tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From JAMA’s Daily News Site
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical aid at hand wherever space shuttle lands
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

AMERICAN ASTRONAUTS never have faced what the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) calls a TAL—a Transoceanic Abort Landing. But if they ever do, medical help will be available. Such an unscheduled landing would be necessary: If one or more of the space shuttle's three main engines fail during its ascent into orbit. In case of failure of the orbiter's cabin pressurization or a similar major system. Should adverse weather conditions preclude use of the main landing sites at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida or Edwards Air Force Base in California. When some other major emergency arises. Crew members then would try to use one of several sites designated in advance for such a contingency. These include the following: Ben Guerir Air Base (AB), which has a 4200-m runway in the African desert 58 km north of Marrakech, Morocco. Yundum Airport, Banjul, The Gambia, on Africa's Atlantic coast, which
Immune Activity and Response Differences of Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma: Gene Expression Analyses of a Phase IB Study
Authors: Katherine E. Miller, Kevin A. Cassady, Justin C. Roth, Jennifer Clements, Kathleen M. Schieffer, Kristen Leraas, Anthony R. Miller, Nripesh Prasad, Jianmei W. Leavenworth, Inmaculada B. Aban, Richard J. Whitley, G. Yancey Gillespie, Elaine R. Mardis, James M. Markert
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Previously, clinical trials of experimental virotherapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) demonstrated that inoculation with a conditionally replication-competent Δγ134.5 oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), G207, was safe. Following the initial safety study, a phase Ib trial enrolled 6 adult patients diagnosed with GBM recurrence from which tumor tissue was banked for future studies.Here, we analyzed tumor RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from pre- and posttreatment (collected 2 or 5 days after G207 injection) biopsies from the phase Ib study patients.Using a Spearman rank-order correlation analysis, we identified approximately 500 genes whose expression pattern correlated with survival duration. Many of these genes were enriched for the intrinsic IFN-mediated antiviral and adaptive immune functional responses, including immune cell chemotaxis and antigen presentation to T-cells. Furthermore, we show that the expression of several T-cell-related genes was highest in the patient with the longest survival after G207 inoculation.Our data support that the oHSV-induced type I IFN production and the subsequent recruitment of an adaptive immune response differed between enrolled patients and showed association with survival duration in patients with recurrent malignant glioma after treatment with an early generation oHSV.
Geospatial Disparities in the Treatment of Curable Breast Cancer Across the US
Authors: Michael J. Hassett, Angela C. Tramontano, Hajime Uno, Debra P. Ritzwoller, Rinaa S. Punglia
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Patient factors help explain disparities in breast cancer treatments and outcomes. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the extent to which geospatial variation in initial breast cancer care can be attributed to region vs patient factors with the aim of guiding quality improvement efforts. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This was a retrospective population-based cohort study from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2016, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database that included 31 571 patients diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer from 2007 through 2013. Five metrics of care delivery were defined: stage I at diagnosis, chemotherapy receipt, radiation therapy receipt, endocrine therapy (ET) initiation (year 1), and ET continuation (years 3-5). Data analysis was performed from January to June 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Stage I diagnosis and treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or ET. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> For each metric, total variance was attributed proportionally to 4 domains—random, patient factors (eg, age, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status), region (health service area [HSA]), and unexplained—using hierarchical multivariable modeling. <h3>Results</h3> Of 31 571 total patients (median [IQR] age, 71 [68-75] years), 19 391 (61.4%) had stage I disease at diagnosis. Among eligible patients, 17 297 of 21 190 (81.6%) received radiation therapy, 7204 of 9903 (72.8%) received chemotherapy, 13 115 of 26 855 (48.8%) initiated ET, and 13 944 of 26 855 (52.1%) continued ET. Geospatial density (ie, heat) maps highlight regional performance patterns. For all 5 metrics, region/HSA explained more observed variation (24%-48%) than patient factors (1%-4%); the largest share of variation was unexplained (35%-54%). The metrics with the largest proportion of total variance attributed to region/HSA were ET initiation and continuation (28% and 39%, respectively). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cohort study, there was substantial unexplained geospatial variation in initial breast cancer care. The variance attributed to region/HSA was multifold larger than that explained by patient factors. The importance of patient factors such as race and ethnicity notwithstanding, future quality improvement efforts should focus on reducing unwarranted geospatial variation, especially including optimizing the delivery of ET in low-performing regions.
LRRK2, GBA and their interaction in the regulation of autophagy: implications on therapeutics in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Shirley Yin-Yu Pang, Rachel Cheuk Nam Lo, Philip Wing-Lok Ho, Hui-Fang Liu, Eunice Eun Seo Chang, Chi-Ting Leung, Yasine Malki, Zoe Yuen-Kiu Choi, Wing Yan Wong, Michelle Hiu-Wai Kung, David Boyer Ramsden, Shu-Leong Ho
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2022)

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA) represent two most common genetic causes of Parkinson's disease (PD). Both genes are important in the autophagic-lysosomal pathway (ALP), defects of which are associated with α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation. LRRK2 regulates macroautophagy via activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) kinase (MEK) and the calcium-dependent adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. Phosphorylation of Rab GTPases by LRRK2 regulates lysosomal homeostasis and endosomal trafficking. Mutant LRRK2 impairs chaperone-mediated autophagy, resulting in α-syn binding and oligomerization on lysosomal membranes. Mutations in GBA reduce glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity, leading to glucosylceramide accumulation, α-syn aggregation and broad autophagic abnormalities. LRRK2 and GBA influence each other: GCase activity is reduced in LRRK2 mutant cells, and LRRK2 kinase inhibition can alter GCase activity in GBA mutant cells. Clinically, LRRK2 G2019S mutation seems to modify the effects of GBA mutation, resulting in milder symptoms than those resulting from GBA mutation alone. However, dual mutation carriers have an increased risk of PD and earlier age of onset compared with single mutation carriers, suggesting an additive deleterious effect on the initiation of PD pathogenic processes. Crosstalk between LRRK2 and GBA in PD exists, but its exact mechanism is unclear. Drugs that inhibit LRRK2 kinase or activate GCase are showing efficacy in pre-clinical models. Since LRRK2 kinase and GCase activities are also altered in idiopathic PD (iPD), it remains to be seen if these drugs will be useful in disease modification of iPD.
Review of the British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2017, 6–8 December 2017, London, UK
Authors: Aran Singanayagam, Hannah V Woodcock, Philip L Molyneaux, Gisli Jenkins
Journal: Thorax (2018)

This article reviews the British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2017 and summarises the new developments in scientific and clinical research across the breadth of respiratory medicine. The article discusses a number of symposia and selected abstract presentations from the meeting.
Patient healthcare trajectories of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in France: A nationwide retrospective analysis
Authors: Cindy Neuzillet, Corinne Emery, Clément Teissier, Stéphane Bouée, Astrid Lièvre
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2022)

Little is known about the epidemiology and patterns of care of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) in daily clinical practice. The aims of this study were to estimate the number of declared cases during the study period 2014-2015 in France from a hospitalization database and to describe the healthcare trajectories of these patients.A retrospective analysis was carried out using the French nationwide prospective hospitalization database. All pts with a new diagnosis of "carcinoma of the intrahepatic bile duct" who had a first hospital stay in the Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics departments (MSO) between 2014 and 2015 with a 2-year follow-up were included. Data related to the first identified stay (S1) in the MSO and on all subsequent stays in the MSO, aftercare and rehabilitation or home hospitalization were analysed.A total of 3650 new iCCA cases were identified. At S1 (admission via emergency room (ER) in 28%), the median age of the patients was 73 years, 57% were male and 35% had metastases. Jaundice/anaemia/ascites/cholangitis were reported in 17%/16%/12%/7% of patients, respectively. The care of patients at S1 was mainly provided in general hospitals (CHG, 60%). A total of 896 (24%) patients died during S1. They were more frequently hospitalized via the ER (48% vs 23%), metastatic (52% vs 35%) and symptomatic. Subsequent stays were identified for 2507 (69%) patients. Three healthcare pathways were defined: surgery (n = 519; 14%), chemotherapy (CT) without surgery (n = 812; 22%) and best supportive care (BSC) (n = 2319; 63%). CT, surgery and BSC were most frequently performed in the cancer centres, university hospitals and CHG, respectively.This medico administrative study reveals a higher number of iCCA cases than that previously reported by registries and highlights the severity of this disease.This study was sponsored by Incyte Biosciences International Sàrl., Geneva, Switzerland. INCYTE validated the design of the study, the analysis, the interpretation of data and the writing of the manuscript which was first written by the 2 experts and CEMKA.
The impact of hypoxia on tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: Anne-Theres Henze, Massimiliano Mazzone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

The role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cancer is often correlated with poor prognosis, even though this statement should be interpreted with care, as the effects of macrophages primarily depend on their localization within the tumor. This versatile cell type orchestrates a broad spectrum of biological functions and exerts very complex and even opposing functions on cell death, immune stimulation or suppression, and angiogenesis, resulting in an overall pro- or antitumoral effect. We are only beginning to understand the environmental cues that contribute to transient retention of macrophages in a specific phenotype. It has become clear that hypoxia shapes and induces specific macrophage phenotypes that serve tumor malignancy, as hypoxia promotes immune evasion, angiogenesis, tumor cell survival, and metastatic dissemination. Additionally, TAMs in the hypoxic niches within the tumor are known to mediate resistance to several anticancer treatments and to promote cancer relapse. Thus, a careful characterization and understanding of this macrophage differentiation state is needed in order to efficiently tailor cancer therapy.
Laval Medical, Quebec
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incorrect Information in Patient Page
Authors: Sandra Swain, Jeffery Ward
Journal: JAMA (2013)

system that is perverse in its incentives and fractured by design.The oncology community, Congress, and payers need to work together toward a cancer care reimbursement system that rewards high-quality, high-value cancer care-a system that is patient centered, promotes clinical research, and serves the disadvantaged poor, irrespective of care setting.
Fibroblast heterogeneity: implications for human disease
Authors: Magnus D. Lynch, Fiona M. Watt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Fibroblasts synthesize the extracellular matrix of connective tissue and play an essential role in maintaining the structural integrity of most tissues. Researchers have long suspected that fibroblasts exhibit functional specialization according to their organ of origin, body site, and spatial location. In recent years, a number of approaches have revealed the existence of fibroblast subtypes in mice. Here, we discuss fibroblast heterogeneity with a focus on the mammalian dermis, which has proven an accessible and tractable system for the dissection of these relationships. We begin by considering differences in fibroblast identity according to anatomical site of origin. Subsequently, we discuss new results relating to the existence of multiple fibroblast subtypes within the mouse dermis. We consider the developmental origin of fibroblasts and how this influences heterogeneity and lineage restriction. We discuss the mechanisms by which fibroblast heterogeneity arises, including intrinsic specification by transcriptional regulatory networks and epigenetic factors in combination with extrinsic effects of the spatial context within tissue. Finally, we discuss how fibroblast heterogeneity may provide insights into pathological states including wound healing, fibrotic diseases, and aging. Our evolving understanding suggests that ex vivo expansion or in vivo inhibition of specific fibroblast subtypes may have important therapeutic applications.
Is Skin Prick Test (SPT) Better Than Specific IgE (sIgE) For Predicting Oral Food Challenge (OFC) Outcomes For Pediatric Patients With Pecan And Walnut Food Allergy?
Authors: Zeeshan Khakwani, Santhosh Kumar, Brianna Norris, Farah Khan, Balraj Bajaj, Laura Williams
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Geriatrics
Authors: Harvey Jay Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1989)

During the last year, two events occurred that more clearly delineated the position of geriatrics in American medicine. First, a certifying examination signifying special competence in geriatric medicine was offered under the joint sponsorship of the American Board of Internal Medicine and the American Academy of Family Physicians. The American Board of Internal Medicine provides these statistics: more than 4000 physicians took the examination and 56% of those taking it passed. Second, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accepted applications for certification of geriatric medicine fellowships in internal medicine, and the training programs are now receiving notification of their accreditation status. Thus, the certificate of special competence in geriatrics and the accreditation of geriatric fellowship programs in internal medicine more clearly define the specialty of geriatrics and provide standards to measure training programs and their physician products. Since the appearance of Rubenstein's landmark study of a geriatric evaluation unit
The role of complement C5a receptor in DPSC odontoblastic differentiation and in vivo reparative dentin formation
Authors: Muhammad Irfan, Ji-Hyun Kim, Hassan Marzban, David A. Reed, Anne George, Lyndon F. Cooper, Seung Chung
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2022)

Abstract Therapeutic dentin regeneration remains difficult to achieve, and a majority of the attention has been given to anabolic strategies to promote dentinogenesis directly, whereas, the available literature is insufficient to understand the role of inflammation and inflammatory complement system on dentinogenesis. The aim of this study is to determine the role of complement C5a receptor (C5aR) in regulating dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) differentiation and in vivo dentin regeneration. Human DPSCs were subjected to odontogenic differentiation in osteogenic media treated with the C5aR agonist and C5aR antagonist. In vivo dentin formation was evaluated using the dentin injury/pulp-capping model of the C5a-deficient and wild-type mice. In vitro results demonstrate that C5aR inhibition caused a substantial reduction in odontogenic DPSCs differentiation markers such as DMP-1 and DSPP, while the C5aR activation increased these key odontogenic genes compared to control. A reparative dentin formation using the C5a-deficient mice shows that dentin regeneration is significantly reduced in the C5a-deficient mice. These data suggest a positive role of C5aR in the odontogenic DPSCs differentiation and tertiary/reparative dentin formation. This study addresses a novel regulatory pathway and a therapeutic approach for improving the efficiency of dentin regeneration in affected teeth.
Commentaire de travail de A. Ignjatovic et al., pp. 94
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also:What is the most reliable imaging modality for small colonic polyp characterization? Study of white-light, autofluorescence, and narrow-band imagingEndoscopy 2011; 43(02): 94-99DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256074
ERC-ESICM guidelines on temperature control after cardiac arrest in adults
Authors: Claudio Sandroni, Jerry P. Nolan, Lars W. Andersen, Bernd W. Böttiger, Alain Cariou, Tobias Cronberg, Hans Friberg, Cornelia Genbrugge, Gisela Lilja, Peter T. Morley, Nikolaos Nikolaou, Theresa M. Olasveengen, Markus B. Skrifvars, Fabio S. Taccone, Jasmeet Soar
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2022)
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals a low CD8<sup>+</sup>T cell infiltrating state mediated by fibroblasts in recurrent renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yu-Lu Peng, Long-Bin Xiong, Zhao-Hui Zhou, Kang Ning, Zhen Li, Ze-Shen Wu, Min-Hua Deng, Wen-Su Wei, Ning Wang, Xiang-Peng Zou, Zhi-Song He, Ji-Wei Huang, Jun-Hang Luo, Jian-Ye Liu, Nan Jia, Yun Cao, Hui Han, Sheng-Jie Guo, Pei Dong, Chun-Ping Yu, Fang-Jian Zhou, Zhi-Ling Zhang
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Purpose Recurrent renal cell carcinoma(reRCC) is associated with poor prognosis and the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. A comprehensive understanding of tumor microenvironment (TME) of reRCC may aid in designing effective anticancer therapies, including immunotherapies. Single-cell transcriptomics holds great promise for investigating the TME, however, this technique has not been used in reRCC. Here, we aimed to explore the difference in the TME and gene expression pattern between primary RCC (pRCC) and reRCC at single-cell level. Experimental design We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of 32,073 cells from 2 pRCC, 2 reRCC, and 3 adjacent normal kidney samples. 41 pairs of pRCC and reRCC samples were collected as a validation cohort to assess differences observed in single-cell sequencing. The prognostic significance of related cells and markers were studied in 47 RCC patients underwent immunotherapy. The function of related cells and markers were validated via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results reRCC had reduced CD8 + T cells but increased cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) infiltration compared with pRCC. Reduced CD8 + T cells and increased CAFs infiltration were significantly associated with a worse response from immunotherapy. Remarkably, CAFs showed substantial expression of LGALS1 (Gal1). In vitro, CAFs could induce CD8 + T cells apoptosis via Gal1. In vivo, knockdown of Gal1 in CAFs suppressed tumor growth, increased CD8 + T cells infiltration, reduced the proportion of apoptotic CD8 + T cells and enhanced the efficacy of immunotherapy. Conclusions We delineated the heterogeneity of reRCC and highlighted an innovative mechanism that CAFs acted as a suppressor of CD8 + T cells via Gal1. Targeting Gal1 combined with anti-PD1 showed promising efficacy in treating RCC.