tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New variant of SARS-CoV-2 in UK causes surge of COVID-19
Authors: Tony Kirby
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)

For most of November, 2020, England was in lockdown to force down the incidence of COVID-19 cases that had steadily increased in the late summer and autumn. Other countries in the UK (Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland) had also been reimposing and subsequently lifting restrictions, since each of the four nations is in charge of its own COVID-19 control plans.
Individualized Approach to the Management of Coronary Heart Disease: Identifying the Nonresponders Before It Is Too Late⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Peter Ganz, Priscilla Y. Hsue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Combination of apremilast and narrowband ultraviolet B light in the treatment of generalized vitiligo in skin phototypes IV to VI: A randomized split-body pilot study
Authors: Hee J. Kim, Giselle K. Singer, Ester Del Duca, Brian J. Abittan, Margot A. Chima, Grace Kimmel, Jennifer Bares, Matthew Gagliotti, Jordan Genece, Justin Chu, Gregory Wilding, Ana B. Pavel, Emma Guttman-Yassky, Mark G. Lebwohl
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Thylakoid Membranes with Unique Photosystems Used to Simultaneously Produce Self‐Supplying Oxygen and Singlet Oxygen for Hypoxic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Yan Cheng, Runxiao Zheng, Xiaqing Wu, Keqiang Xu, Panpan Song, Yanjing Wang, Jiao Yan, Rui Chen, Xi Li, Haiyuan Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy has been dramatically limited by the insufficient oxygen (O 2 ) level in hypoxic tumors. Although various PDT nanosystems have been designed to deliver or produce O 2 in support of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, the feature of asynchronous O 2 generation and ROS formation still results in the low PDT efficacy. Herein, thylakoid membranes (TM) of chloroplasts is decorated on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to form UCTM NPs, aiming at realizing spatiotemporally synchronous O 2 self‐supply and ROS production. Upon 980 nm laser irradiation, UC NPs can emit the red light to activate both photosystem‐I and photosystem‐II of TM, the Z‐scheme electronic structure of which facilitates water to produce O 2 and further to singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). UCTM NPs showed excellent biocompatibility, and can effectively remove the hypoxic tumor of mice upon 980 nm laser irradiation. This study develops a new PDT strategy for hypoxic tumor therapy based on photosynthesis.
Correspondence on ‘Preliminary predictive criteria for COVID-19 cytokine storm’
Authors: Desiree Tampe, Martin S Winkler, Peter Korsten, Samy Hakroush, Onnen Moerer, Björn Tampe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

We read with great interest the recent article by Caricchio et al reporting preliminary predictive criteria for COVID-19 cytokine storm (COVID-CS).1 Early risk stratification for disease course and mortality is important especially in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 to guide physicians in their evaluation to define patients at risk not surviving COVID-19 who may benefit from specific interventions.2 To develop a predictive model, the authors used univariate logistic regressions to identify variables and clusters associated with COVID-CS, resulting in defined optimal cut-off values.1 The model identified patients at risk for COVID-CS, associated with longer hospitalisation and increased mortality. While ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) did not add predictive power, these parameters were included in the final criteria per expert preference for clinical reassurance of ongoing systemic inflammation. Therefore, we here describe the performance of the COVID-CS predictive model for the requirement of intensive care unit (ICU) supportive care and mortality in a single-centre cohort of 20 critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. …
Participation in Fraternity and Sorority Activities and the Spread of COVID-19 Among Residential University Communities — Arkansas, August 21–September 5, 2020
Authors: Kristyn E. Vang, Elisabeth R. Krow-Lucal, Allison E. James, Michael J. Cima, Atul Kothari, Namvar Zohoori, Austin Porter, Ellsworth M. Campbell
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 , in colleges and universities requires mitigation strategies that address on-and off-campus congregate living settings as well as extracurricular activities and other social gatherings (1-4).At the start of the academic year, sorority and fraternity organizations host a series of recruitment activities known as rush week; rush week culminates with bid day, when selections are announced.At university A in Arkansas, sorority rush week (for women) was held during August 17-22, 2020, and consisted of on-and offcampus social gatherings, including an outdoor bid day event on August 22.Fraternity rush week (for men) occurred during August 27-31, with bid day scheduled for September 5.During August 22-September 5, university A-associated COVID-19 cases were reported to the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH).A total of 965 confirmed and probable COVID-19 cases associated with university A were identified, with symptom onset occurring during August 20-September 5, 2020; 31% of the patients with these cases reported involvement in any fraternity or sorority activity.Network analysis identified 54 gatherings among all linkages of cases to places of residence and cases to events, 49 (91%) were linked by participation in fraternity and sorority activities accounting for 42 (72%) links among gatherings.On September 4, university A banned gatherings of ≥10 persons, and fraternity bid day was held virtually.The rapid increase in COVID-19 cases was likely facilitated by on-and off-campus congregate living settings and activities, and health departments should work together with student organizations and university leadership to ensure compliance with mitigation measures.University A began the academic year on August 24, offering in-class and virtual instruction for approximately 20,000 students; a majority of students used virtual instruction.Before and during the start of the academic year, students might have participated in on-and off-campus fraternity or sorority activities.Cases were identified by the university during an ADH-sponsored testing event (September 1-3) or linked to the university by ADH.Case data were reported to ADH by clinic staff members at university A and stored in an electronic database (REDCap, version 8.8.0; Vanderbilt University).Using a standardized questionnaire, ADH nurses interviewed persons with university-associated COVID-19 * ADH followed up with cases that had testing and diagnosis before symptom onset to identify the actual date of symptom onset.
Crosstalk between codon optimality and cis-regulatory elements dictates mRNA stability
Authors: Santiago Gerardo Medina-Muñoz, Gopal Kushawah, Luciana Andrea Castellano, Michay Diez, Michelle Lynn DeVore, María José Blanco Salazar, Ariel Alejandro Bazzini
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Abstract Background The regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) stability has a profound impact on gene expression dynamics during embryogenesis. For example, in animals, maternally deposited mRNAs are degraded after fertilization to enable new developmental trajectories. Regulatory sequences in 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) have long been considered the central determinants of mRNA stability. However, recent work indicates that the coding sequence also possesses regulatory information. Specifically, translation in cis impacts mRNA stability in a codon-dependent manner. However, the strength of this mechanism during embryogenesis, as well as its relationship with other known regulatory elements, such as microRNA, remains unclear. Results Here, we show that codon composition is a major predictor of mRNA stability in the early embryo. We show that this mechanism works in combination with other cis -regulatory elements to dictate mRNA stability in zebrafish and Xenopus embryos as well as in mouse and human cells. Furthermore, we show that microRNA targeting efficacy can be affected by substantial enrichment of optimal (stabilizing) or non-optimal (destabilizing) codons. Lastly, we find that one microRNA, miR-430, antagonizes the stabilizing effect of optimal codons during early embryogenesis in zebrafish. Conclusions By integrating the contributions of different regulatory mechanisms, our work provides a framework for understanding how combinatorial control of mRNA stability shapes the gene expression landscape.
The Landscape of Cell and Gene Therapies for Solid Tumors
Authors: Shuhang Wang, Fa Sun, Huiyao Huang, Kun Chen, Qi-Jing Li, Lu Zhang, Enxiu Wang, Chen Wang, Hai Zhang, Andy Qingan Yuan, Bin Chen, Tao Deng, Yarong Liu, Jingwei Sun, Dongfang Liu, Yue Yu, Yuan Fang, Ning Jiang, Dawei Wu, Hong Fang, Ying Bai, Shujun Xing, Yufen Ni, Qi Fan, Anqi Yu, Chao Sun, Yu Tang, Ning Li, Binghe Xu, Jie He
Journal: Cancer Cell (2021)
Letter to the Editor: Clinical Implications of Postoperative Radiotherapy on Patient Survival in Stage IIIA Resected Lung Cancer: More Variables Should Be Considered
Authors: Donglai Chen, Xiaofan Wang, Qifeng Ding, Yongbing Chen
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

"Letter to the Editor: Clinical Implications of Postoperative Radiotherapy on Patient Survival in Stage IIIA Resected Lung Cancer: More Variables Should Be Considered" published on 06 Jan 2021 by National Comprehensive Cancer Network.
Comparative Effectiveness of Protective Ventilation Strategies for Moderate and Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sachin Sud, Jan O. Friedrich, Neill K. J. Adhikari, Eddy Fan, Niall D. Ferguson, Gordon Guyatt, Maureen O. Meade
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Rationale: Choosing the best ventilation strategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is complex, yet it is highly relevant to clinicians during a respiratory pandemic. Objectives: To compare the effects of low Vt, high Vt, high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), prone ventilation, high-frequency oscillation, and venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) on mortality in ARDS. Methods: We performed a network meta-analysis of randomized trials. We applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to discern the relative effect of interventions on mortality. Measurements and Main Results: We analyzed 34 trials including 9,085 adults with primarily moderate-to-severe ARDS (median baseline PaO2/FiO2, 118; interquartile range, 110-143). Prone positioning combined with low Vt was the best strategy (risk ratio [RR], 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60-0.92] vs. low Vt; high certainty). VV ECMO was also rated among the best (RR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.58-1.05] vs. low Vt; RR, 0.66; [95% CI, 0.49-0.88] vs. high Vt) but was rated with lower certainty because VV ECMO was restricted to very severe ARDS (mean baseline PaO2/FiO2<75). High PEEP combined with low Vt was rated intermediately (RR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.81-1.03] vs. low Vt; low certainty; RR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.65-0.91] vs. high Vt; moderate certainty). High Vt was rated worst (RR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.02-1.37] vs. low Vt; moderate certainty), and we found no support for high-frequency oscillation or high Vt with prone ventilation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that combining low Vt with prone ventilation is associated with the greatest reduction in mortality for critically ill adults with moderate-to-severe ARDS.
The Effect of Flat Flexible Versus Stable Supportive Shoes on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms
Authors: Kade L. Paterson, Kim L. Bennell, Penny K. Campbell, Ben R. Metcalf, Tim V. Wrigley, Jessica Kasza, Rana S. Hinman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Experts recommend that persons with knee osteoarthritis wear stable supportive shoes; however, evidence suggests that flat flexible shoes may be more beneficial.To compare flat flexible with stable supportive shoes for knee osteoarthritis symptoms.Participant- and assessor-blinded randomized trial. (Prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry [ACTRN12617001098325]).Community.164 patients with moderate to severe symptomatic radiographic medial knee osteoarthritis.Flat flexible (n = 82) or stable supportive shoes (n = 82), worn for at least 6 hours a day for 6 months.Primary outcomes were changes in walking pain (measured by an 11-point numerical rating scale) and physical function (as assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index subscale of 0 to 68 points) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included additional pain and function measures, physical activity, and quality of life. Other measures included adverse events.Of 164 participants recruited, 161 (98%) completed 6-month primary outcomes. No evidence was found that flat flexible shoes were superior to stable supportive shoes in primary outcomes. Evidence did show a between-group difference in change in pain favoring stable supportive shoes (mean difference, 1.1 units [95% CI, 0.5 to 1.8 units]; P = 0.001) but not function (mean difference, 2.3 units [CI, -0.9 to 5.5 units]; P = 0.167). Improvements in knee-related quality of life and ipsilateral hip pain favored stable supportive shoes (mean difference, -5.3 units [CI, -10.0 to -0.5 units] and 0.7 units [CI, 0.0 to 1.4 units], respectively). Flat flexible shoes were not superior to stable supportive shoes for any secondary outcome. Fewer participants reported adverse events with stable supportive shoes (n = 12 [15%]) compared with flat flexible shoes (n = 26 [32%]) (risk difference, -0.17 [CI, -0.30 to -0.05]).No "usual shoes" control group and a select patient subgroup, which may limit generalizability.Flat flexible shoes were not superior to stable supportive shoes. Contrary to our hypothesis, stable supportive shoes improved knee pain on walking more than flat flexible shoes.National Health and Medical Research Council.
Noninvasive Surrogate Markers of Pulmonary Hypertension Are Associated with Poor Survival in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Bastian Eul, Michael Cekay, Soni Savai Pullamsetti, Khodr Tello, Jochen Wilhelm, Stefan Gattenlöhner, Ulf Sibelius, Friedrich Grimminger, Werner Seeger, Rajkumar Savai
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)
Abstract 17523: Case Fatality and Revascularization for Myocardial Infarction in Primary vs Secondary Positions: ARIC Study
Authors: Gautam R Shroff, Rachel Kloss Silverman, Alvaro Alonso, Tibor Fulop, Cameron Guild, Erin D Michos, Aaron Folsom, Wayne Rosamond
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: The objective of this study was to assess case fatality and utilization of coronary revascularization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) when coded in the primary vs. any secondary p...
MO01.03 Biomarker Testing Patterns and Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations
Authors: F.A. Zadeh Vosta Kolaei, B. Cai, H. Kanakamedala, J. Kim, V. Doban, S. Zhang, M. Shi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
SpRY greatly expands the genome editing scope in rice with highly flexible PAM recognition
Authors: Ziyan Xu, Yongjie Kuang, Bin Ren, Daqi Yan, Fang Yan, Carl Spetz, Wenxian Sun, Guirong Wang, Xueping Zhou, Huanbin Zhou
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Abstract Background Plant genome engineering mediated by various CRISPR-based tools requires specific protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs), such as the well-performed NGG, NG, and NNG, to initiate target recognition, which notably restricts the editable range of the plant genome. Results In this study, we thoroughly investigate the nuclease activity and the PAM preference of two structurally engineered SpCas9 variants, SpG and SpRY, in transgenic rice. Our study shows that SpG nuclease favors NGD PAMs, albeit less efficiently than the previously described SpCas9-NG, and that SpRY nuclease achieves efficient editing across a wide range of genomic loci, exhibiting a preference of NGD as well as NAN PAMs. Furthermore, SpRY-fused cytidine deaminase hAID*Δ and adenosine deaminase TadA8e are generated, respectively. These constructs efficiently induce C-to-T and A-to-G conversions in the target genes toward various non-canonical PAMs, including non-G PAMs. Remarkably, high-frequency self-editing events (indels and DNA fragments deletion) in the integrated T-DNA fragments as a result of the nuclease activity of SpRY are observed, whereas the self-editing of SpRY nickase-mediated base editor is quite low in transgenic rice lines. Conclusions The broad PAM compatibility of SpRY greatly expands the targeting scope of CRISPR-based tools in plant genome engineering.
Implantable Cardiac Kirigami‐Inspired Lead‐Based Energy Harvester Fabricated by Enhanced Piezoelectric Composite Film
Authors: Zhe Xu, Congran Jin, Andrew Cabe, Danny Escobedo, Aleksandra Gruslova, Scott Jenney, Andrew B. Closson, Lin Dong, Zi Chen, Marc D. Feldman, John X. J. Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Harvesting biomechanical energy to power implantable electronics such as pacemakers has been attracting great attention in recent years because it replaces conventional batteries and provides a sustainable energy solution. However, current energy harvesting technologies that directly interact with internal organs often lack flexibility and conformability, and they usually require additional implantation surgeries that impose extra burden to patients. To address this issue, here a Kirigami inspired energy harvester, seamlessly incorporated into the pacemaker lead using piezoelectric composite films is reported, which not only possesses great flexibility but also requires no additional implantation surgeries. This lead-based device allows for harvesting energy from the complex motion of the lead caused by the expansion-contraction of the heart. The device's Kirigami pattern has been designed and optimized to attain greatly improved flexibility which is validated via finite element method (FEM) simulations, mechanical tensile tests, and energy output tests where the device shows a power output of 2.4 µW. Finally, an in vivo test using a porcine model reveals that the device can be implanted into the heart straightforwardly and generates voltages up to ≈0.7 V. This work offers a new strategy for designing flexible energy harvesters that power implantable electronics.
NF-κB-inducing kinase maintains T cell metabolic fitness in antitumor immunity
Authors: Meidi Gu, Xiaofei Zhou, Jee Hyung Sohn, Lele Zhu, Zuliang Jie, Jin-Young Yang, Xiaofeng Zheng, Xiaoping Xie, Jie Yang, Yaoyao Shi, Hans D. Brightbill, Jae Bum Kim, Jing Wang, Xuhong Cheng, Shao-Cong Sun
Journal: Nature Immunology (2021)
Doctor who was suspended for dishonesty can practise again with conditions
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

A doctor who was suspended from the UK medical register a year ago for dishonesty and misconduct has been allowed to practise again with conditions after undertaking courses on medical ethics and one-to-one work with a specialist in ethics and probity.

The General Medical Council, which had urged a medical practitioners’ tribunal to strike Tarek Seda off the register in December 2019, accepted at the review tribunal considering his case a year later …
Kidney disease genetic risk variants alter lysosomal beta-mannosidase ( <i>MANBA</i> ) expression and disease severity
Authors: Xiangchen Gu, Hongliu Yang, Xin Sheng, Yi-An Ko, Chengxiang Qiu, Jihwan Park, Shizheng Huang, Rachel Kember, Renae L. Judy, Joseph Park, Scott M. Damrauer, Girish Nadkarni, Ruth J. F. Loos, Vy Thi Ha My, Kumardeep Chaudhary, Erwin P. Bottinger, Ishan Paranjpe, Aparna Saha, Christopher Brown, Shreeram Akilesh, Adriana M. Hung, Matthew Palmer, Aris Baras, John D. Overton, Jeffrey Reid, Marylyn Ritchie, Daniel J. Rader, Katalin Susztak
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

MANBA is a kidney disease risk gene that alters tubular endolysosomal function, inducing inflammasome activation and fibrosis.
Implications of Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Net Fishing in Lower Income Countries
Authors: David A. Larsen, Joseph Makaure, Sadie J. Ryan, Donald Stewart, Adrianne Traub, Rick Welsh, Deirdre H. Love, Joseph H. Bisesi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

INTRODUCTION: Insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) are highly effective for the control of malaria.Yet widely distributed ITNs have been repurposed as fishing nets throughout the world.OBJECTIVES: Herein we present a synthesis of the current knowledge of ITN fishing and the toxicity of pyrethroids and discuss the potential implications of widespread fishing with ITNs.We further review effective management strategies in tropical fisheries to explore a framework for managing potential ITN fishing impacts.DISCUSSION: Pyrethroids are toxic to fish and aquatic environments, and fishing with ITNs may endanger the health of fisheries.Furthermore, although human toxicity to the pyrethroid insecticides that impregnate ITNs is traditionally thought to be low, recent scientific advances have shown that pyrethroid exposure is associated with a host of human health issues, including neurocognitive developmental disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.Although it is known that ITN fishing is widespread, the implications for both fisheries and human communities is understudied and may be severe.
Sorting Out Whether Vitamin D Deficiency Raises COVID-19 Risk
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Igor H. Murai, PhD; Alan L. Fernandes, PhD; Lucas P. Sales, MSc; Ana J. Pinto, BSc; Karla F. Goessler, PhD; Camila S. C. Duran, MD; Carla B. R. Silva, MD; André S. Franco, MD; Marina B. Macedo, MD, MSc; Henrique H. H. Dalmolin, MD; Janaina Baggio, MD; Guilherme G. M. Balbi, MD; Bruna Z. Reis, PhD; Leila Antonangelo, MD, PhD; Valeria F. Caparbo, PhD; Bruno Gualano, PhD; Rosa M. R. Pereira, MD, PhD
The Mortality Risk of Proton Pump Inhibitors in 1.9 Million US Seniors: An Extended Cox Survival Analysis
Authors: Seo H. Baik, Kin-Wah Fung, Clement J. McDonald
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)

Observational studies have linked proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with increased risk of mortality and other safety outcomes, in contradiction with a recent PPI randomized controlled trial (RCT). Observational studies may be prone to reverse causality, where deaths are attributed to the treatment rather than the conditions that are treated (protopathic bias).We analyzed an incident drug user cohort of 1,930,728 elderly Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries to evaluate the PPI-associated risk of death with a Cox regression analysis with time-varying covariates and propensity score adjustments. To correct for protopathic bias which occurs when a given drug is associated with prodromal signs of death, we implemented a lag-time approach by which any study drug taken during a 90-day look-back window before each death was disregarded.Among 1,930,728 study individuals, 80,972 (4.2%) died during a median 3.8 years of follow-up, yielding an overall unadjusted death rate/1000 person-years of 9.85; 14.31 for PPI users and 7.93 for non- users. With no lag-time, PPI use (vs no use) was associated with 10% increased mortality risk (adjusted HR=1.10; 95% CI 1.08-1.12). However, with a lag-time of 90 days, mortality risk associated with PPI use was near zero (adjusted HR=1.01; 95% CI 0.99-1.02).Given the usage patterns of PPIs in patients with conditions that may presage death, protopathic bias may explain the association of PPIs with increased risk of death reported in observational studies.