tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ELN IMDS Flow Working Group Validation of the Monocyte Assay for Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Diagnosis By Flow Cytometry
Authors: Orianne Wagner-Ballon, Peter Bettelheim, Jeroen Lauf, Frauke Bellos, Matteo G. Della Porta, Erica Travaglino, Dolores Subirá, Irene Nuevo, Sihem Tarfi, Theresia M. Westers, Ulrika Johansson, Katherina Psarra, Serafeim Karathanos, Sergio Matarraz, Enrique Colado, Monali Gupta, Robin M. Ireland, Wolfgang Kern, Arjan van de Loosdrecht
Journal: Blood (2021)
Abstract 11785: National Hospitalizations for Supraventricular Tachycardia in the United States, 2010 Through 2017
Authors: Manyoo Agarwal, Duc H Do, Boback Ziaeian, Jason Bradfield, Gregg C Fonarow, Eric F Buch
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Little data exists describing the national burden of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) related hospitalizations on US healthcare system. The objectives of this study are to examine the temporal trends of SVT-related hospitalizations in the United States and to compare patient characteristics, outcomes, and comorbid diagnoses. Methods: Using the Nationwide Readmission Database from 2010 through 2017, we identified adult (age &gt;17 years) SVT-related hospitalizations using International Classification of Diseases, 9 th /10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes- 427.0/I47.1 as the principal discharge diagnosis. Results: There were 192,853 adult hospitalizations for SVT from 2010 to 2017 across United States. The number of hospitalizations increased from 22,313 in 2010 to 39,216 in 2017. Mean age was 63.9 years, 56.8% females and 55.8% Medicare insured. The proportion of comorbid diagnoses in overall cohort: hypertension 66.4%, diabetes 26.9%, hyperlipidemia 42.8%, coronary artery disease 31.6%, atrial fibrillation 30.0%, cerebrovascular disease 3.4%, renal disease 18.8%, liver disease 4.2% and chronic pulmonary disease 14.7%. From 2010 to 2017, following trends were observed: mean age (63.7 years to 64.1 years), females (59.5% to 54.4%), Medicare insured (53.8% to 57.0%), hypertension (62.2% to 70.0%), diabetes (25.3% to 27.5%), hyperlipidemia (39.6% to 45.0%), coronary artery disease (28.6% to 34.8%), cerebrovascular disease (3.0% to 3.3%), renal disease (12.9% to 23.0%), liver disease (4.5% to 2.8%) and chronic pulmonary disease (13.0% to 16.4%). The overall unadjusted in-hospital mortality was 0.6% and mean length of stay was 3.0 days. The trends of mortality and length of stay changed as follows: 0.5% in 2010 to 0.6% in 2017 and 2.9 days to 3.1 days respectively. Mean hospital charges (in USD) were 40,943 and increased from 31,755 in 2010 to 47,830 in 2017. Conclusions: The number of hospitalizations for SVT have increased among US adults from 2010 to 2017. The proportion of comorbid chronic diseases, in-hospital mortality and the hospitalization charges also increased during the period of analysis.
Book: Whiplash and Other Useful Illnesses
Authors: Michael Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Andrew Malleson observes that “victimhood can bring much gratification.” As he indicates, the high social status currently accorded to the victim is an important factor in the rise of “dissimulating disorders,” in which patients present chronic physical symptoms for which no organic cause can be found.​found.




Figure 1



Andrew Malleson

McGill-Queen's University Press, £26.95, pp 544 ISBN 0 7735 2333 2 www.mqup.ca

Rating: ★★★★




American psychiatry recognises three categories of these disorders: malingering, factitious disorders, and somatoform disorders. Malingering is where symptoms are intentionally produced with the aim of securing tangible benefits. The problem is the difficulty of distinguishing malingering from factitious disorders, in which symptoms are intentionally produced but where there is no apparent external incentive and the motivation seems to be unconscious. These conditions are in turn difficult to distinguish from somatoform disorders, in which both symptoms and motivation appear to arise from unconscious processes. As Malleson observes, perhaps the essential difference depends upon the effectiveness with which the victim can “deceive himself and therefore others.”

Malleson, a Canadian psychiatrist, discusses the “dissimulating disorders”—by any criterion one of the most important issues in contemporary medical practice—by focusing on the epidemic of whiplash neck injuries following minor car crashes. Through a comprehensive survey of the literature he exposes how doctors, alternative practitioners, scientists, lawyers, and patients have colluded in promoting a disorder that now afflicts millions and costs billions. While patients who sustain serious neck injuries have a good prognosis, minor collisions producing no demonstrable tissue damage now result in lifelong disability in around 10% of cases.

Malleson regards whiplash as a modern combination of the 19th century conditions of “railway spine” and hysteria. He locates it as one of a family of fashionable conditions, including fibromyalgia, repetitive strain injury, chronic fatigue syndrome, occupational back pain, chronic pain syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder, which the medical profession has offered patients who are, either consciously or unconsciously, seeking an escape from the pressures of modern life into the roles of sickness and victimhood. As he shows in this elegantly written and profound book, these conditions risk degrading medicine and bankrupting health services; they elevate junk science and corrupt the law; worst of all, they condemn patients to disorders from which there is little hope of recovery.

In one of his many aphorisms, Malleson captures the real menace of whiplash: “In perceiving a small auto collision as a cause of a persistent and disabling psychiatric disorder we diminish the calibre of our souls. We dissipate our human heritage of courage.”
A pharmacokinetic (PK) dose escalation study of DX-8951f (DX) in adult cancer patients with hepatic dysfunction: A comparison of the NCI hepatic dysfunction criteria and the Child-Pugh classification
Authors: C. H. Takimoto, M. W. Saif, P. M. Lorusso, C. Sweeney, M. P. Ducharme, S.-C. Q. Chu, G. H. Schwartz, M. Danna, R. L. De Jager, E. K. Rowinsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2017 Background: DX-8951f (exatecan mesylate) is a novel camptothecin analog active in GI tumors such as pancreatic cancer. Its dose limiting toxicities (DLT) include neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Because of its hepatic metabolism, a dose escalation study was performed in liver dysfunction patients (pts). Methods: Pts were classified in hepatic dysfunction cohorts defined by a modified NCI Organ Dysfunction Working Group (NCI) schema. Once a DLT was observed, pts were divided into minimally pretreated (MP) and heavily pretreated (HP) groups. Both the NCI and the FDA-recommended Child-Pugh classifications were used for data analysis. Results: Overall, 42 pts received 0.1–0.5 mg/m2/d DX x 5 q3 wks and 33 pts had PK data available. Dose escalation reached 0.5, 0.5, 0.4, and 0.2 mg/m2 for MP pts and 0.4, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1 mg/m2 for HP pts in Groups A, B, C and D, respectively. DLT's were neutropenia and low platelets, observed at 0.4 and 0.2 mg/m2 for MP and HP in group C, respectively. The MTD and drug clearance (CL) strongly correlated with liver dysfunction. Using the NCI criteria, DX CL was 1.43, 1.43, 0.7 and 0.32 L/h/m2 in Groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, resulting in recommended dose reductions of 50% and 80% in Group C and D pts. Using the FDA criteria, the DX CL decreased from 1.32, to 0.42, and 0.25 L/h/m2 in Class A, B, and C, respectively, corresponding to 66% and 80% dose reductions in Class B and C pts. Conclusions: DX dose reduction is required in liver dysfunction pts. Stratification by NCI criteria results in recommended dose reductions in 23 pts, compared to 17 pts using FDA criteria. Ongoing PK simulations will determine which approach optimally minimizes interpatient variability. This comparison of FDA and NCI classification schemes may assist in the design of future hepatic dysfunction trials in oncology. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Daiichi Daiichi Daiichi Corp.
A Cautionary Note on Anonymous Referrals for Clinical Ethics Case Consultations
Authors: Merle Spriggs, Lynn Gillam
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

"A Cautionary Note on Anonymous Referrals for Clinical Ethics Case Consultations." The American Journal of Bioethics, 15(5), pp. 32–33 ACKNOWLEDGMENTThank you to Karen Fellows, Catherine Lees, and Jenny Hynson for their assistance with information regarding the phone call described in this commentary.
CSM attacked over delay in reducing secrecy
Authors: Judy Jones
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The body that advises the UK government on the licensing of medicines has been accused of excessive delay in fulfilling its promises to publish edited minutes of its meetings on the internet.

Social Audit, a pressure group which monitors the pharmaceutical industry, says that a promise to reduce secrecy made 10 months ago has still not been fulfilled.

The Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM) promised to open up more of its work to public scrutiny after complaints of undue secrecy surrounding its operations were upheld by Michael Buckley, the health service ombudsman (BMJ 1999;319:939).

In a letter to Social Audit last September, Roy Alder, head …
Abstract 18082: Differences in Ca2+ Cycling in Atrial Myocytes Isolated From Ventricular-Tachypaced Hearts vs. Atrial Tachypaced Hearts: Implication That Aberrant Ca2+ Cycling Contributes More AF Initiation Than to AF Maintenance
Authors: Gary Aistrup, Shin Yoo, Soren Grubb, Richard Kay, Chloe Monnier, Aaron Kunamalla, J. Andrew Wasserstrom, Rishi Arora
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: We have recently paid much attention to Ca2+ waves in canine and human atrial myocytes that occur only upon rapid pacing, which we have termed “triggered Ca2+ waves”. The temporal character of triggered Ca2+ waves suggests that they are likely to affect action potential duration beat-to-beat, and so could prompt dispersion of repolarization predisposing to reentrant arrhythmias. We therefore asked whether Ca2+ waves are prevalent in atrial myocytes isolated from failing hearts (proarrhythmic substrate) and/or hearts in atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: Atrial myocytes were isolated from normal hearts (canine &amp; human), failing hearts (4-6 weeks ventricular tachypaced; canine only) and hearts in atrial fibrillation (canine_5 weeks atrial tachypaced canine hearts; human_in AF), and examined (@ 37°C) for the incidences triggered Ca2+ waves and Ca2+ alternans during pacing at 1000-200ms cyclelengths (CLs) using Ca2+ fluorescent confocal microscopy. Results: Triggered Ca2+ waves were much more prevalent in atrial myocytes from normal and failing hearts than in atrial myocytes from heart in AF (incidence: 67% of normal canine, 59% of normal human, 75% of failing canine, 9% of canine AF, 14% of human AF). However, isoproterenol was effective in abolishing triggered Ca2+ waves in atrial myocytes from normal and AF hearts, but not in atrial myocytes from failing hearts. While there was less aberrant Ca2+ cycling in atrial myocytes from AF hearts, Ca2+ alternans were proportionally more prevalent in these myocytes compared to that in atrial myocytes from failing and normal hearts (incidence: 21% of normal canine, 34% normal human, 15% failing canine, 27% of canine AF, 76% human AF). Most recently we have found that reactive oxygen species inhibitors (mitoTEMPO, apocynin) significantly suppress ( ↓ ~80%, p&lt;0.05) the incidence of triggered Ca2+ waves in atrial myocytes from failing heart. Conclusions: Our results suggest that abnormal Ca2+ cycling in the form of triggered Ca2+ waves, which may be manifest consequent to the oxidative stress that occurs upon heart failure, may play a more prominent role in the initiation of AF, while other mechanisms (i.e., alternans) contribute more after the establishment of AF and its maintenance.
How To Do It: Work in a developing country
Authors: P. Johnstone
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Some health professionals seek the exciting challenge of working for a time in a developing country. Uncertainties about taking this step, however, may have to be addressed. It is important to understand your reasons for wanting to work overseas-it is ill advised, for example, to go abroad just to escape job dissatisfaction in Britain. Skills needed for international aid work nowadays centre on low tech community based programmes, and enabling, facilitating, and managing skills are more important than clinical skills. Further training may be necessary. Careful planning both for the work abroad and for a return to work in Britain is advisable; full health insurance cover, for example, is important. Although working in a developing country is largely unrecognised as an asset to a professional career in Britain, attitudes are slowly changing. A spell overseas can be very relevant to a career plan and the NHS.
Abstract 5273: Nkx2-5 Transactivates The Ets-related Protein 71 Gene And Specify An Endothelial/endocardial Fate Of The Developing Heart
Authors: Anwarul Ferdous, Arianna Caprioli, Michelina Iacovino, Cindy Martin, Richard Harvey, Eric Olson, Michael Kyba, Daniel Garry
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Abstract 15247: Caloric Restriction Enhances Cyclic AMP/PKA Axis and Ameliorates Cardiac Remodeling by Restoring Mitochondrial Damage
Authors: Akio Monji, Yasuko K Bando, Toshimasa Shigeta, Xianwu Cheng, Morihiko Aoyama, Toko Mitsui, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Circulation (2011)

[Rationale] Caloric restriction (CR) promotes beneficial cardiovascular effects and increases intracellular cyclic AMP levels leading to protein kinase A (PKA) activation and maintain cellular viab...
"Afro-Caribbeans" could have been of Chinese, Indian, European, or African extraction
Authors: I. O Azuonye
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—I wish to point out serious flaws in Kwame McKenzie and colleagues' study of the prognosis of psychosis in Afro-Caribbean people.1 It is courageous of the authors to tackle this comparative study, but their failure to clarify their sampling leaves their work with glaring methodological flaws.

Two groups of people were compared. The first group, the “white” group, was selected by skin colour, place of birth (United Kingdom), and place of parents' birth (United Kingdom). The …
Ethnic differences in outcome of serum screening for Down's syndrome
Authors: C. Ford, A. Moore, W. A Bartlett, A. F Jones
Journal: BMJ (1996)

posts that address problems of inner cities-for example, homelessness and drug misuse.We have been able to extend training based in general practice within the three year scheme when neces- sary.' Research by the South London Organisation of Vocational Training Schemes has shown that many registrars do not feel ready to enter general practice after vocational training (C Vaughan, personal communication).We provide a fourth year of training in the form of a vocational training associate scheme, which addresses registrars' further learning needs while giving them time to gain experience and confidence in practice.This initiative, in its second year, has also been able to support 34 local practices under stress.These changes have allowed us to recruit a full complement of high quality registrars to our schemes and increase the number of locally trained doctors becoming principals in south London.The training issues have become too complex to be solved by appending general practice training to hospital training.We look forward to the results of the evaluation of our innovations.These results will inform the debate about developing excellent training for general practice that will supply highly trained general practitioners for inner cities into the next century.
Abstract 308: Rgs2 Is An Endogenous Inhibitor Of Insulin Signaling
Authors: Prem Sharma, Jennie Bever, Scott Heximer, Carmen Dessauer, Jerrold M Olefsky
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Insulin resistance is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes and is a known risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. We have determined that overexpression of a GTPase-activating protein, RGS2 decreases insulin sensitivity. This study describes RGS2 regulation of insulin signaling pathways in order to assess whether this information can be used to reverse insulin insensitivity in diabetes. Hypothesis, Methods and Results: RGS2 protein levels were elevated 3 to 5-fold in white adipose tissues from ob/ob and high fat diet induced Insulin Resistant mice. Further, RGS2 protein is elevated in insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated chronically with either insulin, ET-1, or TNF-aplha. Further, SiRNA knockdown of endogenous RGS2 protein increases basal, insulin independent and insulin-dependent GLUT4 translocation. We hypothesized that the RGS2 regulatory system is defective/overactive in insulin resistance, and that a modulation of this regulatory system by RGS2 inhibition would improve insulin sensitivity. Thus, we determined the mechanisms whereby RGS2 modulates insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes; focusing on insulin-regulated G-protein/PI3-K pathways leading to GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake; utilizing adenoviruses over-expressing wild-type and mutants RGS2, as well as by siRNA-mediated knock down of endogenous RGS2. We overexpressed the Wild-Type (WT), GTPase defective (GD), and plasma membrane translocation defective (TD) RGS2 proteins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Overexpression of WT RGS2 leads to ~ 50% inhibition of insulin induced 2-DOG uptake, without affecting IR Tyr phosphorylation. RGS2 constitutively associates with Galpha/q11, and prevent its Tyr phosphorylation and activation by insulin. Interestingly, insulin-stimulated PKClambda phosphorylation was completely blocked by RGS2, whereas, AKT phosphorylation was minimally inhibited. Neither the insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation nor insulin-stimulated MAPK phosphorylation was affected by RGS2. Conclusion: This study identifies a novel role of RGS2 in cellular insulin resistance by negatively regulating signaling through the Galpha/q11 pathway to glucose uptake. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Western States Affiliate (California, Nevada &amp; Utah).
The future of psychological therapies for psychosis.
Authors: Philippa A Garety
Journal: World Psychiatry (2003)

The need for psychological therapies for psychosis is increasingly recognised. In recent years, two psychological approaches, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and family interventions (FI), have emerged from among a range of psychological approaches as effective therapies with the strongest evidence base. The theoretical basis of these approaches, within a broader biopsychosocial stress-vulnerability framework, is described. The evidence of effectiveness, drawn from the results of recent systematic reviews of CBT and FI, is summarised. CBT is found to reduce symptoms and FI to reduce relapse, with some evidence of improvement in other outcomes for both approaches. Future directions for these therapies are considered, with particular emphasis on their role in early intervention services and relapse prevention. Promising newer applications of these approaches are also discussed, for example in work with people with a dual diagnosis of psychosis and substance misuse disorder. Finally, training and dissemination issues are addressed. It is emphasised that the integration of psychological therapies within comprehensive service provision is important.
Emergence of high-level azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in England and Wales
Authors: S A Chisholm, C Ison
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

The Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP) in England and Wales has monitored azithromycin resistance since 2001. In 2007, high-level azithromycin resistance (MICs &gt;256 mg/L) was identified for the first time in six isolates, all of which were the same sequence type (ST 649).
High quality placebos should be used
Authors: A. Georgiou
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—In his editorial Kenneth J Rothman states that “as medical knowledge accumulates, the number of placebo trials should fall” and that “placebo control should no longer be part of the gold standard.”1 I disagree with the latter statement. The main purposes of the placebo are to protect evaluations of outcome from (i) the effects of experimenter bias, by enabling blind assessment; and (ii) the influence of patients' expectations, by controlling for non-specific aspects of health …
THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PUTRID LUNG ABSCESS WITH PENICILLIN AND SULFADIAZINE
Authors: B P STIVELMAN, J KAVEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1949)

Article1 February 1949THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PUTRID LUNG ABSCESS WITH PENICILLIN AND SULFADIAZINEBARNET P. STIVELMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P., JULIUS KAVEE, B.S. M.D.BARNET P. STIVELMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, JULIUS KAVEE, B.S. M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-30-2-343 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAcute putrid lung abscess is one of the most serious of intrathoracic diseases. On the one hand it may lead to an early fatal termination because of toxemia, hemoptysis, embolic phenomena, spill over to the contralateral lung and rupture into the pleura. On the other hand, if an early fatal issue does not ensue, the acute becomes a chronic lung abscess which rarely resolves and requires extensive and difficult surgical intervention and, at best, a prolonged and costly convalescence if recovery or improvement is to be hoped for.Spontaneous recovery from acute putrid lung abscess occurs in but a small...Bibliography1. NEUHOFTOUROFF HAS: Acute putrid abscess of lung: surgical treatments and results in 86 consecutive cases, Jr. Thorac. Surg., 1940, ix, 439-449. NEUHOF, H., TOUROFF, A. S. W., and AUFSES, A. H.: Surgical treatment by drainage of subacute and chronic putrid abscess of the lung, Ann. Surg., 1941, cxiii, 209-220. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. SWEET RH: Lung abscess: analysis of Massachusetts General Hospital cases from 1933 through 1937, Surg., Gynec. and Obst., 1940, lxx, 1011-1031. Google Scholar3. CUTLERGROSS ECRE: Non-tuberculous abscess of the lung, Jr. Thorac. Surg., 1936, vi, 125-155. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. STIVELMANKAVEE BPJ: Penicillin in the treatment of putrid lung abscess, Ann. Int. Med., 1946, xxv, 66-77. Google Scholar5. CORYLLOSBIRNBAUM PNGL: Obstructive massive atelectasis of the lung, Arch. Surg., 1928, xvi, 50. CORYLLOS, P. N., and BIRNBAUM, G. L.: The circulation in the compressed atelectatic and pneumonic lung, Arch. Surg., 1929, xix, 1346. Google Scholar6. COHEN J: Bacteriology of abscess of the lung and methods for its study, Arch. Surg., 1932, xxiv, 171-188. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication July 1, 1947.From the Chest Service of the Harlem Hospital, New York City. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byModern History of Surgical Management of Lung Abscess: From Harold Neuhof to Current ConceptsAnaerobic infectionsEitrige und brandige Erkrankungen der LungeLung abscess—A medicosurgical problemLUNG ABSCESS AND BRONCHIAL CATHETERIZATION 1 February 1949Volume 30, Issue 2Page: 343-363KeywordsAbscessesConvalescenceLungsPenicillinRespiratory system proceduresThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1949 PDF downloadLoading ...
特定的蔬菜和水果可以预防糖尿病？绿叶蔬菜可能对预防糖尿病有效，但要重视增加水果及蔬菜的摄入总量
Authors: Jim, Mann, Dagfinn, Aune, 郝亚平（译）, 包玉倩（校）
Journal: BMJ (2011)

在全球范围内，2型糖尿病的患病率正持续升高，并且丝毫没有下降的迹象。值得庆幸的是，已有临床试验表明，生活方式十预可使糖耐量减退进展为2型糖尿病的风险降低60％。减少糖尿病风险的生活方式干预包括减少总脂肪以及饱和脂肪酸的摄入量，增加蔬菜、水果和全麦谷物的摄入量以及增加体育活动。所有这些方式均有助于控制体重，而这一点是良好预后的重要决定性因素。