tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Taking the STING out of acute myeloid leukemia through macrophage-mediated phagocytosis
Authors: William Brian Dalton, Gabriel Ghiaur, Linda M.S. Resar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Macrophages within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment take on unexpected roles in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as reported by Moore and colleagues in this issue of the JCI. In contrast to solid tumors, where tumor-associated macrophages frequently assume an immunosuppressive phenotype that promotes tumor progression, this study revealed that BM macrophages repressed leukemia expansion in AML through a pathway called LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP). After phagocytosis of dead and dying leukemic cells, including the mitochondria within the leukemic blasts, mitochondrial DNA activated stimulator of IFN genes (STING), leading to inflammatory signals that enhanced phagocytosis and restrained leukemic cell expansion. These findings unveil the modulation of macrophage-mediated phagocytosis via LAP as a potential therapeutic strategy directed at the BM microenvironment in AML.
Prognosis for Vision in Diabetic Retinopathy
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Swine flu sequelae
Authors: L. D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE SEQUELA of an inflammatory neuritis, the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), following administration of the swine flu vaccine, presents a unique opportunity to view the usually submerged world of Poisson statistics. Out of more than 40 million Americans who received swine flu immunization, only about 500 showed development of the neuritis, approximately five times the normal incidence of this disease. In a less massive immunization program (which, following the swine flu debacle, all future programs will probably be), the chances of detecting such a rare complication would have been remote. In fact, even with the large numbers of people immunized with the vaccine, it was almost miraculous that the association was first entertained and then established, particularly since GBS is not a reportable disease. Although the association of the syndrome with influenza immunization is instructive to physicians, the cost to society for this instruction is sobering. Claims approaching $1 billion have
Film Reviews
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IFNγ Mutations Prompt CTLA-4 Inhibitor Resistance
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

A recent study pinpoints loss of IFNγ signaling as one reason why many patients do not respond to the CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumab. Analyzing whole-exome tumor sequencing data from 16 patients with melanoma, the researchers found multiple copy-number alterations that led to the loss of key IFNγ pathway genes in 12 ipilimumab nonresponders. Mice bearing melanoma tumors that lacked one of these genes, IFNGR1, also had an impaired response to anti-CTLA-4 therapy and significantly reduced overall survival, compared with their counterparts whose tumors had intact IFNGR1.
A pan-cancer landscape of telomeric content shows that RAD21 and HGF alterations are associated with longer telomeres
Authors: Radwa Sharaf, Meagan Montesion, Julia F. Hopkins, Jiarong Song, Garrett M. Frampton, Lee A. Albacker
Journal: Genome Medicine (2022)

Abstract Background Cancer cells can proliferate indefinitely through telomere maintenance mechanisms. These mechanisms include telomerase-dependent elongation, mediated by TERT activation, and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), linked to loss of ATRX or DAXX . Methods We analyzed the telomeric content of 89,959 tumor samples within the Foundation Medicine dataset and investigated the genomic determinants of high telomeric content, linking them to clinical outcomes, when available. Results Telomeric content varied widely by disease type with leiomyosarcoma having the highest and Merkel cell carcinoma having the lowest telomeric content. In agreement with previous studies, telomeric content was significantly higher in samples with alterations in TERC , ATRX, and DAXX . We further identified that amplifications in two genes, RAD21 and HGF , were enriched in samples with high telomeric content, which was confirmed using the PCAWG/ICGC dataset. We identified the minimal amplified region associated with high telomeric content for RAD21 (8q23.1–8q24.12), which excludes MYC , and for HGF (7q21.11). Our results demonstrated that RAD21 and HGF exerted an additive telomere lengthening effect on samples with existing alterations in canonical genes previously associated with telomere elongation. Furthermore, patients with breast cancer who harbor RAD21 alterations had poor median overall survival and trended towards higher levels of Ki-67 staining. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of the role played by RAD21 (8q23.1–8q24.12) and HGF (7q21.11) in the lengthening of telomeres, supporting unlimited replication in tumors. These findings open avenues for work aimed at targeting this crucial pathway in tumorigenesis.
Pathology Annual
Authors: C. H. Barrow
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The<i>Pathology Annual</i>(1975) is an anthology of review articles of interest to the pathologist, all carefully written, with extensive references. Lengthy speculations and presentation of esoteric research material are avoided, allowing the reader an unencumbered view of the current concepts. An outstanding article on malignant lymphomas from Braylan, Jaffe, and Berard clarifies an extremely complex and confusing area in pathology. While carefully (and perhaps wisely) avoiding the new classification schemes, these authors clearly describe lymphoma in terms of traditional concepts. They then delve into some of the more experimental approaches that will likely be used in future (but as yet unformulated) classifications. A very useful review of crescenteric glomerulonephritis is given by Seymour Rosen, with excellent photographs and descriptions. Detailed reviews of cytogenetics (D. H. Carr) and chromosomal banding (S. L. Inhorn and L. F. Meisner) are presented. The authors emphasize syndromes of clinical interest and recent developments in
Statement on Hypoglycemia
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of the Oncology Care Model on Use of Supportive Care Medications During Cancer Treatment
Authors: Gabriel A. Brooks, Mary Beth Landrum, Nirav S. Kapadia, Pang-Hsiang Liu, Robert Wolf, Lauren E. Riedel, Van Doren Hsu, Shalini Jhatakia Parekh, Carol Simon, Andrea Hassol, Nancy L. Keating
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

The Oncology Care Model (OCM) is an episode-based alternative payment model for cancer care that seeks to reduce Medicare spending while maintaining care quality. We evaluated the impact of OCM on appropriate use of supportive care medications during cancer treatment.We evaluated chemotherapy episodes assigned to OCM (n = 201) and comparison practices (n = 534) using Medicare claims (2013-2019). We assessed denosumab use for beneficiaries with bone metastases from breast, lung, or prostate cancer; prophylactic WBC growth factor use for beneficiaries receiving chemotherapy for breast, lung, or colorectal cancer; and prophylactic use of neurokinin-1 (NK1) antagonists and long-acting serotonin antagonists for beneficiaries receiving chemotherapy for any cancer type. Analyses used a difference-in-difference approach.After its launch in 2016, OCM led to a relative reduction in the use of denosumab for beneficiaries with bone metastases receiving bone-modifying medications (eg, 5.0 percentage point relative reduction in breast cancer episodes [90% CI, -7.1 to -2.8]). There was no OCM impact on use of prophylactic WBC growth factors during chemotherapy with high or low risk for febrile neutropenia. Among beneficiaries receiving chemotherapy with intermediate febrile neutropenia risk, OCM led to a 7.6 percentage point reduction in the use of prophylactic WBC growth factors during breast cancer episodes (90% CI, -12.6 to -2.7); there was no OCM impact in lung or colorectal cancer episodes. Among beneficiaries receiving chemotherapy with high or moderate emetic risk, OCM led to reductions in the prophylactic use of NK1 antagonists and long-acting serotonin antagonists (eg, 6.0 percentage point reduction in the use of NK1 antagonists during high emetic risk chemotherapy [90% CI, -9.0 to -3.1]).OCM led to the reduced use of some high-cost supportive care medications, suggesting more value-conscious care.
Health Departments' supplementary evidence on junior hospital doctors
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Health Departments' supplementary evidence on junior hospital doctors Last week (p 1582) we published an abridgment of the Health Departments' evidence to the Review Body.After the conference on junior doctors' hours of work, convened by the Chief Medical Officer on 12 February, further evidence was submitted.This is published here.Participants to the conference included junior and senior hospital doctors from NHS hospitals all over Britain, from the royal colleges and faculties, and from the medical schools; community physicians, nurses, administrators, and a treasurer from the various levels of NHS management; a general practitioner, and officials from the Health
A new scale to measure alopecia areata in treatment trials
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Alopecia areata (AA) is a condition that causes individuals to lose hair on areas that may include the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, face, and body.It affects approximately 2% of the world's population.This USA-based study had three aims: 1) to understand the most important concern of AA to patients; 2) to develop an investigator global assessment (IGA) scale that defines meaningful levels of scalp hair loss severity; 3) to determine treatment success (i.e. the amount of scalp hair required) for patients with at least 50% scalp hair loss.The study researchers interviewed 10 dermatologists and 30 patients with AA.The researchers learned that scalp hair loss was dermatologists' key concern when treating patients; this was also the most bothersome aspect of AA for most patients.Using the interviewees' descriptions of the key levels of AA scalp hair loss, the study researchers developed the Alopecia Areata Investigator's Global Assessment TM (AA-IGA TM ).The AA-IGA TM has five levels of scalp hair loss for use in AA treatment studies.The authors recommend that clinicians first use the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) to assess the extent of scalp hair loss (0-100%) and then apply the AA-IGA TM to interpret the amount of scalp hair loss that reflects dermatologists' and patients' perspectives and treatment goals.Nearly all dermatologists said that treatment that resulted in patients having 75-90% (median 80%) of their scalp hair would be successful.Similarly, patients reported that, short of 100%, they considered 70-90% (median 80%) scalp hair a treatment success.
MB fraction of creatine kinase
Authors: Charles J. Przyjemski
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The possibly unique case of alcohol-related, chronic myopathy presented by Siegel and Dawson (1980;244:580) is a timely reminder that the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) may be detected in the presence of extreme elevations of skeletal muscle CK, especially when the skeletal muscle disorder is of a chronic nature. They mention that serial dilutions of sera with markedly elevated CK with CK-MB fractions result in disappearance of the MB band in those cases with skeletal muscle disease and persistence of the MB band in cases of bone fide myocardial infarction (MI). There is no doubt that the dilution technique permits a more appropriate enzyme-substrate ratio and improves determination of relative amounts of isoenzyme fractions in sera with marked elevations of CK; unfortunately, the procedure may also obscure MB fractions originating in the heart. Their patient exhibited CK elevations to 17,800 IU/L, while their MI control subject's
Dedifferentiation‐associated inflammatory factors of long‐term expanded human hepatocytes exacerbate their elimination by macrophages during liver engraftment
Authors: Chenhua Wang, Ludi Zhang, Zhen Sun, Xiang Yuan, Baihua Wu, Jin Cen, Lei Cui, Kun Zhang, Chun Li, Jingqi Wu, Yajing Shu, Wenbin Sun, Jing Wang, Lijian Hui
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract Background and Aims Hepatocyte transplantation has been demonstrated to be effective to treat liver metabolic disease and acute liver failure. Nevertheless, the shortage of donor hepatocytes restrained its application in clinics. To expand human hepatocytes at a large scale, several dedifferentiation‐based protocols have been established, including proliferating human hepatocytes (ProliHH). However, the decreased transplantation efficiency of these cells after long‐term expansion largely impedes their application. Approach and Results We found that accompanied with dedifferentiation, long‐term cultured ProliHH (lc‐ProliHH) up‐regulated a panel of chemokines and cytokines related to innate immunity, which were referred to as dedifferentiation‐associated inflammatory factors (DAIF). DAIF elicited excessive macrophage responses, accounting for the elimination of lc‐ProliHH specifically during engraftment. Two possible strategies to increase ProliHH transplantation were then characterized. Blockage of innate immune response by dexamethasone reverted the engraftment and repopulation of lc‐ProliHH to a level comparable to primary hepatocytes, resulting in improved liver function and a better survival of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase–deficient mice. Alternatively, rematuration of lc‐ProliHH as organoids reduced the expression of DAIF and led to markedly improved engraftment. Conclusions These results revealed that lc‐ProliHH triggers exacerbated macrophage activation by DAIF and provided potential solutions for clinical transplantation of lc‐ProliHH.
Human Infection With Swine Influenza Virus—Wisconsin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Breech Presentations.
Authors: Edward H. Abbott
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Elgin, Ill., July 30, 1899. <h3>To the Editor</h3> —I have just attended a German woman in her fifth confinement. The presentation was a breech, as was the case in her former confinements. Having never heard of another ease of five successive breech presentations in one woman, I take the liberty of reporting this to you for publication. The children were all boys, and three are living. Two died during delivery.
Correction: Silent myocardial ischaemia
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (1988)

could be replicated in Britain for about £50m.'The current British system compensates about three people out of every 100 000 of the population with an award of £15 000, whereas the Swedish system compensates 10 times as many people with much greater efficiency and an average award of about £3200.Now that lawyers and economists are supporting no fault compensation it is surely time for the government to think again-particularly when it ultimately meets most of the costs.
Genetic counseling—still mostly genetics
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

After he has counseled parents who have been referred to him because their child was born with a birth defect, Henry Nadler, MD, director of medical genetics and professor of pediatrics at Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago, usually asks them leading nonmedical questions, such as "How are the other children taking the news?" or "Have you had any trouble handling your friends' responses?" "Sometimes people break down in response to these questions and confess that they have been hiding the news from their children or their friends," Nadler told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS. "It is clear that they have had difficulty talking to other people about their child's birth defect but they were not sure whether they should bring up their concern in the counseling session. I believe it is perfectly reasonable for a genetic counselor to deal with these emotional problems," he said, "and a good counselor can bring
Antibody responses to 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pediatric patients with kidney diseases
Authors: Alison Lap-Tak Ma, Daniel Leung, Eugene Yu-Hin Chan, Stella Chim, Samuel Cheng, Fanny Tsz-Wai Ho, Wai-Ming Lai, Pak-Chiu Tong, Matthew Hon-Lam Lee, Wilfred Hing-Sang Wong, Sau Man Chan, Jaime Rosa Duque, Joseph Sriyal Malik Peiris, Yu Lung Lau
Journal: Kidney International (2022)
Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Internationally Adopted Children—United States, 1998
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Lead poisoning has been reported recently among Chinese children adopted by U.S. citizens. However, little is known about the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) among adoptees from China and other countries. Persistent sources of lead exposure outside the United States include leaded gasoline exhaust; industrial emissions; cottage industries (e.g., battery breaking and recycling plants); traditional medicines; and some cosmetics, ceramic ware, and foods. In 1998, approximately 15,000 orphans from countries outside the United States who were adopted abroad or were to be adopted in the United States by U.S. citizens were issued U.S. immigrant visas-a nearly two-fold increase over 1988 (L. Lewis, Immigrant and Visa Control and Reporting Division, VISA Office, Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. State Department, personal communication, August 1999). Some orphans have been abandoned for extended periods and have no obtainable medical history. Immigrants aged <15 years are not required to have serologic or blood tests either in their country of origin or on entry into the United States unless exposure to syphilis or human immunodeficiency virus is suspected. To obtain reports on the prevalence of elevated BLLs (> or =10 microg/dL) among international adoptees, CDC contacted 12 international adoption medical specialists identified through the Joint Council on International Children's Services and two collaborating medical specialists. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which suggest that international adoptees may arrive in the United States with elevated BLLs.