tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Strokes in Asians and Pacific-Islanders, Hispanics, and Native Americans.
Authors: F MYatsu
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Stroke in Asian and Pacific-Islander populations remains the principal cause of death among adults, but its incidence in the United States approximates that of Caucasians. Although controversial, uncontrolled hypertension in certain population groups (e.g., northern Japanese) and high dietary saturated fat in others (e.g, Pacific-Islanders) are believed to be responsible for the high stroke incidence rates. The recent reduction in stroke frequency rates in these areas is thought to be the result of better hypertension control. In the Ni-Hon-San Study, the level of hypertension and its frequency were similar in Hawaii and Japan, but ischemic infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage were less frequent in Hawaii. Reduced meat and fat intake may contribute to small vessel disease in Japan. Stroke is the third major cause of death among Hispanic-Americans and Native Americans, yet there is a paucity of information, especially about stroke, in subgroups of these populations. There is also considerable ignorance ...
Mouse phospholamban gene expression during development in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: J RGanim, WLuo, SPonniah, IGrupp, H WKim, D GFerguson, VKadambi, J CNeumann, TDoetschman, E GKranias
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

To establish a murine model that may allow for definition of the precise role of phospholamban in myocardial contractility through selective perturbations in the phospholamban gene, we initiated studies on the role of phospholamban in the murine heart. Intact beating hearts were perfused in the absence or presence of isoproterenol, and quantitative measurements of cardiac performance were obtained. Isoproterenol stimulation was associated with increases in the affinity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump for Ca2+ that were due to phospholamban phosphorylation. To assess the regulation of phospholamban gene expression during murine development, Northern blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses were used. Phospholamban mRNA was first detected in murine embryos on the ninth day of development (the time when the cardiac tube begins to contract). In murine embryoid bodies, which have been shown to recapitulate several aspects of cardiogenesis, phospholamban mRNA was detected on the seventh day (the time...
Detection of transient myocardial ischemia by computer analysis of standard and signal-averaged high-frequency electrocardiograms in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
Authors: SAbboud, R JCohen, ASelwyn, PGanz, DSadeh, P LFriedman
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Electrocardiographic manifestations of transient myocardial ischemia were studied, in 11 patients undergoing angioplasty (PTCA) of a left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis, by the visual inspection of the standard surface electrocardiogram (S-ECG) and the intracoronary ECG (IC-ECG) as well as computer-assisted analysis of the S-ECG. Cross-correlation analysis (CCA) performed by computer was used to compare beat-to-beat variability in ST-T morphology of the S-ECG during different stages of PTCA. CCA was also applied to the signal-averaged high-frequency QRS (SA-HFQ). All patients developed angina during balloon inflation, accompanied by transient marked ST-T changes in IC-ECG in 10 of 11 patients (90%). Visual inspection of S-ECG revealed transient ST-T changes in only 6 of 11 (54%). In contrast, CCA of the S-ECG revealed transient ST-T changes in 9 of 11 (82%). Analysis of SA-HFQ revealed that balloon inflation was associated with a marked reduction in the calculated root-mean-square (RMS) volt...
Keratinocyte-derived microvesicle particles mediate ultraviolet B radiation–induced systemic immunosuppression
Authors: Langni Liu, Azeezat A. Awoyemi, Katherine E. Fahy, Pariksha Thapa, Christina Borchers, Benita Y. Wu, Cameron L. McGlone, Benjamin Schmeusser, Zafer Sattouf, Craig A. Rohan, Amy R. Williams, Elizabeth E. Cates, Christina Knisely, Lisa E. Kelly, Ji C. Bihl, David R. Cool, Ravi P. Sahu, Jinju Wang, Yanfang Chen, Christine M. Rapp, Michael G. Kemp, R. Michael Johnson, Jeffrey B. Travers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

A complete carcinogen, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation (290–320 nm), is the major cause of skin cancer. UVB-induced systemic immunosuppression that contributes to photocarcinogenesis is due to the glycerophosphocholine-derived lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF). A major question in photobiology is how UVB radiation, which only absorbs appreciably in the epidermal layers of skin, can generate systemic effects. UVB exposure and PAF receptor (PAFR) activation in keratinocytes induce the release of large numbers of microvesicle particles (MVPs; extracellular vesicles ranging from 100 to 1000 nm in size). MVPs released from skin keratinocytes in vitro in response to UVB (UVB-MVPs) are dependent on the keratinocyte PAFR. Here, we used both pharmacologic and genetic approaches in cells and mice to show that both the PAFR and enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) were necessary for UVB-MVP generation. Our discovery that the calcium-sensing receptor is a keratinocyte-selective MVP marker allowed us to determine that UVB-MVPs leaving the keratinocyte can be found systemically in mice and humans following UVB exposure. Moreover, we found that UVB-MVPs contained bioactive contents including PAFR agonists that allowed them to serve as effectors for UVB downstream effects, in particular UVB-mediated systemic immunosuppression.
5-year incidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in relation to general risk factors, insulin level, and abnormalities in lipoprotein composition in non-insulin-dependent diabetic and nondiabetic subjects.
Authors: M IUusitupa, L KNiskanen, OSiitonen, EVoutilainen, KPyörälä
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The 5-year incidence of myocardial infarction and claudication was examined in a group of middle-aged patients (n = 133, 70 men and 63 women) with newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes and nondiabetic control subjects (n = 144, 62 men and 82 women). The effects of general risk factors, plasma insulin level, and lipoprotein abnormalities on the incidence of myocardial infarction and claudication were also evaluated by univariate analyses in both diabetic patients and nondiabetic subjects and by multivariate analyses combining both groups. The age-adjusted incidence of myocardial infarction was higher both in diabetic men (19.4%) and diabetic women (11.0%) than in nondiabetic men (3.2%, p = 0.009) and nondiabetic women (3.0%, p = 0.047). Similarly, the age-adjusted incidence of claudication was higher among the diabetic patients (20.3% vs. 8.0% for men, p = 0.06; 21.8% vs. 4.2% for women, p = 0.003). None of the general risk factors (i.e., low density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, blood pressure, ...
Atherogenesis: a postprandial phenomenon.
Authors: D BZilversmit
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The hypothesis that plasma chylomicrons in persons who ingest a cholesterol-rich diet are atherogenic is evaluated. Evidence is presented that in humans, and experimental animals, chylomicron remnants as well as low-density lipoproteins are taken up by arterial cells. In persons who do not have familial hyperlipoproteinemia, atherogenesis may occur during the postprandial period. Research directions that may contribute to the evaluation of chylomicron remnants as a risk factor for atherogenesis are discussed. Lipoprotein studies after administration of a test meal containing fat and cholesterol are urgently needed.
A Rare Esophageal Metastasis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: S Demirli Atici, I Sert, B Calik
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PA) which is the most common subtype of pancreatic cancer has an aggressive course.Esophageal metastasis(EM) of PA, which has the potential to metastasize to many places,is a rare condition in the literature,and it is difficult to distinguish EM of PA from primary and metachronous esophageal tumors by clinical,endoscopic and radiological imaging methods.
Familial Fatal Varicella
Authors: William De'ak
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The authors of the article, "Familial Fatal Varicella" (<b>206</b>:305, 1968), give apt descriptions of this most distressing complication of chickenpox. My concern pertains to the therapy described. Each one of the five children received a tetracycline antibiotic at some point. This was begun after the appearance of a varicelliform rash in cases A, B, and C, and after signs of upper respiratory infection in cases D and E; in the latter case, the child was 2 years old. Demecocycline hydrochloride was given in spite of recent articles,<sup>1,2</sup>which have pointed out the dangers of the indiscriminate administration of tetracyclines in pediatric practice and have discussed the indications for the use of these drugs. Upper respiratory infections and varicella are not generally considered proper indications. Although case A had bronchopneumonia, few would say that tetracycline is the first drug of choice. In the face of many
Specific binding of [3H]LY186126, an analogue of indolidan (LY195115), to cardiac membranes enriched in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.
Authors: R FKauffman, B GUtterback, D WRobertson
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

LY186126 was found to be a potent inhibitor of type IV cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of canine cardiac muscle. This compound, a close structural analogue of indolidan (LY195115), was prepared in high specific activity, tritiated form to study the positive inotropic receptor(s) for cardiotonic phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as indolidan and milrinone. A high-affinity binding site for [3H]LY186126 was observed (Kd = 4 nM) in purified preparations of canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. Binding was proportional to vesicle protein, was inactivated by subjecting membranes to proteolysis or boiling, and was dependent on added Mg2+. Scatchard analysis suggested the presence of a single class of binding sites in the membrane preparation. Indolidan, milrinone, and LY186126 (all at 1 microM) produced essentially complete displacement of bound [3H]LY186126, while nifedipine, propranolol, and prazosin had little or no effect at this concentration. This represents the...
How to Better Study the Associations Between Physical Activity, Exercise, and Cognitive and Brain Health
Authors: Arthur F. Kramer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Gail A. Greendale, MD; Weijuan Han, MS; MeiHua Huang, DrPH; Dawn M. Upchurch, PhD; Carrie Karvonen-Gutierrez, MPH, PhD; Nancy E. Avis, PhD; Arun S. Karlamangla, PhD, MD
Coronary artery disease regression. Convincing evidence for the benefit of aggressive lipoprotein management.
Authors: H RSuperko, R MKrauss
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDNumerous reports suggest that coronary artery disease can regress with lipoprotein manipulation. Many of these reports lack control groups and contain relatively small numbers.METHODS AND RESULTSTen randomized controlled clinical trials using coronary arteriography to assess the effect of lipoprotein manipulation on the rate of progression and regression of atherosclerosis have been either published or reported as an abstract at a national meeting. These studies were critically reviewed for individual differences and combined clinically applicable lessons. These trials involved a total of 2095 subjects and have consistently reported reduction in the percentage of patients arteriographically defined as progressing (mean, 23.6%) and an increase in the percentage regressing (mean, 20.0%) compared with control groups. Compared with large clinical trials using clinical end points, lipoprotein change was greater, achieving on average a 28% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 11% reductio...
Cardioprotective actions of a monoclonal antibody against CD-18 in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Authors: D JLefer, S MShandelya, C VSerrano, L CBecker, PKuppusamy, J LZweier
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies have demonstrated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are locally activated in reperfused myocardium and contribute to the myocardial cell injury associated with reperfusion. It has been suggested that the adhesion of activated PMNs in reperfused myocardium is mediated by the PMN adhesion molecule CD-18. In the present study, we performed experiments to determine if the specific anti-CD-18 monoclonal antibody (MAb) R15.7 can prevent PMN adhesion and PMN-mediated reperfusion injury in the heart.METHODS AND RESULTSStudies were performed with isolated, Langendorff-perfused rat hearts (nine per group) in which the hearts were subjected to 20 minutes of global ischemia followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion. Human PMNs (50 million) and rat plasma (HNRP) were infused directly into the coronary circulation of nonischemic and postischemic hearts. When HNRP was administered to nonischemic hearts, no significant alterations in coronary flow, left ventricular developed pressure, or lef...
The prognostic value of serological titres for clinical outcomes during treatment and follow-up of patients with chronic Q fever
Authors: Sheila B. Buijs, Sonja E. van Roeden, Cornelis H. van Werkhoven, Andy I.M. Hoepelman, Peter C. Wever, Chantal P. Bleeker-Rovers, Jan Jelrik Oosterheert
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2021)

We assessed the prognostic value of phase I IgG titres during treatment and follow-up of chronic Q fever.We performed a retrospective cohort study to analyse the course of phase I IgG titres in chronic Q fever. We used a multivariable time-varying Cox regression to assess our primary (first disease-related event) and secondary (therapy failure) outcomes. In a second analysis, we evaluated serological characteristics after 1 year of therapy (fourfold decrease in phase I IgG titre, absence of phase II IgM and reaching phase I IgG titre of ≤1:1024) with multivariable Cox regression.In total, 337 patients that were treated for proven (n = 284, 84.3%) or probable (n = 53, 15.7%) chronic Q fever were included. Complications occurred in 190 (56.4%), disease-related mortality in 71 (21.1%) and therapy failure in 142 (42.1%) patients. The course of phase I IgG titres was not associated with first disease-related event (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.86-1.15) or therapy failure (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.91-1.15). Similar results were found for the serological characteristics for the primary (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.62-1.51; HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.66-1.90; HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.57-1.69, respectively) and secondary outcomes (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.57-1.29; HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.86-2.18; HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.48-1.34, respectively).Coxiella burnetii serology does not reliably predict disease-related events or therapy failure during treatment and follow-up of chronic Q fever. Alternative markers for disease management are needed, but, for now, management should be based on clinical factors, PCR results, and imaging results.
Endothelium-dependent arterial vasoconstriction after balloon angioplasty.
Authors: T AFischell, UNellessen, D EJohnson, RGinsburg
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To determine whether balloon angioplasty can provoke arterial vasoconstriction independent of platelet aggregation and neurogenic input, we studied the spontaneous vasomotor effects of balloon dilatation in isolated, perfused whole-vessel segments of rabbit aorta and pig carotid artery. Freshly dissected rabbit thoracic aortas were mounted in a muscle bath-perfusion chamber, perfused with physiologic saline solution at 70 mm Hg, and allowed to equilibrate. The proximal or distal half of the aortas were dilated with either a large (5 mm, 31-51% stretch beyond relaxed diameter) or a small (4 mm, 5-16% stretch) balloon angioplasty catheter with the other half of the vessel serving as the control. A similar series of experiments were performed in pig carotid arteries using large (6 or 8 mm, 48-90% stretch) balloon catheters. The spontaneous vasomotor effects of balloon angioplasty were examined with long-axis, high-frequency ultrasonic imaging combined with computerized edge detection image processing t...
The neutralizing antibody, LY-CoV555, protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates
Authors: Bryan E. Jones, Patricia L. Brown-Augsburger, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Kathryn Westendorf, Julian Davies, Thomas P. Cujec, Christopher M. Wiethoff, Jamie L. Blackbourne, Beverly A. Heinz, Denisa Foster, Richard E. Higgs, Deepa Balasubramaniam, Lingshu Wang, Yi Zhang, Eun Sung Yang, Roza Bidshahri, Lucas Kraft, Yuri Hwang, Stefanie Žentelis, Kevin R. Jepson, Rodrigo Goya, Maia A. Smith, David W. Collins, Samuel J. Hinshaw, Sean A. Tycho, Davide Pellacani, Ping Xiang, Krithika Muthuraman, Solmaz Sobhanifar, Marissa H. Piper, Franz J. Triana, Jorg Hendle, Anna Pustilnik, Andrew C. Adams, Shawn J. Berens, Ralph S. Baric, David R. Martinez, Robert W. Cross, Thomas W. Geisbert, Viktoriya Borisevich, Olubukola Abiona, Hayley M. Belli, Maren de Vries, Adil Mohamed, Meike Dittmann, Marie I. Samanovic, Mark J. Mulligan, Jory A. Goldsmith, Ching-Lin Hsieh, Nicole V. Johnson, Daniel Wrapp, Jason S. McLellan, Bryan C. Barnhart, Barney S. Graham, John R. Mascola, Carl L. Hansen, Ester Falconer
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a public health threat for which preventive and therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Neutralizing antibodies are a key class of therapeutics that may bridge widespread vaccination campaigns and offer a treatment solution in populations less responsive to vaccination. Here, we report that high-throughput microfluidic screening of antigen-specific B cells led to the identification of LY-CoV555 (also known as bamlanivimab), a potent anti-spike neutralizing antibody from a hospitalized, convalescent patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Biochemical, structural, and functional characterization of LY-CoV555 revealed high-affinity binding to the receptor-binding domain, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding inhibition, and potent neutralizing activity. A pharmacokinetic study of LY-CoV555 conducted in cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated a mean half-life of 13 days and a clearance of 0.22 ml hour-1 kg-1, consistent with a typical human therapeutic antibody. In a rhesus macaque challenge model, prophylactic doses as low as 2.5 mg/kg reduced viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract in samples collected through study day 6 after viral inoculation. This antibody has entered clinical testing and is being evaluated across a spectrum of COVID-19 indications, including prevention and treatment.
Effects of dietary and pharmacologic alteration of serum lipids on platelet survival time.
Authors: PSteele, JRainwater
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Platelet survival time (SURV) (autologous labelling with 51Chromium) was shortened (3 +/- 0.03 days; average t 1/2 +/- SEM; normal t 1/2 3.7 +/- 0.03 days) in 88 out of 128 (69%) men with coronary disease. In 35 out of 47 men with hyperprebetalipoproteinemia, SURV was shortened (3 +/- 0.09 days) (74%). Of 30 men with hyperbetalipoproteinemia, SURV was shortened (2.5 +/- 0.10 days) in 26 (87%). Of 51 men without hyperlipoproteinemia, SURV was normal (3.3 +/- 0.10 days) in 24 (47%). Dietary alteration of serum triglyceride was undertaken in 12 men with hyperprebetalipoproteinemia, and in eight a decrease of triglyceride of more than 75 mg% was achieved (324 +/- 21-219 +/- 18 mg%; P less than 0.001) with an increase of SURV (2.2 +/- 0.11-2.8 +/- 0.13 days; P less than 0.001). In four, serum triglyceride increased by more than 75 mg% (279 +/- 14-451 +/- 28 mg%) and SURV decreased (2.7 +/- 0.16-2.3 +/- 0.21 days). Cholestyramine (16 g g.d.) and diet decreased serum cholesterol (348 +/- 7.6-319 +/- 6.3 mg%; P l...
Regional function and perfusion at the lateral border of ischemic myocardium.
Authors: D CHomans, RAsinger, K JElsperger, DErlien, ESublett, FMikell, R JBache
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To determine whether function is depressed in areas of myocardium adjacent to an area of myocardial ischemia, 16 open-chest dogs were studied with both two-dimensional echocardiography and ultrasonic microcrystals. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres during control periods and after coronary arterial ligation. Segments of myocardium adjacent to the area of ischemia were found to have no significant change in transmural blood flow (1.02 +/- 0.38 ml/g/min control vs 0.95 +/- 0.3 ml/g/min after ligation) or subendocardial flow (1.18 +/- 0.41 ml/g/min control vs. 1.19 +/- 0.37 ml/g/min after ligation). Regional function assessed echocardiographically as percent change in segment area was significantly depressed in these normally perfused adjacent areas (69.5 +/- 18.8% control vs 52.5 +/- 19.8% after ligation; p less than .01). There was a significant relationship between proximity to border of infarction and degree of adjacent dysfunction (r = .50, p less than .01 for ech...
Cocaine-induced microvascular spasm in Yucatan miniature swine. In vivo and in vitro evidence of spasm.
Authors: B DNúñez, LMiao, YWang, M MNúñez, M AKlein, F WSellke, J NRoss, VSusulic, G YPaik, J PCarrozza
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The purpose of the present study was to determine the maximal coronary flow reserve (CFR) before and after the administration of successive cocaine doses (0.1, 0.5, 3, and 7 mg/kg IV) for 2 minutes at 10-minute intervals in eight miniature swine. CFR was assessed by the administration of adenosine (0.03, 0.3, and 3 mg IC). Hemodynamic and flow measurements were performed 3 minutes after each dose. Coronary flow (CF) was measured with a Doppler-tipped wire in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Also, microvessels were dissected, and vessel diameters were measured by a videoelectronic dimension analyzer. In vivo, LAD CF increased fourfold, CFR increased twofold, and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) decreased fourfold after the administration of adenosine. In contrast, LAD CF decreased threefold, CFR decreased onefold, and CVR increased sixfold 3 minutes after the administration of cocaine. Adenosine (3 mg) was repeated 4 minutes after the administration of cocaine, and LAD CF incr...
Acadesine and myocardial protection. Studies of time of administration and dose-response relations in the rat.
Authors: MGaliñanes, K MMullane, DBullough, D JHearse
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDAlthough there are many factors that might contribute to tissue injury during ischemia and reperfusion, the loss of adenine nucleotides has long been considered to be of importance. This has led to the study of interventions designed to limit the loss of nucleotides or to enhance the rate of nucleotide resynthesis during reperfusion. Alternatively, the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine might represent a protective response of the ischemic heart because adenosine is considered an anti-injury autocoid. Augmentation of endogenous adenosine levels might be beneficial. For these reasons, the protective properties of acadesine (AICAr: 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside) were assessed in a rat model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.METHODS AND RESULTSThe protective properties of acadesine were studied in the isolated, perfused rat heart subjected to global hypothermic (20 degrees C) ischemia and reperfusion. When acadesine was given as an in vivo pretreatment (100 mg/kg i.v. ...