tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association Between Race and COVID-19 Outcomes Among 2.6 Million Children in England
Authors: Defne Saatci, Tom A. Ranger, Cesar Garriga, Ash Kieran Clift, Francesco Zaccardi, Pui San Tan, Martina Patone, Carol Coupland, Anthony Harnden, Simon J. Griffin, Kamlesh Khunti, Hajira Dambha-Miller, Julia Hippisley-Cox
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Although children mainly experience mild COVID-19 disease, hospitalization rates are increasing, with limited understanding of underlying factors. There is an established association between race and severe COVID-19 outcomes in adults in England; however, whether a similar association exists in children is unclear.To investigate the association between race and childhood COVID-19 testing and hospital outcomes.In this cohort study, children (0-18 years of age) from participating family practices in England were identified in the QResearch database between January 24 and November 30, 2020. The QResearch database has individually linked patients with national SARS-CoV-2 testing, hospital admission, and mortality data.The main characteristic of interest is self-reported race. Other exposures were age, sex, deprivation level, geographic region, household size, and comorbidities (asthma; diabetes; and cardiac, neurologic, and hematologic conditions).The primary outcome was hospital admission with confirmed COVID-19. Secondary outcomes were SARS-CoV-2-positive test result and any hospital attendance with confirmed COVID-19 and intensive care admission.Of 2 576 353 children (mean [SD] age, 9.23 [5.24] years; 48.8% female), 410 726 (15.9%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 26 322 (6.4%) tested positive. A total of 1853 children (0.07%) with confirmed COVID-19 attended hospital, 343 (0.01%) were admitted to the hospital, and 73 (0.002%) required intensive care. Testing varied across race. White children had the highest proportion of SARS-CoV-2 tests (223 701/1 311 041 [17.1%]), whereas Asian children (33 213/243 545 [13.6%]), Black children (7727/93 620 [8.3%]), and children of mixed or other races (18 971/147 529 [12.9%]) had lower proportions. Compared with White children, Asian children were more likely to have COVID-19 hospital admissions (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.12-2.36), whereas Black children (adjusted OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.90-2.31) and children of mixed or other races (adjusted OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.93-2.10) had comparable hospital admissions. Asian children were more likely to be admitted to intensive care (adjusted OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.07-4.14), and Black children (adjusted OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.08-4.94) and children of mixed or other races (adjusted OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.25-3.65) had longer hospital admissions (≥36 hours).In this large population-based study exploring the association between race and childhood COVID-19 testing and hospital outcomes, several race-specific disparities were observed in severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, ascertainment bias and residual confounding in this cohort study should be considered before drawing any further conclusions. Overall, findings of this study have important public health implications internationally.
Perioperative pharmacokinetic-guided factor VIII concentrate dosing in haemophilia (OPTI-CLOT trial): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Iris van Moort, Tim Preijers, Laura H Bukkems, Hendrika C A M Hazendonk, Johanna G van der Bom, Britta A P Laros-van Gorkom, Erik A M Beckers, Laurens Nieuwenhuizen, Felix J M van der Meer, Paula Ypma, Michiel Coppens, Karin Fijnvandraat, Roger E G Schutgens, Karina Meijer, Frank W G Leebeek, Ron A A Mathôt, Marjon H Cnossen, Marjon H. Cnossen, Frank W.G. Leebeek, Ron A.A. Mathôt, Karin Fijnvandraat, Michiel Coppens, Karina Meijer, Marieke J.H.A. Kruip, Suzanne Polinder, Janske Lock, Hendrika C.A.M. Hazendonk, Iris Van Moort, Jessica M. Heijdra, Marie C.H.J. Goedhart, Wala Al Arashi, Tim Preijers, Nico C.B. De Jager, Laura H. Bukkems, Michael E. Cloesmeijer, Alexander Janssen, Rienk Y.J. Tamminga, Paul Brons, Saskia E.M. Schols, Jeroen C.J. Eikenboom, Felix J.M. Van der Meer, Roger E.G. Schutgens, Kathelijne Fischer, Karin P.M. Van Galen, Erik E.A.M. Beckers, Floor C.J.I. Heubel-Moenen, Laurens Nieuwenhuizen, Paula Ypma, Mariëtte H.E. Driessens, Ineke Van Vliet, Peter W. Collins, Ri Liesner, Pratima Chowdary, Carolyn M. Millar, Dan Hart, David Keeling
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2021)
SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Vaccines
Authors: Philip R Krause, Thomas R Fleming, Ira M Longini, Richard Peto, Sylvie Briand, David L Heymann, Valerie Beral, Matthew D Snape, Helen Rees, Alba-Maria Ropero, Ran D Balicer, Jakob P Cramer, César Muñoz-Fontela, Marion Gruber, Rogerio Gaspar, Jerome A Singh, Kanta Subbarao, Maria D Van Kerkhove, Soumya Swaminathan, Michael J Ryan, Ana-Maria Henao-Restrepo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Viral variants of concern may emerge with dangerous resistance to the immunity generated by the current vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Moreover, if some variants of concern have increased transmissibility or virulence, the importance of efficient public health measures and vaccination programs will increase. The global response must be both timely and science based.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain—Reply
Authors: Christelle Nguyen, Rafael Zegarra-Parodi, Isabelle Boutron
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
LncRNA ZNF593-AS Alleviates Contractile Dysfunction in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jiahui Fan, Huaping Li, Rong Xie, Xudong Zhang, Xiang Nie, Xiaolu Shi, Jiabing Zhan, Zhongwei Yin, Yanru Zhao, Beibei Dai, Shuai Yuan, Zheng Wen, Chen Chen, Dao Wen Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

Rationale: Previously, we identified the human cardiac long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) profile in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), among which ZNF593-AS, also named as RP11-96L14.7 and ENST00000448923.2, showed good conservation among species. Objective: We aim to elucidate the mechanism underlying lncRNA in DCM and DCM that lead to heart failure, which might provide new insights into the mechanisms of DCM and possible treatment strategies in the future. Methods and Results: LncRNA expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization assays. Coding potential was verified by bioinformatic and biologic assays. Recombinant adeno-associated virus with cardiac-specific promoter was used to deliver lncRNA in vivo, while cardiac structure and functions were assessed by echocardiography and catheter. Sarcomere shortening, calcium imaging, gene expression profiling, and pull-down assays were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. ZNF593-AS, which mainly localized in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes, was robustly decreased in the failing heart of patients with DCM, as well as in phenylephrine-treated human cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of mmu-ZNF593-AS significantly improved transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. Moreover, ZNF593-AS overexpression restored the aberrant Ca 2+ handling and contractility of cardiomyocytes from transverse aortic constriction-treated mice. Furthermore, we found that ZNF593-AS acted as a guide RNA scaffold and recruited HNRNPC (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C [C1/C2]) to RYR2 (ryanodine receptor type 2) mRNA, which, in turn, facilitated RYR2 mRNA stability, contributed to the improvement of cardiac Ca 2+ handling and contractile function in DCM. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that lncRNA-based therapeutics may protect against DCM.
Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Prevalence Meta-Analysis
Authors: Raffaella Casolino, Salvatore Paiella, Danila Azzolina, Philip A. Beer, Vincenzo Corbo, Giulia Lorenzoni, Dario Gregori, Talia Golan, Chiara Braconi, Fieke E. M. Froeling, Michele Milella, Aldo Scarpa, Antonio Pea, Giuseppe Malleo, Roberto Salvia, Claudio Bassi, David K. Chang, Andrew V. Biankin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

To analyze the prevalence of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Patient commentary: How power imbalances in the narratives, research, and publications around long covid can harm patients
Authors: Amali U Lokugamage, Frances K Simpson, Carolyn A Chew-Graham
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Patient commentary: How power imbalances in the narratives, research, and publications around long covid can harm patients Amali Lokugamage and colleagues argue that patients are still struggling to get their voices heard above doctors, a situation that risks "structural iatrogenesis'
The neuromicrobiology of Parkinson’s disease: A unifying theory
Authors: Mario F. Munoz-Pinto, Nuno Empadinhas, Sandra M. Cardoso
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2021)

Recent evidence confirms that PD is indeed a multifactorial disease with different aetiologies and prodromal symptomatology that likely depend on the initial trigger. New players with important roles as triggers, facilitators and aggravators of the PD neurodegenerative process have re-emerged in the last few years, the microbes. Having evolved in association with humans for ages, microbes and their products are now seen as fundamental regulators of human physiology with disturbances in their balance being increasingly accepted to have a relevant impact on the progression of disease in general and on PD in particular. In this review, we comprehensively address early studies that have directly or indirectly linked bacteria or other infectious agents to the onset and progression of PD, from the earliest suspects to the most recent culprits, the gut microbiota. The quest for effective treatments to arrest PD progression must inevitably address the different interactions between microbiota and human cells, and naturally consider the gut-brain axis. The comprehensive characterization of such mechanisms will help design innovative bacteriotherapeutic approaches to selectively shape the gut microbiota profile ultimately to halt PD progression. The present review describes our current understanding of the role of microorganisms and their endosymbiotic relatives, the mitochondria, in inducing, facilitating, or aggravating PD pathogenesis.
Prevention and Attenuation of Covid-19 with the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines
Authors: Mark G Thompson, Jefferey L Burgess, Allison L Naleway, Harmony Tyner, Sarang K Yoon, Jennifer Meece, Lauren E W Olsho, Alberto J Caban-Martinez, Ashley L Fowlkes, Karen Lutrick, Holly C Groom, Kayan Dunnigan, Marilyn J Odean, Kurt Hegmann, Elisha Stefanski, Laura J Edwards, Natasha Schaefer-Solle, Lauren Grant, Katherine Ellingson, Jennifer L Kuntz, Tnelda Zunie, Matthew S Thiese, Lynn Ivacic, Meredith G Wesley, Julie Mayo Lamberte, Xiaoxiao Sun, Michael E Smith, Andrew L Phillips, Kimberly D Groover, Young M Yoo, Joseph Gerald, Rachel T Brown, Meghan K Herring, Gregory Joseph, Shawn Beitel, Tyler C Morrill, Josephine Mak, Patrick Rivers, Brandon P Poe, Brian Lynch, Yingtao Zhou, Jing Zhang, Anna Kelleher, Yan Li, Monica Dickerson, Erika Hanson, Kyley Guenther, Suxiang Tong, Allen Bateman, Erik Reisdorf, John Barnes, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Danielle R Hunt, Melissa L Arvay, Preeta Kutty, Alicia M Fry, Manjusha Gaglani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Information is limited regarding the effectiveness of the two-dose messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) in preventing infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and in attenuating coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) when administered in real-world conditions.
Temporal maturation of neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent individuals improves potency and breadth to circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Saya Moriyama, Yu Adachi, Takashi Sato, Keisuke Tonouchi, Lin Sun, Shuetsu Fukushi, Souichi Yamada, Hitomi Kinoshita, Kiyoko Nojima, Takayuki Kanno, Minoru Tobiume, Keita Ishijima, Yudai Kuroda, Eun-Sil Park, Taishi Onodera, Takayuki Matsumura, Tomohiro Takano, Kazutaka Terahara, Masanori Isogawa, Ayae Nishiyama, Ai Kawana-Tachikawa, Masaharu Shinkai, Natsuo Tachikawa, Shigeki Nakamura, Takahiro Okai, Kazu Okuma, Tetsuro Matano, Tsuguto Fujimoto, Ken Maeda, Makoto Ohnishi, Takaji Wakita, Tadaki Suzuki, Yoshimasa Takahashi
Journal: Immunity (2021)

Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 slowly wane over time. Here, we examined how time affects antibody potency. To assess the impact of antibody maturation on durable neutralizing activity against original SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants of concern (VOCs), we analyzed receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG antibodies in convalescent plasma taken 1-10 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Longitudinal evaluation of total RBD IgG and neutralizing antibody revealed declining total antibody titers but improved neutralization potency per antibody to original SARS-CoV-2, indicative of antibody response maturation. Neutralization assays with authentic viruses revealed that early antibodies capable of neutralizing original SARS-CoV-2 had limited reactivity toward B.1.351 (501Y.V2) and P.1 (501Y.V3) variants. Antibodies from late convalescents exhibited increased neutralization potency to VOCs, suggesting persistence of cross-neutralizing antibodies in plasma. Thus, maturation of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 potentiates cross-neutralizing ability to circulating variants, suggesting that declining antibody titers may not be indicative of declining protection.
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as a preventive target in melanoma brain metastasis
Authors: Cedric Tehranian, Laura Fankhauser, Patrick N Harter, Colin D H Ratcliffe, Pia S Zeiner, Julia M Messmer, Dirk C Hoffmann, Katharina Frey, Dana Westphal, Michael W Ronellenfitsch, Erik Sahai, Wolfgang Wick, Matthia A Karreman, Frank Winkler
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Brain metastases (BM) are a frequent complication of malignant melanoma (MM), with limited treatment options and poor survival. Prevention of BM could be more effective and better tolerated than treating established BM in various conditions.
Respiratory disease, and treatment / thematic poster session tracheostomy is associated with a decrease in delirium in intubated COVID-19 patients
Authors: C. Morton, M. A. Pisani, M. Doyle, J. Puchalski
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Background -Patients intubated due to COVID-19 can experience prolonged intubation and have a significant risk of hospital-acquired delirium. Consequences of delirium include longer hospitals stays, increased risk of death and persistent cognitive impairment. We hypothesize that tracheostomy facilitates ventilator liberation, may decrease ICU LOS and allows for improved patient communication and early mobility, all which may help improve delirium. This can help inform timing of tracheostomy for future outbreaks of COVID-19 or similar illnesses . Methods - We retrospectively evaluated 32 COVID-19 patients that underwent tracheostomy for prolonged intubation at a single tertiary care center. Bedside tracheostomy was performed by 2 experienced operators. We captured daily CAM-ICU and RASS for 7 days prior to and following tracheostomy. We defined patients as having coma or delirium if their RASS was -4 or -5 or they had a positive CAM-ICU score. Patients were considered not comatose or delirious if their RASS was -3 or higher and they had a negative CAM-ICU. We computed the average proportion of delirium days for each patient both pre-and post-tracheostomy and used a paired t-test to determine if there was a significant change in this outcome Results - The average age of our patients was 57 (SD=11.13), 26 (83.9%) were male and 20 (62.5%) were Hispanic. The average ICU length of stay was 53 days (SD=16.8). The average length of time until tracheostomy after intubation was 28 days (SD=8.51). Greater than 90% of the patient data days had recorded RASS scores and CAM-ICU assessments. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of days of coma or delirium (mean decrease in proportion 0.16, sd=.32, p-value = 0.008) post-tracheostomy. The mean RASS before tracheostomy was -2.12 (SD=1.59) and the mean RASS after tracheostomy was -1.30 (SD=1.50). Discussion - At our institution, COVID-19 patients had significantly fewer days of delirium in the 7 days after tracheostomy than 7 days prior to the procedure. These patients also had a higher (less negative) RASS. The reason for this difference is likely multifactorial and includes differences in sedation before and after tracheostomy, improved ability to communicate and ability to be discharged from the ICU. References:Salluh, Jorge IF, et al. 'Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.' bmj 350 (2015). Van Rompaey, Bart, et al. 'Risk factors for delirium in intensive care patients: a prospective cohort study.' Critical care 13.3 (2009): R77. .
Rigidity Bridging Flexibility to Harmonize Three Excited‐State Deactivation Pathways for NIR‐II‐Fluorescent‐Imaging‐Guided Phototherapy
Authors: Weijing Huang, Huocheng Yang, Zongxing Hu, Yifan Fan, Xiaofang Guan, Wenqi Feng, Zhihong Liu, Yao Sun
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Small organic phototherapeutic molecules of the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window (1000–1700 nm) serve as promising candidates for theranostics. However, developing such versatile agents for fluorescence‐guided photodynamic/photothermal therapy remains a demanding task stirred by competitive energy dissipation pathways, including radiative decay, internal conversion, and intersystem crossing. To the best of current knowledge, the current paradigm for addressing the issue has deliberately approached the optimum balance among three deactivation processes through offsetting from each other, possibly leading to a comprehensively compromised theranostic efficacy. Few reports aim to modulate the three deactivation pathways excluding sacrificing any one of them. Herein, a molecular design strategy to construct a phototherapeutic organic fluorophore CCNU‐1060 , armed with NIR‐II luorescence‐guided phototherapeutic properties, is rationally developed. With a flexible motor, tetraphenylethene, bridged to the rigidified coplanar core boron‐azadipyrromethene, the desired CCNU‐1060 is subsequently encapsulated into an amphiphilic matrix to form CCNU‐1060 nanoparticles (NPs), which match or transcend its precursor NJ‐1060 NPs in the three energy dissipation processes. CCNU‐1060 NPs are utilized to realize high‐spatial vessel imaging and effective NIR‐II fluorescence‐guided phototherapeutic tumor ablation. This study unlocks a viewpoint of molecular engineering that simultaneously regulates multiple energy dissipation pathways for the construction of versatile phototherapy agents.
Replacement of Sedentary Behavior by Various Daily-Life Physical Activities and Structured Exercises: Genetic Risk and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Xiang Li, Tao Zhou, Hao Ma, Zhaoxia Liang, Vivian A. Fonseca, Lu Qi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE To prospectively analyze the association of sedentary behavior time with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk and perform the isotemporal substitution analyses to estimate the effect of substitution of sedentary behaviors by equal time of different types of daily-life physical activities and structured exercise. We also examined modifications by the genetic predisposition to T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 475,502 participants free of T2D in the UK Biobank. Sedentary time was quantified by summing up the time spent on television watching, computer use, and driving. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11 years, we documented 18,169 incident T2D cases. In comparison of the extreme categories (≥6 vs. &amp;lt;2 h/day), the hazard ratio for T2D was 1.58 (95% CI 1.47, 1.71) after adjustment for age, race, sex, lifestyle factors, and other covariates. Replacing 30 min of sedentary behavior per day with an equal amount of time of different types of daily-life activities and structured exercise was significantly associated with a 6–31% risk reduction of T2D, with strenuous sports showing the strongest (31%, 95% CI 24, 37) benefit. Moreover, we found a significant interaction between sedentary behavior and genetic predisposition for the risk of T2D (Pinteraction = 0.0008). The association was more profound among participants with a lower genetic risk of T2D. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that sedentary behavior time is associated with an increased risk of T2D; replacing sedentary behavior with a short duration (30 min/day) of daily-life physical activities or structured exercise is related to a significant reduction in T2D risk. Furthermore, such association was stronger among those with a lower genetic risk of T2D.
Primary results of the randomized trial of metformin administration in polycystic kidney disease (TAME PKD)
Authors: Ronald D. Perrone, Kaleab Z. Abebe, Terry J. Watnick, Andrew D. Althouse, Kenneth R. Hallows, Christina M. Lalama, Dana C. Miskulin, Stephen L. Seliger, Cheng Tao, Peter C. Harris, Kyongtae Ty Bae
Journal: Kidney International (2021)
AIDD, Autonomy, and Military Ethics
Authors: Sally J. Scholz
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

This article refers to:Artificial Intelligence, Social Media and Depression. A New Concept of Health-Related Digital AutonomyBlack Boxes and Bias in AI Challenge AutonomyError, Reliability and Health-Related Digital Autonomy in AI Diagnoses of Social Media AnalysisConsultation with Doctor Twitter: Consent Fatigue, and the Role of Developers in Digital Medical Ethics
Sublethal Levels of Aldehydes Augmented Cardiac Anti-Oxidant Defense through Activation of elF2 alpha-ATF4 Pathway via GCN2 Kinase
Authors: Suematsu M, Nishimaki K, Ohsawa I, Ohta S, Ogawa S, Fukuda K, Adachi T, Yuasa S, Katayama T, Sano M, Hayashida K, Matsuhashi T, Tokudome S, Kageyama T
Journal: Circulation (2008)