tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immune adverse events (irAEs) with adjuvant ipilimumab in melanoma, use of immunosuppressants and association with outcome: ECOG-ACRIN E1609 study analysis
Authors: Ahmad A Tarhini, Ni Kang, Sandra J Lee, F Stephen Hodi, Gary I Cohen, Omid Hamid, Laura F Hutchins, Jeffrey A Sosman, Harriet M Kluger, Zeynep Eroglu, Henry B Koon, Donald P Lawrence, Kari L Kendra, David R Minor, Carrie B Lee, Mark R Albertini, Lawrence E Flaherty, Teresa M Petrella, Howard Streicher, Vernon K Sondak, John M Kirkwood
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background The impact of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurring from adjuvant use of immunotherapy and of their management on relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes is currently not well understood. Patients and methods E1609 enrolled 1673 patients with resected high-risk melanoma and evaluated adjuvant ipilimumab 3 mg/kg (ipi3) and 10 mg/kg (ipi10) versus interferon-α. We investigated the association of irAEs and of use of immunosuppressants with RFS and OS for patients treated with ipilimumab (n=1034). Results Occurrence of grades 1–2 irAEs was associated with RFS (5 years: 52% (95% CI 47% to 56%) vs 41% (95% CI 31% to 50%) with no AE; p=0.006) and a trend toward improved OS (5 years: 75% (95% CI 71% to 79%) compared with 67% (95% CI 56% to 75%) with no AE; p=0.064). Among specific irAEs, grades 1–2 rash was most significantly associated with RFS (p=0.002) and OS (p=0.003). In multivariate models adjusting for prognostic factors, the most significant associations were seen for grades 1–2 rash with RFS (p&lt;0.001, HR=0.70) and OS (p=0.01, HR=0.71) and for grades 1–2 endocrine+rash with RFS (p&lt;0.001, HR=0.66) and OS (p=0.008, HR=0.7). Overall, grades 1–2 irAEs had the best prognosis in terms of RFS and OS and those with grades 3–4 had less RFS benefits and no OS advantage over no irAE. Patients experiencing grades 3–4 irAE had significantly higher exposure to corticosteroids and immunosuppressants than those with grades 1–2 (92% vs 60%; p&lt;0.001), but no significant associations were found between corticosteroid and immunosuppressant use and RFS or OS. In investigating the impact of non-corticosteroid immunosuppressants, although there were trends toward better RFS and OS favoring cases who were not exposed, no significant associations were found. Conclusions Rash and endocrine irAEs were independent prognostic factors of RFS and OS in patients treated with adjuvant ipilimumab. Patients experiencing lower grade irAEs derived the most benefit, but we found no significant evidence supporting a negative impact of high dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants more commonly used to manage grades 3–4 irAEs.
MACHINE LEARNING FOR PREDICTION OF PACEMAKER AFTER TAVR IN PATIENTS WITH LOW STROKE VOLUME INDEX
Authors: Amitabh C. Pandey, Arjun Nichani, Megan Pelter, Daniel Ng, Ashley Jaravata, Zabrina Duncan, Siddharth Suresh, Sandeep Mehta, Curtiss Stinis, Sanjeev Bhavnani, Paul Teirstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Mental Health and Wealth: Depression, Gender, Poverty, and Parenting
Authors: Megan V. Smith, Carolyn M. Mazure
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2021)

Depression is a common and debilitating condition that adversely affects functioning and the capacity to work and establish economic stability. Women are disproportionately burdened by depression, and low-income pregnant and parenting women have particularly high rates of depression and often lack access to treatment. As depression can be treated, it is a modifiable risk factor for poor economic outcomes for women, and thus for children and families. Recent national and state health care policy changes offer the opportunity for community-based psychological and economic interventions that can reduce the number of pregnant and parenting women with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Moreover, there is strong evidence that in addition to benefiting women's well-being, such reforms bolster children's emotional and social development and learning and help families rise out of poverty. This review summarizes the mental health and economic literature regarding how maternal depression perpetuates intergenerational poverty and discusses recommendations regarding policies to treat maternal depression in large-scale social services systems.
Correction<i>: Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of lymphoma</i>
Authors: Gavin Thurston, Richard Tavare, Marcus P Kelly, Sosina Makonnen, Carlos Hickey, T Cody Arnold, Jason T Giurleo, Makenzie Danton, Christian Granados, Ishita Chatterjee, Drew Dudgeon, Marc W Retter, Dangshe Ma, William C Olson, Jessica R Kirshner
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

de Burkitt (R-LMB), rituximab+cyclophospha-mide+doxorubicin+methotrexate / ifosfamide+etoposide+cytarabine (R-CODOXM/ IVAC), DA
Complete vertebrate mitogenomes reveal widespread repeats and gene duplications
Authors: Giulio Formenti, Arang Rhie, Jennifer Balacco, Bettina Haase, Jacquelyn Mountcastle, Olivier Fedrigo, Samara Brown, Marco Rosario Capodiferro, Farooq O. Al-Ajli, Roberto Ambrosini, Peter Houde, Sergey Koren, Karen Oliver, Michelle Smith, Jason Skelton, Emma Betteridge, Jale Dolucan, Craig Corton, Iliana Bista, James Torrance, Alan Tracey, Jonathan Wood, Marcela Uliano-Silva, Kerstin Howe, Shane McCarthy, Sylke Winkler, Woori Kwak, Jonas Korlach, Arkarachai Fungtammasan, Daniel Fordham, Vania Costa, Simon Mayes, Matteo Chiara, David S. Horner, Eugene Myers, Richard Durbin, Alessandro Achilli, Edward L. Braun, Adam M. Phillippy, Erich D. Jarvis
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Abstract Background Modern sequencing technologies should make the assembly of the relatively small mitochondrial genomes an easy undertaking. However, few tools exist that address mitochondrial assembly directly. Results As part of the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP) we develop mitoVGP, a fully automated pipeline for similarity-based identification of mitochondrial reads and de novo assembly of mitochondrial genomes that incorporates both long (&gt; 10 kbp, PacBio or Nanopore) and short (100–300 bp, Illumina) reads. Our pipeline leads to successful complete mitogenome assemblies of 100 vertebrate species of the VGP. We observe that tissue type and library size selection have considerable impact on mitogenome sequencing and assembly. Comparing our assemblies to purportedly complete reference mitogenomes based on short-read sequencing, we identify errors, missing sequences, and incomplete genes in those references, particularly in repetitive regions. Our assemblies also identify novel gene region duplications. The presence of repeats and duplications in over half of the species herein assembled indicates that their occurrence is a principle of mitochondrial structure rather than an exception, shedding new light on mitochondrial genome evolution and organization. Conclusions Our results indicate that even in the “simple” case of vertebrate mitogenomes the completeness of many currently available reference sequences can be further improved, and caution should be exercised before claiming the complete assembly of a mitogenome, particularly from short reads alone.
Hospital doctor who took £41 000 in salary payments after contract ended loses appeal against erasure
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

A hospital doctor’s claim that he thought an NHS trust was giving him a gift or a loan when it kept paying his salary for more than two years after he left the job was “completely absurd,” a High Court judge has concluded.1

Mr Justice Julian Knowles dismissed an appeal by Haydar Al Nageim against a medical practitioners tribunal decision last December to strike him off the UK medical register.

Al Nageim was wrongly paid salary totalling £41 266.16 (€47 526; $57 154) net for 27 months after the Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust decided in February 2013 not to renew his six …
Relugolix Combination Therapy for Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL MITRAL REGURGITATION BY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: PROGNOSTIC UTILITY AND OPTIMAL THRESHOLDS
Authors: Tom Kai Ming Wang, Duygu Kocyigit, Nicholas Chan, Chris Anthony, Harry Choi, Jennifer Bullen, Joao Cavalcante, Zoran Popovic, Wai Hong Tang, Samir Kapadia, Brian Griffin, Scott Flamm, Deborah Kwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Permanent Pacemaker Implantation Following Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Alberto Alperi, Josep Rodés-Cabau, Matheus Simonato, Didier Tchetche, Gaetan Charbonnier, Henrique B. Ribeiro, Azeem Latib, Matteo Montorfano, Marco Barbanti, Sabine Bleiziffer, Björn Redfors, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Abdelhakim Allali, Giuseppe Bruschi, Massimo Napodano, Marco Agrifoglio, Anna Sonia Petronio, Cristina Giannini, Albert Chan, Ran Kornowski, Nili Schamroth Pravda, Matti Adam, Alessandro Iadanza, Stephane Noble, Andrew Chatfield, Magdalena Erlebach, Jörg Kempfert, Timm Ubben, Harindra Wijeysundera, Moritz Seiffert, Thomas Pilgrim, Won-Keun Kim, Luca Testa, David Hildick-Smith, Roberto Nerla, Claudia Fiorina, Christina Brinkmann, Lars Conzelmann, Didier Champagnac, Francesco Saia, Henrik Nissen, Hafid Amrane, Brian Whisenant, Jasmin Shamekhi, Lars Søndergaard, John G. Webb, Danny Dvir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Optimizing indices of atrial fibrillation susceptibility and burden to evaluate atrial fibrillation severity, risk and outcomes
Authors: Giuseppe Boriani, Marco Vitolo, Igor Diemberger, Marco Proietti, Anna Chiara Valenti, Vincenzo Livio Malavasi, Gregory Y H Lip
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) has heterogeneous patterns of presentation concerning symptoms, duration of episodes, AF burden, and the tendency to progress towards the terminal step of permanent AF. AF is associated with a risk of stroke/thromboembolism traditionally considered dependent on patient-level risk factors rather than AF type, AF burden, or other characterizations. However, the time spent in AF appears related to an incremental risk of stroke, as suggested by the higher risk of stroke in patients with clinical AF vs. subclinical episodes and in patients with non-paroxysmal AF vs. paroxysmal AF. In patients with device-detected atrial tachyarrhythmias, AF burden is a dynamic process with potential transitions from a lower to a higher maximum daily arrhythmia burden, thus justifying monitoring its temporal evolution. In clinical terms, the appearance of the first episode of AF, the characterization of the arrhythmia in a specific AF type, the progression of AF, and the response to rhythm control therapies, as well as the clinical outcomes, are all conditioned by underlying heart disease, risk factors, and comorbidities. Improved understanding is needed on how to monitor and modulate the effect of factors that condition AF susceptibility and modulate AF-associated outcomes. The increasing use of wearables and apps in practice and clinical research may be useful to predict and quantify AF burden and assess AF susceptibility at the individual patient level. This may help us reveal why AF stops and starts again, or why AF episodes, or burden, cluster. Additionally, whether the distribution of burden is associated with variations in the propensity to thrombosis or other clinical adverse events. Combining the improved methods for data analysis, clinical and translational science could be the basis for the early identification of the subset of patients at risk of progressing to a longer duration/higher burden of AF and the associated adverse outcomes.
RACE IS ASSOCIATED WITH HEART TRANSPLANTATION BUT NOT MYOCARDIAL RECOVERY IN PATIENTS MANAGED WITH DURABLE LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES
Authors: Sula Mazimba, Sarah J. Ratcliffe, Mark E. Smolkin, Nishaki Mehta, Daniel Addison, Mark A. Fleming, Kenneth Bilchick, Erik J. Scott, Hunter Mwansa, Ebony J. Hilton, Kierah Barnes, James Keiler, Khadijah Breathett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Completion of the gut microbial epi-bile acid pathway
Authors: Heidi L. Doden, Patricia G. Wolf, H. Rex Gaskins, Karthik Anantharaman, João M. P. Alves, Jason M. Ridlon
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Bile acids are detergent molecules that solubilize dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. Humans synthesize bile acids with α-orientation hydroxyl groups which can be biotransformed by gut microbiota to toxic, hydrophobic bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA). Gut microbiota can also convert hydroxyl groups from the α-orientation through an oxo-intermediate to the β-orientation, resulting in more hydrophilic, less toxic bile acids. This interconversion is catalyzed by regio- (C-3 vs. C-7) and stereospecific (α vs. β) hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs). So far, genes encoding the urso- (7α-HSDH & 7β-HSDH) and iso- (3α-HSDH & 3β-HSDH) bile acid pathways have been described. Recently, multiple human gut clostridia were reported to encode 12α-HSDH, which interconverts DCA and 12-oxolithocholic acid (12-oxoLCA). 12β-HSDH completes the epi-bile acid pathway by converting 12-oxoLCA to the 12β-bile acid denoted epiDCA; however, a gene(s) encoding this enzyme has yet to be identified. We confirmed 12β-HSDH activity in cultures of Clostridium paraputrificum ATCC 25780. From six candidate C. paraputrificum ATCC 25780 oxidoreductase genes, we discovered the first gene (DR024_RS09610) encoding bile acid 12β-HSDH. Phylogenetic analysis revealed unforeseen diversity for 12β-HSDH, leading to validation of two additional bile acid 12β-HSDHs through a synthetic biology approach. By comparison to a previous phylogenetic analysis of 12α-HSDH, we identified the first potential C-12 epimerizing strains: Collinsella tanakaei YIT 12063 and Collinsella stercoris DSM 13279. A Hidden Markov Model search against human gut metagenomes located putative 12β-HSDH genes in about 30% of subjects within the cohorts analyzed, indicating this gene is relevant in the human gut microbiome.
Restrictive fluid management versus usual care in acute kidney injury (REVERSE-AKI): a pilot randomized controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Suvi T. Vaara, Marlies Ostermann, Laurent Bitker, Antoine Schneider, Elettra Poli, Eric Hoste, Jan Fierens, Michael Joannidis, Alexander Zarbock, Frank van Haren, John Prowle, Tuomas Selander, Minna Bäcklund, Ville Pettilä, Rinaldo Bellomo, Rinaldo Bellomo, Suvi Vaara, Laurent Bitker, Glenn Eastwood, Frank van Haren, Liam Byrne, Mary Nourse, Samantha Adam, Clare Robertson, Josie Russell-Brown, Shakira Spiller, Eric Hoste, Jan Fierens, Pieter Nepuydt, Daisy Vermeiren, Ingrid Herck, Druwe Patrick, Luc De Crop, Stephanie Bracke, Marlies Ostermann, Andy Retter, Sara Campos, Gill Arbane, Andrea Kelly, Neus Grau Novellas, Rosario Lim, Martina Marotti, Aneta Bociek, Tim Jones, Christopher Whitton, Andrew Slack, Luigi Camporota, Simon Sparkes, Duncan Wyncoll, Suvi Vaara, Minna Bäcklund, Ville Pettilä, Jonna Heinonen, Leena Pettilä, Sari Sutinen, Elina Lappi, Antoine Schneider, Elettra Poli, Marco Altarelli, Michel Thibault, Philippe Eckert, Madeleine Schnorf, John Prowle, Ryan Haines, Richard Cashmore, Alex Fowler, Filipa Dos Santos, Amaia Garcia, Maria Fernandez, Tim Martin, Ruzena Uddin
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2021)

We compared a restrictive fluid management strategy to usual care among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) who had received initial fluid resuscitation. This multicenter feasibility trial randomized 100 AKI patients 1:1 in seven ICUs in Europe and Australia. Restrictive fluid management included targeting negative or neutral daily fluid balance by minimizing fluid input and/or enhancing urine output with diuretics administered at the discretion of the clinician. Fluid boluses were administered as clinically indicated. The primary endpoint was cumulative fluid balance 72 h from randomization. Mean (SD) cumulative fluid balance at 72 h from randomization was − 1080 mL (2003 mL) in the restrictive fluid management arm and 61 mL (3131 mL) in the usual care arm, mean difference (95% CI) − 1148 mL (− 2200 to − 96) mL, P = 0.033. Median [IQR] duration of AKI was 2 [1–3] and 3 [2–7] days, respectively (median difference − 1.0 [− 3.0 to 0.0], P = 0.071). Altogether, 6 out of 46 (13%) patients in the restrictive fluid management arm and 15 out of 50 (30%) in the usual care arm received renal replacement therapy (RR 0.42; 95% CI 0.16–0.91), P = 0.043. Cumulative fluid balance at 24 h and 7 days was lower in the restrictive fluid management arm. The dose of diuretics was not different between the groups. Adverse events occurred more frequently in the usual care arm. In critically ill patients with AKI, a restrictive fluid management regimen resulted in lower cumulative fluid balance and less adverse events compared to usual care. Larger trials of this intervention are justified.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF LEFT ATRIAL STRAIN AND RECURRENCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION POST-ABLATION: A META ANALYSIS OF LEFT ATRIAL STRAIN AND LEFT ATRIAL VOLUME INDEX
Authors: Ashley K. Russell, Gursukhmandeep Sidhu, Mary Jenkins, Wm. Long, Mark Cassidy, Nassir Marrouche
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Effect of a Randomized, Controlled Trial on Surgery for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Patrick J. Lewicki, Spyridon P. Basourakos, Yuqing Qiu, Jim C. Hu, David Sheyn, Adonis Hijaz, Jonathan E. Shoag
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Effect of a Trial on Surgery for Cervical Cancer The results of the Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer Trial, published in 2018, showed that in patients with cervical cancer, minimally invasi...
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPAGLIFLOZIN IN REDUCING TOTAL CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN THE EMPAGLIFLOZIN COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY (EMPRISE) STUDY
Authors: Rishi Desai, Robert Glynn, Brendan Everett, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Deborah Wexler, Anouk Déruaz-Luyet, Ola Vedin, Kimberly Brodovicz, Ajinkya Pawar, Elisabetta Patorno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
ACUTE COVID-19 PNEUMONIA UNMASKING A LARGE LEFT ATRIAL MYXOMA
Authors: Linle Hou, Christopher Wong, Ibrahim Ali, Arvind Reddy Devanabanda, Joshua Newman, Inderpaal Chhabra, Sheel Vatsia, Rajiv Jauhar, Bani Azari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
NATIONAL TREND OF MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT UTILIZATION DURING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS IN CHRONIC CORONARY TOTAL OCCLUSION
Authors: Radhika Deshpande, Yasser Al-Khadra, Prashanth Singanallur, Basma Al-bast, Venkata Missula, Nour Albast, Manasik Abdu, Raad Al Tamimi, Abdul Moiz Hafiz, Youssef Chami, Tony DeMartini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
PHYSIOLOGICAL COMMONALITIES BETWEEN SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION AND TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY; CONFOUNDING OR COINCIDENTAL?
Authors: Lisa Ezegbu, Ngozi Osuji, Mohammad Omar Butt, Emuesiri Ovwigho, Sanjay Shetty, Howard Levite, Vineshkumar Patel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
THE ROLE OF MULTIMODALITY IMAGING IN PATIENT WITH CONCOMITTANT AORTIC DISSECTION AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: Dhaval Shah, Parminder Kaur, Habib Ahmad Habib, Tamer Akel, Balraj Singh, Hartaj Virk, Ibrahim Khaddash, Fayez Shamoon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Impact of the Age-Adjusted D-Dimer Cutoff to Exclude Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Helia Robert-Ebadi, Philippe Robin, Olivier Hugli, Franck Verschuren, Albert Trinh-Duc, Pierre-Marie Roy, Jeannot Schmidt, Thierry Fumeaux, Guy Meyer, Daniel Hayoz, Pierre-Nicolas Carron, Pierre-Yves Salaun, François Sarasin, Olivier Rutschmann, Grégoire Le Gal, Marc Righini
Journal: Circulation (2021)
SUCCESSFUL USE OF INDIGO THROMBECTOMY SYSTEM (ITS) FOR MANAGEMENT OF EXTENSIVE AXILLOSUBCLAVIAN DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS(DVT) IN SETTING OF PAGET-SCHROETTER SYNDROME
Authors: Anubhav Jain, Aldin Jerome, Ankita Aggarwal, Mishita Goel, Aditya Mehta, Vrushank Patel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODELING OF HEPATIC-PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW FOR FONTAN PLANNING IN PATIENTS WITH INTERRUPTED INFERIOR VENA CAVA
Authors: David Monroe Hoganson, Vijay Govindarajan, Noah E. Schulz, Emily R. Eickhoff, Roger Breitbart, Gerald Marx, Pedro del Nido, Peter Hammer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Survival After Breast Conservation vs Mastectomy Adjusted for Comorbidity and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Jana de Boniface, Robert Szulkin, Anna L. V. Johansson
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Cohort studies show better survival after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with postoperative radiotherapy (RT) than after mastectomy (Mx) without RT. It remains unclear whether this is an independent effect or a consequence of selection bias.To determine whether the reported survival benefit of breast conservation is eliminated by adjustment for 2 pivotal confounders, comorbidity and socioeconomic status.Cohort study using prospectively collected national data. Swedish public health care; nationwide clinical data from the National Breast Cancer Quality Register, comorbidity data from Patient Registers at the National Board of Health and Welfare, and individual-level education and income data from Statistics Sweden. The cohort included all women diagnosed as having primary invasive T1-2 N0-2 breast cancer and undergoing breast surgery in Sweden from 2008 to 2017. Data were analyzed between August 19, 2020, and November 12, 2020.Locoregional treatment comparing 3 groups: breast-conserving surgery with radiotherapy (BCS+RT), mastectomy without radiotherapy (Mx-RT), and mastectomy with radiotherapy (Mx+RT).Overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Main outcomes were determined before initiation of data retrieval.Among 48 986 women, 29 367 (59.9%) had BCS+RT, 12413 (25.3%) had Mx-RT, and 7206 (14.7%) had Mx+RT. Median follow-up was 6.28 years (range, 0.01-11.70). All-cause death occurred in 6573 cases, with death caused by breast cancer in 2313 cases; 5-year OS was 91.1% (95% CI, 90.8-91.3) and BCSS was 96.3% (95% CI, 96.1-96.4). Apart from expected differences in clinical parameters, women receiving Mx-RT were older, had a lower level of education, and lower income. Both Mx groups had a higher comorbidity burden irrespective of RT. After stepwise adjustment for all covariates, OS and BCSS were significantly worse after Mx-RT (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.66-1.92 and HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.45-1.90, respectively) and Mx+RT (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.13-1.37 and HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.46, respectively) than after BCS+RT.Despite adjustment for previously unmeasured confounders, BCS+RT yielded better survival than Mx irrespective of RT. If both interventions are valid options, mastectomy should not be regarded as equal to breast conservation.