tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Text-Book of Human Physiology.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Current concepts of mitral valve reconstruction for mitral insufficiency.
Authors: A CGalloway, S BColvin, F GBaumann, SHarty, F CSpencer
Journal: Circulation (1988)

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in surgical reconstruction of the insufficient mitral valve because of reconfirmation of the limitations of existing prosthetic and bioprosthetic valves. A follow-up study, including late functional data, of 148 patients who underwent mitral valve reconstruction at our institution was combined with a review of the literature to assess the current status of mitral reconstruction. The results indicate that mitral reconstruction by Carpentier techniques is widely applicable, durable, and relatively free of complication. Freedom from late thromboembolic and anticoagulant complications is particularly notable. These factors could prove to justify earlier operative intervention in patients with mitral insufficiency before permanent myocardial damage evolves. As mitral valve reconstruction techniques become more familiar and widely used, mitral reconstruction may become the operative procedure of choice for mitral insufficiency, especially insufficiency due to d...
Increased urinary leukotriene excretion in patients with cardiac ischemia. In vivo evidence for 5-lipoxygenase activation.
Authors: MCarry, VKorley, J TWillerson, LWeigelt, A WFord-Hutchinson, PTagari
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDExperimental cardiac ischemia in some animal models results in the activation of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase and the subsequent production of leukotrienes, potent proinflammatory lipid mediators, by the affected myocardium. Furthermore, prototype antileukotriene drugs can show some beneficial effects on infarct size and cardiac function in these models. Accordingly, urinary excretion of leukotriene E4 (LTE4), the major urinary metabolite of peptide leukotrienes in humans, was measured in patients admitted to the hospital with evidence of acute myocardial ischemia to assess in vivo release of 5-lipoxygenase products during and after the ischemic episode.METHODS AND RESULTSUrinary leukotriene excretion was measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and specific radioimmunoassay on admission with acute chest pain and again on day 3 in the following patient groups: acute myocardial infarction (AMI), AMI and clinical evidence of early reperfusion after treatment with recombinant ...
Bariatric Surgery and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease:
Authors: Aristithes G. Doumouras, Jorge A. Wong, J. Michael Paterson, Yung Lee, Branavan Sivapathasundaram, Jean-Eric Tarride, Lehana Thabane, Dennis Hong, Salim Yusuf, Mehran Anvari
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Bariatric surgery has been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular risk factors. However, whether surgery can reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), especially in patients with established cardiovascular disease, remains poorly understood. The present study aims to determine the association between bariatric surgery and MACE among patients with cardiovascular disease and severe obesity. Methods: This was a propensity score–matched cohort study using province-wide multiple-linked administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. Patients with previous ischemic heart disease or heart failure who received bariatric surgery were matched on age, sex, heart failure history, and a propensity score to similar controls from a primary care medical record database in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was the incidence of extended MACE (first occurrence of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, cerebrovascular events, and heart failure hospitalization). Secondary outcome included 3-component MACE (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality). Outcomes were evaluated through a combination of matching via propensity score and subsequent multivariable adjustment. Results: A total of 2638 patients (n=1319 in each group) were included, with a median follow-up time of 4.6 years. The primary outcome occurred in 11.5% (151/1319) of the surgery group and 19.6% (259/1319) of the controls (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.58 [95% CI, 0.48–0.71]; P &lt;0.001). The association was notable for those with heart failure (HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.31–0.62]; P &lt;0.001; absolute risk difference, 19.3% [95% CI, 12.0%–26.7%]) and in those with ischemic heart disease (HR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.48–0.74]; P &lt;0.001; absolute risk difference, 7.5% [95% CI, 4.7%–10.5%]). Surgery was also associated with a lower incidence of the secondary outcome (HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.52–0.84]; P =0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.15–0.80]; P =0.001). Conclusions: Bariatric surgery was associated with a lower incidence of MACE in patients with cardiovascular disease and obesity. These findings require confirmation by a large-scale randomized trial.
Adrenergic blockade blunts adenosine concentration and coronary vasodilation during hypoxia.
Authors: S CHerrmann, E OFeigl
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Myocardial hypoxia is thought to be an important stimulus for increasing interstitial adenosine concentration. The adenosine hypothesis of coronary control was investigated during steady-state hypoxia by making measurements of coronary venous and epicardial well adenosine concentrations in adrenergically intact dogs and in animals with alpha- and beta-receptor blockade. In the adrenergically intact group, hypoxia sufficient to lower coronary venous oxygen tension to 8 mm Hg increased coronary blood flow 243% from normoxic values. Both coronary venous and epicardial well adenosine concentrations were increased throughout the hypoxic period. In the adrenergically blocked group, hypoxia to a similar level of coronary venous oxygen tension produced an increase in coronary blood flow of only 75%, which was significantly less than in the adrenergically intact group (p less than 0.01). Coronary venous adenosine was only transiently elevated, and epicardial well adenosine was unchanged from control levels. In a s...
Structural and functional alterations of the intramyocardial coronary arterioles in patients with arterial hypertension.
Authors: BSchwartzkopff, WMotz, HFrenzel, MVogt, SKnauer, B EStrauer
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDIn hypertensive patients with angina pectoris, the coronary vasodilator reserve is frequently impaired despite a normal coronary angiogram. Experimental data indicate that structural alterations of the intramyocardial coronary vasculature contribute to an increased minimal coronary resistance and a diminished coronary flow reserve.METHODS AND RESULTSIn 14 patients (10 men and 4 women) with arterial hypertension and 8 normotensive subjects, minimal coronary resistance and vasodilator reserve (dipyridamole: 0.5 mg/kg body wt, gas chromatographic argon method) were determined after the angiographic exclusion of relevant coronary artery disease. Coronary reserve was depressed in hypertensive patients (2.7 +/- 2.3 vs 4.6 +/- 1.3, P < or = .05) due to increased minimal coronary resistance (0.64 +/- 30 vs 0.24 +/- 0.055 mm Hg.min.100 g.mL-1, p < or = 0.002). In right septal biopsies, mean external arteriolar diameter (21.6 +/- 2.3 vs 17.2 +/- 2.5 microns, P < or = .001), mean arteriolar wall area (271 ...
Mechanisms of supersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines in the chronically denervated heart of the conscious dog.
Authors: D EVatner, MLavallee, JAmano, AFinizola, C JHomcy, S FVatner
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Mechanisms of denervation supersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines were studied in conscious animals. Norepinephrine, 0.1 micrograms/kg, increased left ventricular dP/dt significantly more (4208 +/- 828 mm Hg/sec) in dogs with cardiac denervation than in intact dogs (1029 +/- 280 mm Hg/sec), P less than 0.01, whereas responses to isoproterenol were similar in both groups. Denervation supersensitivity to isoproterenol could be demonstrated only after opposing reflex effects were blocked. After ganglionic blockade, norepinephrine still induced 2- to 3-fold greater increases in left ventricular dP/dt and 3- to 7-fold greater increases in heart rate in cardiac-denervated dogs, whereas isoproterenol and prenalterol, not taken up by presynaptic nerve endings, elicited only 40%-50% greater increases in left ventricular dP/dt and heart rate in dogs with cardiac denervation. The density of beta-adrenergic receptors [( 3H]dihydroalprenolol) was elevated (P less than 0.01) in denervated left ventricles (105 +/- 6....
Does Endorings Improve the Adenoma Detection Rate at Colonoscopy? A Meta-Analysis Of Data from Individual Patients in Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: L Frazzoni, S Thayalasekaran, C Hassan, DK Rex, PD Siersema, L Fuccio, P Bhandari
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Data on the impact of the EndoRings device on adenoma detection at colonoscopy is conflicting. The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze individual patient based data from all the published trials to assess whether EndoRings improves the detection of colorectal adenomas.
Abstract 16476: Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability is Associated With Incident Frailty: The Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT)
Authors: Laure Rouch, Philipe de Souto Barreto, Olivier Hanon, Jacques Amar, Yves Rolland, Bruno Vellas
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) has been associated with greater cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, cognitive impairment, and incident dementia. It may also represent a decline in homeostatic mechanisms in blood pressure (BP) regulation associated with frailty, one of the most problematic expression of population aging. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that visit-to-visit systolic (SBPV), diastolic (DBPV), mean arterial (MAPV) and pulse pressure (PPV) variability are associated with greater incident frailty. Methods: We included 1,394 non-frail community-dwelling participants aged ≥ 70 years from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) who underwent repeated clinical examinations over a 5-year follow-up period. SBPV, DBPV, MAPV and PPV were evaluated using standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), average real variability, successive variation, variation independent of mean and residual standard deviation. Incident frailty was assessed using the Fried phenotype. Cox proportional hazards models were used for the analyses. Results: Higher SBPV was significantly associated with increased risk of incident frailty (1-sd increase of CV: HR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.02-1.37], p=0.03) after adjustment for demographics, body mass index, stroke, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, heart failure, antihypertensive drugs, systolic BP, MAPT intervention groups and baseline pre-frail status. Similar results were observed with all indicators of variability. DBPV and MAPV were not associated with incident frailty (p=0.6 and p=0.2, respectively). Interestingly, higher PPV was also associated with a greater risk of developing frailty over time (1-sd increase of CV: HR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.01-1.35], p=0.03). Conclusion: Independently of BP, higher SBPV and PPV are major clinical predictors of incident frailty. Our findings support the concept of BP physiological dysregulation underlying the frail state and suggest that controlling BP instability could be a promising interventional target in preventing frailty.
High-frequency analysis of the surface electrocardiograms of patients with supraventricular tachycardia: accurate identification of atrial activation and determination of the mechanism of tachycardia.
Authors: D LKuchar, R PKelly, C WThorburn
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Signal processing of the electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed during supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in 24 patients in an attempt to locate the P wave and to characterize its morphology in three orthogonal planes. In patients with atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, a discrete atrial signal could be identified within the ST segment and/or T wave with inferior-to-superior orientation. Atrial activation was identified in patients with primary atrial tachycardia as long as there was a constant relationship between each QRS complex and the preceding atrial signal. Patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia were deduced to have simultaneous atrial and ventricular activation when no atrial signal could be seen elsewhere in the cycle. Mean maximum P wave amplitude was 25.4 +/- 6.3 microV during SVT, with a mean noise level below 1.0 microV. Signal processing of the ECG during SVT enhances the detection of the P wave and the appreciation of P wave morphology, both of which are importan...
Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the aorta in infants and children with congenital heart disease.
Authors: J CHuhta, H PGutgesell, L ALatson, F DHuffines
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To determine the accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiography in the identification of congenital anomalies of the aorta, we compared two-dimensional echocardiographic with angiographic results in 261 consecutive infants and children with congenital heart disease (age 1 day to 20 years, mean 3.3 years). Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed and interpreted without knowledge of angiographic results. Complete visualization of the ascending and descending aorta and aortic arch branches was possible by two-dimensional echocardiographic examination in suprasternal, parasternal, and subcostal views of 255 patients (98%). Identification of the esophagus during swallowing aided the diagnosis of anatomic characteristics of aortic arch. One or more significant aortic arch anomalies were present on angiograms of 116 of 255 patients (46%) and were detected by two-dimensional echocardiography in 110 (sensitivity 95%, 99% specificity). Anomalies detected by two-dimensional echocardiography/angiography were asc...
Dynamic exercise echocardiography.
Authors: YSugishita, SKoseki
Journal: Circulation (1979)

To evaluate left ventricular (LV) reserve, we developed a method of dynamic exercise echocardiography (DEE). Forty-six healthy persons and 47 cardiac patients performed bicycle ergometer exercise in the supine position. A special table was used on which the subjects could be firmly attached at shoulder level to prevent bodily movements which might disturb the recordings. In 83% of the subjects in whom a clear echocardiogram was obtained at rest, a clear echocardiogram was also obtained during dynamic exercise. During exercise, cardiac output estimated from the echocardiogram and that from the dye-dilution method showed an excellent correlation. The changes of the mean velocity of LV circumferential shortening during exercise permitted discrimination between older and younger healthy men, and also between healthy subjects and those with either mild or severe LV dysfunction. We conclude that DEE is useful for evaluating LV reserve.
Molecular structure and transcriptional function of the rat vascular AT1a angiotensin receptor gene.
Authors: KTakeuchi, R WAlexander, YNakamura, TTsujino, T JMurphy
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Rat vascular angiotensin receptors (AT1a receptors) are encoded by two mRNA transcripts sharing an identical receptor coding sequence but differing in their 5' and 3' untranslated sequences. We screened male Sprague-Dawley rat genomic libraries to clone the vascular AT1a receptor gene. Two sets of overlapping clones were isolated that encode over 90 kb of genomic sequence around the AT1a receptor gene. Four overlapping clones were identified from the 5' flanking portion of the gene. These contain the promoter region and two exons, 141 bp and 89 bp in size, respectively, encoding the alternatively spliced 5' untranslated mRNA sequence. Six additional clones overlap each other but do not overlap the set of clones from the 5' flanking region of the gene. These contain a single 1977-bp exon that encodes 900 bp of the 5' and 3' untranslated sequences in addition to a 1077-bp open reading frame identical to that found in vascular smooth muscle cell AT1a receptor cDNAs. Primer extension and RNase protection stud...
Compensatory carotid artery dilatation in early atherosclerosis.
Authors: WSteinke, TEls, MHennerici
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDFrom pathological studies of coronary arteries, it has been recognized that progressive plaque development may be compensated for by an increase of the arterial diameter. However, the dynamics of this process have not been investigated, and it is not known whether compensatory dilatation is a general pathomechanism in human arteries.METHODS AND RESULTSUsing a high-resolution duplex scanner and subsequent three-dimensional plaque reconstruction, we prospectively studied the effect of carotid plaque development on the vascular geometry in 32 patients at 6- to 12-month intervals. Plaque progression in 41% (n = 26) of studies was associated with an increase of the vessel diameter between 0.4 and 1.2 mm in 76% (n = 20). Among 36 unchanged plaque developments, enlargement of the arterial diameter was assessed in only 28% (n = 10) (P < .001).CONCLUSIONSOur data suggest that increasing plaque volume is significantly associated with enlargement of carotid artery segments, which compensates for arterial n...
Magnifying Endoscopy For Diagnosis of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia: Can we see the “Light Blue Crest” Sign with I-Scan Optical Enhancement?
Authors: S Kashin, R Kuvaev, E Kraynova, N Vidyaeva
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of “light blue crest” (LBC) sign in diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia with magnifying i-scan optical enhancement endoscopy (PENTAX Medical, Japan).
Abstract 20742: Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA Editing Controls Cathepsin K Pre-mRNA Processing in Atherosclerotic Heart Disease
Authors: Marco Sachse, Aikaterini Gatsiou, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Alexia Mareti, Ageliki Laina, Carolin Amrhein, Andreas Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler, Konstantinos Stellos
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: The enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) binds to double-stranded RNAs inducing the deamination of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I), a process that is called RNA editing. We ...
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Authors: Jerry G. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1973)

When one reviews a medical book, it is rare that the reading is exciting, interesting, and thoroughly absorbing. Happily, this is the experience I had with this monograph and am sure most readers will feel the same way. It is almost as if one were in private audience with the author, so excellent is the writing. The book is divided into two sections, the first entitled "Basic Science" and the second, "Clinical Applications." They are designed to be used in conjunction with each other or separately. Thus, the physician can utilize this book in his preclinical years and later as a senior student and resident. Furthermore, the postgraduate physician cannot help but be impressed at the author's unique approach to accepted concepts in pulmonary physiology. Weak or unproven concepts are clearly unmasked. The clinical section is not as outstanding as that on basic science, but is well written, concise, and
Excitation, conduction, and reflection of impulses in isolated bovine and serum cardiac purkinje fibers.
Authors: JJalife, G KMoe
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

When an impulse arrives at an area of impaired conductivity, a slowly rising electrotonic potential may bring the distal tissue to threshold after a delay imposed by the passive electrical properties of the system and by the time-dependent changes of these properties during diastole. This phenomenon can be demonstrated in Purkinje strands in which an area of depressed conductivity has been induced by the impedance of a sucrose gap and can be mimicked by the application of relatively long current pulses of low amplitude. The functional refractory period, defined as the shortest interval between two distal responses both propagated across the gap, was determined by the application of premature stimuli at progressively earlier intervals. The time course of the recovery of excitability as well as the conduction intervals could be varied almost at will by manipulating the electric impedance between proximal and distal ends of the fiber. When the time of activation of the distal end across the gap exceeded the ...
MORTALITY FROM TUBERCULOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Substance P is released from the endothelium of normal and capsaicin-treated rat hind-limb vasculature, in vivo, by increased flow.
Authors: VRalevic, PMilner, OHudlická, FKristek, GBurnstock
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The rat hind-limb vasculature releases substance P when subjected to a rapid increase in flow through the vascular bed. This release also occurs during high flow after rats have been capsaicinized, when loss of substance P-containing nerve fibers was verified by immunohistochemistry. Air treatment, a procedure shown by transmission electron microscopy to have removed endothelial cells from the arteries but not arterioles or capillaries of the hind-limb preparations, eliminated this release. Thus, the substance P released is unlikely to arise from perivascular nerves but rather from arterial endothelial cells.