tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1956: Nox4 is Crucial for Stem Cell Differentiation into Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Qingzhong Xiao, Li Zhang, Zhenling Luo, Anna Pepe, Andriana Margariti, Lingfang Zeng, Qingbo Xu
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Our previous study has demonstrated that embryonic stem cells can differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in which matrix protein collagen IV and growth factors play a role in the process. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of SMC differentiation in such a process. Since NADPH oxidase (Nox4) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is important for cell behavior, it would be interesting to explore the potential impact of Nox4 in stem cell differentiation.  Methods and Results: Mouse ES cells were plated on collagen IV-coated dishes/flasks, and total RNA were harvested and subjected to microarray analysis at various time points. A panel of SMC-specific genes was significantly and consistently upregulated during ES cell differentiation, in which Nox4 expression was markedly correlated with SMC marker gene induction during ES cell differentiation. The result was confirmed by real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Overexpression of Nox4 specifically resulted in increased SMC marker production, while knockdown of Nox4 showed a decrease. Furthermore, SMC-specific transcription factors, including serum response factor (SRF) and myocardin, but not other cell lineage markers, were activated by Nox4 gene expression induced by transfection. Moreover, Nox4 was demonstrated to drive SMC differentiation through generation of ROS, especial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Confocal microscope analysis indicates that SRF was translocated into the nucleus during SMC differentiation, in which SRF was phosphorylated. Additionally, Nox4 overexpression resulted in TGF-β1 secretion that positively enhanced SMC differentiation. Interestingly, a cell line generated from stem cells by Nox4 transfection and selection displayed a characteristic of mature SMCs, including expression of SMC markers and cells with contractile function.  Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that Nox4 is crucial for SMC differentiation from embryonic stem cells, and enforced Nox4 expression can maintain differentiation status and functional features of stem cell-derived SMCs, highlighting its impact on vessel formation under physiological and pathological conditions.
Pollutant effects on the microbial ecosystem.
Authors: T Ford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Genetic diversity of a microbial community will inevitably be affected by environmental stress. However, our understanding of the implications of these effects is limited. Genetic exchange between natural microbial communities appears to be a common phenomenon, mediated by a number of microbial processes (conjugation, transformation, and transduction). These mechanisms of change are presumably adaptations to natural environmental perturbation, e.g., the low levels of antibiotics produced by other organisms. However, anthropogenic influences on the environment may be accelerating genetic change within microbiologic ecosystems, beyond these natural adaptation rates. This article highlights some of the perceived risks to ecosystem health and research questions that need to be addressed.
Abstract 14102: Successful Aortic Valve Implantation Using an In-Body Tissue-Engineered, Completely Autologous Valved Conduit (BIOVALVE) in a Goat Model
Authors: Yoshiaki Takewa, Yasuhide Nakayama, Masashi Yamanami, Akihide Umeki, Yuichi Matsui, Keiichi Kanda, Hitoshi Yaku, Tsutomu Tajikawa, Kenkichi Ohba, Yoshiyuki Taenaka, Eisuke Tatsumi
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose: Autologous valved conduits without any artificial materials (Biovalves) were developed, using simple, safe, and economical in-body tissue engineering. In this study, the potential of the B...
Abstract 18336: Does the Interaction of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Depressive Symptom Status Predict Cardiac Mortality and Re-Hospitalization in Rural-Dwelling Heart Failure Patients?
Authors: Pamela S Miller, Debra K Moser, Michele M Pelter, Thomas Nesbitt, Jeffrey Southard, Susan Robinson, Lawton S Cooper, Kathleen Dracup
Journal: Circulation (2013)

BACKGROUND: Identification of reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a stratification used in heart failure (HF) management and prognosis. Elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and depressive symptoms are independently associated with poor prognosis; however, their combined risk on cardiac death and re-hospitalization for HF is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To assess the combined effect of BNP and depressive symptoms on clinical outcomes in rural-dwelling HF patients with both reduced and preserved LVEF. METHODS: Baseline data were collected on 576 patients in the Rural Education to Improve Outcome in Heart Failure (REMOTE) trial. Measures included BNP levels and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]-9). Patients were stratified into 4 groups by elevated and normal plasma BNP (&gt;100 pg/ml and ≤100 pg/ml) and with and without depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10 and &lt; 10). Outcomes were defined as composite 2-year endpoint of cardiac death or first HF re-hospitalization. RESULTS: There were 199 patients (35%) who had a cardiac event. Kaplan-Meier with log rank test showed the probability of event-free survival differed significantly depending on BNP and depressive symptom status (Figure). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the risk of the composite endpoint for those with depressive symptoms alone was 0.8 (p = 0.85); with elevated BNP alone, 16.8 (p &lt; 0.001); and combined, 13.1 (p = 0.003) compared to non-depressed patients with normal BNP, independent of other covariates. Composite risk was similar between elevated BNP groups with or without depressive symptoms (p = 0.56). However, LVEF significantly modified the effect (p interaction = 0.03); higher LVEF reduced composite risk in patients with elevated BNP alone (hazard ratio 0.96, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Combined effect of BNP and depressive symptoms on cardiac event risk may provide useful clinical data in the risk stratification and management of HF outcomes.
Abstract 17060: Incidence of Tissue Coring during Transseptal Catheterization When Using Electrocautery and a Standard Transseptal Needle
Authors: Eugene Greenstein, Bradley P Knight, Albert C Lin, Rod Passman
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction. The application of radiofrequency (RF) electrocautery to a standard, open-ended transseptal needle has been used to facilitate transseptal puncture (TSP). The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of cardiac tissue coring when this technique is used. Methods. A model using excised swine hearts submerged in a saline-filled basin was developed to simulate TSP with electrocautery and a standard transseptal needle. Four types of adult Brockenbrough needles and two different size swine hearts were used. Punctures were performed without the use of electrocautery, and by delivering RF energy to the transseptal needle using a standard Bovie electrocautery pen and an RF generator set to 10W and 15W, in both “pure” and “blend” cut settings, at three target sites (Fossa Ovalis [FO], non-Fossa Ovalis septum [Non-FO], and Aortic [AO]). The tissue of the submerged heart was gently tented, and the needle was advanced on delivery of RF. The devices were retracted, and the needle was flushed in a collection basin. The basin was inspected for tissue. Results. See Figure. None of the TSPs without cautery caused tissue coring. For TSP's using electrocautery, the frequency of coring was at least 21% for any puncture permutation used in the study, and averaged 37% at septal sites (p &lt; 0.05 compared to punctures without cautery). Tissue coring occurred in 33/96 (35%) punctures through the FO, and 38/96 (40%) punctures through non-FO septum (Figure 3a). The frequency of tissue coring at aortic sites was 62/96 (65%), which was significantly higher than at the septal sites (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions. In an animal preparation, TSP at the level of the fossa ovalis using electrocautery and a standard open-ended Brockenbrough needle resulted in coring of the septal tissue in one third of cases. These results raise concern about the risk of systemic embolism of cardiac tissue when this technique is used in humans.
Abstract 260: The Changing Pattern of Utilization of Therapeutic Hypothermia Post Cardiac Arrest: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Shaker M Eid, Umashankar Lakshmanadoss, Skon M Nazarian, Kerry J Stewart, Nisha Chandra-Strobos
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: In 2005, the AHA/ILCOR Guidelines recommended hypothermia as a class I therapy post VF/VT arrest. The benefit of this therapy in patients with non-VF rhythms remains disputed. Hence, the 2010 AHA guidelines encourage but do not list hypothermia as a class 1 therapy in patients with a non-VF rhythm. We evaluated the changing patterns of utilization of therapeutic hypothermia from 2004-2010. Methods: In 123 survivors of non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, data were collected utilizing the Utstein guidelines. Outcomes were examined for 3 time periods: all patients from 2004-2005, 2006-2007, and 2008-2010. Data are presented as mean ± SD, median and 25th, 75th percentiles, or as percentages for dichotomous variables. Analysis was by ANOVA. Results: There was no substantial change in the clinical profile of the patients resuscitated from 2004-2010. The use of hypothermia increased in VF/VT survivors to near 90% in 2010. However, the use of hypothermia in non-VF rhythm patients also increased from 21 % to 65.7 % (p&lt;0.01) with no improvement in survival or neurological status (all p ns). Conclusion: Over 6 years the use of hypothermia for VF/VT patients has increased. However, with no data of proven benefit, the use of hypothermia in patients with non-VF rhythms has tripled. The appropriateness of such aggressive therapy in Non-VF/VT patients warrants reconsideration.
Abstract 5818: Stress Thallium-201/Rest Tc-99m Sequential Dual Isotope High-Speed Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Daniel S Berman, Sean W Hayes, Arik Wolak, Xingping Kang, Louise E Thomson, Faith Kite, Ishac Cohen, Piotr J Slomka, John D Friedman
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Recent advances in gamma camera technology are providing opportunities for novel high-speed myocardial perfusion imaging (HS-MPI) protocols. We aimed to develop and evaluate a stress thallium-201 (Tl-201) and rest Tc-99m sestamibi or tetrofosmin imaging protocol that could reduce imaging time and radiation burden. Methods: We studied 410 consecutive patients undergoing exercise or pharmacologic low-dose stress Tl-201 HS-MPI (4 min/acquisition) in the semi-upright and supine positions (D-SPECT, Spectrum-Dynamics) followed by rest Tc-99m sestamibi (n= 139) or tetrofosmin (n= 271) with immediate post-injection rest imaging. Of 330 patients with no known coronary artery disease (CAD), 29 patients also underwent invasive coronary angiography (ICA) or coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) within a three month period and 36 had a &lt; 5% pre-test likelihood of CAD (LLk). Despite low injected doses [Tl-201 (2.2± 0.3 mCi) and Tc-99m sestamibi or tetrofosmin (8.9± 2.4 mCi), the 3 acquisition MPI protocol (2 stress/1 rest) was accomplished &lt; 20 minutes. The quality of stress and resting image was good to excellent in &gt;96% of cases; importantly, no or minor extracardiac activity was seen on 99% of stress and 93% of rest images. HS-MPI was nondiagnostic or uninterpretable in only 2/410 patients. In the 29 patients with CCTA or ICA, the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ≥70% stenosis were 73% and 89%, respectively, and in 15 patients with ICA, the sensitivity was 89%. The normalcy rate in the LLk group was 100%. A fast stress Tl-201/rest Tc-99m HS-MPI protocol offers promise as a time-efficient, low radiation dose method, in which the superior qualities of Tl-201 for stress imaging and of Tc-99m agents for rest imaging can be utilized.
Effects of Physical Activity Counseling in Primary Care: The Activity Counseling Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Denise G. Simons-Morton, Steven N. Blair, Abby C. King, Timothy M. Morgan, William B. Applegate, Mary O'Toole, William L. Haskell, Cheryl A. Albright, Stuart J. Cohen, Paul M. Ribisi, Joanna H. Shih
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextPhysical activity is important for health, yet few studies have examined the effectiveness of physical activity patient counseling in primary care.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of 2 physical activity counseling interventions with current recommended care and with each other in a primary care setting.DesignThe Activity Counseling Trial, a randomized controlled trial with recruitment in 1995-1997, with 24 months of follow-up.SettingEleven primary care facilities affiliated with 3 US clinical research centers.ParticipantsVolunteer sample of 395 female and 479 male inactive primary care patients aged 35 to 75 years without clinical cardiovascular disease.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: advice (n = 292), which included physician advice and written educational materials (recommended care); assistance (n = 293), which included all the components received by the advice group plus interactive mail and behavioral counseling at physician visits; or counseling (n = 289), which included the assistance and advice group components plus regular telephone counseling and behavioral classes.Main Outcome MeasuresCardiorespiratory fitness, measured by maximal oxygen uptake (O2max), and self-reported total physical activity, measured by a 7-day Physical Activity Recall, compared among the 3 groups and analyzed separately for men and women at 24 months.ResultsAt 24 months, 91.4% of the sample had completed physical activity and 77.6% had completed cardiorespiratory fitness measurements. For women at 24 months, O2max was significantly higher in the assistance group than in the advice group (mean difference, 80.7 mL/min; 99.2% confidence interval [CI], 8.1-153.2 mL/min) and in the counseling group than in the advice group (mean difference, 73.9 mL/min; 99.2% CI, 0.9-147.0 mL/min), with no difference between the counseling and assistance groups and no significant differences in reported total physical activity. For men, there were no significant between-group differences in cardiorespiratory fitness or total physical activity.ConclusionsTwo patient counseling interventions differing in type and number of contacts were equally effective in women in improving cardiorespiratory fitness over 2 years compared with recommended care. In men, neither of the 2 counseling interventions was more effective than recommended care.
Abstract 2254: Prolongation of the Atrio-Ventricular Conduction in Fetuses Exposed to Maternal Anti-Ro/La Antibodies Does Not Predict Progressive Heart Block
Authors: Edgar Jaeggi, Earl Silverman, Fraser Golding, Carl Laskin, John Kingdom, Roland Weber
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: It has been suggested that congenital complete AV block (CAVB) related to maternal anti-Ro/La antibodies is preventable if detected and treated at an early stage of low-grade block. Con...
Abstract 21236: Increased Extent of Myocardial Edema In Endurance Athletes Following Acute High-Intensity Interval Training: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Study
Authors: Myra S Cocker, Mark J Haykowsky, Matthias G Friedrich
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Markers of cardiac injury are elevated during intense exertion, and while high-intensity interval training is used in athletes to improve peak aerobic power (VO2peak), its impact upon t...
Clozapine plasma levels and convulsions
Authors: G M Simpson, T A Cooper
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Two patients receiving clozapine developed grand mal seizures. The plasma levels in one of the patients at the time of the seizure were approximately 100% higher than on 12 previous occasions. This finding led to the conclusion and the patient's admission that she had taken an overdose. Plasma levels in the other patient exceeded the range the authors had noted in previous studies. The authors emphasize the usefulness of plasma level monitoring in relation to safety, drug defaulting, and side effects.
The Science of Human Reproduction: Biological Aspects of Sex.
Authors: H. M. Parshley
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 144: Erythropoietin Induces Positive Inotropy And Lusitropy Mediated By Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase And Novel PKC Isoforms In Murine Cardiomyocytes
Authors: David Hefer, David E Fishbaugher, Sarah M Tremble, Martin LeWinter, Bradley M Palmer, Peter VanBuren
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction Clinical studies indicate a potentially beneficial effect of erythropoietin (EPO) in patients with anemia and heart failure. Moreover, EPO is known to be cardioprotective in ischemia-reperfusion models, an effect mediated through a cardiac EPO receptor. However it is not known if EPO has a direct effect on cardiac contractility. Methods Isolated cardiomyocytes were obtained from C57BL/6 mice and exposed to either 50 U/mL of EPO or to a buffer solution. Cells were paced at 8 Hz. Sarcomere shortening dynamics were measured using a Fourier video transformation method. Global intracellular Ca 2+ dynamics were determined after loading cells with fura 2-AM. EPO concentrations from 0.1 – 50 U/mL and exposure times from 0 – 90 min were used for dose finding and time course experiments. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) blocker Wortmannin, the non-isozyme specific PKC blocker Chelerythrine or the PKC α and β blocker Gö6976 were administered concurrently with EPO to determine the signaling pathways involved. Results In control cells peak sarcomere shortening was 2.3 ± 0.3 %, while in EPO treated cells it was 4.4 ± 0.5 % (P=0.007, N=40 cells in each group from 5 hearts). Baseline sarcomere length was 1.55 ± 0.04 μm in controls compared with 1.72 ± 0.04 μm in EPO cells (P=0.008). Both shortening velocity [2.2 ± 0.3 μm/s versus 4.2 ± 0.5 μm/s (P=0.01)] and relengthening velocity [1.3 ± 0.2 μm/s versus 3.5 ± 0.5 μm/s (P=0.002)] were higher with EPO treatment. Ca 2+ dynamics studied in 25 cells in each group showed no differences between EPO treated and control cells. Positive inotropic and lusitropic effects occurred at EPO concentrations above 1 U/mL and after an incubation period of at least 30 min. The EPO mediated increase in peak sarcomere shortening was abrogated by concurrent PI3K blockade or by non-isozyme specific PKC blockade. However, it was preserved if only the classical PKC isozymes αand β were blocked. Conclusions In addition to its antiapoptotic and cytoprotective effects, EPO has direct positive inotropic and lusitropic effects in single murine cardiomyocytes. These are mediated by PI3K and novel PKC isoforms and are independent of changes in intracellular Ca 2+ handling, suggesting a PKC δor PKC ϵ mediated increase in myofilament contractile function.
Cogwheel rigidity during chronic lithium therapy
Authors: G M Asnis, D Asnis, D L Dunner, R R Fieve
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of extrapyramidal symptoms, especially cogwheel rigidity, in patients receiving lithium alone or in combination with other medications (i.e., antipsychotic or dopamine-depleting agents). Cogwheel rigidity is commonly found in Parkinson’s disease and in drug-induced parkinsonism secondary to antipsychotic or dopamine-depleting agents (1). Its prevalence among lithium-tneated patients varies, but the occurrence of these symptoms suggests that lithium may cause extrapyramidal symptoms. Previous studies of cogwheel rigidity associated with lithium treatment (2-4) have lacked controls in three areas: 1) concomitant use of antipsychotic or dopamine-depleting drugs (which may induce extrapyramidal symptoms), 2) blindness of the evaluator to the patients’ drug status, and 3) laterality of cogwheel rigidity.
Outcome of prophylactic cranial radiotherapy in children with ALL
Authors: S. Ozden, H. Ozyurt, Z. Ozgen, N. Ozseker, C. Parlak, A. Mayadagli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

17532 Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate influence of prophylactic cranial radiotherapy (RT) and prognostic factors on overall survival (OS) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), retrospectively. Methods: Forty nine children referred to Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital to undergo prophylactic cranial RT for the diagnosis of ALL between years 1997–2003 were analyzed retrospectively to determine cranial recurrence rate. Eleven patients were considered as loss due to loss of contact. Survival analyses were carried out by Kaplan Meier. Results: Median follow-up time was 49 months. Of the 49 cases, 30 (61,2%) were male, and 19 (38,8%) were female. Median age was 6 years (2–18). Moderate to high risk patients who revealed remission after chemotherapy (CT) had been referred to our clinic for RT. At the time of presentation, 5 patients had CNS involvement, and one patient had mass in his right eye. Craniospinal RT was performed to 4 patients while others received total cranial RT including C1–2 vertebra. RT was given with Co 60 in various dose and fractionation schedules (120–200cGy/fx) to total doses ranging from 11,4 to 24 Gy in 7–16 fractions. There was a statistically significant survival difference between cases treated at doses &lt;18 Gy (n:15) and those treated at doses &gt;18 Gy (n:23) in favor of higher RT doses (OS: 35,5 vs. . 44,1 months, p=0.01). Cases with no CNS involvement at presentation revealed a significant overall and disease free survival (DFS) advantage over cases with involvement (OS: 44,2 vs. 22,5 months, DFS:40,7 vs. 19,5 months, p=0.001). OS analyses of 24 cases whose leukocyte counts (LC) were determined at the time of diagnosis revealed OS of 57,5, 35,6, 36,2 months for those with LC of &lt;10000 (n:9), 10000–50000 (n:5) and &gt;50000 (n:10), respectively (p=0,01). There was no notable influence of sex or age on survival. CNS recurrence was seen in only 2 male patients. No morbidity related to RT was experienced in any of the patients that are still alive. Conclusions: Prophylactic cranial RT of 18 Gy is a well-tolerated treatment option for children with the diagnosis of ALL, and optimal dose for better outcome should be identified. No significant financial relationships to disclose.