tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic effects of rapid atrial stimulation in adult and young dogs.
Authors: N JTruccone, EKrongrad
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

We evaluated the use of rapid atrial stimulation (RAS) to produce 2:1 atrioventricular (AV) block as a method for treating supraventricular tachycardias. We studied the cardiovascular hemodynamic changes before and after block in eight adult dogs and nine young dogs (3-4 1/2 weeks old). In each dog an electrocardiogram; cardiac index; aortic, pulmonary, and left ventricular (LV) systolic and end-diastolic pressures; and LV (dp/dt) p were recorded simultaneously and pulmonary ans systemic resistances were calculated. Measurements were obtained during (1) the control state, (2) RAS with maximal 1:1 AV conduction, (3) RAS with 2:1 AV block, and (4) RAS with 1:1 AV conduction at 50% of the rate which resulted in 2:1 AV block. Comparison of the hemodynamic effect of RAS with maximal 1:1 AV conduction and hemodynamics in the control state showed that there was a significant decrease in cardiac index and aortic mean pressure of 39% and 15%, respectively. When hemodynamic changes during RAS with 2:1 AV block were...
Oxygen consumption in subepicardial and subendocardial regions of the canine left ventricle. The effect of experimental acute valvular aortic stenosis.
Authors: JVinten-Johansen, H RWeiss
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

Moderate and severe levels of experimental valvular aortic stenosis (VAS) were produced in anesthetized, open-chest dogs to determine the effects of VAS on subepicardial (EPI) and subendocardial (ENDO) blood flow, O2 extraction, and O2 consumption (MVO2). Regional flow was determined by microspheres, and O2 saturation and extraction were analyzed by a three-wavelength absorbance microspectrophotometric method. Left ventricular pressure-volume work increased by 49% in moderate and 135% in severe VAS. The ENDO:EPI flow ratio averaged 1.21 +/- 0.09 in controls and decreased to 0.90 +/- 0.16 in moderate and 0.89 +/- 0.09 in severe VAS, and coronary flow increased by 40% and 58%, respectively. O2 extraction increased with both moderate and severe VAS, with extraction being higher in the ENDO than the EPI. MVO2 increased more in severe VAS than in moderate VAS. The ENDO:EPI MVO2 ratios fell to 1.10 (moderate) and to 0.84 (severe) from 1.44 in controls. We conclude that the O2 supply and consequently the MVO2 be...
Analyses of PD-L1 and Inflammatory Gene Expression Association with Efficacy of Nivolumab ± Ipilimumab in Gastric Cancer/Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
Authors: Ming Lei, Nathan O. Siemers, Dimple Pandya, Han Chang, Teresa Sanchez, Christopher Harbison, Peter M. Szabo, Yelena Janjigian, Patrick A. Ott, Padmanee Sharma, Johanna Bendell, Thomas R. Jeffry Evans, Filippo de Braud, Ian Chau, Zachary Boyd
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: In advanced gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC), there is a need to identify biomarkers of response to therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Patients and Methods: In post hoc exploratory analyses from CheckMate 032 (GC/GEJC cohort), we evaluated associations between nivolumab ± ipilimumab (NIVO ± IPI) efficacy and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, defined by tumor cells (% TC) or combined positive score (CPS; sum of PD-L1–staining TCs + immune cells, divided by total viable TCs, × 100) using the Dako PD-L1 IHC 28-8 pharmDx assay, or inflammatory gene expression. Results: There was a trend toward increased efficacy (objective response and overall survival) when PD-L1 expression was determined by CPS compared with % TC at higher cutoffs of ≥5 and ≥10 in the pooled analysis of all treatment regimens. In this analysis, 19% and 26% of patients with PD-L1–positive tumors at a CPS cutoff of ≥5 and ≥10, respectively, had an objective response compared with 8% and 9% of patients at the equivalent % TC cutoffs. Longer survival was demonstrated in patients with PD-L1–positive (defined by CPS cutoffs of ≥5 and ≥10) versus PD-L1–negative status. Similar results were observed in the NIVO 1 mg/kg + IPI 3 mg/kg subgroup. Multiple inflammatory gene signatures/transcripts, including a signature consisting of four genes (CD274, CD8A, LAG3, and STAT1), showed associations with response to NIVO ± IPI. Conclusions: This study suggests a greater association of PD-L1 expression by CPS with NIVO ± IPI efficacy compared with % TC PD-L1 expression in patients with GC/GEJC. Inflammatory signatures were also associated with NIVO ± IPI response, warranting further investigation. See related commentary by Moutafi and Rimm, p. 3812
Myocardial hibernation in the ischemic neonatal heart.
Authors: S EDowning, VChen
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We explored the effects of sustained low-flow ischemia on function and metabolism in isolated neonatal hearts. The hearts were extracted from 21 piglets (1-12 days old) and set up as modified Langendorff preparations beating isometrically. They were perfused with red blood cell-enhanced buffer at controlled rates of coronary flow. Mechanical measurements, O2 usage, and substrate oxidation were determined simultaneously at 30-minute intervals for 2 hours. In control hearts, coronary flow was maintained at 1.8 ml/min/g. There was no significant change in mechanical function, diastolic compliance, or O2 or substrate metabolism after 2 hours. In the ischemia group, coronary flow was reduced to 0.2 ml/min/g and sustained for 2 hours. With the onset of ischemia, mechanical function promptly fell to 20% of control. Although O2 delivery was reduced to 11%, O2 extraction doubled so that myocardial O2 consumption was 22% of control, matching mechanical function. Glucose oxidation fell from 37 to 12 nmol/min/g, and ...
Roles of thrombin and platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in platelet-subendothelial deposition after angioplasty in an ex vivo whole artery model.
Authors: A VKaplan, L LLeung, W HLeung, G WGrant, I RMcDougall, T AFischell
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDPlatelet deposition at the site of injury caused by balloon angioplasty is associated with acute closure and restenosis.METHODS AND RESULTSIn a new ex vivo whole artery angioplasty model, we examined the roles of thrombin inhibition with D-Phe-Pro-ArgCH2Cl (PPACK) and inhibition of the platelet membrane fibrinogen receptor glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) with monoclonal antibody 7E3 on platelet deposition at the site of balloon injury. Fresh rabbit aortas were mounted in a perfusion chamber. One half of the mounted arterial segment was dilated with a standard angioplasty balloon catheter and the uninjured half served as the control segment. The vessels were perfused with human blood at physiological pressure and shear rates of 180-250 second-1 for 30 minutes. Platelet deposition was measured using 111In-labeled platelets and scanning electron microscopy. With heparin (2 units/ml) anticoagulation, 8.2 +/- 2.2 x 10(6) platelets/cm2 were deposited at the site of balloon injury compared with 0.7 ...
Beta-adrenergic receptors in lymphocyte subsets after exercise. Alterations in normal individuals and patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: A SMaisel, THarris, C ARearden, M CMichel
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Dynamic exercise increases the number of beta-adrenergic receptors in mixed lymphocytes by a mechanism that is incompletely understood. In a set of in vivo studies, we have investigated the effects of dynamic exercise on the subset distribution of circulating lymphocytes and on the number of beta-adrenergic receptors in each of these subsets in two groups of patients. In healthy subjects, exercise increased plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine and caused lymphocytosis. Whereas the number of Thelper cells increased only modestly, the number of Tsuppressor/cytotoxic and natural killer cells more than tripled. The number of beta-adrenergic receptors varied among subsets but was not significantly altered by dynamic exercise in any subset except natural killer cells (35% increase, p = 0.0302). In a group of patients with congestive heart failure, dynamic exercise increased plasma norepinephrine but did not alter plasma epinephrine and did not cause significant lymphocytosis. We did not detect any significant ...
Augmented tissue oxygen supply during striated muscle contraction in the hamster. Relative contributions of capillary recruitment, functional dilation, and reduced tissue PO2.
Authors: BKlitzman, D NDamon, R JGorczynski, B RDuling
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

To investigate the relative contributions of alterations in blood flow, capillary density, and tissue PO2 to elevated oxygen delivery in working muscle, we conducted experiments on the suffused hamster cremaster muscle, using in vivo microscopic techniques. Muscle PO2 was measured during striated muscle twitch contraction at 1 Hz. Tissue oxygenation was changed by using suffusion solutions equilibrated with 0%, 5%, 10%, 21%, or 50% oxygen. Contraction caused an increase in capillary density (capillary recruitment), whose magnitude was related to the equilibration gas and, thus, to the suffusate PO2. Capillary recruitment first increased as the oxygen content was raised, peaked with 10% oxygen, and then diminished with higher oxygen content. Arteriolar functional dilation was also observed; when oxygen was raised above 21%, dilation was decreased. The data suggest that oxygen supply is increased primarily by arteriolar conductance changes with low suffusion solution oxygen (0% to 5%), and by capillary recr...
Myocardial stiffness derived from end-systolic wall stress and logarithm of reciprocal of wall thickness. Contractility index independent of ventricular size.
Authors: KNakano, MSugawara, KIshihara, SKanazawa, W JCorin, SDenslow, R WBiederman, B ACarabello
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) is useful in assessing acute changes in contractile state. However, a limitation of ESPVR is that its slope decreases progressively as ventricular size increases without this change necessarily indicating a change in contractile state. In this respect, an index of contractile function that is independent of ventricular size would have an obvious advantage. The exponential constant (k) of the end-systolic relation between wall stress (sigma) and the natural logarithm of the reciprocal of wall thickness [ln(1/H)], sigma = Cekln(1/H), corresponds to the stiffness constant of the myocardium (kSM), a contractile index that should be independent of ventricular size and geometry. To examine the size independence of kSM, we studied left ventricular kSM during beta-blockade (to stabilize inotropic state) in 25 normal dogs with greatly differing ventricular sizes whose end-diastolic volumes ranged from 14 to 82 ml. The kSM was nearly constant (3.6 +/- 0...
Active transendothelial transport of albumin. Interstitium to lumen.
Authors: D MShasby, S SShasby
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Cultured porcine pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers actively transport albumin from interstitium to lumen. The active process favors interstitial to luminal transport by a factor of 10 even in the face of a 2:1 luminal:interstitial albumin gradient. The active process is abolished by treatment with 1 mM sodium cyanide. Dextran is not actively transported. This process could be important in determining transvascular fluid balance and transfer of macromolecules across the endothelium.
TOP100 AS A RAPID TOOL FOR DIAGNOSIS IN OVERT SMALL BOWEL BLEEDING
Authors: A Giordano, L Escude, M Escapa, G Fernández-Esparrach, A Ginés, J Llach, B González-Suárez
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Small bowel bleeding is an insidious cause of repeated hospitalizations, blood transfusions and endoscopic explorations. Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the first-choice technique to explore the small bowel, although long reading times may particularly affect cases with active overt bleeding. From 2017 Pillcam Reader software incorporates a new tool called “TOP100” that rapidly identifies images of potentially abnormal lesions. The present study aims at evaluating TOP100 detection ability in patients with overt small bowel bleeding.
Improved visualization of aortopulmonary collateral arteries by abdominal aortic compression during angiography.
Authors: J NMoll, M ASantos, CDrumond, NRomao, MMurad, N BReis
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Increased filling of aortopulmonary collateral arteries occurs when the descending aorta is obstructed distal to their origin. We used this fact to develop a simple, safe technique for improving angiographic visualization of these arteries. The abdominal aorta is manually compressed against the spine during injection of contrast medium. A slight reflex bradycardia resulted, which probably also enhanced filling of the collateral arteries. In eight infants and children with either pulmonary atresia and a ventricular septal defect or truncus arteriosus communis, excellent visualization was consistently achieved without complication.
Echocardiographic determination of contraction and relaxation measurements of the left ventricular wall in normal subjects and patients with muscular dystrophy.
Authors: S JGoldberg, LFeldman, CReinecke, L ZStern, D JSahn, H DAllen
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Boys with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) usually have a cardiomyopathy characterized by fibrosis of the epicardial half of the left ventricle. This cardiomyopathy is difficult to detect by noninvasive techniques. We report a technique that evaluates incremental left ventricular posterior wall thickening and thinning. High-quality left ventricular posterior wall echoes in 24 boys with DMD and 32 controls were recorded at chordal level two times 1 year apart. Endocardial and epicardial echoes and a timing ECG were digitized and analyzed by minicomputer. Left ventricular wall amplitudes were determined at standardized temporal increments during contraction and relaxation. To compare with this left ventricular assessment technique, systolic ejection times, shortening fraction and mean velocity of circumferenial fiber shortening (Vcf) were also computed in the standard way. Mean year-to-year changes were minor. Mean Vcf, the ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time and shortening frac...
Intratumoral CD103+ CD8+ T cells predict response to PD-L1 blockade
Authors: Romain Banchereau, Avantika S. Chitre, Alexis Scherl, Thomas D. Wu, Namrata S. Patil, Patricia de Almeida, Edward E. Kadel, III, Shravan Madireddi, Amelia Au-Yeung, Chikara Takahashi, Ying-Jiun Chen, Zora Modrusan, Jacqueline McBride, Rhea Nersesian, Ehab A. El-Gabry, Mark D. Robida, Jeffrey C. Hung, Marcin Kowanetz, Wei Zou, Mark McCleland, Patrick Caplazi, Shadi Toghi Eshgi, Hartmut Koeppen, Priti S. Hegde, Ira Mellman, W. Rodney Mathews, Thomas Powles, Sanjeev Mariathasan, Jane Grogan, William E O'Gorman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, marked by CD103 (ITGAE) expression, are thought to actively suppress cancer progression, leading to the hypothesis that their presence in tumors may predict response to immunotherapy.Here, we test this by combining high-dimensional single-cell modalities with bulk tumor transcriptomics from 1868 patients enrolled in lung and bladder cancer clinical trials of atezolizumab (anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)).ITGAE was identified as the most significantly upregulated gene in inflamed tumors. Tumor CD103+ CD8+ TRM cells exhibited a complex phenotype defined by the expression of checkpoint regulators, cytotoxic proteins, and increased clonal expansion.Our analyses indeed demonstrate that the presence of CD103+ CD8+ TRM cells, quantified by tracking intratumoral CD103 expression, can predict treatment outcome, suggesting that patients who respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade are those who exhibit an ongoing antitumor T-cell response.
KASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

PREAMBLE AimsIn Korea, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the second most common cause of chronic liver disease after viral liver disease, and the rate of alcohol-related deaths is high, at 9.6 deaths per 100,000 persons per year.Nevertheless, the Korean culture is lenient toward drinking and the inebriated state, which is due to alcohol being considered an important social lubricant for both business and private gatherings.ALD tends to be thought of as a personal problem, and as such its importance is underestimated.Furthermore, academic interest in ADL is dwindling since the advent of antiviral therapy.However, given the keen worldwide interest and research into ALD, there remains a need for clinical practice guidelines that are tailored to the Korean healthcare system for the management of this disease.This need prompted the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL) to develop the "KASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Alcoholic Liver Dis-ease", based on a systematic approach to reflect evidence-based medicine and expert opinion in internal medicine and psychiatry, with the aim of setting clinical practice guidelines for the management of ALD and improving public health in Korea. Target population, healthcare system, and intended usersThe main targets of these guidelines are patients in the Korean healthcare system with ALD or alcohol use disorder.The guidelines are intended to provide useful information and guidance to physicians, caregivers, and healthcare workers with regard to ALD diagnosis, education, and research. Systematic review of the literature, level of evidence, and grade of recommendationThe guidelines were developed based on recent studies and evidence, with key questions for each section formulated based on KASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Alcoholic Liver DiseaseThe Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL)
Increases in walking distance in patients with peripheral vascular disease treated with L-carnitine: a double-blind, cross-over study.
Authors: GBrevetti, MChiariello, GFerulano, APolicicchio, ENevola, ARossini, TAttisano, GAmbrosio, NSiliprandi, CAngelini
Journal: Circulation (1988)

A double-blind, cross-over study was designed to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine in patients with peripheral vascular disease. After drug washout, 20 patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo or L-carnitine (2 g bid, orally) for a period of 3 weeks and were then crossed over to the other treatment for an additional 3 weeks. The effect on walking distance at the end of each treatment period was measured by treadmill test. Absolute walking distance rose from 174 +/- 63 m with placebo to 306 +/- 122 m (p less than .01) with carnitine. Biopsy of the ischemic muscle, carried out before and after 15 days of L-carnitine administration in four additional patients, showed that treatment significantly increased total carnitine levels. An additional goal of this study was to ascertain the effects of L-carnitine on the metabolic changes induced by exercise in the affected limb. In six patients under control conditions, arterial and popliteal venous lactate and pyruvate concentrations were determined at r...
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: Thomas H. Briggs
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> I do not think the time has come, or in fact, ever will come, when our journal should be removed from Chicago. This child of our creation was born under trying circumstances, and I hope it has passed all the straits of its birth, and now at an age well on its feet, walking alone. Chicago, I believe, should be its home. Battle Creek, Mich., Feb. 5, 1891.
Contrast M-mode ultrasonography of the inferior vena cava.
Authors: N KWise, SMyers, T DFraker, J AStewart, J AKisslo
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Contrast M-mode and two-dimensional ultrasonography of the inferior vena cava were performed in 65 patients with various acquired and congenital cardiac disorders. After saline was injected into a peripheral arm vein, the inferior vena cava was visualized by both methods in 60 patients (92%). The M-mode approach was better for correlating the appearance of contrast within the inferior vena cava with the ECG. This precise correlation served as the basis for differentiating patients with tricuspid insufficiency (visualization of contrast after the QRS) from those with impaired right ventricular filling (visualization of contrast before the QRS) or arrhythmia. Results with the M-mode approach suggest that conditions other than tricuspid insufficiency may cause the appearance of contrast within the inferior vena cava. M-mode echocardiography should be used to further investigate patients with impaired right ventricular filling.
Sustained improvement of cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure after short-term infusion of dobutamine.
Authors: C SLiang, L GSherman, J UDoherty, KWellington, V WLee, W BHood
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Fifteen patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (six idiopathic and nine alcoholic) manifested by heart failure (New York Heart Association class III or IV) were randomly assigned to a protocol in which dobutamine (n = 8) or 5% dextrose in water (n = 7) was infused continuously for 72 hr. The dose of dobutamine was titrated to increase cardiac output to twice the baseline values. The patients were evaluated before infusion, shortly after infusion, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks thereafter. Functional class improved in six of eight dobutamine-treated patients but in only two of seven control patients during the 4 week observation period. Maximal exercise time and left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly above baseline only in the dobutamine group. However, neither dobutamine nor placebo infusion produced significant changes shortly after infusion in heart rate, cardiac index, or total peripheral vascular resistance at rest or during exercise at similar workloads. The group receiving dobutamine did...
Postinflammatory mitral and aortic valve prolapse: a clinical and pathological study.
Authors: TTomaru, YUchida, NMohri, WMori, AFuruse, KAsano
Journal: Circulation (1987)

In this study we reevaluated whether the sole cause of mitral valve  (MVP) and aortic valve  (AVP) is myxomatous degeneration. Forty-two surgical cases of prolapsed valves with mitral and/or aortic regurgitation were reviewed (AVP in nine, MVP in 27, and combined AVP and MVP [CVP] in six). On microscopic examination, myxomatous degeneration was observed in 20 patients, including six with AVP, 13 with MVP, and one with CVP. In the other 22 patients, including three with AVP, 14 with MVP, and five with CVP, microscopic examination revealed fibrosis with vascularization and scattered infiltration of inflammatory round cells caused by  changes with or without chronic inflammation. We coined the term postinflammatory valve prolapse (PIVP) to describe these valves. Both  and myxomatous degeneration were observed in seven patients with floppy mitral valves attributable to PIVP. Rupture of chordae tendineae was present in six patients with myxomatous mitral valve ...
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy Reveals Differential Response in Patients with Active Ulcerative Colitis Undergoing Anti-Integrin Compared to Anti-Tnf-Alpha Therapy
Authors: M Ellrichmann, B Schulte, J Bethge, S Nikolaus, K Aden, S Schreiber
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Mucosal healing is the central goal of therapy in ulcerative colitis(UC) but is only based on superficial criteria that do not allow assessment of early therapy response. Confocal Laserendomicroscopy(CLE) enables visualisation of dynamic changes of the mucosa and might reliably exhibit very early changes of the architecture. To evaluate CLE for dynamic quantification of the level of inflammation in UC patients undergoing biological therapy (Vedolizumab(VDO) or Infliximab(IFX)) as a marker for early therapy response.