tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical clerkship. Milestone or millstone?
Authors: C. G. Child
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Most clinical educators agree that for many years the clinical clerkship has been, and probably still is for that matter, their most important pedagogic method for instructing medical students in medicine and surgery. In this day of crisis and ferment in medical education, the clinical clerkship, along with other traditional systems of medical teaching, is properly being examined and reevaluated. Is the clerkship as useful as it has been? Should it be retained? Should a substitute be devised for it? Should it be modified? Efforts to answer these basic questions may be simplified by considering the clerkship's original nature and why it was introduced into medical school curricula in the first place. This should provide a reasonable background against which to examine the clerkship today. In course, some understanding may be achieved of why the surgical clerkship has apparently fallen on bad times and even amongst thieves. There are some,
Renewing the fight to end tuberculosis
Authors: None The Lancet Public Health
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2021)

Despite being detectable, preventable, and often treatable, tuberculosis has remained the top killer infectious disease globally—infecting around 10 million people and causing 1·4 million deaths a year. Although tuberculosis is now rare in the general populations of high-income countries, for people in many lower-income countries and marginalised groups, it remains a serious threat.
Oral magnesium supplementation improves exercise duration and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease Michael Shechter, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Hans S. Stuhlinger, Michael Sharir, Shlomi Matezki, Othmar Pachinger, Jorg Slany, Babeth Rabinowitz. The Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Systems-level analysis of insulin action in mouse strains provides insight into tissue- and pathway-specific interactions that drive insulin resistance
Authors: Marin E. Nelson, Søren Madsen, Kristen C. Cooke, Andreas M. Fritzen, Ida H. Thorius, Stewart W.C. Masson, Luke Carroll, Fiona C. Weiss, Marcus M. Seldin, Meg Potter, Samantha L. Hocking, Daniel J. Fazakerley, Amanda E. Brandon, Senthil Thillainadesan, Alistair M. Senior, Gregory J. Cooney, Jacqueline Stöckli, David E. James
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)
Review, Discussion, and Summary of Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Carl M. Shy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

This paper reviews and summarizes the epidemiological studies presented at the Symposium on the Health Effects of Acid Aerosols. Two studies of acute episodes examined different indicators of respiratory morbidity before, during, and after the January 1985 air pollution event in western Europe. In the U.K. no increase in respiratory morbidity, as reported by a group of general practitioners, was observed, but measured concentrations of air pollutants failed to substantiate the existence of an identifiable episode. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the air pollution episode was documented and was associated with a 10 to 25% increase in several indicators of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity, but could not be attributed to acidic aerosols as such. In two further studies, investigators related day-to-day variations in air pollution with admissions to acute care hospitals in southern Ontario for respiratory disease over a 9-year period, and with daily mortality in London from 1963 to 1972. In the study of hospital admissions, significant correlations were observed with sulfate, ozone, and SO2 pollution, but the data were insufficient to isolate the separate or combined effects of these pollutants. In the London mortality analysis, the strongest correlations were observed for sulfuric acid levels of the prior day, but prefiltering of the mortality data may have dampened the true relationship, and age- and cause-specific analyses would have been desirable. Finally two reports on chronic effects of residence in high air pollution areas have thus far made little contribution to the evidence for an adverse effect of specific pollutants.
The short-term effect of cibenzoline on left ventricular diastolic function in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy as compared with bisoprolol Isao Kondo, Katsufumi Mizushige, Shiro Nozaki, Yasuyoshi Iwado, Masakazu Kohno. The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa Medical University, Kagawa, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Rituximab Maintenance Treatment for a Maximum of 5 Years in Follicular Lymphoma: Final Results of the Randomized Phase III Trial SAKK 35/03
Authors: Christian Taverna, Giovanni Martinelli, Felicitas Hitz, Walter Mingrone, Thomas Pabst, Lidija Cevreska, Auro del Giglio, Anna Vanazzi, Daniele Laszlo, Johann Raats, Daniel Rauch, Daniel Vorobiof, Andreas Lohri, Emanuele Zucca, Celine Rueegsegger, Stephanie - Rondeau, Corinne Rusterholz, Michele Ghielmini
Journal: Blood (2018)
Integrated approach to collecting patient reported toxicities in a colorectal cancer trial.
Authors: Jacquelyne Janean Gaddy, Hanna Kelly Sanoff, Allison Mary Deal, Ethan Basch, William Allen Wood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

51 Background: Understanding the toxicities experienced by patients treated with advanced CRC is critical when considering appropriate dose modifications, standard drug dosing, and quality of life. A workflow that makes available Patient Reported Outcomes-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) to clinicians to inform overall toxicity assessment should be easy to use and focus on clinically relevant issues. The value of a system that not only collects PRO-CTCAE but integrates it with clinician grading to inform overall symptomatic adverse event assessment during clinical trials is unclear. Methods: Patients were simultaneously enrolled in a phase II multi-center clinical trial that evaluated a genotype-guided dosing strategy for irinotecan by prospectively analyzing efficacy in 100 mCRC patients receiving FOLFIRI (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan) and bevacizumab. On day 1 and day 15 of each cycle patients provided PRO-CTCAE responses on 13 symptoms (26 questions) which were made available to clinicians at the time of their toxicity assessment. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Concordance was defined as both patient and clinician giving the same response (both positive or both negative). Results: 100 patients participated in the study, of which 48% were female and 83% White. Overall, 96% of both patients and providers completed at least 80% of PRO-CTCAE forms available to them, demonstrating the feasibility of an integrated workflow for patient-clinician toxicity grading. Across all symptoms, concordance was high (73%) for the patient and provider reporting severe symptoms. 39% of patient-provider pairs reported at least 1 severe symptom and 34% of pairs never reported a severe symptom. In 23% of pairs the patient reported a severe symptom and the provider never did, and in 3% of pairs, the provider reported a severe symptom, but the patient never did. On the symptom level, the concordance was highest (&gt;90%) for dysphagia and vomiting, and lowest (74-82%) for abdominal pain, fatigue, and pain. 52 patients required dose decreases, with the first decrease most often due to hematologic toxicity (80%). In 46% of cases the patient reported at least one severe toxicity prior to or on the same day as the dose decrease, compared to 19% of cases where the provider reported at least severe toxicity prior to or on the same day as the dose decrease. Conclusions: A workflow that brings patient-reported toxicity to clinicians at the time of clinical toxicity rating is feasible. Nevertheless, discordance continues to exist between patient-reported and clinician-reported toxicity ratings, consistent with prior research. Further research could formally compare concordance when using an integrated vs a non-integrated toxicity rating workflow and could ascertain the reasons for continued discordance within an integrated workflow.
Prenatal and Postnatal Pharmacotherapy in Down Syndrome: The Search to Prevent or Ameliorate Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Renata Bartesaghi, Stefano Vicari, William C. Mobley
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2022)

Those with Down syndrome (DS)—trisomy for chromosome 21—are routinely impacted by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral challenges in children and adults and Alzheimer's disease in older adults. No proven treatments specifically address these cognitive or behavioral changes. However, advances in the establishment of rodent models and human cell models promise to support development of such treatments. A research agenda that emphasizes the identification of overexpressed genes that contribute demonstrably to abnormalities in cognition and behavior in model systems constitutes a rational next step. Normalizing expression of such genes may usher in an era of successful treatments applicable across the life span for those with DS.
Guides for History Taking and Clinical Examination of Psychiatric Cases.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Hallucinogens
Authors: S. H. Kraines
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<i>The Hallucinogens</i>is an unusually fine book. Packed with facts, it is beautifully organized, comprehensive, and authoritative. The authors, well-seasoned psychiatrists, are equally at home in research laboratories and in psychiatric wards. The book transcends a simple description of the many hallucinogens. It draws not only upon an extensive survey of the literature for information but also upon the vast and highly personalized experience of the authors. It contains not only theoretical constructs but also detailed pragmatic instructions as to dosage and administration. There are seven chapters, each replete with detail. The first chapter discusses the plant phenethylamines, the chief of which is mescaline. Significantly, the authors have isolated a group of patients called "malvarians" (so diagnosed by a special urine test and cutting across all nosologic categories) for whom drugs are much less effective than for nonmalvarians. Chapter 2 devotes 150 pages to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and includes
Glandular Interdependence.
Authors: M. H. Lackersteen
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, Sept. 25, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In an editorial on "The Vital and Psychic Complications in Castration for Prostatic Hypertrophy" which appeared in theJournalof Saturday September 19, the writer in speaking of the testicles, observes "that these organs are absolutely without function at an advanced age is most certainly untrue for many individuals.... There is probably a germ of truth in the theory of Brown-Séquard as to the invigorating influence of the testicular secretion; certainly the experimenters in organo-therapy have not lost faith in it altogether. The organs do not atrophy completely even after their special sexual function has apparently long been lost, and it is only reasonable to assume that they still have some utility in the organism." This is perfectly true. I think we may safely infer that no organ of the body performs but one function and that alone. The several tissues, using lymph
Memorandum to the President-Elect
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to the lung of the mouse in vivo: Rescue of bleomycin-induced pulmonary hypertension in eNOS-deficient mice Hunter Champion, Trinity Bivalacqua, Thomas Giles, Stanley Greenberg, Albert Hyman, Philip Kadowitz. Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Integrated Safety Results from the Phase II and Phase III Studies with Caplacizumab in Patients with Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Paul Knöbl, Marie Scully, Spero R Cataland, Flora Peyvandi, Paul Coppo, Johanna A. Kremer Hovinga, Ara Metjian, Javier De La Rubia, Katerina Pavenski, Jessica Minkue, Filip Callewaert, Hilde De Winter
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract P312: High State and Trait Hopelessness Levels Predict Lower Home-based Exercise Participation in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Susan L Dunn, L M Dunn, Madison P Buursma, Holli A DeVon, Lucas Vander Berg, Nathan L Tintle
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Hopelessness is associated with increased adverse events and decreased survival in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Hopelessness can persist in these patients and reduce their participation in hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise following an acute event. Because the majority of CHD patients do not attend a hospital-based CR exercise program, examination of factors affecting home exercise is needed. The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of hopelessness levels on both home- and hospital based CR exercise participation in patients with CHD. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that higher state and trait hopelessness levels would adversely affect both home- and hospital-based CR exercise participation. Methods: The Theory of Hopelessness Depression was used as a foundation for study aims. Using a descriptive, longitudinal design, 282 patients who had been hospitalized with a CHD event were asked to complete the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale (STHS) during their hospitalization and the STHS and the Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Participation Questionnaire at 3, 8, and 12 months after hospital discharge. Patients who provided data at any two concurrent time points over the year were included in the analyses. Regular exercise was defined as walking or biking ≥3 days/week in a home- or hospital-based Phase II CR exercise program. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between STHS scores on the likelihood that patients would participate in regular exercise in home- or hospital-based Phase II CR settings. Results: Patients were predominantly male (64.9%) with a mean age of 65.4±9.7 years. Patients had persistent, modest levels of state and trait hopelessness across all time points. High levels of state and trait hopelessness were predictive of lower home-based exercise participation (state: OR 0.4, 95% CI [0.1, 0.7], p=0.002; trait: OR 0.4, 95% CI [0.2, 0.8], p=0.01) but not hospital-based Phase II CR exercise, after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the importance of assessing hopelessness in patients with CHD and provide critical evidence of the need for clinicians to encourage CHD patients who are feeling hopeless to participate in CR exercise, particularly in the home setting.
LETTER FROM NEW YORK.
Authors: None P. B. P.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) Early in July the summer Medical Corps of the Board of Health commenced their two months' service in the tenement house districts of the city. There are fifty of these physicians, one for each district, and it is their duty to make house to house visits among the poor for eight hours daily; reporting twice a week at Sanitary Headquarters, to Dr. Moreau Morris, one of the most experienced officers of the Board of Health, who has special charge of this department of its work. They are required to seek out and treat all cases of disease, especially among children, which are not already being cared for by private or dispensary physicians, to give advice in regard to the care of infants and young children in hot weather, and in regard to sanitary matters in general, and to promptly report all nuisances and all cases of
One Health or Planetary Health for pandemic prevention?
Authors: Courtney Waugh, Su Shiung Lam, Christian Sonne
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

However, responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and avoiding zoonitic outbreaks in the future will necessitate a complete change in the intensity of human-managed ecosystems, with decreased deforestation and species extinction, including a reversal of the world's climate tipping points.
Update in Interstitial Lung Disease 2020
Authors: Anna J. Podolanczuk, Alyson W. Wong, Shigeki Saito, Joseph A. Lasky, Christopher J. Ryerson, Oliver Eickelberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

"Update in Interstitial Lung Disease 2020." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 203(11), pp. 1343–1352
SUGAR METABOLISM AND DIABETES.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PKC<b>ϵ</b> Is Required for KRAS-Driven Lung Tumorigenesis
Authors: Rachana Garg, Mariana Cooke, Fernando Benavides, Martín C. Abba, Michelle Cicchini, David M. Feldser, Marcelo G. Kazanietz
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent subtype of lung cancer and remains a highly lethal malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Mutant KRAS is the prevailing oncogenic driver of lung adenocarcinoma, the most common histologic form of NSCLC. In this study, we examined the role of PKCϵ, an oncogenic kinase highly expressed in NSCLC and other cancers, in KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. Database analysis revealed an association between PKCϵ expression and poor outcome in patients with lung adenocarcinoma specifically harboring KRAS mutations. A PKCϵ-deficient, conditionally activatable allele of oncogenic Kras (LSL-KrasG12D ;PKCϵ-/- mice) demonstrated the requirement of PKCϵ for Kras-driven lung tumorigenesis in vivo, which was consistent with impaired transformed growth reported in PKCϵ-deficient KRAS-dependent NSCLC cells. Moreover, PKCϵ-knockout mice were found to be less susceptible to lung tumorigenesis induced by benzo[a]pyrene, a carcinogen that induces mutations in Kras. Mechanistic analysis using RNA sequencing revealed little overlap for PKCϵ and KRAS in the control of genes and biological pathways relevant in NSCLC, suggesting that a permissive role of PKCϵ in KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis may involve nonredundant mechanisms. Our results thus, highlight the relevance and potential of targeting PKCϵ for lung cancer therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that KRAS-mediated tumorigenesis requires PKCϵ expression and highlight the potential for developing PKCϵ-targeted therapies for oncogenic RAS-driven malignancies.
Functional Constraints on Insect Immune System Components Govern Their Evolutionary Trajectories
Authors: Livio Ruzzante, Romain Feron, Maarten J M F Reijnders, Antonin Thiébaut, Robert M Waterhouse
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Roles of constraints in shaping evolutionary outcomes are often considered in the contexts of developmental biology and population genetics, in terms of capacities to generate new variants and how selection limits or promotes consequent phenotypic changes. Comparative genomics also recognizes the role of constraints, in terms of shaping evolution of gene and genome architectures, sequence evolutionary rates, and gene gains or losses, as well as on molecular phenotypes. Characterizing patterns of genomic change where putative functions and interactions of system components are relatively well described offers opportunities to explore whether genes with similar roles exhibit similar evolutionary trajectories. Using insect immunity as our test case system, we hypothesize that characterizing gene evolutionary histories can define distinct dynamics associated with different functional roles. We develop metrics that quantify gene evolutionary histories, employ these to characterize evolutionary features of immune gene repertoires, and explore relationships between gene family evolutionary profiles and their roles in immunity to understand how different constraints may relate to distinct dynamics. We identified three main axes of evolutionary trajectories characterized by gene duplication and synteny, maintenance/stability and sequence conservation, and loss and sequence divergence, highlighting similar and contrasting patterns across these axes amongst subsets of immune genes. Our results suggest that where and how genes participate in immune responses limit the range of possible evolutionary scenarios they exhibit. The test case study system of insect immunity highlights the potential of applying comparative genomics approaches to characterize how functional constraints on different components of biological systems govern their evolutionary trajectories.