tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prostacyclin analogue iloprost decreases thrombolytic potential of tissue-type plasminogen activator in canine coronary thrombosis.
Authors: F ANicolini, J LMehta, W WNichols, T GSaldeen, MGrant
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Platelets play an important role in the formation of a coronary thrombus and reocclusion after thrombolysis. Therefore, we examined the thrombolytic potential of concomitant intravenous administration of potent platelet inhibitor iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, with tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA; n = 8) and t-PA alone (n = 9) in dogs with an electrically induced occlusive coronary artery thrombus. t-PA (0.75 mg/kg) was given over 20 minutes, and iloprost (4 micrograms/kg) was given over 40 minutes. Reperfusion rate was 63% (five of eight dogs) in the t-PA plus iloprost group and 67% (six of nine dogs) in the t-PA alone group (p = NS). The time to thrombolysis (or reperfusion) in the t-PA plus iloprost group was almost twice as great as in the t-PA alone group (33.0 +/- 13.3 vs. 18.5 +/- 6.7 minutes, mean +/- SD, p less than 0.02), and the duration of reperfusion was much shorter (3.4 +/- 1.8 vs. 39.3 +/- 17.4 minutes, p less than 0.005). Peak coronary artery blood flow after reperfusion in th...
Stimulation of muscarinic receptors raises free intracellular Ca2+ concentration in rat ventricular myocytes.
Authors: MKorth, V KSharma, S SSheu
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The effect of carbachol on free intracellular calcium concentration, ([Ca2+]i) and on intracellular hydrogen concentration (pHi) was determined from fluorescence signals obtained from rat ventricular myocytes. Application of carbachol (300 mumol/l) to quin2-loaded myocytes bathed in 2 mmol/l Ca2+-containing solution caused [Ca2+]i to increase within 7-10 minutes from 182 +/- 9 to 212 +/- 11 nmol/l (n = 4). Carbachol acted via stimulation of muscarinic receptors because atropine (1 mumol/l) either prevented or abolished the increase in [Ca2+]i. Carbachol also produced a positive inotropic effect in rat papillary muscles contracting isometrically at a frequency of 0.5 Hz and enhanced contracture in resting preparations in the presence of high extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) (20 mmol/l). The effect of carbachol on [Ca2+]i was dependent on [Ca2+]o. In the presence of 10 mmol/l [Ca2+]o, the increase in [Ca2+]i was about two times that elicited by carbachol when bath [Ca2+]o was 2 mmol/l. Reduction o...
Improving the Assessment of Screen Exposure in Children—Reply
Authors: Weiwei Chen, Jessica L. Adler
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Atrial natriuretic peptide distribution in fetal and failed adult human hearts.
Authors: HTsuchimochi, FKurimoto, KIeki, HKoyama, FTakaku, MKawana, SKimata, YYazaki
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The distributions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in human hearts during the developmental stage and in adult pathological states was examined with an antibody specific to human alpha-ANP. With immunoblotting and immunofluorescence methods, we found that a 17-kDa protein, which is a pro ANP, was expressed in human fetal ventricles, in which the numbers of myofibers containing ANP granules were more abundant in the subendocardial region than the subepicardial region. As determined by radioimmunoassay, the content of immunoreactive ANP (per milligram protein) in the developing heart was greatest in the left atrium and occurred decreasingly in the right atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle, respectively. Because ANP content in the left ventricle declined during the progress of gestation in developing hearts and because it was very low, if ever detectable, in normal adult hearts, ventricular ANP expression appears to be developmentally regulated from the early gestational stage. However, it was ree...
Confounding in epidemiological studies.
Authors: J. N. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1992)

draw attention to the problems of confounding, especially residual confounding, in epidemiological studies.'This is poorly under- stood and has led to many serious misunder- standings.It should always be considered as an explanation of any epidemiological association, but in some cases observational studies cannot resolve the issue, and one should not conclude that possibly confounded exposures should be ignored.When this impasse is reached it may be more appropriate to consider intervention studies.The example of smoking and cervical cancer is a case in point.Early observations of this association were played down because of possible confounding with sexual behaviour.The relation was not, however, weakened when attempts were made to adjust more carefully for this--a procedure that often indicates residual confounding-and now dozens of carefully designed studies have found a strong relation.Clearly, randomising young women to smoke or not would be both ridiculous and unethical.We are attempting to study the effects of stopping smoking on untreated but carefully monitored mild cervical disease, with reference to both clinical and immunological vari- ables.Studies of this kind may prove useful in resolving the problems of counfounding.
Comment on Liu et al. Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults With Low-Titer GAD Antibodies: Similar Disease Progression With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide, Multicenter Prospective Study (LADA China Study 3). Diabetes Care 2015;38:16–21
Authors: Viral N. Shah, Liping Yu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

We read with great interest the article by Liu et al. (1) demonstrating that progression of diabetes among subjects with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) having low titer of GAD antibody (GADA) is similar to that in subjects with type 2 diabetes over the period of 3 years. This is a large population-based, prospective, well-controlled study with well-characterized subjects.

Major epidemiologic studies such as Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study, and The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes …
Association of Preterm Birth With Long-term Risk of Heart Failure Into Adulthood
Authors: Casey Crump, Alan Groves, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Preterm birth has been associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF) early in life, but its association with new-onset HF in adulthood appears to be unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether preterm birth is associated with increased risk of HF from childhood into mid-adulthood in a large population-based cohort. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This national cohort study was conducted in Sweden with data from 1973 through 2015. All singleton live births in Sweden during 1973 through 2014 were included. <h3>Exposures</h3> Gestational age at birth, identified from nationwide birth records. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Heart failure, as identified from inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2015. Cox regression was used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for HF associated with gestational age at birth while adjusting for other perinatal and maternal factors. Cosibling analyses assessed for potential confounding by unmeasured shared familial (genetic and/or environmental) factors. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 4 193 069 individuals were included (maximum age, 43 years; median age, 22.5 years). In 85.0 million person-years of follow-up, 4158 persons (0.1%) were identified as having HF (median [interquartile range] age, 15.4 [28.0] years at diagnosis). Preterm birth (gestational age &lt;37 weeks) was associated with increased risk of HF at ages younger than 1 year (adjusted HR [aHR], 4.49 [95% CI, 3.86-5.22]), 1 to 17 years (aHR, 3.42 [95% CI, 2.75-4.27]), and 18 to 43 years (aHR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.19-1.71]) compared with full-term birth (gestational age, 39-41 weeks). At ages 18 through 43 years, the HRs further stratified by gestational age were 4.72 (95% CI, 2.11-10.52) for extremely preterm births (22-27 weeks), 1.93 (95% CI, 1.37-2.71) for moderately preterm births (28-33 weeks), 1.24 (95% CI, 1.00-1.54) for late preterm births (34-36 weeks), and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.97-1.24) for early term births (37-38 weeks). The corresponding HF incidence rates (per 100 000 person-years) at ages 18 through 43 years were 31.7, 13.8, 8.7, and 7.3, respectively, compared with 6.6 for full-term births. These associations persisted when excluding persons with structural congenital cardiac anomalies. The associations at ages 18 through 43 years (but not &lt;18 years) appeared to be largely explained by shared determinants of preterm birth and HF within families. Preterm birth accounted for a similar number of HF cases among male and female individuals. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this large national cohort, preterm birth was associated with increased risk of new-onset HF into adulthood. Survivors of preterm birth may need long-term clinical follow-up into adulthood for risk reduction and monitoring for HF.
Skin tests in urticaria/angioedema and flushing to Pfizer‐BioNTech SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine: Limits of intradermal testing
Authors: Leonardo Bianchi, Filippo Biondi, Katharina Hansel, Nicola Murgia, Marta Tramontana, Luca Stingeni
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Skin tests in urticaria/angioedema and flushing to Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: Limits of intradermal testing To the Editor, Vaccination seems the most effective public health tools to contrast the spreading of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic.To date, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) authorized three anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.The Pfizer-BioNTech and the Moderna vaccines contain messenger RNA (mRNA) encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles, which encodes the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike (S) protein, inducing both antibody and cell-mediated responses.The AstraZeneca vaccine is based on a viral vector that uses a modified version of the chimpanzee adenovirus to provide instructions for synthesizing SARS-CoV-2 protein S. The vaccine series consists of two doses administered intramuscularly (Pfizer-BioNTech: 21 days apart; Moderna: 28 days apart; AstraZeneca: 28-84 days apart).During clinical approval studies and early post-marketing phases, mucous-cutaneous adverse reactions have been rarely observed.Among hypersensitivity reactions, immediate reactions (anaphylaxis, urticaria-angioedema syndrome) were more frequently observed than delayed reactions (maculo-papular eruptions). 1,2e anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines contain excipients with known sensitizing potential: Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine contains polyethylene
Left ventricular ejection fraction during cardiac surgery: a two-dimensional echocardiographic study.
Authors: J MDubroff, M BClark, C YWong, A JSpotnitz, R HCollins, H MSpotnitz
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Although long-term effects have been studied, the immediate effect of surgery for acquired heart disease on left ventricular function is not well defined. Accordingly, 44 adults with acquired heart disease underwent intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography with a gas-sterilized transducer before and immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass. Ejection fraction was measured by short-axis area change at the maximum left ventricular cross section (SAAC-EF) and also by a method using multiple sections. Correction of both mitral and aortic regurgitation produced a significant intraoperative decrease in ejection fraction from 0.49 +/- 19 (SD) to 0.32 +/- 0.16 (p less than .02) and from 0.41 +/- 0.13 to 0.30 +/- 0.17 (p less than .0005), respectively. Relief of aortic stenosis and mitral stenosis resulted in an intraoperative increase in ejection fraction from 0.45 +/- 0.10 to 0.55 +/- 0.09 (p less than .02) and from 0.41 +/- 0.05 to 0.50 +/- 0.07 (p less than .05), respectively. Ejection fraction after cor...
Activation of ischemia- and reperfusion-sensitive abdominal visceral C fiber afferents. Role of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals.
Authors: G LStahl, H LPan, J CLonghurst
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Abdominal ischemia and reperfusion evoke reflex excitation of the cardiovascular system and generate reactive oxygen species. We have shown previously that the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) elicits reflex excitation of the cardiovascular system after serosal application to abdominal organs. However, it is not known if ischemia-sensitive afferents respond to reactive oxygen species or if scavengers such as dimethylthiourea (DMTU) inhibit the response of these afferents to ischemia or reperfusion. Therefore, to provide more information on the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the activation of these afferents, we studied their responses to H2O2 applied to the receptive field during recordings of single-unit activity of ischemia-insensitive or -sensitive abdominal visceral C fiber afferents in anesthetized cats. Additionally, we recorded single-unit activity of ischemia and reperfusion-sensitive afferents before and after treatment with DMTU (10 mg/kg), which scavenges H2O2 and hydr...
Myosin isoenzyme distribution in overloaded human atrial tissue.
Authors: P MButtrick, AMalhotra, RBrodman, LMcDermott, LLam
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we have identified two distinct myosin isoenzymes in human atrial tissue that correspond to the V1 and V3 isomyosins found in rat ventricular tissue. Normal left and right atrial appendages have approximately 50% V3. When the left atrium was exposed to hemodynamic overload secondary to mitral stenosis, the percent V3 increased to 77 +/- 10% (n = 10); exposure to hemodynamic overload secondary to mitral regurgitation caused an increase to 70 +/- 14% (n = 6). Changes in the isoenzyme pattern were seen in the right atria of patients with mitral stenosis and markedly elevated pulmonary arterial pressures compared with control subjects and patients with mitral stenosis without severe pulmonary hypertension. Several clinical variables were examined to determine which factors might influence isoenzyme expression. Age, sex, the presence of atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure did not predict the isoenzyme pattern. However, patients wit...
Sputum induction in young cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: J.A. Kastelik, I. Aziz, A.H. Morice
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

To the Editor: 

We read with great interest, the study by De Boeck et al . 1 on the safety of sputum induction in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The authors showed that sputum induction with sodium chloride in concentrations 0.9–6.0% using an ultrasonic nebulizer was safe in this group of patients. Sputum induction with different concentrations of saline delivered using ultrasonic nebulizers have been previously reported to be safe in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2.

We performed sputum induction with 3% solution of hypertonic saline delivered using a jet nebulizer (Pari LC Plus with Pari TurboBoy compressor, Pari Medical Ltd, West Byfleet, Surrey, UK) in 12 adult CF patients mean (range) age 23.8 (17–42) yrs and forced …
Persistence of MB isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase in the serum after minor iatrogenic cardiac trauma. Absence of postmortem evidence of myocardial infarction.
Authors: A MTonkin, R MLester, C EGuthrow, C RRoe, D BHackel, G SWagner
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The specificity of serum CPK-MB for acute myocardial infarction was examined by retrospective analysis of 401 consecutive patients admitted to Coronary Care Unit over a three and one-half year period with suspected infarction in whom the isoenzyme was subsequently detected. Four patients (1 per cent) who died during the hospital admission had no autopsy evidence of acute myocardial infarction. All four had experienced mild iatrogenic cardiac trauma, following which serum CPK-MG persisted for at least 24 hours. In one patient, a permanent pacemaker had been inserted by the transmediastinal approach. Two patients had been subjected to closed chest cardiac massage and intracardiac puncture, and one to external cardiac massage alone. The findings suggest that persistent identification of serum CPK-MB, although specific for myocardial necrosis, cannot be regarded as diagnostic of myocardial infarction. The implications of this are important to treatment of patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and opera...
Pulmonary vascular effects of prostaglandin D2, but not its systemic vascular or airway effects, are mediated through thromboxane receptor activation.
Authors: L SKing, MFukushima, MBanerjee, K HKang, J HNewman, IBiaggioni
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) can cause pulmonary vasoconstriction or vasodilation depending on animal species and age. Because the constrictor effects of PGD2 in some vascular beds may be mediated through thromboxane receptors, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the vascular or bronchial effects of PGD2 are mediated through thromboxane/endoperoxide (TX/E) receptor activation. In chronically instrumented awake sheep, PGD2 (5-25 micrograms/kg i.v.) produced a dose-dependent increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and in systemic arterial blood pressure. These changes were due to increases in resistance, because cardiac output remained unchanged. PGD2 also decreased dynamic compliance at lower doses (0.1-5 micrograms/kg i.v.) than those required to produce pulmonary vasoconstriction, confirming that PGD2 is a potent bronchoconstrictor. The airway and systemic vascular effects of PGD2 were not altered by TX/E receptor antagonism. In contrast, PGD2-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction was blocked by t...
Mapping of ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed stimulation in canine preparations of myocardial infarction.
Authors: RCardinal, PSavard, D LCarson, J BPerry, PPagé
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To investigate the mechanism of uniform ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed stimulation, we recorded His bundle electrograms and unipolar electrograms from 64 subepicardial, subendocardial, and intramural sites in dogs. Isochronal maps were generated off-line by computer. Two groups of dogs were studied 3 days after occlusion of their left anterior descending coronary arteries; one group underwent reperfusion after 2 to 2.5 hr of occlusion and the other methylprednisolone treatment before permanent occlusion. In the former, subepicardial sequences presented either a pattern suggesting circus movement or a radial pattern in which excitation at intramural sites could precede earliest subepicardial excitation. In the latter preparations, subepicardial excitation patterns consistently suggested circus movement in the subepicardial muscle layer surviving over necrotic tissue. Assuming complete circus movement, the missed time interval, measured as the interval left unaccounted for by actual recordi...
Platelet function in coronary artery disease: effects of coronary surgery and sulfinpyrazone.
Authors: J FCade, D JDoyle, C NChesterman, F JMorgan, G CRennie
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Platelet survival and plasma concentrations of beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 were measured in 44 patients before and 6 months after coronary artery bypass grafting. Postoperatively, patients were randomized to receive sulfinpyrazone, 800 mg/day, or placebo. Preoperatively, platelet survival was significantly shorter than normal, and plasma concentrations of both platelet-specific proteins were significantly elevated. Postoperatively, all three indexes of platelet function tended to become normal, but these changes were statistically significant only in patients treated with sulfinpyrazone. Postoperative exercise testing correlated significantly with plasma concentrations of beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 measured preoperative and postoperative. These results are consistent with reports of the effects of sulfinpyrazine on platelet involvement in other conditions, and suggest that the drug reduces platelet activation and inhibits actual destruction. The results also show a relations...
Hemodynamic factors that affect calculated orifice areas in the mitral hancock xenograft valve.
Authors: J LUbago, AFigueroa, TColman, AOchoteco, C GDuran
Journal: Circulation (1980)

From June 1974 to December 1978, 714 Hancock valves have been placed in 605 patients. One hundred seventy-five patients with a mitral xenograft have been restudied. The results were questionable due to the wide scatter and disparity between the calculated and the theoretical orifice of each valve size. To elucidate these differences, the hemodynamic data of 40 isolated, normal functioning mitral Hancock valves were reviewed. Early, middle and late diastolic mitral valve gradients were measured by planimetry and their corresponding flows were estimated by angiography. The paired data were fitted to exponential functions and specific lines for each Hancock valve size were obtained. By superimposing Gorlin's pressure and flow curves on these lines, the instantaneous effective orifice for each Hancock valve can be determined. We concluded that 1) the Hancock valve effective orifice is flow related and always lower than its theoretical opening; 2) normal function frequently cannot be firmly established by the ...
Nitroprusside and regional vascular capacitance in patients with severe congestive heart failure.
Authors: CRisöe, SSimonsen, KRootwelt, SSire, O ASmiseth
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDThis study investigates the effects of sodium nitroprusside on regional vascular capacitance in eight patients with severe congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class IV) and pulmonary hypertension.METHODS AND RESULTSRegional relative blood volumes in the splanchnic and pulmonary region were determined by equilibrium blood pool scintigraphy. Hepatic venous wedge pressure and the mean of pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were used to represent the distending pressures of the splanchnic and pulmonary capacitance vessels, respectively. The dose of sodium nitroprusside was increased stepwise until systolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased below 50 mm Hg. This caused reductions in mean aortic pressure from 89 +/- 5 to 66 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.005), in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure from 31 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), and in hepatic venous wedge pressure from 10.0 +/- 1.0 to 5.9 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.005). Intestinal blood volume...