tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 219: The Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Patients With Cardiovascular Shock: Results From the Japanese Circulation Society Cardiovascular Shock Registry
Authors: Tsukasa Yagi, Ken Nagao, Eizo Tachibana, Naohiro Yonemoto, Kazuo Sakamoto, Yaushi Ueki, Hiroshi Imamura, Takamichi Miyamoto, Hiroshi Takahashi, Hiroyuki Hanada, Nobutaka Chiba, Shigemasa Tani, Naoya Matsumoto
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Recent guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation have stressed that comatose adult patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have targeted temperature management, including therapeutic hypothermia (TH). However, it is unknown whether the TH for patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest presenting with cardiovascular shock is useful. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of the TH for patients with ROSC after OHCA presenting with cardiovascular shock at hospital arrival, using the data of the Japanese Circulation Society (JCS) Cardiovascular Shock registry, a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study. Methods: From the data of this registry between 2012 and 2014, we included comatose adult patients presenting with cardiovascular shock. The primary endpoint was survival rates at 30 days after hospital arrival, and the secondary endpoint was favorable neurological outcome at the discharge. Results: Of the 1004 patients registered in the JCS-Shock Registry, the data of 339 patients were included in this analysis. Of the 339 patients, 149 had received TH, 190 had not received (p=0.026). Figure showed the endpoints in the entire study population, in patients with ROSC after OHCA and in the patients with ROSC after OHCA, who had not received veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). In the multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for 30-day survival in patients receiving TH as compared to patients not receiving TH was 2.806 (95%CI 1.195-5.268, p=0.001) in the entire study population, 3.194 (95% CI 1.597-6.386, p=0.001) in patients with ROSC after OHCA, 2.469 (95%CI 1.238-4.924, p=0.01) in the patients with ROSC after OHCA not receiving VA ECMO, respectively. Conclusion: On the basis of these results, the TH for the patients with ROSC after OHCA presenting with cardiovascular shock was useful in terms of 30-day survival, but not neurological benefits.
Association between serum lactate dehydrogenase and cutaneous immune-related adverse events among patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced melanoma
Authors: Maria S Asdourian, Tracey S Otto, Ted V Jacoby, Nishi Shah, Leah L Thompson, Steven M Blum, Kerry L Reynolds, Yevgeniy R Semenov, Donald P Lawrence, Ryan J Sullivan, Genevieve M Boland, Alexandra-Chloé Villani, Steven T Chen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Attainment of early, deep prostate-specific antigen response in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: A comparison of patients initiated on apalutamide or enzalutamide.
Authors: Benjamin Lowentritt, Dominic Pilon, Ibrahim Khilfeh, Carmine Rossi, Erik Muser, Frederic Kinkead, Dexter Waters, Lorie Ellis, Patrick Lefebvre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

43 Background: Deep prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, defined as a ≥90% decline in PSA (PSA90), is an important early prognostic factor for achieving radiographic progression free survival and overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) treated with a next generation androgen receptor inhibitor (ARI) or androgen biosynthesis inhibitor. This study compared PSA90 responses among patients with mCSPC at first use of a next generation ARI. Methods: Clinical data from 69 community urology practices in the United States were evaluated. Patients with mCSPC were classified into treatment cohorts based on their first filled prescription (index date) for apalutamide (APA) or enzalutamide (ENZ) after 12/16/2019. Patients were followed from index date until the earliest of index regimen discontinuation, treatment switch, end of clinical activity or end of data availability (03/05/2021). Included patients had ≥12 months of clinical activity to assess baseline characteristics. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to reduce baseline confounding by controlling for age, race, index year, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) use ≥6 months, first-generation antiandrogen use, most recent PSA level, most recent testosterone level, Gleason score, and time between metastasis and the index date. PSA90 was defined as the earliest attainment of ≥90% decline in PSA relative to baseline PSA (most recent value within 13 weeks pre-index). The proportion of patients achieving a PSA90 and the time to PSA90 was compared using a weighted Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis and weighted Cox proportional hazards models. Results: A total of 186 APA patients and 165 ENZ patients met the study criteria. Patients’ characteristics were generally well balanced after IPTW (Table). By 6 months, 73.6% of APA and 69.5% of ENZ patients had a post index PSA measurement. At 6 months, significantly more mCSPC patients initiated on APA attained PSA90 response than patients initiated on ENZ (p=0.014; Table). This result continued to remain significant at 9 months and at the end of the follow-up (Table). The median time to PSA90 was 3.1 months for APA patients and 5.2 months for ENZ patients. Conclusions: This real-world study of mCSPC cohorts demonstrates that initiation of APA leads to significantly more patients achieving a deep PSA response more rapidly than patients initiating ENZ. [Table: see text]
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Authors: D. S. Stevenson, F. L. Henderson
Journal: BMJ (1937)

HEREDITARY SEBACEOUS CYSTS MEDICAL ORHAL 963 and sectioned.Most other observers, however, have found that the sebaceous glands, far from being hypertrophied, are actually atrophied. 2.-Cysts of New FormationMany recent observers (literature by Benecke, 1931) have reverted to the view originally held by Paget that the majority of sebaceous cysts are cysts of new forma- tion and that a true retention cyst of the hair follicle or sebaceous duct is rare.Benecke believed that the majority of the so-called sebaceous eCysts met with clinic- ally are more properly termed "epidermoid cysts."These arise by the accumulation of secretion from isolated rests of epidermal cells lying within the corium.Other types of cysts of new formation have been described, arising as naevoid new growths or traumatic implantation cysts.As evidence against the retention theory attention is drawn to: (i) the rarity of cyst formation in cases of severe acne; (ii) the rarity of comedones in cases of sebocystomatosis; (iii) the difficulty of demonstrating by serial section an occluded or partially obliterated sebaceous duct ; (iv) the occurrence of cysts of identical histological structure on the palms of the hands and the volar surface of the fingers, sites devoid of sebaceous glands and hair follicles. SummaryA family presenting multiple hereditary sebaceous cysts is described.This type of case throws light upon the aetiology of the common sebaceous cyst.The evidence against the widely accepted theory of retention is dis- cussed.
Pulmonary blastoma.
Authors: M J Peacock, F Whitwell
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Pulmonary blastoma is now accepted as a distinctive neoplasm. It remains rare, and only 28 cases have been reliably recorded. A further two cases are now reported, and the previous literature is reviewed. There are no specific clinical or radiological features of pulmonary blastoma. The presentation can be that of any other pulmonary tumour although a peripheral situation is usual and a large size is often attained before detection. Pulmonary blastoma is a mixed tumour with malignant epithelial and connective tissue components with a distinctive resemblance to fetal lung. The treatment of choice is surgical excision but the overall prognosis is poor. It is doubtful whether the tumour has a true blastomatous origin.
Continuing Medical Education: Case 29-2012: A 49-Year-Old Man with Pain and Cranial-Nerve Palsies after Treatment of Oral Cancer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

were scaled for a y axis ranging from 0 to 35%; they have been replotted for the published y axis, which ranged from 0 to 100%.The article is correct at NEJM.org.
Clinicopathologic and survival differences between African Americans and Caucasians with renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: Shirley Wang, Joseph G. Cheaib, Sunil H. Patel, Ridwan Alam, Meredith Metcalf, Yuezhuo Jing, Bruce Trock, Mohamad Allaf, Yasser Ged, Phil Pierorazio, Nirmish Singla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

296 Background: The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has gradually increased over the past decades, particularly among African Americans (AA). Lifestyle and other factors such as high blood pressure and tobacco exposure are associated with its incidence. We aim to compare differences in clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes between AA and Caucasian patients undergoing nephrectomy for RCC. Methods: A retrospective single institutional analysis was performed on AA or Caucasian patients undergoing nephrectomy for RCC between 1996 and 2021. Baseline clinical and pathologic characteristics were compared by race. Survival outcomes, including cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS), were assessed by Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariable Cox regression analysis (MVA). Results: We included 2,439 patients (445 AA, 1987 Caucasians). AA patients were female-predominant compared to Caucasians (54.8% vs. 35.7%, p&lt;0.01). AA patients were more likely to have a history of hypertension (44.0% vs. 40.3%, p&lt;0.001) and diabetes (14.4% vs. 11.4%, p&lt;0.001). Caucasian race was associated with higher pathologic stage (p&lt;0.001), positive nodal status (3.8% vs. 1.1%, p=0.016), and metastatic disease at presentation (3.7% vs. 1.8%, p=0.042). AA had more papillary variant compared to Caucasians (36 v 15.7%, p&lt;0.01). The 5-year CSS across all stages was better for AA vs. Caucasians (93.1% vs. 89.7%, p=0.01), but after adjusting for covariates, race was not significant for CSS on MVA (HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.57-1.38), p=0.8). Similar findings were seen in OS. We performed additional sub-analyses on patients with stage pT1a (n=665) and locally advanced (pT3-4, n=431) clear cell RCC. Among these sub-groups, no significant differences were seen by race. Conclusions: Within our institutional cohort, AA patients with RCC undergoing nephrectomy did not exhibit worse pathologic characteristics at presentation or inferior survival outcomes compared to their Caucasian counterparts. There were notable differences among baseline clinical characteristics and histology by race. Socioeconomic and molecular analyses will help elucidate biological differences and identify socially actionable strategies to improve outcomes among patients with RCC.
Abstract 17137: Unmasking Pathological Mechanisms of Long QT Syndrome <i>KCNH2</i> H70R Variant Using Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Li Feng, Gina Kim, Catherine A Eichel, Fang Liu, Evi Lim, Corey L Anderson, Kate M Orland, Jianhua Zhang, Lee L Eckhardt, Gail A Robertson, Craig T January, Timothy J Kamp
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Inherited long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2) results from loss-of-function mutations in the KCNH2 gene encoding the hERG channel, which conducts I Kr , the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K + current. The N-terminal Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain present on the hERG1a subunit, but not the hERG1b subunit, is the site of multiple LQT2-linked missense variants. The mechanism of loss of function by many of these missense PAS variants is unclear given conflicting results from different heterologous expression systems expressing hERG1a. Hypothesis: Patient-specific LQT2 human iPSC-cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) which naturally express hERG1a/1b carrying the KCNH2 H70R variant in the PAS domain will exhibit loss of I Kr associated with APD prolongation due to impaired channel protein trafficking. Methods and Results: Human iPSCs were derived from a patient carrying the LQT2-associated PAS domain mutation KCNH2 H70R, which has been reported to cause impaired hERG channel trafficking without effects on channel gating when expressed in HEK 293 cells but accelerated deactivation kinetics of I hERG when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Two clones of KCNH2 H70R and unrelated control hiPSCs (DF19-9-11T) were differentiated using monolayer-base, small molecule protocol to CMs, evaluated with whole-cell patch clamp. Action potentials from single hiPSC-CMs paced at 1Hz were prolonged in the hERG-H70R group compared to control (APD 90 439.9 ± 15.3 ms vs. 363.7 ± 29.0ms, p =0.003, H70R: n=11, control: n=9, Temp 36 ± 1°C). Voltage clamp studies showed hERG-H70R hiPSC-CMs had a significantly smaller peak tail I Kr current density (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 2.9 ± 0.5 pA/pF, p &lt;0.001, H70R: n=11, control: n=7, Temp 36 ± 1°C). The voltage dependence of I Kr activation (V½ and k) were not affected by the mutation; however, the fast (τf) and slow (τs) deactivation time constants were significantly decreased in hERG-H70R hiPSC-CMs. Further, Western blot characterization revealed impaired trafficking of hERG-H70R channels relative to control. Conclusions: The LQT2 PAS domain variant hERG-H70R results in loss of function of I Kr by both reduced membrane trafficking and accelerated deactivation of hERG in a hiPSC-CMs model which informs therapeutic approaches.
Susceptibility of rubella among adolescents and adults in Hawaii
Authors: S. B. Halstead
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The presence of rubella hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody was determined for 590 adolescent and adult residents of Hawaii. The percentage of persons without detectable HI antibody at a 1:10 serum dilution (rubella susceptibles) varied on four different islands from 25% to 50%. Rubella susceptibility rates were significantly higher in Japanese than in white residents. In 175 students of the University of Hawaii with known residence histories, 81 had never left Hawaii; 61 (75%) of these were rubella susceptible. Only 19 of 64 students entering Hawaii as adolescents or adults were without HI antibody. Males had significantly lower susceptibility rates than females, 30% and 45% respectively. These data indicate that induction of artificial immunity in the Hawaiian population should be a priority public health goal.
Toxocariasis.
Authors: A W Woodruff
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Sydney Watson Smith, whose memory this lecture commemo- rates, had probably never heard of toxocariasis, and there are many of the profession today to whom the same observation would apply.It is proposed, therefore, to describe the tox- ocara parasite, to review the current knowledge concerning it, and to draw together and summarize some of the contributions my colleagues and I have been able to make to that knowledge.Of the relevance of the parasite to modem medi- cine there is little information, and an attempt will also be made to answer the question, What is its relevance to medi- cine today?As this lecture commemorates Sydney Watson Smith it is appropriate that it should be said that the subject would, it is thought, have interested-him.His interests as judged by his writings could be classed into diseases of the skin, selective infective disorders, and the effect of climate on health.He wrote on actinomycosis (Smith, 1938), rheumatism (Smith, 1925), wound diphtheria (Smith, 1931), and particularly about the outbreak of typhoid fever in Bournemouth in 1936 (Smith, 1936(Smith, , 1942a)).He was a keen observer, and his experience with typhoid stimulated his interest in the importance of fluid bal- ance in febrile states.He made observations on food and fluid in typhoid fever (Smith, 1937) and on hydration and dehydra- tion in health and disease (Smith, 1942b).He was an outward- looking man and led the British Medical Association on its first world tour-to Australia in 1935.His interest in infec- tions, particularly unusual ones, which came his way at home and overseas and the influence of climate on health could well have come together in toxocariasis had he been aware of it, for it is an infection which so far as man is concerned may be regarded as unusual or "new," having been recognized in man for only some 18 years.During this time, however, it has become clear that it is a not uncommon human infection, and, further, part of our work has shown that it is more common in certain warm climates than it is in Britain.The Parasite Why should we have become interested in Toxocara canis and its near relative Toxocara cati?The answer is that a patient was admitted to the medical unit at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases with proved T. canis infection, and this raised a number of questions which led to a series of planned investigations.This patient was reported (Woodruff, Ashton, and Stott, 1961; Woodruff and Thacker, 1964).In brief he was aged 5 and had had an eye removed for a suspected retinoblastoma.The tumour turned out to be a granuloma.and after considerable difficulty and after cutting some 100 sections a larva was found and identified as T. canis by Pro- fessor J. C. C. Buckley.The boy had never been away from Britain, and the question was therefore asked how he had become infected.What is the risk of acquiring such an infection
Bypass Grafting and Native Coronary Artery Disease Activity
Authors: Jacek Kwiecinski, Evangelos Tzolos, Alexander J. Fletcher, Jennifer Nash, Mohammed N. Meah, Sebastien Cadet, Philip D. Adamson, Kajetan Grodecki, Nikhil Joshi, Michelle C. Williams, Edwin J.R. van Beek, Chi Lai, Adriana A.S. Tavares, Mark G. MacAskill, Damini Dey, Andrew H. Baker, Jonathon Leipsic, Daniel S. Berman, Stephanie L. Sellers, David E. Newby, Marc R. Dweck, Piotr J. Slomka
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2022)
Autoencoding low-resolution MRI for semantically smooth interpolation of anisotropic MRI
Authors: Jörg Sander, Bob D. de Vos, Ivana Išgum
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)

High-resolution medical images are beneficial for analysis but their acquisition may not always be feasible. Alternatively, high-resolution images can be created from low-resolution acquisitions using conventional upsampling methods, but such methods cannot exploit high-level contextual information contained in the images. Recently, better performing deep-learning based super-resolution methods have been introduced. However, these methods are limited by their supervised character, i.e. they require high-resolution examples for training. Instead, we propose an unsupervised deep learning semantic interpolation approach that synthesizes new intermediate slices from encoded low-resolution examples. To achieve semantically smooth interpolation in through-plane direction, the method exploits the latent space generated by autoencoders. To generate new intermediate slices, latent space encodings of two spatially adjacent slices are combined using their convex combination. Subsequently, the combined encoding is decoded to an intermediate slice. To constrain the model, a notion of semantic similarity is defined for a given dataset. For this, a new loss is introduced that exploits the spatial relationship between slices of the same volume. During training, an existing in-between slice is generated using a convex combination of its neighboring slice encodings. The method was trained and evaluated using publicly available cardiac cine, neonatal brain and adult brain MRI scans. In all evaluations, the new method produces significantly better results in terms of Structural Similarity Index Measure and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (p< 0.001 using one-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test) than a cubic B-spline interpolation approach. Given the unsupervised nature of the method, high-resolution training data is not required and hence, the method can be readily applied in clinical settings.
Comparison of the medical costs between active surveillance and other treatment for early prostate cancer in Japan: From the data of PRIAS JAPAN study.
Authors: Takuma Kato, Mikio Sugimoto, Yoshiyuki Kakehi, Yoichiro Tohi, Ryuji Matsumoto, Nobuo Shinohara, Akira Yokomizo, Hiroshi Fukuhara, Koji Mitsuzuka, Hiroshi Sasaki, Shin Egawa, Junichi Inokuchi, Masatoshi Eto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

280 Background: As the number of prostate cancer patients increases, the cost of treatment is becoming an urgent issue. To compare the costs between active surveillance, robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP), Brachytherapy (BT), Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), and Androgen deprivation therapy(ADT). Methods: The costs of protocol biopsies in the first year of AS performed between January 2010 and June 2020, and the treatment costs of RALP, BT, and IMRT performed between May 2019 and June 2020 at Kagawa university hospital were analyzed. The cost of ADT was assumed to be the cost of the LH-RH analog over 5 years. The inpatient treatment cost for each treatment was calculated from our DPC data, and for IMRT, the treatment cost was calculated by the outpatient cost at the time of irradiation. AS-eligible patients were defined as less than 74 years old, less than T2, less than GS6, and less than two positive cores. We estimated the total number of AS-eligible patients in Japan based on the data of the J-CAP study and the data of cancer statistics in 2017 and estimated the total treatment cost of AS-eligible patients based on the data of treatment breakdown of T1/T2 patients in the J-CAP study. In addition, we used the data from PRIAS-JAPAN to calculate the AS continuation rate, protocol biopsy acceptance rate, and the breakdown of secondary treatments. We simulated the 5-year treatment cost for AS patients using the system. Results: The median treatment costs for AS (n = 45), RALP (n = 68), BT (n = 27), and IMRT (n = 44), and ADT were US$1.24 thousand, US$ 14.6 thousand, US$14.8 thousand, US$ 12.9 thousand, and US$8.16, respectively. The number of AS-eligible patients in Japan was estimated to be 5414, and the total cost of AS, RALP, BT, IMRT, HT, and ADT over 5 years was estimated to be US$3.07 million, US$34.8 million, US$8.46 million, US$11.09 million, and US$14.05 million, respectively. If 50% and 100% of the patients in each treatment group chose AS as their first treatment, the total cost of treatment would be reduced by US$18.6 million and US$38.5 million, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of AS will contribute to reducing the cost of prostate cancer treatment.
Editor's Note: EGFR Activation and Signaling in Cancer Cells Are Enhanced by the Membrane-Bound Metalloprotease MT4-MMP
Authors: Alexandra Paye, Alice Truong, Cassandre Yip, Jonathan Cimino, Silvia Blacher, Carine Munaut, Didier Cataldo, Jean Michel Foidart, Erik Maquoi, Joelle Collignon, Philippe Delvenne, Guy Jerusalem, Agnes Noèl, Nor Eddine Sounni
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

The editors are publishing this note to alert readers to concerns about this article (1). In Fig. 2, the actin loading control bands for cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 are identical–the authors clarified that the Western blots for cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 were performed on the same samples, however, this was not indicated in the figure legend. Additionally, in Fig. 6C, the p-EGFR bands in MDA-MB-231 cells showing stimulation by TGFα treatment are identical to the p-EGFR bands showing stimulation by EGF treatment. In the original submission of this manuscript, a correct version of this figure was used to show both TGFα and EGF could stimulate p-EGFR in control vector (CTR)– and MT4-MMP–expressing (MT4) MDA-MB-231 cells, but these panels were mistakenly duplicated in the revised and final versions of the manuscript.