tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contents
Authors: J Yamada, Y Kuramochi, Y Takoda, M Takagi, T Suga, Charles Couillard, Jean Bergeron, Jean-Pierre Despre, Jacques Gagnon, Tuomo Rankinen, Arthur Leon, D Rao, James Skinner, Jack Wilmore, Claude Bouchard, Scott Lear, Morie Chen, C Birmingham, Jiri Frohlich, Masako Doi, Yasunori Kondo, Kazuhiko Tsutsumi, M Dittmar, A Heintz, J Hardt, U Egle, G Kahaly, N Seki, N Hashimoto, H Sano, S Horiuchi, K Yagui, H Makino, Yasushi Saito, Katsunori Ikewaki, Hiroshi Mabuchi, Tamio Teramoto, Nobuhiro Yamada, Shinichi Oikawa, Jun Sasaki, Kouki Takata, Ana Marı ´a Wa ¨gner, Oscar Jorba, Mercedes Rigla, Rosa Bonet, Alberto De Leiva, Jordi Ordo ´n ˜ez-Llanos, Antonio Pe ´rez, Juris Meier, Michael Nauck, Nina Siepmann, Michael Greulich, Jens Holst, Carolyn Deacon, Wolfgang Schmidt, Baptist Gallwitz, Chul-Hee Kim, Min-Seon Kim, Ji-Young Youn, Hye-Sun Park, Hae-Sun Song, Kee Song, Joong-Yeol Park, Ki-Up Lee, I Zavaroni, F Numeroso, P Dongiovanni, D Ardigo, L Valenti, A Fracanzani, S Valtuen ˆa, R Delsignore, S Fargion, G Reaven, Paolo Coruzzi, Massimo Gualerzi, Gianfranco Parati, Lorenzo Brambilla, Valerio Brambilla, Marco Rienzo, Almerico Novarini
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
Premature T Cell Senescence in Pediatric CKD
Authors: Roshan P. George, Aneesh K. Mehta, Sebastian D. Perez, Pamela Winterberg, Jennifer Cheeseman, Brandi Johnson, Jean Kwun, Stephanie Monday, Linda Stempora, Barry Warshaw, Allan D. Kirk
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2016)

An individual’s immune function, susceptibility to infection, and response to immunosuppressive therapy are influenced in part by his/her T cell maturation state. Although childhood is the most dynamic period of immune maturation, scant information regarding the variability of T cell maturation in children with renal disease is available. In this study, we compared the T cell phenotype in children with renal failure ( n =80) with that in healthy children ( n =20) using multiparameter flow cytometry to detect markers of T cell maturation, exhaustion, and senescence known to influence immune function. We correlated data with the degree of renal failure (dialysis or nondialysis), prior immunosuppression use, and markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokines) to assess the influence of these factors on T cell phenotype. Children with renal disease had highly variable and often markedly skewed maturation phenotypes, including CD4/CD8 ratio reversal, increased terminal effector differentiation in CD8 + T cells, reduction in the proportion of naïve T cells, evidence of T cell exhaustion and senescence, and variable loss of T cell CD28 expression. These findings were most significant in patients who had experienced major immune insults, particularly prior immunosuppressive drug exposure. In conclusion, children with renal disease have exceptional heterogeneity in the T cell repertoire. Cognizance of this heterogeneity might inform risk stratification with regard to the balance between infectious risk and response to immunosuppressive therapy, such as that required for autoimmune disease and transplantation.
Lead poisoning.
Authors: M K Williams
Journal: BMJ (1972)

motor neuropathy postoperatively could have been due to the provocation of an attack of porphyria if the anaesthetic of nitrous oxide and oxygen was induced by an intravenous barbiturate.Though this would be an atypical presen- tation, one wonders whether the possibility of porphyria should be excluded, if this has not already been done, since this would be of interest should the patient ever be considered in the future for a procedure needing a general anaesthetic.-Iam, etc., P. G. CuTLER Leeds, Yorks Ocular Complications in Renal Transplantation SIR,-The interesting paper on the incidence of ocular complications in renal transplantation by Mr. R. Porter and others (15 July, p. 133) prompts us to report our own ex- perience.The frequency of cataracts after protracted corticosteroid treatment is well known.We have found it appears early after transplantation, it rarely impairs the quality of vision, and it regresses as soon as the prednisone dosage has been tapered to 0-16 mg/kg.Systematic eye examinations, in- cluding slit-lamp examination, ocular tono- metry, and visual acuity tests are carried out every three months on all our renal trans- plant patients.Since 1969 we have per- formed 48 renal transplants and in 36 the transplant function has been satisfactory for at least six months.A posterior subcapsular cataract was noted in half the patients.In eight it appeared within six months after the transplantation.In the others it occurred within 18 months.In all cases the cataract stabilized or regressed.All the transplants were cadaver kidneys and all the patients but two had one or several rejection crises during the first few months.Thus most of them had received high doses of prednisone (2 mg/kg for three days, then progressively reduced to 03 mg/kg).A rejection crisis occurred after the first year in only two patients and neces- sitated a late increase in the dose of prednisone.Therefore we have found a relationship between high daily doses of corticosteroids and the incidence of cataracts.In only one patient was the cataract severe enough to reduce vision, but it was not severe enough to need operation.-Weare, etc.,
Discrete Choice Experiment Reveals Strong Preference for Dietary Treatment Among Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Rosel Sturkenboom, Daniel Keszthelyi, Ad A.M. Masclee, Brigitte A.B. Essers
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent, chronic disorder of the gut-brain interaction that significantly affects quality of life. Several treatments, with comparable clinical efficacy, are available. Patient preferences can therefore be an important determinant of an effective management strategy. Treatment preferences of patients regarding decision making remain unclear. We aimed to examine these preferences and estimate trade-offs between different attributes.A total of 427 patients from the Maastricht IBS cohort were invited to participate. A labeled discrete choice experiment survey, containing 9 scenarios with each 3 alternatives (medication, diet, psychotherapy), was developed in order to estimate preferences. The treatment scenarios were based on 6 attributes: effectiveness, time to response, time until recurrence, side effects, time required, and frequency of appointments. The preference weights and relative importance were analyzed using a mixed logit model.A total of 185 (43.3%) of 427 potential respondents completed the questionnaire (mean age 49.51 years, 69.2% female). The most preferred treatment was dietary intervention (48.1%), followed by pharmacotherapy (29.2%) and psychotherapy (22.7%). IBS patients preferred a higher effectiveness, shorter time interval to response, longer time interval until recurrence, no severe side effects, and frequent appointments when attending psychotherapy. Younger patients (≤50 years of age) preferred dietary interventions and a long period until recurrence, whereas older patients (&gt;50 years of age) were more inclined to choose pharmacotherapy and the period until recurrence was not important.Dietary interventions were the most preferred IBS therapy. Identifying patients' treatment preferences during shared decision making will provide more optimal management strategies and could be the best approach to diminish disease burden.
PM2.5 and Serum Metabolome and Insulin Resistance, Potential Mediation by the Gut Microbiome: A Population-Based Panel Study of Older Adults in China
Authors: Liang Zhao, Jianlong Fang, Song Tang, Fuchang Deng, Xiaohui Liu, Yu Shen, Yuanyuan Liu, Fanling Kong, Yanjun Du, Liangliang Cui, Wanying Shi, Yan Wang, Jiaonan Wang, Yingjian Zhang, Xiaoyan Dong, Ying Gao, Li Dong, Huichan Zhou, Qinghua Sun, Haoran Dong, Xiumiao Peng, Yi Zhang, Meng Cao, Yanwen Wang, Hong Zhi, Hang Du, Jingyang Zhou, Tiantian Li, Xiaoming Shi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) affects the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is also influenced by accumulated fine particle air pollution [particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter of <2.5μm (PM2.5)] exposure. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies have proposed several potential mechanisms by which PM2.5 contributes to IR/T2DM, including inflammation imbalance, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests that the imbalance of the gut microbiota affects the metabolic process and may precede IR. However, the underlying mechanisms of PM2.5, gut microbiota, and metabolic diseases are unclear. Objectives: We investigated the associations between personal exposure to PM2.5 and fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, the IR index, and other related biomarkers. We also explored the potential underlying mechanisms (systemic inflammation and sphingolipid metabolism) between PM2.5 and insulin resistance and the mediating effects between PM2.5 and sphingolipid metabolism. Methods: We recruited 76 healthy seniors to participate in a repeated-measures panel study and conducted clinical examinations every month from September 2018 to January 2019. Linear mixed-effects (LME) models were used to analyze the associations between PM2.5 and health data (e.g., functional factors, the IR index, inflammation and other IR-related biomarkers, metabolites, and gut microbiota). We also performed mediation analyses to evaluate the effects of mediators (gut microbiota) on the associations between exposures (PM2.5) and featured metabolism outcomes. Results: Our prospective panel study illustrated that exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of higher IR index and functional biomarkers, and our study provided mechanistic evidence suggesting that PM2.5 exposure may contribute to systemic inflammation and altered sphingolipid metabolism. Discussion: Our findings demonstrated that PM2.5 was associated with the genera of the gut microbiota, which partially mediated the association between PM2.5 and sphingolipid metabolism. These findings may extend our current understanding of the pathways of PM2.5 and IR. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9688
US medical school finances
Authors: H. P. Jolly
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The 24th annual review of medical school finances, prepared by the Division of Operational Studies of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), is intended to reflect, through financial analysis of revenues and expenditures, the secular trends in medical education in the United States. Some sense of the growth in the enterprise during the 24-year interval from 1958-1959 to 1982-1983 may be gleaned from an examination of a few of its dimensions shown in Table 1. The number of schools has increased, candidates for both professional and academic doctorates have doubled and tripled, respectively, and the population of postdoctoral students has mushroomed. Full-time faculty has increased more than fivefold during this period. Expenditures for virtually all of the education, research, and service programs have expanded ten-to 20-fold or more. All in all, the epoch covered by this time series has been one of extraordinary growth. <h3>Background—Data Sources and Characteristics</h3> All
Scrotal Swellings
Authors: R. J. M. Love
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Scrotal swellings are commonly encountered in general practice, and a preconceived scheme for clinical exami- nation is a practical help to accurate diagnosis.Thus the clinician must first decide whether the swelling is passing into the scrotum from above or whether it is entirely contained in the scrotum.If the latter, is the swelling cystic or solid, and, if solid, is it in the epidi- dymis or the 'testicle or are both the epididymis and testicle involved ?With these points in mind, the follow- ing simple scheme comprises a summary of scrotal swellings: From Above Varicocele Congenital hydrocele Inguinal hernia Limited to Scrotum Cystic Spermatocele Cyst of epididymis Vaginal hydrocele Epididymis Testicle (Tuberculosis) (Gumma.New growths) Solid Both (Epididymoorchitis)
Effect of an Antiracism Intervention on Racial Disparities in Time to Lung Cancer Surgery
Authors: Marjory Charlot, Jacob Newton Stein, Emily Damone, Isabella Wood, Moriah Forster, Stephanie Baker, Marc Emerson, Cleo Samuel-Ryals, Christina Yongue, Eugenia Eng, Matthew Manning, Allison Deal, Samuel Cykert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Timely lung cancer surgery is a metric of high-quality cancer care and improves survival for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Historically, Black patients experience longer delays to surgery than White patients and have lower survival rates. Antiracism interventions have shown benefits in reducing racial disparities in lung cancer treatment.
Computer Modeling of Diabetes and Its Complications
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Computer simulation models are mathematical equations combined in a structured framework to represent some real or hypothetical system. One of their uses is to allow the projection of short-term data from clinical trials to evaluate clinical outcomes and costs over a long-term period. This technology is becoming increasingly important to assist decision making in modern medicine in situations where there is a paucity of long-term clinical trial data, as recently acknowledged in the American Diabetes Association Consensus Panel Guidelines for Computer Modeling of Diabetes and its Complications. The Mount Hood Challenge Meetings provide a forum for computer modelers of diabetes to discuss and compare models and identify key areas of future development to advance the field. The Fourth Mount Hood Challenge in 2004 was the first meeting of its kind to ask modelers to perform simulations of outcomes for patients in published clinical trials, allowing comparison against "real life" data. Eight modeling groups participated in the challenge. Each group was given three of the following challenges: to simulate a trial of type 2 diabetes (CARDS [Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study]); to simulate a trial of type 1 diabetes (DCCT [Diabetes Control and Complications Trial]); and to calculate outcomes for a hypothetical, precisely specified patient (cross-model validation). The results of the models varied from each other and for methodological reasons, in some cases, from the published trial data in important ways. This approach of performing systematic comparisons and validation exercises has enabled the identification of key differences among the models, as well as their possible causes and directions for improvement in the future.
Long-term clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with imatinib
Authors: Erik Duijvelaar, Job R Schippers, Patrick J Smeele, Michiel Alexander de Raaf, Arthur L E M Vanhove, Siebe G Blok, Jos W R Twisk, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Frances S de Man, Harm Jan Bogaard, Jurjan Aman
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2022)
COMPULSORY VACCINATION CONSTITUTIONAL.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Network meta-analysis (NMA) of second-line (2L) treatment options in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: Alejandro Recio-Boiles, Mavis Obeng-Kusi, Briana Choi, Ivo Abraham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

337 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, in combination either with a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 or tyrosine kinase inhibitor are approved for first-line (1L) therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Of those, several have been shown to improve median progression-free survival (mPFS) in the 2L. A recent NMA by Irbaz et al. (PMID 33824031) identified the most effective 1L treatments for mRCC. In the absence of head-to-head randomized clinical trials (RCT), we performed an indirect comparison of 2L treatments for mRCC. Methods: We conducted literature searches in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to identify RCTs evaluating 2L treatments in mRCC. We extracted the mPFS hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We used a normal likelihood model that incorporates log HRs of the treatment differences for conducting the NMA. P-scores, measuring the certainty that one treatment is better than another averaged over all competing treatments, were used to rank treatments. Higher p scores indicate better outcomes. Data were analyzed with R netmeta package v.1.5-0. Results: All 8 therapies included in this analysis showed benefits in mPFS over placebo (Table). The combination of lenvatinib+everolimus had the lowest hazard of disease progression or death and pazopanib was the highest compared to placebo. Lenvatinib+everolimus ranked highest with a p-score of 0.96 followed by cabozantinib (0.88), and lenvatinib (0.79); with others having p-scores of 0.60 or less (placebo p-score 0.00). Conclusions: This NMA revealed that lenvatinib+everolimus and cabozantinib are most likely to produce the highest PFS benefit in 2L in mRCC. Future studies are needed to evaluate 1L and 2L sequencing options to further inform clinical practice. [Table: see text]
Evolving real-world patterns of practice in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC): The genitourinary research consortium (GURC) national multicenter cohort study.
Authors: Steven Yip, Tamim Niazi, Sebastien J. Hotte, Luke Lavallee, Antonio Finelli, Anil Kapoor, Michael Paul Kolinsky, Michael Ong, Frederic Pouliot, Elie Antebi, Darrel Drachenberg, Geoffrey Gotto, Robert James Hamilton, Krista Noonan, Ricardo A. Rendon, Bobby Shayegan, Anousheh Zardan, Kim N. Chi, Fred Saad, Chris Morash
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

86 Background: Treatment options for patients with mCSPC have rapidly evolved with the introduction of androgen receptor axis targeted therapies (ARATs) and chemotherapy. The GURC cohort study is a phase 4, multicentre, non-interventional, longitudinal cohort study of Canadian men with advanced prostate cancer. We prospectively examined the evolving real world management and treatment patterns of patients with mCSPC, with a focus on treatment intensification beyond ADT and germline DNA damage repair (DDR) testing. Methods: Clinical management patterns, baseline patient characteristics, germline DDR alteration status, treatment intensification with ARATs (abiraterone acetate [AA], apalutamide [Apa], enzalutamide [Enza]) and chemotherapy within the mCSPC cohort were analyzed. Results: 204 patients with mCSPC were enrolled from 2018 to 2021 across 25 Canadian sites. The median age was 71 (range 64 - 77), median PSA at study entry was 24, 88% (158/180) of patients had de novo mCSPC, 69% (110/204) of patients had a Gleason Score &gt; 7, and 4% (2/49) of the patients who received a germline testing harbored a germline DDR alteration (BRCA2 = 1, MUTYH/MEN1 = 1). The distribution of high and low volume mCSPC at study entry was 62% (118/189) and 37% (71/189), respectively. Overall, patients received ADT alone 27% (51/189), AA 45% (86/189), apalutamide 17% (33/189), docetaxel 8% (15/189), and enzalutamide 3% (6/189). Treatment intensification with ARATs/docetaxel was administered to 69% [141/189]) of patients. Patients treated with ADT alone had a significantly lower volume of disease at treatment initiation (low volume rates of 49% [24/49] in ADT alone vs 33% [47/143] in treatment intensified patients, p = 0.044). Among those receiving treatment intensification with ARATs/docetaxel, time to intensification was ≤ 3 months in 78.5 % (113/144). Conclusions: This cohort study demonstrates that patients with mCSPC continue to receive ADT alone and docetaxel over time, despite an ever-increasing list of accessible ARATs. Patients receiving ADT alone appear to have lower volume of disease. Germline DDR testing is not yet comprehensively performed. This underlines the real world need to provide greater education and resources to encourage ARAT treatment and genetic testing in this setting.
Provisional Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey Supplement on Cancer Control— United States, January-March 1987
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal