tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P187: Meeting Research Study Recruitment Targets Is Meaningful For Residents In Rural Mississippi Counties
Authors: Akachi Agor, Tina Ferrell, Kisa K Harris, Vasan S Ramachandran, Ervin R Fox, Frances C Henderson
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Rural communities have historically been difficult to study compared to their urban counterparts and are underrepresented in research. There are several potential barriers to reaching rural populations; however, there remains a knowledge gap regarding participation in health research by rural people. To drive meaningful, lasting change in rural communities through research, investigators sought to understand the facilitators and barriers to conducting research among rural populations. We conducted focus group interviews to elucidate the viewpoints of the Community Advisory Board (CAB) members in Oktibbeha and Panola Counties. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to participation in research in Oktibbeha and Panola Counties in the Risk Underlying Rural Area Longitudinal (RURAL) Study. Method: Data were collected via focus group interviews of eight men and women with diverse economic and educational backgrounds to represent the demographics of each county best. Each interview was recorded using digital recorders and then transcribed . A thematic analysis of the data was developed from each of the transcripts, then analyzed and interpreted by three qualitative researchers. Results: Focus Group Participants (FGPs) identified the strengths of their counties that make it easy to participate in research as; progressive thinking and diversity, close-knit communities where people know each other so that the word gets out, and “where trust is key.” Barriers to participation in research were identified as limited prior exposure to research, distrust of the process, fear that data may paint their community in a negative light, and fear that the government will take something away from them as a consequence of participation in research. Reaching the target number of participants for each county is achievable according to FGPs and would mean the groundwork they have laid has been effective. Approaches for getting the word out to people in Panola and Oktibbeha Counties about the RURAL Study included use of radio and TV, social media, word-of-mouth, door-to-door, community events, churches, paper media, going into the community, community outreach, and communicating the benefits of the research. Conclusion: Investigators concluded that reaching the target number of participants for each county is meaningful to the CABs, and it is highly likely that the recruitment target will be achieved.
My Grandfather’s Blueprint
Authors: Keith Ranney Love
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Intralesional SD-101 in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Anti-PD-1 Treatment-Naïve Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results from a Multicenter, Phase II Trial
Authors: Ezra E.W. Cohen, Lisle Nabell, Deborah J. Wong, Terry Day, Gregory A. Daniels, Mohammed Milhem, Sanjeev Deva, Michael Jameson, Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, Mohammed Almubarak, Matthew Strother, Eric Whitman, Michael Chisamore, Cynthia Obiozor, Teresa Bagulho, Jose Gomez-Romo, Cristiana Guiducci, Robert Janssen, Erick Gamelin, Alain P. Algazi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

To determine whether SD-101, a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, potentiates the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 antibodies in patients with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 naïve, recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Patients with PD-1 Ab-naïve HNSCC received either 2 mg SD-101 injected in one to four lesions or 8 mg SD-101 injected into a single lesion weekly × 4 doses then every 3 weeks × 7 doses. Pembrolizumab was administered at 200 mg every 3 weeks.A total of 28 patients received 2 mg and 23 received 8 mg per injection, respectively. A total of 76% of patients had received prior systemic therapy. Combined positive score was ≥1 to < 20 in 35 patients (70%) and ≥ 20 in 15 patients (30%) of 50 patients with available data. There were 12 patients with grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (24%), and no treatment-related deaths. The objective response rate was 24% including 2 complete and 10 partial responses. The median duration of response was 7.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1-11.1] months. The response rate was higher in human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) patients (44%, N = 16). Responses were not associated with PD-L1 expression levels or IFNγ-related gene expression at baseline. Responses were observed both in injected (32%) and in noninjected lesions (29%). Progression-free and overall survival at 9 months were 19.0% (95% CI: 9.1-31.7) and 64.7% (95% CI: 45.3-78.7), respectively.SD-101 combined with pembrolizumab induced objective responses, especially in HPV+ tumors, which were frequently associated with increased intratumoral inflammation and effector immune cell activity.
FDG PET/CT in a Case With Primary Poorly Differentiated Urothelial-Type Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Yan Zhu, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Primary urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case with primary poorly differentiated urothelial-type adenocarcinoma of the prostate with pelvic lymph node metastases. Both the prostate tumor and its metastatic lesions showed intense FDG uptake. The patient had normal serum prostate-specific antigen and elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels, which may be helpful for the differential diagnosis.
Erratum: “Associations of Combined Exposures to Surrounding Green, Air Pollution, and Road Traffic Noise with Cardiometabolic Diseases”
Authors: Jochem O. Klompmaker, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Lizan D. Bloemsma, Ulrike Gehring, Alet H. Wijga, Carolien van den Brink, Erik Lebret, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)
Cellular and humoral immunity after the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients treated with rituximab
Authors: Renaud Felten, Floriane Gallais, Cédric Schleiss, Emmanuel Chatelus, Rose-Marie Javier, Luc Pijnenburg, Christelle Sordet, Jean Sibilia, Laurent Arnaud, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2021)
68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT Versus 18F-FDG PET/CT in Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Authors: Cihan Gündoğan, Yunus Güzel, Halil Kömek, Hülya Etem, İhsan Kaplan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract An 83-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloating. His abdominal CT revealed heterogeneous peritoneal thickening in the lower quadrants, which was more prominent in the pelvic region. 18 F-FDG PET/CT performed to locate the primary tumor showed irregular peritoneal and omental thickening with low to moderate FDG uptake. 68 Ga–FAPI (fibroblast activation protein–specific inhibitor)–04 PET/CT of the patient, whose primary tumor could not be detected using FDG, showed high radiopharmaceutical uptake in the areas of heterogeneous thickening on peritoneal and serosal surfaces. Peritoneal Tru-Cut biopsy revealed malignant tumoral infiltration indicating mesothelioma. This case showed that 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT could be a promising radiopharmaceutical in the evaluation of peritoneal mesothelioma.
Follicular Helper–like T Cells in the Lung Highlight a Novel Role of B Cells in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Laura Bauer, Lisa Jasmin Müller, Sarah M. Volkers, Frederik Heinrich, Mir-Farzin Mashreghi, Clemens Ruppert, Leif E. Sander, Andreas Hutloff
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Rationale: Pulmonary sarcoidosis is generally presumed to be a T-helper cell type 1- and macrophage-driven disease. However, mouse models have recently revealed that chronically inflamed lung tissue can also comprise T follicular helper (Tfh)-like cells and represents a site of active T-cell/B-cell cooperation. Objectives: To assess the role of pulmonary Tfh- and germinal center-like lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. Methods: BAL fluid, lung tissue, and peripheral blood samples from patients with sarcoidosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunohistology, RNA sequencing, and in vitro T-cell/B-cell cooperation assays for phenotypic and functional characterization of germinal center-like reactions in inflamed tissue. Measurements and Main Results: We identified a novel population of Tfh-like cells characterized by high expression of the B helper molecules CD40L and IL-21 in BAL of patients with sarcoidosis. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed a phenotype that was both Tfh-like and tissue resident. BAL T cells provided potent help for B cells to differentiate into antibody-producing cells. In lung tissue, we observed large peribronchial infiltrates with T and B cells in close contact, and many IgA+ plasmablasts. Most clusters were nonectopic; that is, they did not contain follicular dendritic cells. Patients with sarcoidosis also showed elevated levels of PD-1high CXCR5- CD40Lhigh ICOShigh Tfh-like cells, but not classical CXCR5+ Tfh cells, in the blood. Conclusions: Active T-cell/B-cell cooperation and local production of potentially pathogenic antibodies in the inflamed lung represents a novel pathomechanism in sarcoidosis and should be considered from both diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.
Abstract P170: Cardiovascular Health Scores, Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, And Angiogenic Biomarkers Associated With Cognition8-10 Years After Pregnancy
Authors: Robin Gandley, Caterina Rosano, C. Elizabeth Shaaban, W. Tony Parks, Janet M Catov
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Women with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO, preeclampsia, preterm birth, small for gestational age neonates), especially those with placental maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), are at increased cardiovascular and cognitive risk, perhaps due to poor cardiovascular health (CVH) and other vascular pathology. Hypothesis: Including history of APO and MVM in CVH scores identifies women with lower cognitive function and circulating angiogenic biomarker profiles indicating ongoing vascular pathophysiology. Methods: CVH was evaluated in 39 women 8-10 years after pregnancy (mean age 39.8 ±6 years, 36% Black) using standard metrics (smoking, BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and physical activity; higher score is healthier). APO history was abstracted from the medical record and added to CVH (no APO [n=14], APO-MVM [n=13], APO+MVM [n=13] to create a CVH-APO score. We evaluated cognitive function (memory, processing speed and executive function) as domain z scores using standard tests. Angiogenic biomarkers (VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, Tie-2, sFlt1, PlGF, and bFGF) were quantified using Angiogenesis Panel 1 (Meso Scale Diagnostics). Associations of CVH with cognition and biomarkers were evaluated using Pearson correlations. CVH groups (poor [CVH ≤7] vs. healthy [CVH &gt;8) were compared with and without APO history using t-test. Results: Women with APO+MVM had lower CVH scores compared to those with no APO, adjusted for age and race (-1.5, p=0.03). Poor CVH was associated with slower processing speed (r=0.350, p=0.031) and reduced executive function (r=0.353, p=0.03) but not memory. When APO history was added to CVH, associations became stronger (r=0.402, p=0.012 for processing speed; 0.422, p=0.008 for executive function). Poorer CVH scores also correlated with higher VEGF A (-0.501 p=0.001), VEGF C (-0.653, p&lt;0.001), PlGF (-0.326 p=0.045), and bFGF (-0.383, p=0.018). Using the combined CVH-APO score, women with poor CVH (n=18) compared to healthy CVH (n=20) had higher bFGF (18 vs 9.5 pg/mL p=0.013), VEGF-A (78 vs 44pg/mL p=0.002) and VEGF-C (1319 vs 828 p=0.023). Discussion: Poor CVH is associated with lower cognition and higher circulating angiogenic biomarker profiles in women, and APO history may further contribute to the cumulative vascular pathophysiological burden a decade after pregnancy.
Tobacco industry influence during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Talha Khan Burki
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2021)

A new report has outlined the extent to which tobacco companies used the COVID-19 pandemic to engage with relief efforts, form relationships with government figures, and attempt to influence policy. The Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index 2021 is produced by the Global Centre for Good Governance in Tobacco Control, a partner of STOP, a tobacco industry watchdog. Notably, at least ten countries designated tobacco products as essential goods during the pandemic. Guatemala, Tanzania, and Zambia delayed introducing or implementing tobacco control legislation.
Abstract P233: Child Opportunity Index And Prevalence Of Obesity And Hypertension In Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Andrew H Tran, Aaron Walsh, Kan N Hor
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: The Child Opportunity Index (COI) is a measure of neighborhood conditions encompassing educational, health, environmental, social, and economic components that affect child development. Worse COI has been associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in children. Hypertension (HTN) and obesity leads to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and are risk factors for cardiac events in adulthood. However, the impact of COI on patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) has not been well described. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that CHD youths with lower COI would have higher rates of obesity and hypertension compared to higher COI patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed adolescent CHD patients with an echocardiogram between 2012-2019. Patients aged 13-17 years with blood pressure (BP), height, weight, and echo measurement for LVMi-HT 2.7 were included. Home location was geocoded and linked to public COI data. Patients were classified by COI into Very Low (VL), Low (L), Moderate (M), High (H), and Very High (VH) opportunity levels. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95 th percentile. Blood pressure was defined as normotensive (NT, SBP &lt; 120 mm Hg), elevated BP (E-BP, 120 ≤ SBP &lt; 130 mm Hg), Stage 1 HTN (HTN-1, 130 ≤ SBP &lt; 140 mm Hg), and Stage 2 HTN (HTN-2, SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was defined as LVMi-HT 2.7 ≥ 38.6 g/ht 2.7 . Results: A total of 801 patients (mean age 15.5 ± 1.5 years, 57.43% male [460/801]) were included in this analysis. COI groups were VL 157/801 (19.6%), L 165/801 (20.6%), M 226/801 (28.2%), H 142/801 (17.7%), and VH 111/801 (13.9%). Overall, 117/801 (14.6%) patients were obese, 141/801 (17.6%) patients were hypertensive, and 209/801 (26.1%) patients had LVH. Obesity within COI groups was VL 34/157 (21.7%), L 26/165 (15.8%), M 30/226 (13.3%), H 20/142 (14.1%), and VH 7/111 (6.3%). HTN-1 or HTN-2 was seen in VL 25/157 (15.9%), L 36/165 (21.8%), M 41/226 (18.1%), H 23/142 (16.2%), VH 16/111 (14.4%). LVH was present in VL 50/157 (31.9%), L 47/165 (28.5%), M 63/226 (27.9%), H 26/142 (18.3%), and VH 23/111 (20.7%). Conclusions: Youths with CHD living in lower opportunity areas have a high proportion of obesity and hypertension. Furthermore, end-organ changes are seen with a high prevalence of LVH in lower opportunity CHD youths. In conclusion, these findings support the importance of considering social determinants of health like neighborhood opportunity in assessing cardiovascular risk in CHD youths.
WHAT LIGHT THROUGH YONDER WINDOW BREAKS? BENEFITS OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (OCT) IN A CASE OF SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION
Authors: Alessandro Maino, Rocco Vergallo, Eleonora Santucci, Amato Infante, Maria Carafa, Tommaso Pirronti, Carlo Trani, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Abstract 025: Radon Exposure And Incident Stroke Risk In The Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Sophie F Buchheit, Jason M Collins, Kurtis Anthony, Shelly-ann M Love, James Stewart, Rahul Gondalia, Joann E Manson, Alex P Reiner, Gary Schwartz, Mara Vitolins, R R Schumann, Richard Smith, Eric A Whitsel
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Although the role of radon gas in lung carcinogenesis is well-known, relatively little is known about radon’s role in the pathogenesis or epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease. Methods: We therefore identified postmenopausal women without a history of stroke at the 1993-1998 screening visit of the Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Trials and Observational Study (WHI CT and OS). We linked their geocoded addresses to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-predicted, county-level, indoor, screening radon gas concentrations classified as follows: Zone 3 (&lt;2 pCi/L), Zone 2 (2-4 pCi/L), and Zone 1 (&gt;4 pCi/L). We identified incident strokes based on physician-reviewed, classified, and adjudicated medical records. We measured time from screening to the earliest stroke or censoring date (02/28/20). We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate radon-related risk of stroke on an attained-age scale as a hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusting for WHI design, race/ethnicity, education, homemaker status, U.S. Census region, neighborhood socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol intake, sodium intake (g/day), 2005 Healthy Eating Index, recreational physical activity (MET-hr/wk), body mass index (kg/m 2 ), systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), as well as history of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation, and deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism. Results: Among 158,906 women (mean, standard deviation [SD] age = 63.1 [7.2] years; 83% white; 9% black; 4% Hispanic; 4% other), we identified 6,979 incident strokes over a mean [SD] follow-up period of 9.3 [5.6] person-years, i.e. 3.41 strokes / 1,000 person-years. The proportion of women with incident stroke was 1.38%, 1.72%, and 1.30% in EPA Radon Zones 3, 2, and 1, respectively. Corresponding incidence rates by EPA Radon Zone were 3.33, 3.43 and 3.49 per 1,000 person-years. Relative to women in Zone 3, those in Zones 2 and 1 had higher adjusted risks of incident stroke: HR (95% CI) = 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) and 1.15 (1.07 , 1.24). Conclusion: Radon gas is a pervasive carcinogen that also may increase susceptibility to a societally burdensome form of cerebrovascular disease, thereby highlighting the potential value of targeted testing, radon-safe construction, and mitigation in stroke prevention.
Abstract 045: Adolescent Arterial Stiffness Precedes Elevated Resting Heart Rate In Young Adulthood: A 7-year Temporal Longitudinal Analysis Using Cross-lagged Structural Equation Model
Authors: Andrew O Agbaje, Alan R Barker, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Elevated resting heart rate in adults is an established risk factor in the lifelong process of atherogenesis and its intermediate process such as arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. However, it is unclear whether resting heart rate temporally and bi-directionally associates with arterial stiffness especially among healthy adolescents and young adults. Hence, plausible biologic pathways through which elevated resting heart rate associate with arterial stiffness in the young population remains unknown. Hypothesis: To examine the temporal longitudinal associations of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, with resting heart rate among adolescents aged 17.7 years. Methods: We studied 3862 (55.5% female) British adolescents followed up for 7 years until 24.5 years of age, using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, England, UK. At baseline and follow-up, fat mass and lean mass were measured by dual-energy Xray absorptiometry, systolic blood pressure and heart rate by Omron BP/pulse monitor, and cfPWV by Vicorder ultrasound scan. We conducted logistic regression and cross-lagged autoregressive structural equation model analyses and adjusted for age at baseline, sex, moderate to vigorous physical activity, smoking status, family history of cardiometabolic diseases, time in years between measurement at 17.7 and 24.5 years, systolic blood pressure, fat mass, lean mass, and fasting plasma samples viz. low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, glucose, and insulin. Results: Participants' mean (SD) age in years was 17.72 (0.33) and 24.54 (0.73) at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Among 3862 adolescents, 10% were at moderate to high risk of elevated resting heart rate at 24.5 years. Higher cfPWV at 17.7 years was associated with the risk of elevated resting heart rate at follow-up [ Odds ratio = 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.06 - 1.65); p=0.014]. In the cross-lagged temporal analysis, higher cfPWV at 17.7 years was associated with higher resting heart rate [ Standardized regression coefficient (β) = 0.06 standard error (SE) = 3.85, p&lt;0.0001] at 24.5 years, however, higher resting heart rate at 17.7 years was not associated with cfPWV [β = -0.03, SE &lt;0.0001, p=0.179] at 24.5 years. Conclusion: We observed, for the first time, in a large healthy cohort of adolescents that arterial stiffness temporally preceded elevated resting heart rate in young adulthood, after controlling for cardiometabolic and lifestyle factors. This evidence informs that public health and clinical effort may be targeted at early detection and prevention of arterial stiffness from adolescence.