tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trends in Dietary Sodium Intake Among Adults Aged ≥19 Years — United States, 2003–2016
Authors: Lasha S. Clarke, Katherine Overwyk, Marlana Bates, Soyoun Park, Cathleen Gillespie, Mary E. Cogswell
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Hypertension, which can be brought on by excess sodium intake, affects nearly one half of U.S. adults and is a major risk factor for heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States (1). In 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) established the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake, a chronic-disease-specific recommendation for dietary sodium of 2,300 mg/day. Reducing daily sodium to CDRR intake is expected to reduce chronic disease risk among healthy persons, primarily by lowering blood pressure (2). Although the 2019 sodium CDRR intake is equivalent in number to the 2005 Tolerable Upper Limit (UL) released by NASEM (then known as the Institute of Medicine), the UL was intended to provide guidance on safe intake levels, not to serve as an intake goal (2). To describe excess sodium intake in the context of the CDRR intake goal, this report analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2003 to 2016 to yield temporal trends in usual sodium intake >2,300 mg/day and in mean sodium intake, unadjusted and adjusted for total energy intake, among U.S. adults aged ≥19 years. The percentage of U.S. adults with sodium intake above CDRR intake was 87.0% during 2003-2004 and 86.7% during 2015-2016. Among U.S. adults overall, no significant linear trend was noted from 2003 to 2016 in unadjusted or energy intake-adjusted mean sodium intake. Small, significant declines were observed in mean usual sodium intake among some groups (adults aged 19-50 years, non-Hispanic White adults, adults experiencing obesity, and adults without hypertension). However, after energy adjustment, only adults aged ≥71 years and Mexican American adults demonstrated significant change in usual sodium intake. Many U.S. adults might be at risk for chronic disease associated with sodium intake above CDRR intake, and efforts to lower sodium intake could improve population cardiovascular health. The results of this report support enhanced efforts to reduce population sodium intake and cardiovascular disease risk, including the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) recently released guidance for the reduction of sodium in the commercially processed, packaged, and prepared food supply.
Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder—What Are We Missing? What Are We Waiting for?
Authors: Laura K. Grubb
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
FP03.02 A Phase I Trial of Atezolizumab and Varlilumab in Combination With Radiation in Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: J. Malhotra, Y. Lin, A. Gonzales, M. Patel, N. Chan, J. Aisner, S. Jabbour
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Covid-19: PCR testing is suspended at private laboratory after high rate of false negatives
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Testing for covid-19 has been suspended at a private laboratory in Wolverhampton after an investigation by the UK Health Security Agency into media reports of a spike in the number of people receiving negative PCR test results after they had tested positive for covid-19 on a lateral flow device (LFD).

The increase has been seen over several weeks, raising questions over why the laboratory’s quality control processes and those of NHS Test and Trace did not pick up the problem earlier. There are also questions concerning how many people who underwent PCR testing without an LFD result, such as contacts of people with positive cases and travellers returning from overseas, might also have been given negative results when they were actually infected.

Data from the Health Security Agency show that the proportion of negative PCR test results matched to a positive results of an LFT taken at a test site centre shot up in the week starting 2 September to 20% (959 of …
The Gut Microbiome: Connecting Diet, Glucose Homeostasis, and Disease
Authors: Elizabeth J. Howard, Tony K.T. Lam, Frank A. Duca
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2021)

Type 2 diabetes rates continue to rise unabated, underscoring the need to better understand the etiology and potential therapeutic options available for this disease. The gut microbiome plays a role in glucose homeostasis, and diabetes is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. Given that consumption of a Western diet is associated with increased metabolic disease, and that a Western diet alters the gut microbiome, it is plausible that changes in the gut microbiota mediate the dysregulation in glucose homeostasis. In this review, we highlight a few of the most significant mechanisms by which the gut microbiome can influence glucose regulation, including changes in gut permeability, gut-brain signaling, and production of bacteria-derived metabolites like short-chain fatty acids and bile acids. A better understanding of these pathways could lead to the development of novel therapeutics to target the gut microbiome in order to restore glucose homeostasis in metabolic disease.
FP03.03 ECOG PS of 0-1 and Very High PD-L1 Expression ≥90% Are Associated With Clinical Benefit From First-Line Chemo-Immunotherapy in Advanced NSCLC
Authors: B. Ricciuti, J. Alessi, S. Alden, G. Recondo, M. Nishino, L. Sholl, M. Awad
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
P53.05 Inhibition of Tumor Cell Intrinsic Complement Regulatory Proteins Leads to Decreased Tumor Growth in a Mouse Model of NSCLC
Authors: E. Kleczko, A. Navarroa, J. Laskowski, M. Wu, A. Johnson, E. Gottlin, R. Bushey, M. Campa, E. Patz, J. Thurman, R. Nemenoff
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
OS10.4.A The effects of SmartCare on neuro-oncology family caregivers’ distress: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: F W Boele, J M Weimer, J Proudfoot, A L Marsland, T S Armstrong, C W Given, J Drappatz, H S Donovan, P R Sherwood
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with primary malignant brain tumors have high symptom burden and commonly rely on family caregivers for practical and emotional support. This can lead to negative mental and physical consequences for caregivers. We investigated effectiveness of an 8-week nurse-led online needs-based support program (SmartCare©) with and without online self-guided cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression compared to enhanced care as usual (ECAU) on depressive symptoms, caregiving-specific distress, anxiety, mastery, and burden. MATERIAL AND METHODS Family caregivers with depressive symptoms were randomized to three groups: SmartCare© plus/minus self-guided CBT, or ECAU. Primary outcomes (depressive symptoms (CES-D); caregiving-specific distress (Caregiver Needs Screen)) and secondary outcomes (anxiety (POMS-A), caregiver mastery (Caregiver Mastery Scale), and caregiver burden (Caregiver Reactions Assessment)) were assessed online. Intention to treat analyses of covariance corrected for baseline scores were performed for outcomes at four months. RESULTS In total, 120 family caregivers participated. Accrual and CBT engagement were lower than expected, therefore intervention groups were combined (n=80) and compared to ECAU (n=40). For depressive symptoms, no statistically significant group differences were found. Caregiving-specific distress decreased in the intervention group compared with ECAU (p=0.01, partial ɳ 2=0.08). Among secondary outcomes, there was a trend towards improvement in mastery for the intervention group compared with ECAU (p=0.08, partial ɳ 2=0.04). CONCLUSION SmartCare©, with or without self-guided CBT, reduced caregiving-specific distress with a trend towards improving mastery. SmartCare© has the potential to improve the lives of families coping with a brain tumor diagnosis.
P17.03 Sintilimab With Two Cycles Nab-Paclitaxel / Platinum as First Line Therapy for Advanced Squamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: H. Wang, G.W. Zhang, Y.Y. Niu, G.F. Zhang, Y.H. Ji, M.N. Zhang, X.T. Yan, X.H. Jing, Z. Ma
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Abstract 12231: Accuracy of Methods for Stroke Volume Measures by O2-pulse During Gas Exchange Analysis and Clinical Implications
Authors: Martina Evangelista, Sara Boveri, Eleonora Alfonzetti, Francesco Bandera, Marco Guazzi
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Among several methods for noninvasive esteem of stroke volume (SV), O2 pulse (i.e. the ratio of VO2/HR) is used at rest and during physical exercise with gas exchange analysis, even t...
Characterization of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity and its potential applications and therapeutic prospects
Authors: Jiaxin Zheng, Yingying Deng, Zhenyu Zhao, Binli Mao, Mengji Lu, Yong Lin, Ailong Huang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2021)

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing pandemic that poses a great threat to human health worldwide. As the humoral immune response plays essential roles in disease occurrence and development, understanding the dynamics and characteristics of virus-specific humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients is of great importance for controlling this disease. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and further emphasize the potential applications and therapeutic prospects of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity and the critical role of this immunity in vaccine development. Notably, serological antibody testing based on the humoral immune response can guide public health measures and control strategies; however, it is not recommended for population surveys in areas with very low prevalence. Existing evidence suggests that asymptomatic individuals have a weaker immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas SARS-CoV-2-infected children have a more effective humoral immune response than adults. The correlations between antibody (especially neutralizing antibody) titers and protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection should be further examined. In addition, the emergence of cross-reactions among different coronavirus antigens in the development of screening technology and the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement related to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination should be given further attention.
Reply to Laurence Klotz’s Letter to the Editor re: Jeremy Yeun-Chun Teoh, Daniele Castellani, Claudia Mercader, et al. A Quantitative Analysis Investigating the Prevalence of “Manels” in Major Urology Meetings. Eur Urol 2021;80:442–9. Eur Urol 2021;80:e100
Authors: Shelly Dev
Journal: European Urology (2021)
FP01.02 A Comparative Cost Analysis Study of Robotic and Video-Assisted Lobectomy: Results of Randomized Controlled Trial (Bravo Trial)
Authors: R. Terra, J. Trindade, A. Campolina, P.H. De Araujo, J.R. De Campos, P. Pêgo-Fernandes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Risk of Self-harm in Children and Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ashley Blanchard, Stanford Chihuri, Carolyn G. DiGuiseppi, Guohua Li
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Multiple studies have reported that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk for self-injurious behavior and suicide. However, the magnitude of this association varies between studies. <h3>Objective</h3> To appraise the available epidemiologic studies on the risk of self-injurious behavior and suicidality among children and adults with ASD. <h3>Data Sources</h3> PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were systematically searched for epidemiologic studies on the association between ASD and self-injurious behavior and suicidality. Databases were searched from year of inception to April through June 2020. No language, age, or date restrictions were applied. <h3>Study Selection</h3> This systematic review and meta-analysis included studies with an observational design and compared self-injurious behavior (defined as nonaccidental behavior resulting in self-inflicted physical injury but without intent of suicide or sexual arousal) and/or suicidality (defined as suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or suicide) in children (aged &lt;20 years) or adults (aged ≥20 years) with ASD. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Information on study design, study population, ASD and self-harm definitions, and outcomes were extracted by independent investigators. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Overall summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were estimated using DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The ORs for the associations of ASD with self-injurious behavior and suicidality were calculated. Analyses were stratified by study setting and age groups as planned a priori. <h3>Results</h3> The search identified 31 eligible studies, which were of moderate to high quality. Of these studies, 16 (52%) were conducted in children, 13 (42%) in adults, and 2 (6%) in both children and adults. Seventeen studies assessed the association between ASD and self-injurious behavior and reported ORs that ranged from 1.21 to 18.76, resulting in a pooled OR of 3.18 (95% CI, 2.45-4.12). Sixteen studies assessed the association between ASD and suicidality and reported ORs that ranged from 0.86 to 11.10, resulting in a pooled OR of 3.32 (95% CI, 2.60-4.24). In stratified analyses, results were consistent between clinical and nonclinical settings and between children and adults. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study found that ASD was associated with a substantial increase in odds of self-injurious behavior and suicidality in children and adults. Further research is needed to examine the role of primary care screenings, increased access to preventive mental health services, and lethal means counseling in reducing self-harm in this population.
Crosstalk between tumor-associated macrophages and neighboring cells in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Pil Soo Sung
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2021)

The tumor microenvironment generally shows a substantial immunosuppressive activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for the suboptimal efficacy of immune-based treatments for this difficult-to-treat cancer. The crosstalk between tumor cells and various cell types in the tumor microenvironment is strongly related to HCC progression and treatment resistance. Monocytes are recruited to the HCC tumor microenvironment by various factors and become tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with distinct phenotypes. TAMs often contribute to weakened tumor-specific immune responses and a more aggressive phenotype of malignancy. Recent single-cell RNA-sequencing data have demonstrated the central roles of specific TAMs in tumorigenesis and treatment resistance by their interactions with various cell populations in the HCC tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the roles of TAMs and the crosstalk between TAMs and neighboring cell types in the HCC tumor microenvironment.
Can e-Cigarettes Help Adults Who Smoke Successfully Quit All Combusted Tobacco Products?
Authors: Terry F. Pechacek
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

John P. Pierce, PhD; Ruifeng Chen, MS; Sheila Kealey, MPH; Eric C. Leas, PhD; Martha M. White, MS; Matthew D. Stone, PhD; Sara B. McMenamin, PhD, MPH; Dennis R. Trinidad, PhD; David R. Strong, PhD; Tarik Benmarhnia, PhD; Karen Messer, PhD
Incidence of Arteritis and Peritubular Capillaritis in ANCA-associated Vasculitis
Authors: Samy Hakroush, Björn Tampe
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a small-vessel vasculitis affecting multiple organ systems, including the kidney. Small vessels in the kidney include small arteries (interlobular artery, afferent and efferent arteriole), capillaries (glomerular and peritubular), and venules. Although crescentic
Abstract 260: Autophagy And Necrosis Underlie Polyglutamine Amyloid Oligomer Induced Heart Failure.
Authors: Scott Pattison, Atsushi Sanbe, Raisa Klevitsky, Hanna Osinska, Jeffrey Robbins
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Amyloid oligomers, the entities believed to cause toxicity in many neurodegenerative diseases, have been observed in mouse and human heart failure samples. Amyloid oligomers are a diverse group of proteins that differ in sequence, but share a common conformational structure, and may impart a shared pathogenic mechanism. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that expression and accumulation of amyloid oligomers are cytotoxic and sufficient to directly cause heart failure. Polyglutamine (PQ) repeats (&gt;50) are known to form amyloid oligomers and induce toxicity in neural cells, causing Huntington′s and other neurodegenerative diseases, while shorter PQ peptides are benign. Hypothesis: Cardiomyocyte-autonomous expression of an exogenous PQ amyloid oligomer will be toxic to cardiomyocytes and result in heart failure. Methods: Transgenic mice were created with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of an amyloid oligomer forming peptide of 83 PQ repeats (PQ83) or a non-amyloid forming peptide of 19 PQ repeats (PQ19) as a non-pathological control. Both constructs were HA tagged. Results: A PQ83 line with relatively low levels of expression was generated, along with a PQ19 line that expressed at approximately 9-fold the levels observed in the PQ83 line. Hearts expressing PQ83 develop cardiac dysfunction and dilation by 5 months and exhibit 100% mortality by 8 months of age, whereas PQ19 mice have normal cardiac function, morphology and lifespan. PQ83 protein accumulates in cardiomyocytes as SDS-insoluble aggresomes with amyloid oligomer-positive staining. PQ83 hearts exhibited no signs of apoptosis. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that PQ83 hearts undergo autophagy, as evidenced by increased autophagosomal and lysosomal content. PQ83 hearts also show characteristics of necrotic death, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, cardiomyocyte vacuolization and increased staining for the membrane attack complex that causes sarcolemmal permeabilization. The data confirm the hypothesis that expression of an exogenous amyloid oligomer is toxic to cardiomyocytes and is sufficient to cause heart failure. The pathogenic mechanism appears to lead to cardiomyocyte death through autophagy and necrosis.
Experiences of LGBTQ+ Residents in US General Surgery Training Programs
Authors: Evan A. Heiderscheit, Cary Jo R. Schlick, Ryan J. Ellis, Elaine O. Cheung, Dre Irizarry, Daniela Amortegui, Joshua Eng, Julie Ann Sosa, David B. Hoyt, Jo Buyske, Thomas J. Nasca, Karl Y. Bilimoria, Yue-Yung Hu
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Previous studies have shown high rates of mistreatment among US general surgery residents, leading to poor well-being. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) residents represent a high-risk group for mistreatment; however, their experience in general surgery programs is largely unexplored.To determine the national prevalence of mistreatment and poor well-being for LGBTQ+ surgery residents compared with their non-LGBTQ+ peers.A voluntary, anonymous survey adapting validated survey instruments was administered to all clinically active general surgery residents training in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited general surgery programs following the 2019 American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination.Self-reported mistreatment, sources of mistreatment, perceptions of learning environment, career satisfaction, burnout, thoughts of attrition, and suicidality. The associations between LGBTQ+ status and (1) mistreatment, (2) burnout, (3) thoughts of attrition, and (4) suicidality were examined using multivariable regression models, accounting for interactions between gender and LGBTQ+ identity.A total of 6956 clinically active residents completed the survey (85.6% response rate). Of 6381 respondents included in this analysis, 305 respondents (4.8%) identified as LGBTQ+ and 6076 (95.2%) as non-LGBTQ+. Discrimination was reported among 161 LGBTQ+ respondents (59.2%) vs 2187 non-LGBTQ+ respondents (42.3%; P < .001); sexual harassment, 131 (47.5%) vs 1551 (29.3%; P < .001); and bullying, 220 (74.8%) vs 3730 (66.9%; P = .005); attending surgeons were the most common overall source. Compared with non-LGBTQ+ men, LGBTQ+ residents were more likely to report discrimination (men: odds ratio [OR], 2.57; 95% CI, 1.78-3.72; women: OR, 25.30; 95% CI, 16.51-38.79), sexual harassment (men: OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.39-2.99; women: OR, 5.72; 95% CI, 4.09-8.01), and bullying (men: OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.07-2.12; women: OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.37-2.91). LGBTQ+ residents reported similar perceptions of the learning environment, career satisfaction, and burnout (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.97-1.52) but had more frequent considerations of leaving their program (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.52-2.74) and suicide (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.26-3.04). This increased risk of suicidality was eliminated after adjusting for mistreatment (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.90-2.39).Mistreatment is a common experience for LGBTQ+ surgery residents, with attending surgeons being the most common overall source. Increased suicidality among LGBTQ+ surgery residents is associated with this mistreatment. Multifaceted interventions are necessary to develop safer and more inclusive learning environments.