tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doctors should actively support campaign to ban landmines
Authors: C. Leveaux
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Each year landmines kill and maim 26 000 people, many of them children. John Pearn's editorial calling for a ban on these indiscriminate weapons was published shortly before the third session of the review conference of the United Nations convention on inhumane weapons, which had the power to ban these weapons. The outcome of the session was, according to the UN's secretary general, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, “deeply disappointing”; a ban was not even an option. Commenting on the first of the three sessions …
New Chemotherapeutic Agents in Liver Cancer
Authors: Franco M. Muggia, Michael D. Green
Journal: Liver Cancer (1985)

Therapeutic concepts in hepatocellular carcinoma and bile duct carcinoma are undergoing considerable change. Technologic advances have stimulated the use of investigational approaches including resection, embolization, intra-arterial cytotoxic therapy, radiation, and a combination of these, as well as the trial of new and standard drugs or combination regimens by the systemic route. Pharmacologic studies are becoming more frequent and are essential for the proper evaluation. The interpretation of results is difficult because of the paucity of information on natural history or any large series of adequately staged and similarly treated patients. In the review of data on single drugs, it should be kept in mind that there is often inadequate therapeutic information and an inadequate description of prognostic factors. Data on bile duct carcinoma are not available beyond some small experience with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or 5-FU combinations [1,2,3, and chapter 15].
Abstract 509: Acarbose, but not metformin, reduces tumor burden and improves intra-tumoral immune responses in a pre-clinical breast cancer model
Authors: William J. Turbitt, Rachael M. Orlandella, Justin T. Gibson, Lyse A. Norian
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Finding ways to enhance T cell infiltration into tumors and boost effector function remains a critical knowledge gap that must be addressed to improve responses to immune-stimulatory therapies. Acarbose and metformin are FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of type two diabetes that display potent anti-hyperglycemic activity. A treatment strategy that decreases intra-tumoral glucose could reduce cancer cell viability and render tumors more susceptible to immunotherapy-mediated clearance. The goal of the current study was to determine if acarbose and/or metformin reduce tumor burdens and promote anti-tumor immunity in a preclinical model of breast cancer. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were orthotopically injected with EO771-Fluc mammary tumor cells then randomized to control (CTRL), CTRL+acarbose (ACA), CTRL+metformin (MET), or acarbose+metformin (ACA+MET) for four weeks. Compared to CTRL, single-agent ACA reduced primary tumor growth (50% decrease; p&amp;lt;0.001) and spontaneous lung metastases (48% decrease; p=0.035) without altering body weight. No effects of single-agent MET or the combination of ACA+MET on EO771 tumor growth or spontaneous lung metastases were observed. nanoString analysis of whole-tumors revealed increased dendritic cell-, T cell-, T helper 1 cell-, CD8+ T cell-, and exhausted CD8+ T cell-based gene signature scores in ACA compared to CTRL-fed mice. Cellular analysis revealed an ACA-induced increase in the percent of tumor-infiltrating PD-1+CD8+ T cells (p=0.042) and a trend toward decreased tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells, resulting in improved CD8:MDSC ratios. The beneficial effects of ACA on intra-tumoral immunity, specifically promoting T cell immunity within the tumor microenvironment, illustrate the potential for future combined use of ACA with immunotherapies, such as PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade. Citation Format: William J. Turbitt, Rachael M. Orlandella, Justin T. Gibson, Lyse A. Norian. Acarbose, but not metformin, reduces tumor burden and improves intra-tumoral immune responses in a pre-clinical breast cancer model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 509.
Abstract 653: Muscle Ring Finger-1 (MuRF1) Expression Shifts Cardiomyocyte Substrate Utilization from Fatty Acids to Glucose
Authors: Monte S Willis, Jon Schisler, Holly McDonough, Cam Patterson
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Previous work has suggested that MuRF1, a cardiac-specific protein, regulates metabolism by its interactions with proteins that regulate ATP transport, glycolysis, and the electron transport chain. We recently identified that MuRF1 is cardioprotective in ischemia reperfusion injury. In the current study, we investigated the effects of MuRF1 expression on metabolic substrate utilization and found that MuRF1 shifts substrate utilization from fatty acids to glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Isolated neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes were treated with an adenovirus expressing MuRF1 (Ad.MuRF1) or GFP (Ad.GFP) at a range of 0–25 MOI (Multiplicity Of Infection). 14C-Oleate or 14C-glucose were added to cells for 1 hour and 14C-CO2 release was determined using the CO2-trapping method. Trapped 14CO2 and acid soluble metabolites were used to calculate total fatty acid oxidation. Cardiomyocytes treated with 5–25 MOI Ad.MuRF1 demonstrated a dose dependent decrease in fatty acid oxidation of 10.5 +/− 2.3(5 MOI), 8.5 +/− 1.9 (10 MOI), 6.6 +/− 1.6 (15 MOI), and 5.1 +/− 1.3 (25 MOI) nmol oleate/mg protein/h. Compared with control cardiomyocytes treated with 5–25 MOI Ad.GFP (average of 5–25 MOI=13.5 +/− 0.7 nmol oleate/mg protein/h), this represents a 22.2%– 62.2% decrease in fatty acid oxidation. Inversely, glucose oxidation increased with increasing MuRF1 expression. Cardiomyocytes infected with 25 MOI Ad.MuRF1 oxidized 184% more glucose (28.9 +/− 4.6 nmol glucose/mg protein/h) compared to control cells treated with 25 MOI Ad.GFP (15.7 +/− 1.3 nmol glucose/mg protein/h). Increasing MuRF1 expression resulted in no net gain or loss of calculated ATP production (1699 +/− 157 vs. 1480 +/− 188 nmol ATP/mg protein/h). The co-utilization of glucose and fatty acids as substrates for the production of ATP allows the heart to adapt to both environmental stress and disease. Increasing the relative proportion of glucose oxidation in relationship to fatty acids is a known protective mechanism during cardiac stress, and may represent one mechanism by which MuRF1 is cardioprotective.
Abstract 16803: Number of Vessels with Coronary Artery Calcium and Improved Prediction of All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Michael J Blaha, Matthew J Budoff, Parag Joshi, Seamus Whelton, Irfan Zeb, John Rumberger, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Roger S Blumenthal, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: While the traditional Agatston coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is a powerful predictor of mortality, it is unknown if inclusion of regional distribution of calcified plaque improves...
Space Medicine: The Human Factor in Flights Beyond the Earth
Authors: John Porter Marbarger
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Protocol balanced ethical principles
Authors: J. Searle
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--I was the chairman of the working party that drew up the Exeter protocol for organ retrieval. The original protocol did not use the term “elective ventilation” because of the confusion this would cause. Last October the Department of Health issued guidance that the protocol was unlawful.1 In view of the protocol's success in increasing the number of kidneys available for donation it is not surprising that Hany Riad and Anthony Nicholls have defended it vigorously and are pressing for a change in the law.2 …
Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Rescues TF-1 Leukemia Cells From Ionizing Radiation-Induced Apoptosis Through a Pathway Mediated by Protein Kinase Cα
Authors: Mary L. Kelly, Yan Tang, Nitsa Rosensweig, Sanda Clejan, Barbara S. Beckman
Journal: Blood (1998)
Accrual to U.S. phase III clinical trials in NSCLC: Women and race/ethnic group under-representation.
Authors: L. L. Garland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e18073 Background: The development of EGFR inhibitors in NSCLC has revealed the importance of gender and race/ethnicity in the differential efficacy of this class of anticancer agent, with tissue-based studies defining associated distinct tumor molecular profiles. These concepts underscore the importance of gender and race/ethnic representation in clinical trials commensurate with the incidence of lung cancer in the general population. Methods: A Medline and conference proceedings search identified NSCLC ph III treatment trials conducted in the U.S. only, reported over the last 10 years. Gender and race/ethnic representation was correlated with trends in lung cancer incidence. To estimate the representation of race/ethnicity in NSCLC, demographic data from histologically confirmed NSCLC tumors was utilized. Databases were SEER and Cancer Statistics, 1996-2009;CA:Cancer J Clin, 1996-2006. Results: From 1996-2006, 5413 pts were accrued to 7 Ph III cooperative group or industry NSCLC trials. Women comprised 31-41.4% of pts accrued to 6 trials open to all histologic subtypes, and 45.5% accrued to 1 trial for non-squamous histology only. Over this period, incidence of lung cancer (including 15% SCLC) in women ranged from 44.1% (1996) to 47% (2006). Reporting of race/ethnic demographics used 3 categories (White, Black, Other) (4 trials) with 2 trials using additional categories (Asian, PI, NA, multiracial, Hispanic). Race/ethnic representation onto trials was White (79-91%); Black (6-12%); Other (6%); Asian (2%, 2.5%); PI/NA/multiracial (< 1%); and Hispanic (2%, 2.7%). Over 2002-6, demographics for 169,690 NSCLC tumors was White (83%); Black (10%); Asian/PI (5.7%); AI/AN (0.03%); and Hispanic (5.3%). Conclusions: Women and certain race/ethnic groups were generally under-represented in Ph III NSCLC treatment trials over 1996-2006. Reporting race/ethnicity in alignment with SEER categories enhances extrapolation of study results and should be the reporting standard. Overcoming existing barriers to accrual by women and certain race/ethnic groups will promote further development of personalized medicine in lung cancer and expand access to trials testing novel agents and treatment strategies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Full treatment of the costs and benefits is needed
Authors: A S Wierzbicki, T M Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—P D P Pharoah and W Hollingworth have produced an interesting article that is of little benefit to the debate on the health economics of lowering lipid concentrations.1 The life table approach suffers from the same deficiency as we2 have pointed out for the Sheffield risk factor table.3 Megnien et al have shown that the risk table does not differ significantly from the currently accepted guidelines …
Arterial Sounds by Phases: An Object Lesson in Terminological Confusion?
Authors: Raymond Carlisle
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1981)

Korotkov's name is justly attached to the arterial sounds but it was Krylov who described their variations as phases. Ettinger added a fourth phase and denoted the lower region in which sounds are absent, as well as the boundary between, as a fifth. Thus strictly ‘Korotkov phase 4’ and ‘Korotkov phase 5’ are incorrectly attributed. Further, the variable meaning of ‘phase’ has been perpetuated so that numbering it gives a false impression of precision. Aside from the, unambiguous, systolic pressure, we could better refer to ‘pressures at muffling or at disappearance of sounds’ and indicate which of them is measured - by the use of two strokes in recording readings, e.g. as 180/120/ mmHg or 180//110 mmHg respectively. Better still would be to measure routinely all 3 relevant acoustic divisions of the occluding pressure; and record in the form 180/120/110 mmHg for the example given.
Procedure is too complex and intrusive
Authors: P. Sackin
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Douglas Carnall's courageous editorial on summative assessment in general practice should be taken seriously by the educational and regulatory establishment. I share Pereira Gray's concern at the poor performance of a small minority of doctors after “satisfactory” completion of their training,2 but I question whether this poor performance will necessarily come to light in the summative assessment now being implemented. The assessment tests are measures of what …
Treatment of Established Human Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Antithymocyte Globulin
Authors: R. Storb, E. Gluckman, E. D. Thomas, C. D. Buckner, R. A. Cliff, A. Fefer, H. Glucksberg, T. C. Graham, F. L. Johnson, K. G. Lerner, P. E. Neiman, H. Ochs
Journal: Blood (1974)
The Combination of Frailty and ISS Scores Identifies a Simple Prognostic Index for Overall Survival in Elderly Patients Treated with Novel Agents-Based Induction Therapy
Authors: Alessandra Larocca, Sara Bringhen, Roman Hajek, Maria Teresa Petrucci, Massimo Offidani, Roberto Mina, Vittorio Montefusco, Gabriele Aitoro, Claudia Cellini, Enrico Maria Pogliani, Lorenzo De Paoli, Marina Ruggeri, Laura Maracci, Oreste Villani, Chiara Nozzoli, Alessia La Fauci, Marta Chisini, Francesca Gay, Roberto Marasca, Stelvio Ballanti, Nicola Giuliani, Pellegrino Musto, Mario Boccadoro, Pieter Sonneveld, Antonio Palumbo
Journal: Blood (2014)
Interventional Real-Time Ultrasound.
Authors: Hiroki Watanabe, Masatoshi Makuuchi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

This book is composed of seven chapters by 17 contributors. The emphasis of this text is equally on specific cardiac procedures, cholangiography, biliary drainage, pancreatography, and abscess drainage as well as on needle biopsy of mass lesions. All chapters are organized according to the indications, contraindications, clinical significance, and possible complications of each procedure described. Each instrument used in these procedures is meticulously illustrated in minute detail. The chapter on techniques of needle guidance and puncture includes many solutions to technical problems, such as how to locate the needle tip under US guidance. Through the use of animal research models, this section also explores the organ damage resulting from needle punctures with various tip configurations. All of the chapters on percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, biliary drainage, gallbladder drainage, and percutaneous pancreatography are presented concisely and contain illustrations of each instrument used.
Alendronate increased bone mineral density but did not reduce new fractures in glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis
Authors: J E COMPSTON
Journal: Gut (1999)

QuestionIn patients who have osteoporosis that is induced by long term glucocorticoid treatment, is alendronate eVective for increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and reducing new fractures?Design 2 parallel randomised, placebo controlled trials with 48 weeks follow up.Setting 15 centres in the US and 22 centres in other countries.
Abstract 5541: Erythropoietin Receptor Signaling Exacerbates Neointimal Hyperplasia in the Rat Carotid Artery After Balloon Injury
Authors: Akiko Tsujimoto, Genzou Takemura, Munenori Okubo, Hiromitsu Kanamori, Atsushi Ogino, Itta Kawamura, Tomonori Kawaguchi, Toshiaki Takeyama, Takatomo Watanabe, Kazuko Goto, Masanori Kawasaki, Takako Fujiwara, Hisayoshi Fujiwara, Shinya MInatoguchi
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) was reported to accelerate reendothelialization, accompanying endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) induction, to result in suppression of neointimal hyperplasia in the carotid artery after balloon injury. We injured the right carotid artery of male SD rats (200 to 250 g) with an oversized balloon. Treatment with recombinant human EPO (1000 IU/kg/day) or asialoerythropoietin (AEPO, 1000 IU/kg/day), a nonerythrogenic derivative of EPO, was started at 1 week after injury when neointimal proliferates and continued for 3 days. The rats were examined 2 weeks after the surgery. The hemoglobin level was significantly increased in the EPO-treated rats but was unchanged in the saline control and AEPO-treated groups. FACS analysis revealed significantly increased circulating EPCs in the EPO-treated group but not in the AEPO-treated group. Reendothelialization was accelerated in both EPO- and AEPO-treated groups. However, the area of neointima was significantly greater in both treatment groups compared with the control group and accordingly the area of neointimal to medial area ratio (%) was significantly greater in the EPO- (150+/−26%) and AEPO-treated (157+/−15%) groups compared with the control group (132+/−7%). Alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cell population was also greater in both treatment groups. The incidence of proliferating cells labeled with Ki-67 antigen was significantly greater not only in the endothelium but also in the neointima of the EPO- and AEPO-treated groups compared with the control group. In conclusion, EPO receptor signaling can proliferate not only endothelial cells but also intimal smooth muscle-like cells independently of EPC induction, which might have aggravated neointimal hyperplasia when EPO receptor was stimulated at the phase of intimal proliferation after injury. These findings caution an easy use of EPO in patients after vascular intervention.
Abstract P091: A Comparison of Analytical Methods to Evaluate the Association Between Diet and Long-Term Weight Gain in Three Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Jessica D Smith, Tao Hou, Frank Hu, Eric B Rimm, Donna Spiegelman, Walter C Willett, Dariush Mozaffarian
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Because long-term weight gain typically occurs insidiously (~1 lb/y) it is very difficult to study in RCTs and prospective cohorts provide crucial evidence on its key contributors. Most prior studies have evaluated how baseline diet, rather than change in diet that may be more physiologically relevant, relates to future weight gain. Aim: To evaluate and compare different methodological approaches for investigating how diet relates to long-term weight gain. Methods: Participants from 3 separate cohorts, the Nurses Health Study (NHS, n=50,422), Nurses Health Study II (NHS II, n=47,898), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, n=22,557), free of obesity and chronic diseases at baseline, were included and followed for up to 20 y. Lifestyle, health status, and weight were assessed by questionnaires every 2 y, and diet by validated FFQ every 4 y. We assessed 3 different analytic approaches, including relations of 1) baseline diet at the start of each 4 y with weight change in the next 4 y; 2) 4-y change in diet with weight change in the same 4 y; and 3) 4-y change in diet with lagged weight change in the next 4 y. We compared these approaches evaluating consistency across cohorts, magnitudes of associations, and biological plausibility of findings. Results: Across the three methods, consistent, robust, and biologically plausible associations were only seen between changes in diet and changes in weight in the same 4 y (Figure). Findings evaluating baseline diet and lagged dietary change were less consistent across cohorts, far smaller in magnitude, and often not biologically plausible, suggesting presence of both bias and misclassification of the true relevant dietary metric. Conclusions: The methods used to analyze dietary habits and long-term weight gain are crucial. The most robust, biologically relevant, and consistent findings are seen when evaluating dietary change and weight change in discrete periods.
Reporting on quality of life in RCTs
Authors: S. P Wright, O. Chassany, J. F. Bergmann, C. Caulin
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—Sanders et al’s bibliographic study on the frequency and detail of reporting on quality of life data in randomised controlled trials listed in the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register is disturbing.1 Despite increasing emphasis on patient centred outcomes in all aspects of clinical practice and research, less than 5% of trials reported on quality of life and even fewer comprehensively reported the quality of data using well validated, familiar instruments.

Deyo and Patrick discussed methodological, attitudinal, and conceptual barriers to the use of quality of life assessments in research in 1989.2 They noted the paucity of information regarding the responsiveness, reliability, validity, and psychometric characteristics of most instruments. In the 1980s many authors noted the problem of a confusing array of instruments, including scales with the same purpose.2,3 Feinstein et al noted 43 scales measuring activities of daily living.3

Deyo and Patrick suggested increased reporting of studies that compared different quality of life instruments in the same population and comparing the use of generic instruments in different diagnostic groups. They also advocated testing any newly developed instruments against well established scales and the development of a “quality of life research laboratory” to aid researchers with the analysis and standardisation of data on quality of life.2

In the light of Sanders et al’s study, all trialists need to think again about the suggestions above. The CONSORT guidelines could be expanded to include recommendations on which tested, well validated quality of life instruments should be selected for use in different situations. This would aid researchers’ choice and improve standardisation and generalisability.
Genetic and Epigenetic Profile Of Early Relapsed Childhood ALL
Authors: Yucel Erbilgin, Ozden Hatirnaz Ng, Sinem Firtina, Tiraje Celkan, Sema Anak, Zeynep Karakas, Aykan Ozguven, Nazan Sarper, Emine Zengin, Emine Turkkan, Didem Yalcin Atay, Yuk Yin Ng, Omer Dogru, Muge Sayitoglu, Ugur Ozbek
Journal: Blood (2013)