tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Free-Radical-Mediated DNA Binding
Authors: Peter J. O'Brien
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Free-radical metabolites can be generated metabolically by a one-electron reductase-catalyzed reaction or a "peroxidase" catalyzed oxidation or by photoactivation of a wide variety of aromatic xenobiotics. Radicals may also be generated during lipid peroxidation. Some radicals can react with DNA or bind covalently or noncovalently as a dismutation product or as a dimer, trimer or polymeric product. Modification to the DNA can result in single-strand breaks, loss of template activity, and crosslinking. The binding can prevent enzymic digestion. In some cases, the radicals react with oxygen, resulting before conversion to DNA reactive oxygen species. Most radicals probably do not interact with DNA.
Electrical malfunction at endoscopy. Possible cause of arrhythmia and death
Authors: D. M. Switz
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Gastroscopy-associated electrical shock occurred in two cases, with one death. An ACMI Wappler transformer-powered Hirschowitz flexible fibergastroscope was used. Ideally, endoscopes should not contain electrically conductive material or metals that might corrode. Electrical systems used at endoscopy should conform to the existing standards for "electrically sensitive patient" locations, and should be subject to the routine maintenance procedure prescribed for equipment in such locations by the National Fire Protection Agency. (<i>JAMA</i>235:273-275, 1976)
Profile of men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy at greatest risk of bone complications
Authors: T. L. Krupski, M. R. Smith, W. C. Lee, C. L. Pashos, J. Brandman, Q. Wang, M. Botteman, M. S. Litwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8000 Background: Prostate cancer recurs in 15–35% of patients even when treated early with definitive therapy. Men with rising PSA on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for high-risk disease have the potential to continue on LHRH agonists for years. These hypogonadal men are at risk for osteoporosis and potentially debilitating and fractures. In this study we developed a profile of men at greatest risk for bone complications. Methods: Using 1992–2001 claims data from a 5% national random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we identified men with prostate cancer who initiated ADT in 1992–94. We analyzed all claims for bone complications over 7 subsequent years. We stratified the quartile surviving longest (>2028 days) into those who received ADT for longer or shorter than the median of 697 days. We used logistic regression modeling to formulate adjusted odds ratios for the outcomes of interest. Results: From 1992–1994, 4,494 men with prostate cancer initiated ADT. Caucasians had significantly higher risk for all fractures. Age beyond 85 years (p=0.03) and existing bone metastasis (p=0.001) significantly increased the risk of pathologic fractures. Duration of ADT (p<0.001) and presence of bone metastasis (p<0.001) were strong predictors of osteoporosis/osteopenia. Duration of ADT (p<0.001), age beyond 81 years (p=0.05), and presence of cardiovascular disease (p<0.001) each significantly increased the risk of non-pathologic fractures. ADT was associated with an increased risk of 16%, 30%, and 42% for pathologic fracture, osteoporosis/osteopenia and non-pathologic fracture, respectively. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that initiation of ADT confers a risk of bone complications greater than previously documented: in particular, increased fracture rates of 16–42%. Further, it provides physicians with a profile of who is at highest risk of bone complications. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. Abt Associates Clinical Trials; TAP Pharmaceutical Corp. Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation
Outbreaks of Aseptic Meningitis Associated With Echoviruses 9 and 30 and Preliminary Surveillance Reports on Enterovirus Activity—United States, 2003
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Aseptic or viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis and is associated with an estimated 26,000--42,000 hospitalizations each year in the United States. Enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. Echovirus 9 (E9) and echovirus 30 (E30) have been associated frequently with outbreaks of aseptic meningitis. During March 2003, several state public health departments noted increased reports of aseptic meningitis and, as of August 7, seven states (Arizona, California, Georgia, Idaho, Oregon, South Carolina, and Texas) had reported outbreaks associated with either E9 or E30. This report summarizes the epidemiologic features of the aseptic meningitis outbreaks in five states (Arizona, California, Georgia, Idaho, and South Carolina) and provides an overview of enterovirus activity in the United States during January 1--August 7. Enteroviruses, E9 and E30 in particular, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persons with aseptic meningitis.
Acute obstructive bronchiolitis. Presentation of a fatal case
Authors: C. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1965)

DURING THE PAST 25 years, acute obstructive bronchiolitis, by being cast into the broad category of bronchopneumonia, has all but vanished from the medical literature and tables of vital statistics. Yet, 100 years ago it was a well-described entity, known then as capillary bronchitis.<sup>1-3</sup>Impressed by its asphyxial nature, Morgagni and Laennec called it catarrh suffocante.<sup>1</sup>The cases recently reported by Ham<sup>4</sup>reemphasize both its critical nature and the fact that it can attack young adults with no history of lung disease. In its pure form, it can readily be confused with pulmonary edema, asthma, and bronchopneumonia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 72-year-old woman was admitted for low-grade fever and malaise. Harsh breath sounds were heard over the lung fields. She was given tetracycline and the temperature returned to normal the next day, although some moist rales were heard posteriorly. On the fourth day, however, fever (102
Chirurg, Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influenza Vaccine Composition Recommendation for the 1989-90 Season
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human Growth Hormone in Dwarfism Since Birth
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE CANTEEN.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 21053: Single Centre Experience of Portico <sup>TM</sup> Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Ramesh G Chokka, Sinny Delacroix, Claudia Cosgrove, Navin Sinhal, Nicholas Montarello, Adam Nelson, Renae Deans, Barbara Copus, Michael Contibas, Kristen Fragnito, Joseph Montarello, Stephen G Worthley
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: The Portico TM nitinol based self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) system has the capability of being fully repositioned and retrieved in situ. This study investigates the feasibility and performance of Portico TM valve in subjects with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis up to 6 months post procedure. Hypothesis: The Portico TM system is safe and feasible in the treatment of patients with severe aortic stenosis. Methods: TAVI with the Portico TM system was performed in 83 subjects with severe AS using transfemoral (n=78), subclavian (n=4) and transaortic (n=1) access. Valve sizes included 23mm (n=5), 25mm (n=12), 27mm (n=31) and 29mm (n=35). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was conducted pre and post-procedure and at 1mth and 6months in outpatient clinical follow-ups to evaluate aortic valve (AV) gradients and paravalvular regurgitation. Major stroke, vascular complications and mortality were also assessed in this cohort. Results: The mean age was 82±9yrs, with mean STS score of 5.0% and mean Euroscore II of 5.7%. The mean AV gradient improved significantly from baseline 47±17mmHg to 11±6 mmHg at 1mth and this decrease was sustained at 6 months post procedure; p&lt;0.0001. There were no cases of severe paravalvular regurgitation by TTE at 6 months. The 30-day mortality was 1.2% (n=1) and 6 months mortality was 6.0% (n=5). Two patients (2.4%) had post procedure stroke and both were treated with intravenous thrombolysis with improvement in their symptoms, one patient (1.2%) had major vascular complications requiring vascular intervention and 10 patients (12%) required permanent pacemaker implantation. With regards to patients with impaired LV function, 12 patients (14.4%) had an EF &lt; 55% prior to the TAVI procedure. In this group, there was a 15% improvement in EF at 6 months. Furthermore, 89% of all subjects improved at least one NYHA class at 30 days post procedure and 84% of the subjects improved at least one NYHA class at 6 months follow up. Conclusion: From our single center experience, the repositionable transcatheter Portico TM valve is feasible, safe and promising in the management of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis.
Normal cholesterol levels with lovastatin (mevinolin) therapy in a child with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia following liver transplantation
Authors: C. East
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia produce no normal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, and as a result, LDL accumulates in plasma, causing severe premature atherosclerosis. Two years ago, liver transplantation was performed in a child with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, restoring LDL receptor activity to about 60% of normal and reducing the LDL cholesterol level by 81%. However, the patient's lipoprotein levels remained significantly elevated for her age and sex. Treatment with lovastatin (mevinolin) one year after transplantation produced a marked improvement in the patient's lipoprotein profile. The total and LDL cholesterol levels fell 40% and 49%, respectively, to values within the normal range. The level of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fell 41 %, and the level of total triglycerides declined 28%. While lovastatin therapy decreased the production rate of LDL by 35%, it did not affect the LDL fractional clearance rate. Thus, the combination of liver transplantation and lovastatin restored total and LDL cholesterol levels to normal in this patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2843-2848)
Newly identified biologically active and proteolysis-resistant VEGF-A isoform VEGF111 is induced by genotoxic agents
Authors: Pierre Mineur, Alain C. Colige, Christophe. F. Deroanne, Johanne Dubail, Frédéric Kesteloot, Yvette Habraken, Agnès Noël, Stefan Vöö, Johannes Waltenberger, Charles M. Lapière, Betty V. Nusgens, Charles A. Lambert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

ltraviolet B and genotoxic drugs induce the expression of a vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) splice variant (VEGF111) encoded by exons 1-4 and 8 in many cultured cells.Although not detected in a series of normal human and mouse tissue, VEGF111 expression is induced in MCF-7 xenografts in nude mice upon treatment by camptothecin.The skipping of exons that contain proteolytic cleavage sites and extracellular matrix-binding domains makes VEGF111 diffusible and resistant to proteolysis.Recombinant VEGF111 activates VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) and extracellularly regulated kinase 1/2 in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing VEGF-R2.The mitogenic and chemotactic activity and VEGF111's ability to promote vascular network formation during embyonic stem cell differentiation are similar to those of VEGF121 and 165.Tumors in nude mice formed by HEK293 cells expressing VEGF111 develop a more widespread network of numerous small vessels in the peri tumoral tissue than those expressing other isoforms.Its potent angiogenic activity and remarkable resistance to proteolysis makes VEGF111 a potential adverse factor during chemotherapy but a benefi cial therapeutic tool for ischemic diseases.
Abstract 3725: Numerical simulation of tumor treating fields effects on cell structures: Mechanism and signaling pathway candidates
Authors: Kristen W. Carlson, Nirmal Paudel, Jack A. Tuszynski, Zeev Bomzon
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) have become a fourth modality for cancer treatment. Mild electric fields (~1-4 V/cm) produce few side effects and significantly extend overall survival of glioblastoma patients, and TTFields are in clinical trials for a variety of tumor cell types. Our goal is to uncover TTFields’ mechanism and cell signaling pathways by numerically modeling their effects on sub-cellular structures, such as microtubules (MTs) and their interactions with motor proteins. METHODS: We have built finite element models in COMSOL Multiphysics (tm) of the MT and its micro-environment to test hypotheses on TTFields’ mechanism of action by predicting effects on sub-cellular structures. RESULTS: One model prediction is that current density induced in the MT counter-ion layer by TTFields essentially shunts electric current within them. The strongest current flows through the counter-ion layer surrounding the MT’s C-termini and energy density in this layer likely exceeds the level to disrupt motor protein ‘walk’ along the MT. The energy density is predicted at 10-20 Joules when both the field and the MTs are aligned with the cell axis. A second mechanism examined by our model is disruption of the ‘foot’ of kinesin, released from its C-terminus contact by ATP (10-19 Joules). The final phase of the walk is driven by thermal buffeting of the forward foot randomly positioning it near enough to the C-terminus for electrostatic forces to bind it. A stall force ~10-19 - 10-16 N from TTFields would prevent diffusion and disrupt the kinesin walk. A recent clinical study segregating patient cohorts treated vs. not treated with dexamethasone found overall survival indefinitely for the non-dexamethosone cohort, leading us to hypothesize that TTFields activate the intrinsic Bcl2-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. Future modeling will seek to tie disruption of motor protein transport along MTs to activating intrinsic apoptosis, e.g. via failure to silence the G2 cell cycle checkpoint. CONCLUSION: Our modeling predicts that TTFields in cytosol induce electric currents along MTs that are strong enough to disrupt key cellular functions such as the kinesin walk and C-termini transitions, both of which are crucial for motor protein transport. Hence, TTFields disrupt the most delicate mechanisms involved in the carefully-orchestrated succession of steps in mitosis. Citation Format: Kristen W. Carlson, Nirmal Paudel, Jack A. Tuszynski, Zeev Bomzon. Numerical simulation of tumor treating fields effects on cell structures: Mechanism and signaling pathway candidates [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3725.
Incorrect Figure
Authors: Ross Andersen, Carlos Crespo, Susan Bartlett, Michael Pratt
Journal: JAMA (1998)

cents.We agree that the methods used in our study do not provide the most accurate assessment of vigorous physical activity in children.While use of measurement devices such as heart rate recording or accelerometers is preferable, such measurements are not practical in a large national survey.Although the accuracy of self-report of vigorous activity from children does warrant examination, it is unlikely that most parents could provide data that were more reliable.The subjective assessment of vigorous physical activity by a child may also differ from what parents consider vigorous, especially among overweight children.We continue to stress that all health care professionals should create opportunities to encourage youth to minimize sedentary behaviors and to participate in physical activity that may be continued for a lifetime of healthy living.
Palbociclib plus fulvestrant as first-line therapy for patients with locally advanced, inoperable or metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer in Germany: Interim results of the INGE-B phase II study
Authors: A. Welt, M.K. Welslau, D. Lüftner, M. Deryal, R. Liersch, J. Sahlmann, L. Houet, C. Vannier, N. Marschner, K. Potthoff
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Background: In the PALOMA-3 trial, palbociclib plus fulvestrant demonstrated a clinically meaningful improvement in overall survival compared with fulvestrant plus placebo in patients (pts) with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer who had relapsed or progressed on prior endocrine therapy (Turner NC et al., NEJM 2018). Detailed analyses for first-line (1L) and later-line (2L+) therapy are still limited. Methods: The prospective, multicenter phase 2 INGE-B trial was designed to generate efficacy and safety data on the combination of palbociclib with letrozole (1L) or fulvestrant (1L, 2L+) in accordance with the PALOMA trials and to generate so far lacking trial data on the combination of palbociclib with anastrozole (1L), exemestane (1L) or letrozole (2L+). This pre-planned interim analysis was conducted to evaluate data on pts receiving palbociclib plus fulvestrant as 1L or 2L+ therapy. The primary objective was the clinical benefit rate (CBR) in pts with measurable disease according to RECIST v1.1. Key secondary endpoints included the overall response rate (ORR), the CBR for all pts, and safety. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: At the cut-off date of the interim analysis (Dec 17, 2018), 124 pts have been recruited from 03/2017 through 06/2018 at 47 sites across Germany to receive palbociclib plus fulvestrant (1L: 57 pts; 2L+: 67 pts). Of those, 54 pts treated in 1L were evaluable. Median age was 69.5 years, 96.3% of pts had an ECOG performance score of 0 or 1. 31.5% of pts had bone-only disease. The CBR was 58% (n = 21) for the 36 pts with measurable disease (RECIST v1.1) and 65% (n = 35) for all pts (investigator assessment). The ORRs were 36% and 30%, respectively. Grade 3/4 adverse events experienced by at least 10% of pts were neutropenia (n = 17, 31.5%) and leukopenia (n = 8, 14.9%). Conclusions: This INGE-B interim analysis showed for the first time a remarkable clinical benefit for palbociclib plus fulvestrant as first-line therapy for pts with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer. No new safety signals emerged. Clinical trial identification: EudraCT-Nr. 2015-001603-32 29-JAN-2016. Legal entity responsible for the study: Iomedico AG. Funding: Pfizer Pharma GmbH. Disclosure: A. Welt: Advisory boards: AstraZeneca, Novartis, Roche, Eisai, Pfizer, Amgen, Lilly; Fees: COCS GmbH, Iomedico AG, Interplan AG; Funding of scientific programs: Novartis; Stock ownership: None. D. Lüftner: Stock ownership: None; Membership on an advisory board or board of directors: Amgen, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Celgene, AstraZeneca; Corporate-sponsored research: Novartis. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.