tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Control of substances hazardous to health.
Authors: T. C. Aw
Journal: BMJ (1989)

workload studies: one is a national study presenting an overview, and the other a description of the effect of changes in the population within one practice.Balarajan and colleagues at the University of Surrey, using data from the general household surveys, analysed contacts with general practitioners (at the surgery, at home, and by telephone) of 64 000 people (p 953).Even in this large population the numbers for each ethnic group were small when compared with the indigenous white population.Comparison of consultation rates for children showed small differences among Indian, West Indian, and white groups, but Pakistani boys had a consultation rate 44% higher than white boys and 600'S higher than Pakistani girls.Pakistani men consulted twice as often as white men, and Indian and West Indian men had slightly!higher consultation rates than
Combined ADP and thromboxane A2 antagonism prevents cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured arteries in nonhuman primates.
Authors: S KYao, JMcNatt, KCui, H VAnderson, J PMaffrand, L MBuja, J TWillerson
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThis study was designed to test the hypothesis that clopidogrel, a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, can eliminate cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured coronary and femoral arteries in nonhuman primates.METHODS AND RESULTSWe studied five anesthetized, open-chest baboons. Blood flow velocity in the coronary and femoral arteries was monitored by pulsed Doppler flow probes placed around the arteries. Cyclic flow variations were established by mechanically injuring the endothelium of the arteries and by narrowing the arteries with external constrictors. Clopidogrel (10 to 20 mg/kg i.v. bolus plus 2.5 mg.kg-1 x h-1 continuous infusion) was administered 60 minutes after cyclic flow variations were established. Clopidogrel abolished cyclic flow variations in the coronary and femoral arteries of all five baboons (frequency of cyclic flow variations, 0/h versus 14/h at baseline, P < .001). Then epinephrine was infused (maximum average dose, 2.2 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1 i.v.)....
Objective Measurement of the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure versus Oral Appliance Therapy for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Olivier M. Vanderveken, Marc J. Braem, Marijke Dieltjens, Wilfried A. De Backer, Paul H. Van de Heyning
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)
Response of myocardial metabolites to graded regional ischemia: 31P NMR spectroscopy of porcine myocardium in vivo.
Authors: SSchaefer, S ACamacho, JGober, R GObregon, M ADeGroot, E HBotvinick, BMassie, M WWeiner
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The changes in myocardial high energy phosphates and pH during regional ischemia, and their potential role in mediating functional abnormalities, is unclear. To determine the degree of regional blood flow reduction required to induce changes in high energy phosphates and pH, and to correlate these metabolic changes with alterations in blood flow, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed in an in vivo porcine model of graded coronary stenosis. Simultaneous measurements of regional blood flow and phosphate compounds were made during various steady-state degrees of regional ischemia in which subendocardial blood flow was reduced by as much as 80%. ATP did not fall over the total range of graded ischemia, while phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and pH all changed progressively after blood flow was reduced below 50% of normal. The ratio of PCr/Pi (a measure of the energy reserve of the myocardium) was strongly correlated to subendocardial blood flow (r = 0.94) and declined by 25%...
Myocardial lactate metabolism: evidence of lactate release during net chemical extraction in man.
Authors: E WGertz, J AWisneski, RNeese, J DBristow, G LSearle, J THanlon
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Myocardial blood flow has been recognized to be heterogeneous in patients with coronary artery disease. Traditional arterial-coronary sinus sampling methods cannot demonstrate comparable heterogeneity of myocardial metabolism. In this study we used a tracer technique to investigate possible heterogeneity of myocardial lactate metabolism. Twenty-one patients with symptoms of ischemic heart disease were studied. We injected 14C-1-lactate intravenously as a constant infusion after a priming dose. Coronary sinus and arterial samples were obtained for chemical and radioisotopic analyses. At rest, myocardial lactate extraction by chemical analysis was 24.6 +/- 8.5% (mean +/- SD). By radioisotopic analysis, the lactate extraction was 41.0 +/- 10.2% (p less than 0.001). Thus, certain areas of the myocardium were releasing lactate despite global net extraction of lactate. In the 12 patients with significant left main or both left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) lesions, the calculated amount of...
Echocardiographic documentation of vegetative lesions in infective endocarditis: clinical implications.
Authors: J AStewart, DSilimperi, PHarris, N KWise, T DFraker, J AKisslo
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Eighty-seven patients with the clinical syndrome of infective endocarditis were examined by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of echocardiographically detected vegetative lesions. Group 1 consisted of 47 patients with one or more vegetations. Group 2 consisted of 40 patients without evidence of vegetations. Group 1 patients had a higher rate of complications: emboli, congestive heart failure and the need for surgical intervention. Analysis of morphologic characteristics of the vegetations in group 1 was of no predictive value for complications in individual patients. Two-thirds of the vegetations persisted unaltered well beyond the period of bacteriologic cure without significant complications. No characteristic alteration of the vegetations predicted the efficacy of medical therapy. Although the detection of vegetations by echocardiography in patients with the clinical syndrome of endocarditis clearly identifies a subgroup ...
Defining optimal fluoroquinolone exposure against<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>: contribution of murine studies
Authors: Thomas Maitre, Lorenzo Guglielmetti, Nicolas Veziris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>The proportion of TB patients attaining the fluoroquinolone target exposure, as defined by <i>in vitro</i> models, is very low in clinical practice; however, it would be even smaller if the target AUC/MIC ratios were calculated in murine models of tuberculosis</b>https://bit.ly/2Wg8K8H
Capillary recruitment and pain relief on leg dependency in patients with severe lower limb ischemia.
Authors: D TUbbink, M JJacobs, D WSlaaf, G JTangelder, R SReneman
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDPatients suffering from severe lower limb ischemia may experience pain relief on leg dependency despite the fact that dependency normally results in arteriolar vasoconstriction. To clarify this possible paradox, skin microcirculation of the limb was investigated in 75 patients with different stages of lower limb ischemia and in 12 asymptomatic subjects.METHODS AND RESULTSUsing nailfold capillary video microscopy, red blood cell-perfused capillary density and diameter and red blood cell velocity were assessed in supine and sitting positions. Capillary density increased by changing from the supine to the sitting position, especially in patients with limb-threatening ischemia (showing a 4.5-fold increase versus a 1.5-fold increase in asymptomatic subjects). In subjects without or with mild ischemia, capillary perfusion was two to four times lower in the sitting than in the supine position. In patients with limb-threatening ischemia, perfusion was strongly reduced, being slightly higher in the sitti...
The relationship between atrioventricular nodal refractoriness and the functional refractory period in the dog.
Authors: M BSimson, JSpear, E NMoore
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We studied the relationship between the atrioventricular nodal functional refractory period (FRP) and refractoriness by mathematical analysis and by measurement during antegrade Wenckebach cycles in 16 dogs. The FRP relates directly to the conduction time of the control beat, and inversely to the coordinates of the point on the A'-H' vs. A-A refractory curve where the slope is -1. The FRP can vary without any change in refractoriness as measured by the effective refractory period (ERP) or the refractory curve. In 16 dogs the ERP and the FRP were measured during 4:3 Wenckebach cycles. Because of changes in the control conduction times, the FRP declined and did not reflect the progressive increase in refractoriness recorded during Wenckebach cycles. The FRP is a complex parameter and does not reliably measure refractoriness.
Effects of long-term pressure overload on regional myocardial glucose and free fatty acid uptake in rats. A quantitative autoradiographic study.
Authors: YKagaya, YKanno, DTakeyama, NIshide, YMaruyama, TTakahashi, TIdo, TTakishima
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To investigate the effects of long-term pressure overload on regional myocardial substrate use, we performed quantitative autoradiography using 2-deoxy-D-[U-14C]glucose (14C-DG) and beta-methyl[1-14C]heptadecanoic acid (14C-BMHDA) in conscious rats with a 10-week ascending aortic constriction. Heart weight/body weight ratio increased by 27% in aortic-constricted rats as compared with sham-operated rats (p less than 0.01). Myocardial 14C-DG uptake increased (258 +/- 63 vs. 144 +/- 41 nCi/g, p less than 0.01, n = 6 for each group); however, 14C-BMHDA extraction decreased (251 +/- 69 vs. 342 +/- 75 nCi/g, p less than 0.05, n = 7 for each group) in aortic-constricted rats as compared with sham-operated rats. In sham-operated rats, both 14C-DG and 14C-BMHDA uptakes were higher in the left ventricular anterior and lateral walls as compared with the posterior wall or the interventricular septum. In aortic-constricted rats, 14C-DG uptake also increased in the interventricular septum, as well as in the left ventri...
Correlation of ventricular area, perimeter, and conotruncal diameter with ventricular mass and function in the chick embryo from stages 12 to 24.
Authors: B BKeller, NHu, E BClark
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Ventricular form and function are interrelated during cardiovascular development. The study of muscle mechanics requires the real-time measurement of length, area, or volume. Because volume measures are not currently possible in the embryonic heart, we tested the hypothesis that end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) ventricular perimeter, area, and conotruncal diameter correlate with ventricular mass and function in the stage 12 to stage 24 white Leghorn chick embryo. Video images of the contracting heart were recorded at 60 Hz on 1/2 videotape and studied with a custom image-analysis workstation. ED and ES video fields were selected by maximum and minimum ventricular area and were planimetered for epicardial ventricular perimeter, area, and conotruncal diameter. Data are reported as (mean +/- SEM, n greater than or equal to 8) and were tested by analysis of variance and regression analysis. Heart rate calculated from cycle length increased from 78 +/- 6 beats/min at stage 12 to 162 +/- 5 beats/min at...
Discrete Alterations in the BZLF1 Promoter in Tumor and Non-Tumor-Associated Epstein-Barr Virus
Authors: M. I. Gutierrez
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Although the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with malignant and nonmalignant diseases, its lytic replication is predominantly associated with nonmalignant diseases such as acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) or chronic active EBV infection. Lytic replication is also associated with type B EBV more than with type A EBV. Sustained lytic replication, however, is not compatible with tumor growth. We investigated whether control of an EBV lytic regulatory gene, BZLF1, differed in these diseases.Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct DNA sequence analyses were used to characterize the promoter sequence of BZLF1 (Zp) in 52 tumors (34 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 13 post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease samples, and five nasopharyngeal carcinomas), and in peripheral blood lymphocytes from seven patients with chronic active EBV, six with IM, and 40 healthy, EBV-seropositive individuals. All sequences were compared with the prototype EBV strain B95.8 sequence. All statistical tests were two-sided.Three polymorphic Zp sequences were detected. Among the malignant samples, sequence Zp-P, associated with 84% of type A EBV, was identical to that of EBV strain B95.8, whereas a second sequence (Zp-V3), associated exclusively with type B EBV (P<.001), contained three base substitutions. Among the nonmalignant samples, a distinct polymorphism, Zp-V4, containing the substitutions detected in Zp-V3 and an additional base change, was identified in all samples from chronic active EBV, IM, and healthy individuals, but in none of the malignant samples (P<.001). Zp-V4 was independent of the EBV type.Polymorphisms in the regulatory sequences of BZLF1 are differentially distributed among malignant and nonmalignant cells and may identify EBV subtypes with various lytic activities, including those not associated with malignancies.
Maximal Ca2+-activated force elicited by tetanization of ferret papillary muscle and whole heart: mechanism and characteristics of steady contractile activation in intact myocardium.
Authors: EMarban, HKusuoka, D TYue, M LWeisfeldt, W GWier
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Rapid (8-12 Hz) stimulation of intact heart muscle treated with ryanodine results in steady contractile activation known as tetanus, the amplitude of which can be graded by changing extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o). The mechanism of the sustained force generation was explored in ferret papillary muscles by measuring membrane potential and by determining the responsiveness of force and intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i, estimated with aequorin) to dihydropyridine Ca channel ligands. Membrane potential during tetani ranged from -25 to -60 mV, suggesting that fast or slow Ca channels, or Na-Ca exchange, might be mediating Ca2+ entry. Dihydropyridine effects indicated that slow Ca channels play a predominant role: The agonist Bay K 8644 (0.3-1 microM) increased force and aequorin luminescence, whereas the antagonist nitrendipine (1-30 microM) abolished the tetanus. Under conditions analogous to those in the papillary muscle experiments, tetani were produced in whole Langendorff-perfused...
Sequential unipolar strength-interval curves and conduction times during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the dog.
Authors: H JLevine, BAvitall, S GPauker, SNaimi
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

Computerized techniques were employed to generate alternating anodal and cathodal or sequential anodal strength-interval curves during and following 15-minute coronary artery ligations in 14 anesthetized dogs. The right atrium was paced at 2.5 Hz, and unipolar ventricular strength-interval curves with simultaneous conduction times were recorded every 45-120 seconds during ischemia and reperfusion. Within 1--2 minutes of ligation, anodal midcurve and late diastolic thresholds fell sharply, and cathodal thresholds fell slightly or changed little. After 5 minutes of ischemia, anodal thresholds remained low, cathodal thresholds rose, and conduction times increased. At 10--15 minutes of ligation, if the ischemic zone was small, anodal thresholds were low, often approaching cathodal values, and conduction returned toward control values. When the ischemic zone was large, unipolar thresholds and conduction times increased late during the ligation period. Throughout the course of ischemia, the falling limb of the ...
Incidental Finding of a Parotid Basal Cell Adenoma With High Tracer Uptake on 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT
Authors: Fanny Pinot, Arnaud Uguen, Jean-Christophe Leclere, Philippe Thuillier, Ronan Abgral
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract A 67-year-old man was referred to our department to undergo a 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT during the systematic follow-up of a small intestine neuroendocrine tumor. PET revealed an incidental focal increased uptake of 68 Ga-DOTATOC matching with a left intraparotid lesion on the combined contrast-enhanced CT, suggestive of a benign salivary tumor. An MRI was performed to characterize this lesion, and finally, the patient underwent surgery. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of a basal cell adenoma.
Frequent somatic <i>TET2</i> mutations in chronic NK-LGL leukemia with distinct patterns of cytopenias
Authors: Thomas L. Olson, HeeJin Cheon, Jeffrey C. Xing, Kristine C. Olson, Umadevi Paila, Cait E. Hamele, Yaseswini Neelamraju, Bryna C. Shemo, Matt Schmachtenberg, Shriram K. Sundararaman, Mariella F. Toro, Cheryl A. Keller, Emily A. Farber, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Francine E. Garrett-Bakelman, Ross C. Hardison, David J. Feith, Aakrosh Ratan, Thomas P. Loughran
Journal: Blood (2021)
Augmentation of cerebral perfusion by simultaneous chest compression and lung inflation with abdominal binding after cardiac arrest in dogs.
Authors: R CKoehler, NChandra, A DGuerci, JTsitlik, R JTraystman, M CRogers, M LWeisfeldt
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Recent studies have demonstrated that for the same chest compression force during mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the carotid artery-to-jugular vein pressure gradient and carotid blood flow are increased when the phasic rise of intrathoracic pressure is enhanced by abdominal binding and simultaneous ventilation at high airway pressure with each chest compression (SCV). The objective of the present study was to assess whether cerebral blood flow is also enhanced, since it is known that fluctuations in intrathoracic pressure are transmitted to the intracranial space and affect intracranial pressure (ICP). In two series of pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, one of two CPR techniques was initiated immediately after inducing ventricular fibrillation. Brain blood flow was measured by the radiolabeled microsphere technique immediately before cardiac arrest and at 1 and 3 minutes after commencing CPR. Evidence of adequate mixing of spheres and lack of sedimentation under these low-flow conditions wa...
Performance of Non-Invasive Liver Function Tests and Abdominal Ultrasound in the Prediction of Esophageal Varices
Authors: N Trad, M Ghanem, B Ben slimen, K Boughoula, S Bizid, H Ben abdallah, R Bouali, MN Abdelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Esophageal varices(EV) are a serious and life-threatening complication of portal hypertension(PHT). Their diagnosis is based on upper digestive endoscopy(UGIE) which is an invasive examination. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of thirteen non-invasive liver function tests and abdominal ultrasound (AU) in the EV prediction.
The effect of the pattern of cardiac sympathetic activity on myocardial contractile force and norepinephrine overflow in the dog heart.
Authors: M NLevy, BBlattberg
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The left of right cardiac sympathetic nerves in open-chest, anesthetized dogs were stimulated at mean frequencies of 2 or 4 Hz. The stimuli were applied intermittently, in patterns with repetition rates or either 60/min or 15/min, to simulate the spontaneous patterns of sympathetic neural activity that occur synchronously with the cardiac or respiratory cycles, respectively. With either repetition rate, intermittent stimulation of the left sympathetic nerves was about 10-20% less effective in enhancing myocardial contractile force (CF) and about 10% less effective in increasing coronary sinus blood flow than was steady stimulation at the same mean frequency. With right-sided stimulation, there was no appreciable difference between steady and intermettent stimulation patterns with respect to the effect on heart rate. With either left-or right-sided stimulation, the rate of norepinephrine (NE) overflow into the coronary sinus blood was 20-40% less with intermittent than with steady stimulation. Cocaine admi...
Time-dependent increase in left ventricular contractility following acute volume loading in the dog.
Authors: W YLew
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Acute volume alterations were produced in eight anesthetized dogs to determine if the contractility of the left ventricle is partially volume-dependent. Pressures were measured in the left ventricle with a micromanometer and regional ventricular function was measured with sonomicrometers implanted in the midwall of the anterior, lateral, and posterior left ventricle. Regional end-systolic pressure-length relations (ESPLR) were determined with transient venae cavae occlusions. The ESPLR data were fitted to a quadratic equation, then end-systolic lengths were compared at matched end-systolic pressures at multiple time periods after the acute load alterations. Bilateral vagotomy, carotid sinus denervation, and stellate ganglion denervation were performed to prevent reflex alterations in contractility. The heart was paced at a constant rate. In seven animals, dextran was infused intravenously over 77 +/- 23 seconds (+/- SD) to increase left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 5 +/- 2 to 13 +/- 3 mm Hg and...
A new configuration for right ventricular assist with skeletal muscle ventricle. Short-term studies.
Authors: HNiinami, T LHooper, R LHammond, RRuggiero, APochettino, MColson, L WStephenson
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDPrevious attempts to provide right heart assistance with skeletal muscle ventricles (SMVs) have been frustrated by the low preload supplied by the systemic venous blood pressure. In the present study, right ventricular pressure was exploited to provide more optimal preload, the SMV being connected by valved conduits between right ventricular free wall and the main pulmonary artery.METHODS AND RESULTSSMVs were constructed from the right latissimus dorsi muscle in seven mongrel dogs. Following a delay period of 4 weeks, SMVs were preconditioned with 2-Hz continuous stimulation for 5-6 weeks. The SMV was then connected to the right ventricle using a porcine valved Dacron conduit. A similar valved conduit connected the SMV to the main pulmonary artery that had been ligated proximally. SMVs were stimulated with 33-Hz burst frequency to contract synchronously with ventricular diastole in a 1:2 mode. The stimulator was intermittently turned off to permit comparison of assisted and nonassisted circulati...
Effect of diltiazem and propranolol on left ventricular segmental relaxation during temporary coronary arterial occlusion and one month reperfusion in conscious dogs.
Authors: G DTilton, L RBush, P GApprill, L MBuja, J TWillerson
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Using sonar microcrystals implanted in conscious dogs, we have characterized left ventricular segmental relaxation (LVSR) by measuring the mean rate to half end-diastolic thinning (RHEDT) and the late diastolic thinning fraction (TF). In protocol 1 (five nonischemic dogs), RHEDT correlated with changes in left ventricular dP/dt (r = .87) and systemic arterial pressure (r = -.80) but not with alterations in heart rate. Only systemic arterial pressure importantly influenced TF (r = -.65). In protocol 2 (21 dogs), LVSR paralleled net systolic segmental wall thickness (NET) during both 2 and 4 hr of coronary occlusion followed by 1 month reperfusion. Both LVSR and NET remained depressed during 2 and 4 hr of coronary occlusion and through 24 hr of reperfusion, but both also gradually improved afterwards. In protocol 3, 31 dogs underwent 4 hr of coronary occlusion with 1 month of reperfusion. Among these animals, 11 dogs (group S4) received saline after 1 hr of occlusion, nine dogs (group P4) received propranol...