tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 and Increased Risk of CKD Prevalence in China
Authors: Guoxing Li, Jing Huang, Jinwei Wang, Minghui Zhao, Yang Liu, Xinbiao Guo, Shaowei Wu, Luxia Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Background Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is an important environmental risk factor for cardiopulmonary diseases. However, the association between PM 2.5 and risk of CKD remains under-recognized, especially in regions with high levels of PM 2.5 , such as China. Methods To explore the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and CKD prevalence in China, we used data from the China National Survey of CKD, which included a representative sample of 47,204 adults. We estimated annual exposure to PM 2.5 before the survey date at each participant’s address, using a validated, satellite-based, spatiotemporal model with a 10 km×10 km resolution. Participants with eGFR &lt;60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 or albuminuria were defined as having CKD. We used a logistic regression model to estimate the association and analyzed the influence of potential modifiers. Results The 2-year mean PM 2.5 concentration was 57.4 μ g/m 3 , with a range from 31.3 to 87.5 μ g/m 3 . An increase of 10 μ g/m 3 in PM 2.5 was positively associated with CKD prevalence (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22 to 1.35) and albuminuria (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.47). Effect modification indicated these associations were significantly stronger in urban areas compared with rural areas, in males compared with females, in participants aged &lt;65 years compared with participants aged ≥65 years, and in participants without comorbid diseases compared with those with comorbidities. Conclusions These findings regarding the relationship between long-term exposure to high ambient PM 2.5 levels and CKD in the general Chinese population provide important evidence for policy makers and public health practices to reduce the CKD risk posed by this pollutant.
Three decades of clinical trials with beta-blockers: The contribution of the CAPRICORN trial and the effect of carvedilol on serious arrhythmias**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Craig M. Pratt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Abstract 10021: Race and Sex Differences in Modifiable Risk Factors and Incident Heart Failure
Authors: Danielle M Kubicki, Meng Xu, Elvis A Akwo, Debra Dixon, Daniel Munoz, William J Blot, Thomas J Wang, Loren Lipworth, Deepak K Gupta
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Low-income individuals in the southeastern US have high heart failure (HF) incidence rates, but relative contributions of risk factors to HF are understudied in this population. We ex...
Vitamin D3–elicited CD14+ human skin dendritic cells promote thymic stromal lymphopoietin–independent type 2 T‐helper responses
Authors: Adrien Brulefert, Astrid Hoste, Quentin Muller, Jean‐Daniel Fauny, Christopher G. Mueller, Vincent Flacher
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Immune modulation by vitamin D3 through dendritic cells (DCs) remains controversial. Human DCs exposed in vitro counteract type-1 T-helper (Th1) differentiation and induce regulatory T cells. However, cutaneous application on mice promotes Th2-driven inflammation resembling atopic dermatitis and relying on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) from keratinocytes and T-cell orientation by TSLP-stimulated skin DCs. We studied the effects of vitamin D3 in human skin, focusing on TSLP production and the role of skin DCs in T-cell differentiation.Human healthy skin explants were exposed in vitro to vitamin D3 analogs. Migrating DCs were analyzed and TSLP quantified in the supernatant. Allogeneic naïve CD4+ T cells were cocultured with DCs to assess their proliferation and cytokine production.Vitamin D3 induced skin DCs to differentiate Th2 cells producing IL-4 and IL-13. Vitamin D3 triggered TSLP release in ~30% of skin explants, correlating with IL-13 detection in Th2 cells. In these donors, blocking TSLP receptor during skin explant cultures abrogated IL-13 production, yet IL-4+ Th2 cells were unaffected. Among skin DCs emerged CD14+ cells that had responded directly to vitamin D3 and differed from classical CD14+ dermal emigrants. Vitamin D3-elicited CD14+ DCs sufficed to promote IL-4+ Th2 cells in a TSLP-independent manner.Vitamin D3, despite inducing TSLP in some donors, had a direct influence on skin DCs, affecting their phenotype and ability to drive Th2 responses independently of TSLP. Our findings pave the way toward in vitro systems that accurately model human cutaneous Th2 responses, notably involved in atopic dermatitis.
Ефективність Рафахоліну Ц в комплексному лікуванні хворих із дисфункцією сфінктера Одді після холецистектомії
Authors: Ye.S. Sirchak
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

Наведено результати комплексного обстеження та лікування 40 хворих із дисфункцією сфінктера Одді після холецистектомії. Доведена клінічна ефективність препарату рослинного походження Рафахолін Ц у комплексному лікуванні даного контингенту пацієнтів.
Accelerated tooth movement in Rsk2-deficient mice with impaired cementum formation
Authors: Cita Nottmeier, Maximilian G. Decker, Julia Luther, Simon von Kroge, Bärbel Kahl-Nieke, Michael Amling, Thorsten Schinke, Julian Petersen, Till Koehne
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2020)

Abstract Coffin–Lowry–Syndrome (CLS) is a X-linked mental retardation characterized by skeletal dysplasia and premature tooth loss. We and others have previously demonstrated that the ribosomal S6 kinase RSK2, mutated in CLS, is essential for bone and cementum formation; however, it remains to be established whether RSK2 plays also a role in mechanically induced bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). We, therefore, performed OTM in wild-type (WT) mice and Rsk2-deficient mice using Nitinol tension springs that were fixed between the upper left molars and the incisors. The untreated contralateral molars served as internal controls. After 12 days of OTM, the jaws were removed and examined by micro-computed tomography (µCT), decalcified histology, and immunohistochemistry. Our analysis of the untreated teeth confirmed that the periodontal phenotype of Rsk2 -deficient mice is characterized by alveolar bone loss and hypoplasia of root cementum. Quantification of OTM using µCT revealed that OTM was more than two-fold faster in Rsk2 -deficient mice as compared to WT. We also observed that OTM caused alveolar bone loss and root resorptions in WT and Rsk2 -deficient mice. However, quantification of these orthodontic side effects revealed no differences between WT and Rsk2 -deficient mice. Taken together, Rsk2 loss-of-function accelerates OTM in mice without causing more side effects.
Reduced Myocardial Uptake of 123I-MIBG in Congenital Insensitivity to Pain With Anhidrosis
Authors: Mihoko Sasahara, Takashi Abe, Yoichi Otomi, Hiroki Yamazaki, Masafumi Harada
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

A 30-year-old man presented with repeated episodes of painless injuries in his feet and abnormally high body temperature. He was diagnosed with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis-a rare hereditary peripheral neuropathy characterized by decreased pain, reduced sweating, and autonomic neuropathy. Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is also called hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV. 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy showed reduced myocardial uptake (heart-to-mediastinum ratio: 1.56 and 1.42 in the early and late phases, respectively; washout ratio, 49%), indicating autonomic dysfunction. This finding may contribute to the diagnosis of congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis and the semiquantitative evaluation of an autonomic dysfunction.
Performance of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis, Synthetic Mammography, and Digital Mammography in Breast Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mostafa Alabousi, Akshay Wadera, Mohammed Kashif Al-Ghita, Rayeh Kashef Al-Ghetaa, Jean-Paul Salameh, Alex Pozdnyakov, Nanxi Zha, Lucy Samoilov, Anahita Dehmoobad Sharifabadi, Behnam Sadeghirad, Vivianne Freitas, Matthew DF McInnes, Abdullah Alabousi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2020)

Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the breast cancer detection rate (CDR), invasive CDR, recall rate, and positive predictive value 1 (PPV1) of digital mammography (DM) alone, combined digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and DM, combined DBT and synthetic 2-dimensional mammography (S2D), and DBT alone.
Risk‐mitigating behaviours in people with inflammatory skin and joint disease during the COVID‐19 pandemic differ by treatment type: a cross‐sectional patient survey*
Authors: S.K. Mahil, M. Yates, S.M. Langan, Z.Z.N. Yiu, T. Tsakok, N. Dand, K.J. Mason, H. McAteer, F. Meynell, B. Coker, A. Vincent, D. Urmston, A. Vesty, J. Kelly, C. Lancelot, L. Moorhead, H. Bachelez, I.N. Bruce, F. Capon, C.R. Contreras, A.P. Cope, C. De La Cruz, P. Di Meglio, P. Gisondi, K. Hyrich, D. Jullien, J. Lambert, H. Marzo‐Ortega, I. McInnes, L. Naldi, S. Norton, L. Puig, R. Sengupta, P. Spuls, T. Torres, R.B. Warren, H. Waweru, J. Weinman, C.E.M. Griffiths, J.N. Barker, M.A. Brown, J.B. Galloway, C.H. Smith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Registry data suggest that people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) receiving targeted systemic therapies have fewer adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes compared with patients receiving no systemic treatments.We used international patient survey data to explore the hypothesis that greater risk-mitigating behaviour in those receiving targeted therapies may account, at least in part, for this observation.Online surveys were completed by individuals with psoriasis (globally) or rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) (UK only) between 4 May and 7 September 2020. We used multiple logistic regression to assess the association between treatment type and risk-mitigating behaviour, adjusting for clinical and demographic characteristics. We characterized international variation in a mixed-effects model.Of 3720 participants (2869 psoriasis, 851 RMDs) from 74 countries, 2262 (60·8%) reported the most stringent risk-mitigating behaviour (classified here under the umbrella term 'shielding'). A greater proportion of those receiving targeted therapies (biologics and Janus Kinase inhibitors) reported shielding compared with those receiving no systemic therapy [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1·63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·35-1·97]. The association between targeted therapy and shielding was preserved when standard systemic therapy was used as the reference group (OR 1·39, 95% CI 1·23-1·56). Shielding was associated with established risk factors for severe COVID-19 [male sex (OR 1·14, 95% CI 1·05-1·24), obesity (OR 1·37, 95% CI 1·23-1·54), comorbidity burden (OR 1·43, 95% CI 1·15-1·78)], a primary indication of RMDs (OR 1·37, 95% CI 1·27-1·48) and a positive anxiety or depression screen (OR 1·57, 95% CI 1·36-1·80). Modest differences in the proportion shielding were observed across nations.Greater risk-mitigating behaviour among people with IMIDs receiving targeted therapies may contribute to the reported lower risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. The behaviour variation across treatment groups, IMIDs and nations reinforces the need for clear evidence-based patient communication on risk-mitigation strategies and may help inform updated public health guidelines as the pandemic continues.
The hyperdynamic circulatory profile of patients with <scp>COVID</scp>‐19‐related acute vascular distress syndrome<scp>.</scp> Letter regarding the article ‘Haemodynamic characteristics of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation. An invasive assessment using right heart catheterization’
Authors: Yazine Mahjoub, Daniel O. Rodenstein, Vincent Jounieaux
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)
Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma: Targeted Mass Spectrometry in Blood Vs Next Generation Sequencing in Bone Marrow
Authors: Marina Zajec, Pieter Langerhorst, Somayya Noori, Martijn van Duijn, Yolanda de Rijke, Jolein Gloerich, Alain van Gool, Jill Corre, Thomas Dejoie, Helene Caillon, Joannes Jacobs, Theo Luider, Herve Avet-Loiseau
Journal: Blood (2020)
FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Florian Egger, Jürgen Scharhag, Andreas Kästner, Jiří Dvořák, Philipp Bohm, Tim Meyer
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Objective To investigate the underlying causes and regional patterns of sudden death in football (soccer) players worldwide to inform and improve existing screening and prevention measures. Methods From 2014 to 2018 cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD), survived sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and traumatic sudden death were recorded by media monitoring (Meltwater), a confidential web-based data platform and data synchronisation with existing national Sudden Death Registries (n=16). Inclusion criteria were met when sudden death occurred during football-specific activity or up to 1 hour afterwards. Death during other activities was excluded. Results A total of 617 players (mean age 34±16 years, 96% men) with sudden death were reported from 67 countries; 142 players (23%) survived. A diagnosis by autopsy or definite medical reports was established in 211 cases (34%). The leading cause in players &gt;35 years was coronary artery disease (76%) and in players ≤35 years was sudden unexplained death (SUD, 22%). In players ≤35 years the leading cause of SCD varied by region: cardiomyopathy in South America (42%), coronary artery anomaly in North America (33%) and SUD in Europe (26%). Traumatic sudden death including commotio cordis occurred infrequently (6%). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) resulted in a survival rate of 85% with the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) compared with 35% without. Conclusions Regional variation in SCD aetiology should be verified by expansion of national registries and uniform autopsy protocols. Immediate access to an AED at training and competition sites, as well as CPR training for players, coaches and staff members, is needed to improve survival from SCA.
Unwelcome Complement
Authors: Maciej M. Markiewski, John D. Lambris
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

For decades, the complement system has been recognized as an effector arm of the innate immunity system that contributes to the destruction of tumor cells. However, recent studies have challenged this paradigm by demonstrating that a complement component, the anaphylatoxin C5a, promotes the growth of malignant tumors in a mouse model of cervical carcinoma. The effect of C5a on tumor growth was associated with the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to tumors, followed by the activation of these cells. These unexpected findings identify the complement system as a potential new target for anticancer immunotherapy.
Covid-19: FDA authorizes Moderna vaccine as US starts vaccinating health workers
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the Moderna vaccine against covid-19 for emergency use on 18 December, with the US on track to receive 20 million doses by the end of this month and a further 85-100 million doses in the first three months of 2021. 1 7 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Covid-19 vaccines and severe allergic reactions.
Attenuated Coronary Collateral Function After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: A New Downside of Drug-Eluting Stents?⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Morton J. Kern
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
An ACE in the Hole: Alternative Pathways of the Renin Angiotensin System and Their Potential Role in Cardiac Remodeling⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Barry Greenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Efficiently Restored Thrombopoietin Production by Ashwell‐Morell Receptor and IL‐6R Induced Janus Kinase 2/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling Early After Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Friedrich Reusswig, Nastaran Fazel Modares, Marius Brechtenkamp, Leonard Wienands, Irena Krüger, Kristina Behnke, Melissa M. Lee‐Sundlov, Diran Herebian, Jürgen Scheller, Karin M. Hoffmeister, Dieter Häussinger, Margitta Elvers
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background and Aims Thrombocytopenia has been described in most patients with acute and chronic liver failure. Decreased platelet production and decreased half‐life of platelets might be a consequence of low levels of thrombopoietin (TPO) in these patients. Platelet production is tightly regulated to avoid bleeding complications after vessel injury and can be enhanced under elevated platelet destruction as observed in liver disease. Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the primary regulator of platelet biogenesis and supports proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes. Approach and Results Recent work provided evidence for the control of TPO mRNA expression in liver and bone marrow (BM) by scanning circulating platelets. The Ashwell‐Morell receptor (AMR) was identified to bind desialylated platelets to regulate hepatic thrombopoietin (TPO) production by Janus kinase (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) activation. Two‐thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx) was performed in mice. Platelet activation and clearance by AMR/JAK2/STAT3 signaling and TPO production were analyzed at different time points after PHx. Here, we demonstrate that PHx in mice led to thrombocytopenia and platelet activation defects leading to bleeding complications, but unaltered arterial thrombosis, in these mice. Platelet counts were rapidly restored by up‐regulation and crosstalk of the AMR and the IL‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) to induce JAK2‐STAT3‐TPO activation in the liver, accompanied by an increased number of megakaryocytes in spleen and BM before liver was completely regenerated. Conclusions The AMR/IL‐6R‐STAT3‐TPO signaling pathway is an acute‐phase response to liver injury to reconstitute hemostasis. Bleeding complications were attributable to thrombocytopenia and platelet defects induced by elevated PGI 2 , NO, and bile acid plasma levels early after PHx that might also be causative for the high mortality in patients with liver disease.
Concordance Between Tumor and Germline <i>BRCA</i> Status in High-Grade Ovarian Carcinoma Patients in the Phase III PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 Trial
Authors: Céline Callens, Dominique Vaur, Isabelle Soubeyran, Etienne Rouleau, Pierre-Alexandre Just, Erell Guillerm, Lisa Golmard, Nicolas Goardon, Nicolas Sevenet, Odile Cabaret, Philipp Harter, Antonio Gonzalez-Martin, Keiichi Fujiwara, Sabrina Chiara Cecere, Nicoletta Colombo, Christian Marth, Ignace Vergote, Johanna Maenpaa, Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Isabelle Ray-Coquard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2020)

Abstract Background PAOLA1 is a phase III study assessing olaparib maintenance therapy in advanced high-grade ovarian carcinoma patients responding to first-line platinum-taxane–based chemotherapy plus bevacizumab as standard of care. Randomization was stratified by treatment outcome and tumor BRCA1/2 status (tBRCA) at screening. Methods tBRCA was tested on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor blocks on 5 French platforms using 2 next-generation sequencing methods based either on hybrid capture or amplicon technology. One of the exploratory objectives was to assess the concordance between germline (gBRCA) and tBRCA testing in French patients. gBRCA testing was performed on blood samples on the same platforms. Results From May 2015 to July 2017, tBRCA tests were performed for 1176 screened patients. Only 52 (4.4%) tumor samples were noncontributive. The median interval between reception of the tumor sample and availability of the tBRCA status result was 37 days (range = 8-260). A pathogenic variant was reported in 27.1% tumor samples (319 of 1176 screened patients). tBRCA and gBRCA testing were performed for 451 French patients with negative results for both tests in 306 patients (67.8%) and positive results for both tests in 85 patients (18.8%). Only 1 large genomic rearrangement of BRCA1 was detected, exclusively in the blood sample. Interestingly, tBRCA testing revealed 6.4% of pathogenic variant (29 of 451) not detected by gBRCA testing. Conclusions tBRCA testing is an appropriate tool with an acceptable turnaround time for clinical practice and a low failure rate, ensuring reliable identification of patients likely to benefit from poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy.
Phylogenomics of the <i>Maverick</i> Virus-Like Mobile Genetic Elements of Vertebrates
Authors: Jose Gabriel Nino Barreat, Aris Katzourakis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Mavericks are virus-like mobile genetic elements found in the genomes of eukaryotes. Although Mavericks encode capsid morphogenesis homologs, their viral particles have not been observed. Here, we provide new evidence supporting the viral nature of Mavericks and the potential existence of virions. To this end, we conducted a phylogenomic analysis of Mavericks in hundreds of vertebrate genomes, discovering 134 elements with an intact coding capacity in 17 host species. We reveal an extensive genomic fossil record in 143 species and date three groups of elements to the Late Cretaceous. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using genomic fossil orthologs suggests that Mavericks have infected osteichthyans for ∼419 My. They have undergone frequent cross-species transmissions in cyprinid fish and all core genes are subject to strong purifying selection. We conclude that vertebrate Mavericks form an ancient lineage of aquatic dsDNA viruses which are probably still functional in some vertebrate lineages.