tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Injectable bio-responsive hydrogel for therapy of inflammation related eyelid diseases
Authors: Liangbo Chen, Dan Yan, Nianxuan Wu, Qinke Yao, Hao Sun, Yan Pang, Yao Fu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Eyelid plays a vital role in protecting the eye from injury or infection. Inflammation related eyelid diseases, such as blepharitis, are the most common ocular disorders that affect human's vision and quality of life. Due to the physiological barriers and anatomical structures of the eye, the bioavailability of topical administrated therapeutics is typically less than 5%. Herein, we developed a bio-responsive hydrogel drug delivery system using a generally recognized as safe compound, triglycerol monostearate (TG-18), for in-situ eyelid injection with sustained therapeutics release. In vitro, drug release and disassembly time of Rosiglitazone loaded hydrogel (Rosi-hydrogel) were estimated in the presence or absence of MMP-9, respectively. Moreover, the disassembly of TG-18 hydrogel was evaluated with 9-month-old and 12-month-old mice in vivo. Owing to the bio-responsive nature of Rosi-hydrogel, the on-demand Rosiglitazone release is achieved in response to local enzymes. These findings are proved by further evaluation in the age-related meibomian gland dysfunction mice model, and the bio-responsive hydrogel is used as an in-situ injection to treat eyelid diseases. Taken together, the in-situ eyelid injection with sustained drug release opens a window for the therapy of inflammation related eyelid diseases.
Role of the collecting duct in the regulation of sodium balance.
Authors: J HStein, M AKirschenbaum, W HBay, R WOsgood, T FFerris
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

A large body of evidence has accumulated which demonstrates that sodium transport in some distal nephron segment is altered in response to changes in extracellular fluid volume. Sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle and distal tubule is directly related to delivery rate and is not inhibited by volume expansion. In contrast, recent studies have shown that Ringer loading causes a greater natriuretic response than hyperoncotic albumin because of diminished collecting duct sodium transport in the former model. Additional studies in animals with different basal extracellular fluid volumes and in DOCA-escape rats indicate further that the collecting duct is an important regulator of sodium balance. Although the factors that modulate sodium transport in the collecting duct are not clear, it is postulated that the local release of prostaglandins may be of major importance.
Abnormal electrical properties of myocytes from chronically infarcted canine heart. Alterations in Vmax and the transient outward current.
Authors: W MLue, P ABoyden
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDReentrant ventricular arrhythmias can occur in the surviving muscle fibers of the epicardial border zone of the canine heart 5 days after coronary artery occlusion. To understand the cellular basis of these arrhythmias, we developed a method of dispersing myocytes (IZs) from the epicardial border zone.METHODS AND RESULTSWe compared the electrophysiological properties of IZs with those of cells dispersed from the epicardium of control noninfarcted (NZs) and of sham-operated animals (NZsham). Transmembrane action potentials of IZs are reduced in total action potential amplitude and maximum upstroke velocity compared with NZs. However, resting potential of IZs is no different from that of NZs. Action potential duration at -10 mV is significantly reduced in IZs compared with control, and IZ potentials do not show the typical spike and dome morphology that is evident in all NZs. Using Vmax as an indirect measure of the peak inward current available for the upstroke of the action potential, we found...
Effects of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside on large and small coronary vessels in conscious dogs.
Authors: PMacho, S FVatner
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) and nitroprusside (NPR) were examined in conscious dogs on measurements of left circumflex coronary blood flow and coronary diameter and on calculations of late diastolic coronary resistance (LDCR) and left circumflex coronary internal cross-sectional area (CSA). The effects of infusions of NTG, 8 microgram/kg/Min for 7 minutes, and NPR, 2.5 microgram/kg/min for 7 minutes, were compared. These doses of NTG and NPR induced similar effects on mean arterial and left ventricular (LV) systolic and end-diastolic pressure, heart rate and LV dP/dt. However, NTG induced significantly greater (p less than 0.05) increases in CSA than NPR, while NPR induced significantly greater (p less than 0.05) reductions in LDCR than NTG. Just before cessation of infusion, CSA rose by 29.2 +/- 4.7% with NTG and by 22.7 +/- 3.9% with NPR, while LDCR fell by 8.8 +/- 3.3% with NTG and by 21.6 +/- 2.7% with NPR. Moreover, the effects of NTG on CSA were significantly more sustained than those for NPR...
From the authors:
Authors: N. Ambrosino, N. Carpenè, M. Gheradi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

We would like to thank A.J. Hon and J.R. Bach for their interest in our article 1 and for their useful suggestions concerning management of these patients. We apologise that we neglected to cite the reference quoted in the paper 2.

They seem to suspect that we are fans of tracheostomy ventilation (TIV), always and in any way. We want …
Segmental alpha-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in the canine coronary circulation.
Authors: K OKelley, E OFeigl
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

Recent studies from this laboratory have indicated that sympathetic alpha-receptor-mediated coronary vasoconstriction can compete with local metabolic vasodilation to reduce the oxygen supply to the myocardium. In vitro studies from other laboratories on isolated coronary vessel strips suggest that large epicardial vessels are the dominant site of adrenergic alpha-receptor activity. In this study we used anesthetized, open-chest dogs to test the hypothesis that alpha-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction occurs predominantly in epicardial vessels, which are partially removed from the metabolic milieu in the myocardium. Adrenergic beta-receptor blockade was achieved by propranolol (3 mg/kg, iv). The circumflex coronary artery was pump-perfused at constant pressure to minimize passive changes in large vessel resistance. Pressure was measured at the tip of the perfusion cannula sealed in the circumflex artery, and in an apical branch of the circumflex artery. Large vessel resistance was calculated as the pressu...
Myocardial viability in patients with Q wave myocardial infarction and no residual ischemia.
Authors: GMontalescot, MFaraggi, GDrobinski, OMessian, JEvans, YGrosgogeat, DThomas
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDCoronary revascularization in patients with persistent angina after myocardial infarction reduces the incidence of recurrent angina pectoris and myocardial infarction and improves left ventricular function. The results of revascularization after a Q wave myocardial infarction when there is no residual ischemia may depend on myocardial viability.METHODS AND RESULTSTo determine whether there was viable myocardium in the infarct area in the absence of clinical and scintigraphic evidence of myocardial ischemia, 15 asymptomatic patients with a Q wave myocardial infarction, no redistribution on stress 201Tl test, and single-vessel disease (greater than 70% stenosis) with persistent anterograde blood flow were randomized to percutaneous transluminal coronary artery angioplasty (PTCA) or conservative medical treatment. After 2 months of follow-up, mean coronary blood flow measured by Doppler catheter in the infarct-related artery was higher in the PTCA treatment group (33 +/- 6 ml/min, n = 8) than in th...
Beneficial effects of dopamine combined with intravenous nitroglycerin on hemodynamics in patients with severe left ventricular failure.
Authors: H SLoeb, J POstrenga, WGaul, JWitt, GFreeman, PScanlon, R MGunnar
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Hemodynamic effects of dopamine and intravenous nitroglycerin alone, and in combination, were studied in 27 patients with severe left ventricular failure. Dopamine alone increased cardiac index from 1.8 to 2.5 l/min/m2 but also increased wedge pressure from 24 to 30 mm Hg and heart rate from 88 to 101 beats/min. Arterial oxygen saturation fell from 92% to 87% (p less than .001). Nitroglycerin alone had a lesser effect on cardiac index (1.8 to 2.2 l/min/m2) but decreased wedge pressure from 26 to 16 mm Hg and heart rate from 91 to 86 beats/min. Arterial oxygen saturation fell from 91% to 90% (NS). Combined dopamine and nitroglycerin administration resulted in optimal hemodynamics, with cardiac index of 2.9 l/min/m2, wedge pressure of 17 mm Hg, and heart rate of 96 beats/min. Arterial oxygen saturation remained low at 88% in spite of the reduction in left ventricular filling pressure, which probably reflects increased intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting coupled with increased pulmonary blood flow. These r...
Origin of the background sodium current and effects of sodium removal in cultured embryonic cardiac cells.
Authors: R HMead, W TClusin
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Cardiac automaticity is partly due to a diastolic sodium current. Possible mediators of this include tetrodotoxin-sensitive fast channels, cesium-sensitive time-dependent pacemaker current channels, calcium-gated nonspecific channels, and electrogenic sodium-calcium exchange. We have studied the effects of abrupt sodium removal on membrane current and conductance in voltage-clamped chick embryonic myocardial cell aggregates, in the presence of various sodium flux inhibitors. Total replacement of sodium by lithium, Tris, or tetraethylammonium ions in aggregates clamped in the pacemaker range caused a brief outward current followed by a sustained net inward current. The outward current reached a peak value of 1.1 +/- 0.5 microA/cm2 at a mean latency of 5.4 +/- 1.2 sec. (n = 6; V = -70.5 +/- 8.9 mV; Tris). Conductance often decreased during the outward current. The inward current developed exponentially (t = 19 +/- 5 sec) and reached a steady state value of -1.6 +/- 0.4 microA/cm2. This current was reverse...
Neutralization of endogenous tumor necrosis factor ameliorates the severity of myosin-induced myocarditis.
Authors: S CSmith, P MAllen
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) are pluripotent cytokines and have multiple functions during the inflammatory response. Using a murine model of autoimmune myocarditis, we studied the role of TNF and IFN-gamma in myocardial inflammation. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against TNF-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma were administered to myosin-immunized A/J mice to assess the effect on the severity of myocardial inflammation. Anti-TNF treatment significantly reduced the severity of myocarditis compared with rat immunoglobulin G or saline controls (p less than 0.0007) when given before myosin immunization. Myosin-specific lymph node T-cell proliferation studies showed no difference in the proliferative response between the anti-TNF-treated mice and controls. Administration of anti-TNF to mice after myosin immunization had no effect on the severity of inflammation. This suggests that TNF is an important mediator early in the pathogenesis of myocardial inflammation in this model of myocar...
TCTAP A-029 Incidence, Predictors and Management of Coronary Artery Perforations in the Contemporary Era - A 10-year Dataset
Authors: Hamza Umar, Ashwin Roy, Mohammed Ali Osheiba, Peter Ludman, Jonathan Townend, Adnan Nadir, Sagar Doshi, Alexander Zaphiriou, Sohail Khan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Slovenia: results of two rounds of a nationwide population study on a probability-based sample, challenges and lessons learned
Authors: Mario Poljak, Anja Oštrbenk Valenčak, Erik Štrumbelj, Polona Maver Vodičar, Vasja Vehovar, Katarina Resman Rus, Miša Korva, Nataša Knap, Katja Seme, Miroslav Petrovec, Blaž Zupan, Janez Demšar, Slavko Kurdija, Tatjana Avšič Županc
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2021)

ObjectivesSeroprevalence surveys provide crucial information on cumulative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure. This Slovenian nationwide population study is the first longitudinal 6-month serosurvey using probability-based samples across all age categories.MethodsEach participant supplied two blood samples: 1316 samples in April 2020 (first round) and 1211 in October/November 2020 (second round). The first-round sera were tested using Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG (ELISA) and, because of uncertain estimates, were retested using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Elecsys-N) and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Elecsys-S). The second-round sera were concomitantly tested using Elecsys-N/Elecsys-S.ResultsThe populations of both rounds matched the overall population (n = 3000), with minor settlement type and age differences. The first-round seroprevalence corrected for the ELISA manufacturer's specificity was 2.78% (95% highest density interval [HDI] 1.81%–3.80%), corrected using pooled ELISA specificity calculated from published data 0.93% (95% CI 0.00%–2.65%), and based on Elecsys-N/Elecsys-S results 0.87% (95% HDI 0.40%–1.38%). The second-round unadjusted lower limit of seroprevalence on 11 November 2020 was 4.06% (95% HDI 2.97%–5.16%) and on 3 October 2020, unadjusted upper limit was 4.29% (95% HDI 3.18%–5.47%).ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Slovenia increased four-fold from late April to October/November 2020, mainly due to a devastating second wave. Significant logistic/methodological challenges accompanied both rounds. The main lessons learned were a need for caution when relying on manufacturer-generated assay evaluation data, the importance of multiple manufacturer-independent assay performance assessments, the need for concomitant use of highly-specific serological assays targeting different SARS-CoV-2 proteins in serosurveys conducted in low-prevalence settings or during epidemic exponential growth and the usefulness of a Bayesian approach for overcoming complex methodological challenges.
The arachidonic acid metabolic capacity of canine myocardium is increased during healing of acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: E RMcCluskey, P BCorr, B ILee, J ESaffitz, PNeedleman
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

The relative capacity for metabolizing [14C]arachidonic acid into biologically active products was studied in microsomes prepared from both normal and infarcted regions of myocardium at three different times after circumflex coronary artery occlusion in the dog. At 3 days after infarction, when polymorphonuclear leukocytes were the predominant invading cell, the ability of infarcted left ventricle microsomes to produce arachidonic acid metabolites was greater than that of microsomes from normal areas of the same hearts. At 3 weeks after infarction, when macrophages were the predominant infiltrating cell and there was a proliferation of blood vessels and fibroblasts, there continued to be significant increases in the production of both prostacyclin (measured as 6-keto PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane (measured as TxB2). This enhanced production was still seen at 3 months after infarction at a time when histological examination of the tissue showed that it was still healing with both blood vessels and fibroblast...
Abstract 14826: Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Disease Among South Asians in a National Biobank
Authors: Aniruddh P Patel, Minxian Wang, Uri Kartoun, Kenney Ng, Amit V Khera
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Individuals of South Asian ancestry represent 23% of the world population and experience substantially increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to most other ethnicities. AHA/ACC practice guidelines recognize South Asian ancestry as an important ‘risk-enhancing’ factor. The magnitude of increased risk despite contemporary care, extent to which it is captured by existing risk estimators, and its potential mechanisms warrant further study. Methods: We studied 9,310 individuals of South Asian ancestry and 456,454 individuals of European ancestry free of baseline CAD from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Results: Over a median follow-up of 8.1 years, we confirm a striking increase in incident CAD events in individuals of South Asian ancestry, occurring in 352 (3.8%) of South Asians versus 10,165 (2.2%) of European ancestry individuals. After adjusting for age, sex, and enrollment site, this corresponded to a hazard ratio of 2.25 (95% CI 2.02 - 2.52; p&lt;0.001). Importantly, this increased risk was not predicted by the AHA/ACC Pooled Cohorts Equation, which estimates similar 10-year risk for South Asians and European ancestry individuals. Adjustment for a broad range of clinical, anthropometric, and lifestyle risk factors led to modest attenuation of the hazard ratio to 1.73 (95% CI 1.43 - 2.09; p&lt;0.001). By analyzing the population attributable fractions (PAF) of various risk factors, we observe that diabetes accounts for an outsized proportion of risk in South Asians (PAF 0.20, 95% CI 0.14 - 0.25 vs. 0.07, 95% CI 0.06 - 0.08 in European ancestry individuals) and current smoking accounted for a higher proportion of risk in individuals of European ancestry (PAF of 0.08, 95% CI 0.07 - 0.09 vs. 0.02, 95% CI -0.02 - 0.05 in South Asians). Conclusion: In the largest prospective study to date, we confirm and extend prior observations of a substantially increased risk of CAD among South Asians that is not captured by current clinical risk estimators.
Characterization of the functional significance of subcritical coronary stenoses with H(2)15O and positron-emission tomography.
Authors: R MKnabb, K AFox, B ESobel, S RBergmann
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We have previously developed a method employing cardiac positron-emission tomography (PET) with 15O (half-life 2.1 min)-labeled water (H2(15)O) and blood pool subtraction with C15O for assessment of myocardial perfusion. This study was performed to determine whether the method developed permits detection of the differences in blood flow, induced by vasodilator stress, indicative of functionally significant subcritical coronary stenosis despite normal perfusion at rest. Coronary stenoses were induced with a small Teflon cylinder placed in the left anterior descending coronary artery of the closed-chest dog. Regional myocardial blood flow was assessed tomographically with H(2)15O given intravenously and C15O given inhalation. Blood flow distal to the stenoses was normal under conditions of rest. However, significant reductions in the hyperemic response to dipyridamole were detected consistently in regions distal to 50% to 70% diameter stenoses. Flow distal to stenoses more than doubled in absolute terms in ...
Effects of intracellular acidosis on [Ca2+]i transients, transsarcolemmal Ca2+ fluxes, and contraction in ventricular myocytes.
Authors: OKohmoto, K WSpitzer, M AMovsesian, W HBarry
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We examined the effects of intracellular acidosis produced by washout of NH4Cl on [Ca2+]i transients (indo-1 fluorescence), cell contraction (video motion detector), and 45Ca and 24Na fluxes in cultured chick embryo ventricular myocytes. Exposure of cells to 10 mM NH4Cl produced intracellular alkalosis (pH 7.6), and subsequent washout resulted in a transient acidosis (pH 6.5). Exposure to 10 mM NH4Cl slightly decreased [Ca2+]i transients but increased the amplitude of cell contraction. Subsequent washout of NH4Cl initially increased diastolic [Ca2+]i and decreased the peak positive and negative d[Ca2+]i/dt, while the amplitude of cell contraction was markedly decreased. Subsequently, peak systolic [Ca2+]i increased with partial recovery of contraction. A similar increase in [Ca2+]i and decrease in contraction after washout of NH4Cl was observed in single paced adult guinea pig ventricular cells. Acidosis decreased 45Ca uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles isolated from chick embryo ventricle. However...
Double Over-The-Scope Clip (OTSC) Closure Following Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent (LAMS) Dislodgement Allows Single-Session Eus-Directed Transgastric Ercp (EDGE)
Authors: R Sanchez-Ocana, E Fuentes Valenzuela, M de Benito Sanz, C Chavarria Herbozo, C de la Serna Higuera, M Perez-Miranda
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patient underwent EDGE for choledocholithiasis. A 20-mm LAMS was placed from jejunum into remnant stomach and balloon-dilated. Following through-the-LAMS passage, duodenoscope angulation at the pylorus resulted in peritoneal dislodgment of the proximal flange. The jejunal perforation was OTSC closed. A repeat EDGE access was obtained more proximally with another gastro-gastric 20-mm LAMS. This second LAMS access was used to sequentially remove the first dislodged LAMS from the remnant stomach, OTSC close the gastric perforation, and perform through-the-LAMS ERCP with sphincterotomy and bile-duct clearance, uneventfully. Angulation determines dislodgment during EDGE. OTSC closure permits single-session EDGE despite dislodgment.
The effects of intra-arterial and intraportal injections of vasopressin on the simultaneously perfused hepatic arterial and portal venous vascular beds of the dog.
Authors: P DRichardson, P GWithrington
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

The hepatic arterial and hepatic portal venous vascular beds of the chloralose-urethane anesthetized dog were perfused simultaneously in situ. Vasopressin (10 mU = 1 unit) was injected in graded increasing doses into the hepatic artery and into the portal vein. Both intra-arterial and intraportal vasopressin elicited both hepatic arterial vasoconstriction and hepatic venous dilation; the delay in onset of both hepatic vascular effects was significantly shorter than that for any succeeding systemic effects (a rise in systemic arterial pressure and fall in heart rate), showing that they were not attributable to recirculation or to arterial baroreceptor reflexes. Injections of vasopressin into the inferior vena cava at the level of the hepatic veins consistently produced smaller hepatic vascular effects than either intra-arterial or intraportal injections of the same doses. The results are discussed in the context of the therapeutic role of vasopressin in controlling gastrointestinal bleeding and portal hype...
Mechanism of relief of pacing induced angina with oral verapamil: reduced oxygen demand.
Authors: J LRouleau, KChatterjee, T APorts, M BDoyle, BHiramatsu, W WParmley
Journal: Circulation (1983)

To evaluate the influence of oral verapamil (80 and 120 mg) on angina threshold, coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption and left ventricular function, we subjected 13 patients with effort angina and fixed obstructive coronary artery disease to atrial pacing at progressively higher heart rates. After 120 mg of verapamil, the time to onset of angina and the heart rate at the onset of ST-segment depression increased by 18% (p less than 0.005) and 10% (p less than 0.001), respectively, without any change in the angina threshold (rate-pressure product at the onset of angina). The rate-pressure product, coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were lower at rest and at pre-angina heart rates but not when the angina threshold was reached. Thus, the beneficial effect of verapamil was primarily due to decreased myocardial oxygen demand rather than to increased coronary blood flow. The decreased demand resulted from a lower arterial pressure at each pacing rate. In these patients without he...