tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Three exposures to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 by either infection or vaccination elicit superior neutralizing immunity to all variants of concern
Authors: Paul R. Wratil, Marcel Stern, Alina Priller, Annika Willmann, Giovanni Almanzar, Emanuel Vogel, Martin Feuerherd, Cho-Chin Cheng, Sarah Yazici, Catharina Christa, Samuel Jeske, Gaia Lupoli, Tim Vogt, Manuel Albanese, Ernesto Mejías-Pérez, Stefan Bauernfried, Natalia Graf, Hrvoje Mijocevic, Martin Vu, Kathrin Tinnefeld, Jochen Wettengel, Dieter Hoffmann, Maximilian Muenchhoff, Christopher Daechert, Helga Mairhofer, Stefan Krebs, Volker Fingerle, Alexander Graf, Philipp Steininger, Helmut Blum, Veit Hornung, Bernhard Liebl, Klaus Überla, Martina Prelog, Percy Knolle, Oliver T. Keppler, Ulrike Protzer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Current Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Selenium mediates exercise-induced adult neurogenesis and reverses learning deficits induced by hippocampal injury and aging
Authors: Odette Leiter, Zhan Zhuo, Ruslan Rust, Joanna M. Wasielewska, Lisa Grönnert, Susann Kowal, Rupert W. Overall, Vijay S. Adusumilli, Daniel G. Blackmore, Adam Southon, Katherine Ganio, Christopher A. McDevitt, Nicole Rund, David Brici, Imesh Aththanayake Mudiyan, Alexander M. Sykes, Annette E. Rünker, Sara Zocher, Scott Ayton, Ashley I. Bush, Perry F. Bartlett, Sheng-Tao Hou, Gerd Kempermann, Tara L. Walker
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)

Although the neurogenesis-enhancing effects of exercise have been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms underlying this response remain unclear. Here, we propose that this is mediated by the exercise-induced systemic release of the antioxidant selenium transport protein, selenoprotein P (SEPP1). Using knockout mouse models, we confirmed that SEPP1 and its receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8) are required for the exercise-induced increase in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In vivo selenium infusion increased hippocampal neural precursor cell (NPC) proliferation and adult neurogenesis. Mimicking the effect of exercise through dietary selenium supplementation restored neurogenesis and reversed the cognitive decline associated with aging and hippocampal injury, suggesting potential therapeutic relevance. These results provide a molecular mechanism linking exercise-induced changes in the systemic environment to the activation of quiescent hippocampal NPCs and their subsequent recruitment into the neurogenic trajectory.
Retinopathy
Authors: Janet M. Torpy, Tiffany J. Glass, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2007)

RetinopathyT he retina lines the back two-thirds of the eye and is responsible for receiving visual images.Retinopathy means disease of the retina.There are several types of retinopathy but all involve disease of the small retinal blood vessels.Signs of retinopathy (see photograph) can be seen when the retina is viewed through the pupil with an ophthalmoscope.The August 22/29, 2007, issue of JAMA includes an article about management of diabetic retinopathy.This Patient Page is based on one previously published in the January 5, 2005, issue of JAMA.
Accelerate progress—sexual and reproductive health and rights for all: report of the Guttmacher– Lancet Commission
Authors: Ann M Starrs, Alex C Ezeh, Gary Barker, Alaka Basu, Jane T Bertrand, Robert Blum, Awa M Coll-Seck, Anand Grover, Laura Laski, Monica Roa, Zeba A Sathar, Lale Say, Gamal I Serour, Susheela Singh, Karin Stenberg, Marleen Temmerman, Ann Biddlecom, Anna Popinchalk, Cynthia Summers, Lori S Ashford
Journal: The Lancet (2018)
Aberrant regulation of LncRNA TUG1-microRNA-328-3p-SRSF9 mRNA Axis in hepatocellular carcinoma: a promising target for prognosis and therapy
Authors: Yudong Liu, Xia Mao, Zhaochen Ma, Wenjia Chen, Xiaodong Guo, Lingxiang Yu, Xinxin Deng, Funeng Jiang, Taixian Li, Na Lin, Yanqiong Zhang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)
Kidney
Authors: C. Tormo, R. Calvo, S. Ferrandis, V. Parra, J. L. Maravall, V. Lacuevo, D. Dreyfuss, L. Mier, F. Leviel, J. J. Lanore, K. Djedaïni, F. Costa, M. Paillard, F. Del Rio, C. Cardenal, J. De Castro, A. Blesa, J. Martín-Benitez, B. Hermo, R. Suarez, Santos F. Martín, P. Le Cacheux, B. Hurault de Ligny, E. Cardineau, J. P. Ryckelvnck, G. Marggraf, V. Schumann, N. Doetsch, K. Wagner, Th. Philipp, J. Ch. Reidemeister, B. Aykaç, H. Öz, S. Sun, P. Bozkurt, B. Cotonel, A. Mercatello, A. HadjAïssa, C. Chery, N. Pozet, N. Clermont, C. Bégou, E. Tissot, L. P. Fisher, J. F. Moskovtchenko, V. Laurent, B. Coronel, M. Bret, S. Colon, J. J. Colpart, A. J. J. Woittiez, I. M. Drenth, M. Jamali, P. E. Bollaert, T. Cao, P. Bauer, M. Kessler, H. Lambert, A. Larcan, P. E. Rogiere, M. Leeman, R. J. Kahn, J. L. Vincent, J. Nagler, H. Neels, M. Singer, G. Screaton, T. McNally, I. Mackie, S. Machin, S. Cohen, M. Haller, R. Schönfelder, J. Briegel, K. W. Jauch, F. Zwiebel, H. Forst, A. Sicignano, S. Vesconi, V. Bellato, P. De Pietri, A. Minuto, C. Foroni, C. Comité, R. Caprioli, R. Gemignani, M. Stefani, V. Russo, A. Mazzei, R. Rusehi, M. Pardelli, D. Matamis, M. Tsagourias, Th. Melekos, M. Bitzani, I. Rodini, D. Rigos, T. J. J. Inglis, K. Kuteifan, F. Martin-Barbaz, N. K. Man, J. M. Descamps, F. H. Bosch, W. van Genderen, R. van Leusen, J. P. de Boer, A. A. Creasey, A. Chang, D. Roem, A. J. M. Eerenberg, M. C. Brouwer, C. E. Hack, F. B. Taylor
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
Impact of frontline treatment approach on outcomes in patients with secondary AML with prior hypomethylating agent exposure
Authors: Nicholas J. Short, Sangeetha Venugopal, Wei Qiao, Tapan M. Kadia, Farhad Ravandi, Walid Macaron, Courtney D. Dinardo, Naval Daver, Marina Konopleva, Gautam Borthakur, Elizabeth J. Shpall, Uday Popat, Richard E. Champlin, Rohtesh Mehta, Gheath Al-Atrash, Betul Oran, Elias Jabbour, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Ghayas C. Issa, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Musa Yilmaz, Abhishek Maiti, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract Background Treated secondary acute myeloid leukemia (ts-AML)—i.e., AML arising from a previously treated antecedent hematologic disorder—is associated with very poor outcomes. The optimal frontline treatment regimen for these patients is uncertain. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 562 patients who developed AML from preceding myelodysplastic syndrome or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia for which they had received a hypomethylating agent (HMA). Patients with ts-AML were stratified by frontline AML treatment with intensive chemotherapy (IC, n = 271), low-intensity therapy (LIT) without venetoclax (n = 237), or HMA plus venetoclax (n = 54). Results Compared with IC or LIT without venetoclax, HMA plus venetoclax resulted in higher CR/CRi rates (39% and 25%, respectively; P = 0.02) and superior OS (1-year OS 34% and 17%, respectively; P = 0.05). The benefit of HMA plus venetoclax was restricted to patients with non-adverse risk karyotype, where HMA plus venetoclax resulted in a median OS of 13.7 months and 1-year OS rate of 54%; in contrast, for patients with adverse risk karyotype, OS was similarly dismal regardless of treatment approach (median OS 3–5 months). A propensity score analysis accounting for relevant clinical variables confirmed the significant OS benefit of HMA plus venetoclax, as compared with other frontline treatment approaches. In a landmark analysis, patients with ts-AML who underwent subsequent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) had superior 3-year OS compared to non-transplanted patients (33% vs. 8%, respectively; P = 0.003). Conclusions The outcomes of ts-AML are poor but may be improved with use of an HMA plus venetoclax-based regimen, followed by HSCT, particularly in those with a non-adverse risk karyotype.
Head and neck granulomatous rash associated with mogamulizumab mimicking mycosis fungoides
Authors: Jingying Wang, Caroline Ram‐Wolff, Gabor Dobos, Jana Al Hage, Florent Grange, Jacqueline Rivet, Marie‐Dominique Vignon‐Pennamen, Hélène Moins‐Teisserenc, Marie Boisson, Céline Moegle, Aurélie Sadoux, Samia Mourah, Maxime Battistella, Martine Bagot, Adèle de Masson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)
Effects Of Mavorixafor On Functional Impairments Due To A Novel Missense CXCR4 Mutation In A Patient With WHIM-Like Syndrome
Authors: Jolan Walter, Sumit Pawar, Chi Nguyen, Katarina Zmajkovicova, Svetlana Sharapova, Ivana Wiest, Halenya Monticelli, Sabine Maier-Munsa, Christoph Geier, Neal Sondheimer, Boglarka Ujhazi, Sumai Gordon, Maryssa Ellison, Arthur Taveras, Adriana Badarau, Teresa Tarrant
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Royal Medical Benevolent Fund Christmas Gifts Appeal
Authors: G. H. Bateman
Journal: BMJ (1974)

BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 24 NOVEMBER 1973 then decide how to make the child as safe as possible, as a first-aid measure, and also try to make provision for the long-term support, supervision, and re-education which the family are going to need.All this is going to be difficult and de- manding for someone, probably several people, and the long-term results may be disappointing.But "prompt referral to the nearest hospital," without thought, is not good enough.-Iam, etc.,
Immune checkpoint blockade with anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) cemiplimab: ongoing and future perspectives in rare genital cancers treatment
Authors: Elisabetta Gambale, Sara Fancelli, Enrico Caliman, Maria Cristina Petrella, Laura Doni, Serena Pillozzi, Lorenzo Antonuzzo
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Cemiplimab is a highly potent, hinge-stabilized human IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor approved for patients with locally advanced or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who are not candidates for curative surgery or curative radiation. Recently, the phase 3 trial EMPOWER-Cervical 1 has investigated cemiplimab in patients with recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer. At interim analysis, overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) in overall and SCC populations favored cemiplimab over single agent chemotherapy. Cervical SCCs are the first for incidence among Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) related neoplasms and are highly correlated (about 95%) with the viral infection. Similarly, penile and vulvar SCC may develop on chronic HPV infections or on dermatological chronic conditions (ie, lichen). The molecular and viral similarities between external genital SCC and SCC originating from the cervical epithelium could be the rationale for using cemiplimab to treat locally advanced or metastatic penile and vulvar SCC as well. Some retrospective data have shown that cemiplimab may provide objective response and clinical benefit to some patients with penile or vulvar SCC and is overall safe to utilize in this population. Given the complexity of the immune activation and the considerable variability in tumor biology across patients and tumor types, the identification of biomarkers to warrant patient selection needs to be further explored. Ongoing clinical trials will hopefully shed light on the treatment paradigm of these rare tumors too, with special regard to the ideal combination and sequencing of immunotherapeutic strategies.
Moral Choices for Today’s Physician
Authors: Donald M. Berwick
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypothalamic pregnenolone mediates recognition memory in the context of metabolic disorders
Authors: Sara Ramírez, Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli, Marija Radosevic, Miriam Toledo, Adriana Pané, Daniel Alcolea, Vicent Ribas, Maria Milà-Guasch, Macarena Pozo, Arnaud Obri, Elena Eyre, Alicia G. Gómez-Valadés, Iñigo Chivite, Tomas Van Eeckhout, Ioannis Zalachoras, Jordi Altirriba, Corinna Bauder, Mónica Imbernón, Gloria Garrabou, Carmen Garcia-Ruiz, Rubén Nogueiras, David Soto, Xavier Gasull, Carmen Sandi, Jens C. Brüning, Juan Fortea, Amanda Jiménez, José C. Fernández-Checa, Marc Claret
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with cognitive dysfunction. Because the hypothalamus is implicated in energy balance control and memory disorders, we hypothesized that specific neurons in this brain region are at the interface of metabolism and cognition. Acute obesogenic diet administration in mice impaired recognition memory due to defective production of the neurosteroid precursor pregnenolone in the hypothalamus. Genetic interference with pregnenolone synthesis by Star deletion in hypothalamic POMC, but not AgRP neurons, deteriorated recognition memory independently of metabolic disturbances. Our data suggest that pregnenolone's effects on cognitive function were mediated via an autocrine mechanism on POMC neurons, influencing hippocampal long-term potentiation. The relevance of central pregnenolone on cognition was also confirmed in metabolically unhealthy patients with obesity. Our data reveal an unsuspected role for POMC neuron-derived neurosteroids in cognition. These results provide the basis for a framework to investigate new facets of POMC neuron biology with implications for cognitive disorders.
‘Quantity does not make quality’: when is there a case for repeating a network meta‐analysis?
Authors: Laura Howells, Matthew J. Page, Hywel C. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Guelimi et al. evaluated redundancy, methodological quality and discrepancies in 47 network metaanalyses (NMAs) on systemic treatments for psoriasis 1 .We had planned a similar study, but in light of this new study we have abandoned our project in order to reduce research waste.
SU086, an inhibitor of HSP90, impairs glycolysis and represents a treatment strategy for advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Meghan A. Rice, Vineet Kumar, Dhanir Tailor, Fernando Jose Garcia-Marques, En-Chi Hsu, Shiqin Liu, Abel Bermudez, Vijayalakshmi Kanchustambham, Vishnu Shankar, Zintis Inde, Busola Ruth Alabi, Arvind Muruganantham, Michelle Shen, Mallesh Pandrala, Rosalie Nolley, Merve Aslan, Ali Ghoochani, Arushi Agarwal, Mark Buckup, Manoj Kumar, Catherine C. Going, Donna M. Peehl, Scott J. Dixon, Richard N. Zare, James D. Brooks, Sharon J. Pitteri, Sanjay V. Malhotra, Tanya Stoyanova
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

Among men, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, with advanced disease remaining a major clinical challenge. We describe a small molecule, SU086, as a therapeutic strategy for advanced prostate cancer. We demonstrate that SU086 inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro, cell-line and patient-derived xenografts in vivo, and ex vivo prostate cancer patient specimens. Furthermore, SU086 in combination with standard of care second-generation anti-androgen therapies displays increased impairment of prostate cancer cell and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Cellular thermal shift assay reveals that SU086 binds to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and leads to a decrease in HSP90 levels. Proteomic profiling demonstrates that SU086 binds to and decreases HSP90. Metabolomic profiling reveals that SU086 leads to perturbation of glycolysis. Our study identifies SU086 as a treatment for advanced prostate cancer as a single agent or when combined with second-generation anti-androgens.
Exploring the recovery curves for long-term post-COVID functional limitations on daily living activities: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM multicenter study
Authors: César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, José D. Martín-Guerrero, Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo, Paloma Moro-López-Menchero, Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez, Esperanza Navarro-Pardo, Oscar J. Pellicer-Valero
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Leads from the MMWR. Tuberculosis and AIDS--Connecticut
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Review of the British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2014, 3-5 December, London, UK
Authors: N. J. Greening, R. J. Jose, J. D. Chalmers, S. M. Janes
Journal: Thorax (2015)

The British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2014 is reviewed in this article. This annual scientific meeting attracted its largest number of delegates ever and over 3 days in December up-to-date respiratory research was presented and current thinking in respiratory science and clinical academia was discussed. This article reviews a number of symposia and selected abstract presentations from the meeting.
Antibody Response to SARS CoV-2 Immunization in Patients with Immunodeficiency
Authors: Daniel DiGiacomo, Vivek Naranbhai, Nancy Yang, Tiffany Lam, Anand Dighe, Paul Hesterberg, Rebecca Saff, Morris Ling, Aleena Banerji, Kimberly Blumenthal, James MacLean, Kristin Burke, Shiv Pillai, Sara Barmettler, Jocelyn Farmer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Nano‐in‐Microparticles for Aerosol Delivery of Antibiotic‐Loaded, Fucose‐Derivatized, and Macrophage‐Targeted Liposomes to Combat Mycobacterial Infections: In Vitro Deposition, Pulmonary Barrier Interactions, and Targeted Delivery
Authors: Benedikt C. Huck, Durairaj Thiyagarajan, Aghiad Bali, Annette Boese, Karen F. W. Besecke, Constantin Hozsa, Robert K. Gieseler, Marcus Furch, Cristiane Carvalho‐Wodarz, Franziska Waldow, Dominik Schwudke, Olga Metelkina, Alexander Titz, Hanno Huwer, Konrad Schwarzkopf, Jessica Hoppstädter, Alexandra K. Kiemer, Marcus Koch, Brigitta Loretz, Claus‐Michael Lehr
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections rapidly emerge and demand potent medications to cope with resistance. In this context, targeted loco-regional delivery of aerosol medicines to the lungs is an advantage. However, sufficient antibiotic delivery requires engineered aerosols for optimized deposition. Here, the effect of bedaquiline-encapsulating fucosylated versus nonfucosylated liposomes on cellular uptake and delivery is investigated. Notably, this comparison includes critical parameters for pulmonary delivery, i.e., aerosol deposition and the noncellular barriers of pulmonary surfactant (PS) and mucus. Targeting increases liposomal uptake into THP-1 cells as well as peripheral blood monocyte- and lung-tissue derived macrophages. Aerosol deposition in the presence of PS, however, masks the effect of active targeting. PS alters antibiotic release that depends on the drug's hydrophobicity, while mucus reduces the mobility of nontargeted more than fucosylated liposomes. Dry-powder microparticles of spray-dried bedaquiline-loaded liposomes display a high fine particle fraction of >70%, as well as preserved liposomal integrity and targeting function. The antibiotic effect is maintained when deposited as powder aerosol on cultured Mycobacterium abscessus. When treating M. abscessus infected THP-1 cells, the fucosylated variant enabled enhanced bacterial killing, thus opening up a clear perspective for the improved treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.
Germinal Centers
Authors: Gabriel D. Victora, Michel C. Nussenzweig
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2022)

Germinal centers (GCs) are microanatomical sites of B cell clonal expansion and antibody affinity maturation. Therein, B cells undergo the Darwinian process of somatic diversification and affinity-driven selection of immunoglobulins that produces the high-affinity antibodies essential for effective humoral immunity. Here, we review recent developments in the field of GC biology, primarily as it pertains to GCs induced by infection or immunization. First, we summarize the phenotype and function of the different cell types that compose the GC, focusing on GC B cells. Then, we review the cellular and molecular bases of affinity-dependent selection within the GC and the export of memory and plasma cells. Finally, we present an overview of the emerging field of GC clonal dynamics, focusing on how GC and post-GC selection shapes the diversity of antibodies secreted into serum.