tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Linezolid: The First Oxazolidinone Antimicrobial
Authors: James R. Johnson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters18 November 2003Linezolid: The First Oxazolidinone AntimicrobialJames R. Johnson, MDJames R. Johnson, MDFrom Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Minneapolis, MN 55417.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-10-200311180-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his review of linezolid, Moellering (1) appropriately calls for clinical trials comparing the efficacy and safety of linezolid with those of other new drugs active against resistant gram-positive organisms, including quinupristin-dalfopristin (currently licensed) and oritivancin and daptomycin (under development). Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), an older drug not mentioned by Moellering, deserves similar attention. This drug is active in vitro against most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, including the first 2 such clinical isolates fully resistant to vancomycin (2). In the only available randomized trial, TMP-SMZ and vancomycin were equally effective (100% success for both) against significant MRSA infections ...References1. Moellering RC. Linezolid: the first oxazolidinone antimicrobial. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:135-42. [PMID: 12529096] LinkGoogle Scholar2. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureusPennsylvania, 2002. JAMA. 2002;288:2116. [PMID: 12425311] Google Scholar3. Markowitz N, Quinn EL, Saravolatz LD. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with vancomycin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:390-8. [PMID: 1503330] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James R. Johnson, MDAffiliations: From Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Minneapolis, MN 55417. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoLinezolid: The First Oxazolidinone Antimicrobial Robert C. Moellering Jr. Linezolid: The First Oxazolidinone Antimicrobial D. A. Lindley Linezolid: The First Oxazolidinone Antimicrobial David L. Paterson , A. William Pasculle , and Kenneth McCurry Linezolid: The First Oxazolidinone Antimicrobial Robert C. Moellering Jr. Metrics Cited byTolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Contezolid at Therapeutic and Supratherapeutic Doses in Healthy Chinese Subjects, and Assessment of Contezolid Dosing Regimens Based on Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis 18 November 2003Volume 139, Issue 10Page: 863KeywordsClinical trialsDrug safetyDrugsHealth careInjecting drug usersMethicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureusRandomized trialsSafetyVancomycinVeteran care ePublished: 18 November 2003 Issue Published: 18 November 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Evidence for a specific receptor site for lidocaine, quinidine, and bupivacaine associated with cardiac sodium channels in guinea pig ventricular myocardium.
Authors: C WClarkson, L MHondeghem
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

According to the modulated receptor hypothesis, sodium channels have a specific receptor site for local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drugs. Thus, in the presence of a high concentration of two drugs, competitive displacement of one drug by another may occur. Furthermore, if a drug that has relatively rapid post-stimulation recovery kinetics (e.g., lidocaine) displaces another drug with relatively slow recovery kinetics (i.e., quinidine or bupivacaine), then a net reduction in sodium channel blockade is expected at certain stimulation rates. We tested this prediction, using the maximum upstroke velocity of the ventricular action potential as an indicator of drug-free sodium channels. A single sucrose gap technique was used to stimulate guinea pig papillary muscles, and to control membrane voltage at all times except during the action potential upstroke. Drug-induced inhibition of maximum upstroke velocity increased as the stimulation rate was increased, and was significant (P less than 0.05) at stimulatio...
Chloroquine and Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
Authors: Selim R. Benbadis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 March 1996Chloroquine and Nonconvulsive Status EpilepticusSelim R. Benbadis, MD and Paul C. Van Ness, MDSelim R. Benbadis, MDMedical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75235Search for more papers by this author and Paul C. Van Ness, MDMedical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75235Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-6-199603150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the report by Mulhauser and colleagues on chloroquine-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus [1]. We agree that the clinical picture is consistent with the diagnosis of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. The segment of the electroencephalogram (EEG) shown in their report, by its strict appearance, is not diagnostic, but we agree that the dramatic resolution of the electroclinical picture with intravenous benzodiazepine provides compelling evidence for the diagnosis of status epilepticus.However, we dispute the authors' contention that this case represents complex partial status epilepticus. Although the picture is consistent with that diagnosis, it is more suggestive ...References1. Mulhauser P, Allemann Y, Regamey C. Chloroquine and nonconvulsive status epilepticus [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:76-7. Google Scholar2. Gastaut H. Classification of status epilepticus. In: Delgado-Escueta AV, Wasterlain CG, Treiman DM, Porter RJ, eds. Advances in Neurology. New Y ork: Raven; 1983:15-35. Google Scholar3. Porter RJ, Penry JK. Petit mal status. In: Delgado-Escueta AV, Wasterlain CG, Treiman DM, Porter RJ, eds. Advances in Neurology. New York: Raven; 1983:61-7. Google Scholar4. Daly DD. Epilepsy and syncope. In: Pedley TA, Daly DD, eds. Current Practice of Clinical Electroencephalography. New York: Raven; 1990:269-34. Google Scholar5. Thomas P, Beaumanoir A, Genton P, Dolisi C, Chatel M. “De novo” absence status of late onset: report of 11 cases. Neurology. 1992; 42:104-10. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX 75235 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNeuropathogenesis and Neurologic Manifestations of the Coronaviruses in the Age of Coronavirus Disease 2019 15 March 1996Volume 124, Issue 6Page: 614KeywordsChloroquineElectroencephalographyEpilepsyEpileptic seizuresExtrapolationStatus epilepticusSurgery Issue Published: 15 March 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Relative risk rather than absolute risk reduction should be preferred to sensitise the public to preventive actions
Authors: Nicolas Chapelle, Myriam Martel, Alan N Barkun, Marc Bardou
Journal: Gut (2021)

We thank Lawrence and colleagues1 for their interest in our work,2 about which they raised some comments as the need of expressing results in absolute rather than relative risks.

As they appropriately mentioned in their correspondence, absolute risk is an important parameter for the estimation of the effect of an intervention and must sometimes be preferred to relative risk.

However, when discussing with health professionals and policymakers, using absolute risk reductions, expressed as percentages, may incorrectly lead to an intervention being considered unnecessary. As example, what would be the point of reducing by 30% the occurrence of an event affecting 2% of the population? This is exactly what we were confronted to with the COVID-19 pandemic, when policymakers were criticised for putting in place measures to reduce individual freedoms, which were considered excessive in relation to the …
ESMO Minimum Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of cancers of unknown primary site (CUP)
Authors: Evangelos Briasoulis, Christos Tolis, Nicholas Pavlidis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)

ESMO Minimum Clinical Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of cancers of unknown primary site (CUP) Definition and incidence TreatmentCUP represents a heterogeneous group of tumours first presenting with metastases for which a workup as listed below fails to identify the site of origin at the time of diagnosis.CUP accounts for a 3-5% of all malignancies.
Cardiac and pulmonary norepinephrine release and removal in the dog.
Authors: P ABlombery, B GHeinzow
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Norepinephrine extraction and spillover rates were determined in the heart and lungs of anesthetized dogs under resting conditions, during sympathetic stimulation, and during epicardial pacing. The fractional extraction of norepinephrine across the coronary and pulmonary vascular beds was measured from the venoarterial difference in tritiated norepinephrine after infusion of a tracer dose to a steady state level. Cardiac extraction averaged 0.299 +/- 0.03 and pulmonary extraction averaged 0.215 +/- 0.014; extraction was unaffected by sympathetic stimulation or pacing. Norepinephrine spillover from sympathetic nerve terminals in the heart and lungs was measured from the venoarterial difference in endogenous norepinephrine and plasma flow after correction for the extraction component. Cardiac norepinephrine spillover increased linearly with increasing frequency of sympathetic stimulation to 7.44 times resting levels at 2 Hz. During pacing, there was no change in cardiac norepinephrine spillover despite mark...
Differences in response of myosin isozyme transition of ordinary and specialized myocardium to overload.
Authors: KNomoto, IKomuro, MKuro-o, HTsuchimochi, FTakaku, KMachii, YYazaki
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

To investigate the response of myosin isozyme transition in specialized myocardium to cardiac overload, we examined immunohistochemically the distribution of myosin isozymes in sinus node cells of overloaded canine atria, using the monoclonal antibodies CMA19 and HMC14, which are specific for atrial myosin heavy chain (alpha-HC) and ventricular myosin heavy chain (beta-HC), respectively. Overloading in canine right atria was induced by artificial tricuspid valve regurgitation and pulmonary stenosis. Right atrial mean pressure rose to 15-20 mm Hg (n = 4) 2 months after surgery. In the working myocardium, cardiac overload caused redistribution of myosin isozymes, alpha-HC to beta-HC. Compared with the normal right atria, fewer myocytes were labeled with CMA19, but more were labeled with HMC14. However, the reactivity of sinus node cells with CMA19 and HMC14 was not changed between normal and overloaded right atria, indicating no redistribution of myosin heavy chain isozymes, alpha-HC to beta-HC. These resul...
Direct observation of the "oxygen paradox" in single rat ventricular myocytes.
Authors: M DStern, A MChien, M CCapogrossi, D JPelto, E GLakatta
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

By phase contrast microscopy with video length tracking, we followed the sequence of morphological changes in individual isolated rat ventricular myocytes during anoxia followed by reoxygenation. Cells appeared normal during early anoxia. After a duration of anoxia T1, which varied from 17-47 minutes in different cells, each cell abruptly contracted an average of 33% in length to an inert rectangular form presumed to be a rigor state. Cells which were reoxygenated before the onset of rigor showed normal morphology and an unchanged extent of shortening on field stimulation, compared to control. Cells that were reoxygenated after a time in the rigor state, T2, either partially recovered to a shortened rectangular form capable of stimulated twitches or rounded up rapidly to a disordered hypercontracture form. The distribution of T1 was the same for cells which recovered and which hypercontracted. In contrast, the outcome of reoxygenation depended markedly on T2: all cells that were reoxygenated after less th...
Interaction between cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic gunaosine monophosphate in guinea pig ventricular myocardium.
Authors: A MWatanabe, H RBesch
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying adrenergic-cholinergic antagonism in ventricular myocardium. Myocardial contractility, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) levels, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) levels were measure in isolated guinea pig ventricles after treatment with various inotropic agents given alone and simultaneously with acetylcholine. Acetylcholine alone markedly elevated cyclic GMP levels but did not substantially change myocardial contractility. However, the same concentration of acetylcholine significantly attenuated the inotropic effect of isoproterenol and histamine, two drugs that may act by increasing myocardial levels of cyclic AMP. The decrease in the inotropic response to isoproterenol did not appear to be due to a decrease in the generation of cyclic AMP, because cyclic AMP levels were similar in hearts receiving isoproterenol alone and those receiving isoproterenol with acetylcholine. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP also antagonized the intropic actio...
Fiber types and myosin types in human atrial and ventricular myocardium. An anatomical description.
Authors: PBouvagnet, JLeger, FPons, CDechesne, J JLeger
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Hybridomas were prepared from mice immunized with myosin from the enlarged left ventricle of a 53-year-old female with an obstructive cardiomyopathy. The specificity of 15 monoclonal antibodies to myosin heavy chains was assessed by the reactivity of muscle extracts and of chymotryptic myosin fragments of different sizes with these antibodies, as determined by the immune replicate technique; some of the monoclonal antibodies cross-reacted only with the ventricular V3-type myosin from hypothyroid rats, whereas the other antibodies cross-reacted both with the latter and with the ventricular V1-type myosins from normal young rats. Immunological heterogeneity of the fibers from human atrial muscles and from human ventricular muscles was detected by some of the antimyosin antibodies by means of indirect immunofluorescence. Histochemical fiber heterogeneity was also detected by adenosine triphosphatase staining of the same tissues. Because of the close correspondence observed between the immunological and histo...
コルチゾール慢性投与はブタ冠動脈の過剰収縮を誘発する Rhoキナーゼ関与の可能性(Chronic Administration of Cortisol Induces Hyperconstriction of Porcine Coronary Arteries: Possible Involvement of Rho-Kinas)
Authors: Hizume Takatoshi, Uwatoku Toyokazu, Oi Keiji, Abe Kotaro, Shimokawa Hiroaki
Journal: Circulation (2004)
A novel sialyl LewisX analog attenuates neutrophil accumulation and myocardial necrosis after ischemia and reperfusion.
Authors: D JLefer, D MFlynn, M LPhillips, MRatcliffe, A JBuda
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDPolymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have been shown to mediate coronary vascular and myocardial tissue injury after coronary artery ischemia and reperfusion. Previous studies using specific monoclonal antibodies directed against P-selectin and L-selectin have demonstrated the involvement of the selectin family of glycoproteins in the early phase of PMN-induced myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. We examined the effects of a novel oligosaccharide analog of sialyl LewisX (SLeX), which blocks both P-selectin and E-selectin in an acute canine model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.METHODS AND RESULTSAnesthetized, open-chest dogs were subjected to 1.5 hours of left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) occlusion followed by 4.5 hours of reperfusion and randomly received the SLeX analog CY-1503 (5 mg/kg IV), the nonfucosylated analog of CY-1503, SLN (5 mg/kg IV), or saline 5 minutes before reperfusion. The investigators were blinded to the treatment until all the data analysis was completed. All ...
Intracellular pH regulation in ferret ventricular muscle. The role of Na-H exchange and the influence of metabolic substrates.
Authors: L ABlatter, J AMcGuigan
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Aspects of pH regulation in ferret ventricular cells have been investigated by using pH- and sodium-selective microelectrodes in bicarbonate-free Tyrode's solution. An acid load was produced by the transient application of NH4Cl (10 or 20 mmol/l). A complete recovery from an acid load was still observed after multiple applications of NH4Cl, but amiloride (0.75 or 1 mmol/l), a blocker of the Na-H exchanger, increased the acidification and inhibited the recovery. Measurements of intracellular sodium concentration showed a transient decrease during the application of NH4Cl and a transient increase above control values during recovery from acidification. This increase was inhibited by amiloride. Intracellular sodium loading (strophanthidin [low calcium-low potassium Tyrode's solution]) did not initially cause an intracellular pH (pHi) change, but the acidification induced by amiloride under those circumstances was larger. Reducing extracellular sodium concentration from 155 to 5 or to 1.5 mmol/l caused an aci...
Gain of toxic function by long-term AAV9-mediated SMN overexpression in the sensorimotor circuit
Authors: Meaghan Van Alstyne, Ivan Tattoli, Nicolas Delestrée, Yocelyn Recinos, Eileen Workman, Lamya S. Shihabuddin, Chaolin Zhang, George Z. Mentis, Livio Pellizzoni
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2021)
Preoperative exercise interventions to optimize continence outcomes following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Sean F. Mungovan, Sigrid V. Carlsson, Gregory C. Gass, Petra L. Graham, Jaspreet S. Sandhu, Oguz Akin, Peter T. Scardino, James A. Eastham, Manish I. Patel
Journal: Nature Reviews Urology (2021)
Autoantibodies against type I interferons are associated with multi-organ failure in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Rutger Koning, Paul Bastard, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Matthijs C. Brouwer, Diederik van de Beek, Michiel van Agtmael, Anne Geke Algera, Brent Appelman, Frank van Baarle, Diane Bax, Martijn Beudel, Harm Jan Bogaard, Marije Bomers, Peter Bonta, Lieuwe Bos, Michela Botta, Justin de Brabander, Godelieve Bree, Sanne de Bruin, Marianna Bugiani, Esther Bulle, Nora Chekrouni, Osoul Chouchane, Alex Cloherty, Dave A. Dongelmans, Romein W. G. Dujardin, Paul Elbers, Lucas Fleuren, Suzanne Geerlings, Theo Geijtenbeek, Armand Girbes, Bram Goorhuis, Martin P. Grobusch, Florianne Hafkamp, Laura Hagens, Jorg Hamann, Vanessa Harris, Robert Hemke, Sabine M. Hermans, Leo Heunks, Markus Hollmann, Janneke Horn, Joppe W. Hovius, Menno D. de Jong, Rutger Koning, Endry H. T. Lim, Niels van Mourik, Jeaninne Nellen, Esther J. Nossent, Sabine Olie, Frederique Paulus, Edgar Peters, Tom van der Poll, Bennedikt Preckel, Jan M. Prins, Jorinde Raasveld, Tom Reijnders, Michiel Schinkel, Marcus J. Schultz, Alex Schuurmans, Jaap Schuurmans, Kim Sigaloff, Marleen A. Slim, Marry Smit, Cornelis S. Stijnis, Willemke Stilma, Charlotte Teunissen, Patrick Thoral, Anissa M. Tsonas, Marc van der Valk, Denise Veelo, Heder de Vries, Lonneke A. Vught, Michèle van Vugt, Dorien Wouters, A. H. Zwinderman, Matthijs C. Brouwer, W. Joost Wiersinga, Alexander P. J. Vlaar, Diederik van de Beek
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2021)
Gold nanorods-mediated efficient synergistic immunotherapy for detection and inhibition of postoperative tumor recurrence
Authors: Yingying Zhang, Tiange Wang, Yu Tian, Chaonan Zhang, Kun Ge, Jinchao Zhang, Jin Chang, Hanjie Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Tumor recurrence after surgery is the main cause of treatment failure. However, the initial stage of recurrence is not easy to detect, and it is difficult to cure in the late stage. In order to improve the life quality of postoperative patients, an efficient synergistic immunotherapy was developed to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of post-surgical tumor recurrence, simultaneously. In this paper, two kinds of theranostic agents based on gold nanorods (AuNRs) platform were prepared. AuNRs and quantum dots (QDs) in one agent was used for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology to indicate the occurrence of in situ recurrence, while AuNRs in the other agent was used for photothermal therapy (PTT), together with anti-PDL1 mediated immunotherapy to alleviate the process of tumor metastasis. A series of assays indicated that this synergistic immunotherapy could induce tumor cell death and the increased generation of CD3+/CD4+ T-lymphocytes and CD3+/CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Besides, more immune factors (IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ) produced by synergistic immunotherapy were secreted than mono-immunotherapy. This cooperative immunotherapy strategy could be utilized for diagnosis and treatment of postoperative tumor recurrence at the same time, providing a new perspective for basic and clinical research.
Real-time cross-sectional echocardiographic diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta: a prospective study of echocardiographic-angiographic correlations.
Authors: D JSahn, H DAllen, GMcDonald, S JGoldberg
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Real-time cross-sectional echocardiographic sector scan examinations were performed from a suprasternal notch location to image aortic anatomy in 15 children (ages 1 day to 21 years) who were subsequently shown at cardiac catheterization to have coarctation of the descending thoracic aorta. The resulting echocardiographic images of the ascending, transverse and descending aorta imaged juxtaductal coarctation in all 15 patients. Echocardiography predicted discrete coarctation of the aorta in eight, isthmic hypoplasia in two, hourglass type coarctation deformities in three and longer segment coarctation in four patients. Catheterization and angiography confirmed all of these anatomic observations. The control group, 100 patients with congenital heart disease but without angiographic coarctations, included four patients with right-sided aortic arch and six patients with dextrocardia. The ascending, transverse and descending aorta were adequately imaged in 94 of these and no descending aortic abnormalities we...
Contrasting effects of phorbol esters on serotonin- and vasopressin-evoked contractions in rat aorta and small mesenteric artery.
Authors: HShima, M PBlaustein
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Phorbol esters, which activate protein kinase C, modulate vasoconstrictor-induced tension in vascular smooth muscle. We examined the effects of phorbol esters (phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate [PDBu] and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate [TPA]) on receptor agonist (serotonin [5-HT] and arginine vasopressin [AVP])-, high K(+)-, and caffeine-induced contractions in rings of rat aorta and a small (second-order) branch of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). PDBu and TPA significantly augmented agonist-evoked contractions in aorta but diminished those in SMA. For example, 30 nM PDBu increased 5-HT- and AVP-evoked contractions 2.0-2.5-fold in aorta (p less than 0.01) but decreased 5-HT- and AVP-induced contractions by 40-60% in SMA (p less than 0.01). In contrast, PDBu and TPA amplified high K(+)- and 10 mM caffeine-induced contractions in both aorta and SMA. Augmentation of agonist-induced contractions by PDBu was greater in endothelium-denuded aorta than in intact aorta. Two protein kinase C antagonists, H-7 and...