tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Resuscitation Fluid Composition and Acute Kidney Injury in Critical Illness
Authors: Marlies Ostermann, Adrienne G. Randolph
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Acute kidney injury often complicates critical illness and is associated with high morbidity, with patients not infrequently receiving renal replacement therapy, and with increased mortality.1 Patients with acute kidney injury have an elevated risk of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and premature death, even when kidney function has recovered.2 Because acute kidney injury confers serious short- and long-term risks, therapy during the course of critical illness should avoid iatrogenic harm, including nephrotoxic effects.3 Fluid therapy to improve hemodynamic status and organ perfusion helps prevent acute kidney injury. Intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline) has been a standard resuscitation fluid for . . .
Efficacy and safety of gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist, in refractory chronic cough and unexplained chronic cough (COUGH-1 and COUGH-2): results from two double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials
Authors: Lorcan P McGarvey, Surinder S Birring, Alyn H Morice, Peter V Dicpinigaitis, Ian D Pavord, Jonathan Schelfhout, Allison Martin Nguyen, Qing Li, Anjela Tzontcheva, Beata Iskold, Stuart A Green, Carmen La Rosa, David R Muccino, Jaclyn A Smith
Journal: The Lancet (2022)
Correction: Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)α expression in T cells mediates gender differences in development of T cell–mediated autoimmunity
Authors: Shannon E. Dunn, Shalina S. Ousman, Raymond A. Sobel, Luis Zuniga, Sergio E. Baranzini, Sawsan Youssef, Andrea Crowell, John Loh, Jorge Oksenberg, Lawrence Steinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2018)
Osteoporosis and periodontal diseases – An update on their association and mechanistic links
Authors: Bo Yu, Cun‐Yu Wang
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)

Abstract Periodontitis and osteoporosis are prevalent inflammation‐associated skeletal disorders that pose significant public health challenges to our aging population. Both periodontitis and osteoporosis are bone disorders closely associated with inflammation and aging. There has been consistent intrigue on whether a systemic skeletal disease such as osteoporosis will amplify the alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. A survey of the literature published in the past 25 years indicates that systemic low bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with alveolar bone loss, while recent evidence also suggests a correlation between clinical attachment loss and other parameters of periodontitis. Inflammation and its influence on bone remodeling play critical roles in the pathogenesis of both osteoporosis and periodontitis and could serve as the central mechanistic link between these disorders. Enhanced cytokine production and elevated inflammatory response exacerbate osteoclastic bone resorption while inhibiting osteoblastic bone formation, resulting in a net bone loss. With aging, accumulation of oxidative stress and cellular senescence drive the progression of osteoporosis and exacerbation of periodontitis. Vitamin D deficiency and smoking are shared risk factors and may mediate the connection between osteoporosis and periodontitis, through increasing oxidative stress and impairing host response to inflammation. With the connection between systemic and localized bone loss in mind, routine dental exams and intraoral radiographs may serve as a low‐cost screening tool for low systemic BMD and increased fracture risk. Conversely, patients with fracture risk beyond the intervention threshold are at greater risk for developing severe periodontitis and undergo tooth loss. Various Food and Drug Administration‐approved therapies for osteoporosis have shown promising results for treating periodontitis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their connection sheds light on potential therapeutic strategies that may facilitate co‐management of systemic and localized bone loss.
Musical Expressions of the Hippocratic Oath
Authors: Zeno Schmid, Axel Karenberg
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Velpeau Bandage
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES
Authors: Douglas R. Drury, Peyton Rous
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

The influence of lymph-insoluble tissue materials upon the colors manifested by phthalein indicators has been tested by comparing the hue of sections of various organs, stained by immersion in colored lymph, with the hue of the surrounding fluid. The reaction has been brought to approximate that of life by a greater or less saturation of the material with carbon dioxide. No evidence has been obtained of indicator errors referable to the association of the phthaleins with tissue substances. The inferences to be derived from the experiments, and from others detailed in a preceding paper, are discussed. The results of them all are in essential agreement. They demonstrate that the observed hues in tissues vitally stained with phenol red, brom cresol purple, and chlor phenol red cannot be laid to indicator errors resulting from an association of the phthalein with tissue materials. The fact is of special note in connection with organs which exhibit, when stained, the colors indicative of an outspoken acidity. The findings constitute a control upon the influence of the tissue materials on the colors manifested by the phthalein indicators when used as vital stains; but they leave untouched the problem of the influence of tissue activities upon the coloration.
Modeling injury and repair in kidney organoids reveals that homologous recombination governs tubular intrinsic repair
Authors: Navin Gupta, Takuya Matsumoto, Ken Hiratsuka, Edgar Garcia Saiz, Chengcheng Zhang, Pierre Galichon, Tomoya Miyoshi, Koichiro Susa, Narihito Tatsumoto, Michifumi Yamashita, Ryuji Morizane
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Kidneys have the capacity for intrinsic repair, preserving kidney architecture with return to a basal state after tubular injury. When injury is overwhelming or repetitive, however, that capacity is exceeded and incomplete repair results in fibrotic tissue replacing normal kidney parenchyma. Loss of nephrons correlates with reduced kidney function, which defines chronic kidney disease (CKD) and confers substantial morbidity and mortality to the worldwide population. Despite the identification of pathways involved in intrinsic repair, limited treatments for CKD exist, partly because of the limited throughput and predictivity of animal studies. Here, we showed that kidney organoids can model the transition from intrinsic to incomplete repair. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing of kidney organoids after cisplatin exposure identified 159 differentially expressed genes and 29 signal pathways in tubular cells undergoing intrinsic repair. Homology-directed repair (HDR) genes including Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 ( FANCD2 ) and RAD51 recombinase ( RAD51 ) were transiently up-regulated during intrinsic repair but were down-regulated in incomplete repair. Single cellular transcriptomics in mouse models of obstructive and hemodynamic kidney injury and human kidney samples of immune-mediated injury validated HDR gene up-regulation during tubular repair. Kidney biopsy samples with tubular injury and varying degrees of fibrosis confirmed loss of FANCD2 during incomplete repair. Last, we performed targeted drug screening that identified the DNA ligase IV inhibitor, SCR7, as a therapeutic candidate that rescued FANCD2/RAD51-mediated repair to prevent the progression of CKD in the cisplatin-induced organoid injury model. Our findings demonstrate the translational utility of kidney organoids to identify pathologic pathways and potential therapies.
Sarcoid dactylitis.
Authors: P Pitt, E B Hamilton, E H Innes, K D Morley, B E Monk, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Dactylitis is a rare rheumatological complication of sarcoidosis. It may be accompanied by underlying bone changes, and management is often difficult. We report these 4 cases of dactylitis in which there have been significant bone changes and associated management problems. One case is further complicated by biopsy-proved sarcoid synovitis, uncommon in a British resident, and 2 cases show destructive bone changes, which have rarely been reported in sarcoidosis.
Mucus, commensals, and the immune system
Authors: Qing Zhao, Craig L. Maynard
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

The immune system in the large intestine is separated from commensal microbes and comparatively rare enteric pathogens by a monolayer of diverse epithelial cells overlaid with a compact and adherent inner mucus layer and a looser outer mucus layer. Microorganisms, collectively referred to as the mucus-associated (MA) microbiota, physically inhabit this mucus barrier, resulting in a dynamic and incessant dialog to maintain both spatial segregation and immune tolerance. Recent major findings reveal novel features of the crosstalk between the immune system and mucus-associated bacteria in health and disease, as well as disease-related peripheral immune signatures indicative of host responses to these organisms. In this brief review, we integrate these novel observations into our overall understanding of host-microbiota mutualism at the colonic mucosal border and speculate on the significance of this emerging knowledge for our understanding of the prevention, development, and progression of chronic intestinal inflammation.
The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: a multinational randomized trial
Authors: Adriaan A. Voors, Christiane E. Angermann, John R. Teerlink, Sean P. Collins, Mikhail Kosiborod, Jan Biegus, João Pedro Ferreira, Michael E. Nassif, Mitchell A. Psotka, Jasper Tromp, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Changsheng Ma, Joseph Comin-Colet, Michael Fu, Stefan P. Janssens, Robert G. Kiss, Robert J. Mentz, Yasushi Sakata, Henrik Schirmer, Morten Schou, P. Christian Schulze, Lenka Spinarova, Maurizio Volterrani, Jerzy K. Wranicz, Uwe Zeymer, Shelley Zieroth, Martina Brueckmann, Jonathan P. Blatchford, Afshin Salsali, Piotr Ponikowski
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Abstract The sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure, but whether empagliflozin also improves clinical outcomes when initiated in patients who are hospitalized for acute heart failure is unknown. In this double-blind trial (EMPULSE; NCT04157751 ), 530 patients with a primary diagnosis of acute de novo or decompensated chronic heart failure regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin 10 mg once daily or placebo. Patients were randomized in-hospital when clinically stable (median time from hospital admission to randomization, 3 days) and were treated for up to 90 days. The primary outcome of the trial was clinical benefit, defined as a hierarchical composite of death from any cause, number of heart failure events and time to first heart failure event, or a 5 point or greater difference in change from baseline in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Total Symptom Score at 90 days, as assessed using a win ratio. More patients treated with empagliflozin had clinical benefit compared with placebo (stratified win ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.68; P = 0.0054), meeting the primary endpoint. Clinical benefit was observed for both acute de novo and decompensated chronic heart failure and was observed regardless of ejection fraction or the presence or absence of diabetes. Empagliflozin was well tolerated; serious adverse events were reported in 32.3% and 43.6% of the empagliflozin- and placebo-treated patients, respectively. These findings indicate that initiation of empagliflozin in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure is well tolerated and results in significant clinical benefit in the 90 days after starting treatment.
Guidelines to aid ethical committees considering research involving children. Working Party on Ethics of Research in Children.
Journal: BMJ (1980)

fund exchanges without a research content, and the differences that still exist in the systems for specialist training in France and Britain may cause problems in deciding which posts in the two countries are comparable.The Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres in France has recently been prepared to fund visits from fairly senior clinicians: at present there are two British doctors in Paris and one in Lyon working with full responsibility and paid at senior registrar level.Opportunities of this kind are not yet being fully used.For the time being, however, the advice for a British doctor wishing to work in a clinical rather than a research setting at SHO or registrar level in France is to make personal contact with a hospital specialist there who would be willing to sponsor his candidature. OverviewIn both contexts-clinical work and research-the impression on both sides of the Channel seems to be that interchange is far easier than most doctors believe.Anyone who would like the experience of working in France (or, in the other direction, Britain) should be able to arrange an exchange for any period between a few days and a year.Information about possible
Government Services
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biodegradable magnesium alloy WE43 porous scaffolds fabricated by laser powder bed fusion for orthopedic applications: Process optimization, in vitro and in vivo investigation
Authors: Jinge Liu, Bingchuan Liu, Shuyuan Min, Bangzhao Yin, Bo Peng, Zishi Yu, Caimei Wang, Xiaolin Ma, Peng Wen, Yun Tian, Yufeng Zheng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of magnesium (Mg) alloy porous scaffolds is expected to solve the dual challenges from customized structures and biodegradable functions required for repairing bone defects. However, one of the key technical difficulties lies in the poor L-PBF process performance of Mg, contributed by the high susceptibility to oxidation, vaporization, thermal expansion, and powder attachment etc. This work investigated the influence of L-PBF energy input and scanning strategy on the formation quality of porous scaffolds by using WE43 powder, and characterized the microstructure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradation and osteogenic effect of the as-built WE43 porous scaffolds. With the customized energy input and scanning strategy, the relative density of struts reached over 99.5%, and the geometrical error between the designed and the fabricated porosity declined to below 10%. Massive secondary phases including intermetallic precipitates and oxides were observed. The compressive strength (4.37-23.49 MPa) and elastic modulus (154.40-873.02 MPa) were comparable to those of cancellous bone. Good biocompatibility was observed by in vitro cell viability and in vivo implantation. The biodegradation of as-built porous scaffolds promoted the osteogenic effect, but the structural integrity devastated after 12 h by the immersion tests in Hank's solution and after 4 weeks by the implantation in rabbits' femur, indicating an excessively rapid degradation rate.
Neutralizing-antibody-independent SARS-CoV-2 control correlated with intranasal-vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Hiroshi Ishii, Takushi Nomura, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Masako Nishizawa, Trang Thi Thu Hau, Shigeyoshi Harada, Sayuri Seki, Midori Nakamura-Hoshi, Midori Okazaki, Sachie Daigen, Ai Kawana-Tachikawa, Noriyo Nagata, Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa, Nozomi Shiwa, Tadaki Suzuki, Eun-Sil Park, Maeda Ken, Taishi Onodera, Yoshimasa Takahashi, Kohji Kusano, Ryutaro Shimazaki, Yuriko Suzaki, Yasushi Ami, Tetsuro Matano
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

Effective vaccines are essential for the control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently developed vaccines inducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S)-antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are effective, but the appearance of NAb-resistant S variant viruses is of great concern. A vaccine inducing S-independent or NAb-independent SARS-CoV-2 control may contribute to containment of these variants. Here, we investigate the efficacy of an intranasal vaccine expressing viral non-S antigens against intranasal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in cynomolgus macaques. Seven vaccinated macaques exhibit significantly reduced viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs on day 2 post-challenge compared with nine unvaccinated controls. The viral control in the absence of SARS-CoV-2-specific NAbs is significantly correlated with vaccine-induced, viral-antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Our results indicate that CD8+ T cell induction by intranasal vaccination can result in NAb-independent control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting a potential of vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses to contribute to COVID-19 containment.
Tumbu fly.
Authors: R Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1972)

dilettante and will only discover something new by accident.Your "single brilliant or lucky scientist" is my man from the start, provided that he will allow for the fact that years and years of conscientious painstaking endeavour are almost certain to result in a prejudiced approach.The whole history of the progress of mankind is witness to the fact that where a breakthrough has been made, it has come about through a combination of fortuitous circumstance and insight.For this reason I cannot agree that to confirm researchers for life in a career struc- ture would be an advance.In fact I believe that because "doctors and scientists under- take research during their progress to other posts" they are much more likely to have new ideas than those who enter research as a life-time occupation.There are plenty of these devoted workers who today can look back on 30 or 40 years of conscientious endeavour without having had a single new idea.This situation is inevitable if research is conducted by a vertical approach alone.-
Digest of morbidity and mortality data on the rheumatic diseases.
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

This report, the first of a series of annual digests of certain statistics concerning the rheumatic diseases, considers:(1) Morbidity data derived from the Report of the Ministry of Pensions and National In- surance for the year 1963.(2) Mortality data derived from the Registrar General's Statistical Review of England and Wales for the year 1963 and the Annual Report of the Registrar General for Scotland for the year 1963.Arthritis and Rheumatism The data include the following disease categories (rubrics of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 1955, shown in parentheses): Gout (288) Sciatica (363) Rheumatic fever (400-402) *Arthritis (720-725) *Rheumatism (726-727) *Internal derangement of the knee (734) *Displaced intervertebral disc (735) *Synovitis, bursitis, and tenosynovitis (741-742) Ankylosing and other acquired deformities (e.g.postural kyphosis, hallux rigidus, coxa valga) (737, 745-749) Other diseases of bones and organs of movement (e.g.Paget's disease, pulmonary osteoarthropathy, osteo- porosis, sacroiliac disease, capsulitis, haemarthrosis) (731-733, 736, 738, 740, 743, 744) Ill-defined conditions with symptoms referred to the limbs and back (787) Data on injury, as opposed to sickness, benefit are available only for those conditions marked by asterisks.(I) Morbidity in Great Britain Population at Risk.-For the year ending June 1, 1963, the population of Great Britain insured for sickness benefit was estimated as 15,237 thousand males and 4,960 Influenza 1,202 5 13-1 13 88 4-8Thus, of chronic conditions, the rheumatic complaints came second only to bronchitis among the principal causes of loss of time from work, and they accounted for one-tenth of the total sickness incapacity.43