tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The surgeon.
Authors: Warner Wells
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This is a "novel about a dedicated man and his dramatic life." Dr. Matthew Carter, or Matt Carter to his intimate associates, is a prototype of the modern thoracic surgeon. He lives an austere, harried, and ascetic life with his wife in a midtown apartment that boasts a doorman and entrance awning. The setting could be in one of a number of American megalopolitan agglutinations. To me, the book is a combination of<i>Arrowsmith</i>, Mickey Spillane, and<i>Ben Casey</i>. This impression is in no way meant to be disrespectful to Mr. Heinz, the author. It is obvious throughout the entire book that Mr. Heinz is a genuine and loyal friend of the medical profession. Through his nonprofessional eye he may see the modern, urban, and urbane doctor with more realism and reality than the doctor sees himself. At any rate, Dr. Matt Carter is no easygoing, old-fashioned, relaxed family physician.
Call for papers
Authors: Christiane Rehwagen, Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Interventions that aim to prevent or reduce admissions are therefore unlikely to succeed.It may also be that the approach of community mental health teams, particularly in inner cities, already incorporates features of assertive treatment such as relatively low case loads and dedicated inpatient beds. 17 Another possibility is that as the assertive community treatment teams in our study were new they lacked experience.Finally, an 18 month follow-up may not have been long enough to measure positive change.Assertive community treatment is gaining popularity in Europe, but we found that it cannot be assumed to be preferable to well developed community mental health teams.We thank our funders, the patients and staff of Camden and Islington Mental Health and Social Care Trust, and Peter Tyrer for his chairmanship of the trial's steering group.
Multicenter evaluation of automated quality control of transmission scans for attenuation correction in myocardial perfusion SPECT James R. Galt, Samia M. Arram, James A. Case, James Cullom, Isam Habboush, Ling Shao, Horace Hines, Timothy M. Bateman, Ernest V. Garcia, Multi-Center Trial Investigators. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Cardiovascular Consultants, Kansas City, MO
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Correction
Authors: A Caution, Dr Cooke, Barnfield Eames, A Ambler, Messrs Allen, London Hanburys, Mr Alton, Miss Arkell, E Armour, Edinburgh Aymard's Steriliser Company, Alpba Mr, S Barnes, George Town, Messrs Blair, Co L', H Blenkarne, T Beattie, Stafford Blumer, Mr Barton, B Barrow, F Beach, J Barr, W Bain, L Christian, C Claremont, Miss Chadburn, T Callender, Sidoup Catarrh, ; Capt, E Crookshank, A Coles, George Edmonds, Demerara Town, H Enquiirer, Goring- On-Thames Evans, F Fees, Mr Fox, Mr Frost
Journal: BMJ (1899)
Abstract P159: In-Hospital Lifestyle Interventions to Prevent Secondary Stroke Among At-Risk Patients Varies by Patient Characteristics and Over Time: Analyses From a Large, Multi-Hospital Network
Authors: Elizabeth Baraban, Lindsay Lucas, Kateri Spinelli
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction/Objective: Recent studies show that targeted interventions on lifestyle factors such as weight management and diet can be successful in reducing ischemic stroke (ISC) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) rates. The objective of this study was to examine which subpopulations of patients at risk for secondary stroke presenting to a hospital with an ISC or TIA were more likely to receive interventions in a multi-hospital health system. Methods: Data from 26 hospitals participating in a multi-state healthcare system stroke registry, from January 2009 to December 2015, were used. Patients admitted with a diagnosis of ISC or TIA discharged to home were included. Patients on comfort care or those not discharged home were excluded. At-risk groups included patients with Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 and those prescribed medication for hypertension or high cholesterol in-hospital. Risk-related interventions included educational material given to patients during admission. Mixed effects logistic regression models with backward elimination were used to identify significant predictors of receiving the intervention from the following variables: year of discharge, age, insurance (private, Medicare, other/self-pay), BMI grouping, ambulation status, length of stay, stroke severity, and medical histories of family stroke, previous stroke or TIA, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart failure, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and drug/alcohol abuse. Results: A total of 19,661 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of the 8,334 patients with a BMI ≥ 25, 57% (n=4,717) received weight management intervention. Of the 9,676 prescribed medication for hypertension, 55% (n=5,348) received information on antihypertensive diet. Of the 10,999 patients prescribed medication to lower cholesterol, 64% (n=7,088) received cholesterol lowering diet information. From 2009 to 2015, interventions increased for patients with a BMI ≥ 25 (40% to 66%), prescribed medication for hypertension (37% to 53%), and prescribed medication to lower cholesterol (39% to 67%). The mixed effects logistic regression models showed that all risk groups were significantly less likely to receive intervention if they had lower BMIs, were unable to ambulate versus able to ambulate alone, and had no family history of stroke. For those on medication for cholesterol, patients with Medicare were significantly less likely to receive the intervention compared to those on private insurance or other payment types (AOR=0.78, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: This large patient cohort demonstrates there are improvement opportunities for in-hospital secondary stroke prevention efforts. Over time, prevention efforts have increased for at-risk patients, but many are still not receiving it. The disparity in intervention rates suggest that a more targeted strategy to educate at-risk populations may need to be developed.
China: towards “xiaokang”, but still living dangerously
Authors: None The Lancet
Journal: The Lancet (2004)

Celebrations surrounding last month's Chinese New Year (of the Monkey) will have been twinged with unusual anxiety. True, China's economy is booming. Growth was 9·1% in 2003, helping the world's sixth biggest economy to be on target to overtake the UK by 2006. This rapid development enables China's leaders to claim, fairly, that they are moving towards their goal of "xiaokang"—a well-off society.
Blocking hepatocarcinogenesis by a cytochrome P450 family member with female-preferential expression
Authors: Fubo Ji, Jianjuan Zhang, Niya Liu, Yuanzhuo Gu, Yan Zhang, Peipei Huang, Nachuan Zhang, Shengda Lin, Ran Pan, Zhuoxian Meng, Xin-Hua Feng, Stephanie Roessler, Xin Zheng, Junfang Ji
Journal: Gut (2022)

Objects The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows an obvious male dominance in rodents and humans. We aimed to identify the key autosomal liver-specific sex-related genes and investigate their roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. Design Two HCC cohorts (n=551) with available transcriptome and metabolome data were used. Class comparisons of omics data and ingenuity pathway analysis were performed to explore sex-related molecules and their associated functions. Functional assays were employed to investigate roles of the key candidates, including cellular assays, molecular assays and multiple orthotopic HCC mouse models. Results A global comparison of multiple omics data revealed 861 sex-related molecules in non-tumour liver tissues between female and male HCC patients, which denoted a significant suppression of cancer-related diseases and functions in female liver than male. A member of cytochrome P450 family, CYP39A1, was one of the top liver-specific candidates with significantly higher levels in female vs male liver. In HCC tumours, CYP39A1 expression was dramatically reduced in over 90% HCC patients. Exogenous CYP39A1 significantly blocked tumour formation in both female and male mice and partially reduced the sex disparity of hepatocarcinogenesis. The HCC suppressor role of CYP39A1 did not rely on its known P450 enzyme activity but its C-terminal region, by which CYP39A1 impeded the transcriptional activation activity of c-Myc, leading to a significant inhibition of hepatocarcinogenesis. Conclusions The liver-specific CYP39A1 with female-preferential expression was a strong suppressor of HCC development. Strategies to up-regulate CYP39A1 might be promising methods for HCC treatment in both women and men in future.
Anti-Leukemia Effect of FF-10501-01, a Novel Inosine 5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor, in Advanced Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Including Hypomethylating Agent (HMA) Failures
Authors: Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Hui Yang, Zhihong Fang, Courtney DiNardo, Elias Jabbour, Naveen Pemmaraju, Ricardo Delumpa, Christopher Loiselle, Susan Denton, Whitney Smith, Hiroyuki Iwamura, Teletha Gipson, Michele Rosner, Timothy Madden, Thomas J. Myers, Linda J. Paradiso
Journal: Blood (2015)
An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Section of Psychology
Authors: G. H. Savage
Journal: BMJ (1884)

Before bringing the question before the profession, I should have preferred to wait ard introduce it in a more complete way; but when I found I had to address you, I selected the subject which was en- grossing my attention, and which I was sure would be most interest- ing to yout.In addition, my experience of the method, although not great, extending only over a period of three months, was sufficient to enable me to give you an idea of its value and of its relative innocuousness, and to warrant me in asking you to assist in deter- mining its capabilities and its place (which I expect will be a high one) in the ophthalmic surgery of the future.To summarise, it shortens operations, it puts aside scoops, spoons, and curettes, does away largely with the tedious process of friction through the lids to remove cortex, and enables me to undertake operations of which previously I should not have dreamt.I congratulate you upon the variety and interesting character of the discussions and papers which have been promised.The three subjects for discussion are of a very practical character, and I am confi- dent that I only give expression to the feelings of the members of this Section, when I say that we anticipate that they will be ably handled by the distinguished associates who have undertaken the duty of opening the discussions.I need not refer in detail to the papers to be read.You can judge from the list, that they deal with questions which concern us deeply, and which therefore merit our closest attention.
Dietary exposures to selected metals and pesticides.
Authors: D L MacIntosh, J D Spengler, H Ozkaynak, L Tsai, P B Ryan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Average daily dietary exposures to 11 contaminants were estimated for approximately 120,000 U.S. adults by combining data on annual diet, as measured by a food frequency questionnaire, with contaminant residue data for table-ready foods that were collected as part of the annual U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study. The contaminants included in the analysis were four heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury), three organophosphate pesticides (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion), and four organochlorine pesticides (dieldrin, p,p'-DDE, lindane, heptachlor epoxide). Dietary exposures to these contaminants were highly variable among individuals, spanning two to three orders of magnitude. Intraindividual exposures to the metals, organophosphates, and organochlorines were estimated to be strongly correlated; Pearson's correlation coefficients ranged from 0.28 for lindane:dieldrin to 0.84 for lead:mercury. For some of the compounds (e.g., arsenic and dieldrin), a substantial fraction of the population was estimated to have dietary intakes in excess of health-based standards established by the EPA. Before use for risk assessment or epidemiologic purposes, however, the validity of the exposure estimates must be evaluated by comparison with biological indicators of chronic exposure. Because of their low detection rate in table-ready foods, the estimated distributions of exposures for dieldrin, p,p'-DDE, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos were found to be sensitive to assumed values for nondetect samples. Reliable estimates of the population distribution of dietary exposures to most other contaminants cannot be made currently, due to their low rate of detection in table-ready foods. Monitoring programs that use more sensitive study designs and population-based assessments for other subpopulations should be a priority for future research.
The impact of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer incidence among vulnerable populations.
Authors: Alexander Qian, Vinit Nalawade, James Don Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

68 Background: With the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the number of uninsured patients in states that expanded Medicaid decreased more among racial/ethnic minorities and lower income adults. Increased access to care could influence colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence through increased screening. However, we lack research on whether Medicaid expansion differentially influenced CRC incidence among vulnerable patient subgroups. This population-based study examines whether Medicaid expansion with the ACA was associated with decreased CRC incidence among racial/ethnic minorities, and adults with lower income. Methods: We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database to calculate the age-adjusted incidence rates of CRC among patients under 65 years of age diagnosed between 2010 and 2018. We categorized states into two groups: states that expanded Medicaid on January 1, 2014, and states that did not expand Medicaid over the study period. We determined the change in CRC incidence before Medicaid expansion (2010-2013) and after Medicaid expansion (2014-2018). We used a difference-in-difference approach to determine whether changes in CRC incidence differed by expansion status among all patients and among subgroups stratified by race/ethnicity and other socioeconomic indicators. Results: Among the entire study cohort, from 2010-2013 to 2014-2018, rates of CRC (per 100,000) increased from 26.6 to 28.3, and this increasing rate did not differ by ACA expansion status (p=0.48). We found that the impact of ACA expansion on CRC incidence varied by race/ethnicity. The increase in CRC rates was higher among non-ACA expansion states compared to ACA expansion states for Hispanics (5.4 vs. 1.6 increase per 100,000; p=0.002), and Asian or Pacific Islanders (4.3 vs. 0.4 increase per 100,000; p=0.02), but not with Black (p=0.94), or non-Hispanic white patients (p=0.91). The change in CRC incidence between 2010-2013 and 2014-2018 did not differ by county-level household income, fraction under the federal poverty level, or education level (all p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: This study found that Medicaid expansion through the ACA might differentially benefit Hispanic and Asian patients with respect to decreases in CRC incidence. This study reports on the first 5 years after the ACA, though the true benefits of increased access to care may take longer to manifest. Additional research with longer follow-up is required to fully understand the influence of Medicaid expansion.
Applicability of advanced endoscopic balloon-type irreversible electroporation catheter on the esophagus: Preclinical animal study.
Authors: Han Jo Jeon, Hyuk Soon Choi, Jin Young Park, Ji Young Yoon, Geon Park, Jeong Yoon Sim, Eun Joo Bang, Sang Hyun Kim, Kang Won Lee, Jae Min Lee, Eun Sun Kim, Bora Keum, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hong Sik Lee, Hoon Jai Chun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

339 Background: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new destructive technique that removes undesirable tissues using an electric field. Main mechanism of IRE is through the creation of permanent, nano-sized pores on the cell membranes, resulting in cell death. It poses, however, one technical challenge as contractions of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract may prevent IRE from effectively electroporate the cell. The present study aims to demonstrate the applicability of this newly designed endoscopic balloon-type IRE catheter in destroying undesired tissues. Methods: The electrical field generated at 1500V with 40 pulses during ablation with the balloon-type catheter in esophagus were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics. After a pig was anesthetized, a 0.035-inch Jagwire was inserted through the duodenum using a gastroscope. An IRE catheter was then manually advanced into the esophagus along with a guidewire. The fluoroscopy with contrast medium was employed to determine target lesions with clips. Following the sequential ablation along the esophagus, electrical parameters as well as the number of interruptions encountered were recorded. The pigs used in the experiments were sacrificed after 24 hours and tissue specimens obtained were evaluated using H&amp;E and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results: Based on the COMSOL simulation, the heated portion, approximately 57 degrees of Celsius, was observed only at the edge of the electrodes. Fluoroscopy demonstrated the balloon-type catheter was not adjacent to the heart and tightly blocked the lumen of esophagus as it adheres to the mucosal layer during inflation. The IRE catheter was able to overcome muscle contractions during ablative process and deliver all electrical energy of the scheduled sequences. A total of 12 ablations were performed in three pigs, and the success rate of balloon catheter was 91.7% (11/12). Histological slides from H&amp;E staining and TUNEL assay showed nuclei, stained brown, which indicates apoptosis at the ablation site. Conclusions: The IRE balloon-type catheter demonstrated its applicability and effectiveness as an electroporation-based treatment in esophagus as validated in the experimental results. Further studies regarding electrodes improvement to heat-free condition and its safety related assessment would be needed.
Leads from the MMWR. Decrease in lung cancer incidence among males--United States, 1973-1983
Journal: JAMA (1986)

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Hyperparathyroidism and urticaria
Authors: R. D. Liechty
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A WOMAN with severe progressive urticaria was referred to our immunology service for consultation. After extensive study, the only other abnormality found was primary hyperparathyroidism. Following excision of a parathyroid adenoma, the urticaria disappeared promptly, and she has remained eucalcemic and urticaria free for three years. Urticaria and other presumed allergic reactions are a well-known, though uncommon, reaction to a variety of tumors.<sup>1</sup>Having searched the literature and questioned colleagues from other institutions, however, we could find no previous reports of a specific association between parathyroid adenoma and urticaria. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 58-year-old woman gave a one-year history of increasing, generalized urticaria. Her physician had treated her with prednisone (up to 60 mg/day) and various combinations of antihistamines, with incomplete relief. We could elicit no history of medications, foods, or other agents likely to have induced the urticaria. Her BP was 120/80 mm Hg, and her heart
COVID-19 and suicide
Authors: None The Lancet Psychiatry
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2021)

On Jan 21, 1668, the English civil servant and diarist Samuel Pepys received an urgent message from his cousin, Kate Joyce. "If I would see her husband alive," Pepys wrote, "I must come presently." He hurried to his relatives' house and found Anthony Joyce gravely ill: "his breath rattled in his throat…all despair of him, and with good reason." What was the cause? It transpired that Joyce had tried to drown himself in a pond, but he "was spied by a poor woman and got out by some people binding up hay in a barn there, and set on his head and got to life".
STLA101 assay for the detection of cancerous progression in Barrett’s esophagus: A multi-institutional study.
Authors: Christopher Hartley, Catherine E. Hagen, Sumeet K. Mittal, Joe Abdo, Sheeno P. Thyparambil, Ajay Bansal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

249 Background: Since 1975, Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) incidence has increased more than any other cancer (̃700%). Pre-malignant metaplastic tissue, or Barrett's Esophagus (BE), is the only known precursor for EAC. Periodic histological assessment of endoscopic biopsy along dysplasia-carcinoma sequence is used to assess progression risk. Current surveillance protocols have clinical limitations as 80% of patients still present with stage II-IV EAC. The aim of this study is to compare novel proteomic expression patterns to distinguish stable BE patients from those who developed EAC using the STLA101 assay. Methods: After Institutional Review Board approval patients with BE/GERD were identified. Two cohorts were selected: progressors (progressed to EAC at subsequent interval of 0.5-3 years) and non–progressors (̃10 yrs of f/u surveillance without progression along dysplasia/carcinoma path). 24 normal esophageal mucosa samples with no h/o of BE were also retrieved for baseline expression levels. Tissue sections were microdissected to isolate pure BE cells from surrounding stromal cells. BE cells underwent a multi-step process where tissue was heated and digested to produce a liquid biopsy for mass spec. Isotopically labeled control peptides representing the STLA101 panel were spiked in with digested tissue samples to quantify all of the markers simultaneously using a Triple-quad mass spectrometer. Results: A total of 95 tissues were analyzed. 29 BE biopsies progressed to EAC within a mean of 380 days while the remaining 28 BE and 14 GERD specimens did not progress over a 10-yr period. All 8 biomarkers were expressed at a higher level in BE tissue that progressed to cancer when compared to BE/GERD tissue that remained stable over 10 years. The assay had a 100% technical success rate as no samples yielded “non-detectable” data points. Conclusions: The differential overexpression of the STLA101 panel on progressive and non-progressive BE tissues demonstrates the clinical utility of STLA101 as a predictive biomarker panel for early detection of esophageal carcinogenesis. Non-progressive BE tissues were similar to normal mucosa, therefore, patients whose BE tissue samples resemble this profile may receive a reduced screening cadence. On the other hand, patients with overexpression of the STLA101 panel may be eligible to receive more frequent screening or therapeutic intervention.