tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interaction between plasma potassium and epinephrine in coronary thrombosis in dogs.
Authors: HLin, D BYoung
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDBoth plasma potassium ([K]) and epinephrine concentrations have been known to increase during exercise and decrease rapidly shortly after exercise; in addition, it is also known that exercise can promote coronary thrombosis in human and animal subjects. Many studies have shown that epinephrine has a stimulatory effect on coronary thrombosis; however, little information is available concerning the effect of raising plasma [K] on coronary thrombosis. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of raising plasma [K] and its interaction with epinephrine infusion on coronary thrombosis.METHODS AND RESULTSA canine model of coronary thrombosis was used, and the frequency of cyclic blood flow reductions (CFRs) resulting from thrombus formation in the circumflex artery was analyzed in the study. By acutely raising plasma [K] to approximately 6.0 mEq/L, the frequency of CFRs was reduced from 8.0 +/- 0.6 to 3.7 +/- 1.0 in 40 minutes (P < .01). Epinephrine infusion (0.5 microgram.kg-1 x min-1) ...
Accuracy of serial myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with thallium-201 for prediction of graft patency early and late after coronary artery bypass surgery. A controlled prospective study.
Authors: MPfisterer, HEmmenegger, H ESchmitt, JMüller-Brand, JHasse, EGrädel, M BLaver, DBurckhardt, FBurkart
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To assess the accuracy of serial myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with thallium-201 (201Tl) to predict graft patency early and late coronary artery bypass surgery, rest and exercise 201Tl and coronary arteriography were performed preoperatively and 2 weeks and 1 year after operation. The scintigraphic results were compared with graft patency, symptoms, left ventricular function and physical work capacity in a consecutive series of 55 patients with a total of 154 grafts. Serial 201Tl had an 80% sensitivity, 88% specificity and 86% overall accuracy in detecting or excluding graft occlusion, which was predicted by reversible ischemia as well as persistent new scar segments. Occluded grafts were correctly localized by 201Tl scintigraphy in 61%. Postoperative apical 201Tl defects were frequent (two-thirds of cases), and were the result of intraoperative transapical venting of the left ventricle. After coronary bypass graft surgery, ejection fraction at rest was unchanged. Left ventricular end-diastolic pres...
Contrast-enhanced color doppler echocardiography improves measurement of left ventricular volumes in dilated hearts: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: A. Hia, H. Spindola-Franco, M. Chandra, J.A. Meisner, J.A. Strom, T.H. Lejemtel, J. Shirani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Clinical outcomes after the arterial switch operation for transposition. Patient, support, procedural, and institutional risk factors. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society.
Authors: J WKirklin, E HBlackstone, C ITchervenkov, A RCastaneda
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDAs the probability increases that the arterial switch operation is optimal treatment for transposition, detailed information about outcomes and the circumstances in which they are suboptimal becomes important.METHODS AND RESULTSA multi-institutional prospective study with annual detailed follow-up included 513 neonates with simple transposition or transposition and ventricular septal defect entering for diagnosis and treatment at   or = 3 months after the operation, four had severe ventricular dysfunction, probably related to imperfect coronary arterial transfer. Coexisting single ventricular septal defect was not a risk factor for death. Origin of the left main coronary artery or only the left anterior descending...
Use of alternating current during diagnostic electrophysiologic studies.
Authors: M MMower, P RReid, LWatkins, MMirowski
Journal: Circulation (1983)

When conventional programmed electrical stimulation did not yield ventricular arrhythmias suitable for testing implanted automatic defibrillator function and for mapping the location of arrhythmogenic foci, full-wave rectified alternating current (120 Hz) was used for inducing arrhythmias. Application of alternating current resulted in ventricular tachycardias 31 times; in 27 instances, these tachycardias were similar in rate (216 +/- 37 beats/min) and morphology to those previously induced in the same patient by programmed electrical stimulation (191 +/- 30 beats/min). During endocardial mapping, the origin of the tachycardias induced by both methods was found in the same region. Alternating current produced ventricular fibrillation only four times, twice when it was the patient's spontaneous native arrhythmia and twice after apparently effective endocardial resection. No complications of the technique were observed. The use of alternating current was found to be simple, rapid and safe; it may be especia...
A Refined Technique Of Approach For Bile Duct Biopsy In Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: KW Lee, JM Lee, HS Choi, ES Kim, B Keum, YT Jeen, HJ Chun, HS Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Tissue sampling at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be challenging due to low diagnostic yield and high technical demands. Although biopsy is one of the most common technique, ERCP doctors has frequently difficulty to approach a biopsy forceps for biliary lesions. The aim of this study was to describe an easy technique for biliary biopsy, assisted by looped guidewire in beginner ERCP doctors.
In the Spotlight: Biomedical Imaging
Authors: A.F. Laine
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2008)

This article reviews some of the more recent advances and trends in the area of biomedical imaging. Real-time multimodality imaging and image-guided interventions are presented as well as other fast growing areas of interdisciplinary research and development. Segmentation, registration and spatial-temporal integration in medical image processing are also discussed.
Effect of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (Peg) Tube Feeding on Nutritional Status in Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy for Oesophageal Cancer
Authors: J Lemos Garcia, R Vale Rodrigues, S Mão-de-Ferro, S Ferreira, M Serrano, S Faias, J Castela, R Sacarrão, F Francisco, J Trindade, L Sousa, A Dias Pereira
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Oesophageal cancer in advanced stages causes dysphagia and weight loss. Malnutrition further worsens with multimodal treatment. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement in the nutritional status of patients with oesophageal cancer requiring chemoradiotherapy (CRT).
Effects of heptanol, class Ic, and class III drugs on reentrant ventricular tachycardia. Importance of the excitable gap for the inducibility of double-wave reentry.
Authors: LBoersma, JBrugada, HAbdollah, CKirchhof, MAllessie
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDDouble-wave reentry (DWR) can be a mechanism for acceleration of ventricular tachycardia (VT) with a large excitable gap (EG). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of heptanol, class Ic, and class III drugs on the inducibility of DWR.METHODS AND RESULTSIn 11 Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, a thin ring of anisotropic left ventricular epicardium was created by a cryoprocedure. VT with a revolution time of 180 +/- 26 milliseconds and an EG of 106 +/- 8 milliseconds was induced by incremental pacing. During control, entrainment with 10 stimuli at a 99 +/- 15-millisecond interval terminated VT in seven hearts. In four hearts VT was accelerated from 205 +/- 24 to 115 +/- 14 milliseconds by introduction of a second circulating wave in the ring. In the seven VTs that could not be accelerated, 0.5 mumol/L Org7797 (class Ic) and 1.0 mmol/L heptanol (uncoupling agent) prolonged the cycle length of VT by 32% and 37%, respectively. Because the refractory period (RP) only increased by 11...
Alterations in collagen cross-linking impair myocardial contractility in the mouse heart.
Authors: J MCapasso, T FRobinson, PAnversa
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

A number of genetic disorders in humans are associated with defects in the synthesis and metabolism of collagen, which are accompanied by multiple cardiovascular disease processes. To determine whether genetically determined cross-linking abnormalities of collagen may alter cardiac function, left ventricular papillary muscles of mice with a genetic defect in the cross-linking of collagen (Movbr) were studied in vitro. With respect to controls, increases in time to peak tension, from 102 +/- 1.4 to 125 +/- 5.4 msec (p less than 0.001), and time to one-half relaxation, from 76 +/- 3.0 to 98 +/- 6.1 msec (p less than 0.05), were measured. Moreover, resting tension at the length associated with maximum developed isometric force (L) was elevated, from 11.1 +/- 1.7 to 19.3 +/- 1.1 mN/mm2 (p less than 0.001), and a similar difference was also seen throughout the physiological range of muscle lengths. In contrast, developed tension was depressed at 93-97% of L. Peak rate of tension rise and decay were diminished ...
Asynchronous left ventricular regional function and impaired global diastolic filling in patients with coronary artery disease: reversal after coronary angioplasty.
Authors: R OBonow, D FVitale, S LBacharach, T MFrederick, K MKent, M VGreen
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Left ventricular diastolic filling is impaired in many patients with coronary artery disease and normal left ventricular systolic function, and is improved in many patients after coronary angioplasty (PTCA). To investigate the mechanisms for this improvement, we studied regional asynchrony by radionuclide angiography in 26 patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease before and after successful PTCA. Before PTCA, all patients had normal ejection fractions at rest and normal qualitative left ventricular regional wall motion, as determined by radionuclide and contrast angiography. Quantitative left ventricular regional function was assessed by dividing the left ventricular region of interest into 20 sectors. Phase analysis was performed on each sector's time-activity curve, and the average intersector phase difference was used as an index of left ventricular regional synchrony. Before PTCA, average intersector phase difference was increased compared with normal (6.0 +/- 2.2 vs 4.0 +/- 1.7 degrees, p ...
Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves regulate basal coronary flow via release of capsaicin-sensitive neuropeptides in the rat heart.
Authors: HYaoita, ESato, MKawaguchi, TSaito, KMaehara, YMaruyama
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve fibers supposedly modulate basal coronary flow by releasing capsaicin-sensitive neuropeptides, but the physiological effects of this intrinsic action have not been clarified. We investigated the intrinsic function of nonadrenergic noncholinergic innervation in modulating basal coronary flow in rats. We administered capsaicin to 44 rats to deplete neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P and administered inert vehicle to 60 control rats. Four days later, we measured the coronary pressure-flow relation in the basal state and during maximal coronary vasodilation induced by intracoronary adenosine administration using Langendorff's method. Changes in basal coronary flow prompted by intracoronary infusion of CGRP or substance P and their antagonists were measured in 54 and 30 rats, respectively. Capsaicin-treated rats showed a 31.5 +/- 0.9% (mean +/- SEM) reduction (P < .01) of basal coronary flow in the range of perfusion pressures between...
Single-cell atlas of hepatic T cells reveals expansion of liver-resident naive-like CD4+ T cells in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Tobias Poch, Jenny Krause, Christian Casar, Timur Liwinski, Laura Glau, Max Kaufmann, Annika E. Ahrenstorf, Leonard U. Hess, Annerose E. Ziegler, Glòria Martrus, Sebastian Lunemann, Marcial Sebode, Jun Li, Dorothee Schwinge, Christian F. Krebs, Andre Franke, Manuel A. Friese, Karl J. Oldhafer, Lutz Fischer, Marcus Altfeld, Ansgar W. Lohse, Samuel Huber, Eva Tolosa, Nicola Gagliani, Christoph Schramm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2021)

Little is known about the composition of intrahepatic immune cells and their contribution to the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Herein, we aimed to create an atlas of intrahepatic T cells and thereby perform an in-depth characterization of T cells in inflamed human liver.Different single-cell RNA sequencing methods were combined with in silico analyses on intrahepatic and peripheral T cells from patients with PSC (n = 11) and healthy donors (HDs, n = 4). Multi-parameter flow cytometry and functional in vitro experiments were conducted on samples from patients with PSC (n = 24), controls with other liver diseases and HDs.We identified a population of intrahepatic naive-like CD4+ T cells, which was present in all liver diseases tested, but particularly expanded in PSC. This population had a transcriptome and T cell receptor repertoire similar to circulating naive T cells but expressed a set of genes associated with tissue residency. Their periductal location supported the concept of tissue-resident naive-like T cells in livers of patients with PSC. Trajectory inference suggested that these cells had the developmental propensity to acquire a T helper 17 (TH17) polarization state. Functional and chromatin accessibility experiments revealed that circulating naive T cells in patients with PSC were predisposed to polarize towards TH17 cells.We report the first atlas of intrahepatic T cells in PSC, which led to the identification of a previously unrecognized population of tissue-resident naive-like T cells in the inflamed human liver and to the finding that naive CD4+ T cells in PSC harbour the propensity to develop into TH17 cells.The composition of intrahepatic immune cells in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and their contribution to disease pathogenesis is widely unknown. We analysed intrahepatic T cells and identified a previously uncharacterized population of liver-resident CD4+ T cells which are expanded in the livers of patients with PSC compared to healthy liver tissue and other liver diseases. These cells are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of PSC and could be targeted in novel therapeutic approaches.
RE: Effects of Helicobacter pylori Treatment on Gastric Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Subgroups
Authors: D. Y. Graham, M. Asaka
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

We read with interest the recent follow-up of the Shangdong Intervention Trial (1). In that study, volunteers received what is now recognized as a regimen with low eradication success and have been followed for more than 15 years without additional treatment. A reduction in cancer risk was confirmed over time. During the interval, the study has been in progress and it has become clear that Helicobacter pylori infection is responsible for the vast majority of gastric cancer and that cancer can be prevented if H. pylori eradication is accomplished before atrophic damage occurs (2). H. pylori eradication at later times also has a benefit in that it stops the progression of damage and the age-related increase in cancer incidence. Even in those at the highest risk (ie, those who have experienced an early gastric cancer), H. pylori eradication reduces the risk of metachronous cancer (3,4). A number of studies have shown that H. pylori–host cell interactions can in themselves cause genetic instability, including double-stranded DNA breakage, providing an additional rational for H. pylori eradication (2,5). In 2013, the Japanese government instituted a program of H. pylori eradication and surveillance to eliminate gastric cancer from that country (6). Nowhere can we find a statement that all the participants in the study have been or are being offered effective anti–H. pylori therapy and confirmation of cure. Effective regimens have been identified in China, and this is now easily accomplished (7). US government–sponsored research carries the legacy of the Tuskegee and the Guatemala syphilis experiments. Continued failure to end this experiment by providing H. pylori eradication, in our opinion, can not be justified and is long overdue.
Five- to fifteen-year follow-up after Fontan operation.
Authors: D JDriscoll, K POfford, R HFeldt, H VSchaff, F JPuga, G KDanielson
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to estimate survival and quality of outcome and assess factors associated with outcome for patients out 5 to 15 years from their Fontan operation.METHODS AND RESULTSWe studied 352 patients who had the Fontan operation prior to 1985. The overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival was 77%, 70%, and 60%, respectively. The following factors were significantly associated with lower survival: univentricular heart or complex congenital anomalies other than tricuspid atresia, early calendar year of operation, heterotaxia syndromes, early age at operation, increased pulmonary artery pressure, atrioventricular valve dysfunction, and higher (worse) New York Heart Association class. Reoperations were necessary for 103 of the 352 patients. At least 20% of the survivors have or have had cardiac arrhythmias requiring antiarrhythmic medication or mechanical pacemaker insertion. Between 7% and 10% of the patients have had or had protein-losing enteropathy/hypoproteinemia. At 5 years posto...
Prognosis in coronary artery disease. Angiographic, hemodynamic, and clinical factors.
Authors: G WBurggraf, J OParker
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Evaluation of the results of surgery for coronary artery disease requires a knowledge of the clinical course of patients not having this mode of treatment. To obtain such information we performed a retrospective analysis of the fate of 266 patients with arteriographically documented significant stenosis following from one to ten years. For the entire group the five year survival was 73%. Subdivided into single, double or triple vessel disease categories the percent five year survival rates were respectively 92, 65 and 55. A history of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction prior to angiography did not affect survival. However, hypertension, congestive heart failure, abnormal hemodynamics or left ventricular asynergy were all associated with a diminished five year survival, the values being respectively 61%, 38%, 62% and 58%. These results should be of VALUE IN ASSESSING THE PROGNOSIS OF NONSURGICALLY TREATED PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE.
Left ventricular end-systolic elastance is incorrectly estimated by the use of stepwise afterload variations in conscious, unsedated, autonomically intact dogs.
Authors: A JCrottogini, PWillshaw, J GBarra, R HPichel
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDEnd-systolic elastance (Ees), the slope parameter of the end-systolic pressure (ESP)-volume (ESV) relation (ESPVR), is usually estimated in patients by producing stepwise, steady-state pharmacological afterload variations and collecting one ESP-ESV point from each step. The ESPVR is then constructed by fitting a linear equation to these points. In sedated, autonomically blocked dogs, it has been shown that when one point from control, one point from a state of increased afterload, and one point from a state of decreased afterload are used, the resulting Ees incorrectly estimates true Ees, defined as the slope of the ESPVR obtained by transient vena caval occlusion. We investigated if this was also the case in unsedated, autonomically intact dogs when the points used belonged to steady states of progressively decreasing or progressively increasing afterload pressure.METHODS AND RESULTSIn 10 conscious dogs instrumented with left ventricular (LV) endocardial sonomicrometers to measure LV volume, a ...
Fats and atheroma.
Authors: F E Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

of the aorta was found but no atheroma of the coronary arteries.Another of the eight patients, a woman aged 44, had a serum cholesterol concentration of 7 mmol/l (273 mg/ 100 ml) before thyroidectomy and a concentra- tion of 6 mmol/l (230 mg/100 ml) before she died four years later.These eight patients are as relevant to the debate on fat and atheroma as the flowers that bloom in the spring.It is time that this out- worn reference was given a well-deserved rest.
Disparity between ejection and end-systolic indexes of left ventricular contractility in mitral regurgitation.
Authors: BBerko, W HGaasch, NTanigawa, DSmith, ECraige
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To examine left ventricular function in mitral regurgitation (MR), we compared the ejection phase indexes of left ventricular contractility with maximal systolic elastance (Emax) in an experimental preparation of MR. In eight anesthetized open-chest dogs, pressure-volume loops were derived during afterload manipulation with methoxamine and nitroprusside from simultaneous left ventricular pressure and dimensional (sonomicrometry techniques) data before and after creation of MR. From these data maximal systolic elastance (Emax), the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR), and the end-systolic stress-volume relationship (ESSVR) were determined by linear regression analysis. After creation of MR, end-diastolic volume increased significantly (40 +/- 13 to 53 +/- 18 ml, p less than .001); likewise end-systolic volume increased (28 +/- 11 to 33 +/- 15 ml, p less than .05). Ejection fraction increased after MR (35 +/- 6% to 44 +/- 8%, p less than .005), as did the mean velocity of fiber shortening (0.6...
Reversibly injured, postischemic canine myocardium retains normal contractile reserve.
Authors: B RIto, HTate, MKobayashi, WSchaper
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Transient coronary occlusion (15 minutes) does not result in irreversible myocardial injury but is associated with a depression of contractile function sustained for several hours to days (stunned myocardium). The defect in the contractile process responsible for this phenomenon has been suggested to be causally related to a reduced energetic state, altered excitation or excitation-contraction coupling, or damaged contractile filaments. The purpose of this study was to attempt to exclude one or more of these hypotheses by evaluating the contractile reserve of reperfused myocardium. Regional subendocardial segment function was measured (sonomicrometry) in a control region and in an area (treatment region) perfused by a carotid artery to anterior descending coronary artery bypass in 13 chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Dose-response curves were constructed from changes in segment shortening (%SS) in response to intracoronary calcium infusion before ischemia and following 5 or 15 minutes of occlusion and reper...
Role of renal nerves, angiotensin II, and prostaglandins in the antinatriuretic response to acute hypercapnic acidosis in the dog.
Authors: R JAnderson, W LHenrich, P AGross, M ADillingham
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Although clinical studies suggest that chronic hypercapnic acidosis may be associated with renal sodium retention, little information is available on the effect of acute hypercapnic acidosis on renal sodium excretion. We, therefore, increased PCO2 from 23 to 74 mm Hg in anesthetized dogs and observed a marked antinatriuresis as absolute sodium excretion (235 to 60 muEq/min, P less than 0.001) and fractional excretion of sodium (4.0 to 1.2 %, P less than 0.02) decreased significantly. This decrease in sodium excretion occurred independent of consistent changes in renal perfusion pressure, PO2, glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, extraction of P-aminohippuric acid, and filtration fraction. The antinatriuretic response to acute hypercapnic acidosis could be attenuated significantly by surgical renal denervation, intrarenal phenoxybenzamine, and by intrarenal infusion of 1-sarcosine,8-glycine angiotensin II. Administration of 10 mg/kg indomethacin enhanced the antinatriuretic response to hypercapnic...