tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant Drugs and Liver Damage
Authors: W. Sargant
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Antidepressant Drugs and Liver Damage SIR,-It is very disturbing that, despite being repeatedly asked to do so in this column, no British or American general physician or pathologist seems to be able to tell us how they diagnose between infective hepatitis and " nardil " (phenelzine), " drazine" (phenoxypropazine), or " marsilid " (iproniazid) jaundice, either with or without a full post mortem to help them.Yet their evidence has resulted in the ban- ning of iproniazid in the U.S.A., and the unnecessary panic withdrawal of phenoxy- propazine in this country; and now the Witts Subcommittee has published its first pamphlet through the Committee on the
Factors associated with acute mesenteric ischemia among critically ill ventilated patients with shock: a post hoc analysis of the NUTRIREA2 trial
Authors: Gaël Piton, Amélie Le Gouge, Julie Boisramé-Helms, Nadia Anguel, Laurent Argaud, Pierre Asfar, Vlad Botoc, Anne Bretagnol, Laurent Brisard, Hoang-Nam Bui, Emmanuel Canet, Delphine Chatelier, Louis Chauvelot, Michael Darmon, Vincent Das, Jérôme Devaquet, Michel Djibré, Frédérique Ganster, Maité Garrouste-Orgeas, Stéphane Gaudry, Olivier Gontier, Samuel Groyer, Bertrand Guidet, Jean-Etienne Herbrecht, Yannick Hourmant, Jean-Claude Lacherade, Philippe Letocart, Frédéric Martino, Virginie Maxime, Emmanuelle Mercier, Jean-Paul Mira, Saad Nseir, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Jack Richecoeur, Jean-Philippe Rigaud, Damien Roux, David Schnell, Carole Schwebel, Daniel Silva, Michel Sirodot, Bertrand Souweine, Nathalie Thieulot-Rolin, François Tinturier, Patrice Tirot, Didier Thévenin, Guillaume Thiéry, Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou, Jean Reignier
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2022)
What's new in the new editions?
Authors: C. Hawkins
Journal: BMJ (1987)

It is indeed a highly practical book, from one of the leading lights in childhood asthma.Tony Milner's superb unit at Nottingham has produced much basic research on asthma, and this and other research is well incorporated into the book to explain the rationale for treatment.The chapters are well illustrated.Diagrams and graphs are clear and instructive.Even radiographs, which are usually difficult to reproduce, are clear, with one exception when a negative has been printed.At the end of each chapter a small list of practical points summarising the salient messages is given, an aid to digestion which I found very helpful.Professor Milner writes clearly and concisely, and his style is gentle.He is excellent on atopy and increased bronchial lability.There is a chapter on the measurement of lung function that may be too esoteric for many readers, but this is offset by a thoughtful chapter on diagnosis.Drug treatment, including the use ofdifferent inhalation systems, is well covered, and allergy, allergen avoidance, and desensitisation are discussed, albeit with slightly less conviction.Alternative therapies, including herbal remedies and homoeopathy,
Population-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink study using algorithm modelling to identify the true burden of hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: J.R. Ingram, S. Jenkins-Jones, D.W. Knipe, C.L.I. Morgan, R. Cannings-John, V. Piguet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Summary Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a long-term skin disease affecting young adults, causing multiple boils in skin crease sites such as the armpits and groins. The boils are painful, may produce pus and leave disfiguring scars. How common HS is remains controversial, with recent reports using USA medical insurance data suggesting about 0.1% of the population is affected, which is lower than European studies using self-reported questionnaires (completed by the patient). This may be because insurance databases miss undiagnosed cases. Our study team based in the UK aimed to use UK electronic data recorded by General Practitioners (GPs) to identify known and previously undiagnosed cases of HS. We identified undiagnosed cases by looking for patients who had seen their GP for at least 5 skin boils and validated their diagnosis by sending some of the GPs a questionnaire to double-check. Out of 4.3 million patients in the GP database, we found 23,000 diagnosed HS patients and 10,000 undiagnosed patients, showing that 0.77% of the UK population has HS. Including probable cases, who had 1-4 skin boil consultations, the figure rises to 1.19%. Comparing people with HS to similar people without HS, there are higher rates of smoking and obesity (both 3 times more common), as well as type 2 diabetes, Crohn's disease, raised fat levels in the blood, acne, high blood pressure and depression. However a link was not found between HS and ulcerative colitis or polycystic ovary syndrome. In conclusion, we found that HS is relatively common, nearly 10 times more common than the estimates using USA insurance data. People with HS have higher rates of risk factors for heart disease and stroke and so checking for these conditions is important.
BCG efficacy in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer after prior radiation treatment for prostate cancer.
Authors: Adri Durant, Yu-Hui Chang, Kassem Faraj, Mark Tyson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

482 Background: Prostate radiotherapy is associated with worse oncologic outcomes in patients with bladder cancer. This is thought to be secondary to microvascular damage resulting in propagation of inflammation. There is sparse data on the effect of prior radiotherapy on the efficacy of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We sought to evaluate BCG response and outcomes in NMIBC patients who have previously undergone prostate radiotherapy compared to patients with no prior history of pelvic radiotherapy. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that includes patients who received intravesical BCG for NMIBC at our institution from 2001 to 2019. Data were collected on patient and pathologic characteristics. Patients were stratified into three cohorts: prior radiotherapy (RT), radical prostatectomy (RP), and no prostate cancer (No PCa). Wilcoxon rank sum test and Chi-squared test were used for comparison between groups. The primary endpoints included recurrence at one-year, progression to MIBC and progression to metastatic disease. Results: In 199 total patients who underwent BCG for NMIBC, 23 had a prior history of radiotherapy treatment for prostate cancer, while 17 underwent prior radical prostatectomy. Overall, 41.2% of patients had recurrence at one year. There was no difference in recurrence at one year between the cohorts: 42.8% No PCa, 29.4% RP and 39.1% RT; p = 0.56. There was also no difference in progression to MIBC (6.9% No PCA, 0% RP, and 8.7% RT) or progression to metastatic disease (6.9% No PCA, 5.9% RP and 4.3% RT) with p = 0.50 and 0.89 respectively. Conclusions: The efficacy of intravesical BCG does not appear to be modified by prior radiation treatment for prostate cancer in patients with NMIBC.[Table: see text]
Regional Anatomy in its Relation to Medicine and Surgery.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

As the title indicates, the book is original in its design and execution. This work covers not only the matter usually comprised in ordinary works on surgical anatomy, but as well the surface anatomy, or "land-marks." Surface anatomy is not only a necessary study for the artist, but for the surgeon, especially in these days of the philotomists, when every swelling must be "explored," and the unfortunate abdomen slashed open whenever there is any unusual change in its contour. The more knowledge of surface anatomy, the less "exploratory" slashing. The more knowledge of surface anatomy, the more accurate the diagnoses in injuries of the joints, and the fewer the litigants in malpractice suits. Prof. McClellen, himself a teacher of anatomy in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, as well as in a medical school, has given the most complete exposition of the subject. The illustrations are accurate and handsomely executed,
DEATHS OF PHYSICIANS PUBLISHED IN 1926
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incorrect Term
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstracts
Authors: S Sauerland', I Zeissig', Y Sun2, S Kessler', K P Gunther', H Brenner2, W Puhl' '
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

Radiological assessment is a widely used instrument in disease definition and in measuring progression of osteoarthritis.Since January 1995 we have been conducting a prospective multicentre follow up study which will evaluate the role of molecular markers, bone mineral density, and clinical and radiological features in disease progression.One thousand patients with osteoarthritis of hip and knee joints are included.The first results on the reliability of radiological features in disease definition are presented here.Three experienced readers independently graded 60 knee and 60 hip radiographs from the study group for the Kellgren-Lawrence score (KL score) and the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging atlas (BLSAA).3After a four week period the examination was repeated.Intra-and interobserver reliability was calculated by statistics.For the hip joint intraobserver reliability was best for subchondral sclerosis, superior joint space narrowing (JSN), and femoral head deformity ( = 0.88, 0.86, and 0.82 respectively).The other features (osteo- phytes, medial JSN, femoral and acetabular cysts) had good reliability ( 0.57).The inter- observer reliability ranged between = 0.86 (deformity) and 0.35 (medial JSN).At the knee joint the intra-versus interobserver reli- ability ranged between = 0. 86 (lateral sclero- sis) and 0.56 (lateral osteophytes) compared to 0.69 (tibial spines) and 0.37 (medial scle- rosis).The KL score showed an intra-and interobserver reliability of = 0.68 and 0.73 at the hip joint and = 0.82 and 0.55 at the knee joint.In conclusion, the radiological assessment in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee joints using the BLSAA is a reliable instrument in evaluating the radiographic severity of disease.
Protection against severe infant lower respiratory tract infections by immune training: Mechanistic studies
Authors: Niamh M. Troy, Deborah Strickland, Michael Serralha, Emma de Jong, Anya C. Jones, James Read, Sally Galbraith, Zahir Islam, Parwinder Kaur, Kyle T. Mincham, Barbara J. Holt, Peter D. Sly, Anthony Bosco, Patrick G. Holt
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Prognostic effect of body mass index in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with chemoimmunotherapy combinations
Authors: Alessio Cortellini, Biagio Ricciuti, Victor R Vaz, Davide Soldato, Joao V Alessi, Filippo G Dall’Olio, Giuseppe L Banna, Sethupathi Muthuramalingam, Samuel Chan, Margarita Majem, Aida Piedra, Giuseppe Lamberti, Elisa Andrini, Alfredo Addeo, Alex Friedlaender, Francesco Facchinetti, Teresa Gorría, Laura Mezquita, Delphine Hoton, Lacroix Valerie, Frank Aboubakar Nana, James Artingstall, Charles Comins, Massimo Di Maio, Andrea Caglio, Judith Cave, Hayley McKenzie, Thomas Newsom-Davis, Joanne S Evans, Marcello Tiseo, Antonio D'Alessio, Claudia A M Fulgenzi, Benjamin Besse, Mark M Awad, David J Pinato
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Introduction It has been recognized that increasing body mass index (BMI) is associated with improved outcome from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with various malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is unclear whether baseline BMI may influence outcomes from first-line chemoimmunotherapy combinations. Methods In this international multicenter study, we evaluated the association between baseline BMI, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a cohort of patients with stage IV NSCLC consecutively treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy combinations. BMI was categorized according to WHO criteria. Results Among the 853 included patients, 5.3% were underweight; 46.4% were of normal weight; 33.8% were overweight; and 14.5% were obese. Overweight and obese patients were more likely aged ≥70 years (p=0.00085), never smokers (p&lt;0.0001), with better baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group—Performance Status (p=0.0127), and had lower prevalence of central nervous system (p=0.0002) and liver metastases (p=0.0395). Univariable analyses showed a significant difference in the median OS across underweight (15.5 months), normal weight (14.6 months), overweight (20.9 months), and obese (16.8 months) patients (log-rank: p=0.045, log rank test for trend: p=0.131), while no difference was found with respect to the median PFS (log-rank for trend: p=0.510). Neither OS nor PFS was significantly associated with baseline BMI on multivariable analysis. Conclusions In contrast to what was observed in the context of chemotherapy-free ICI-based regimens, baseline BMI does not affect clinical outcomes from chemoimmunotherapy combinations in patients with advanced NSCLC.
New drugs selectively inhibit kidney stone formation
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

General treatment of urolithiasis is yielding to specific agents for particular types of kidney stones. Last December, the Food and Drug Administration approved sodium cellulose phosphate (SCP) for the treatment of one type of calcium stone. Last month, it approved acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) for prevention of so-called struvite stones. Now a third agent— potassium citrate, which inhibits the formation of stones associated with abnormally low urinary levels of citrate—is waiting in the wings for approval. All three of these agents are classified as "orphan drugs"; that is, drugs needed by so few patients that most pharmaceutical companies will not go to the trouble and expense of ushering them through the FDA's approval procedures. In addition, the three agents suffer another disadvantage: Since they are standard chemical compounds, they cannot be patented. Thus, until the Orphan Drug Act became law earlier this year, a company that had obtained approval for such
Scrotal Ultrasound
Authors: K M Desai, J M Haworth, J C Gingell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

Scrotal ultrasonography has been performed in 105 men with a variety of intrascrotal conditions. The range of pathology interpreted by this technique is presented and its diagnostic accuracy evaluated. The clinical application and usefulness of this noninvasive method of imaging scrotal contents is discussed.
J Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp;amp; Psychiatry, London
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Authors: P D Marsden
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The integrin alpha 4 beta 1 can provide a costimulus to induce IL-2 secretion and IL-2R expression leading to enhanced proliferation of purified, peripheral blood T cells. Similar to expression of IL-2, we demonstrated that recombinant vascular-cell adhesion molecule-1, when co-immobilized with anti-CD3 mAb, significantly enhanced the induction of transcription factors NF-AT, AP-1, and NF-kappa B as determined by electromobility shift assays. alpha 4 beta 1 ligation alone had no effect on transcription factor binding. The requirements for induction of transcription factors reflected the requirements for the secretion of multiple cytokines, including IL-2, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and granulocyte macrophage-CSF. In contrast to freshly isolated T cells, in vitro-cultured T cells did not require costimulation for cytokine secretion in response to anti-CD3 alone. Comparison of the dose response to anti-CD3 stimulation demonstrated that half-maximal induction of IL-2 was achieved using the same dose of anti-CD3 for both freshly isolated and cultured T cells. Furthermore, the dose of OKT3 required to achieve half-maximal activation was the same using PMA or different concentrations of alpha 4 beta 1 ligands. Therefore, costimulation by alpha 4 beta 1 ligands was not due to stabilization of the interaction of the cells with its substrate. We conclude, rather, that alpha 4 beta 1 in freshly isolated T cells delivers a distinct signal that synergizes early with signals initiated by TCR/CD3 ligation to induce DNA binding of multiple transcription factors required for cytokine gene induction.
A prospective phase II trial of neoadjuvant nivolumab plus gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of bladder.
Authors: Hongsik Kim, Ryul Kim, Joohyun Hong, Ghee Young Kwon, Chan Kyo Kim, Won Park, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Byong Chang Jeong, Jung Yong Hong, Se Hoon Park
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

494 Background: To assess the efficacy and safety of the combination of nivolumab plus gemcitabine/cisplatin in neoadjuvant setting of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of bladder (MIBC). Methods: In this prospective phase II trial (CRIS, KCT0003804), eligible patients had cT2-T4a N0 MIBC, cisplatin-eligible, and to be planned radical cystectomy. Patients received nivolumab 3 mg/kg on days 1 and 15, cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1, and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15. Study treatment was repeated every 28 days up to 3 or 4 cycles, depending on the surgery schedules. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR, ypT0). Secondary endpoints included pathologic downstaging (&lt;ypT1), disease-free survival (DFS) and safety. Results: Between Sep 2019 and Oct 2020, 51 patients were enrolled. The majority of patients (96%) completed the planned (median, 3; range 1 to 4) cycles of nivolumab plus gemcitabine/cisplatin without significant toxicities. The most commonly observed adverse events included fatigue, nausea and pruritus. Among the 49 patients who completed study treatment, 12 patients refused surgery but were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Radical cystectomy was performed in 34 (69%) patients. Pathologic results revealed 12 pCR (ypT0, 35%), 4 ypTis, 3 ypTa, 3 ypT1, and 12 ypT2/T3. Preoperative PD-L1 (22C3 TPS&gt;1%) did not correlate with pCR or pathologic downstaging rates. With a median follow-up of 19 months (95% CI, 17 to 20), 12 patients experienced disease recurrence and median DFS was not reached. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant nivolumab plus gemcitabine/cisplatin was feasible and provided meaningful pathologic responses in patients with MIBC. Clinical trial information: KCT0003804.
A hierarchical regulatory network ensures stable albumin transcription under various pathophysiological conditions
Authors: Rilu Feng, Kejia Kan, Carsten Sticht, Yujia Li, Shanshan Wang, Hui Liu, Chen Shao, Stefan Munker, Hanno Niess, Sai Wang, Christoph Meyer, Roman Liebe, Matthias P. Ebert, Steven Dooley, Huiguo Ding, Honglei Weng
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract Background and Aims It remains unknown how patients with liver failure maintain essential albumin levels. Here, we delineate a hierarchical transcription regulatory network that ensures albumin expression under different disease conditions. Approach and Results We examined albumin levels in liver tissues and serum in 157 patients, including 84 with HCC, 38 decompensated cirrhosis, and 35 acute liver failure. Even in patients with liver failure, the average serum albumin concentrations were 30.55 g/L. In healthy subjects and patients with chronic liver diseases, albumin was expressed in hepatocytes. In patients with massive hepatocyte loss, albumin was expressed in liver progenitor cells (LPCs). The albumin gene ( ALB ) core promoter possesses a TATA box and nucleosome‐free area, which allows constitutive RNA polymerase II binding and transcription initiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α), CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) bound to the ALB enhancer. Knockdown of either of these factors reduced albumin expression in hepatocytes. FOXA2 acts as a pioneer factor to support HNF4α and C/EBPα. In hepatocytes lacking HNF4α and C/EBPα expression, FOXA2 synergized with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) to maintain albumin transcription. RAR nuclear translocation was induced by retinoic acids released by activated HSCs. In patients with massive hepatocyte loss, LPCs expressed HNF4α and FOXA2. RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR analyses revealed that lack of HNF4α and C/EBPα in hepatocytes increased hedgehog ligand biosynthesis. Hedgehog up‐regulates FOXA2 expression through glioblastoma family zinc finger 2 binding to the FOXA2 promoter in both hepatocytes and LPCs. Conclusions A hierarchical regulatory network formed by master and pioneer transcription factors ensures essential albumin expression in various pathophysiological conditions.