tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in pregnancy: A guide for the consulting hematologist
Authors: Juliana Perez Botero, Jessica A. Reese, James N. George, Jennifer J. McIntosh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2021)

A hematologist receives a call from a maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) physician about a previously healthy patient who became ill at 25 weeks' gestation. Her mental status is deteriorating. There are signs of fetal distress. Platelet count and hemoglobin are falling. The MFM physician is considering the hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. For the hematologist, everything seems unfamiliar. Our goal is to provide hematologists with the fundamental knowledge required for understanding and managing these patients who become suddenly and seriously ill during pregnancy and in whom thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia are part of their presentation.
An Abscess Is Not a Descriptive Term but an Entity With a Universally Accepted Definition—A Clarification on Semantics—Reply
Authors: John W. Frew, Afsaneh Alavi, Joslyn S. Kirby
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Easy-Prime: a machine learning–based prime editor design tool
Authors: Yichao Li, Jingjing Chen, Shengdar Q. Tsai, Yong Cheng
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Prime editing is a revolutionary genome-editing technology that can make a wide range of precise edits in DNA. However, designing highly efficient prime editors (PEs) remains challenging. We develop Easy-Prime, a machine learning-based program trained with multiple published data sources. Easy-Prime captures both known and novel features, such as RNA folding structure, and optimizes feature combinations to improve editing efficiency. We provide optimized PE design for installation of 89.5% of 152,351 GWAS variants. Easy-Prime is available both as a command line tool and an interactive PE design server at: http://easy-prime.cc/ .
27043 Achieving and maintaining long-term optimal improvements in patient-reported symptoms, signs, and quality of life among patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis treated with guselkumab: 5-year data from VOYAGE 1
Authors: Christopher E.M. Griffiths, Andrew Blauvelt, Chenglong Han, Pablo Fernandez-Penas, David N. Adam, Sandra Philipp, Michael Song, Megan Miller, Yin You, Richard G. Langley
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Automated eloquent cortex localization in brain tumor patients using multi-task graph neural networks
Authors: Naresh Nandakumar, Komal Manzoor, Shruti Agarwal, Jay J Pillai, Sachin K Gujar, Haris I Sair, Archana Venkataraman
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2021)

Localizing the eloquent cortex is a crucial part of presurgical planning. While invasive mapping is the gold standard, there is increasing interest in using noninvasive fMRI to shorten and improve the process. However, many surgical patients cannot adequately perform task-based fMRI protocols. Resting-state fMRI has emerged as an alternative modality, but automated eloquent cortex localization remains an open challenge. In this paper, we develop a novel deep learning architecture to simultaneously identify language and primary motor cortex from rs-fMRI connectivity. Our approach uses the representational power of convolutional neural networks alongside the generalization power of multi-task learning to find a shared representation between the eloquent subnetworks. We validate our method on data from the publicly available Human Connectome Project and on a brain tumor dataset acquired at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. We compare our method against feature-based machine learning approaches and a fully-connected deep learning model that does not account for the shared network organization of the data. Our model achieves significantly better performance than competing baselines. We also assess the generalizability and robustness of our method. Our results clearly demonstrate the advantages of our graph convolution architecture combined with multi-task learning and highlight the promise of using rs-fMRI as a presurgical mapping tool.
Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, January 2019–June 2021
Authors: John Paul Bigouette, Amanda L. Wilkinson, Graham Tallis, Cara C. Burns, Steven G. F. Wassilak, John F. Vertefeuille
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

In 1988, when the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) began, polio paralyzed >350,000 children across 125 countries. Today, only one of three wild poliovirus serotypes, type 1 (WPV1), remains in circulation in only two countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan. This report summarizes progress toward global polio eradication during January 1, 2019-June 30, 2021 and updates previous reports (1,2). In 2020, 140 cases of WPV1 were reported, including 56 in Afghanistan (a 93% increase from 29 cases in 2019) and 84 in Pakistan (a 43% decrease from 147 cases in 2019). As GPEI focuses on the last endemic WPV reservoirs, poliomyelitis outbreaks caused by circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) have emerged as a result of attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) virus regaining neurovirulence after prolonged circulation in underimmunized populations (3). In 2020, 32 countries reported cVDPV outbreaks (four type 1 [cVDPV1], 26 type 2 [cVDPV2] and two with outbreaks of both); 13 of these countries reported new outbreaks. The updated GPEI Polio Eradication Strategy 2022-2026 (4) includes expanded use of the type 2 novel oral poliovirus vaccine (nOPV2) to avoid new emergences of cVDPV2 during outbreak responses (3). The new strategy deploys other tactics, such as increased national accountability, and focused investments for overcoming the remaining barriers to eradication, including program disruptions and setbacks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in Surgery Literature
Authors: Richard C. Maduka, Michael Broderick, Erin M. White, Dena Ballouz, Harminder Sandhu, Gifty Kwakye, Herbert Chen, Gurjit Sandhu
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

The reporting of race provides transparency to the representativeness of data and helps inform health care disparities. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) developed recommendations to promote quality reporting of race; however, the frequency of reporting continues to be low among most medical journals.
Constrictive and Hypertrophic Strictures in Ileal Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Qingqing Liu, Xiaofei Zhang, Huaibin Mabel Ko, Daniel Stocker, Jordan Ellman, Joyce Chen, Yansheng Hao, Swati Bhardwaj, Yuanxin Liang, Judy Cho, Jean Frederic Colombel, Bachir Taouli, Noam Harpaz
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
スペクトリン・アクチン結合ドメイン内における熱帯熱マラリア原虫由来のシステインプロテアーゼであるファルシパイン2による赤血球タンパク質4.1の開裂
Authors: Dua M, Takakuwa Y, Chishti Ah, Hanspal M
Journal: Blood (2001)
Abstract 16896: A Gain-of-Function Mutation in the Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinase Protein SAP97 is Associated with Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Cherisse A Marcou, Dan Ye, David J Tester, Silvia Castelletti, Margherita Torchio, Federica Dagradi, Lia Crotti, Peter J Schwartz, Michael J Ackerman
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a potentially lethal heritable arrhythmia syndrome for which mutations have been identified in 12 BrS-susceptibility genes that account for only 20-30% of th...
27804 A cross-sectional study on the association between COVID-19 infection and hospitalization in patients with alopecia areata
Authors: Niki Nourmohammadi, Fiore Casale, Katerina Yale, Alessandro Ghigi, Kai Zheng, Natasha Mesinkovska
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)

As levels of COVID-19 rise, studies assessing increased psychological stress and their impact on common "stress-sensitive" skin conditions, including alopecia areata (AA), have been reported. We aim to compare the rates of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among AA patients to the COVID-19-tested population in the University of California COVID Research Data Set (UC CORDS); a centralized, HIPAA Limited Data Set providing access to health records for patients receiving COVID-19 testing across five UC medical institutions (n = 199,361). Clinical data associated with patients diagnosed with patchy AA, alopecia totalis (AT), and alopecia universalis (AU) who received COVID-19 testing were collected. The overall UC CORDS COVID-19 positive test rate was 3.9% (n = 7835, 49% men, avg age 42). Only 552 patients were identified with a diagnosis of AA/AT/AU, of which 3.6% (n = 20, 45% men, avg age 36) were COVID-19 positive. This was not significantly different from the overall database (P = .7102). The COVID-19 positive rate for AA/AT/AU patients hospitalized within 4 weeks of COVID diagnosis was 2.9% (n = 2, 50% men, avg age 40) which was also not significantly different from the UC CORDS hospitalization rate of 4.4% (n = 1748, 58% men, avg age 56) (P = .5512). Data on patient medical history or medications was not collected due to de-identified nature of the database. Our results indicate reasonable evidence of no increased risk of COVID-19 infection, irrespective of hospitalization rates, among patients with AA/AT/AU. Future studies with more expansive databases will help assess this relationship further, or effects of any medication.
New Grants to Treat Childhood Trauma
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
25984 Gastrointestinal adverse events related to study drug and leading to discontinuation through 5 years of tildrakizumab exposure in 2 phase 3 clinical trials
Authors: Jennifer Conner, Boni E. Elewski, Amy Baum-Jones, Alan M. Mendelsohn, Stephen J. Rozzo, Melinda Gooderham
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Peripheral blood features of iron overload in post‐splenectomy, type I congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
Authors: Daniel Dexter, D. Mark Layton, Kripesh Kiritkumar, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2021)

A 41-year-old man known to have congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I was under regular hematologic follow-up. He had been diagnosed in 1994, at the age of 18, after moving from the Lebanon to the United Kingdom and had been shown to be homozygous for the CDAN1 mutation (c.3124 C>T p.Arg1042Trp). A second degree relative was similarly affected. Initial treatment had been with interferon alpha for 1 year but thereafter anemia was progressive and in 2002 splenectomy was required. This led to an initial improvement in the hemoglobin, sustained above 100 g/L till 2008, but falling to 93–95 g/L thereafter. A liver biopsy in 2000 revealed hepatic siderosis with mild portal tract fibrosis. Subsequently, despite iron chelation therapy, he developed type II diabetes mellitus. The top and bottom left images show the patient's blood film in 2021 at which time his blood count was: WBC 14.8 × 109/L, Hb 76 g/L, MCV 104 fl, MCH 33.1 pg, MCHC 332 g/L, and platelet count 518 × 109/L. Abnormalities present include macrocytes, Howell-Jolly bodies, target cells, acanthocytes, schistocytes, basophilic stippling and unusually prominent Pappenheimer bodies. For comparison, the bottom right image shows an archival pre-splenectomy film (all images ×100 objective). The post-splenectomy images show the combined effects of the underlying disease, the splenectomy and iron overload. The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Use of Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, and Dexamethasone Among Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Hemalkumar B. Mehta, Huijun An, Kathleen M. Andersen, Omar Mansour, Vithal Madhira, Emaan S. Rashidi, Benjamin Bates, Soko Setoguchi, Corey Joseph, Paul T. Kocis, Richard Moffitt, Tellen D. Bennett, Christopher G. Chute, Brian T. Garibaldi, G. Caleb Alexander
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Relatively little is known about the use patterns of potential pharmacologic treatments of COVID-19 in the United States.To use the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), a large, multicenter, longitudinal cohort, to characterize the use of hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and dexamethasone, overall as well as across individuals, health systems, and time.Retrospective cohort study.43 health systems in the United States.137 870 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 between 1 February 2020 and 28 February 2021.Inpatient use of hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, or dexamethasone.Among 137 870 persons hospitalized with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, 8754 (6.3%) received hydroxychloroquine, 29 272 (21.2%) remdesivir, and 53 909 (39.1%) dexamethasone during the study period. Since the release of results from the RECOVERY (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy) trial in mid-June, approximately 78% to 84% of people who have had invasive mechanical ventilation have received dexamethasone or other glucocorticoids. The use of hydroxychloroquine increased during March 2020, peaking at 42%, and started declining by April 2020. By contrast, remdesivir and dexamethasone use gradually increased over the study period. Dexamethasone and remdesivir use varied substantially across health centers (intraclass correlation coefficient, 14.2% for dexamethasone and 84.6% for remdesivir).Because most N3C data contributors are academic medical centers, findings may not reflect the experience of community hospitals.Dexamethasone, an evidence-based treatment of COVID-19, may be underused among persons who are mechanically ventilated. The use of remdesivir and dexamethasone varied across health systems, suggesting variation in patient case mix, drug access, treatment protocols, and quality of care.National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; and National Institute on Aging.
Nomogram to predict the outcomes of patients with microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Filippo Pietrantonio, Sara Lonardi, Francesca Corti, Gabriele Infante, Maria Elena Elez, Marwan Fakih, Priya Jayachandran, Aakash Tushar Shah, Massimiliano Salati, Elisabetta Fenocchio, Lisa Salvatore, Giuseppe Curigliano, Chiara Cremolini, Margherita Ambrosini, Javier Ros, Rossana Intini, Floriana Nappo, Silvia Damian, Federica Morano, Giovanni Fucà, Michael Overman, Rosalba Miceli
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with microsatellite instability (MSI)-high metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is unprecedented. A relevant proportion of subjects achieving durable disease control may be considered potentially ‘cured’, as opposed to patients experiencing primary ICI refractoriness or short-term clinical benefit. We developed and externally validated a nomogram to estimate the progression-free survival (PFS) and the time-independent event-free probability (EFP) in patients with MSI-high mCRC receiving ICIs. Methods The PFS and EFP were estimated using a cure model fitted on a developing set of 163 patients and validated on a set of 146 patients with MSI-high mCRC receiving anti-programmed death (ligand)1 (PD-(L)1) ± anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) agents. A total of 23 putative prognostic factors were chosen and then selected using a random survival forest (RSF). The model performance in estimating PFS probability was evaluated by assessing calibration (internally—developing set and externally—validating set) and quantifying the discriminative ability (Harrell C index). Results RFS selected five variables: ICI type (anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy vs anti-CTLA-4 combo), ECOG PS (0 vs &gt;0), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (≤3 vs &gt;3), platelet count, and prior treatment lines. As both in the developing and validation series most PFS events occurred within 12 months, this was chosen as cut-point for PFS prediction. The combination of the selected variables allowed estimation of the 12-month PFS (focused on patients with low chance of being cured) and the EFP (focused on patients likely to be event-free at a certain point of their follow-up). ICI type was significantly associated with disease control, as patients receiving the anti-CTLA-4-combination experienced the best outcomes. The calibration of PFS predictions was good both in the developing and validating sets. The median value of the EFP (46%) allowed segregation of two prognostic groups in both the developing (PFS HR=3.73, 95% CI 2.25 to 6.18; p&lt;0.0001) and validating (PFS HR=1.86, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.23; p=0.0269) sets. Conclusions A nomogram based on five easily assessable variables including ICI treatment was built to estimate the outcomes of patients with MSI-high mCRC, with the potential to assist clinicians in their clinical practice. The web-based system ‘MSI mCRC Cure’ was released.
Maternal obesity, pregnancy weight gain, and birth weight and risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Caitlin C Murphy, Piera M Cirillo, Nickilou Y Krigbaum, Amit G Singal, MinJae Lee, Timothy Zaki, Ezra Burstein, Barbara A Cohn
Journal: Gut (2021)

Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Obesity is a well-established risk factor for CRC, and fetal or developmental origins of obesity may underlie its effect on cancer in adulthood. We examined associations of maternal obesity, pregnancy weight gain, and birth weight and CRC in adult offspring. Design The Child Health and Development Studies is a prospective cohort of women receiving prenatal care between 1959 and 1966 in Oakland, California (N=18 751 live births among 14 507 mothers). Clinical information was abstracted from mothers’ medical records 6 months prior to pregnancy through delivery. Diagnoses of CRC in adult (age ≥18 years) offspring were ascertained through 2019 by linkage with the California Cancer Registry. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted HR (aHR); we examined effect measure modification using single-referent models to estimate the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Results 68 offspring were diagnosed with CRC over 738 048 person-years of follow-up, and half (48.5%) were diagnosed younger than age 50 years. Maternal obesity (≥30 kg/m 2 ) increased the risk of CRC in offspring (aHR 2.51, 95% CI 1.05 to 6.02). Total weight gain modified the association of rate of early weight gain (RERI −4.37, 95% CI −9.49 to 0.76), suggesting discordant growth from early to late pregnancy increases risk. There was an elevated association with birth weight (≥4000 g: aHR 1.95, 95% CI 0.8 to 4.38). Conclusion Our results suggest that in utero events are important risk factors for CRC and may contribute to increasing incidence rates in younger adults.
Optimizing Second-Line Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Work in Progress
Authors: Nancy L. Bartlett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.