tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stroke
Authors: Russel H. Patterson
Journal: Ophthalmology (1988)

The Ischemic Ocular Disease symposium will begin with an introduction of Russel Patterson, who will give the Parker Heath Memorial Lecture. Dr. Patterson is Chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery at Cornell New York Hospital. He has had a abiding interest in not only the surgical, but also the medical management of cardiovascular disease and carotid artery disease. His scientific credentials are clear. The usual more than 100 scientific articles, book chapters, and the like. In addition, he is the past President of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (the Harvey Cushing Society) as well as the American Academy of Neurological Surgeons. And his AMA tickets are also in order. He currently serves as Chairman of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association. One additional tidbit-he was Vice Chairman of the American Board of Neurological Surgeons. So, I think you can see we are wired in here to a neurosurgical establishment figure. One final personal note. When Russel Patterson was an awesome neurosurgery resident, I was an impressionable medical student. I can tell you firsthand, he was great from the beginning. The Ischemic Ocular Disease symposium will begin with an introduction of Russel Patterson, who will give the Parker Heath Memorial Lecture. Dr. Patterson is Chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery at Cornell New York Hospital. He has had a abiding interest in not only the surgical, but also the medical management of cardiovascular disease and carotid artery disease. His scientific credentials are clear. The usual more than 100 scientific articles, book chapters, and the like. In addition, he is the past President of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (the Harvey Cushing Society) as well as the American Academy of Neurological Surgeons. And his AMA tickets are also in order. He currently serves as Chairman of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the American Medical Association. One additional tidbit-he was Vice Chairman of the American Board of Neurological Surgeons. So, I think you can see we are wired in here to a neurosurgical establishment figure. One final personal note. When Russel Patterson was an awesome neurosurgery resident, I was an impressionable medical student. I can tell you firsthand, he was great from the beginning.
Making clinical decisions based on measurable residual disease improves the outcome in multiple myeloma
Authors: Joaquin Martinez-Lopez, Rafael Alonso, Sandy W. Wong, Rafael Rios, Nina Shah, Yanira Ruiz-Heredia, Jose Maria Sanchez-Pina, Ricardo Sanchez, Natasha Bahri, Irene Zamanillo, Maria Poza, Natalia Buenache, Cristina Encinas, Luis Juarez, Fatima Miras, Luis Collado, Santiago Barrio, Thomas Martin, Maria Teresa Cedena, Jeffrey Wolf
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2021)

The assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow has proven of prognostic relevance in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Nevertheless, and unlike other hematologic malignancies, the use of MRD results to make clinical decisions in MM has been underexplored to date. In this retrospective study, we present the results from a multinational and multicenter series of 400 patients with MRD monitoring during front-line therapy with the aim of exploring how clinical decisions made based on those MRD results affected outcomes. As expected, achievement of MRD negativity at any point was associated with improved PFS versus persistent MRD positivity (median PFS 104 vs. 45 months, p < 0.0001). In addition, however, 67 out of 400 patients underwent a clinical decision (treatment discontinuation, intensification or initiation of a new therapy) based on MRD results. Those patients in whom a treatment change was made showed a prolonged PFS in comparison with those 333 patients in which MRD results were not acted upon (respectively, mPFS 104 vs. 62 months, p = 0.005). In patients who achieved MRD negativity during maintenance (n = 186) on at least one occasion, stopping therapy in 24 patients vs. continuing in 162 did not alter PFS (mPFS 120 months vs. 82 months, p = 0.1). Most importantly, however, in patients with a positive MRD during maintenance (n = 214), a clinical decision (either intensification or change of therapy) (n = 43) resulted in better PFS compared to patients in whom no adjustment was made (n = 171) (mPFS NA vs. 39 months, p = 0.02). Interestingly, there were no significant differences when MRD was assessed by flow cytometry or by next-generation sequencing. Herein, we find that MRD is useful in guiding clinical decisions during initial therapy and has a positive impact on PFS in MM patients. This potentially opens a new dimension for the use of MRD in MM, but this role still remains to be confirmed in prospective, randomized clinical trials.
Further RISE’ing to the Challenge of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth
Authors: Klara R. Klein, John B. Buse
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

Despite three decades of increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adolescents (1), the diabetes community continues to grapple with the pathophysiology of youth-onset T2D. Accumulating evidence indicates that when compared with T2D in adults, T2D in youth follows a more aggressive course (2–4). Adolescents are therefore entering adulthood with an advanced and perhaps misunderstood disease that puts them at risk for morbidity from micro- and macrovascular complications. Moreover, as the susceptibility of individuals with diabetes to poor outcomes during the coronavirus pandemic became increasingly apparent (5), the urgency to address the health crisis of T2D in youth has been amplified.

The Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) study, designed in 2014, tested interventions in both adolescents and adults to determine whether β-cell decline could be halted in people with prediabetes or early T2D (6). The primary analyses were overall disheartening regarding slowing the progression of T2D in youth (7–12). However, the RISE study provides the most direct opportunity yet to examine differences between T2D in youth and adults. In this issue of Diabetes Care , the RISE Consortium delivers three articles that offer mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of T2D and potentially a path forward for the treatment of T2D in youth (13–15). A summary of these articles is presented in Table 1 and discussed in subsequent paragraphs.

View this table:

Table 1 
Summary of RISE papers in this issue



RISE was predicated on the critical role of progressive β-cell decline in the pathogenesis of T2D, where β-cell dysfunction results in excessive glucose and fatty acid exposure, termed glucolipotoxicity (6). Glucolipotoxicity coupled with insulin resistance compounds β-cell stress and contributes to β-cell failure. Previous data in adults suggest that early intensive intervention may delay β-cell dysfunction and slow the course of T2D (16–18). Prior to RISE, no …
One-step closer to solve the mystery of predicting disease progression in systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease?
Authors: Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold, Michael Kreuter
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent organ manifestation in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.1 The severity and disease course vary widely from mild and stable disease to severe and rapidly progressing.2 Early detection of ILD and prediction of disease progression are key in the management of SSc-ILD, as any ILD in SSc is associated with reduced long-term outcome especially in case of disease progression.1 There has been substantial progress in the treatment of this devastating condition, but allocation of the right treatment at the right time for any given individual with SSc-ILD remains challenging. While several risk factors for ILD progression in SSc have been identified in the past, the predictive ability of single factors is very moderate.3 Combination of different risk factors such as early disease, increased inflammatory markers, recent skin progression and the diffuse cutaneous SSc subset have been shown to improve the identification of patients at risk of progression.3 However, a high unmet need still exists to specifically identify the individual patient with SSc-ILD who is at risk of progressive disease, to initiate treatment early, to prevent progression and to avoid irreversible …
Contemporary Left Ventricular Assist Device Outcomes in an Aging Population
Authors: Dominic Emerson, Joanna Chikwe, Pedro Catarino, Mohamed Hassanein, Luqin Deng, Ryan S. Cantor, Amy Roach, Robert Cole, Fardad Esmailian, Jon Kobashigawa, Jaime Moriguchi, James K. Kirklin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Association of Inclusion of More Black Individuals in Lung Cancer Screening With Reduced Mortality
Authors: Ashley E. Prosper, Kosuke Inoue, Kathleen Brown, Alex A.T. Bui, Denise Aberle, William Hsu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> The potential to achieve greater reductions in lung cancer mortality than originally estimated by the National Lung Screening Trial with the inclusion of more Black participants stresses the importance of improving access to lung cancer screening for Black current and former smokers, a population presently with the highest lung cancer morbidity and mortality. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate lung cancer and all-cause mortality reductions achievable with lung cancer screening via low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of the chest in populations with greater proportions of Black screening participants than seen in the original NLST cohort. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study was conducted as a secondary analysis of existing data from the National Lung Screening Trial, a large national randomized clinical trial conducted from 2002 through 2009. NLST participants were current or former smokers, aged between 55 and 74 years, with at least 30 pack-years of smoking history and less than 15 years since quitting. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of lung cancer mortality and all-cause mortality according to LDCT screening compared with chest radiograph screening. Using a transportability formula, we estimated outcomes for LDCT screening among hypothetical populations by varying the distributions of Black individuals, women, and current smokers. Data were analyzed between September 2020 and March 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Lung screening with LDCT of the chest compared with chest radiography. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Lung cancer mortality and all-cause mortality. <h3>Results</h3> This study included a total of 53 452 participants enrolled in the NLST. Of 2376 Black individuals and 51 076 non-Black individuals, 21 922 (41.0%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 61.4 (5.0) years. Over a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 6.7 (6.2-7.0) years, LDCT screening among the synthesized population with a higher proportion of Black individuals (13.4%, mirroring US Census data) was associated with a greater relative reduction of lung cancer mortality (eg, Black individuals: HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72-0.92; vs entire NLST cohort: HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76–0.96). Further reductions in lung cancer mortality by LDCT screening were found among a hypothetical population with a higher proportion of men or current smokers, along with a higher proportion of Black individuals (ie, 60% Black participants; 20% to 40% women) (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48-0.97). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The potential to achieve greater reductions in lung cancer mortality than originally estimated by the NLST with the inclusion of more Black participants stresses the critical importance of improving access to lung cancer screening for Black current and former smokers.
Covid-19: Children born during the pandemic score lower on cognitive tests, study finds
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

<h3>Objective</h3> To assess clinicopathological predictors and prognosis in early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in Lynch syndrome with comparison to patients diagnosed from age 40 and up. <h3>Design</h3> National, retrospective register-based case–control study. <h3>Setting</h3> Danish national hereditary CRC register. <h3>Participants</h3> Individuals with Lynch syndrome diagnosed with CRC from January 1950 to June 2020. The analysis was based on 215 early-onset CRCs diagnosed between 15 and 39 years of age and 574 CRCs diagnosed at age 40–88 years. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Clinical and histopathological characteristics and survival. Confounding variables were analysed by Cox analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 27.2% of the tumours in the Danish Lynch syndrome cohort were diagnosed under age 40. Disease-predisposing alterations in <i>MLH1</i> and <i>MSH2</i> were overrepresented in the age 15–39 cohort compared with patients diagnosed over age 40. CRCs diagnosed under age 40 showed an adverse stage distribution with 36.2% stage III–IV tumours compared with 25.8% in the over age 40 group. However, young patients diagnosed with early-stage tumours did have a significantly better prognosis compared with early-stage tumours in the older age group. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Early-onset CRC in Lynch syndrome is primarily linked to alterations in <i>MLH1</i> and <i>MSH2</i> and displays an adverse stage distribution. These observations serve as a reminder of surveillance, symptom awareness and rapid diagnostic handling of CRC in young adults with Lynch syndrome.
Pancreatic Iron Loading in Emoglobinopathies
Authors: Antonella Meloni, Laura Pistoia, Stefano Pulini, Maria Grazia Bisconte, Monica Benni, F. Mehtap Pasin, Anna Pietrapertosa, Antonella Massa, Aurelio Maggio, Vincenzo Positano, Gennaro Restaino, Paolo Preziosi, Alessia Pepe
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 9991: A Definitive Test of the Repolarization versus Depolarization Hypothesis in a Whole-heart Model of Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Jose Di Diego, Mariana Argenziano, Megan Tabler, Chen Kui, Victoria Messerschmidt, Elliot Jerud, Charles Antzelevitch
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Two principle hypotheses are proposed for the cellular basis of the Brugada syndrome (BrS). The repolarization hypothesis maintains that accentuation of the action potential (AP) notc...
Alternative and Complementary Treatments for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Christopher R. Kawala, Christopher J. Humphreys, Tanya Khaper, Clodagh M. Ryan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

"Alternative and Complementary Treatments for Obstructive Sleep Apnea." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 204(9), p. 1097
Population-Based Prostate Cancer Screening With Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Ultrasonography—The IP1-PROSTAGRAM Study
Authors: Zhu Oong, Omi Parikh
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
The MCF10 Model of Breast Tumor Progression
Authors: Julieann Puleo, Kornelia Polyak
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

The MCF10 cell lines first described by Soule and colleagues in 1990 have been a great resource for the breast cancer research community, facilitating research on the regulation of normal breast epithelial phenotypes and progressive changes in this regulation during malignancy. Here we review the development of the MCF10 parental and subsequent sublines and highlight a few of the major contributions of MCF10 model systems to breast cancer research.See related article by Soule and colleagues, Cancer Res 1990;50:6075-86.
27716 Efficacy of ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of atopic dermatitis by baseline clinical characteristics: Pooled subgroup analysis from two randomized phase 3 studies
Authors: Kim Papp, Jacek C. Szepietowski, Leon Kircik, Darryl Toth, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Seth B. Forman, Diamant Thaçi, Michael E. Kuligowski, May E. Venturanza, Kang Sun, Eric L. Simpson
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
The early interferon catches the SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Thomas Decker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

Interferons establish innate antiviral immunity. Two recent papers inJEM by Lopez et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20211211) and Cheemarla et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210583) show that an appropriate supply of antiviral interferon enables epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 growth and that interferon-induced mucosal genes serve as biomarkers of infection.
Effect of Low-Intensity vs High-Intensity Walking Exercise on Walk Distance in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Lauren Gurich, Anna Nelson
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sixty seconds on . . . driving licences
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

That’s nice, but we’re not talking about Olivia Rodrigo’s “Drivers License”—one of the biggest hits of 2021. The BMA has estimated that over 200 000 patients are waiting for medical assessments for driving licence applications.

You don’t get any points for guessing that it’s the pandemic. All heavy goods vehicle (HGV) licence applications must be accompanied by a medical assessment. Last year, to keep the country’s supply chains going, the government said …
Desmosomal Cadherins in Health and Disease
Authors: Marihan Hegazy, Abbey L. Perl, Sophia A. Svoboda, Kathleen J. Green
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2021)

Desmosomal cadherins are a recent evolutionary innovation that make up the adhesive core of highly specialized intercellular junctions called desmosomes. Desmosomal cadherins, which are grouped into desmogleins and desmocollins, are related to the classical cadherins, but their cytoplasmic domains are tailored for anchoring intermediate filaments instead of actin to sites of cell-cell adhesion. The resulting junctions are critical for resisting mechanical stress in tissues such as the skin and heart. Desmosomal cadherins also act as signaling hubs that promote differentiation and facilitate morphogenesis, creating more complex and effective tissue barriers in vertebrate tissues. Interference with desmosomal cadherin adhesive and supra-adhesive functions leads to a variety of autoimmune, hereditary, toxin-mediated, and malignant diseases. We review our current understanding of how desmosomal cadherins contribute to human health and disease, highlight gaps in our knowledge about their regulation and function, and introduce promising new directions toward combatting desmosome-related diseases.
Uplifting the Latino Population From Obscurity to the Forefront of Health Care, Public Health Intervention, and Societal Presence
Authors: Amelie G. Ramirez, Rita Lepe, Francisco Cigarroa
Journal: JAMA (2021)

This Viewpoint examines ways to enhance representation of the Latino community in the US health care workforce and to address their specific health care needs in order to address health care disparities.
Collaborative Public Health Strategies to Combat e-Cigarette Regulation Loopholes
Authors: Kar-Hai Chu, Tina Batra Hershey, Jaime E. Sidani
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
DURABILITY OF TREATMENT EFFECT WITH LONG-TERM MARALIXIBAT IN CHILDREN WITH ALAGILLE SYNDROME: 4-YEAR SAFETY AND EFFICACY RESULTS FROM THE ICONIC STUDY
Authors: Emmanuel M Gonzales, Ekkehard Sturm, Michael Stormon, Etienne M Sokal, Winita Hardikar, Florence Lacaille, Dorota Gliwicz-Miedzinska, Loreto Hierro, Thomas Jaecklin, Pamela Vig, Nirav K Desai, Alejandro Dorenbaum, Ciara Kennedy, Alastair J Baker, Emmanuel Jacquemin
Journal: Hepatology (2019)