tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Ventilatory Time and AKI in a Bronx Cohort of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Abby M. Basalely, Diane Liu, Molly Fisher, Ladan Golestaneh, Eran Y. Bellin, Kimberly J. Reidy
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Background: The relationship of lung-kidney interactions in COVID19 has not been well described  AKI has been associated with increased mechanical ventilation times  Recent publications have shown a strong association of COVID19-AKI with mortality and a high incidence of AKI occurring peri-intubation  We hypothesized that mechanical ventilation (MV) time would be increased in patients with COVID19-AKI and longer in those with severe AKI  Methods: We analyzed a cohort of incident COVID19 patients who required MV  Patients with end stage renal disease were excluded  AKI was defined using KDIGO criteria (0 3 mg/dL increase or greater than a 50% increase from the baseline Cr) between the maximum Cr and baseline Cr  AKI stage was defined by KDIGO criteria  Days of total MV was measured in days from date of initial intubation, including subsequent intubation/extubation events, until successful extubation or death  Censored data was not included  Linear regression models were utilized to evaluate associations  Results: We analyzed 318 patients  62% were male, 37% were black/African American and 33% were Hispanic/Latino  Hypertension was prevalent in the cohort (N=212) and over 50% were obese  Median MV time was 4 67 days (IQR 1 76, 9 95)  AKI occurred in 89% (N=283) of the cohort  Stage 3 AKI developed in over 50% (N=161) of patients  In models adjusted for age, hypertension, diabetes and disease related group weight, patients with AKI had 3 46 more days of MV, however this finding did not reach statistical significance (95%CI 0 92-6 00)  This association however was significant and increased linearly with stage of AKI (p for trend <0 001)  Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to evaluate the association of COVID19- AKI and MV time  Even after adjusting for severity of illness, patients with increased stage of AKI had longer MV times  This may be due to pathophysiologic kidney-lung interactions seen in non-COVID19 disease and/or direct effect of COVID19 on the kidneys  As few patients in our cohort were spared from kidney injury, inferences comparing those with and without AKI are difficult to discern  We plan to explore this question in a larger cohort to determine whether COVID19-AKI alone is associated with ventilatory time
Novel Lineage Depletion and Manufacturing Allows for Unprecedented Preservation of Autologous Blood Stem Cells for Gene Therapy of Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Α
Authors: Jennifer Adair, Devikha Chandrasekaran, Stefanie Schmuck, Gabriella Sghia-Hughes, Grace Choi, Anne Lee, Kevin G Haworth, Ann Woolfrey, Lauri S Burroughs, Pamela S. Becker, Hans-Peter Kiem
Journal: Blood (2017)
Nanomedicine: Photo-activated nanostructured titanium dioxide, as a promising anticancer agent
Authors: Nefeli Lagopati, Konstantinos Evangelou, Polycarpos Falaras, Effie-Photini C. Tsilibary, Panagiotis V.S. Vasileiou, Sofia Havaki, Andriani Angelopoulou, Evangelia A. Pavlatou, Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2020)

The multivariate condition of cancer disease has been approached in various ways, by the scientific community. Recent studies focus on individualized treatments, minimizing the undesirable consequences of the conventional methods, but the development of an alternative effective therapeutic scheme remains to be held. Nanomedicine could provide a solution, filling this gap, exploiting the unique properties of innovative nanostructured materials. Nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) has a variety of applications of daily routine and of advanced technology. Due to its biocompatibility, it has also a great number of biomedical applications. It is now clear that photo-excited TiO2 nanoparticles, induce generation of pairs of electrons and holes which react with water and oxygen to yield reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been proven to damage cancer cells, triggering controlled cellular processes. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the field of nanomedicine and particularly into the wide context of TiO2-NP-mediated anticancer effect, shedding light on the achievements of nanotechnology and proposing this nanostructured material as a promising anticancer photosensitizer.
Nitric oxide modulates bone anabolism through regulation of osteoblast glycolysis and differentiation
Authors: Zixue Jin, Jordan Kho, Brian Dawson, Ming-Ming Jiang, Yuqing Chen, Saima Ali, Lindsay C. Burrage, Monica Grover, Donna J. Palmer, Dustin L. Turner, Philip Ng, Sandesh C.S. Nagamani, Brendan Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

Previous studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) supplements may prevent bone loss and fractures in preclinical models of estrogen deficiency. However, the mechanisms by which NO modulates bone anabolism remain largely unclear. Argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) is the only mammalian enzyme capable of synthesizing arginine, the sole precursor for nitric oxide synthase-dependent (NOS-dependent) NO synthesis. Moreover, ASL is also required for channeling extracellular arginine to NOS for NO production. ASL deficiency (ASLD) is thus a model to study cell-autonomous, NOS-dependent NO deficiency. Here, we report that loss of ASL led to decreased NO production and impairment of osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, the bone phenotype was at least in part driven by the loss of NO-mediated activation of the glycolysis pathway in osteoblasts that led to decreased osteoblast differentiation and function. Heterozygous deletion of caveolin 1, a negative regulator of NO synthesis, restored NO production, osteoblast differentiation, glycolysis, and bone mass in a hypomorphic mouse model of ASLD. The translational significance of these preclinical studies was further reiterated by studies conducted in induced pluripotent stem cells from an individual with ASLD. Taken together, our findings suggest that ASLD is a unique genetic model for studying NO-dependent osteoblast function and that the NO/glycolysis pathway may be a new target to modulate bone anabolism.
Impact of adolescent complex regional pain syndrome on the psychopathology of young men ahead of military service: a retrospective cohort analysis of Korean conscription data
Authors: Shin-Heon Lee, Myeong-Jin Ko, Taek-Kyun Nam, Jeong-Taik Kwon, Yong-Sook Park
Journal: Military Medical Research (2020)

Abstract Background The relationship between physical and psychopathological features in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) has been a subject of constant interest, but no data are available in adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to identify the factors associated with psychopathology in adolescents with CRPS ahead of military service. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all conscription examinees who had completed a Military Personality Inventory (MPI) during a period between February 2013 and December 2016. A total of 63 persons with a history of CRPS (19-years of age for all) were enrolled. Basic demographic and pain-related data were analyzed to examine their association with MPI results. The mean FGR score as well as the 8 subdomain scores were compared between those with pain duration at &lt; 15 months ( n = 30) versus ≥15 months ( n = 33). Binary MPI results (normal-abnormal) were also compared between the two groups. Results In multivariate analysis, abnormal MPI was associated with pain duration, with an odds ratio ( OR ) at 1.05 for every 1-month increase (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.08; P = 0.002). Subjects with pain duration at ≥15 months have lower faking good response score ( P &lt; 0.001 vs. those with pain duration at &lt; 15 months), and higher abnormal MPI result rate, faking bad response, inconsistency, anxiety, depression, somatization, paranoid, personality disorder cluster A, and personality disorder cluster B scores ( P &lt; 0.05). Pain duration was significantly associated with the MPI variables. Conclusions Pain duration is associated with psychopathology in adolescents with CRPS. Psychopathologic features increased as the disease duration increased. A comprehensive understanding of time-dependent psychopathological factors could support the planning of multimodal approaches for managing adolescent CRPS.
The long term effect of pulmonary tuberculosis on income and employment in a low income, urban setting
Authors: Jamilah Meghji, Stefanie Gregorius, Jason Madan, Fatima Chitimbe, Rachael Thomson, Jamie Rylance, Ndaziona PK Banda, Stephen B Gordon, Elizabeth L Corbett, Kevin Mortimer, Stephen Bertel Squire
Journal: Thorax (2020)

Background Mitigating the socioeconomic impact of tuberculosis (TB) is key to the WHO End TB Strategy. However, little known about socioeconomic well-being beyond TB-treatment completion. In this mixed-methods study, we describe socioeconomic outcomes after TB-disease in urban Blantyre, Malawi, and explore pathways and barriers to financial recovery. Methods Adults ≥15 years successfully completing treatment for a first episode of pulmonary TB under the National TB Control Programme were prospectively followed up for 12 months. Socioeconomic, income, occupation, health seeking and cost data were collected. Determinants and impacts of ongoing financial hardship were explored through illness narrative interviews with purposively selected participants. Results 405 participants were recruited from February 2016 to April 2017. Median age was 35 years (IQR: 28–41), 67.9% (275/405) were male, and 60.6% (244/405) were HIV-positive. Employment and incomes were lowest at TB-treatment completion, with limited recovery in the following year: fewer people were in paid work (63.0% (232/368) vs 72.4% (293/405), p=0.006), median incomes were lower (US$44.13 (IQR: US$0–US$106.15) vs US$72.20 (IQR: US$26.71–US$173.29), p&lt;0.001), and more patients were living in poverty (earning &lt;US$1.90/day: 57.7% (211/366) vs 41.6% (166/399), p&lt;0.001) 1 year after TB-treatment completion compared with before TB-disease onset. Half of the participants (50.5%, 184/368) reported ongoing dissaving (use of savings, selling assets, borrowing money) and 9.5% (35/368) reported school interruptions in the year after TB-treatment completion. Twenty-one participants completed in-depth interviews. Reported barriers to economic recovery included financial insecurity, challenges rebuilding business relationships, residual physical morbidity and stigma. Conclusions TB-affected households remain economically vulnerable even after TB-treatment completion, with limited recovery in income and employment, persistent financial strain requiring dissaving, and ongoing school interruptions. Measures of the economic impact of TB disease should include the post-TB period. Interventions to protect the long-term health and livelihoods of TB survivors must be explored.
Enhanced Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Rhinovirus C and Age-Dependent Patterns of Infection
Authors: Timothy Choi, Mark Devries, Leonard B. Bacharier, William Busse, Carlos A. Camargo, Robyn Cohen, Gregory P. Demuri, Michael D. Evans, Anne M. Fitzpatrick, Peter J. Gergen, Kristine Grindle, Rebecca Gruchalla, Tina Hartert, Kohei Hasegawa, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, Patrick Holt, Kiara Homil, Tuomas Jartti, Meyer Kattan, Carolyn Kercsmar, Haejin Kim, Ingrid A. Laing, Petra LeBeau, Kristine E. Lee, Peter N. Le Souëf, Andrew Liu, David T. Mauger, Carole Ober, Tressa Pappas, Shilpa J. Patel, Wanda Phipatanakul, Jacqueline Pongracic, Christine Seroogy, Peter D. Sly, Christopher Tisler, Ellen R. Wald, Robert Wood, Ronald Gangnon, Daniel J. Jackson, Robert F. Lemanske, James E. Gern, Yury A. Bochkov
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Rationale: Rhinovirus (RV) C can cause asymptomatic infection and respiratory illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe wheezing.Objectives: To identify how age and other individual-level factors are associated with susceptibility to RV-C illnesses.Methods: Longitudinal data from the COAST (Childhood Origins of Asthma) birth cohort study were analyzed to determine relationships between age and RV-C infections. Neutralizing antibodies specific for RV-A and RV-C (three types each) were determined using a novel PCR-based assay. Data were pooled from 14 study cohorts in the United States, Finland, and Australia, and mixed-effects logistic regression was used to identify factors related to the proportion of RV-C versus RV-A detection.Measurements and Main Results: In COAST, RV-A and RV-C infections were similarly common in infancy, whereas RV-C was detected much less often than RV-A during both respiratory illnesses and scheduled surveillance visits (P < 0.001, χ2) in older children. The prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to RV-A or RV-C types was low (5–27%) at the age of 2 years, but by the age of 16 years, RV-C seropositivity was more prevalent (78% vs. 18% for RV-A; P < 0.0001). In the pooled analysis, the RV-C to RV-A detection ratio during illnesses was significantly related to age (P < 0.0001), CDHR3 genotype (P < 0.05), and wheezing illnesses (P < 0.05). Furthermore, certain RV types (e.g., C2, C11, A78, and A12) were consistently more virulent and prevalent over time.Conclusions: Knowledge of prevalent RV types, antibody responses, and populations at risk based on age and genetics may guide the development of vaccines or other novel therapies against this important respiratory pathogen.
Tape strips in dermatology research*
Authors: A. J. Hughes, S. S. Tawfik, K. P. Baruah, E. A. O’Toole, R. F. L. O’Shaughnessy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Tape strips have been used widely in dermatology research as a minimally invasive method to sample the epidermis, avoiding the need for skin biopsies. Most research has focused on epidermal pathology, such as atopic eczema, but there is increasing research into the use of tape strips in other dermatoses, such as skin cancer, and the microbiome. This review summarizes the technique of tape stripping, and discusses which dermatoses have been studied by tape stripping and alternative minimally invasive sampling methods. We review the number of tape strips needed from each patient and the components of the epidermis that can be obtained by tape stripping. With a focus on protein and RNA extraction, we address the techniques used to process tape strips. There is no optimal protocol to extract protein, as this depends on the abundance of the protein studied, its level of expression in the epidermis and its solubility. Many variables can alter the amount of protein obtained from tape strips, which must be standardized to ensure consistency between samples. No study has compared different RNA extraction techniques, but our own experience is that RNA yield is optimized by using 20 tape strips and the use of a cell scraper.
Imaging Inflammatory Changes in Atherosclerosis: Multimodal Imaging Hitting Stride⁎⁎Editorials published in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Ahmed Tawakol, Aloke V. Finn
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Diarrhoea in systemic sclerosis patients as a nocebo effect of nintedanib
Authors: Vasiliki-Kalliopi Bournia, Oliver Distler, Evrydiki Kravvariti, Dimos Mitsikostas, Petros P. Sfikakis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Nocebo effects, the opposite of placebo effects, are defined as unfavourable changes in a patient's symptoms or condition occurring due to negative anticipation and possibly leading to suboptimal outcomes via treatment discontinuation or non-adherence [1]. Symptoms most commonly associated with nocebo in both dedicated neurobiological research and randomised controlled trial (RCT) settings are non-specific complains such as pain, malaise, dizziness, or gastrointestinal upset [2]. Despite evidence highlighting the implications of placebo and nocebo effects on daily practice and RCT design and interpretation, determining their true frequency and intensity remains a challenge [1, 2]. Footnotes This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal . It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article. Conflict of interest: Dr. Bournia reports grants from Boehringer-Ingelheim, grants from Glaxo Smith Klein, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: Dr. Distler reports personal fees from Abbvie, personal fees from Acceleron Pharma, personal fees from Amgen, personal fees from AnaMar, grants and personal fees from Bayer, grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees from Catenion, personal fees from Drug Development International Ltd, personal fees from CSL Behring, personal fees from ChemomAb, personal fees from GSK, personal fees from Horizon (Curzion) Pharmaceuticals, personal fees from Inventiva, personal fees from Italfarmaco, personal fees from iQvia, personal fees from Lilly, personal fees from Medac, personal fees from Medscape, grants and personal fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, personal fees from MSD, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from Roche, personal fees from Sanofi, personal fees from Serodapharm, personal fees from Target Bio Science, personal fees from UCB, outside the submitted work; In addition, Dr. Distler has a patent US8247389, EP2331143 issued. Conflict of interest: Dr. Kravvariti has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: Dr. Mitsikostas has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: Dr. Sfikakis reports grants and personal fees from Actelion, grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work.
Modulation of Immune Checkpoints by Chemotherapy in Human Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Neda Jabbari, Heidi L. Kenerson, Christopher Lausted, Xiaowei Yan, Changting Meng, Kevin M. Sullivan, Priyanka Baloni, Dani Bergey, Venu G. Pillarisetty, Leroy E. Hood, Raymond S. Yeung, Qiang Tian
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2020)

Metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death, and incidence is rising in younger populations (younger than 50 years). Current chemotherapies can achieve response rates above 50%, but immunotherapies have limited value for patients with microsatellite-stable (MSS) cancers. The present study investigates the impact of chemotherapy on the tumor immune microenvironment. We treat human liver metastases slices with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus either irinotecan or oxaliplatin, then perform single-cell transcriptome analyses. Results from eight cases reveal two cellular subtypes with divergent responses to chemotherapy. Susceptible tumors are characterized by a stemness signature, an activated interferon pathway, and suppression of PD-1 ligands in response to 5-FU+irinotecan. Conversely, immune checkpoint TIM-3 ligands are maintained or upregulated by chemotherapy in CRC with an enterocyte-like signature, and combining chemotherapy with TIM-3 blockade leads to synergistic tumor killing. Our analyses highlight chemomodulation of the immune microenvironment and provide a framework for combined chemo-immunotherapies.
Comparative Outcomes of Immunochemotherapy with RCD (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone) and BCD (bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone) in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinaemia: NCT02971982
Authors: Jingjing Shang, Lingzhi Yan, Jin Zhou, Song Jin, Chengcheng Fu, Depei Wu, Ying Yao
Journal: Blood (2017)
Cancer stem cell-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy: Challenges and prospects
Authors: Javad Masoumi, Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Jalal Abdolalizadeh, Haroon Khan, Jeandet Philippe, Hamed Mirzaei, Hamid Reza Mirzaei
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2020)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with their self-renewal ability are accepted as cells which initiate tumors. CSCs are regarded as interesting targets for novel anticancer therapeutic agents because of their association with tumor recurrence and resistance to conventional therapies, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are engineered T cells which express an artificial receptor specific for tumor associated antigens (TAAs) by which they accurately target and kill cancer cells. In recent years, CAR-T cell therapy has shown more efficiency in cancer treatment, particularly regarding blood cancers. The expression of specific markers such as TAAs on CSCs in varied cancer types makes them as potent tools for CAR-T cell therapy. Here we review the CSC markers that have been previously targeted with CAR-T cells, as well as the CSC markers that may be used as possible targets for CAR-T cell therapy in the future. Furthermore, we will detail the most important obstacles against CAR-T cell therapy and suggest solutions.
Implementing COVID-19 Infection Control Procedures in Outpatient Dialysis in an Urban US Population
Authors: Ibironke W. Apata, Jason Cobb, Jose E. Navarrete, Janice P. Lea
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 31(10S):p 263, October 2020. | DOI: 10.1681/ASN.20203110S1263b
Clinical profile and microbiological aetiology diagnosis in adult patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: M.I. Costa, A. Cipriano, F.V. Santos, S.R. Valdoleiros, I. Furtado, A. Machado, M. Abreu, H.N. Bastos
Journal: Pulmonology (2020)

Early introduction of appropriate antibiotherapy is one of the major prognostic-modifying factors in community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Despite established guidelines for empirical therapy, several factors may influence etiology and, consequently, antibiotic choices. The aims of this study were to analyze the etiology of CAP in adults admitted to a northern Portugal University Hospital and evaluate the yield of the different methods used to reach an etiological diagnosis, as well as analyze of the impact of patient demographic and clinical features on CAP etiology. We retrospectively analyzed 1901 cases of CAP with hospitalization. The diagnostic performance increased significantly when blood and sputum cultures were combined with urinary antigen tests. The most frequent etiological agent was Streptococcus pneumoniae (45.7%), except in August, when it was overtaken by gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and Legionella pneumophila infections. Viral infections were almost exclusive to winter and spring. A negative microbiological result was associated with increasing age, non-smoking and lack of both blood/sputum cultures. Younger age was a predictor for S. pneumoniae, Influenza and L. pneumophila infections. Active smoking without any previously known respiratory disease was a risk factor for legionellosis. COPD was associated with Haemophilus influenzae cases, while dementia was typical in GNB and S. aureus patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart disease were negative predictors of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, respectively. P. aeruginosa was an independent risk factor for mortality (OR 13.02, 95% CI 2.94-57.7). This study highlights the importance of a comprehensive microbiological diagnostic workup and provides clues to predicting the most probable CAP causative agents, based on a patient's clinical profile. These may be taken into account when establishing first line antibiotherapy.
血管平滑筋細胞におけるCCAAT/エンハンサー結合蛋白質デルタ経由アルドステロン誘導Na + /H + 交換異型-1遺伝子発現
Authors: Irita J, Fukuoka T, Manabe S, Miyoshi K, Kurata M, Watanabe S, Ohkura T, Higaki J
Journal: Circulation (2005)