tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NEW AIDS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Susceptibility to hormone-mediated cancer is reflected by different tick rates of the epithelial and general epigenetic clock
Authors: James E. Barrett, Chiara Herzog, Yoo-Na Kim, Thomas E. Bartlett, Allison Jones, Iona Evans, David Cibula, Michal Zikan, Line Bjørge, Nadia Harbeck, Nicoletta Colombo, Sacha J. Howell, Angelique Flöter Rådestad, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Martin Widschwendter
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Abstract Background A variety of epigenetic clocks utilizing DNA methylation changes have been developed; these clocks are either tissue-independent or designed to predict chronological age based on blood or saliva samples. Whether discordant tick rates between tissue-specific and general epigenetic clocks play a role in health and disease has not yet been explored. Results Here we analyze 1941 cervical cytology samples, which contain a mixture of hormone-sensitive cervical epithelial cells and immune cells, and develop the WID general clock (Women’s IDentification of risk), an epigenetic clock that is shared by epithelial and immune cells and optimized for cervical samples. We then develop the WID epithelial clock and WID immune clock, which define epithelial- and immune-specific clocks, respectively. We find that the WID-relative-epithelial-age (WID-REA), defined as the difference between the epithelial and general clocks, is significantly reduced in cervical samples from pre-menopausal women with breast cancer (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.28-5.72). We find the same effect in normal breast tissue samples from pre-menopausal women at high risk of breast cancer and show that potential risk reducing anti-progesterone drugs can reverse this. In post-menopausal women, this directionality is reversed. Hormone replacement therapy consistently leads to a significantly lower WID-REA in cancer-free women, but not in post-menopausal women with breast or ovarian cancer. Conclusions Our findings imply that there are multiple epigenetic clocks, many of which are tissue-specific, and that the differential tick rate between these clocks may be an informative surrogate measure of disease risk.
Clinical medical officers in a child health service.
Authors: S Tyrrell
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Reis (24 February, p 559) draws attention to the gross discrepancy in the remuneration accorded to ophthalmic opticians and ophthalmic medical practitioners under the general ophthalmic service.Very politely he regards this state of affairs as a "great peculiarity."Might I suggest that it is more like a scandal.It is true that ophthalmic medical practitioners have very little industrial muscle but this gross discrepancy must cease.Can nothing be done about it ?
Cardiac sarcoidosis.
Authors: C M Oakley
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Cardiac sarcoidosisSarcoidosis is characterised by multisystem disease with granulomatous infiltration of the lungs, reticuloendothelial system and skin in particular, though almost any organ may be affected.Pulmonary granulomas are the most common manifestation, and these may lead to diffuse fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and right heart failure.Primary sarcoid disease of the heart is uncommon clinically but may be found at necropsy in up to a third of cases, in most of which non-caseating granulomas are present in many organs.'Myocardial sarcoidosis is notoriously hard to diag- nose; it may remain occult even when extensive and may present with sudden death.2If the diagnosis is not
Abstract 274: Verbal Prompts During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Emergency Department: A Report From the Videography in Pediatric Emergency Resuscitation (VIPER) Collaborative
Authors: Ichiro Watanabe, Richard S Hanna, Sage R Myers, Benjamin Kerrey, Mary Frey, Karen O’Connell, Alexis Sandler, Aaron Donoghue
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: The quality of chest compressions (CC) is crucial for good outcomes for pediatric cardiac arrest. Verbal prompts from resuscitation leader or CPR coach may help to optimize it. The objective of this study is to describe the frequency of appropriate verbal prompts during pediatric CPR. We hypothesized that verbal prompts for CC would be given less frequently to infants compared to children. Methods: A report from the Videography In Pediatric Emergency Resuscitation (VIPER) Collaborative, a prospective observational database from three tertiary PEDs from December 2016 to April 2018. All study sites videorecord and review resuscitations and use a pressure sensor/monitor device during CPR. All events where chest compressions (CC) were performed under videorecorded conditions with the monitor device in use were eligible for inclusion. Events where real-time feedback from monitoring devices for CC was available were excluded (ages &gt; 8). Data on CPR performance was collected by a combination of video review and monitor device; CC rate and depth and ventilation rate were extracted in time periods corresponding to individual CPR providers. Data on verbal prompts (time, who gave prompts, what prompt consisted of) were identified during video review. Results: There were 21 cases with total 182 providers included in database during study periods (infants: n=15, children: n=6). Verbal prompts for compression rate and depth were given in 14/21 (67%) of cases. 19/80 (24%) came from the resuscitation leader; 32/80 (40%) and from a CPR coach. 7 (3.9%) providers doing CC watched ZOLL monitor for feedback. Appropriate verbal prompts for CC rate were given to 4.2 % of providers in infants and 8.8 % in children (p=0.024). And 9.2% in infants and 10.5 % in children (p=0.064) were given to providers for CC depth. After adjusting by confounders, there weren’t any significant differences between age groups for both CC rate: OR1.22 (95%CI 0.49-3.05, P=0.670) and depth: OR 2.82 (95%CI 0.73-10.9, P=0.134). Conclusions: Verbal prompts frequency for CC rate and depth during pediatric CPR was described. There weren’t any significant differences between infants and children under 8 years old.
Periarteritis Nodosa
Authors: A. Elkeles
Journal: BMJ (1947)

thermostatic control is fitted.Presumably a baby suffering from artificial heat-stroke would have the symptoms of dehydration fever, and the cause of death would be " prematurity."Too great a weight of blankets on the infant's cot may possibly be a cause of fatigue of the respiratory muscles-and death.The zealous, harassed, but inexperienced mother should be warned of this risk.Is the danger fully realized ?Though, as already stated, I have not yet seen in print any expression of approval of my suggestion to have this matter thoroughly and conscientiously investigated, obstetric specialists in centres in this country and as far afield as Australia have expressed their complete agreement with my remarks.The
GAIN IN WEIGHT IN SOLDIERS
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How can the physician explain anxiety?
Authors: M. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

WHAT is the best answer when a patient asks, "Why am I so afraid when I have nothing to fear?" What can the physician say to help—particularly if it's someone in good health who is reasonably affluent and in apparently beneficent circumstances? This sort of patient may have a diagnosis of anxiety, depression, or phobia. Or his diagnosis may be something else, because anxiety has so many manifestations and because it is found in most mental disorders. Further, anxiety may in large part be a reaction to stress, sometimes to stress not recognized as such. It is hard to find the cause of anxiety. Even with prolonged, expert help, many patients do not achieve functional insight, and of those who do, not every one gets relief. The anxious patient is not a clear entity suitable for research. Sometimes we are talking about a certain type of person, while at other
Heterogeneity of BCG unresponsive bladder cancer clinical trials limits patients’ access to novel therapeutics.
Authors: Michael Chandra, Debasish Sundi, Kamal S. Pohar, William Edgar Carson, Roger Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

572 Background: Effective therapies for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer that recurs or progresses after Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are lacking. This unmet need is the focus of many drug development efforts, reflected in many completed/ongoing/planned clinical trials for patients with BCG unresponsive bladder cancer. Though BCG unresponsive criteria are well defined, enrollment criteria are variable such that, even at centers with several open trials in this space, a given patient with BCG unresponsive bladder cancer might not qualify for any. To understand the scope of this dilemma, we systematically analyzed enrollment criteria for all BCG unresponsive protocols registered on ClinicalTrials.gov to quantify heterogeneity in enrollment criteria and to determine what proportion of trials were inclusive to patients meeting U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) BCG unresponsive criteria. Methods: The ClinicalTrials.gov search tool was queried for relevant trials using the terms ‘bladder cancer’ ‘non-muscle invasive bladder cancer’ and ‘BCG’. Previously published review articles were cross-referenced to ensure that search results were comprehensive. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the resulting 28 protocols pertaining to distinct categories such as performance status, laboratory parameters, co-morbidities, active medications, and prior therapies were recorded. Based on enrollment criteria, the trial was assessed to fully inclusive or not to patients considered to be BCG unresponsive by the 2018 FDA criteria. Results: Of 28 trials, 15 (54%) had inclusion/exclusion criteria that were consistent with (inclusive of patients that met) the BCG unresponsive bladder cancer definition. 13 (48%) of 27 trials that specified performance status excluded patients with ECOG &gt; 2 (or KPS equivalent). The most common disease specific exclusion for patients with BCG unresponsive bladder cancer was a requirement for stage Tis (carcinoma in situ, CIS), which pertained to 5 (18%) of trials. Conclusions: Enrollment criteria for patients with BCG unresponsive bladder cancer are highly variable. Nearly half of patients who meet stringent criteria for this disease state do not qualify for clinical trials in this area. For patients who desire to enroll in clinical trials, this restricts access to novel agents. For bladder cancer treating physicians and regulatory bodies, this also hinders comparisons across agents.
Practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of secondary hypogammaglobulinemia: A Work Group Report of the AAAAI Primary Immunodeficiency and Altered Immune Response Committees
Authors: Iris M. Otani, Heather K. Lehman, Artemio M. Jongco, Lulu R. Tsao, Antoine E. Azar, Teresa K. Tarrant, Elissa Engel, Jolan E. Walter, Tho Q. Truong, David A. Khan, Mark Ballow, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Huifang Lu, Mildred Kwan, Sara Barmettler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)

Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia (SHG) is characterized by reduced immunoglobulin levels due to acquired causes of decreased antibody production or increased antibody loss. Clarification regarding whether the hypogammaglobulinemia is secondary or primary is important because this has implications for evaluation and management. Prior receipt of immunosuppressive medications and/or presence of conditions associated with SHG development, including protein loss syndromes, are histories that raise suspicion for SHG. In patients with these histories, a thorough investigation of potential etiologies of SHG reviewed in this report is needed to devise an effective treatment plan focused on removal of iatrogenic causes (eg, discontinuation of an offending drug) or treatment of the underlying condition (eg, management of nephrotic syndrome). When iatrogenic causes cannot be removed or underlying conditions cannot be reversed, therapeutic options are not clearly delineated but include heightened monitoring for clinical infections, supportive antimicrobials, and in some cases, immunoglobulin replacement therapy. This report serves to summarize the existing literature regarding immunosuppressive medications and populations (autoimmune, neurologic, hematologic/oncologic, pulmonary, posttransplant, protein-losing) associated with SHG and highlights key areas for future investigation.
818-4 Vascular complications associated with arteriotomy closure devices in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary procedures: A meta-analysis
Authors: Eugenia Nikolsky, Amir Halkin, Roxana Mehran, Shoshana R Krieger, Eve A Aymong, Zoran Lasic, Manuela Negoita, Ramez Sulaiman, Ricardo A Costa, Jeffrey W Moses, Gregg W Stone, Martin B Leon, George D Dangas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Book Review Modern Medical Therapy in General Practice . Vol. 1, 2 and 3. Edited by David Preswick Barr, A.B., M.D., LL.D., Busch Professor of Medicine, Washington University; and physician-in-chief, Barnes Hospital, St. Louis. 4°, cloth: Vol. 1, 1230 pp., with 111 tables, 65 figures and 3 plates; Vol. 2, 1282 pp., with 42 tables, 20 figures and 5 charts; Vol. 3, 1215 pp., with 19 tables and 43 figures. Baltimore: Williams &amp; Wilkins Company, 1940. $35.00.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1940)
Lack of Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Through Rho(D) Immune Globulin (Human)
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Update: Fatal Air Bag-Related Injuries to Children—United States, 1993-1996
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Dual air bags will be required standard equipment in all new passenger cars sold in the United States beginning in 1997 and all light trucks sold in the United States in 1998 but are available now in many earlier-model vehicles. Air bags are designed to supplement the protection provided by safety belts in frontal crashes; when combined with lap and shoulder safety belts, air bags assist in preventing fatal and nonfatal injuries in motor-vehicle crashes. However, passenger-side air bags have been associated with injuries to children who, in almost all cases, were unrestrained or incorrectly restrained in the front seat. In 1993, approximately 1.4 million (0.8% of all vehicles registered) were equipped with passenger-side air bags, compared with an estimated 21.6 million vehicles (11.4% of all vehicles registered) in 1996 (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA], unpublished data, 1996). NHTSA, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), and CDC collaborated with the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Air Bag Safety Campaign, the National Safety Council, the Brain Injury Association, the National Association of Governors Highway Safety Representatives, the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions, and the Health Resources and Services Administration to examine crashes from the Special Crash Investigation Data File maintained by NHTSA, in which fatal injuries in children (aged < 12 years) were associated with passenger-side air bags. This report presents the findings of this review, which indicate that during January 1993-November 1996, annual increases occurred for both the number of fatal injuries to children resulting from air-bag deployments and the proportion of dual air bag-equipped vehicles (Table 1).
Increased Risk of Incident Diabetes Among Individuals With Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Matthew J. Magee, Anjali Khakharia, Neel R. Gandhi, Cheryl L. Day, Hardy Kornfeld, Mary K. Rhee, Lawrence S. Phillips
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE In cross-sectional U.S. studies, patients with diabetes had twice the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) compared with those without diabetes. However, whether LTBI contributes to diabetes risk is unknown. We used longitudinal data to determine if LTBI is associated with increased diabetes incidence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study among U.S. Veterans receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration from 2000 to 2015. Eligibility included all patients without preexisting diabetes who received a tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA). We excluded patients with a history of active TB and those diagnosed with diabetes before or within 2 years after LTBI testing. Patients were followed until diabetes diagnosis, death, or 2015. LTBI was defined as TST or IGRA positive. Incident diabetes was defined by use of ICD-9 codes in combination with a diabetes drug prescription. RESULTS Among 574,113 eligible patients, 5.3% received both TST/IGRA, 79.1% received TST only, and 15.6% received IGRA only. Overall, 6.6% had LTBI, and there were 2,535,149 person-years (PY) of follow-up after LTBI testing (median 3.2 years). The diabetes incidence rate (per 100,000 PY) was greater in patients with LTBI compared with those without (1,012 vs. 744; hazard ratio [HR] 1.4 [95% CI 1.3–1.4]). Increased diabetes incidence persisted after adjustment for covariates (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.2 [95% CI 1.2–1.3]) compared with those without LTBI. Among patients with LTBI, diabetes incidence was similar in those treated for LTBI compared with those who were not treated (aHR 1.0 [95% CI 0.9–1.1]). CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive longitudinal data indicate that LTBI is associated with increased diabetes incidence. These results have implications for people with LTBI, ∼25% of the global population.
Molecular testing for prostate cancer in Greek patients.
Authors: Michael Liontos, Elena Kunadis, Anna Svarna, Efthymia Skafida, Oraianthi Fiste, Christos Markellos, Roubini Zakopoulou, Alkistis Papatheodoridi, Angeliki Andrikopoulou, Maria Kaparelou, Konstantinos Koutsoukos, Flora Zagouri, Meletios A. Dimopoulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

170 Background: Molecular testing for mutations in genes related to homologous recombination repair (HRR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) is suggested for patients with advanced prostate cancer by international guidelines. Recently, olaparib has been approved for patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients that bear mutations in BRCA1/2 genes in Europe. In Greece, molecular testing for prostate cancer patients is not reimbursed. In this setting we describe our experience from investigating the molecular profile of patients with advanced/metastatic disease. Methods: We retrospectively collected clinicopathological data of patients treated in our center for advanced/metastatic prostate cancer whose tumours were subjected to whole exome sequencing analysis for a panel of 58 genes including BRCA1/2. All patients provided written informed consent and the study was approved by the local ethics committee. Results: Tumor samples from 37 patients with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer were analyzed. Median age of the patients was 60.2 years (25th-75th percentile 54.4-63.9 years) and most of them (19/37, 51.4%) were presented with de novo metastatic disease. Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients are presented in the table. Eight samples (21.6%) were evaluated as inadequate to perform further analysis. In the remaining 29 cases, no BRCA1/2 mutations were detected. Instead, 7 patients had mutations in HRR-related genes, including 3 patients with ATM mutations, two in CHEK2, one in CHEK1 and one in RAD50. TP53 mutations were found in 8 patients (21.6%) and PTEN mutations in 2 (5.4%). Newer Hormonal Treatments were used as first-line treatment in mCRPC in 24 patients (64.9%), while 6 received docetaxel. Median PFS in first-line mCRPC was 12.0 months (95% CI 9.7-14.3) in the whole population and did not differ significantly in patients with HRD mutations (11.8 months) or TP53 mutations (11.8 months). Two patients with ATM mutations received olaparib as fourth and fifth line of treatment respectively with stable disease as best response. Conclusions: Biomarker driven targeted therapies are currently available for mCRPC patients. In our cohort, molecular testing was negatively affected by the poor quality of archival tissues in a significant percentage of patients. However, mutations in HRR-related genes were found in almost 20% of patients with possible therapeutic implications. Therefore, it is necessary to have a reimbursed molecular testing for prostate cancer patients in Greece.[Table: see text]