tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differentiating Between Lead-Time Bias and True Survival Benefits When Discussing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Melanoma
Authors: Avani M. Kolla, Marianne Berwick, David Polsky
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Sociodemographic Correlates of Psychiatric Diagnoses Reported in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Peter B. Barr, Tim B. Bigdeli, Jacquelyn L. Meyers
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

All of Us is a landmark initiative for population-scale research into a variety of health conditions, including psychiatric disorders.To analyze the prevalence, comorbidity, and sociodemographic covariates of psychiatric disorders in the All of Us biobank.We estimated prevalence, overlap, and sociodemographic correlates for psychiatric disorders as reported in electronic health records for All of Us release 5 (N = 331 380).Social and demographic covariates.Psychiatric disorders derived from International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes across 6 broad domains: mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders.The analytic sample (N = 329 038) was 60.7% female (mean [SD] age, 50.9 [16.8] years). The prevalence of disorders ranged from 11.00% (95% CI, 10.68% to 11.32%) for any mood disorder to less than 1% (eg, obsessive-compulsive disorder, 0.18%; 95% CI, -0.16% to 0.52%), with mood disorders being the most common and personality disorders being the least. There was substantial overlap among disorders, with the majority of participants with a disorder (30 113/58 806, approximately 51%) having 2 or more registered diagnoses and tetrachoric correlations ranging from 0.43 to 0.74. Comparisons of prevalence across demographic categories revealed that non-Hispanic White people, individuals with low socioeconomic status, women and individuals assigned female at birth, and sexual minority individuals are at greatest risk for most disorders.Although rates of disorders among the All of Us cohort are lower than in the general population, considerable variation, comorbidity, and disparities exist across social groups. To improve the practice of equitable precision medicine, researchers can use comprehensive health data from large-scale resources such as All of Us.
Hospitalizations of Children Aged 5–11 Years with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 — COVID-NET, 14 States, March 2020–February 2022
Authors: Dallas S. Shi, Michael Whitaker, Kristin J. Marks, Onika Anglin, Jennifer Milucky, Kadam Patel, Huong Pham, Shua J. Chai, Breanna Kawasaki, James Meek, Evan J. Anderson, Andy Weigel, Justin Henderson, Ruth Lynfield, Susan L. Ropp, Alison Muse, Sophrena Bushey, Laurie M. Billing, Melissa Sutton, H. Keipp Talbot, Andrea Price, Christopher A. Taylor, Fiona P. Havers
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

On October 29, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration expanded the Emergency Use Authorization for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to children aged 5-11 years; CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' recommendation followed on November 2, 2021.* In late December 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) became the predominant strain in the United States,† coinciding with a rapid increase in COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among all age groups, including children aged 5-11 years (1). COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)§ data were analyzed to describe characteristics of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among 1,475 U.S. children aged 5-11 years throughout the pandemic, focusing on the period of early Omicron predominance (December 19, 2021-February 28, 2022). Among 397 children hospitalized during the Omicron-predominant period, 87% were unvaccinated, 30% had no underlying medical conditions, and 19% were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). The cumulative hospitalization rate during the Omicron-predominant period was 2.1 times as high among unvaccinated children (19.1 per 100,000 population) as among vaccinated¶ children (9.2).** Non-Hispanic Black (Black) children accounted for the largest proportion of unvaccinated children (34%) and represented approximately one third of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations in this age group. Children with diabetes and obesity were more likely to experience severe COVID-19. The potential for serious illness among children aged 5-11 years, including those with no underlying health conditions, highlights the importance of vaccination among this age group. Increasing vaccination coverage among children, particularly among racial and ethnic minority groups disproportionately affected by COVID-19, is critical to preventing COVID-19-associated hospitalization and severe outcomes.
Coordinated interaction between Lon protease and catalase-peroxidase regulates virulence and oxidative stress management during Salmonellosis
Authors: Perumalraja Kirthika, Vijayakumar Jawalagatti, Amal Senevirathne, John Hwa Lee
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

This study investigates the interplay between Lon protease and catalase-peroxidase (KatG) in relation to virulence modulation and the response to oxidative stress in Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Proteomic comparison of ST wild-type and lon deletion mutant led to the recognition of a highly expressed KatG protein product among five other protein candidates that were significantly affected by lon deletion. By employing a bacterium two-hybrid assay (B2H), we demonstrated that the catalytic domain of Lon protease potentially interacts with the KatG protein that leads to proteolytic cleavage. Assessment of virulence gene expression in single and double lon and katG mutants revealed katG to be a potential positive modulator of both Salmonella pathogenicity Island-1 (SPI-1) and −2, while lon significantly affected SPI-1 genes. ST double deletion mutant, ∆lon∆katG was more susceptible to survival defects within macrophage-like cells and exhibited meager colonization of the mouse spleen compared to the single deletion mutants. The findings reveal a previously unknown function of Lon and KatG interaction in Salmonella virulence. Taken together, our experiments demonstrate the importance of Lon and KatG to cope with oxidative stress, for intracellular survival and in vivo virulence of Salmonella.
Initial Decline (Dip) in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate After Initiation of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: Insights From DAPA-HF
Authors: Carly Adamson, Kieran F. Docherty, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Rudolf A. de Boer, Kevin Damman, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Lars Køber, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Felipe A. Martinez, Mark C. Petrie, Piotr Ponikowski, Marc S. Sabatine, Morten Schou, Scott D. Solomon, Subodh Verma, Olof Bengtsson, Anna Maria Langkilde, Mikaela Sjöstrand, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Pardeep S. Jhund, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: Circulation (2022)

In a post hoc analysis, the frequency of occurrence of an early decline (dip) in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after initiation of dapagliflozin and its association with outcomes were evaluated in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction randomized in the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure trial.Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with or without type 2 diabetes and an eGFR ≥30 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 were randomized to placebo or dapagliflozin 10 mg daily. The primary outcome was the composite of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death. The extent of the dip in eGFR between baseline and 2 weeks, patient characteristics associated with a >10% decline, and cardiovascular outcomes and eGFR slopes in participants experiencing this decline were investigated. Time-to-event outcomes were assessed in Cox regression from 14 days; eGFR slopes were assessed with repeated-measures mixed-effect models.The mean change in eGFR between day 0 and 14 was -1.1 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 (95% CI, -1.5 to -0.7) with placebo and -4.2 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 (95% CI, -4.6 to -3.9) with dapagliflozin, giving a between-treatment difference of 3.1 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 (95% CI, 2.6-3.7). The proportions of patients randomized to dapagliflozin experiencing a >10%, >20%, and >30% decline in eGFR were 38.2%, 12.6%, and 3.4%, respectively; for placebo, they were 21.0%, 6.4%, and 1.3%, respectively. The odds ratio for a >10% early decline in eGFR with dapagliflozin compared with placebo was 2.36 (95% CI, 2.07-2.69; P<0.001). Baseline characteristics associated with a >10% decline in eGFR on dapagliflozin were older age, lower eGFR, higher ejection fraction, and type 2 diabetes. The hazard ratio for the primary outcome in patients in the placebo group experiencing a >10% decline in eGFR compared with ≤10% decline in eGFR was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.19-1.78). The corresponding hazard ratio in the dapagliflozin group was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.59-0.91; Pinteraction<0.001). A >10% initial decline in eGFR was not associated with greater long-term decline in eGFR or more adverse events.The average dip in eGFR after dapagliflozin was started was small and associated with better clinical outcomes compared with a similar decline on placebo in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Large declines in eGFR were uncommon with dapagliflozin.URL: https://www.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03036124.
CD36, a signaling receptor and fatty acid transporter that regulates immune cell metabolism and fate
Authors: Yiliang Chen, Jue Zhang, Weiguo Cui, Roy L. Silverstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

CD36 is a type 2 cell surface scavenger receptor widely expressed in many immune and non-immune cells. It functions as both a signaling receptor responding to DAMPs and PAMPs, as well as a long chain free fatty acid transporter. Recent studies have indicated that CD36 can integrate cell signaling and metabolic pathways through its dual functions and thereby influence immune cell differentiation and activation, and ultimately help determine cell fate. Its expression along with its dual functions in both innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to pathogenesis of common diseases, including atherosclerosis and tumor progression, which makes CD36 and its downstream effectors potential therapeutic targets. This review comprehensively examines the dual functions of CD36 in a variety of immune cells, especially macrophages and T cells. We also briefly discuss CD36 function in non-immune cells, such as adipocytes and platelets, which impact the immune system via intercellular communication. Finally, outstanding questions in this field are provided for potential directions of future studies.
No Diagnostic Concerns With Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Breast Cancer and Breast Implants
Authors: Charlotte Manisty, Ana Barac, Daniel Lenihan
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Association of Race, Ethnicity, and Rurality With Major Leg Amputation or Death Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized With Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Meghan B. Brennan, W. Ryan Powell, Farah Kaiksow, Joseph Kramer, Yao Liu, Amy J. H. Kind, Christie M. Bartels
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Patients identifying as Black and those living in rural and disadvantaged neighborhoods are at increased risk of major (above-ankle) leg amputations owing to diabetic foot ulcers. Intersectionality emphasizes that the disparities faced by multiply marginalized people (eg, rural US individuals identifying as Black) are greater than the sum of each individual disparity. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess whether intersecting identities of Black race, ethnicity, rural residence, or living in a disadvantaged neighborhood are associated with increased risk in major leg amputation or death among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with diabetic foot ulcers. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cohort study used 2013-2014 data from the US National Medicare Claims Data Database on all adult Medicare patients hospitalized with a diabetic foot ulcer. Statistical analysis was conducted from August 1 to October 27, 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Race was categorized using Research Triangle Institute variables. Rurality was assigned using Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes. Residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods comprised those living in neighborhoods at or above the national 80th percentile Area Deprivation Index. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Major leg amputation or death during hospitalization or within 30 days of hospital discharge. Logistic regression was used to explore interactions among race, ethnicity, rurality, and neighborhood disadvantage, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and ulcer severity. <h3>Results</h3> The cohort included 124 487 patients, with a mean (SD) age of 71.5 (13.0) years, of whom 71 286 (57.3%) were men, 13 100 (10.5%) were rural, and 21 649 (17.4%) identified as Black. Overall, 17.6% of the cohort (n = 21 919), 18.3% of rural patients (2402 of 13 100), and 21.9% of patients identifying as Black (4732 of 21 649) underwent major leg amputation or died. Among 1239 rural patients identifying as Black, this proportion was 28.0% (n = 347). This proportion exceeded the expected excess for rural patients (18.3% − 17.6% = 0.7%) plus those identifying as Black (21.9% − 17.6% = 4.3%) by more than 2-fold (28.0% − 17.6% = 10.4% vs 0.7% + 4.3% = 5.0%). The adjusted predicted probability of major leg amputation or death remained high at 24.7% (95% CI, 22.4%-26.9%), with a significant interaction between race and rurality. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Rural patients identifying as Black had a more than 10% absolute increased risk of major leg amputation or death compared with the overall cohort. This study suggests that racial and rural disparities interacted, amplifying risk. Findings support using an intersectionality lens to investigate and address disparities in major leg amputation and mortality for patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
Reclassifying the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Residual Tumor Classification According to the Extent of Nodal Dissection for NSCLC: One Size Does Not Fit All
Authors: Junghee Lee, Yun Soo Hong, Juhee Cho, Jin Lee, Genehee Lee, Danbee Kang, Jeonghee Yun, Yeong Jeong Jeon, Sumin Shin, Jong Ho Cho, Yong Soo Choi, Jhingook Kim, Jae Ill Zo, Young Mog Shim, Eliseo Guallar, Hong Kwan Kim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
Outcome Measurement in Pancreatic Surgery—A Shift Toward Holistic Assessment
Authors: Nine de Graaf, Mohammed Abu Hilal
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus and its association with meteorological factors in 13 European countries, week 40 2010 to week 39 2019
Authors: You Li, Xin Wang, Eeva K Broberg, Harry Campbell, Harish Nair
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the predominant cause of clinical pneumonia among infants and young children, often peaking during the winter months in temperate regions.AimTo describe RSV seasonality in 13 European countries and examine its association with meteorological factors.MethodsWe included weekly RSV seasonality data from 13 European countries between week 40 2010 and week 39 2019. Using local weighted regression method, we modelled weekly RSV activity with meteorological factors using data from the 2010/11 to the 2017/18 season. We predicted the weekly RSV activity of the 2018/19 season across 41 European countries and validated our prediction using empirical data.ResultsAll countries had annual wintertime RSV seasons with a longitudinal gradient in RSV onset (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.80). The RSV season started 3.8 weeks later (95% CI: -0.5 to 8.0) in countries in the eastern vs western parts of Europe, and the duration ranged from 8-18 weeks across seasons and countries. Lower temperature and higher relative humidity were associated with higher RSV activity, with a 14-day lag time. Through external validation, the prediction error in RSV season onset was -2.4 ± 3.2 weeks. Similar longitudinal gradients in RSV onset were predicted by our model for the 2018/19 season (r = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.66).ConclusionMeteorological factors, such as temperature and relative humidity, could be used for early warning of RSV season onset. Our findings may inform healthcare services planning and optimisation of RSV immunisation strategies in Europe.
Correction to: The N6-methyladenosine modification of circALG1 promotes the metastasis of colorectal cancer mediated by the miR-342-5p/PGF signalling pathway
Authors: Changwei Lin, Min Ma, Yi Zhang, Liang Li, Fei Long, Canbin Xie, Hua Xiao, Teng Liu, Buning Tian, Kaiyan Yang, Yihang Guo, Miao Chen, Jin Chou, Ni Gong, Xiaorong Li, Gui Hu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)
Adeno-Associated Virus Toolkit to Target Diverse Brain Cells
Authors: Rosemary C. Challis, Sripriya Ravindra Kumar, Xinhong Chen, David Goertsen, Gerard M. Coughlin, Acacia M. Hori, Miguel R. Chuapoco, Thomas S. Otis, Timothy F. Miles, Viviana Gradinaru
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2022)

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are commonly used gene delivery vehicles for neuroscience research. They have two engineerable features: the capsid (outer protein shell) and cargo (encapsulated genome). These features can be modified to enhance cell type or tissue tropism and control transgene expression, respectively. Several engineered AAV capsids with unique tropisms have been identified, including variants with enhanced central nervous system transduction, cell type specificity, and retrograde transport in neurons. Pairing these AAVs with modern gene regulatory elements and state-of-the-art reporter, sensor, and effector cargo enables highly specific transgene expression for anatomical and functional analyses of brain cells and circuits. Here, we discuss recent advances that provide a comprehensive (capsid and cargo) AAV toolkit for genetic access to molecularly defined brain cell types.
Safety and efficacy of vebicorvir in virologically suppressed patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Man-Fung Yuen, Kosh Agarwal, Xiaoli Ma, Tuan T. Nguyen, Eugene R. Schiff, Hie-Won L. Hann, Douglas T. Dieterich, Ronald G. Nahass, James S. Park, Sing Chan, Steven-Huy B. Han, Edward J. Gane, Michael Bennett, Katia Alves, Marc Evanchik, Ran Yan, Qi Huang, Uri Lopatin, Richard Colonno, Julie Ma, Steven J. Knox, Luisa M. Stamm, Maurizio Bonacini, Ira M. Jacobson, Walid S. Ayoub, Frank Weilert, Natarajan Ravendhran, Alnoor Ramji, Paul Yien Kwo, Magdy Elkhashab, Tarek Hassanein, Ho S. Bae, Jacob P. Lalezari, Scott K. Fung, Mark S. Sulkowski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2022)