tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Misrepresenting Race — The Role of Medical Schools in Propagating Physician Bias
Authors: Christina Amutah, Kaliya Greenidge, Adjoa Mante, Michelle Munyikwa, Sanjna L. Surya, Eve Higginbotham, David S. Jones, Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, Dorothy Roberts, Jennifer Tsai, Jaya Aysola
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Misrepresenting Race Medical education and practice have not evolved to reflect advances in understanding of the relationships among race, racism, and health. Instead, race remains one of the most ...
Roles of CatSper channels in the pathogenesis of asthenozoospermia and the therapeutic effects of acupuncture-like treatment on asthenozoospermia
Authors: Zi-Run Jin, Dong Fang, Bo-Heng Liu, Jie Cai, Wen-Hao Tang, Hui Jiang, Guo-Gang Xing
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Rationale: Idiopathic asthenozoospermia (iAZS) is one of the major causes of male infertility and has no effective therapeutic treatment. Understanding the potential mechanisms that cause it may be helpful in seeking novel targets and treatment strategies for overcoming the problem of low sperm motility in iAZS individuals. Methods: Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) was utilized to assess the sperm motility. RT-qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and calcium imaging analysis were performed to examine the expression and function of CatSper channels. Hyperactivation and acrosome reaction were used to evaluate the functional characteristics of epididymal sperm. In vivo fertility assay was applied to determine the fertility of rats. CatSper1 knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed to confirm the roles of CatSper channels in the pathogenesis of iAZS and the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment on AZS model rats. Results: Here, we reported a functional down-regulation of CatSper channel from CatSper1 to CatSper 4 in the sperm of both iAZS patients and ornidazole (ORN)-induced AZS model rats, and an impaired sperm function characterized by a reduction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, hyperactivation, and acrosome reaction in the epididymal sperm of AZS rats. Knockdown of CatSper1 in the testis tissues is sufficient to induce AZS in normal rats, and this action was validated by the reversal effects of CatSper1 overexpression. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) and electroacupuncture (EA) at 2 Hz frequency improve the sperm motility via enhancing the functional expression of CatSper channels in the sperm. Gene silencing CatSper1 in the sperm abolishes the therapeutic effects of 2 Hz-EA treatment on AZS rats. Conclusions: We conclude that a functional down-regulation of CatSper channel in the sperm may be a contributor or a downstream indicator for a portion of AZS, especially iAZS, while 2 Hz-TEAS or EA treatment has a therapeutic effect on iAZS through inducing the functional up-regulation of CatSper channels in the sperm. This study provides a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of some AZS especially iAZS, and presents a potential therapeutic target of CatSper for iAZS treatment. Acupuncture treatment like TEAS may be used as a promising complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy for male infertility caused by iAZS in clinical practice.
Novel autoantibodies identified in ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ketian Li, Wenxiu Mo, Lijun Wu, Xunyao Wu, Cainan Luo, Xinyue Xiao, Xinmiao Jia, Huaxia Yang, Yunyun Fei, Hua Chen, Fengchun Zhang, Yongzhe Li, Lidan Zhao, Xuan Zhang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Lack of effective biomarkers in anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) impedes early diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify novel autoantibodies in RA and verify their diagnostic values in ACPA-negative RA based on protein microarray technology.A total of 1011 sera from 559 RA (276 ACPA-positive and 283 ACPA-negative), 239 disease controls (DCs) and 213 healthy controls (HCs) were collected and sampled on two sequential microarrays and ELISA and western blot (WB) detection, for novel autoantibodies discovery, validation and verification, respectively. The high-density protein microarray printed with a broad spectrum of recombinant human proteins was first employed to screen candidate autoantibodies, then focused microarrays composed of candidate autoantigens were used for validation, followed by ELISA and WB to verify the presence of the most promising candidates in ACPA-negative RA.Nine novel autoantibodies were identified by two sequential microarrays with positivity 17.93%-27.59% and specificities >90% in ACPA-negative RA. Among these, anti-PTX3 and anti-DUSP11 autoantibodies presented with the highest sensitivity and were consistently verified by ELISA and WB. Pooling samples of all cohorts, the positivities of anti-PTX3 and anti-DUSP11 in ACPA-negative RA were 27.56% and 31.80%, respectively, similar to those in ACPA-positive RA, and significantly higher than in HCs (4.69% and 2.35%) and DCs (10.04% and 8.49%) (p<0.0001). Combination of anti-PTX3 with anti-DUSP11 significantly increased the diagnostic sensitivity (38.00%) with specificity of 88.72%, regardless of ACPA status.Anti-PTX3 and anti-DUSP11 autoantibodies are newly identified biomarkers for diagnosis of ACPA-negative RA.
The roles of microglia in viral encephalitis: from sensome to therapeutic targeting
Authors: Chintan Chhatbar, Marco Prinz
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2021)

Abstract Viral encephalitis is a devastating disease with high mortality, and survivors often suffer from severe neurological complications. Microglia are innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma whose turnover is reliant on local proliferation. Microglia express a diverse range of proteins, which allows them to continuously sense the environment and quickly react to changes. Under inflammatory conditions such as CNS viral infection, microglia promote innate and adaptive immune responses to protect the host. However, during viral infection, a dysregulated microglia-T-cell interplay may result in altered phagocytosis of neuronal synapses by microglia that causes neurocognitive impairment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of microglia in viral encephalitis, propose questions to be answered in the future and suggest possible therapeutic targets.
Microbiome connections with host metabolism and habitual diet from 1,098 deeply phenotyped individuals
Authors: Francesco Asnicar, Sarah E. Berry, Ana M. Valdes, Long H. Nguyen, Gianmarco Piccinno, David A. Drew, Emily Leeming, Rachel Gibson, Caroline Le Roy, Haya Al Khatib, Lucy Francis, Mohsen Mazidi, Olatz Mompeo, Mireia Valles-Colomer, Adrian Tett, Francesco Beghini, Léonard Dubois, Davide Bazzani, Andrew Maltez Thomas, Chloe Mirzayi, Asya Khleborodova, Sehyun Oh, Rachel Hine, Christopher Bonnett, Joan Capdevila, Serge Danzanvilliers, Francesca Giordano, Ludwig Geistlinger, Levi Waldron, Richard Davies, George Hadjigeorgiou, Jonathan Wolf, José M. Ordovás, Christopher Gardner, Paul W. Franks, Andrew T. Chan, Curtis Huttenhower, Tim D. Spector, Nicola Segata
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)
A Big Fat Wedding: Association of Adiponectin With Coronary Vascular Lesions⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Mandeep Bajaj, Ori Ben-Yehuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
In women, bisphosphonate use for ≥3 years vs. &lt;3 months was linked to increased atypical femur fracture risk
Authors: Susan M. Ott
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

ACP Journal ClubJanuary 2021In women, bisphosphonate use for ≥3 years vs. <3 months was linked to increased atypical femur fracture riskSusan M. Ott, MDSusan M. Ott, MDUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (S.M.O.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJ202101190-009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBlack DM, Geiger EJ, Eastell R, et al. Atypical femur fracture risk versus fragility fracture prevention with bisphosphonates. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:743-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32813950Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Endocrinology: References1 Adams AL, Adams JL, Raebel MA, et al. Bisphosphonate drug holiday and fracture risk: a population-based cohort study. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33:1252-9. [PMID: 29529334] Google Scholar2 Food and Drug Administration. Background document for meeting of Advisory Committee for Reproductive Health Drugs and Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee. 9 Sep 2011. Accessed at http://web.archive.org/web/20110908232331/http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/DrugSafetyandRiskManagementAdvisoryCommittee/UCM270958.pdf on 23 Oct 2020. Google Scholar3 Drieling RL, LaCroix AZ, Beresford SA, et al. Long-term oral bisphosphonate therapy and fractures in older women: The Women's Health Initiative. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65:1924-31. [PMID: 28555811] Google Scholar4 Curtis JR, Saag KG, Arora T, et al. Duration of bisphosphonate drug holidays and associated fracture risk. Med Care. 2020;58:419-26. [PMID: 31985584] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (S.M.O.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M20-7312.This article was published at Annals.org on 5 January 2021. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics January 2021Volume 174, Issue 1Page: JC9KeywordsBoneDrugsElectronic medical recordsFemurHealth careHipHip fracturesMedical risk factorsOsteoporosisRacial and ethnic issues ePublished: 5 January 2021 Issue Published: January 2021 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2021 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Targeting glutamine dependence through GLS1 inhibition suppresses ARID1A-inactivated clear cell ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Shuai Wu, Takeshi Fukumoto, Jianhuang Lin, Timothy Nacarelli, Yemin Wang, Dionzie Ong, Heng Liu, Nail Fatkhutdinov, Joseph A. Zundell, Sergey Karakashev, Wei Zhou, Lauren E. Schwartz, Hsin-Yao Tang, Ronny Drapkin, Qin Liu, David G. Huntsman, Andrew V. Kossenkov, David W. Speicher, Zachary T. Schug, Chi Van Dang, Rugang Zhang
Journal: Nature Cancer (2021)
Bupropion and Naltrexone in Methamphetamine Use Disorder
Authors: Madhukar H Trivedi, Robrina Walker, Walter Ling, Adriane Dela Cruz, Gaurav Sharma, Thomas Carmody, Udi E Ghitza, Aimee Wahle, Mora Kim, Kathy Shores-Wilson, Steven Sparenborg, Phillip Coffin, Joy Schmitz, Katharina Wiest, Gavin Bart, Susan C Sonne, Sidarth Wakhlu, A John Rush, Edward V Nunes, Steven Shoptaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

The use of naltrexone plus bupropion to treat methamphetamine use disorder has not been well studied. We conducted this multisite, double-blind, two-stage, placebo-controlled trial with the use of a sequential parallel comparison design to evaluate the efficacy and safety of extended-release injectable naltrexone (380 mg every 3 weeks) plus oral extended-release bupropion (450 mg per day) in adults with moderate or severe methamphetamine use disorder. In the first stage of the trial, participants were randomly assigned in a 0.26:0.74 ratio to receive naltrexone-bupropion or matching injectable and oral placebo for 6 weeks. Those in the placebo group who did not have a response in stage 1 underwent rerandomization in stage 2 and were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive naltrexone-bupropion or placebo for an additional 6 weeks. Urine samples were obtained from participants twice weekly. The primary outcome was a response, defined as at least three methamphetamine-negative urine samples out of four samples obtained at the end of stage 1 or stage 2, and the weighted average of the responses in the two stages is reported. The treatment effect was defined as the between-group difference in the overall weighted responses. A total of 403 participants were enrolled in stage 1, and 225 in stage 2. In the first stage, 18 of 109 participants (16.5%) in the naltrexone-bupropion group and 10 of 294 (3.4%) in the placebo group had a response. In the second stage, 13 of 114 (11.4%) in the naltrexone-bupropion group and 2 of 111 (1.8%) in the placebo group had a response. The weighted average response across the two stages was 13.6% with naltrexone-bupropion and 2.5% with placebo, for an overall treatment effect of 11.1 percentage points (Wald z-test statistic, 4.53; P<0.001). Adverse events with naltrexone-bupropion included gastrointestinal disorders, tremor, malaise, hyperhidrosis, and anorexia. Serious adverse events occurred in 8 of 223 participants (3.6%) who received naltrexone-bupropion during the trial. Among adults with methamphetamine use disorder, the response over a period of 12 weeks among participants who received extended-release injectable naltrexone plus oral extended-release bupropion was low but was higher than that among participants who received placebo. (Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and others; ADAPT-2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03078075.).
Reporting Clinical Studies Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidelines for Authors
Authors: Roy H. Perlis, Sebastien J. P. A. Haneuse, Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Stephan D. Fihn, Frederick P. Rivara
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected every area of society, and clinical investigation is no exception. 1The unprecedented speed and volume of scientific reports related to COVID-19, while challenging for editors and reviewers, is a testament to investigators' determination to continue their work. 2 the other hand, the pandemic has also necessitated substantial changes in the conduct of medical research, particularly clinical trials and prospective observational studies.Maintaining participant and study staff safety has often required modifications to the design and conduct of studies, impacting everything from recruitment to follow-up and sometimes delaying analysis and reporting of results.In this Editorial we provide guidance to authors on how to acknowledge any COVID-19 pandemic-related changes to their studies in submitted manuscripts.Our goal is to make authors aware of expectations regarding transparent communication of study results that may have been affected by the pandemic.Specifically, for studies that have been affected by the pandemic, the Methods section should include a subsection titled "Changes in Response to the COVID-19Pandemic" and incorporate the following information, as applicable. Change in Study ProtocolPandemic research conditions may require a range of revisions to study protocols.These may include modifications to the eligibility criteria, the intervention, the outcome measure, and the analysis.As expected with any clinical trial, the editors expect that any significant modifications to the protocol will be clearly indicated in an amendment to the protocol and will be reflected in an updated study registration (eg, at ClinicalTrials.gov or equivalent).If the primary outcome is modified, this will need to be justified, and the original primary outcome must still be presented even if only available for a subset of patients.Such modifications to the protocol may require review by an ethics oversight board or data safety monitoring board, which should also be noted (even if such review was formally waived or exempted).Changes to the study population or intervention, even those the investigators believe are minimal, may lead to heterogeneous effects within the trial.Supplemental analyses should be presented to investigate this possibility by exploring treatment effect interactions by subpopulations or changes in interventions, including intervention delivery, necessitated by COVID-19. Trial Delays and InterruptionsWe recognize that the pandemic may lead to a delay in reporting results, which will not preclude consideration for publication in JAMA Network Open, if reasonable and justified in the manuscript.Any interruptions in study recruitment or follow-up should be stated with start and stop dates.
Circulating miR-1 And miR-133b Correlate With Subclinical Myocardial Injury In Breast Cancer Patients Under Doxorubicin Treatment
Authors: Vagner Oliveira-Carvalho, Ludmila R. Ferreira, Danielle P. Borges, Silvia M. Ayub-Ferreira, Mônica S. Ávila, Sara M. Brandão, Fátima Cruz, Edécio Cunha-Neto, Edimar A. Bocchi
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)
Long-term Complications of Bariatric Surgery—Reply
Authors: David E. Arterburn, Robert F. Kushner, Anita P. Courcoulas
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rhizosphere ‘Trade’ Is an Unnecessary Analogy: Response to Noë
Authors: Cindy E. Prescott, Sue J. Grayston, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari, Eva Kaštovská, Christian Körner, Hans Lambers, Ina C. Meier, Peter Millard, Ivika Ostonen
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2021)
Efficacy of Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound (R-EBUS) guided transbronchial cryobiopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL...s): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: P.B. Sryma, S. Mittal, N.K. Madan, P. Tiwari, V. Hadda, A. Mohan, R. Guleria, K. Madan
Journal: Pulmonology (2021)

Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) is frequently described for the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD). A few studies have reported transbronchial cryobiopsy for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL...s). We aimed to study the utility and safety of transbronchial cryobiopsy for the diagnosis of PPL...s.We performed a systematic search of the PubMed and Embase databases to extract the relevant studies. We then performed a meta-analysis to calculate the diagnostic yields of transbronchial cryobiopsy and bronchoscopic forceps biopsy.Following a systematic search, we identified nine relevant studies (300 patients undergoing cryobiopsy). All used Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound (R-EBUS) for PPL localization. The pooled diagnostic yield of transbronchial cryobiopsy was 77% (95% CI, 71%...84%) (I^2=38.72%, p=0.11). The diagnostic yield of forceps biopsy was 72% (95% CI, 60%...83%) (I^2=78.56%, p<0.01). The diagnostic yield of cryobiopsy and forceps biopsy was similar (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.96...1.15), with a 5% risk difference for diagnostic yield (95% CI, ...6% to 15%). There was significant heterogeneity (I^2=57.2%, p=0.017), and no significant publication bias. One severe bleeding and three pneumothoraxes requiring intercostal drain (ICD) placement (major complication rate 4/122, 1.8%) were reported with transbronchial cryobiopsy.R-EBUS guided transbronchial cryobiopsy is a safe and efficacious modality. The diagnostic yields of TBLC and forceps biopsy are similar. More extensive multicentre randomized trials are required for the further evaluation and standardization of transbronchial cryobiopsy for PPL...s.
Robust breast cancer detection in mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis using an annotation-efficient deep learning approach
Authors: William Lotter, Abdul Rahman Diab, Bryan Haslam, Jiye G. Kim, Giorgia Grisot, Eric Wu, Kevin Wu, Jorge Onieva Onieva, Yun Boyer, Jerrold L. Boxerman, Meiyun Wang, Mack Bandler, Gopal R. Vijayaraghavan, A. Gregory Sorensen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)
Initiation and termination of dialysis in older patients with advanced cancer: providing guidance in a complicated situation
Authors: Ben Sprangers, Annelien Van der Veen, Marije E Hamaker, Siri Rostoft, Sheron Latcha, Stuart M Lichtman, Bart de Moor, Hans Wildiers
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2021)

Cancer and chronic kidney disease prevalence both increase with age. As a consequence, physicians are more frequently encountering older people with cancer who need dialysis, or patients on dialysis diagnosed with cancer. Decisions in this context are particularly complex and multifaceted. In this Review, we aim to provide an overview of the key points to address when making a treatment strategy in these patients. We provide information on what happens if dialysis is not started or is stopped, and how physicians should deal with such patients. Informed decisions about dialysis require a personalised care plan that considers the prognosis and treatment options for each condition while also respecting patient preferences. The concept of prognosis should include quality-of-life considerations, functional status, and burden of care. Close collaboration between oncologists, nephrologists, and geriatricians is crucial to making optimal treatment decisions, and several tools are available for estimating cancer prognosis, prognosis of renal disease, and general age-related prognosis. Emerging evidence shows that these geriatric assessment tools, which measure degrees of frailty, are useful in patients with chronic kidney disease. In this Review, we try to hand tools to practising physicians, to guide decision making regarding the initiation and termination of dialysis in patients with advanced cancer.
Infographic. When is abnormal normal? Reframing MRI abnormalities as a normal part of ageing
Authors: Adam G Culvenor, Marcella Ferraz Pazzinatto, Joshua J Heerey
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

Sports and exercise medicine clinicians often refer for diagnostic imaging to help direct clinical management. The use of musculoskeletal MRI has risen rapidly in recent decades, yet the clinical benefit of MRI is uncertain.1 Imaging is useful for the differential diagnosis of many health conditions, including possible red flags, however, there are growing concerns of potential harm from MRIs caused by clinicians misinterpreting results triggering unnecessary interventions escalating patient fear/distress.2 Evidence-based reporting and clinically relevant interpretation of MRIs is critical.

Recognising the clinical significance of MRI findings is often a challenge given the substantial discordance …
Natural history of the TT virus infection through follow-up of TTV DNA–positive multiple-transfused patients
Authors: Jean-Jacques Lefrère, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, François Lefrère, Alain Kanfer, Martine Mariotti, Joelle Lerable, Micheline Thauvin, Guillaume Lefèvre, Philippe Rouger, Robert Girot
Journal: Blood (2000)
Investigating the genetic architecture of noncognitive skills using GWAS-by-subtraction
Authors: Perline A. Demange, Margherita Malanchini, Travis T. Mallard, Pietro Biroli, Simon R. Cox, Andrew D. Grotzinger, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, Abdel Abdellaoui, Louise Arseneault, Elsje van Bergen, Dorret I. Boomsma, Avshalom Caspi, David L. Corcoran, Benjamin W. Domingue, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Hill F. Ip, Colter Mitchell, Terrie E. Moffitt, Richie Poulton, Joseph A. Prinz, Karen Sugden, Jasmin Wertz, Benjamin S. Williams, Eveline L. de Zeeuw, Daniel W. Belsky, K. Paige Harden, Michel G. Nivard
Journal: Nature Genetics (2021)