tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Re: Hendrik Van Poppel, Monique J. Roobol, Christopher R. Chapple, et al. Prostate-specific Antigen Testing as Part of a Risk-Adapted Early Detection Strategy for Prostate Cancer: European Association of Urology Position and Recommendations for 2021. Eur Urol 2021;80:703–711
Authors: Takeshi Takahashi
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Social Risk Interventions and Health Care Utilization for Pediatric Asthma
Authors: Jordan Tyris, Susan Keller, Kavita Parikh
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Social determinants of health (SDOH) correlate with pediatric asthma morbidity, yet whether interventions addressing social risks are associated with asthma outcomes among children is unclear.To catalog asthma interventions by the social risks they address and synthesize their associations with asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations among children.PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, CINAHL, and references of included full-text articles were searched from January 1, 2008, to June 16, 2021.Included articles were US-based studies evaluating the associations of interventions addressing 1 or more social risks with asthma-related ED visits and hospitalizations among children. The systematic review included 38 of the original 641 identified articles (6%), and the meta-analysis included 19 articles (3%).Data extraction followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline. The SDOH intervention clusters were identified by grouping studies according to the social risks they addressed, using the Healthy People 2020 SDOH framework. Random-effects models created pooled risk ratios (RRs) as the effect estimates.Patients with ED visits or hospitalizations were the primary outcomes. Subgroup analyses were conducted by an SDOH intervention cluster. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for each, removing outlier studies and studies failing to meet the minimum quality threshold.In total, 38 studies were included in the systematic review, with 19 of these studies providing data for the meta-analysis (5441 participants). All interventions addressed 1 or more of the health, environment, and community domains; no interventions focused on the economy or education domains. In the primary analysis, social risk interventions were associated with decreased ED visits (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57-0.81; I2 = 70%) and hospitalizations (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37-0.68; I2 = 69%). In subgroup analyses, the health, environment, and community intervention cluster produced the lowest RR for ED visits (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.44-0.64; I2 = 50%) and for hospitalizations (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.20-0.55; I2 = 71%) compared with other intervention clusters. Sensitivity analyses did not alter primary or subgroup effect estimates.The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that social risk interventions are associated with decreased asthma-related ED visits and hospitalizations among children. These findings suggest that addressing social risks may be a crucial component of pediatric asthma care to improve health outcomes.
Monocytes promote acute neuroinflammation and become pathological microglia in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Authors: Hong-Ru Chen, Ching-Wen Chen, Yi-Min Kuo, Brandon Chen, Irena S. Kuan, Henry Huang, Jolly Lee, Neil Anthony, Chia-Yi Kuan, Yu-Yo Sun
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Rationale: Monocytes belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system and are immune responders to tissue injury and infection.There were also reports of monocytes transforming to microglia-like cells.Here we explore the roles of monocytes in microglia ontogeny and the pathogenesis of neonatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in mice.Methods: We used three genetic methods to track the development of monocytes, including CX3CR1 GFP/+ ; CCR2 RFP/+ reporter mice, adoptive transfer of GFP + monocytes, and fate-mapping with CCR2-CreER mice, in neonatal mouse brains with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.3 mg/kg)-sensitized Vannucci HI.We also used genetic (CCR2 RFP/ RFP , CCR2 knockout) and pharmacological methods (RS102895, a CCR2 antagonist) to test the roles of monocytic influx in LPS/HI brain injury.Results: CCR2 + monocytes entered the late-embryonic brains via choroid plexus, but rapidly became CX3CR1 + amoeboid microglial cells (AMCs).The influx of CCR2 + monocytes declined after birth, but recurred after HI or LPS-sensitized HI (LPS/HI) brain injury, particularly in the hippocampus.The CCR2-CreER-based fate-mapping showed that CCR2 + monocytes became CD68 + TNFα + macrophages within 4 d after LPS/HI, and maintained as TNFα + MHCII + macrophages or persisted as Tmem119 + Sall1 + P2RY12 + ramified microglia for at least five months after injury.Genetic deletion of the chemokine receptor CCR2 markedly diminished monocytic influx, the expression of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and brain damage.Post-LPS/HI application of RS102895 also reduced inflammatory responses and brain damage, leading to better cognitive functions.Conclusion: These results suggest that monocytes promote acute inflammatory responses and may become pathological microglia long after the neonatal LPS/HI insult.Further, blocking the influx of monocytes may be a potential therapy for neonatal brain injury.
A Short Flight in a Small Room
Authors: Michele Bombardier
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Error in Figure Legend
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Mary Clyde Pierce, MD; Kim Kaczor, MS; Douglas J. Lorenz, PhD; Gina Bertocci, PhD; Amanda K. Fingarson, DO; Kathi Makoroff, MD, MEd; Rachel P. Berger, MD, MPH; Berkeley Bennett, MD, MS; Julia Magana, MD; Shannon Staley, MD; Veena Ramaiah, MD; Kristine Fortin, MD; Melissa Currie, MD; Bruce E. Herman, MD; Sandra Herr, MD; Kent P. Hymel, MD; Carole Jenny, MD, MBA; Karen Sheehan, MD, MPH; Noel Zuckerbraun, MD, MPH; Sheila Hickey, MSW, MJ; Gabriel Meyers, MSW; John M. Leventhal, MD
The cost of convenience: potential linkages between noncommunicable diseases and meal delivery apps
Authors: Afton Halloran, Minah Faiz, Saion Chatterjee, Isabelle Clough, Holly Rippin, Clare Farrand, Nuwan Weerasinghe, Roberto Flore, Hannah Springhorn, João Breda, Alison Tedstone, Kremlin Wickramasinghe
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)
Associating Ex Vivo Drug Sensitivity with Differentiation Status Identifies Effective Drug Combinations for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Christopher A. Eide, Stephen E. Kurtz, Andy Kaempf, Nicola Long, Daniel Bottomly, Olga Nikolova, Brian J. Druker, Shannon K. McWeeney, Jeffrey W. Tyner, Anupriya Agarwal
Journal: Blood (2021)
22P Comprehensive statistical analysis of predictive markers to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: S. Hiltbrunner, M-L. Spohn, R. Wechsler, D. Akhoundova Sanoyan, L. Bankel, S. Kasser, S. Bihr, C. Britschgi, M.H. Maathuis, A. Curioni-Fontecedro
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Epidemiology of infective endocarditis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jean Jacques Noubiap, Jan René Nkeck, Beckly Shu Kwondom, Ulrich Flore Nyaga
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

The epidemiology of infective endocarditis in Africa is inadequately characterised. We therefore aimed to comprehensively summarise the available data for the incidence, risk factors, clinical pattern, microbiology, and outcomes of infective endocarditis in Africa.We did a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online for all studies reporting primary data for the epidemiology of infective endocarditis in populations within Africa, published from inception to Jan 14, 2021, irrespective of the language. We used the search terms "endocarditis", "Africa", and the name of all African countries in the search strategy. We excluded articles that did not include primary data, primary studies with a small sample size (<30 participants), and those that report findings from before 1990. We recorded data for study characteristics, sample size, criteria used to define infective endocarditis, risk factors, potential entry site, clinical patterns, microbiology profile, outcomes including complications such as embolic events, heart failure, acute kidney injury, and death, and predictors of death. We used random-effects meta-analysis method to pool estimates. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021243842.We retrieved 2141 records from the database and bibliographic searches, of which a total of 42 studies were included in this systematic review. Rheumatic heart disease was the most common risk factor for infective endocarditis in adults (52·0% [95% CI 42·4-61·5]), whereas congenital heart disease was the most common risk factor for infective endocarditis in children (44·7% [29·5-60·5]). Microbiological testing (mostly blood cultures) was positive in 48·6% (95% CI 42·2-51·1) of patients with infective endocarditis, with Staphylococcus species (41·3% [95% CI 36·2-46·5]) and Streptococcus species (34·0% [29·0-39·3]) the most commonly identified microorganisms. The pooled rate of surgical treatment of infective endocarditis was 49·1% (95% CI 43·2-55·1). The pooled in-hospital mortality rate was 22·6% (95% CI 19·5-25·9). Other frequent complications included heart failure (47·0% [95% CI 38·2-56·0]), acute kidney injury (22·8% [18·8-27·0]), and embolic events (31·1% [22·2-40·7]).As the most prevalent risk factor in Africa, rheumatic heart disease should be central in interventions to reduce the burden of infective endocarditis on the continent. In tertiary hospitals with good access to cardiac surgery, the outcomes of infective endocarditis seem relatively similar to what has been reported in other parts of the world, especially in high-income countries.None.
The perception of quantity ain't number: Missing the primacy of symbolic reference
Authors: Rafael E Núñez, Francesco d'Errico, Russell D Gray, Andrea Bender
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract Clarke and Beck's defense of the theoretical construct “approximate number system” (ANS) is flawed in serious ways – from biological misconceptions to mathematical naïveté. The authors misunderstand behavioral/psychological technical concepts, such as numerosity and quantical cognition, which they disdain as “exotic.” Additionally, their characterization of rational numbers is blind to the essential role of symbolic reference in the emergence of number.
Rates in Bronchiolitis Hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit Use, Mortality, and Costs From 2004 to 2018
Authors: Sanjay Mahant, Patricia C. Parkin, Thaksha Thavam, Haris Imsirovic, Meltem Tuna, Braden Knight, Richard Webster, Suzanne Schuh, Teresa To, Peter J. Gill, Gita Wahi, Lucy Giglia, Ann Bayliss, Mahmoud Sakran, Ronik Kanani, Anupam Seghal, Catherine Pound, Sean Murray, Sepideh Taheri
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Over the last 2 decades, bronchiolitis guidelines and improvement efforts focused on supportive care and reducing unnecessary tests, treatments, and hospitalization. There have been limited population-based studies examining hospitalization outcomes over time.To describe rates and trends in bronchiolitis hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) use, mortality, and costs.This cohort study used population-based health administrative data from April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2018, to identify bronchiolitis encounters using hospital discharge diagnosis codes in Ontario, Canada. Children younger than 2 years with and without bronchiolitis hospitalization were included. Data were analyzed from January 2020 to July 2021.Bronchiolitis hospitalization per 1000 person-years, ICU use per 1000 hospitalizations, mortality per 100 000 person-years, and costs per 1000 person-years adjusted to 2018 Canadian dollars and reported in 2018 US dollars.Among 2 336 446 included children, 1 199 173 (51.3%) were male. During the study period, 43 993 children (1.9%) younger than 2 years had 48 058 bronchiolitis hospitalizations at 141 hospitals. Bronchiolitis accounted for 48 058 of 360 920 all-cause hospitalizations (13.3%) and 215 654 of 2 566 348 all-cause hospital days (8.4%) in children younger than 2 years. Bronchiolitis hospitalization was stable over time, at 14.0 (95% CI, 13.6-14.4) hospitalizations per 1000 person-years in 2004-2005 and 12.7 (95% CI, 12.2-13.1) hospitalizations per 1000 person-years in 2017-2018 (annual percent change [APC], 0%; 95% CI, -1.6 to 1.6; P = .97). ICU admission increased significantly from 38.1 (95% CI, 32.2-44.8) per 1000 hospitalizations in 2004-2005 to 87.8 (95% CI, 78.3-98.0) per 1000 hospitalizations in 2017-2018 (APC, 7.2%; 95% CI, 5.4-8.9; P < .001). Over the study period, bronchiolitis mortality was 2.8 (95% CI, 2.3-3.4) per 100 000 person-years and remained stable (APC, 1.1%; 95% CI, -8.4 to 11.7; P = .85). Hospitalization costs per 1000 person-years increased from $49 640 (95% CI, $49 617-$49 663) in 2004-2005 to $58 632 (95% CI, $58 608-$58 657) in 2017-2018 (APC, 3.0%; 95% CI, 1.3-4.8; P = .002).From 2004 to 2018, bronchiolitis hospitalization and mortality rates remained stable; however, ICU use and costs increased substantially. This represents a major increase in high-intensity hospital care and costs for one of the most common and cumulatively expensive conditions in pediatric hospital care.
Association of Antenatal Diet and Physical Activity–Based Interventions With Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Helena J. Teede, Cate Bailey, Lisa J. Moran, Mahnaz Bahri Khomami, Joanne Enticott, Sanjeeva Ranasinha, Ewelina Rogozińska, Helen Skouteris, Jacqueline A. Boyle, Shakila Thangaratinam, Cheryce L. Harrison
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is common and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Antenatal lifestyle interventions limit GWG; yet benefits of different intervention types and specific maternal and neonatal outcomes are unclear.
A Refined Model of HLA-DP Permissiveness Improves Stratification of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Risks after Unrelated Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Study from the CIBMTR
Authors: Esteban Arrieta-Bolanos, Pietro Crivello, Meilun He, Tao Wang, Shahinaz M. Gadalla, Sophie Paczesny, Steven G.E. Marsh, Stephanie J. Lee, Stephen R. Spellman, Yung-Tsi Bolon, Katharina Fleischhauer
Journal: Blood (2021)
A Prospective Phase I/II Trial to Jointly Optimize the Administration Schedule and Dose of Melphalan for Injection (Evomela) As a Preparative Regimen for Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Qaiser Bashir, Peter F. Thall, Dawen Sui, Jeremy L. Ramdial, Samer A. Srour, Rohtesh S. Mehta, Uday R. Popat, Yago Nieto, Neeraj Saini, Partow Kebriaei, Elisabet E. Manasanch, Hans C. Lee, Gregory P. Kaufman, Sheeba K Thomas, Krina K. Patel, Robert Z. Orlowski, Cristina G. Knape, Jitesh D. Kawedia, Richard E. Champlin, Elizabeth J. Shpall, Xiaoqian Liu, Muzaffar H. Qazilbash
Journal: Blood (2021)
维布妥昔单抗——对蕈样真菌病和 Sézary 综合征有效
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

蕈样真菌病 (MF) 和 Sézary 综合征 (SS) 是两种罕见形式的皮肤癌 (T 细胞淋巴瘤) , 源于白细胞在皮肤上的癌变。这两种病症的表现呈现多样化和难治性。维布妥昔单抗 (BV) 是一种靶向 CD30 的药物, CD30 是一种存在于活化淋巴 T 细胞表面的蛋白质。CD30 经常在 MF 和 SS 患者中表达。
Reply to Fredrik Liedberg, Johan Abrahamsson, and Johannes Bobjer’s Letter to the Editor re: Keisuke Shigeta, Kazuhiro Matsumoto, Koichiro Ogihara, et al. Does Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy have Therapeutic Benefit for Node-positive Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma? Results of a Multi-center Cohort Study. Urol Oncol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.07.029: A Plea for Uniform Terminology for Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Chemotherapy Before Consolidative Surgery …
Authors: Keisuke Shigeta, Kazuhiro Matsumoto, Mototsugu Oya
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Advances in ameliorating inflammatory diseases and cancers by andrographolide: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and perspective
Authors: Jiao Qu, Qianqian Liu, Guoquan You, Ling Ye, Yiguang Jin, Lingdong Kong, Wenjie Guo, Qiang Xu, Yang Sun
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2021)

Abstract Andrographolide, a well‐known natural lactone having a range of pharmacological actions in traditional Chinese medicine. It has long been used to cure a variety of ailments. In this review, we cover the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological activity of andrographolide which supports its further clinical application in cancers and inflammatory diseases. Growing evidence shows a good therapeutic effect in inflammatory diseases, including liver diseases, joint diseases, respiratory system diseases, nervous system diseases, heart diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and inflammatory skin diseases. As a result, the effects of andrographolide on immune cells and the processes that underpin them are discussed. The preclinical use of andrographolide to different organs in response to malignancies such as colorectal, liver, gastric, breast, prostate, lung, and oral cancers has also been reviewed. In addition, several clinical trials of andrographolide in inflammatory diseases and cancers have been summarized. This review highlights recent advances in ameliorating inflammatory diseases as well as cancers by andrographolide and its analogs, providing a new perspective for subsequent research of this traditional natural product.
147P Inductive anti-PD-1 and albumin paclitaxel/cisplatin on pathological response in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma: A single arm trial
Authors: L-P. Zhong, Y-Y. Huang, J-J. Sun, J. Li, M-J. Dong, G-P. Zhu, Q. Zhu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Follow-up
Authors: Marjorie Maddox
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Implantable Artificial Atherosclerotic Plaque as a Novel Approach for Drug Transport Studies on Drug‐Eluting Stents
Authors: Francesca Razzi, Matija Lovrak, Dovile Gruzdyte, Yvette Den Hartog, Dirk J. Duncker, Jan H. van Esch, Volkert van Steijn, Heleen M. M. van Beusekom
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Atherosclerotic arteries are commonly treated using drug-eluting stents (DES). However, it remains unclear whether and how the properties of atherosclerotic plaque affect drug transport in the arterial wall. A limitation of the currently used atherosclerotic animal models to study arterial drug distribution is the unpredictability of plaque size, composition, and location. In the present study, the aim is to create an artificial atherosclerotic plaque-of reproducible and controllable complexity and implantable at specific locations-to enable systematic studies on transport phenomena of drugs in stented atherosclerosis-mimicking arteries. For this purpose, mixtures of relevant lipids at concentrations mimicking atherosclerotic plaque are incorporated in gelatin/alginate hydrogels. Lipid-free (control) and lipid-rich hydrogels (artificial plaque) are created, mounted on DES and successfully implanted in porcine coronary arteries ex-vivo. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is used to measure local drug distribution in the arterial wall behind the prepared hydrogels, showing that the lipid-rich hydrogel significantly hampers drug transport as compared to the lipid-free hydrogel. This observation confirms the importance of studying drug transport phenomena in the presence of lipids and of having an experimental model in which lipids and other plaque constituents can be precisely controlled and systematically studied.
Update on Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks — Worldwide, January 2020–June 2021
Authors: Mary M. Alleman, Jaume Jorba, Elizabeth Henderson, Ousmane M. Diop, Shahzad Shaukat, Mohamed A. Traoré, Eric Wiesen, Steven G.F. Wassilak, Cara C. Burns
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

As of May 1, 2016, use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) type 2 for routine and supplementary immunization activities ceased after a synchronized global switch from trivalent OPV (tOPV; containing Sabin strain types 1, 2, and 3) to bivalent OPV (bOPV; containing Sabin strain types 1 and 3) subsequent to the certified eradication of wild type poliovirus (WPV) type 2 in 2015 (1-3). Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks* occur when transmission of Sabin strain poliovirus is prolonged in underimmunized populations, allowing viral genetic reversion to neurovirulence, resulting in cases of paralytic polio (1-3). Since the switch, monovalent OPV type 2 (mOPV2, containing Sabin strain type 2) has been used for response to cVDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks; tOPV is used if cVDPV2 co-circulates with WPV type 1, and bOPV is used for cVDPV type 1 (cVDPV1) or type 3 (cVDPV3) outbreaks (1-4). In November 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Use Listing procedure authorized limited use of type 2 novel OPV (nOPV2), a vaccine modified to be more genetically stable than the Sabin strain, for cVDPV2 outbreak response (3,5). In October 2021, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (WHO's principal advisory group) permitted wider use of nOPV2; however, current nOPV2 supply is limited (6). This report updates that of July 2019-February 2020 to describe global cVDPV outbreaks during January 2020-June 2021 (as of November 9, 2021)† (3). During this period, there were 44 cVDPV outbreaks of the three serotypes affecting 37 countries. The number of cVDPV2 cases increased from 366 in 2019 to 1,078 in 2020 (7). A goal of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative's (GPEI) 2022-2026 Strategic Plan is to better address the challenges to early CVDPV2 outbreak detection and initiate prompt and high coverage outbreak responses with available type 2 OPV to interrupt transmission by the end of 2023 (8).