tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional control of human gametogenesis
Authors: Fang Fang, Phillip J Iaquinta, Ninuo Xia, Lei Liu, Lei Diao, Renee A Reijo Pera
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2022)

The pathways of gametogenesis encompass elaborate cellular specialization accompanied by precise partitioning of the genome content in order to produce fully matured spermatozoa and oocytes. Transcription factors are an important class of molecules that function in gametogenesis to regulate intrinsic gene expression programs, play essential roles in specifying (or determining) germ cell fate and assist in guiding full maturation of germ cells and maintenance of their populations. Moreover, in order to reinforce or redirect cell fate in vitro, it is transcription factors that are most frequently induced, over-expressed or activated. Many reviews have focused on the molecular development and genetics of gametogenesis, in vivo and in vitro, in model organisms and in humans, including several recent comprehensive reviews: here, we focus specifically on the role of transcription factors. Recent advances in stem cell biology and multi-omic studies have enabled deeper investigation into the unique transcriptional mechanisms of human reproductive development. Moreover, as methods continually improve, in vitro differentiation of germ cells can provide the platform for robust gain- and loss-of-function genetic analyses. These analyses are delineating unique and shared human germ cell transcriptional network components that, together with somatic lineage specifiers and pluripotency transcription factors, function in transitions from pluripotent stem cells to gametes. This grand theme review offers additional insight into human infertility and reproductive disorders that are linked predominantly to defects in the transcription factor networks and thus may potentially contribute to the development of novel treatments for infertility.
P132: REVIEW OF THE INTEGRATED PSYCHOLOGICAL INPUT AT ANNUAL REVIEW CLINICS FOR PEOPLE WITH SICKLE CELL
Authors: W Tamblyn, I Isabella Rahman
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Background: At Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, the Haematology Health Psychology Service (HPS) is embedded within the Clinical Haematology Department. As a centre of excellence for the care of people with Sickle Cell, HPS has been forward-thinking in its endeavour to find ways to provide integrated person-centred care since it was founded in 1997. This includes working alongside other healthcare professionals as part of a multi-disciplinary team on ward rounds and specialist clinics. A twice-weekly annual review clinic is held at Guy’s Hospital for people with Sickle Cell in line with national guidelines. Aims: This poster presents the findings from a recent evaluation of the long-standing integrated psychology input at the Sickle Cell annual review clinic. The aim is to explore the outcomes of the annual review clinic for people with sickle cell and consider the benefits and limitations of this holistic model of care. Methods: This evaluation explores whether a need for further support was identified during the annual review appointment and what kind of support was offered. This could include a referral for psychological therapy in the service, a briefer intervention offered during or post the review or being signposted or referred to alternative sources of support. Clinical risk is also examined. Results: The analysis is currently still in progress. Summary/Conclusion: Although the analysis is still ongoing, the benefits of an increased presence of psychology in traditionally medical-only clinics will be discussed and the implications of a ‘catch-all’ approach will be explored; that many patients may have been seen for appropriate psychological support who might otherwise have not known it was available, or may have been reluctant to reach out for support. This will highlight the importance of holistic care when striving for excellence in person-centred Sickle Cell provision.
Assessment of coronary remodeling in stenotic and nonstenotic coronary atherosclerotic lesions by 16-slice spiral computed tomography
Authors: Stephan Achenbach, Dieter Ropers, Udo Hofmann, Ulrich Baum, Katharina Anders, Karsten Pohle, Stephan Wicky, Werner G. Daniel, Tom J. Brady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
An update of label-free protein target identification methods for natural active products
Authors: Zhao Cui, Caifeng Li, Peng Chen, Hongjun Yang
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Natural active products (NAPs) are derived from chemical substances found in nature that have biological activity and medicinal potential. Screening and revealing the protein targets of NAPs is an indispensable link in the pharmacological and toxicological understanding of NAPs. Proteins are the main factors executing cell functions, and cells rely on the function of proteins to complete various activities in the life cycle. The important mechanism of action of drugs is to regulate cell biological activities by interacting with proteins and other macromolecules. At present, the classic way to screen protein targets is based on the molecular label tracing method, which has a long cycle and changes the molecular structure and pharmacological effects of NAPs. Due to the shortcomings of molecular labelling methods, in recent years, scientists have tried to develop a variety of label-free protein target identification methods for NAPs and have made a certain amount of progress. This article reviews the current protein target identification methods for NAPs with the aim of providing a reference for research on NAP protein targets.
How long does a hip replacement last? A systematic review and meta-analysis of case series and national registry reports with more than 15 years of follow-up
Authors: Jonathan T Evans, Jonathan P Evans, Robert W Walker, Ashley W Blom, Michael R Whitehouse, Adrian Sayers
Journal: The Lancet (2019)

BackgroundTotal hip replacement is a common and highly effective operation. All hip replacements would eventually fail if in situ long enough and it is important that patients understand when this might happen. We aimed to answer the question: how long does a hip replacement last?MethodsWe did a systematic review and meta-analysis with a search of MEDLINE and Embase from the start of records to Sept 12, 2017. We included articles reporting 15-year survival of primary, conventional total hip replacement constructs in patients with osteoarthritis. We extracted survival and implant data and used all-cause construct survival as the primary outcome. We also reviewed reports of national joint replacement registries, and extracted data for a separate analysis. In the meta-analyses, we weighted each series and calculated a pooled survival estimate for each source of data. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018085642).FindingsWe identified 140 eligible articles reporting 150 series, and included 44 of these series (13 212 total hip placements). National joint replacement registries from Australia and Finland provided data for 92 series (215 676 total hip replacements). The 25-year pooled survival of hip replacements from case series was 77·6% (95% CI 76·0–79·2) and from joint replacement registries was 57·9% (95% CI 57·1–58·7).InterpretationAssuming that estimates from national registries are less likely to be biased, patients and surgeons can expect a hip replacement to last 25 years in around 58% of patients.FundingNational Institute for Health Research, National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Isle of Man, and The Royal College of Surgeons of England.
Contact Lens Health Week — August 19–23, 2019
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

August 19-23, 2019, marks the sixth annual Contact Lens Health Week. In collaboration with partners from clinical, public health, industry, and regulatory sectors, CDC is promoting healthy contact lens wear and care practices to reduce the risk for eye infections among the approximately 45 million persons in the United States who wear contact lenses. Studies conducted following outbreaks of rare but serious eye infections in the United States have found that these infections occur most frequently in contact lens wearers who do not take proper care of their contact lenses, indicating a need to promote safer wear and care (1).
Predictors and Prevalence of Paraganglioma Syndrome Associated With Mutations of the
Authors: Elena Chiappini, Luisa Galli, Clara Gabiano, Pier-Angelo Tovo, Maurizio De Martino
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Limitations of our study include that, as a cohort study, there is a potential that unmeasured confounders caused the observed differences.Small sample size and few outcomes in some of the subgroups also limit the ability to reach definitive conclusions and may account for some of the differences in results compared with Berk et al. 1 As a post hoc analysis, the findings should be considered hypothesis generating.Given these factors, there is a need for randomized trials of treatment for perinatal HIV infection to understand the optimal methods of preventing disease progression.Consideration must also be given to treatment in countries where triple therapy is not available.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: New Concepts and Therapies
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Ethan J. Rowin, Martin S. Maron
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2022)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a relatively common, globally distributed, and often inherited myocardial disorder, transformed over the last several years into a treatable condition with the emergence of effective management options that alter natural history at all ages. Now available are a matured risk stratification algorithm selecting patients for prophylactic implantable defibrillators that prevent arrhythmic sudden death; low-risk, high-benefit surgical myectomy to reverse progressive heart failure symptoms due to left ventricular outflow obstruction; anticoagulation prophylaxis to prevent atrial fibrillation–mediated embolic stroke; and heart transplant for refractory end-stage disease in the absence of obstruction. Those strategies have resulted in reduction of HCM-related morbidity and reduction of mortality to 0.5% per year.
Edinger-Westphal peptidergic neurons enable maternal preparatory nesting
Authors: Thomas Topilko, Silvina L. Diaz, Catarina M. Pacheco, Florine Verny, Charly V. Rousseau, Christoph Kirst, Charlotte Deleuze, Patricia Gaspar, Nicolas Renier
Journal: Neuron (2022)

Optimizing reproductive fitness in mammalians requires behavioral adaptations during pregnancy. Maternal preparatory nesting is an essential behavior for the survival of the upcoming litter. Brain-wide immediate early gene mapping in mice evoked by nesting sequences revealed that phases of nest construction strongly activate peptidergic neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in pregnant mice. Genetic ablation, bidirectional neuromodulation, and in vitro and in vivo activity recordings demonstrated that these neurons are essential to modulate arousal before sleep to promote nesting specifically. We show that these neurons enable the behavioral effects of progesterone on preparatory nesting by modulating a broad network of downstream targets. Our study deciphers the role of midbrain CART+ neurons in behavioral adaptations during pregnancy vital for reproductive fitness.
Deploying digital health tools within large, complex health systems: key considerations for adoption and implementation
Authors: Jayson S. Marwaha, Adam B. Landman, Gabriel A. Brat, Todd Dunn, William J. Gordon
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

Abstract In recent years, the number of digital health tools with the potential to significantly improve delivery of healthcare services has grown tremendously. However, the use of these tools in large, complex health systems remains comparatively limited. The adoption and implementation of digital health tools at an enterprise level is a challenge; few strategies exist to help tools cross the chasm from clinical validation to integration within the workflows of a large health system. Many previously proposed frameworks for digital health implementation are difficult to operationalize in these dynamic organizations. In this piece, we put forth nine dimensions along which clinically validated digital health tools should be examined by health systems prior to adoption, and propose strategies for selecting digital health tools and planning for implementation in this setting. By evaluating prospective tools along these dimensions, health systems can evaluate which existing digital health solutions are worthy of adoption, ensure they have sufficient resources for deployment and long-term use, and devise a strategic plan for implementation.
The Penis
Authors: Alan H. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<i>The Penis</i>is the first monograph devoted entirely to diseases of the penis. This multiauthored work begins with well-illustrated and thorough chapters on embryology, anatomy, and physiology. Two short, concise chapters cover congenital anomalies. Kelami's chapter, "Penile Deviation," gives an interesting perspective on the workup of this not uncommon condition but could have been combined with the chapter on Peyronie's disease for better continuity. The 32-page "mini-treatise" on cutaneous penile lesions contains excellent photographs, descriptions, and up-to-date management information on the multitude of conditions any physician may see in practice. The chapter on priapism covers the subject in detail and has clear algorithms and tables with diagrams of the surgical management of this condition, which requires emergency treatment. Nearly half the book is devoted to the evaluation and treatment of impotence. Lakin and Montague's chapter "NonSurgical Therapeutic Alternatives for Impotence" is timely and thorough and gives the clinician the methodology
Neoadjuvant ICI Response, Microbiome Probed in NSCLC
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Abstract Ipilimumab improves clinical outcomes when combined with nivolumab in early-stage, operable non-small cell lung cancer. In a first for a neoadjuvant trial, the study also found that responsiveness to the dual checkpoint blockade strategy may be influenced by a patient's gut microbiome.
Continued Search for Cancer Causes: Regulatory Mechanisms Within Cell
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chicago Ban
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1988)

CHICAGO IS joining New York and other cities in banning smoking in most public places (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:2809-2810). The Windy City's new ordinance bans smoking in: taxis, service lines such as for groceries, public restrooms, polling places, meeting rooms, and assembly halls. at least half the waiting areas of airports and train and bus stations. any workplace or area so designated by an employer (who must advise all employees of that policy). areas designated by employees. Chicago's ordinance states that, in case of disputes, the rights or concerns of a nonsmoker prevail over those of a smoker.—by
Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor improves conventional steroid therapy for Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in a cohort of patients
Authors: Suiting Ao, Xuemei Gao, Jipang Zhan, Lu Ai, Minyi Li, Huilin Su, Xuhua Tang, Coco Chu, Jiande Han, Fang Wang
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Tumor-associated high endothelial venules mediate lymphocyte entry into tumors and predict response to PD-1 plus CTLA-4 combination immunotherapy
Authors: Assia Asrir, Claire Tardiveau, Juliette Coudert, Robin Laffont, Lucas Blanchard, Elisabeth Bellard, Krystle Veerman, Sarah Bettini, Fanny Lafouresse, Estefania Vina, Dorian Tarroux, Severine Roy, Isabelle Girault, Irma Molinaro, Frédéric Martins, Jean-Yves Scoazec, Nathalie Ortega, Caroline Robert, Jean-Philippe Girard
Journal: Cancer Cell (2022)

Recruitment of lymphocytes into tumors is critical for anti-tumor immunity and efficacious immunotherapy. We show in murine models that tumor-associated high endothelial venules (TA-HEVs) are major sites of lymphocyte entry into tumors at baseline and upon treatment with anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). TA-HEV endothelial cells (TA-HECs) derive from post-capillary venules, co-express MECA-79+ HEV sialomucins and E/P-selectins, and are associated with homing and infiltration into tumors of various T cell subsets. Intravital microscopy further shows that TA-HEVs are the main sites of lymphocyte arrest and extravasation into ICB-treated tumors. Increasing TA-HEC frequency and maturation increases the proportion of tumor-infiltrating stem-like CD8+ T cells, and ameliorates ICB efficacy. Analysis of tumor biopsies from 93 patients with metastatic melanoma reveals that TA-HEVs are predictive of better response and survival upon treatment with anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 combination. These studies provide critical insights into the mechanisms governing lymphocyte trafficking in cancer immunity and immunotherapy.
THE NEW YORK COUNTY INSANE AND EPILEPTICS.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The pauper insane of any locality would seem to have a poor outlook, when those whose duty it is to advocate their interests sneer at others who volunteer on behalf of those interests. The State Charities Aid Association, now in its twenty-third year of proposed support of the charitable operations of the State of New York, has apparently adopted the rôle of apologists to those who run the institutions of the metropolitan city. In its last annual report the "whitewash" is applied as follows: " It would be useless to repeat<i>facts</i>which have been dinned into the ears of the public for several months past with regard to the many deficiencies of our city asylums." The fact that the charitable and correctional institutions are under one commission is adduced as one of the reasons why these facts exist, when the truth is that in years gone by the one commission,
Charles Nicolle (1866-1936) Bacteriologist
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relative Efficacy of Minoxidil and the 5-α Reductase Inhibitors in Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment of Male Patients
Authors: Aditya K. Gupta, Maanasa Venkataraman, Mesbah Talukder, Mary A. Bamimore
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

There are knowledge gaps regarding the relative efficacy of 3 commonly used drugs for androgenetic alopecia (AGA), namely, minoxidil and the two 5-α reductase inhibitors dutasteride and finasteride.
Development and Assessment of a Predictive Score for Vertebral Compression Fracture After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Spinal Metastases
Authors: Roman O. Kowalchuk, Benjamin A. Johnson-Tesch, Joseph T. Marion, Trey C. Mullikin, William S. Harmsen, Peter S. Rose, Brittany L. Siontis, Dong Kun Kim, Brian A. Costello, Jonathan M. Morris, Robert W. Gao, Satomi Shiraishi, John J. Lucido, Terence T. Sio, Daniel M. Trifiletti, Kenneth R. Olivier, Dawn Owen, Bradley J. Stish, Mark R. Waddle, Nadia N. Laack, Sean S. Park, Paul D. Brown, Kenneth W. Merrell
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is a potential adverse effect following treatment with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for spinal metastases.To develop and assess a risk stratification model for VCF after SBRT.This retrospective cohort study conducted at a high-volume referral center included 331 patients who had undergone 464 spine SBRT treatments from December 2007 through October 2019. Data analysis was conducted from November 1, 2020, to August 17, 2021. Exclusions included proton therapy, prior surgical intervention, vertebroplasty, or missing data.One and 3 fraction spine SBRT treatments were most commonly delivered. Single-fraction treatments generally involved prescribed doses of 16 to 24 Gy (median, 20 Gy; range, 16-30 Gy) to gross disease compared with multifraction treatment that delivered a median of 30 Gy (range, 21-50 Gy).The VCF and radiography components of the spinal instability neoplastic score were determined by a radiologist. Recursive partitioning analysis was conducted using separate training (70%), internal validation (15%), and test (15%) sets. The log-rank test was the criterion for node splitting.Of the 331 participants, 88 were women (27%), and the mean (IQR) age was 63 (59-72) years. With a median follow-up of 21 months (IQR, 11-39 months), we identified 84 VCFs (18%), including 65 (77%) de novo and 19 (23%) progressive fractures. There was a median of 9 months (IQR, 3-21 months) to developing a VCF. From 15 candidate variables, 6 were identified using the backward selection method, feature importance testing, and a correlation heatmap. Four were selected via recursive partitioning analysis: epidural tumor extension, lumbar location, gross tumor volume of more than 10 cc, and a spinal instability neoplastic score of more than 6. One point was assigned to each variable, and the resulting multivariable Cox model had a concordance of 0.760. The hazard ratio per 1-point increase for VCF was 1.93 (95% CI, 1.62-2.30; P < .001). The cumulative incidence of VCF at 2 years (with death as a competing risk) was 6.7% (95% CI, 4.2%-10.7%) for low-risk (score, 0-1; 273 [58.3%]), 17.0% (95% CI, 10.8%-26.7%) for intermediate-risk (score, 2; 99 [21.3%]), and 35.4% (95% CI, 26.7%-46.9%) for high-risk cases (score, 3-4; 92 [19.8%]) (P < .001). Similar results were observed for freedom from VCF using stratification.The results of this cohort study identify a subgroup of patients with high risk for VCF following treatment with SBRT who may potentially benefit from undergoing prophylactic spinal stabilization or vertebroplasty.