tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Kidney Function on Relationships between Lifestyle Behaviors and Mortality or Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Pooled Cohort Analysis
Authors: Sarah J. Schrauben, Jesse Y. Hsu, Sandra Amaral, Amanda H. Anderson, Harold I. Feldman, Laura M. Dember
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Adherence to healthy behaviors reduces risks of cardiovascular disease and death in the general population. However, among people with kidney disease, a group at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, such benefits have not been established.We pooled data from three cohort studies with a total of 27,271 participants. Kidney function was categorized on the basis of eGFR (≥60, 45 to <60, and <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2). We used proportional hazard frailty models to estimate associations between healthy behaviors (not smoking, at recommended body mass index [BMI], physical activity, healthy diet, and moderate to no alcohol intake) and outcomes (all-cause death, major coronary events, ischemic stroke, and heart failure events).All recommended lifestyle behaviors were significantly associated with lower risks of death, regardless of eGFR. Not smoking (versus current) and any moderate to vigorous physical activity (versus none) was significantly associated with reduced risks of major coronary and heart failure events, regardless of eGFR. Any (versus no) moderate or vigorous physical activity significantly associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke events only among those with eGFR ≥60. Moderate to no daily alcohol intake (versus excessive) was significantly associated with an increased risk of major coronary events, regardless of eGFR. For heart failure events, a BMI of 18.5 to 30 associated with decreased risk, regardless of eGFR. Across all eGFR categories, the magnitude of risk reduction for death and all cardiovascular outcomes increased with greater numbers of recommended lifestyle behaviors.Recommended lifestyle behaviors are associated with lower risk of death and cardiovascular disease events among individuals with or without reduced kidney function, supporting lifestyle behaviors as potentially modifiable risk factors for people with kidney disease.
Body site distribution of pediatric-onset morphea and association with extracutaneous manifestations
Authors: Yvonne E. Chiu, Leonid Shmuylovich, Tina Kiguradze, Katelyn Anderson, Cathryn Sibbald, Megha Tollefson, Elaine Kunzler, Wynnis L. Tom, Kelsie Bond, Regina-Celeste Ahmad, Maria Teresa Garcia-Romero, Mahwish Irfan, Kaitlyn Kollman, Raegan Hunt, Sarah L. Stein, Lisa Arkin, Vivian Wong, Elena Pope, Heidi Jacobe, Heather A. Brandling-Bennett, Kelly M. Cordoro, Lionel Bercovitch, Stephanie M. Rangel, Xuerong Liu, Aniko Szabo, Amy S. Paller
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Variation in Use of High-Cost Technologies for Palliative Radiation Therapy by Radiation Oncologists
Authors: Aileen B. Chen, Jiangong Niu, Angel M. Cronin, Ya-Chen Tina Shih, Sharon Giordano, Deborah Schrag
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Understanding the sources of variation in the use of high-cost technologies is important for developing effective strategies to control costs of care. Palliative radiation therapy (RT) is a discretionary treatment and its use may vary based on patient and clinician factors.
Update on Blood Pressure Control Among US Adults With Hypertension
Authors: Lara C. Kovell, Colleen M. Harrington, Erin D. Michos
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
COVID-19 Pandemic and Telehealth: allergy patient perspectives in an urban, academic medical center
Authors: Darshil Patel, Andrea Pappalardo, Vanessa Harmon, Mary Pasquinelli, Julia Trosman, Christine Weldon, Sharmilee Nyenhuis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented need for telehealth. Studies exploring patient's perspective and access to telehealth technology are lacking. This study aims to assess the patient perspective on telehealth technology during the COVID pandemic. A survey was created by a multi-disciplinary team at an urban academic center which includes questions addressing patients' access and satisfaction with telehealth visits (phone and/or video). Survey was distributed to 346 patients in a mixed allergy/pulmonary outpatient clinic via email, text message, phone, or in-person. Data was analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Survey response rate was 22.5% (n=78). Respondents were middle-aged (mean=51.6 years), minority (68%) women (82%). All patients reported having phone access to complete telehealth visits; however, only 83% report access to a smartphone and 82% had access to a computer/tablet. Over half of patients previously used a video conferencing application (62%). Telehealth visits during the pandemic were deemed "acceptable" by over two-thirds of respondents, with 15% finding telehealth "unacceptable". Almost two-thirds of respondents had no concerns/barriers related to telehealth visits (63%), while only 27% had no concerns/barriers for in-person visits (p<0.01). This finding remained significant when COVID-19 was eliminated as concern (p= 0.02). In our study of urban, minority allergy patients, a majority of patients had access to at least one device to complete a telehealth visit. Patients encountered minimal barriers to telehealth technology and found these visits acceptable to complete their clinical encounter. Additional work is needed to determine how to incorporate allergy telehealth within and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Control of RNA Stability in Immunity
Authors: Shizuo Akira, Kazuhiko Maeda
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2021)

Posttranscriptional control of mRNA regulates various biological processes, including inflammatory and immune responses. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind cis-regulatory elements in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA and regulate mRNA turnover and translation. In particular, eight RBPs (TTP, AUF1, KSRP, TIA-1/TIAR, Roquin, Regnase, HuR, and Arid5a) have been extensively studied and are key posttranscriptional regulators of inflammation and immune responses. These RBPs sometimes collaboratively or competitively bind the same target mRNA to enhance or dampen regulatory activities. These RBPs can also bind their own 3' UTRs to negatively or positively regulate their expression. Both upstream signaling pathways and microRNA regulation shape the interactions between RBPs and target RNA. Dysregulation of RBPs results in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Here, we summarize the functional roles of these eight RBPs in immunity and their associated diseases.
Clinical impact of panel-based error-corrected next generation sequencing versus flow cytometry to detect measurable residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Authors: Nikhil Patkar, Chinmayee Kakirde, Anam Fatima Shaikh, Rakhi Salve, Prasanna Bhanshe, Gaurav Chatterjee, Sweta Rajpal, Swapnali Joshi, Shruti Chaudhary, Rohan Kodgule, Sitaram Ghoghale, Nilesh Deshpande, Dhanalaxmi Shetty, Syed Hasan Khizer, Hasmukh Jain, Bhausaheb Bagal, Hari Menon, Navin Khattry, Manju Sengar, Prashant Tembhare, Papagudi Subramanian, Sumeet Gujral
Journal: Leukemia (2021)

Abstract We accrued 201 patients of adult AML treated with conventional therapy, in morphological remission, and evaluated MRD using sensitive error-corrected next generation sequencing (NGS-MRD) and multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM-MRD) at the end of induction (PI) and consolidation (PC). Nearly 71% of patients were PI NGS-MRD + and 40.9% PC NGS-MRD + (median VAF 0.76%). NGS-MRD + patients had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of relapse ( p = 0.003), inferior overall survival ( p = 0.001) and relapse free survival ( p &lt; 0.001) as compared to NGS-MRD − patients. NGS-MRD was predictive of inferior outcome in intermediate cytogenetic risk and demonstrated potential in favorable cytogenetic risk AML. PI NGS-MRD − patients had a significantly improved survival as compared to patients who became NGS-MRD − subsequently indicating that kinetics of NGS-MRD clearance was of paramount importance. NGS-MRD identified over 80% of cases identified by flow cytometry at PI time point whereas FCM identified 49.3% identified by NGS. Only a fraction of cases were NGS-MRD − but FCM-MRD + . NGS-MRD provided additional information of the risk of relapse when compared to FCM-MRD. We demonstrate a widely applicable, scalable NGS-MRD approach that is clinically informative and synergistic to FCM-MRD in AML treated with conventional therapies. Maximum clinical utility may be leveraged by combining FCM and NGS-MRD modalities.
A Phase IV, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Center Study of Intranasal Budesonide Aqueous Spray for Treatment of Rhinitis During Periods of High Airborne Pollution
Authors: Yuan Zhang, Kerstin Wagner, Lili Zhang, Allan Joseph Larona, Xiaoyan Tian, Kathleen Franklin, Chengshuo Wang, Luo Zhang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Offline: COVID-19 and the convergence of nations
Authors: Richard Horton
Journal: The Lancet (2021)

It has become axiomatic that COVID-19 has worsened a range of inequalities within and between countries. Coronavirus-related mortality is higher in more materially deprived communities. If you live in crowded living conditions, your risk of contracting infection will be higher. And crowded living conditions are, of course, more commonly found in poorer areas among people with lower incomes. The risk of death is higher among those who are front-line workers, among those who are unable to enjoy the relative luxury of working from home.
Health care's response to climate change: a carbon footprint assessment of the NHS in England
Authors: Imogen Tennison, Sonia Roschnik, Ben Ashby, Richard Boyd, Ian Hamilton, Tadj Oreszczyn, Anne Owen, Marina Romanello, Paul Ruyssevelt, Jodi D Sherman, Andrew Z P Smith, Kristian Steele, Nicholas Watts, Matthew J Eckelman
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2021)

BackgroundClimate change threatens to undermine the past 50 years of gains in public health. In response, the National Health Service (NHS) in England has been working since 2008 to quantify and reduce its carbon footprint. This Article presents the latest update to its greenhouse gas accounting, identifying interventions for mitigation efforts and describing an approach applicable to other health systems across the world.MethodsA hybrid model was used to quantify emissions within Scopes 1, 2, and 3 of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, as well as patient and visitor travel emissions, from 1990 to 2019. This approach complements the broad coverage of top-down economic modelling with the high accuracy of bottom-up data wherever available. Available data were backcasted or forecasted to cover all years. To enable the identification of measures to reduce carbon emissions, results were disaggregated by organisation type.FindingsIn 2019, the health service's emissions totalled 25 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, a reduction of 26% since 1990, and a decrease of 64% in the emissions per inpatient finished admission episode. Of the 2019 footprint, 62% came from the supply chain, 24% from the direct delivery of care, 10% from staff commute and patient and visitor travel, and 4% from private health and care services commissioned by the NHS.InterpretationThis work represents the longest and most comprehensive accounting of national health-care emissions globally, and underscores the importance of incorporating bottom-up data to improve the accuracy of top-down modelling and enabling detailed monitoring of progress as health systems act to reduce emissions.FundingWellcome Trust.
VR-Caps: A Virtual Environment for Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Kağan İncetan, Ibrahim Omer Celik, Abdulhamid Obeid, Guliz Irem Gokceler, Kutsev Bengisu Ozyoruk, Yasin Almalioglu, Richard J. Chen, Faisal Mahmood, Hunter Gilbert, Nicholas J. Durr, Mehmet Turan
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2021)
The effects of cardiac stretch on atrial fibroblasts: analysis of the evidence and potential role in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Xixiao Li, Anna Garcia-Elias, Begoña Benito, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important clinical problem. Chronic pressure/volume overload of the atria promotes AF, particularly via enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation manifested as tissue fibrosis. Loading of cardiac cells causes cell stretch that is generally considered to promote fibrosis by directly activating fibroblasts, the key cell type responsible for ECM production. The primary purpose of this article is to review the evidence regarding direct effects of stretch on cardiac fibroblasts, specifically: (i) the similarities and differences among studies in observed effects of stretch on cardiac fibroblast function; (ii) the signalling pathways implicated; and (iii) the factors that affect stretch-related phenotypes. Our review summarizes the most important findings and limitations in this area and gives an overview of clinical data and animal models related to cardiac stretch, with particular emphasis on the atria. We suggest that the evidence regarding direct fibroblast activation by stretch is weak and inconsistent, in part because of variability among studies in key experimental conditions that govern the results. Further work is needed to clarify whether, in fact, stretch induces direct activation of cardiac fibroblasts and if so, to elucidate the determining factors to ensure reproducible results. If mechanical load on fibroblasts proves not to be clearly profibrotic by direct actions, other mechanisms like paracrine influences, the effects of systemic mediators and/or the direct consequences of myocardial injury or death, might account for the link between cardiac stretch and fibrosis. Clarity in this area is needed to improve our understanding of AF pathophysiology and assist in therapeutic development.
Role of Consolidation Durvalumab in Patients With EGFR- and HER2-Mutant Unresectable Stage III NSCLC
Authors: Jessica A. Hellyer, Jacqueline V. Aredo, Millie Das, Kavitha Ramchandran, Sukhmani K. Padda, Joel W. Neal, Heather A. Wakelee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Preliminary report of an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in mink and mink farmers associated with community spread, Denmark, June to November 2020
Authors: Helle Daugaard Larsen, Jannik Fonager, Frederikke Kristensen Lomholt, Tine Dalby, Guido Benedetti, Brian Kristensen, Tinna Ravnholt Urth, Morten Rasmussen, Ria Lassaunière, Thomas Bruun Rasmussen, Bertel Strandbygaard, Louise Lohse, Manon Chaine, Karina Lauenborg Møller, Ann-Sofie Nicole Berthelsen, Sarah Kristine Nørgaard, Ute Wolff Sönksen, Anette Ella Boklund, Anne Sofie Hammer, Graham J. Belsham, Tyra Grove Krause, Sten Mortensen, Anette Bøtner, Anders Fomsgaard, Kåre Mølbak
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2021)

In June-November 2020, SARS-CoV-2-infected mink were detected in 290 of 1,147 Danish mink farms. In North Denmark Region, 30% (324/1,092) of people found connected to mink farms tested SARS-CoV-2-PCR-positive and approximately 27% (95% confidence interval (CI): 25-30) of SARS-CoV-2-strains from humans in the community were mink-associated. Measures proved insufficient to mitigate spread. On 4 November, the government ordered culling of all Danish mink. Farmed mink constitute a potential virus reservoir challenging pandemic control.
Cooperative Targeting of Immunotherapy-Resistant Melanoma and Lung Cancer by an AXL-Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate and Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Julia Boshuizen, Nora Pencheva, Oscar Krijgsman, Daniela D'Empaire Altimari, Patricia Garrido Castro, Beaunelle de Bruijn, Maarten A. Ligtenberg, Elke Gresnigt-Van den Heuvel, David W. Vredevoogd, Ji-Ying Song, Nils Visser, Georgi Apriamashvili, Maarten L. Janmaat, Theo S. Plantinga, Patrick Franken, Mischa Houtkamp, Andreas Lingnau, Maria Jure-Kunkel, Daniel S. Peeper
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has shown remarkable clinical benefit in a subset of patients with melanoma and lung cancer, most patients experience no durable benefit. The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is commonly implicated in therapy resistance and may serve as a marker for therapy-refractory tumors, for example in melanoma, as we previously demonstrated. Here, we show that enapotamab vedotin (EnaV), an antibody–drug conjugate targeting AXL, effectively targets tumors that display insensitivity to immunotherapy or tumor-specific T cells in several melanoma and lung cancer models. In addition to its direct tumor cell killing activity, EnaV treatment induced an inflammatory response and immunogenic cell death in tumor cells and promoted the induction of a memory-like phenotype in cytotoxic T cells. Combining EnaV with tumor-specific T cells proved superior to either treatment alone in models of melanoma and lung cancer and induced ICB benefit in models otherwise insensitive to anti–PD-1 treatment. Our findings indicate that targeting AXL-expressing, immunotherapy-resistant tumors with EnaV causes an immune-stimulating tumor microenvironment and enhances sensitivity to ICB, warranting further investigation of this treatment combination. Significance: These findings show that targeting AXL-positive tumor fractions with an antibody–drug conjugate enhances antitumor immunity in several humanized tumor models of melanoma and lung cancer.
Elimination of covid-19: a practical roadmap by segmentation
Authors: Kentaro Iwata, Yuki Aoyagi
Journal: BMJ (2021)

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The use of hydroxychloroquine as a systemic treatment in erosive lichen planus of the vulva and vagina
Authors: H. A. B. Vermeer, H. Rashid, M. D. Esajas, J. M. Oldhoff, B. Horváth
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Erosive lichen planus affecting the vulva and vagina (ELPV) is a rare inflammatory skin disease, presenting with painful erosions and severe scarring.1 The disease course is persistent and often refractory to treatment: up to 45% patients do not experience remission with topical treatments, while evidence for systemic treatments remains scarce.2 Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is frequently used in daily practice as a first choice systemic therapy.3 However, little evidence is available on HCQ for ELPV.2 The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness and safety of HCQ in ELPV.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients' Voice: Preliminary Results from the Italian Substudy of Enestpath (CAMN107AIC05), Exploring the Emotional Experience of Patients in the Context of Treatment-Free Remission
Authors: Lidia Borghi, Fausto Castagnetti, Franca Falzetti, Massimiliano Bonifacio, Enrico Capochiani, Francesca Lunghi, Francesco Cavazzini, Sara Galimberti, Claudia Minotto, Ester Maria Orlandi, Simona Sica, Claudia Galimberti, Jens Haenig, Sharon Supekar, Michele Baccarani, Elena Vegni
Journal: Blood (2017)
SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are expressed in nasal, ocular, and oral tissues: implications for COVID-19 prophylaxes/therapeutics
Authors: Ivan Lee, Tsuguhisa Nakayama, Sizun Jiang, Yury Goltsev, Christian Schürch, Bokai Zhu, David McIlwain, Pauline Chu, Han Chen, Alexandar Tzankov, Matthias Matter, Jayakar Nayak, Garry Nolan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

Tissue tropism is one key to understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the ongoing severe acute respiratory disease pandemic COVID-19. We characterized the protein expression of the essential SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the critical SARS-CoV-2 entry factor, transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), in human aerodigestive and ocular tissues to gain insights into initial SARS-CoV-2-host interactions. Immunofluorescent staining was simultaneously performed on tissue microarrays consisting of normal human head & neck tissues. Tissues from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients were collected during autopsy. Imaging was performed using confocal microscopy, and quantification of fluorescent intensity was done using a custom open-source software in ImageJ. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein expression localize to a variety of human airway, ocular, and oral epithelial surfaces, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 has the capability to enter through all mucosal surfaces of the face. Notably, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are both very highly expressed in the motile cilia of the nasal mucosa. Finally, SARS-CoV-2 Spike transcripts are readily detected in the nasal epithelia of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. ACE2 & TMPRSS2 are expressed on nasal, ocular, and oral epithelial surfaces, and are notably present within the motile cilia of the airway. As breathing occurs primarily through the nasal passage, the dense motile cilia in the nasal epithelia are predicted to readily encounter SARS-CoV-2 during viral transmission and serve as a predominant initial/early site of infection. Prophylaxes and therapeutics for COVID-19 should, therefore, focus on a nasal route of administration. Similarly, proper eye protection should be worn during certain circumstances