tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Molecular Imaging Detects Early Responses to Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Yu Saida, Jeffrey R. Brender, Kazutoshi Yamamoto, James B. Mitchell, Murali C. Krishna, Shun Kishimoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a standard therapy for several cancers, however, the response to ICB is inconsistent and a method for noninvasive assessment has not been established to date. To investigate the capability of multimodal imaging to evaluate treatment response to ICB therapy, hyperpolarized 13C MRI using [1–13C] pyruvate and [1,4–13C2] fumarate and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI was evaluated to detect early changes in tumor glycolysis, necrosis, and intratumor perfusion/permeability, respectively. Mouse tumor models served as platforms for high (MC38 colon adenocarcinoma) and low (B16-F10 melanoma) sensitivity to dual ICB of PD-L1 and CTLA4. Glycolytic flux significantly decreased following treatment only in the less sensitive B16-F10 tumors. Imaging [1,4–13C2] fumarate conversion to [1,4–13C2] malate showed a significant increase in necrotic cell death following treatment in the ICB-sensitive MC38 tumors, with essentially no change in B16-F10 tumors. DCE-MRI showed significantly increased perfusion/permeability in MC38-treated tumors, whereas a similar, but statistically nonsignificant, trend was observed in B16-F10 tumors. When tumor volume was also taken into consideration, each imaging biomarker was linearly correlated with future survival in both models. These results suggest that hyperpolarized 13C MRI and DCE MRI may serve as useful noninvasive imaging markers to detect early response to ICB therapy. Significance: Hyperpolarized 13C MRI and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in murine tumor models provide useful insight into evaluating early response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. See related commentary by Cullen and Keshari, p. 3444
Trauma-induced bullae: the presenting feature of systemic amyloidosis associated with plasma cell dyscrasia
Authors: Shernaz Walton, K.J.S. MacDonald, Janet Marks, John Callaghan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article Trauma‐induced bullae: the presenting feature of systemic amyloidosis associated with plasma cell dyscrasia Get access Shernaz Walton, Shernaz Walton University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.J.S. MacDonald, K.J.S. MacDonald University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Janet Marks, Janet Marks University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John Callaghan John Callaghan Department of Histopathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 108, Issue 5, 1 May 1983, Page 628, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb01069.x Published: 01 May 1983
The Feasibility Study Of Polish Young Endoscopists Group For Upper Gastrointestinal Preparation Scale Validation – The Polprep Scale
Authors: M Romańczyk, B Ostrowski, K Kozłowska-Petriczko, K Pawlak, K Kurek, H Zatorski, M Koziej, T Romańczyk, P Wosiewicz, T Marek, A Wiechowska-Kozłowska, E Małecka-Panas, M Hartleb
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Mucosal cleanliness is crucial for detection of abnormalities of mucosa during endoscopic examinations. Although numerous preparation scales for colonoscopy have been worked-out, no validated scale for upper gastrointestinal tract has been developed so far. The aim of our study was to develop and validate easy to use upper gastrointestinal scale estimating quality of mucosal visibility.
Atrial and brain natriuretic peptides inhibit the endothelin-1 secretory response to angiotensin II in porcine aorta.
Authors: MKohno, KYokokawa, THorio, KYasunari, KMurakawa, TTakeda
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

We have recently shown that the porcine aorta releases immunoreactive endothelin-1 in a time-dependent way. Here, we examined the inhibition by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) of endothelin-1 secretion after stimulation with angiotensin II (Ang II) by using porcine aorta. Ang II dose-dependently stimulated immunoreactive endothelin-1 secretion. Porcine ANP-(1-28) and porcine BNP-26 both inhibited such secretion in a dose-dependent way. The addition of a cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) analogue, 8-bromo-cGMP, reduced the immunoreactive endothelin-1 secretion after stimulation with Ang II. In cultured porcine endothelial cells the inhibition by porcine ANP-(1-28) and porcine BNP-26 of immunoreactive endothelin-1 secretion after stimulation with Ang II was paralleled by an increase in the cellular cGMP level. Rat ANP-(5-25) was weaker than porcine ANP-(1-28) in inhibiting immunoreactive endothelin-1 secretion and increasing cGMP in cultured cells. There was negat...
Management of Low Back Pain
Authors: J. Campbell, L. A. Colvin
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Copyrighted Material, used by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons Limited. For personal use only, must not be reproduced or shared with third parties. Anyone wishing to reproduce this content in whole or in part, in print or in electronic format, should contact digitalrightsuk@wiley.com

Browse the ABC series at www.wiley.com

### Overview

While the majority of adults will have suffered from back pain at some point in their life, it is usually a minor self-limiting condition. Pain in the lower back is extremely common: around 60% of the adult population can expect to have a back problem at some time in their life. Although most back pain is generally benign a significant percentage of the population will develop chronic pain and disability (Box 1). The vast majority of adults with low back pain are labelled as having ‘mechanical low back pain’, which implies that there is a problem with the mechanism of the back for which a generic treatment package is probably appropriate in the first instance. Box 1 
### Low Back Pain and DisabilityRETURN TO TEXT

The mechanical problem may be structural (e.g. disc pathology, facet joint arthropathy), but frequently is a ‘mechanical dysfunction’, where the normal …
Apparent finger systolic pressures during cooling in patients with Raynaud's syndrome.
Authors: S ACarter, EDean, E AKroeger
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Despite considerable research, the mechanisms responsible for the vasospasm associated with Raynaud's syndrome are not well understood and there is no reliable diagnostic test. In the present studies, measurements of systolic pressure in locally cooled fingers were used to address these issues. We found that local cooling produced a marked decrease or loss of the apparent finger systolic pressure in patients with Raynaud's syndrome in whom a standardized vasoconstriction had been induced by body cooling. Abnormal responses were encountered in 109 of 125 patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome, in 21 of 37 patients with primary Raynaud's disease or the syndrome of uncertain cause, and in two of 63 subjects without symptoms of Raynaud's. These data suggest a high accuracy of the test in patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome and lower accuracy in those with disease of primary or uncertain cause. We studied responses of systolic pressures to alterations in body and local temperatures in fingers with a...
Vitamin Content of Margarine
Authors: J. P. Van den Bergh
Journal: BMJ (1940)

The whisker system is an important sensory organ with extensive neural representations in the brain of the mouse. Patterned neural modules (barrelettes) in the ipsilateral principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (PrV) correspond to the whiskers. Axons of the PrV barrelette neurons cross the midline and confer the whisker-related patterning to the contralateral ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, and subsequently to the cortex. In this way, specific neural modules called barreloids and barrels in the contralateral thalamus and cortex represent each whisker. Partial midline crossing of the PrV axons, in a conditional Robo3 mutant (<i>Robo3<sup>R3–5</sup>cKO</i>) mouse line, leads to the formation of bilateral whisker maps in the ventroposteromedial, as well as the barrel cortex. We used voltage-sensitive dye optical imaging and somatosensory and motor behavioral tests to characterize the consequences of bifacial maps in the thalamocortical system. Voltage-sensitive dye optical imaging verified functional, bilateral whisker representation in the barrel cortex and activation of distinct cortical loci following ipsilateral and contralateral stimulation of the specific whiskers. The mutant animals were comparable with the control animals in sensorimotor tests. However, they showed noticeable deficits in all of the whisker-dependent or -related tests, including Y-maze exploration, horizontal surface approach, bridge crossing, gap crossing, texture discrimination, floating in water, and whisking laterality. Our results indicate that bifacial maps along the thalamocortical system do not offer a functional advantage. Instead, they lead to impairments, possibly due to the smaller size of the whisker-related modules and interference between the ipsilateral and contralateral whisker representations in the same thalamus and cortex. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The whisker sensory system plays a quintessentially important role in exploratory behavior of mice and other nocturnal rodents. Here, we studied a novel mutant mouse line, in which the projections from the brainstem to the thalamus are disrupted. This led to formation of bilateral whisker maps in both the thalamus and the cortex. The two whisker maps crowd in a space normally devoted to the contralateral map alone and in a nonoverlapping fashion. Stimulation of the whiskers on either side activates the corresponding region of the map. Mice with bilateral whisker maps perform well in general sensorimotor tasks but show poor performance in specific tests that require whisker-dependent tactile discrimination. These observations indicate that contralateral, instead of bilateral, representation of the sensory space plays a critical role in acuity and fine discrimination during somesthesis.
Protection against endocarditis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis by immunization with capsular polysaccharide/adhesin.
Authors: STakeda, G BPier, YKojima, MTojo, EMuller, TTosteson, D AGoldmann
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDStaphylococcus epidermidis is the principal pathogen in prosthetic valve endocarditis. The capsular polysaccharide adhesin (PS/A) has been shown to mediate attachment of bacteria to medical devices. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of active and passive immunization against PS/A in preventing S. epidermidis endocarditis in a rabbit model.METHODS AND RESULTSAortic valve vegetations were produced by inserting a Teflon catheter into the left ventricle through the right carotid artery. Bacteremia and endocarditis were then established by implanting in the left jugular vein a catheter that was attached to an osmotic pump and contaminated with S. epidermidis strain RP62A. During a 3-week study period, of 64 blood cultures taken every second or third day from six nonimmune rabbits, 54 (84%) yielded strain RP62A. In rabbits actively immunized with PS/A, eight of 60 blood cultures (13%) were positive (odds ratio 5.0, 95% CI, 2.0-12.3, p = 0.005). At death, all six nonimmune rabbits had infecte...
Temporal effects of thrombolytic agents on platelet function in vivo and their modulation by prostaglandins.
Authors: M ARudd, DGeorge, PAmarante, D EVaughan, JLoscalzo
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

To examine the temporal effects of plasmin generated in vivo on platelet function, we infused tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in rabbits over 3 hours and measured ex vivo platelet aggregation. We noted an initial increase in the aggregation response to ADP occurring 30 minutes after the start of infusion. This enhanced response was short-lived and by 180 minutes was reduced, compared with pretreatment levels. Baseline aggregation response was restored by 240 minutes. This pattern of aggregation response to t-PA infusion was also seen with thrombin as the agonist. Coinfusion of either prostaglandin I2 or prostaglandin E1 abolished the initial hyperaggregable phase induced by t-PA; the hypoaggregable phase occurred earlier (after 60 minutes) and persisted throughout the 1-hour recovery period. Similarly, streptokinase infused for 1 hour also increased platelet aggregation at early times and then reduced aggregation responses after the first hour. Plasma plasmin activity increased as expected with t...
Quantitative measurement of left ventricular volumes in man from radiopaque epicardial markers.
Authors: D LVine, H TDodge, MFrimer, D KStewart, JCaldwell
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The distances between three or four radiopaque markers located on the left ventricular epicardial surface at the apex and in the region of the minor axes in 22 subjects showed close correlations with left ventricular chamber radii, length, volume and wall thickness determined from biplane angiograms over the range of stroke volume. The markers were previously placed during heart surgery. Regression equations relating the distances between epicardial markers and chamber volumes were used to predict volumes for other beats. There was close agreement of end-diastolic, end-systolic, and stroke volumes as determined by the angiographic and epicardial marker methods for premature atrial contraction beats and post premature contraction beats, and in studies performed during rest and exercise. Time-volume curves determined by the epicardial marker and angiographic methods were similar. It is concluded that epicardial marker measurements can be used to quantitate beat-to-beat left ventricular chamber volume and di...
Vitamin C for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: David N. Hager, Jeremiah S. Hinson, Richard E. Rothman
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Superoxide dismutase enhances ischemia-induced reactive hyperemic flow and adenosine release in dogs. A role of 5'-nucleotidase activity.
Authors: MKitakaze, MHori, STakashima, KIwai, HSato, MInoue, AKitabatake, TKamada
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

To test the hypothesis that 5'-nucleotidase activity during ischemia is attenuated by oxygen-derived free radicals, we measured ischemia-induced reactive hyperemic flow, adenosine release, and 5'-nucleotidase activity in dogs (n = 62). A 1-minute occlusion of the coronary artery caused reactive hyperemic flow (307 +/- 5 versus 92 +/- 1 ml.100 g-1.min-1 at baseline) with increased release of adenosine (14.4 +/- 1.4 versus 0.4 +/- 0.1 nmol.100 g-1.min-1 at baseline). Superoxide dismutase augmented (p less than 0.001) both peak coronary blood flow (333 +/- 6 ml.100 g-1.min-1) and repayment (436 +/- 12 versus 320 +/- 7 ml/100 g in the untreated group). Adenosine release during reperfusion was augmented (22.7 +/- 1.9 nmol.100 g-1.min-1, p less than 0.001), and 8-phenyltheophylline completely abolished the enhanced reactive hyperemia. Enzymatic assay of 5'-nucleotidase activity revealed that the administration of superoxide dismutase increases ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity in ischemic myocardium. When an inhibi...
Abstract 13168: Prophylactic Medical Therapy in Young Patients With Severe Bicuspid Aortopathy
Authors: Jonathan N Flyer, Lynn A Sleeper, Steven D Colan, Michael N Singh, Ronald V Lacro
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect, often associated with aortic dilation, risk for dissection, and sudden death during adulthood. Although prophyl...
Stress testing with ST-segment depression at rest. An angiographic correlation.
Authors: SKansal, DRoitman, L TSheffield
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Near maximal graded exercise tests and coronary angiograms were compared in 37 patients with a history of chest pain and with ST segment depression at rest, who were free of obvious nonischemic causes of ST depression. Additional ST depression of 0.1 mV or more occurred with exercise in 26 patients and 23 of these had obstruction of one or more coronary arteries (sensitivity = 0.92). Eleven patients showed no additional ST-segment depression with exercise, and nine of these had normal coronary angiograms (specificity = 0.75). Patients with no increase in ST depression on exercise developed the highest heart rates; those with asymptomatic additional ST depression achieved intermediate rates; and those with anginal attacks during testing demonstrated the least heart rate acceleration. Those with less coronary obstruction exercised longer on the treadmill than those with more obstruction. Those showing added ST depression were predominantly men (18 of 26) and were older (mean 54 years) than those who did not...
KTE-X19 anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy in adult relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: ZUMA-3 phase 1 results
Authors: Bijal D. Shah, Michael R. Bishop, Olalekan O. Oluwole, Aaron C. Logan, Maria R. Baer, William B. Donnellan, Kristen M. O’Dwyer, Houston Holmes, Martha L. Arellano, Armin Ghobadi, John M. Pagel, Yi Lin, Ryan D. Cassaday, Jae H. Park, Mehrdad Abedi, Januario E. Castro, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Adriana K. Malone, Raya Mawad, Gary J. Schiller, John M. Rossi, Adrian Bot, Tong Shen, Lovely Goyal, Rajul K. Jain, Remus Vezan, William G. Wierda
Journal: Blood (2021)
External detection and visualization of myocardial ischemia with 11C-substrates in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: E SWeiss, E JHoffman, M EPhelps, M JWelch, P DHenry, M MTer-Pogossian, B ESobel
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

To characterize externally detectable changes in myocardial metabolism of free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose associated with ischemia, isovolumically beating rabbit hearts were perfused under conditions of selected flows with cyclotron-produced, short-lived (t1/2 - 20.4 minutes), 11C-labeled isotopes of glucose and FFA. Tension-time index decreased 83% and lactate production increased from 0.5 +/- 1.9 (SE) to 5.3 +/- 2.1 mumol/min per g of dry weight reflecting myocardial ischemia after flow was reduced from 20 to 5 ml/min. After 30 minutes of low flow the myocardial accumulation of 11C-octanoate, expressed as the extraction fraction, declined from 56 +/- 15% to 30 +/- 3%, reflecting metabolic suppression of FFA extraction during low flow. Effects attributable exclusively to prolonged residence time were excluded. Similar results were obtained with 11C-palmitate. The myocardial avidity for 11C-palmitate was demonstrable by rectilinear whole body scanning in dogs given 5 mCi of the agent intravenously. Dim...
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Christopher R McCartney, John C Marshall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) refers to a complex, multidimensional disorder resulting in defects in reproduction and metabolism. Although one of the primary characteristic of PCOS is the presence of multiple cysts on the ovaries, the complexity of the syndrome is reflected in the wide range of its clinical manifestations, most notably insulin resistance (50 %), obesity (70 %), irregular menses (80 %), and signs of hyperandrogenism (80 %), such as hirsutism and acne.
Reporting the Capture Efficiency of a Filter-Based Microdevice: A CTC Is Not a CTC Unless It Is CD45 Negative—Response
Authors: Anthony Williams, Henry Lin, Ram Datar, Richard J. Cote
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

The basis for identification of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) and circulating tumor cells (CTC) is evaluation of antigenic differences [for epithelial tumors, generally antigens which identify their epithelial origin, such as cytokeratins (CK)] coupled with the morphology of the CTC (reviewed in ref. 1). In fact, morphologic examination is fundamental in distinguishing “background” staining from the true tumor cells. We agree with the basic premise of de Bono and colleagues that there is value to identify absence of CD45 staining in CK-positive epithelial cells as qualitative differentiator for DTCs or CTCs. But this is particularly useful in the cases in which cell morphology is not optimal (as is the case with CellSearch assessment), which was not the problem we faced with our microfilter platform. We believe that CD45 staining is not necessary when the morphology can be adequately assessed by cytology or historically used in defining a tumor cell in previous studies that have identified DTCs and showed their clinical relevance. As identifying features in our studies in the present study, the positive staining for CK cells was supplemented by morphologic features, such as nucleocytoplasmic ratios and cell size, which we believe are adequate for distinguishing CTCs from the background hematopoietic cells. Besides, given that the microfilter platform is better at enriching the CTCs on the hematopoietic background, the distinction of CTCs from the lymphocytes is far less problematic. It is also noteworthy here that many nonlymphocytic hematopoietic cells are CD45 negative, clearly showing that dependence on CD45 staining as a method for defining CTCs can be suboptimal. Nevertheless, our microfilter can be employed as a platform for staining for both the CK and the CD45; indeed, we have incorporated such dual staining in our subsequent studies. We agree that incorporation of more selective biomarkers going forward will help in better characterization of CTCs.See the original Letter to the Editor, p. 3048R.J. Cote has patents on described technology. He is the consultant and founder of the Filtini, Inc., which has licensed the patents. In addition, H. Lin and R. Datar are named inventors on the patents. A. Williams disclosed no potential conflicts of interest.