tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GMC is accused of complacency about discrimination in its work
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

It has been known that endothelin-1 (ET-1) exerts important actions in gastrointestinal smooth muscle motility, but its precise mechanism remains unsolved. We investigated the intracellular mechanism of ET-1-induced circular smooth muscle cell contraction in cat esophagus. ET-1 produced contraction of smooth muscle cells isolated by enzymatic digestion. The contraction in response to ET-1 was concentration-dependent. Pertussis toxin (PTX) blocked contraction induced by ET-1 in intact cells. To identify the specific G protein involved in the contraction, muscle cells were permeabilized with saponin. The G<sub>i3</sub> or G<sub>β</sub> protein antibody inhibited the contraction. Neomycin phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor inhibited the contraction, but 7,7-dimethyleicosadienoic acid (phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> inhibitor) and<i>p</i>-chloromercuribenzoic acid (phospholipase D inhibitor) had no effects. Incubation of permeabilized cells with PLC-β<sub>3</sub> isozyme antibody inhibited the contraction. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, chelerythrine [protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor], or genistein (protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor) inhibited the contraction, but not by diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase inhibitor, R59949. To test whether the contraction may be PKC isozyme-specific, we examined the effect of PKC isozymes antibodies on the contraction. PKC-ε antibody inhibited the contraction. To characterize further the specific PKC isozymes that mediate the contraction, we used, as an inhibitor, N-myristoylated peptides (myr-PKC) derived from the pseudosubstrate sequences of PKC-αβγ, -α, -δ, or -ε. myr-PKC-ε inhibited the contraction, confirming that PKC-ε isozyme is involved in the contraction. To examine whether mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate the contraction, specific MAPK inhibitors [MAPK kinase inhibitor, PD98059, (2′-amino-3′-methoxy-flavone), and p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB202190 (4-4-fluorophenyl) 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1<i>H</i>-imidazole)] were used. PD98059 or SB202190 blocked the contraction. ET-1 increased the intensity of the detection bands identified by immunological methods as MAPK monoclonal p44/p42 peptides. PD98059 decreased the intensity of the detection bands compared with ET-1. In conclusion, ET-1-induced contraction in cat esophageal circular muscle cells depends on PTX-sensitive G<sub>i3</sub> protein and PLC-β<sub>3</sub> isozyme, resulting in the activation of PKC-ε- or protein-tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway, subsequently mediating the activation of p44/p42 MAPK or p38 MAPK pathway.
Different spreading dynamics throughout Germany during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a time series study based on national surveillance data
Authors: Andreas Schuppert, Katja Polotzek, Jochen Schmitt, Reinhard Busse, Jens Karschau, Christian Karagiannidis
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic led to substantial differences in incidence rates across Germany.Assumption-free k-nearest neighbour clustering from the principal component analysis of weekly incidence rates of German counties groups similar spreading behaviour. Different spreading dynamics was analysed by the derivative plots of the temporal evolution of tuples [x(t),x'(t)] of weekly incidence rates and their derivatives. The effectiveness of the different shutdown measures in Germany during the second wave is assessed by the difference of weekly incidences before and after the respective time periods.The implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions of different extents resulted in four distinct time periods of complex, spatially diverse, and age-related spreading patterns during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Clustering gave three regions of coincident spreading characteristics. October 2020 showed a nationwide exponential growth of weekly incidence rates with a doubling time of 10 days. A partial shutdown during November 2020 decreased the overall infection rates by 20-40% with a plateau-like behaviour in northern and southwestern Germany. The eastern parts exhibited a further near-linear growth by 30-80%. Allover the incidence rates among people above 60 years still increased by 15-35% during partial shutdown measures. Only an extended shutdown led to a substantial decrease in incidence rates. These measures decreased the numbers among all age groups and in all regions by 15-45%. This decline until January 2021 was about -1•25 times the October 2020 growth rates with a strong correlation of -0•96.Three regional groups with different dynamics and different degrees of effectiveness of the applied measures were identified. The partial shutdown was moderately effective and at most stopped the exponential growth, but the spread remained partly plateau-like and regionally continued to grow in a nearly linear fashion. Only the extended shutdown reversed the linear growth.Institutional support and physical resources were provided by the University Witten/ Herdecke and Kliniken der Stadt Köln, German ministry of education and research 'Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin' (NUM), egePan Unimed (01KX2021).
Child Health Inequities Among State Medicaid Programs
Authors: Edward L. Schor, Kay Johnson
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Portuguese validation of the Cambridge pulmonary hypertension outcome review (CAMPHOR) questionnaire
Authors: Abílio Reis, James Twiss, Margarida Vicente, Fabienne Gongalves, Luísa Carvalho, Alzira Melo, Stephan P. McKena, Luís Almeida
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction and objectives: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic, progressive and disabling disease affecting quality of life (QoL). The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) is a PAH-specific questionnaire that includes measures of symptoms, activity limitations and QoL. It was originally developed in English. The main objective of the study was to adapt the CAMPHOR for a Portuguese-speaking population.  Methods: A multi-step approach was followed: bilingual and lay panel translation; cognitive debriefing interviews; psychometric testing in repeated postal surveys (two weeks apart); and testing for internal consistency, reproducibility and validity. The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) questionnaire was used as a comparator instrument to test convergent validity.  Results: The CAMPHOR was translated without difficulty by the two panels. During cognitive debriefing interviews, the questionnaire was easily understood and considered relevant to patients9 experience with their illness. Psychometric evaluation was performed with 50 PAH patients (47 ± 14 years). Cronbach9s alpha coefficients showed that the scales had good internal consistency [Symptoms (S): 0.95; Activities (A): 0.93, QoL: 0.94]. Test-retest coefficients showed that all scales had excellent reliability (S: 0.94; A: 0.89; QoL: 0.93), indicating low levels of random measurement error. The CAMPHOR correlated as expected with the NHP. The magnitudes of correlations followed a similar pattern to those in the original development study.  Conclusions: A valid and reliable Portuguese version of CAMPHOR was developed and is recommended for use.
IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing CD8<sup>+</sup> T (Tc17-1) cells in combination with poly-ICLC and peptide vaccine exhibit antiglioma activity
Authors: Takayuki Ohkuri, Akemi Kosaka, Maki Ikeura, Andres M Salazar, Hideho Okada
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

While adoptive transfer of T-cells has been a major medical breakthrough for patients with B cell malignancies, the development of safe and effective T-cell-based immunotherapy for central nervous system (CNS) tumors, such as glioblastoma (GBM), still needs to overcome multiple challenges, including effective homing and persistence of T-cells. Based on previous observations that interleukin (IL)-17-producing T-cells can traffic to the CNS in autoimmune conditions, we evaluated CD8+ T-cells that produce IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (Tc17-1) cells in a preclinical GBM model.We differentiated Pmel-1 CD8+ T-cells into Tc17-1 cells and compared their phenotypic and functional characteristics with those of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T (Tc1) and IL-17-producing CD8+ T (Tc17) cells. We also evaluated the therapeutic efficacy, persistence, and tumor-homing of Tc17-1 cells in comparison to Tc1 cells using a mouse GL261 glioma model.In vitro, Tc17-1 cells demonstrated profiles of both Tc1 and Tc17 cells, including production of both IFN-γ and IL-17, although Tc17-1 cells demonstrated lesser degrees of antigen-specific cytotoxic activity compared with Tc1 cells. In mice-bearing intracranial GL261-Quad tumor and treated with temozolomide, Tc1 cells, but not Tc17-1, showed a significant prolongation of survival. However, when the T-cell transfer was combined with poly-ICLC and Pmel-1 peptide vaccine, both Tc1 and Tc17-1 cells exhibited significantly prolonged survival associated with upregulation of very late activation antigen-4 on Tc17-1 cells in vivo. Glioma cells that recurred following the therapy lost the susceptibility to Pmel-1-derived cytotoxic T-cells, indicating that immuno-editing was a mechanism of the acquired resistance.Tc17-1 cells were equally effective as Tc1 cells when combined with poly-ICLC and peptide vaccine treatment.
Abstract 20511: Unexpected Enrichment of Cardiac Myosin Light Chain Kinase at the Z-Disc and Interaction to Alpha-Actinin-2
Authors: James Fleming, Minh Nguyen, Joshua Kiser, Cassandra Doll, Sixue Chen, Yohei Tanada, Hideko Kashara
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The Z-disc not only crosslinks thin filaments, but is a focal point for signaling in striated muscle. Cardiac myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK) encoded by the Mylk3 gene is specifical...
Bloodstream infections in patients with rectal colonization by Klebsiella pneumoniae producing different type of carbapenemases: a prospective, cohort study (CHIMERA study)
Authors: Marco Falcone, Giusy Tiseo, Valentina Galfo, Cesira Giordano, Alessandro Leonildi, Emanuele Marciano, Paolo De Simone, Giandomenico Biancofiore, Ugo Boggi, Simona Barnini, Francesco Menichetti
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2021)
A rare case of bilateral Killian-Jamieson diverticula treated endoscopically
Authors: Catarina Félix, Pedro Barreiro, José Rodrigues, Rui Mendo, Catarina O’Neill, Cristina Chagas
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A 68-year-old man presented with progressive dysphagia to solids and liquids, regurgitation of undigested food, and weight loss for the past three years. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy followed by a barium esophagram revealed two contralateral diverticula in the cervical esophagus just below the cricopharyngeus. They measured 2 cm and 4 cm and were filled with food debris, consistent with two synchronous Killian-Jamieson diverticula ([Fig. 1]). After multidisciplinary evaluation, endoscopic treatment was proposed.
British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of people with vitiligo 2021
Authors: V. Eleftheriadou, R. Atkar, J. Batchelor, B. McDonald, L. Novakovic, J.V. Patel, J. Ravenscroft, E. Rush, D. Shah, R. Shah, L. Shaw, A.R. Thompson, M. Hashme, L.S. Exton, M.F. Mohd Mustapa, L. Manounah
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Abstract Linked Comment: K. Ezzedine and A.G. Pandya. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:3–4. Plain language summary available online
Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of 223 patients with mycosis fungoides at a single tertiary center in Korea: A 29-year review
Authors: Kee Suck Suh, Min Soo Jang, Jang Hwan Jung, Do Ik Kwon, Seol Hwa Seong, Kang Hoon Lee, Jong Bin Park
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Extracellular vesicle– and particle-mediated communication shapes innate and adaptive immune responses
Authors: Fanny A. Pelissier Vatter, Michele Cioffi, Samer J. Hanna, Ines Castarede, Simone Caielli, Virginia Pascual, Irina Matei, David Lyden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

Intercellular communication among immune cells is vital for the coordination of proper immune responses. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) act as messengers in intercellular communication, with important consequences for target cell and organ physiology in both health and disease. Under normal physiological conditions, immune cell–derived EVPs participate in immune responses by regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. EVPs play a major role in antigen presentation and immune activation. On the other hand, immune cell–derived EVPs exert immunosuppressive and regulatory effects. Consequently, EVPs may contribute to pathological conditions, such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, graft rejection, and cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we provide an overview of the role of EVPs in immune homeostasis and pathophysiology, with a particular focus on their contribution to innate and adaptive immunity and their potential use for immunotherapies.
Abstract 10783: Sustained Endothelial Dysfunction in the Infarct-related Coronary Artery is Associated With Left Ventricular Adverse Remodeling in Survivors of St-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Takeo Horikoshi, Takamitsu Nakamura, Toru Yoshizaki, Yosuke Watanabe, Manabu Uematsu, Juntaro Deyama, Tsuyoshi Kobayashi, Yukio Saito, Kazuto Nakamura, Jyun-Ei Obata, Kiyotaka Kugiyama
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Ischemia-reperfusion causes endothelial injury in the entire vascular tree of the infarct-related coronary artery (IRA). Using serial assessment of coronary endothelial vasomotor func...
Intestinal Microbiota Play a Critical Role in Neutrophil Engraftment Posttransplant and Recovery after Chemotherapy By Stimulating T Cell Production of IL-17A
Authors: KO Ebata, Daigo Hashimoto, Shuichiro Takahashi, Eiko Hayase, Reiki Ogasawara, Takanori Teshima
Journal: Blood (2017)
Nutritional Qualities and Enhancement of Edible Insects
Authors: Arnold van Huis, Birgit Rumpold, Cassandra Maya, Nanna Roos
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2021)

Over the last decade, the urgency to find alternative and sustainable protein sources has prompted an exponential increase in the interest in insects as a human food source. Edible insects contribute suitable amounts of energy and protein, fatty acids, and micronutrients to the human diet. Nutritional values of insects can be manipulated to meet specific needs. Edible insects in food-insecure countries can contribute to improving diets and preventing undernutrition. Bioactive compounds in insects may reduce health risks. Food safety risks are low and mainly relate to those of allergenicity. Strategies to overcome barriers to the consumption of insect products include emphasizing their sustainability, increasing their tastiness, and developing the ability to disguise insects in familiar products. A new sector of insects as food and feed is emerging. Major challenges include legislation, lowering prices by automation and cheap substrates, developing insect products that appeal to consumers, and exploring the health benefits.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions on other notifiable infectious diseases in Germany: An analysis of national surveillance data during week 1–2016 – week 32–2020
Authors: Alexander Ullrich, Madlen Schranz, Ute Rexroth, Osamah Hamouda, Lars Schaade, Michaela Diercke, T. Sonia Boender
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) affect healthcare seeking behaviour, access to healthcare, test strategies, disease notification and workload at public health authorities, but may also lead to a true change in transmission dynamics. We aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic and NPIs on other notifiable infectious diseases under surveillance in Germany. We included 32 nationally notifiable disease categories with case numbers >100/year in 2016–2019. We used quasi-Poisson regression analysis on a weekly aggregated time-series incorporating trend and seasonality, to compute the relative change in case numbers during week 2020–10 to 2020–32 (pandemic/NPIs), in comparison to week 2016–01 to 2020–09. During week 2020–10 to 2020–32, 216,825 COVID-19 cases, and 162,942 (-35%) cases of other diseases, were notified. Case numbers decreased across all ages and notification categories (all p<0•05), except for tick-borne encephalitis, which increased (+58%). The number of cases decreased most for respiratory diseases (from -86% for measles, to -12% for tuberculosis), gastro-intestinal diseases (from -83% for rotavirus gastroenteritis, to -7% for yersiniosis) and imported vector-borne diseases (-75% dengue fever, -73% malaria). The less affected infections were healthcare associated pathogens (from -43% infection/colonisation with carbapenem-non-susceptible Acinetobacter, to -28% for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus invasive infection) and sexually transmitted and blood-borne diseases (from -28% for hepatitis B, to -12% for syphilis). During the COVID-19 pandemic a drastic decrease of notifications for most infectious diseases and pathogens was observed. Our findings suggest effects of NPIs on overall disease transmission that require further investigation. The Robert Koch Institute is the National Public Health Institute of Germany, and is an institute within the portfolio of the Federal Ministry of Health.
Genome Warehouse: A Public Repository Housing Genome-Scale Data
Authors: Meili Chen, Yingke Ma, Song Wu, Xinchang Zheng, Hongen Kang, Jian Sang, Xingjian Xu, Lili Hao, Zhaohua Li, Zheng Gong, Jingfa Xiao, Zhang Zhang, Wenming Zhao, Yiming Bao
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2021)

The Genome Warehouse (GWH) is a public repository housing genome assembly data for a wide range of species and delivering a series of web services for genome data submission, storage, release, and sharing. As one of the core resources in the National Genomics Data Center (NGDC), part of the China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB; https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn), GWH accepts both full and partial (chloroplast, mitochondrion, and plasmid) genome sequences with different assembly levels, as well as an update of existing genome assemblies. For each assembly, GWH collects detailed genome-related metadata of biological project, biological sample, and genome assembly, in addition to genome sequence and annotation. To archive high-quality genome sequences and annotations, GWH is equipped with a uniform and standardized procedure for quality control. Besides basic browse and search functionalities, all released genome sequences and annotations can be visualized with JBrowse. By May 21, 2021, GWH has received 19,124 direct submissions covering a diversity of 1108 species and has released 8772 of them. Collectively, GWH serves as an important resource for genome-scale data management and provides free and publicly accessible data to support research activities throughout the world. GWH is publicly accessible at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gwh.
Temporal Change and Prognostic Value of Platelet Count after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Higuchi Ryosuke, Takayama Morimasa, Hagiya Kenichi, Tamura Harutoshi, Mahara Keitaro, Naito Kazuhiro, Takamisawa Itaru, Shimizu Jyun, Seki Atsushi, Suzuki Makoto, Tohbaru Tetsuya, Iguchi Nobuo, Takanashi Shuichiro, Sumiyoshi Tetsuya, Tomoike Hitonobu
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Co-occurring gain-of-function mutations in HER2 and HER3 modulate HER2/HER3 activation, oncogenesis, and HER2 inhibitor sensitivity
Authors: Ariella B. Hanker, Benjamin P. Brown, Jens Meiler, Arnaldo Marín, Harikrishna S. Jayanthan, Dan Ye, Chang-Ching Lin, Hiroaki Akamatsu, Kyung-Min Lee, Sumanta Chatterjee, Dhivya R. Sudhan, Alberto Servetto, Monica Red Brewer, James P. Koch, Jonathan H. Sheehan, Jie He, Alshad S. Lalani, Carlos L. Arteaga
Journal: Cancer Cell (2021)
Applying radiomics to predict pathology of post chemotherapy retroperitoneal nodal masses in germ cell tumors (GCT).
Authors: Jeremy Howard Lewin, Paul Dufort, Jaydeep Halankar, Martin O'Malley, Michael A.S. Jewett, Robert James Hamilton, Abha A. Gupta, Armando J. Lorenzo, Jeffrey Traubici, Madhur Nayan, Ricardo Romao Nazario Leao, Padraig Richard Warde, Peter W. M. Chung, Lynn Anson-Cartwright, Joan Sweet, Aaron Richard Hansen, Ur Metser, Philippe L. Bedard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

4559 Background: After chemotherapy, &gt; 50% of patients (pts) with metastatic testicular GCT who undergo retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPNLD) for residual masses are found to have fibrosis (F) alone on pathological examination. To minimize overtreatment, better prediction algorithms are needed to identify pts with F who can avoid RPLND. Radiomics uses image processing techniques to extract quantitative textures/features from tumor regions of interest (ROI) to train a classifier that predicts pathological findings. We hypothesized that radiomics may identify pts with a high predicted likelihood of F who may avoid RPLND. Methods: Pts with GCT who had an RPLND for nodal masses &gt; 1cm after first line platinum chemotherapy were included. Preoperative contrast enhanced axial CT images of retroperitoneal ROI were manually contoured. 153 radiomics features trained a radial basis function support vector machine classifier to discriminate between viable GCT /Mature Teratoma (T) vs F. Nested ten-fold cross-validation protocol was employed to determine classifier accuracy. Clinical variables and restricted size criteria were used to optimize the classifier. Results: A total of 82 pts with 102 ROI were analyzed (GCT: 21; T: 41; F: 40). The discriminative accuracy of radiomics to identify GCT/T vs F was 72%(±2.2)(AUC: 0.74 (±0.028); positive predictive value: 67% (48-92%); negative predictive value: 74% (62-84%)(p = 0.001)). No major predictive differences were identified when data was restricted by varying maximal axial diameters (AUC range: 0.58(±0.05) - 0.74(±0.03)). Prediction algorithm using clinical variables alone identified an AUC of 0.71 (±0.15). When these variables were added to the radiomic signature, the best performing classifier was identified when axial tumors were limited to diameter &lt; 2cm (accuracy: 88.2 (±4.4); AUC: 0.80 (±0.05)(p = 0.02)). Conclusions: A predictive radiomics algorithm had an overall discriminative accuracy of 72% that improved to 88% when combined with clinical details. Further independent validation is required to assess whether radiomics, in conjunction with standard clinical predictors, may allow pts with a high predicted likelihood of F to avoid RPLND.