tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Researches and Observations on the Causes of Scrofulous Diseases
Journal: BMJ (1845)

Scrofula, the cruels, (les ecrouelles,) or king's evil, whether we consider the numerous protean forms which it assumes, or the fact that in some form or other it affects nearly one-third of the human race, stands second in importance to no disease to which mankind is liable.It has consequently received no small share of attention in all ages, but more especially towards the close of the last, and during the present century.Since the beginning of the last century, indeed, our knowledge of the nature of scrofula, and of the very numerous shapes it assumes, has been steadily advancing, and many diseases which were at one time regarded as independent maladies, are now al-, lowed to be connected with and dependent on a scrofulous habit of body.It is not long since chronic hydrocephalus was shown to be dependent on the same constitutional causes as scrofulous enlargement of the glands and rickets ; and M. Lugol has added much new matter to this head, and demonstrated what was previously only suspected, that the chief cause of abortion in the pregnant female is the exist- ence of a scrofulous constitution.Till towards the close of last century,, all the then recognised forms of scrofula were deemed contagious; but the experiments of Kortum, Goodlad, Hebreard, Le Pelletier, and others, who endea- voured to communicate the disease by rubbing in scrofulous matter and inserting it under the skin of the lower animals, and even of man himself, proved satisfactorily that the disease could not be so propagated.On the other hand, Pinel, Alibert, Richerand, and others, by carefully watching the effects of allowing scrofulous children to mingle with healthy ones, and finding that the malady was never so communicated, inferred that scrofula was not capable of being communicated by infection.It must be remembered, how- ever, that the observations and experiments of these physicians were almost entirely confined to those cases in which there existed glandular swellings, with running sores, ulcers, &c.but were not intend- ed to apply to that most fatal of scrofulous diseases?pulmonary*
Late complications of myocardial infarction
Authors: R. S. Cosby
Journal: JAMA (1976)

RECOGNITION of the late complications of myocardial infarction necessitates a morphologic approach, a recognition that the pumping action of the heart is importantly affected by asynergy, aneurysm, or papillary muscle dysfunction,<sup>1,2</sup>and the assumption that such abnormal morphology can be recognized and quantitated. Thus, congestive heart failure or dysrhythmias during acute infarction may be followed weeks or months later by recurrent pump failure. Simple description of the coronary tree, eg, critical stenosis of one, two, or three vessels, may be a wholly inadequate description of postinfarction status. It is the purpose of this review to examine the factors leading to the recognition and treatment of late complications in myocardial infarction and to attempt a separation of high- and low-risk groups. Table 1 lists major and minor late complications, ie, those arising after the 14th day, in 100 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction. Table 2 lists the frequency of
Fibroblast activation protein-based theranostics in cancer research: A state-of-the-art review
Authors: Liang Zhao, Jianhao Chen, Yizhen Pang, Kaili Fu, Qihang Shang, Hua Wu, Long Sun, Qin Lin, Haojun Chen
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

In recent years, quinoline-based fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitors (FAPI) have shown promising results in the diagnosis of cancer and several other diseases, making them the hotspot of much productive research. This review summarizes the literature for the state-of-the-art FAPI-PET imaging for cancer diagnosis compared with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET. We also summarize the use of FAPI-PET for therapeutic regimen improvement and fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted molecule modification strategies, as well as preliminary clinical studies regarding FAP-targeted radionuclide therapy. Our qualitative summary of the literature to date can inform future research directions, medical guidelines, and optimal clinical decision-making.
Charting the Map of Life
Authors: Charles W. Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Scientists expect that mapping the human genome will lead to a host of innovations in biology and research. For example, it may become possible to use DNA microarrays to accurately diagnose cancer and infectious disease subtypes and to predict clinical outcomes. Scientists might also use the genome to look at the interactions of the environment, genetic makeup, and toxic exposures, including the ability of certain beneficial genes to detoxify the body and resist disease. But despite the great potential of the field of genomics, scientists caution that public expectations need to be tempered by reality. People are as much a product of their environment as they are of their genes, say experts, and to suggest that genetics is the sole determinant that defines humans as individuals stretches the science beyond the current data.
Summaries of Key Journal Articles
Authors: Kim A. Eagle, Christopher P. Cannon, William F. Armstrong, David S. Bach, Ragavendra R. Baliga, Timothy B. Cotts, Daniel T. Eitzman, James B. Froehlich, Caren S. Goldberg, Hitinder S. Gurm, Jennifer C. Hirsch, Elizabeth Anne Jackson, Fred Morady, Debabrata Mukherjee, Himanshu J. Patel, Melvyn Rubenfire, Gilbert R. Upchurch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients with deficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer.
Authors: David Viñal, Daniel Martinez-Perez, Sergio Martínez-Recio, Iciar Ruiz, Diego Jiménez Bou, Jesus Peña, Gema Martin-Montalvo, Antonio Rueda-Lara, Maria Alameda, Laura Gutiérrez Sainz, Ana B. Custodio, Maria Elena Palacios, Ismael Ghanem, Nuria Rodriguez Salas, Jaime Feliu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

181 Background: Patients with microsatellite-instability–high (MSI-H) or deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) represent a unique subgroup of patients with evolving treatment opportunities. Methods: We included all of the patients with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of CRC at Hospital Universitario La Paz from October 2016 to September 2020. Results: A total of 1,152 patients were diagnosed with CRC. IHC for MMR was available in 1,014 patients. Of those, 100 (9,8%) patients were deficient for MLH1 and PSM2 (n = 78), MSH2 and MSH6 (n = 12), PMS2 (n =5), MSH6 (n = 4), or MSH2 (n = 1). Baseline characteristics are depicted in the table. Female sex (55% vs. 38%; p = 0,001), right primary tumor location (75% vs. 29%; p = 0,001), histological grade 3 (20% vs. 8%; p &lt;0,001), and mucinous component (39% vs. 10%; p &lt; 0,001), and localized disease at diagnosis (97% vs. 79% p &lt; 0,001), were more frequent in dMMR group. Among patients with dMMR CRC, 53% were ≥75 years old. The prevalence of BRAF V600E mutation was 56%. More female sex (67% vs. 40%; p = 0,006) and BRAFV600E mutation (66% vs. 48%; p = 0,06) were found in older vs. younger dMMR patients. Six patients were diagnosed with Lynch syndrome. After a median follow-up of 24 months, 279 patients have died. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached in either group (p = 0,327). Three-year OS was 75% (95% CI: 70-80) and 69 (95% CI: 67-71) in the dMMR and pMMR, respectively. In patients with localized disease that underwent antineoplastic treatment (n = 856), median disease-free survival (DFS) and OS were not reached in either group (p =0,403 and p = 0,232). Three-year DFS in patients with stage I (n = 216) was 64% (95% CI: 46-82) and 85% (95%CI: 80-90), p = 0,055; in patients with stage II (n = 274) was 84% (95% CI: 77-91) and 70% (95% CI: 66-74), p = 0,588; and in patients with stage III (n = 366) was 79 (95% CI: 71-87) and 66% (95% CI: 62-70%), p = 0,322; in dMMR and pMMR, respectively. No baseline characteristics were associated with recurrence in patients with localized dMMR CRC. Conclusions: Patients with MSI-High/dMMR CRC display distinctive clinical and pathological features. Overall prognosis does not differ in our series, but older age of dMMR patients may have influenced the outcomes.[Table: see text]
Government Services
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Genetic Origin of Daunians and the Pan-Mediterranean Southern Italian Iron Age Context
Authors: Serena Aneli, Tina Saupe, Francesco Montinaro, Anu Solnik, Ludovica Molinaro, Cinzia Scaggion, Nicola Carrara, Alessandro Raveane, Toomas Kivisild, Mait Metspalu, Christiana L Scheib, Luca Pagani
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

The geographical location and shape of Apulia, a narrow land stretching out in the sea at the South of Italy, made this region a Mediterranean crossroads connecting Western Europe and the Balkans. Such movements culminated at the beginning of the Iron Age with the Iapygian civilization which consisted of three cultures: Peucetians, Messapians, and Daunians. Among them, the Daunians left a peculiar cultural heritage, with one-of-a-kind stelae and pottery, but, despite the extensive archaeological literature, their origin has been lost to time. In order to shed light on this and to provide a genetic picture of Iron Age Southern Italy, we collected and sequenced human remains from three archaeological sites geographically located in Northern Apulia (the area historically inhabited by Daunians) and radiocarbon dated between 1157 and 275 calBCE. We find that Iron Age Apulian samples are still distant from the genetic variability of modern-day Apulians, they show a degree of genetic heterogeneity comparable with the cosmopolitan Republican and Imperial Roman civilization, even though a few kilometers and centuries separate them, and they are well inserted into the Iron Age Pan-Mediterranean genetic landscape. Our study provides for the first time a window on the genetic make-up of pre-Roman Apulia, whose increasing connectivity within the Mediterranean landscape, would have contributed to laying the foundation for modern genetic variability. In this light, the genetic profile of Daunians may be compatible with an at least partial autochthonous origin, with plausible contributions from the Balkan peninsula.
Effects of Aerosolized Surfactant in Patients With Stable Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: Antonio Anzueto, Amal Jubran, Jill A. Ohar, Craig A. Piquette, Stephen I. Rennard, Gene Colice, Edward N. Pattishall, Janet Barrett, Melissa Engle, Kenneth A. Perret, Bruce K. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Chronic bronchitis, estimated to affect more than 13 million adults in the United States, is characterized in part by retention of airway secretions, but no approved or effective therapy for airway mucus retention in patients with chronic bronchitis has been established. Surfactant reduces sputum adhesiveness, which contributes to difficulty in clearing secretions, but surfactant has not been tested in patients with chronic bronchitis. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the effects of exogenous surfactant on sputum clearance and pulmonary function in patients with stable chronic bronchitis. <h3>Design.</h3> —A prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled comparison of the effects of 2 weeks of treatment with 3 doses of aerosolized surfactant (palmitoylphosphadidylcholine [DPPC]) or saline (placebo). <h3>Setting.</h3> —Four US teaching hospitals. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 87 adult patients with the diagnosis of stable chronic bronchitis. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, and sputum properties before treatment (day 0), after 2 weeks of treatment (day 14), and 7 days after stopping treatment (day 21). <h3>Reslts.</h3> —A total of 66 patients were randomized to surfactant treatment and 21 to saline treatment. Patient demographic characteristics between groups were similar at baseline. In patients who received a DPPC dose of 607.5 mg/d for 2 weeks, prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) increased from 1.22 L (SEM, 0.08 L) at day 0 to 1.33 L (SEM, 0.09 L) at day 21 (<i>P</i>=.05), an improvement of 11.4%; postbronchodilator FEV<sub>1</sub>improved 10.4% by days 14 and 21 (<i>P</i>=.02); and the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity, a measure of thoracic gas trapping, decreased 6.2% by day 21 (<i>P</i>=.009). In the surfactant groups, there was a dose-dependent increase in the ability of sputum to be transported by cilia in vitro. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Aerosolized surfactant improved pulmonary function and resulted in a dose-related improvement in sputum transport by cilia in patients with stable chronic bronchitis.
Medical News
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of the anti-CEACAM5-DM4 antibody–drug conjugate tusamitamab ravtansine (SAR408701) in patients with advanced solid tumors: first-in-human dose-escalation study
Authors: A. Gazzah, P.L. Bedard, C. Hierro, Y.-K. Kang, A. Abdul Razak, M.-H. Ryu, B. Demers, N. Fagniez, C. Henry, M. Hospitel, J.-C. Soria, J. Tabernero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)

Tusamitamab ravtansine (SAR408701) is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-5 (CEACAM5) and a cytotoxic maytansinoid that selectively targets CEACAM5-expressing tumor cells. In this phase I dose-escalation study, we evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity of tusamitamab ravtansine in patients with solid tumors.Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years, had locally advanced/metastatic solid tumors that expressed or were likely to express CEACAM5, and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 0 or 1. Patients were treated with ascending doses of tusamitamab ravtansine intravenously every 2 weeks (Q2W). The first three dose levels (5, 10, and 20 mg/m2) were evaluated using an accelerated escalation protocol, after which an adaptive Bayesian procedure was used. The primary endpoint was the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during the first two cycles, graded using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) v4.03 criteria.Thirty-one patients received tusamitamab ravtansine (range 5-150 mg/m2). The DLT population comprised 28 patients; DLTs (reversible grade 3 microcystic keratopathy) occurred in three of eight patients treated with tusamitamab ravtansine 120 mg/m2 and in two of three patients treated with 150 mg/m2. The maximum tolerated dose was identified as 100 mg/m2. Twenty-two patients (71%) experienced ≥1 treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), seven patients (22.6%) experienced ≥1 treatment-related grade ≥3 TEAE, and three patients (9.7%) discontinued treatment due to TEAEs. The most common TEAEs were asthenia, decreased appetite, keratopathy, and nausea. Three patients had confirmed partial responses. The mean plasma exposure of tusamitamab ravtansine increased in a dose-proportional manner from 10 to 150 mg/m2.Tusamitamab ravtansine had a favorable safety profile with reversible, dose-related keratopathy as the DLT. Based on the overall safety profile, pharmacokinetic data, and Bayesian model recommendations, the maximum tolerated dose of tusamitamab ravtansine was defined as 100 mg/m2 Q2W.
Relationship between vessel size and late lumen loss following intracoronary beta- and gamma-radiation therapy Yoshihro Morino, Yasuhiro Honda, Atsushi Takagi, Thosaphol Limpijankit, Ron Waksman, Raoul Bonan, Jeffrey J. Popma, Alexandra J. Lansky, Theodore Bass, Paul G. Yock, Peter J. Fitzgerald. Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Abstract 345: Maturation of Cardiomyocytes via Rbfox1
Authors: Josh Z Lee, Chen Gao, Ivan Pushkarsky, Chaowei Hu, Haodong Xu, Dino DiCarlo, Yibin Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world with a dearth of effective therapies. Heart undergoes a complex differentiation and maturation process throughout embryonic and post-natal stages. Intense efforts have been made in the study of cardiomyocyte differentiation, maturation and pathological remodeling. With the aid of stem cells, investigators are able to recapitulate events in early cardiac development and gain valuable insight in transcriptional regulatory networks directing early cardiomyocyte differentiation. However, the molecular network that determine myocyte maturation in postnatal development, which are especially important for understanding diseases and developing cell based clinical applications, are far less well characterized. Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hIPSC-CMs) are lineage committed but remain immature and fetal-like in molecular, morphological and functional characteristics. Their application in cell based therapy or serving as a disease model for heart failure is limited, in part due to the lack of sufficient insight to promote their maturation into adult myocytes. Results: We find from previous studies that postnatal cardiomyocyte development is marked by global alternative splicing (AS) programming. In mouse heart, we find RNA splicing regulator RBFox1 is markedly induced in heart only in post-natal period and functions as a key regulator to post-natal global RNA alternative splicing reprogramming during cardiomyocyte maturation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that exogenous expression of RBFox1 promotes gene expression in neonatal ventricular myocytes reminiscent of mature adult heart, and results in cellular maturation based on sarcomere organization and calcium cycling characteristics. Furthermore, ectopic expression of rodent RBFox1 in human iPSC derived CMs resulted in similar maturation effects, implicating a conserved mechanism in human and rodent myocytes. Conclusion: RBFox1 mediated RNA splicing is an important contributor to post-natal myocyte maturation and it can be manipulated to promote cardiomyocyte maturation for cell-based therapy or disease modeling.
18FDG PET–Positive Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Mimicking Lung Cancer
Authors: Shun Morizumi, Hiroyuki Hino, Kana Miyatake, Keishi Naruse, Tsutomu Shinohara
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Adult cases of type 2 congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) are extremely rare, and no PET/CT findings have been reported for CPAM. We encountered a case of 18FDG PET-positive CPAM mimicking lung cancer in a 45-year-old asymptomatic man. CT revealed a large cavitary mass in the left lower lobe. SUVmax measured by 18FDG PET was 3.5. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy on suspicion of CPAM with/or lung cancer. Histologically, no neoplastic cells were present, and the lesion was consistent with type 2 CPAM. An adenomatoid proliferative pattern and granulomatous lesions may have contributed to a PET/CT false-positive result.
Association Between Altitude and Mortality in Incident Dialysis Patients—Reply
Authors: Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improving access to sexual and reproductive health care
Authors: Anna Glasier, Sharon T Cameron
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

Almost every aspect of health care has been affected in some way by the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns. In The Lancet Public Health, Emily Dema and colleagues1 report the findings of a nationally representative survey about use and attempted use of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in Britain in the 4-month period after initial lockdown (confinement) in March, 2020. The findings are to some extent reassuring in that only around 10% of respondents reported being unable to access a service they needed at least once, and 76% of these individuals also reported an instance of successful service use.