tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Facilitating effect of cold shock on recovery from anoxia-induced contractile depression in isolated rat heart and heart muscle.
Authors: TOkada
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The effect of rapid cooling on the recovery process from anoxia-induced hypodynamic state was studied in isolated rat ventricular muscle and ventricle. Following 10-15 minutes' perfusion of N2-saturated Krebs solution, the muscle was reoxygenated. When the muscle was rapidly cooled for 10-30 seconds during the early phase of reoxygenation, the rate of recovery from contracture significantly increased (p less than 0.01). Rapid cooling was also effective on the recovery from contracture induced by superfusion of Krebs solution with lowered sodium chloride concentration, but it did not affect the recovery from rigor induced by CN-. In the recovery from sustained anoxia (60 minutes), cooling facilitated reattainment of tension development and reduction in contracture tension. Similarly, in whole heart, 2-3 episodes of rapid cooling for about 60 seconds significantly accelerated the recovery of pressure development after 30 minutes of anoxia. At 60 minutes after reoxygenation, pressure development in hearts th...
Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of myocardium from dogs, rats, hamsters, mice, and from human hearts.
Authors: JSchaper, EMeiser, GStämmler
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Volume densities of mitochondria, myofibrils, and unspecified cytoplasm were measured by ultrastructural morphometry in myocardium from dogs, rats, hamsters, mice, and in biopsied tissue from human hearts. Human myocardium was composed of 23% mitochondria, 59% myofibrils, and 18% cytoplasm. Volume densities for mitochondria were 22% for dogs, 28% for rats and hamsters, and 32% for mice. Myofibrillar volume densities were highest in dogs with 63%, 57% for rats and hamsters, and 49% for mice. Differences were significant between all except man and dog, and rat and hamster. In an extensive analysis of canine myocardium, it could be shown that the quantitative composition of tissue from the left ventricular free wall (anterior, lateral, posterior) and the papillary muscles was identical. There were also no differences between subepi- and subendocardium as well as the midmyocardium. Volume densities from longitudinal sections were identical to those from transversal sections. Fixation with glutaraldehyde by pe...
In vivo targets of dietary sphingolipids
Authors: Eva M. Schmelz, Michael J. Vespremi, Kirk W. Simon, Paul C. Roberts
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

1375  Sphingolipid metabolites are generated to mediate the response of cells to growth factors, cytokines, cellular stresses, and chemotherapeutic agents. They regulate cell growth, and induce differentiation and apoptosis. These processes are deregulated in cancer cells but may be restored by exogenous sphingolipids. We have shown earlier that supplementation of the diet with sphingolipids that are hydrolyzed throughout the intestinal tract to bioactive metabolites reduced tumor incidence in DMH-treated mice by 70%. A reversal of carcinogen-induced changes in proliferation and cell death rather than the induction of apoptosis in transformed cells per se appeared to be a key event in this inhibition. However, the mechanisms of this growth ’normalization’ are not known. The present study was designed to identify targets of dietary sphingolipids in vivo in order to determine sphingolipid-modulated signaling pathways that lead to a suppression of tumor formation. The epithelial cells lining the colon were scraped from snap-frozen colons from control mice (fed only sphingolipid-free AIN76A diet) or sphingolipid-fed mice, and used for both RT-PCR analysis of gene transcription, and Western Blot analysis of protein expression. Proteins that have been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell growth by sphingolipids in vitro such as bax, bcl-2, c-myc, and proteins that are important in colon cancer and may be modulated by dietary sphingolipids such as Cyclin D1 and β-catenin were selected for these analyses. The transcription of most of these genes was not altered by feeding sphingomyelin for 47 weeks as determined by RT-PCR. However, the expression of key proteins such as β-catenin and Cyclin D1 was markedly reduced. These results suggest that a post-translational regulation of protein expression may be important in the regulation of colonic cell growth and tumor suppression by dietary sphingolipids. (Supported by the National Dairy Council)
Clinicopathologic correlations. De subitaneis mortibus. XXV. Sarcoid heart disease.
Authors: T NJames
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Postmortem findings within the cardiac conduction system are described from the case of a black woman with sarcoid heart disease who died suddenly. Her clinical course had been characterized by recurring ventricular arrhythmias and bouts of syncope. Both the sinus node artery and the atrioventricular (A-V) node artery were sites of focal fibromuscular dysplasia, which thickened slightly the wall of the former but markedly narrowed the lumen of the latter. Small foci of sarcoid infiltration were present in the sinus node and the A-V node. Fatty replacement within the His bundle was attributable to the probable ischemia caused by narrowing of the A-V node artery. Sarcoid granulomata and infiltration with epithelioid cells were present throughout the ventricular myocardium, but were conspicuously less prevalent in the atria. All the large coronary arteries were normal. Many small coronary arteries in the ventricular myocardium were involved by the sarcoidosis and their lumen were narrowed. These findings and...
Trial of Upadacitinib and Adalimumab for Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Iain B. McInnes, Jaclyn K. Anderson, Marina Magrey, Joseph F. Merola, Yi Liu, Mitsumasa Kishimoto, Slawomir Jeka, Cesar Pacheco-Tena, Xin Wang, Liang Chen, Patrick Zueger, John Liu, Aileen L. Pangan, Frank Behrens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

The Janus kinase inhibitor upadacitinib is a potential treatment for psoriatic arthritis. The efficacy and safety of upadacitinib as compared with adalimumab, a tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor, in patients who have an inadequate response to nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are unclear.
Current fluctuations and oscillations in smooth muscle cells from hog carotid artery. Role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Authors: MDésilets, S PDriska, C MBaumgarten
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Electrical activity of enzymatically isolated, smooth muscle cells from hog carotid arteries was recorded under current clamp and voltage clamp. Under the experimental conditions, membrane potential usually was not stable, and spontaneous hyperpolarizing transients of approximately 100-msec duration were recorded. The amplitude of the transients was markedly voltage dependent and ranged from about 20 mV at a membrane potential of 0 mV to undetectable at membrane potentials negative to -60 mV. Under voltage clamp, transient outward currents displayed a similar voltage dependency. These fluctuations reflect a K+ current; they were abolished by 10 mM tetraethylammonium chloride, a K+ channel blocker, and the current fluctuations reversed direction in high extracellular K+ concentration. Modulators of intracellular Ca2+ concentration also affected electrical activity. Lowering intracellular Ca2+ concentration by addition of 10 mM EGTA to the pipette solution or suppressing sarcoplasmic reticulum function by s...
Swine aortic smooth muscle in tissue culture. Some effects of purified swine lipoproteins on cell growth and morphology.
Authors: B GBrown, RMahley, GAssmann
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) were grown from inner media explants of swine aorta and used as a model for studying the role of lipoproteins in atherogenesis. These cultured cells retain the characteristics of SMC through multiple passages. Cell growth curves, in time, were obtained by using standard counting techniques, SMC grew slowly (0.019 cycle/day) in modified Dulbecco-Vogt medium supplemented with 1.5% swine serum. Purified lipoproteins were prepared from three normolipidemic and two hyperlipidemic (cholesterol-fed) swine. When the medium of 84 growth experiments was supplemented with these lipoproteins, SMC growth rate increased linearly with lipoprotein cholesterol concentration up to 10 mg/dl. At 10 mg/dl of lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) increased growth rate 7.2-fold (P less than 0.01); low density lipoproteins (LDL) 5.7-fold (P less than 0.01); high density lipoproteins (HDL2) 3,4-fold (P less than 0.02); and HDLc, and lipoprotein appearing in the hyperlipidemic swin...
Nitrate tolerance in epicardial arteries or in the venous system is not reversed by N-acetylcysteine in vivo, but tolerance-independent interactions exist.
Authors: TMünzel, JHoltz, AMülsch, D JStewart, EBassenge
Journal: Circulation (1989)

N-acetylcysteine is assumed to reverse nitrate tolerance by replenishing depleted intracellular sulfhydryl groups, but data on interactions of N-acetylcysteine and nitrates in patients with stable angina are controversial and disappointing. Therefore, we studied the effect of N-acetylcysteine on nitrate responsiveness of epicardial arteries and of the venous system (assessed as changes in effective vascular compliance) in dogs (n = 12) during long-term nitroglycerin treatment (1.5 micrograms/kg/min i.v. for 5-6 days). In dogs with nitroglycerin-specific tolerance (shift of venous or epicardial artery dilation to 15-17-fold higher dosages), N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg i.v.) had no dilator effect and did not alter the dose-response relations of nitroglycerin. Yet, in nontolerant dogs (n = 17), N-acetylcysteine augmented (1.5-2.0-fold) the dilation of epicardial arteries and the reduction of peripheral vascular resistance induced by 0.5-1.5 micrograms/kg/min nitroglycerin. In vitro, the augmentation of purif...
Postural hypotension and tachycardia during hydralazine--isosorbide dinitrate therapy for chronic heart failure.
Authors: BMassie, BKramer, FHaughom
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Supine and upright hemodynamic measurements were performed in 10 patients with chronic congestive heart failure, before and during vasodilator therapy with hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate. This combination of drugs produced significant improvement in supine hemodynamic measurements, with the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreasing from 26 +/- 5 to 18 +/- 5 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01) and stroke volume index increasing from 25 +/- 6 to 39 +/- 6 ml/m2 (p less than 0.01), without any significant change in heart rate (HR) or mean arterial pressure (MAP). However, with the patients upright, HR rose significantly (87 +/- 17 to 99 +/- 17 beats/min, p less than 0.05) and MAP fell (84 +/- 10 to 66 +/- 11 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) compared with measurements before treatment. These patients also exhibited potentially deleterious postural changes in HR, MAP, cardiac output, stroke volume index and stroke work index during therapy with the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate. Altho...
Uniting for adolescents in covid-19 and beyond
Authors: Helen Clark, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Anne-Birgitte Albrectsen, Jorge Alcocer, Errol Alden, Audrey Azoulay, Saul Billingsley, Robert W Blum, Rajesh Bhushan, Winnie Byanyima, Rodrigo Alberto Carazo Zeledon, Annabel Erulkar, Lucy Fagan, Adesegun Fatusi, Henrietta H Fore, Stefan Germann, Karina Gould, David Imbago, Jessica Kahn, Natalia Kanem, Uhuru Kenyatta, Zoleka Mandela, Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Wendy Morton, George Patton, Gogontlejang Phaladi, Susan M Sawyer, Kevin Watkins, Jayathma Wickramanayake, Anshu Mohan
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The current generation of adolescents is the largest ever, with 1.2 billion people aged 10-19 years worldwide. They are at risk of inheriting a world blighted by climate change and scarred by covid-19. Although they have been spared the most severe direct effects of the pandemic, the indirect effects on their wellbeing are devastating.12 Many adolescents are experiencing disruptions to their access to health, education, and preventive services, and the pandemic has further exacerbated inequalities.1 The pandemic is changing everything for adolescents and youth, as they experience the transitions that will define their future wellbeing: completing education, moving into the workforce, and forming life partnerships.

Even before covid-19, adolescents and young adults faced multiple and intersecting challenges to their wellbeing. These challenges include social injustice and inequalities (such as those related to gender, gender identity, and inclusion), insufficient social protection, inadequate mental health, poor sexual and reproductive health, and an inability to exercise their rights resulting in unintended pregnancies, HIV, and all forms of malnutrition. Adolescents and young adults are also experiencing a crisis of connection to family, community, and society, with increasing …
Ileal Capillary Hemangioma as a Cause of Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding And Severe Anemia in Middle Age Female
Authors: E Ghoneem, H Mohamed Abutaleb, ES Abou El-Magd, G Shiha
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Fifty- Two years old female presented with recurrent attack of melena and bleeding per rectum with severe recurrent anemia and blood transfusion. Upper and lower GIT endoscopy in two sessions by two endoscopists were free. Double balloon enteroscopy was planned and decided to do it through anal route. We found an ileal mass 40 cm from the ICV, but the mass go proximally with scope introduction and we found it again about 110 cm from the ICV (secondary intussuscption). The mass biopsied and surgical intervention was planned. Laparoscopic resection anastomosis was done. Pathological diagnosed was capillary hemangioma.
Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis In Pediatrics – Pancreas Divisum
Authors: DB Moura, N Nunes, M Flor de Lima, C Chálim Rebelo, MP Santos, V Costa Santos, AC Rego, JR Pereira, N Paz, MA Duarte
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Male patient, 14 years old, presents with recurrent acute pancreatitis. The main causes of acute pancreatitis were excluded and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed complete pancreas divisum, the minor papilla draining independently of the main pancreatic duct.
Response to Comment on: Zhang et al. A1C Level and Future Risk of Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1665–1673
Authors: Xuanping Zhang, Edward W. Gregg, David F. Williamson, Lawrence E. Barker, William Thomas, Kai McKeever Bullard, Giuseppina Imperatore, Desmond E. Williams, Ann L. Albright
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Robinson and Abdel-Motagally (1) compared their findings from FINDRISC, an individual study, to our summary estimates from a systematic review (2) and concluded that our A1C review overestimated future diabetes incidence. Although their findings add to our understanding of the A1C level–incident diabetes relationship, their conclusion was based on comparing a single study with a summary estimate from multiple studies. Our systematic review summarized a heterogeneous set of studies in which the annualized diabetes incidence ranged from 0.1% at A1C …
Abstract 50: Atrial Fibrillation is Associated with Higher Stroke Rates in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akintunde M Akinjero, Oluwole Adegbala, Nike E Akinjero, Eseosa Edo-Osagie, Tomi Akinyemiju
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Background: The prognosis of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTCM) is worse than in the general population. It is unclear how atrial fibrillation (AF) impacts this prognosis. We sought to evaluate the effect of concurrent AF on outcomes in patients with TTCM. Methods: We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to extract all hospitalizations between 2007 and 2011 with concurrent diagnosis of AF and TTCM. The ICD-9 CM codes for AF and TTCM were used. We compared patients admitted for TTCM who had coexisting AF to those without. We excluded patients below the age of 18 as well as those diagnosed with TTCM who later underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Multivariate regression was used to assess the independent effect of coexisting AF on clinical outcomes (length of stay (LOS), stroke, and in-hospital mortality). Results: A total of 13,136 TTCM patients were studied. Of these, 2,083 (15.86%) had coexisting AF. Compared with those without, TTCM patients with coexisting AF had a greater multivariate-adjusted risk for increased stroke rate (aOR=1.66, 95% CI=1.27-2.18, Table 1). We found no significant association with in-hospital mortality (aOR=1.21, 95% CI=0.96-1.52) or LOS (aOR=1.21, 95% CI= 0.83-1.58). Conclusions: In this large, nationally representative study, we found higher stroke rates in patients with coexisting AF and TTCM. Our findings suggest the need for closer monitoring during hospitalization.
Autoregulation of blood flow within individual arterioles in the rat cremaster muscle.
Authors: R JMorff, H JGranger
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Autoregulatory responses to alterations in arterial or venous perfusion pressure were determined for individual arterioles within the rat cremaster muscle. The cremaster muscle of pentobarbital anesthetized rats (50 mg/kg, ip) was surgically exposed and maintained in a controlled tissue bath for visualization by in vitro television microscopy. Cremaster bath PO2 was controlled at either a high (approximately 70 mm Hg) or low (approximately 19 mm Hg) level. Inside diameter and red blood cell velocity were measured for individual first (1A), second (2A), or third (3A) branching order arterioles, and instantaneous blood flows within each arteriole were calculated. To measure the autoregulatory responses, we decreased arterial perfusion pressure to the microvascular bed by gradually occluding the sacral aorta. Significant autoregulation was observed in all orders of vessels, but, in general, autoregulation was more pronounced at all vessel levels when bath PO2 was low, and the autoregulatory gain was greater ...
Sequelae of the initial attack of acute rheumatic fever in children from north India. A prospective 5-year follow-up study.
Authors: S KSanyal, A MBerry, SDuggal, VHooja, SGhosh
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We determined the outcome of acute rheumatic fever in 85 children from North India who had received regular antistreptococcal prophylaxis after their first attack. By the end of the 5-year follow-up, 33 patients had rheumatic heart disease. Mitral insufficiency, the most common valvular lesion, appeared in 91% of the patients, whereas mitral stenosis developed in only 18%. Initial carditis, congestive heart failure, cardiomegaly or moderate-to-severe mitral insufficiency significantly increased the risk of rheumatic heart disease (p less than 0.001). The recurrence rate of acute rheumatic fever in children who received continuous prophylaxis was 0.006 per patient-year. Most recurrence (92%) mimicked the first attack and produced further cardiac damage in five patients with carditis and in one patient with chorea. Cardiac status during the first attack of rheumatic fever and the continuity of prophylaxis were the major determinants of outcome. Statistical comparisons disclosed that with continuous prophyla...
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for coronary spasm.
Authors: MSugiishi, FTakatsu
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDAlthough there have been many studies on the risk factors for coronary artery disease, the etiology of coronary artery spasm has not yet been determined.METHODS AND RESULTSAfter diagnosis by coronary arteriography, various risk factors were compared between two groups of subjects using logistic regression analysis. The vasospasm group included 175 patients with angiographically determined coronary artery spasm but no coronary artery narrowing exceeding 25% of the luminal diameter. The control group comprised 176 subjects with completely normal coronary arteries and a negative response to ergonovine maleate. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for smoking as a risk factor for vasospasm was 2.41 and 1.53-3.82, respectively (p < 0.05). The adjusted odds ratios for total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index, calculated by multivariate logistic regression analysis, were not statistically nonsignificant.CO...
Schizophrenia during pregnancy
Authors: Paola Dazzan
Journal: HemaSphere (2021)

Purpose of review  A diagnosis of schizophrenia has significant implications for women of childbearing age, pregnant or considering a pregnancy, ranging from sexual health, psychopharmacological treatment, to the occurrence of negative pregnancy and foetal outcomes. We provide a short narrative review of recent papers focusing on these issues.  Recent findings  Although pregnancy rates have been increasing in women with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, they also tend to have altogether fewer pregnancies and fewer live births than women without this diagnosis, and also higher rates of induced abortions.Use of antipsychotics in pregnancy has also increased, and evidence suggests lack of significant contraindications for their use in this period. However, drug levels monitoring may be recommended across the three trimesters, as levels may change in relation to pregnancy-related physiology.Monitoring of physical health is an increasingly crucial issue, given higher risk of gestational diabetes, negative obstetric and infant outcomes in these women.  Summary  There is an urgent need to generate valid and reproducible research that could help implement appropriate treatment protocols and relapse-prevention approaches, and interventions based on strong pharmaceutical targets for the benefit of pregnant women with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, their families and their children.
Seven-year follow-up of cardiovascular study and maximal exercise of Chinese men.
Authors: R ABruce, Y LPao, NTing, B NChiang, Y BLi, E RAlexander, R PBeasley, L DFisher, S TChiang
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A seven-year follow-up in 1973 of a prospective cardiovascular study of 1820 initially, healthy, middle-aged Chinese men of 40-59 years of age identified 1745 (95.9%) known survivors, 49 (2.7%) interim deaths, and 26 (1.4) who could not be traced. Of the survivors, 1462 (83.8%) were re-examined, 292 (16.7%) had another treadmill test of maximal exercise, and 283 (16.2%) failed to return for re-examination. On the basis of interim surveillance of hospital admissions, questionnaires and re-examination, a greater incidence of noncardiovascular events (338 or 18.6%) than evidence of cardiovascular disease (220 or 12.1%) was found while the majority (1021 or 56.1%) remained healthy. Total mortality was 0.29 for men under 50 and 0.76 per 100 person-years for men of 50 or more years of age. Only nine, or 18.4% of the deaths were due to cardiovascular causes, and unexpectedly for this population sample, only three were attributed to stroke. When cardiovascular morbidity was related to presence of ST depression af...