tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Host traits, lifestyle and environment are associated with human skin bacteria
Authors: L. Moitinho‐Silva, N. Boraczynski, H. Emmert, H. Baurecht, S. Szymczak, H. Schulz, D. Haller, J. Linseisen, C. Gieger, A. Peters, L. Tittmann, W. Lieb, C. Bang, A. Franke, E. Rodriguez, S. Weidinger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Background The human skin offers diverse ecosystems for microbial symbionts. However, the factors shaping skin–microbiome interactions are still insufficiently characterized. This contrasts with the broader knowledge about factors influencing gut microbiota. Objectives We aimed to investigate major patterns of association of host traits, lifestyle and environmental factors with skin bacteria in two German populations. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 647 participants from two population-based German cohorts, PopGen (n = 294) and KORA FF4 (n = 353), totalling 1794 skin samples. The V1–V2 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene were sequenced. Associations were tested with two bacterial levels, community (beta diversity) and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Results We validated known associations of the skin microbiota with skin microenvironment, age, body mass index and sex. These factors were associated with beta diversity and abundance of ASVs in PopGen, which was largely replicated in KORA FF4. Most intriguingly, dietary macronutrients and total dietary energy were associated with several ASVs. ASVs were also associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, skin pH, skin type, transepidermal water loss, education and several environmental exposures, including hours spent outdoors. Associated ASVs included members of the genera Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus. Conclusions We expand the current understanding of factors associated with the skin bacterial community. We show the association of diet with skin bacteria. Finally, we hypothesize that the skin microenvironment and host physiology would shape the skin bacterial community to a greater extent compared with a single skin physiological feature, lifestyle and environmental exposure.
P33.01 Circulating Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers for Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced NSCLC
Authors: D. Signorelli, O. Fortunato, F. Pontis, V. Capizzuto, R. Ferri, M. Brambilla, R. Ferrara, C. Proto, G. Lo Russo, A. Prelaj, G. Galli, A. De Toma, G. Viscardi, R. Lobefaro, F. Nichetti, M. Ganzinelli, N. Zilembo, M. Colombo, G. Sozzi, M.C. Garassino, E. Jachetti
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
P89.07 A Large-Scale Survey of IDH1/2 Mutation in Chinese Patients With NSCLC
Authors: M. Jin, J. Zhang, H. Zhu, S. Chen, Z. Liu, J. Li, S. Hao, Z. Liu, J. Luo, D. Wang, T. Ma, L. Dong, L. Teng, J. Liu, X. Li
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Comparison of Radiation With or Without Concurrent Trastuzumab for HER2-Positive Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Resected by Lumpectomy: A Phase III Clinical Trial
Authors: Melody A. Cobleigh, Stewart J. Anderson, Kalliopi P. Siziopikou, Douglas W. Arthur, Rachel Rabinovitch, Thomas B. Julian, David S. Parda, Samantha A. Seaward, Dennis L. Carter, Janice A. Lyons, Melissa S. Dillmon, Gustav C. Magrinat, Vivek S. Kavadi, Allison M. Zibelli, Lavanya Tiriveedhi, Matthew L. Hill, Marianne K. Melnik, Sushil Beriwal, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Norman Wolmark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

PURPOSE Preclinical studies report that trastuzumab (T) can boost radiotherapy (RT) effectiveness. The primary aim of the B-43 trial was to assess the efficacy of RT alone vs concurrent RT plus T in preventing recurrence of ipsilateral breast cancer (IBTR) in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligibility: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1, DCIS resected by lumpectomy, known estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status by centralized testing. Whole-breast RT was given concurrently with T. Stratification was by menopausal status, adjuvant endocrine therapy plan, and nuclear grade. Definitive intent-to-treat primary analysis was to be conducted when either 163 IBTR events occurred or all accrued patients were on study ≥ 5 years. RESULTS There were 2,014 participants who were randomly assigned. Median follow-up time as of December 31, 2019, was 79.2 months. At primary definitive analysis, 114 IBTR events occurred: RT arm, 63 and RT plus T arm, 51 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.17; P value = .26). There were 34 who were invasive: RT arm, 18 and RT plus T arm, 20 (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.59 to 2.10; P value = .71). Seventy-six were DCIS: RT arm, 45 and RT plus T arm, 31 (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.08; P value = .11). Annual IBTR event rates were: RT arm, 0.99%/y and RT plus T arm, 0.79%/y. The study did not reach the 163 protocol-specified events, so the definitive analysis was triggered by all patients having been on study for ≥ 5 years. CONCLUSION Addition of T to RT did not achieve the objective of 36% reduction in IBTR rate but did achieve a modest but statistically nonsignificant reduction of 19%. Nonetheless, this trial had negative results. Further exploration of RT plus T is needed in HER2-positive DCIS before its routine delivery in patients with DCIS resected by lumpectomy.
Targeting angiotensin type-2 receptors located on pressor neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract to relieve hypertension in mice
Authors: Mazher Mohammed, Dominique N Johnson, Lei A Wang, Scott W Harden, Wanhui Sheng, Eliot A Spector, Khalid Elsaafien, Michael Bader, U Muscha Steckelings, Karen A Scott, Charles J Frazier, Colin Sumners, Eric G Krause, Annette D de Kloet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

Abstract Aims These studies evaluate whether angiotensin type-2 receptors (AT2Rs) that are expressed on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) represent a novel endogenous blood pressure-lowering mechanism. Methods and results Experiments combined advanced genetic and neuroanatomical techniques, pharmacology, electrophysiology, and optogenetics in mice to define the structure and cardiovascular-related function of NTS neurons that contain AT2R. Using mice with Cre-recombinase directed to the AT2R gene, we discovered that optogenetic stimulation of AT2R-expressing neurons in the NTS increases GABA release and blood pressure. To evaluate the role of the receptor, per se, in cardiovascular regulation, we chronically delivered C21, a selective AT2R agonist, into the brains of normotensive mice and found that central AT2R activation reduces GABA-related gene expression and blunts the pressor responses induced by optogenetic excitation of NTS AT2R neurons. Next, using in situ hybridization, we found that the levels of Agtr2 mRNAs in GABAergic NTS neurons rise during experimentally induced hypertension, and we hypothesized that this increased expression may be exploited to ameliorate the disease. Consistent with this, final experiments revealed that central administration of C21 attenuates hypertension, an effect that is abolished in mice lacking AT2R in GABAergic NTS neurons. Conclusion These studies unveil novel hindbrain circuits that maintain arterial blood pressure, and reveal a specific population of AT2R that can be engaged to alleviate hypertension. The implication is that these discrete receptors may serve as an access point for activating an endogenous depressor circuit.
Nuclear DEK preserves hematopoietic stem cells potential via NCoR1/HDAC3-Akt1/2-mTOR axis
Authors: Zhe Chen, Dawei Huo, Lei Li, Zhilong Liu, Zhigang Li, Shuangnian Xu, Yongxiu Huang, Weiru Wu, Chengfang Zhou, Yuanyuan Liu, Mei Kuang, Feng Wu, Hui Li, Pengxu Qian, Guanbin Song, Xudong Wu, Jieping Chen, Yu Hou
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

The oncogene DEK is found fused with the NUP214 gene creating oncoprotein DEK-NUP214 that induces acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients, and secreted DEK protein functions as a hematopoietic cytokine to regulate hematopoiesis; however, the intrinsic role of nuclear DEK in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remains largely unknown. Here, we show that HSCs lacking DEK display defects in long-term self-renew capacity, eventually resulting in impaired hematopoiesis. DEK deficiency reduces quiescence and accelerates mitochondrial metabolism in HSCs, in part, dependent upon activating mTOR signaling. At the molecular level, DEK recruits the corepressor NCoR1 to repress acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27ac) and restricts the chromatin accessibility of HSCs, governing the expression of quiescence-associated genes (e.g., Akt1/2, Ccnb2, and p21). Inhibition of mTOR activity largely restores the maintenance and potential of Dek-cKO HSCs. These findings highlight the crucial role of nuclear DEK in preserving HSC potential, uncovering a new link between chromatin remodelers and HSC homeostasis, and have clinical implications.
Effector function does not contribute to protection from virus challenge by a highly potent HIV broadly neutralizing antibody in nonhuman primates
Authors: Lars Hangartner, David Beauparlant, Eva Rakasz, Rebecca Nedellec, Nathanaël Hozé, Katherine McKenney, Mauricio A. Martins, Gemma E. Seabright, Joel D. Allen, Andrea M. Weiler, Thomas C. Friedrich, Roland R. Regoes, Max Crispin, Dennis R. Burton
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Effector function is not required for a potent HIV envelope–specific broadly neutralizing antibody to protect nonhuman primates from SHIV infection.
P75.21 Impact of Diagnosis and Treatment of Concurrent Infections during Immunotherapy in Advanced Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: D. Bavaro, P. Pizzutilo, F. Signorile, F. Pesola, S. Cassiano, I. Marech, V. Lamorgese, G. Angarano, L. Monno, A. Saracino, A. Catino, D. Galetta
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Microplastics in Seafood: How Much Are People Eating?
Authors: Wendee Nicole
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

With discarded plastics making up more than 80% of the trash that accumulates in some locations, 1 microplastics (MPs) have become ubiquitous in the environment.Generally defined as synthetic polymers less than 5 mm in diameter, 2 MPs have been found in fish, shellfish, crustaceans, mollusks, and even mammals. 3In a systematic review and meta-analysis recently reported in Environmental Health Perspectives, investigators estimated the level of MP contamination in seafood and, consequently, how much people may ingest each year. 3t is not clear whether MP consumption harms human health, although particles may carry potential hazardous plastic constituents, microorganisms, and adsorbed chemicals. 3"In order to assess whether the uptake of microplastics via food can indeed pose a risk to our health, first we need to quantify this exposure, and, second, determine whether this exposure is high enough to have a detrimental effect," says lead study author Evangelos Danopoulos, a doctoral student at Hull York Medical School in England."Systematic reviews and meta-analyses can play a key function in the risk assessment process."The systematic review included 50 primary peer-reviewed papers-all field studies that sampled mollusks, crustaceans, fish, and echinoderms for MP contamination-and 19 studies were used in the meta-analysis.The authors developed a novel risk of bias (RoB) quality assessment tool to evaluate all aspects of experimental design, execution, and reporting for each paper.Among other inclusion criteria, studies must have sampled commercially relevant seafood species and used one of four validated procedures to assess the chemical composition of MPs.Investigators used a novel risk of bias tool to identify high-quality studies of microplastics in crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, and fish.
Abstract 15308: Psoriasis Does Not Worsen Outcomes of Patients Admitted for Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Ehizogie Edigin, precious O Eseaton, Iriagbonse R Asemota, Emmanuel Akuna, Hafeez Shaka, Pius E Ojemolon
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Studies have shown that psoriasis increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unclear if co-existing psoriasis worsens outcomes in AF hospitalizations. This study aims to compare the outcomes of patients primarily admitted for AF with and without a secondary diagnosis of psoriasis. Methods: Data were abstracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2016 and 2017 Database. NIS is the largest inpatient hospitalization database in the United States. The NIS was searched for hospitalizations for adult patients with AF as principal diagnosis with and without psoriasis as secondary diagnosis using ICD 10 codes. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Hospital length of stay (LOS), total hospital charges, odds of undergoing ablation, pharmacological, and electrical cardioversion were secondary outcomes of interest. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis was used accordingly to adjust for confounders. STATA software was used to analyze the data. Results: There were over 71 million hospitalizations in the combined NIS 2016 and 2017 database. Out of 821,630 hospitalizations for AF, 4,490 (0.55%) had Psoriasis. Hospitalizations for AF with psoriasis had similar inpatient mortality [0.78% vs 0.92%, AOR 0.95, 95% CI (0.44-2.04), P=0.895], total hospital charge [$41,869 vs $39,145, P=0.572] and longer LOS [3.72 vs 3.37 days, P=0.023] compared to those without psoriasis. Odds of undergoing ablation [5.0% vs 4.2%, AOR 1.12, 95% CI (0.82-1.52), P=0.481], pharmacologic cardioversion [0.11% vs 0.38%, AOR 0.29, 95% CI (0.04-2.10), P=0.219] and electrical cardioversion [19.2% vs 17.5%, AOR 0.99, 95% CI (0.83-1.19), P=0.930] were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Hospitalizations for AF with psoriasis had longer LOS compared to those without psoriasis. AF hospitalizations with psoriasis however had similar inpatient mortality, total hospital charges, odds of undergoing ablation, pharmacologic and electrical cardioversion compared to those without psoriasis.
<i>JAMA Dermatology</i>—The Year in Review, 2020
Authors: Kanade Shinkai
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2021)

In a year with the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, worldwide protests against structural racism, and international economic hardship, the opportunity to provide an annual review of the journal is a welcomed pause for reflection.JAMA Dermatology, with fully remote operations, had continuous publication throughout the pandemic and continued to thrive in 2020.Manuscript submissions rose by 21% in the past year (Table) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] ; the journal received 3559 article submissions in 2020, almost 300% higher than the number of submissions in 2017.Approximately 44% (1567 of 3559 submissions) were research articles.Notably, 10% of all submissions in the past year were related to COVID-19 as a disease process or its impact on dermatologists.A total of 8% of submissions overall and research articles were accepted, continuing a trend of reduced acceptance rates in recent years.In the face of many workflow changes caused by the pandemic, the journal continued its goal of reducing the time to publication, shortening the median time of acceptance to publication from 75 to 65 days while offering timely editorial decisions, including maintaining its median time to first decision without peer review of 4 days and time to first decision with peer review of 41 days.The editorial leadership team continued to strive to find ways to improve the authors' experience to ensure authors the fastest and best publication of their work.The journal's impact factor remained high at 7.74.I sincerely thank the many authors and peer reviewers 8 who contributed to JAMA Dermatology in 2020.The journal increased its digital reach, with more than 4.8 million article views and downloads in the past year, and expanded the number of social media followers by 10% to more than 56 000 on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.JAMA Dermatology published a number of important practice-changing clinical trials in 2020, including 2 of the 3 top-cited articles. 3,6,7 In addition, 3 articles were among the top-scoring dermatology publications by Altmetric score (a measure of news and social media coverage) in 2020, 1,4,5 including 2 articles on the mucocutaneous manifestations of COVID-19.In "Enanthem in Patients With COVID-19 and Skin Rash," Jimenez-Cauhe et al 1 report the presence of enanthems in a series of 21 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 presenting with rash, one of the only publications to date to highlight mucosal signs of the infection.Droesch et al 4 report a striking eruption of retiform purpura and acral fixed livedo racemosa in "Livedoid and Purpuric Skin Eruptions Associated With Coagulopathy in Severe COVID-19," a potential cutaneous manifestation of systemic hypercoagulability in critically ill patients with COVID-19.A third article that achieved a high Altmetric score highlights the ongoing investigation into the association between diet and acne in adults, 5 presenting the potential acnegenic role of Western diet, namely animal Table.
Covid-19: Lateral flow tests are better at identifying people with symptoms, finds Cochrane review
Authors: Shaun Griffin
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19: Lateral flow tests are better at identifying people with symptoms, finds Cochrane review Shaun GriffinRapid antigen (lateral flow) tests are better at identifying covid-19 infection in people with symptoms than in those with none, although the diagnostic accuracy of different brands of tests varies widely, a Cochrane review has found. 11
Placebo use and unblinding in COVID-19 vaccine trials: recommendations of a WHO Expert Working Group
Authors: Jerome Amir Singh, Sonali Kochhar, Jonathan Wolff, Caesar Atuire, Anant Bhan, Ezekiel Emanuel, Ruth Faden, Prakash Ghimire, Dirceu Greco, Calvin Ho, Suerie Moon, Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki, Aissatou Touré, Beatriz Thomé, Maxwell J. Smith, Ross E. G. Upshur
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)

after vaccination will be assessed.This trial will reveal whether chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or chemo-immunotherapy influences how patients respond to vaccination and could serve as a model for translational studies of other vulnerable populations or comparable cohorts vaccinated with different vaccines against COVID-19.Understanding whether this group of patients can mount a sufficient immune response to a vaccine against COVID-19 will provide information for supporting and counseling them during this pandemic and will give them a voice.Is the antibody titer high enough to be protective against COVID-19?What is the durability of antibody titers?Do these patients mount a T cell response sufficient to support the formation of memory B cells? Are two vaccinations sufficient, or are additional doses required?Are alternative measures required?To assure rapid dissemination of knowledge, we aim to make the results publicly available as soon as possible.Moreover, data sharing will allow comparison between VOICE results and those from other studies for rapid amplification of the knowledge gained.
P75.18 Association of the LIPI With Survival and Response in Advanced NSCLC Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: X. Zhi, Z. Zhang, W. Li, X. Yan, F. Zhang, X. Han, F. Yuan, J. Ma, L. Wang, H. Tao, X. Li, S. Zhang, X. Ge, Y. Hu, J. Wang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Role of the gut microbiome in mediating lactose intolerance symptoms
Authors: M F Brandao Gois, Trishla Sinha, Johanne E Spreckels, Arnau Vich Vila, Laura A Bolte, Rinse K Weersma, Cisca Wijmenga, Jingyuan Fu, Alexandra Zhernakova, Alexander Kurilshikov
Journal: Gut (2021)

Misselwitz et al recently reviewed the multifactorial aspects of lactose intolerance (LI).1 Their work highlights the known effects of genetic makeup and dietary patterns in the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms in LI individuals. The authors define LI as the occurrence of gastrointestinal complaints on lactose exposure and discuss the wide variety of symptoms among LI patients.1 Regarding lactose metabolism, Misselwitz et al mention the influence of the gut microbiome, in particular that Bifidobacterium or other lactose-fermenting bacteria are reported to affect the levels of lactose in the gut. However, the impact of the gut microbiome on the occurrence of gut-related LI symptoms remains unclear.

We previously observed that the Bifidobacterium abundance in the adult human gut depends on the interaction between LI genetic variants and dairy intake.2 This observation complements other findings indicating a mutual relationship between the gut microbiome and host lactose metabolism.3–8 However, these earlier analyses did not consider the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms. This inspired us to investigate whether the interplay of dairy consumption and Bifidobacterium affects the occurrence of gastrointestinal complaints in LI individuals.

We analysed data on gut complaints, genetics, gut microbiome and diet in 959 participants of the Lifelines-DEEP Dutch population cohort. We classified LI genetic status based on the presence of the functional variant rs4988235 …
Efficiency of Detecting New Primary Melanoma Among Individuals Treated in a High-risk Clinic for Skin Surveillance
Authors: Pascale Guitera, Scott W. Menzies, Elliot Coates, Anthony Azzi, Pablo Fernandez-Penas, Alister Lilleyman, Caro Badcock, Helen Schmid, Caroline G. Watts, Helena Collgros, Rose Liu, Cathelijne van Kemenade, Graham J. Mann, Anne E. Cust
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2021)

A previous single-center study observed fewer excisions, lower health care costs, thinner melanomas, and better quality of life when surveillance of high-risk patients was conducted in a melanoma dermatology clinic with a structured surveillance protocol involving full-body examinations every 6 months aided by total-body photography (TBP) and sequential digital dermoscopy imaging (SDDI).To examine longer-term sustainability and expansion of the surveillance program to numerous practices, including a primary care skin cancer clinic setting.This prospective cohort study recruited 593 participants assessed from 2012 to 2018 as having very high risk of melanoma, with a median of 2.9 years of follow-up (interquartile range, 1.9-3.3 years), from 4 melanoma high-risk clinics (3 dermatology clinics and 1 primary care skin cancer clinic) in New South Wales, Australia. Data analyses were conducted from February to September 2020.Six-month full-body examination with the aid of TBP and SDDI. For equivocal lesions, the clinician performed SDDI at 3 or 6 months.All suspect monitored or excised lesions were recorded, and pathology reports obtained. Outcomes included the incidence and characteristics of new lesions and the association of diagnostic aids with rates of new melanoma detection.Among 593 participants, 340 (57.3%) were men, and the median age at baseline was 58 years (interquartile range, 47-66 years). There were 1513 lesions excised during follow-up, including 171 primary melanomas. The overall benign to malignant excision ratio, including keratinocyte carcinomas, was 0.8:1.0; the benign melanocytic to melanoma excision ratio was 2.4:1.0; and the melanoma in situ to invasive melanoma ratio was 2.2:1.0. The excision ratios were similar across the 4 centers. The risk of developing a new melanoma was 9.0% annually in the first 2 years and increased with time, particularly for those with multiple primary melanomas. The thicker melanomas (>1-mm Breslow thickness; 7 of 171 melanomas [4.1%]) were mostly desmoplastic or nodular (4 of 7), self-detected (2 of 7), or clinician detected without the aid of TBP (3 of 7). Overall, new melanomas were most likely to be detected by a clinician with the aid of TBP (54 of 171 [31.6%]) followed by digital dermoscopy monitoring (50 of 171 [29.2%]).The structured surveillance program for high-risk patients may be implemented at a larger scale given the present cohort study findings suggesting the sustainability and replication of results in numerous settings, including a primary care skin cancer clinic.