tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Immediate Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy With and Without Acellular Dermal Matrix Among Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Fredrik Lohmander, Jakob Lagergren, Hemming Johansson, Pankaj G. Roy, Yvonne Brandberg, Jan Frisell
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> The use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in implant-based breast reconstructions (IBBRs) is established practice. Existing evidence validating ADMs proposed advantages, including improved cosmetics and more single-stage IBBRs, is lacking. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate whether IBBR with ADM results in fewer reoperations and increased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with conventional IBBR without ADM. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This was an open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial of women with primary breast cancer who planned for mastectomy and immediate IBBR, with a 2-year follow-up for all participants. Participants were enrolled at 5 breast cancer units in Sweden and the United Kingdom between 2014 and May 2017. Exclusion criteria included previous radiotherapy and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Data were analyzed until August 2017. <h3>Interventions</h3> Participants were allocated to immediate IBBR with or without ADM. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary trial end point was number of reoperations at 2 years. HRQoL, a secondary end point, was measured as patient-reported outcome measures using 3 instruments from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of life Questionnaire. <h3>Results</h3> From start of enrollment on April 24, 2014, to close of trial on May 10, 2017, a total of 135 women were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 50.4 [9.5] years); 64 were assigned to have an IBBR procedure with ADM and 65 to the control group who had IBBR without ADM. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for the primary outcome. Of 129 patients analyzed at 2-year follow-up, 44 of 64 (69%) had at least 1 surgical event in the ADM group vs 43 of 65 (66%) in the control group. In the ADM group, 31 patients (48%) had at least 1 reoperation on the ipsilateral side vs 35 (54%) in the control group. The overall number of reoperations on the ipsilateral side were 42 and 43 respectively. Within the follow-up time of 24 months, 9 patients (14%) in the ADM group had the implant removed compared with 7 (11%) in the control group. We found no significant mean differences in postoperative patient-reported HRQoL domains, including perception of body image (mean difference, 3; 99% CI, −11 to 17;<i>P</i> = .57) and satisfaction with cosmetic outcome (mean difference, 8; 99% CI, −6 to 20;<i>P</i> = .11). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Immediate IBBR with ADM did not yield fewer reoperations compared with conventional IBBR without ADM, nor was IBBR with ADM superior in terms of HRQoL or patient-reported cosmetic outcomes. Patients treated for breast cancer contemplating ADM-supported IBBR should be informed about the lack of evidence validating ADM's suggested benefits. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02061527
1529P Treatment results in elderly patients (pts) diagnosed with locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS)
Authors: H.M. Kosela Paterczyk, P. Teterycz, K. Kozak, A. Klimczak, T. Switaj, P. Rogala, P. Jagodzinska-Mucha, M. Polaczek, P. Sobczuk, A. Mariuk-Jarema, S. Kopec, J. Placzke, M.E. Dudzisz-Sledz, K. Ostaszewski, P. Rutkowski
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Vigor and aspiration levels in neuroeconomics
Authors: Antonio Mastrogiorgio
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract In this contribution, we criticize the demanding assumption of vigor that economic agents are maximizers. We discuss the link between vigor and subjective value through the alternative notion of aspiration levels, arguing that vigor can help articulate the ecological balance – central in bounded and ecological rationality – between minimum expected reward (aspiration level) and the efforts made for its attainment.
Abstract 14061: High Prevalence of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Very Elderly Patients
Authors: Yoshiyuki Orihara, Masanori Asakura, Yoshitaka Okuhara, Yuki Matsumoto, Masaharu Ishihara
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is a common cardiac involvement and is increasing in the world. Many studies were performed using ASE guideline; however, almost studies excl...
Association of Receipt of the Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Vaccine With Presumptive Guillain-Barré Syndrome, February-July 2021
Authors: Emily Jane Woo, Adamma Mba-Jonas, Rositsa B. Dimova, Meghna Alimchandani, Craig E. Zinderman, Narayan Nair
Journal: JAMA (2021)

As part of postauthorization safety surveillance, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has identified a potential safety concern for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following receipt of the Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine.To assess reports of GBS received in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination.Reports of presumptive GBS were identified in a US passive reporting system (VAERS) February-July 2021 and characterized, including demographics, clinical characteristics, and relevant medical history.Receipt of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine; the comparator was the background rate of GBS in the general (unvaccinated) population that had been estimated and published based on a standardized case definition.Presumptive GBS; the reporting rate was analyzed, including calculation of the observed to expected ratio based on background rates and vaccine administration data. Because of limited availability of medical records, cases were not assessed according to the Brighton Collaboration criteria for GBS.As of July 24, 2021, 130 reports of presumptive GBS were identified in VAERS following Ad26.COV2.S vaccination (median age, 56 years; IQR, 45-62 years; 111 individuals [86.0%] were < 65 years; 77 men [59.7%]). The median time to onset of GBS following vaccination was 13 days (IQR, 10-18 days), with 105 cases (81.4%) beginning within 21 days and 123 (95.3%) within 42 days. One hundred twenty-one reports (93.1%) were serious, including 1 death. With approximately 13 209 858 doses of vaccine administered to adults in the US, the estimated crude reporting rate was 1 case of GBS per 100 000 doses administered. The overall estimated observed to expected rate ratio was 4.18 (95% CI, 3.47-4.98) for the 42-day window, and in the worst-case scenario analysis for adults 18 years or older, corresponded to an estimated absolute rate increase of 6.36 per 100 000 person-years (based on a rate of approximately 8.36 cases per 100 000 person-years [123 cases per 1 472 162 person-years] compared with a background rate of approximately 2 cases per 100 000 person-years). For both risk windows, the observed to expected rate ratio was elevated in all age groups except individuals aged 18 through 29 years.These findings suggest a potential small but statistically significant safety concern for Guillain-Barré syndrome following receipt of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. However, the findings are subject to the limitations of passive reporting systems and presumptive case definition, and they must be considered preliminary pending analysis of medical records to establish a definitive diagnosis.
Uniting the global gastroenterology community to meet the challenge of climate change and non-recyclable waste
Authors: Desmond Leddin, M Bishr Omary, Andrew Veitch, Geoffrey Metz, Naima Amrani, Lars Aabakken, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Mario Reis Alvares-Da-Silva, David Armstrong, Sedat Boyacioglu, Ye Chen, Reda Elwakil, Kwong-Ming Fock, Saeed S Hamid, Govind Makharia, Finlay Macrae, Reza Malekzadeh, Chris J Mulder, Alejandro Piscoya, Mai ling Perman, Anahita Sadeghi, Roque Saenz, Jean-Christophe Saurin, Amna Subhan Butt, Kaichun Wu, Yeong Yeh Lee
Journal: Gut (2021)

Climate change has been described as the biggest global health threat of the 21st century1 and has significant implications for gastrointestinal (GI) health and disease,2 which is the focus of this consensus commentary provided by the World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO) Climate Change Working Group (CCWG). The CCWG has members from 18 countries representing high-income, medium-income and low-income populations. The WGO includes gastroenterology societies from 108 countries, which represent more than 60 000 medical practitioner members. The CCWG members, who have coauthored this consensus commentary, aim to review the scientific literature on climate and GI health, to encourage education and the undertaking of actionable measures including advocacy, and to further research and collaborations within the global GI community. The CCWG’s objective is to assist GI health providers worldwide to adapt to, and mitigate, the effects of climate change on health. The CCWG has partnered with three major GI journals, which are copublishing this commentary, given the timeliness and importance of the topic.3 4 

### Climate change

The earth’s climate is changing because of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which has already warmed by more than 1°C compared with preindustrial times. The aim of mitigation efforts is to keep the rise in global mean surface temperature (GMST) below 2°C by 2100. An increase of 2°C might not seem like a major change, but variations of similar magnitude have been associated with profound alterations of climate in the past. It is important to note that even if this somewhat arbitrary target can be met, catastrophic changes in earth ecosystems can still occur.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was established in 1988 with a mandate to assess relevant scientific literature related to climate change. It produces regular reports and updates about climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects that …
Anticoagulation targeting membrane-bound anionic phospholipids improves outcomes of traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Xinlong Dong, Wei Liu, Yu Shen, Katie Houck, Mengchen Yang, Yuan Zhou, Zilong Zhao, Xiaoping Wu, Teri Blevins, Amanda L. Koehne, Tze-Chein Wun, Xiaoyun Fu, Min Li, Jianning Zhang, Jing-fei Dong
Journal: Blood (2021)
Association of Type 2 Diabetes, According to the Number of Risk Factors Within Target Range, With Structural Brain Abnormalities, Cognitive Performance, and Risk of Dementia
Authors: April C.E. van Gennip, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Martin P.J. van Boxtel, Frans R.J. Verhey, Annemarie Koster, Abraham A. Kroon, Sebastian Köhler, Marleen M.J. van Greevenbroek, Anke Wesselius, Simone J.P.M. Eussen, Walter H. Backes, Jacobus F. Jansen, Miranda T. Schram, Ronald M.A. Henry, Archana Singh-Manoux, Thomas T. van Sloten
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risks of cognitive dysfunction and brain abnormalities. The extent to which risk factor modification can mitigate these risks is unclear. We investigated the associations between incident dementia, cognitive performance, and brain abnormalities among individuals with type 2 diabetes, according to the number of risk factors on target, compared with control subjects without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective data were from UK Biobank of 87,856 individuals (n = 10,663 diabetes, n = 77,193 control subjects; baseline 2006–2010), with dementia follow-up until February 2018. Individuals with diabetes were categorized according to the number of seven selected risk factors within the guideline-recommended target range (nonsmoking; guideline-recommended levels of glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, BMI, albuminuria, physical activity, and diet). Outcomes were incident dementia, domain-specific cognitive performance, white matter hyperintensities, and total brain volume. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 9.0 years, 147 individuals (1.4%) with diabetes and 412 control subjects (0.5%) had incident dementia. Among individuals with diabetes, excess dementia risk decreased stepwise for a higher number of risk factors on target. Compared with control subjects (incidence rate per 1,000 person-years 0.62 [95% CI 0.56; 0.68]), individuals with diabetes who had five to seven risk factors on target had no significant excess dementia risk (absolute rate difference per 1,000 person-years 0.20 [−0.11; 0.52]; hazard ratio 1.32 [0.89; 1.95]). Similarly, differences in processing speed, executive function, and brain volumes were progressively smaller for a higher number of risk factors on target. These results were replicated in the Maastricht Study. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with diabetes, excess dementia risk, lower cognitive performance, and brain abnormalities decreased stepwise for a higher number of risk factors on target.
1380P Phase (Ph) II study of zanidatamab + chemotherapy (chemo) in first-line (1L) HER2 expressing gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA)
Authors: G. Ku, E. Elimova, C.S. Denlinger, R. Mehta, K-W. Lee, S. Iqbal, Y-K. Kang, D-Y. Oh, S.Y. Rha, Y.H. Kim, Y.M. Seol, T. Mwatha, J. Grim, J.A. Ajani
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
1699P Introduction of the GOLDEN (Geriatric Oncology LongituDinal End to eNd) programme in a tertiary cancer centre
Authors: A. Pang, F. Ho, N. Camelia, Y.S. Ng, Y. Yao, N. Mhd Said, M. Chun, W.N. Eng, W.M. Chen, J. Chien, Y. Loy, J. Ong, V. Luah, T. Soh, W.Y. Wong, S. Lim, M. Chen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
114P Changes in serum choline (Ch) levels to predict treatment outcomes in advanced cancer patients (pts) treated with immunotherapy (IO)
Authors: E. Sanz Garcia, S. Genta, Z. Liu, A.R. Abdul Razak, A.R. Hansen, A. Spreafico, W. Zhang, E. Chen, L.L. Siu, P. Bedard
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
It’s Time to End Lead Poisoning in the United States
Authors: Philip J. Landrigan, David Bellinger
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
1527MO Biomarkers of response and hyperprogression in patients with sarcoma treated with checkpoint blockade
Authors: N.D. Klemen, S. Hwang, M. Bradic, E. Rosenbaum, M. Dickson, M. Gounder, C.M. Kelly, M.L. Keohan, S. Movva, K. Thornton, P. Chi, B. Nacev, J.E. Chan, E.K. Bartlett, A.L. Richards, S. Singer, M. Donoghue, W. Tap, S.P. D'Angelo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
The music and social bonding hypothesis does require multilevel selection
Authors: Dustin Eirdosh, Susan Hanisch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract Is musicality an individual level adaptation? The authors of this target article reject the need for group selection within their model, yet their arguments do not fulfill the conceptual requirements for justifying such a rejection. Further analysis can highlight the explanatory value of embracing multilevel selection theory as a foundational element of the music and social bonding (MSB) hypothesis.
Abstract #1882: A gene expression signature associated with \#8220;K-Ras addiction\#8221; reveals novel candidate therapeutic targets that regulate EMT
Authors: Anurag Singh, Patricia Greninger, Daniel Rhodes, Louise Koopman, Sheila Violette, Nabeel Bardeesy, Jeffrey Settleman
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Mutational K-Ras activation arises very frequently in epithelial cancers. However, the specific role of oncogenic K-Ras in maintaining tumor cell survival is unclear. To analyze K-Ras dependency in human cancers we have employed K-Ras-specific shRNAs to deplete K-Ras protein in cancer cell lines derived from lung and pancreatic adenocarcinomas harboring oncogenic K-Ras mutations. By this approach two classes of cell lines were identified - those that are addicted to or dependent on K-Ras activity for viability and those that are independent. We have identified a number of cellular and molecular features that can distinguish these two classes. Firstly, K-Ras dependent cells are epithelial whereas independent cell lines are mesenchymal, as assessed by E-Cadherin and vimentin expression. Secondly, K-Ras dependent cells exhibit high-level focal amplification of the K-Ras gene resulting in increased K-Ras gene copy number and overexpression of mutant K-Ras protein. This phenomenon is reminiscent of addiction to EGFR in lung cancers. Lastly, by comparing gene expression profiles for \#8220;K-Ras-dependent\#8221; and \#8220;K-Ras independent\#8221; cancer cells, we established a gene expression signature that accurately predicts K-Ras dependency and is associated with the differentiation state or histological grade of human lung tumors. We have identified three genes differentially expressed in K-Ras dependent cells that could represent pharmacologically tractable therapeutic targets. These are ITGB6, encoding the integrin beta-6 subunit, as well as SYK and MST1R, which encode tyrosine kinases. Disruption of these genes by RNAi induces epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and apoptosis specifically in K-Ras-dependent cells. Therefore, oncogenic \#8220;K-Ras addiction\#8221; and epithelial differentiation are associated and we suggest that genes regulating epithelial plasticity in K-Ras-addicted cancers may represent novel therapeutic targets.  Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1882.
Pre-hunt charade as the cradle of human musicality
Authors: Szabolcs Számadó
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract Human language and human music are both unique communication systems that evolved in the human lineage. Here, I propose that they share the same root, they evolved from an ancestral communication system yet to be described in detail. I suggest that pre-hunt charade was this shared root, which helped organize and coordinate the hunt of early hominins.
Ethical Issues in Using Behavior Contracts to Manage the “Difficult” Patient and Family
Authors: Autumn Fiester, Chase Yuan
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

Long used as a tool for medical compliance and adhering to treatment plans, behavior contracts have made their way into the in-patient healthcare setting as a way to manage the "difficult" patient and family. The use of this tool is even being adopted by healthcare ethics consultants (HECs) in US hospitals as part of their work in navigating conflict at the bedside. Anecdotal evidence of their increasing popularity among clinical ethicists, for example, can be found at professional bioethics meetings and conversations and idea-sharing among practitioners on HEC social media. While there are a handful of papers gesturing toward a bioethical critique of behavior contracts of various types, the use of behavior contracts in the context of interpersonal conflict has not been vetted by bioethicists to determine their ethical legitimacy or efficacy. In this paper, we highlight a set of ethical concerns that we believe must be addressed before continuing or widespread implementation of behavior contracts to manage the "difficult" patient or family.
656MO Phase II study of belzutifan (MK-6482), an oral hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) inhibitor, plus cabozantinib for treatment of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)
Authors: D.F. McDermott, T.K. Choueiri, T.M. Bauer, E. Arrowsmith, A. Roy, R. Perini, D. Vickery, S.S. Tykodi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
1024P Baseline biomarkers associated with clinical benefit in patients with solid tumors refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treated with live biotherapeutic MRx0518 in combination with pembrolizumab
Authors: E.R. Parra, M. Adriani, C. Freitas Pinto Lima, J. Li, C. Haymaker, R. Parikh, E. Bernicker, D. Davar, A. Chaudhry, A. Stevenson, C. Badham, G. Fyvie, M. Chisamore, S. Pant
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Three subtypes of lung cancer fibroblasts define distinct therapeutic paradigms
Authors: Haichuan Hu, Zofia Piotrowska, Patricia J Hare, Huidong Chen, Hillary E Mulvey, Aislinn Mayfield, Sundus Noeen, Krystina Kattermann, Max Greenberg, August Williams, Amanda K Riley, Jarad J Wilson, Ying-Qing Mao, Ruo-Pan Huang, Mandeep K Banwait, Jeffrey Ho, Giovanna S Crowther, Lida P Hariri, Rebecca S Heist, David P Kodack, Luca Pinello, Alice T Shaw, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Aaron N Hata, Lecia V Sequist, Cyril H Benes, Matthew J Niederst, Jeffrey A Engelman
Journal: Cancer Cell (2021)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are highly heterogeneous. With the lack of a comprehensive understanding of CAFs' functional distinctions, it remains unclear how cancer treatments could be personalized based on CAFs in a patient's tumor. We have established a living biobank of CAFs derived from biopsies of patients' non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) that encompasses a broad molecular spectrum of CAFs in clinical NSCLC. By functionally interrogating CAF heterogeneity using the same therapeutics received by patients, we identify three functional subtypes: (1) robustly protective of cancers and highly expressing HGF and FGF7; (2) moderately protective of cancers and highly expressing FGF7; and (3) those providing minimal protection. These functional differences among CAFs are governed by their intrinsic TGF-β signaling, which suppresses HGF and FGF7 expression. This CAF functional classification correlates with patients' clinical response to targeted therapies and also associates with the tumor immune microenvironment, therefore providing an avenue to guide personalized treatment.
Migration and outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease in Europe: a systematic review
Authors: Anna Deal, Rae Halliday, Alison F Crawshaw, Sally E Hayward, Amelia Burnard, Kieran Rustage, Jessica Carter, Anushka Mehrotra, Felicity Knights, Ines Campos-Matos, Azeem Majeed, Jon S Friedland, Michael Edelstein, Sandra Mounier-Jack, Sally Hargreaves
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2021)
Keynote Session: Effects of the Pandemic on Cancer Care/Future Directions of Cancer Care
Authors: James E. Bachman, Kim Slusser, Thomas K. Varghese, Andrew Wagner, moderated by Timothy Kubal
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

A panel of experts in healthcare administration and delivery convened virtually during the NCCN 2021 Virtual Annual Conference to discuss the effects of the pandemic on cancer care and what the future may hold. The discussion ranged from the effects of the pandemic on screening and the implications of missing early cancers to the challenges of telemedicine, the future delivery of more in-home services, and burnout among healthcare workers as hospitals and cancer centers work to rebuild for the future.
1026TiP A phase Ib/II, open-label, multicenter, dose-escalation and dose-expansion study of NKTR-255 plus cetuximab as a salvage regimen in patients with solid tumors
Authors: M. Altan, A. Patnaik, M.A. Barve, L. Dunn, P.W. Cobb, A. Rosenberg, S. Sharma, A. Sukari, Z. Lee, M.Q. Marcondes, J. Zalevsky, M.A. Tagliaferri, B. Kotzin, A.G. Sacco
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)