tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RCT
Authors: Abdul Moiz Khan
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Abstract 204: Protective Roles of Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase on Rat Cardiomyoblast Death Under Glucose-deprived Condition
Authors: Satoshi Kameshima, Muneyoshi Okada, Hideyuki Yamawaki
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase (eEF2K; also known as calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III) has both active and inactive phosphorylation sites. An intracellular energy sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was reported to activate eEF2K via increasing dephosphorylation at Ser366 (inactive site). Activated eEF2K phosphorylates and inactivates a specific substrate, eEF2, which results in the inhibition of protein translation consuming high energy. Glucose depletion (GD) is one of the primary causes for cardiomyocyte death in the developed cardiac hypertrophy. We have recently found that the expression and dephosphorylation of eEF2K (Ser366) and eEF2 phosphorylation were significantly increased in left ventricle of several cardiac hypertrophy models. However, it is almost unknown whether eEF2K/eEF2 signals affect GD-induced cardiomyocyte death. The aim of this study was to explore it. GD was induced by incubating H9c2 cells in a glucose-free medium. H9c2 cell viability, apoptotic-like nuclear condensation or protein expression was examined using a cell counting assay, DAPI staining or Western blotting, respectively. GD induced H9c2 cell death (p&lt;0.01, n=6) and caspase-3 fragmentation (p&lt;0.05, n=10-12). In addition, GD significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK (p&lt;0.05, n=6-8) and eEF2 (p&lt;0.01, n=4-8) as well as eEF2K dephosphorylation at Ser366 (p&lt;0.01, n=4-8). eEF2K gene knockdown (eEF2K KD) by siRNA transfection significantly increased GD-induced H9c2 cell death (p&lt;0.05, n=7) and caspase-3 fragmentation (p&lt;0.01, n=9). Moreover, eEF2K KD significantly facilitated GD-induced increase of nuclear condensation (44.0±3.3%, eEF2K siRNA vs. 30.9±2.4%, control siRNA p&lt;0.01, n=5). AMPK KD did not affect GD-induced H9c2 cell death and eEF2K dephosphorylation. In conclusion, we for the first time revealed in H9c2 cells that activated eEF2K might play protective roles in GD-induced apoptosis via the inhibition of caspase-3 fragmentation, whereas AMPK activation is not directly related to the regulation of eEF2K/eEF2 signals in GD condition. The present results suggest eEF2K as a novel pharmacotherapeutic target for cardiac dysfunction.
A deep generative model for multi-view profiling of single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data
Authors: Gaoyang Li, Shaliu Fu, Shuguang Wang, Chenyu Zhu, Bin Duan, Chen Tang, Xiaohan Chen, Guohui Chuai, Ping Wang, Qi Liu
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Abstract Here, we present a multi-modal deep generative model, the single-cell Multi-View Profiler (scMVP), which is designed for handling sequencing data that simultaneously measure gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the same cell, including SNARE-seq, sci-CAR, Paired-seq, SHARE-seq, and Multiome from 10X Genomics. scMVP generates common latent representations for dimensionality reduction, cell clustering, and developmental trajectory inference and generates separate imputations for differential analysis and cis-regulatory element identification. scMVP can help mitigate data sparsity issues with imputation and accurately identify cell groups for different joint profiling techniques with common latent embedding, and we demonstrate its advantages on several realistic datasets.
Health Status of Haitian Migrants—U.S. Naval Base, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, November 1991-April 1992
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In November 1991, following a military coup in Haiti, thousands of Haitians fled that country in small open boats. Most migrants were intercepted by U.S. Coast Guard cutters and taken to the U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay (GTMO), Cuba (Figure 1), where the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) established a joint task force (JTF) migrant relief operation.* This report summarizes the results of health assessments of migrants conducted by the JTF.
Abstract 17139: Incidence and Outcomes of Infectious Endocarditis Six Months After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Francis Kuttamperoor, Srikanth Yandrapalli, Varunsiri Atti, Sisir Siddamsetti, William Frishman
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Infectious endocarditis (IE) is a known complication after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Available data suggest that IE was infrequent after TAVI but was associated with substantial mortality. We sought to determine the 6-month incident rates and outcomes of this complication after TAVI in the United States representative patient population. Methods: A weighted sample of adult patients who underwent TAVI and survived to discharge were identified in the Nationwide Readmissions Database January to June 2014 using appropriate ICD-9 codes. Among these patients, readmissions within 180-days in which IE was diagnosed were identified. Microbiology, complications, valvular procedural utilization, and mortality with IE were the outcomes studied. Results: Of 7,834 patients (mean age 81 years, 52% men) who underwent TAVI during the study period, 61 patients (0.8%; mean age 79 years, 58% men) had IE within 180 days form discharge. Median day to developing IE was 79 days [interquartile range 49-124 days]. Septicemia was present in 43 patients (71%) of which 15 (24%) developed septic shock. Gram positive bacteremia was frequent with 13 patients (21%) having Streptococcal bacteremia, and 12 (19%) with Staphylococcal bacteremia. Gram negative organisms were identified in 4%. Heart failure developed in 46 patients (75%), respiratory failure in 12 (20%), and acute kidney injury in 18 (29%). Concomitant pneumonia was present in 8 patients (13%). A valvular intervention was not performed in any of the 61 patients and 13 patients (22%) died in-hospital after IE diagnosis. Conclusions: Nearly 8 out of every 1000 patients undergoing TAVI developed IE within 6 months post-procedure. IE post TAVI was most commonly caused by gram positive bacteria and was associated with very high rates of multi-system complication. A valvular intervention was not performed in these sick patients with IE, and 1 out of 5 patient who developed IE died.
Effect of antiseptic bathing with chlorhexidine or octenidine on central line–associated bloodstream infections in intensive care patients: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Luisa A. Denkel, Frank Schwab, Jörg Clausmeyer, Michael Behnke, Jennifer Golembus, Solvy Wolke, Petra Gastmeier, Christine Geffers
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
Update Alert: Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings
Authors: Roger Chou, Tracy Dana, Rebecca Jungbauer, Chandler Weeks, Marian S. McDonagh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Update Alert: Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings This is the first monthly update alert for a living rapid review on the use of masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in health care and community settings (1).Searches were updated from 2 June 2020 to 2 July 2020, using the same search strategies as the original review.The update searches identified 321 citations.Due to the high volume of literature and to focus on higher-quality evidence, we modified selection criteria for this and future updates by restricting inclusion to peer-reviewed studies.Other inclusion criteria were unchanged.One study on the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a community setting was added for this update (2).The original rapid review included 39 studies of mask use for the prevention of viral illness.No studies in the original review assessed the effect of mask use on prevention of SARS-CoV-2 in the community, and 2 observational studies reporting on mask use in health care settings for SARS-CoV-2 prevention had methodological limitations.The new study added for this update was a retrospective cohort study of 124 households with an index SARS-CoV-2 case and 355 uninfected household contacts (Supplement Table 1) (2).Households in which masks were used by at least 1 family member (including the index case) before the development of symptoms by the index case were associated with decreased risk for incident infections, after adjustment for other hygiene and infection control practices, physical distance to index case, environmental factors, and presence of diarrhea in the index case (adjusted odds ratio, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.79]) (Supplement Table 2).There was no association between mask use after illness onset in the index case and risk for SARS-CoV-2 infections in family members.Masks could be N95 respirators, surgical masks, or cloth face coverings, and the study did not conduct analyses by specific mask type.The study was susceptible to recall bias; in addition, the analysis used households (rather than exposed individuals) as the unit of analysis and did not analyze mask use by the index case ("source control") separately from mask use by household contacts (Supplement Table 3).Therefore, although the new study provides evidence regarding the effectiveness of masks in community settings for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the strength of evidence is insufficient (Supplement Table 4).No new studies evaluated the effects of mask use and risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care settings or effects of mask use and risk for SARS-CoV-1 infection, MERS-CoV infection, or influenza or influenza-like illness.There were no new studies on the effectiveness and safety or mask reuse or extended use.
Molecular Mechanisms of Renal Magnesium Reabsorption
Authors: David H. Ellison, Yujiro Maeoka, James A. McCormick
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Magnesium is an essential cofactor in many cellular processes, and aberrations in magnesium homeostasis can have life-threatening consequences. The kidney plays a central role in maintaining serum magnesium within a narrow range (0.70-1.10 mmol/L). Along the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb, magnesium reabsorption occurs via paracellular pathways. Members of the claudin family form the magnesium pores in these segments, and also regulate magnesium reabsorption by adjusting the transepithelial voltage that drives it. Along the distal convoluted tubule transcellular reabsorption via heteromeric TRPM6/7 channels predominates, although paracellular reabsorption may also occur. In this segment, the NaCl cotransporter plays a critical role in determining transcellular magnesium reabsorption. Although the general machinery involved in renal magnesium reabsorption has been identified by studying genetic forms of magnesium imbalance, the mechanisms regulating it are poorly understood. This review discusses pathways of renal magnesium reabsorption by different segments of the nephron, emphasizing newer findings that provide insight into regulatory process, and outlining critical unanswered questions.
Societies.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How to Use and Interpret the Results of a Platform Trial
Authors: Jay J. H. Park, Michelle A. Detry, Srinivas Murthy, Gordon Guyatt, Edward J. Mills
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Platform trials are a type of randomized clinical trial that allow simultaneous comparison of multiple intervention groups against a single control group that serves as a common control based on a prespecified interim analysis plan. The platform trial design enables introduction of new interventions after the trial is initiated to evaluate multiple interventions in an ongoing manner using a single overarching protocol called a master (or core) protocol. When multiple treatment candidates are available, rapid scientific therapeutic discoveries may be made. Platform trials have important potential advantages in creating an efficient trial infrastructure that can help address critical clinical questions as the evidence evolves. Platform trials have recently been used in investigations of evolving therapies for patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this Users’ Guide to the Medical Literature is to describe fundamental concepts of platform trials and master protocols and review issues in the conduct and interpretation of these studies. This Users’ Guide is intended to help clinicians and readers understand articles reporting on interventions evaluated using platform trial designs.
Education to save lives: C19SPACE, the COVID19 Skills PrepAration CoursE
Authors: Stefan J. Schaller, Johannes Mellinghoff, Maurizio Cecconi, Cecconi Maurizio, Jozef Kesecioglu, Elie Azoulay, Lui Forni, Jean-Louis Teboul, Armand R. J. Girbes, Duska Frantisek, Adrian Wong, Jan De Waele, Johannes Mellinghoff, Giuseppe Citerio, Nicole Juffermans, Melania Istrate, Joel Alexandre, Stefan J. Schaller
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2022)
Hyperventilation syndrome
Authors: R. E. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We certainly agree with Dr Record that hypophosphatemia is potentially dangerous. Indeed, a recent report<sup>1</sup>suggests still another serious effect—severe, but, fortunately, reversible heart failure. Perhaps we did not emphasize this enough, but our review was not concerning the effects of severe, chronic alkalosis, but, rather, hyperventilation occurring in the absence of known organic disease. While phosphate levels in these patients can be acutely depressed,<sup>2</sup>presumably phosphate concentration returns rather promptly to normal once hyperventilation ceases. We know of no data defining phosphate levels in chronic, sustained hyperventilation, but this is rare in our experience, anyway. The majority of our patients hyperventilate for brief periods only and feel relatively well in between. Dr Martin raises some interesting questions. We never stated that all anxious people hyperventilate and certainly made no claim to know why some do and others do not. Nor do we think our statement
Paper Electrophoresis
Authors: Myer Lubran
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Electrophoresis is the movement of charged particles in solution under the influence of an external electrical field. Paper electrophoresis employs filter paper strips soaked in buffer solution, usually diethylbarbituric acid and barbituric acid dissolved in alkali (Veronal buffer), pH 8.6. A small volume of serum is placed on the paper and a direct current passed for several hours. The serum proteins separate into five zones, which can be made visible by staining with dyes. The protein migrating farthest is albumin; then, in order, come α<sub>1</sub>-, α<sub>2</sub>-, β-, and γ-globulin. Occasionally, the β zone is split into β<sub>1</sub>and β<sub>2</sub>zones. By use of a densitometer, the amount of dye in each zone may be measured and recorded as a tracing with peaks corresponding to each dyed zone (Fig 1).<sup>1</sup> <h3>Quantitation of Serum Proteins.—</h3> Paper electrophoresis provides only an approximate value for the serum proteins. Analysis
Differential effects of lung inflammation on insulin resistance in humans and mice
Authors: Ruth Karlina, Claudia Flexeder, Stephanie Musiol, Madhumita Bhattacharyya, Evelyn Schneider, Irem Altun, Silvia Gschwendtner, Avidan U. Neumann, Jana Nano, Michael Schloter, Annette Peters, Holger Schulz, Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber, Marie Standl, Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann, Francesca Alessandrini, Siegfried Ussar
Journal: Allergy (2022)

The rates of obesity, its associated diseases, and allergies are raising at alarming rates in most countries. House dust mites (HDM) are highly allergenic and exposure often associates with an urban sedentary indoor lifestyle, also resulting in obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological association and physiological impact of lung inflammation on obesity and glucose homeostasis.Epidemiological data from 2207 adults of the population-based KORA FF4 cohort were used to test associations between asthma and rhinitis with metrics of body weight and insulin sensitivity. To obtain functional insights, C57BL/6J mice were intranasally sensitized and challenged with HDM and simultaneously fed with either low-fat or high-fat diet for 12 weeks followed by a detailed metabolic and biochemical phenotyping of the lung, liver, and adipose tissues.We found a direct association of asthma with insulin resistance but not body weight in humans. In mice, co-development of obesity and HDM-induced lung inflammation attenuated inflammation in lung and perigonadal fat, with little impact on body weight, but small shifts in the composition of gut microbiota. Exposure to HDM improved glucose tolerance, reduced hepatosteatosis, and increased energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate. These effects associate with increased activity of thermogenic adipose tissues independent of uncoupling protein 1.Asthma associates with insulin resistance in humans, but HDM challenge results in opposing effects on glucose homeostasis in mice due to increased energy expenditure, reduced adipose inflammation, and hepatosteatosis.
Abstract P211: Diet Quality Declines and Differs by Race in Early Childhood
Authors: Kelly Reynolds, Heidi Kalkwarf, Suzanne Summer, Philip Khoury, Marcia Gavin, Jessica G Woo
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Diet quality is an important determinant of health in children, but little is known about how diet quality progresses during early childhood. We hypothesized that overall diet quality, assessed by the 2010 Healthy Eating Index, would decline during early childhood. Methods: Three hundred seventy-two (372) healthy 3-year-old children were recruited from the Greater Cincinnati area and assessed every 4 months until age 7 at in-person clinical visits, for a total of 13 visits. Parents completed 3-day diet diaries at each visit which were analyzed for nutrient composition using the Nutrition Data Systems for Research system (NDSR). The 2010 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) total and food-group component scores were calculated and averaged by year of study. Longitudinal mixed modeling was used to evaluate longitudinal trends. Results: The population was 52% (195/372) male, 78% (290/372) white and 83% (308/372) completed the final visit. HEI total scores at age 3 were poor (mean±SE: 45.2±0.4) and declined significantly between ages 3-7 (p&lt;0.0001). None of the participants had “good” quality diet (HEI&gt;80) at any point in the study. HEI total scores differed by race, with white children having significantly higher scores (p=0.05, Figure). HEI component scores showed a mixed pattern, with some significantly improving (protein, vegetables and fatty acids), some significantly worsening (dairy, refined grains, sodium, whole fruit and total fruit); other component scores did not change. Differences by race also varied, with African-Americans having consistently better scores for vegetables, greens and beans, protein and fatty acids (all p&lt;0.0001), while white children had better scores for dairy, sodium and refined grains (all p&lt;0.0005). Conclusions: The average HEI scores for young children showed poor baseline diet quality at age 3 that became gradually worse throughout early childhood. The varying patterns in HEI component scores indicate specific areas of focus for early dietary intervention, which may differ by race.
Atlas and Epitome of Operative Surgery.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Imported Dengue—United States, 1997 and 1998
Journal: JAMA (2000)

A REVIEW WITHIN CDC AND BY OUTside experts of an investigation of acute pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis in infants has identified shortcomings in the implementation and reporting of the investigation described in MMWR 1,2 and detailed in other scientific publications authored, in part, by CDC personnel. [3]4][5] The reviews led CDC to conclude that a possible association between acute pulmonary hemorrhage/ hemosiderosis in infants and exposure to molds, specifically Stachybotrys chartarum, commonly referred to by its synonym Stachybotrys atra, was not proven.This report describes the specific findings of these internal and external reviews.