tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cerebral oxygen metabolic stress is increased in children with sickle cell anemia compared to anemic controls
Authors: Melanie E. Fields, Amy E. Mirro, Michael M. Binkley, Kristin P. Guilliams, Josiah B. Lewis, Slim Fellah, Yasheng Chen, Monica L. Hulbert, Hongyu An, Andria L. Ford, Jin‐Moo Lee
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

Abstract Patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) experience cerebral metabolic stress with an increase in oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) to compensate for reduced oxygen carrying capacity due to anemia. It remains unclear if anemia alone drives this metabolic stress. Using MRI, we collected voxel‐wise OEF measurements to test our hypothesis that OEF would be elevated in anemic controls without SCA (AC) compared to healthy controls (HC), but OEF would be even higher in SCA compared to AC. Brain MRIs ( N = 159) were obtained in 120 participants (34 HC, 27 AC, 59 SCA). While hemoglobin was lower in AC versus HC ( p &lt; 0.001), hemoglobin was not different between AC and SCA cohorts ( p = 0.459). Whole brain OEF was higher in AC compared to HC ( p &lt; 0.001), but lower compared to SCA ( p = 0.001). Whole brain OEF remained significantly higher in SCA compared to HC ( p = 0.001) while there was no longer a difference between AC versus HC ( p = 0.935) in a multivariate model controlling for age and hemoglobin. OEF peaked within the border zone regions of the brain in both SCA and AC cohorts, but the volume of white matter with regionally elevated OEF in AC was smaller (1.8%) than SCA (58.0%). While infarcts colocalized within regions of elevated OEF, more SCA participants had infarcts than AC ( p &lt; 0.001). We conclude that children with SCA experience elevated OEF compared to AC and HC after controlling for the impact of anemia, suggesting that there are other pathophysiologic factors besides anemia contributing to cerebral metabolic stress in children with SCA.
Moderate-to-Severe Asthma: Clinical Features and Endotypes of Peruvian Pediatric Patients
Authors: Crhistian Toribio Dionicio, Cesar Galvan, Ricardo Munoz Leon, David Garcia Gomero, Maria Lopez Talledo, Edgar Matos Benavides, Dania Cubas Guzman, Wilmer Cordova Calderon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
TCT-757 Feasibility of Repeat Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) After SAPIEN 3 TAVR (TAV-in-TAV): A Pilot Angiographic Study
Authors: Syed Zaid, Eisha Gupta, Nish Patel, Hasan Ahmad, Asaad Khan, Joshua Goldberg, Jason Kovacic, Cenap Undemir, Steven Lansman, George Dangas, Samin Sharma, Annapoorna Kini, Gilbert Tang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
CATAPHORESIS.
Authors: HENRY W. GILLETT
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The primary facts upon which the present practice of cataphoresis are based were first discovered, nearly forty years ago, by Dr. B. W. Richardson. The development of practical results from these facts has been slow, but the past five or six years have added much to the general knowledge and application of them. The fact that the galvanic current does, under proper conditions, carry with it into the tissues of the body, fluids and the substances they may hold in solution, is now sufficiently well known and accepted. The practical realization and use of this fact has not been general for numerous reasons, but now that the principles of the process are becoming more widely understood, it seems quite probable that some of the most important applications of this method of medication will be in the treatment of the oral tissues. The dentine of the human tooth, which, for generations,
Clinical Prediction Rules
Authors: John H. Wasson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The objective of clinical prediction rules (decision rules) is to reduce the uncertainty inherent in medical practice by defining how to use clinical findings to make predictions.<sup>1</sup>A decade ago, we assessed the quality of clinical prediction rules published from 1981 through 1984 in four major medical journals. Since then the availability of powerful computers and easy-to-use software programs has increased dramatically. This environment has stimulated the production of clinical prediction rules. During the last calendar year,<i>JAMA</i>published more clinical prediction rules than it did during the 4-year period covered by our original review. In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Stiell et al<sup>2</sup>demonstrate a method for targeting use of knee radiographs in acute knee injuries by applying five clinical predictors of knee fractures. When the prevalence of fracture is 6%, the probability of a clinically important fracture is estimated to be less than 0.4%, if these
Mediation of the parental education gradient in early adult mortality by childhood adversity: a population-based cohort study of more than 1 million children
Authors: Leonie K Elsenburg, Andreas Rieckmann, Tri-Long Nguyen, Jessica Bengtsson, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen, David Taylor-Robinson, Theis Lange, Naja Hulvej Rod
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

BackgroundChildren born into disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances are more likely to experience both adversity during childhood and premature mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate how much of the parental education gradient in early adult mortality is explained by exposure to childhood adversity.MethodsWe used data from the nationwide register-based Danish Life Course cohort study. Our sample consisted of all individuals born between Jan 1, 1980, and Dec 31, 2001, who did not emigrate or die before age 16 years, and for whom information on parental education level was available. These individuals were followed up for mortality from age 16 years until Dec 31, 2018. Highest attained parental education level at birth was divided into low (≤9 years), medium (10–12 years), and high (>12 years) according to years in education. Individuals were assigned to one of five childhood adversity trajectory groups based on their annual exposure between age 0 and 16 years to a broad selection of adversities in three dimensions: material deprivation, loss or threat of loss in the family, and family dynamics. Childhood abuse was not included. The association between parental education level and mortality was assessed with a Cox proportional hazards model. To assess the magnitude of mediation of this association by childhood adversity, we used counterfactual mediation analysis and an Aalen additive hazards model. Analyses were unadjusted and adjusted for parental origin and parental ages at birth.FindingsOur sample consisted of 1 278 156 individuals followed up from birth until age 16–38 years. The sample comprised 655 633 (51·3%) men and 622 523 (48·7%) women, and 1 243 981 (97·3%) participants were of European descent. During follow-up, 5387 deaths were registered. Compared with the high parental education group, we calculated a total effect equal to 8·7 additional deaths (95% CI 6·6–10·9) per 100 000 person-years in the medium parental education group and 31·9 (28·5 to 35·2) per 100 000 person-years in the low parental education group. Mediation through childhood adversity trajectories accounted for 41·5% (95% CI 8·0–67·5) of the additional deaths in the medium parental education group and 46·4% (32·9–58·8) of the additional deaths in the low parental education group. The results were similar when adjusting the analyses for sociodemographic factors.InterpretationThe experience of childhood adversity seems to be an important mediator of the association between parental education and mortality in early adulthood. Interventions reducing the exposure to childhood adversity might thus reduce the parental education gradient in early adult mortality.FundingNetherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development.
Preterm Labor
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Infants born after a premature labor and weighing less than 1,500 g account for 65% of neonatal mortality. The devastation of preterm labor is not limited to death, since the incidence of neurological damage to the survivors varies between 30% and 50%. The magnitude of the problem has stimulated intense study and progress in an attempt at its understanding and management. This book is a multiauthored international effort at putting together our present knowledge of preterm labor. Each chapter is concise and generally well written, although, as might be expected in such an effort, there is some unevenness. What is particularly commendable is an evenhanded expression of controversy with respect, for example, to the use of corticosteroids in prevention of respiratory distress syndrome, with appropriate marshaling of evidence. There is a particularly good chapter on the case for nonintervention in preterm labor, and an excellent one on the use of
Radiomics-derived morphological features predict pulmonary function response during lumacaftor/ivacaftor therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bin Zhang, Shuixing Zhang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>Morphological features from chest CT show potential for predicting pulmonary function response during lumacaftor–ivacaftor therapy in cystic fibrosis, but improvements could be made in radiomic workflows and in controlling confounding factors at baseline</b>https://bit.ly/3IJKiDQ
Kidney health for all: bridging the gap in kidney health education and literacy
Authors: Robyn G. Langham, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Ann Bonner, Alessandro Balducci, Li-Li Hsiao, Latha A. Kumaraswami, Paul Laffin, Vassilios Liakopoulos, Gamal Saadi, Ekamol Tantisattamo, Ifeoma Ulasi, Siu-Fai Lui, Robyn G. Langham, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Alessandro Balducci, Li-Li Hsiao, Latha Kumaraswami, Paul Laffin, Vassilios Liakopoulos, Gamal Saadi, Ifeoma Ulasi, Siu-Fai Lui
Journal: Kidney International (2022)

The high burden of kidney disease, global disparities in kidney care, and poor outcomes of kidney failure bring a concomitant growing burden to persons affected, their families, and carers, and the community at large. Health literacy is the degree to which persons and organizations have or equitably enable individuals to have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to make informed health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others. Rather than viewing health literacy as a patient deficit, improving health literacy largely rests with health care providers communicating and educating effectively in codesigned partnership with those with kidney disease. For kidney policy makers, health literacy provides the imperative to shift organizations to a culture that places the person at the center of health care. The growing capability of and access to technology provides new opportunities to enhance education and awareness of kidney disease for all stakeholders. Advances in telecommunication, including social media platforms, can be leveraged to enhance persons' and providers' education; The World Kidney Day declares 2022 as the year of "Kidney Health for All" to promote global teamwork in advancing strategies in bridging the gap in kidney health education and literacy. Kidney organizations should work toward shifting the patient-deficit health literacy narrative to that of being the responsibility of health care providers and health policy makers. By engaging in and supporting kidney health-centered policy making, community health planning, and health literacy approaches for all, the kidney communities strive to prevent kidney diseases and enable living well with kidney disease.
Biological mechanisms underlying complications related to implant site preparation
Authors: Georgios A. Kotsakis, Georgios E. Romanos
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)

Abstract Implant site preparation is a critical stage of implant surgery that may underpin various complications related to implant surgery. This review discusses the latest available scientific information on risk factors related to implant site preparation. The role of the drilling process in relation to the density of the available alveolar bone, the effects of insertion torque on peri‐implant osseous healing, and implant‐related variables such as macrodesign and implant‐abutment connection are all factors that can influence implant success. Novel information that links osteotomy characteristics (including methods to improve implant initial stability, the impact of drilling speed, and increase of the implant insertion torque modifying the bone‐implant interface) with the appropriate instrumentation techniques will be discussed, as well as interactions at the bone‐biomaterial interface that may lead to biologic complications mediated by implant dissolution products.
Phase I/II Trial of Enzalutamide and Mifepristone, a Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist, for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Anthony V. Serritella, Daniel Shevrin, Elisabeth I. Heath, James L. Wade, Elia Martinez, Amanda Anderson, Joseph Schonhoft, Yen-Lin Chu, Theodore Karrison, Walter M. Stadler, Russell Z. Szmulewitz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors are effective in metastatic prostate cancer, resistance occurs in most patients. This phase I/II trial assessed the safety, pharmacokinetic impact, and efficacy of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone in combination with enzalutamide for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Patients and Methods: One hundred and six patients with CRPC were accrued. Phase I subjects were treated with enzalutamide monotherapy at 160 mg per day for 28 days to allow steady-state accumulation. Patients then entered the dose escalation combination portion of the study. In phase II, patients were randomized 1:1 to either receive enzalutamide alone or enzalutamide plus mifepristone. The primary endpoint was PSA progression-free survival (PFS), with radiographic PFS, and PSA response rate (RR) as key secondary endpoints. Circulating tumor cells were collected before randomization for exploratory translational biomarker studies. Results: We determined a 25% dose reduction in enzalutamide, when added to mifepristone, resulted in equivalent drug levels compared with full-dose enzalutamide and was well tolerated. However, the addition of mifepristone to enzalutamide following a 12-week enzalutamide lead-in did not delay time to PSA, radiographic or clinical PFS. The trial was terminated early due to futility. Conclusions: This is the first prospective trial of dual AR–GR antagonism in CRPC. Enzalutamide combined with mifepristone was safe and well tolerated but did not meet its primary endpoint. The development of more specific GR antagonists combined with AR antagonists, potentially studied in an earlier disease state, should be explored.
THE ATLANTA MEETING.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

As usual, theJournalof theAssociationwill manage an official train from Chicago to Atlanta direct without change of cars. Every convenience will be furnished, and it is expected that the train will leave Chicago on Sunday afternoon, May 3, arriving in Atlanta Monday at 4 p. m. We hope all of our members from the West and Northwest who desire to attend the meeting, will make arrangements to concentrate onJournaltrain at Chicago. The President, Trustees and several members of the Business Committee will be on this train. The Secretary of theAssociation, Dr. Atkinson, has already made application to the various railroads for the usual reduction in rate of fare, which will be applicable all over the United States. The large increase in membership of theAssociationshould make this an easy task for the permanent secretary. Section officers will facilitate the preparation of the program
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical dysplasia in adult female cystic fibrosis (CF) lung transplant recipients
Authors: Christina Thornton, Ranjani Somayaji, Angel Chu, Michael D Parkins
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the principal risk factor for cervical cancer. Transplant recipients are at a disproportionate risk of HPV complications. We conducted a single-centre, retrospective study of adult female cystic fibrosis (CF) lung transplant recipients between 2008 and 2021. We observed 12 of 34 (35.3%) with ≥1 abnormal pap smear (median age: 26.7 years). Complications included refractory anogenital warts (n=3), vulvectomy (n=2) and cervical cancer (n=4), with two deaths from metastatic disease. None with HPV morbidity was vaccinated. Lung transplant recipients had greater odds of cervical dysplasia relative to controls (OR, 3.98; 95% CI 1.17 to 11.82). CF care providers must prioritise HPV vaccination to attenuate potential future morbidity and mortality.
Vitamin Abuse
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1977)

When Casimir Funk introduced the term "vitamine" in 1913 (later to be changed to "vitamin"), he may have made an unfortunate choice.<i>Vita</i>, Latin for life, has a charismatic sound. It suggests vitality, élan vital, a vital force. To this charisma can in part be attributed the popularity of vitamins, which are consumed in excessive amounts not only when they may be of some benefit, but also when they are utterly useless. Massive doses of vitamin A for osteoarthritis and neuropsychiatric disorders, of vitamin D for osteoporosis, of vitamin C for prevention of colds and influenza, of vitamin B1 for "neuritis", of vitamin E for sterility and coronary heart disease, and of the pseudovitamin B<sub>17</sub>(laetrile) for cancer are all conspicuous examples of vitamin therapy misuse. It may be argued, of course, that misuse is not necessarily abuse. It may be said that megavitamin therapy is a reassuring placebo,
Hypertriglyceridemia in the MESA Study—Reply
Authors: Jaideep Patel, Roger S. Blumenthal, Mahmoud Al Rifai
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Regression of colorectal adenomas with intravenous chemotherapy in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: P. T. Silberstein, D. Jones, C. Ternent, H. Lynch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

1021 Background Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomally dominant disease. This is a case of a 45 year old woman with FAP and colorectal cancer who showed marked regression of polyps after intravenous chemotherapy. Methods Using PubMed and MEDLINE we searched all citations in English available from 1966 to the present. Search terms included polyps, regression, chemotherapy, colorectal adenomas, and polyposis. Results The patient's colonoscopy in June 2002 revealed hundreds of colorectal adenomas throughout her colon. In June 2002, she had a left hemicolectomy and an liver biopsy. The pathology showed tubular adenomas with metastatic disease in the pericolonic lymph nodes and liver (Stage IV, T3N1M1). Her APC gene test was positive in April 2003. From 9/30/02 to 4/8/03 the patient received 5 cycles of bolus 5-FU, leucovorin, and irinotecan. A colonoscopy on 2/3/03 demonstrated reduced number and size of polyps compared to her prior colonoscopy. Ultrasounds of the liver on 9/25/02 and 11/5/02 showed significant reduction in the liver lesions. From 4/30/03 to 10/30/03 she received 9 cycles of infusional 5-FU, bolus 5-FU, leucovorin, and irinotecan. Her last colonoscopy on 10/8/03 showed only four 3-mm polyps.Photographs were taken at all colonoscopies documenting the marked reduction in the number and size of the polyps. Conclusion Many reports have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as celecoxib and sulindac attenuate the growth of polyps. There have been two published studies reporting the use of local chemotherapy (suppository 5-FU) for post-operative control of adenomas in the retained rectum in familial polyposis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of intravenous chemotherapy causing the remission of colonic polyps. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Delayed-interval BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination enhances humoral immunity and induces robust T cell responses
Authors: Victoria G. Hall, Victor H. Ferreira, Heidi Wood, Matthew Ierullo, Beata Majchrzak-Kita, Kathy Manguiat, Alyssia Robinson, Vathany Kulasingam, Atul Humar, Deepali Kumar
Journal: Nature Immunology (2022)
Endothelin
Authors: Anthony P. Davenport, Kelly A. Hyndman, Neeraj Dhaun, Christopher Southan, Donald E. Kohan, Jennifer S. Pollock, David M. Pollock, David J. Webb, Janet J. Maguire
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2016)

The endothelins comprise three structurally similar 21-amino acid peptides. Endothelin-1 and -2 activate two G-protein coupled receptors, ETA and ETB, with equal affinity, whereas endothelin-3 has a lower affinity for the ETA subtype. Genes encoding the peptides are present only among vertebrates. The ligand-receptor signaling pathway is a vertebrate innovation and may reflect the evolution of endothelin-1 as the most potent vasoconstrictor in the human cardiovascular system with remarkably long lasting action. Highly selective peptide ETA and ETB antagonists and ETB agonists together with radiolabeled analogs have accurately delineated endothelin pharmacology in humans and animal models, although surprisingly no ETA agonist has been discovered. ET antagonists (bosentan, ambrisentan) have revolutionized the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, with the next generation of antagonists exhibiting improved efficacy (macitentan). Clinical trials continue to explore new applications, particularly in renal failure and for reducing proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. Translational studies suggest a potential benefit of ETB agonists in chemotherapy and neuroprotection. However, demonstrating clinical efficacy of combined inhibitors of the endothelin converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase has proved elusive. Over 28 genetic modifications have been made to the ET system in mice through global or cell-specific knockouts, knock ins, or alterations in gene expression of endothelin ligands or their target receptors. These studies have identified key roles for the endothelin isoforms and new therapeutic targets in development, fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, and cardiovascular and neuronal function. For the future, novel pharmacological strategies are emerging via small molecule epigenetic modulators, biologicals such as ETB monoclonal antibodies and the potential of signaling pathway biased agonists and antagonists.