tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Important Drop in Rate of Acute Diabetes Complications in People With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes After Initiation of Flash Glucose Monitoring in France: The RELIEF Study
Authors: Ronan Roussel, Jean-Pierre Riveline, Eric Vicaut, Gérard de Pouvourville, Bruno Detournay, Corinne Emery, Fleur Levrat-Guillen, Bruno Guerci
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE The RELIEF study assessed rates of hospitalization for acute diabetes complications in France before and after initiation of the FreeStyle Libre system. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 74,011 patients with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes who initiated the FreeStyle Libre system were identified from the French national claims database with use of ICD-10 codes, from hospitalizations with diabetes as a contributing diagnosis, or the prescription of insulin. Patients were subclassified based on self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) strip acquisition prior to starting FreeStyle Libre. Hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), severe hypoglycemia, diabetes-related coma, and hyperglycemia were recorded for the 12 months before and after initiation. RESULTS Hospitalizations for acute diabetes complications fell in type 1 diabetes (−49.0%) and in type 2 diabetes (−39.4%) following FreeStyle Libre initiation. DKA fell in type 1 diabetes (−56.2%) and in type 2 diabetes (−52.1%), as did diabetes-related comas in type 1 diabetes (−39.6%) and in type 2 diabetes (−31.9%). Hospitalizations for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia decreased in type 2 diabetes (−10.8% and −26.5%, respectively). Before initiation, hospitalizations were most marked for people noncompliant with SMBG and for those with highest acquisition of SMBG, which fell by 54.0% and 51.2%, respectively, following FreeStyle Libre initiation. Persistence with FreeStyle Libre at 12 months was at 98.1%. CONCLUSIONS This large retrospective study on hospitalizations for acute diabetes complications shows that a significantly lower incidence of admissions for DKA and for diabetes-related coma is associated with use of flash glucose monitoring. This study has significant implications for patient-centered diabetes care and potentially for long-term health economic outcomes.
Externally triggered smart drug delivery system encapsulating idarubicin shows superior kinetics and enhances tumoral drug uptake and response
Authors: Tao Lu, Dieter Haemmerich, Hui Liu, Ann L.B. Seynhaeve, Gerard C. van Rhoon, Adriaan B. Houtsmuller, Timo L.M. ten Hagen
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Recent years have seen considerable progress in the development of nanomedicine by the advent of 2D nanomaterials serving as ideal platforms to integrate multiple theranostic functions.We synthesized multifunctional stimuli-responsive 2D-based smart nanocomposites (NCs), comprising gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs) scaffolded within graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, coated with doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded 1-tetradecanol (TD), and further modified with an alginate (Alg) polymer.TD is a phase-change material (PCM) that confines DOX molecules to the GO surface and melts when the temperature exceeds its melting point (Tm=39 °C), causing the PCM to release its drug payload.By virtue of their strong near-infrared (NIR) light absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency, GO nanosheets may enable photothermal therapy (PTT) and activate a phase change to trigger DOX release.Upon NIR irradiation of NCs, a synergistic thermo-chemotherapeutic effect can be obtained by GO-mediated PTT, resulting an accelerated and controllable drug release through the PCM mechanism.The biodistribution of these NCs could also be imaged with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in vitro and in vivo.Hence, this multifunctional nanotheranostic platform based on 2D nanomaterials appears a promising candidate for multimodal image-guided cancer therapy.
Covid-19: Unusual blood clots are “very rare side effect” of Janssen vaccine, says EMA
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

vaccine, says EMA Elisabeth MahaseA possible link exists between very rare cases of unusual blood clots with low blood platelets and the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) covid-19 vaccine, but the benefits still outweigh the risks, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has said.1
Trends in Receipt of American Diabetes Association Guideline-Recommended Care Among U.S. Adults With Diabetes: NHANES 2005–2018
Authors: Jung-Im Shin, Dan Wang, Gail Fernandes, Natalie Daya, Morgan E. Grams, Sherita H. Golden, Swapnil Rajpathak, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE To characterize national trends and characteristics of adults with diabetes receiving American Diabetes Association (ADA) guideline-recommended care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed serial cross-sectional analyses of 4,069 adults aged ≥20 years with diabetes who participated in the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). RESULTS Overall, the proportion of U.S. adults with diabetes receiving ADA guideline-recommended care meeting all five criteria by self-report in the past year (having a primary doctor for diabetes and one or more visits for this doctor, HbA1c testing, an eye examination, a foot examination, and cholesterol testing) increased from 25.0% in 2005–2006 to 34.1% in 2017–2018 (P-trend = 0.004). For participants with age ≥65 years, it increased from 29.3% in 2005–2006 to 44.2% in 2017–2018 (P-trend = 0.001), whereas for participants with age 40–64 and 20–39 years, it did not change significantly during the same time period: 25.2% to 25.8% (P-trend = 0.457) and 9.9% to 26.0% (P-trend = 0.401), respectively. Those who were not receiving ADA guideline-recommended care were more likely to be younger, of lower socioeconomic status, uninsured, newly diagnosed with diabetes, not on diabetes medication, and free of hypercholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS Receipt of ADA guideline-recommended care increased only among adults with diabetes aged ≥65 years in the past decade. In 2017–2018, only one of three U.S. adults with diabetes reported receiving ADA guideline-recommended care, with even a lower receipt of care among those &amp;lt;65 years of age. Efforts are needed to improve health care delivery and equity in diabetes care. Insurance status is an important modifiable determinant of receiving ADA guideline-recommended care.
AB0031 IL-2 THERAPY AFFECT PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY SJöGREN’S SYNDROME
Authors: Wenjuan Niu, Hong-Yan Wen, Shi Qiao, Yanan Duan, Yang Liu, Chong Gao, LI Xiaofeng
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Background:</h3> PrimarySjogren'sSyndrome (PSS )is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that mainly involves exocrine glands. Changes in the number of lymphocytes in PSS due to broken immune balance. <h3>Objectives:</h3> Toexplorethe quantitative changes of peripheral Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in primarySjogren'ssyndrome before and after short-term low doseIL-2 treatment, and to explore the correlation between the level of peripheral blood lymphocytes and clinical indexes in patients with primary Sjogren syndrome. <h3>Methods:</h3> Total172PSSpatients were enrolled,and 196 healthy adults were used as normal controls.Of them,53 cases were treated with low dose IL-2(5.0*10<sup>5</sup> international units (IU) for 5 days).The median four quantile method was used for statistical description. Multiple samples were compared with Kruskal-Wallis H test, and the correlation between variables was Spearman rank correlation analysis. <h3>Results:</h3> (1 )The number ofT,Th1 cells were decreased as compared with that in the control group(p&lt;0.05).The number of total T,CD8<sup>+</sup> T,Th1,Th17,Treg and the ratio of Th17/Treg were significantly increased after IL-2 treated(p&lt;0.05).The ratio of Th17/Treg in the patients was not significantly different from that in the control group (P&gt;0.05). (2) The Th17 cell levels, the ratio of Th17/Treg and CD4<sup>+</sup> T/CD8<sup>+</sup> T were negatively correlated with ESR (p&lt;0.05). Th1,Th2,Th17 cell levels and the ratio of Th17/Treg were negatively correlated with CRP(p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> The level of CD4 <sup> + </sup> T cells in peripheral blood of patients with PSS such as T,Th1,Th17,Treg cells were significantly decreased, Th17,Th17/Tregwere correlated with ESR,CRP.however, Th17,Treg cell levelswere increased after treatment with short term low dose IL-2,especially Treg cells .Itindicated that IL-2 promoted the differentiation of Treg cells, maintained the function of Treg cells. <h3>References</h3> [1] Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Hernández-Molina G, Lima G, et al. Peripheral regulatory cells immunophenotyping in PSS: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther2013;15:R68 <h3>Disclosure of Interests:</h3> None declared
Abstract MP024: Increase in Adverse Cardiovascular Risk Profile among Hispanics/Latinos of Diverse Backgrounds Living in the United States: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Martha L Daviglus, Jianwen Cai, Amber Pirzada, Nicole M Butera, Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu, James P Lash, Larissa Aviles-Santa, Linda C Gallo, Robert Kaplan, Neil Schneiderman, Gregory A Talavera, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Jeremiah Stamler
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: HCHS/SOL showed that a sizeable proportion of Hispanics/Latinos (80% of men, 71% of women) had at least 1 major CVD risk factor (RF), with marked variations by ethnic background. Little is known about changes in CVD RF profiles over time in this population. Objective: To describe ~6-year changes in CVD RF profiles and examine associations with demographic and socioeconomic/ sociocultural factors. Methods: HCHS/SOL is a multi-center prospective community-based study of 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults of Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central American, and South American backgrounds, aged 18-74 at Visit 1 (2008-11). Visit 2 (2014-17) is ongoing and 8,413 persons (~60% of the cohort to be studied) attended as of Sept. 2016. Analyses included 7,789 men and women with complete data. CVD RF profiles were defined as having 0 (0RF) or any 1 or more (1+RF) of the following: hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and smoking (see definitions in Table). Adjusted percent increases in number of RFs were computed. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations of Visit 1 characteristics with change in RFs, adjusted for sociodemographic, sociocultural, and lifestyle factors. Results: After 5.8 years, 29% of men and 27% of women had increases in number of RFs; changes occurred more frequently in persons with 1+ RF at Visit 1 than in those with 0RF and varied by background ( Table ). Significantly higher odds of increase in number of RFs (vs. 0RF at both visits) were seen with older age (OR=1.07, 95% CI=1.06-1.08 per 1 yr) and male sex (1.74, 1.37-2.21); lower odds with higher education (0.60; 0.44-0.83 for &gt; vs. &lt; high school) and income (0.56, 0.38-0.81 for &gt;$50,000 vs. &lt;$20,000); acculturation did not relate to RF changes. Conclusions: In just a few years, a large percent of US Hispanic/Latino adults had an increase in number of adverse RFs, which varied by background; age, sex, education, and income were associated with RF increases. Greater efforts are needed to prevent CVD RFs in this population.
Shelagh Elizabeth Milne
Authors: Andrew Milne, David Milne, Michael Milne
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Born in Maidstone, Kent, Shelagh Elizabeth Marmion was the first from her school to study medicine and the first to study in Cambridge, where she was at Girton College and was in the first year of women to be actually awarded their bachelors degree. She excelled in her undergraduate studies, being awarded a scholarship after her first year exams and studied pathology in her final year—foreshadowing …
Biodegradable magnesium‐based biomaterials: An overview of challenges and opportunities
Authors: Shukufe Amukarimi, Masoud Mozafari
Journal: MedComm (2021)

Abstract As promising biodegradable materials with nontoxic degradation products, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have received more and more attention in the biomedical field very recently. Having excellent biocompatibility and unique mechanical properties, magnesium‐based alloys currently cover a broad range of applications in the biomedical field. The use of Mg‐based biomedical devices eliminates the need for biomaterial removal surgery after the healing process and reduces adverse effects induced by the implantation of permanent biomaterials. However, the high corrosion rate of Mg‐based implants leads to unexpected degradation, structural failure, hydrogen evolution, alkalization, and cytotoxicity. To overcome these limitations, alloying Mg with suitable alloying elements and surface treatment come highly recommended. In this area, open questions remain on the behavior of Mg‐based biomaterials in the human body and the effects of different factors that have resulted in these challenges. In addition to that, many techniques are yet to be verified to turn these challenges into opportunities. Accordingly, this article aims to review major challenges and opportunities for Mg‐based biomaterials to minimize the challenges for the development of novel biomaterials made of Mg and its alloys.
Patient symptoms following discharge from hospital after COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: L. Pearmain, C. Avram, V. Yioe, P. Webb, G. A. Margaritopoulos, P. Rivera-Ortega, N. Chaudhuri, J. F. Blaikley
Journal: Gut (2021)

Introduction The recovery of patients after COVID-19 has been poorly described  Related coronavirus infections (SARSCOV1 and MERS) have protracted recovery time-courses with significant respiratory morbidity,1 suggesting the same may be true for COVID-19  A service evaluation was therefore undertaken to evaluate the short-term effects of COVID-19  Methods Respiratory specialist doctors conducted structured telephone consultations of patients admitted between 17th March 2020 and 2nd May 2020 with a diagnosis of COVID- 19 pneumonia at a teaching hospital  Using time from discharge patients were allocated into 3 groups: 3-4 weeks, 4-5 weeks and 5+  Patients were asked to recall acute COVID-19 symptoms, current symptoms, activity levels, and exercise capacity after discharge  Exercise capacity was quantified by self-assessment of walking distance on flat (metres), stairs (flights)  Patient reported outcome measures (MRC dyspnoea scale and WHO performance status) were also collated  Results A total of 102 patients were screened, 70 were included in the study, with the rest being unreachable (n=32) Cough, dyspnoea, fever and lethargy were the most common symptoms at time of admission  All these symptoms, except lethargy, improved following discharge (figure 1)  Prevalence in the 5+ week cohort of other symptoms is as follows: dyspnoea 35 7%, cough 11 5%, fever 0%;however, 70% of patients had at least 1 symptom 5 weeks after discharge  Self-reported exercise capacity and MRC dyspnoea score also improved after discharge  Despite this 21 4% of patients had a persistent impairment in walking ability on the flat, 17 8% in stair-climbing with 28 5% persistent deficit in MRC dyspnoea score after 5 weeks  In contrast 40% of patients had a deficit in WHO performance status and this was not affected by time after discharge  In conclusion patients did improve following discharge from hospital for COVID-19 pneumonia, however many were left with residual symptoms and a functional deficit in short term (5 weeks)  It remains to be seen whether this results in long term health problems
Genetic Risk Factors for CVD in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study
Authors: Ionut Bebu, Sareh Keshavarzi, Xiaoyu Gao, Barbara H. Braffett, Angelo J. Canty, William H. Herman, Trevor J. Orchard, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, David M. Nathan, John M. Lachin, Andrew D. Paterson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE The role of genetic factors in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains unknown. We therefore examined whether previously identified genetic factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) are associated with the risk of CVD above and beyond established demographic and clinical factors in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Polygenic risk scores (PRS) and individual genetic variants identified in previous studies were obtained from genome-wide genotyping performed in 1,371 DCCT/EDIC participants. Two composite CVD outcomes were considered: major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (CVD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI] or stroke) and any CVD (MACE plus confirmed angina, silent MI, revascularization, or congestive heart failure). Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between the genetic factors and the risk of CVD with adjustment for other factors (including age, lipids, blood pressure, and glycemia). RESULTS CAD PRS was strongly associated with the subsequent risk of any CVD (42% and 38% higher risk per 1-SD increase in unadjusted and fully adjusted models, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and with the risk of MACE (50% and 40% higher risk per 1-SD increase in unadjusted and fully adjusted models, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Several individual single nucleotide polymorphisms were also nominally associated with the risk of any CVD and MACE. CONCLUSIONS Genetic factors are associated with the risk of subsequent CVD in individuals with T1D above and beyond the effect of established risk factors such as age, lipids, blood pressure, and glycemia.
Natural killer (NK) lymphocytes are cytotoxic for multidrug resistant neuroblastoma cells expressing NKG2D ligands MICA, MICB, ULBP-1, -2, and 3
Authors: Hong-Wei Wu, Zamir Warsi, Leonid S. Metelitsa, Shahab Asgharzadeh, Robert C. Seeger
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

4701  Although outcome for children with metastatic neuroblastoma has improved with intensive chemoradiotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and 13-cis-retinoic acid, recurrence of multi-drug resistant tumors is still a major problem. Neuroblastoma cells express few or no MHC class I molecules and so may be sensitive to NK cell cytotoxicity regardless of drug resistance. Twenty-one neuroblastoma cell lines that were derived before or after clinical disease progression and that were characterized for sensitivity to cisplatin, carboplatin, etoposide, doxorubicin and melphalan were tested for their sensitivity to purified NK cells (>98% CD56+, CD3- lymphocytes). NK cells were isolated by negative selection with magnetic immunobeads from blood of normal adult donors and cultured with IL-2 for 48 hrs or IL-2 + IL-15 for 3-4 wks. Cytotoxicity was quantified after culturing NK cells with calcein-AM labeled neuroblastoma cells in 96-well plates for 6 hr by measuring residual calcein fluorescence with digital image microscopy scanning. Twenty of 21 cell lines were sensitive to NK cells from three donors (5-72% viable cells after 6 hr). Cytotoxicity was independent of drug sensitivity, MYCN amplification, and MHC class I expression. Concanamycin A completely blocked NK cell killing, indicating a perforin/granzyme B mechanism. Neuroblastoma expression of mRNA for MICA, MICB, ULBP-1, -2, and -3 (Taqman® qRT-PCR), which are ligands for the NK activating receptor NKG2D, correlated with cytotoxicity. MAb M580 against NKG2D (10-100 μg/ml; provided by D. Cosman, Amgen) blocked cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, and this was complete for LA-N-1, SMS-KCNR, and CHLA-255 cells and 79% and 87% for LA-N-5 and CHLA-15 cells at the highest dose. MAbs (provided by Amgen) to NKG2D ligands demonstrated that each contributed to cytotoxicity, and combining all five mAbs completely blocked killing. Principal component analysis of microarray expression data (Affymetrix U133A and U133B arrays) for 19 cell lines demonstrated 3 clusters corresponding to those with high, intermediate, and low sensitivity to NK cells (5-16%, 30-37%, and 42-96% viable cells, respectively after 6 hrs). Microarray data also suggested that CD58 (LFA-3), the ligand for the CD2 co-activating receptor of NK cells, has a role in cytotoxicity, and antibodies against CD2 and CD58 partially blocked killing. We conclude that MYCN amplification and drug resistance do not affect NK cell killing of neuroblastoma cells and that short-term cytotoxicity is NKG2D/perforin/granzyme dependent. This suggests that strategies to activate NK cells and to target them to neuroblastoma cells may contribute to therapy of this disease.
COVID-19 Outbreaks in Correctional Facilities with Work-Release Programs — Idaho, July–November 2020
Authors: Eileen M. Dunne, Ellie Morgan, Bruce Wells-Moore, Samuel Pierson, Sandra Zakroff, Lindsay Haskell, Kimberly Link, Jodie Powell, Ian Holland, Kai Elgethun, Christopher Ball, Rene Haugen, Christine G. Hahn, Kris K. Carter, Christine Starr
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

As of April 16, 2021, U.S. correctional and detention facilities reported 399,631 cases of COVID-19 in incarcerated persons, resulting in 2,574 deaths (1).During July 14-November 30, 2020, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 382 persons incarcerated in Idaho correctional facilities with work-release programs.Work-release programs (which place incarcerated persons in community businesses) have social and economic benefits, but might put participants at increased risk for bidirectional transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.The Idaho Department of Correction (IDOC) operates 13 state-run correctional facilities, including six lowsecurity facilities dedicated to work-release programs.This report describes COVID-19 outbreaks in five IDOC facilities with work-release programs,* provides the mitigation strategies that IDOC implemented, and describes the collaborative public health response.As of November 30, 2020, 382 outbreakrelated COVID-19 cases were identified among incarcerated persons in five Idaho correctional facilities with work-release programs; two outbreaks were linked to food processing plants.Mitigation strategies that helped to control outbreaks in IDOC facilities with work-release programs included isolation of persons with COVID-19, identification and quarantine of close contacts, mass testing of incarcerated persons and staff members, and temporary suspension of work-release programs.Implementation of public health recommendations for correctional and detention facilities with work-release programs, including mass testing and identification of high-risk work sites, can help mitigate SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.Incarcerated persons participating in work-release should be included in COVID-19 vaccination plans.A COVID-19 case was defined as detection of SARS-CoV-2 by a nucleic acid amplification test collected from a person incarcerated in an IDOC facility during July 14-November 30, 2020.† Cases were reported to the Idaho Department of Health and Welfare (IDHW).§ Facility information and work-release * One of the five facilities operates vocational work projects.† Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests were done at the Idaho Bureau of Laboratories or Boise VA Medical Center (TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), or at IDOC (Abbott ID NOW COVID-19, Abbott Diagnostics Scarborough, Inc.) during July 14-November 30, 2020.§ SARS-CoV-2 test results were reported to IDHW in accordance with Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act requirements (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/reporting-lab-data.html) and Idaho reportable disease rules (https://healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/providers/reportable-diseases/idaho-reportable-diseases).