tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract EP20: Immigrant-related Factors And Prediabetes Prevalence Among Latinos In The Us
Authors: Sandra Echeverria, Elizabeth Vasquez, Rosenda Murillo, Teresa Janevic, Towfiqul Alam, Peace Okpala
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Latinos have a nearly two-fold increased risk of diabetes and diabetes-specific mortality compared to non-Latino whites. Until recently, foreign-born individuals have shown a lower prevalence of diabetes. However, limited research has examined the social and demographic factors contributing to prediabetes among Latinos. Directing prevention efforts towards those classified at the prediabetes stage presents a critical window of opportunity to prevent the transition to diabetes and subsequent morbidity and mortality. We characterized prediabetes prevalence across social, demographic, and immigrant factors in a nationally representative sample of Latino adults living in the United States (US). Hypothesis: Foreign-born Latinos will have a higher prevalence of prediabetes than US-born for select characteristics. Methods: Our study population included Latino adults 20+ years of age sampled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013-2018 (n=4,060). We examined prediabetes prevalence measured via A1C levels of 5.7-6.4 by age, sex at birth, nativity, occupational status, and poverty threshold accounting for the complex sampling design of NHANES. We also tested if nativity modified these social and demographic risk factors. Results: A total of 8,237,647 million Latinos met the criteria for prediabetes, resulting in an estimated prevalence of 27.9%. We found an increasing trend for prediabetes for greater time residing in the US (22%, 26%, and 40% for &lt;10 years, 10-19 years, and &gt;20 years, respectively). Moreover, across most social and demographic characteristics, foreign-born Latinos had a higher prevalence of prediabetes than US-born Latinos. Conclusion: Our findings suggest clear patterns of increased prediabetes prevalence among foreign-born Latinos relative to their US-born counterparts. Future diabetes prevention efforts are needed to address the higher prediabetes burden among the foreign-born and design tailored interventions for this group that address structural as well as cultural factors patterning these disparities.
Abstract P191: Sex-related Differences In Mortality After 15-years Follow Up Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery:a Systematic Review And Meta-analysis
Authors: Maryam ALSADAOEE, Faisal Aslam, Hina Ijaz, kalyani Dhar, Mohammed AlSadawi
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Previous data suggest that short and intermediate term outcomes post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery differ between women and men, but long-term outcomes (&gt;15-years) has been poorly investigated. This meta-analysis sought to elaborate sex-specific differences in mortality post CABG after 15 years of follow up. Methods: Systematic search was executed in December, 2020 for studies reporting sex-specific mortality post CABG after 15 years of follow up. The search was not restricted to time, publication status or language. Results: A total of 6 studies and 81,691 patients (15,501 women and 66,189 men) were included. Pooled analysis demonstrated that after 15 years of follow up post CABG, women did not have a statistically significant 15-years mortality compared to men [odds ratio (OR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60-1.68, p=0.09]. Conclusions: In out finding, women did not have a statistically significant 15-years mortality post CABG compared to men.
Ambient heat exposure and COPD hospitalisations in England: a nationwide case-crossover study during 2007–2018
Authors: Garyfallos Konstantinoudis, Cosetta Minelli, Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, Joan Ballester, Antonio Gasparrini, Marta Blangiardo
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Background There is emerging evidence suggesting a link between ambient heat exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalisations. Individual and contextual characteristics can affect population vulnerabilities to COPD hospitalisation due to heat exposure. This study quantifies the effect of ambient heat on COPD hospitalisations and examines population vulnerabilities by age, sex and contextual characteristics. Methods Individual data on COPD hospitalisation at high geographical resolution (postcodes) during 2007–2018 in England was retrieved from the small area health statistics unit. Maximum temperature at 1 km ×1 km resolution was available from the UK Met Office. We employed a case-crossover study design and fitted Bayesian conditional Poisson regression models. We adjusted for relative humidity and national holidays, and examined effect modification by age, sex, green space, average temperature, deprivation and urbanicity. Results After accounting for confounding, we found 1.47% (95% Credible Interval (CrI) 1.19% to 1.73%) increase in the hospitalisation risk for every 1°C increase in temperatures above 23.2°C (lags 0–2 days). We reported weak evidence of an effect modification by sex and age. We found a strong spatial determinant of the COPD hospitalisation risk due to heat exposure, which was alleviated when we accounted for contextual characteristics. 1851 (95% CrI 1 576 to 2 079) COPD hospitalisations were associated with temperatures above 23.2°C annually. Conclusion Our study suggests that resources should be allocated to support the public health systems, for instance, through developing or expanding heat-health alerts, to challenge the increasing future heat-related COPD hospitalisation burden.
Abstract EP35: Longitudinal Lipidomic Profiling Of Left Ventricular Mass In American Indians: The Strong Heart Study
Authors: Mingjing Chen, Guanhong Miao, Wenjie Zeng, Mary J Roman, Elisa T Lee, Richard B Devereux, Barbara V Howard, Oliver Fiehn, Jinying Zhao
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for CVD. Left ventricular mass (LVM) is an independent predictor of heart failure and other cardiovascular events. It is unclear whether and how altered plasma lipidome (all lipids in a plasma sample) affects LVM. The relationship between longitudinal change in plasma lipidome and change in LVM is also unstudied in any racial/ethnic group. Objective: To identify molecular lipid species associated with LVM, independent of traditional risk factors. Methods: Using an untargeted LC-MS, we repeatedly measured 1,542 lipids in 3,162 fasting plasma samples collected at two time points (2001-2003, 2006-2009, mean 5.5 years apart) from 1,581 American Indians in the Strong Heart Family Study. All participants were free of overt CVD at both time points. LVM was measured by M-mode echocardiography and LVM index (LVMI) was calculated as LVM/height 2.7 . Lipids associated with LVMI were identified by generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, adjusting for age, sex, center, BMI, smoking, blood pressure, renal function, LDL-c, and diabetes. We first conducted the analysis at each time point, separately, and then combined the results by meta-analysis. The longitudinal association between change in lipids and change in LVMI was examined by GEE, adjusting for the same covariates plus baseline lipids and LVMI. Multiple testing was controlled by false discovery rate at 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 39.8 years (62.5% women) at baseline and 45.1 years at follow-up. We identified 325 lipids (125 known), largely fatty acyls, sterol lipids, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, and glycerophospholipids, significantly associated with LVMI at both time points. Longitudinal changes in 17 lipids, including glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids, were either positively (ORs: 1.09 -1.95) or negatively (ORs: 0.50 - 0.69) associated with change in LVMI over 5 years of follow-up. Changes in lipids explain up to 1.58% of the variability in the change of LVMI during follow-up. Additional adjustments for use of anti-hypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs did not change the results. Conclusion: Altered fasting plasma lipidome and its longitudinal change over time were significantly associated with LVMI beyond clinical factors and baseline lipids. Our results shed light on the mechanisms through which dyslipidemia may affect LV remodeling, thereby contributing to heart failure or other cardiovascular events.
Abstract 11771: Co-Morbid Amyloidosis Leads to Higher In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Analysis of National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Muhammad Almani, Muhammad Usman, Fareed Moses Collado, Annabelle Santos Volgman, Muhammad Ayub
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Amyloidosis is a common comorbidity in elderly patients with aortic stenosis (AS) referred for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We sought to determine the impact of amyloidosis on the clinical outcomes of TAVR. Methods: Data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2016 - 2018 database. The NIS was searched for adult patients who underwent TAVR during hospitalization with and without amyloidosis as a secondary diagnosis using ICD-10 codes. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes are shown in table 1. Periprocedural complications consisted of intra-operative hemorrhage, accidental rupture and laceration of a circulatory system organ, intra-operative cardiac functional disturbances, intra-operative cardiac functional disturbances and perioperative cerebrovascular infarction. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis were used accordingly to adjust for confounders. STATA software was used for analysis. Results: Of the148315 patients undergoing TAVR in 2016 - 2018, 150 (0.1%) had secondary diagnosis of amyloidosis. Mean age at the time of TAVR was comparable in both groups (79.4 years, 95% CI 76.5 - 82.3 vs. 79.6 years, 95% CI 79.5 - 79.8; p=0.865). There were 30% females in the amyloidosis group vs. 46% in the other group (p=0.081).The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for in-hospital mortality for patients undergoing TAVR with comorbid amyloidosis than those without amyloidosis was 4.77 (95% CI 1.06 - 21.49, p=0.042). Patients with amyloidosis had a similar mean difference in length of stay and total hospital charges. Comorbid amyloidosis was not associated with higher odds of peri-procedural cardiovascular complications (aOR: 1.18, 95% CI 0.36 - 3.82, p=0.786). Detailed outcomes are listed in table 1. Conclusions: Comorbid amyloidosis leads to higher inpatient mortality but similar rates of peri-procedural cardiovascular complications in patients undergoing TAVR.
Do JAK inhibitors affect immune response to COVID-19 vaccination? Data from the MAJIK-SFR Registry
Authors: Raphaèle Seror, Marine Camus, Jean-Hugues Salmon, Christian Roux, Emmanuelle Dernis, André Basch, Vincent Germain, Charles Leske, Steeve Brousseau, Marie-Elise Truchetet, André Ramon, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg, Renaud Felten, Fabienne Coury, Antoine Colombey, Clément Prati, Xavier Mariette, JérÔme Avouac
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2021)
Evidence Base on the Potential Carcinogenicity of Radiofrequency Radiation
Authors: Najmeh Jooyan, Seyed Mohammadjavad Mortazavi
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Mucin Expression and Splicing Determine Novel Subtypes and Patient Mortality in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Christopher M. Thompson, Andrew Cannon, Sean West, Dario Ghersi, Pranita Atri, Rakesh Bhatia, Lynette Smith, Satyayanarayana Rachagani, Christopher Wichman, Sushil Kumar, Surinder K. Batra
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy demonstrating aberrant and progressive expression of mucins. The contribution of individual mucins has been extensively investigated in PDAC; however, comprehensive mucin profiling including splice variants in PDAC tumors has not been reported. Experimental Design: Using publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets, we assess the expression of mucin family members and their splice variants (SV) in PDAC tumor samples for the first time. Mucin SVs that are correlated with PDAC patient survival are validated in a cohort of patient tumor samples. Further, we use computational methods to derive novel pancreatic tumor subtypes using mucin expression signatures and their associated activated pathways. Results: Principal component analysis identified four novel mucin-based PDAC subtypes. Pathway analysis implicated specific biological signatures for each subtype, labeled (i) immune activated, (ii) progressive, (iii) pancreatitis-initiated, and (iv) anti-inflammatory/PanIN-initiated. Assessing mucin SVs, significantly longer survival is observed with higher expression of 4 MUC1 and 1 MUC13 SVs, whereas patients expressing 2 MUC4 and 1 MUC16 SVs had shorter survival. Using a whole-transcriptome correlation, a three-gene panel, including ESRP2, PTK6, and MAGEH1, is designated to assess PDAC tumor sample cellularity by PCR. One MUC4 SV and one MUC13 SV are quantified in a separate PDAC patient cohort, and their effects on survival are experimentally validated. Conclusions: Altogether, we demonstrate the unique expression pattern of mucins, four mucin-based PDAC subtypes, and the contribution of MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16 SVs in PDAC patient survival.
Meet the First Authors
Authors: Mathias Hohl, Jan Wintrich, Sabrina Robichaud
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

As a principle investigator within the SFB-TRR219, his research focuses on mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias in chronic kidney disease and the impact of the sympathetic nervous system on pro-arrhythmic remodeling processes.He aims to elucidate the role of renal nerve activation in CKD-associated cardiovascular disease and the development of malignant arrhythmias.Aside from research, he spends time with family and friends, and enjoys Pittsburgh Steelers football.
Abstract P086: Endothelial Dysfunction Markers And Incident Chronic Kidney Disease In The Regards Cohort
Authors: Samuel Short, Katherine Wilkinson, Leann Long, Deidra Crews, Orlando M Gutierrez, Marguerite M Irvin, Marsha Wheeler, Mary Cushman, Katharine L Cheung
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Much of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unexplained by traditional risk factors. Endothelial dysfunction is highly prevalent in CKD and may be a potential target for reducing CKD incidence or progression. We sought to determine the association of plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction with incident CKD in a large prospective cohort. Methods: REGARDS is a prospective population-based cohort of 30,239 Black and White US adults aged ≥45. Baseline biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (plasma factor VIII, E-selectin, intercellular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)) were measured in individuals without CKD who attended a second visit a median of 9.4 years after baseline. Incident CKD was defined as eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73m 2 and a decline of 40%. We used sequential logistic regression models adjusted for confounders to assess associations and tested for interactions by each of age, sex, race, and diabetes. Results: After exclusions, we studied 3,300 participants (median age 62, 49% women, 46% Black, 50% hypertensive, 15% diabetic). 228 (6.9%) developed CKD by the second visit. Substantial interactions were observed for several markers, so stratified analyses were presented (Table). In minimally adjusted models, independent positive associations with CKD were seen with higher levels of each marker: factor VIII in White non-diabetics, E-selectin in women &lt;65 years, ICAM-1 in all participants, and VCAM-1 in White men and women (Table). Final adjustment attenuated associations in some groups, but not all. Among the above minimally adjusted results, all associations remained independent after final adjustment except models for VCAM-1; trends for increased CKD with higher VCAM-1 were apparent in White women and Black men, but these were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Several plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction were highly relevant to CKD incidence in important subgroups, which may reveal insights into reducing the burden of CKD.
MAVE-NN: learning genotype-phenotype maps from multiplex assays of variant effect
Authors: Ammar Tareen, Mahdi Kooshkbaghi, Anna Posfai, William T. Ireland, David M. McCandlish, Justin B. Kinney
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Multiplex assays of variant effect (MAVEs) are a family of methods that includes deep mutational scanning experiments on proteins and massively parallel reporter assays on gene regulatory sequences. Despite their increasing popularity, a general strategy for inferring quantitative models of genotype-phenotype maps from MAVE data is lacking. Here we introduce MAVE-NN, a neural-network-based Python package that implements a broadly applicable information-theoretic framework for learning genotype-phenotype maps-including biophysically interpretable models-from MAVE datasets. We demonstrate MAVE-NN in multiple biological contexts, and highlight the ability of our approach to deconvolve mutational effects from otherwise confounding experimental nonlinearities and noise.
Is Delayed Image of 18F-FDG PET/CT Necessary for Mediastinal Lymph Node Staging in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients?
Authors: Sang Woo Lee, Seong-Jang Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of dual-time-point (DTP) 18 F-FDG PET/CT for detection of mediastinal lymph node (LN) metastasis in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Patients and Methods The PubMed, Cochrane database, and EMBASE database, from the earliest available date of indexing through October 31, 2021, were searched for studies evaluating diagnostic performance of DTP 18 F-FDG PET/CT for detection of metastatic mediastinal LN in NSCLC patients. We determined the sensitivities and specificities across studies, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic curves. Results Ten studies (758 patients) were included in the current study. In patient-based analysis, early image showed a sensitivity of 0.76 and a specificity of 0.75. Delayed image revealed a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.71. In LN-based analysis, early image showed a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.83. Delayed image revealed a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.87. Retention index or %ΔSUV max is superior to early or delayed images of DTP 18 F-FDG PET/CT for detection of mediastinal LN metastasis. Conclusions Dual-time-point 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed a good diagnostic performances for detection of metastatic mediastinal LNs in NSCLC patients. Early and delayed images of DTP 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed similar diagnostic accuracies for LN metastasis. However, retention index or %ΔSUV max is superior to early or delayed images of DTP 18 F-FDG PET/CT for detection of mediastinal LN metastasis in NSCLC patients. Further large multicenter studies would be necessary to substantiate the diagnostic accuracy of DTP 18 F-FDG PET/CT for mediastinal LN staging in NSCLC patients.
Myocardium-targeted transplantation of PHD2 shRNA-modified bone mesenchymal stem cells through ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction protects the heart from acute myocardial infarction: Erratum
Authors: Zhenxing Sun, Yuji Xie, Robert J. Lee, Yihan Chen, Qiaofeng Jin, Qing Lv, Jing Wang, Yali Yang, Yuman Li, Yu Cai, Rui Wang, Zhengyang Han, Li Zhang, Mingxing Xie
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.43233.].
Grid-cell modules remain coordinated when neural activity is dissociated from external sensory cues
Authors: Torgeir Waaga, Haggai Agmon, Valentin A. Normand, Anne Nagelhus, Richard J. Gardner, May-Britt Moser, Edvard I. Moser, Yoram Burak
Journal: Neuron (2022)

The representation of an animal's position in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is distributed across several modules of grid cells, each characterized by a distinct spatial scale. The population activity within each module is tightly coordinated and preserved across environments and behavioral states. Little is known, however, about the coordination of activity patterns across modules. We analyzed the joint activity patterns of hundreds of grid cells simultaneously recorded in animals that were foraging either in the light, when sensory cues could stabilize the representation, or in darkness, when such stabilization was disrupted. We found that the states of different modules are tightly coordinated, even in darkness, when the internal representation of position within the MEC deviates substantially from the true position of the animal. These findings suggest that internal brain mechanisms dynamically coordinate the representation of position in different modules, ensuring that they jointly encode a coherent and smooth trajectory.
Orbital Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Rebecca F Silverman, Nickisa Hodgson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

A 21-year-old man presented with rigors and right-eye pain and swelling after an assault. There was swelling and dusky discoloration of the eyelid, decreased visual acuity, and elevated intraocular pressure. He underwent surgical débridement, and the intraoperative findings indicated orbital necrotizing fasciitis.
Macrophages transfer mitochondria to sensory neurons to resolve inflammatory pain
Authors: Michiel van der Vlist, Ramin Raoof, Hanneke L.D.M. Willemen, Judith Prado, Sabine Versteeg, Christian Martin Gil, Martijn Vos, Roeland E. Lokhorst, R. Jeroen Pasterkamp, Toshiyuki Kojima, Hajime Karasuyama, William Khoury-Hanold, Linde Meyaard, Niels Eijkelkamp
Journal: Neuron (2021)

The current paradigm is that inflammatory pain passively resolves following the cessation of inflammation. Yet, in a substantial proportion of patients with inflammatory diseases, resolution of inflammation is not sufficient to resolve pain, resulting in chronic pain. Mechanistic insight into how inflammatory pain is resolved is lacking. Here, we show that macrophages actively control resolution of inflammatory pain remotely from the site of inflammation by transferring mitochondria to sensory neurons. During resolution of inflammatory pain in mice, M2-like macrophages infiltrate the dorsal root ganglia that contain the somata of sensory neurons, concurrent with the recovery of oxidative phosphorylation in sensory neurons. The resolution of pain and the transfer of mitochondria requires expression of CD200 receptor (CD200R) on macrophages and the non-canonical CD200R-ligand iSec1 on sensory neurons. Our data reveal a novel mechanism for active resolution of inflammatory pain.