tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of acute coronary artery occlusion on local myocardial extracellular K+ activity in swine.
Authors: J LHill, L SGettes
Journal: Circulation (1980)

We studied the time course, magnitude and homogeneity of the change in extracellular myocardial potassium activity after acute ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in pigs using potassium-sensitive electrodes made from a valinomycin-polyvinyl chloride matrix membrane. We also studied the relationship between the changes in potassium activity and the simultaneous changes in ventricular activation using the reference barrel of the K+ electrode to record ventricular electrograms. We found that the K+ rose sooner, more rapidly and to higher levels than previously reported. The K+ changes occurred in three phases: a phase of rapidly rising K+ that began within seconds of the ligation and lasted 5-15 minutes, a plateau phase that lasted approximately 15 minutes and a phase of slowly rising K+ that extended throughout the longest occlusion (60 minutes) used in this study. The K+ changes were reversed by release of the occlusion during the rapidly rising and plateau phases, but were not revers...
Amiodarone: clinical efficacy and toxicity in 96 patients with recurrent, drug-refractory arrhythmias.
Authors: R NFogoros, K PAnderson, R AWinkle, C DSwerdlow, J WMason
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Ninety-six patients with recurrent, drug-refractory tachyarrhythmias were treated with amiodarone for 8.0 +/- 7.5 months (range 1 day to 27 months): 77 for recurrent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF), two for complex ventricular ectopy, and 17 for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The actuarial incidence of successful amiodarone therapy was 52 +/- 7% at 12 months and 28 +/- 9% at 24 months for patients with VT/VF. Neither patient with complex ventricular ectopy was successfully treated. Among the patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, 64.7% were successfully treated for 7.7 +/- 7.6 months (range 1 to 22 months). Amiodarone toxicity occurred in 66 of 91 patients (72.5%) treated for more than 1 week. Fourteen patients had therapy-limiting toxicity. Of these 14, six had pulmonary toxicity, four had arrhythmia exacerbation, one had hepatitis, one had renal toxicity, one had rash, and one had erythema nodosum. The actuarial incidence of therapy-limiting side effects was 27 ...
A Doppler-two-dimensional echocardiographic method for quantitation of mitral regurgitation.
Authors: K JAscah, W JStewart, LJiang, J LGuerrero, J BNewell, L DGillam, A EWeyman
Journal: Circulation (1985)

A noninvasive method to accurately quantitate the severity of mitral insufficiency would be of major clinical value. In theory, in the absence of confounding variables, regurgitant mitral flow should represent the difference between forward mitral blood flow and aortic blood flow. Since Doppler-two-dimensional echocardiographic (D2DE) methods for measuring transvalvular mitral and aortic flow have been validated, it should be possible to use mitral and aortic flows derived by this method to calculate regurgitant mitral flow. To assess the validity and accuracy of this combined approach for quantitation of regurgitant flow, we developed an open-chest canine preparation in which we could simulate, vary, and accurately measure degrees of mitral regurgitation. Seven animals were anesthetized and prepared to allow controlled right heart output. Mitral regurgitation was than simulated by placing a flexible conduit incorporating a one-way valve and electromagnetic flowmeter between the left ventricular apex and ...
Novel insights into the electrophysiology of murine cardiac macrophages: relevance of voltage-gated potassium channels
Authors: Ana Simon-Chica, Marbely C Fernández, Eike M Wülfers, Achim Lother, Ingo Hilgendorf, Gunnar Seemann, Ursula Ravens, Peter Kohl, Franziska Schneider-Warme
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

Abstract Aims Macrophages (MΦ), known for immunological roles, such as phagocytosis and antigen presentation, have been found to electrotonically couple to cardiomyocytes (CM) of the atrioventricular node via Cx43, affecting cardiac conduction in isolated mouse hearts. Here, we characterize passive and active electrophysiological properties of murine cardiac resident MΦ, and model their potential electrophysiological relevance for CM. Methods and results We combined classic electrophysiological approaches with 3D florescence imaging, RNA-sequencing, pharmacological interventions, and computer simulations. We used Cx3cr1eYFP/+ mice wherein cardiac MΦ are fluorescently labelled. FACS-purified fluorescent MΦ from mouse hearts were studied by whole-cell patch-clamp. MΦ electrophysiological properties include: membrane resistance 2.2±0.1 GΩ (all data mean±SEM), capacitance 18.3±0.1 pF, resting membrane potential −39.6±0.3 mV, and several voltage-activated, outward or inwardly rectifying potassium currents. Using ion channel blockers (barium, TEA, 4-AP, margatoxin, XEN-D0103, and DIDS), flow cytometry, immuno-staining, and RNA-sequencing, we identified Kv1.3, Kv1.5, and Kir2.1 as channels contributing to observed ion currents. MΦ displayed four patterns for outward and two for inward-rectifier potassium currents. Additionally, MΦ showed surface expression of Cx43, a prerequisite for homo- and/or heterotypic electrotonic coupling. Experimental results fed into development of an original computational model to describe cardiac MΦ electrophysiology. Computer simulations to quantitatively assess plausible effects of MΦ on electrotonically coupled CM showed that MΦ can depolarize resting CM, shorten early and prolong late action potential duration, with effects depending on coupling strength and individual MΦ electrophysiological properties, in particular resting membrane potential and presence/absence of Kir2.1. Conclusion Our results provide a first electrophysiological characterization of cardiac resident MΦ, and a computational model to quantitatively explore their relevance in the heterocellular heart. Future work will be focussed at distinguishing electrophysiological effects of MΦ–CM coupling on both cell types during steady-state and in patho-physiological remodelling, when immune cells change their phenotype, proliferate, and/or invade from external sources.
Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of verapamin. Correlation with plasma drug concentrations.
Authors: L MMangiardi, R JHariman, R GMcAllister, VBhargava, BSurawicz, RShabetai
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Verapamil was administered intravenously to 30 open-chest dogs and the electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of the drug were correlated with the corresponding plasma concentrations. At concentrations below 152 ng/ml, verapamil prolonged the A-H interval, abolished ventriculoatrial conduction, but did not significantly change sinus rate, cardiac output, left ventricular dp/dt, of systemic vascular resistance. Concentrations above 200 ng/ml were associated with slowing of the sinus rat, high degree atrioventricular block during atrial pacing, 24% decrease in mean aortic pressure, and decreased cardiac output and left ventricular dp/dt. Sinus arrest, high degree atrioventicular block during sinus rhythm, decreased systemic vascular resistance and increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure occurred when plasma verapamil concentrations exceeded 400 ng/ml. These results show that plasma verapamil concentrations reliably reflect the electrophysiologic and hemodynamic actions of the drug, and that t...
Use of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT for Evaluation of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Before and After Cytoreductive Surgery
Authors: Liang Zhao, Yizhen Pang, Jihong Wei, Bing Hao, Haojun Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract A 55-year-old woman underwent 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT for tumor detection and staging under the prospective study NCT04416165. Both scans showed a mass lesion with increased tracer uptake in the pancreas. Moreover, 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed a greater number of abnormal foci in the mesentery and omentum than that shown with 18 F-FDG. These abnormal foci were suspected to be metastases from pancreatic cancer. The patient subsequently underwent a cytoreductive surgery, and postoperative histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of acinar cell carcinoma of pancreas. Follow-up 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT (3 months after surgery) showed an excellent response with decreasing 68 Ga-FAPI activity in the whole abdomen.
Keeping The Endoscopy Ship Afloat Against The First Wave Of Covid -19 -The Utilisation Of A Private Institution To Bolster Mmuh Gi Services During Covid-19
Authors: H Kerr, MC Byrne, J Cudmore, S Byrne, A Bohan, C Lahiff, Z Galvin, B Kelleher, J Leyden, S Stewart, P Mac Mathuna, G Bennett
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims During COVID-19, guidelines for performance of endoscopy meant procedure numbers were significantly curtailed. From April-June 2020, the Health Authorities in Ireland procured private hospitals for public use.
Short- and long-term effects of transcatheter ablation of the coronary sinus by radiofrequency energy.
Authors: S KHuang, A RGraham, SBharati, M ALee, GGorman, MLev
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Catheter ablation of left-sided atrioventricular accessory pathways through the coronary sinus by direct-current shock may be complicated by rupture and thrombosis of the coronary sinus and injury to the coronary arteries. This study examined short and long-term effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation of the coronary sinus in 20 closed-chest dogs to determine whether this technique is feasible for potential interruption of left-sided accessory pathways. Single-pulsed radiofrequency energy (750 kHz, 85-293 J) was delivered to three sites in the distal and middle coronary sinus between the distal (1) or the proximal electrodes (2 or 3) of a standard 6 French quadripolar catheter and a chest-wall patch electrode. Single-pulsed radiofrequency energy (78-293 J) was also applied to two sites near the ostium of the coronary sinus with the proximal (4) or the distal (1) electrode of the same catheter. Coronary artery and levophase coronary sinus angiograms obtained before and immediately after ablation, as we...
Urolithin A improves muscle function by inducing mitophagy in muscular dystrophy
Authors: Peiling Luan, Davide D’Amico, Pénélope A. Andreux, Pirkka-Pekka Laurila, Martin Wohlwend, Hao Li, Tanes Imamura de Lima, Nicolas Place, Chris Rinsch, Nadège Zanou, Johan Auwerx
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

The mitophagy inducer urolithin A reverts muscular dystrophies.
Alterations in muscarinic K+ channel response to acetylcholine and to G protein-mediated activation in atrial myocytes isolated from failing human hearts.
Authors: SKoumi, C EArentzen, C LBacker, J AWasserstrom
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDA variety of previous studies have demonstrated reduced diastolic potential and electrical activity in atrial specimens from patients with heart disease. Although K+ channels play a major role in determining resting membrane potential and repolarization of the action potential, little is known about the effects of preexisting heart disease on human atrial K+ channel activity.METHODS AND RESULTSWe characterized the inwardly rectifying K+ channel (IKI) and the muscarinic K+ channel [IK(ACh)] in atrial myocytes isolated from patients with heart failure (HF) and compared electrophysiological characteristics with those from donors (control) by the patch-clamp technique. Resting membrane potentials of isolated atrial myocytes from HF were more depolarized (-51.1 +/- 9.7 mV, mean +/- SD, n = 30 patients) than those from donors (-73.0 +/- 7.2 mV, n = 4 patients, P < .001). The action potential duration in HF was longer than that in donors. Although acetylcholine (ACh) shortened the action potential, red...
WITHDRAWN: Tumor B7-H3 (CD276) expression and smoking history in relation to lung adenocarcinoma prognosis
Authors: Kentaro Inamura, Yusuke Yokouchi, Maki Kobayashi, Rie Sakakibara, Hironori Ninomiya, Sophia Subat, Hiroko Nagano, Kimie Nomura, Sakae Okumura, Tomoko Shibutani, Yuichi Ishikawa
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2016)
Characterization of ventricular fibrillation based on monophasic action potential morphology in the human heart.
Authors: J FSwartz, J LJones, R DFletcher
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDRecent studies examining mechanisms of defibrillation have focused on prolongation of graded cellular response duration during refractory period stimulation. This mechanism assumes that defibrillation shocks interact with ventricular cells during the process of repolarization.METHODS AND RESULTSTo test this assumption, we examined monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from 171 episodes of induced ventricular dysrhythmia associated with loss of systemic perfusion pressure in 22 patients undergoing nonthoracotomy defibrillator implantation. Ventricular fibrillation (VF)/polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT), defined by an irregular limb lead I morphology, was present in 156 dysrhythmia episodes. Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT), present in the remaining 15 episodes, was associated with regular limb lead morphology. All episodes were examined for MAP cycle length, variation, fractionation, and repolarization. VF/PVT cycle length was 215 +/- 28 msec, with a 14 +/- 7% (33 +/- 20-msec) cycle...
Comment on Home et al. Insulin Therapy in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Opportunities and Challenges? Diabetes Care 2014;37:1499–1508
Authors: Ignacio Conget, Ronnie Aronson, Scott Lee, Ohad Cohen, Yves Reznik
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We have read the article recently published by Home et al. (1). This report conveys an important perspective on insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes by a working party of diabetes specialists and comments on optimal insulin management of individuals with this condition. The purpose of this group was to summarize the current published data and review the “evidence and circumstances in which insulin can be used” and “consider individualized choices of alternatives and combination regimens” (1). However, as the emergence of clinical evidence can be fluid and dynamic, the omission of significant new findings from very recent studies might occur. This occurred with the present article as concurrent with its publication a late-breaking study on the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in people with type 2 diabetes was presented at the American Diabetes Association 2014 Scientific Sessions in San Francisco and recently published online in The Lancet …
Intravenous nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: J TFlaherty, P RReid, D TKelly, D RTaylor, M LWeisfeldt, BPitt
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Vasodilator therapy has been shown to improve ventricular function in patients with left ventricular failure complicating acute myocardial infarction. Sublingual nitroglycerin also improves ventricular function in these patients but its effects are transient and variable. Infusion of intravenous nitroglycerin in 12 patients with acute infarction resulted in a decrease in left ventricular filling pressure from a mean of 22 plus or minus 2 mm Hg to 12 plus or minus 1 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) associated with a 7 mm Hg decrease in mean arterial pressure (P less than 0.05). Since stroke work index did not change significantly, this represents and improvement in ventricular performance and/or an alteration in ventricular compliance. All six patients in whom serial precordial mapping studies were performed showed a decrease in sigma ST (P less than 0.001). These findings suggest that intravenous nitroglycerin improved left ventricular function and decreased the extent of myocardial ischemia. Longer infusion may...
Combination balloon-ultrasound imaging catheter for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Validation of imaging, analysis of recoil, and identification of plaque fracture.
Authors: J MIsner, KRosenfield, D WLosordo, LRose, R ELangevin, SRazvi, B DKosowsky
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDWe investigated the hypothesis that an ultrasound transducer positioned within an angioplasty balloon could be used to perform quantitative assessment of arterial dimensions before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and to identify certain mechanical alterations consequent to PTA, including vascular wall recoil and the initiation of plaque fractures.METHODS AND RESULTSA combination balloon-ultrasound imaging catheter (BUIC) that houses a 20-MHz ultrasound transducer within and halfway between the proximal and distal ends of an angioplasty balloon was used to perform PTA in 10 patients with peripheral vascular disease. Each PTA site was also evaluated before and after PTA by standard (nonballoon) intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) technique. In eight patients in whom satisfactory images were recorded with the BUIC before PTA, luminal cross-sectional area (XSA) of stenotic sites (0.10 +/- 0.01 cm2) did not differ significantly from measurements of XSA by IVUS (0.09 +/- 0.01 cm2, p ...
Congenital mitral stenosis. A review of 20 years' experience.
Authors: R LCollins-Nakai, ARosenthal, A RCastaneda, W FBernhard, A SNadas
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The clinical course of 38 patients with congenital mitral stenosis (MS) is reviewed. Associated cardiac defects were present in 28 patients, including tetralogy of Fallot in five. In all but one of the eight patients with supravalvar mitral ring (SVR), there were concomitant abnormalities of the mitral valve. Delay in the diagnosis of MS was common. Serial cardiac catheterizations and pulmonary pathologic examination indicated that pulmonary vascular obstructive disease develops during childhood. Mitral valve surgery was performed in 19 of 38 patients: valvotomy alone in eight, excision of SVR in five (two ofwhom also had valvotomy) and mitral valve replacemtnt in seven. Additional non-mitral cardiac surgery was performed in 18 patients. Overall surgical mortality was 49%; mortality for surgery on the mitral valve was 26%. Only patients having mitral valve replacement or with isolated SVR which was then resected became asymptomatic and had normal hemodynamics on postoperative catheterization.
Electrophysiologic and anatomic basis for fractionated electrograms recorded from healed myocardial infarcts.
Authors: P IGardner, P CUrsell, J JFenoglio, A LWit
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The electrophysiologic and anatomic basis for fractionated electrograms were investigated in superfused epicardial preparations from infarcted canine hearts. Fractionated bipolar electrograms were frequently recorded in preparations from infarcts 2 weeks to 18 months old but only rarely in preparations from 5-day-old infarcts. The fractionated electrograms were not caused by movement artifacts. They were not associated with depressed transmembrane resting or action potentials (which were found in the 5-day-old infarcts), but rather transmembrane potentials recorded in the vicinity of the bipolar electrodes were normal. Despite the normal transmembrane potentials, activation time in regions where fractionated electrograms occurred was prolonged. However, prolonged activation time by itself did not cause fractionation, since fractionated electrograms were not recorded from normal preparations in which conduction was markedly slowed by a superfusate containing 16 mM potassium and epinephrine. Unipolar electr...
The Gut Microbiome in Hypertension
Authors: Ellen G. Avery, Hendrik Bartolomaeus, Andras Maifeld, Lajos Marko, Helge Wiig, Nicola Wilck, Stephan P. Rosshart, Sofia K. Forslund, Dominik N. Müller
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

The pathogenesis of hypertension is known to involve a diverse range of contributing factors including genetic, environmental, hormonal, hemodynamic and inflammatory forces, to name a few. There is mounting evidence to suggest that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the development and pathogenesis of hypertension. The gastrointestinal tract, which houses the largest compartment of immune cells in the body, represents the intersection of the environment and the host. Accordingly, lifestyle factors shape and are modulated by the microbiome, modifying the risk for hypertensive disease. One well-studied example is the consumption of dietary fibers, which leads to the production of short-chain fatty acids and can contribute to the expansion of anti-inflammatory immune cells, consequently protecting against the progression of hypertension. Dietary interventions such as fasting have also been shown to impact hypertension via the microbiome. Studying the microbiome in hypertensive disease presents a variety of unique challenges to the use of traditional model systems. Integrating microbiome considerations into preclinical research is crucial, and novel strategies to account for reciprocal host-microbiome interactions, such as the wildling mouse model, may provide new opportunities for translation. The intricacies of the role of the microbiome in hypertensive disease is a matter of ongoing research, and there are several technical considerations which should be accounted for moving forward. In this review we provide insights into the host-microbiome interaction and summarize the evidence of its importance in the regulation of blood pressure. Additionally, we provide recommendations for ongoing and future research, such that important insights from the microbiome field at large can be readily integrated in the context of hypertension.
Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a report from the NHLBI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial.
Authors: D OWilliams, JBorer, EBraunwald, J HChesebro, L SCohen, JDalen, H TDodge, C KFrancis, GKnatterud, PLudbrook
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The efficacy and safety of a 3 hr, 80 mg intravenous infusion of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) were investigated in 47 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography, performed before the administration of rt-PA and for 90 min thereafter, demonstrated that 37 patients had total coronary occlusion before therapy. After 90 min of rt-PA (50 mg), reperfusion of the infarct-related artery was observed in 25 patients (68%). Continuous infusions of heparin for anticoagulation were administered for 8 to 10 days. Of 36 patients who underwent follow-up coronary cineangiography, 21 had initially presented with total occlusion and had experienced reperfusion at 90 min. Sustained perfusion of the infarct-related artery was observed in 14 (67%) of these 21 initially reperfused patients. Late angiography was performed in nine patients who initially demonstrated subtotal occlusion of the infarct-related artery; sustained perfusion was observed in eight (89%). Significant bleeding ...
Ulcer and Gastritis
Authors: J. C. Wu, J. J. Sung
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

The literature on peptic ulcer and gastritis in 2000 again focused on the topics of Helicobacter pylori, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and gastric cancer. New diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection have been evaluated, and rescue therapies for failed H. pylori eradication have been tested. The causal relationship between H. pylori infection and nonulcer dyspepsia, gastric cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and NSAID-related ulcers remained heated topics of debate. In 2000, landmark clinical trials and meta-analyses were published addressing these issues. The role of endoscopy in managing nonulcer dyspepsia was better defined. The role of H. pylori eradication in NSAID/aspirin users was reexamined in high-risk patients. Clinical benefit was finally confirmed for specific inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The millennium year turned out to be a very important one in the advancement of knowledge in this field.