tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combating Structural Inequities — Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Clinical and Translational Research
Authors: L. Ebony Boulware, Giselle Corbie, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Consuelo H. Wilkins, Raquel Ruiz, Alfred Vitale, Leonard E. Egede
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Interview with Dr. L. Ebony Boulware on the importance of racial and ethnic diversification and increased focus on equity in clinical and translational research. (13:19)Download If the clinical and translational research enterprise is to help resolve health crises and ensure that all people in the United States have the opportunity to live healthy lives, it must shift paradigms and begin to center equity, diversity, and inclusion in its work.
Association News
Authors: C. S. N. Hallberg
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>Transactions of the Section on Pharmacology and Therapeutics</h3> Chicago, Dec. 24, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The publication of the papers presented to the Section at the last annual session is now nearly completed. Since the transactions are of unusual interest, comprising largely subjects pertaining to the investigation and reformation of the materia medica, the complete transactions will be found in a volume and offered to the members of the Association at $1.00 a copy, which is less than cost. Since it is necessary to know how many copies to print as soon as possible, every one desiring a copy is requested to advise the secretary and to remit at once.
Moving From Political Declaration to Action on Reducing the Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Sidney C. Smith, Deborah Chen, Amy Collins, John G. Harold, Mariell Jessup, Staffan Josephson, Susanne Logstrup, Ralph L. Sacco, Panos E. Vardas, David A. Wood, William A. Zoghbi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Regulation of expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in human arterial smooth muscle cells by protein kinases Thomas K. Nordt, Susanne Baeurle, Karlheinz Peter, Burton E. Sobel, Christoph Bode. University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Merkel Cell Carcinoma Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2004)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive cutaneous tumor that combines the local recurrence rates of infiltrative non-melanoma skin cancer along with the regional and distant metastatic rates of thick melanoma. MCC has a mortality rate that exceeds that of melanoma. MCC is a rare tumor; therefore, no prospective, statistically significant data are available to verify the validity of any prognostic features or treatment outcomes. The panel relied on trends that are documented in smaller, individual studies and meta-analyses as well as their own collective experiences in developing these guidelines.For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
Inhibition of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP47 as a novel targeted therapy for hematologic malignancies expressing mutant EZH2
Authors: Jing Yang, Ellen L. Weisberg, Shuang Qi, Wei Ni, Husheng Mei, Zuowei Wang, Chengcheng Meng, Shengzhe Zhang, Mingqi Hou, Ziping Qi, Aoli Wang, Yunyun Jiang, Zongru Jiang, Tao Huang, Qingwang Liu, Robert S. Magin, Laura Doherty, Wenchao Wang, Jing Liu, Sara J. Buhrlage, Qingsong Liu, James D. Griffin
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
lncRNA HITT inhibits metastasis by attenuating Rab5-mediated endocytosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xingwen Wang, Shanliang Zheng, Fan Yang, Wenxin Zhang, Dong Zhao, Xuting Xue, Qingyu Lin, Yunfei He, Guohong Hu, Ying Hu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2022)

Endocytosis of cell surface receptors is essential for cell migration and cancer metastasis. Rab5, a small GTPase of the Rab family, is a key regulator of endosome dynamics and thus cell migration. However, how its activity is regulated still remains to be addressed. Here, we identified a Rab5 inhibitor, a long non-coding RNA, namely HITT (HIF-1α inhibitor at translation level). Our data show that HITT expression is inversely associated with advanced stages and poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients with area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) 0.6473. Further study reveals that both endogenous and exogenous HITT inhibits single-cell migration by repressing β1 integrin endocytosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Mechanistically, HITT is physically associated with Rab5 at switch I via 1248-1347 nt and suppresses β1 integrin endocytosis and subsequent cancer metastasis by interfering with guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rab5 binding. Collectively, these findings suggest that HITT directly participates in the regulation of Rab5 activity, leading to a decreased integrin internalization and cancer metastasis, which provides important insights into a mechanistic understanding of endocytosis and cancer metastasis.
Feasibility of real-time 3D echocardiography for measuring mitral valve orifice area in normal subjects and in patients with mitral stenosis Fabrice Bauer, Takahiro Shiota, Jian Xin Qin, Marta Sitges, Yong Jin Kim, James D. Thomas. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Identification of tumor tissue-derived DNA methylation biomarkers for the detection and therapy response evaluation of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer in liquid biopsies
Authors: Thomas Dillinger, Raheleh Sheibani-Tezerji, Walter Pulverer, Ines Stelzer, Melanie R. Hassler, Janine Scheibelreiter, Carlos Uziel Pérez Malla, Madeleine Kuroll, Sandra Domazet, Elisa Redl, Sarah Ely, Stefanie Brezina, Andreas Tiefenbacher, Katharina Rebhan, Nicolai Hübner, Bernhard Grubmüller, Markus Mitterhauser, Marcus Hacker, Andreas Weinhaeusel, Judit Simon, Markus Zeitlinger, Andrea Gsur, Gero Kramer, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Lukas Kenner, Gerda Egger
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)
Understanding the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Infant Development—The Preterm Problem
Authors: Mollie E. Wood, Megan Delgado, Michele Jonsson Funk
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Lauren C. Shuffrey, PhD; Morgan R. Firestein, PhD; Margaret H. Kyle, BA; Andrea Fields, MA; Carmela Alcántara, PhD; Dima Amso, PhD; Judy Austin, PhD; Jennifer M. Bain, MD, PhD; Jennifer Barbosa, MA; Mary Bence, BA; Catherine Bianco, BA; Cristina R. Fernández, MD, MPH; Sylvie Goldman, PhD; Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman, MD, MS; Violet Hott, BA; Yunzhe Hu, BA; Maha Hussain, MS; Pam Factor-Litvak, PhD; Maristella Lucchini, PhD; Arthur Mandel, MD, PhD; Rachel Marsh, PhD; Danielle McBrian, MD; Mirella Mourad, MD; Rebecca Muhle, MD, PhD; Kimberly G. Noble, MD, PhD; Anna A. Penn, MD, PhD; Cynthia Rodriguez, BA; Ayesha Sania, ScD; Wendy G. Silver, MD, MA; Kally C. O'Reilly, PhD; Melissa Stockwell, MD; Nim Tottenham, PhD; Martha G. Welch, MD; Noelia Zork, MD; William P. Fifer, PhD; Catherine Monk, PhD; Dani Dumitriu, MD, PhD
American Medical Association.
Authors: Chas. A. L. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE ANTIVIVISECTION BILL.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Real-Time Infectious Disease Modeling to Inform Emergency Public Health Decision Making
Authors: Anna Bershteyn, Hae-Young Kim, R. Scott Braithwaite
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2022)

Infectious disease transmission is a nonlinear process with complex, sometimes unintuitive dynamics. Modeling can transform information about a disease process and its parameters into quantitative projections that help decision makers compare public health response options. However, modelers face methodologic challenges, data challenges, and communication challenges, which are exacerbated under the time constraints of a public health emergency. We review methods, applications, challenges and opportunities for real-time infectious disease modeling during public health emergencies, with examples drawn from the two deadliest pandemics in recent history: HIV/AIDS and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
BAMM (BRAF Autophagy and MEK Inhibition in Melanoma): A Phase I/II Trial of Dabrafenib, Trametinib, and Hydroxychloroquine in Advanced <i>BRAFV600</i>-mutant Melanoma
Authors: Janice M. Mehnert, Tara C. Mitchell, Alexander C. Huang, Tomas S. Aleman, Benjamin J. Kim, Lynn M. Schuchter, Gerald P. Linette, Giorgos C. Karakousis, Sheryl Mitnick, Lydia Giles, Mary Carberry, Noelle Frey, Andrew Kossenkov, Roman Groisberg, Leonel F. Hernandez-Aya, George Ansstas, Ann W. Silk, Sunandana Chandra, Jeffrey A. Sosman, Phyllis A. Gimotty, Rosemarie Mick, Ravi K. Amaravadi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Autophagy is a resistance mechanism to BRAF/MEK inhibition in BRAFV600-mutant melanoma. Here we used hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to inhibit autophagy in combination with dabrafenib 150 mg twice daily and trametinib 2 mg every day (D+T).
Identification of a regulatory pathway inhibiting adipogenesis via RSPO2
Authors: Hua Dong, Wenfei Sun, Yang Shen, Miroslav Baláz, Lucia Balázová, Lianggong Ding, Mona Löffler, Bradford Hamilton, Nora Klöting, Matthias Blüher, Heike Neubauer, Holger Klein, Christian Wolfrum
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2022)

Abstract Healthy adipose tissue remodeling depends on the balance between de novo adipogenesis from adipogenic progenitor cells and the hypertrophy of adipocytes. De novo adipogenesis has been shown to promote healthy adipose tissue expansion, which confers protection from obesity-associated insulin resistance. Here, we define the role and trajectory of different adipogenic precursor subpopulations and further delineate the mechanism and cellular trajectory of adipogenesis, using single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of murine adipogenic precursors. We identify Rspo2 as a functional regulator of adipogenesis, which is secreted by a subset of CD142 + cells to inhibit maturation of early progenitors through the receptor Lgr4. Increased circulating RSPO2 in mice leads to adipose tissue hypertrophy and insulin resistance and increased RSPO2 levels in male obese individuals correlate with impaired glucose homeostasis. Taken together, these findings identify a complex cellular crosstalk that inhibits adipogenesis and impairs adipose tissue homeostasis.
Getting Africa on the front page
Authors: None The Lancet
Journal: The Lancet (2005)

Of every ten people infected with the Marburg virus in Angola, at least nine are dead in a fortnight. More than 230 people have died of the haemorrhagic fever caused by Marburg virus and the outbreak, which began last October in Uige province, is still uncontrolled, despite the efforts of WHO, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Médecins Sans Frontières. That number may jump as deaths outside hospitals continue to be discovered and if speculation that this version of the virus is a more deadly recombinant strain turns out to be true.
Leads from the MMWR. Recommendations for the prevention of malaria in travelers
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quitting Smoking At or Around Diagnosis Improves the Overall Survival of Lung Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Saverio Caini, Marco Del Riccio, Virginia Vettori, Vieri Scotti, Chiara Martinoli, Sara Raimondi, Giulio Cammarata, Domenico Palli, Marco Banini, Giovanna Masala, Sara Gandini
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
Circulating tumor DNA-based genomic landscape of early-onset pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Reagan Barnett, Hiba I. Dada, Leylah Drusbosky, Keelia Clemens, Howard S. Hochster, Pat Gulhati
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

588 Background: The incidence of gastrointestinal and obesity related cancers, including pancreatic cancer, is increasing in individuals &lt;50 years old. Early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC; age&lt;50 years old at diagnosis) is characterized by higher incidence in males, enrichment for KRAS wild-type tumors with targetable genomic alterations (GAs), and improved outcomes compared to average-onset pancreatic cancer (AOPC; age&gt;50 years old at diagnosis). Little is known about the genomic correlates underlying these clinical differences. In this study, we sought to characterize the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) landscape in EOPC compared to AOPC. Methods: We analyzed ctDNA samples from a total of 8548 patients (EOPC n=488 [age&lt;30yo n=13, 30-39yo n=87, 40-49yo n=388]; AOPC n=8060) collected prospectively between December 2017 to March 2021 using a 73 gene next generation sequencing panel (Guardant360). Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of the 488 EOPC patients, 261 (53%) were male and 227 (47%) were female. Median age was 45yo in EOPC and 69yo in AOPC. Contrary to prior reports from tissue-based sequencing studies, EOPC patients were more likely to harbor KRAS alterations (p≤0.0001), specifically KRAS G12V (p≤0.0072) and KRAS amplifications (p≤0.0001). 1.24% of pancreatic cancer patients harbored KRAS G12C mutations; 0.05% were in EOPC patients. The most common currently-targetable GAs identified in EOPC were PIK3CA (10%), BRCA1/2 (10%), EGFR (9%), BRAF (7%), MET (7%), ATM (7%), FGFR1/2 (7%), CDK6 (5%), and ERBB2 (4%). EOPC patients had higher proportion of targetable GAs in BRCA2 (p≤0.041), MET (p≤0.005), and PIK3CA (p≤0.0023) compared to AOPC. Conversely, AOPC patients had higher proportion of GAs in TP53 (p≤0.0001) and ATM (p≤0.0001). MSI-high and TMB-high were detected in 0.07% and 0.06% of EOPC patients respectively, while 0.6% and 1.7% AOPC patients were MSI-high and TMB-high. Gene fusions were detected in 0.3% pancreatic cancer patients, predominantly in FGFR2 (0.2%) and FGFR3 (0.02%). Potential germline variants were detected in both EOPC and AOPC patients, most commonly in BRCA2 (54%). Females displayed higher proportion of TP53 (p&lt;0.0001), EGFR (p&lt;0.0029), CDKN2A (p&lt;0.0001), BRCA2 (p&lt;0.0336) and ATM (p&lt;0.0001) mutations compared to males. Gender was predictive of the pattern of GAs in EOPC with MET (p≤0.0027) , ARID1A (p≤0.0376) , and BRAF (p≤0.0034) alterations enriched in males, and PIK3CA (p≤0.0017) alterations enriched in females. Conclusions: This study represents the first large-scale blood-based ctDNA genomic profiling of EOPC. Based on this age and gender-stratified molecular characterization of pancreatic cancer, EOPC is a distinct molecular entity compared to AOPC. Identification of multiple targetable GAs may improve patient outcomes in EOPC, especially when a tissue biopsy is not feasible or sufficient for comprehensive genomic profiling.
Elevation of pericardial fluid matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) level is closely associated with left ventricular dilation and myocardial remodeling Shoichi Miyamoto, Noritoshi Nagaya, Keiichi Tambara, Tomoyuki Iwase, Kinzo Ueda, Ario Yamazato, Shun-ichi Tamaki, Masashi Komeda, Masatoshi Fujita. Takeda Hospital, Kyoto, Japan, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide reduces the need for echocardiography in the diagnosis of heart failure in the general population Bjoern A. Groenning, Ilan Raymond, Frants Pedersen, Jens C. Nilsson, Matthias Baumann, J�rgen Trawinski, Per R. Hildebrandt. Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, H:S Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Integrated Health Care Solutions, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Novel method for in vivo calculation of absolute shear stress at any location of a stented human coronary artery Attila Thury, Jolanda J. Wentzel, Elbert H. Janssen, Rob Krams, Jan A. Oomen, Johan C. H. Schuurbiers, Jurgen M. R. Ligthart, Patrick W. Serruys, Cornelis J. Slager. Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Laboratory of Hemodynamics, Thoraxcenter, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
在 2019 年新型冠状病毒疾病 (COVID‐19) 疫情期间, 银屑病或关节病患者的隔离因治疗类型而异
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

在疫情早期采取保持社交/身体距离等公共卫生措施, 以限制 COVID-19 的传播。对于严重感染风险更高的患者组, 建议采 取称为"隔离" (不离家, 尽量减少所有面对面接触) 的更严格的措施。对于很多服用会影响免疫系统的药物来治疗银屑病 或关节病 (例如类风湿性关节炎) 的人, 建议通过隔离降低发生 COVID-19 的风险。我们想了解哪些因素会影响采取 (或严 格遵从) 该建议的程度。 为了尝试回答这一重要问题, 我们邀请银屑病或关节病患者 (无论是否患有 COVID-19) 提供有关他们是否在疫情期间被隔 离的信息
Gα<sub>12</sub> overexpression in hepatocytes by ER stress exacerbates acute liver injury via ROCK1-mediated miR-15a and ALOX12 dysregulation
Authors: Jihoon Tak, Yun Seok Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Gil-Chun Park, Shin Hwang, Sang Geon Kim
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Rationale: Liver injury must be further characterized to identify novel therapeutic approaches.Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may cause hepatocyte death.Gα12 affects cell viability and its expression varies depending on physiological conditions.This study investigated whether hepatocyte-specific Gα12 overexpression affects acute liver injury, and if so, what the underlying mechanisms and treatment strategies are.Methods: All experiments were performed using human liver, hepatocytes, and toxicant injury models with Gna12 KO and/or hepatocyte-specific Gα12 overexpression.RNA-sequencing, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, reporter assays, and mutation assays were conducted.Results: Hepatic Gα12 was overexpressed in mice challenged with acetaminophen or other ER stress inducers or in patients with acute liver injury or fibrosis/cirrhosis.Several Gα12 and ER-associated pathways were identified using transcriptomic analysis.Acetaminophen intoxication was characterized by lipid peroxide-induced ferroptosis and was less severe in Gα12-deficient animals and cells.Conversely, Gα12 overexpression in wild-type or Gna12 KO hepatocytes increased hepatotoxicity, promoting lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and ferroptosis.IRE1α-dependent Xbp1 transactivated Gna12.Moreover, Gα12 overexpression enhanced the ability of acetaminophen to induce ALOX12, while downregulating GPX4.The level of miR-15a, herein identified as an ALOX12 inhibitor, was decreased.siRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of ROCK1 prevented dysregulation of ALOX12 and GPX4, rescuing animals from toxicant-induced ferroptosis.These changes or correlations among the targets were confirmed in human liver specimens and datasets of livers exposed to other injurious medications.Conclusions: Gα12 overexpression by ER stress facilitates hepatocyte ferroptosis through ROCK1-mediated dysregulation of ALOX12, and miR-15a, supporting the concept that inhibition of Gα12 overexpression and/or ROCK1 axis may constitute a promising strategy for acute liver injury.
EDITORIAL NOTES.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal