tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Episodic giddiness.
Journal: BMJ (1969)

PointersIndustrial Bronchitis: Cigarette smoking con- sidered to be a much more important aetiological factor than interplay of urban atmospheric pol- lution, occupation, and age (p.463).Cigarette smoking and atheroma (p.460).Pernicious Anaemia: Residual intrinsic factor may interfere with detection of intrinsic factor antibody in gastric secretions (p.468).Common Cold: First regular experimental infection of man with type 2 and 4 parainfluenza viruses (p.471).Anticoagulants and Platelets: Platelet aggrega- tion in patients on a coumarin drug showed reduction only when intrinsic coagulation system was depressed.When factor VII alone was reduced there was no change (p.474).Oral Calcium-loading: Description of test suit- able for infants.Test seems to be more sensitive than isolated measurements of serum calcium in some patients (p.477).Survival in Cold Water: Ability to swim was limited partly by respiratory reflexes in two thin men and hypothermia in two fat ones, and partly by high viscosity of cold water (p.480).Leader at p. 459.Turner's Syndrome: Three in a series of 10 infants had serous effusions in addition to the usual stigmata, and at necropsy of two of these no cause for effusion was found (p.483).Urography in Myelomatosis: Risk is small (p.486).Case Reports: Hazard of wig cleaning (p.487): Fatal hyperpyrexia during anaesthesia (p.488).Phobias and Anxiety: Clinical features (p.489).Today's Drugs: Vitamin C (p. 493).Psychiatric Emergencies: Analysis of emergency calls made in one year in an urban community shows more men affected than women, peak age was fourth decade, and majority of calls were from relapsed patients (p.498).
Is the epithelial barrier hypothesis the key to understanding the higher incidence and excess mortality during COVID‐19 pandemic? The case of Northern Italy
Authors: Silvana Fiorito, Marzia Soligo, Yadong Gao, Ismail Ogulur, Cezmi A. Akdis, Sergio Bonini
Journal: Allergy (2022)

The high incidence and increased mortality of COVID-19 make Italy among the most impacted countries by SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. In the beginning of the pandemic, Northern regions accounted for 40% of cases and 45% of deaths from COVID-19 in Italy. Several factors have been suggested to explain the higher incidence and excess mortality from COVID-19 in these regions. It is noticed that Northern Italian regions, and particularly the cities in Po Valley, are the areas with the highest air pollution due to commercial vehicle traffic, industry and a stagnant meteorological condition, with one of the highest levels in Italy and Europe of fine particulate matter 2.5 micron or smaller in size (PM2.5). PM2.5, the major environmental pollutant deriving mainly by factory and automobile exhaust emissions and coal combustion, increases the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the epithelial cell entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and thus increase the susceptibility to this virus. The epithelial barrier hypothesis proposes that many diverse diseases may rise from the disruption of epithelial barrier of skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal system, including allergic diseases, metabolic and autoimmune diseases, and chronic neuropsychiatric conditions. There is evidence of a close correlation between air pollution and airway epithelial barrier dysfunction. Air pollution, causing lung epithelial barrier dysfunction, may contribute to local chronic inflammation, microbiome dysbiosis and impaired antiviral immune response against SARS-CoV-2, all of which contribute to the high incidence and excess mortality from COVID-19. In addition, air pollution and epithelial barrier dysfunction contribute also to the higher prevalence of several comorbidities of COVID-19, such as diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity, which have been identified as risk factors for mortality of COVID-19. In this article, on the basis of epidemiological and environmental monitoring data in Northern Italy, it is suggested that epithelial barrier hypothesis may help to understand the excess burden and mortality from COVID-19.
Pharmacodynamics of CT-P39, a Proposed Biosimilar of Omalizumab, Comparing with EU-Xolair and US-Xolair; Result of a Phase 1, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group, Single-dose Study in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Kristi Mclendon, Paul Wabnitz, Sung Hyun Kim, Keum Young Ahn, Su Young Kim, Gyoung Jin Heo, Ji Eun Ka, Ji In choi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Authors’ Reply
Authors: Suphamai Bunnapradist, Hossein Tabriziani
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

We thank Drs. Gupta and Kaplan for their insightful comments. As we noted in our Research Letter, this preliminary report of the novel two-threshold algorithm had a small cohort size and limited confirmatory biopsy specimen data.[1][1] We are currently in the process of applying this two-threshold
Validation and refinement of a RUNX1 mutation-associated gene expression signature in blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kian Leong Lee, Tun Kiat Ko, Nicole Y. L. Saw, Asif Javed, Axel M. Hillmer, Charles Chuah, Vaidehi Krishnan, S. Tiong Ong
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
May the force be with you: understanding how patellofemoral joint reaction force compares across different activities and physical interventions—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Harvi F Hart, Brooke E Patterson, Kay M Crossley, Adam G Culvenor, Michaela C M Khan, Matthew G King, Prasanna Sritharan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2022)

Objective To systematically review and synthesise patellofemoral joint reaction force (PFJRF) in healthy individuals and those with patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis (OA), during everyday activities, therapeutic exercises and with physical interventions (eg, foot orthotics, footwear, taping, bracing). Design A systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, SportDiscus and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Eligibility criteria Observational and interventional studies reporting PFJRF during everyday activities, therapeutic exercises, and physical interventions. Results In healthy individuals, the weighted average of mean (±SD) peak PFJRF for everyday activities were: walking 0.9±0.4 body weight (BW), stair ascent 3.2±0.7 BW, stair descent 2.8±0.5 BW and running 5.2±1.2 BW. In those with patellofemoral pain, peak PFJRF were: walking 0.8±0.2 BW, stair ascent 2.5±0.5 BW, stair descent 2.6±0.5 BW, running 4.1±0.9 BW. Only single studies reported peak PFJRF during everyday activities in individuals with patellofemoral OA/articular cartilage defects (walking 1.3±0.5 BW, stair ascent 1.6±0.4 BW, stair descent 1.0±0.5 BW). The PFJRF was reported for many different exercises and physical interventions; however, considerable variability precluded any pooled estimates. Summary Everyday activities and exercises involving larger knee flexion (eg, squatting) expose the patellofemoral joint to higher PFJRF than those involving smaller knee flexion (eg, walking). There were no discernable differences in peak PFJRF during everyday activities between healthy individuals and those with patellofemoral pain/OA. The information on PFJRF may be used to select appropriate variations of exercises and physical interventions.
A Course of Lectures on Urine, Urinary Deposits, and Calculi
Authors: L. Beale
Journal: BMJ (1860)

Uric Acid resembling Albumen; Cases.Apparent Absence of Albunen in Urine which contains a large Quantity; Cases.Cause of the Precipitation of Albument by Heat being prevented by a Trace of Nitric Acid.Other Tests for Albunmen.On Estimating the Quantity of Albtunten.Peculiar Substance in Urine allied to Albumen.Of the Inmportance of Albumen in Urine in a Clinical point of view.Dropsy in Disease of the Kidney.Birrn.Tests.Nitric Acid.Helter's Test.Pettenkofer's Test.Yellow Colour of the Cells, etc., in the Urinary Deposit.SUGAn.General Characters of the Urine in Diabetes.Diabetic Sugar.Tests for Diabetic Sugar; Moore's Test; Trommer's Test; Barreswill's and other Solutions.On Testing for Sugar when only Traces are present.Circum.stances interfering with the Action of Trommner's Test.Of the Yeast Test.Maumenth's or the Perchloride of Tin Test.Bismuth Test.Of Estianting the Quantity of Sugar; volumetrically; by Fermentation; by Dr. Garrod's 31ethod; by the Polarising Saccharinmetr.Circumnstances under which Sugar is excreted in the Urine.Analyses of Urine itn Diabetes.OTHERi SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES WHICH
Volumetric measurements in low-grade glioma: Are we there yet?
Authors: Elizabeth R Gerstner
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Along with clinical status, radiographic response assessment is one of the key determinants of a novel drug’s efficacy. However, there continues to be a significant discussion on the best way to measure radiographic response assessment. The current Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria for both high-grade gliomas and low-grade gliomas recommend bidirectional (2D) measurements from a single slice that maximizes the area measured. However, this approach is plagued with several challenges. For example, gliomas can be quite variable in size and shape and a single 2D measurement fails to capture the complexity of these tumors. Growth is not necessarily evenly distributed over the tumor and one focal area may start to grow but measuring the slice demonstrating growth could fail to reach the threshold for progression despite clearly showing focal progression. In addition, there is significant inter- and intra-observer variability in how tumors are measured, particularly in low-grade gliomas which are measured on T2/FLAIR sequences and often have vague or imprecise boundaries.1
Identification of a Subset of Stage I Colorectal Cancer Patients With High Recurrence Risk
Authors: Lik Hang Lee, Lindy Davis, Lourdes Ylagan, Angela R Omilian, Kristopher Attwood, Canan Firat, Jinru Shia, Philip B Paty, William G Cance
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

A challenge in early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) is identifying biomarkers that predict an increased risk for recurrence. A potential clinically adaptable biomarker is focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a tyrosine kinase that promotes invasion and metastasis.
Ebola virus disease: an update on post-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: William A Fischer, Pauline Vetter, Daniel G Bausch, Timothy Burgess, Richard T Davey, Robert Fowler, Frederick G Hayden, Peter B Jahrling, Andre C Kalil, Douglas L Mayers, Aneesh K Mehta, Timothy M Uyeki, Michael Jacobs
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2017)
MILK AS A VEHICLE OF TUBERCULAR INFECTION.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2013 update
Authors: Josef S Smolen, Robert Landewé, Ferdinand C Breedveld, Maya Buch, Gerd Burmester, Maxime Dougados, Paul Emery, Cécile Gaujoux-Viala, Laure Gossec, Jackie Nam, Sofia Ramiro, Kevin Winthrop, Maarten de Wit, Daniel Aletaha, Neil Betteridge, Johannes W J Bijlsma, Maarten Boers, Frank Buttgereit, Bernard Combe, Maurizio Cutolo, Nemanja Damjanov, Johanna M W Hazes, Marios Kouloumas, Tore K Kvien, Xavier Mariette, Karel Pavelka, Piet L C M van Riel, Andrea Rubbert-Roth, Marieke Scholte-Voshaar, David L Scott, Tuulikki Sokka-Isler, John B Wong, Désirée van der Heijde
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

In this article, the 2010 European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (sDMARDs and bDMARDs, respectively) have been updated. The 2013 update has been developed by an international task force, which based its decisions mostly on evidence from three systematic literature reviews (one each on sDMARDs, including glucocorticoids, bDMARDs and safety aspects of DMARD therapy); treatment strategies were also covered by the searches. The evidence presented was discussed and summarised by the experts in the course of a consensus finding and voting process. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations were derived and levels of agreement (strengths of recommendations) were determined. Fourteen recommendations were developed (instead of 15 in 2010). Some of the 2010 recommendations were deleted, and others were amended or split. The recommendations cover general aspects, such as attainment of remission or low disease activity using a treat-to-target approach, and the need for shared decision-making between rheumatologists and patients. The more specific items relate to starting DMARD therapy using a conventional sDMARD (csDMARD) strategy in combination with glucocorticoids, followed by the addition of a bDMARD or another csDMARD strategy (after stratification by presence or absence of adverse risk factors) if the treatment target is not reached within 6 months (or improvement not seen at 3 months). Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, biosimilars), abatacept, tocilizumab and, under certain circumstances, rituximab are essentially considered to have similar efficacy and safety. If the first bDMARD strategy fails, any other bDMARD may be used. The recommendations also address tofacitinib as a targeted sDMARD (tsDMARD), which is recommended, where licensed, after use of at least one bDMARD. Biosimilars are also addressed. These recommendations are intended to inform rheumatologists, patients, national rheumatology societies and other stakeholders about EULAR's most recent consensus on the management of RA with sDMARDs, glucocorticoids and bDMARDs. They are based on evidence and expert opinion and intended to improve outcome in patients with RA.
Effect of Open-label Placebo on Children and Adolescents With Functional Abdominal Pain or Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Samuel Nurko, Miguel Saps, Joe Kossowsky, Sean Raymond Zion, Carlo Di Lorenzo, Karla Vaz, Kelsey Hawthorne, Rina Wu, Steven Ciciora, John Michael Rosen, Ted J. Kaptchuk, John M. Kelley
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Although it is widely believed that concealment or deception is required to elicit a placebo response, recent studies with adults suggest that open-label placebo (OLP) (ie, honestly prescribed placebos) can yield significant benefits. No studies of OLP have been performed with children.To evaluate the efficacy of OLP for the treatment of children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome.This multicenter crossover randomized clinical trial was conducted from July 1, 2015, to June 15, 2018, at 3 US centers among children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome defined per Rome III criteria. Statistical analysis was performed from March 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020, on an intention-to-treat basis.Patients completed 1 week of observation prior to randomization to 1 of 2 counterbalanced groups: OLP for 3 weeks followed by a 3-week control period or control period for 3 weeks followed by OLP for 3 weeks. During the OLP period, participants took 1.5 mL of an inert liquid placebo twice a day. A standardized method for explaining the OLP was used, and the interaction with clinicians had the same duration and style for both time periods. Hyoscyamine was allowed as a rescue medication.The primary outcome was the mean daily pain score during each of the interventions, measured on a 0- to 100-mm visual analog scale, where higher scores indicated greater pain. The number of rescue medications taken during each intervention served as an objective secondary measure.Thirty patients (mean [SD] age, 14.1 [3.4] years; 24 female participants [80.0%]; 16 [53.3%] with functional abdominal pain and 14 [46.7%] with irritable bowel syndrome) completed the study. The mean (SD) pain scores were significantly lower during OLP treatment compared with the control period (39.9 [18.9] vs 45.0 [14.7]; difference, 5.2; 95% CI, 0.2-10.1; P = .03). Patients took nearly twice as many hyoscyamine pills during the control period compared with during the OLP period (mean [SD] number, 3.8 [5.1] pills vs 2.0 [3.0] pills; difference, 1.8 pills; 95% CI, 0.5-3.1 pills).During OLP, patients with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome reported significantly less pain and took significantly fewer pain medications. Open-label placebo may be an effective treatment for children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02389998.
Randomized Trial of a Palliative Care Intervention to Improve End-of-Life Care Discussions in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Joseph A. Greer, Beverly Moy, Areej El-Jawahri, Vicki A. Jackson, Mihir Kamdar, Juliet Jacobsen, Charlotta Lindvall, Jennifer A. Shin, Simone Rinaldi, Heather A. Carlson, Angela Sousa, Emily R. Gallagher, Zhigang Li, Samantha Moran, Magaret Ruddy, Maya V. Anand, Julia E. Carp, Jennifer S. Temel
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Background: Studies show that early, integrated palliative care (PC) improves quality of life (QoL) and end-of-life (EoL) care for patients with poor-prognosis cancers. However, the optimal strategy for delivering PC for those with advanced cancers who have longer disease trajectories, such as metastatic breast cancer (MBC), remains unknown. We tested the effect of a PC intervention on the documentation of EoL care discussions, patient-reported outcomes, and hospice utilization in this population. Patients and Methods: Patients with MBC and clinical indicators of poor prognosis (n=120) were randomly assigned to receive an outpatient PC intervention (n=61) or usual care (n=59) between May 2, 2016, and December 26, 2018, at an academic cancer center. The intervention entailed 5 structured PC visits focusing on symptom management, coping, prognostic awareness, decision-making, and EoL planning. The primary outcome was documentation of EoL care discussions in the electronic health record (EHR). Secondary outcomes included patient-report of discussions with clinicians about EoL care, QoL, and mood symptoms at 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks after baseline and hospice utilization. Results: The rate of EoL care discussions documented in the EHR was higher among intervention patients versus those receiving usual care (67.2% vs 40.7%; P =.006), including a higher completion rate of a Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment form (39.3% vs 13.6%; P =.002). Intervention patients were also more likely to report discussing their EoL care wishes with their doctor (odds ratio [OR], 3.10; 95% CI, 1.21–7.94; P =.019) and to receive hospice services (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.10–14.73; P =.035) compared with usual care patients. Study groups did not differ in patient-reported QoL or mood symptoms. Conclusions: This PC intervention significantly improved rates of discussion and documentation regarding EoL care and delivery of hospice services among patients with MBC, demonstrating that PC can be tailored to address the supportive care needs of patients with longer disease trajectories. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02730858
Immune Reconstitution and “Unmasking” of Tuberculosis during Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Stephen D. Lawn, Robert J. Wilkinson, Marc C. I. Lipman, Robin Wood
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic disease in HIV-infected patients during the initial months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and presents a great challenge to ART programs in resource-limited settings. The mechanisms underlying development of TB in this period are complex. Some cases may represent progression of undiagnosed subclinical disease present before starting ART, emphasizing the importance of careful screening strategies for TB. It has been suggested that progression in such cases is due to immune reconstitution disease-a phenomenon in which dysregulated restoration of pathogen-specific immune responses triggers the presentation of subclinical disease. However, whereas some cases have exaggerated or overtly inflammatory manifestations consistent with existing case definitions for IRD, many others do not. Moreover, since ART-induced immune recovery is a time-dependent process, active TB may develop as a consequence of persisting immunodeficiency. All these mechanisms are likely to be important, representing a spectrum of complex interactions between mycobacterial burden and changing host immune response. We propose that the potential range of effects of ART includes (1) shortening of the time for subclinical TB to become symptomatic (a phenomenon often referred to as "unmasking"), (2) increased rapidity of initial onset of TB symptoms, and (3) heightened intensity of clinical manifestations. We suggest that the term "ART-associated TB" be used to refer collectively to all cases of TB presenting during ART and that "immune reconstitution disease" be used to refer to the subset of ART-associated TB cases in which the effect on disease severity results in exaggerated and overtly inflammatory disease.
SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS.
Authors: C. P. Pinckard
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal