tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DNA Detectives
Authors: Mike May
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

To understand the many potential causes and resulting consequences of DNA damage, scientists first need methods to detect it. Canadian scientists X. Chris Le and Michael Weinfeld, with help from U.S. molecular biologist Steven Leadon, developed a selective, sensitive technique for measuring DNA damage. The scientists combined a thymine glycol antibody with thymine glycol to selectively tag a specific type of DNA damage. They then added a second antibody with fluorescing properties, and used laser-induced fluorescence to identify the damaged portion of the tagged DNA. The fluorescence can be quantified, with higher levels of fluorescence indicating higher DNA damage. The technique was shown to find 1 damaged base in 1 billion normal bases. This level of sensitivity could allow the measurement of DNA damage resulting from clinical levels of radiation, and may allow scientists to establish a day-to-day baseline for DNA damage. From this baseline, it would be possible to ascertain the levels of damage that a cell can tolerate, as well as how much damaged it is capable of repairing on a daily basis.
Systematic review and critical appraisal of psoriasis clinical practice guidelines: a Global Guidelines in Dermatology Mapping Project ( <scp>GUIDEMAP</scp> )*
Authors: Hsi Yen, Chun‐Hsien Huang, I‐Hsin Huang, Wei‐Kai Hung, Hsing‐Jou Su, Hsuan Yen, Cheng‐Chen Tai, William Y. Haw, Carsten Flohr, Zenas Z.N. Yiu, Ching‐Chi Chi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) developed with rigorous methods can help optimize clinical care for patients with psoriasis.To conduct an updated systematic review and comprehensive critical appraisal of global psoriasis CPGs.A search of MEDLINE and Embase for psoriasis CPGs published between 1 January 2015 and 31 March 2021 was performed. Other guideline repositories were also searched for relevant CPGs. Descriptive analysis was conducted to summarize included guidelines. Three critical appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of included CPGs: the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument, Lenzer et al.'s red flags, and the US Institute of Medicine's (IOM) criteria of trustworthiness.We included 33 psoriasis CPGs, with 25 openly accessible. Most CPGs were from high sociodemographic index countries in North America and Europe. Five CPGs received 'excellent quality' appraisals across all six AGREE II domains. Stakeholder involvement, rigour of development and applicability were the three domains with the lowest appraisal scores for AGREE II. Twenty-two CPGs raised at least one red flag indicative of potential bias. By the IOM's standards, external review of the guideline draft prior to publication and clear updating procedures were most often not addressed by guidelines, and only three CPGs were assessed as having higher overall trustworthiness.Most psoriasis guidelines were unable to consistently demonstrate high quality across multiple appraisal tools. The EuroGuiDerm guideline on the systemic treatment of psoriasis vulgaris was the only CPG to receive 'excellent quality' across all six AGREE II domains, to raise no Lenzer's red flags, and to have higher trustworthiness by IOM criteria.
Poxviruses and paramyxoviruses use a conserved mechanism of STAT1 antagonism to inhibit interferon signaling
Authors: Callum Talbot-Cooper, Teodors Pantelejevs, John P. Shannon, Christian R. Cherry, Marcus T. Au, Marko Hyvönen, Heather D. Hickman, Geoffrey L. Smith
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2022)

The induction of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes by STATs is a critical host defense mechanism against virus infection. Here, we report that a highly expressed poxvirus protein, 018, inhibits IFN-induced signaling by binding to the SH2 domain of STAT1, thereby preventing the association of STAT1 with an activated IFN receptor. Despite encoding other inhibitors of IFN-induced signaling, a poxvirus mutant lacking 018 was attenuated in mice. The 2.0 Å crystal structure of the 018:STAT1 complex reveals a phosphotyrosine-independent mode of 018 binding to the SH2 domain of STAT1. Moreover, the STAT1-binding motif of 018 shows similarity to the STAT1-binding proteins from Nipah virus, which, similar to 018, block the association of STAT1 with an IFN receptor. Overall, these results uncover a conserved mechanism of STAT1 antagonism that is employed independently by distinct virus families.
MISCELLANY.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Annals Graphic Medicine - The Devil Really Is in the Details
Authors: Stefan Tigges
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives21 July 2020Annals Graphic Medicine - The Devil Really Is in the DetailsFREEStefan Tigges, MDStefan Tigges, MDEmory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (S.T.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G19-0077 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (S.T.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G19-0077.Author/Illustrator Information: Stefan Tigges, MD (e-mail, [email protected]edu).This article was published at Annals.org on 14 July 2020. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 July 2020Volume 173, Issue 2Page: W27-W31KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureHealth care ePublished: 14 July 2020 Issue Published: 21 July 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Managing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults
Authors: Neil J. Stone, Sidney C. Smith, Carl E. Orringer, Nancy A. Rigotti, Ann Marie Navar, Sadiya S. Khan, Daniel W. Jones, Ronald Goldberg, Samia Mora, Michael Blaha, Michael J. Pencina, Scott M. Grundy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Annals Graphic Medicine - Some Thoughts and Images From an Artist Working to Find Mental Health Balance During a Pandemic
Authors: William J. Doan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives21 April 2020Annals Graphic Medicine - Some Thoughts and Images From an Artist Working to Find Mental Health Balance During a PandemicFREEWilliam J. Doan, BA, MFA, PhDWilliam J. Doan, BA, MFA, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G20-0018 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G20-0018.Author/Illustrator Information: William J. Doan, BA, MFA, PhD, is an artist and scholar whose work includes visual art, solo performance, and playwriting. He is currently Director of the Arts and Design Research Incubator at the Pennsylvania State University, serving as an artist-in-residence in the College of Nursing and the 2019-2020 Penn State Laureate.This article was published at Annals.org on 17 March 2020. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 April 2020Volume 172, Issue 8Page: W97-W101KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureHealth carePsychiatry and mental healthResearch design ePublished: 17 March 2020 Issue Published: 21 April 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Transcatheter angioplasty for acquired pulmonary vein stenosis following radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Athar M. Qureshi, Lourdes R. Prieto, Geoffrey K. Lane, Penelope Radvansky, Geoffrey L. Rosenthal, Cesar I. Mesia, Richard D. White, Nassir F. Marrouche, Andrea Natale, Larry A. Latson, John F. Rhodes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Enhanced antimicrobial activity through the combination of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and low-frequency ultrasonic irradiation
Authors: Ying Wang, Yixuan Xu, Xianghuan Guo, Lei Wang, Jing Zeng, Haixia Qiu, Yizhou Tan, Defu Chen, Hongyou Zhao, Ying Gu
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2022)
Adrenal Incidentaloma
Authors: Electron Kebebew
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

An adrenal mass discovered in testing for another condition (an "incidentaloma") warrants biochemical tests to detect pheochromocytoma, excess cortisol, and, in a patient with hypertension, primary hyperaldosteronism. Imaging may distinguish benign from malignant lesions. Small nonfunctioning adrenal tumors with low CT attenuation generally do not warrant intervention or long-term follow-up.
Neoantigen vaccine-induced CD4 T cells confer protective immunity in a mouse model of multiple myeloma through activation of CD8 T cells against non-vaccine, tumor-associated antigens
Authors: Selma Bekri, Reunet Rodney-Sandy, Diana Gruenstein, Anna Mei, Bjarne Bogen, John Castle, Daniel Levey, Hearn Jay Cho
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Background Cancer-associated neoantigens (neoAg) derived from tumor genomic sequencing and predictive algorithms for mutated peptides are a promising basis for therapeutic vaccines under investigation. Although these are generally designed to bind major histocompatibility complex class I and induce CD8 cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, results from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that the majority of neoAg vaccines efficiently induce CD4 T helper (Th) responses but not CTL. Despite this, these vaccines have demonstrated clinical efficacy. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of CD4 + T cell-mediated tumor protection is critical to optimizing this immunotherapeutic strategy. Methods We investigated this phenomenon in the mineral oil-induced plasmacytoma (MOPC).315.BM (MOPC315) mouse model of multiple myeloma, a malignancy of plasma cells. MOPC315 cells express in their lambda chain a unique tumor-specific neoAg, an idiotypic (Id) peptide. We generated a vaccine formulated with this Id peptide fused to a heat shock protein HSC70 binding (HSB) motif co-delivered with poly (I:C). The immunogenicity of the Id-vaccine was measured in splenocytes by ELISpot. Mice were challenged with MOPC315 cells and antitumor immunity was assessed by co-incubating splenocytes and bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from vaccinated mice and controls, with the Id antigen and irradiated MOPC315 cells. The frequency of activated CD4 and CD8 T cells and their phenotype were characterized by flow cytometry. Results Id-vaccine efficiently induced antigen-specific CD4 Th activity and antitumor immunity, protecting mice from MOPC315 tumor growth. CD4 cytolytic activity was not detected under these conditions. Polyfunctional CD8 T cells homed to the bone marrow microenvironment of protected mice and preferentially expanded only when restimulated ex vivo with both Id peptide and MOPC315 cells. Protective activity was abrogated by depletion of either CD4 or CD8 lymphocytes. Conclusion These results demonstrate that Id-HSB +poly (I:C) vaccine protects against MOPC315 growth by priming Id-specific CD4 Th cells that confer protection against tumor but are not directly cytotoxic. These data indicate that activation of CD8 CTL against MOPC315-associated antigens not present in the vaccine is one of the major mechanisms of tumor immunity.
Knowledge and Attitudes Concerning Aducanumab Among Older Americans After FDA Approval for Treatment of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Julie Zissimopoulos, Mireille Jacobson, Yi Chen, Soo Borson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This survey study examines the understanding of aducanumab and attitudes toward its potential outcomes among older Americans after the drug's approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment for Alzheimer disease.
New ophthalmic findings in fetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: E. R. Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Tortuosity of the retinal vessels—both arterial and venous—may be a dead giveaway that a young patient is suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), says I. Matthew Rabinowicz, MD, FRCS. Another important sign of the syndrome, he says, is optic nerve hypoplasia or atrophy, sometimes found in conjunction with pallor of the optic disc. Rabinowicz, who is chief of ophthalmology at the Children's Eye Hospital of Michigan, Kresge Eye Institute of Wayne State University, Detroit, announced these findings at the recent meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology in Chicago. They emerged from a study of 17 cases of FAS diagnosed according to standard diagnostic criteria. All except one of the children, ranging in age from 3 days to 10 years, had been born to mothers who reported a history of heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Some of Rabinowicz's findings confirmed those of other ophthalmologists. But disc hypoplasia has been reported
Personal View
Authors: D. Black
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The author, a child psychiatrist, comments briefly about an incident of unauthorized disclosure to a lawyer of a psychiatrist's evaluation of a troubled family. She notes that the event has implications for medical ethics as well as for the persons involved. Doctors who breach confidentiality by disclosing a consultant's report risk that the consultant will water down or substantially modify written opinions lest the reports be read by the patients or others not intended to see them.
Abstract 17357: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detected Intraplaque Hemorrhage and Expansive Remodeling in Superficial Femoral Artery
Authors: Jie Sun, Xue-Qiao Zhao, Gador Canton, Niranjan Balu, Daniel Isquith, Daniel Hippe, Chun Yuan, Thomas Hatsukami
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Compared to coronary and carotid arteries, there is much less knowledge on atherosclerotic plaque characteristics and their clinical relevance in lower-extremity arteries. Magnetic resonance (MR) vessel wall imaging allows for in vivo detection of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), which has been consistently associated with increased risks for clinical events in coronary and carotid artery disease. Objective: In a pilot study, we sought to estimate the prevalence of IPH in peripheral artery disease and examine plaque progression in the presence of IPH. Methods: Ten patients with ankle brachial index &lt;0.90 in one or both legs were recruited. A 3D MR imaging protocol with a large coverage (30 or 45 cm in the head-feet direction) and isotropic resolution (voxel size: 0.8x0.8x0.8 mm 3 ) was used to scan bilateral legs in the coronal plane from the common femoral artery bifurcation to the popliteal artery at baseline and 6 months later. Images were reformatted into axial slices for detailed visualization of vessel wall. Following previous publications on carotid MRI, IPH was detected as hyperintense signals on heavily T1-weighted images. Superficial femoral artery (SFA) segments (3 cm in length) with IPH were identified, of which lumen and outer wall were segmented on black-blood images (motion-sensitized flow suppression for improved vessel wall delineation) to measure plaque progression and remodeling. Image analysis was performed in a blinded fashion without knowing time relationship between serial images. Results: Twenty SFAs were analyzed. After excluding 4 arteries with total occlusion, 5 out of the 16 arteries (31%) or 50% of the subjects showed IPH in 1 or more SFA segments. After 6 months, there was significant progression in vessel wall area in SFA segments with IPH (mean ± standard deviation: 43.5 ± 13.9 mm 2 versus 47.3 ± 17.3 mm 2 , p=0.045), which resulted in outer wall expansion (mean [95% confidence intervals]: +3.9 mm 2 [+0.4, +7.4], p=0.035) rather than lumen reduction (-0.02 mm 2 [-2.6, +2.5], p=0.99). Conclusions: MR vessel wall imaging revealed that IPH is likely a common feature in femoral atherosclerosis. SFA segments with IPH showed expansive remodeling in 6 months, of which the clinical significance needs to be further studied.
CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS.
Authors: LISTON HOMER MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

While in attendance at the forty-fifth annual meeting of theAmerican Medical Association, which was held in that great metropolitan city located at the entrance of the Golden Gate where the commerce of all nations enters that wonderfully progressive and healthful State, the honor was conferred upon me in being elected chairman of this model Section for the year 1894-95. In accepting so much honor I am not unmindful of the responsibility that has devolved upon me. On the other hand, I am profoundly cognizant of my inability to discharge the duties as your chairman in as efficient a manner and to such an eminent degree of satisfaction as did my immediate predecessor, and others who have been chairmen of the Section prior to this time. As your presiding officer, I desire most cordially and sincerely to return my heartfelt thanks to the members of the Section, and to earnestly
On Inflammation
Authors: W. Addison
Journal: BMJ (1873)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL ?OURAAL.5132. But, in not a few women, exhaustion of the nervous system gener- ally, is the first and most prominent feature.The patient complains of extreme weariness and languor, and, instead of resting in the intervals between the pains, is restless, tossing about from side to side, while the pains, at first normal, assume, subsequent to the occurrence of the symptoms just indicated, the short, indecisive character pointed out by Dr. Whittle.3. But haxmorrhage, and that, too, of an alarminc character, is met
Optimization of serum miR-371a-3p for the detection of chemotherapy-naïve minimal residual germ cell tumor.
Authors: John T. Lafin, Armon Amini, Bendu Konneh, Anna Savelyeva, Jin Piao, Michelle Nuno, Cinzia Scarpini, Jeffrey Howard, Thomas Gerald, Liwei Jia, Nicholas Coleman, Matthew Murray, Lindsay Lindsay Frazier, James F. Amatruda, Aditya Bagrodia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

423 Background: Currently used serum tumor markers exhibit middling sensitivity and specificity for the detection of germ cell tumors (GCTs). Circulating miRNAs, particularly miR-371a-3p, have exhibited strong performance characteristics in the pre-orchiectomy setting. However, the ability of miR-371a-3p to detect chemotherapy-naïve occult disease is less clear. We previously reported in a small cohort of patients that miR-371a-3p outperforms conventional markers in the context of chemotherapy-naïve minimal residual disease. Here, we expand upon that experience and further refine the assay, including the recommendation of an indeterminate range. Methods: We examined over 250 assays to compare performance between classification based on raw Cq, Cq normalized to miR-30b-5p (∆Cq), or relative quantification to normal serum (RQ). We prospectively collected pre-surgical serum samples and clinical information from GCT patients undergoing primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) at our institution. Patients were classified based on histology as “Control” (pure teratoma or no GCT) or “GCT”. RNA was extracted from these samples, and miR-371a-3p (target) and miR-30b-5p (reference gene) were detected by qPCR. Performance was assessed by calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results: Sensitivity, specificity, and AUC did not significantly change based on thresholding metric (Cq, ∆Cq, or RQ). We found a 25% chance that any given control sample would return a false positive result, and to combat this, estimated an indeterminate range of Cq 28-35. Repeating any indeterminate sample once improved performance. We then compared the performance of this updated process to a simple binary threshold in a cohort of patients with occult disease. 32 patients were enrolled in the study (15 Control, 17 GCT). 12 samples were indeterminate on first run (6 Control, 6 GCT). 8 remained indeterminate on a second run, all of which harbored teratoma or viable GCT. Inclusion of a second run prevented 3 false positives, improving specificity from 86% to 100% and yielding a sensitivity of 92% and AUC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.89-1). Conclusions: The use of Cq instead of RQ to classify results for the miR-371a-3p test would eliminate the need for a normal sample in each run without injuring assay performance. In the context of chemotherapy-naïve minimal residual germ cell tumor, consideration of an indeterminate range may improve the performance of the miR-371a-3p test.