tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Paying for Prescription Drugs in the New Administration
Authors: Aaron S. Kesselheim, Thomas J. Hwang, Jerry Avorn
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Phase 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating Nintedanib Versus Placebo as Prophylaxis Against Radiation Pneumonitis in Patients With Unresectable NSCLC Undergoing Chemoradiation Therapy
Authors: Grace K. Dy, Dheerendra Prasad, Prasanna Kumar, Kristopher Attwood, Alex A. Adjei
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
A local response to a global problem: a programme to combat COVID-19 through empowerment of rural communities in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Zeus Aranda, Bruno Vargas, Ariwame Jiménez
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

BackgroundThe Mexican State of Chiapas is the scene of serious social inequities, with more than 75% of the population living in poverty. The economic vulnerability of the population has been aggravated by the arrival of COVID-19. Since the national declaration of the pandemic on March 31, 2020, and until January 18, 2021, Chiapas, with a population of around 5·2 million, has registered 8745 positive COVID-19 cases and 1259 deaths from the virus. Since mid-April, 2020, Compañeros En Salud (CES) has been supporting nine rural communities in the Sierra Madre region of Chiapas to fight the pandemic through ten primary health-care centres and a team of over 40 community health workers. Here, we describe a programme to protect vulnerable communities from the health and economic burden associated with COVID-19 that joins efforts with the Mexican Ministry of Health to provide a timely and effective response to the challenges posed by the pandemic.MethodsWe identify suspected COVID-19 cases through primary health centres and support their self-isolation through provision of essential groceries and hygiene supplies. These efforts are complemented by contact tracing and home follow-up of suspected cases. As a way to guarantee the sustainability of the programme, we engaged staff already working in the organisation for its implementation. Core nurses, nurse aides, and community health workers, who used to provide home follow-up for pregnant women and patients with chronic conditions and mental health disorders were trained to conduct home follow-up of COVID-19 suspected cases and contact tracing.FindingsBetween April 20, 2020, and January 18, 2021, 287 suspected COVID-19 cases and 1111 contacts were identified in the rural communities supported by CES and 109 cases (38%) and 796 contacts (72%) have started follow-up with the CES team. In the case of contacts, median time between the last contact with the suspected case and the first visit by a member of the CES team is 4 days. We have supported 650 suspected cases and their families with essential groceries and hygiene supplies.InterpretationAs the pandemic progresses, further analysis of the effect of the implemented measures on the transmission rate of the virus as the pandemic progresses should be done, along with comparisons of the outcomes in our rural communities with other settings of similar characteristics where isolation and contact tracing measures have not been implemented.FundingPartners In Health.
Abstract 16611: Predictors Of Inpatient Mortality In Patients With Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Muhammad Z Khan, Muhammad Munir, Muhammad U Khan, Safi U Khan, Ahmad Naeem Lone, Sudarshan Balla
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in hospital settings is associated with high mortality. We have assessed predictors of inpatient mortality by using National inpatient sampling (NIS) data....
Abstract 13849: Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Lowering in Real-World Patients Treated With Evolocumab
Authors: Nihar R Desai, Rolin L Wade, Pin Xiang, Sasikiran Nunna, Xin Wang, Jason Exter, Mohdhar Habib, Stefan DiMario, Chi-Chang Chen
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Despite a vast body of evidence demonstrating that lower LDL-C levels are associated with significantly lower CV event rates, many patients are undertreated and fail to achieve LDL-C ...
18P Mutational landscape of metastatic lung squamous cell carcinoma associated with basal cell hyperplasia
Authors: T.S. Gerashchenko, A.A. Schegoleva, A.A. Khozyainova, E.O. Rodionov, O.V. Pankova, V.M. Perelmuter, E.V. Denisov
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Changes in Health Care Use Among Undocumented Patients, 2014-2018
Authors: Joseph Nwadiuko, Jashalynn German, Kavita Chapla, Frances Wang, Maya Venkataramani, Dhananjay Vaidya, Sarah Polk
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> The 2016 presidential campaign was marked by intensified rhetoric around the deportation of undocumented immigrants. The association of such rhetoric with primary, emergency, and inpatient care among undocumented immigrants is unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association of increased anti-immigrant rhetoric during the 2016 presidential campaign with health care use among a group of Medicaid-ineligible patients largely composed of undocumented immigrants. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Using a difference-in-differences (DID) approach, this cohort study analyzed health care use between January 1, 2014, and May 31, 2018, in a retrospective cohort of Medicaid and Medicaid-ineligible (&gt;90% undocumented) adult and pediatric patients. The inflection point of interest was June 16, 2015, the date of Donald Trump's announcement of candidacy, which represented a documented increase in anti-immigration rhetoric during the presidential campaign. Analyses were controlled for age, self-reported sex, and baseline comorbidities. Data analysis was conducted from August 28, 2018, to September 1, 2020. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The DID of the number of completed primary care encounters before and after June 16, 2015, in Medicaid compared with Medicaid-ineligible patients. Secondary outcomes included the DID of emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient discharges over the same period. <h3>Results</h3> There were 20 211 patients included in the analysis: 1501 (7.4%) in the sample of predominantly undocumented Medicaid-ineligible patients (861 [57.4%] female) and 18 710 (92.6%) in the Medicaid control group (10 443 [55.8%] female). The mean (SD) age as of 2018 in the Medicaid-ineligible group was 38.2 (15.4) years compared with 22.2 (16.5) years in the control group. There was a differential decrease in completed visits among Medicaid-ineligible children compared with Medicaid children (DID estimate, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.9) and Medicaid-ineligible adults (DID estimate, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.8-0.9). There was also a significant differential increase in ED visits among Medicaid-ineligible children (DID estimate, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-5.0). In addition, there was a differential decrease in inpatient discharges among Medicaid-ineligible adults (DID estimate, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4-0.7), with no significant change in ED visits or ED admission rates in this group. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cohort study, there was a significant decrease in primary care use among undocumented patients during a period of increased anti-immigrant rhetoric associated with the 2016 presidential campaign, coincident with an increase in ED visits among children and a decrease in inpatient discharges among adults, with the latter possibly attributed to a decrease in elective admissions during this period.
Feasibility study of gallium-68 citrate PET as a bone-tropic imaging biomarker in mCRPC.
Authors: Ivan de Kouchkovsky, Spencer Behr, Li Zhang, Adam Foye, Henry Vanbrocklin, Eric Jay Small, Felix Y Feng, Terence W. Friedlander, Patricia Li, Natalie Frey, Andy Chung, Austin Lui, Aishwarya Subramanian, Tammy J. Rodvelt, Brigid Barlesi, Michael Evans, Rahul Raj Aggarwal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

31 Background: Transferrin receptor (TFRC) expression is controlled by the PI3K and MYC signaling pathways, which are frequently dysregulated in prostate cancer (PC). Gallium-68 citrate ( 68 Ga-citrate) is an iron biomimetic, which can be used to image PC in a TFRC dependent fashion. We performed a single-center pilot imaging study to investigate the use of 68 Ga-citrate PET in patients with metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC). Methods: Following written informed consent, mCRPC patients were prospectively enrolled and underwent 68 Ga-citrate PET imaging. Optional metastatic tumor biopsies were undertaken at the time of imaging. Results: 34 mCRPC patients underwent 68 Ga-citrate PET imaging. The median age was 67.5 years old. Median duration of castration resistance was 17.5 months; 14.7% of patients were post-docetaxel. Median serum PSA was 35.2 ng/dL. A total of 483 lesions were detected on conventional imaging (CT, 99mTc-HDP) or 68 Ga-citrate PET, including 420 osseous and 63 soft tissue (nodal and visceral) lesions (Table). 67.3% of all lesions were detected on 68 Ga-citrate PET, including 74.5% of all osseous lesions but only 19.0% of all soft tissue lesions (p&lt;0.0001). Eight (1.7%) lesions were detected on 68 Ga-citrate PET imaging only. Per-lesion average SUV max (SUV max,avg ) was 6.7. Metastatic biopsies of PET avid lesions were performed in 20 patients (59%); adenocarcinoma histology was confirmed in 14 (70%) cases, treatment-emergent small cell neuroendocrine cancer (t-SCNC) in 6 (30%). There was no significant difference in SUV max,avg between patients with adenocarcinoma or t-SCNC (SUV max,avg 7.3 vs 7.6, respectively; Table). Serial 68 Ga-citrate PET perfomed in a patient with biopsy-confirmed t-SCNC after 2 cycles of carboplatin/cabazitaxel demonstrated an early metabolic response (28.5% decrease in average SUV max ) confirmed on subsequent conventional imaging. Conclusions: 68 Ga-citrate PET detects mCRPC bone metastases in patients with biopsy-proven prostatic adenocarcinoma or t-SCNC, distinguishing it from lineage dependent agents such as PSMA tracers. Detection of an early metabolic response in the bone of a treated t-SCNC patient was observed. Further prospective studies are ongoing coupling serial Ga-citrate PET with investigational agents targeting the MYC signaling pathway. Clinical trial information: NCT02391025. [Table: see text]
Neoadjuvant versus concurrent androgen deprivation therapy plus radiotherapy for unfavorable intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate cancer with low PSA.
Authors: Neal Andruska, Temitope Agabalogun, Benjamin Walker Fischer-Valuck, Randall Brenneman, Hiram Alberto Gay, Jeff M. Michalski, Brian Christopher Baumann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

243 Background: Dose-escalated radiotherapy (RT) with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer (LPCa), but the optimal sequencing of hormone therapy with RT is unclear, with most patients treated with neoadjuvant ADT. Clinical trials addressing this question have not yielded definitive results. During COVID-19, there has been greater interest in neoadjuvant ADT as a way to delay initiation of RT to reduce risk of COVID transmission from daily RT visits with recent analysis from the NCDB showing that RT can be delayed for up to 6 months after neoadjuvant ADT. It is unclear if neoadjuvant ADT is appropriate for all patients or if select cohorts may benefit from concurrent ADT and upfront RT, such as patients with higher grade disease and low PSA who may have less hormone-responsive disease. Methods: Using the NCDB, we identified men diagnosed from 2004 to 2015 with NCCN unfavorable intermediate risk or high-risk adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a presenting PSA ≤ 5 ng/mL treated with definitive RT and either ADT initiated 2-4 months prior to RT (neoadjuvant ADT) or ADT started within 7 days of RT (concurrent ADT). OS was the primary endpoint. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses was performed using age, facility type, Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score, clinical T stage, and Gleason score. Results: 2393 patients were identified, with 2103 receiving neoadjuvant ADT and 290 receiving concurrent ADT. Multivariable analysis (MVA) showed that concurrent ADT was associated with a lower risk of death relative to patients receiving neoadjuvant ADT {hazard ratio (HR): 0.58 [95% confidence interval: 0.36-0.94], p = 0.02}. The number of days from diagnosis to the start of RT was not associated with worse OS (HR:[0.99-1.01], p = 0.61) on MVA. Age (HR = 1.03 [1.01-1.05], p = 0.002) and treatment at an academic center (HR: 0.71 [0.53-0.94], p = 0.02) were also significantly associated with OS on MVA. The benefit of concurrent ADT relative to neoadjuvant ADT was greatest in patients with Gleason 4 and Gleason 5 disease (HR: 0.31 [0.14-0.71], p = 0.005). Conclusions: For patients with unfavorable intermediate-risk or high-risk prostate cancer and a PSA ≤ 5 ng/mL, concurrent ADT and upfront RT was associated with improved OS compared to neoadjuvant ADT and RT. The associated benefit appeared to be more pronounced for Gleason Score ≥ 8. Results are hypothesis generating and require validation in a randomized trial.
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic disease’’ by C<i>et al</i>
Authors: Kristin M D’Silva, Naomi Serling-Boyd, Tiffany Y-T Hsu, Jeffrey A Sparks, Zachary Scott Wallace
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

The dose-duration effect of nebulized nedocromil sodium was studied in ten patients with exercise-induced asthma (7 males mean (SEM) age 30.1 (3.5) yrs and predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 102%). All of these patients showed &gt; 40% protection of their exercise asthma with 4 mg of nedocromil sodium delivered via metered dose inhaler. Three concentrations of nedocromil sodium (0.5, 2.5 and 10 mg.ml-1) and placebo were administered in double-blind, randomized manner. One ml of each solution was nebulized via a Wright nebulizer. Effects were assessed from the mean maximal percentage fall in FEV1 after 6-8 min treadmill exercise at 15, 135 and 255 min following each treatment and expressed as percentage protection. The mean baseline FEV1 values before and after treatments were comparable on four days of testing. Nedocromil sodium inhibited exercise-induced fall in FEV1 at all concentrations (p &lt; 0.001) and the inhibitory effect was still present at 255 min. No differences were observed between active treatments.
Association of frequent moisturizer use in early infancy with the development of food allergy
Authors: Michael R. Perkin, Kirsty Logan, Tom Marrs, Suzana Radulovic, Joanna Craven, Robert J. Boyle, Joanne R. Chalmers, Hywel C. Williams, Serge A. Versteeg, Ronald van Ree, Gideon Lack, Carsten Flohr, Louise Young, Victoria Offord, Mary DeSousa, Jason Cullen, Katherine Taylor, Anna Tseng, Bunmi Raji, Sarah Byrom, Gillian Regis, Charlie Bigwood, Charlotte Stedman, Sharon Tonner, Emily Banks, Yasmin Kahnum, Rachel Babic, Ben Stockwell, Erin Thompson, Lorna Wheatley, Devi Patkunam, Kerry Richards, Ewa Pietraszewicz, Alick Stephens, Asha Sudra, Victor Turcanu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

Food allergy is thought to develop through transcutaneous sensitization, especially in the presence of skin barrier impairment and inflammation. Regular moisturizer application to infant skin could potentially promote transcutaneous sensitization and the development of food allergy.We tested this hypothesis in the Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) study population.The EAT study was a population-based randomized clinical trial conducted from January 15, 2008, to August 31, 2015, and recruited 1303 exclusively breastfed 3-month-old infants and their families from England and Wales. At enrollment at 3 months, families completed a questionnaire that included questions about frequency and type of moisturizer applied, use of corticosteroid creams, and parental report of dry skin or eczema. Infants were examined for visible eczema at the enrollment visit.A statistically significant dose-response relationship was observed between parent-reported moisturization frequency at 3 months of age and the subsequent development of food allergy. Each additional moisturization per week was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.20 (95% CI, 1.13-1.27; P < .0005) for developing food allergy. For infants with no visible eczema at the enrollment visit, the corresponding adjusted odds ratio was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.07-1.30; P = .001) and for those with eczema at the enrollment visit, 1.20 (95% CI, 1.11-1.31; P < .0005). Moisturizer frequency showed similar dose-response relationships with the development of both food and aeroallergen sensitization at 36 months.These findings support the notion that regular application of moisturizers to the skin of young infants may promote the development of food allergy through transcutaneous sensitization.
Combining Machine Learning Predictive Algorithms With Behavioral Nudges to Increase Rates of Serious Illness Conversations in Patients With Cancer—Reply
Authors: Christopher R. Manz, Ravi B. Parikh, Mitesh S. Patel
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
First results from the phase 3 CheckMate 274 trial of adjuvant nivolumab vs placebo in patients who underwent radical surgery for high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC).
Authors: Dean F. Bajorin, Johannes Alfred Witjes, Jürgen Gschwend, Michael Schenker, Begoña P. Valderrama, Yoshihiko Tomita, Aristotelis Bamias, Thierry Lebret, Shahrokh Shariat, Se Hoon Park, Dingwei Ye, Mads Agerbaek, Sandra Collette, Keziban Unsal-Kacmaz, Dimitrios Zardavas, Henry B. Koon, Matt D. Galsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

391 Background: The standard of care (SOC) for patients (pts) with MIUC is radical surgery ± cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (chemo), but many pts are cisplatin-ineligible. There is no conclusive evidence supporting adjuvant chemo in pts who did not receive neoadjuvant chemo and in those with residual disease after neoadjuvant cisplatin. This phase 3 trial of adjuvant nivolumab (NIVO) vs placebo (PBO) in pts with MIUC after radical surgery ± neoadjuvant cisplatin (CheckMate 274) aims to address an unmet need in these pts. We report the initial results. Methods: This is a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of NIVO vs PBO in pts with high-risk MIUC (bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis) after radical surgery. Pts were randomized 1:1 to NIVO 240 mg Q2W or PBO for ≤ 1 year of adjuvant treatment. Pts had radical surgery within 120 days ± neoadjuvant cisplatin or were ineligible/declined cisplatin-based chemo, evidence of UC at high risk of recurrence per pathologic staging, were disease-free by imaging, and ECOG PS ≤ 1. Primary endpoints: disease-free survival (DFS) in all randomized pts (ITT population) and in pts with tumor PD-L1 expression ≥ 1%. DFS was stratified by nodal status, prior neoadjuvant cisplatin, and PD-L1 status. Non–urothelial tract recurrence-free survival (NUTRFS) in ITT pts and in pts with PD-L ≥ 1% is a secondary endpoint. Safety is an exploratory endpoint. Results: In total, 353 pts were randomized to NIVO (PD-L1 ≥ 1%, n = 140) and 356 pts to PBO (PD-L1 ≥ 1%, n = 142). The primary endpoint of DFS was met in ITT pts (median follow-up, 20.9 mo for NIVO; 19.5 mo for PBO) and in pts with PD-L1 ≥ 1%. DFS and NUTRFS were improved with NIVO vs PBO in both populations (Table). DFS improvement with NIVO was generally consistent across subgroups. Grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 17.9% and 7.2% of pts in the NIVO and PBO arms, respectively. Conclusions: NIVO demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in DFS vs PBO for MIUC after radical surgery, both in ITT pts and pts with PD-L1 ≥ 1%. AEs were manageable and consistent with previous reports. These results support adjuvant NIVO as a new SOC for pts with MIUC with high risk for recurrence despite neoadjuvant chemo or those ineligible for and/or declining cisplatin-based chemo. Clinical trial information: NCT02632409 . Research Sponsor: Bristol Myers Squibb[Table: see text]
Rendezvous ERCP via endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage to salvage a dislodged lumen-apposing metal stent during choledochoduodenostomy
Authors: Ramon Sanchez-Ocana, Marina de Benito Sanz, Rodrigo Nájera-Muñoz, Carlos Chavarria, Carlos de la Serna-Higuera, Manuel Perez-Miranda
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A patient with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma underwent combined endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and endoscopic biliary drainage. Tumor involvement of a creased papilla precluded endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). EUS-cholangiography revealed a dilated common bile duct (CBD) and a patent cystic duct above a distal stricture ([Fig. 1]).
Three Different FDG Patterns in Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia Correlated to Video Stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Caroline Bund, Maria Paola Valenti Hirsch, Irène Ollivier, Edouard Hirsch, Izzie Jacques Namer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract A 40-year-old woman with a drug-resistant focal epilepsy underwent cerebral FDG PET in phase 1 presurgical epilepsy study. MRI essentially showed multiple periventricular nodular heterotopias. The stereoelectroencephalography coupled to MRI and FDG PET helped to define the anatomofunctional correlation of the epileptogenic zone network. This procedure brought to light 3 distinct patterns of FDG consumption, corresponding to different anatomoelectroclinical features. This pattern was already found in a previous FDG PET reflecting a “stable” permanent intralesional intercritical stereoelectroencephalography activity, an electrical “signature” of the lesion. Finally, functional imaging improved thermocoagulation in this patient and emphasized the use of FDG in drug-resistant epilepsy.