tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Single High Dose of Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> on Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19
Authors: Igor H. Murai, Alan L. Fernandes, Lucas P. Sales, Ana J. Pinto, Karla F. Goessler, Camila S. C. Duran, Carla B. R. Silva, André S. Franco, Marina B. Macedo, Henrique H. H. Dalmolin, Janaina Baggio, Guilherme G. M. Balbi, Bruna Z. Reis, Leila Antonangelo, Valeria F. Caparbo, Bruno Gualano, Rosa M. R. Pereira
Journal: JAMA (2021)

The efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear.To investigate the effect of a single high dose of vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in patients with COVID-19.This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 2 sites in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The study included 240 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were moderately to severely ill at the time of enrollment from June 2, 2020, to August 27, 2020. The final follow-up was on October 7, 2020.Patients were randomly assigned to receive a single oral dose of 200 000 IU of vitamin D3 (n = 120) or placebo (n = 120).The primary outcome was length of stay, defined as the time from the date of randomization to hospital discharge. Prespecified secondary outcomes included mortality during hospitalization; the number of patients admitted to the intensive care unit; the number of patients who required mechanical ventilation and the duration of mechanical ventilation; and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, total calcium, creatinine, and C-reactive protein.Of 240 randomized patients, 237 were included in the primary analysis (mean [SD] age, 56.2 [14.4] years; 104 [43.9%] women; mean [SD] baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, 20.9 [9.2] ng/mL). Median (interquartile range) length of stay was not significantly different between the vitamin D3 (7.0 [4.0-10.0] days) and placebo groups (7.0 [5.0-13.0] days) (log-rank P = .59; unadjusted hazard ratio for hospital discharge, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.82-1.39]; P = .62). The difference between the vitamin D3 group and the placebo group was not significant for in-hospital mortality (7.6% vs 5.1%; difference, 2.5% [95% CI, -4.1% to 9.2%]; P = .43), admission to the intensive care unit (16.0% vs 21.2%; difference, -5.2% [95% CI, -15.1% to 4.7%]; P = .30), or need for mechanical ventilation (7.6% vs 14.4%; difference, -6.8% [95% CI, -15.1% to 1.2%]; P = .09). Mean serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D significantly increased after a single dose of vitamin D3 vs placebo (44.4 ng/mL vs 19.8 ng/mL; difference, 24.1 ng/mL [95% CI, 19.5-28.7]; P < .001). There were no adverse events, but an episode of vomiting was associated with the intervention.Among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, a single high dose of vitamin D3, compared with placebo, did not significantly reduce hospital length of stay. The findings do not support the use of a high dose of vitamin D3 for treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04449718.
Resuming professional football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yorck Olaf Schumacher, Montassar Tabben, Khalid Hassoun, Asmaa Al Marwani, Ibrahim Al Hussein, Peter Coyle, Ahmed Khellil Abbassi, Hani Taleb Ballan, Abdulaziz Al-Kuwari, Karim Chamari, Roald Bahr
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

Objectives The risk of viral transmission associated with contact sports such as football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the infective and immune status of professional football players, team staff and league officials over a truncated football season resumed at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates and to investigate the clinical symptoms related to COVID-19 infection in professional football players. Methods Prospective cohort study of 1337 football players, staff and officials during a truncated football season (9 weeks) with a tailored infection control programme based on preventive measures and regular SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab testing (every 3–5 days) combined with serology testing for immunity (every 4 weeks). Clinical symptoms in positive participants were recorded using a 26-item, Likert-Scale-based scoring system. Results During the study period, 85 subjects returned positive (cycle threshold (cT) ≤30) or reactive (30&lt;cT&lt;40) PCR tests, of which 36 were players. The infection rate was consistent with that of the general population during the same time period. More than half of infected subjects were asymptomatic, and the remaining had only mild symptoms with no one requiring hospitalisation. Symptom severity was associated with lower cT values. Social contacts and family were the most common sources of infection, and no infection could be traced to training or matches. Of the 36 infected players, 15 presented positive serology during the study period. Conclusion Football played outdoors involving close contact between athletes represents a limited risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness when preventive measures are in place.
Covid-19: Hancock’s failure to publish contracts was unlawful
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of sustained deficit irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation strategies on the yield components and berry composition of two winegrape cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) that differ in their hydraulic behavior. Malbec and Syrah grapevines were grown in southern Idaho under arid conditions and were drip-irrigated weekly from fruit set until harvest to supply 35 or 70% of estimated vine water demand that was delivered either as a sustained amount (35, 70) or the amount was altered at veraison (3570, 7035). In both cultivars, the 7035 and 35 treatments produced fruit with a greater concentration of anthocyanins and phenolics than the 3570 and 70 treatments. In both cultivars, the yield of the 7035 treatment was ~30% greater than the 35 treatment and ~15% lower than the 70 treatment. The 7035 treatment was provided ~58% more water than the 35 treatment and ~20% less water than the 70 treatment. In both cultivars, the 3570 and 7035 treatments had a similar ratio of yield reduction to water savings, similar carbon isotope composition, and similar seasonal average weekly midday leaf water potential. The 3570 and 35 treatments had greater bud injury (low pruning weight and low cluster number per vine) and slower recovery from injury than the 7035 and 70 treatments after exposure to an extreme cold weather event. Despite inherent differences in carbon isotope composition, the 70 and 7035 treatments offer the best potential in both cultivars for sustained productivity under challenging climatic conditions.
Abstract 12517: Clinical Factors Associated With Impaired Exercise Cardiac Mechanics in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Wendy Ying, Allison G Hays, Lisa R Yanek, Dhananjay Vaidya, Vinita Subramanya, Megan Bach, Stephen Dvorak, Sanjiv J Shah, Kavita Sharma
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Exercise intolerance is a major symptom of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a disease with limited mechanistic understanding and no proven therapies. We assesse...
Region-specific vulnerability in neurodegeneration: lessons from normal ageing
Authors: Virenkumar A. Pandya, Rickie Patani
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2021)

A number of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), possess a shared characteristic of region-specific neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms which determine why particular regions within the nervous system are selectively vulnerable to neurodegeneration, whilst others remain relatively unaffected throughout disease progression, remain elusive. Here, we review how regional susceptibility to the ubiquitous physiological phenomenon of normal ageing might underlie the vulnerability of these same regions to neurodegeneration, highlighting three regions archetypally associated with AD, PD and ALS (the hippocampus, substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral spinal cord, respectively), as especially prone to age-related alterations. Placing particular emphasis on these three regions, we comprehensively explore differential regional susceptibility to nervous system tissue, cellular and molecular level ageing to provide an integrated perspective on why age-related neurodegenerative diseases exhibit region-selective vulnerability. Combining these principles with increasingly recognised differences between chronological and biological ageing (termed differential or 'delta' ageing) might ultimately guide therapeutic approaches for these devastating neurodegenerative diseases, for which a paucity of disease modifying and/or life promoting treatments currently exist.
Investigating the crucial roles of aliphatic tails in disulfide bond-linked docetaxel prodrug nanoassemblies
Authors: Yuequan Wang, Cong Luo, Shuang Zhou, Xinhui Wang, Xuanbo Zhang, Shumeng Li, Shenwu Zhang, Shuo Wang, Bingjun Sun, Zhonggui He, Jin Sun
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2021)

Disulfide bond-bridging strategy has been extensively utilized to construct tumor specificity-responsive aliphatic prodrug nanoparticles (PNPs) for precise cancer therapy. Yet, there is no research shedding light on the impacts of the saturation and cis-trans configuration of aliphatic tails on the self-assembly capacity of disulfide bond-linked prodrugs and the in vivo delivery fate of PNPs. Herein, five disulfide bond-linked docetaxel-fatty acid prodrugs are designed and synthesized by using stearic acid, elaidic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid as the aliphatic tails, respectively. Interestingly, the cis-trans configuration of aliphatic tails significantly influences the self-assembly features of prodrugs, and elaidic acid-linked prodrug with a trans double bond show poor self-assembly capacity. Although the aliphatic tails have almost no effect on the redox-sensitive drug release and cytotoxicity, different aliphatic tails significantly influence the chemical stability of prodrugs and the colloidal stability of PNPs, thus affecting the in vivo pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and antitumor efficacy of PNPs. Our findings illustrate how aliphatic tails affect the assembly characteristic of disulfide bond-linked aliphatic prodrugs and the in vivo delivery fate of PNPs, and thus provide theoretical basis for future development of disulfide bond-bridged aliphatic prodrugs.
Abstract 17170: Occlusion of Left Atrial Appendage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Results From the LAARGE Registry
Authors: Thorsten W Lewalter, Johannes Brachmann, Ibrahim Akin, Horst Sievert, Volker Geist, Uwe Zeymer, Damir Erkapic, Harald Mudra, Sven Pleger, Matthias Hochadel, Jochen Senges
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Left Atrial Appendage Occluder (LAAO) implantation is an alternative method for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) pts. who are not eligible for long-term oral anticoagulatio...
A bi-atrial statistical shape model for large-scale in silico studies of human atria: Model development and application to ECG simulations
Authors: Claudia Nagel, Steffen Schuler, Olaf Dössel, Axel Loewe
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2021)

Large-scale electrophysiological simulations to obtain electrocardiograms (ECG) carry the potential to produce extensive datasets for training of machine learning classifiers to, e.g., discriminate between different cardiac pathologies. The adoption of simulations for these purposes is limited due to a lack of ready-to-use models covering atrial anatomical variability. We built a bi-atrial statistical shape model (SSM) of the endocardial wall based on 47 segmented human CT and MRI datasets using Gaussian process morphable models. Generalization, specificity, and compactness metrics were evaluated. The SSM was applied to simulate atrial ECGs in 100 random volumetric instances. The first eigenmode of our SSM reflects a change of the total volume of both atria, the second the asymmetry between left vs. right atrial volume, the third a change in the prominence of the atrial appendages. The SSM is capable of generalizing well to unseen geometries and 95% of the total shape variance is covered by its first 24 eigenvectors. The P waves in the 12-lead ECG of 100 random instances showed a duration of 109.7±12.2 ms in accordance with large cohort studies. The novel bi-atrial SSM itself as well as 100 exemplary instances with rule-based augmentation of atrial wall thickness, fiber orientation, inter-atrial bridges and tags for anatomical structures have been made publicly available. This novel, openly available bi-atrial SSM can in future be employed to generate large sets of realistic atrial geometries as a basis for in silico big data approaches.
Finerenone for Patients With CKD and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reform of Payment for Primary Care — From Evolution to Revolution
Authors: Allan H. Goroll, Ann C. Greiner, Stephen C. Schoenbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Primary care plays a foundational role in a high-value health system, but the United States has seen troubling declines in practices' financial viability. How best to pay for primary care, how much to pay, and how rapidly change needs to occur are urgent questions.
Activation of MAT2A-RIP1 signaling axis reprograms monocytes in gastric cancer
Authors: Yan Zhang, Hui Yang, Jun Zhao, Ping Wan, Ye Hu, Kun Lv, YiRen Hu, Xi Yang, Mingzhe Ma
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

The activation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitates the progression of gastric cancer (GC). Cell metabolism reprogramming has been shown to play a vital role in the polarization of TAMs. However, the role of methionine metabolism in function of TAMs remains to be explored.Monocytes/macrophages were isolated from peripheral blood, tumor tissues or normal tissues from healthy donors or patients with GC. The role of methionine metabolism in the activation of TAMs was evaluated with both in vivo analyses and in vitro experiments. Pharmacological inhibition of the methionine cycle and modulation of key metabolic genes was employed, where molecular and biological analyses were performed.TAMs have increased methionine cycle activity that are mainly attributed to elevated methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha (MAT2A) levels. MAT2A modulates the activation and maintenance of the phenotype of TAMs and mediates the upregulation of RIP1 by increasing the histone H3K4 methylation (H3K4me3) at its promoter regions.Our data cast light on a novel mechanism by which methionine metabolism regulates the anti-inflammatory functions of monocytes in GC. MAT2A might be a potential therapeutic target for cancer cells as well as TAMs in GC.
The Severe Asthma Questionnaire: sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference
Authors: Matthew Masoli, Joseph W. Lanario, Michael E. Hyland, Andrew Menzies-Gow, Adel H. Mansur, David Allen, James W. Dodd, Gemma Hayes, Jose M. Valderas, Sarah E. Lamb, Rupert C. Jones
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>The Severe Asthma Questionnaire (SAQ) is sensitive to change and clinically significant improvement was detected within 4 weeks of starting biologic therapy. The MCID of the SAQ is 0.5 and of the SAQ-global is 11.</b>https://bit.ly/3poJqcG
Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins regulate intracellular signaling and neuronal function in patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons
Authors: Liheng Wang, Yang Liu, George Stratigopoulos, Sunil Panigrahi, Lina Sui, Yiying Zhang, Charles A. Leduc, Hannah J. Glover, Maria Caterina De Rosa, Lisa C. Burnett, Damian J. Williams, Linshan Shang, Robin Goland, Stephen H. Tsang, Sharon Wardlaw, Dieter Egli, Deyou Zheng, Claudia A. Doege, Rudolph L. Leibel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in genes encoding components of the primary cilium and is characterized by hyperphagic obesity. To investigate the molecular basis of obesity in human BBS, we developed a cellular model of BBS using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) hypothalamic arcuate-like neurons. BBS mutations BBS1M390R and BBS10C91fsX95 did not affect neuronal differentiation efficiency but caused morphological defects, including impaired neurite outgrowth and longer primary cilia. Single-cell RNA sequencing of BBS1M390R hypothalamic neurons identified several downregulated pathways, including insulin and cAMP signaling and axon guidance. Additional studies demonstrated that BBS1M390R and BBS10C91fsX95 mutations impaired insulin signaling in both human fibroblasts and iPSC-derived neurons. Overexpression of intact BBS10 fully restored insulin signaling by restoring insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in BBS10C91fsX95 neurons. Moreover, mutations in BBS1 and BBS10 impaired leptin-mediated p-STAT3 activation in iPSC-derived hypothalamic neurons. Correction of the BBS mutation by CRISPR rescued leptin signaling. POMC expression and neuropeptide production were decreased in BBS1M390R and BBS10C91fsX95 iPSC-derived hypothalamic neurons. In the aggregate, these data provide insights into the anatomic and functional mechanisms by which components of the BBSome in CNS primary cilia mediate effects on energy homeostasis.
Covid-19: GPs opt to prioritise all patients with learning disabilities for vaccination
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19: GPs opt to prioritise all patients with learning disabilities for vaccination Gareth IacobucciLocal groups of GPs have decided to prioritise all patients with learning disabilities for covid-19 vaccination, after fresh evidence showed that disabled patients were at much higher risk from the disease.Latest figures from the Office for National Statistics 1 showed that 60% of people in England who died from covid-19 from January to November 2020 (30 296 of 50 888) had a disability.
COVID-19 Communication—The Need for Humanity, Empathy, and Grace
Authors: Lisa M. Meeks
Journal: JAMA (2021)

COVID-19 Communication-The Need for Humanity, Empathy, and Grace On Sunday, November 8, my 69-year-old mother was taken to the emergency department of her local hospital after fainting.She tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 3 days prior and was feeling quite ill.Following her admission, she gave me one job-to send daily updates about her condition to a group of friends and family members.She felt that I could translate the oft-complicated medical information into digestible bits and contextualize this for the myriad recipients.With her request, I became the family's sole source of information, a mini chief medical information officer, sending out information to about 22 people.My mother's instructions were clear: send twice-a-day updates on her condition.After sending my first update, on Sunday evening, the response I received, though well-intentioned, was poorly executed."Did you know that in a study published by JAMA this Monday, physicians in Italy reported that 90% of 1300 critically ill patients with COVID-19 were intubated and put on a ventilator; one-quarter died in the ICU; 58% were still in the ICU, and 16% had been discharged?"
Altered pulmonary blood volume distribution as a biomarker for predicting outcomes in COVID-19 disease
Authors: Michael F. Morris, Yash Pershad, Paul Kang, Lauren Ridenour, Ben Lavon, Maarten Lanclus, Rik Godon, Jan De Backer, Marilyn K. Glassberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Evidence suggests that vascular inflammation and thrombosis may be important drivers of poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. We hypothesised that a significant decrease in the percentage of blood volume in vessels with a cross-sectional area between 1.25 and 5 mm
Pulmonary Artery Pseudsoaneurysm due to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Managed Successfully by Transcatheter Coil Embolization
Authors: Atul Kaushik
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2021)

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm due to mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rare clinical entity. A 29 years old female presented to us with hemoptysis. She was a known case of pulmonary tuberculosis and was on antitubercular treatment. Emergency transcatheter coil embolization of the neck of the sac of pseudoaneurysm arising from the right descending pulmonary artery was done. At 6 months of follow up, the patient was asymptomatic. We are reporting this case due to a rare presentation of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm due to mycobacterium tuberculosis and pulmonary artery as an unusual source of hemoptysis instead of the bronchial artery. Learning objectives Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis although rare but it's a potential life threatening situation, however early detection and prompt management may prevent fatal complications. Thus, the treating physician should keep this as a differential diagnosis whenever a patients presents with a massive hemoptysis.