tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The clinical features of isolated left circumflex coronary artery disease.
Authors: R FDunn, H NNewman, LBernstein, P JHarris, G SRoubin, JMorris, D TKelly
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The clinical characteristics of 84 patients with isolated circumflex disease (greater than or equal to 70% luminal stenosis) were reviewed. A total of 66 patients had angina pectoris (mean duration 17.3 months), and 60 had suffered a myocardial infarction. Risk factors averaged 2.2 per patient. In the 84 patients there were 103 discrete circumflex stenoses; 51 stenoses were central (proximal circumflex, obtuse marginal, and intermediate branches), and 52 were peripheral (distal circumflex, posterolateral, and posterior descending branches); 48 were total and 55 were subtotal. Left ventricular function was normal in 21 patients and abnormal in 63 patients, but the mean left ventricular ejection fraction of the group was normal (59 +/- 12%). Eighty-two patients had abnormal electrocardiograms: there were Q waves in 25, RV pattern in 43, ST-T wave abnormalities in 19, left bundle branch block in two, and pacemaker rhythm in one. Inferior abnormalities on the electrocardiogram correlated with peripheral steno...
Quantitative x-ray microanalysis of the elemental composition of individual myocytes in hypoxic rabbit myocardium.
Authors: L MBuja, K PBurton, H KHagler, J TWillerson
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The purpose of this study was to use energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis to test the following hypotheses: (1) that individual myocytes may exhibit important variation in the severity of alterations in intracellular ionic homeostasis in response to hypoxia and (2) that hypoxic myocytes may accumulate certain elements in quantities sufficient to impair organellar function and structure. A rabbit interventricular septal preparation with attached small right ventricular papillary muscles was used to obtain control oxygenated myocardium (six papillary muscles) and myocardium rendered hypoxic for 1 to 1 1/2 hr (n = 8). Myocardium not perfused in vitro was also obtained (n = 4). Microanalysis was performed on freeze-dried thin sections of unfixed papillary muscles. Elemental concentrations were determined by suitable cryostandards of elements of interest. Sarcoplasm and mitochondria of most hypoxic myocytes exhibited significant alterations of diffusible elements, including increases in sodium and chloride an...
Profound platelet degranulation is an important side effect of some types of contrast media used in interventional cardiology.
Authors: N AChronos, A HGoodall, D JWilson, USigwart, N PBuller
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThrombotic complications occurring during coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are relatively frequent and can be influenced by the type of radiographic contrast media used. Low osmolar contrast media (LOCM), both ionic and nonionic, have been considered to be safer than the older high osmolar contrast media (HOCM), causing less haemodynamic and symptomatic side effects. Recently, however, nonionic LOCM have been associated with an increased incidence of thrombotic events, including coronary occlusion and stroke.METHODS AND RESULTSThe effects of commonly used contrast media on platelets in native blood were investigated using immunolabeling and flow cytometry to detect platelet activation in vitro. A nonionic LOCM (Omnipaque) caused profound platelet degranulation in nearly 80% of platelets compared with 2 to 3% of platelets in the control. Conversely, an ionic HOCM (Urografin) caused only 25% degranulation, whereas an ionic LOCM (Hexabrix) caused no pla...
Studies on the mechanism of pulmonary vascular responses to miliary pulmonary embolism.
Authors: G PKealey, M JBrody
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The nature and mechanisms of pulmonary vascular responses which follow miliary pulmonary embolism were examined in intact dogs in which the isolated left lower lobe was perfused at constant blood flow. Embolization of the lung with plastic microspheres increased total pulmonary vascular resistance, whereas, in contrast, vascular resistance of the isolated perfused left lower lobe which was protected from embolization was decreased. This vasodilation was prevented by chronic denervation of the lobe and by ganglionic blockade. Cervical vagotomy also blocked the response but atropine failed to alter the vasodilation. The response, which appeared to be reflex in origin and involve efferent sympathetic pathways, was prevented by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade produced by propranolol. Since the lobar vascular response to norepinephrine was significantly enhanced by propranolol, it was concluded that embolization of the lung evokes pulmonary vascular reflex vasodilation which is mediated over the sympathetic ...
The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Colorectal Cancer Screening In The Czech Republic
Authors: S Suchanek, O Ngo, T Grega, J Kouril, G Vojtechova, O Majek, M Zavoral
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims The population-based National Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening Program in the Czech Republic is offered to asymptomatic individuals aged over 50. Two methods are available: the fecal immunochemical fecal test (FIT) at age 50 – 54 annually; at age ≥ 55 biennially (followed by FIT+ colonoscopy, if positive) and screening colonoscopy at age ≥ 50 in 10 years interval. Besides these screening methods, colorectal adenomas and cancers might be find out with diagnostic colonoscopy or diagnostic FIT. During the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic (March to May) majority of the Endoscopy Units were closed or their activity was limited. Aim of the analysis was the evaluation of the CRC related procedures (screening and diagnostic FIT; screening colonoscopies; diagnostic colonoscopies) performed in the first six months of the year 2020 compared to the same period in the year 2019.
Demonstration of an imbalance between coronary perfusion and excessive load as a mechanism of ischemia during stress in patients with aortic stenosis.
Authors: M LSmucker, C LTedesco, S BManning, R MOwen, M DFeldman
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Patients with aortic stenosis are susceptible to myocardial ischemia during hemodynamic stress, which may be caused by two mechanisms. First, vascular abnormalities inherent in myocardial hypertrophy may impair coronary vasodilation, limiting the ability to increase coronary blood flow to meet increased metabolic demands. Second, aortic stenosis itself may cause an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand during hemodynamic stress by decreasing aortic pressure (decreasing coronary perfusion or oxygen supply) and increasing left ventricular pressure (increasing oxygen demand). By decreasing aortic valve gradient without immediately altering ventricular hypertrophy, aortic balloon valvuloplasty offers the opportunity to distinguish these mechanisms. We hypothesized that aortic valvuloplasty would improve the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, especially during isoproterenol infusion. Nine patients undergoing aortic balloon valvuloplasty were assessed at baseline and during isoproterenol ...
Sudden death after repair of double-outlet right ventricle.
Authors: W KShen, D RHolmes, C JPorter, D CMcGoon, D MIlstrup
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The outlook for patients with double-outlet right ventricle has improved since the development of corrective operations. Late arrhythmic deaths after successful procedures have been reported; however, the magnitude remains unknown. This study was undertaken to identify the magnitude of late sudden death and the significant factors associated with it. From 1965 through 1985, 118 patients underwent corrective operation for double-outlet right ventricle; of these, 23 died in the hospital and six were lost to follow-up. The 89 remaining patients (52 male and 37 female) made up the study population. Their mean age (+/- SD) was 10.3 +/- 7.8 years at the time of repair. The mean duration of follow-up was 82 months. Of the 22 late deaths, 16 (73%) were sudden. Eight (50%) of the sudden deaths occurred within 1 year of operation. Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis revealed the following significant risk factors for late sudden death: older age at the time of operation, perioperative or postoperative ve...
Infant lung function and wheeze in later childhood in the Southampton Women's Survey
Authors: E. Brooke, J. S. A. Lucas, S. A. Collins, J. W. Holloway, G. Roberts, H. Inskip, K. M. Godfrey, C. Cooper, K. C. Pike
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

We were interested to read the study by van der Gugten et al . [1] reporting associations between increased neonatal respiratory resistance and wheezing illnesses during infancy, and between reduced neonatal respiratory compliance and wheezing illnesses during the first 5 years of life and late-onset and persistent wheeze phenotypes. Reduced respiratory compliance was also associated with asthma, defined both according to primary care consultations and prescriptions or referral for wheezing illnesses, and according to patient-reported symptoms and lung function at the age of 5 years. The authors proposed that compliance and resistance might reflect different lung characteristics that are associated with symptoms in different age periods. Our data from normal-term infants in the Southampton Women’s Survey birth cohort provide further evidence that impaired physiological measurements soon after birth are associated with specific wheeze phenotypes. We previously reported an association between lower maximal flow at functional residual capacity ( V ′maxFRC) in early infancy and later transient wheeze [2]. The paper by van der Gugten et al . [1] has led us to analyse our data further with regards to compliance of the respiratory system ( C rs) and we have found that lower C rs is associated with asthma in our cohort too. Using the raised volume thoracoabdominal compression technique, we also measured forced expiratory volume in 0.4 s (FEV0.4); lower FEV …
Platelet Transfusions for Thrombocytopenic Preterm Neonates: The Monet Study
Authors: Suzanne F Fustolo-Gunnink, K Fijnvandraat, I M Ree, C Caram-Deelder, P Andriessen, E J d'Haens, C V Hulzebos, W Onland, A A Kroon, D C Vijlbrief, H Putter, E Lopriore, J G van der Bom
Journal: Blood (2017)
Leukotriene C4- and D4-induced diffuse peripheral constriction of swine coronary artery accompanied by ST elevation on the electrocardiogram: angiographic analysis.
Authors: HTomoike, KEgashira, AYamada, YHayashi, MNakamura
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Effects of leukotriene (LT) C4 and LTD4 on coronary artery spasm in atherosclerotic miniature pigs were examined angiographically. Endothelial balloon denudation of the left circumflex coronary artery was performed in 15 Gottingen miniature pigs; 11 were fed a 2% cholesterol diet and four were fed a regular diet for 3 months. Three months after this denudation, the area of the coronary artery was reduced by 94 +/- 2% and 43 +/- 5% (p less than .01) in the denuded and nondenuded areas by the intracoronary administration of 10 micrograms/kg histamine after pretreatment with 60 mg/kg iv cimetidine. The effects of LTC4 and LTD4 on coronary diameter and the preventive effects of FPL-55712, a LTC4 and LTD4-receptor blocker, or diphenhydramine, a histamine H1-receptor blocker, on histamine-induced coronary spasm were then examined angiographically. Administration of LTC4 or LTD4 in doses of 1 and 10 micrograms into the left coronary artery, or selectively into the left circumflex and left anterior descending cor...
Changes in central catecholaminergic neurons in the spontaneously (genetic) hypertensive rat.
Authors: J MSaavedra, HGrobecker, JAxelrod
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

Catecholamines and catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes have been examined in specific brain areas during the development of spontaneously (genetic) hypertensive (SH) rats. Changes in catecholamine metabolism were localized to regions of the brain implicated in the regulation of blood pressure. Norepinephrine levels and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activities were decreased in specific nuclei of the hypothalamus and in the nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis ventralis, in both young and adult rats. The decrease in the formation of norepinephrine can result in a reduced activation of central alpha-adrenergic receptors which may be related causally to the onset of hypertension. The activity of the epinephrine-forming enzyme, phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), was increased in the A1 and A2 areas of the brainstem in young SH rats, but it was normal in adult hypertensive animals. These results implicate adrenergic neurons in the brainstem and noradrenergic neurons in the hypothalamus in the ...
Detection of local abnormalities in ventricular activation sequence by body surface isochrone mapping in patients with previous myocardial infarction.
Authors: KIkeda, IKubota, AIgarashi, MYamaki, KTsuiki, SYasui
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Body surface isochrone mapping was performed in 36 normal subjects and in 85 patients with previous myocardial infarction. Eighty-seven unipolar electrocardiograms distributed over the anterior chest and the back were recorded simultaneously. For each lead, activation time was measured as the time from the onset of QRS to the peak of the R wave. The lead points where R waves were not observed were designated the no R wave  (NR area). Isochrone maps of normal subjects had a consistent pattern, with isochrone lines extending from the right upper anterior chest to the left anterior chest and then to the back. NR area was small and was located only on the right upper chest or the upper back. On the isochrone maps of patients with myocardial infarction, abnormal findings were observed; NR area was found in 26 of 28 patients with anterior infarction on the upper to middle anterior chest, in 13 of 22 patients with inferior infarction on the lower chest, and in 24 of 25 patients with anterior and inferior i...
Protective effects of sirtuin 3 on titanium particle-induced osteogenic inhibition by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome via the GSK-3β/β-catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Kai Zheng, Jiaxiang Bai, Ning Li, Meng Li, Houyi Sun, Weicheng Zhang, Gaoran Ge, Xiaolong Liang, Huaqiang Tao, Yi Xue, Yuefeng Hao, Chen Zhu, Yaozeng Xu, Dechun Geng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) remains the key factor in implant failure and subsequent revision surgery and is mainly triggered by wear particles. Previous studies have shown that inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation is the most widespread incident affecting the interface of trabecular and loosening prostheses. Additionally, the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by prosthetic particles. Sirtuin3, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase of mitochondria, regulates the function of mitochondria in diverse activities. However, whether SIRT3 can mitigate wear debris-induced osteolysis by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and enhancing osteogenesis has not been previously reported. Therefore, we investigated the role of SIRT3 during the process of titanium (Ti) particle-induced osteolysis. We revealed that upregulated SIRT3 dramatically attenuated Ti particle-induced osteogenic inhibition through suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and improvement of osteogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we found that SIRT3 interference in the process of Ti particle-induced osteolysis relied on the GSK-3β/β-catenin signalling pathway. Collectively, these findings indicated that SIRT3 may serve as a rational new treatment against debris-induced PPO by deacetylase-dependent inflammasome attenuation.
Thrombin modulates phosphoinositide metabolism, cytosolic calcium, and impulse initiation in the heart.
Authors: S FSteinberg, R BRobinson, H BLieberman, D MStern, M RRosen
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Thrombin stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis and increases cytosolic calcium in several types of cells. To determine whether thrombin exerts similar stimulatory actions in the heart and whether this mechanism is linked to changes in cardiac electrical activity, the effects of thrombin on several biochemical and electrophysiological parameters were examined. In neonatal rat ventricular myocyte cultures freed of fibroblast contamination by irradiation, thrombin rapidly induced the breakdown of phosphoinositides. Formation of inositol trisphosphate was detectable within 5 seconds and was followed by the sequential accumulation of inositol bisphosphate and inositol monophosphate. The effect of thrombin to stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis was inhibited by hirudin, but not by propranolol, prazosin, or pretreatment with pertussis toxin. The inositol phospholipid response was unassociated with changes in intracellular cAMP levels. To determine the electrophysiological effects of thrombin, we used microele...
Unstable angina pectoris: management based on available information.
Authors: R ORussell, C ERackley, N TKouchoukos
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Several prospective randomized studies of medical or surgical therapy have not shown that either form of management alone is uniformly superior with respect to mortality for unstable angina pectoris. Patients managed medically have a greater incidence of angina pectoris. Earlier studies indicated a higher rate of nonfatal myocardial infarction with urgent surgery. Present management includes hospitalization and early intensive medical therapy with nitrates and, usually, beta-blocking agents. Coronary arteriography is advised within a few days. If the patient has left main coronary artery disease or three-vessel disease, early coronary artery bypass graft surgery within days to a couple of weeks is advised. Otherwise, medical management is advised and elective surgery can be performed if the patient remains symptomatic.
Regional cardiac prostaglandin release during myocardial ischemia in anesthetized dogs.
Authors: H JBerger, B LZaret, LSperoff, L SCohen, SWolfson
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Cardiac prostaglandin release was studied in closed-chest dogs during acute coronary occlusion. Aortic and coronary sinus blood was obtained before, and at intervals after, balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery in seven dogs. Samples were assayed for prostaglandins F, E, and A by randioimmunoassay. All dogs demonstrated prostaglandin F release, Mean +/- SE postocclusion aortic levels were 0.26 +/- 0.01 ng/ml; coronary sinus levels were 0.67 +/- 0.01 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). In six dogs, prostaglandin E also was released. Mean postocclusion aortic levels were 0.24 +/- 0.01 ng/ml; coronary sinus, 0.44 +/- 0.01 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). There was no release of prostaglandin A. To examine the site of prostaglandin release, simultaneous samples from the aorta, the coronary sinus, and the great cardiac vein were obtained before and after left circumflex artery occlusion in six additional studies. The great cardiac vein drained effluent from nonischemic myocardium, whereas the coronary sinu...
Non-smoking: a feature of ulcerative colitis.
Authors: A D Harries, A Baird, J Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1982)

We suggest that chlormethiazole may have caused dysphagia by a direct action on the central mechanisms concerned in swallowing.Most reports of the adverse effects of this drug concentrate on the problems of drug abuse and addiction,3 and dysphagia has not been reported as a side effect.There have been some reports of dyspepsia, nausea, and vomiting related to the acidity of the tablets.4This is unlikely to have been important in the present case, however, since no reflux was detected during overnight recording.Further studies are needed to investigate the prevalence and mechanism of oesophageal dysfunction in patients taking this drug.
Lipoproteins and blood pressure as biological pathways for effect of moderate alcohol consumption on coronary heart disease.
Authors: R DLanger, M HCriqui, D MReed
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDSeveral epidemiological studies have shown light-to-moderate alcohol consumption to have a net protective effect on the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD).METHODS AND RESULTSMajor components of this effect, both positive and negative, may be explored using models that include both alcohol and variables expected to mediate the observed alcohol effect. Such modeling in a cohort of men of Japanese descent followed in the Honolulu Heart Program indicates that about half of the observed protection against CHD afforded by moderate alcohol consumption is mediated by an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol. An additional 18% of this protection is attributable to a decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, but it is counterbalanced by a 17% increase in risk due to increased systolic blood pressure. The explanation for the residual 50% benefit attributable to alcohol is unknown but may include interference with thrombosis. The results in this population replicate those in the Lip...
Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On The Upper Digestive Endoscopy: Comparative Study During 2 Distinct Periods
Authors: O Elmqaddem, M Nasiri, A Taiymi, A Zazour, A Elmekkaoui, W Khannoussi, G Kharrasse, Z Ismaili
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the upper endoscopic activity of the emergency departments of our service by comparing the epidemiological, clinical and endoscopic profile of patients who had an upper digestive endoscopy in an emergency context in 2 distinct periods before and during the pandemic COVID-19.
Evidence that ischemic cell death begins in the subendocardium independent of variations in collateral flow or wall tension.
Authors: J ELowe, R GCummings, D HAdams, E AHull-Ryde
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Irreversible ischemic injury occurs after coronary artery occlusion in vivo, first in the subendocardium and progressing toward the subepicardium over time, presumably due to transmural variations in collateral flow or wall tension. In this study, 10 left ventricular globally ischemic slabs were created that were free of wall tension and collateral flow. The onset and completion of ischemic contracture were identified by means of a new tissue compressibility gauge designed for these studies. Transmural samples were obtained at 15 min intervals for determination of high-energy nucleotide levels and for ultrastructural analysis. The results show that there is a statistically significant gradient of ATP depletion, with the subendocardium consistently showing accelerated energy utilization compared with the subepicardium (p less than .05). Ultrastructural evidence of irreversible injury first appeared in the subendocardium at the onset of ischemic contracture and occurred when ATP levels declined to less than...
Differential muscarinic receptor mRNA expression by freshly isolated and cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells.
Authors: W RTracey, M JPeach
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Endothelial cells, either in vivo or freshly isolated, respond when exposed to muscarinic agonists with an increase in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). When placed in culture, however, endothelial cells rapidly lose these responses, which may be related to changes in muscarinic receptor expression. Northern blot analysis of poly(A) + RNA from freshly isolated or cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells was used to address this problem. Through the use of specific cDNA probes complementary to the nonconserved regions of the m1, m2, m3, m4, and m5 muscarinic receptors, mRNA transcripts for the m1 (3.9 kb), m2 (3.8 kb), and m3 (3.1 kb) receptor subtypes were identified in freshly isolated endothelial cells, whereas m1 and m3 transcripts were identified in aortic smooth muscle. In contrast, cultured endothelial cells contained mRNA for only the m2 receptor subtype. Transcripts for the m4 or m5 receptors were not detected in either freshl...