tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE CONQUEST OF PELLAGRA
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Less than a decade has elapsed since Goldberger and his associates began their studies of pellagra in this country. The developments of these investigations furnish an illustration of how significant knowledge of the etiology of disease may be for its proper management. If pellagra was due to an infection, as seemed to be the case to many students of the subject ten years ago, the public duty in the direction of prevention obviously lay in the introduction and enforcement of such sanitary measures as are accustomed to be efficacious in the face of infectious disease. The foremost need was to discover and eradicate the biologic agent that was involved. Problems of segregation and quarantine would need to be considered; in fact, drastic measures involving isolation of patients were actually adopted in some instances. This sort of procedure was likely to be superfluous if the etiologic factor lay in the diet—in
Radiation exposure elicits a neutrophil-driven response in healthy lung tissue that enhances metastatic colonization
Authors: Emma Nolan, Victoria Louise Bridgeman, Luigi Ombrato, Adam Karoutas, Nicolas Rabas, Celine Angeli Natascha Sewnath, Marcos Vasquez, Felipe Silva Rodrigues, Stuart Horswell, Peter Faull, Rebecca Carter, Ilaria Malanchi
Journal: Nature Cancer (2022)
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of canakinumab in children and young adults with sickle cell anemia
Authors: David C. Rees, Yurdanur Kilinc, Selma Unal, Carlton Dampier, Betty S. Pace, Banu Kaya, Sara Trompeter, Isaac Odame, Johnny Mahlangu, Sule Unal, Julie Brent, Regine Grosse, Beng R. Fuh, Baba P. D. Inusa, Ariel Koren, Goksel Leblebisatan, Carina Levin, Elizabeth McNamara, Karin Meiser, Douglas Hom, Stephen J. Oliver
Journal: Blood (2022)
LONDON
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FOSSIL MEDICAL WORDS
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
One snake or two?
Authors: R. E. Rakel
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The staff of Aesculapius has represented medicine since about 800 BC, and most authorities support its use as the symbol of medicine. The<i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>agrees: "This staff is the only true symbol of medicine." Why, then, is the caduceus, which had never been chosen to represent medicine until after 1800, so frequently being adopted as the symbol of medicine? And is the twin-serpent magic wand of Hermes (later the Roman Mercury), messenger of the gods and protector of merchants and thieves, an appropriate symbol for the medical profession? The word<i>caduceus</i>is derived from a Greek root meaning "herald's wand." The Romans were said to have used the caduceus as a badge of neutrality among heralds seeking peaceful negotiations with the enemy. Hart<sup>1</sup>notes that the beginning of the use of the caduceus as a medical symbol in the United States dates back to 1856, when it was selected
The President's visit
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Estimating the risk of child mortality attributable to sickle cell anaemia in sub-Saharan Africa: a retrospective, multicentre, case-control study
Authors: Brigitte Ranque, Robert Kitenge, Dado Doucoure Ndiaye, Mariama Dioulde Ba, Leo Adjoumani, Hélène Traore, Catherine Coulibaly, Aldiouma Guindo, Kouakou Boidy, Didier Mbuyi, Indou Deme Ly, Lucile Offredo, Dapa Aly Diallo, Aissata Tolo, Eleonore Kafando, Leon Tshilolo, Ibrahima Diagne
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2022)
Low hemoglobin is associated with worse outcomes via larger hematoma volume in intracerebral hemorrhage due to systemic disease
Authors: Shuting Zhang, Yang Shu, Yunlong Chen, Xiaoyang Liu, Yu Liu, Yajun Cheng, Bo Wu, Peng Lei, Ming Liu
Journal: MedComm (2022)

Abstract Whether hemoglobin is associated with outcomes of a specific subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unknown. A total of 4643 patients with ICH from a multicenter cohort were included in the analysis (64.0% male; mean age [SD], 58.3 [15.2] year), of whom 1319 (28.4%) had anemia on admission. The unsupervised consensus cluster method was employed to classify the patients into three clusters. The patients of cluster 3 were characterized by a high frequency of anemia (85.3%) and mainly composed of patients of systemic disease ICH subtype (SD‐ICH; 90.0%) according to the SMASH‐U etiologies. In SD‐ICH, a strong interaction effect was observed between anemia and 3‐month death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60–11.9, p = 0.004), and the hemoglobin levels were linearly associated with 3‐month death (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60–0.92; p = 0.009), which was partially mediated by larger baseline hematoma volume ( p = 0.008). This study demonstrated a strong linear association between low hemoglobin levels and worse outcomes in SD‐ICH, suggesting that hemoglobin‐elevating therapy might be extensively needed in a specific subtype of ICH.
AMERICAN ORTHOPEDIC ASSOCIATION
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Biopsychosocial Puzzle of Painful Sex
Authors: Marta Meana, Yitzchak M. Binik
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2022)

Genital pain associated with sex is a prevalent and distressing problem with a complex research and clinical profile. This article reviews the historical context of the "sexual pain disorders" and the circuitous trajectory that has led from the first mention of painful sex in ancient documents to the latest diagnostic category of genito-pelvic pain penetration disorder in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as well as in other existing and proposed nomenclatures. Prominent etiologic research and emergent theoretical models are critically assessed, as is the latest treatment outcome research of note. Finally, the review points to a number of extant needs in the research and clinical effort, including an integrated biopsychosocial and multidisciplinary approach, randomized clinical trials, targeting of treatment barriers, and expansion of the entire enterprise to include populations that have not been considered.
Comparison of tumor assessments using RECIST 1.1 and irRECIST, and association with overall survival
Authors: Juliane Manitz, Sandra P D'Angelo, Andrea B Apolo, S Peter Eggleton, Marcis Bajars, Oliver Bohnsack, James L Gulley
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Background Patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may experience pseudoprogression, which can be classified as progressive disease (PD) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) V.1.1 and could lead to inappropriate treatment discontinuation. Immune-response criteria were developed to better capture novel response patterns seen with ICIs. Methods We pooled data from 1765 patients with 12 types of advanced solid tumors treated with avelumab (an anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody) monotherapy in the JAVELIN Solid Tumor and JAVELIN Merkel 200 trials, conducted a comparative analysis of tumor assessments by investigators according to RECIST 1.1 and immune-related RECIST (irRECIST), and evaluated the correlation between progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results In total, 147 patients (8.3%) had a best overall response (BOR) of PD by RECIST 1.1 but had immune-related disease control by irRECIST (defined as immune-related BOR (irBOR) of immune-related stable disease or better). This discordance was seen irrespective of PD-L1 status and observed across all tumor types. Overall, PFS and immune-related PFS showed similar imputed rank correlations with OS. Conclusions The use of irRECIST identified a subset of patients with a BOR of PD by RECIST 1.1 but an irBOR of immune-related disease control by irRECIST with a distinctive survival curve, thereby providing more clinically relevant information than RECIST 1.1 alone. However, as a surrogate endpoint for OS in the whole population, immune-related PFS by irRECIST did not show improved predictive value compared with PFS by RECIST 1.1.
THE BRITISH PROPRIETARY MEDICINES BILL
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Perinatal nephropathies.
Authors: J E Gibson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The purpose of this paper is to review the development of the mammalian kidney and to assess the influence that various perinatal manipulations may have on the developmental process either morphologically or functionally. Immature kidneys in general have less functional capacity than adult kidneys and a low rate of glomerular filtration, perhaps related to renal blood flow, which appears to limit the disposition of a fluid or solute load. Tubular reabsorption is also limited leading to the urinary loss of glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate and phosphate. Although the relatively low function of the immature kidney is a normal part of development, its capacity to respond under conditions of stress may be less adequate than in adults. An additional concern is that a variety of perinatal manipulations, such as the incidental or accidental ingestion of a chemical, may lead to varying degrees of altered morphogenesis or functional development of the kidney. Chemical induced renal anomalies may be of several types, but in typical teratology experiments hydronephrosis may be the most frequent observation. The functional consequences of these renal malformations may be lethal or inconsequential or while an animal may be able to survive and develop normally in the presence of a renal malformation, it is possible that a stressful situation would unmask a functional malformation which could compromise survival. Thus, some renal abnormalities may be subtle enough to go unnoticed without experimental tests. Without such tests it is impossible to evaluate the effect of functional alterations on successful adaptation.
Diphtheria.
Authors: J. T. Reeve
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Wisconsin State Board of Health, Office of the Secretary. Appleton, Wis., Oct. 6, 1893. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Replying to your letter of inquiry: the newspaper reports of the prevalence of diphtheria in Grantsburg, Wis., have been greatly exaggerated. Official reports received at this office to October 5, show that there was probably an error of diagnosis of first cases, but since the true nature of the disease has been known it has been brought thoroughly under control. There has been a total of seven deaths to above date. No new cases have been reported during the past week. Very truly yours,
Interventions to Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Thangaraj Abiramalatha, Viraraghavan Vadakkencherry Ramaswamy, Tapas Bandyopadhyay, Sanjana Hansoge Somanath, Nasreen Banu Shaik, Abdul Kareem Pullattayil, Gary M. Weiner
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has multifactorial etiology and long-term adverse consequences. An umbrella review enables the evaluation of multiple proposed interventions for the prevention of BPD. <h3>Objective</h3> To summarize and assess the certainty of evidence of interventions proposed to decrease the risk of BPD from published systematic reviews. <h3>Data Sources</h3> MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception until November 9, 2020. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials comparing interventions in preterm neonates that included BPD as an outcome. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Data extraction was performed in duplicate. Quality of systematic reviews was evaluated using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews version 2, and certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> (1) BPD or mortality at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) and (2) BPD at 36 weeks' PMA. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 154 systematic reviews evaluating 251 comparisons were included, of which 110 (71.4%) were high-quality systematic reviews. High certainty of evidence from high-quality systematic reviews indicated that delivery room continuous positive airway pressure compared with intubation with or without routine surfactant (relative risk [RR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.68-0.94]), early selective surfactant compared with delayed selective surfactant (RR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.75-0.91]), early inhaled corticosteroids (RR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.75-0.99]), early systemic hydrocortisone (RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.82-0.99]), avoiding endotracheal tube placement with delivery room continuous positive airway pressure and use of less invasive surfactant administration (RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.82-0.99]), and volume-targeted compared with pressure-limited ventilation (RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.59-0.89]) were associated with decreased risk of BPD or mortality at 36 weeks' PMA. Moderate to high certainty of evidence showed that inhaled nitric oxide, lower saturation targets (85%-89%), and vitamin A supplementation are associated with decreased risk of BPD at 36 weeks' PMA but not the competing outcome of BPD or mortality, indicating they may be associated with increased mortality. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> A multipronged approach of delivery room continuous positive airway pressure, early selective surfactant administration with less invasive surfactant administration, early hydrocortisone prophylaxis in high-risk neonates, inhaled corticosteroids, and volume-targeted ventilation for preterm neonates requiring invasive ventilation may decrease the combined risk of BPD or mortality at 36 weeks' PMA.
American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor Staging System Predicts the Outcome and Metastasis Pattern in Conjunctival Melanoma
Authors: Shichong Jia, Tianyu Zhu, Hanhan Shi, Chunyan Zong, Yongyang Bao, Xuyang Wen, Shengfang Ge, Jing Ruan, Shiqiong Xu, Renbing Jia, Xianqun Fan
Journal: Ophthalmology (2022)

<h3>Purpose</h3> To assess the predictive value of the tumor staging system in the <i>AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, Eighth Edition</i>, and histologic features for outcomes and metastasis patterns in conjunctival melanoma (CM). <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective, single-center cohort study. <h3>Participants</h3> Eighty-three patients with CM were treated at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between 2000 and 2021. <h3>Methods</h3> We reviewed the clinical and histologic parameters and used Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models for risk factor analyses. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Time to nodal/distant metastasis, disease-specific survival, metastatic pattern, and metastatic site. <h3>Results</h3> At presentation, 5 patients (6%) had clinical tumor (cT)1 disease, 34 patients (41%) had cT2 disease, and 44 patients (53%) had cT3 disease. Four patients (5%) had nodal metastasis (N1), and none had distant metastasis (M1). During follow-up, 12 patients (14%) developed nodal metastasis, 29 patients (35%) developed distant metastasis, and 26 patients (31%) died of disease. The brain, liver, and lung were common distant metastasis sites. Higher cT category was associated with increased risks of distant metastasis (<i>P <</i> 0.001) and disease-specific death (<i>P =</i> 0.002). The separate analysis of primary and recurrent tumors at presentation showed that the patients with cT3 tumors had a higher risk of distant metastasis than those with cT2 tumors. Greater tumor thickness, ulceration, and the presence of regression were correlated with distant metastasis. Previously unreported mutations were detected in the tumor suppressor genes FAT atypical cadherin 4 (<i>FAT4</i><i>)</i> and spleen associated tyrosine kinase (<i>SYK</i><i>)</i>. Among the 29 patients who developed distant metastasis, we analyzed 2 patterns of metastasis: Eleven patients (38%) developed nodal metastasis before distant metastasis, and 18 patients (62%) developed distant metastasis without previously known nodal metastasis. The patients with cT3 tumors were more likely to follow the latter metastasis pattern (<i>P =</i> 0.02). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Conjunctival melanoma presented with mostly advanced stages and high rates of distant metastasis in the current Chinese cohort. This study confirmed the prognostic value of the tumor staging system in the <i>AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, Eighth Edition,</i> for Chinese patients. Histologic features, such as tumor thickness and ulceration, should be emphasized when assessing prognosis and guiding the treatment of CM.