tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of pleural effusion in ovarian cancer: A retrospective study in Lleida, Spain.
Authors: Eleonor Paola Murata, Silvia Bielsa, Marina Pardina, Antonieta Salud Salvia, Laura Porcel, Jm Porcel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

e17534 Background: The presence of pleural effusion in the evolution of patients with ovarian cancer is not uncommon. In one series of 123 patients, malignant pleural effusion at the diagnoses was observed in 29%, and 70% during the course of the disease. Methods: This observational, retrospective study included patients with ovarian cancer and pleural effusion between July 2007 and December 2019 in Lleida, province of Catalonia, Spain. Data were collected from electronic medical reports. This study analyzed the clinical features of ovarian cancer patients with pleural effusion and its impact on their survival. Results: Data from 189 patients with ovarian cancer were collected. The median age was 63 years old. Pleural effusion was observed in 81 patients, 55 at the diagnosis and 26 in the disease evolution. Fifty five percent were confirmed as malignant etiology. Most of the patients were diagnosed with an advanced stage (38.3% stage IIIC, 12.3% stage IVA, 40.7% stage IVB), and 74.1% were high-grade serous carcinoma. When the pleural effusion was observed at the diagnosis, the median overall survival was 20.8 vs 69.3 months in the absence of it (p &lt; 0.001). When the pleural effusion was observed at any time of the disease, the median overall survival was 26.7 vs 90.4 months without it (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, patients with ovarian cancer and pleural effusion, at diagnosis or in the course of the disease, experienced reduced survival compared with the absence of it.
Risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with breast cancer treated with chemotherapy, biologic therapy or active surveillance: Patient outcomes from multicenter institution in New York.
Authors: Nibash Budhathoki, John Kucharczyk, Nina D'Abreo, Maryann J. Kwa, Magdalena Plasilova, Shubhada Dhage, Alexander A. Hindenburg, Joanna Lee, Megan Winner, Alison Daly, Phyu Phyu Soe, Angela Ramdhanny, Freya Ruth Schnabel, Ruth Oratz, James L. Speyer, Yelena Novik, Marleen Iva Meyers, Simon Jones, Sylvia Adams, Douglas Kanter Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

1513 Background: In high-risk estrogen-receptor positive, HER2 positive, or triple negative breast cancer (BC), chemotherapy can increase cure rates in early-stage disease and prolong survival in setting of advanced disease. Real world data specific to BC is needed to counsel patients (pts) with BC on their risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: In this retrospective study, we abstracted clinical data including demographics, tumor histology, cancer treatment, and COVID-19 testing results status from the electronic medical record of 3778 BC patients who received cancer care from 02/01/2020 – 05/01/2020 in New York City at our cancer center. The primary endpoint of the study was incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by treatment type (cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT) vs non-cytotoxic therapies (endocrine and/or HER2 directed therapy (E/H)) diagnosed by either serology, RT-PCR, or documented clinical diagnosis. Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW) and Mann-Whitney Test were used to assess risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by treatment and assess outcomes based on oncologic and non-oncologic risk factors respectively. Results: 3062 patients met inclusion criteria with 379 pts in CT, 2343 pts in E/H and 340 in NT groups. During study period 641 patients (20.9%) were tested by either PCR or serology with 64 patients (2.1%) diagnosed with COVID-19. All pts who tested positive by PCR and subsequently had serology testing were positive for IgG. The weighted risk of SARS-COV-2 infection was 3.5% in CT vs. 2.7% in E/H (p=0.523). 27 patients (0.9%) expired over follow up, with 10 deaths attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The weighted risk for death was 0.7% with CT vs. 0.1% with E/H, p=0.24 (Table A). Age, BMI,CCI and advanced cancer stage were associated with increased mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection (Table). Conclusions: CT was not associated with increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 infection or death following infection. BC cancer treatment, including CT, can be safely administered with enhanced infectious precautions and should not be withheld particularly when given for curative intent.[Table: see text]
Adjuvant capecitabine in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A multicenter randomized controlled phase III trial.
Authors: Jingjing Miao, Lin Wang, Sze Huey Tan, Jin-Gao Li, Junlin Yi, Ye Zhang, Xiaochang Gong, Xiang Yanqun, Qiu-Yan Chen, Mingyuan Chen, Xing Lv, Weixiong Xia, Lin-Quan Tang, Xiao-Wu Deng, Xiang Guo, Hai-Qiang Mai, Fei Han, Melvin Lee Kiang Chua, Chong Zhao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

6005 Background: We conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled phase III clinical trial (NCT02143388) to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of adjuvant capecitabine (AC) in addition to concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy (CCRT) compared to CCRT alone in high-risk locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) patients. Methods: Eligibility criteria included AJCC/UICC 7 th ed TNM stage III-IVb and one of the following features: T3-4N2 or T1-4N3 or pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA concentration of &gt;20,000 copy/ml or gross primary tumor volume (GTVnx) of &gt;30 cm 3 or a maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of &gt;10.0 by 18 FDG PET-CT within the primary tumor or multiple neck node metastases, with any larger than 4 cm. All patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive CCRT (3-weekly cisplatin at 100 mg/m 2 for 2-3 cycles) followed by AC (1000 mg/m 2 bi-daily for 14 days every 21-day cycle for 8 cycles), or CCRT alone. The prescribed radiation doses were 68-72 Gy/30-32 fractions to the PTVnx, 60-68 Gy/30-32 fractions to PTVnd, 60-64Gy/30-32 fractions to PTV high-risk , 54-58Gy/30-32 fractions to PTV low-risk . Primary end point was failure-free survival (FFS). Results: Between Mar 2014 to Jul 2018, 180 patients were recruited (90 patients in CCRT+AC arm and 90 in CCRT alone arm). All patients completed RT and ≥2 cycles of concurrent cisplatin in both treatment arms (cumulative dose intensities for cisplatin were 200 mg/m 2 in both arms). 85 (94.4%) patients went on to receive AC, with 71 (78.9%) patients completing 8 cycles; 19 (22.4%) patients had dose reduction of AC. With a median follow-up of 44.8 mo, the 3-y FFS was significantly superior in the CCRT+AC arm than the CCRT arm for the intention-to-treat cohort (87.7% vs 73.3%; HR: 0.52 [95% CI: 0.29-0.77], P = 0.037). 3-year overall, distant metastasis-free and locoregional relapse-free survival were 92.6% vs 88.9% (HR [95% CI]: 0.66 [0.28-1.59]), 88.8% vs. 81.1% (HR: 0.67 [0.33-1.33]) and 91.5% vs 80.0% (HR: 0.50 [0.25-1.00]), respectively. Incidences of G3-4 acute toxicities were 57.8% (52 of 90) in CCRT+AC arm and 51.1% (46 of 90) in CCRT alone arm, with a higher incidence of hand foot syndrome (3.5% vs 0%), xerostomia (11.1% vs 3.3%), mucositis (23.3% vs 16.7%), and anemia (5.6% vs 2.2%) in the CCRT+AC arm. G3-4 late toxicities occurred in 13.3% (12 of 90) and 9.0% (8 of 89), respectively. Conclusions: The addition of capecitabine to CCRT conferred a superior disease control than CCRT alone in high-risk LANPC. Survivals in ITT and PP set. Clinical trial information: NCT02143388. [Table: see text]
Eight novel susceptibility loci and putative causal variants in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Nao Tanaka, Masaru Koido, Akari Suzuki, Nao Otomo, Hiroyuki Suetsugu, Yuta Kochi, Kouhei Tomizuka, Yukihide Momozawa, Yoichiro Kamatani, Shiro Ikegawa, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Chikashi Terao
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
EMBR-29. PEDIATRIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA PATIENT WITH MULTIPLE MIDLINE DEFECTS, A CASE REPORT
Authors: Sydney Peck, Emily Owens, Amy Smith
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) cancer diagnosed in childhood and is divided into four subtypes: WNT-activated, SHH-activated, Group 3 (Non-WNT, Non-SHH), and Group 4 (Non-WNT, Non-SHH). Non-WNT/Non-SHH make up roughly two-thirds of MB and have the least understood pathogenesis with substantial intratumoral heterogeneity. Therapeutic targets and treatment strategies for Group 3 and 4 patients therefore remain unclear. In this report we present a 16-year-old patient with standard risk Group 4 medulloblastoma and multiple midline defects. The patient’s medical history was remarkable for a cleft lip (which healed in utero), a notable heart murmur, an inguinal hernia repair at 3 months of age, and significant pectus excavatum. This patient was diagnosed at age 12 with a MB. Tumor cells were negative for GAB-1, p53 stain was positive for approximately 1–2% of tumor cells, no evidence on monosomy 6, MYC or MYCN amplification. The family history is significant for paternal biliary cancer. The patient was treated as per ACNS0331 and is approximately 36 months off-therapy. This case presents an interesting instance of a CNS tumor arising within the microenvironment of wide-spread dysregulated development. Single cases do not provide any substantiative evidence. However, they do give insight on factors which may drive oncogenesis and may provide an indication as to whether we should continue to pursue targeted therapy for Group 3/4 uniformly or move towards personalized therapy strategies in this group patients.
Associations between age and stage at presentation among black and white colorectal cancer patients.
Authors: Victoria Starks, Edith P. Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

e15542 Background: Blacks have a 25% higher incidence of colorectal cancer compared to their white societal counterparts. Additionally, the overall mortality rate among black colorectal cancer patients is 50% higher than that of whites. It is suggested that the etiology of this disparity may be inadequate screening for colorectal cancer among racial communities. However, little is known about the correlations between age and stage at presentation among black and white colorectal cancer patients at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (TJUH). Objective: The objective of this study is to explore diagnostic trends that may unveil differences in age and stage at presentation between black and white colorectal cancer patients. Methods: De-identified patient data was obtained from The Oncology Data Services Department (Cancer Registry) of TJUH. The population cohort (n= 529) included newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients treated at TJUH from 2015-2019 and included information regarding race, sex, age at presentation, stage at presentation, histological code, tumor markers: KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, MS1, treatment received, surgical findings: tumor size, lymph node involvement, presence of distant metastases at first surgery, response to chemotherapy &amp; disease-free survival. The cohort was divided by age (&lt;50, 50-65, &gt;65). Patient age was compared against AJCC stage at presentation. Results: Findings reveal 12.38% of blacks &amp; 14.29% of whites presented before age 50. 36.19% of blacks and 30.19% of whites presented between ages 50-65. 51.43% of blacks &amp; 55.42% of whites presented after age 65. Additionally, the average age at presentation among blacks was 62.71 years vs. 65.71 years among whites. Lastly, the average stage at presentation among blacks was between 2C and 3A while the average stage at diagnosis among whites was between least 2B and 2C. Conclusions: Within this population, similarities exist among age at presentation between black and white patients, however, differences in stage at presentation exist between blacks and whites. Further research is needed explore how these findings inform the poor clinical outcomes seen among black colorectal cancer patients. Future analysis of this cohort will explore trends regarding time to treatment and treatment received after diagnosis, as similar studies have found differences among racial populations.
Five-year overall survival (OS) in COLUMBUS: A randomized phase 3 trial of encorafenib plus binimetinib versus vemurafenib or encorafenib in patients (pts) with <i>BRAF</i> V600-mutant melanoma.
Authors: Reinhard Dummer, Keith Flaherty, Caroline Robert, Ana Maria Arance, Jan Willem de Groot, Claus Garbe, Helen Gogas, Ralf Gutzmer, Ivana Krajsová, Gabriella Liszkay, Carmen Loquai, Mario Mandalà, Dirk Schadendorf, Naoya Yamazaki, Michael D. Pickard, Fabian Zohren, Michelle L. Edwards, Paolo Antonio Ascierto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

9507 Background: Combined BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy has demonstrated benefits on progression-free survival (PFS) and OS and is standard of care for the treatment of advanced BRAF V600-mutant melanoma. Here we report a 5-year update from the COLUMBUS trial. Methods: In Part 1 of COLUMBUS, 577 pts with advanced/metastatic BRAF V600-mutant melanoma, untreated or progressed after first-line immunotherapy, were randomized 1:1:1 to encorafenib 450 mg QD + binimetinib 45 mg BID (COMBO450), encorafenib 300 mg QD (ENCO300), or vemurafenib 960 mg BID (VEM). An updated analysis including PFS, OS, objective response rate (ORR; by blinded independent central review), and safety was conducted after minimum follow-up of 65.2 months (mo). Data are as is; study is ongoing. Results: At data cut-off (Sep 15, 2020), there were 131 (68%), 117 (60%), and 145 (76%) deaths in the COMBO450, ENCO300, and VEM treatment arms, respectively. The median OS (95% CI) and 5-year OS rate (95% CI) with COMBO450 were 33.6 (24.4–39.2) mo and 34.7% (28.0–41.5), respectively (median follow-up: 70.4 mo). The 5-year OS rate (95% CI) in COMBO450 pts who had normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at baseline was 45.1% (36.5–53.2). Median OS and 5-year OS rates for ENCO300 and VEM, as well as for pts with normal and high LDH levels and &gt; 3 organs involved at baseline, are shown in the table. For COMBO450, ENCO300, and VEM, the 5-year PFS rate was 22.9%, 19.3%, and 10.2%; ORR (95% CI) was 64.1% (56.8–70.8), 51.5% (44.3–58.8), and 40.8% (33.8–48.2); and the median duration of response (DOR) was 18.6, 15.5, and 12.3 mo, respectively. Safety results were consistent with the known tolerability profile of COMBO450. Additional efficacy and updated safety analyses will be presented. Following study drug discontinuation, the most common subsequent treatment in all arms was checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusions: Updated OS and DOR results with COMBO450 demonstrate continued long-term benefits in pts with BRAF V600-mutant melanoma. Clinical trial information: NCT01909453. [Table: see text]
High special surface area and “warm light” responsive ZnO: Synthesis mechanism, application and optimization
Authors: Xinxin Miao, Fen Yu, Kuan Liu, Zhongsheng Lv, Jianjian Deng, Tianlong Wu, Xinyan Cheng, Wei Zhang, Xigao Cheng, Xiaolei Wang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

In this study, a new series of zinc oxide (ZnO) with high specific surface area and narrow energy band gap are prepared using a facile microwave-induced method. The corresponding formation mechanism is also discussed for the first time. Due to the introduction of C, these ZnO can be excited by long wave temperature light without harmful short wave radiation, and play an efficient photocatalytic activity. This valuable property fundamentally improves the biological safety of its photocatalytic application. Herein, taking teeth whitening as an example, the photocatalytic performance of ZnO is evaluated. The "pure" yellow light-emitting diode (PYLED) with high biological safety is used as the excitation source. It is found that this method could effectively remove pigment on the tooth surface through physical adsorption. In addition, these ZnO could generate active oxygen to degrade the pigment on the tooth surface under the irradiation of yellow light. Some further optimization of these "warm light" responsive ZnO is also discussed in this systematical study, which could open up new opportunities in biomedical field.
Abstract 1758: 3 Acute Coronary Syndromes, 5 Stents and 8 Antithrombotics in 12 Days in a 59-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Michelle O’Donoghue, Andrew O Maree, Joseph M Garasic, Marc S Sabatine
Journal: Circulation (2007)

A 59-year-old female with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented with a two day history of escalating chest pain. Her ECG revealed evolving T wave changes in leads V1–V3; troponin levels were undetectable. She was treated with aspirin 325mg and unfractionated heparin for unstable angina. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated high-grade stenoses in the proximal and mid left anterior descending artery. Two bare metal stents were deployed and she was given a 600mg loading dose of clopidogrel. She was discharged to home on hospital day 3 on a regimen that included aspirin 325mg and clopidogrel 75mg daily. Two days after discharge, the patient returned to the ED with substernal chest pain and anterior ST-segment elevations on ECG. Emergent coronary angiography demonstrated occlusive thrombus within the proximal stent. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) confirmed adequate stent deployment without edge dissection. Following thrombectomy, two additional bare metal stents were inserted and all stents post-dilated at high-pressure. She reported full medication compliance. She was empirically reloaded with 300mg of clopidogrel and her dose increased to 150mg daily. A hypercoagulability workup was negative. Two days after her second hospital discharge, the patient returned with chest pain and anterior ST-segment elevations on ECG. Emergent angiography confirmed recurrent stent thrombosis. Repeat IVUS showed that the stents were fully expanded and well apposed without evidence of mechanical complication. Following thrombectomy, an additional bare metal stent was inserted. She was empirically started on heparin and continued on clopidogrel 150mg daily. Following discontinuation of peri-procedural eptifibatide, platelet response to aspirin and clopidogrel were assessed with the VerifyNow™ (Accumetrics, San Diego, CA) assay. She demonstrated an appropriate response to aspirin but was found to have 0–3% platelet inhibition to clopidogrel on successive testing. Her clopidogrel was replaced with ticlopidine and coumadin. Repeat platelet testing demonstrated modest platelet inhibition (17%) with ticlopidine. Cilostazol was added as a third antiplatelet agent and her coumadin was discontinued. She has had no subsequent cardiac events.
New Directions in Therapeutic Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Brian H. Annex, John P. Cooke
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the United States exceeds 10 million people, and PAD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. PAD is typically caused by atherosclerotic obstructions in the large arteries to the leg(s). The most common clinical consequences of PAD include pain on walking (claudication), impaired functional capacity, pain at rest, and loss of tissue integrity in the distal limbs that may lead to lower extremity amputation. Patients with PAD also have higher than expected rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Despite advances in surgical and endovascular procedures, revascularization procedures may be suboptimal in relieving symptoms, and some patients with PAD cannot be treated because of comorbid conditions. In some cases, relieving obstructive disease in the large conduit arteries does not assure complete limb salvage because of severe microvascular disease. Despite several decades of investigational efforts, medical therapies to improve perfusion to the distal limb are of limited benefit. Whereas recent studies of anticoagulant (eg, rivaroxaban) and intensive lipid lowering (such as PCSK9 [proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9] inhibitors) have reduced major cardiovascular and limb events in PAD populations, chronic ischemia of the limb remains largely resistant to medical therapy. Experimental approaches to improve limb outcomes have included the administration of angiogenic cytokines (either as recombinant protein or as gene therapy) as well as cell therapy. Although early angiogenesis and cell therapy studies were promising, these studies lacked sufficient control groups and larger randomized clinical trials have yet to achieve significant benefit. This review will focus on what has been learned to advance medical revascularization for PAD and how that information might lead to novel approaches for therapeutic angiogenesis and arteriogenesis for PAD.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment initiation for patients with advanced cancer.
Authors: Samuel U Takvorian, Ravi Bharat Parikh, Daniel Vader, E. Paul Wileyto, Amy Sanders Clark, Daniel J. Lee, Gaurav Goyal, Gabrielle Betty Rocque, Efrat Dotan, Daniel M. Geynisman, Pooja Phull, Philippe E. Spiess, Roger Kim, Amy J. Davidoff, Cary Philip Gross, Rebecca A. Miksad, Gregory Sampang Calip, Lawrence N. Shulman, Ronac Mamtani, Rebecca A. Hubbard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

1528 Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted US healthcare delivery and led to delays in life-prolonging therapy for some conditions. Its impact on diagnosis and timely care delivery for patients (pts) with cancer is unknown. We assessed the pandemic’s impact on time from advanced diagnosis to systemic treatment initiation (TTI) for pts with newly diagnosed advanced solid cancers. Methods: We performed a controlled interrupted time series analysis using the nationwide Flatiron Health electronic health record-derived de-identified database, which originated from ̃280 US cancer clinics. The study sample included pts ≥ 18 years diagnosed with advanced solid cancers from Jan 1-Jul 31 in 2019 or in 2020, excluding a 30-day period (Mar 8-Apr 7) encompassing the start of most state stay-at-home orders. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate standardized predicted probabilities of TTI within 30 days of advanced diagnosis before (Jan-Mar) and during (Apr-Jul) the pandemic in 2020, compared to historical controls in 2019, adjusted for age, sex, race, insurance, performance status, and cancer type. Interactions by cancer type and race examined heterogeneity of effects. Results: The study included 12,977 pts (median age 69 yrs [IQR 61-77]; 47.4% female; 59.4% non-Hispanic white). At the time of analysis, fewer advanced cancer diagnoses were recorded in 2020 (Jan-Mar 2,409; Apr-Jul 3,027) than in 2019 (Jan-Mar 2,910; Apr-Jul 4,631). Compared to Apr-Jul 2019, pts diagnosed with advanced cancer during the COVID-19 period were more likely to have de novo (vs recurrent) disease (67.3% vs 56.8%). In adjusted models, the COVID-19 period was associated with an increased probability of treatment within 30 days (adjusted difference-in-differences +5.2 percentage points [ppts]). TTI improvements were not observed for pts with advanced breast cancer or Black pts, but effect differences across subgroups were not statistically significant (Table). Conclusions: Among pts diagnosed with advanced cancer, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with shorter time to systemic therapy initiation. These treatment patterns may reflect the fewer advanced cancer diagnoses and higher proportion of de novo cancers observed during this period. Longer follow-up and data maturity are needed to understand the impact of the pandemic on clinical outcomes.[Table: see text]