tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fats and atheroma.
Authors: J M McMichael
Journal: BMJ (1979)

extent or degree of coronary atheroma was found at necropsy in Glasgow men compared with London men,7 but mortality from ischaemic heart disease is much greater in Scotland, particularly around Glasgow, than in the south of England.8Preliminary observations indicate that platelet aggregation to thrombin, collagen, and arachidonic acid is greater in farmers in the south-west of Scotland, where the mortality is high, than in farmers in the central east of Scotland, where the mortality is lower.9Furthermore, the highest mortality from stroke in the UK is also in Scotland and particularly in the central-west and north-west regions.More data are needed to confirm or refute the longstanding views of an important association between a deficiency of EFAs and ischaemic heart disease.This may be mediated through prostaglandin-related thrombogenesis rather than the development of coronary atheroma.We now need to collect evidence to determine whether the addition of certain EFAs to the diet reduces indices of hyper- coagulability in man.If so, such specific dietary supplementation should be tested formally to see if it is preventive in communi- ties with a very high vascular mortality.
Quantitative analysis of narrowings of intramyocardial small arteries in normal hearts, hypertensive hearts, and hearts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: MTanaka, HFujiwara, TOnodera, D JWu, MMatsuda, YHamashima, CKawai
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To clarify the pathophysiologic role of intramyocardial small artery (IMSA) diseases in hypertrophied hearts, narrowings of the IMSA were quantitatively evaluated in 39 autopsied hearts, 10 from patients with typical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), four from patients with HCM showing features mimicking dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM-like HCM), 10 from patients with hypertension, and 15 from normal adults. The relations of narrowings of the IMSA to myocytic hypertrophy, myocardial fiber disarray, and fibrosis were also examined. The external caliber and the ratio of the luminal area to the total vascular area (percent luminal area, % lumen) were calculated by an image analyzer in 85 to 203 IMSAs from each patient. The external calibers of the IMSAs were similar among groups of hearts with HCM, hypertensive hearts, and normal hearts but were greater in those with DCM-like HCM. The mean % lumen of the IMSAs was similarly reduced in the hearts with HCM (29 +/- 5% in the ventricular septum and 31 +/- 5% in the...
Paper‐based Analytical Devices: In Situ Nucleic Acid Amplification and Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Readout in a Paper‐Based Analytical Device Using Silver Nanoplates (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 7/2021)
Authors: Akkapol Suea‐Ngam, Ilada Choopara, Shangkun Li, Mathias Schmelcher, Naraporn Somboonna, Philip D. Howes, Andrew J. deMello
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

In article number 2001755 by Andrew J. DeMello, Philip D. Howes, and co-workers, the combination of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and silver nanoplates allows ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), down to a single target copy, with easy qualitative readout by the naked eye and quantitative readout with a smartphone camera.
Salt and water retention and calcium blockade in uremia.
Authors: G MLondon, S JMarchais, A PGuerin, FMetivier, M ESafar, FFabiani, LFroment
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Blood pressure, echocardiography, and aortic and peripheral arterial pulse-wave velocity were studied in 40 hypertensive patients on long-term hemodialysis during a 24-week administration of nitrendipine (1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-[m-nitrophenyl]-3,5-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid ethyl methylester) monotherapy. In a double-blind placebo-randomized study, nitredipine effectively lowered the blood pressure (p less than 0.001) before hemodialysis without causing postdialysis hypotension. The antihypertensive effect of nitrendipine was greater in patients with significant salt and water retention, as indicated by interdialytic body weight gain (delta BW), that is, a significant correlation was observed between delta BW and the decrease in blood pressure (r = 0.72; p less than 0.001). The antihypertensive effect was not related to age, pretreatment plasma renin activity, or serum-ionized calcium concentration. After nitrendipine, a time-related decrease in aortic (p less than 0.005) and femoral (p less than 0.05...
Myocardial blood flow response to isometric (handgrip) and treadmill exercise in coronary artery disease.
Authors: D KLowe, D ARothbaum, P LMcHenry, B CCorya, S BKnoebel
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Thirty patients undergoing coronary cineangiography for diagnosis or evaluation of coronary artery disease had myocardial blood flow studies pre and post handgrip (isometric) exercise just prior to cineangiography. The handgrip was maintained at one-third maximum effort for three minutes. The patients also had treadmill exercise testing a day or two prior to the study. Treadmill testing was carried out until angina or positive ST-segment changes occurred or the patient attained 90% of predicted maximal heart rate. Of the 30 patients, seven had no coronary artery disease and 23 had significant disease, i.e., greater than 75% occlusion of at least one major coronary artery. Six of the 23 patients (26%) with disease had angina with handgrip and demonstrated a decreased myocardial blood flow, a significantly different response from the patients without agina (P less than 0.001). For the group without angina, the blood flow response was not significantly different from the normal group. Treadmill tests were po...
Comparison of Water Pipes vs Other Modes of Cannabis Consumption and Subsequent Illicit Drug Use in a Longitudinal Cohort of Young Swiss Men
Authors: Dai-Hua Tsai, Simon Foster, Stéphanie Baggio, Gerhard Gmel, Meichun Mohler-Kuo
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> There are concerns that the use of water pipes to consume cannabis is associated with increased risks of engaging in more addictive behaviors. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether consuming cannabis with a water pipe was associated with later consumption of other illicit drugs compared with not using a water pipe. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF) was a population-based study, recruiting 5987 Swiss men aged 18 to 25 years from 3 of 6 Swiss Armed Forces recruitment centers (response rate: 79.2%). The baseline assessment (t0) was done from 2010 to 2012, first follow-up (t1) from 2012 to 2014, and second follow-up (t2) from 2016 to 2018. Our sample included men who participated in both t0 and t2 assessments and used cannabis but no other illicit drugs at t0. Data analysis was performed from July 2020 to January 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Cannabis use frequency and route of administration from self-administered questionnaires completed at t0 and t2. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Outcome measures were initiation of illicit drug use and cannabis use disorder, identified by the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test. To examine whether water pipe use at t0 was associated with illicit drug use at t2, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. <h3>Results</h3> Among 1108 Swiss male cannabis users who did not use other illicit drugs at t0, the mean (SD) age was 20 (1.2) years, 617 (55.7%) were from Switzerland’s French-speaking region, and 343 (30%) used water pipes to consume cannabis. Water pipe users at t0 were more likely to use other illicit drugs at t2 compared with water pipe nonusers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.10-2.16). The odds of using middle-stage drugs (including stimulants, hallucinogens, and inhaled drugs) at t2 were increased for water pipe users (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.13-2.29). Water pipe use at t0 was not associated with cannabis use disorder at t2 after adjusting for cannabis use frequency. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This cohort study’s results suggest that, among Swiss young men, water pipe use is associated with other illicit drug use later in life, particularly middle-stage illicit drugs. Preventive programs must focus on the potential of later harm to cannabis users who use water pipes but have not yet started taking other illicit drugs.
Role of intrapulmonary release of eicosanoids and superoxide anion as mediators of pulmonary dysfunction and endothelial injury in sheep with intermittent complement activation.
Authors: S ZPerkowski, A MHavill, J TFlynn, M HGee
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

In 30 anesthetized sheep, we show that repeated bolus injections of autologous zymosan-activated plasma produce pulmonary hypertension, hypoxemia, intrapulmonary thromboxane release, pulmonary leukostasis, and sustained increases in lung lymph flow and protein clearance. Studies with platelet-rich plasma demonstrated that addition of zymosan-activated plasma does not induce platelet aggregation or thromboxane release. We studied the role of cyclooxygenase products as mediators of these pathophysiological responses by pretreating sheep with either meclofenamate (4 mg/kg) or ibuprofen (12.5 mg/kg). Both drugs inhibited thromboxane release and hypoxemia. Ibuprofen, but not meclofenamate, reproducibly attenuated the hypertensive responses and the increases in lymph flow and protein clearance. Neither drug prevented pulmonary leukostasis. These results demonstrate that cyclooxygenase products mediate the development of complement-induced hypoxemia but are not sole mediators of pulmonary hypertension or increas...
Acetazolamide and Invasive Mechanical Ventilation for Patients With COPD
Authors: Shakti Mishra, Afzal Azim, Arvind Baronia
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopic Dilation of Benign Post-Esophagectomy Anastomotic Strictures: Long Term Outcomes and Risk of Recurrence
Authors: M Badir, E Hag, Y Abu Asbeh, I Khamaysi
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Esophageal anastomotic strictures often require repeat dilation to relieve dysphagia. Little is known about factors that affect their remediation. The purpose of this article is to retrospectively evaluate the long-term clinical results of endoscopic dilation in the treatment of benign anastomotic strictures after esophagectomy and to identify factors associated with stricture recurrence.
Ten-year follow-up of survival and myocardial infarction in the randomized Coronary Artery Surgery Study.
Authors: E LAlderman, M GBourassa, L SCohen, K BDavis, G GKaiser, TKillip, M BMock, MPettinger, T LRobertson
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) randomized 780 patients to an initial strategy of coronary surgery or medical therapy. Of medically randomized patients, 6% had surgery within 6 months and a total of 40% had surgery by 10 years. At 10 years, there was no difference in cumulative survival (medical, 79% vs. surgical, 82%; NS) and no difference in percentage free of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (medical, 69% vs. surgical, 66%; NS). Patients with an ejection fraction of less than 0.50 exhibited a better survival with initial surgery treatment (medical, 61% vs. surgical, 79%; p = 0.01). Conversely, patients with an ejection fraction greater than or equal to 0.50 exhibited a higher proportion free of death and myocardial infarction with initial medical therapy (medical, 75% vs. surgical, 68%; p = 0.04) although long-term survival remained unaffected (medical, 84% vs. surgical, 83%; p = 0.75). There were no significant differences either in survival and freedom from nonfatal myocardial infarc...
Differential effects of central angiotensin II and substance P on sympathetic nerve activity in conscious rats. Implications for cardiovascular adaptation to behavioral responses.
Authors: TUnger, HBecker, MPetty, GDemmert, BSchneider, DGanten, R ELang
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The centrally induced effects of angiotensin II and substance P on the cardiovascular system and on neuronal efferent activity of the splanchnic, renal, and adrenal nerves were investigated in chronically instrumented conscious rats. The pressor responses to substance P injected into the lateral brain ventricle were accompanied by marked and short latency increases in heart rate, cardiac output, splanchnic, renal, and adrenal nerve activity, and a rise in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline. Behaviorally, an arousal-type reaction was observed. In contrast, the pressor responses to intracerebroventricular angiotensin II were associated with initial decreases in heart rate, cardiac output, splanchnic, renal, and adrenal nerve activity, and a fall in plasma noradrenaline at the time of the maximal blood pressure increase. In some but not all animals, a second blood pressure peak associated with increases in heart rate and splanchnic nerve activity was observed after several minutes. Incomplete chronic sinoao...
Cloacogenic polyp: a rare type of polyp
Authors: Thomas Lambin, Pierre-Marie Lavrut, Pierre Lafeuille, Jérôme Rivory, Florian Rostain, Paul Bonniaud, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A cloacogenic polyp is a rare type of benign lesion that is part of mucosal prolapse syndrome [1]. Mucosal prolapse syndrome encompasses entities such as solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, gastric antral vascular ectasia, inflammatory cap polyp, prolapsing mucosal polyp, and the cloacogenic polyp [2], whose common etiology has been proposed to be mucosal prolapse [3]. Cloacogenic polyps are between 1 and 5 cm, and are usually sessile but can be pedunculated [3]. Usually located at the anorectal junction, they can be found in the colon. A cloacogenic polyp can be asymptomatic or responsible for hematochezia [4]. It is a benign lesion, but some cases of adenocarcinoma arising from cloacogenic polyps have been described [5].
Effects of an inotropic agent, RO 2-2985 (X-537A), on regional blood flow and myocardial function in chronically instrumented conscious dogs and anesthetized dogs.
Authors: H GHanley, R MLewis, C JHartley, DFranklin, ASchwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

RO 2-2985 produced a marked positive inotropic effect in unanesthetized, chronically instrumented dogs, measured as an increase in left ventricular dP/ dt and an increase in maximum velocity of myocardial fiber shortening. Similar changes produced in dogs in hemorrhagic shock lasted for 2-3 hours. RO 2-2985 increased peripheral blood flow and caused marked increases in both coronary and renal blood flows. The drug altered the response of the renal vascular bed to subsequent norepinephrine administration. After administration of a single dose of RO 2-2985, norepinephrine produced sustained increases in renal blood flow, and this altered responsiveness to norepinephrine persisted for periods ranging from 1 to 3 weeks.
Evaluation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of patients with heart failure with gated phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance.
Authors: J RWilson, LFink, JMaris, NFerraro, JPower-Vanwart, SEleff, BChance
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Exertional fatigue is a major limiting symptom in patients with heart failure. To investigate the metabolic basis of this fatigue, we used gated nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to compare inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphocreatine (PCr) and pH levels, and fatigue (1 to 4+) during mild forearm exercise in eight normal men and nine men with heart failure. Wrist flexion every 5 sec for 7 min was performed at 1, 2, and 3 J (average power output = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 W). In both groups linear relationships were noted between power output and Pi/PCr; the slope of this relationship was used to compare PCr depletion patterns. At rest both groups had similar Pi/PCr ratios (normal subjects 0.12 +/- 0.06, those with heart failure 0.15 +/- 0.03) and pH (normal subjects 7.04 +/- 0.13, those with heart failure 7.10 +/- 0.11). In normal subjects exercise resulted in a progressive increase in Pi/PCr (slope = 1.17 +/- 0.20 Pi/PCr units/W), a reduction in pH only at 0.6 W (0.2 W: 7.03 +/- 0.10, 0.4 W: 7.01 +/- 0.10, 0...
Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy in BIPOC Communities — Toward Trustworthiness, Partnership, and Reciprocity
Authors: Sandra C. Quinn, Michele P. Andrasik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy in BIPOC Communities As Covid vaccines are rolled out, it’s time to shift the focus from a sole emphasis on changing hearts and minds among members of BIPOC communities...
Arterial-venous relationships in the human left ventricular myocardium: anatomic basis for countercurrent regulation of blood flow.
Authors: G MHutchins, G WMoore, E VHatton
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The mechanism by which myocardial blood flow varies in response to metabolic demand is obscure. One hypothesis is a countercurrent regulation of arterial caliber by diffusible substances carried in venous blood. To study the anatomic basis for blood flow regulation, we performed combined arterial and venous injections in 20 human hearts and studied left ventricular intramyocardial vessels with radiography, 100 micron thick sections, and reconstructions of serial histologic sections. Penetrating arteries lie in interstitial spaces and are closely related to accompanying veins. These interstitial veins partially surround and are indented by branch arteries. A second system of veins lies within muscle fascicles between interstitial spaces and is not related to arteries. The isolated veins have collateral connections with interstitial veins and join them in the subepicardium. This vascular anatomy could allow arterial caliber to be regulated by diffusible substances carried in the interstitial veins. Arterial...
A prospective study of the health effects of alcohol consumption in middle-aged and elderly men. The Honolulu Heart Program.
Authors: R JGoldberg, C MBurchfiel, D MReed, GWergowske, DChiu
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDThe study objective was to determine the association between reported alcohol consumption and total mortality, mortality from selected causes, and incident nonfatal chronic disease events in middle-aged (51 to 64 years old) and elderly (65 to 75 years old) men during an approximate 15-year follow-up period.METHODS AND RESULTSWe conducted a prospective epidemiological study of Japanese-American men who were participating in the Honolulu Heart Program and were free from coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer at baseline examination and at subsequent reexamination 6 years later. Self-reported alcohol consumption was determined twice: at the baseline examination in 1965 through 1968 and at reexamination approximately 6 years later (1971 through 1974). Four primary alcohol consumption groups who reported similar alcohol intake at the time of these two clinical examinations were considered: abstainers and light (1 to 14 mL of alcohol per day), moderate (15 to 39 mL of alcohol per ...
Integrating Systems and Synthetic Biology to Understand and Engineer Microbiomes
Authors: Patrick A. Leggieri, Yiyi Liu, Madeline Hayes, Bryce Connors, Susanna Seppälä, Michelle A. O'Malley, Ophelia S. Venturelli
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2021)

Microbiomes are complex and ubiquitous networks of microorganisms whose seemingly limitless chemical transformations could be harnessed to benefit agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology. The spatial and temporal changes in microbiome composition and function are influenced by a multitude of molecular and ecological factors. This complexity yields both versatility and challenges in designing synthetic microbiomes and perturbing natural microbiomes in controlled, predictable ways. In this review, we describe factors that give rise to emergent spatial and temporal microbiome properties and the meta-omics and computational modeling tools that can be used to understand microbiomes at the cellular and system levels. We also describe strategies for designing and engineering microbiomes to enhance or build novel functions. Throughout the review, we discuss key knowledge and technology gaps for elucidating the networks and deciphering key control points for microbiome engineering, and highlight examples where multiple omics and modeling approaches can be integrated to address these gaps.
Myocardial morphometric characteristics in swine.
Authors: SSingh, F CWhite, C MBloor
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We have quantified the ultrastructure of myocardial cells in tissue samples obtained from six adult normal Yucatan swine. Tissue samples were obtained from 20 different sites in the left ventricle, right ventricle, and interventricular septum. The samples were processed for electron microscopy and quantitative morphometric analysis. The percent relative volumes of myofibrils, mitochondria, transverse tubular system, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and clear intracellular space were determined using stereological morphometric methods. Overall, the data were distributed homogeneously among the 20 individual sites. However, when certain subcellular components were examined regionally, some differences appeared. The mitochondrial:myofibril volume ratios were significantly increased in the left ventricle and interventricular septum compared to the right ventricle. They also were greater in the endocardial region compared to the epicardium, which is consistent with higher metabolic activity of these zones. Similarly, t...
Cardiac imaging using a phased array ultrasound system. I. System design.
Authors: O TvonRamm, F LThurstone
Journal: Circulation (1976)

A new two-dimensional, real-time, high resolution ultrasound imaging system is described. This system uses a linear array of ultrasound transducers to generate tomographic images of the heart in a circular sector format. Phased array techniques allow rapid steering of the ultrasound beam so that images are produced at the rate of 20 per second, or more, while maintaining a resolution of 2-4 mm throughout the field of view.