tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing in Managing Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Moscho Michalopoulou, Anne E. Ferrey, Georgina Harmer, Lucy Goddard, Maryam Kebbe, Annika Theodoulou, Susan A. Jebb, Paul Aveyard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Motivational interviewing (MI) is potentially useful in management of overweight and obesity, but staff training and increased delivery time are barriers, and its effectiveness independent of other behavioral components is unclear.To assess the independent contribution of MI as part of a behavioral weight management program (BWMP) in controlling weight and improving psychological well-being.6 electronic databases and 2 trial registries, searched from database inception through 24 September 2021.Randomized controlled trials in adults or adolescents aimed at weight loss or maintenance and comparing programs incorporating MI versus interventions without MI.Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Outcomes included weight, anxiety, depression, quality of life, and other aspects of psychological well-being. Pooled mean differences or standardized mean differences were obtained using random- and fixed-effects meta-analyses.Forty-six studies involving 11 077 participants, predominantly with obesity, were included. At 6 months, BWMPs using MI were more effective than no/minimal intervention (-0.88 [95% CI, -1.27 to -0.48] kg; I2 = 0%) but were not statistically significantly more effective than lower-intensity (-0.88 [CI, -2.39 to 0.62] kg; I2 = 55.8%) or similar-intensity (-1.36 [CI, -2.80 to 0.07] kg; I2 = 18.8%) BWMPs. At 1 year, data were too sparse to pool comparisons with no/minimal intervention, but MI did not produce statistically significantly greater weight change compared with lower-intensity (-1.16 [CI, -2.49 to 0.17] kg; I2 = 88.7%) or similar-intensity (-0.18 [CI, -2.40 to 2.04] kg; I2 = 72.7%) BWMPs without MI. Studies with 18-month follow-up were also sparse; MI did not produce statistically significant benefit in any of the comparator categories. There was no evidence of subgroup differences based on study, participant, or intervention characteristics. Too few studies assessed effects on psychological well-being to pool, but data did not suggest that MI was independently effective.High statistical heterogeneity among studies, largely unexplained by sensitivity and subgroup analyses; stratification by comparator intensity and follow-up duration resulted in pooling of few studies.There is no evidence that MI increases effectiveness of BWMPs in controlling weight. Given the intensive training required for its delivery, MI may not be a worthwhile addition to BWMPs.National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre. (PROSPERO: CRD42020177259).
TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IS SAFE IN PATIENTS WITH ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Stanley Wolfe, Nathaniel B. Langer, Sandeep S. Hedgire, Jonathon J. Passeri, Evin Yucel, Jacob Dal-Bianco, Ignacio Inglessis-Azuaje, Dhaval S. Kolte, Nilay K. Patel, Eriberto Michel, Rahul Sakhuja, Sammy Elmariah, Arminder S. Jassar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF EDOXABAN IN FRAIL PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A SUB-ANALYSIS OF THE ELDERCARE-AF TRIAL
Authors: Shintaro Akashi, Mitsutoshi Oguri, Eiichiro Ikeno, Mamoru Manita, Junki Taura, Saori Watanabe, Takuya Hayashi, Masaharu Akao, Ken Okumura, Masahiro Akishita, Takeshi Yamashita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Polysubstance Exposure During Pregnancy and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring—Methodological Challenges and Opportunities for Future Research
Authors: Angela Lupattelli, Nhung T. H. Trinh
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Henri M. Garrison-Desany, MSPH; Xiumei Hong, MD, PhD; Brion S. Maher, PhD; Terri H. Beaty, PhD; Guoying Wang, MD, PhD; Colleen Pearson, BA; Liming Liang, PhD; Xiaobin Wang, MD, MPH, ScD; Christine Ladd-Acosta, PhD
Omission in Funding
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Michael E. Matheny, MD, MPH, MS; Iben Ricket, MPH; Christine A. Goodrich, MS; Rashmee U. Shah, MD, MS; Meagan E. Stabler, PhD; Amy M. Perkins, MS; Chad Dorn, MS; Jason Denton, MS; Bruce E. Bray, MD; Ram Gouripeddi, MS, MBBS; John Higgins, MS; Wendy W. Chapman, PhD; Todd A. MacKenzie, PhD; Jeremiah R. Brown, PhD
Epidemiology and treatment of patients with Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in Germany—A claims data study
Authors: Alexandra Starry, Fraence Hardtstock, Thomas Wilke, Julia Weihing, Bernhard Ultsch, Martin Wernitz, Marius Renninger, Ulf Maywald, Oliver Pfaar
Journal: Allergy (2022)

There are different levels of severity among patients who suffer from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). In this study, the epidemiology of CRSwNP and severe CRswNP was estimated.A retrospective claim data analysis was conducted on adult CRSwNP patients (ICD-10: J33), and those classified as severe CRSwNP patients with inadequate disease control (based upon combinations of previous and current treatments) between 2015 and 2019. Prevalence and incidence figures were calculated and extrapolated to the German population. In addition, baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes were analysed.Overall, the 5-year prevalence of adult CRSwNP cases from 2015 to 2019 in Germany was 374,115 cases (about 5500 per million), with 12,989 (about 200 per million) patients being classified as severe CRSwNP with inadequate disease control, whereas 267,880 (about 3900 per million) patients were identified as having an incident CRSwNP diagnosis between 2016 and 2019. From the incident CRSwNP cohort, 80.55% had received at least one intranasal corticosteroid (INCS), 24.27% received at least 1 systemic corticosteroid (SCS), and 17.33% received at least one functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) within 12 months after their incident diagnosis.Severe CRSwNP with inadequate disease control affects about 200 per million people in Germany. INCS is the first-choice treatment for most CRSwNP patients; however, for patients with severe CRSwNP, SCS are prescribed more frequently and long-term effects of these should be further investigated, especially if despite treatment, adequate disease control cannot be achieved.
COMPARING THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS AND STANDARD OF CARE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER SUCCESSFUL TRANSCATHETER AORTIC-VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Igor Vaz, Apoorva Tangri, Carlos Ceron, Harpreet Singh, Fiorella Llanos-Chea, Herschl B. Silberman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Publishing fast and slow: A path toward generalizability in psychology and AI
Authors: Andrew K. Lampinen, Stephanie C. Y. Chan, Adam Santoro, Felix Hill
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) shares many generalizability challenges with psychology. But the fields publish differently. AI publishes fast, through rapid preprint sharing and conference publications. Psychology publishes more slowly, but creates integrative reviews and meta-analyses. We discuss the complementary advantages of each strategy, and suggest that incorporating both types of strategies could lead to more generalizable research in both fields.
Solamargine induces hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis and autophagy via inhibiting LIF/miR-192-5p/CYR61/Akt signaling pathways and eliciting immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment
Authors: Shuangshuang Yin, Wenke Jin, Yuling Qiu, Leilei Fu, Tao Wang, Haiyang Yu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is well-known to be a highly prevalent malignant tumor, but the treatment of this pathological state has been still challenging. Solamargine (SM), a traditional Chinese herb-derived compound, has been widely reported to possess multiple antitumor properties. However, whether SM plays a vital role in HCC therapy and how it exerts an antitumor effect remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we demonstrated that SM inhibited the proliferation of HCC and effectively induced HCC cell apoptosis and autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the oncogenic factor LIF was aberrantly elevated in HCC tissues and down-regulated by SM in HCC cells, as well as subsequently the overexpression of LIF could restore the anti-HCC effects of SM via miR-192-5p/CYR61/Akt signaling pathways. Additionally, SM could repolarize tumor associated macrophages by LIF/p-Stat3 to inhibit the growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HCC, and simultaneously affected other immune cell populations in the immune (tumor) microenvironment by regulating macrophages, such as MDSCs, DCs and T cell populations. Together, these findings exploit the potential use of SM against HCC and shed light on exploring SM as a potent candidate drug for the future HCC therapeutics.
Abstract P5-04-03: Prolactin drives a dynamic STAT5A/HDAC6/HMGN2 <i>cis</i>-regulatory landscape exploitable in ER+ breast cancer
Authors: Charles V Clevenger, Tia Turner, Chuck Harrell, Justin Craig
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract The hormone, prolactin, has been implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis and regulates chromatin engagement by the transcription factor, STAT5A. STAT5A is known to inducibly bind promoters and cis-regulatory elements genome wide, though the mechanisms by which it exerts specificity and regulation of target gene expression remain enigmatic. We previously identified HDAC6 and HMGN2 as cofactors that facilitate prolactin induced, STAT5A mediated gene expression. Here, multi-condition STAT5A, HDAC6, and HMGN2 ChIP-seq with parallel condition RNA-seq are utilized to reveal the cis-regulatory landscape and cofactor dynamics underlying prolactin stimulated gene expression in breast cancer. We find that prolactin regulated genes are significantly enriched for cis-regulatory elements bound by HDAC6 and HMGN2, and that inducible STAT5A binding at enhancers, rather than promoters, conveys specificity for prolactin regulated genes. The selective HDAC6 inhibitor, ACY-241, blocks prolactin induced STAT5A chromatin engagement at cis-regulatory elements as well as a significant proportion of prolactin stimulated gene expression. We identify functional pathways known to contribute to the development and/or progression of breast cancer that are activated by prolactin and inhibited by ACY-241. Additionally, we find that the DNA sequences underlying shared STAT5A and HDAC6 binding-sites at enhancers are differentially enriched for estrogen response elements (ESR1 and ESR2 motifs) relative to enhancers bound by STAT5A alone. Gene set enrichment analysis identifies significant overlap of ERα regulated genes with genes regulated by prolactin, particularly prolactin regulated genes with promoters or enhancers co-occupied by both STAT5A and HDAC6. Lastly, the therapeutic efficacy of ACY-241 is demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models, where we identify synergistic ACY-241 drug combinations and observe differential sensitivity of ER+ models relative to ER- models. Citation Format: Charles V Clevenger, Tia Turner, Chuck Harrell, Justin Craig. Prolactin drives a dynamic STAT5A/HDAC6/HMGN2 cis-regulatory landscape exploitable in ER+ breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-04-03.
Correction to Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8: e134–42
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

Mogire RM, Mutua A, Kimita W, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8: e134–42—In this Article, some data were misclassified by subgroup in the meta-analysis and an article from the Seychelles (Laird et al, 2017) was omitted from the meta-analysis. The estimates for the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and mean vitamin D concentration have been adjusted as a result of these corrections, but the changes had no effect on the conclusions of the study.
International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXII: Adenosine Receptors: A Further Update
Authors: Adriaan P. IJzerman, Kenneth A. Jacobson, Christa E. Müller, Bruce N. Cronstein, Rodrigo A. Cunha
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2022)

Our previous International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology report on the nomenclature and classification of adenosine receptors (2011) contained a number of emerging developments with respect to this G protein-coupled receptor subfamily, including protein structure, protein oligomerization, protein diversity, and allosteric modulation by small molecules. Since then, a wealth of new data and results has been added, allowing us to explore novel concepts such as target binding kinetics and biased signaling of adenosine receptors, to examine a multitude of receptor structures and novel ligands, to gauge new pharmacology, and to evaluate clinical trials with adenosine receptor ligands. This review should therefore be considered a further update of our previous reports from 2001 and 2011. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> Adenosine receptors (ARs) are of continuing interest for future treatment of chronic and acute disease conditions, including inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative afflictions, and cancer. The design of AR agonists ("biased" or not) and antagonists is largely structure based now, thanks to the tremendous progress in AR structural biology. The A<sub>2A</sub>- and A<sub>2B</sub>AR appear to modulate the immune response in tumor biology. Many clinical trials for this indication are ongoing, whereas an A<sub>2A</sub>AR antagonist (istradefylline) has been approved as an anti-Parkinson agent.
Abstract P3-06-07: Glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPX8) as a novel therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Anees Khatib
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) accounts about 15% of the breast cancer incidence worldwide. While molecular subtypes which express estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ERBB2) are favorable, TNBC is more associated with patient poor prognosis. GPX8 is a poorly characterized enzyme that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, is an essential regulator of tumor aggressiveness. We found that GPX8 expression was induced by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Moreover, in breast cancer patients, GPX8 expression significantly correlated with known mesenchymal markers and poor prognosis. Strikingly, GPX8 knockout in TNBC mesenchymal-like cells (MDA-MB-231) resulted in an epithelial-like morphology, down-regulation of EMT characteristics, and loss of cancer stemness features. In addition, GPX8 knockout significantly delayed tumor initiation and decreased its growth rate in mice. We found that these GPX8 loss-dependent phenotypes were accompanied by the repression of crucial autocrine factors, in particular, interleukin-6 (IL-6). In these cells, IL-6 bound to the soluble receptor (sIL6R), stimulating the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway by IL-6 trans-signaling mechanisms, so promoting cancer aggressiveness. We observed that in GPX8 knockout cells, this signaling mechanism was impaired as sIL6R failed to activate the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Altogether, we present the GPX8/IL-6/STAT3 axis as a metabolic-inflammatory pathway that acts as a robust regulator of breast cancer cell aggressiveness. These findings motivated us to suggest GPX8 as a novel therapeutic target in TNBC. Citation Format: Anees Khatib. Glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPX8) as a novel therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-07.
A Blood-Based Biomarker of Cognitive Decline and Interaction With Lifestyle
Authors: Joel Simrén, Deborah R. Gustafson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Pankaja Desai, PhD; Klodian Dhana, MD, PhD; Charles DeCarli, MD; Robert S. Wilson, PhD; Elizabeth A. McAninch, MD; Denis A. Evans, MD; Kumar B. Rajan, PhD
Integrin α5 Is Regulated by miR-218-5p in Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Jialing Liu, Yi Li, Lingna Lyu, Liang Xiao, Aliza A. Memon, Xin Yu, Arvin Halim, Shivani Patel, Abdikheyre Osman, Wenqing Yin, Jie Jiang, Said Naini, Kenneth Lim, Aifeng Zhang, Jonathan D. Williams, Ruth Koester, Kevin Z. Qi, Quynh-Anh Fucci, Lai Ding, Steven Chang, Ankit Patel, Yutaro Mori, Advika Chaudhari, Aaron Bao, Jia Liu, Tzong-Shi Lu, Andrew Siedlecki
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2022)

Significance Statement Kidney endothelial cells are sensitive to hypoxic injury. This cell type expresses integrin α 5 (ITGA5), which is essential to the Tie2 signaling cascade. The microRNA miR-218 is known to increase after hypoxia, but the microRNA’s role in regulating ITGA5 protein synthesis is unclear. In this study, the authors found that miR-218-5p specifically binds to ITGA5 mRNA in human kidney-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In an animal model of ischemia/reperfusion injury, cells pretreated with an miR-218-5p mimic were delivered efficiently, whereas an animal model containing an miR-218-2 deletion specific to angioblasts resulted in kidney dysgenesis and impaired migration of mouse kidney-derived EPCs. Understanding the regulation of prominent signaling pathways in EPCs may inform optimization of therapeutic techniques for addressing kidney endothelial cell injury. Background Endothelial cell injury is a common nidus of renal injury in patients and consistent with the high prevalence of AKI reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This cell type expresses integrin α 5 (ITGA5), which is essential to the Tie2 signaling pathway. The microRNA miR-218-5p is upregulated in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) after hypoxia, but microRNA regulation of Tie2 in the EPC lineage is unclear. Methods We isolated human kidney-derived EPCs (hkEPCs) and surveyed microRNA target transcripts. A preclinical model of ischemic kidney injury was used to evaluate the effect of hkEPCs on capillary repair. We used a genetic knockout model to evaluate the effect of deleting endogenous expression of miR-218 specifically in angioblasts. Results After ischemic in vitro preconditioning, miR-218-5p was elevated in hkEPCs. We found miR-218-5p bound to ITGA5 mRNA transcript and decreased ITGA5 protein expression. Phosphorylation of 42/44 MAPK decreased by 73.6% in hkEPCs treated with miR-218-5p. Cells supplemented with miR-218-5p downregulated ITGA5 synthesis and decreased 42/44 MAPK phosphorylation. In a CD309-Cre/miR-218-2-LoxP mammalian model (a conditional knockout mouse model designed to delete pre-miR-218-2 exclusively in CD309 + cells), homozygotes at e18.5 contained avascular glomeruli, whereas heterozygote adults showed susceptibility to kidney injury. Isolated EPCs from the mouse kidney contained high amounts of ITGA5 and showed decreased migratory capacity in three-dimensional cell culture. Conclusions These results demonstrate the critical regulatory role of miR-218-5p in kidney EPC migration, a finding that may inform efforts to treat microvascular kidney injury via therapeutic cell delivery.
Cancer’s Lasting Financial Burden: Evidence From a Longitudinal Assessment
Authors: Ya-Chen Tina Shih, Kelsey M Owsley, Lauren Hersch Nicholas, K Robin Yabroff, Cathy J Bradley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to conduct a longitudinal analysis of out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) trajectories for the assessment of cancer’s lasting financial impact. Methods We identified newly diagnosed cancer patients and constructed matched control group of noncancer participants from the 2002-2018 Health and Retirement Study. Outcomes included monthly OOPE for prescription drugs (RX-OOPE_MONTHLY) and OOPE for medical services other than drugs in the past 2 years (non–RX-OOPE_2YR), consumer debt, and new individual retirement account (IRA) withdrawals. Generalized linear models were used to compare OOPEs between cancer and matched control groups. Logistic regressions were used to compare household-level consumer debt or early IRA withdrawal. Subgroup analysis stratified patients by age, health status, and household income, with the low-income group stratified by Medicaid coverage. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Results The study cohort included 2022 cancer patients and 10 110 participants in the matched noncancer control group. Mean non–RX-OOPE_2YR of cancer patients was similar to that of participants in the matched control group before diagnosis but statistically significantly higher at diagnosis ($1157, P &amp;lt; .001), 2 ($511, P &amp;lt; .001) years, 4 ($360, P = .006) years, and 6 ($430, P = .01) years after diagnosis. A similar pattern was observed in RX-OOPE_MONTHLY. A statistically significantly higher proportion of cancer patients incurred consumer debt at diagnosis (34.5% vs 29.9%; P &amp;lt; .001) and 2 years after (32.5% vs 28.2%; P = .002). There was no statistically significant difference in new IRA withdrawals. Patients experienced lasting financial consequences following cancer diagnosis that were most pronounced among patients aged 65 years and older, in good-to-excellent health at baseline, and with low income, but without Medicaid coverage. Conclusions Policies to reduce costs and expand insurance coverage options while reducing cost-sharing are needed.
PREDICTIVE ABILITIES OF COMMON RISK SCORES FOR PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING EARLY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Ayman Haq, Ali Aldujeli, Anas Hamadeh, Paulina Simaityte, Auguste Stalmokaite, Laurynas Maciulevicius, Inesa Navickaite, Elge Labanauskaite, Montazar Aldujeili, Gediminas Jarusevicius, Ramunas Unikas, Diana Zaliaduonyte, Kristen M. Tecson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Pregnancy and post-partum tuberculosis; a nationwide register-based case–control study, Denmark, 1990 to 2018
Authors: Anne Christine Nordholm, Camilla Hiul Suppli, Anders Norman, Claus Thorn Ekstrøm, Pia Ertberg, Anders Koch, Troels Lillebaek, Aase Bengaard Andersen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

BackgroundPregnancy increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB), however, data on TB epidemiology in pregnant women are limited.AimTo guide possible interventions, we analysed risk factors for TB in pregnant and post-partum women.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide retrospective register-based case-control study from January 1990 to December 2018 in Denmark. Cases were women diagnosed with TB during their pregnancy or in the post-partum period. We selected two control groups: pregnant or post-partum women without TB, and non-pregnant women with TB. Differences were assessed by chi-squared or Fisher's exact test. Risk factors for TB were identified through logistic regression and estimated by odds ratio (OR).ResultsWe identified 392 cases, including 286 pregnant and 106 post-partum women. Most were migrants (n = 366; 93%) with a shorter median time spent in Denmark (2.74 years; interquartile range (IQR): 1.52-4.64) than non-pregnant TB controls (3.98 years; IQR: 1.43-8.51). Cases less likely had a Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 2compared with non-pregnant TB controls (p < 0.0001), and had no increased risk of severe disease (p = 0.847). Migrants from other World Health Organization regions than Europe, especially Africa (OR: 187; 95%CI: 125-281) had persistently higher odds of TB.ConclusionsIn Denmark, the risk of TB in pregnant and post-partum women is increased in migrant women who have stayed in the country a median time of approximately 3 years. We recommend increased focus on TB risk during pregnancy and suggest evaluating targeted TB screening of selected at-risk pregnant women to promote early case finding and prevent TB among mothers and their newborn children.