tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regional and systemic metabolic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition during exercise in patients with severe heart failure.
Authors: JKugler, CMaskin, W HFrishman, E HSonnenblick, T HLeJemtel
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The acute hemodynamic and metabolic effects of captopril therapy were studied in 12 patients with severe heart failure during maximal exercise performed on an upright bicycle ergometer. During the control period, exhaustion occurred after 4.2 +/- 2.7 minutes of exercise. Cardiac index increased from 1.54 +/- 0.36 l/min/m2 at rest to 3.39 +/- 1.54 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.001) at exhaustion; systemic arteriovenous oxygen difference increased from 8.8 +/- 2.1 to 12.8 +/0 2.4 ml/100 ml (p less than 0.001) and oxygen uptake from 3.4 +/- 0.5 to 10.8 +/- 3.0 ml/kg/min (p less than 0.001). Pulmonary arterial oxygen content decreased from 7.3 +/- 1.3 to 3.7 +/- 1.5 ml/100 ml (p less than 0.001) and femoral vein oxygen content from 5.0 +/- 1.7 to 2.5 +/- 1.2 ml/100 ml (p less than 0.001). During captopril therapy, cardiac index significantly increased both at rest (1.83 +/- 0.54 vs 1.54 +/- 0.36 l/min/m2, p less than 0.01) and during maximal exercise (3.67 +/- 1.51 vs 3.39 +/- 1.54 l/min/m2, p less than 0.01). Syst...
Effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation on cerebral and cephalic blood flow in dogs.
Authors: R JTraystman, C ERapela
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The effect of sympathetic stimulation (stellate ganglion) on dog cerebral and cephalic blood flows was studied via a cervical or a thoracic approach to the stellate ganglion under sodium pentobarbital or chloralose anesthesia. Two different stimulation voltages (3v and 5v) of monophasic pulses were applied for 1 minute. Venous outflow was measured at the confluence of the sagittal, straight and lateral sinuses with the lateral sinuses occluded and with them patent. When the lateral sinuses were occluded, stellate ganglion stimulation resulted in a marked decrease in common carotid blood flow to 38 plus or minus 2.5% (SE) of control and dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, but cerebral blood flow did not change. Similar effects were observed with each of the anatomic approaches, anesthetics, and voltages used and in dogs with low cerebral vascular tone induced by hypercapnia. When the lateral sinuses were kept patent, sympathetic nerve stimulation decreased the venous outflow to 89 plus or minus 2.9% of cont...
Effect of changes in ventricular relaxation on early diastolic coronary blood flow in canine hearts.
Authors: L JDomalik-Wawrzynski, W JPowell, LGuerrero, IPalacios
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Since the gradient between aortic pressure and left ventricular diastolic pressure is a major determinant of coronary blood flow, a change in left ventricular relaxation by its effect on early diastole could diminish early diastolic coronary flow. Two interventions that resulted in impaired left ventricular relaxation, hypothermia, and reperfusion following a left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion were studied to evaluate whether there were associated changes in coronary blood flow. With both interventions, there was a significant prolongation of left ventricular relaxation (p less than 0.01) accompanied by a significant decrease in early diastolic coronary blood flow (p less than 0.01). Verapamil did not have a significant effect on these hemodynamic changes during hypothermia. However, verapamil significantly blunted the effects of reperfusion following ischemia on ventricular relaxation (p less than 0.002) and early diastolic coronary blood flow (p less than 0.01). Thus, impaired left ventr...
Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy of common warts: cryo-spray vs. cotton wool bud
Authors: P.E. Hutchinson, T.O. Bleiker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Sir, We read with interest the paper by Ahmed et al.1 which reported no difference in efficacy between cryogun and cotton wool bud delivery in the treatment of viral warts. We were surprised by the authors' statement that ‘there are virtually no published data on the use of the cryo‐spray’. We have reported such data and, furthermore, these were contained in a study with an identical aim to theirs.2 Our findings agree with those of Ahmed et al. We carried out a prospective randomized study over 2 years and the principal end‐point was the number of patients known to be clear as a proportion of all patients with known outcome. Clearance was either directly observed or reported by the patient by post. One hundred and twenty‐two patients were enrolled, of whom 93 were evaluable (45 bud, 48 gun). The cure rates were 50% (bud) and 58% (gun) (P = 0·4) in the intention‐to‐treat population (n = 122), and 69% and 73%, respectively (P = 0·7) in the per‐protocol population (n = 93). Therefore, the study of Ahmed et al. confirms our finding of no significant difference between the two delivery systems. We presented further evidence of similarity of the two treatments in terms of the mean number of treatments to clearance, which was 5·7 in both cases.
Thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin biosynthesis in children and adolescents with pulmonary vascular disease.
Authors: IAdatia, S EBarrow, P DStratton, V MMiall-Allen, J MRitter, S GHaworth
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThe pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disease in children with congenital heart disease is incompletely understood. Thromboxane (TX) A2 and prostacyclin (PGI2) have opposing effects on platelet aggregation and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle. An imbalance in their biosynthesis could contribute to the progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance seen in older untreated patients with pulmonary hypertensive congenital heart disease and the thrombotic complications they may develop.METHODS AND RESULTSWe investigated TXA2 and PGI2 biosynthesis in 15 young children (0.2 to 2.25 years old) with congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow and potentially reversible pulmonary vascular disease by measuring urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-TXB2 and 2,3-dinor-6-oxoprostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha and compared the findings with those in 16 healthy children (0.5 to 2.8 years old). 2,3-Dinor-TXB2 excretion was greater in the patients than in control subjects (1253 +/- 161 versus 592 +/- 12...
Ruxolitinib versus standard therapy for the treatment of polycythemia vera.
Authors: Hans C. Hasselbalch, Mads E. Bjørn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

To the Editor: Vannucchi et al. (Jan. 29 issue)1 report that ruxolitinib was superior to standard therapy in patients with polycythemia vera who had an inadequate response to or had unacceptable side effects from hydroxyurea. The primary end point included hematocrit control and a reduction in spleen size. We wonder why the latter was included, because spleen size influences neither the risk of thrombosis or hemorrhage nor the prognosis in patients with polycythemia vera. We also wonder why the leukocyte and platelet counts were excluded in the composite assessment, when they significantly influence the risk of thrombosis and hemorrhage, respectively.2,3 Similarly, leukocytosis is also associated with decreased overall survival among patients with polycythemia vera.4 These additional measures are of particular interest given that only 24% of the patients had a complete hematologic remission, a level that is easily achieved with interferon alfa-2 in patients who have an inadequate response to or have unacceptable side effects from hydroxyurea.5
Computerized tabulation of cine coronary angiograms. Its implication for results of randomized trials.
Authors: R GFavaloro
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The quality of cine angiography is excellent in our days, and as a consequence some of the pitfalls encountered in previous randomized trials are not currently present. An example  be found in the CASS analysis of the reproducibility of coronary arteriographic reading by the Quality Control Committee Sessions: There is an indication that different clinics involved in the CASS trial can reduce the variability between their readings by concerted effort to improve both the quality and the completeness of the angiographic examination. The introduction of electronic calipers to judge the severity of the obstruction  eliminate human errors. The computerized protocol has the disadvantage that it takes longer to tabulate cine coronary angiography and it will depend on its pattern, but it certainly will not be as long as filling in the CASS protocol. However, this effort is justified because it will enrich our knowledge of coronary arteriosclerosis. As a result, patients will be divided into proximal (1,...
Does preconditioning protect the coronary vasculature from subsequent ischemia/reperfusion injury?
Authors: BBauer, B ZSimkhovich, R AKloner, KPrzyklenk
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDPreconditioning with brief episodes of coronary artery occlusion reduces infarct size caused by subsequent sustained ischemia. However, the effects of preconditioning on the coronary vasculature are poorly understood. We sought to determine whether preconditioning would attenuate low reflow (ie, the deterioration in resting myocardial perfusion) and blunt the loss in coronary vasodilator reserve after sustained occlusion/reperfusion in the anesthetized open-chest canine model.METHODS AND RESULTSThirty-two dogs underwent 1 hour of sustained left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion and 4 hours of reperfusion. Each dog was randomly assigned to the preconditioned group (four episodes of 5 minutes of LAD occlusion plus 5 minutes of reperfusion before sustained ischemia) or control group (no intervention). Submaximal vasodilator reserve was determined by measuring the increase in CBF in response to 0.01 mg acetylcholine (an endothelium-dependent dilator) and 0.05 mg nitroglycerin (...
Genetic modification of the vessel wall. Comparison of surgical and catheter-based techniques for delivery of recombinant adenovirus.
Authors: J EWillard, CLandau, D BGlamann, DBurns, M EJessen, M JPirwitz, R DGerard, R SMeidell
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDGene transfer can potentially alter vessel wall biology and intervene in the pathogenesis of human disease. Although several methods for vector delivery have been described, systematic comparisons of these methods are unavailable. Therefore, this study compared three catheter-based strategies and a surgical technique to assess efficient and selective gene transfer to the vascular wall.METHODS AND RESULTSThe common carotid arteries and internal jugular veins of New Zealand White rabbits were infected with recombinant adenovirus encoding either firefly luciferase or a nuclear-localizing variant of beta-galactosidase. Delivery of recombinant virus was achieved by one of four methods: (1) instillation within a surgically isolated vessel segment (dwell), (2) a double-balloon catheter, (3) a perforated balloon catheter (Wolinsky), or (4) an angioplasty balloon catheter coated with a hydrophilic adsorbent polymer (Hydrogel). Vessel segments were analyzed 4 days after infection for luciferase and beta-g...
Association of risk factor variables and coronary artery disease documented with angiography.
Authors: D RHolmes, L RElveback, R LFrye, B AKottke, R DEllefson
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Stepwise linear discrimination was used to analyze risk factors in 431 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography to determine which variables were most closely associated with coronary artery disease. Twenty-one risk factors were considered: total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides; the cholesterol and triglyceride content of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL); and the percentage of total cholesterol and triglycerides in each fraction. Age, smoking history, family history, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and relative weight were also considered. Coronary artery disease was assessed using three standard grading scores. There were significant differences in risk factors between males and females. In males, LDL cholesterol and age were selected by multivariate analysis. In females, the ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol, as well as relative weight, family history, age and smoking were selected. The discriminating...
Neuropeptide Y as a putative modulator of the vagal effects on heart rate.
Authors: M RWarner, M NLevy
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Neuropeptide Y is stored in sympathetic nerve terminals throughout the heart and has direct and indirect effects on cardiac function. Although neuropeptide Y has been shown to be released upon intense (16-30 Hz) cardiac sympathetic stimulation, we sought to determine whether effective quantities of neuropeptide Y were released from cardiac sympathetic neurons under more natural conditions. We recorded arterial pressure and cardiac cycle length in 29 anesthetized dogs. We assessed neuropeptide Y release by measuring the attenuation of vagally induced increases in cardiac cycle length (10 seconds every 2 minutes) after trains of sympathetic stimulation. We examined the effect of constant-frequency sympathetic stimulation (frequencies of 2, 5, 10, and 15 Hz, applied for train durations of 1, 3, and 5 minutes) on vagally induced chronotropic responses. We also determined the effect of varying the pattern of sympathetic stimulation. Both the magnitude and duration of the inhibition of the vagal effects on card...
Programmed electrical stimulation at potential ventricular reentry circuit sites. Comparison of observations in humans with predictions from computer simulations.
Authors: W GStevenson, KNademanee, J NWeiss, IWiener, KBaron, L AYeatman, C TSherman
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The purpose of this study was to define specific types of resetting responses to programmed electrical stimulation during human ventricular tachycardia and to use computer simulations of reentry circuits to assess the possible mechanisms and pacing site location relative to the reentry circuit for each type of response. The effects of scanning single stimuli at 35 left ventricular endocardial sites during sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in 12 patients were studied. In considering alterations in QRS configuration and the delay between the stimulus and the advanced QRS, we identified three types of resetting responses to scanning stimuli consistent with stimulation at sites in or near the reentry circuit at 12 abnormal endocardial sites in eight patients. Type 1: all capturing stimuli were followed after a delay by early QRS complexes that had the same configuration as the tachycardia complexes. Type 2: late stimuli reset tachycardia as in type 1 but early stimuli reset the tachycardia after a...
Differences in prostaglandin metabolism in cultured aortic and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells exposed to acute and chronic hypoxia.
Authors: H WFarber, H FBarnett
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

In vivo, a marked difference in blood oxygen tension exists between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Responses of vascular endothelial cells from these vessels to changes in ambient oxygen might be influenced by the oxygen tension to which they are continuously exposed in vivo or by their anatomic site. To explore this hypothesis, we initially studied the production of the cyclooxygenase metabolites prostacyclin and thromboxane in bovine aortic and main pulmonary arterial endothelial cells grown in 21% O2 and exposed to different degrees of acute hypoxia over a wide range of times. We found that short-term hypoxia (3% or 0% O2) rapidly and transiently activates the cyclooxygenase pathway in both cell types, with a more rapid response in bovine aortic endothelial cells. To determine whether culture in an oxygen tension similar to that to which main pulmonary arterial endothelial cells are exposed in vivo alters this response, we evaluated these cyclooxygenase metabolites in bovine aortic and main pulmon...
Attenuation of nephrotoxic acute renal failure in the dog with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ-20,881).
Authors: ALindner, R ECutler, A JBell
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor was used in dogs with uranyl nitrate-induced acute renal failure to evaluate (1) a possible protective effect of angiotensin blockade and (2)the role of angiotensin II in the generation of renal failure in this model. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment attenuated the fall in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow during the first 6 hours after injection of the nephrotoxic agent. A protective effect of similar magnitude was observed whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment preceded, or shortly followed, the administration of uranyl nitrate. This indicates that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor delivery to its intrarenal site of action remains effective after administration of the nephrotoxin. In addition, protection of glomerular filtration rate correlated with sodium and renal solute excretion. However, combined treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and furosemide enhanced solute excretion but did not f...
Echocardiographic measurement of right ventricular wall thickness. A new application of subxiphoid echocardiography.
Authors: HMatsukubo, TMatsuura, NEndo, JAsayama, TWatanabe
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The feasibility of subxiphoid echocardiography to measure the thickness of the right ventricular wall (RVWT) was investigated. In 87 (90.6%) of the 96 patients studied, adequate visualization of the echoes from the right ventricular wall was obtained using the subxiphoid technique. RVWT averaged 0.34 +/- 0.08 cm (mean +/- 1 SD), ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 cm in 25 normal individuals. This was not significantly different from the values in the left ventricular overload group (0.36 +/- 0.10 cm). However, the RVWT was increased significantly (P less than 0.001) in the combined group (0.62 0.18 cm), the right ventricular (RV) pressure overload group (0.60 +/- 0.13 cm) and the RV volume overload group (0.53 +/- 0.11 cm). Thirty-two patients underwent diagnosis right heart catheterization which revealed a good correlation between the RVWT measured echocardiographically and the right ventricular peak systolic pressure (r = 0.84). Subxiphoid echocardiography was considered to be useful in diagnosing right ventricula...
Rate control of physiologic pacemakers by central venous blood temperature.
Authors: EAlt, CHirgstetter, MHeinz, HBlömer
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Heart rate and central venous blood temperature (CVT) were measured in 31 people with different exercise capacities by means of a thermistor integrated into a lead that was placed in the right ventricle. Bicycle ergometric and treadmill stress tests with increasing workloads were performed. The maximum increase in CVT with ergometric exercise was found to be 1.3 degrees C at 250 W in healthy young volunteers and 1.0 degrees C at 125 W in cardiac patients. Despite a relatively greater increase in CVT in the elderly patients compared with the volunteers, the correlation between the increase in CVT and that in heart rate at the end of each exercise stage was found to be very high (r = .9693 in volunteers and r = .9864 in cardiac patients), independent of physical fitness. Even with everyday activities such as walking there was a marked increase in CVT. Due to its close relationship to human metabolism, CVT represents a good parameter for physiologic control of pacing rate.
mTOR-C/EBPβ-c-Myc Axis Regulates the Behavior of Myeloid-Biased Hematopoietic Stem Cells Under Stress Conditions
Authors: Atsushi Sato, Hideyo Hirai, Asumi Yokota, Tsukimi Shouji, Takahiro Kashiwagi, Naoka Kamio, Yusuke Torikoshi, Yasuo Miura, Taira Maekawa
Journal: Blood (2017)
Quantification of area at risk during coronary occlusion and degree of myocardial salvage after reperfusion with technetium-99m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile.
Authors: A JSinusas, K ATrautman, J DBergin, D DWatson, MRuiz, W HSmith, G ABeller
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Serial myocardial imaging with technetium-99m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) has been proposed for evaluating myocardial salvage after reperfusion. To define 99mTc-MIBI uptake before and after reperfusion, 17 open-chest dogs underwent 3 hours of left anterior descending artery occlusion and 3 hours of reperfusion. 99mTc-MIBI was injected during occlusion (group 1) or after 90 minutes of reperfusion (group 2). Myocardial 99mTc-MIBI activity was correlated with microsphere flow during occlusion and reperfusion. Anatomic risk area and infarct area were defined by postmortem vital staining and correlated with the perfusion defects defined by analysis of 99mTc-MIBI macroautoradiographs and gamma camera images of myocardial slices. The left ventricle was divided into 96 segments for gamma well counting. Flow and 99mTc-MIBI activity were normalized to nonischemic values. Myocardial segments were grouped, based on occlusion flow, into zones: severely ischemic (less than or equal to 30% nonischemic), mode...
Medicaid Expansion and Incidence of Kidney Failure among Nonelderly Adults
Authors: Rebecca Thorsness, Shailender Swaminathan, Yoojin Lee, Benjamin D. Sommers, Rajnish Mehrotra, Kevin H. Nguyen, Daeho Kim, Maricruz Rivera-Hernandez, Amal N. Trivedi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Low-income individuals without health insurance have limited access to health care. Medicaid expansions may reduce kidney failure incidence by improving access to chronic disease care. Using a difference-in-differences analysis, we examined the association between Medicaid expansion status under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the kidney failure incidence rate among all nonelderly adults, aged 19-64 years, in the United States, from 2012 through 2018. We compared changes in kidney failure incidence in states that implemented Medicaid expansions with concurrent changes in nonexpansion states during pre-expansion, early postexpansion (years 2 and 3 postexpansion), and later postexpansion (years 4 and 5 postexpansion). The unadjusted kidney failure incidence rate increased in the early years of the study period in both expansion and nonexpansion states before stabilizing. After adjustment for population sociodemographic characteristics, Medicaid expansion status was associated with 2.20 fewer incident cases of kidney failure per million adults per quarter in the early postexpansion period (95% CI, -3.89 to -0.51) compared with nonexpansion status, a 3.07% relative reduction (95% CI, -5.43% to -0.72%). In the later postexpansion period, Medicaid expansion status was not associated with a statistically significant change in kidney failure incidence (-0.56 cases per million per quarter; 95% CI, -2.71 to 1.58) compared with nonexpansion status and the pre-expansion time period. The ACA Medicaid expansion was associated with an initial reduction in kidney failure incidence among the entire, nonelderly, adult population in the United States; but the changes did not persist in the later postexpansion period. Further study is needed to determine the long-term association between Medicaid expansion and changes in kidney failure incidence.