tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Karen H. Calhoun
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Some of the most exciting advances in otolaryngology—head and neck surgery during the past year have been new applications of fiberoptic technology. Traditional surgical techniques for the nose, paranasal sinuses, the airway, and the ear have been refined and improved. Transnasal endoscopic approaches for sinus surgery have been used for several years, and this surgery is becoming safer and more effective. In a recent series of 250 patients, 8.3% developed minor perioperative complications, with only 0.7% developing major complications. At 12-month follow-up, more than 80% of patients with chronic sinusitis had symptom relief.<sup>1</sup>The same type of transnasal endoscopic approach can be used for removal of antrochoanal polyps.<sup>2</sup> Surgery for refractory chronic sinusitis has been a difficult problem in children, in part because of the immature anatomy. The better visualization afforded by the endoscope permits safer, more effective pediatric sinus surgery. For example, transnasal endoscopic ethmoidectomy was performed
Medical aspects of transportation aboard commercial aircraft. AMA commission on emergency medical services
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improving the repopulation capacity of elderly human hepatocytes by decoding aging‐associated hepatocyte plasticity
Authors: Yun‐Zhong Nie, Yun‐Wen Zheng, Hideki Taniguchi
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

The loss of liver regenerative capacity is the most dramatic age-associated alteration. Because of an incomplete mechanistic understanding of the liver aging process, a successful therapeutic strategy to improve liver regeneration in the elderly has not been developed so far. Hepatocyte plasticity is a principal mechanism for producing new hepatocytes and cholangiocytes during regeneration. This study aims to promote the repopulation capacity of elderly hepatocytes by decoding the underlying mechanism about the regulation of aging on human hepatocyte plasticity.To understand the age-related mechanisms, we established a hepatocyte aging model from human-induced pluripotent stem cells and developed a method for ex vivo characterization of hepatocyte plasticity. We found that hepatocyte plasticity was gradually diminished with aging, and the impaired plasticity was caused by age-induced histone hypoacetylation. Notably, selective inhibition of histone deacetylases could markedly restore aging-impaired plasticity. Based on these findings, we successfully improved the plasticity of elderly primary human hepatocytes that enhanced their repopulation capacity in the liver injury model.This study suggests that age-induced histone hypoacetylation impairs hepatocyte plasticity, and hepatocyte plasticity might be a therapeutic target for promoting the regenerative capacity of the elderly liver.
Just Words
Authors: Alexander Gode
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correspondence
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Propranolol in Portal HypertensionTo the Editor: "Propranolol.. .canbe recommended for prevention of rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis who are otherwise in good condition".This was the conclusion of a controlled French clinical trial on prevention of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis (1).And one may think, "Taking the conclusions of this paper literally leads physicians logically to the immediate use of propranolol in cirrhotic patients who survive hemorrhage.. ."(2).However, this thought is not generalized
Erratum: Storm forecasting: additional lessons from the CD28 superagonist TGN1412 trial
Authors: Christopher Horvath, Laura Andrews, Andreas Baumann, Lauren Black, Diann Blanset, Joy Cavagnaro, Kenneth L. Hastings, David L. Hutto, Timothy K. MacLachlan, Mark Milton, Theresa Reynolds, Stan Roberts, Mark Rogge, Jennifer Sims, George Treacy, Garvin Warner, James D. Green
Journal: Nature reviews. Immunology (2012)
Artificial intelligence to detect malignant eyelid tumors from photographic images
Authors: Zhongwen Li, Wei Qiang, Hongyun Chen, Mengjie Pei, Xiaomei Yu, Layi Wang, Zhen Li, Weiwei Xie, Xuefang Wu, Jiewei Jiang, Guohai Wu
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

Malignant eyelid tumors can invade adjacent structures and pose a threat to vision and even life. Early identification of malignant eyelid tumors is crucial to avoiding substantial morbidity and mortality. However, differentiating malignant eyelid tumors from benign ones can be challenging for primary care physicians and even some ophthalmologists. Here, based on 1,417 photographic images from 851 patients across three hospitals, we developed an artificial intelligence system using a faster region-based convolutional neural network and deep learning classification networks to automatically locate eyelid tumors and then distinguish between malignant and benign eyelid tumors. The system performed well in both internal and external test sets (AUCs ranged from 0.899 to 0.955). The performance of the system is comparable to that of a senior ophthalmologist, indicating that this system has the potential to be used at the screening stage for promoting the early detection and treatment of malignant eyelid tumors.
Early Posttherapy Opioid Prescription, Potential Misuse, and Substance Use Disorder Among Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Xu Ji, Xin Hu, Katharine E Brock, Ann C Mertens, Janet R Cummings, Karen E Effinger
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Pediatric cancer survivors often have pain, which may be managed with opioids. We examined the prevalence of opioid prescriptions, potential misuse, and substance use disorders (SUDs) among pediatric cancer survivors during the first year posttherapy.Using MarketScan Commercial Database, we identified 8969 survivors (aged 21 years or younger at diagnosis) who completed cancer therapy in 2009-2018 and remained continuously enrolled for at least 1 year posttherapy and 44 845 age-, sex-, and region-matched enrollees without cancer as a comparison group. Outcomes included opioid prescriptions, any indicator of potential prescription opioid misuse, and SUDs within 1 year posttherapy. Outcomes were compared between survivors and noncancer peers in bivariate and adjusted analyses, stratified by off-therapy age (children: 0-11 years; adolescents: 12-17 years; young adults: 18-28 years). All statistical tests were 2-sided.A higher proportion of survivors than noncancer peers filled opioid prescriptions (children: 12.7% vs 2.0%; adolescents: 22.9% vs 7.7%; young adults: 26.0% vs 11.9%). In models adjusting for sociodemographic factors and health status, survivors remained 74.4%-404.8% more likely than noncancer peer to fill opioid prescriptions (P < .001). The prevalence of potential misuse or SUDs was low, with 1.4% of child, 4.7% of adolescent, and 9.4% of young adult survivors fulfilling at least 1 criterion; however, it was higher than noncancer peers (0.1%, 1.4%, and 4.3%, respectively). In adjusted models, the likelihood of potential misuse among survivors remained at least 2 times higher than that among noncancer peers (P < .001), and the difference in SUDs became nonstatistically significant.Statistically significantly higher rates of opioid prescriptions and potential misuse were found among pediatric cancer survivors within 1 year posttherapy as compared with peers without cancer.
Taking the Guesswork Out of Stopping TKIs
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2017)

Abstract More and more patients with chronic myeloid leukemia are discontinuing therapy after their cancer goes into remission, improving their quality of life and remaining disease-free for years. However, this strategy works only in a subset of patients. Researchers are attempting to refine criteria for discontinuing treatment, determine the manner in which therapy should be stopped, and identify prognostic biomarkers.
Neurogenic ulcer.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

the eclectics had higher scores for conservatism and toughmindedness, the difference did not reach significance.How- ever, they had a significantly greater tendency to favour physical treatments, as did the 19% of the whole group who did not use any form of psychotherapy.Though most of these results might be expected, they serve as a reminder that psychiatrists should be aware of associations between their social attitudes and the treatments they use.Disagreements, too, between psychiatrists about efficacy of various forms of treatment are not based on reason alone.They stem in part at least from deeper roots.Might not inquiries of this kind disclose useful categories in other fields-among surgeons, for example, or among general practitioners?
Amoxycillin levels in sputum, serum, and saliva
Authors: S. M. Stewart, I. M. E. Anderson, G. R. Jones, M. A. Calder, C. Pratt, M. G. G. Malcolm
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Stewart, Sheila M., Anderson, Isobel M. E., Jones, G. R., and Calder, Margaret A. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 110-114. <b>Amoxycillin levels in sputum, serum, and saliva.</b> The levels of amoxycillin in sputum, saliva, and serum from 22 patients were estimated. Fifteen patients had pneumonia and seven had acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. The drug was given orally in a dose of 500 mg four times daily. There was considerable variation in the levels in specimens from different patients. The mean sputum levels two to three hours and six hours after the dose were 0·52 and 0·53 μg/ml respectively. The mean two-hour saliva level was 0·32 μg/ml. The mean serum levels two and six hours after the test dose were 11·0 and 3·5 μg/ml respectively. The higher levels of amoxycillin were usually associated with the presence of more pus in the sputum. The mean levels of amoxycillin at comparable times were significantly greater than those found in a previous study after the same dose of ampicillin. Clinical response to treatment occurred more rapidly in those patients with sputum levels of 0·25 μg amoxycillin per ml or above than in those with lower levels. The time taken to clear potential pathogens from the sputum was related to the pathogen rather than to the amoxycillin level, <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> persisting for longer than <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae.</i>
Maladaptive trained immunity and clonal hematopoiesis as potential mechanistic links between periodontitis and inflammatory comorbidities
Authors: George Hajishengallis, Xiaofei Li, Kimon Divaris, Triantafyllos Chavakis
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)

Abstract Periodontitis is bidirectionally associated with systemic inflammatory disorders. The prevalence and severity of this oral disease and linked comorbidities increases with aging. Here, we review two newly emerged concepts, trained innate immunity (TII) and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), which together support a potential hypothesis on how periodontitis affects and is affected by comorbidities and why the susceptibility to periodontitis and comorbidities increases with aging. Given that chronic diseases are largely triggered by the action of inflammatory immune cells, modulation of their bone marrow precursors, the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), may affect multiple disorders that emerge as comorbidities. Such alterations in HSPCs can be mediated by TII and/or CHIP, two non‐mutually exclusive processes sharing a bias for enhanced myelopoiesis and production of innate immune cells with heightened proinflammatory potential. TII is a state of elevated immune responsiveness based on innate immune (epigenetic) memory. Systemic inflammation can initiate TII in the bone marrow via sustained rewiring of HSPCs, which thereby display a skewing toward the myeloid lineage, resulting in generation of hyper‐reactive or “trained” myeloid cells. CHIP arises from aging‐related somatic mutations in HSPCs, which confer a survival and proliferation advantage to the mutant HSPCs and give rise to an outsized fraction of hyper‐inflammatory mutant myeloid cells in the circulation and tissues. This review discusses emerging evidence that supports the notion that TII and CHIP may underlie a causal and age‐related association between periodontitis and comorbidities. A holistic mechanistic understanding of the periodontitis‐systemic disease connection may offer novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for treating inflammatory comorbidities.
The interaction of CD4+ helper T cells with dendritic cells shapes the tumor microenvironment and immune checkpoint blockade response
Authors: Merav Cohen, Amir Giladi, Oren Barboy, Pauline Hamon, Baoguo Li, Mor Zada, Anna Gurevich-Shapiro, Cristian Gabriel Beccaria, Eyal David, Barbara B. Maier, Mark Buckup, Iris Kamer, Aleksandra Deczkowska, Jessica Le Berichel, Jair Bar, Matteo Iannacone, Amos Tanay, Miriam Merad, Ido Amit
Journal: Nature Cancer (2022)
Single-cell and spatially resolved analysis uncovers cell heterogeneity of breast cancer
Authors: Si-Qing Liu, Zhi-Jie Gao, Juan Wu, Hong-Mei Zheng, Bei Li, Si Sun, Xiang-Yu Meng, Qi Wu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

The heterogeneity and the complex cellular architecture have a crucial effect on breast cancer progression and response to treatment. However, deciphering the neoplastic subtypes and their spatial organization is still challenging. Here, we combine single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) with a microarray-based spatial transcriptomics (ST) to identify cell populations and their spatial distribution in breast cancer tissues. Malignant cells are clustered into distinct subpopulations. These cell clusters not only have diverse features, origins and functions, but also emerge to the crosstalk within subtypes. Furthermore, we find that these subclusters are mapped in distinct tissue regions, where discrepant enrichment of stromal cell types are observed. We also inferred the abundance of these tumorous subpopulations by deconvolution of large breast cancer RNA-seq cohorts, revealing differential association with patient survival and therapeutic response. Our study provides a novel insight for the cellular architecture of breast cancer and potential therapeutic strategies.
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and asthma symptom score in the CONSTANCES cohort
Authors: Marion Keirsbulck, Marine Savouré, Emeline Lequy, Jie Chen, Kees de Hoogh, Danielle Vienneau, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Nicolas Roche, Rachel Nadif, Benedicte Jacquemin
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Background The asthma symptom score allows to consider asthma as a continuum and to investigate its risk factors. One previous study has investigated the association between asthma score and air pollution and only for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). We aimed to study the associations between particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ), black carbon (BC) and NO 2 and the asthma symptom score in adults from CONSTANCES, a French population-based cohort. Methods Asthma symptom score (range: 0–5) was based on the number of five self-reported symptoms of asthma in the last 12 months. Annual individual exposure to PM 2.5 , BC and NO 2 was estimated at participants’ residential address using hybrid land-use regression models. Cross-sectional associations of each pollutant with asthma symptom score were estimated using negative binomial regressions adjusted for age, sex, smoking status and socioeconomic position. Associations with each symptom were estimated using logistic regression. The effect of BC independent of total PM 2.5 was investigated with a residual model. Results Analyses were conducted on 135 165 participants (mean age: 47.2 years, 53.3% women, 19.0% smokers, 13.5% ever asthma). The ratio of mean score was 1.12 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.14), 1.14 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.16) and 1.12 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.14) per one IQR increase of PM 2.5 (4.86 µg/m 3 ), BC (0.88 10 −5 m −1 ) and NO 2 (17.3 µg/m 3 ). Positive and significant associations were also found for each asthma symptom separately. BC effect persisted independently of total PM 2.5 . Conclusion Exposure to each pollutant was associated with increased asthma symptom score in adults. This study highlights that BC could be one of the most harmful particulate matter components.
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of sickle cell disease
Authors: A. M. Brandow, R. I. Liem
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Sickle cell disease (SCD), which affects approximately 100,000 individuals in the USA and more than 3 million worldwide, is caused by mutations in the βb globin gene that result in sickle hemoglobin production. Sickle hemoglobin polymerization leads to red blood cell sickling, chronic hemolysis and vaso-occlusion. Acute and chronic pain as well as end-organ damage occur throughout the lifespan of individuals living with SCD resulting in significant disease morbidity and a median life expectancy of 43 years in the USA. In this review, we discuss advances in the diagnosis and management of four major complications: acute and chronic pain, cardiopulmonary disease, central nervous system disease and kidney disease. We also discuss advances in disease-modifying and curative therapeutic options for SCD. The recent availability of L-glutamine, crizanlizumab and voxelotor provides an alternative or supplement to hydroxyurea, which remains the mainstay for disease-modifying therapy. Five-year event-free and overall survival rates remain high for individuals with SCD undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant using matched sibling donors. However, newer approaches to graft-versus-host (GVHD) prophylaxis and the incorporation of post-transplant cyclophosphamide have improved engraftment rates, reduced GVHD and have allowed for alternative donors for individuals without an HLA-matched sibling. Despite progress in the field, additional longitudinal studies, clinical trials as well as dissemination and implementation studies are needed to optimize outcomes in SCD.
Busulphan lung
Authors: B. E. Heard, R. A. Cooke
Journal: Thorax (1968)

Histological changes attributable to busulphan were found at necropsy in the lungs of six out of 14 cases of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. The alveoli contained persistent fibrinous oedema converting to fibrous tissue, and also atypical cells. Only one out of seven controls with leukaemia showed fibrinous oedema, and atypical cells were absent. In the lungs from rare cases of fatal pulmonary fibrosis due to busulphan, the histological changes were similar but more severe. It is concluded that busulphan commonly causes fibrinous oedema in chronic granulocytic leukaemia and on rare occasions it becomes severe or persistent enough to cause fatal fibrosis of the lungs. The name busulphan lung is suggested for any of these changes. The term `intra-alveolar fibrosis9 should be used instead of `interstitial fibrosis9, as it had been called by most previous authors. Despite these findings we consider that this valuable drug should be discontinued only in those very rare instances when intra-alveolar fibrosis shows signs of becoming disabling.
The<i>Canadian Medical Association Journal</i>
Authors: Ruth Collins-Nakai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

This research review report (and its related Commentary article) is not related to the effects of prone restraint application in the field, primarily because all the reviewed studies' subjects were intubated and being mechanically ventilated.In Appendix 2 (pages 14-18 of this file), the authors identify the manner of prone positioning employed for the studies "where reported."Some subjects were in a position where the abdomen was "unrestrained, using cushions to support abdomen above bed surface."Some subjects were in a position where the abdomen was "restrained by direct contact with bed."But, many of the studies did not report the manner of prone positioning employed![I cannot imagine WHY presumably "intelligent" researchers would fail to consistently report such a vitally important position-related ventilation factor.]This file does, however, include SUMMARIES of the several prone-positioned studies reviewed by these authors:1.
Response to Comment on Oosterwijk et al. High-Normal Protein Intake Is Not Associated With Faster Renal Function Deterioration in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Analysis in the DIALECT Cohort. Diabetes Care 2022;45:35–41
Authors: Milou M. Oosterwijk, Dion Groothof, Gerjan Navis, Stephan J.L. Bakker, Gozewijn D. Laverman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)