tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
(Re)Discovering the Art of Medicine Through Standardization
Authors: Sarah Landau, Catherine L. Mavroudis, Rachel R. Kelz
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Diabetic phenotype in mouse and humans reduces the number of microglia around β-amyloid plaques
Authors: Teemu Natunen, Henna Martiskainen, Mikael Marttinen, Sami Gabbouj, Hennariikka Koivisto, Susanna Kemppainen, Satu Kaipainen, Mari Takalo, Helena Svobodová, Luukas Leppänen, Benjam Kemiläinen, Simo Ryhänen, Teemu Kuulasmaa, Eija Rahunen, Sisko Juutinen, Petra Mäkinen, Pasi Miettinen, Tuomas Rauramaa, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Annakaisa Haapasalo, Ville Leinonen, Heikki Tanila, Mikko Hiltunen
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D) plays an important role in conferring the risk for AD. Although AD and T2D share common features, the common molecular mechanisms underlying these two diseases remain elusive.Mice with different AD- and/or tauopathy-linked genetic backgrounds (APPswe/PS1dE9, Tau P301L and APPswe/PS1dE9/Tau P301L) were fed for 6 months with standard diet or typical Western diet (TWD). After behavioral and metabolic assessments of the mice, the effects of TWD on global gene expression as well as dystrophic neurite and microglia pathology were elucidated. Consequently, mechanistic aspects related to autophagy, cell survival, phagocytic uptake as well as Trem2/Dap12 signaling pathway, were assessed in microglia upon modulation of PI3K-Akt signaling. To evaluate whether the mouse model-derived results translate to human patients, the effects of diabetic phenotype on microglial pathology were assessed in cortical biopsies of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients encompassing β-amyloid pathology.TWD led to obesity and diabetic phenotype in all mice regardless of the genetic background. TWD also exacerbated memory and learning impairment in APPswe/PS1dE9 and Tau P301L mice. Gene co-expression network analysis revealed impaired microglial responses to AD-related pathologies in APPswe/PS1dE9 and APPswe/PS1dE9/Tau P301L mice upon TWD, pointing specifically towards aberrant microglial functionality due to altered downstream signaling of Trem2 and PI3K-Akt. Accordingly, fewer microglia, which did not show morphological changes, and increased number of dystrophic neurites around β-amyloid plaques were discovered in the hippocampus of TWD mice. Mechanistic studies in mouse microglia revealed that interference of PI3K-Akt signaling significantly decreased phagocytic uptake and proinflammatory response. Moreover, increased activity of Syk-kinase upon ligand-induced activation of Trem2/Dap12 signaling was detected. Finally, characterization of microglial pathology in cortical biopsies of iNPH patients revealed a significant decrease in the number of microglia per β-amyloid plaque in obese individuals with concomitant T2D as compared to both normal weight and obese individuals without T2D.Collectively, these results suggest that diabetic phenotype in mice and humans mechanistically associates with abnormally reduced microglial responses to β-amyloid pathology and further suggest that AD and T2D share overlapping pathomechanisms, likely involving altered immune function in the brain.
Contribution of MIR9 on Disease Progression of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Ko Sasaki, Fusako Nagasawa, Kenichi Yoshida, June Takeda, Yuichi Shiraishi, Kenichi Chiba, Hiroko Tanaka, Ai Okada, Satoru Miyano, Motoshi Ichikawa, Seishi Ogawa, Kinuko Mitani
Journal: Blood (2017)
IL-18 mediates sickle cell cardiomyopathy and ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Akash Gupta, Yu-Dong Fei, Tae Yun Kim, An Xie, Ken Batai, Ian Greener, Haiyang Tang, Sultan Ciftci-Yilmaz, Elizabeth Juneman, Julia H. Indik, Guanbin Shi, Jared Christensen, Geetanjali Gupta, Cheryl Hillery, Mayank M. Kansal, Devang S. Parikh, Tong Zhou, Jason X.-J. Yuan, Yogendra Kanthi, Peter Bronk, Gideon Koren, Rick Kittles, Julio D. Duarte, Joe G. N. Garcia, Roberto F. Machado, Samuel C. Dudley, Bum-Rak Choi, Ankit A. Desai
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract 14470: Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Peripheral Artery Disease versus Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Lukas Sprenger, Alexander Vonbank, Barbara Larcher, Arthur Mader, Maximilian Maechler, Margaretha Klement, Daniela Zanolin-Purin, Andreas Leiherer, Axel Muendlein, Heinz Drexel, Christoph H Saely
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is higher in peripheral artery disease (PAD) than in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, and PAD overall confers higher cardiovascular risk than CAD. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that there is a difference in cardiovascular risk between PAD and CAD patients when analyses are stratified by the presence of T2DM. Methods: We prospectively recorded cardiovascular events over 7.6±5.0 years in 253 patients with PAD, of whom 41.9% had T2DM and in 923 patients with stable CAD, of whom 26.7% had T2DM. Four groups were analyzed: CAD patients without diabetes (CAD/T2DM-; n=677), CAD patients with T2DM (CAD/T2DM+; n=246), PAD patients without diabetes (PAD/T2DM-; n=147) and PAD patients with T2DM (PAD/T2DM+; n=106). Results: The cardiovascular event rate was lowest in CAD/T2DM- patients (40.5%). It was significantly higher in CAD/T2DM+ patients (50.2%; p=0.007), in PAD/T2DM- patients (55.2%; p&lt;0.001), and in PAD/T2DM+ patients (67.6%; p&lt;0,001), who in turn were at a higher risk than CAD/T2DM+ or PAD/T2DM- patients (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.013, respectively). Further, cardiovascular risk was significantly higher in PAD/T2DM- than in CAD/T2DM+ patients (p&lt;0.001). Cox regression analysis after multivariate adjustment confirmed that PAD versus CAD (HR=2.58 [2.12-3.15]; p&lt;0.001) more strongly than the presence of T2DM (HR=1.55 [1.30- 1.85]; p&lt;0.001) predicted cardiovascular events. Conclusions: We conclude that even when compared to CAD PAD confers a higher risk than T2DM. PAD patients without diabetes are at a higher risk than the extremely high risk patients with the combination of CAD and T2DM; risk is exceedingly high in PAD patients with T2DM.
Exosome-based immunotherapy: a promising approach for cancer treatment
Authors: Zhijie Xu, Shuangshuang Zeng, Zhicheng Gong, Yuanliang Yan
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2020)

Abstract In the era of the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy, there is a high level of interest in the application of cell-released small vesicles that stimulate the immune system. As cell-derived nanovesicles, exosomes show great promise in cancer immunotherapy because of their immunogenicity and molecular transfer function. The cargoes carried on exosomes have been recently identified with improved technological advances and play functional roles in the regulation of immune responses. In particular, exosomes derived from tumor cells and immune cells exhibit unique composition profiles that are directly involved in anticancer immunotherapy. More importantly, exosomes can deliver their cargoes to targeted cells and thus influence the phenotype and immune-regulation functions of targeted cells. Accumulating evidence over the last decade has further revealed that exosomes can participate in multiple cellular processes contributing to cancer development and therapeutic effects, showing the dual characteristics of promoting and suppressing cancer. The potential of exosomes in the field of cancer immunotherapy is huge, and exosomes may become the most effective cancer vaccines, as well as targeted antigen/drug carriers. Understanding how exosomes can be utilized in immune therapy is important for controlling cancer progression; additionally, exosomes have implications for diagnostics and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the role of exosomes in immunotherapy as carriers to stimulate an anti-cancer immune response and as predictive markers for immune activation; furthermore, it summarizes the mechanism and clinical application prospects of exosome-based immunotherapy in human cancer.
Antimonene Nanosheets‐Based Z‐Scheme Heterostructure with Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Photonic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Yong Kang, Zhengjun Li, Yanli Yang, Zhiguo Su, Xiaoyuan Ji, Songping Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract A Z‐scheme heterojunction with high separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes and enhanced reduction/oxidation potentials, which can enhance reactive oxygen species generation and photothermal conversion efficiency, exhibits tremendous potential in photonic theranostics. Herein, antimonene nanosheets (Sb NSs) are functionalized with photosensitizer 5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis(4‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐21H,12H‐porphine (THPP) and a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modifier. The Sb–THPP–PEG NSs thus fabricated are found to form a Z‐scheme heterojunction structure between Sb and THPP, based on their valence band and bandgap level analysis. The Z‐scheme heterojunction structure enables the Sb–THPP–PEG NSs multiple promising features for cancer therapy. Firstly, due to improved electron–hole pairs separation efficiency and redox potential, new reactive oxygen species •O 2 − is generated, besides the production of 1 O 2 by THPP. Secondly, the assembly of THPP enhances the NIR‐light‐to‐heat conversion of Sb NS, a photothermal conversion efficiency as high as 44.6% is obtained by this Sb–THPP–PEG NSs photonic nanomedicine. Moreover, the photothermal, fluorescent, and photoacoustic imaging properties of Sb–THPP–PEG NSs allow multimodal imaging‐guided tumor treatment.
Reply to Wengenmayer <i>et al.</i>: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19–related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Worth the Effort!
Authors: Alexandra Monnier, Pierre-Emmanuel Falcoz, Julie Helms, Ferhat Meziani
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Abstract 225: The Adverse Mental Health Impact of Emergency Medical Services Related Public Health Messaging for Cardiac Arrest Patients During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Caroline Preston, Edmund Shen, Sabine L. Abukhadra, David Roh, Soojin Park, Jan Claassen, Donald Edmondson, Sachin Agarwal
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, various emergency medical services (EMS) and health agencies in New York City (NYC), and other hard-hit cities, issued new guidelines terminating resuscitation efforts in cases of out of hospital cardiac arrests (CA). This guidance was issued to protect the health and safety of EMS providers, to conserve hospital resources, and to ensure optimal use of equipment to save the greatest number of lives. However, the psychological impact of this public health messaging on existing CA survivors has not yet been studied. Methods: Between 5/15 - 5/18 of 2020, a month after the NYC COVID-19 pandemic peak, CA survivors from an ongoing, prospective study, were invited to participate in a telephone-based assessment of the pandemic’s impact on psychological and behavioral dimensions. COVID-19 anxiety was assessed using the 7-item Perceived Coronavirus Threat Questionnaire (PCTQ; e.g., “I am stressed around other people because I worry I’ll catch the coronavirus;” range 1-42). Survivors’ self-reported fear and uncertainty in receiving immediate life-saving care in the event of a CA due to recent public health messaging was assessed on a 5-point Likert-scale (Not at all—extremely). Results: Of 100 approached, 75 CA survivors participated (53% male; age 61±15 years; 44% non-Hispanic White, 20% Black, and 31% Latinx). The majority, 63 of 75 (84%), had no COVID-19 symptoms or had not been tested. The median COVID-19 anxiety score was 28 (interquartile range [IQR]: 21-37). Participants who were “very to extremely” afraid that emergency care would not come if they had another CA made up 45% (34 of 75; 95% C.I: 34-57) and scored 1 SD higher (mean±SD 34±6 vs 23±9, p&lt;0.001) on COVID-19 anxiety scores than those with little fear about the availability of emergency care. The association was significant after adjusting for age, race, sex, and COVID-19 testing status (Odds Ratio = 1.17; 95% CI: [1.079, 1.274]; p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: A better understanding of the potential psychological impact of disaster-related public health messaging is needed to prevent campaigns from causing additional distress and contributing to poor mental health and quality of life.
Abstract 13073: ECG, Clinical, and Imaging Characteristics of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy With Fat and Fibrotic Invasion Into the Left Ventricular Myocardium Revealed by Four-dimensional (4D) Cardiac CT
Authors: Nobusada FUNABASHI, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: 4D cardiac CT can reveal characteristics of arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) cardiomyopathy (ARVC) such as fat and fibrotic invasion into the RV and LV myocardium (RVM, LVM), an enlarged RV, reduced RV motion and bulging. Hypothesis: We could differentiate ARVC patients with fat and fibrotic invasion into the LVM from those without, using ECG, clinical, and other imaging characteristics. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 17 patients (11 males, 57±17 years) with suspected ARVC who underwent 4D cardiac CT. Results: 9 patients met the 2010 ARVC task force criteria. 4 had fat and fibrotic invasion into the LVM (group 1) but 5 did not (group 2). The remaining 8 did not fulfill the ARVC criteria (group 3). The proportion of males and age did not differ between groups. In groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, 3 (75%), 4 (80%), and 1 (13%) patients had epsilon waves in V1-3 (group 1&gt;3, P=0.033, group 2&gt;3, P=0.005). 2 (50%), one (20%) and 4 (50%) had complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB) (all P=NS). Three (75%), 3 (60%), and 1 (13%) had inverted T waves in V1-3 or beyond (group 1&gt;3, P=0.033). One (50%), 3 (75%), and 2 (50%) had terminal activation duration of QRS ≥55 ms measured from the nadir of the S wave to the end of the QRS, including R’, in V1, V2, or V3, in the absence of CRBBB (all P=NS). One (25%), 4 (80%) and 1 (13%) had sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT; group 2&gt;3, P=0.005). Two (50%), 1 (20%), and 3 (38%) had non-SVT (all P=NS). 4 (100%), 2 (40%), and 2 (25%) had clinical heart failure (group 1&gt;2, P=0.019, group 1&gt;3, P&lt;0.001). Finally, 4 (100% and 80%) and 6 (75%) had RV enlargement on TTE (all P=NS). On 4D CT, 4 (100%), 5 (100%), and 5 (63%) of patients in groups 1, 2 and 3, showed RV enlargement (all P=NS); 4 (100%), 2 (40%), and 1 (13%) showed reduced RV motion (group 1&gt;2, P=0.019, group 1&gt;3, P&lt;0.001); 75, 100, and 0%, had RV fat invasion (group 1&gt;3, P=0.002, group 2&gt;3, P&lt;0.001); and 25, 0, and 0% showed bulging (all P=NS). Conclusions: Most patients had RV enlargement on TTE and/or 4D CT. Presence of epsilon waves, reduced RV motion, and RV fat invasion on 4D CT may differentiate groups 1 and 2 from group 3, inverted T waves in V1-3 leads or beyond may differentiate group 1 from group 3, SVT may differentiate group 2 from group 3 but only clinical heart failure may differentiate groups 1 and 2.
A novel systems biology approach to evaluate mouse models of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Christoph Preuss, Ravi Pandey, Erin Piazza, Alexander Fine, Asli Uyar, Thanneer Perumal, Dylan Garceau, Kevin P. Kotredes, Harriet Williams, Lara M. Mangravite, Bruce T. Lamb, Adrian L. Oblak, Gareth R. Howell, Michael Sasner, Benjamin A. Logsdon, Gregory W. Carter
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2020)

Abstract Background Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. To date, animal models of Alzheimer’s have focused on rare familial mutations, due to a lack of frank neuropathology from models based on common disease genes. Recent multi-cohort studies of postmortem human brain transcriptomes have identified a set of 30 gene co-expression modules associated with LOAD, providing a molecular catalog of relevant endophenotypes. Results This resource enables precise gene-based alignment between new animal models and human molecular signatures of disease. Here, we describe a new resource to efficiently screen mouse models for LOAD relevance. A new NanoString nCounter® Mouse AD panel was designed to correlate key human disease processes and pathways with mRNA from mouse brains. Analysis of the 5xFAD mouse, a widely used amyloid pathology model, and three mouse models based on LOAD genetics carrying APOE4 and TREM2*R47H alleles demonstrated overlaps with distinct human AD modules that, in turn, were functionally enriched in key disease-associated pathways. Comprehensive comparison with full transcriptome data from same-sample RNA-Seq showed strong correlation between gene expression changes independent of experimental platform. Conclusions Taken together, we show that the nCounter Mouse AD panel offers a rapid, cost-effective and highly reproducible approach to assess disease relevance of potential LOAD mouse models.
Covid-19: We need new thinking and new leadership
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The US election victory for Joe Biden and Kamala Harris brings new hope for science and healthcare.12 Rational argument and informed debate now have a sporting chance against misinformation. But we still have serious fights on our hands.3 Pfizer’s announcement of interim results for its covid-19 vaccine4—by press release and with no supporting data—had all the hallmarks of Gilead’s premature promotion of its drug remdesivir, which has sadly failed to live up to the hype.5

We must hope that the vaccine fares better as more data emerge. We do at least …
Cardiovascular Care of the Oncology Patient During COVID-19: An Expert Consensus Document From the ACC Cardio-Oncology and Imaging Councils
Authors: Lauren A Baldassarre, Eric H Yang, Richard K Cheng, Jeanne M DeCara, Susan Dent, Jennifer E Liu, Lawrence G Rudski, Jordan B Strom, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Ana Barac, Vlad G Zaha, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Samer Ellahham, Anita Deswal, Carrie Lenneman, Hector R Villarraga, Anne H Blaes, Roohi Ismail-Khan, Bonnie Ky, Monika J Leja, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2020)

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Cardio-Oncology and Imaging Councils of the American College of Cardiology offers recommendations to clinicians regarding the cardiovascular care of cardio-oncology patients in this expert consensus statement. Cardio-oncology patients-individuals with an active or prior cancer history and with or at risk of cardiovascular disease-are a rapidly growing population who are at increased risk of infection, and experiencing severe and/or lethal complications by COVID-19. Recommendations for optimizing screening and monitoring visits to detect cardiac dysfunction are discussed. In addition, judicious use of multimodality imaging and biomarkers are proposed to identify myocardial, valvular, vascular, and pericardial involvement in cancer patients. The difficulties of diagnosing the etiology of cardiovascular complications in patients with cancer and COVID-19 are outlined, along with weighing the advantages against risks of exposure, with the modification of existing cardiovascular treatments and cardiotoxicity surveillance in patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.
On Multifaceted Definitions of Multilevel Societies: Response to Papageorgiou and Farine
Authors: Cyril C. Grueter, Xiaoguang Qi, Dietmar Zinner, Thore Bergman, Ming Li, Zuofu Xiang, Pingfen Zhu, Alex Miller, Michael Krützen, Julia Fischer, Daniel I. Rubenstein, T.N.C. Vidya, Baoguo Li, Maurício Cantor, Larissa Swedell
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2020)
Abstract 13282: Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease Perceptions of an Ankle Foot Orthosis: A Comparison by Physical Activity Level
Authors: Danae Dinkel, Mahdi Hassan, Holly Despiegelaere, JASON Johanning, Iraklis I Pipinos, Sara A Myers
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) restricts blood flow to the legs. Its most common manifestation is claudication, a severe impairment of physical activity produced by ischemia-related leg pain and tiredness during walking. We are conducting a trial to evaluate the possibility that an ankle foot orthosis could reduce claudication symptoms and increase the physical activity of patients with PAD. The perceptions of patients with PAD on wearing the ankle foot orthosis and how they vary by baseline physical activity level are unknown. Therefore, this study explored the perceptions of patients with PAD while using an ankle foot orthosis and if these perceptions varied by level of physical activity. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that those who are more physically active will perceive more benefits as a result of using the ankle foot orthosis. Methods: Participants (n=21) wore an ankle foot orthosis for 3 months. Baseline median step count was used to divide patients into high (n=10) or low (n=11) active groups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at midpoint and post. Data were analyzed using a summative content analysis. Results: Patients averaged 3233 ± 1523 steps/day with a median of 3137 steps/day at baseline. 45% of participants’ initial responses described a positive perception of their time wearing the ankle foot orthosis. 71.4% of participants reported an overall positive impact of wearing the ankle foot orthosis, primarily being able to walk further. Comparison by baseline physical activity level revealed 36.4% of participants with low physical activity reported seeing improvements in daily tasks (walking in the grocery store) versus 10% of those with high physical activity. Conclusions: In conclusion, our interview data demonstrate that perceived quality of physical activity in patients with PAD improved with the use of the ankle foot orthosis. Contrary to our hypothesis, minimal differences in perceptions of ankle foot orthosis use were found between patients with low versus high baseline physical activity levels.