tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Diagnostics of the Kidney Carbuncle (Brief Literature Review and Case Report of the Girl 5 Years Old)
Authors: E. V. Dmitriyeva, M. N. Bulanov, V. E. Lykov, T. V. Barhatova
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2021)

The article presents a case of preoperative diagnostics of a rare variant purulent-inflammatory kidney disease in children – the kidney carbuncle. The rarity of the pathology and the early child’s age (5 years old) determined complexity of clinical diagnostics and the importance of radiation research methods. The diagnosis was suspected by ultrasound diagnostics and confirmed by CT. The child was operated on (resection of the upper pole of the kidney), and clinical recovery was achieved. The article includes illustrative material and a brief review of the literature on this problem.
Association of Comorbid Behavioral and Medical Conditions With Cannabis Use Disorder in Pregnancy
Authors: Angélica Meinhofer, Jesse M. Hinde, Katherine M. Keyes, Claudia Lugo-Candelas
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2021)

Prenatal cannabis use continues to increase, yet studies of the demographic, psychiatric, and medical characteristics associated with cannabis use in pregnancy are limited by size and use of self-report, and often do not consider cannabis use disorder (CUD) or concomitant substance use disorders (SUDs). Understanding the factors associated with CUD in pregnancy is paramount for designing targeted interventions.To examine the prevalence of co-occurring psychiatric and medical conditions of US pregnant individuals hospitalized with and without CUD by concomitant SUDs.The study analyzed restricted hospital discharge data from the 2010 to 2018 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases in 35 states. Data were analyzed from January to August 2021. Weighted linear regressions tested whether the prevalence of psychiatric and medical conditions differed between individuals with and without a CUD diagnosis at hospitalization. Inpatient hospitalizations of pregnant patients aged 15 to 44 years with a CUD diagnosis were identified. Pregnant patients aged 15 to 44 years without a CUD diagnosis were identified for comparison. Patients were further stratified based on concomitant SUD patterns: (1) other SUDs, including at least 1 controlled substance; (2) other SUDs, excluding controlled substances; and (3) no other SUDs.CUD in pregnancy.Prevalence of demographic characteristics, psychiatric disorders (eg, depression and anxiety), and medical conditions (eg, epilepsy and vomiting).The sample included 20 914 591 hospitalizations of individuals who were pregnant. The mean (SD) age was 28.24 (5.85) years. Of the total number of hospitalizations, 249 084 (1.19%) involved CUD and 20 665 507 (98.81%) did not. The proportion of prenatal hospitalizations involving CUD increased from 0.008 in 2010 to 0.02 in 2018. Analyses showed significant differences in the prevalence of almost every medical and psychiatric outcome examined between hospitalizations with and without CUD diagnoses, regardless of concomitant SUDs. Elevations were seen in depression (0.089; 95% CI, 0.083-0.095), anxiety (0.072; 95% CI, 0.066-0.076), and nausea (0.036; 95% CI, 0.033-0.040]) among individuals with CUD only at hospitalization compared with individuals with no SUDs at hospitalization.Considerable growth was observed in the prevalence of CUD diagnoses among individuals hospitalized prenatally and in the prevalence of depression, anxiety, nausea, and other conditions in individuals with CUD at hospitalization. This study highlights the need for more screening, prevention, and treatment, particularly in populations with co-occurring CUD and psychiatric disorders. Research on the determinants and outcomes associated with CUD during pregnancy is needed to guide clinicians, policy makers, and patients in making informed decisions.
Posttranscriptional regulation of ILC2 homeostatic function via tristetraprolin
Authors: Yuki Hikichi, Yasutaka Motomura, Osamu Takeuchi, Kazuyo Moro
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are unique in their ability to produce low levels of type 2 cytokines at steady state, and their production capacity is dramatically increased upon stimulation with IL-33. However, it is unknown how constitutive cytokine production is regulated in the steady state. Here, we found that tristetraprolin (TTP/Zfp36), an RNA-binding protein that induces mRNA degradation, was highly expressed in naive ILC2s and was downregulated following IL-33 stimulation. In ILC2s from Zfp36−/− mice, constitutive IL-5 production was elevated owing to the stabilization of its mRNA and resulted in an increased number of eosinophils in the intestine. Luciferase assay demonstrated that TTP directly regulates Il5 mRNA stability, and overexpression of TTP markedly suppressed IL-5 production by ILC2s, even under IL-33 stimulation. Collectively, TTP-mediated posttranscriptional regulation acts as a deterrent of excessive cytokine production in steady-state ILC2s to maintain body homeostasis, and downregulation of TTP may contribute to massive cytokine production under IL-33 stimulation.
SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination from hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving aerosol-generating procedures
Authors: Rebecca L Winslow, Jie Zhou, Ella F Windle, Intesar Nur, Ranjit Lall, Chen Ji, Jonathan Edward Millar, Paul M Dark, Jay Naisbitt, Anita Simonds, Jake Dunning, Wendy Barclay, John Kenneth Baillie, Gavin D Perkins, Malcolm Gracie Semple, Daniel Francis McAuley, Christopher A Green
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Background Continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) and high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) are considered ‘aerosol-generating procedures’ in the treatment of COVID-19. Objective To measure air and surface environmental contamination with SARS-CoV-2 virus when CPAP and HFNO are used, compared with supplemental oxygen, to investigate the potential risks of viral transmission to healthcare workers and patients. Methods 30 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen, with a fraction of inspired oxygen ≥0.4 to maintain oxygen saturation ≥94%, were prospectively enrolled into an observational environmental sampling study. Participants received either supplemental oxygen, CPAP or HFNO (n=10 in each group). A nasopharyngeal swab, three air and three surface samples were collected from each participant and the clinical environment. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed for viral and human RNA, and positive/suspected-positive samples were cultured for the presence of biologically viable virus. Results Overall 21/30 (70%) participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharynx. In contrast, only 4/90 (4%) and 6/90 (7%) of all air and surface samples tested positive (positive for E and ORF1a) for viral RNA respectively, although there were an additional 10 suspected-positive samples in both air and surfaces samples (positive for E or ORF1a). CPAP/HFNO use or coughing was not associated with significantly more environmental contamination than supplemental oxygen use. Only one nasopharyngeal sample was culture positive. Conclusions The use of CPAP and HFNO to treat moderate/severe COVID-19 did not appear to be associated with substantially higher levels of air or surface viral contamination in the immediate care environment, compared with the use of supplemental oxygen.
Abstract 15810: Caveolin-3 Remodeling in Heart Failure and Implications for β2-adrenergic Regulation of IK1
Authors: Louise Reilly, Kunal Sondhi, Hannah C Waldman, Sara Abozeid, Lee L Eckhardt
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Caveolae and caveolin-3 are down regulated in heart failure with down-stream effects on caveolar micro-domains. IK1, comprised dominantly of Kir2.1, is down-regulated in heart failure...
Hierarchical graph representations in digital pathology
Authors: Pushpak Pati, Guillaume Jaume, Antonio Foncubierta-Rodríguez, Florinda Feroce, Anna Maria Anniciello, Giosue Scognamiglio, Nadia Brancati, Maryse Fiche, Estelle Dubruc, Daniel Riccio, Maurizio Di Bonito, Giuseppe De Pietro, Gerardo Botti, Jean-Philippe Thiran, Maria Frucci, Orcun Goksel, Maria Gabrani
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2021)

Cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response predictions from tissue specimens highly depend on the phenotype and topological distribution of constituting histological entities. Thus, adequate tissue representations for encoding histological entities is imperative for computer aided cancer patient care. To this end, several approaches have leveraged cell-graphs, capturing the cell-microenvironment, to depict the tissue. These allow for utilizing graph theory and machine learning to map the tissue representation to tissue functionality, and quantify their relationship. Though cellular information is crucial, it is incomplete alone to comprehensively characterize complex tissue structure. We herein treat the tissue as a hierarchical composition of multiple types of histological entities from fine to coarse level, capturing multivariate tissue information at multiple levels. We propose a novel multi-level hierarchical entity-graph representation of tissue specimens to model the hierarchical compositions that encode histological entities as well as their intra- and inter-entity level interactions. Subsequently, a hierarchical graph neural network is proposed to operate on the hierarchical entity-graph and map the tissue structure to tissue functionality. Specifically, for input histology images, we utilize well-defined cells and tissue regions to build HierArchical Cell-to-Tissue (HACT) graph representations, and devise HACT-Net, a message passing graph neural network, to classify the HACT representations. As part of this work, we introduce the BReAst Carcinoma Subtyping (BRACS) dataset, a large cohort of Haematoxylin & Eosin stained breast tumor regions-of-interest, to evaluate and benchmark our proposed methodology against pathologists and state-of-the-art computer-aided diagnostic approaches. Through comparative assessment and ablation studies, our proposed method is demonstrated to yield superior classification results compared to alternative methods as well as individual pathologists. The code, data, and models can be accessed at https://github.com/histocartography/hact-net.
A Review of Transcatheter Treatment of Valvular Heart Disease—Reply
Authors: Charles J. Davidson, Laura Davidson
Journal: JAMA (2021)

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2009 Focused Updates: ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Updating the 2004 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI Guidelines on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (Updating the 2005 Guideline and 2007 Focused Update)
Authors: Frederick G. Kushner, Mary Hand, Sidney C. Smith, Spencer B. King, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Elliott M. Antman, Steven R. Bailey, Eric R. Bates, James C. Blankenship, Donald E. Casey, Lee A. Green, Judith S. Hochman, Alice K. Jacobs, Harlan M. Krumholz, Douglass A. Morrison, Joseph P. Ornato, David L. Pearle, Eric D. Peterson, Michael A. Sloan, Patrick L. Whitlow, David O. Williams
Journal: Circulation (2009)
PHF6 functions as a tumor suppressor by recruiting methyltransferase SUV39H1 to nucleolar region and offers a novel therapeutic target for PHF6-muntant leukemia
Authors: Hsiang-i Tsai, Yanping Wu, Rui Huang, Dandan Su, Yingyi Wu, Xiaoyan Liu, Linglu Wang, Zhanxue Xu, Yuxin Pang, Chong Sun, Chao He, Fan Shu, Haitao Zhu, Dongqing Wang, Fang Cheng, Laiqiang Huang, Hongbo Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Mutations in the plant homeodomain-like finger protein 6 (PHF6) gene are strongly associated with acute myeloid (AML) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In this study, we demonstrated that PHF6 can bind to H3K9me3 and H3K27me1 on the nucleolar chromatin and recruit histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 to the rDNA locus. The deletion of PHF6 caused a decrease in the recruitment of SUV39H1 to rDNA gene loci, resulting in a reduction in the level of H3K9me3 and the promotion of rDNA transcription. The knockdown of either SUV39H1 or PHF6 significantly attenuated the effects of increase in H3K9me3 and suppressed the transcription of rDNA induced by the overexpression of the other interacting partner, thereby establishing an interdependent relationship between PHF6 and SUV39H1 in their control of rRNA transcription. The PHF6 clinical mutants significantly impaired the ability to bind and recruit SUV39H1 to the rDNA loci, resulting in an increase in rDNA transcription activity, the proliferation of in vitro leukemia cells, and the growth of in vivo mouse xenografts. Importantly, significantly elevated levels of pre-rRNA were observed in clinical AML patients who possessed a mutated version of PHF6. The specific rDNA transcription inhibitor CX5461 significantly reduced the resistance of U937 AML cells deficient in PHF6 to cytarabine, the drug that is most commonly used to treat AML. Collectively, we revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which PHF6 recruits methyltransferase SUV39H1 to the nucleolar region in leukemia and provided a potential therapeutic target for PHF6-mutant leukemia.
Government is not on track to increase GP numbers, says Nuffield Trust
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The government won’t be able to fulfil its commitment to increase the number of GPs by 6000 by 2025, a data analysis by the healthcare think tank the Nuffield Trust indicates.

Ahead of the 2019 general election the Conservatives promised to deliver 6000 more GPs by 2024-25, as part of a pledge to provide 50 million more appointments in general practices every year.1 However, the Nuffield Trust found …
TCT-365 Dynamic Coronary Roadmap for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Effectively Reduces Contrast Medium Exposure: Insights From an Open-Label, Randomized Trial
Authors: Kerstin Piayda, Raphael Phinicarides, Shazia Afzal, Verena Veulemans, Christian Jung, Katharina Hellhammer, Amin Polzin, Tobias Zeus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Evidence Mounts Refuting an Association Between Epidural Use and Neurodevelopmental Adverse Outcomes in Children
Authors: Alexander J. Butwick, Elizabeth Wall-Wieler
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Rachel J. Kearns, MD; Martin Shaw, PhD; Piotr S. Gromski, PhD; Stamatina Iliodromiti, PhD; Deborah A. Lawlor, PhD; Scott M. Nelson, PhD
SARS-CoV-2 can infect and propagate in human placenta explants
Authors: Amal Fahmi, Melanie Brügger, Thomas Démoulins, Beatrice Zumkehr, Blandina I. Oliveira Esteves, Lisamaria Bracher, Carlos Wotzkow, Fabian Blank, Volker Thiel, David Baud, Marco P. Alves
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to lead to high morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy, severe maternal and neonatal outcomes and placental pathological changes have been described. We evaluate SARS-CoV-2 infection at the maternal-fetal interface using precision-cut slices (PCSs) of human placenta. Remarkably, exposure of placenta PCSs to SARS-CoV-2 leads to a full replication cycle with infectious virus release. Moreover, the susceptibility of placental tissue to SARS-CoV-2 replication relates to the expression levels of ACE2. Viral proteins and/or viral RNA are detected in syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, villous stroma, and possibly Hofbauer cells. While SARS-CoV-2 infection of placenta PCSs does not cause a detectable cytotoxicity or a pro-inflammatory cytokine response, an upregulation of one order of magnitude of interferon type III transcripts is measured. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect and propagate in human placenta and constitute a basis for further investigation of SARS-CoV-2 biology at the maternal-fetal interface.
ciRS-7 is a prognostic biomarker and potential gene therapy target for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Weipu Mao, Keyi Wang, Bin Xu, Hui Zhang, Si Sun, Qiang Hu, Lei Zhang, Chunhui Liu, Shuqiu Chen, Jianping Wu, Ming Chen, Wei Li, Bo Peng
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2021)

Abstract Circular RNAs are a new class of non-coding RNAs that have been shown to play critical roles in the development and progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, little is known about the functional mechanisms and therapeutic role of ciRS-7 in RCC. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the functional mechanism and therapeutic role of ciRS-7, such as real-time quantitative PCR, CCK-8, wound healing, transwell, colony formation, Edu, tumor xenograft and lung metastasis in NSG mice. RNA pull-down, dual luciferase reporter, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and rescue assays were used to determine the relationship between ciRS-7, miR-139-3p and TAGLN. In addition, we constructed PBAE/si-ciRS-7 nanocomplexes with PBAE material to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the nanocomplexes on tumor in vivo. ciRS-7 was highly expressed in RCC tumor tissues and cell lines, and high ciRS-7 expression correlated with tumor size, high Fuhrman grade and poor survival. Depletion of ciRS-7 significantly inhibited RCC cell proliferation, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, while overexpression of ciRS-7 had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, ciRS-7 acts as a "ceRNA" for miR-139-3p to prevent TAGLN degradation and promoting RCC progression and metastasis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, miR-139-3p mimics or inhibitor could reverse the altered malignant tumor behavior caused by ciRS-7 overexpression or silencing. Furthermore, the PBAE/siciRS-7 nanocomplexes could significantly inhibit RCC tumor progression and metastasis in vivo. ciRS-7 acts as a tumor promoter by regulating the miR-139-3p/TAGLN axis and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote RCC progression and metastasis. Drug development of PBAE/si-ciRS-7 nanocomplexes targeting ciRS-7 may represent a promising gene therapeutic strategy for RCC.
Covid-19 and ethnicity: we must seek to understand the drivers of higher transmission
Authors: Daniel Pan, Shirley Sze, Christopher A Martin, Joshua Nazareth, Katherine Woolf, Rebecca F Baggaley, T. Déirdre Hollingsworth, Kamlesh Khunti, Laura B Nellums, Manish Pareek
Journal: BMJ (2021)

In early April 2020, as the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic hit the United Kingdom, concerns were raised regarding the disproportionately high numbers of people from ethnic minority groups being hospitalised and dying from covid-19.1 It was uncertain whether this was mainly due to a greater risk of acquiring the infection, greater risk of severe illness and death following infection—or both. By November 2020, a meta-analysis of over 18 million patients found a higher likelihood of infection in ethnic minority groups compared to White groups.2 This was confirmed by analysis of UK primary care data on the OpenSAFELY platform, which also found that the risk of testing positive between ethnic groups during the first wave was similar to the risk of covid-19 related death.3 Similarly, the REACT-2 study found that no differences existed in the infection-to-mortality ratio in ethnic minority groups compared to White groups despite high levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the ethnic minority population.4

It is increasingly recognised that the majority of disproportionate clinical outcomes from covid-19 is driven …
The 2021 Updated European Association of Urology Guidelines on Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Richard Cathomas, Anja Lorch, Harman M. Bruins, Eva M. Compérat, Nigel C. Cowan, Jason A. Efstathiou, Rainer Fietkau, Georgios Gakis, Virginia Hernández, Estefania Linares Espinós, Yann Neuzillet, Maria J. Ribal, Matthieu Rouanne, George N. Thalmann, Antoine G. van der Heijden, Erik Veskimäe, J. Alfred Witjes, Matthew I. Milowsky
Journal: European Urology (2021)
潰瘍性大腸炎患者の第3相無作為化試験におけるウステキヌマブ薬物動態と曝露反応【JST・京大機械翻訳】
Authors: J Adedokun Omoniyi, Xu Zhenhua, Marano Colleen, O’Brien Chris, Szapary Philippe, Zhang Hongyan, Johanns Jewel, W Leong Rupert, Hisamatsu Tadakazu, Van Assche Gert, Danese Silvio, T Abreu Maria, E Sands Bruce, J Sandborn William
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
TCT-240 Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Assessed by Angiography-Derived Index of Microcirculatory Resistance, a Pressure Wire–Free Tool
Authors: Estefanía Fernández Peregrina, Jordi Sans-Rosello, Albert Duran-Cambra, Jose Carreras-Mora, Jesús Álvarez-García, Alessandro Sionis, Hector Garcia-Garcia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Efficacy and Safety of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel (Cilta-cel), a B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA)-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy, in Lenalidomide-Refractory Patients with Progressive Multiple Myeloma after 1-3 Prior Lines of Therapy: Updated Results from CARTITUDE-2
Authors: Yael C. Cohen, Adam D Cohen, Michel Delforge, Jens Hillengass, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Katja Weisel, Marc-Steffen Raab, Christof Scheid, Jordan M. Schecter, Kevin C. De Braganca, Helen Varsos, Tzu-min Yeh, Liwei Wang, Martin Vogel, Christina Corsale, Muhammad Akram, Lida Pacaud, Tonia Nesheiwat, Mounzer Agha, Hermann Einsele
Journal: Blood (2021)
Ocular Findings in the Sturge–Weber Syndrome
Authors: Eduardo Roditi, Elishai Assayag
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

A 62-year-old man with the Sturge–Weber syndrome was referred to the glaucoma clinic for evaluation of high intraocular pressure in his right eye. Focal dilatation and tortuosity of the conjunctival and episcleral vasculature were observed on physical examination.
TCT-85 Mechanisms of In-Stent Restenosis in the Ostial Right Coronary Artery
Authors: Kei Yamamoto, Takao Sato, Mitsuaki Matsumura, Khady Fall, Ajay Kirtane, Tamim Nazif, Sanjum Sethi, Sahil Parikh, Torsten Vahl, Ziad Ali, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, Leroy Rabbani, Martin Leon, Jeffrey Moses, Gary Mintz, Akiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)