tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Matricide.
Authors: D Chiswick
Journal: BMJ (1981)

<h3>Importance</h3> COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-associated myocarditis has previously been described; however specific features in the adolescent population are currently not well understood. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe myocarditis adverse events following immunisation reported following any COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in the adolescent population in Victoria, Australia. <h3>Design</h3> Statewide, population-based study. <h3>Setting</h3> Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Vaccination in the Community (SAEFVIC) is the vaccine-safety service for Victoria, Australia. <h3>Participants</h3> All SAEFVIC reports of myocarditis and myopericarditis in 12–17-year-old COVID-19 mRNA vaccinees submitted between 22 February 2021 and 22 February 2022, as well as accompanying diagnostic investigation results where available, were assessed using Brighton Collaboration criteria for diagnostic certainty. <h3>Exposures</h3> Any mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. <h3>Main outcomes/Mmeasure</h3> Confirmed myocarditis as per Brighton Collaboration criteria (levels 1–3). <h3>Results</h3> Clinical review demonstrated definitive (Brighton level 1) or probable (level 2) diagnoses in 75 cases. Confirmed myocarditis reporting rates were 8.3 per 100 000 doses in this age group. Cases were predominantly male (n=62, 82.7%) and post dose 2 (n=61, 81.3%). Rates peaked in the 16–17-year-old age group and were higher in males than females (17.7 vs 3.9 per 100 000, p=&lt;0.001). The most common presenting symptoms were chest pain, dyspnoea and palpitations. A large majority of cases who had a cardiac MRI had abnormalities (n=33, 91.7%). Females were more likely to have ongoing clinical symptoms at 1-month follow-up (p=0.02). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Accurate evaluation and confirmation of episodes of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-associated myocarditis enabled understanding of clinical phenotypes in the adolescent age group. Any potential vaccination and safety surveillance policies needs to consider age and gender differences.
Effects of Mycotoxins in Health and Disease
Authors: Daniel Lee Sudakin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Medical News &amp; Perspectives article by Mr Marwick<sup>1</sup>on toxic mold disease makes note of recent studies that demonstrate an association between adverse health effects and occupation of a water-damaged building environment. The recent demonstration<sup>2</sup>of a significant association between pulmonary hemosiderosis in infants and higher levels of exposure to<i>S atra</i>is an important development in our understanding of an emerging public health issue. The importance of this observation is that a specific diagnosis has been found to be associated with<i>S atra</i>. In a recent case-control study of health and immunology in a sample of adult occupants of a water-damaged building, Johanning and colleagues<sup>3</sup>found significant differences in respiratory, dermatologic, and chronic fatigue symptoms reported by inhabitants of a building in which<i>S atra</i>was isolated. The study design did not include testing of control environments for the presence of<i>S atra</i>(the hypothesized
Voluntary sterilization.
Authors: C P Blacker
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BIURTISH 499 while they were on a gluten-free diet, but we believe that even these can be explained on the natural history of the disease.After all, the average duration of dermatitis her- petiformis without a gluten-free diet is four years, and we have patients who have had spontaneous remissions (without a glutenfree diet) for periods of up to four years.More cases who needed no dapsone while on their diet and relapsed when the diet was stopped, like case 17 in the series of Drs.Marks and Whittle, are needed to establish that gluten has an effect on the rash, and such case histories have not yet been published.We believe indeed that none of the published evidence shows that the rash, in contrast to the enteropathy, of dermatitis herpetiformis is improved by gluten withdrawal.-Weare, etc.,
Leishmaniasis.
Authors: P D Marsden
Journal: BMJ (1990)

<h3>Background</h3> Dietary salt intake generates a substantial burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and gastric cancer. Since 2003, the United Kingdom has implemented a series of policies to reduce dietary salt by 15%. The aim of this study was to estimate the overall disease impact and equity of existing and potential national salt reduction policies on CVD and gastric cancer in England. <h3>Methods</h3> We used a validated discrete-time, dynamic, stochastic, microsimulation model (IMPACT<b><sub>NCD</sub></b>) to explore the life courses of a close-to-reality synthetic population under counterfactual salt policy scenarios. The Health Survey for England and the Sodium Survey series data, with findings from high quality meta-analyses primed the model. We estimated current and future cardiovascular and gastric cancer disease incidence and mortality stratified by Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile groups. In the first period, 2003–2015, we compared the impact of the current policy against a counterfactual ‘no intervention’ scenario, which assumed salt consumption persisted at 2003 levels. For 2015–2025, we assumed additional legislative policies could achieve a steeper decline in salt consumption. We compared this against the counterfactual scenario that the downward trend in salt consumption, observed between 2001 and 2011, would continue to 2025. We incorporated probabilistic sensitivity analysis in our estimates, summarised as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) of the model output distributions (IMPACT<b><sub>NCD</sub></b> implements a second order Monte Carlo design that propagated the estimated uncertainty of model inputs to the outputs). <h3>Results</h3> Since 2003, current salt policies have prevented or postponed approximately 59,000 (IQR: 42,000 to 78,000) CVD cases and 11,000 (IQR: −3,000 to 24,000) CVD deaths. In addition, the current policies have prevented around 9,000 (IQR: 4,000 to 13,000) new cases of gastric cancer resulting in 4,000 (IQR: 1,000 to 7,000) fewer deaths. This policy had no impact on socioeconomic inequalities in CVD but increased inequalities in gastric cancer. Additional legislative policies from 2015 could further prevent or postpone approximately 18,000 (IQR: 3,000 to 33,000) CVD cases and 3,000 (IQR: −6,000 to 12,000) deaths by 2025, while reducing inequalities. Similarly for gastric cancer 3,000 (IQR: −1,000 to 7,000) cases and 1,000 (IQR: −1,000 to 4,000) deaths could be prevented or postponed with neutral impact on inequalities. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Current salt reduction policies are powerfully effective in reducing the cardiovascular and gastric cancer disease burdens overall but fail to reduce the inequalities involved. However, additional structural policies could achieve further reduction in disease incidence and more equitable health benefits.
Pharmacologic Management of Persistent Pain in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Paul Glare, Karin Aubrey, Amitabh Gulati, Yi Ching Lee, Natalie Moryl, Sarah Overton
Journal: Drugs (2022)

Improvements in screening, diagnosis and treatment of cancer has seen cancer mortality substantially diminish in the past three decades. It is estimated there are almost 20 million cancer survivors in the USA alone, but some 40% live with chronic pain after completing treatment. While a broad definition of survivorship that includes all people living with, through and beyond a cancer diagnosis—including those with active cancer—is often used, this narrative review primarily focuses on the management of pain in people who are disease-free after completing primary cancer treatment as adults. Chronic pain in this population needs a different approach to that used for people with a limited prognosis. After describing the common chronic pain syndromes caused by cancer treatment, and the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved, the pharmacologic management of entities such as post-surgical pain, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, aromatase inhibitor musculoskeletal syndrome and checkpoint inhibitor-related pain are described. The challenges associated with opioid prescribing in this population are given special attention. Expert guidelines on pain management in cancer survivors now recommend a combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic modalities, and these are also briefly covered.
Diarrhoea.
Authors: G Hatcher
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The training mannikins and models are not human beings and cannot replace clinical experience.We believe, however, that they form a very useful bridge, particularly for the uninitiated.A medical student or nurse is much more likely to pass an endo- tracheal tube satisfactorily in the anaesthetic room if he has practised with an intubating model.The production of the cassette for each lesson is not easy-as the teachers, who are familiar with the apparatus, tend to take short cuts that are obvious to them but not to the novice.This was noticed in our prototype cassettes which were tested with trainees and then revised in the light of experience.The market for such a teaching arrangement is wide and the equipment and cassettes may be varied to suit all grades, from lay staff to senior doctors.Possibly the idea will appeal to many district general hospitals who have a responsibility to teach resuscitation.20 Once established, the facilities of the room may be offered to local general practitioners; district nurses and health visitors; and members of the emergency services.Large indus- trial concerns may also wish to apply the concept for training basic resuscitation to selected employees.In the district general hospital it may well be decided to locate the room in the post- graduate centre, and it may even be possible to teach other practical skills outside resuscitation using the combination of self-assessment models with audiovisual aids.
An inspector calls.
Authors: N. Black
Journal: BMJ (1988)

community.The opposite is almost certainly true.More full time medical directors and consultants of high calibre will coordinate district terminal care services and improve undergraduate and postgraduate education.More general practitioner and medical rotations will incorporate some palliative medicine, while registrar rotations with other specialties, particularly radiotherapy and oncology, will become inevitable.These activities will raise the status of part time palliative care physicians as they develop a full range of services and participate in education and research.Finally, recognition brings with it responsibilities.Doctors and others working in palliative medicine must continue to plan services, strive for long term funding, and be willing to submit themselves to audit and peer review.Only thus may the new specialty speak with authority.
THE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
Authors: B. Eichhorst, T. Robak, E. Montserrat, P. Ghia, C.U. Niemann, A.P. Kater, M. Gregor, F. Cymbalista, C. Buske, P. Hillmen, M. Hallek, U. Mey
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Leaves from My Diary during the Ashantee War
Authors: A. A. Gore
Journal: BMJ (1874)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 70URNAL.30I substance.A section from a nodule upon the heart showed the same material infiltrating the muscular fibres.And in one from the root of the lung the pulmonary tissue was infiltrated with similar small cells.There can be little doubt, I think, that the tumour was a sarcoma, com- mencing in the mediastinal connective tissue, spreading by continuity along the pericardium, pleura, and heart; in each case being more de- veloped wvhere more connective tissue naturally existed, as along the vessels, costal pleura, etc., but also infiltrating the subjacent tissues.
Concerning Emma
Authors: Phillip J. Cozzi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Ad Libitum15 June 1996Concerning EmmaPhillip J. Cozzi, MDPhillip J. Cozzi, MDElmhurst, IL 60126Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-12-199606150-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I want to speak with you concerning Emma.Pupils fixed, vent-dependent, she livesas a swollen eggplant on its stem.I understand you gave her many joys,sixty years of prior health,a strong voice and will, and I thinkyou must be very proud of her whoindependently returned respect to you.I know you are very busy andI do not want to hold you further,but now that I am entrustedwith her care I need your helpfor though I met her only lateI must tend the leaf as best I canand, anticipating other seasons,turn the soil. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Elmhurst, IL 60126 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1996Volume 124, Issue 12Page: 1085 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Putative germline findings in tumor-only and liquid biopsy sequencing in veterans with aggressive prostate cancer.
Authors: Kara Noelle Maxwell, Ryan Hausler, Isla Garraway, Nicholas George Nickols, Kyung Min Lee, Julie Ann Lynch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

179 Background: Tumor-only and/or liquid-biopsy based Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based tests, which are routinely performed in metastatic prostate cancer patients, may identify putative germline mutations. The European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) made recommendations on findings which should be referred for germline genetic testing; however, it is unknown the burden of genetic testing referrals that may result from implementation of these recommendations. We therefore determined the frequency of putative germline findings in Veterans with metastatic prostate cancer who have undergone NGS-based sequencing of tumor and/or cell-free DNA (cfDNA) on the Foundation Medicine (FMI) platform. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of Veterans with FMI NGS testing results reported from January 2019-February 2021 who had prostate cancer as the submitted diagnosis and metastatic diagnosis according to a VINCI natural language processing tool. Raw variant data were extracted from FMI reports and harmonized for variant annotation. Variants were annotated using ANNOVAR. Putative germline mutations were defined as 1) likely pathogenic or pathogenic (LP/P) by Clinvar annotation and VAF&gt; 30%. Mutation rates are reported in genes recommended by ESMO to trigger referral for germline testing in all tumor types and all ages of diagnosis and proposed prostate cancer susceptibility genes ( ATM, BARD1, CHEK2). Results: 1,597 Veterans with metastatic prostate cancer underwent FMI NGS testing (63% White, 33% African American, 4% other). Median age was 66 years, with 78.6% of cases from men &gt;60 years. Of 1,597 prostate cancer patients who underwent blood or tumor testing, n=85 (5.3%) had an LP/P mutation in an ESMO-guideline gene. When mutations in ATM, BARD1 and CHEK2 were added, n=133 (8.3%) of patients had an LP/P mutation. The most commonly identified putative germline findings were in BRCA2 (n=49 patients, 3.1%). 18 patients (1.1%) had mutations in other prostate cancer risk genes on the ESMO list ( BRCA1, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2). 18 (1.1%) of patients had putative incidental germline findings, which included mutations in PALB2, BRIP1, RAD51C, RAD51D, SDHC. No putative incidental germline mutations were identified in RET, SDHA, SDHB, SDHD, TSC2, VHL. Comparing self-identified White versus self-identified Black patients, putative germline mutation rates were nearly the same in all ESMO-referral genes combined (8.2% vs 8.5%), BRCA2 (2.9% vs 3.0%), and ATM (2.4% vs 2.1%). Conclusions: While guidelines recommend that all veterans with metastatic prostate cancer undergo germline genetic testing, significant patient and system-level barriers continue to limit access to germline genetic testing for many Veterans. Tumor-only NGS testing, with a low rate of putative incidental findings, can help to prioritize which Veterans should be referred for germline genetic testing.
Tinea Incognito
Authors: F. A. Ive, R. Marks
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Fourteen cases are described in which the local application of corticosteroid preparations to ringworm infections of the skin have resulted in unusual clinical pictures. A kerion-like lesion due to Trichophyton rubrum, intertriginous infections simulating candidiasis and due to Epidermophyton floccosum, and pictures resembling poikiloderma, papular rosacea, and indeterminate leprosy are among the changes that were seen in these patients.
Estimated Costs Associated With Management of Otosclerosis With Hearing Aids vs Surgery in Europe
Authors: Sophie Bonnafous, Jennifer Margier, Sophie Bartier, Romain Tournegros, Stéphane Tringali, Maxime Fieux
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Surgery and hearing aids have similar outcomes in terms of hearing acuity but differ in terms of cost, aesthetics, and patient quality of life. The cost-effectiveness and budget impact of otosclerosis treatments have never been studied in Europe. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare the estimated mean costs per patient over 10 years of surgery vs hearing aids for the treatment of otosclerosis and to estimate the budget impact of an increase in the proportion of patients receiving surgical treatment. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This economic evaluation analyzed French and European epidemiological data on the surgical management of symptomatic otosclerosis and compared them with data from the literature to build economic models. The analysis was conducted in January 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Two care pathways were considered in the treatment of otosclerosis, either hearing aid or surgery. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Costs were studied over 10 years using Markov models of the 2 care pathways (hearing aid vs surgery). The budget impact analysis was performed over 5 and 10 years, assuming a 1–percentage point yearly increase in the proportion of patients receiving surgical treatment. <h3>Results</h3> Over 10 years, the estimated mean cost per patient was significantly lower in the surgery group compared with the hearing aid group (€3446.9 vs €6088.4; mean difference, −€2641.5; 95% CI −€4064.8 to −€1379.4 [US $3913.4 vs US $6912.4; mean difference, −US $2999.0; 95% CI, −US $4614.9 to −US $1566.1]). Increasing surgical treatment by 1 percentage point per year for 10 years would lead to overall savings of €1 762 304 (US $2 000 798) in France, with an increase of €1 322 920 (US $1 501 952) at 10 years for the public health insurance system and a decrease of €3 085 224 (US $3 502 750) at 10 years for patients and private health insurers. Sensitivity analyses showed that these results were robust. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These results suggest that in France, treating otosclerosis surgically is slightly less expensive over 10 years than using hearing aids, when considering all payers. The proposed models developed in this study could be adjusted to perform the same analysis in other countries.
Embryonic Inductive Action of Normal and Leukemic Bone Marrow of the Rat. II.<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref>
Authors: Sulo Toivonen, Lauri Saxén
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1957)

Embryonic Inductive Action of Normal and Leukemic Bone Marrow of the Rat. II. Get access Sulo Toivonen, Sulo Toivonen Zoological Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Section II, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lauri Saxén Lauri Saxén Zoological Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Section II, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 6, December 1957, Pages 1095–1105, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.6.1095 Published: 01 December 1957 Article history Received: 25 June 1957 Published: 01 December 1957
Pancreatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 13th annual meeting. London, 16 December 1988. Selected abstracts.
Authors: S Shankar, G Russell
Journal: Gut (1989)

The need for caudal pancreatic drainage after distal pancreatic resection is uncertain.To establish a standard operative technique 88 patients after distal pancreatic resection were analysed comparing two subgroups, one with caudal pancreatojejunostomy Roux- en-y (PJ group) including 33 patients and one without (ND group) including 55 patients.The median age in years was 36 (ND) and 37 (PJ) and the delay between the onset of disease and operation was 3 5 and 3-8 years respectively.The indication for operation was uncontrolled pain in all.50% of patients in the no-drainage group had ductal strictures before resection while 45% had strictures in the PJ group.The average duration of the operative procedure in hours was 3-2 [(2-6.5)ND] and 3.97 [(2.5-5.5)PJ], operative blood loss in litres 1-9 (0.45-6.5) and 1.6 (014-6), and the length of postoperative stay 25 (10-84) and 31-5 (10-98) days respectively.Thirty four patients in the ND group and 25 in the PJ were pain free and 82% of patients in the former and 86% in the latter required no further hospital admission.It is concluded that addition of a drainage procedure to a distal pancreatic resection increases the length of the operation and period of postoperative stay without affect- ing the eventual outcome.Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA 77550) Recent reports have suggested some reduction in pancreatic cancer growth using the hormone somatostatin and the oestrogen antagonist Tamoxifen.The purpose of these studies was to assess combination therapy with these agents on pancreatic cancers with oestrogen receptors.Twenty four male nude mice were xenografted in both scapular regions with SKI and a further 24 mice were similarly xeno- grafted with PGER.SKI and PGER were transplantable human pancreatic cancers which possess similar numbers of high affinity, type I oestrogen receptors.Each tumour group of mice were randomised into four equal groups: control; SMS 201-995 100 [tg/kg tds intraperitoneally (long acting somatostatin analogue); Tamoxifen 10 mg/ kg every second day subcut; and both agents in combination.Treatment commenced on July 10,