tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Error in Table
Journal: JAMA (1991)

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Queries and Minor Notes
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LEUCOPLAKIA.
Authors: JOHN S. MARSHALL
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Leucoplakia is a term derived from the Greek \ g=l \ \ g=e\ vk\ l =o' \ s, white, and \ g=p\ \ g=l \ \ l =a' \ \ g=c\ , a surface, literally white surface or whitening of the surface.Definition.\p=m-\Leucoplakia is a chronic superficial inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tongue, the palate, the cheeks, and the gums, and is charac- terized by the presence of pearly-white or bluish- white plaques or patches; in some cases small, in others covering the entire dorsum of the tongue, the cheeks from the angle of the mouth back to the fauces, the palate, or the entire buccal surface of the gums.Various terms, such as ``leucoplakia lingu\l=ae\,'' ``leucoplakia buccalis,'' and ``leucoplakia gingiv\l=ae\,'' have been introduced to designate the location of the disease.Nomenclature.\p=m-\Thedisease is variously known as psoriasis lingu\l=ae\, zona (herpes zoster), smoker's patch, leucoma, leucoplakia, ichthyosis, leucokeratosis, leuco- plasia, leucoplaques, plaques opalines and superficial glossitis.Varieties.\p=m-\Therearetwo forms of leucoplaques found in the human mouth; the milky opaline patches, (plaques opalines), represented by the mucous patches of condylomata of secondary syphilis, and the non-syphilitic, smooth white or pearly-white patches for which Schwimmer was the first to propose the term " leucoplakia," and Hutchinson " leucoma."The French writers generally refer to the disease as "psori- asis lingua?," or " plaques opalines."Hulke has de- scribed a warty variety of the disease, and applied to it the term " ichthyosis lingua?."The plaques opalines or the mucous patches of sec- ondary syphilis are grayish-white and curdy in ap- pearance, resembling the superficial corrosion caused by the application of the nitrate of silver to the mucous membrane; while the plaques of leucoplakia are usually thin, shiny, bluish-white, white or pearly in color, sometimes having a yellowish tinge, but this, according to Butlin, is almost always due to the stain
ROBERT WILLAN—SYNTACTIC DERMATOLOGIST
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An eventful 20 years
Authors: None The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2021)

This issue marks 20 years of publication of The Lancet Infectious Diseases. In the issue, we publish two Reviews that reflect themes from the journal's first year of publication. The first paper published (in the April, 2001, preview issue) was a Review of the history of hand hygiene by Didier Pittet and John M Boyce. In this issue, Pittet and colleagues (with Nasim Lotfinejad as first author) return to this life-saving topic in infection control with a Review of 20 years of progress in promotion of hand hygiene.
Endoscopic ultrasonography
Authors: M. Polkowski
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A total of 131 patients with solid pancreatic masses were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to undergo endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with either a 22-gauge or 25-gauge needle [1]. Both study arms were comparable with respect to patient demographics, tumor size and location, and the use of anticoagulants and drugs affecting platelet function. The EUS–FNA was performed in a standard manner with on-site assessment of sample adequacy by a cytology technician. The final cytologic diagnosis was made by a cytologist blinded to the needle size used. For the purpose of the analysis, cytologic findings negative for malignancy, atypical and suspicious were considered nondiagnostic. The gold standard was not specified in the paper. The number of patients without malignancy who were punctured but not included in the analysis (only malignant cases were analyzed) remains unclear.
Phase 2 study of zolbetuximab plus mFOLFOX6 in claudin 18.2-positive locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (G/GEJ): ILUSTRO cohort 2.
Authors: Samuel J Klempner, Keun-Wook Lee, Jean-Philippe Metges, Daniel V.T. Catenacci, Fotios Loupakis, David H. Ilson, Manish A. Shah, Kohei Shitara, Ahsan Arozullah, Jung Wook Park, Jeffrey J. Raizer, Yung-Jue Bang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

e16063 Background: One accepted treatment for patients (pts) with advanced HER2-negative G/GEJ is mFOLFOX6 (5-FU, folinic acid, oxaliplatin). Despite treatment options, 5-year survival is poor, and limited biomarkers exist to inform treatment selection. Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), a tight junction protein normally confined to gastric mucosa of healthy tissue, is often retained in G/GEJ. Zolbetuximab, a chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody, binds to CLDN18.2 and mediates cancer cell death via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Nonclinical results showed that cytotoxic chemotherapy increased CLDN18.2 expression, improving ADCC/CDC activity of zolbetuximab. Phase 2 results (NCT01630083, FAST) showed prolonged survival with zolbetuximab+EOX (epirubicin, oxaliplatin, capecitabine) vs EOX in G/GEJ. This study assessed antitumor activity and safety/tolerability of first-line zolbetuximab+mFOLFOX6 (Cohort 2 in NCT03505320) in G/GEJ with high CLDN18.2 expression. Methods: Cohort 2 of this multicohort study enrolled adult pts with metastatic or locally advanced unresectable G/GEJ. Patients had measurable disease (RECIST v1.1), HER2-negative disease, and high CLDN18.2 expression (≥75% of tumor cells demonstrating moderate-to-strong membranous staining by central IHC testing). Patients received zolbetuximab 800 mg/m 2 IV on Cycle 1 Day 3 then 600 mg/m 2 Q3W. Zolbetuximab and mFOLFOX (Q2W from Cycle 1 Day 1) were administered in 42-day cycles. Key endpoints were safety/tolerability and objective response rate by independent central review (ORR ICR RECIST v1.1). Results: As of Jan 26, 2021, Cohort 2 had enrolled 21 pts; median age was 63 years (range, 36-74), 57% were male, 43% were Asian, and 38% were white. Of 19 evaluable pts, 12 had confirmed partial responses; ORR ICR was 63.2% (95% CI: 38.4-83.7) (Table). Median PFS was 13.7 months (95% CI: 7.4-not estimable); 12-month PFS rate was 58%. Common adverse events (AEs) were nausea (90.5%; grade 3, 4.8%) and vomiting (61.9%; grade 3, 9.5%). Common grade 3/4 AEs were decreased neutrophil count (33.3%) and neutropenia (28.6%). There were no fatal AEs. Conclusions: Results suggest promising antitumor activity with zolbetuximab+mFOLFOX6 in metastatic or locally advanced G/GEJ. The safety profile was manageable and no new safety signals were identified. Clinical trial information: NCT03505320. [Table: see text]
Disparities in comprehensive genomic profiling in older patients with gastrointestinal malignancies.
Authors: Rawad Elias, Zheng Kuang, Jo-Ellen Murphy, Peter Paul Yu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

646 Background: Limited data guides the management of older adults with cancer, a patient population that continues to be under-represented in clinical trials. Comprehensive Genomic Profiling (CGP) drives the enrollment on biomarker-based trials and may inform treatment selection. This analysis aims to evaluate the use of CGP in older patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies and to compare results of genomic profiling across age groups. Methods: Clinical CGP results derived from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of tumor tissue (n=92802) were reviewed for patients with GI malignancies. Genomic alterations (GAs) and complex signatures were identified, based on hybridization-captured, adapter ligation-based sequencing. Association between age group (&lt; 65: n=51652; 65-74: n=28972; 75+: n=12178) and biomarkers of interests was evaluated using Chi-square test, adjusting for multiple testing using Bonferroni correction. Delay-adjusted incidence rates in populations included in the study were acquired from SEER Databases. Results: The majority of patients in the CGP cohort were &lt;65 yrs (55.7%). Patients aged 75 and above were underrepresented as compared to the SEER database incidence rates (15.2% vs. 31.6%, p &lt;0.0005). Overall, the incidence of known or likely pathogenic GAs was similar across all age groups (&gt;99%). An analysis of specific GAs among all the GI cancers analyzed showed an age-associated increase of high tumor mutational burden (≥10 mut/Mb) (TMB-H) (5.6% vs 6.6% vs 10.7% for respective age groups, p&lt;0.0005). The overall incidence of mismatch repair deficiency or microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI) (3.6% vs 4.0% vs 7.5%, p&lt;0.0005) and DNA damage repair mutations (DDR mut) (13.2% vs 13.9% vs 16.4%, p&lt;0.0005) also increased with age. The magnitude of the CGP findings varied by GI cancer type, as summarized for select significant findings (p &lt;0.0005) in Table. Detailed results for each GI subtype and relevant biomarkers will be presented. Conclusions: This large scale analysis of CGP done for patients with GI cancers showed that genomic profiling is under utilized in older adults who constitute the majority of patients with GI malignancies. These findings may improve access to clinical trials and guide the development of older adult-specific studies.[Table: see text]
Nal-IRI+5-FU/LV vs 5-FU/LV in metastatic pancreatic cancer: Additional safety report of randomized Japanese phase 2 trial.
Authors: Takuji Okusaka, Masafumi Ikeda, Tatsuya Ioka, Makoto Ueno, Zhaoyang Teng, Momoko Furuya, Junji Furuse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

549 Background: Based on a phase II study conducted in Japanese metastatic pancreatic cancer (NCT02697058) and a global phase III study, nal-IRI obtained market authorization in March 2020 in Japan for "Unresectable pancreatic cancer after disease progression following cancer chemotherapy". After one year of practice, physicians have a sense that some of the safety profile of nal-IRI to be slightly different from conventional irinotecan. The purpose of this report is to explore additional points of the nal-IRI safety in the Japanese study. Methods: This analysis with the safety population of nal-IRI+5-FU/ l-LV group was done for the incidence, time to first onset (TTO), and time to resolution (TTR) for the events associated with 12 identified risks in the Risk Management Plan (RMP)(Table) and other selected GI toxicities. Prophylaxis used were also analyzed. Results: Myelosuppression (82.6%), diarrhoea (58.7%) and hepatic dysfunction (41.3%) were commonly reported of the 12 identified risks. The median (m) TTO of these TEAEs was 16 days (range: 6, 73), 9 days (1, 61), and 22days (2,325) respectively. As for the mTTR, it was 8.0 days (95% CI: 8.00, 9.00), 4.0 days (4.00, 8.00), and 40.0 days (9.00, -) respectively. For the myelosuppression, there were 4 patients who received G-CSF for the treatment of ≥ grade 3 myelosuppression. The 8 patients who experienced diarrhoea leading to dose reduction had no recurrence of ≥grade3 diarrhoea after intervention. For other GI toxicities, anorexia occurred in 28/46 patients (60.9%) with mTTO 4.0 days (range: 2, 132) and mTTR 12.0 days (95% CI: 6.00, 26.00). Summary of TTO for the events associated with identified risks in the RMP. * Intestinal obstruction, enteritis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, interstitial lung disease, ventricular extrasystoles are also included in the RMP but not observed. Discussion: This is the first report of nal-IRI safety profile details such as timing in Japanese patients. It is interesting to note that some TEAEs appear different in practice regarding TTR in comparison with conventional irinotecan. This difference can be due to the unique PK profile of nal-IRI as a result of utilizing liposomal technology but needs to be further elucidated. Conclusions: Although the TEAEs occurred with nal-IRI+5-FU/ l-LV were controllable with proper management in Japanese patients, some with prolonged toxicities should be carefully managed. Clinical trial information: NCT02697058. [Table: see text]
Assessment of Administration and Receipt of COVID-19 Vaccines by Race and Ethnicity in US Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Megan B. Cole, Julia R. Raifman, Sabrina A. Assoumou, June-Ho Kim
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This cohort study investigates the dispensation of the COVID-19 vaccination at federally qualified health centers in the US and whether the vaccine has been distributed equitably to people of different races and ethnicities.
THE APPLICATION OF THE GRAPHIC METHOD TO DIAGNOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Few, but Efficient: The Role of Mast Cells in Breast Cancer and Other Solid Tumors
Authors: Maria Teresa Majorini, Mario Paolo Colombo, Daniele Lecis
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Tumor outcome is determined not only by cancer cell–intrinsic features but also by the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment. There is great interest in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, yet mast cells have been less studied. Recent work has highlighted the impact of mast cells on the features and aggressiveness of cancer cells, but the eventual effect of mast cell infiltration is still controversial. Here, we review multifaceted findings regarding the role of mast cells in cancer, with a particular focus on breast cancer, which is further complicated because of its classification into subtypes characterized by different biological features, outcome, and therapeutic strategies.
The role of serotonin within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of Alzheimer’s disease: A narrative review
Authors: Emma Aaldijk, Yannick Vermeiren
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2022)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for more than 50 million patients worldwide. Current evidence suggests the exact mechanism behind this devastating disease to be of multifactorial origin, which seriously complicates the quest for an effective disease-modifying therapy, as well as impedes the search for strategic preventative measures. Of interest, preclinical studies point to serotonergic alterations, either induced via selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin receptor (ant)agonists, in mitigating AD brain neuropathology next to its clinical symptoms, the latter being supported by a handful of human intervention trials. Additionally, a substantial amount of preclinical trials highlight the potential of diet, fecal microbiota transplantations, as well as pre- and probiotics in modulating the brain’s serotonergic neurotransmitter system, starting from the gut. Whether such interventions could truly prevent, reverse or slow down AD progression likewise, should be initially tested in preclinical studies with AD mouse models, including sufficient analytical measurements both in gut and brain. Thereafter, its potential therapeutic effect could be confirmed in rigorously randomized controlled trials in humans, preferentially across the Alzheimer’s continuum, but especially from the prodromal up to the mild stages, where both high adherence to such therapies, as well as sufficient room for noticeable enhancement are feasible still. In the end, such studies might aid in the development of a comprehensive approach to tackle this complex multifactorial disease, since serotonin and its derivatives across the microbiota-gut-brain axis might serve as possible biomarkers of disease progression, next to forming a valuable target in AD drug development. In this narrative review, the available evidence concerning the orchestrating role of serotonin within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the development of AD is summarized and discussed, and general considerations for future studies are highlighted.
All-small-molecule supramolecular hydrogels assembled from guanosine 5′-monophosphate disodium salt and tobramycin for the treatment of bacterial keratitis
Authors: Xuejing Cheng, Huiyu Chen, Fang Yang, Jiaxu Hong, Yiyun Cheng, Jingjing Hu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Bacterial keratitis is the most common corneal infection which may lead to blindness, and seriously threatened the human visual health worldwide. Clinical treatment with antibiotic eye drops formulation usually falls in low bioavailability and poor therapeutic efficiency. Hydrogel has gained much attention as ophthalmic formulation recently due to the prolonged drug retention on ocular surface. In this study, we proposed a type of all-small-molecule supramolecular hydrogel assembled from guanosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt and tobramycin for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Guanosine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt assembled into guanosine-quartet nanofibers via hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking, and tobramycin with five primary amine groups further crosslinked the nanofibers bearing multiple phosphate moieties into gel networks via ionic interactions. The supramolecular gel showed shear thinning and thixotropic properties, good biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. The gel treatment significantly ameliorated P. aeruginosa induced bacterial keratitis, and showed higher therapeutic efficacy compared to tobramycin eye drop. This study provides a facile and efficient antibiotic gel formulation for clinical treatment of bacterial keratitis.
Increased 68Ga-FAPI Uptake in Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head in a Patient With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Huipan Liu, Wenhui Fu, Xiao Yang, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 73-year-old man with newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma included in a clinical trial of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT study in tumors (ChiCTR2100044131). Increased tracer uptake was noted in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and cervical lymph nodes metastases. In addition, avascular necrosis of right femoral head also revealed increased FAPI activity.
A Phase Ib/IIa Trial of the Combination of Romidepsin, Lenalidomide and Carfilzomib in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Lymphoma Shows Complete Responses in Relapsed and Refractory B- and T-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Neha Mehta-Shah, Alison J. Moskowitz, Matthew A. Lunning, Peggy Lynch, Mark Scheuerman, Veenna Minnal, Natasha Galasso, Anita Kumar, John Gerecitano, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Paul A. Hamlin, Ariela Noy, Matthew J. Matasar, Maria Lia Palomba, Anas Younes, Wendy Schaffer, Ravinder Grewal, Jurgen Rademaker, Craig S. Sauter, Parastoo B. Dahi, Patricia Myskowski, Meenal Kheterpal, Ahmet Dogan, Melissa Pulitzer, Lakeisha Lubin, Laura Tang, Nivetha Ganesan, Ai Ni, Steven M. Horwitz
Journal: Blood (2017)