tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biofeedback as a medical treatment
Authors: J. Segal
Journal: JAMA (1975)

FOLLOWING a recent meeting of the Biofeedback Research Society, one optimistic writer reported in the popular press that "biofeedback provides those suffering from functional disorders of all types with a viable alternative to the combination of drugs and surgery offered by traditional Western medicine." That statement-and dozens more like it—reflect the<i>furor therapeuticus</i>that has arisen of late about a field of research whose clinical applications are still uncertain, but that has raised dazzling prospects for healing, among professionals and laymen alike. The term "feedback" was coined by mathematician Norbert Weiner to mean "a method of controlling the system by reinstating into it the results of its past performance." In 1969, at the first meeting of the Biofeedback Research Society, the term was given its physiological context, referring to any technique using instrumentation intended to give a person immediate and continuing signals of changes in a bodily function of which
CLINICAL MEMORANDA
Authors: C. M. Durrant
Journal: BMJ (1854)

ORIGINAL O(lKMUAT.?%WA-IE t the avigp would bo among so m=y.In th b - of March, 1854, dirrh appeared, slight at first,but m few days rapidly ncreasing.The patients all com- plained alike, of severe pain in the bowels, heat of head, pain over the eyes, slightly furred tonue, with morbidly lean tip, and very prominent papillme, with frequent serous discharges from the bowels.In the course of three days, upwards of fifty cases came under our notice; whilst many.others complained of lassitude, loss of appetite, and general uueasiness.It was at once evident that some causes were at work peculiar to the locality of the school itself, as at that time the town of Croydon was unusually healthy: we had, in fact, except in the school, scarcely a case of diar- rhoea under treatment.My partner, Mr. Westall, and my- self, instituted inquiiries to elicit the cause; the diet ap- peared unexceptionable, the drainage and ventilation of the rooms were in perfect order, and the gas was not more im- pure than usual.The water was examined, and appeared very good; but it was with some surprise we found the supply was derived from a well, and not from the mains of the waterworks.It was stated that on one or two occa- sions the tea had tasted unpleaant; and, curiously enough, the cause was supposed to be from the Board of Health water having been used instead of the well-water.Such, however, was evidently not the case; for the waterworks
Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Tim F. Greten, Elizabeth M. Jaffee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

It has been more than 100 years since the first reported attempts to activate a patient's immune system to eradicate developing cancers. Although a few of the subsequent vaccine studies demonstrated clinically significant treatment effects, active immunotherapy has not yet become an established cancer treatment modality. Two recent advances have allowed the design of more specific cancer vaccine approaches: improved molecular biology techniques and a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in the activation of T cells. These advances have resulted in improved systemic antitumor immune responses in animal models. Because most tumor antigens recognized by T cells are still not known, the tumor cell itself is the best source of immunizing antigens. For this reason, most vaccine approaches currently being tested in the clinics use whole cancer cells that have been genetically modified to express genes that are now known to be critical mediators of immune system activation. In the future, the molecular definition of tumor-specific antigens that are recognized by activated T cells will allow the development of targeted antigen-specific vaccines for the treatment of patients with cancer.
Cancer Research, Hepatitis On L.A. Clinical Program
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Authors: M. D. Lockshin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>CASE PRESENTATION</h3> At the age of 15 years, 4 years before consultation, a white woman had a sudden onset of right hemiplegia. High-titer immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antiphospholipid antibody and lupus anticoagulant were found, and prednisone, 60 mg/d, and aspirin, 325 mg/d, were prescribed. Prednisone was discontinued after 1 year. At the age of 18 years, mild proteinuria, arthralgia, and chorea developed, and after magnetic resonance imaging, were attributed to a new stroke. The patient became pregnant for the first time at the age of 19 years and developed urinary protein (2 g/d) without hypertension at 14 weeks. Prednisone, aspirin, and heparin were administered, but because of a rise of blood pressure to 160/ 90 mm Hg, an increase in urinary protein to 10 g/d, and vaginal bleeding, a cesarean section was performed at 28 weeks and a boy weighing 680 g was delivered. While taking heparin
Update in Pediatrics 2020
Authors: Erick Forno, Steven H. Abman, Jagdev Singh, Mary E. Robbins, Hiran Selvadurai, Paul T. Schumacker, Paul D. Robinson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

"Update in Pediatrics 2020." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 204(3), pp. 274–284
Medical genetics
Authors: M. R. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The era of molecular medicine continued unabated in 1990. Rapid advances in recombinant DNA technology allowed the molecular characterization of scores of human genes, many involved in genetic disease or essential for normal cellular processes. Fully two thirds of all papers presented at the 1990 American Society of Human Genetics meeting involved molecular methods and descriptions of disease genes. The polymerase chain reaction, a rapid DNA amplification method, has now been complemented by a DNA-ligation amplification, thus providing even easier methods for studying genes. Fully 4200 scientific articles using polymerase chain reaction have been published, with 1700 articles appearing in 1990 alone. We believe that no technique has had such a rapid and profound impact on medicine since the development of monoclonal antibodies. The lay press published a record number of articles dealing with DNA, gene mutations (such as cystic fibrosis), and inherited disease conditions (neurofibromatosis), resulting in patients frequently
The British Society of Gastroenterology
Authors: N Mortensen, Elizabeth Lambert, D Britton, K Gough, J Walker, J Beales, R Allan
Journal: Gut (1979)

The value of urgent endoscopy in upper gastro- intestinal bleeding is controversial because recent papers have indicated that it has little effect on mortality, although diag- nostic accuracy is improved.A study was undertaken to assess the benefits of this expensive, time-consuming service in a district general hospital.Two years were reviewed: 1973 when no en- doscopy service was available, and 1976 when all bleeders were endoscoped.In 1976 diagnostic accuracy was achieved in 85% of 145 patients; 15 patients subsequently died (10%).In 1973, 158 patients were admitted with acute gastro- intestinal bleeding.A radiological diag- nosis was made (on that admission) in 54 (34%/); 12 patients subsequently died (7.5 Y.).Increased diagnostic accuracy in this hospital has not affected the numbers coming to emergency surgery, or the overall mortality.Until the management of acute gastro- intestinal bleeding is modified by therapeutic endoscopy, it is difficult to justify the expense of preoperative emergency A433diagnostic endoscopy.In selected patients it may have a place during emergency surgery to identify a bleeding point.
Targeting Age-Related Pathways in Heart Failure
Authors: Haobo Li, Margaret H. Hastings, James Rhee, Lena E. Trager, Jason D. Roh, Anthony Rosenzweig
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

During aging, deterioration in cardiac structure and function leads to increased susceptibility to heart failure. The need for interventions to combat this age-related cardiac decline is becoming increasingly urgent as the elderly population continues to grow. Our understanding of cardiac aging, and aging in general, is limited. However, recent studies of age-related decline and its prevention through interventions like exercise have revealed novel pathological and cardioprotective pathways. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning the molecular mechanisms of age-related heart failure and highlight exercise as a valuable experimental platform for the discovery of much-needed novel therapeutic targets in this chronic disease.
Exercise Testing in Patients 65 Years of Age and Older
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients6 June 2000Exercise Testing in Patients 65 Years of Age and OlderSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-11-200006060-00033 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Exercise tests record symptoms and the electrical activity of the heart while patients exercise, usually on a treadmill. These tests are very helpful in finding out whether a person has heart disease and in predicting who is at risk for future heart-related problems, like heart attacks. Because previous research on exercise tests has included few elderly patients, it is unclear how useful these tests are in persons 65 years of age or older.Why did the researchers do this particular study?To find out whether exercise testing predicts ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Prognostic Value of Treadmill Exercise Testing in Elderly Persons.” It is in the 6 June 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 132, pages 862-870). The authors are T.Y. Goraya, S.J. Jacobsen, P.A. Pellikka, T.D. Miller, A. Khan, S.A. Weston, B.J. Gersh, and V.L. Roger.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPrognostic Value of Treadmill Exercise Testing in Elderly Persons Tauqir Y. Goraya , Steven J. Jacobsen , Patricia A. Pellikka , Todd D. Miller , Akbar Khan , Susan A. Weston , Bernard J. Gersh , and Véronique L. Roger Metrics 6 June 2000Volume 132, Issue 11Page: 862KeywordsCardiovascular therapyElderlyElectrocardiographyExerciseHeartHeart failureMyocardial infarctionPatientsPopulation statisticsSports and exercise medicine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 6 June 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Editor's Choice
Journal: BMJ (2005)

the dose rather than the recommended dose was associated with more diarrhoea (incidence rate ratio 1.14, 1.01 to 1.28), fever (1.09, 0.99 to 1.20), and consultations at a hospital or health centre (1.10, 0.95 to 1.27).This tendency was similar in boys and girls.The 1494 children who were at home at the nine month follow-up visit had their mid-upper arm circumference measured.There was no difference between those who received full versus half the recommended dose in boys or girls.Likewise using data from the routine registration of children < 3 years, there was no difference in mid-upper arm circumference related to the different doses of vitamin A.
Aspirin
Authors: Eric H. Awtry, Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: Circulation (2000)

alicylates, in the form of willow bark, were used as an analgesic during the time of Hippocrates, and their antipyretic effects have been recognized for more than 200 years. 1Acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin, was introduced in the late 1890s 2 and has been used to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions; however, the antiplatelet activity of this agent was not recognized until almost 70 years later. 3Recent advances in our understanding of the central role of platelets in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease have spurred in-depth investigations into the mechanisms of action of aspirin and the clinical utility of this agent in the treatment of common cardiovascular disorders.
Public watchdog bites the NHS
Journal: BMJ (1986)

needed if a social worker refused to make an application.The commission had also recom- mended that the powers of the approved social worker should be extended.* Unilateral action by FPCs in changing agreed terms of service was deplored by the representatives, who supported the action that the GMSC had taken in opposing it.One explanation of what had happened, Dr Anne-Rodway said, was the change in the membership of the independent family practitioner committees.The lay membership of
Clinical Models to Define Response and Survival With Anti–PD-1 Antibodies Alone or Combined With Ipilimumab in Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Inês Pires da Silva, Tasnia Ahmed, Jennifer L. McQuade, Caroline A. Nebhan, John J. Park, Judith M. Versluis, Patricio Serra-Bellver, Yasir Khan, Tim Slattery, Honey K. Oberoi, Selma Ugurel, Lauren E. Haydu, Rudolf Herbst, Jochen Utikal, Claudia Pföhler, Patrick Terheyden, Michael Weichenthal, Ralf Gutzmer, Peter Mohr, Rajat Rai, Jessica L. Smith, Richard A. Scolyer, Ana M. Arance, Lisa Pickering, James Larkin, Paul Lorigan, Christian U. Blank, Dirk Schadendorf, Michael A. Davies, Matteo S. Carlino, Douglas B. Johnson, Georgina V. Long, Serigne N. Lo, Alexander M. Menzies
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Currently, there are no robust biomarkers that predict immunotherapy outcomes in metastatic melanoma. We sought to build multivariable predictive models for response and survival to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) monotherapy or in combination with anticytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-4 (ipilimumab [IPI]; anti-PD-1 ± IPI) by including routine clinical data available at the point of treatment initiation.One thousand six hundred forty-four patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 ± IPI at 16 centers from Australia, the United States, and Europe were included. Demographics, disease characteristics, and baseline blood parameters were analyzed. The end points of this study were objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The final predictive models for ORR, PFS, and OS were determined through penalized regression methodology (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method) to select the most significant predictors for all three outcomes (discovery cohort, N = 633). Each model was validated internally and externally in two independent cohorts (validation-1 [N = 419] and validation-2 [N = 592]) and nomograms were created.The final model for predicting ORR (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.71) in immunotherapy-treated patients included the following clinical parameters: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, presence/absence of liver and lung metastases, serum lactate dehydrogenase, blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, therapy (monotherapy/combination), and line of treatment. The final predictive models for PFS (AUC = 0.68) and OS (AUC = 0.77) included the same variables as those in the ORR model (except for presence/absence of lung metastases), and included presence/absence of brain metastases and blood hemoglobin. Nomogram calculators were developed from the clinical models to predict outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 ± IPI.Newly developed combinations of routinely collected baseline clinical factors predict the response and survival outcomes of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with immunotherapy and may serve as valuable tools for clinical decision making.
Issue Information
Authors: Amanda Hargrove, Daniel Harki, May Khanna, Minyong Li, Laura Mercolini, Andrew Wiley, Harjeet Kaur, Amjad Ali, Wilfred Armarego, Renren Bai, Sandip Bharate, Matt Bogyo, Amanda Bryant-Friedrich, Vincenzo Calderone, Erik De Clercq, Haian Fu, Gunda Georg, Kenneth Jacobson, Philip Low, Christian Melander, Beatrice Ranieri, Webster Santos, Daniel Crespo, Teruna Siahaan, Binghe Wang, Jun Wang, Erxi Wu
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2022)
Ribociclib Extends Survival in HR+ Breast Cancer
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2017)

Abstract Adding the CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib to standard first-line endocrine therapy significantly prolonged survival in premenopausal and perimenopausal women with advanced HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer enrolled in the MONALEESA-7 trial. This is the first definitive evidence that CDK4/6 inhibitor–based therapy is effective for first-line treatment of premenopausal and perimenopausal women.
The generalizability crisis
Authors: Tal Yarkoni
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2020)

Most theories and hypotheses in psychology are verbal in nature, yet their evaluation overwhelmingly relies on inferential statistical procedures. The validity of the move from qualitative to quantitative analysis depends on the verbal and statistical expressions of a hypothesis being closely aligned - that is, that the two must refer to roughly the same set of hypothetical observations. Here, I argue that many applications of statistical inference in psychology fail to meet this basic condition. Focusing on the most widely used class of model in psychology - the linear mixed model - I explore the consequences of failing to statistically operationalize verbal hypotheses in a way that respects researchers' actual generalization intentions. I demonstrate that although the "random effect" formalism is used pervasively in psychology to model intersubject variability, few researchers accord the same treatment to other variables they clearly intend to generalize over (e.g., stimuli, tasks, or research sites). The under-specification of random effects imposes far stronger constraints on the generalizability of results than most researchers appreciate. Ignoring these constraints can dramatically inflate false-positive rates, and often leads researchers to draw sweeping verbal generalizations that lack a meaningful connection to the statistical quantities they are putatively based on. I argue that failure to take the alignment between verbal and statistical expressions seriously lies at the heart of many of psychology's ongoing problems (e.g., the replication crisis), and conclude with a discussion of several potential avenues for improvement.
Pharmacology
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gene Therapy Strategies for Tumor Antiangiogenesis
Authors: Hwai-Loong Kong, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Based on the concept that solid tumors cannot grow without the generation of new blood vessels, there is growing interest in the use of antiangiogenesis agents to inhibit tumor growth. This review summarizes the concepts of using gene transfer vectors to provide high concentration of antiangiogenic proteins within an organ. While there are many challenges that must be met before antiangiogenesis can be used to effectively treat human tumors, gene transfer strategies have the potential to provide sustained, high, local concentrations of antiangiogenic mediators specifically targeted to organs containing tumors, minimizing systemic toxicity. Antiangiogenesis gene therapy strategies will most likely be effective in a state of low tumor burden, where this "genetic tourniquet" can provide trans (i.e., acting in the extracellular milieu as opposed to within tumor cells) suppression of the growth of endothelial cells in the milieu of micrometastases.