tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Procalcitonin Assays to Predict Serious Bacterial Infection in Young Febrile Infants
Authors: Philip N. Britton
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
195P Brain and heart in cancer patients: A population-based study
Authors: M. Safi, M. Al-Radhi, R. Kanesvaran, D. Trapani, S. Mazher, M. Alnusaif, A. Aldanakh, S. Baldi, Y. Moeed, H. Al-Dubai, X. Sun, X. Shan, M. Ameen, J. Liu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Concurrent hydralazine administration prevents nitroglycerin-induced hemodynamic tolerance in experimental heart failure.
Authors: J ABauer, H LFung
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDOrganic nitrates such as nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate are useful in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF), but tolerance develops rapidly during continuous administration. Because combination therapy of nitrate and hydralazine has been shown to provide both short- and long-term benefit but nitrate alone produces hemodynamic tolerance, we questioned whether hydralazine can preserve the favorable preload effects of nitroglycerin.METHODS AND RESULTSUsing an in vivo model of nitroglycerin tolerance in the CHF rat, we examined the effects of hydralazine bolus dosing during continuous nitroglycerin infusion. Continuous infusion of nitroglycerin alone (10 micrograms/min) produced initial reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 40-50%, which returned to baseline by 8 hours (tolerance development). Coadministration of hydralazine (2 x 0.1 mg) maintained the effects of nitroglycerin infusion on left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (45% reduction at 10 hours). This h...
Molecular Biomarkers of Response to Eribulin in Patients with Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Agnieszka Wozniak, Bram Boeckx, Elodie Modave, Amy Weaver, Diether Lambrechts, Bruce A. Littlefield, Patrick Schöffski
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: A randomized phase III study evaluated the efficacy of eribulin versus dacarbazine in patients with advanced liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Improved overall survival (OS) led to approval of eribulin for liposarcoma, but not for leiomyosarcoma. Experimental Design: We explored the molecular profile of 77 archival leiomyosarcoma samples from this trial to identify potential predictive biomarkers, utilizing low-coverage whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing. Tumor molecular profiles were correlated with clinical data, and disease control was defined as complete/partial response or stable disease (RECIST v1.1). Results: Overall, 111 focal copy-number alterations were observed in leiomyosarcoma. Gain of chromosome 17q12 was the most common event, present in 43 of 77 cases (56%). In the eribulin-treated group, gains of 4q26, 20p12.2, 13q13.3, 8q22.2, and 8q13.2 and loss of 1q44 had a negative impact on progression-free survival (PFS), while loss of 2p12 correlated with better prognosis. Gains of 4q22.1 and losses of 3q14.2, 2q14.1, and 11q25 had a negative impact on OS in patients with leiomyosarcoma receiving eribulin. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53 (38%), MUC16 (32%), and ATRX (17%). The presence of ATRX mutations had a negative impact on PFS in both treatment arms; however, the correlation with worse OS was observed only in the eribulin-treated patients. TP53 mutations were associated with longer PFS on eribulin. Conclusions: Leiomyosarcoma has a complex genetic background, with multiple copy-number alterations and mutations affecting genes implicated in tumorigenesis. We identified several molecular changes with potential impact on survival of patients with leiomyosarcoma when treated with eribulin.
Effects of selective and nonselective beta-adrenergic blockade on mechanisms of exercise conditioning.
Authors: E EWolfel, W RHiatt, H LBrammell, M RCarry, S PRingel, VTravis, L DHorwitz
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Exercise conditioning involves adaptations in the heart, peripheral circulation, and trained skeletal muscle that result in improved exercise capacity. Since the specific influence of beta-adrenergic stimulation on these various adaptations has not been clear, we studied the effect of beta 1-selective and nonselective beta-adrenergic blockade on the exercise conditioning response of 24 healthy, sedentary men after an intensive 6 week aerobic training program. Subjects randomly assigned to receive placebo, 50 mg bid atenolol, or 40 mg bid nadolol were tested before and after training both on and off drugs. Comparable reductions in maximal exercise heart rate occurred with atenolol and nadolol, indicating equivalent beta 1-adrenergic blockade. Vascular beta 2-adrenergic selectivity was maintained with atenolol as determined by calf plethysmography during intravenous infusion of epinephrine. All subjects trained at greater than 85% of maximal heart rate and 80% of VO2 max determined on drug. VO2 max increase...
Evaluation of precordial electrocardiographic mapping as a means of assessing changes in myocardial ischemic injury.
Authors: J EMuller, P RMaroko, EBraunwald
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Precordial electrocardiographic mapping has been proposed as a method for evaluating the extent of myocardial injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction. To assess the relationship between direct measures of myocardial cell damage and findings obtained by precordial mapping, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded in dogs instrumented for simultaneous recording of epicardial and precordial electrocardiograms. The sum in millivolts of ST-segment elevation recorded from 30 electrodes placed in a Silastic grid sutured to the epicardium (EPIsigmaST) was compared to that recorded from 30 precordial electrodes (PresigmaST). While ischemic injury was: 1) maintained constant with a fixed occlusion; 2) reduced by partial reperfusion; 3) increased by addition of a second occlusion; or 4) increased repeatedly by intermittent infusions of isoproterenol, EPIsigmaST and PresigmaST were always closely correlated in each of the 16 dogs studied: r equal 0.92 plus or minus 0.01 (SEM). In se...
Multilevel atrioventricular block.
Authors: B DKosowsky, PLatif, A MRadoff
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Arrhythmias displaying conduction disturbances consistent with block at more than one level within the atrioventricular conduction system were seen in 36 patients during a two year period in a community hospital. Two levels of block were postulated in each patient; one patient also demonstrated a third level of block. In 24 patients (Type A), there was an integral conduction ratio at the upper level of block. This pattern was most frequently seen in atrial flutter (mean atrial rate 284 +/- 35 beats/min) with 2:1 block at the upper level and Wenckebach at the lower level. Progression to 2:1 block at the lower level resulted in 4:1 block. Twelve patients (Type B) had a nonintegral conduction ratio of their block at the upper level with a mean atrial rate of 162 +/- 62 beats/min. Their conduction patterns consisted of Wenckebach block at the upper level with either integral (2:1) or nonintegral (Wenckebach) block at the lower level. The presence of multilevel block was not related to specific etiological dia...
Coronary angiographic examination with the dynamic spatial reconstructor.
Authors: MBlock, A ABove, E LRitman
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The dynamic spatial reconstructor (DSR), a high temporal resolution, three-dimensional roentgenographic, computed tomography scanner, was used to scan the coronary arteries of five dogs. After one injection of contrast medium into the left main coronary artery or into the aortic root of each dog, all major epicardial coronary arteries and the septal artery could be imaged. After selective removal of all nonangiographically enhanced anatomical structures within the three-dimensional images, pseudo three-dimensional displays were generated to show the arteries from all possible views--even the strictly cranial view--so that superposition of arteries could be avoided. The geometric accuracy of the images was evaluated by comparing coronary arterial segment length measured by the DSR with postmortem measurements (r = .99, SEE = 3.12 mm, n = 35) and by measuring the stenosis produced by nine hollow plastic cylinders lodged in coronary arterial lumina via percutaneous catheterization. Three of the plugs had irr...
Davis-Christopher Textbook of Surgery. The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The 11th edition of Sabiston's book is not just a text, it is a one-volume encyclopedia/p2,465 pages, 207 authors (all but three from the United States and Canada), 1,805 illustrations, 59 sections, and 20 chapters. The index (113 pages) is as large as some texts. Perhaps the sheer bulk of this volume, which aspires to be a text in basic science as it applies to surgical disease, is its weakness as well as its strength. After all, the mastodons outgrew their ability to survive in a hostile world! But size and scope apart, this is a marvelous volume. It retains its charm and interest. Even on the first page, we learn that 39% of wild apes have healed fractures\p=m-\emphasizingthat many diseases cure themselves. The historical sections are unique, the commentaries on the bibliographies valuable, and the innovative chapters (exams, computers, immunobiology of cancer) novel and valuable. New chapters mentioning progress since the last edition include Coronary Artery Disease, Multiple Endocrine Tumors, Intensive Care Units, Arteriography, Endoscopy and GI Bleeding, Orthopedics, Fluid and Electrolytes, and Preand Post¬ operative Care. The section on transplantation is too long (126 pages) but reflects editorial philosophy, namely, to stress what is
Deranged liver function in pregnancy
Authors: Afra Jiwa, Adam D Jakes, Anita Banerjee
Journal: BMJ (2021)

A 26 year old Black African woman attended the emergency department at 11 weeks and three days’ gestation into her second pregnancy with persistent daily vomiting over the past five weeks and associated lower abdominal pain. She had been taking paracetamol 1 g four times daily over the past four weeks for ongoing tension-type headaches. Table 1 shows baseline observations and observations taken at her first midwife appointment at 10 weeks. Her body mass index (weight (kg)/(height (m)2)) was 16.9. On examination, she was clinically dehydrated and her mucous membranes were dry. Her abdomen was soft and non-tender and her liver was not palpable. The rest of the clinical examination was unremarkable. The results of urine analysis were within normal range. Blood test results showed deranged liver function (table 2). She had no history of alcohol misuse, recreational drug use, or foreign travel.

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Table 1 
Observations at first midwife appointment and on presentation at …
Left ventricular chamber filling and midwall fiber lengthening in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: overestimation of fiber velocities by conventional midwall measurements.
Authors: GShimizu, M RZile, A SBlaustein, W HGaasch
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Observations that the inner (subendocardial) half of the left ventricular wall contributes more to total left ventricular wall thickening than the outer (subepicardial) half may have important implications in the analysis of myocardial fiber length transients. Accordingly, we measured endocardial and midwall shortening and lengthening rates in normal and hypertrophic heart and compared the results obtained with conventional methods of measurement with those obtained with a modified model that does not depend on use of conventional assumptions about the midwall. This modified (two-shell) cylindrical model) method considers the substantial contribution of inner wall thickening and thus does not require the assumption of a theoretical midwall fiber that remains at the midwall throughout the cardiac cycle. Echocardiographic data from six normal subjects and six patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were examined; left ventricular wall thickness ranged from 8 to 10 mm in normal subjects a...
Myocardial inotropic responses to aggregating platelets and modulation by the endocardium.
Authors: A MShah, A LMeulemans, D LBrutsaert
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Ventricular mural thrombi complicate many cardiac diseases. The endocardial endothelium can modulate the mechanical performance of subjacent myocardium and mediate responses to certain physiopharmacologic agents. We studied the effects of aggregating platelets on the contractile performance of isolated cardiac muscle. The role of the endocardium was investigated by selectively damaging it by very brief (1 second) exposure to 1% Triton X-100 in some muscle preparations before experiments. Cat papillary muscles (n = 54) were attached to an electromagnetic length-tension transducer in organ baths containing Krebs-Ringer solution (1.25 mM Ca2+, 35 degrees C), and stimulated electrically at 0.2 Hz. Homologous washed platelets (final concentration 3 x 10(11)/l) aggregated spontaneously on addition to baths. Mechanical performance increased significantly more in muscles with damaged endocardium than in intact muscles (p less than 0.05); total peak isometric twitch tension increased by 31.8 +/- 7.8% (with damaged...
Characteristics of reflection as a mechanism of reentrant arrhythmias and its relationship to parasystole.
Authors: CAntzelevitch, JJalife, G KMoe
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A model of  was developed in a sucrose gap preparation of Purkinje fibers. In this preparation, a driven impulse on the proximal side of a sucrose gap is electrotonically transmitted after a delay to the tissue distal to the gap. When the delay is long enough, electrotonic transmission in the reverse direction over the same blocked segment can reexcite the proximal segment. Frequency-dependent alterations of patterns of ectopic activity were qualitatively similar to those of a parasystolic model and to those described in previous in vivo demonstrations presumed to represent circus movement reentry. Moderate changes of frequency or in the degree of block were shown to convert a manifest bigeminal rhythm to a trigeminal or more complex rhythm with or without intervening periods of silence. Our observations suggest that reflection and parasystolic pacemaker activity are examples of a continuous spectrum of ectopic impulse generation.
Long-Term Outcomes in ICU Patients with Delirium: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Kirsten M. Fiest, Andrea Soo, Chel Hee Lee, Daniel J. Niven, E. Wesley Ely, Christopher J. Doig, Henry T. Stelfox
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Rationale: Delirium is common in the ICU and portends worse ICU and hospital outcomes. The effect of delirium in the ICU on post-hospital discharge mortality and health resource use is less well known. Objectives: To estimate mortality and health resource use 2.5 years after hospital discharge in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. Methods: This was a population-based, propensity score-matched, retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to 1 of 14 medical-surgical ICUs from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016. Delirium was measured by using the 8-point Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist. The primary outcome was mortality. The secondary outcome was a composite measure of subsequent emergency department visits, hospital readmission, or mortality. Measurements and Main Results: There were 5,936 propensity score-matched patients with and without a history of incident delirium who survived to hospital discharge. Delirium was associated with increased mortality 0-30 days after hospital discharge (hazard ratio, 1.44 [95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.92]). There was no significant difference in mortality more than 30 days after hospital discharge (delirium: 3.9%, no delirium: 2.6%). There was a persistent increased risk of emergency department visits, hospital readmissions, or mortality after hospital discharge (hazard ratio, 1.12 [95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.17]) throughout the study period. Conclusions: ICU delirium is associated with increased mortality 0-30 days after hospital discharge.
Use of endovascular stents in congenital heart disease.
Authors: M PO'Laughlin, S BPerry, J ELock, C EMullins
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDBalloon expandable intravascular stents have been used to support vessel walls in coronary and peripheral arteries in adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of these stents in the treatment of congenital heart disease.METHODS AND RESULTSForty-five stents were placed in 30 patients, who were 0.2-30.2 years old (weight, 3.5-76 kg). Patients with areas of stenosis that were difficult to approach surgically were chosen. Stents were mounted over balloons and placed by standard catheterization techniques. Twenty-three patients had branch pulmonary artery stenosis. Thirty-six stents were placed successfully and had reduced pressure gradients from 50.6 +/- 24 to 15.9 +/- 13.4 mm Hg. Five patients had stents placed after atrial surgery: three in obstructed Fontan repairs, one at the superior vena cava-right atrial junction after sinus venous defect repair, and one at the site of a Glenn shunt. Atrial stents reduced pressure gradients from 9.8 +/- 8.2 to 2.0 +/- 2.6 mm Hg...
Importance of left atrial function in patients with myocardial infarction.
Authors: YMatsuda, YToma, HOgawa, MMatsuzaki, KKatayama, TFujii, FYoshino, KMoritani, TKumada, RKusukawa
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Left atrial function was evaluated in patients with and without remote myocardial infarction. The simultaneous left atrial pressure recording and left atrial and left ventricular cineangiograms were obtained with a catheter-tip micromanometer. The pressure-volume curve of the left atrium was composed of an A-loop and a V-loop. The ratio of active atrial emptying to left ventricular stroke volume in patients with myocardial infarction was significantly larger than that in normal subjects (42 +/- 12% vs 29 +/- 10%, p less than 0.05). The left atrial work was also significantly greater in patients with myocardial infarction (1690 +/- 717 mm Hg X ml) than in normal subjects (940 +/- 426 mm Hg X ml, p less than 0.05). The ratio of active atrial emptying to left ventricular stroke volume and left atrial work were significantly related in both normal subjects and patients with myocardial infarction (gamma = 0.72, p less than 0.01). The left ventricular ejection fraction correlated inversely with left atrial work...
Regulation of plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: interpretation of data on low-density lipoprotein turnover in man.
Authors: J BMeddings, J MDietschy
Journal: Circulation (1986)

At the present time the most useful technique with which to examine the kinetics of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in vivo is the labeled LDL turnover study. However, a major limitation of this method is that, despite its ability to accurately measure both the plasma LDL concentration and LDL production rate, it cannot directly quantify LDL receptor activity. The present study defines the equations that describe the relationship between LDL cholesterol production rate, LDL receptor number, and plasma LDL cholesterol concentration. These equations provide a method that allows calculation of total LDL receptor activity based on the results of an LDL turnover study. With the use of this technique and data from previously published series, the effects of the genetic absence of receptors, aging, and the treatment of hypercholesterolemia with mevinolin on LDL cholesterol kinetics were analyzed.
Evidence for the existence of a family of biologically active angiotensin I-like peptides in the dog central nervous system.
Authors: AHusain, F MBumpus, R RSmeby, K BBrosnihan, M CKhosla, R CSpeth, C MFerrario
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

A family of angiotensin I-like peptides has been derived from endogenous precursors present in dog cerebrospinal fluid after incubation with species homologous renin. These peptides are immunologically and pharmacologically similar to [Ile5]angiotensin I, and have molecular weights ranging between 1300 and 2200 daltons. The presence of precursors in the cerebrospinal fluid able to generate various biologically active angiotensin I-like peptides dissimilar to plasma angiotensin I supports the concept of a local angiotensin I-forming system in the brain.
Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of mitral stenosis.
Authors: P MNichol, B WGilbert, J AKisslo
Journal: Circulation (1977)

A real-time, phased-array, two-dimensional echocardiography system was used to assess mitral valve motion in 30 catheterized patients with pure mitral stenosis. Suitable images for analysis of mitral valve motion were obtained in 25 patients. The valve leaflets were most thickened and immobile at the leaflet tips while maximum mobility was at the leaflet body. Diastolic movement of anterior mitral leaflet toward the septum pulled the posterior mitral leaflet mid-portion inferiorly. Systolic bulging of the mid-portion of the anterior mitral leaflet into the left atrium was seen in 40% (10 of 25). Movement of the anterior mitral leaflet in diastole is primarily due to movement of the whole mitral apparatus in patients with mitral stenosis. The anterior mitral leaflet E to F slopes did not correlate (r=0.38) with the mitral valve area determined at catheterization. Planimetry of the mitral valve area directly from the videotape images compared favorably to the valve area determined at catheterization (r=0.95...
Large scale purification of hog renin. Physicochemical characterization.
Authors: PCorvol, CDevaux, TIto, PSicard, JDucloux, JMenard
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Renin was purified from 47 kg of hog kidney to produce enough enzyme for enzymatic and physicochemical characterization. The procedure included extraction at pH 3.5 in the presence of protease inhibitors, two ammonium sulfate precipitations, ion exchange chromatography on Sepharose-hexamethylenediamino-pepstatin gel, gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing. Renin, 2.3 mg, with a specific activity of 1,100 GU/mg of protein was obtained with about 70,000-fold purification and 16% overall recovery. The purity criteria were: (1) a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis, (2) same retardation factor on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for renin activity, protein and glycoprotein coloration. Renin was characterized by its stability at--20 degrees C, pH 6.5; its molecular weight on SDS-gel electrophoresis, 36,800; its relative mobility on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 7.8; its isoelectric point, 5.15; its amino acid composition, which revealed that renin is a glycoprotein; a...