tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of host genetics and diet on human gut microbiota and incident disease in a single population cohort
Authors: Youwen Qin, Aki S. Havulinna, Yang Liu, Pekka Jousilahti, Scott C. Ritchie, Alex Tokolyi, Jon G. Sanders, Liisa Valsta, Marta Brożyńska, Qiyun Zhu, Anupriya Tripathi, Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza, Rohit Loomba, Susan Cheng, Mohit Jain, Teemu Niiranen, Leo Lahti, Rob Knight, Veikko Salomaa, Michael Inouye, Guillaume Méric
Journal: Nature Genetics (2022)
Associations of short-term exposure to air pollution and increased ambient temperature with psychiatric hospital admissions in older adults in the USA: a case–crossover study
Authors: Xinye Qiu, Mahdieh Danesh-Yazdi, Yaguang Wei, Qian Di, Allan Just, Antonella Zanobetti, Marc Weisskopf, Francesca Dominici, Joel Schwartz
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

BackgroundLittle is known about the associations between ambient environmental exposures and the risk of acute episodes of psychiatric disorders. We aimed to estimate the link between short-term exposure to atmospheric pollutants, temperature, and acute psychiatric hospital admissions in adults aged 65 years and older in the USA.MethodsFor this study, we included all people (aged ≥65 years) enrolled in the Medicare programme in the USA who had an emergency or urgent hospital admission for a psychiatric disorder recorded between Jan 31, 2000, and Dec 31, 2016. We applied a case-crossover design to study the associations between short-term exposure to air pollution (fine particulate matter [PM2·5], ozone, and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]), ambient temperature, and the risk of acute hospital admissions for depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder in this population. The percentage change in the risk of hospital admission and annual absolute risk differences were estimated.FindingsFor each 5°C increase in short-term exposure to cold season temperature, the relative risk of acute hospital admission increased by 3·66% (95% CI 3·06–4·26) for depression, by 3·03% (2·04–4·02) for schizophrenia, and by 3·52% (2·38–4·68) for bipolar disorder in the US Medicare population. Increased short-term exposure to PM2·5 and NO2 was also associated with a significant increase in the risk of acute hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders. Each 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2·5 was associated with an increase in hospital admission rates of 0·62% (95% CI 0·23–1·02) for depression, 0·77% (0·11–1·44) for schizophrenia, and 1·19% (0·49–1·90) for bipolar disorder; each 5 parts per billion (ppb) increase in NO2, meanwhile, was linked to an increase in hospital admission rates of 0·35% (95% CI 0·03–0·66) for depression and 0·64% (0·20–1·08) for schizophrenia. No such associations were found with warm season temperature.InterpretationIn the US Medicare population, short-term exposure to elevated concentrations of PM2·5 and NO2 and cold season ambient temperature were significantly associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders. Considering the increasing burden of psychiatric disorders in the US population, these findings suggest that intervening on air pollution and ambient temperature levels through stricter environmental regulations or climate mitigation could help ease the psychiatric health-care burden.FundingUS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US Environmental Protection Agency, and US National Institute on Aging.
Revisiting Intracavitary Immunotherapy of Cancer
Authors: Fernando Aranda, Iñaki Eguren-Santamaria, Ángela Bella, Pedro Berraondo, Ignacio Melero
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is often limited to the peritoneal cavity in the form of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Peritoneal spreading offers the opportunity for locoregional delivery of combinations of immunotherapy agents, maximizing bioavailability while potentially reducing systemic exposure and side effects. See related article by Orr et al., p. 2038
Abstract P028: Do Increased Cardiovascular Comorbidities Explain Excess Covid-19 Morbidity And Mortality In African Americans?
Authors: Osama Dasa, Yara Skaf, Cory Brunson, Ruba Sajdeya, Matthew Gurka, Carl Pepine, Reinhard Laubenbacher, Thomas A Pearson
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Racial disparities in COVID-19 incidence, severity and mortality have been widely reported, with African Americans (AA) suffering disproportionately compared to White Americans (WA), but the epidemiological basis for these observations remains poorly understood. We hypothesize that AA have an excess of comorbid cardiovascular conditions compared to WA, accounting for the disparity in COVID-19 infection and death. Methods: We examined 63545 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases from the One Florida Research Consortium’s sample of recipients of healthcare in Florida from January 2020 to April 2021. We assessed the prevalence of preexisting comorbid conditions, behavioral risk factors, and outcomes of AA, WA, and Hispanic patients testing positive for COVID-19. Outcomes were defined as admission to ICU or all-cause death in the index admission. Associations between risk factors and outcomes were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared to WA, Hispanic and AA COVID-19 patients were younger, more females, and more uninsured. AA patients with COVID-19 had the highest burden of comorbidities (especially cardiovascular), and worse combined comorbidity scores. They also had a higher rate of ICU admission and death. After adjustment for multiple variables, AA patients continued to have the highest adverse outcomes risk (OR=1.44; P &lt; 0.001; Figure 1). Other significant predictors in the model included age, sex, poverty, cardiovascular comorbidities, cancer, and mental health disorders. Conclusions: Excess comorbidities from cardio-metabolic diseases exist in AA patients with COVID-19, who also suffer excess COVID-19 outcomes. However, these cardiovascular comorbidities did not account for all the risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Reasons for the excess residual risk of in AA even after adjusting for comorbidities and other risk factors require further investigation, such as mediation analyses.
Abstract MP72: Renal Artery Stenosis Screening Among Women With Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy And Associations With Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Chloe A Powell, Gloria Y Kim, Joanna Chen, Elizabeth S Langen, Molly J Stout, Sandra Brown, Dawn M Coleman, Matthew A Corriere
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDoP) have increased prevalence of renal artery stenosis due to fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) that is usually diagnosed years post-partum. Because renal artery FMD is a treatable cause of hypertension, earlier diagnosis has potential to decrease maternal risk and improve pregnancy outcomes. We sought to characterize utilization of renal artery duplex screening among women with HDoP and associations with pregnancy outcomes. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that renal artery duplex screening for renal artery stenosis among women with HDoP will be low. Methods: Women diagnosed with HDoP treated at a single academic medical center from 2016-2021 were identified using ICD-9&amp;10 codes for hypertension of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome. Screening for renal artery FMD was categorized based on performance of at least one renal duplex ultrasounds during the study period. Associations with maternal demographic factors and pregnancy outcomes based on screening status were explored using descriptive statistics and categorical tests. Results: 11,564 women diagnosed with HDoP were identified. Mean age was 37.1±8.5 years. Race was categorized as 17% African American, 5% Asian, and 73% white; 4% of women had Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. 33% of patients were current or former smokers. Renal artery stenosis screening was performed on 72 women (0.6%). No significant differences in age, race, or ethnicity were identified between screened versus unscreened patients. Renal artery duplex results were abnormal in 14/72 (19%) of women screened, and an additional 3 women were diagnosed with FMD at a non-renal anatomic location based on imaging studies other than renal artery duplex. Women screened for renal artery stenosis for 44/8386 pregnancies (0.5%) associated with HDoP during the study period and had higher rates of preterm delivery (53% versus 20%; P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Renal artery stenosis screening is uncommon among women with HDoP, but identified abnormal findings in a significant proportion of studies. Associations between screening and preterm delivery may reflect selection bias based on severity of HDoP symptoms and related risks. Renal artery stenosis screening may be under-utilized among women with HDoP, and expanded screening has potential to reduce both short- and long-term maternal risk and improve pregnancy outcomes.
Abstract P068: 24-hour Activity Behaviors Are Associated With Covid-19 Prevalence
Authors: Patricia Pagan Lassalle, Lauren C Bates, Peter F Halpin, Zachary Y Kerr, Erik D Hanson, Michelle L Meyer, Lee Stoner
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Beneficial 24-hour activity behaviors (i.e., limiting sedentary behavior, physical activity, sleep) are critical for chronic disease prevention, but were altered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Less time in beneficial 24-hour activity behaviors may place individuals at greater risk for contracting COVID-19. Further, some populations may be more impacted than others, with demographic and environmental (rural/urban/suburban) factors influencing access to healthcare and COVID-19 information. Methods: In December 2020, we recruited an online convenience sample of 746 adults aged 18 years or older residing in the US. Of the sample, 400 (39±14 years old, 52% female, 15% Hispanic, 78% White, and 28% had or survived cancer) had complete data for our variables of interest. Participants self-reported demographic information, COVID-19 diagnosis (yes/no), total weekday and weekend sedentary behavior (hours/day), moderate to vigorous physical activity (mins per week), sleep (hours/day), and environment (rural/urban/suburban). a) A k-fold cross-validation, machine learning variable selection (glmnet) approach was used to identify which variables were most strongly associated with COVID-19 prevalence, as determined by specifying the tuning parameter, λ, at its minimum value. This approach minimizes the elastic net penalty and optimizes the model fit. b) Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the strongly associated variables. Results: a) The variables most associated with COVID-19 prevalence were total sedentary behavior during weekdays, sleep, biological sex, race, and environment (λ=0.012). b) Holding all other parameters constant, the odds of having COVID-19 were lower for every additional hour of sleep (OR=0.87, 95%CI=0.79, 0.96); identifying as non-white versus white (OR=0.46, 95%CI=0.23, 0.87); living in a rural versus urban area (OR=0.42, 95%CI=0.18, 0.92); and higher for being male versus female (OR=2.79, 95%CI=1.69, 4.67). Non-significant decreases were found for weekday sedentary behavior (OR=0.97; 95%CI=0.92, 1.02) and living in a suburban versus urban areas (OR=0.63, 95%CI=0.38, 1.05). Conclusion: Less sleep, identifying as non-white, female, and residing in rural areas were associated with a lower COVID-19 prevalence.
A Peculiar 18F-FDG Spinal Uptake Helps Diagnosis and Effective Treatment of Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Authors: Helena Lanzafame, Lucia Zanoni, Vincenzo Allegri, Rita Mulè, Stefano Fanti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Polymyalgia rheumatica is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease in elderly people, usually develops in patients older than 50 years, more frequently in females. An emerging imaging tool in the diagnostic workup of this condition is whole-body PET/CT, which allows an overall assessment of the articular and extra-articular structures involved.
Colorectal cancer: the facts in the case of the microbiota
Authors: Slater L. Clay, Diogo Fonseca-Pereira, Wendy S. Garrett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

The importance of the microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly evident, but identifying specific microbial features that influence CRC initiation and progression remains a central task for investigators. Studies determining the microbial mechanisms that directly contribute to CRC development or progression are revealing bacterial factors such as toxins that contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. However, even when investigators have identified bacteria that express toxins, questions remain about the host determinants of a toxin's cancer-potentiating effects. For other cancer-correlating bacteria that lack toxins, the challenge is to define cancer-relevant virulence factors. Herein, we evaluate three CRC-correlating bacteria, colibactin-producing Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, for their virulence features relevant to CRC. We also consider the beneficial bioactivity of gut microbes by highlighting a microbial metabolite that may enhance CRC antitumor immunity. In doing so, we aim to elucidate unique and shared mechanisms underlying the microbiota's contributions to CRC and to accelerate investigation from target validation to CRC therapeutic discovery.
Kidney Histopathology Can Predict Kidney Function in ANCA-Associated Vasculitides with Acute Kidney Injury Treated with Plasma Exchanges
Authors: Dorian Nezam, Raphaël Porcher, François Grolleau, Pauline Morel, Dimitri Titeca-Beauport, Stanislas Faguer, Alexandre Karras, Justine Solignac, Noémie Jourde-Chiche, François Maurier, Hamza Sakhi, Khalil El Karoui, Rafik Mesbah, Pierre Louis Carron, Vincent Audard, Didier Ducloux, Romain Paule, Jean-François Augusto, Julien Aniort, Aurélien Tiple, Cédric Rafat, Séverine Beaudreuil, Xavier Puéchal, Pierre Gobert, Ziad Massy, Catherine Hanrotel, Stéphane Bally, Nihal Martis, Cécile-Audrey Durel, Geoffroy Desbuissons, Pascal Godmer, Aurélie Hummel, François Perrin, Antoine Néel, Claire De Moreuil, Tiphaine Goulenok, Dominique Guerrot, Steven Grange, Aurélie Foucher, Alban Deroux, Carole Cordonnier, Céline Guilbeau-Frugier, Anne Modesto-Segonds, Dominique Nochy, Laurent Daniel, Anissa Moktefi, Marion Rabant, Loïc Guillevin, Alexis Régent, Benjamin Terrier
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2022)

Data from the PEXIVAS trial challenged the role of plasma exchange (PLEX) in ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). We aimed to describe kidney biopsy from patients with AAV treated with PLEX, evaluate whether histopathologic findings could predict kidney function, and identify which patients would most benefit from PLEX.We performed a multicenter, retrospective study on 188 patients with AAV and AKI treated with PLEX and 237 not treated with PLEX. The primary outcome was mortality or KRT at 12 months (M12).No significant benefit of PLEX for the primary outcome was found. To identify patients benefitting from PLEX, we developed a model predicting the average treatment effect of PLEX for an individual depending on covariables. Using the prediction model, 223 patients had a better predicted outcome with PLEX than without PLEX, and 177 of them had >5% increased predicted probability with PLEX compared with without PLEX of being alive and free from KRT at M12, which defined the PLEX-recommended group. Risk difference for death or KRT at M12 was significantly lower with PLEX in the PLEX-recommended group (-15.9%; 95% CI, -29.4 to -2.5) compared with the PLEX not recommended group (-4.8%; 95% CI, 14.9 to 5.3). Microscopic polyangiitis, MPO-ANCA, higher serum creatinine, crescentic and sclerotic classes, and higher Brix score were more frequent in the PLEX-recommended group. An easy to use score identified patients who would benefit from PLEX. The average treatment effect of PLEX for those with recommended treatment corresponded to an absolute risk reduction for death or KRT at M12 of 24.6%.PLEX was not associated with a better primary outcome in the whole study population, but we identified a subset of patients who could benefit from PLEX. However, these findings must be validated before utilized in clinical decision making.
Correction: Chromatin Remodeling Factor LSH Drives Cancer Progression by Suppressing the Activity of Fumarate Hydratase
Authors: Xiaozhen He, Bin Yan, Shuang Liu, Jiantao Jia, Weiwei Lai, Xing Xin, Can-e Tang, Dixian Luo, Tan Tan, Yiqun Jiang, Ying Shi, Yating Liu, Desheng Xiao, Ling Chen, Shao Liu, Chao Mao, Gang Yin, Yan Cheng, Jia Fan, Ya Cao, Kathrin Muegge, Yongguang Tao
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

In the original version of this article (1), there was a duplication of the images used in migration assays for C666–1 cells treated with siLSH#1 and siLSH#2 in Fig. 3B. The error has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret this error.
46P Prognostic impact of immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Real-world study in central Switzerland
Authors: V. Allmann, O. Gautschi, D. Lehnick, D. Dyntar, C. Schwegler, M. Dressler, J. Godau, P. Niederberger, K. Zeidler, J. Diebold
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in a Patient With Primary Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Lung
Authors: Tao Chen, Jianzhong Fan, Wenfei Li, Jianqi Li, Caiyun Wu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the lung is an extremely rare and highly malignant neoplasm with a poor prognosis. A 49-year-old man presented with a dry cough and slight pain in the left chest for nearly 1 month. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed intense 18 F-FDG uptake of the left inferior lung tumor and hypermetabolic mediastinal lymph nodes. Histopathology revealed primitive neuroectodermal tumor after CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of the left inferior lung mass was performed.
Abstract P180: Relative Contributions Of Six Lifestyle Components To Epigenetic Aging In The Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Kyeezu Kim, Yinan Zheng, Brian Joyce, Hongmei Jiang, Philip Greenland, David R Jacobs, Kai Zhang, Lei Liu, Norrina Allen, John T Wilkins, Sarah Forrester, Don M Lloyd-jones, Lifang Hou
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: DNA methylation-based epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) is associated with age-related health outcomes including cardiovascular disease. Since DNA methylation is modifiable by external stimuli, including lifestyle components, interventions for healthier lifestyles could contribute to decreased risk of health conditions related to epigenetic changes including EAA. In consideration of public health intervention, it is also important to identify which lifestyle components have the greatest impact on EAA. Here, we assessed the relative contributions of lifestyle components to EAA, as well as their collective association. Methods: We included 744 participants (391 men and 353 women) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study with DNA methylation information at Y20 (2005-2006, mean age 45.9). Six lifestyle components at Y20 were included in the analysis: cumulative smoking, cumulative alcohol consumption, education, diet, sleep, and physical activity. We used quantile-based g-computation (QGC) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) methods to assess the relative contribution of each lifestyle component to EAA. We also assessed overall association of the six lifestyle components as a combination with EAA. Finally, we performed stratified analyses by participants’ smoking history, race, and sex. Results: Cumulative smoking showed the greatest positive contribution to EAA in total participants. Healthy diet and education years showed inverse contributions to EAA. We observed a non-linear pattern in the contribution of cumulative alcohol consumption to EAA. We observed positive associations between the collective lifestyle components and greater EAA. While cumulative smoking was the greatest contributor across sex and race subgroups, the relative contributions of other components varied by subgroups. Conclusion: Cumulative smoking, cumulative alcohol consumption, diet, and education showed the highest contributions in our study. Higher amounts of smoking and alcohol consumption were likely to contribute to greater EAA, whereas healthier diet and achieved education were likely to contribute to lesser EAA. Identifying pertinent lifestyle components in a context of collective lifestyle components can provide a direction for intervention strategies, and suggests which components should be the primary focus for promoting younger EAA.
FDG PET/CT of Primary Ewing Sarcoma of the Peritoneum
Authors: Chengzhi Jiang, Xiang Peng, Hui Ye, Yanyin Zhang, Kai Zheng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Ewing sarcoma (ES), which is described as diffuse endothelioma of the bone, is divided into osseous and extraosseous ES mostly affecting children and adolescents. In addition, ES of the peritoneum is rare. We present a case of a 46-year-old man with ES of the peritoneum in whom FDG PET/CT showed high radiotracer activity in the primary tumor.
Spur-Cell Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Ameet Patel, Benjamin F Tillman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

A 48-year-old woman with advanced cirrhosis presented with fatigue. She was found to have nonimmune hemolytic anemia with acanthocytes, or spur cells, on a peripheral-blood smear. A diagnosis of spur-cell hemolytic anemia was made.
Implanted System for Orthostatic Hypotension in Multiple-System Atrophy
Authors: Jordan W. Squair, Maxime Berney, Mayte Castro Jimenez, Nicolas Hankov, Robin Demesmaeker, Suje Amir, Aurelie Paley, Sergio Hernandez-Charpak, Gregory Dumont, Leonie Asboth, Gilles Allenbach, Fabio Becce, Patrick Schoettker, Gregoire Wuerzner, Julien F. Bally, Grégoire Courtine, Jocelyne Bloch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Orthostatic hypotension is a cardinal feature of multiple-system atrophy. The upright posture provokes syncopal episodes that prevent patients from standing and walking for more than brief periods. We implanted a system to restore regulation of blood pressure and enable a patient with multiple-system atrophy to stand and walk after having lost these abilities because of orthostatic hypotension. This system involved epidural electrical stimulation delivered over the thoracic spinal cord with accelerometers that detected changes in body position. (Funded by the Defitech Foundation.).
Clinical Usefulness of 18F-FET PET in a Pediatric Patient With Suspected Demyelinating Disease
Authors: Seo Young Kang, Byung Seok Moon, Min Young Yoo, Hai-Jeon Yoon, Bom Sahn Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

An 11-year-old boy who presented with headache and progressive right-sided weakness exhibited cortical swelling in the parafalcine area of both frontoparietal high convexity and splenium portion of corpus callosum on brain MRI. This suggested the possibility of encephalopathy, but required differential diagnosis from brain tumor. 18 F-FET ( O -(2-[ 18 F]fluoroethyl)- l -tyrosine) PET/CT identified increased uptake along the parafalcine area of the frontoparietal lobes and the splenium portion of the corpus callosum. The relatively low target-to-background ratios were more indicative of inflammatory changes such as demyelinating disease. The patient recovered after empirical steroid and immunoglobulin treatment. Clinically, the patient was diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.