tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P093: Food Insecurity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Adults in the United States
Authors: Earl S Ford
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: The relationship between food security status and 10-year projected cardiovascular risk is poorly understood. Hypothesis: The present study sought to examine the associations between food security status and cardiovascular risk factors and projected 10-year cardiovascular risk in a national sample of U. S. adults. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 11857 adults aged &gt;=20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2008) was conducted. Four levels of food security status were defined using 10 standard questions. Cardiovascular risk factors included systolic blood pressure, smoking status, body mass index, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, and concentrations of HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cotinine, and C-reactive protein. Projected 10-year cardiovascular risk was determined from a multivariable risk algorithm derived from Framingham data. Results: Among all participants, 83.6% had full food security, 6.7% had marginally food security, 5.9% had low food security, and 3.7% had very low food security. After adjustment for age, gender, race or ethnicity, educational status, health insurance coverage, alcohol use, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and histories of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, mean HbA1c concentration was 0.13% higher (p=0.026) and cotinine concentration was 54.1 ng/ml higher (P &lt;0.001) among participants with very low food security than those with full food security. No significant associations were observed between food security status and, measured as continuous variables, systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, or concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein. Compared to fully food secure participants, those with very low food security were more likely to have diabetes (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.16– 1.64), hypertension (aPR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.05–1.49), elevated cotinine concentrations (aPR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.35–1.68), and, in women only, obesity (aPR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–1.45) or be current smokers (aPR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.46–1.83). Among fasting participants aged 30–74 years (N= 3852), adults aged 30–59 years with very low food security were more likely to have a projected 10-year cardiovascular risk &gt;20% than fully food secure participants (adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.39, 3.72). Food security status was not significantly associated with projected cardiovascular risk among participants aged &gt;=60 years. Conclusions: Food insecurity may be associated with impaired cardiovascular health in adults. Additional research into the relationships between food security and cardiovascular health appears warranted.
MicroRNAs in vascular tissue engineering and post-ischemic neovascularization
Authors: Massimo Caputo, Jaimy Saif, Cha Rajakaruna, Marcus Brooks, Gianni D. Angelini, Costanza Emanueli
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2015)

Increasing numbers of paediatric patients with congenital heart defects are surviving to adulthood, albeit with continuing clinical needs. Hence, there is still scope for revolutionary new strategies to correct vascular anatomical defects. Adult patients are also surviving longer with the adverse consequences of ischemic vascular disease, especially after acute coronary syndromes brought on by plaque erosion and rupture. Vascular tissue engineering and therapeutic angiogenesis provide new hope for these patients. Both approaches have shown promise in laboratory studies, but have not yet been able to deliver clear evidence of clinical success. More research into biomaterials, molecular medicine and cell and molecular therapies is necessary. This review article focuses on the new opportunities offered by targeting microRNAs for the improved production and greater empowerment of vascular cells for use in vascular tissue engineering or for increasing blood perfusion of ischemic tissues by amplifying the resident microvascular network.
Abstract 79: Improving the Quality of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by Training Dedicated Cardiac Arrest Teams in the Usage of a Mechanical Load-Distributing Device at the Emergency Department
Authors: Marcus E Ong, Joy L Quah, Annitha Annathurai, Kenneth B Tan, Sohil Pothiawala, Zhi Xiong Koh, Stephanie Fook-Chong, Ah Ho Poh, Chye Khiaw Loy, Noorkiah Mohamed Noor
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Study Objective: To determine if implementing cardiac arrest teams trained with a sequence protocol in using a load distributing band mechanical CPR device (AutoPulse ZOLL), improves the quality of CPR, as determined by the No-Flow Ratio [NFR] in the 1st 10 minutes of resuscitation. The NFR is a function of compressions to pauses during the CPR cycle. Methods: This is a phased, prospective, non-randomized, before-after cohort evaluation. Data collection was from April 2008 to February 2011. There were 100-before and 107-after cases. Continuous video and chest compression data with the Physiocontrol Codestat Suite 7.0, of all study subjects were analyzed. All non-traumatic, collapsed patients older than 18 years old, presenting to the Emergency Department were eligible. Results: After implementation, the mean total NFR for the 1st 5 minutes and the next 5 minutes respectively decreased from 0.42 to 0.27 (difference = 0.15, 95%CI 0.10 to 0.19, p&lt;0.005), and from 0.24 to 0.18 (difference = 0.06, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.11, p=0.01). The mean time taken to apply AutoPulse (seconds) decreased from 208.8s to 144.5s (difference = 64.3, 95%C.I, 18.0 to 110.6, p=0.007). Overall, the mean CPR ratio, which is the percentage of time with active CPR in a resuscitation, increased from 46.4% to 88.6% (difference = 42.2%, 95%CI 37.1% to 47.2%, p&lt;0.005) and the mean total NFR for the 1st 10 minutes decreased from 0.33 to 0.23 (difference = 0.10, 95%CI 0.07 to 0.14, p&lt;0.005). Conclusion: Implementation of cardiac arrest teams was associated with a reduction in no-flow ratio in the 1st 10 minutes of resuscitation. We recommend that training cardiac arrest teams in a specially sequenced protocol can improve the quality of CPR at the ED.
Alcohol and the cardiovascular system
Authors: T. J. Regan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Ethanol has long been recognized as a toxic agent that has acute and chronic effects on cerebral and hepatic function. Over the past two decades important influences on the cardiovascular system have been either rediscovered or observed for the first time. The combined use of tobacco cigarettes and alcohol appears to increase the risk of many of these clinical abnormalities. While many individuals addicted to ethanol have subclinical abnormalities of the heart, somewhat less than a majority develop symptomatic cardiac problems. These include heart failure and arrhythmias. In addition to supraventricular arrhythmias that often normalize spontaneously, there is an increased incidence of sudden death that peaks at about 50 years of age in the alcoholic population. A significant degree of blood pressure elevation occurs in individuals who abuse alcohol. This appears to be transient and is normalized in most individuals during abstinence. The increased incidence of hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic stroke in middle age also appears to decline when alcohol abuse is interrupted. A preventive effect of mild to moderate drinking on coronary artery disease is, at present, equivocal, largely due to the question of appropriate controls. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:377-381)
Change in blood protein detects more ovarian cancers than fixed threshold, study finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Estimating a woman’s risk of ovarian cancer by the speed at which the level of a blood protein increases is more accurate than using a fixed threshold for the protein level, a study has found.1

For many years researchers have been studying levels of a protein linked to ovarian cancer called CA125, which can help to diagnose the disease at an early stage. Previously a fixed cut-off has been used for CA125 (more than 35 U/mL) to identify a possible abnormality. But some women can have much higher levels and still not have the cancer, while …
Elizabeth Marion Innes
Authors: J. A. Innis
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Background and importance</h3> Hip fracture is an increasing disease as the population get older. It has direct consequences in health systems in terms of quality of live and economic investment. Furthermore, these patients usually have comorbidities and take multiple medications. <h3>Aim and objectives</h3> To analyse the impact of polypharmacy and comorbidity on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with hip fracture. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Prospective and observational study with consecutive sampling of patients aged over 65 years admitted for hip fracture surgery during the study period. Functional ability (CUPAX test), nutritional risk (NRS), frailty (Fried <i>et al</i>), Charlson Comorbidity index, number of drugs and QoL variables were collected. QoL was assessed using the EuroQol-5D-3L questionnaire at the time of admission which referred to their baseline condition before the hip fracture. A stepwise multiple regression was performed to study independent variables associated with QoL. The significance level for the different analyses was established as <i>p</i>&lt; 0.05. The data analysis was performed using SPSS. <h3>Results</h3> The study included 33 patients, mean age 79 years (SD ± 7), 73% women. Charlson Comorbidity Index was 5 (IC 4.2–5.5). The mean number of medications taken was 7.5 (IC 5.8–9.1). In the multiple regression analysis (adjusted R<sup>2</sup>=0.293, p=0.001) the comorbidity index was associated with a lower EQ-5D index, while the number of drugs had no relation to the EQ-5D. None of the clinical variables of performance status, physical function and nutritional status showed statistical significance in the multivariable model. <h3>Conclusion and relevance</h3> Charlson Comorbidity index but not the number of drugs had an impact on the QoL of admitted patients with hip fracture. <h3>References and/or acknowledgements</h3> <h3>Conflict of interest</h3> No conflict of interest
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice will start publication in September
Authors: A. Miles
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--The “Editor's choice” in the issue of 29 April welcomes the publication of the new journal, Evidence Based Medicine, which is described more fully in Frank Davidoff and colleagues' editorial.1 In addition, Aneez Esmail reviews a new textbook entitled Evidence-based General Practice.2 These are important contributions to the inexorable development of …
Abstract 11047: The Use of Electrophysiology Studies in the Post-AVID and Post-SCD-HeFT Era: Data from the NCDR® ICD Registry™
Authors: Alan Cheng, Yongfei Wang, Hugh Calkins, Ronald D Berger, Alfred E Buxton, Jeptha p Curtis, Rachel Lampert
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction:  Electrophysiology studies (EPS) have historically played a role in sudden death risk stratification. However, more recent studies have focused on ejection fraction (EF) as the primary guide to ICD implantation. The utilization of EPS in patients undergoing ICD implantation in the current era remains unknown.   Methods:  Patients undergoing de novo ICD implantation in the NCDR® ICD Registry™ between July 2006 and June 2009 who also underwent EPS within 30 days prior to implant were compared to the remaining cohort in order to identify clinical characteristics that correlated with performance of EPS. Patients undergoing EPS according to published guidelines and those who already met 2005 CMS criteria for primary prevention ICD implantation were also defined. Arrhythmias induced by EPS were subsequently analyzed.   Results:  EPS were performed in 33,786 of 275,273 patients. Those undergoing EPS were more likely to have had a history of syncope, family history of sudden death, lack of congestive heart failure, and higher EF (Table). Current published guidelines accounted for 51.4% of EPS performed. Among the primary prevention ICD cohort, 82.2% of EPS were performed in those who already met criteria for an ICD. No ventricular tachyarrhythmias were induced in 18.9% of EPS. The most common type of arrhythmia induced was sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia.   Conclusions:  EPS were performed in those with borderline ICD indications or less well defined risk factors for sudden death. While EPS may influence management decisions in various ways, 82.2% of EPS in primary prevention ICD patients already fulfilled criteria for an ICD based on EF and heart failure status. These results suggest that many physicians question the utility of existing guidelines and are searching for better means to identify patients most likely to benefit from ICDs. Consideration should be made for clarifying indications for EPS in patients undergoing ICD implantation.
Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>and Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Maurice B. Strauss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

TO THE microbiologist, vitamin B12 is one of the newest of the growth factors necessary for certain bacteria. To the biochemist, it appears to afford new information concerning nucleic acid synthesis. To the poultry scientist it represents a further step in the elucidation of the nature of the factors necessary for the best hatchability of hens' eggs and the growth of chicks. To the physician, vitamin B12 appears to be the long-sought antipernicious-anemia principle of liver, and to afford new insight concerning the pathogenesis of a disorder that has fascinated medical men since its original description by Thomas Addison . . .
Abstract 224: Modified Minimally Interrupted Cardiac Resuscitation Protocol and Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in a Metropolitan City
Authors: Joo Yeong Kim, Sang Do Shin, Koung Jun Song, So Young Ha, Eui Jung Lee
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Prompt and minimal interruption of cardiac resuscitation (MICR) protocol includs more strict and continuous chest compression, delayed airway procedures, and team approach cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for minimal interruption of chest compression. However, it is unclear whether MICR is effective in an Asian EMS system with intermediate service level or not. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the MICR protocol is associated with improved out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes in a metropolitan city. Methods: This is a before- and after- EMS intervention trial. Data on patients with adult OHCA (18 years old and older) of cardiac etiology were from January 2011 to December 2012. The MICR protocol was implemented as a standardized field protocol in January 2011 and followed by a series of education and training for EMS providers. Education and training session composed of knowledge and skill sessions (four hours) was held in February and June 2012 for 50 and 70 EMS teams each. Outcome was prehospital return of spontaneous circulation and survival to discharge. Intervention group was defined as patients treated by 120 teams after training of the protocol and control group was patients treated by same EMS providers before training. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to compare outcomes between two groups adjusting for potential risks. Results: Total 622 cases in intervention group and 868 cases in control group were enrolled. Prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was 3.0% in control group and 6.1% in intervention group (p=0.004). Survival to discharge rate was 9.33% in control group and 11.3% in intervention group (p=0.225) . Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of intervention compared with control group for prehospital ROSC and survival to discharge was not significant. Conclusions: The MICR protocol showed higher prehopital ROSC and survival to discharge rate than conventional CPR protocol in a metropolitan city but the adjusted model did not show better outcome. More intensive training to disseminate protocol among EMS providers is needed.
T-Cell Dysfunction In CLL Is Mediated Not Only By PD-1/PD-L1 But Also By PD-1/PD-L2 Interactions - Partial Functionality Is Maintained In PD-1 Defined CD8 Subsets and This Can Be Further Promoted By Ibrutinib Treatment
Authors: Fabienne McClanahan, Shaun Miller, John C. Riches, Essam Ghazaly, William P. Day, Melania Capasso, John Gribben
Journal: Blood (2013)
Quantification of Myocardial Segmental Function in Acute and Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease and Implications for Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Trials
Authors: John W. Petersen, John R. Forder, James D. Thomas, Lemuel A. Moyé, Mark Lawson, Catalin Loghin, Jay H. Traverse, Sarah Baraniuk, Guilherme Silva, Carl J. Pepine
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Abstract 17234: Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Renal Artery Stenosis, Preliminary Results of the CORAL Clinical Trial
Authors: Satjit Adalakha, Barbara A Greco, Richard Dart, Alexander M Shepherd, Timothy P Murphy, Kenneth A Jamerson, Lance D Dworkin, William H Henrich, Diane Reid, Donald E Cutlip, Christopher J Cooper, Katherine R Tuttle
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Blood Pressure (BP) control is a common indication for renal artery revascularization in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS). The purpose of this study is to evaluate BP contr...
Never had it so good?
Authors: Iona Heath
Journal: BMJ (2008)

With ever increasing pressure on doctors’ time, <b>Iona Heath</b> wonders whether primary care really meets the needs of elderly people at all, while <b>John Wasson</b> (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39532.671597.94) suggests ways for doctors to improve the care of older patients that don’t require extra resources or staffing
Abstract 1729: MSR-Targeted Immunomicelles-Mediated MRI Enhancement of Atherosclerosis is Associated With Macrophage Content of Atherosclerotic Plaques and Inhibited by Monoclonal Antibodies to MSR.
Authors: Smbat Amirbekian, Vardan Amirbekian, Michael J Lipinski, Karen Briley-Saboe, Juan G Aguinaldo, Fabien Hyafil, David B Weinreb, Esad Vucic, Juan C Frias, Venkatesh Mani, Edward A Fisher, Zahi A Fayad
Journal: Circulation (2006)
The death of biomedical journals
Authors: G. A Gellert
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Exaggerating rumours of the death of biomedical journals, Ronald E LaPorte and colleagues fail to acknowledge that the publishing of biomedical journals has flourished over recent decades, with more journals in circulation to a greater number of readers than ever.1 Their logic suggests that we are facing the end of paper literary history, but the development of interfaces between people and technology is rarely so linear and predictable. Indeed, the journals' success is partly driving the evolution of biomedical information systems. Why are vinyl records, which …
Biological Studies on Stable and Radioactive Rare Earth Compounds. II. The Effect of Lanthanum on Mice Bearing Ehrlich Ascites Tumor&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: R LEWIN, K G STERN, D M EKSTEIN, L WOIDOWSKY, D LASZLO
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1953)

Biological Studies on Stable and Radioactive Rare Earth Compounds. II. The Effect of Lanthanum on Mice Bearing Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Get access Ruth Lewin, Ruth Lewin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kurt G. Stern, Kurt G. Stern Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daniel M. Ekstein, Daniel M. Ekstein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leonard Woidowsky, Leonard Woidowsky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daniel Laszlo Daniel Laszlo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 14, Issue 1, August 1953, Pages 45–56, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/14.1.45 Published: 01 August 1953 Article history Received: 05 February 1953 Published: 01 August 1953
Inhibition of interleukin-2-induced tumor necrosis factor release by dexamethasone: prevention of an acquired neutrophil chemotaxis defect and differential suppression of interleukin-2-associated side effects [see comments]
Authors: JW Mier, G Vachino, MS Klempner, FR Aronson, R Noring, S Smith, EP Brandon, W Laird, MB Atkins
Journal: Blood (1990)
Abstract 14690: The Impact of Long-Term Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Treated for Bifurcation Lesions with Sirolimus-Eluting Stent
Authors: Daiji Hasegawa, Kazushige Kadota, Mitsuru Yoshino, Koshi Miyake, Haruki Eguchi, Noriyuki Ohashi, Yuki Hayakawa, Naoki Saito, Suguru Otsuru, Yoshikazu Shigemoto, Seiji Habara, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Naoki Oka, Harumi Katoh, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose: The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT: aspirin and thienopyridine) after drug-eluting stent implantation remains unclear, especially for high risk patients. As bifurcatio...
Sesame allergy is also a problem
Authors: M. S. Perkins
Journal: BMJ (1996)

conclusion is the author's "impression that the increased incidence of peanut or nut allergy is real" and the statement that "there has been a considerable increase in the rate of referrals for food allergy."Even more disturbingly, Hugh A Sampson cites this study in his editorial in support of his conclusion that "the prevalence of peanut and nut allergy is increasing."2While the incidence of nut allergy may indeed be rising, we believe that authors have a respon- sibility not to overstate their case, particularly on issues that are likely to be of interest to the media.Ewan should provide us with the evidence that led her to conclude that nut allergy is becoming common so that we can decide on this important issue, for ourselves and for our patients.
Abstract 13558: Prediction of Discharge Outcomes in Acute Heart Failure Using Ambulatory Acoustic Cardiography
Authors: Chun-Chin Chang, Shih-Hsien Sung, Hao-Min Cheng, Wen-Chung Yu, Shao-Yuan Chuang, Chen-Huan Chen
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objective: The role of ambulatory acoustic cardiography in the management of patients with acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) remains uncertain. We investigated the usefulness of the ambulatory ac...
Review: In patients having PCI, high-dose clopidogrel reduces major cardiac events vs standard-dose clopidogrel
Authors: Jennifer A. Rymer, L. Kristin Newby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Ma W, Liang Y, Zhu J, Wang Y, Wang X. Meta-analysis appraising high maintenance dose clopidogrel in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with and without high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity. Am J Cardiol. 2014;115:592-601. 25613665
Difficulties are rare and do not correlate with lifespan of catheter
Authors: J. Filshie, P. Wood, R. Griffin, C. Nightingale, G P R Browne, D G Skewes
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--We strongly support Andy Adam's view that imaging guidance and experience are necessary for the placement of Hickman-type catheters.1 The first surgical insertions of Hickman catheters at the Royal Marsden Hospitals were described in 1979,2 but over the past decade the anaesthetists have developed a comprehensive percutaneous venous access service, and they currently insert over 1000 lines a year. Dedicated theatre lists of up to 10 patients are eminently suitable for consultants to teach the technique to trainee anaesthetists. …