tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of experimental neointimal hyperplasia and thrombosis depends on the type of vascular injury and the site of drug administration.
Authors: CRogers, M JKarnovsky, E REdelman
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDHeparin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in tissue culture and limits neointimal hyperplasia after experimental arterial injury but has been ineffective in reducing clinical restenosis. We examined how this discrepancy might reflect suboptimal drug-tissue interactions and/or differences in the vascular response to injury.METHODS AND RESULTSIntravenous infusion was compared with local administration of heparin to injured rabbit iliac arteries either from drug-impregnated polymeric controlled release matrices in the perivascular space or from drug-releasing endovascular stents. Occlusive thrombosis, seen in 42% of control stent-bearing arteries, and partial thrombosis were virtually eliminated by heparin delivery from any route. Intimal area 14 days after balloon withdrawal denudation alone was reduced to an equal extent by continuous systemic heparin or by perivascular heparin for the first 3 days. In contrast, endovascular stents produced more exuberant neointimal hyperplasia, ...
Fluid dynamics of coronary artery stenosis.
Authors: R EMates, R LGupta, A CBell, F JKlocke
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

A large-scale model of the coronary circulation, instrumented to permit detailed pressure and velocity measurements, has been used to study flow through isolated stenotic elements in large coronary arteries. Pulsatile aortic and instantaneous peripheral resistance were stimulated with servovalves. A variety of axisymmetric and asymmetric stenoses were studied and flow separation was found to occur for all but very mild stenoses. Pressure recovery downstream of the stenosis throat was limited and, in some cases, no recovery was observed. Pressure drop was primarily dependent upon the minimum area of the stenosis and relatively independent of stenosis geometry. Flow was quasi-steady at normal heart rates, and simple steady flow theory proved adequate to describe the pressure drop through the stenosis. The theory yielded results that agreed well with published data for dogs and appears promising for predicting effects of hemodynamic variables on a given stenotic lesion. Thus, principal findings of the study ...
Effects of short-term, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia on systemic hemodynamics, myocardial blood flow, and infarct size in awake dogs with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: SSakamoto, MKashiki, NImai, C SLiang, W BHood
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDShort-term cholesterol feeding has been shown to affect vasomotor tone and increase infarct size in anesthetized rabbits. The purpose of the study was to determine whether acute hypercholesterolemia reduced collateral flow to ischemic myocardium and increased infarct size in the awake dog.METHODS AND RESULTSAcute myocardial infarction was produced in awake dogs by a 4-hour left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 6-hour reperfusion after either a cholesterol-supplemented diet (n = 14) or a control diet of dog chow (n = 15) for 10 days. Infarct size was determined using nitroblue tetrazolium staining. In two subgroups, a 15-minute transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery was produced before the diet treatments and was compared with occlusion after diet treatments, so that the effects of hypercholesterolemia of collateral flow could be determined by paired comparisons. Cholesterol feeding increased plasma cholesterol to 288 +/- 52 mg/dl, which was t...
Effects of purines and pyrimidines on the rat mesenteric arterial bed.
Authors: VRalevic, GBurnstock
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The effects of the purines, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP), and the pyrimidines, uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP), and thymidine 5'-triphosphate (TTP), on vascular resistance were investigated in the rat mesenteric arterial bed. In preparations at basal tone, these agents produced dose-related vasoconstriction with a potency order of ATP greater than CTP greater than UTP much greater than TTP = GTP. When tone was raised with norepinephrine (30 microM), these agents caused dose-related vasodilatation with the potency order of UTP = ATP greater than TTP = GTP. CTP did not elicit vasodilatation. Removal of the endothelium with sodium deoxycholate resulted in an increased responsiveness of the mesenteric bed preparation to the vasoconstrictor effects of each of the purines and pyrimidines tested. The selective P2 X-purinoceptor-desensitizing agent alpha,beta-methylene ATP inhibited vasoconstrictor responses to ATP and to CTP but had no effect o...
Prospective and Multicenter Evaluation of the Impact Of Eus-Guided Gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) On The Quality Of Life Of Patients With Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction (GOO)
Authors: FJ Garcia Alonso, V Martín-Álvarez, C Chavarria, JR Aparicio, B Martinez-Moreno, JC Subtil, JJ Vila, V Busto Bea, C de la Serna-Higuera, M Perez-Miranda
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims EUS-guided gastroenterostomy is emerging as an alternative for GOO. To date no studies have assessed the effect of EUS-GE on patients’ quality of life (QoL).
Cyclophosphamide loaded thermo-responsive hydrogel system synergize with a hydrogel cancer vaccine to amplify cancer immunotherapy in a prime-boost manner
Authors: Fan Yang, Kun Shi, Ying Hao, Yanpeng Jia, Qingya Liu, Yu Chen, Meng Pan, Liping Yuan, Yongyang Yu, Zhiyong Qian
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Although neoantigen-based cancer vaccines show great potential in cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to induce effective and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity, their development is hindered by the limitations of neoantigens identification, low immunogenicity, and weak immune response. Cyclophosphamide (CTX) not only directly kills tumors but also causes immunogenic cell death, providing a promising source of antigens for cancer vaccines. Herein, a combined immunotherapy strategy based on temperature-sensitive PLEL hydrogel is designed. First, CTX-loaded hydrogel is injected intratumorally into CT26 bearing mice to prime anti-tumor immunity, and then 3 days later, PLEL hydrogels loaded with CpG and tumor lysates are subcutaneously injected into both groins to further promote anti-tumor immune responses. The results confirm that this combined strategy reduces the toxicity of CTX, and produces the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to effectively inhibit tumor growth, prolong survival, and significantly improve the tumor cure rate. Moreover, a long-lasting immune memory response is observed in the mice. About 90% of the cured mice survive for at least 60 days after being re-inoculated with tumors, and the distant tumor growth is also well inhibited. Hence, this PLEL-based combination therapy may provide a promising reference for the clinical promotion of chemotherapy combined with cancer vaccines.
Body surface potential mapping of ST segment changes in acute myocardial infarction. Implications for ECG enrollment criteria for thrombolytic therapy.
Authors: FKornreich, T JMontague, P MRautaharju
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDSeveral large, randomized clinical trials have shown that early thrombolytic therapy substantially reduces early mortality after acute myocardial infarction (MI). In most trials, eligibility criteria include typical chest pain and diagnostic ST segment elevation in two or more contiguous leads of the standard 12-lead ECG. Unfortunately, large areas of the thoracic surface are left unexplored by the standard electrode positions. As a consequence, acute MI patients with ST elevation in regions not interrogated by the conventional electrodes may not receive reperfusion therapy and its attendant benefits.METHODS AND RESULTSThe present study compares 120-lead body surface potential map (BSPM) data from 131 patients with acute MI and 159 normal control subjects (N). The MI population was stratified according to the location of ventricular wall motion abnormalities evidenced by radionuclide imaging into 76 patients with anterior MI (AMI), 32 patients with inferior MI (IMI), and 23 patients with posteri...
Ischemic preconditioning slows energy metabolism and delays ultrastructural damage during a sustained ischemic episode.
Authors: C EMurry, V JRichard, K AReimer, R BJennings
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We have shown previously that preconditioning myocardium with four 5-minute episodes of ischemia and reperfusion dramatically limited the size of infarcts caused by a subsequent 40-minute episode of sustained ischemia. The current study was undertaken to assess whether the same preconditioning protocol slowed the loss of high energy phosphates, limited catabolite accumulation, and/or delayed ultrastructural damage during a sustained ischemic episode. Myocardial metabolites and ultrastructure in the severely ischemic subendocardial regions were compared between control and preconditioned canine hearts. Hearts (four to 10 per group) were excised after 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 minutes of sustained ischemia. All groups had comparable collateral blood flow. Preconditioned hearts developed ultrastructural injury more slowly than controls; evidence of irreversible injury was observed after 20 minutes in controls but not until 40 minutes in preconditioned hearts. Furthermore, after 40 minutes of ischemia, irreversible...
Molecular cloning of human angiotensinogen cDNA and evidence for the presence of its mRNA in rat heart.
Authors: S PKunapuli, AKumar
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Human angiotensinogen cDNA clone was isolated from a liver cDNA library using a 32-nucleotide-long, synthetic oligonucleotide. The cDNA insert was 1,030 bp long and coded for the secretory and biologically active angiotensin II regions of the angiotensinogen molecule. The RNA from rat liver, brain, and heart was analyzed by the Northern hybridization procedure using nick translated angiotensinogen cDNA as a probe. In addition to liver, the angiotensinogen mRNA is present in the brain and the heart. The angiotensinogen mRNA in the heart is at least fourfold to fivefold more abundant as compared with the liver. We also provide evidence that angiotensinogen mRNA is present in the rat atria and right ventricle but not detectable in the left ventricle. The size of the angiotensinogen mRNA is the same from all three of the tissues, as judged by their electrophoretic mobilities.
Management of Women With Acquired Cardiovascular Disease From Pre-Conception Through Pregnancy and Postpartum
Authors: Ki Park, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Natalie A. Bello, Melinda Davis, Claire Duvernoy, Islam Y. Elgendy, Keith C. Ferdinand, Afshan Hameed, Dipti Itchhaporia, Margo B. Minissian, Harmony Reynolds, Puja Mehta, Andrea M. Russo, Rashmee U. Shah, Annabelle Santos Volgman, Janet Wei, Nanette K. Wenger, Carl J. Pepine, Kathryn J. Lindley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Prenatal and prepubertal exposures to tobacco smoke in men may cause lower lung function in future offspring: a three-generation study using a causal modelling approach
Authors: Simone Accordini, Lucia Calciano, Ane Johannessen, Bryndis Benediktsdóttir, Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen, Lennart Bråbäck, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Bertil Forsberg, Francisco Gómez Real, John W. Holloway, Mathias Holm, Christer Janson, Nils O. Jõgi, Rain Jõgi, Andrei Malinovschi, Alessandro Marcon, Jesús Martínez-Moratalla Rovira, José Luis Sánchez-Ramos, Vivi Schlünssen, Kjell Torén, Deborah Jarvis, Cecilie Svanes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Mechanistic research suggests that lifestyle and environmental factors impact respiratory health across generations by epigenetic changes transmitted through male germ cells. Evidence from studies on humans is very limited. We investigated multigeneration causal associations to estimate the causal effects of tobacco smoking on lung function within the paternal line. We analysed data from 383 adult offspring (age 18–47 years; 52.0% female) and their 274 fathers, who had participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS)/Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study and had provided valid measures of pre-bronchodilator lung function. Two counterfactual-based, multilevel mediation models were developed with: paternal grandmothers’ smoking in pregnancy and fathers’ smoking initiation in prepuberty as exposures; fathers’ forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC), or FEV 1 /FVC z-scores as potential mediators (proxies of unobserved biological mechanisms that are true mediators); and offspring's FEV 1 and FVC, or FEV 1 /FVC z-scores as outcomes. All effects were summarised as differences (Δ) in expected z-scores related to fathers’ and grandmothers’ smoking history. Fathers’ smoking initiation in prepuberty had a negative direct effect on both offspring's FEV 1 (Δz-score –0.36, 95% CI −0.63– −0.10) and FVC (−0.50, 95% CI −0.80– −0.20) compared with fathers’ never smoking. Paternal grandmothers’ smoking in pregnancy had a negative direct effect on fathers’ FEV 1 /FVC (−0.57, 95% CI −1.09– −0.05) and a negative indirect effect on offspring's FEV 1 /FVC (−0.12, 95% CI −0.21– −0.03) compared with grandmothers’ not smoking before fathers’ birth nor during fathers’ childhood. Fathers’ smoking in prepuberty and paternal grandmothers’ smoking in pregnancy may cause lower lung function in offspring. Our results support the concept that lifestyle-related exposures during these susceptibility periods influence the health of future generations.
Multivariate genetic analysis of blood pressure and body size. The Medical College of Virginia Twin Study.
Authors: R MSchieken, MMosteller, M MGoble, W BMoskowitz, J KHewitt, L JEaves, W ENance
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDIn subjects of all ages, those who weigh the most often have the highest blood pressure. Thus, in epidemiological studies, weight is the most important correlate of blood pressure. Using the data from the Medical College of Virginia Twin Study, we asked these questions: 1) Do the same genetic paths that regulate body size also regulate systolic and diastolic blood pressure? 2) Are there distinct genetic pathways that regulate each of these variables? 3) Does environment play a major regulatory role? 4) Are the correlations among these variables mainly due to genetic or environmental effects? 5) Do genetic paths that regulate body size mediate the correlation between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure?METHODS AND RESULTSWe ascertained 253 Caucasian twin pairs living in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The average age was 11.2 +/- 0.2 years. We used multivariate path analyses to investigate the genetic relations among systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and body size....
Platelets from spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibit decreased expression of inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. Relation with adenylyl cyclase activity.
Authors: M BAnand-Srivastava
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

We have recently demonstrated an enhanced expression of inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (Gi) in the heart and aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as compared with control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats; this enhanced Gi expression was associated with an increased inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by inhibitory hormones and decreased stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by stimulatory hormones. In the present studies, we have determined the levels of stimulatory and inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (Gs and Gi, respectively) in platelets from SHR by cholera toxin- and pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylations, respectively, as well as by immunoblotting techniques using specific antibodies for Gs and Gi. Cholera toxin catalyzed the ADP-ribosylation of a single protein of M(r) 45,000 in rat platelets from SHR and WKY rats, and the labeling of this band was not altered in SHR as compared with WKY rats. Pertussis toxin, on the other hand, catalyzed the ADP-ribosylation of a sin...
Automated impedance-based energy adjustment for defibrillation: experimental studies.
Authors: R EKerber, DMcPherson, FCharbonnier, RKieso, PHite
Journal: Circulation (1985)

In defibrillation, current flow depends on the energy selected and the transthoracic impedance. If transthoracic impedance is high, current flow may be inadequate to defibrillate. We developed a method by which high transthoracic impedance is automatically compensated for by an increase in operator-selected energy when impedance is high. Transthoracic impedance was predicted in advance of the first shock by passing a low-level current between the defibrillator electrodes during the defibrillator charge cycle; a microprocessor monitored current flow and determined impedance. In 28 mongrel dogs we manipulated transthoracic impedance by placing glycerin-soaked gauze pads between the paddle electrodes and the chest. If the predicted impedance exceeded a preset value, the delivered energy was automatically increased by 40% or 100%. Using this impedance-based energy adjustment technique, we found significant improvements in current flow and success rate of shocks when energy was automatically increased to compe...
The Autopsy: Obtaining Quality Assurance of Treatment
Authors: M. S. Salamat
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2001)

While we hope that one day all of our patients with CNS tumors will be cured, we must not lose sight that still much is to be learned about these tumors and their therapies.In this respect, the ultimate method of quality assurance, the autopsy, should not be forgotten.Regrettably, in recent years, there seems to have been an inverse relation between multiple methods of imaging, biopsying and resecting, classifying and grading, and treating CNS tumors and the percentage of tumor patients who end up having an autopsy.For most of us, experience in postmortem evaluation of treated CNS tumors can only be summarized in anecdotal recounts, rather than through experience with this additional scientific approach that can determine the effects of therapies that we provide.A real understanding of tumor response to therapy is achieved only if we all make a
Luminal narrowing after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A study of clinical, procedural, and lesional factors related to long-term angiographic outcome. Coronary Artery Restenosis Prevention on Repeated Thromboxane Antagonism (CARPORT) Study Group.
Authors: B JRensing, W RHermans, JVos, J GTijssen, WRutch, NDanchin, G RHeyndrickx, E GMast, WWijns, P WSerruys
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThe renarrowing process after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is now believed to be caused by a response-to-injury vessel wall reaction. The magnitude of this process can be assessed by the change in minimal lumen diameter (MLD) at follow-up angiography. The aim of the present study was to find independent patient-related, lesion-related, and procedure-related risk factors for this luminal narrowing process. A model that accurately predicts the amount of luminal narrowing could be an aid in patient or lesion selection for the procedure, and it could improve assessment of medium-term (6 months) prognosis. Modification or control of the identified risk factors could reduce overall restenosis rates, and it could assist in the selection of patients at risk for a large loss in lumen diameter. This population could then constitute the target population for pharmacological intervention studies.METHODS AND RESULTSQuantitative angiography was performed on 666 successfully...
Outcome prediction in terms of functional disability and mortality at 1 year among ICU-admitted severe stroke patients : a prospective epidemiological study in the south of the European Union (Evascan Project, Andalusia, Spain).
Authors: (Pedro) Navarrete-Navarro, Rivera-Fernandez (Ricardo), Lopez-Mutuberria, Galindo (Inmaculada)
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2003)
Design of PD-1-decorated nanocages targeting tumor-draining lymph node for promoting T cell activation
Authors: Gi Beom Kim, Hyo-Dong Sung, Gi-Hoon Nam, Wonjun Kim, Seohyun Kim, Dayeon Kang, Eun Jung Lee, In-San Kim
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2021)

Targeted delivery of immunomodulatory molecules to the lymph nodes is an attractive means of improving the efficacy of anti-cancer immunotherapy. In this study, to improve the efficacy of PD-1 blockade-based therapy, nanocages were designed by surface engineering to decorate a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) that is capable of binding against programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and -ligand 2 (PD-L2). This nanocage-mediated multivalent interaction remarkably increases the binding affinity and improves the antagonistic activity compared to free soluble PD-1. In addition, with the desirable nanocage size for optimal tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) targeting (approximately 20 nm), rapid draining and increased accumulation into the TDLNs were observed. Moreover, the interference of the PD-1/PD-L axis with ultra-high affinity in the tumor microenvironment (effector phase) and the TDLNs (cognitive phase) significantly enhances the dendritic cell-mediated tumor-specific T cell activation. This characteristic successfully inhibited tumor growth and induced complete tumor eradication in some mice. Thus, the delivery of immunomodulatory molecules with nanocages can be a highly efficient strategy to achieve stronger anti-tumor immunity.
Chronotropic responsiveness of developing sinoatrial and ventricular rat myocytes to autonomic agonists following adrenergic and cholinergic innervation in vitro.
Authors: D LAtkins, W JMarvin
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The chronotropic responses of isolated sinoatrial node and ventricular muscle cells to neurotransmitters were compared in vitro with and without selective adrenergic and cholinergic innervation. Explants of either thoracolumbar sympathetic ganglion or sacrococcygeal spinal cord were added to cultures of newborn rat sinus node regions or ventricular apexes harvested before the onset of autonomic innervation in vivo. Catecholamine synthesis was detected by glyoxylic acid histofluorescence. Acetylcholine synthesis was indicated by monoclonal antibody labeling of choline acetyltransferase. After electrical or pharmacological stimulation of neurons, the chronotropic response of individual myocardial cells confirmed the presence of neuroeffector transmission; the nature of the myocyte response identified the stimulated neuron as either adrenergic or cholinergic. Chronotropic responses of all myocardial cells to norepinephrine or acetylcholine were transcribed on a recorder coupled to a video photoconductive cel...
Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine
Authors: Albert B. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE RECENT REPORTS of Takahashi and his associates<sup>1-6</sup>in Japan on the effectiveness and innocuity of a live, attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine call for an examination of the nature and magnitude of the disease problem to be prevented and of the other factors on which a decision to use such a vaccine must be based. The virus that causes chickenpox (varicella) and its sequela, herpes zoster, is one of the most contagious viruses and sooner or later infects everyone in the world. Primary infection usually results in the typical disease that varies in severity from a mild febrile illness with its characteristic vesicular eruption, to a more severe disease with pneumonia, encephalopathy, encephalitis, a variety of other complications, and occasionally, death. If the data reported for 1952 to 1961 in Massachusetts<sup>7</sup>apply currently for the entire United States, 90.5% of the primary disease occurs in children under 10