tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 11394: Comparison Between Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support Course and a New Emergency Cardiovascular Care Course for Developing Countries
Authors: Fabricio Furtado, Manoel Canesin, Rodrigo Gonçalves, Dirceu Almeida, Iran Gonçalves, Sergio Timerman
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Training and cardiovascular emergency care (CEC) is different in developing countries from developed countries. Emergency medicine specialty in developing countries is not established without a large number of specialists and the Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support course (ACLS) is a very common course. Objective: To compare the ACLS with the Advanced Cardiovascular Emergency Training course (TECA) developed in Brazil according to the needs of local doctors. Both courses with 16 hours of training but the TECA adding more skills training time in Arrhythmia, Stroke, Acute Coronary Care (ACC) and Acute Heart Failure (AHF) in addition to the traditional training in cardiac arrest management (CAM). Methods: The study included the participation of 119 senior medical students divided into 2 groups: 56 students submitted to TECA training and 63 students submitted to the ACLS course. Both groups performed a mannequin simulated CAM skills evaluation care before and after participating in each course and a multiple-choice test after training. Performance in simulated scenario was compared through structured assessment score, time to onset of chest compression and time to perform defibrillation after collapse, as well as the number of correct answers in the multiple-choice assessment. Results: TECA group presented statistical higher grade than the ACLS group in the evaluation of the simulated case attendance (10,0 points (9,00-10,00) vs 9,0 (8,00-10,00) points; p&lt;0,001). There was no statistical difference between the groups in time to onset of chest compression (19,0 sec (16,25-23,00) vs 19,5 (15,75-25,25) sec; p = 0,500) and time to defibrillation (48,0 (39,00-53,00) sec vs 48,0 (39,00-55,00) sec; p = 0,740). TECA students had a better performance in questions related to AHF treatment (4,0 (3,00-4,00) vs 3,0 (2,00-3,00); p &lt; 0,001). There was no significant difference in the number of correct answers on arrhythmia, CAM, ACC and stroke. Conclusions: TECA course provided greater adherence to CAM care protocol, without prejudice to the time to start chest compression or time to defibrillation. In addition, it added training in AHF management, suggesting to be a good option for cardiac emergency care training in developing countries.
Error in Table 1
Authors: Fumiko Chino, Jordan Johnson, Haley Moss
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Laure Hirsch, MD; Nieves Martinez Chanza, MD, PhD; Subrina Farah, MS; Wanling Xie, MS; Ronan Flippot, MD; David A. Braun, MD, PhD; Nityam Rathi, BS; Jonathan Thouvenin, MD; Katharine A. Collier, MD; Emmanuel Seront, MD, PhD; Guillermo de Velasco, MD, PhD; Hannah Dzimitrowicz, MD; Benoit Beuselinck, MD; Wenxin Xu, MD; I. Alex Bowman, MD; Elaine T. Lam, MD; Bashar Abuqayas, MD; Mehmet Asim Bilen, MD; Andreas Varkaris, MD, PhD; Yousef Zakharia, MD; Michael R. Harrison, MD; Amir Mortazavi, MD; Philippe Barthélémy, MD, PhD; Neeraj Agarwal, MD; Rana R. McKay, MD; Priscilla K. Brastianos, MD; Katherine M. Krajewski, MD; Laurence Albigès, MD, PhD; Lauren C. Harshman, MD; Toni K. Choueiri, MD
Coronary Artery Calcium Versus Pooled Cohort Equations Score for Primary Prevention Guidance
Authors: Joseph B. Muhlestein, Kirk U. Knowlton, Viet T. Le, Donald L. Lappe, Heidi T. May, David B. Min, Kevin M. Johnson, Shanelle T. Cripps, Lesley H. Schwab, Shelbi B. Braun, Tami L. Bair, Jeffrey L. Anderson
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2021)
<i>QuickStats</i>: Percentage* of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Received an Influenza Vaccination in the Past 12 Months,<sup>†</sup> by Sex and Age Group — National Health Interview Survey,<sup>§</sup> United States, 2020
Authors: Amanda Ng
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Total 18-44 45-64 ≥65 Percentage Age group (yrs) * With 95% CIs indicated with error bars.† Based on a response to the question, "During the past 12 months, have you had a flu vaccination?"Annual calendar-year estimates of vaccinations differ from seasonal influenza vaccination totals, which reflect vaccinations obtained during the influenza season.§ Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population.During 2020, 43.7% of men and 51.9% of women aged ≥18 years received an influenza vaccination in the past 12 months, and the prevalence increased with age for both sexes.Among men, 32.7% aged 18-44 years, 43.7% aged 45-64 years, and 69.0%aged ≥65 years received an influenza vaccination.Among women, 42.0% aged 18-44 years, 51.1% aged 45-64 years, and 72.2% aged ≥65 years received an influenza vaccination.For each age group, women were more likely to have received an influenza vaccination compared with men.
Wilms tumour
Authors: Filippo Spreafico, Conrad V. Fernandez, Jesper Brok, Kayo Nakata, Gordan Vujanic, James I. Geller, Manfred Gessler, Mariana Maschietto, Sam Behjati, Angela Polanco, Vivian Paintsil, Sandra Luna-Fineman, Kathy Pritchard-Jones
Journal: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2021)

Wilms tumour (WT) is a childhood embryonal tumour that is paradigmatic of the intersection between disrupted organogenesis and tumorigenesis. Many WT genes play a critical (non-redundant) role in early nephrogenesis. Improving patient outcomes requires advances in understanding and targeting of the multiple genes and cellular control pathways now identified as active in WT development. Decades of clinical and basic research have helped to gradually optimize clinical care. Curative therapy is achievable in 90% of affected children, even those with disseminated disease, yet survival disparities within and between countries exist and deserve commitment to change. Updated epidemiological studies have also provided novel insights into global incidence variations. Introduction of biology-driven approaches to risk stratification and new drug development has been slower in WT than in other childhood tumours. Current prognostic classification for children with WT is grounded in clinical and pathological findings and in dedicated protocols on molecular alterations. Treatment includes conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy and surgery, and radiation therapy in some cases. Advanced imaging to capture tumour composition, optimizing irradiation techniques to reduce target volumes, and evaluation of newer surgical procedures are key areas for future research.
ITVT-01. 5-ALA PDT and Targeting MEK/ERK Signaling Elicits Synergistic Antitumor Effects in Diffuse Midline Glioma
Authors: Gabrielle Price, Daniel Rivera, Alexandros Bouras
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract Diffuse midline gliomas are highly invasive, unresectable tumors in children. To date, there is no effective treatment for DMG. Concurrent radiotherapy (RT) and systemic therapies, the standard of care, has only been successful in providing limited disease control. The major obstacle to therapy is the selectively permeable blood brain barrier (BBB) that limits systemic drug delivery. Given the unmet need for penetrant and minimally invasive DMG treatments, photodynamic therapy (PDT), with the precursor photosensitizing agent 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), is an oncologic treatment that holds promise. 5-ALA PDT of tumors occurs by targeting tumor cells that accumulate the 5-ALA metabolite, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), with 635 nm light to create deadly reactive oxygen species (ROS). We explore the synergism of 5-ALA PDT with the MEK inhibitor, trametinib, since the RAS/MEK signaling pathway regulates tumor cell proliferation and survival and has been shown to therapeutically enhance PDT in select carcinoma models. We demonstrated that sub-micromolar levels of 5-ALA PDT and nanomolar levels of trametinib successfully decrease cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in DMG cell lines. Cell viability assays revealed that drug response differs based on the histone mutation (H3.1 or H3.3) of the line. Mechanisms of decreased cell survival involves the generation of reactive oxygen species that induces programmed cell death. Through the use of a DMG genetically engineered mouse model, we also found 5-ALA PDT to induce apoptosis in vivo. The synergistic effects of MEK inhibition and 5-ALA PDT in vitro and apoptotic effects of 5-ALA PDT in vivo, highlights the potential therapeutic efficacy of this treatment modality.
Contents
Authors: Clair Enthoven, Jan Roelof, Timo Verzijden, J Willem, L Tideman, Nora Al-Jaffar, Pauline Jansen, Hein Raat, Lauwerens Metz, Virginie Verhoeven, Caroline Klaver, Indr_ Vasiliauskait_, Ruth Quilendrino, Lamis Baydoun, Korine Van Dijk, Gerrit Melles, Silke Oellerich, Angela Lu, Yuwei Sun, Travis Porco, Benjamin Arnold, Elisabeth Cohen, N Douglas Baker, Howard Barnebey, Marlene Moster, Michael Stiles, Steven Vold, Anup Khatana, Brian Flowers, Davinder Grover, Nicholas Strouthidis, Joseph Panarelli, Antonio Yaghy, Carol Shields, Vortex Ampulla, Patrick Murtagh, Mch Surg, Gareth O'dwyer, M Bch, Noel Bao, Amanda Maltry, Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Peter Tang, Paul Langer, Ada Deleon, James Liu, John Minkowski, Angela Scott
Journal: Ophthalmology (2021)
Longitudinal Reliability of Milestones-Based Learning Trajectories in Family Medicine Residents
Authors: Yoon Soo Park, Stanley J. Hamstra, Kenji Yamazaki, Eric Holmboe
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Longitudinal Milestones data reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) can be used to measure the developmental and educational progression of learners. Learning trajectories illustrate the pattern and rate at which learners acquire competencies toward unsupervised practice.To investigate the reliability of learning trajectories and patterns of learning progression that can support meaningful intervention and remediation for residents.This national retrospective cohort study included Milestones data from residents in family medicine, representing 6 semi-annual reporting periods from July 2016 to June 2019.Longitudinal formative assessment using the Milestones assessment system reported to the ACGME.To estimate longitudinal consistency, growth rate reliability (GRR) and growth curve reliability (GCR) for 22 subcompetencies in the ACGME family medicine Milestones were used, incorporating clustering effects at the program level. Latent class growth curve models were used to examine longitudinal learning trajectories.This study included Milestones ratings from 3872 residents in 514 programs. The Milestones reporting system reliably differentiated individual longitudinal patterns for formative purposes (mean [SD] GRR, 0.63 [0.03]); there was also evidence of precision for model-based rates of change (mean [SD] GCR, 0.91 [0.02]). Milestones ratings increased significantly across training years and reporting periods (mean [SD] of 0.55 [0.04] Milestones units per reporting period; P < .001); patterns of developmental progress varied by subcompetency. There were 3 or 4 distinct patterns of learning trajectories for each of the 22 subcompetencies. For example, for the professionalism subcompetency, residents were classified to 4 groups of learning trajectories; during the 3-year family medicine training period, trajectories diverged further after postgraduate year (PGY) 1, indicating a potential remediation point between the end of PGY 1 and the beginning of PGY 2 for struggling learners, who represented 16% of learners (620 residents). Similar inferences for learning trajectories were found for practice-based learning and improvement, systems-based practice, and interpersonal and communication skills. Subcompetencies in medical knowledge and patient care demonstrated more consistent patterns of upward growth.These findings suggest that the Milestones reporting system provides reliable longitudinal data for individualized tracking of progress in all subcompetencies. Learning trajectories with supporting reliability evidence could be used to understand residents' developmental progress and tailored for individualized learning plans and remediation.
Ontogeny and Vulnerabilities of Drug-Tolerant Persisters in HER2+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Chewei Anderson Chang, Jayu Jen, Shaowen Jiang, Azin Sayad, Arvind Singh Mer, Kevin R. Brown, Allison M.L. Nixon, Avantika Dhabaria, Kwan Ho Tang, David Venet, Christos Sotiriou, Jiehui Deng, Kwok-kin Wong, Sylvia Adams, Peter Meyn, Adriana Heguy, Jane A. Skok, Aristotelis Tsirigos, Beatrix Ueberheide, Jason Moffat, Abhyudai Singh, Benjamin Haibe-Kains, Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran, Benjamin G. Neel
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Resistance to targeted therapies is an important clinical problem in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. "Drug-tolerant persisters" (DTP), a subpopulation of cancer cells that survive via reversible, nongenetic mechanisms, are implicated in resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in other malignancies, but DTPs following HER2 TKI exposure have not been well characterized. We found that HER2 TKIs evoke DTPs with a luminal-like or a mesenchymal-like transcriptome. Lentiviral barcoding/single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that HER2+ breast cancer cells cycle stochastically through a "pre-DTP" state, characterized by a G0-like expression signature and enriched for diapause and/or senescence genes. Trajectory analysis/cell sorting shows that pre-DTPs preferentially yield DTPs upon HER2 TKI exposure. Cells with similar transcriptomes are present in HER2+ breast tumors and are associated with poor TKI response. Finally, biochemical experiments indicate that luminal-like DTPs survive via estrogen receptor-dependent induction of SGK3, leading to rewiring of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway to enable AKT-independent mTORC1 activation. DTPs are implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies, but their ontogeny and vulnerabilities remain unclear. We find that HER2 TKI-DTPs emerge from stochastically arising primed cells ("pre-DTPs") that engage either of two distinct transcriptional programs upon TKI exposure. Our results provide new insights into DTP ontogeny and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873.
Issue Information
Authors: Carlo Brugnara, Stephen Ansell, Barbara Bain, Olivier Bernard, Anna Falanga, Shaji Kumar, Elizabeth Nemeth, David Porter, Ayalew Tefferi, Angela Weyand, Maureeen Achebe, Natasha Archer, Michael Auerbach, Pablo Bartolucci, Amy Bei, Joel Bennett, Ananda Prasad, Michelle Bayman, John Wiley, Joe Tomaszewski, Sheeba Martin, C Printers, Pte Ltd, San Parul Bhargava, Giada Francisco, Alessandra Biffi, Gautam Borthakur, Elisa Houston, Oh Cincinnati, Dario Bunn, Jorge Castillo, Daniela Cilloni, Jorge Cortes, Stacy Croteau, Corey Cutler, Lydie Da Costa, Paola Dal Cin, Courtney Boston, Houston Dinardo, Manoj Duraisingh, Elihu Estey, Guido Finazzi, Robert Fleming, Lucia Louis, Angela Dispenzieri, Deborah Elstein, Israel Jerusalem, Robert Boston, Letizia Louis, Paolo Foroni, Noelle Fortina, Peter Gaines, Frederic Galacteros, Patrick Gallagher, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Beatrice Gee, Atlanta Ga, Saghi Ghaffari, New York, Mark Gladwin, Ivana Gojo, Jason Gotlib, Rachael Stanford, Jose Halperin, Jane Hankins, Elizabeth Hexner, John Higgins, Achille Iolascon, Elias Jabbour, Judith Houston, Eirini Karp, M Klimek, Marina Konopleva, Mark Houston, Robert Koury, Martha Lacy, Wilbur Lam, Francesco Lanza, Sophie Lanzkron, Mark Litzow, Alison Loren, Chris Lowrey, Franco Locatelli, Naomi Luban, Elisabet Manasanch, Mary Martin, Peter Marks, Anthony Mato, Janice Mcfarland, Christine Mclaren, Marc Michel, Caterina Minniti, Ann Mullally, Rakhi Naik, Valentina Nardi, Donna Neuberg, Ellis Boston, Bian Siok, Singapore Ng, Luigi Notarangelo, Enrico Novelli, Julie Panepinto, Animesh Pardanani, Melanie Percy, Alexander Perl, Elisa Piva, Olga Pozdnyakova, Rajiv Boston, Raffaele Pruthi, Linda Resar, Ran Reshef, Jean-Antoine Ribeil, Alicia Boston, Gail Rivera, New Roboz, Marco Ruggeri, Elisa Rumi, Vijay Sankaran, Giorgia Boston, Jodi Scapin, Dhvanit Segal, Akiko Shah, Amy Shimamura, Merav Sobota, Aliyah Socolovski, Martha Sohani, Martin Boston, Richard Steinberg, Jakub Stone, Marilyn Svoboda, Alberto Telen, Vicenza Tosetto, Italy Swee, Lay Thein, Venee Tubman, Lynne Houston, Celalettin Uhl, Srdan Ustun, Katja Houston, Stanford Weinacht, Olga Weinberg, Connie Westhoff, Clive Zent
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2021)

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Patients with COVID-19 had increased risk for acute MI and ischemic stroke at 14 d vs. matched controls
Authors: Lawrence Kanner, Aaron E. Glatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Source Citation Katsoularis I, Fonseca-Rodriguez O, Farrington P, et al. Risk of acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke following COVID-19 in Sweden: a self-controlled case series and matched cohort study. Lancet. 2021;398:599-607. 34332652
Biomaterial strategies for the application of reproductive tissue engineering
Authors: Xuemin Liu, Kai Wu, Liang Gao, Liping Wang, Xuetao Shi
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Human reproductive organs are of vital importance to the life of an individual and the reproduction of human populations. So far, traditional methods have a limited effect in recovering the function and fertility of reproductive organs and tissues. Thus, aim to replace and facilitate the regrowth of damaged or diseased tissue, various biomaterials are developed to offer hope to overcome these difficulties and help gain further research progress in reproductive tissue engineering. In this review, we focus on the biomaterials and their four main applications in reproductive tissue engineering: in vitro generation and culture of reproductive cells; development of reproductive organoids and models; in vivo transplantation of reproductive cells or tissues; and regeneration of reproductive tissue. In reproductive tissue engineering, designing biomaterials for different applications with different mechanical properties, structure, function, and microenvironment is challenging and important, and deserves more attention.
Abstract 14258: Modulation of Kynurenine Pathway to Prevent Brain Injury After Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Mice
Authors: Aurora Magliocca, Carlo Perego, Francesca Motta, Giulia Merigo, Francesca M Fumagalli, Edoardo Micotti, Roberto Latini, Giuseppe Ristagno
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Kynurenine pathway (KP) is emerging as one of the potential components affecting cardiac arrest (CA) outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of KP inhibition through genetic deletion of the rate-limiting enzyme of the KP, indoleamine-2,3-dyoxygenase (IDO) on survival and neurological outcome after CA. Methods and Results: Sixteen adult male wild-type (WT) and IDO-deleted (IDO -/- ) mice were subjected to 8 min untreated CA followed by resuscitation. At baseline heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) did not differ among groups. At the time of return of spontaneous circulation, 30 and 60 min later, MAP was higher in the IDO -/- group compared to the WT one (p=0.0005). IDO -/- mice showed higher survival compared to WT at 7 days after CA (68.5% in IDO -/- vs 37.5% in WT; log rank p=0.036). Neurological function was higher in IDO -/- than in WT mice during the 7 days following CA (p=0.0124). IDO -/- mice also showed an improved locomotor function compared to WT mice (p=0.037). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences showed a reduction in fractional anisotropy in the external capsule of the corpus callosum in WT mice compared to IDO -/- mice at 7 days after resuscitation (p=0.015). We then treated additional IDO -/- mice with L-kyn 15 min before CA, to revert the IDO -/- phenotype. Brain MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences and histological analysis were performed 24h after CA in WT, IDO -/- , and IDO -/- +L-Kyn mice. Brain MRI revealed restriction of water diffusivity 24h after CA in WT mice. IDO-deletion reduced water diffusion abnormalities while the beneficial effect was reverted in the L-kyn group (p=0.01). Degenerating neurons in the frontal cortex, represented as Fluoro-Jade B positive cells, were more numerous in WT compared to IDO -/- mice; L-kyn halted this IDO deletion-induced reduction in degenerating cells (p=0.05). Conclusion: KP inhibition improves survival and neurological outcome after CA. The neuroprotective effect of IDO-deletion was associated with preservation of brain white matter microintegrity and with reduction of cerebral cytotoxic edema. Reversal of these beneficial effects by L-kyn administration in IDO -/- mice further confirm the KP role in CA outcome.
Booster and Additional Primary Dose COVID-19 Vaccinations Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years — United States, August 13, 2021–November 19, 2021
Authors: Hannah E. Fast, Elizabeth Zell, Bhavini Patel Murthy, Neil Murthy, Lu Meng, Lynn Gibbs Scharf, Carla L. Black, Lauren Shaw, Terence Chorba, LaTreace Q. Harris
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) is highly effective at preventing hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster and additional primary dose COVID-19 vaccinations increase protection (1-3). During August-November 2021, a series of Emergency Use Authorizations and recommendations, including those for an additional primary dose for immunocompromised persons and a booster dose for persons aged ≥18 years, were approved because of reduced immunogenicity in immunocompromised persons, waning vaccine effectiveness over time, and the introduction of the highly transmissible B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant (4,5). Adults aged ≥65 years are at increased risk for COVID-19-associated hospitalization and death and were one of the populations first recommended a booster dose in the U.S. (5,6). Data on COVID-19 vaccinations reported to CDC from 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), and eight territories and freely associated states were analyzed to ascertain coverage with booster or additional primary doses among adults aged ≥65 years. During August 13-November 19, 2021, 18.7 million persons aged ≥65 years received a booster or additional primary dose of COVID-19 vaccine, constituting 44.1% of 42.5 million eligible* persons in this age group who previously completed a primary vaccination series.† Coverage was similar by sex and age group, but varied by primary series vaccine product and race and ethnicity, ranging from 30.3% among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native persons to 50.5% among non-Hispanic multiple/other race persons. Strategic efforts are needed to encourage eligible persons aged ≥18 years, especially those aged ≥65 years and those who are immunocompromised, to receive a booster and/or additional primary dose to ensure maximal protection against COVID-19.