tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rituximab-resistant splenic memory B cells and newly engaged naive B cells fuel relapses in patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Etienne Crickx, Pascal Chappert, Aurélien Sokal, Sandra Weller, Imane Azzaoui, Alexis Vandenberghe, Guillaume Bonnard, Geoffrey Rossi, Tatiana Fadeev, Sébastien Storck, Jehane Fadlallah, Véronique Meignin, Etienne Rivière, Sylvain Audia, Bertrand Godeau, Marc Michel, Jean-Claude Weill, Claude-Agnès Reynaud, Matthieu Mahévas
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Rituximab-resistant memory B cells and newly engaged naive B cells join to fuel subsequent autoimmune responses in patients with relapsing ITP.
Ethical Considerations of Wearable Technologies in Human Research
Authors: Jiaobing Tu, Wei Gao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Wearable technologies hold great promise for disease diagnosis and patient care. Despite the flourishing research activities in this field, only a handful of wearable devices are commercialized and cleared for medical usage. The successful translation of current proof-of-concept prototypes requires extensive in-human testing. There is a lag between current standards and operation protocols to guide the responsible and ethical conduct of researchers in such in-human studies and the rapid development of the field. This essay presents relevant ethical concerns in early-stage human research from a researcher's perspective.
Endoscopic evaluation of surgically altered bowel in inflammatory bowel disease: a consensus guideline from the Global Interventional Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group
Authors: Bo Shen, Gursimran S Kochhar, Udayakumar Navaneethan, Raymond K Cross, Francis A Farraye, Marietta Iacucci, David A Schwartz, Yago Gonzalez-Lama, Jason Schairer, Ravi P Kiran, Paulo Gustavo Kotze, Taku Kobayashi, Martin Bortlik, Xiuli Liu, Alexander N Levy, Begoña González Suárez, Shou-Jiang Tang, Nayantara Coelho-Prabhu, Martin Lukas, David H Bruining, Sandra El-Hachem, Roger J Charles, Yan Chen, Ajit Sood, Ren Mao, Carme Loras, Parambir S Dulai, Joseph A Picoraro, Michael Chiorean, Milan Lukas, Amandeep Shergill, Mark S Silverberg, William J Sandborn, Charles N Bernstein
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2021)
Care without a compass: Including patients with cancer in COVID-19 studies
Authors: Christopher R. Friese, Toni K. Choueiri, Narjust Duma, Dimitrios Farmakiotis, Petros Grivas, Brian I. Rini, Dimpy P. Shah, Michael A. Thompson, Steven A. Pergam, Sanjay Mishra, Jeremy L. Warner
Journal: Cancer Cell (2021)
Comparison Between In-Person and Audio-Only Virtual Prenatal Visits and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Elaine L. Duryea, Emily H. Adhikari, Anne Ambia, Catherine Spong, Donald McIntire, David B. Nelson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Ensuring access to prenatal care services in the US is challenging, and implementation of telehealth options was limited before the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in vulnerable populations, given the regulatory requirements for video visit technology. <h3>Objective</h3> To explore the association of audio-only virtual prenatal care with perinatal outcomes. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study compared perinatal outcomes of women who delivered between May 1 and October 31, 2019 (n = 6559), and received in-person prenatal visits only with those who delivered between May 1 and October 31, 2020 (n = 6048), when audio-only virtual visits were integrated into prenatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic, as feasible based on pregnancy complications. Parkland Health and Hospital System in Dallas, Texas, provides care to the vulnerable obstetric population of the county via a high-volume prenatal clinic system and public maternity hospital. All deliveries of infants weighing more than 500 g, whether live or stillborn, were included. <h3>Exposures</h3> Prenatal care incorporating audio-only prenatal care visits. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was a composite of placental abruption, stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit admission in a full-term (≥37 weeks) infant, and umbilical cord blood pH less than 7.0. Visit data, maternal characteristics, and other perinatal outcomes were also examined. <h3>Results</h3> The mean (SD) age of the 6559 women who delivered in 2019 was 27.8 (6.4) years, and the age of the 6048 women who delivered in 2020 was 27.7 (6.5) years (<i>P</i> = .38). Of women delivering in 2020, 1090 (18.0%) were non-Hispanic Black compared with 1067 (16.3%) in 2019 (<i>P</i> = .04). In the 2020 cohort, 4067 women (67.2%) attended at least 1 and 1216 women (20.1%) attended at least 3 audio-only virtual prenatal visits. Women who delivered in 2020 attended a greater mean (SD) number of prenatal visits compared with women who delivered in 2019 (9.8 [3.4] vs 9.4 [3.8] visits;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). In the 2020 cohort, 173 women (2.9%) experienced the composite outcome, which was not significantly different than the 195 women (3.0%) in 2019 (<i>P</i> = .71). In addition, the rate of the composite outcome did not differ substantially when examined according to the number of audio-only virtual visits attended. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Implementation of audio-only virtual prenatal visits was not associated with changes in perinatal outcomes and increased prenatal visit attendance in a vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic when used in a risk-appropriate model.
Remote Patient Monitoring — Overdue or Overused?
Authors: Keizra Mecklai, Nicholas Smith, Ariel D. Stern, Daniel B. Kramer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

As the use of remote patient monitoring services grows — driven by health care limitations imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic — clinicians, payers, and patients face important questions regarding the volume, value, and appropriate use of this care model.
Evaluation of the Hemostatic Profile in Mice with Chronic Liver Disease: Effects of Protein S and Combined Gas6 and Protein S Deficiencies
Authors: Sara Calzavarini, Natacha Dewarrat, Jovana Jankovic, Claudia Quarroz, Maria Desiré Reina Caro, Raja Prince, Andrea de Gottardi, Anne Angelillo-Scherrer
Journal: Blood (2017)
Developing a local framework for the Brazilian food system incorporating socioeconomic, nutritional, and environmental aspects
Authors: Aline Martins de Carvalho, Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni, Andrew D Jones
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2021)

BackgroundThe sustainability of food systems is commonly measured at the global or national level; however, the same measures and frameworks are not suitable for use at subnational levels, because data for many indicators are not available or are not applicable for states or cities. Furthermore, within large countries such as Brazil, food systems vary by state or region. We present the Sustainable Food System Assessment Framework for Brazil, which considers local behaviours and actions that can be used to compare states and regions of the country and their development over time.MethodsWe did a literature review to identify suitable dimensions and indicators for inclusion in the Sustainable Food System Assessment Framework using exclusion criteria that considered relevance, analytical robustness, and clear measurability. This process yielded 25 indicators divided into three dimensions: environmental, socioeconomic, and nutritional.FindingsIndicators included in the environmental dimension were the carbon footprint of diets, the water footprint of diets, greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, water use from agriculture, and fertiliser use. For the socioeconomic dimension, indicators included gender equality in agriculture, government food incentives for farmers, food access, food affordability, and food security. For the nutritional dimension, indicators included dietary diversity, undernutrition, being overweight, and diet quality.InterpretationThis framework enables the comparison of states on the basis of their performance regarding the included indicators and dimensions. Such comparisons can help policy makers to understand opportunities for improving their food systems, for identifying key indicators of improvement, and for designing new policies and interventions. The framework also enables comparison of states over time, which is also a starting point to monitor progress and ascertain whether actions and policies are effective. This study might also help other countries to develop their own frameworks and strategies to improve their local food systems.FundingNone.
Association of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid With Thromboembolic Events and Mortality
Authors: Isabel Taeuber, Stephanie Weibel, Eva Herrmann, Vanessa Neef, Tobias Schlesinger, Peter Kranke, Leila Messroghli, Kai Zacharowski, Suma Choorapoikayil, Patrick Meybohm
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an efficient antifibrinolytic agent; however, concerns remain about the potential adverse effects, particularly vascular occlusive events, that may be associated with its use.
Recent advances in the pathophysiology of <scp>PIEZO1</scp>‐related hereditary xerocytosis
Authors: Nicolas Jankovsky, Alexis Caulier, Julien Demagny, Corinne Guitton, Stefan Djordjevic, Delphine Lebon, Hakim Ouled‐Haddou, Véronique Picard, Loïc Garçon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2021)

Hereditary xerocytosis is a rare red blood cell disease related to gain-of-function mutations in the FAM38A gene, encoding PIEZO1, in 90% of cases; PIEZO1 is a broadly expressed mechano-transducer that plays a major role in many cell systems and tissues that respond to mechanical stress. In erythrocytes, PIEZO1 adapts the intracellular ionic content and cell hydration status to the mechanical constraints induced by the environment. Until recently, the pathophysiology of hereditary xerocytosis was mainly believed to be based on the "PIEZO1-Gardos channel axis" in erythrocytes, according to which PIEZO1-activating mutations induce a calcium influx that secondarily activates the Gardos channel, leading to potassium and water efflux and subsequently to red blood cell dehydration. However, recent studies have demonstrated additional roles for PIEZO1 during early erythropoiesis and reticulocyte maturation, as well as roles in other tissues and cells such as lymphatic vessels, hepatocytes, macrophages and platelets that may affect the pathophysiology of the disease. These findings, presented and discussed in this review, broaden our understanding of hereditary xerocytosis beyond that of primarily being a red blood cell disease and identify potential therapeutic targets.
Mepolizumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (SYNAPSE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Joseph K Han, Claus Bachert, Wytske Fokkens, Martin Desrosiers, Martin Wagenmann, Stella E Lee, Steven G Smith, Neil Martin, Bhabita Mayer, Steven W Yancey, Ana R Sousa, Robert Chan, Claire Hopkins, Cecilia Ahlström Emanuelsson, Ledit Ardusso, Michael Armstrong, Philip Bardin, Sara Barnes, Miguel Bergna, Christian Betz, Achim Beule, James Blotter, Valeriu Bronescu, Matthew Brown, Sean Carrie, Adam Chaker, Hyung-Ju Cho, Marie-Noëlle Corriveau, Timothy Courville, Mandy Cuevas, Cecelia Damask, Adam DeConde, Jaime Del Carpio, María De Salvo, Hun-Jong Dhong, Stephen Durham, Anton Edin, Dale Ehmer Jr, Pedro Elías, Adil Fatakia, Christine Franzese, Simon Gane, Gabriel García, Andrew Gillman, Moritz Groeger, Richard Harvey, Johan Hellgren, Thomas Higgins, Jonathan Hobson, Mattias Jangard, Arif Janjua, Naveed Kara, Sergey Karpischenko, Edward Kerwin, Fatimat Khanova, Shaun Kilty, Chang-Hoon Kim, Seontae Kim, Ludger Klimek, Craig LaForce, Samuel Leong, Bradley Marple, Anders Mårtensson, Jorge Maspero, Neil Massey, Jonathan Matz, Chad McDuffie, Corina Mella, Steven Miller, Ekaterina Mirzabekyan, Jonathan Moss, Nayla Mumneh, Robert Nathan, Adriana Neagos, Heidi Olze, Andrey Ovchinnikov, Randall Ow, Dmitriy Polyakov, Doinel Radeanu, Chae-Seo Rhee, Ramón Rojas, Jeffrey Rosenbloom, Sergei Ryazantsev, Chady Sader, Pablo Saez Scherbovsky, Guy Scadding, Rodney Schlosser, Heena Shah-Patel, Ronald Shealy, Ayesha Siddiqi, Stacey Silvers, Narinder Singh, Doron Sommer, Weily Soong, Leigh Sowerby, Peter Spafford, Catalin Stefan, Richard Sterling, Valeriy Svistushkin, Neetu Talreja, Galina Tarasova, Martha Tarpay, Alberto Tolcachier, Karin Toll Toll, Carolina van Schaik, Luke Webb, H James Wedner, Luis Wehbe, Soo Whan Kim, Barbara Wollenberg, Simon Wright, Vladimir Yakusevich, Anahí Yañez, Yury Yarin, David Yen, Hyo Yeol Kim
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)
Accuracy of 18-F Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomographic/Computed Tomographic Imaging in Primary Staging of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Christian Linz, Roman C. Brands, Theresia Herterich, Stefan Hartmann, Urs Müller-Richter, Alexander C. Kübler, Lukas Haug, Olivia Kertels, Thorsten A. Bley, Alexander Dierks, Andreas K. Buck, Constantin Lapa, Joachim Brumberg
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity is one of the most common tumor entities worldwide. Precise initial staging is necessary to determine a diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.To examine the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic/computed tomographic (PET/CT) imaging in detecting cervical lymph node metastases.This prospective diagnostic study was performed at a single tertiary reference center between June 1, 2013, and January 31, 2016. Data were analyzed from April 7, 2018, through May 31, 2019. Observers of the FDG PET/CT imaging were blinded to patients' tumor stage. A total of 150 treatment-naive patients with clinical suspicion of SCC of the oral cavity were enrolled.All patients underwent FDG PET/CT imaging before local tumor resection with selective or complete neck dissection.The accuracy of FDG PET/CT in localizing primary tumor, lymph node, and distant metastases was tested. Histopathologic characteristics of the tissue samples served as the standard of reference.Of the 150 patients enrolled, 135 patients (74 [54.8%] men) with a median age of 63 years (range, 23-88 years) met the inclusion criteria (histopathologically confirmed primary SCC of the oral cavity/level-based histopathologic assessment of the resected lymph nodes). Thirty-six patients (26.7%) in the study cohort had neck metastases. Use of FDG PET/CT detected cervical lymph node metastasis with 83.3% sensitivity (95% CI, 71.2%-95.5%) and 84.8% specificity (95% CI, 77.8%-91.9%) and had a negative predictive value of 93.3% (95% CI, 88.2%-98.5%). The specificity was higher than for contrast-enhanced cervical CT imaging (67.0%; 95% CI, 57.4%-76.7%; P < .01) and cervical magnetic resonance imaging (62.6%; 95% CI, 52.7%-72.6%; P < .001). Ipsilateral lymph node metastasis in left- or right-sided primary tumor sites was detected with 78.6% sensitivity (95% CI, 63.4%-93.8%) and 83.1% specificity (95% CI, 75.1%-91.2%), and contralateral metastatic involvement was detected with 66.7% sensitivity (95% CI, 28.9%-100.0%) and 98.6% specificity (95% CI, 95.9%-100.0%). No distant metastases were observed.In this study, FDG PET/CT imaging had a high negative predictive value in detecting cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with newly diagnosed, treatment-naive SCC of the oral cavity. Routine clinical use of FDG PET/CT might lead to a substantial reduction of treatment-related morbidity in most patients.
Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of TRK Fusion Cancer
Authors: Theodore W. Laetsch, David S. Hong
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Chromosomal rearrangements of NTRK1–3 resulting in gene fusions (NTRK gene fusions) have been clinically validated as oncogenic drivers in a wide range of human cancers. Typically, NTRK gene fusions involve both inter- and intrachromosomal fusions of the 5′ regions of a variety of genes with the 3′ regions of NTRK genes leading to TRK fusion proteins with constitutive, ligand-independent activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase. The incidence of NTRK gene fusions can range from the majority of cases in certain rare cancers to lower rates in a wide range of more common cancers. Two small-molecule TRK inhibitors have recently received regulatory approval for the treatment of patients with solid tumors harboring NTRK gene fusions, including the selective TRK inhibitor larotrectinib and the TRK/ROS1/ALK multikinase inhibitor entrectinib. In this review, we consider the practicalities of detecting tumors harboring NTRK gene fusions, the pharmacologic properties of TRK inhibitors currently in clinical development, the clinical evidence for larotrectinib and entrectinib efficacy, and possible resistance mechanisms.
Human <i>KIT</i>+ myeloid cells facilitate visceral metastasis by melanoma
Authors: Chun I. Yu, Jan Martinek, Te-Chia Wu, Kyung In Kim, Joshy George, Elaheh Ahmadzadeh, Rick Maser, Florentina Marches, Patrick Metang, Pierre Authie, Vanessa K.P. Oliveira, Victor G. Wang, Jeffrey H. Chuang, Paul Robson, Jacques Banchereau, Karolina Palucka
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

Metastasis of melanoma significantly worsens prognosis; thus, therapeutic interventions that prevent metastasis could improve patient outcomes. Here, we show using humanized mice that colonization of distant visceral organs with melanoma is dependent upon a human CD33+CD11b+CD117+ progenitor cell subset comprising &amp;lt;4% of the human CD45+ leukocytes. Metastatic tumor-infiltrating CD33+ cells from patients and humanized (h)NSG-SGM3 mice showed converging transcriptional profiles. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis identified a gene signature of a KIT/CD117–expressing CD33+ subset that correlated with decreased overall survival in a TCGA melanoma cohort. Thus, human CD33+CD11b+CD117+ myeloid cells represent a novel candidate biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for metastatic melanoma.
Abstract 16537: Left Atrial Strain in Evaluation of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Zi Ye, William Miranda, Darwin F Yeung, Garvan Kane, Jae K Oh
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) may have elevated left ventricular filling pressure with exercise (LVFP-ex), despite normal LVFP at rest. We aimed to assess the diagnostic value of resting left atrial strain (LAS) in detecting elevated LVFP-ex in dyspneic patients evaluated by exercise stress echocardiography. Methods: We performed 2D-speckle tracking analysis for LAS in 669 consecutive patients (mean age 64 ± 14, men 53%) who underwent treadmill echocardiography evaluation and had LV ejection fraction ≥50%. Assessment of LVFP at rest was based on the 2016 ASE Guidelines for diastolic function assessment. We used the 2019 ESC HFA-PEEF diagnostic algorithm to define elevated LVFP-ex (early mitral inflow wave/septal early diastolic tissue velocity (E/e’) ≥ 15 after exercise) and calculate a continuous HFA-PEEF score. Results: LAS reservoir was lowest in patients with elevated LVFP at rest (n=81) and lower in those with normal resting FP who developed elevated LVFP-ex (n=108) compared to those who maintained normal LVFP-ex (29.0 ± 5.2% vs. 33.1 ± 5.0% vs.39.3 ± 4.8%, p &lt; 0.001). In patients with normal or indeterminate LVFP at rest (n=587), LAS reservoir and pre-exercise HFA-PEEF score demonstrated an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.82 and 0.7 respectively for elevated LVFP-ex. There was a 28% higher odds of developing elevated LVFP-ex per 1% decrease in LAS reservoir (odds ratio, 95%CI: 0.78, 0.74 - 0.82). In patients with the intermediate score (n=461), 123 patients developed elevation in LVFP with exercise and were classified as having HFpEF per the diagnostic algorithm. Addition of LAS reservoir improved the predictive value of HFA-PEEF score for HFpEF (AUC increased from 0.71 to 0.80, p for ΔAUC =0.01). Conclusions: LAS reservoir has a potential to identify patients at intermediate-risk for HFpEF who may develop elevated LVFP with exercise only, and therefore a promising parameter to aid in the diagnosis of HFpEF when exercise testing is not feasible.
心房細動は冠状動脈バイパスと経皮的冠状動脈形成術後における突然心臓死の有意な予測因子である(CREDO-Kyoto)
Authors: Nishiyama Kei, Shizuta Satoshi, Doi Takahiro, Furukawa Yutaka, Kimura Takesi
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Potential for Manganese-Induced Neurologic Harm to Formula-Fed Infants: A Risk Assessment of Total Oral Exposure
Authors: Deanna P. Scher, Helen M. Goeden, Kristine S. Klos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

BACKGROUND: High oral exposure and biological vulnerabilities may put formula-fed infants at risk for manganese-induced neurotoxicity.OBJECTIVES: We sought to characterize manganese concentrations in public drinking water and prepared infant formulas commonly purchased in the United States, integrate information from these sources into a health risk assessment specific to formula-fed infants, and examine whether households that receive water with elevated manganese concentrations avoid or treat the water, which has implications for formula preparation.METHODS: Manganese was measured in 27 infant formulas and nearly all Minnesota community public water systems (CPWS).The risk assessment produced central tendency and upper-end exposure estimates that were compared to a neonatal animal-based health reference dose (RfD) and considered possible differences in bioavailability.A survey study assessed esthetic concerns, treatment, and use of water in a Twin Cities community with various levels of manganese in drinking water.RESULTS: Ten percent of CPWSs were estimated to exceed the EPA health advisory level of 300 lg=L.Manganese concentrations in formula ranged from 69.8 to 741 lg=L, with amino acid >soy >cow's milk formula concentrations.Central tendency estimates of soy and amino acid formula reconstituted with water at the CPWS 95th percentile manganese concentration exceeded the neonatal-based RfD.Upper-end estimates of manganese intake from formula alone, independent of any water contribution, equaled or exceeded the neonatal-based RfD.In the survey study, we observed increased awareness of esthetic issues and water avoidance at higher manganese concentrations, but these concentrations were not a reliable consumption deterrent, as the majority of households with inside tap drinking water results above 300 lg=L reported drinking the water.DISCUSSION: Excessive exposure to manganese early in life can have long-lasting neurological impacts.This assessment underscores the potential for manganese overexposure in formula-fed infants.U.S. agencies that regulate formula and drinking water must work collaboratively to assess and mitigate potential risks.