tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of CD71+ erythroid cells in the regulation of the immune response
Authors: Tomasz M. Grzywa, Dominika Nowis, Jakub Golab
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2021)

Complex regulation of the immune response is necessary to support effective defense of an organism against hostile invaders and to maintain tolerance to harmless microorganisms and autoantigens. Recent studies revealed previously unappreciated roles of CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) in regulation of the immune response. CECs physiologically reside in the bone marrow where erythropoiesis takes place. Under stress conditions, CECs are enriched in some organs outside of the bone marrow as a result of extramedullary erythropoiesis. However, the role of CECs goes well beyond the production of erythrocytes. In neonates, increased numbers of CECs contribute to their vulnerability to infectious diseases. On the other side, neonatal CECs suppress activation of immune cells in response to abrupt colonization with commensal microorganisms after delivery. CECs are also enriched in the peripheral blood of pregnant women as well as in the placenta and are responsible for the regulation of feto-maternal tolerance. In patients with cancer, anemia leads to increased frequency of CECs in the peripheral blood contributing to diminished antiviral and antibacterial immunity, as well as to accelerated cancer progression. Moreover, recent studies revealed the role of CECs in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections. CECs use a full arsenal of mechanisms to regulate immune response. These cells suppress proinflammatory responses of myeloid cells and T-cell proliferation by the depletion of ʟ-arginine by arginase. Moreover, CECs produce reactive oxygen species to decrease T-cell proliferation. CECs also secrete cytokines, including transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), which promotes T-cell differentiation into regulatory T-cells. Here, we comprehensively describe the role of CECs in orchestrating immune response and indicate some therapeutic approaches that might be used to regulate their effector functions in the treatment of human conditions.
Methane positive small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arjun Gandhi, Ayesha Shah, Michael P. Jones, Natasha Koloski, Nicholas J. Talley, Mark Morrison, Gerald Holtmann
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Several studies reported a potential role of methane producing archaea in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of methane positive small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in IBS and IBD compared with controls. MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase electronic databases were searched from inception until March 2021 for case-control and prevalence studies reporting SIBO in IBS and IBD. We extracted data from published studies and calculated pooled prevalence of SIBO in IBS or IBD, odds ratios (OR), and 95% CIs, utilizing a random effects model. The final dataset included 17 independent studies assessing the prevalence of methane positive SIBO in 1,653 IBS-patients and 713 controls, and 7 studies assessing the prevalence of methane positive SIBO in 626 IBD-patients and 497 controls, all utilizing breath test for SIBO diagnosis. Prevalence of methane positive SIBO in IBS and IBD was 25.0% (95% CI 18.8–32.4) and 5.6% (95% CI 2.6–11.8), respectively. Methane positive SIBO in IBS was not increased compared to controls (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.8–1.7, P = .37) but was significantly more prevalent in IBS-C as compared to IBS-D (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.7–5.6, P = .0001). The prevalence of methane-positive SIBO in patients with IBD was 3-fold lower at 7.4% (95% CI 5.4–9.8) compared to 23.5% (95% CI 19.8–27.5) in controls. The prevalence of methane positive SIBO was significantly lower in Crohn's disease as compared to ulcerative colitis, (5.3%, 95% CI 3.0–8.5 vs. 20.2%, 95% CI 12.8–29.4). This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests methane positivity on breath testing is positively associated with IBS-C and inversely with IBD. However, the quality of evidence is low largely due to clinical heterogeneity of the studies. Thus, causality is uncertain and further studies are required.
A Woman in Her 70s With Hypotension, Diffuse ST-Elevation, Murmurs, and an Intracardiac Mass
Authors: Ayaka Ino, Shiro Nakamori, Kaoru Dohi
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Neutrophils fuel effective immune responses through gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis
Authors: Pranvera Sadiku, Joseph A. Willson, Eilise M. Ryan, David Sammut, Patricia Coelho, Emily R. Watts, Robert Grecian, Jason M. Young, Martin Bewley, Simone Arienti, Ananda S. Mirchandani, Manuel A. Sanchez Garcia, Tyler Morrison, Ailing Zhang, Leila Reyes, Tobias Griessler, Privjyot Jheeta, Gordon G. Paterson, Christopher J. Graham, John P. Thomson, Kenneth Baillie, A.A. Roger Thompson, Jessie-May Morgan, Abel Acosta-Sanchez, Veronica M. Dardé, Jordi Duran, Joan J. Guinovart, Gio Rodriguez-Blanco, Alex Von Kriegsheim, Richard R. Meehan, Massimiliano Mazzone, David H. Dockrell, Bart Ghesquiere, Peter Carmeliet, Moira K.B. Whyte, Sarah R. Walmsley
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2021)

(Cell Metabolism 33, 411–423.e1–e4; February 2, 2021) In the originally published version of this article, an earlier draft of Figure 5 was mistakenly included. This has now been replaced with the final version, which includes data generated during the revision process. Updated figure panels now include bacterial killing of Staphylococcus aureus (SH1000) (Figure 5B), baseline ATP levels (Figure 5D), glycolytic response to SH1000 (Figures 5E and 5F), and tracing of U-13C glutamine into F1,6BP (Figure 5R). Figure 5G has been removed and replaced by 5E; 5L has been removed and replaced by 5D. The remaining panels have been renumbered in line with the figure legend and Results text. The figure legend in the originally published article is correct and corresponds to the updated figure. This error does not affect the data and conclusions of the paper. The authors sincerely apologize for any confusion that this error may have caused.Figure 5. COPD Peripheral Blood Neutrophils Are Unable to Regulate Their Glycogen Synthesis, Resulting in Diminished Intracellular Glycogen Stores, Defective Bacterial Killing, and Survival (original)View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) Neutrophils Fuel Effective Immune Responses through Gluconeogenesis and GlycogenesisSadiku et al.Cell MetabolismDecember 10, 2020In BriefNeutrophils are required to meet their energy demands at inflamed sites where nutrients may be limited. Sadiku et al. provide evidence of a specialized metabolism that enables neutrophils to utilize glycogen cycling for energy production. This is essential for neutrophil function and survival, and dysregulation is associated with chronic disease states. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Germline RUNX1 variation and predisposition to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yizhen Li, Wentao Yang, Meenakshi Devidas, Stuart S. Winter, Chimene Kesserwan, Wenjian Yang, Kimberly P. Dunsmore, Colton Smith, Maoxiang Qian, Xujie Zhao, Ranran Zhang, Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Elizabeth A. Raetz, William L. Carroll, Chunliang Li, Paul P. Liu, Karen R. Rabin, Takaomi Sanda, Charles G. Mullighan, Kim E. Nichols, William E. Evans, Ching-Hon Pui, Stephen P. Hunger, David T. Teachey, Mary V. Relling, Mignon L. Loh, Jun J. Yang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Genetic alterations in the RUNX1 gene are associated with benign and malignant blood disorders, particularly of megakaryocyte and myeloid lineages. The role of RUNX1 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is less clear, particularly how germline genetic variation influences the predisposition to this type of leukemia. Sequencing 4,836 children with B-ALL and 1,354 cases of T-ALL, we identified 31 and 18 germline RUNX1 variants, respectively. RUNX1 variants in B-ALL consistently showed minimal damaging effects. By contrast, 6 T-ALL-related variants result in drastic loss of RUNX1 activity as a transcription activator in vitro. Ectopic expression of dominant-negative RUNX1 variants in human CD34+ cells repressed differentiation into erythroid, megakaryocytes, and T cells, while promoting myeloid cell development. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of T-ALL models showed distinctive patterns of RUNX1 binding by variant proteins. Further whole genome sequencing identified JAK3 mutation as the most frequent somatic genomic abnormality in T-ALL with germline RUNX1 variants. Co-introduction of RUNX1 variant and JAK3 mutation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in mice gave rise to T-ALL with early T-cell precursor phenotype. Taken together, these results indicated that RUNX1 is an important predisposition gene for T-ALL and pointed to novel biology of RUNX1-mediated leukemogenesis in the lymphoid lineages.
A Brewing Back Pain
Authors: Lauren Pischel, Arnar Geirsson, John Magaldi, Richard A. Martinello, Alfred I. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

A 67-year-old man presented with a 1-week history of lumbar back pain that worsened with lying down. He had fatigue and had lost 10 kg intentionally over 3 months. He had no fevers, chills, night sweats, weakness or paresthesias in his legs, saddle anesthesia, or incontinence. Additional symptoms arose in the weeks after presentation, and transesophageal echocardiography was performed (shown in a video).
Abstract 15737: Impairment of Myocardial Perfusion Correlates With Heart Failure Progression in Patients With Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Andraz Cerar, Martina Jaklic, Sabina Frljak, Maja Dolenc Novak, Barbara Guzic Salobir, Rok Zbacnik, Mirta Kozelj, Bojan Vrtovec
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is a congenital heart disease characterized by an arrest of the myocardial compaction process. Although NCC patients have impaired formation of micr...
Myocarditis Occurring After Immunization With mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: David K. Shay, Tom T. Shimabukuro, Frank DeStefano
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Ann Marie Navar, MD, PhD; Elizabeth McNally, MD, PhD; Clyde W. Yancy, MD, MSc; Patrick T. O'Gara, MD; Robert O. Bonow, MD, MS
Comparison of Stroke Severity and Functional Outcome of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant with Warfarin in Patients with Cardioembolic Stroke
Authors: Tomita Hirofumi, Hagii Joji, Metoki Norifumi, Saitoh Shin, Shiroto Hiroshi, Hitomi Hiroyasu, Kamada Takaatsu, Takahashi Koki, Sasaki Satoko, Osanai Tomohiro, Yasujima Minoru, Okumura Ken
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Thermochromic Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Iodine Hydrogels with Safe Threshold Temperature for Infectious Wound Healing
Authors: Zhaohua Miao, Yanbin Sun, Zhenchao Tao, Yu Chen, Yan Ma, Dongdong Zhu, Xiang Huang, Zhengbao Zha
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Iodophor (povidone‐iodine) has been widely used for antibacterial applications in the clinic. Yet, limited progress in the field of iodine‐based bactericides has been achieved since the invention of iodophor. Herein, a blue polyvinyl alcohol‐iodine (PAI) complex‐based antibacterial hydrogel is explored as a new generation of biocompatible iodine‐based bactericides. The obtained PAI hydrogel maintains laser triggered liquefaction, thermochromic, and photothermal features for highly efficient elimination of bacteria. In vitro antibacterial test reveals that the relative bacteria viabilities of Escherichia coli (E.coli) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) incubated with PAI hydrogel are only 8% and 3.8%, respectively. Upon single injection of the PAI hydrogel, MRSA‐infected open wounds can be efficiently healed in only 5 days, and the healing speed is further accelerated by laser irradiation due to the dynamic interaction between iodine and polyvinyl alcohol, causing up to ∼29% of wound area being closed on day 1. In addition, a safe threshold temperature of skin scald (∼45 °C) emerges for PAI hydrogels because of thermochromic properties, avoiding thermal injuries during irradiation. In addition, no observed toxicity or skin irritation is observed for the PAI hydrogel. This work expands the category of iodine‐based bactericides for safe and controllable management of infected wounds.
Abstract 14493: BMPR2 Mutation, an Other Evidence That Cancer and Pulmonary Hypertension Can Be Linked Together
Authors: Valerie Nadeau, Eve Tremblay, Benoit Ranchoux, Marie-Claude Lampron, Frederic Perros, Pierre Hélie, Roxane Paulin, Olivier Boucherat, Steeve Provencher, Sebastien Bonnet
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: BMPR2 mutation is reported in 80% of familial PAH and 20% of idiopathic cases. Recently, a new rat model of hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) harboring a monoallelic b...
Helen Salisbury: Is presumed consent enough for sharing medical data?
Authors: Helen Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Helen Salisbury: Is presumed consent enough for sharing medical data? Helen Salisbury GPMedicine is usually an activity that involves consenting adults, or adults consenting on behalf of their children.Before surgical procedures, especially if the patient will be unconscious, we ask for written consent, but in most other situations verbal consent is enough.Sometimes it's sought informally ("Shall I examine you now?"), and sometimes consent is implied (for instance, by the patient climbing on a couch or rolling up a sleeve for a blood test).In these situations consent is presumed and, crucially, the patient can withdraw that consent at any time to stop the procedure.
Persistent symptoms after COVID-19 infection
Authors: I. Holtz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Introduction: In December 2019, the first cases of infection with a new betacoronavirus, SARS-COV-2, were identified in China. The clinical picture has a wide spectrum from asymptomatic to respiratory failure. The main initial symptoms are fever, dry cough, fatigue and dyspnea. Although there are several studies regarding the acute condition and treatment, little information exists about the monitoring and sequelae that remain after convalescence. Objective: To evaluate the persistent and new symptoms that appear after resolution of the acute infection in patients after COVID-19. Methodology: From September 03 to December 10, 2020, 86 patients were selected to participate in the study. These were submitted to a comprehensive medical evaluation with detailed history and physical examination;answered a specific questionnaire detailing the initial clinical picture and its evolution;and symptoms that remained or that arose after convalescence. Results: In our sample, 93% of patients affected by COVID-19 maintained symptoms after convalescence. Dyspnea is the main complaint of patients, present in 67% of cases, followed by chest pain (32%), fatigue (24%) and cough (19%). Conclusion: Post-COVID-19 patients may have persistent symptoms that can affect their quality of life , so further studies are needed to help understand the causes of chronic symptoms, therapeutic and rehabilitation in this population. Keywords: SARS-COV-2, COVID-19, chronic symptoms, sequelae.
A rare case of methemoglobinemia in a patient with COVID 19
Authors: A. Israni, C. Shah, U. Patel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Introduction: COVID-19 caused by SARS-COV-2 has spread worldwide infecting 76.9 Million global population and 1.7 Million people died, leading to an ongoing most fatal pandemic. It has shown to cause multi-organ involvement leading to various pathologies. We are discussing here a case of methemoglobinemia from an unknown cause in a patient with COVID-19. Description: 62 year old African American male with history of DM and HTN, visited the ER with a fever for one week along with generalized weakness and pleuritic chest pain. He was found to be COVID-19 positive on admission and was hypoxic requiring a low flow nasal cannula. Within 48 hours his condition deteriorated with worsening hypoxia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. He was initiated on Dexamethasone 6 mg IV daily, Remdesivir and Tocilizumab. He developed septic shock requiring vasopressin and oliguric acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy. He developed severe ARDS and was treated with a goal P: F ratio of <150 and placed in prone position. Serial ABG's showed a rising trend in the Meth Hb levels from 3.8 to 6.3. The secondary causes of methemoglobinemia including G6PD deficiency and inciting drugs were ruled out. He was administered a high dose of IV Vitamin C 1.5g Q6H for three days. Meth Hb levels trended down after starting vitamin C. Discussion: Normally, iron exists in the Fe+2 state. Oxidation of iron from fe+2 to fe+3 state leads to methemoglobinemia. The most common causes of acquired methemoglobinemia are exposure to oxidizing agents. Drugs reported include nitrates, nitrite derivatives, Sulfa drugs, local and topical anesthetics. In this case, the patient did not receive any of the above drugs (including hydroxychloroquine). He did receive dexamethasone, Remdesivir, and Tocilizumab. These medications could be a possible inciting factor. He had no history of sickle cell disease or G6PD deficiency. COVID-19 has presented the healthcare professionals with many challenging aspects in taking care of their patients with challenging pathophysiology along with complicated treatment plan and at times unfortunately without any answer. In this case, we were unable to identify the cause, which raised the possibility of coronavirus related hemoglobin changes. The mechanism remains unknown. The mechanism of methemoglobinemia in COVID-19 needs further research but we demonstrated that IV Vitamin C can be used to successfully manage such patients. Further investigation and retrospective analysis would be beneficial to see if COVID-19 is the causing factor in patients with methemoglobinemia.
Temporal stability of factors influencing driver-injury severities in single-vehicle crashes: A correlated random parameters with heterogeneity in means and variances approach
Authors: Chamroeun Se, Thanapong Champahom, Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao, Ampol Karoonsoontawong, Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha
Journal: Analytic Methods in Accident Research (2021)
Hooked on heart regeneration: the zebrafish guide to recovery
Authors: Katherine M Ross Stewart, Sophie L Walker, Andrew H Baker, Paul R Riley, Mairi Brittan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

While humans lack sufficient capacity to undergo cardiac regeneration following injury, zebrafish can fully recover from a range of cardiac insults. Over the past two decades, our understanding of the complexities of both the independent and co-ordinated injury responses by multiple cardiac tissues during zebrafish heart regeneration has increased exponentially. Although cardiomyocyte regeneration forms the cornerstone of the reparative process in the injured zebrafish heart, recent studies have shown that this is dependent on prior neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis, which in turn require epicardial, endocardial, and inflammatory cell signalling within an extracellular milieu that is optimized for regeneration. Indeed, it is the amalgamation of multiple regenerative systems and gene regulatory patterns that drives the much-heralded success of the adult zebrafish response to cardiac injury. Increasing evidence supports the emerging paradigm that developmental transcriptional programmes are re-activated during adult tissue regeneration, including in the heart, and the zebrafish represents an optimal model organism to explore this concept. In this review, we summarize recent advances from the zebrafish cardiovascular research community with novel insight into the mechanisms associated with endogenous cardiovascular repair and regeneration, which may be of benefit to inform future strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy after FOLFIRINOX: a Portuguese retrospective multicenter analysis
Authors: M. Neves, F. Alves, J. Barata, J. Graça, A. Matos, I. Eiriz, M. Vitorino, G. Nogueira-Costa, A. Coelho, M. Pinto, A. Martins
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Respiratory disease, and treatment / thematic poster session one-person bronchoscopy in COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation is safe and decreases exposure rate to hospital personnel
Authors: R. I. Bechara, S. Islam, E. Fountain, N. Gowda, S. Allen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Introduction and rationale:Many patients with COVID-19 are admitted to the intensive care units and require bronchoscopy for bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Historically, the bronchoscopist is accompanied with a technician and a nurse for the procedure. Fear of increasing personnel exposure has been concerning. We present our protocol to prevent exposure during bronchoscopy.Methods:Patients with COVID-19, on mechanical ventilation requiring bronchoscopy were selected between March 2020 and October 2020. Instead of having the whole bronchoscopy team involved, and need for decontamination of equipment post procedure, a disposable bronchoscope was used, and the bronchoscopist was the only person to perform the procedure.Results:A total of 94 bronchoscopies were performed mostly for the evaluation of non-resolving or worsening infiltrates and respiratory failure. All procedures were completed with a single operator in the room, and the use of topical anesthesia through the ETT. The procedure time was less than five minutes, there was no desaturation, no immediate complications, and all procedures were performed with the recommended safety precautions including masks and contact protection garment. Importantly, there was no operator conversion to positive COVID-19 status.Conclusion:we conclude that in patients with Covid-19 receiving mechanical ventilation, oneperson bronchoscopy procedure is highly effective, safe and decreases staff exposure to COVID-19 .
Derek Hall Teasdale
Authors: M G Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2021)

After pre-registration appointments, Derek Hall Teasdale was called up into the navy, where he served on various ships including the aircraft carrier HMS Indomitable . In 1943 he was seconded to naval hospitals in America.

After the war Derek returned to London to complete his surgical training. He was senior registrar to Mr N Tanner, from whom he developed his interest …