tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Simulated COVID-19 Vaccination and Nonpharmaceutical Interventions With Infections, Hospitalizations, and Mortality
Authors: Mehul D. Patel, Erik Rosenstrom, Julie S. Ivy, Maria E. Mayorga, Pinar Keskinocak, Ross M. Boyce, Kristen Hassmiller Lich, Raymond L. Smith, Karl T. Johnson, Paul L. Delamater, Julie L. Swann
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to significantly reduce transmission and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The relative importance of vaccination strategies and nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) is not well understood.To assess the association of simulated COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and coverage scenarios with and without NPIs with infections, hospitalizations, and deaths.An established agent-based decision analytical model was used to simulate COVID-19 transmission and progression from March 24, 2020, to September 23, 2021. The model simulated COVID-19 spread in North Carolina, a US state of 10.5 million people. A network of 1 017 720 agents was constructed from US Census data to represent the statewide population.Scenarios of vaccine efficacy (50% and 90%), vaccine coverage (25%, 50%, and 75% at the end of a 6-month distribution period), and NPIs (reduced mobility, school closings, and use of face masks) maintained and removed during vaccine distribution.Risks of infection from the start of vaccine distribution and risk differences comparing scenarios. Outcome means and SDs were calculated across replications.In the worst-case vaccination scenario (50% efficacy, 25% coverage), a mean (SD) of 2 231 134 (117 867) new infections occurred after vaccination began with NPIs removed, and a mean (SD) of 799 949 (60 279) new infections occurred with NPIs maintained during 11 months. In contrast, in the best-case scenario (90% efficacy, 75% coverage), a mean (SD) of 527 409 (40 637) new infections occurred with NPIs removed and a mean (SD) of 450 575 (32 716) new infections occurred with NPIs maintained. With NPIs removed, lower efficacy (50%) and higher coverage (75%) reduced infection risk by a greater magnitude than higher efficacy (90%) and lower coverage (25%) compared with the worst-case scenario (mean [SD] absolute risk reduction, 13% [1%] and 8% [1%], respectively).Simulation outcomes suggest that removing NPIs while vaccines are distributed may result in substantial increases in infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. Furthermore, as NPIs are removed, higher vaccination coverage with less efficacious vaccines can contribute to a larger reduction in risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with more efficacious vaccines at lower coverage. These findings highlight the need for well-resourced and coordinated efforts to achieve high vaccine coverage and continued adherence to NPIs before many prepandemic activities can be resumed.
POS1388 ULTRASOUND FOR PANNICULITIS
Authors: A. Potapova, O. Egorova, O. Alekseeva, A. Volkov, S. Radenska-Lopovok
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Background: Ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive and safe imaging method that allows in vivo differentiation of the morphological structures of subcutaneous fat (SCF) tissue in in normal and pathology. Objectives: Reveal features of ultrasound changes in SCF in panniculitis (Pn). Methods: 57 patients (f – 45, m - 12) aged 18 - 67 years with an initial diagnosis of erythema nodosum and a disease duration of 3.6 ± 1.4 years were examined. In addition to the general clinical examination, a computed tomography of the chest organs and a pathomorphological examination of a skin biopsy from the site of the node were performed. Ultrasound was performed on a MyLabTwice apparatus (ESAOTE, Italy) using a multi-frequency linear transducer (10-18 MHz) with the PD technique, the parameters of which were adapted for recording low-speed flows (PRF 300-600 Hz, low filter, dynamic range - 20-40 dB), the presence of vascularization was assessed not only in the affected area, but also on the contralateral side using high-energy Doppler. Results: 33 patients were diagnosed with septal Pn (SPn), 24 - lobular Pn (LPn). In all cases, the diagnosis was verified by histological examination. Ultrasound made it possible to assess the thickness, echoicity and vascularization of the SCF. In 35 patients, significant thickening of the SCF was revealed (as compared to the contralateral side), of which in 14 cases with SPn, in 21 - with LPn. Significant diffuse thickening of the SCF with the contralateral side was observed in 18 patients, incl. in 12 (66%) patients with LPn. Limited thickening was more typical for SPn (73%). A significant increase in the echoicity of the SCF was noted in all forms of Pn. A “lobular” echo pattern with an anechogenic environment was observed in 25 patients, of which 18 (72%) had LPn. An increase in vascularization compared to the contralateral side was recorded in 30 cases (SPn-17, LPn-13). Conclusion: The obtained preliminary results indicate the important role of ultrasound in assessing the depth and prevalence of the inflammatory process at Pn. To clarify the diagnostic value of this method, further studies are needed on a larger sample of patients. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Correction: Macrophage HIF-1α Is an Independent Prognostic Indicator in Kidney Cancer
Authors: Sophie J. Cowman, Daniel G. Fuja, Xian-De Liu, Rebecca S. Slack Tidwell, Neelima Kandula, Deepika Sirohi, Archana M. Agarwal, Lyska L. Emerson, Sheryl R. Tripp, Jeffrey S. Mohlman, Miekan Stonhill, Guillermina Garcia, Christopher J. Conley, Adam A. Olalde, Timothy Sargis, Adela Ramirez-Torres, Jose A. Karam, Christopher G. Wood, Kanishka Sircar, Pheroze Tamboli, Kenneth Boucher, Benjamin Maughan, Benjamin T. Spike, Thai H. Ho, Neeraj Agarwal, Eric Jonasch, Mei Yee Koh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

In the original version of this article (1), the wrong files were supplied for Figs. 5B and C. The figures and related article text have been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of this article. The authors regret these errors.
Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis for the Management of Ulcerative Colitis Is Associated With Significant Disability
Authors: Maia Kayal, Ryan C. Ungaro, Alexa Riggs, Kanika Kamal, Manasi Agrawal, Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg, Jordan Axelrad, Adam Faye, Ellen Scherl, Garrett Lawlor, Keith Sultan, Dana Lukin, Marla C. Dubinsky, Jean Frederic Colombel
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
Dosing of losartan in men versus women with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the <scp>HEAAL</scp> trial
Authors: João Pedro Ferreira, Marvin A. Konstam, John J.V. McMurray, Javed Butler, Nicolas Girerd, Patrick Rossignol, Abhinav Sharma, Adriaan A. Voors, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Milton Packer, Faiez Zannad
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)
OP0207 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DEMENTIA AND GOUT: A NATIONWIDE POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Authors: J. Kim, H. M. P. Park, D. H. Yim, I. A. Choi, S. Y. Eom
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Background: Dementia is a common mental illness associated with aging. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Vascular dementia (VaD) are the most common causes of dementia in the elderly. In previous studies, hyperuricemia was suggested to have anti-oxidant effects and possible neuroprotective effects [1,2]. Objectives: Hyperuricemia is the most important factor in the pathogenesis of gout. This study aims to investigate association between gout and dementia. Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based study using the NHIS-NSC database of the Korean populations consisted of 1 million individuals between 2002 and 2013. Gout patients were defined by International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 code for gout (M10) and prescriptions for urate lowering therapy including allopurinol, febuxostat and benzbromarone at least 30days. Dementia was also defined by ICD-10 codes for dementia; Alzheimer’s disease (AD; F00), vascular dementia (VaD; F01). Results: Excluded 40 patients with previous diagnosed dementia, total 5,496 gout patients were compared to 27,480 age- and sex-matched control group. The analysis results showed that gout patients had a lower risk of overall dementia [odds ratio (OR): 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-0.99; p &lt; 0.05] after adjusted for age, sex, household income, comorbidities. The risk of VaD (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.32-1.9; p=0.68) and AD (OR; 0.8; 95% CI: 0.53-1.19; p=0.06) tended to be lower in gout group but these were not significant. Conclusion: Gout patients had a lower risk of dementia. This result tended to exist for both AD and VaD type of dementia. References: [1]Hooper DC, Spitsin S, Kean RB, et al. Uric acid, a natural scavenger of peroxynitrite, in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998; 95: 675–80. [2]Bowman GL, Shannon J, Frei B, et al. Uric acid as a CNS antioxidant. J Alzheimer’s Dis. 2010; 19: 1331–6. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Longitudinal Changes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Resettlement Among Yazidi Female Refugees Exposed to Violence
Authors: Jana Katharina Denkinger, Caroline Rometsch, Martha Engelhardt, Petra Windthorst, Johanna Graf, Phuong Pham, Niamh Gibbons, Stephan Zipfel, Florian Junne
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent among refugees surviving mass atrocities, especially among women. Longitudinal studies investigating factors associated with PTSD course are essential to enable adequate treatment yet widely lacking. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify longitudinal changes in PTSD severity and posttraumatic coping among severely traumatized female refugees as well as risk and protective factors for PTSD course. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This prospective cohort study took place in 14 German cities in the context of a humanitarian admission program that resettled 1000 especially vulnerable women and children from northern Iraq to Germany. Approximately 400 adult beneficiaries of the humanitarian admission program were eligible for the study. At baseline, a total of 116 of the 400 beneficiaries (29.0%) participated, with 96 (82.8%) of these women participating in the follow-up assessment. The study included a baseline assessment conducted 2 years after resettlement (September 1, 2017, to January 12, 2018) and a 1-year follow-up (August 29, 2018, to January 15, 2019). <h3>Exposures</h3> Violence and/or captivity during the 2014 genocide in northern Iraq by the so-called Islamic State. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Posttraumatic stress disorder severity and coping strategies were assessed in interpreter-aided interviews using the Impact of Event Scale–Revised. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 116 women (mean [SD] age, 32.2 [8.2] years; 115 [99.1%] Yazidi; 1 [0.9%] Christian) participated at baseline. According to the Impact of Event Scale–Revised, a high PTSD severity was found (mean [SD] raw sum score, 60.88 [15.75] of 88, with higher scores indicating greater distress), with no significant change over time. Helpful coping strategies included prayer, belief in collective strength, and belief in personal strength. Earlier symptoms of intrusions (β = 0.389,<i>P</i> = .007) and longer captivity (β = 0.218,<i>P</i> = .02) were identified as being associated with PTSD severity 1 year later. Longer captivity was associated with PTSD aggravation over time (β = 0.227,<i>P</i> = .04). Posttraumatic strengthening in faith (β = −0.206,<i>P</i> = .05) and in social relationships (β = −0.221,<i>P</i> = .03) were associated with a reduction in PTSD symptoms. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that female refugee survivors of genocide are at high risk for severe and chronic PTSD beyond the initial years of resettlement. The findings provide suggestions for mental health care specialized for particularly vulnerable populations.
Racial and Neighborhood-Level Disparities in COVID-19 Incidence among Patients on Hemodialysis in New York City
Authors: Sri Lekha Tummalapalli, Jeffrey Silberzweig, Daniel Cukor, Jonathan T. Lin, Tarek Barbar, Yao Liu, Kwan Kim, Thomas S. Parker, Daniel M. Levine, Said A. Ibrahim
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately affected socially disadvantaged populations. Whether disparities in COVID-19 incidence related to race/ethnicity and socioeconomic factors exist in the hemodialysis population is unknown.Our study involved patients receiving in-center hemodialysis in New York City. We used a validated index of neighborhood social vulnerability, the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), which comprises 15 census tract-level indicators organized into four themes: socioeconomic status, household composition and disability, minority status and language, and housing type and transportation. We examined the association of race/ethnicity and the SVI with symptomatic COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and August 3, 2020. COVID-19 cases were ascertained using PCR testing. We performed multivariable logistic regression to adjust for demographics, individual-level social factors, dialysis-related medical history, and dialysis facility factors.Of the 1378 patients on hemodialysis in the study, 247 (17.9%) developed symptomatic COVID-19. In adjusted analyses, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients had significantly increased odds of COVID-19 compared with non-Hispanic White patients. Census tract-level overall SVI, modeled continuously or in quintiles, was not associated with COVID-19 in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. Among non-Hispanic White patients, the socioeconomic status SVI theme, the minority status and language SVI theme, and housing crowding were significantly associated with COVID-19 in unadjusted analyses.Among patients on hemodialysis in New York City, there were substantial racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 incidence not explained by neighborhood-level social vulnerability. Neighborhood-level socioeconomic status, minority status and language, and housing crowding were positively associated with acquiring COVID-19 among non-Hispanic Whites. Our findings suggest that socially vulnerable patients on dialysis face disparate COVID-19-related exposures, requiring targeted risk-mitigation strategies.
Reduced Proportion and Activity of Natural Killer Cells in the Lung of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Tamara Cruz, Minxue Jia, John Sembrat, Tracy Tabib, Naomi Agostino, Tullia C. Bruno, Dario Vignali, Pablo Sanchez, Robert Lafyatis, Ana L. Mora, Panayiotis Benos, Mauricio Rojas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

"Reduced Proportion and Activity of Natural Killer Cells in the Lung of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 204(5), pp. 608–610
Estimated Annual Number of HIV Infections ─ United States, 1981–2019
Authors: Karin A. Bosh, H. Irene Hall, Laura Eastham, Demetre C. Daskalakis, Jonathan H. Mermin
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

The first cases of Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii) pneumonia among young men, which were subsequently linked to HIV infection, were reported in the MMWR on June 5, 1981 (1).At year-end 2019, an estimated 1.2 million persons in the United States were living with HIV infection (2).Using data reported to the National HIV Surveillance System, CDC estimated the annual number of new HIV infections (incidence) among persons aged ≥13 years in the United States during 1981-2019.Estimated annual HIV incidence increased from 20,000 infections in 1981 to a peak of 130,400 infections in 1984 and 1985.Incidence was relatively stable during 1991-2007, with approximately 50,000-58,000 infections annually, and then decreased in recent years to 34,800 infections in 2019.The majority of infections continue to be attributable to male-to-male sexual contact (63% in 1981 and 66% in 2019).Over time, the proportion of HIV infections has increased among Black/African American (Black) persons (from 29% in 1981 to 41% in 2019) and among Hispanic/Latino persons (from 16% in 1981 to 29% in 2019).Despite the lack of a cure or a vaccine, today's HIV prevention tools, including HIV testing, prompt and sustained treatment, preexposure prophylaxis, and comprehensive syringe service programs, provide an opportunity to substantially decrease new HIV infections.Intensifying efforts to implement these strategies equitably could accelerate declines in HIV transmission, morbidity, and mortality and reduce disparities.To estimate annual HIV incidence among persons aged ≥13 years in the United States during 1981-2019, CDC applied mathematical modeling to data reported to the National HIV Surveillance System.Three eras of HIV incidence estimates were used based on changes in methodology and available data (3,4).*The cumulative number of HIV * HIV incidence estimates for 1981-2006 were derived from the extended backcalculation approach applied to HIV surveillance data reported to CDC through June 2007.HIV incidence in 2007 was estimated using the stratified extrapolation approach applied to HIV surveillance data reported to CDC through June 2011 (https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/reports/surveillance/cdc-hiv-surveillance-supplemental-report-vol-17-4.pdf ).HIV incidence estimates during 2008-2019 were derived from the CD4 model applied to HIV surveillance data reported to CDC through December 2020.
POS1496-HPR IS NUTRITIONAL FOLLOW-UP IN PATIENTS LIVING WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS BETTER WITH TELECONSULTATION? - EXPERIENCE BEFORE AND AFTER PANDEMIC
Authors: I. Mozo, M. Marquez, O. Valencia
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Background: Nutritional follow-up as part of the integral attention for patients living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It made necessary to implement a remote monitoring for the care of the patients and to evaluate the outcomes of the changes in the care model. Objectives: To identify the effects of the telemonitoring intervention within the pandemic scenario and the outcomes of the traditional face-to-face nutrition consultation. Methods: A retrospective analysis of health records and the administrative data base of the patient’s follow-up, between 2019 and 2020, was developed at the arthritis specialized center of the Santa Fe de Bogotá Foundation in Bogotá, Colombia. The outcomes measured include the number of visits per year and the proportion of patients who attend their nutritional follow-up by telemonitoring in 2020 vs patients attending to face-to-face nutrition consultation. Differences in the Body Max Index (BMI) and the changes based on eating habits, defined by the quality of food consumption per day, were also measured. Results: A total of 212 patients from 2020 and 179 from 2019 were analyzed; An increase of 61.5% in the number of consultations, using nutritional telemonitoring per year, was identified in 2020 (n=412) compared to 2019 (n=255). In patients followed from 2019 to 2020, 13% (10/77) experienced an increase of more than 2 units of their BMI, while 22% (17/77) showed a decrease; in 2% of patients was not possible to evaluate their current weight; in the same way, 49% (103/212) in 2020 showed a positive change in their feeding habits compared with a 12% (21/179) in 2019. 135 new patients were recruited for nutritional telemonitoring 2020. Conclusion: Nutritional telemonitoring to follow-up patients with RA has increased considerably in terms of consultations per year and changes in the feeding habits. However, more evaluation is required for this model. References: [1]Melanie J Martin, Nora Ng, Laura Blackler, Toby Garrood, P227 Remote monitoring of patients with RA: a user-centred design approach, Rheumatology , Volume 59, Issue Supplement_2, April 2020, keaa111.221, https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa111.221 [2]Principio del formulario Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Breast Cancer Risk in Association with Atmospheric Pollution Exposure: A Meta-Analysis of Effect Estimates Followed by a Health Impact Assessment
Authors: Stephan Gabet, Clémentine Lemarchand, Pascal Guenel, Rémy Slama
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

Background: The epidemiological literature of associations between atmospheric pollutant exposure and breast cancer incidence has recently strongly evolved. Objectives: We aimed to perform a) a meta-analysis of studies considering this relationship, correcting for publication bias and taking menopausal status and cancer hormone responsiveness into account; and b) for the pollutants most likely to affect breast cancer, an assessment of the corresponding number of attributable cases in France and of the related economic costs. Methods: We conducted a literature review and random-effects meta-analyses of epidemiological studies examining the association of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5μm (PM2.5), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 μm (PM10), and NO2 long-term exposure with breast cancer incidence; additional analyses were stratified on menopausal status and on tumor hormone responsiveness status. The resulting dose–response functions were combined with modeled atmospheric pollutant exposures in 2013 for France, cancer treatments costs, lost productivity, and years of life lost, to estimate the number of breast cancers attributable to atmospheric pollution and related economic costs in France. Results: The review identified 32, 27, and 36 effect estimates for PM2.5, PM10, and NO2, respectively. The meta-analytical relative risk estimates of breast cancer corrected for publication bias were 1.006 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.941, 1.076], 1.047 (95% CI: 0.984, 1.113), and 1.023 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.041), respectively. NO2 estimated effects appeared higher in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women and higher for hormone responsive positive (ER+/PR+) than negative (ER–/PR–) breast cancers. Assuming a causal effect of NO2, we estimated that 1,677 (95% CI: 374, 2,914) new breast cancer cases were attributable to NO2 annually in France, or 3.15% (95% CI: 0.70, 5.48) of the incident cases. The corresponding tangible and intangible costs were estimated to be €825 million (low, high: 570, 1,080) per year. Conclusion: These findings suggest that decreasing long-term NO2 exposure or correlated air pollutant exposures could lower breast cancer risk. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8419
COVID-19-associated Aspergillus tracheobronchitis: the interplay between viral tropism, host defence, and fungal invasion
Authors: Frank L van de Veerdonk, Roger J M Brüggemann, Shoko Vos, Gert De Hertogh, Joost Wauters, Monique H E Reijers, Mihai G Netea, Jeroen A Schouten, Paul E Verweij
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is emerging as a secondary infection in patients with COVID-19, which can present as alveolar disease, airway disease (ie, invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis), or both. Histopathology of invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis in patients with severe COVID-19 confirms tracheal ulcers with tissue invasion of Aspergillus hyphae but without angioinvasion, which differs from patients with severe influenza, where early angioinvasion is observed. We argue that aggregation of predisposing factors (eg, factors that are defined by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium or genetic polymorphisms), viral factors (eg, tropism and lytic effects), immune defence factors, and effects of concomitant therapies will determine whether and when the angioinvasion threshold is reached. Management of invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis should include reducing viral lytic effects, rebalancing immune dysregulation, and systemic and local antifungal therapy. Future study designs should involve approaches that aim to develop improved diagnostics for tissue invasion and airways involvement and identify the immune status of the patient to guide personalised immunotherapy.