tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
State-Specific Smoking-Attributable Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost—United States, 2000-2004
Journal: JAMA (2009)

SMOKING CAN CAUSE LUNG AND OTHER cancers, coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic respiratory disease, and other diseases. 1In 2008, CDC reported that cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke resulted in an estimated 443,000 deaths and 5.1 million years of potential life lost (YPLL) annually in the United States during 2000-2004. 2 This report presents statespecific average annual smokingattributable mortality (SAM) and YPLL estimates for the same period among adults aged Ն35 years.The report also compares 2000-2004 average annual SAM rates per 100,000 population with rates for 1996-1999.The analysis was based on data from CDC's Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity, and Economic Costs (SAMMEC) system.*Substantial variation in average annual number of deaths attributed to smoking during 2000-2004 occurred among the states (range: 492 [Alaska] to 36,687 [California]).From 1996-1999 to 2000-2004, declines in SAM rates occurred in 49 states and the District of Columbia (DC), reflecting progress made in lowering smoking prevalence in the United States during the past 40 years.Rates declined in men in 49 states and DC, but declined in women in only 32 states.To reduce SAM rates further, comprehensive evidence-based approaches for preventing smoking initiation and increasing cessation need to be implemented fully, and states should fund tobacco
Lenvatinib combined with transarterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A phase 3, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Zhenwei Peng, Wenzhe Fan, Bowen Zhu, Jiaping Li, Ming Kuang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

380 Background: LAUNCH is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase 3 trial, aiming to assess the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib plus TACE compared with lenvatinib alone as first-line therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Patients with advanced HCC were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either lenvatinib plus TACE (LEN-TACE group) or lenvatinib alone (LEN group). Randomized stratification factors include: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score (0 vs. 1), tumor thrombus (presence vs. absence), body weight (&lt;60 vs. ≥60kg) and site. In both Len group and LEN-TACE group, patients received oral lenvatinib after randomization within 3 days. The initial dose is 12 mg/day for patients weighing ≥ 60 kg, and 8 mg/day for patients weighing &lt; 60 kg. TACE was started one day after initial lenvatinib in LEN-TACE group and then performed on-demand according to the condition of the tumor and liver function. The primary endpoint were overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR, the proportion of patients with complete response or partial response according to mRECIST), and adverse events. The deadline for interim analysis of data is September 20, 2021. Results: Overall, 338 patients from 12 hospital in China were randomly assigned to receive either lenvatinib plus TACE (n = 170) or lenvatinib (n = 168). The median follow-up duration was 18.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.7-23.1 months) in the LEN-TACE group and 17.0 months (95% CI 14.2-19.8 months) in the LEN group. The median OS was 17.8 months (95% CI 16.1–19.5) for the lenvatinib-TACE group and 11.5 months (95% CI 10.3–12.7) for the lenvatinib group (stratified hazard ratio [HR] for death = 0.45, 95% CI 0.33–0.61, P&lt;0.001). The median PFS was significantly longer in the LEN-TACE group than in the LEN group (10.6 vs. 6.4 months, HR[hazard ratio]=0.43, P&lt;0.001). Lenvatinib plus TACE improved ORR compared to lenvatinib alone (54.1% vs. 25.0, P&lt;0.001). The following grade 3–4 AEs were more frequently in the lenvatinib-TACE group than in the lenvatinib group: ALT increased (30 [17.6%] vs. 2 [1.2%], P&lt;0.001), AST increased (39 [22.9%] vs. 3 [1.8%], P&lt;0.001), hyperbilirubinemia (16 [9.4%] vs. 5 [3.0%], P=0.014). Conclusions: In conclusion, this trial showed that the combination of lenvatinib plus TACE can improve clinical outcomes and may be the new first-line treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical trial information: NCT03905967.
Should patients with acute coronary syndromes be managed by cardiologist or general physicians? Results from the prospective registry of acute ischaemic syndromes in the United Kingdom (PRAIS-UK) Diego Perez de Arenaza, Ameet Bakhai, Julian R. Collinson, Marcus D. Flather, Marcelo C. Shibata, William Hubbard, John Davies. CTEU, Royal Brompton and Harefield Trust, London, United Kingdom
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
MARK TWAIN AND OSTEOPATHY.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction: Synthetic Lethal Screens Reveal Cotargeting FAK and MEK as a Multimodal Precision Therapy for <i>GNAQ</i>-Driven Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Justine S. Paradis, Monica Acosta, Robert Saddawi-Konefka, Ayush Kishore, Simone Lubrano, Frederico Gomes, Nadia Arang, Manoela Tiago, Silvia Coma, Xingyu Wu, Kyle Ford, Chi-Ping Day, Glenn Merlino, Prashant Mali, Jonathan A. Pachter, Takami Sato, Andrew E. Aplin, J. Silvio Gutkind
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

In the original version of [this article][1] ([1][2]), the author order is incorrect for Simone Lubrano, Frederico Gomes, Nadia Arang, Manoela Tiago, and Silvia Coma. This error has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors and the publisher regret this
Closed visceral injuries of abdomen and thorax
Authors: J. H. Kennedy
Journal: JAMA (1967)

When a wound penetrates the abdomen or thorax the presence of internal visceral injury must be assumed. On the other hand, "closed" visceral injuries of the abdomen and thorax constitute special problems because the clinical manifestations may be unimpressive early in the postinjury period, as has been emphasized by Simeone.<sup>1</sup>Later, when symptoms develop, a severe physiological derangement may already exist and may compromise the results of therapy. It is the purpose of this presentation (1) to emphasize the importance of precise physiological assessment in preparation of the patient before major surgery required as a result of trauma, (2) to define the frequency of this clinical problem in a general hospital, and (3) to cite specific cases as illustrations of principles in management. <h3>Initial Therapy and Assessment</h3> In a military evacuation system this function is carried out continuously in a triage area. Blood volume replacement is initially started with
Books Received.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Manual of Immunity.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
General Surgery
Authors: L. C. Carey
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This publication is intended to provide backup for professional medical explanations to patients who are anticipating surgical procedures. The book is a loose-leaf production with a format that presents for each procedure a description, reasons it is performed, the risks and benefits, and possible complications. In many instances the preparatory diagnostic studies are also described. Notable throughout is a failure to refer to the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that may be associated with many of the procedures described. In several instances, the classic signs and symptoms of serious postprocedural complications are ignored. In the segments on esophagoscopy and colonoscopy, for example, no reference is made to the signs and symptoms of perforation. The timetable of events is given for some of the procedures, notably laparoscopy, and would have been beneficial in other endoscopic procedures as well. Under the section on computed tomographic scanning, no mention is made of contrast
Antimicrobial resistance: plus ça change
Authors: None The Lancet Microbe
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2021)

This issue marks the first anniversary of The Lancet Microbe. This has been a year of profound change during which the world has experienced the most consequential infectious disease outbreak of the past 100 years. However, although COVID-19 continues to dominate the headlines, progress addressing one of the most significant infectious disease concerns, antimicrobial resistance, remains glacial. The status of antibacterial pipelines was summarised by WHO on April 15 in their report 2020 Antibacterial Agents in Clinical and Preclinical Development: an overview and analysis.
Immunologic constant of rejection signature is prognostic in soft-tissue sarcoma and refines the CINSARC signature
Authors: Francois Bertucci, Vincent Niziers, Alexandre de Nonneville, Pascal Finetti, Léna Mescam, Olivier Mir, Antoine Italiano, Axel Le Cesne, Jean-Yves Blay, Michele Ceccarelli, Davide Bedognetti, Daniel Birnbaum, Emilie Mamessier
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are heterogeneous and aggressive tumors, with high metastatic risk. The immunologic constant of rejection (ICR) 20-gene signature is a signature of cytotoxic immune response. We hypothesized that ICR might improve the prognostic assessment of early-stage STS.We retrospectively applied ICR to 1455 non-metastatic STS and searched for correlations between ICR classes and clinicopathological and biological variables, including metastasis-free survival (MFS).Thirty-four per cent of tumors were classified as ICR1, 27% ICR2, 24% ICR3, and 15% ICR4. These classes were associated with patients' age, pathological type, and tumor depth, and an enrichment from ICR1 to ICR4 of quantitative/qualitative scores of immune response. ICR1 class was associated with a 59% increased risk of metastatic relapse when compared with ICR2-4 class. In multivariate analysis, ICR classification remained associated with MFS, as well as pathological type and Complexity Index in Sarcomas (CINSARC) classification, suggesting independent prognostic value. A prognostic clinicogenomic model, including the three variables, was built in a learning set (n=339) and validated in an independent set (n=339), showing greater prognostic precision than each variable alone or in doublet. Finally, connectivity mapping analysis identified drug classes potentially able to reverse the expression profile of poor-prognosis tumors, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies.ICR signature is independently associated with postoperative MFS in early-stage STS, independently from other prognostic features, including CINSARC. We built a robust prognostic clinicogenomic model integrating ICR, CINSARC, and pathological type, and suggested differential vulnerability of each prognostic group to different systemic therapies.
Promising new technique may accelerate genome mapping
Authors: B. Merz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

CHAOS, CONSENSUS, COMPLETION. That's how Charles Cantor, PhD, envisions the human genome project's progression. Cantor, director of the Department of Energy's Human Genome Center at Lawrence Berkeley (Calif) Laboratory, admits that the effort to map and sequence the human genome is still in the first stage, but he thinks that a new mapping technique using landmarks called sequence tagged sites (STSs) is bringing it closer to the second. Last month, he and 1000 other representatives of science, government, and industry met in San Diego to discuss how to accelerate the pace. The meeting, sponsored by the Human Genome Organization and<i>Science</i>magazine, was one of several recent gettogethers of what may come to be known as the Human Gene Club—a motley crew of geneticists, molecular biologists, chemists, and physicists, each of whom has varied approaches to and stakes in the project. For the first time, there was a glimmer of
The subthalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons mediate adaptive REM-sleep responses to threat
Authors: Yu-Ting Tseng, Binghao Zhao, Shanping Chen, Jialin Ye, Jingjing Liu, Lisha Liang, Hui Ding, Bernhard Schaefke, Qin Yang, Lina Wang, Feng Wang, Liping Wang
Journal: Neuron (2022)
Wall motion score index during dobutamine stress echocardiography best predicts improvement with $beta;-blocker therapy in heart failure patients? Susan Mayer, Paul A. Grayburn, Eric J. Eichhorn, Martin St John Sutton, Christopher Appleton, Jonathan Plehn, Jae Oh, Barry Greenberg, Anthony DeMaria, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, For the BEST Investigators. UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Analysis of tumor-associated macrophages' heterogeneity in colorectal cancer patients using single-cell RNA-seq data.
Authors: Yulia Innokenteva Nussbaum, Yariswamy Manjunath, Jussuf T. Kaifi, Wesley Warren, Jonathan B. Mitchem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

146 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. Though immune checkpoint inhibition has proven effective for a number of other tumors, it offers benefits in only a small group of CRC. In general, heterogenous cell groups in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are considered as the major barrier for unveiling the causes of low immune response. Therefore, deconvolution of cellular components in highly heterogeneous microenvironments is crucial for understanding those mechanisms. Single cell sequencing technology revolutionized TME research enabling profiling cells in high resolution. Methods: We have analyzed scRNA-seq data from 23 CRC patients with pre-treatment primary tumors using Seurat V3 pipeline. To investigate intercellular ligand-receptor interactions, we used CellPhoneDB and CellChat methods. The results of two independent analyses showed 4 CRC samples with no SPP1-CD44 interaction. It is known, that OPN which is the protein encoded by SPP1 gene, binds to CD44 and can cause cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Interestingly, analysis of the cellular composition of all 23 samples did not reveal differences in SPP1+ macrophages’ content for those 4 “no SPP1-CD44” samples. To investigate the mechanisms that could cause differences in SPP1-CD44 expression across the samples, we analyzed developmental trajectories of single cells using Slingshot trajectory inference method. Results: Ligand-receptor interactions analysis revealed 4 CRC samples that lacked SPP1-CD44 interaction that is known to be responsible for tumor progression in CRC. But the proportion of SPP1+ cells was not significantly different in those 4 samples compared to other samples. Trajectory inference analysis showed that the cells from “no SPP1-CD44” samples had high expression of anti-inflammatory macrophage markers in the end of the trajectory. While cells from “high SPP1-CD44” samples had high expression of pro-inflammatory macrophage markers at the same point. Conclusions: Based on our data-driven study, we suggest that SPP1+ macrophages’ heterogeneity may affect SPP1-CD44 interaction. Thus, targeting SPP1+ macrophages that have anti-inflammatory phenotype can potentially interrupt SPP1-CD44 interaction and therefore reduce tumor progression and immune suppression.
Book Review Autism: Current Theories and Evidence (Current Clinical Neurology.) Edited by Andrew W. Zimmerman. 474 pp., illustrated. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2008. $139. 978-1-60327-488-3 (cloth); 978-1-60327-489-0 (e-book). The Ethics of Autism: Among Them, but Not of Them (Bioethics and the Humanities.) By Deborah R. Barnbaum. 233 pp., illustrated. Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2008. $55 (cloth); $21.95 (paper). 978-0-253-35213-2 (cloth); 978-0-253-22013-4 (paper).
Authors: Jeffrey A. Munson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)
Post-endoscopy Barrett’s neoplasia after a negative index endoscopy: a systematic review and proposal for definitions and performance measures in endoscopy
Authors: Madhav Desai, David Lieberman, Sachin Srinivasan, Venkat Nutalapati, Abhishek Challa, Pankush Kalgotra, Suneha Sundaram, Alessandro Repici, Cesare Hassan, Michal F. Kaminski, Prateek Sharma
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Background A high rate of neoplasia, both high grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been reported in Barrett’s esophagus at index endoscopy, but precise rates of post-endoscopy Barrett’s neoplasia (PEBN) are unknown. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed examining electronic databases (inception to October 2021) for studies reporting PEBN. Consistent with the definitions of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer proposed by the World Endoscopy Organization, we defined neoplasia (HGD/EAC) detected at index endoscopy and/or within 6 months of a negative index endoscopy as “prevalent” neoplasia, that detected after 6 months of a negative index endoscopy and prior to next surveillance interval (i. e. 3 years) as PEBN or “interval” neoplasia, and that detected after 36 months from a negative index endoscopy as “incident” neoplasia. The pooled incidence rates and proportions relative to total neoplasia were analyzed. Results 11 studies (n = 59 795; 61 % men; mean [SD] age 62.3 [3.3] years) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled incidence rates were: prevalent neoplasia 4.5 % (95 %CI 2.2 %–8.9 %) at baseline and an additional 0.3 % (0.1 %–0.7 %) within the first 6 months, PEBN 0.52 % (0.46 %–0.58 %), and incident neoplasia 1.4 % (0.9 %–2.1 %). At 3 years from the index endoscopy, PEBN accounted for 3 % of total Barrett’s neoplasia, while prevalent neoplasia accounted for 97 %. Conclusion Neoplasia detected at or within 6 months of index endoscopy accounts for most cases of Barrett’s neoplasia (&gt; 90 %). PEBN accounts for ~3 % of cases and can be used for validation in future. This highlights the importance of a high quality index endoscopy in Barrett’s esophagus and the need to establish quality benchmarks to measure endoscopists’ performance.
Hypofractionated radiotherapy to the pancreas: U.K. experience.
Authors: Suliana Teoh, Ahmad Sabbagh, Jonathan Wadsley, Lori Low, Claire Harrison, Jolyne O'Hare, Rebecca Goody, Kitty Summers, David Wilson, Julie Walther, Fiona Wilson, Ganesh Radhakrishna, Katharine Aitken, Rob Owens, Somnath Mukherjee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

525 Background: During the COVID19 pandemic, many centres in the UK, shifted towards utilising hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) to pancreas. We aim to report the UK experience in hypofractionated radiotherapy to the pancreas in 2020. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients receiving either moderate hypofractionated (15 fractions) or ultra-hypofractionated (3-5 fractions) RT to the pancreas from 7 centres in the UK. Rates of toxicity, progression, death and potential prognostic factors were assessed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed. Results: 92 patients from 7 centres were included in the analysis (median age 71 (range 49-88). 90% had performance status of 0-1. 66% had locally advanced disease. 53% had RT delivered over 3-5 fractions (n = 49, median: 30Gy/5f, range:30-40Gy in 3-5f). The rest had 15-fraction RT with or without concurrent chemotherapy (n = 43, median: 45Gy/15f, range: 36-45Gy/15f). Induction chemotherapy (CT) was used in 64% (FOLFIRINIOX –42/59). Median follow-up was 13 months from first treatment (induction CT or RT). Median overall survival (OS) among all patient was 17 months, (95% CI-14.5-19.5 months). On multivariable analysis, induction CT was the only predictor of improved PFS (median survival (MS) 12 vs 5 months; hazard ratio [HR] 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.44, p &lt; 0.001) and OS (MS 24 vs 11 months; HR 0.15; 95% CI: 0.07 – 0.34, p &lt; 0.001). There were no deaths. 4 patients had grade 3+ toxicities (transaminitis, cholecystitis and gall bladder perforation, small bowel obstruction and diarrhoea) –all had concurrent CT. Conclusions: Our survival outcome appears to be comparable with published data from CT + concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Induction CT appears to improve outcome. Careful selection of patients can help maximise advantage in this patient population.
The hypercoagulable state of type 2 diabetes can be reduced by improving metabolic control: A randomized double blind study Julio I. Osende, Juan Jose Badimon, Valentin Fuster, Phil Rabito, Perry Herson, Azfar Zaman, Oswaldo Rodriguez, Eli I. Lev, Ursula Rauch, Gerard Helft, Jill P. Crandall. Cardiovascular Institute. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)