tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Exchange
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Induction FOLFOX prior to CROSS chemoradiotherapy and surgery in patients with locally-advanced esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer: A phase II study.
Authors: Richard Francis Dunne, Nabeel Badri, Maria Nicolais, Marcus Smith Noel, Andrea M. Baran, Wenjia Wang, Erika E. Ramsdale, Jason Zittel, Haoming Qiu, Alan W. Katz, Carolyn E. Jones, Christian G. Peyre, Michal J. Lada, Aram F Hezel, Mohamedtaki Abdulaziz Tejani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

327 Background: In the CROSS trial, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) prior to surgery for esophageal (E) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers was found to improve survival. However, 10-year data did not show benefit in reducing isolated distant metastases. Addition of full-dose induction chemotherapy (CT) prior to CRT could provide early systemic disease control in addition to enhanced local control. We evaluated induction CT with FOLFOX followed by CRT and surgery in patients with E/GEJ cancers. Methods: This single-arm, phase II clinical trial investigated trimodality therapy in clinically staged II/III resectable cancers of the E/GEJ (NCT03110926). Treatment schedule was: 6 weeks of mFOLFOX-6 (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) followed by 5.5 weeks of CRT with weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin and 41.4-45 Gy of radiation (RT) and surgery. Primary endpoint was 2-year relapse-free survival (RFS) measured from time of surgery to date of first recurrence or death and was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Overall survival (OS) and key pathologic findings were secondary outcomes. Results: In total, 41 patients enrolled with mean age of 63.1 years; 78% were male. Almost all (95%) were adenocarcinoma. Median duration of follow-up was 2.08 years. Most primary tumors were located in the GE junction (68.3%). Treatment was well tolerated: 95% patients completed all FOLFOX cycles, 98% received the pre-specified RT dose, and 36 of 41 (87.7%) went on to have surgery (1 elected observation after complete clinical response). R0 resection occurred in 97% of those that went on to have surgery. At least partial pathologic response was found in 30 of 36 (83.3%); 8 of 36 (22%, CI 10.1-39.2%) had a pathologic complete response (pCR) and 20 of 36 (55%) had pCR or near-complete response (NCR). At the time of analysis, 2-year RFS was 71.5% (CI 52.1-84.2) and the median RFS was 3.1 years; median OS was not reached. At time of follow-up, 85% (17 of 20) of those with NCR and PCR were relapse-free. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a high treatment completion rate when FOLFOX was administered prior to CRT and surgery for E/GEJ cancers. Almost all patients had R0 resection and over half had NCR or pCR response. Short-term follow-up RFS and OS demonstrate promising efficacy for this approach in a sample almost exclusively of adenocarcinoma tumors. Strategies to implement induction FOLFOX or FLOT either with or without CRT should continue to be explored in larger studies. Clinical trial information: NCT03110926.
Table of Contents
Authors: Zoltán Szilvássy, Max Wong, Bernard Portmann, Roy Sherwood, Onni Niemela, Heidi Koivisto, Seppo Parkkila, Keith Trick, Mary L'abbe, James Wilson, Philip Dash, Raj Srirajaskanthan, Victor Preedy, Helen Wiseman, Tuomo Nieminen, Jussi Matinheikki, Arja Nenonen, Katriina Kukkonen-Harjula, Virpi Lindi, Päivi Hämelahti, Reijo Laaksonen, Yue-Mei Fan, Mika Kähönen, Mikael Fogelholm, Terho Lehtimäki, Riikka Lautamäki, Tapani Rönnemaa, Risto Huupponen, Patricia Iozzo, K Airaksinen, Juhani Knuuti, Pirjo Nuutila, Yan Zhang, Nilesh Gaikwad, Kevin Olson, Muhammad Zahid, Ercole Cavalieri, Eleanor Rogan, C Eriksson, P Saarenmaa, Igor Bykov, Pekka Heino
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Practical Observations on 'Supporting the Perinaeum.'
Authors: G. Hewitt
Journal: BMJ (1861)

does occur, however, in cases where the delivery IALCctitaS Ebs baonsoccurs unassisted is now well known.The explana- tion I have already given of this occurrence-that ON the laceration is due in these cases, not to the ab-"SUPPORTING THE PERINA.EUM.|sence of assistance, but to the rapidity of the labour -I would now repeat.B3Y
URIC ACID AS A BUSINESS PROPOSITION.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Department of Error
Authors: Richard Price, Walter Taylor, Kamala Thriemer, Nicholas White, Nicholas Day, Harin Karunajeewa, Robert James
Journal: The Lancet (2020)

can stop taking primaquine at the first signs of clinically significant haemolysis.However, even with these interventions, adverse events will inevitably occur and this risk will vary considerably with the local context.The increased uptake of safe and effective radical cure, either with primaquine or tafenoquine, will require an integrated package of interventions, patient education, and community engagement.Ultimately, the public health benefit of the 7 day regimen will rest on minimising the risk of serious adverse events and weighing this risk against the considerable (and usually underestimated) benefits in preventing recurrent P vivax infection and its associated morbidity and mortality.We declare no competing interests.
Detecting population-level protective benefits of potassium replacement in diuretic users Peter R. Kowey, Quanwu Zhang, Susan Garavaglia, William Hauer, Christopher Dilascia, Charles Alcorn, Raeburn Evans. Lankenau Hospital, Wynnewood, PA, ITG, Schering-Plough Corporation, Kenilworth, NJ
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Sleep apnoea and heart failure
Authors: Patrick Lévy, Matthew T. Naughton, Renaud Tamisier, Martin R. Cowie, T. Douglas Bradley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Heart failure and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) are two common conditions that frequently overlap and have been studied extensively in the past three decades. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may result in myocardial damage due to intermittent hypoxia that leads to increased sympathetic activity and transmural pressures, low-grade vascular inflammation, and oxidative stress. On the other hand, central sleep apnoea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSA-CSR) occurs in heart failure, irrespective of ejection fraction, either reduced (HFrEF), preserved (HFpEF) or mildly reduced (HFmrEF). The pathophysiology of CSA-CSR relies on several mechanisms leading to hyperventilation, breathing cessation and periodic breathing. Pharyngeal collapse may result at least in part from fluid accumulation in the neck, owing to daytime fluid retention and overnight rostral fluid shift from the legs. Although both OSA and CSA-CSR occur in heart failure, the symptoms are less suggestive than in typical (non-heart failure-related) OSA. Overnight monitoring is mandatory for a proper diagnosis, with accurate measurement and scoring of central and obstructive events, since the management will be different depending on whether the sleep apnoea in heart failure is predominantly OSA or CSA-CSR. SDB in heart failure is associated with worse prognosis, including higher mortality, than in patients with heart failure but without SDB. However, there is currently no evidence that treating SDB improves clinically important outcomes in patients with heart failure, such as cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Risankizumab 与富马酸酯治疗银屑病的比较
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Abstract Linked Article: Thaçi et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:30–39. 外用治疗 (直接涂抹于皮肤) 或紫外线无法控制的中度至重度银屑病患者通常需要强度更高的治疗。其中一种治疗是口服药物富马酸酯 (FAE), 已至少使用 30 年, 尤其是在德国。最近以银屑病炎症涉及的特定分子为靶点, 开发了一系列可注射药物 (“生物制剂”) 。其中一种是以白介素 23 为靶点的 Risankizumab (Skyrizi®)。 在这项研究中, 来自德国若干个中心的作者进行了一项比较 FAE 与 Risankizumab 的对照研究。既往未接受过全身治疗的中度至重度银屑病成人患者被随机分配至各组 (每组各 60 例) 。持续 24 周监测患者对治疗的反应和副作用。 结果显示, Risankizumab 在各方面均优于 FAE。Risankizumab 更早在银屑病中产生更显著的改善, 并持续至观察期结束。此外, Risankizumab 产生的副作用少于 FAE。而且研究表明, 在改善指甲、头皮、手掌和足底银屑病, 以及通常对治疗反应较差的身体部位银屑病方面, Risankizumab 效果优于 FAE。 Linked Article: Thaçi et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:30–39.
Abstract 17297: Comparative Analysis Between Coronary Angiotomography and Sensitive Troponin in Chest Pain With Intermediate Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Conecttin Trial
Authors: Alexandre d Soeiro, Bruno Biselli, Tatiana C Leal, Aline S Bossa, Maria C César, Sérgio D Jallad, Carlos V Serrano, Cesar H Nomura, Débora Nakamura, Carlos E Rochitte, Múcio T Oliveira
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Various questions about methods of diagnosis still remain obscure and there is no effective comparison between them in patients with intermediate risk. Hypothesis: Coronary computed tomography angiopraphy (CCTA) is better than troponins in the detection of coronary artery disease in patients with chest pain and the intermediate probability of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods: Were included prospectively 100 patients with chest pain and TIMI risk score 3 or 4. All patients were submitted to troponin measurements and CCTA. If CCTA showed coronary stenosis ≥ 50%, patient was initiate the ACS treatment and was hospitalized to have coronary cineangiography. If CCTA shows lesions &lt; 50%, the patient was discharged and monitored for 30 days. A second sampling of the troponin was obtained (blinded) from all patients three hours after the first collection. Significant coronary lesion was considered when ≥ 70%. The kit of troponin ADVIA Centaur® TnI-Ultra (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY, USA) was used. The CCTA used was the 320-channel Toshiba Aquilium machine. The comparison between methods was performed through the Kappa agreement analysis. Were calculated sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values between the sensitivity troponin versus CCTA in the detection of an ACS. Complementary analysis was made by ROC curve calculating the area under the curve (AUC) and the cut-off score of troponin and coronary lesions on angiography/events. Combined events after 30 days were: hospitalization, death and myocardial infarction. Results: The Kappa agreement analysis between troponin and CCTA in the detection of coronary lesions showed low correlation (kappa = 0.022, p = 0.78). Thirty eight (38%) patients were subjected to angiography and significant coronary injury was confirmed at 81.6%. In 62 patients with CCTA lesions &lt; 50%, 2 (3.2%) events were observed in 30 days. Area under the troponin curve related to the presence of significant coronary lesions was 0.401 (IC 95%: 0.156 - 0.646), related to events was 0.808 (IC 95%: 0.695 - 0.922) and related to coronary lesions or events was 0.547 (IC 95%: 0.428 - 0.667). The best percentage variation cutting points of troponin were 20% (sensitivity = 32.3% and specificity = 71%) and 27.5% (sensitivity = 50% and specificity = 75%), respectively related to significant coronary lesions and events. Conclusion: The use of CCTA in patients with intermediate risk for ACS proved to be safe and superior to the sensitive troponin in the detection of coronary heart disease.
ZD4522 is superior to pravastatin and simvastatin in reducing low density lipoprotein cholesterol, enabling more hypercholesterolemic patients to achieve target low density lipoprotein cholesterol guidelines Rodolfo Paoletti, Maurice Fahmy, Gerhard Mahla, Jacques Mizan, Harry Southworth. University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Southlea Surgery, Aldershot, United Kingdom
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Recent Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research
Authors: Troy A. McEachron, Lee J. Helman
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Over the past few years, the field of pediatric cancer has experienced a shift in momentum, and this has led to new and exciting findings that have relevance beyond pediatric malignancies. Here we present the current status of key aspects of pediatric cancer research. We have focused on genetic and epigenetic drivers of disease, cellular origins of different pediatric cancers, disease models, the tumor microenvironment, and cellular immunotherapies.
No clear role for the -159T/C polymorphism of the CD14 monocyte receptor in progression of atherosclerosis Willem R. P. Agema, Johan W. Jukema, Moniek P. M. de Maat, Joram de Kraker, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, John J. P. Kastelein, Ton J. Rabelink. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, TNO-PG Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Survival Factors ID'd for Patients with Blood Cancer + COVID-19
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2020)

Abstract Researchers launched the American Society of Hematology Research Collaborative COVID-19 Registry for Hematology in April to gather real-time data on patients with hematologic malignancies who develop COVID-19. Now, an analysis of the data reveals that 33% of patients with blood cancers who were hospitalized for COVID-19 died. Risk factors included older age, forgoing intensive treatment, and poor prognosis before infection.
Integrative analysis of <i>KRAS</i>-wildtype pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveals unique similarities to extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Authors: Erica S Tsang, James T. Topham, Joanna Karasinska, Steve Kalloger, Veronika Csizmok, Laura Williamson, Hui-Li Wong, Grainne M. O'Kane, Jonathan M. Loree, Faiyaz Notta, Oliver F. Bathe, Patricia A. Tang, Rachel Anne Goodwin, Jennifer J. Knox, Steven Gallinger, Janessa J. Laskin, Marco A. Marra, Steven J. M. Jones, David F. Schaeffer, Daniel John Renouf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

587 Background: Oncogenic driver mutations in KRAS represent a hallmark genomic event in approximately 90% of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). For the remaining 10% of patients with KRAS wildtype (wt) PDAC, distinct driver mutations have been described, but their transcriptional landscape has not been reported. Here, we leverage sequencing data from the PanGen trial to provide a comprehensive characterization of advanced KRASwt PDAC. Methods: 63 patients with advanced PDAC received whole genome and transcriptome sequencing prior to treatment for metastatic disease as part of the PanGen trial (NCT02869802). Clinical features, somatic mutation data and gene expression patterns were compared between KRASwt and mutant groups. PDAC samples were contrasted with 77 other metastatic carcinoma (colorectal and cholangiocarcinoma) samples from the Personalized OncoGenomics trial (NCT0215562). KRAS wt-associated genes were further investigated using 3 additional PDAC cohorts (COMPASS NCT02750657, TCGA, and ICGC). Results: 9 of 63 (14%) samples were KRASwt, with an earlier median age at diagnosis (51.4 vs. 60.9 years; p=0.03). Clinical features, including diabetes, family history of malignancy, and location of primary tumor, were comparable. CA 19-9 at baseline was lower in the KRASwt group, with median 58 vs. 4900 U/mL in the KRAS-mutant group ( p=0.03). Patients with KRASwt PDAC showed increased overall survival in univariable ( p=0.0024) and multivariable ( p=0.0089) analyses. 6 of 9 (67%) KRASwt tumors had fusions involving NRG1 (n = 3), FGFR2 (n = 1), BRAF (n = 1) or NTRK2 (n = 1), while known actionable fusions were not observed in KRAS mutant patients. KRASwt tumors showed increased expression of genes associated with cholangiocytes and grouped with cholangiocarcinoma samples in unsupervised clustering analysis. Validation using three independent PDAC cohorts revealed a core set of 70 KRAS wt-associated genes that converge on keratinization, ion transport, and hormone metabolism pathways. Conclusions: Patients with KRASwt PDAC show potentially targetable molecular traits with actionable fusions. We also highlight novel mutation and expression-based similarities between KRASwt PDAC and cholangiocarcinoma samples. Recurrent dysregulation of genes involved in cellular structure and metastasis provide impetus for further investigation into the developmental trajectory and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities of KRASwt PDAC.
Acting on misinformation to prevent patient harm
Authors: None The Lancet Oncology
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2020)

A group of government ministers are in discussions to call for an expansion of the remit of the UK's Cancer Act, according to a recent report. The aim is to broaden the scope of the Act to include the regulation of clinically unproven diagnostic procedures, to prohibit dangerous treatments, and to introduce stricter controls of social media posts about purported cancer cures. The talks between UK members of parliament from across the political spectrum are a remarkable show of solidarity. Following an unprecedented national lockdown introduced across the UK in March, 2020, as a result of the initial COVID-19 outbreak, cancer screening services were suspended, routine diagnostic work was postponed, and urgent referrals for suspected cancer declined dramatically.
Abstract P257: Prevalence Of Intracranial Artery Stenosis and the Association With Conventional Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in a General Population of Japanese: SESSA Study
Authors: Satoshi Shitara, Akira Fujiyoshi, Takashi Hisamatsu, Torii Torii, Sentarou Suzuki, Takahiro Ito, Hisatomi Arima, Akihiko Shiino, Kazuhiko Nozaki1, Katsuyuki Miura, Hirotsugu Ueshima
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Community-based studies that report prevalence of intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are scarce. Hypothesis: We aim to describe the prevalent ICAS using MRI in a general population of Japanese men, and tested the hypothesis that ICAS was associated with conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: The Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis (SESSA) randomly recruited and examined participants from Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan in 2006-2008. Among 853 male participants in the follow-up exam (2012-2015), we performed 1.5-tesla MRI. All images were evaluated by two board-certified neurosurgeons (by the Japan Neurosurgical Society) who were blinded to participant clinical background. Each artery was graded as no stenosis, &lt;50% stenosis, &lt;99% stenosis and complete occlusion. We defined any-ICAS as ICAS of any grade and heavy-ICAS as ≥50% stenosis. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess independent association between ICAS and risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, smoking, drinking, obesity (body mass index ≥30kg/m 2 ) and history of stroke. Results: We analyzed 740 men (47-85 years old, mean age 70.0 years) who completed MRI with no missing pertinent information. Thirty-one individuals (4.2%) had history of stroke. We observed at least one lesion of any-ICAS and heavy-ICAS in 30.5% and 6.5% of the participants, respectively. Any-ICAS was most commonly identified in internal carotid artery (21.6% of the entire participants) followed by middle cerebral artery (11.7%). Older age, hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia and prevalent stroke was associated with ICAS. Hypertension and DM were particularly strongly associated with heavy-ICAS (Table). Results were similar when excluding those with stroke history. Conclusions: This is the first study on prevalence of ICAS and its association with conventional cardiovascular risk factors in a general population of Japanese men. The prevalence of ICAS in Japanese men and the association with primary risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are revealed and they could be a target for prevention of stroke.
Monoclonal Gammopathies And The Kidney
Authors: R. Kyle
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1989)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Unexposed populations and potential COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in European countries as per data up to 21 November 2021
Authors: Lloyd A C Chapman, Rosanna C Barnard, Timothy W Russell, Sam Abbott, Kevin van Zandvoort, Nicholas G Davies, Adam J Kucharski
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

We estimate the potential remaining COVID-19 hospitalisation and death burdens in 19 European countries by estimating the proportion of each country’s population that has acquired immunity to severe disease through infection or vaccination. Our results suggest many European countries could still face high burdens of hospitalisations and deaths, particularly those with lower vaccination coverage, less historical transmission and/or older populations. Continued non-pharmaceutical interventions and efforts to achieve high vaccination coverage are required in these countries to limit severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Immune checkpoint-targeted antibodies: a room for dose and schedule optimization?
Authors: Christophe Maritaz, Sophie Broutin, Nathalie Chaput, Aurélien Marabelle, Angelo Paci
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors are therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that do not target cancer cells but are designed to reactivate or promote antitumor immunity. Dosing and scheduling of these biologics were established according to conventional drug development models, even though the determination of a maximum tolerated dose in the clinic could only be defined for anti-CTLA-4. Given the pharmacology of these monoclonal antibodies, their high interpatient pharmacokinetic variability, the actual clinical benefit as monotherapy that is observed only in a specific subset of patients, and the substantial cost of these treatments, a number of questions arise regarding the selected dose and the dosing interval. This review aims to outline the development of these immunotherapies and considers optimization options that could be used in clinical practice.