tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 14375: Does Race Provide Protection From New Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Typical Flutter Ablation in Male Veteran Patients?
Authors: Aung N Lin, Gary Peng, Edmond Obeng-Gyimah, Naga K Pothineni, Soe P Winn, Ya-wen Yang, Samantha N Hall, Aasima Ali, Rajat Deo, Michael P RILEY, Andrew E Epstein, Jeffery Arkles, Sanjay Dixit
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Patients undergoing typical atrial flutter (AFL) ablation remain at risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unknown whether common risk factors associated with AF occurrence, particularly race, bear out in this population. Hypothesis: We sought to compare the occurrence of new AF in male veteran African-American (AA) and Caucasian (Cau) patients with AFL following successful cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation. Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing AFL ablation between 2002 and 2019 was performed. Patients with prior history of AF were excluded. Records were reviewed and demographics, comorbidities and post-ablation outcomes including new AF and stroke were recorded. The overall incidence of AF and cases per 1000 person-years (CPTPY) were determined. Results: The study cohort comprised 217 patients (age: 66±9.3 years, AA: 97 [45%], Cau:108 [50%]; see Table) with a mean follow-up of 55±42 months after AFL ablation. New AF was detected in 30 (31%) AA and 45 (42%) Cau patients (p=0.21 by Log Rank test). Overall incidence of AF was 78 CPTPY (67 and 91 CPTPY cases in AA and Cau patients, respectively). Time to occurrence of AF was earlier in Cau than AA patients (p=&lt;0.001). New stroke events occurred in 9 (4.4%) patients (4 AA, 5 Cau; p=0.86). Conclusions: Male AA and Cau patients have similar significant risks for developing AF and experiencing stroke after AFL ablation.
Associations between lifestyle and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis stratified by C9orf72 genotype: a longitudinal, population-based, case-control study
Authors: Henk-Jan Westeneng, Kevin van Veenhuijzen, Rick A van der Spek, Susan Peters, Anne E Visser, Wouter van Rheenen, Jan H Veldink, Leonard H van den Berg
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2021)
Integrins as attractive targets for cancer therapeutics
Authors: Meng Li, Ying Wang, Mengwei Li, Xuezhen Wu, Sarra Setrerrahmane, Hanmei Xu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Integrins are transmembrane receptors that have been implicated in the biology of various human physiological and pathological processes. These molecules facilitate cell–extracellular matrix and cell–cell interactions, and they have been implicated in fibrosis, inflammation, thrombosis, and tumor metastasis. The role of integrins in tumor progression makes them promising targets for cancer treatment, and certain integrin antagonists, such as antibodies and synthetic peptides, have been effectively utilized in the clinic for cancer therapy. Here, we discuss the evidence and knowledge on the contribution of integrins to cancer biology. Furthermore, we summarize the clinical attempts targeting this family in anti-cancer therapy development.
Marginal zone B cells mediate a CD4 T-cell–dependent extrafollicular antibody response following RBC transfusion in mice
Authors: Patricia E. Zerra, Seema R. Patel, Ryan Philip Jajosky, Connie M. Arthur, James W. McCoy, Jerry William Lynn Allen, Satheesh Chonat, Ross M. Fasano, John D. Roback, Cassandra D. Josephson, Jeanne E. Hendrickson, Sean R. Stowell
Journal: Blood (2021)
Attributable mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis and survival analysis using targeted minimum loss-based estimation
Authors: Lisa K Torres, Katherine L Hoffman, Clara Oromendia, Ivan Diaz, John S Harrington, Edward J Schenck, David R Price, Luis Gomez-Escobar, Angelica Higuera, Mayra Pinilla Vera, Rebecca M Baron, Laura E Fredenburgh, Jin-Won Huh, Augustine M K Choi, Ilias I Siempos
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Although acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high mortality, its direct causal link with death is unclear. Clarifying this link is important to justify costly research on prevention of ARDS.To estimate the attributable mortality, if any, of ARDS.First, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting mortality of critically ill patients with and without ARDS matched for underlying risk factor. Next, we conducted a survival analysis of prospectively collected patient-level data from subjects enrolled in three intensive care unit (ICU) cohorts to estimate the attributable mortality of critically ill septic patients with and without ARDS using a novel causal inference method.In the meta-analysis, 44 studies (47 cohorts) involving 56 081 critically ill patients were included. Mortality was higher in patients with versus without ARDS (risk ratio 2.48, 95% CI 1.86 to 3.30; p<0.001) with a numerically stronger association between ARDS and mortality in trauma than sepsis. In the survival analysis of three ICU cohorts enrolling 1203 critically ill patients, 658 septic patients were included. After controlling for confounders, ARDS was found to increase the mortality rate by 15% (95% CI 3% to 26%; p=0.015). Significant increases in mortality were seen for severe (23%, 95% CI 3% to 44%; p=0.028) and moderate (16%, 95% CI 2% to 31%; p=0.031), but not for mild ARDS.ARDS has a direct causal link with mortality. Our findings provide information about the extent to which continued funding of ARDS prevention trials has potential to impart survival benefit.CRD42017078313.
INITIAL TROPONIN LEVEL AS A COVID-19 ILLNESS PROGNOSTICATOR
Authors: Max Ruge, Joanne Michelle D. Gomez, Jeanne Du Fay de Lavallaz, J. Alan Simmons, Annabelle Santos Volgman, Kim Williams, Anupama Rao, Karolina Marinescu, Tisha Suboc
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Early results of radiological follow-up of non-itu inpatients with COVID-19 pneumonia in a large UK district general hospital
Authors: C. M. Cheung, B. Manoharan, M. Shafiq, K. Y. Li, S. Anderson, E. Capuano, A. Farrugia, J. Peacock, K. Wadsworth, B. Yung
Journal: Gut (2021)

Introduction and Objectives Emerging data suggests COVID-19 pneumonia could lead to fibrotic changes post-infection 1 In this study we seek to establish the radiological changes of non-ITU patients 3 months after hospital discharge based on the follow-up models recommended by the British Thoracic Society 2 Methods Patients admitted with swab-positive COVID-19 pneumonia were identified  Those who required intensive care and those deceased were excluded from analysis  Those who survived to hospital discharge were invited for a 3-month follow- up chest radiograph (CXR)  Patients with normal CXRs were informed and discharged  Patients with persistent CXR changes were contacted and a decision made for further interval CXR or CT imaging  Results 200 patients were admitted with swab-positive COVID-19 pneumonia without escalation to intensive care and discharged between mid-March and mid-May 2020  25 were excluded from follow-up due to patient factors (e g  extreme frailty)  The patients' characteristics and outcomes are summarised in table 1  87% of patients had their CXR return to normal after 3 months  The patients whose CXR returned to normal after 3 months are younger than those with persistent changes (p<0 05)  Conclusions Our results demonstrated reassuring findings that the majority of patients receiving ward-based care for COVID- 19 pneumonia who survived to discharge have normal CXR findings by 3 months post-discharge  Younger patients are more likely to have CXR changes resolved completely by 3 months  Most patients with persistent CXR changes at 3 months are improving symptomatically and radiologically so up-front CT was not requested  More follow-up is required to characterise the longer term respiratory sequelae of COVID- 19  Our follow-up is ongoing and more results will be available for presentation at the BTS Meeting if this abstract is accepted  We are also conducting follow up of patients surviving intensive care admissions with results submitted separately
Assessment of Potentially Preventable Hospital Readmissions After Major Surgery and Association With Public vs Private Health Insurance and Comorbidities
Authors: Craig S. Brown, John R. Montgomery, Pooja U. Neiman, Glenn K. Wakam, Thomas C. Tsai, Justin B. Dimick, John W. Scott
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Rehospitalization after major surgery is common and represents a significant cost to the health care system. Little is known regarding the causes of these readmissions and the degree to which they may be preventable. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the degree to which readmissions after major surgery are potentially preventable. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cohort study used a weighted sample of 1 937 354 patients from the 2017 National Readmissions Database to evaluate all adult inpatient hospitalizations for 1 of 7 common major surgical procedures. Statistical analysis was performed from January 14 to November 30, 2020. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The study calculated 90-day readmission rates as well as rates of readmissions that were considered potentially preventable. Potentially preventable readmissions (PPRs) were defined as those with a primary diagnosis code for superficial surgical site infection, acute kidney injury, aspiration pneumonitis, or any of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality–defined ambulatory care sensitive conditions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with PPRs. <h3>Results</h3> A total weighted sample of 1 937 354 patients (1 048 046 women [54.1%]; mean age, 66.1 years [95% CI, 66.0-66.3 years]) underwent surgical procedures; 164 755 (8.5%) experienced a readmission within 90 days. Potentially preventable readmissions accounted for 29 321 (17.8%) of all 90-day readmissions, for an estimated total cost to the US health care system of approximately $296 million. The most common reasons for PPRs were congestive heart failure exacerbation (34.6%), pneumonia (12.0%), and acute kidney injury (22.5%). In a multivariable model of adults aged 18 to 64 years, patients with public health insurance (Medicare or Medicaid) had more than twice the odds of PPR compared with those with private insurance (adjusted odds ratio, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.94-2.25). Among patients aged 65 years or older, patients with private insured had 18% lower odds of PPR compared with patients with Medicare as the primary payer (adjusted odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.90). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study suggests that nearly 1 in 5 readmissions after surgery are potentially preventable and account for nearly $300 million in costs. In addition to better inpatient care, improved access to ambulatory care may represent an opportunity to reduce costly readmissions among surgical patients.
Progress in aorta and peripheral cardiovascular disease research
Authors: Lucia Mazzolai, Adriano Alatri, Alessandra Bura Rivière, Marco De Carlo, Christian Heiss, Christine Espinola-Klein, Oliver Schlager, Henrik Sillesen, Daniel Staub, José F Rodriguez-Palomares, Aline Verstraeten, Victor Aboyans
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

Although coronavirus disease 2019 seems to be the leading topic in research number of outstanding studies have been published in the field of aorta and peripheral vascular diseases likely affecting our clinical practice in the near future. This review article highlights key research on vascular diseases published in 2020. Some studies have shed light in the pathophysiology of aortic aneurysm and dissection suggesting a potential role for kinase inhibitors as new therapeutic options. A first proteogenomic study on fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) revealed a promising novel disease gene and provided proof-of-concept for a protein/lipid-based FMD blood test. The role of NADPH oxidases in vascular physiology, and particularly endothelial cell differentiation, is highlighted with potential for cell therapy development. Imaging of vulnerable plaque has been an intense field of research. Features of plaque vulnerability on magnetic resonance imaging as an under-recognized cause of stroke are discussed. Major clinical trials on lower extremity peripheral artery disease have shown added benefit of dual antithrombotic (aspirin plus rivaroxaban) treatment.
Carcinosarcoma Gallbladder With Osteosarcomatous Differentiation
Authors: Ritesh R. Suthar, Archi Agrawal, Munita Bal, Nilendu Purandare, Sneha Shah, Ameya Puranik, Venkatesh Rangarajan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract We herein present a case of carcinosarcoma gallbladder with osteosarcomatous differentiation in a middle-aged woman. This is seen on 18 F-FDG PET/CT study as an intensely FDG-avid mass in the gallbladder with foci of calcification due to the presence of osteoid. This is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis.
SMAD4 as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hafid Alazzouzi, Pia Alhopuro, Reijo Salovaara, Heli Sammalkorpi, Heikki Järvinen, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Simo Schwartz, Lauri A. Aaltonen, Diego Arango
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

1266  More than 50% of patients with Dukes C colorectal cancer have disease recurrence and die within 5 years after surgical removal of their primary tumor, and it is currently not possible to distinguish patients with good and bad prognosis. SMAD4 is an important tumor suppressor gene that mediates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling and is located in chromosome 18q21, a region with frequent genetic losses in these tumors. Allelic imbalance (AI) in 18q has been linked to poor prognosis in a subset of colorectal cancer patients. Therefore, we generated a tissue microarray containing triplicate tumor samples from 86 Dukes C patients and used immunohistochemistry to assess the relative expression level of SMAD4 and its value as a prognostic marker. In addition, SMAD4 was screened for mutations and two polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to assess the presence of AI in these tumors. Patients with tumors expressing high SMAD4 levels had significantly better overall (p
Tremelimumab plus durvalumab retreatment and 4-year outcomes in patients with mesothelioma: a follow-up of the open label, non-randomised, phase 2 NIBIT-MESO-1 study
Authors: Luana Calabrò, Giulia Rossi, Aldo Morra, Claudio Rosati, Ornella Cutaia, Maria Grazia Daffinà, Maresa Altomonte, Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Milena Casula, Carolina Fazio, Giuseppe Palmieri, Diana Giannarelli, Alessia Covre, Michele Maio
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)
Simulated Identification of Silent COVID-19 Infections Among Children and Estimated Future Infection Rates With Vaccination
Authors: Seyed M. Moghadas, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Affan Shoukat, Kevin Zhang, Alison P. Galvani
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> A significant proportion of COVID-19 transmission occurs silently during the presymptomatic and asymptomatic stages of infection. Children, although important drivers of silent transmission, are not included in the current COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the benefits of identifying silent infections among children as a proxy for their vaccination. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This study used an age-structured disease transmission model, parameterized with census data and estimates from published literature, to simulate the estimated synergistic effect of interventions in reducing attack rates during the course of 1 year among a synthetic population representative of the US demographic composition. The population included 6 age groups of 0 to 4, 5 to 10, 11 to 18, 19 to 49, 50 to 64, and 65 years or older based on US census data. Data were analyzed from December 12, 2020, to February 26, 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> In addition to the isolation of symptomatic cases within 24 hours of symptom onset, vaccination of adults was implemented to reach a 40% to 60% coverage during 1 year with an efficacy of 95% against symptomatic and severe COVID-19. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The combinations of proportion and speed for detecting silent infections among children that would suppress future attack rates to less than 5%. <h3>Results</h3> In the base-case scenarios with an effective reproduction number<i>R</i><sub>e</sub> = 1.2, a targeted approach that identifies 11% of silent infections among children within 2 days and 14% within 3 days after infection would bring attack rates to less than 5% with 40% vaccination coverage of adults. If silent infections among children remained undetected, achieving the same attack rates would require an unrealistically high vaccination coverage (≥81%) of this age group, in addition to 40% vaccination coverage of adults. The estimated effect of identifying silent infections was robust in sensitivity analyses with respect to vaccine efficacy against infection and reduced susceptibility of children to infection. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this simulation modeling study of a synthetic US population, in the absence of vaccine availability for children, a targeted approach to rapidly identify silent COVID-19 infections in this age group was estimated to significantly mitigate disease burden. These findings suggest that without measures to interrupt transmission chains from silent infections, vaccination of adults is unlikely to contain the outbreaks in the near term.
Abstract IA-001: Genomic architecture and targets in hypoxic tumors
Authors: Robert G. Bristow
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Understanding the mechanistic basis for transition to late stage aggressive disease is vital for both assigning patient risk status in the localized setting and also identifying novel treatment strategies to prevent progression. Subregions of intratumoral hypoxia are found in all solid tumors and are associated with many biologic drivers of tumor progression. Crucially, more recent findings show the co-presence of hypoxia and genomic instability can confer a uniquely adverse prognosis. In-depth informatic and functional studies suggests a role for hypoxia in co-operating with oncogenic drivers (e.g. loss of PTEN) and suppressing DNA repair capacity to alter clonal adaption and evolution and driving an aggressive mutator phenotype. More specifically, hypoxic suppression of homologous recombination represents a "contextual lethal" vulnerability in hypoxic prostate tumors which could extend the application of existing DNA repair targeting agents such as poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors. Further investigation is now required to assess this relationship on the background of existing genomic alterations relevant to prostate and other cancers, and also characterize the role of hypoxia in driving early metastatic spread. Supported by core funding from Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute and grants within the Cancer Research UK Manchester RadNet Unit, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre and a Prostate Cancer UK-Movember Centre of Excellence award. Citation Format: Robert G. Bristow. Genomic architecture and targets in hypoxic tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr IA-001.
Prevention of Viridans Group Streptococcal Infective Endocarditis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Walter R. Wilson, Michael Gewitz, Peter B. Lockhart, Ann F. Bolger, Daniel C. DeSimone, Dhruv S. Kazi, David J. Couper, Andrea Beaton, Catherine Kilmartin, Jose M. Miro, Craig Sable, Mary Anne Jackson, Larry M. Baddour
Journal: Circulation (2021)

In 2007, the American Heart Association published updated evidence-based guidelines on the recommended use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent viridans group streptococcal (VGS) infective endocarditis (IE) in cardiac patients undergoing invasive procedures. The 2007 guidelines significantly scaled back the underlying conditions for which antibiotic prophylaxis was recommended, leaving only 4 categories thought to confer the highest risk of adverse outcome. The purpose of this update is to examine interval evidence of the acceptance and impact of the 2007 recommendations on VGS IE and, if needed, to make revisions based on this evidence.A writing group was formed consisting of experts in prevention and treatment of infective endocarditis including members of the American Dental Association, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, in addition to the American Heart Association. MEDLINE database searches were done for English language articles on compliance with the recommendations in the 2007 guidelines and the frequency of and morbidity or mortality from VGS IE after publication of the 2007 guidelines. Overall, there was good general awareness of the 2007 guidelines but variable compliance with recommendations. There was no convincing evidence that VGS IE frequency, morbidity, or mortality has increased since 2007.On the basis of a review of the available evidence, there are no recommended changes to the 2007 VGS IE prevention guidelines. We continue to recommend VGS IE prophylaxis only for categories of patients at highest risk for adverse outcome while emphasizing the critical role of good oral health and regular access to dental care for all. Randomized controlled studies to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis is effective against VGS IE are needed to further refine recommendations.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diagnosis, stage, and initial treatment of breast cancer in the Netherlands: a population-based study
Authors: Anouk H Eijkelboom, Linda de Munck, Marie-Jeanne T F D Vrancken Peeters, Mireille J M Broeders, Luc J A Strobbe, Monique E M M Bos, Marjanka K Schmidt, Cristina Guerrero Paez, Marjolein L Smidt, Maud Bessems, Janneke Verloop, Sabine Linn, Marc B I Lobbes, Aafke H Honkoop, Desirée H J G van den Bongard, Pieter J Westenend, Jelle Wesseling, C Willemien Menke-van der Houven van Oordt, Vivianne C G Tjan-Heijnen, Sabine Siesling
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2021)

Abstract Background The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the Dutch national screening program to a halt and increased the burden on health care services, necessitating the introduction of specific breast cancer treatment recommendations from week 12 of 2020. We aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis, stage and initial treatment of breast cancer. Methods Women included in the Netherlands Cancer Registry and diagnosed during four periods in weeks 2–17 of 2020 were compared with reference data from 2018/2019 (averaged). Weekly incidence was calculated by age group and tumor stage. The number of women receiving initial treatment within 3 months of diagnosis was calculated by period, initial treatment, age, and stage. Initial treatment, stratified by tumor behavior (ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS] or invasive), was analyzed by logistic regression and adjusted for age, socioeconomic status, stage, subtype, and region. Factors influencing time to treatment were analyzed by Cox regression. Results Incidence declined across all age groups and tumor stages (except stage IV) from 2018/2019 to 2020, particularly for DCIS and stage I disease ( p &lt; 0.05). DCIS was less likely to be treated within 3 months (odds ratio [OR] wks2–8 : 2.04, OR wks9–11 : 2.18). Invasive tumors were less likely to be treated initially by mastectomy with immediate reconstruction (OR wks12–13 : 0.52) or by breast conserving surgery (OR wks14–17 : 0.75). Chemotherapy was less likely for tumors diagnosed in the beginning of the study period (OR wks9–11 : 0.59, OR wks12–13 : 0.66), but more likely for those diagnosed at the end (OR wks14–17 : 1.31). Primary hormonal treatment was more common (OR wks2–8 : 1.23, OR wks9–11 : 1.92, OR wks12–13 : 3.01). Only women diagnosed in weeks 2–8 of 2020 experienced treatment delays. Conclusion The incidence of breast cancer fell in early 2020, and treatment approaches adapted rapidly. Clarification is needed on how this has affected stage migration and outcomes.