tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Opportune Time for Newborn Screening in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Stephen M. Chrzanowski, Meghan M. McAnally, Peter B. Kang
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

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David Oliver: Has the term “front line” had its day?
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The March issue of the London Royal College of Physicians' Commentary included an excellent essay by Derek Macallan, an infectious diseases specialist, arguing that it was time to stop using the term "front line" in a medical context.The piece finished by asking what, if anything, could replace it. 1 Macallan made his case in the context of the pandemic medicine many of us have practised for a year or so.He was concerned that battle metaphors mis-described our roles in caring professions, that they gave an inadvertent message that self-sacrifice and acceptance of personal risk were part of our professional identity, and that being "on the front line" of a "battle" could be used to legitimise an unacceptable drop in standards of conduct, care, or communication.
COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among Adults — United States, December 14, 2020–May 22, 2021
Authors: Jill Diesel, Natalie Sterrett, Sharoda Dasgupta, Jennifer L. Kriss, Vaughn Barry, Kayla Vanden Esschert, Ari Whiteman, Betsy L. Cadwell, Daniel Weller, Judith R. Qualters, LaTreace Harris, Achal Bhatt, Charnetta Williams, LeAnne M. Fox, Dana Meaney Delman, Carla L. Black, Kamil E. Barbour
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

The U.S. COVID-19 vaccination program launched on December 14, 2020. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination for specific groups of the U.S. population who were at highest risk for COVID-19 hospitalization and death, including adults aged ≥75 years*; implementation varied by state, and eligibility was gradually expanded to persons aged ≥65 years beginning in January 2021. By April 19, 2021, eligibility was expanded to all adults aged ≥18 years nationwide.† To assess patterns of COVID-19 vaccination coverage among U.S. adults, CDC analyzed data submitted on vaccinations administered during December 14, 2020-May 22, 2021, by age, sex, and community-level characteristics. By May 22, 2021, 57.0% of persons aged ≥18 years had received ≥1 COVID-19 vaccine dose; coverage was highest among persons aged ≥65 years (80.0%) and lowest among persons aged 18-29 years (38.3%). During the week beginning February 7, 2021, vaccination initiation among adults aged ≥65 years peaked at 8.2%, whereas weekly initiation among other age groups peaked later and at lower levels. During April 19-May 22, 2021, the period following expanded eligibility to all adults, weekly initiation remained <4.0% and decreased for all age groups, including persons aged 18-29 years (3.6% to 1.9%) and 30-49 years (3.5% to 1.7%); based on the current rate of weekly initiation (as of May 22), younger persons will not reach the same levels of coverage as older persons by the end of August. Across all age groups, coverage (≥1 dose) was lower among men compared with women, except among adults aged ≥65 years, and lower among persons living in counties that were less urban, had higher social vulnerabilities, or had higher percentages of social determinants of poor health. Continued efforts to improve vaccination confidence and alleviate barriers to vaccination initiation, especially among adults aged 18-49 years, could improve vaccination coverage.
Author response to Colle et al
Authors: Giovanni Fucà, Francesca Corti, Filippo Pietrantonio
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

The event of pseudoprogression is rare in patients with MSI-high metastatic colorectal cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this response to the Letter to the Editor by Colle et al , we highlight that the timing of disease re-assessment may influence the incidence of pseudoprogression, with early assessments being associated with higher incidence. Such dynamics should be considered when interpreting the efficacy of treatment.
Subclonal Evolution Characterizes MDS Disease Progression Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Meagan Jacoby, Eric J. Duncavage, Gue Su Chang, Christopher A Miller, Jin Shao, Kevin Elliot, Joshua Robinson, Robert S Fulton, Catrina Fronick, Michelle O'Laughlin, Daniel C. Link, John F DiPersio, Peter Westervelt, Timothy James J Ley, Timothy Aaron Graubert, Matthew J. Walter
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 32: Intravenous Mobilized Autologous Peripheral Blood CD34+ Stem Cell Transplantation for Angina
Authors: Hadyanto Lim, Lindarto Dharma, Zein Umar, Hariaji Ilham
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Background: Intramyocardial CD34+ stem cell therapy for patients with refractory angina shows that this is safe and feasible. We aimed to determine whether intravenous transplantation of mobilized autologous peripheral blood CD34+ stem cells provides beneficial effects for patients with angina pectoris. Methods: We administered granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF, 5.0 μg/kg/day) subcutaneously once a day for 4 days to 15 patients (4 women and 11 men aged 50-78 years) with intractable angina pectoris (Canadian Cardiovascular Society functional class III-IV) for mobilization of CD34+ cells into the peripheral blood. Ischemia was assessed by exercise stress testing. Leukapheresis procedure was started on the day 4 of G-CSF using the Spectra Optia cell separator. Circulating and intravenous transplantation of autologous CD34+ cells after leukapheresis were measured by flow cytometry. The effects of G-CSF on blood were measured by hematology analyzer and semi-auto chemistry analyzer. Results: Intravenous peripheral blood CD34+ cells increased after leukapheresis (from 1.12±0.48 cells/μL to 107.42±23.83 cells/μL, p&lt;0.001) and total white blood cells count (from 7.82 ± 2.63x10 3 /μl to 37.47±15.07 x10 3 /μl, p&lt;0.001). Indices of hsCRP, platelets, hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase, and uric acid were not changed by treatment. At week 4, angina frequency was significantly lower after intravenous CD34+ cells (from 15.07±4.03 to 3.27±1.49, p&lt;0.001). Similarly, improvement in exercise tolerance was significantly higher by stem cell transplantation (from 5.90±2.53 minutes to 8.41±2.49 minutes, p&lt;0.001). Most patients reported mild myalgia which were easily managed with acetaminophen. Conclusions: Intravenous autologous CD34+ stem cell transplantation improved angina frequency and exercise tolerance. The cell mobilization and leukapheresis procedures were found safe and tolerable in patients with angina pectoris.
COVID-19 Surveillance and Investigations in Workplaces — Seattle &amp; King County, Washington, June 15–November 15, 2020
Authors: Jesse Bonwitt, Ruth W. Deya, Dustin W. Currie, Beth Lipton, Melinda Huntington-Frazier, Sara Jaye Sanford, Aley Joseph Pallickaparambil, Julia Hood, Agam K. Rao, Kaitlin Kelly-Reif, Sara E. Luckhaupt, Sargis Pogosjans, Scott Lindquist, Jeff Duchin, Vance Kawakami, Rosheen Birdie, Siri Bliesner, Erika Bro, Thu Bui, Joan DaCruz, Maryellen Elcock, Joanie Lambert, Ming Leung, Angelo Marfa, Temet Mcmichael, Laura Mummert, Aaron Pomerantz, Nicola Sifrit, Renee Sutton, Christine Thomforde, Christian VonJoe, Jennifer Look, Holly Whitney
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Workplace activities involving close contact with coworkers and customers can lead to transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1,2). Information on the approach to and effectiveness of COVID-19 workplace investigations is limited. In May 2020, Public Health - Seattle & King County (PHSKC), King County, Washington established a COVID-19 workplace surveillance and response system to enhance COVID-19 contact tracing and identify outbreaks in workplaces. During June 15-November 15, 2020, a total of 2,881 workplaces in King County reported at least one case of COVID-19. Among 1,305 (45.3%) investigated workplaces,* 524 (40.3%) met the definition of a workplace outbreak.† Among 306 (58.4%) workplaces with complete data,§ an average of 4.4 employee COVID-19 cases¶ (median = three; range = 1-65) were identified per outbreak, with an average attack rate among employees of 17.5%. PHSKC and the Washington State Department of Health optimized resources by establishing a classification scheme to prioritize workplace investigations as high, medium, or low priority based on workplace features observed to be associated with increased COVID-19 spread and workforce features associated with severe disease outcomes. High-priority investigations were significantly more likely than medium- and low-priority investigations to have two or more cases among employees (p<0.001), two or more cases not previously linked to the workplace (p<0.001), or two or more exposed workplace contacts not previously identified during case interviews (p = 0.002). Prioritization of workplace investigations allowed for the allocation of limited resources to effectively conduct workplace investigations to limit the potential workplace spread of COVID-19. Workplace investigations can also serve as an opportunity to provide guidance on preventing workplace exposures to SARS-CoV-2, facilitate access to vaccines, and strengthen collaborations between public health and businesses.
How can I manage compassion fatigue?
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

How can I manage compassion fatigue?Most doctors will develop some form of compassion fatigue during their career.Abi Rimmer hears from experts on how to deal with it Abi Rimmer Set boundaries between home and workShirley Remington, vice chair of the National Association of Clinical Tutors, says, "A good way to start to manage compassion fatigue is to be aware of how to recognise it and use simple routines that will lower the risk of developing it.
Blood RNA sequencing shows overlapping gene expression across COPD phenotype domains
Authors: Auyon J Ghosh, Aabida Saferali, Sool Lee, Robert Chase, Matthew Moll, Jarrett Morrow, Jeong Yun, Peter J Castaldi, Craig P Hersh
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Rationale COPD can be assessed using multidimensional grading systems with components from three domains: pulmonary function tests, symptoms and systemic features. Clinically, measures may be used interchangeably, though it is not known if they share similar pathobiology. Objective To use RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to determine if there is an overlap in the underlying biological mechanisms and consequences driving different components of the multidimensional grading systems. Methods Whole blood was collected for RNA-seq from current and former smokers in the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD study. We tested the overlap in gene expression and biological pathways associated with case–control status and quantitative COPD phenotypes within and between the three domains. Results In 2647 subjects, there were 3030 genes differentially expressed in any of the three domains or case–control status. There were five genes that overlapped between the three domains and case–control status, including G protein-coupled receptor 15 ( GPR15 ), sestrin 1 ( SESN1 ) and interferon-induced guanylate-binding protein 1 ( GBP1 ), which were associated with longitudinal decline in FEV 1 . The overlap between the three domains was enriched for pathways related to cellular components. Conclusions We identified gene sets and pathways that overlap between 12 COPD-related phenotypes and case–control status. There were no pathways represented in the overlap between the three domains and case–control status, but we identified multiple genes that demonstrated a consistent pattern of expression across several of the phenotypes. Patterns of gene expression correlation were generally similar to the correlation of clinical phenotypes in the PFT and symptom domains but not the systemic features.
Life History Recorded in the Vagino-Cervical Microbiome Along with Multi-Omes
Authors: Zhuye Jie, Chen Chen, Lilan Hao, Fei Li, Liju Song, Xiaowei Zhang, Jie Zhu, Liu Tian, Xin Tong, Kaiye Cai, Zhe Zhang, Yanmei Ju, Xinlei Yu, Ying Li, Hongcheng Zhou, Haorong Lu, Xuemei Qiu, Qiang Li, Yunli Liao, Dongsheng Zhou, Heng Lian, Yong Zuo, Xiaomin Chen, Weiqiao Rao, Yan Ren, Yuan Wang, Jin Zi, Rong Wang, Na Liu, Jinghua Wu, Wei Zhang, Xiao Liu, Yang Zong, Weibin Liu, Liang Xiao, Yong Hou, Xun Xu, Huanming Yang, Jian Wang, Karsten Kristiansen, Huijue Jia
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2021)

The vagina contains at least a billion microbial cells, dominated by lactobacilli. Here we perform metagenomic shotgun sequencing on cervical and fecal samples from a cohort of 516 Chinese women of reproductive age, as well as cervical, fecal, and salivary samples from a second cohort of 632 women. Factors such as pregnancyhistory, delivery history, cesarean section, and breastfeeding were all more important than menstrual cycle in shaping the microbiome, and such information would be necessary before trying to interpret differences between vagino-cervical microbiome data. Greater proportion of Bifidobacterium breve was seen with older age at sexual debut. The relative abundance of lactobacilli especially Lactobacillus crispatus was negatively associated with pregnancy history. Potential markers for lack of menstrual regularity, heavy flow, dysmenorrhea, and contraceptives were also identified. Lactobacilli were rare during breastfeeding or post-menopause. Other features such as mood fluctuations and facial speckles could potentially be predicted from the vagino-cervical microbiome. Gut and salivary microbiomes, plasma vitamins, metals, amino acids, and hormones showed associations with the vagino-cervical microbiome. Our results offer an unprecedented glimpse into the microbiota of the female reproductive tract and call for international collaborations to better understand its long-term health impact other than in the settings of infection or pre-term birth.
Abstract 250: Differential Role of Autophagy in Idiopathic versus Ischemic Heart Failure in Humans
Authors: Antoinette Bugyei-Twum, Krishna K Singh, Filio Billia, Kim A Connelly
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Background: Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved process that plays a key role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Despite its beneficial role, excessive/insufficient autophagic activity is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders, including ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure. However, the differential role of autophagy in idiopathic versus ischemic heart failure remains unknown. Methods: To investigate the role of autophagy and associated apoptosis in idiopathic versus ischemic heart failure, we obtained LV myocardium biopsies from healthy controls (via 3 commercial sources), and from 10 patients with idiopathic and ischemic end-stage heart failure before the insertion of a left ventricular assist devise. The expression of inducers/markers of autophagy (mTOR, phospho-mTOR, LC3-I/II, p62, Beclin-1, autophagy-related genes ATG4B/ATG5) and apoptosis (Bcl-2 and caspase-3) were assessed at the transcript and protein level using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results: Autophagy was activated in both idiopathic and ischemic heart failure in comparison to control, as confirmed by a significant reduction in mTOR expression/activation and a 3.4-fold and 2.2-fold increase in LC3 II/I ratio, respectively. An increase in apoptosis, marked by increased caspase3 and Bcl2 expression, was also observed in both groups in comparison to control. Interestingly, autophagy activity—marked by decreased mTOR expression/activation, increased ATG4B, ATG5, and Beclin-1—was significantly higher in idiopathic heart failure, when compared to ischemic heart failure. While we observed increased autophagic activity in idiopathic heart failure, p62 expression was also significantly increased in this group (2.8-fold increase; p&lt;0.05), demonstrating an impairment of autophagic flux in idiopathic versus ischemic heart failure. Conclusions: For the first time, we provide a direct comparision of autophagy and apoptosis in idiopathic versus ischemic heart failure. Our data, demonstrating an excessive yet insufficient autophagic activity in idiopathic heart failure, suggests a differential role of autophagy apoptosis in idiopathic versus ischemia-related heart failure.
Left Atrial Diameter as a Predictor of Progression from Paroxysmal to Sustained Atrial Fibrillation: From the Fushimi AF Registry
Authors: Ogawa Hisashi, Hamatani Yasuhiro, Iguchi Moritake, Abe Mitsuru, Esato Masahiro, Chun Yeong-Hwa, Tsuji Hikari, Wada Hiromichi, Hasegawa Koji, Akao Masaharu
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: From Mechanism to Therapy
Authors: Daniel A. Snellings, Courtney C. Hong, Aileen A. Ren, Miguel A. Lopez-Ramirez, Romuald Girard, Abhinav Srinath, Douglas A. Marchuk, Mark H. Ginsberg, Issam A. Awad, Mark L. Kahn
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

Cerebral cavernous malformations are acquired vascular anomalies that constitute a common cause of central nervous system hemorrhage and stroke. The past 2 decades have seen a remarkable increase in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this vascular disease. This new knowledge spans genetic causes of sporadic and familial forms of the disease, molecular signaling changes in vascular endothelial cells that underlie the disease, unexpectedly strong environmental effects on disease pathogenesis, and drivers of disease end points such as hemorrhage. These novel insights are the integrated product of human clinical studies, human genetic studies, studies in mouse and zebrafish genetic models, and basic molecular and cellular studies. This review addresses the genetic and molecular underpinnings of cerebral cavernous malformation disease, the mechanisms that lead to lesion hemorrhage, and emerging biomarkers and therapies for clinical treatment of cerebral cavernous malformation disease. It may also serve as an example for how focused basic and clinical investigation and emerging technologies can rapidly unravel a complex disease mechanism.
Fetal lung underdevelopment is rescued by administration of amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicles in rodents
Authors: Lina Antounians, Vincenzo D. Catania, Louise Montalva, Benjamin D. Liu, Huayun Hou, Cadia Chan, Andreea C. Matei, Areti Tzanetakis, Bo Li, Rebeca L. Figueira, Karina M. da Costa, Amy P. Wong, Robert Mitchell, Anna L. David, Ketan Patel, Paolo De Coppi, Lourenço Sbragia, Michael D. Wilson, Janet Rossant, Augusto Zani
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Administration of extracellular vesicles derived from amniotic fluid stem cells regenerates underdeveloped fetal lungs in rodents.
Prevalence and Financial Burden of Digestive Diseases in a Commercially Insured Population
Authors: Simon C. Mathews, Sergey Izmailyan, Frances A. Brito, Jose-Miguel Yamal, Osama Mikhail, Frances L. Revere
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)

Digestive diseases represent a diverse group of clinical conditions that impact the population. Their heterogeneity in classification, presentation, acuity, chronicity, and need for drug therapy presents a challenge when comparing and contrasting the burden associated with these conditions. Prior studies use an outdated classification system and aggregate costs at the population level or focus on specific diseases, limiting the ability to characterize the overall landscape. Our aim was to provide the most up-to-date assessment of cost, utilization, and prevalence associated with digestive diseases.We examined digestive disease claims and payment data for a commercially insured adult population between 2016 and 2018 to provide a comprehensive summary of costs, utilization, and prevalence across 38 conditions. Outcome variables included point prevalence and relative prevalence, annualized all-cause medical and drug costs, digestive disease-specific average medical cost, digestive disease-specific cost per fill, and utilization by clinical setting and by clinical condition.A total of 7,297,435 individuals with a digestive disease diagnosis were included in the study. The point prevalence of having a digestive disease in the total population was 24%. Annualized total costs by clinical category ranged from $10,038 (eosinophilic esophagitis) to $107,007 (hepatitis C), with medical costs accounting for most of the expenditures in a majority of conditions. Annualized total costs for common conditions included $39,653 for alcoholic liver disease, $42,554 for acute pancreatitis, $62,735 for Crohn's disease, $13,948 for functional gastrointestinal disorders, $53,214 for nonalcoholic cirrhosis, and $36,441 for ulcerative colitis. Average cost of inpatient stays ranged from $12,218 (noninfectious gastroenteritis/colitis) to $78,259 (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis). Outpatient visits ranged from $784 (gastrointestinal infection) to $4629 (gallbladder and biliary tract disease). Average drug cost per fill ranged from $83 (gastroesophageal reflux disease) to $1458 (hepatitis C). A total of 27,429,046 clinical encounters occurred across all conditions during the study period, with 90% taking place as outpatient visits. Abdominal pain was the single largest contributor to outpatient visits and emergency department to home encounters. Inpatient stays were considerably more heterogeneous, with no condition accounting for more than 12% (gallbladder and biliary tract disease) of the total.The results demonstrate digestive diseases are common, heterogeneous in cost and utilization, and collectively exact a significant financial burden on the U.S. adult population.
Population-Based Risk Factors for Ascending, Arch, Descending, and Abdominal Aortic Dilations for 60-74–Year-Old Individuals
Authors: Lasse M. Obel, Axel C. Diederichsen, Flemming H. Steffensen, Lars Frost, Jess Lambrechtsen, Martin Busk, Grazina Urbonaviciene, Kenneth Egstrup, Marek Karon, Lars M. Rasmussen, Oke Gerke, Anders S. Bovling, Jes S. Lindholt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Improving Outcomes in Elderly Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Patients in the Real World: A Personalized Treatment Approach Along with Expert Support Might Reduce Early Deaths
Authors: Vamsi Kota, Martha L. Arellano, Prachi Kharkhanis, Sheldon Bolds, Catherine R. Caprara, Kathryn Sarah Simon, Stephanie Debragga, Manila Gaddh, Leon Bernal-Mizrachi, Leonard Heffner, Elliott F. Winton, Morgan L. McLemore, Amelia Langston, Zaid Al-Kadhimi, Asad Bashey, Robert K. Stuart, Asim Pati, Jonathan M. Gerber, Michael Richard Grunwald, Kyle Bradley, Jose Tongol, Mohamed El-Geneidy, Amber Clemmons, Anand Jillella
Journal: Blood (2017)