tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Dietary Niacin and New-Onset Hypertension Among Chinese Adults
Authors: Zhuxian Zhang, Mengyi Liu, Chun Zhou, Panpan He, Yuanyuan Zhang, Huan Li, Qinqin Li, Chengzhang Liu, Xianhui Qin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

The relationship of dietary niacin intake with the risk of hypertension remains unknown.To determine the prospective association between dietary niacin intake and new-onset hypertension, and examine factors that may modify the association among Chinese adults.This nationwide cohort study of 12 243 Chinese adults used dietary intake data from 7 rounds of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls from participants in combination with a weighing inventory taken over the same 3 days at the household level. Statistical analysis was conducted from May 2020 to August 2020.Dietary intake.The study outcome was new-onset hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater and/or diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, diagnosis by physician, or current antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up.The mean (SD) age of the study population was 41.2 (14.2) years, and 5728 (46.8%) of participants were men. The mean (SD) dietary niacin intake level was 14.8 (4.1) mg/d. A total of 4306 participants developed new-onset hypertension during a median (interquartile range) follow-up duration of 6.1 (3.6-11.3) years. When dietary niacin was assessed in quartiles, the lowest risk of new-onset hypertension was found in participants in quartile 3 (14.3 to <16.7 mg/d; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.90) compared with those in quartile 1 (<12.4 mg/d). Consistently in the threshold analysis, for every 1 mg/d increase in dietary niacin, there was a 2% decrease in new-onset hypertension (adjusted HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.00) in those with dietary niacin intake less than 15.6 mg/d, and a 3% increase in new-onset hypertension (adjusted HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.04) in participants with dietary niacin 15.6 mg/d or greater. Based on these results, there was a J-shaped association between dietary niacin intake and new-onset hypertension in the general population of Chinese adults, with an inflection point at 15.6 mg/d and a minimal risk at 14.3 to 16.7 mg/d (quartile 3) of dietary niacin intake.The results of this study provide some evidence for maintaining the optimal dietary niacin intake levels for the primary prevention of hypertension.
Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Among Older Breast Cancer Survivors in the United States: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Anthony A. Matthews, Sharon Peacock Hinton, Susannah Stanway, Alexander R. Lyon, Liam Smeeth, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Jennifer L. Lund
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Background: It has been suggested that cardiovascular risks are increased in breast cancer survivors, but few studies have quantified the risks of a range of specific clinically important cardiovascular outcomes in detail. Patients and Methods: Women aged &gt;65 years with incident breast cancer from 2004 to 2013 in the SEER-Medicare linked database were matched with 5 cancer-free female counterparts (5:1 ratio). Prevalence of specific cardiovascular outcomes at baseline was measured, then Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of individual cardiovascular outcomes during follow-up. Modification of the effect was investigated by time since diagnosis, race/ethnicity, prior cardiovascular disease (CVD), and age. Results: In all, 91,473 women with breast cancer and 454,197 without breast cancer were included. Women with breast cancer had lower baseline prevalence of all CVDs. Compared with cancer-free controls, breast cancer survivors had substantially increased risks of deep vein thrombosis (adjusted HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.62–1.73; 386,484 person-years of follow-up) and pericarditis (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.38–1.49; 390,776 person-years of follow-up); evidence of smaller increased risks of sudden cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, heart failure, and valvular heart disease (adjusted HRs ranging from 1.05–1.09, lower CI limits all ≥1); and evidence of lower risk of incident angina, myocardial infarction, revascularization, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke (adjusted HRs ranging from 0.89–0.98, upper CI limits all ≤1). Increased risks of arrhythmia, heart failure, pericarditis, and deep vein thrombosis persisted &gt;5 years after cancer diagnosis. Conclusions: Women with a history of breast cancer were at increased risk of several CVDs, persisting into survivorship. Monitoring and managing cardiovascular risk throughout the long-term follow-up of women diagnosed with breast cancer should be a priority.
Impact of Telemedicine on Patient Satisfaction and Perceptions of Care Quality in Radiation Oncology
Authors: Narek Shaverdian, Erin F. Gillespie, Elaine Cha, Soo Young Kim, Stephanie Benvengo, Fumiko Chino, Jung Julie Kang, Yuelin Li, Thomas M. Atkinson, Nancy Lee, Charles M. Washington, Oren Cahlon, Daniel R. Gomez
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed cancer care with the rapid expansion of telemedicine, but given the limited use of telemedicine in oncology, concerns have been raised about the quality of care being delivered. We assessed the patient experience with telemedicine in routine radiation oncology practice to determine satisfaction, quality of care, and opportunities for optimization. Patients and Methods: Patients seen within a multistate comprehensive cancer center for prepandemic office visits and intrapandemic telemedicine visits in December 2019 through June 2020 who completed patient experience questionnaires were evaluated. Patient satisfaction between office and telemedicine consultations were compared, patient visit-type preferences were assessed, and factors associated with an office visit preference were determined. Results: In total, 1,077 patients were assessed (office visit, n=726; telemedicine, n=351). The telemedicine-consult survey response rate was 40%. No significant differences were seen in satisfaction scores between office and telemedicine consultations, including the appointment experience versus expectation, quality of physician’s explanation, and level of physician concern and friendliness. Among telemedicine survey respondents, 45% and 34% preferred telemedicine and office visits, respectively, and 21% had no preference for their visit type. Most respondents found their confidence in their physician (90%), understanding of the treatment plan (88%), and confidence in their treatment (87%) to be better or no different than with an office visit. Patients with better performance status and who were married/partnered were more likely to prefer in-person office visit consultations (odds ratio [OR], 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00–1.08]; P =.047, and 2.41 [95% CI, 1.14–5.47]; P =.009, respectively). Patients with telephone-only encounters were more likely to report better treatment plan understanding with an office visit (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.00–4.77; P =.04). Conclusions: This study is the first to assess telemedicine in routine radiation oncology practice, and found high patient satisfaction and confidence in their care. Optimization of telemedicine in oncology should be a priority, specifically access to audiovisual capabilities that can improve patient–oncologist communication.
Disome-seq reveals widespread ribosome collisions that promote cotranslational protein folding
Authors: Taolan Zhao, Yan-Ming Chen, Yu Li, Jia Wang, Siyu Chen, Ning Gao, Wenfeng Qian
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Abstract Background The folding of proteins is challenging in the highly crowded and sticky environment of a cell. Regulation of translation elongation may play a crucial role in ensuring the correct folding of proteins. Much of our knowledge regarding translation elongation comes from the sequencing of mRNA fragments protected by single ribosomes by ribo-seq. However, larger protected mRNA fragments have been observed, suggesting the existence of an alternative and previously hidden layer of regulation. Results In this study, we performed disome-seq to sequence mRNA fragments protected by two stacked ribosomes, a product of translational pauses during which the 5′-elongating ribosome collides with the 3′-paused one. We detected widespread ribosome collisions that are related to slow ribosome release when stop codons are at the A-site, slow peptide bond formation from proline, glycine, asparagine, and cysteine when they are at the P-site, and slow leaving of polylysine from the exit tunnel of ribosomes. The structure of disomes obtained by cryo-electron microscopy suggests a different conformation from the substrate of the ribosome-associated protein quality control pathway. Collisions occurred more frequently in the gap regions between α-helices, where a translational pause can prevent the folding interference from the downstream peptides. Paused or collided ribosomes are associated with specific chaperones, which can aid in the cotranslational folding of the nascent peptides. Conclusions Therefore, cells use regulated ribosome collisions to ensure protein homeostasis.
OA03.08 Trilaciclib Reduces the Need for Growth Factors and Red Blood Cell Transfusions to Manage Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression
Authors: G. Purkalne, R. Ferrarotto, I. Anderson, B. Medgyasszay, M.R. García-Campelo, W. Edenfield, T. Feinstein, J. Johnson, S. Kalmadi, P. Lammers, G. Purkalne, A.S. Hernandez, Y. Pritchett, R.K. Malik, S.R. Morris, T. Csőszi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Possible tumour cell reimplantation during curative endoscopic therapy of superficial Barrett’s carcinoma
Authors: Hanno Ehlken, Rüdiger Schmitz, Sabine Riethdorf, Lutz Riethdorf, Jenny Krause, Karl-Frederick Karstens, Jörg Schrader, Fabrice Viol, Anastasios Giannou, William Sterlacci, Michael Vieth, Till Clauditz, Christian Kähler, Oliver Mann, Jakob R Izbicki, Samuel Huber, Klaus Pantel, Thomas Rösch
Journal: Gut (2021)

Background and aims Endoscopic resection has been established as curative therapy for superficial cancer arising from Barrett’s oesophagus (BE); recurrences are very rare. Based on a case series with unusual and massive early recurrences, we analyse the issue of tumour cell reimplantation. Methods This hypothesis was developed on the basis of two out of seven patients treated by circumferential (n=6) or nearly circumferential (n=1) en bloc and R0 endoscopic resection of T1 neoplastic BE. Subsequently, a prospective histocytological analysis of endoscope channels and accessories was performed in 2 phases (cytohistological analysis; test for cell viability) in 22 different oesophageal carcinoma patients undergoing endoscopy. Finally, cultures from two oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines were incubated with different triamcinolone concentrations (0.625–10 mg/mL); cell growth was determined on a Multiwell plate reader. Results Cancer regrowth in the two suspicious cases (male, 78/71 years) occurred 7 and 1 months, respectively, after curative tumour resection. Subsequent surgery showed advanced tumours (T2) with lymph node metastases; one patient died. On cytohistological examinations of channels and accessories, suspicious/neoplastic cells were found in 4/10 superficial and in all 5 advanced cancers. Further analyses in seven further advanced adenocarcinoma cases showed viable cells in two channel washing specimens. Finally, cell culture experiments demonstrated enhanced tumour cell growth by triamcinolone after 24 hours compared with controls. Conclusions Tumour cell reimplanation from contaminated endoscopes and accessories is a possible cause of local recurrence after curative endoscopic therapy for superficial Barrett carcinoma; also, corticosteroid injection could have promoted tumour regrowth in these cases.
GM-CSF instigates a dendritic cell–T-cell inflammatory circuit that drives chronic asthma development
Authors: Samuel Philip Nobs, Lea Pohlmeier, Fengqi Li, Merve Kayhan, Burkhard Becher, Manfred Kopf
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

Steroid-resistant asthma is often characterized by high levels of neutrophils and mixed TH2/TH17 immune profiles. Indeed, neutrophils are key drivers of chronic lung inflammation in multiple respiratory diseases. Their numbers correlate strongly with disease severity, and their presence is often associated with exacerbation of chronic lung inflammation.What factors drive development of neutrophil-mediated chronic lung disease remains largely unknown, and we sought to study the role of GM-CSF as a potential regulator in chronic asthma.Different experimental animal models of chronic asthma were used in combination with alveolar macrophage-reconstitution of global GM-CSF receptor knockout mice as well as cell-type-specific knockout animals to elucidate the role of GM-CSF signaling in chronic airway inflammation.We identify GM-CSF signaling as a critical factor regulating pulmonary accumulation of neutrophils. We show that although being not required for intrinsically regulating neutrophil migration, GM-CSF controls lung dendritic cell function, which in turn promotes T-cell-dependent recruitment of neutrophils to the airways. We demonstrate that GM-CSF regulates lung dendritic cell antigen uptake, transport, and TH2/TH17 cell priming in an intrinsic fashion, which in turn drives pulmonary granulocyte recruitment and contributes to development of airway hyperresponsiveness in chronic disease.We identify GM-CSF as a potentially novel therapeutic target in chronic lung inflammation, describing a GM-CSF-dependent lung conventional dendritic cell-T-cell-neutrophil axis that drives chronic lung disease.
In patients with early AF and CV conditions, early rhythm-control therapy vs. usual care reduced CV events at 5 years
Authors: Gaetano Santulli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

ACP Journal ClubJanuary 2021In patients with early AF and CV conditions, early rhythm-control therapy vs. usual care reduced CV events at 5 yearsGaetano Santulli, MDGaetano Santulli, MDAlbert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital New York, New York, USAUniversity of Naples 'Federico II' and ITME, Naples, Italy (G.S.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJ202101190-006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationKirchhof P, Camm AJ, Goette A, et al. Early rhythm-control therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1305-16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32865375Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Hospitalists: Cardiology: References1 Wyse DG, Waldo AL, DiMarco JP, et al. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1825-33. [PMID: 12466506] Google Scholar2 Buist TJ, Zipes DP, Elvan A. Atrial fibrillation ablation strategies and technologies: past, present, and future. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020. [Epub ahead of print.] [PMID: 33089361] Google Scholar3 Nattel S, Guasch E, Savelieva I, et al. Early management of atrial fibrillation to prevent cardiovascular complications. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:1448-56. [PMID: 24536084] Google Scholar4 Xie W, Santulli G, Reiken SR, et al. Mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes atrial fibrillation. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11427. [PMID: 26169582] Google Scholar5 Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, et al. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1998;98:946-52. [PMID: 9737513] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital New York, New York, USAUniversity of Naples 'Federico II' and ITME, Naples, Italy (G.S.)Disclosures: The commentator has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M20-7312.This article was published at Annals.org on 5 January 2021. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics January 2021Volume 174, Issue 1Page: JC6KeywordsAtrial fibrillationCardiac ablationCardiovascular therapyDrug therapyHazard ratioHeartHeart failureHospitalizationsIschemic strokeStroke ePublished: 5 January 2021 Issue Published: January 2021 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2021 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 12263: Incidence and Long-term Clinical Impact of Longitudinal Stent Deformation After the Promus Element Platinum Chromium-Everolimus Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Takashi Hiromasa, Shoichi Kuramitsu, Takenori Domei, Kyohei Yamaji, Shinichi Shirai, Yoshimitsu Soga, Kenji Ando
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The PROMUS Element platinum-chromium everolimus-eluting stent (PtCr-EES) has a novel metal and stent design intended to improve deliverability, comformability, and radial strength, wh...
The discovery of insulin revisited: lessons for the modern era
Authors: Gary F. Lewis, Patricia L. Brubaker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

2021 to 2022 marks the one hundredth anniversary of ground-breaking research in Toronto that changed the course of what was, then, a universally fatal disease: type 1 diabetes. Some would argue that insulin's discovery by Banting, Best, Macleod, and Collip was the greatest scientific advance of the 20th century, being one of the first instances in which modern medical science was able to provide lifesaving therapy. As with all scientific discoveries, the work in Toronto built upon important advances of many researchers over the preceding decades. Furthermore, the Toronto work ushered in a century of discovery of the purification, isolation, structural characterization, and genetic sequencing of insulin, all of which influenced ongoing improvements in therapeutic insulin formulations. Here we discuss the body of knowledge prior to 1921 localizing insulin to the pancreas and establishing insulin's role in glucoregulation, and provide our views as to why researchers in Toronto ultimately achieved the purification of pancreatic extracts as a therapy. We discuss the pharmaceutical industry's role in the early days of insulin production and distribution and provide insights into why the discoverers chose not to profit financially from the discovery. This fascinating story of bench-to-beside discovery provides useful considerations for scientists now and in the future.
Association of Automated Text Messaging With Patient Response Rate After Same-Day Surgery
Authors: Marie-Laure Cittanova, Sophie Chauvier, Evelyne Combettes, Nicolas Boccheciampe, Vincent Gerbier, Marc Leone, Jean-Michel Constantin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

This quality improvement study assesses the association of automated text messaging follow-up with the patient response rate after same-day surgery.
Phase I Study of the CD47 Blocker TTI-621 in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Stephen M. Ansell, Michael B. Maris, Alexander M. Lesokhin, Robert W. Chen, Ian W. Flinn, Ahmed Sawas, Mark D. Minden, Diego Villa, Mary-Elizabeth M. Percival, Anjali S. Advani, James M. Foran, Steven M. Horwitz, Matthew G. Mei, Jasmine Zain, Kerry J. Savage, Christiane Querfeld, Oleg E. Akilov, Lisa D.S. Johnson, Tina Catalano, Penka S. Petrova, Robert A. Uger, Eric L. Sievers, Anca Milea, Kathleen Roberge, Yaping Shou, Owen A. O'Connor
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: TTI-621 (SIRPα-IgG1 Fc) is a novel checkpoint inhibitor that activates antitumor activity by blocking the CD47 “don't eat me” signal. This first-in-human phase I study (NCT02663518) evaluated the safety and activity of TTI-621 in relapsed/refractory (R/R) hematologic malignancies. Patients and Methods: Patients with R/R lymphoma received escalating weekly intravenous TTI-621 to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). During expansion, patients with various malignancies received weekly single-agent TTI-621 at the MTD; TTI-621 was combined with rituximab in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) or with nivolumab in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. The primary endpoint was the incidence/severity of adverse events (AEs). Secondary endpoint included overall response rate (ORR). Results: Overall, 164 patients received TTI-621: 18 in escalation and 146 in expansion (rituximab combination, n = 35 and nivolumab combination, n = 4). On the basis of transient grade 4 thrombocytopenia, the MTD was determined as 0.2 mg/kg; 0.1 mg/kg was evaluated in combination cohorts. AEs included infusion-related reactions, thrombocytopenia, chills, and fatigue. Thrombocytopenia (20%, grade ≥3) was reversible between doses and not associated with bleeding. Transient thrombocytopenia that determined the initial MTD may not have been dose limiting. The ORR for all patients was 13%. The ORR was 29% (2/7) for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 25% (8/32) for T-cell NHL (T-NHL) with TTI-621 monotherapy and was 21% (5/24) for DLBCL with TTI-621 plus rituximab. Further dose optimization is ongoing. Conclusions: TTI-621 was well-tolerated and demonstrated activity as monotherapy in patients with R/R B-NHL and T-NHL and combined with rituximab in patients with R/R B-NHL.
In adults with hypertension, more- vs. less-intensive BP-lowering treatment reduces orthostatic hypotension
Authors: Mohammed Yousufuddin, Kianoush B. Kashani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Juraschek SP, Hu JR, Cluett JL, et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure treatment on orthostatic hypotension: a systematic review and individual participant-based meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2020. [Epub ahead of print.] 32909814.