tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metastasis-Initiating Cells and Ecosystems
Authors: Joan Massagué, Karuna Ganesh
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Abstract Metastasis is initiated and sustained through therapy by cancer cells with stem-like and immune-evasive properties, termed metastasis-initiating cells (MIC). Recent progress suggests that MICs result from the adoption of a normal regenerative progenitor phenotype by malignant cells, a phenotype with intrinsic programs to survive the stresses of the metastatic process, undergo epithelial–mesenchymal transitions, enter slow-cycling states for dormancy, evade immune surveillance, establish supportive interactions with organ-specific niches, and co-opt systemic factors for growth and recurrence after therapy. Mechanistic understanding of the molecular mediators of MIC phenotypes and host tissue ecosystems could yield cancer therapeutics to improve patient outcomes. Significance: Understanding the origins, traits, and vulnerabilities of progenitor cancer cells with the capacity to initiate metastasis in distant organs, and the host microenvironments that support the ability of these cells to evade immune surveillance and regenerate the tumor, is critical for developing strategies to improve the prevention and treatment of advanced cancer. Leveraging recent progress in our understanding of the metastatic process, here we review the nature of MICs and their ecosystems and offer a perspective on how this knowledge is informing innovative treatments of metastatic cancers.
The renin-angiotensin system and volume overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor versus angiotensin II receptor blocker.
Authors: MRuzicka, BYuan, EHarmsen, F HLeenen
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThe degree of cardiac hypertrophy is not only load dependent: Among other factors, the renin-angiotensin system may play a role in the regulation of cardiac myocyte growth.METHODS AND RESULTSTo evaluate the role of the renin-angiotensin system in volume overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, we assessed: 1) the time course of changes in cardiac hemodynamics, cardiac anatomy, and plasma and cardiac renin activity in response to volume overload induced by two sizes of abdominal aortocaval shunt and 2) the effects of chronic treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) versus an angiotensin II receptor blocker on hemodynamics and cardiac hypertrophy. Drug treatment started 3 days before shunt surgery. An increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the development of right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) eccentric hypertrophy in response to volume overload occurred within the first week after induction of the shunt. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and ca...
Substrate competition in postischemic myocardium. Effect of substrate availability during reperfusion on metabolic and contractile recovery in isolated rat hearts.
Authors: CTamm, RBenzi, IPapageorgiou, ITardy, RLerch
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Normal myocardium can derive energy for contraction and relaxation from oxidative metabolism of a variety of substrates. This investigation examined the influence of substrate availability early during reperfusion on the substrate pattern of oxidative metabolism and recovery of contractile function. For this purpose, isovolumically beating isolated rat hearts, perfused retrogradely with erythrocyte-supplemented buffer containing 0.4 mmol/L palmitate and 11 mmol/L glucose, were subjected to 40 minutes of no-flow ischemia. Hearts were reperfused with medium containing selected concentrations of palmitate and glucose. The substrate pattern for oxidative metabolism was determined on the basis of myocardial release of 14CO2 after equilibration of the hearts during the initial 15 minutes of reperfusion with either [1-14C]palmitate or [U-14C]glucose. In continuously perfused control hearts, glucose oxidation was largely inhibited by palmitate. During postischemic reperfusion, oxidation of glucose was increased b...
Factors influencing vascular hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin II.
Authors: RAdamick, M EGold, SHayes, RColeman, J TMcCreary, SSabatini, J AArruda, N AKurtzman
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Bartter's syndrome is characterized, in part, by hyporesponsiveness to the pressor effect of exogenous angiotensin II (AII). This has been attributed to volume contraction, hypokalemia, and/or increased prostaglandin (PG) levels. In order to investigate factors responsible for a diminished response to the pressor effect of AII, rats were made hypokalemic or volume contracted and hypokalemic (VCHK) by dietary restriction. AII sensitivity was examined by determining the dose of AII required to raise the mean arterial pressure 20 mm Hg. When compared with control rats. VCHK and hypokalemic rats were significantly less sensitive to AII. VCHK rats were significantly less sensitive to AII than hypokalemic rats. Both experimental groups were similarly hypokalemic, but plasma renin activity (PRA) of VCHK only was greater than control values. In VCHK rats, acute K+ restoration partially corrected AII hyporesponsiveness, although plasma K+ increased to normal. In VCHK rats, acute volume expansion with normal saline...
Response to Comment on: American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2011. Diabetes Care 2011;34(Suppl. 1):S11–S61
Authors: Carol H. Wysham, M. Sue Kirkman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter of Basevi et al. (1). The new recommendations by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening and diagnosis are level B recommendations (“supportive evidence from well-conducted cohort studies”). As described in our Standards of Medical Care (2), the ADA adopted the consensus recommendations of an international group convened by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), on the basis of the group's extensive review of published and unpublished data from the multinational Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study. The cut points chosen represent those that confer an odds ratio of …
Enhanced myogenic depolarization in hypertensive cerebral arterial muscle.
Authors: D RHarder, JSmeda, JLombard
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

We have previously demonstrated pressure-dependent membrane depolarization and action potential generation in cat cerebral arteries. It was the purpose of this study to examine and compare the membrane electrical responses to increasing transmural pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats with those of their normotensive Wistar-Kyoto controls. It was found that at transmural pressures from 40-160 mm Hg, spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral arterial muscle depolarized more than normotensive counterparts. Pressure-induced action potentials could be recorded from arterial segments from both animal strains; however, the amplitude and upstroke velocity was significantly greater in spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral arterial muscle. These data suggest that there are altered ionic permeabilities in spontaneously hypertensive rat cerebral arterial muscle which result in enhanced response to increasing transmural pressure. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Home versus group exercise training for increasing functional capacity after myocardial infarction.
Authors: N HMiller, W LHaskell, KBerra, R FDeBusk
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To evaluate the efficacy of exercise training for increasing functional capacity in the 6 months after clinically uncomplicated myocardial infarction, 198 men 52 +/- 9 years of age participated in a training study. They were randomly assigned to one of four exercise protocols: 8 to 26 weeks of training at home (group 1, n = 66) or in a group program (group 2, n = 61) following treadmill testing performed 3 weeks after infarction, treadmill testing at 3 weeks without subsequent training (group 3, n = 34), and treadmill testing for the first time at 26 weeks (control, n = 37). At 26 weeks functional capacity was significantly higher in patients training at home or in a group program than that in patients without training or in control patients: 8.1 +/- 1.5, 8.5 +/- 1.3, 7.5 +/- 1.8, and 7.0 +/- 1.7 METs, respectively (p less than .05 and p less than .001). No significant differences in functional capacity were noted between patients training at home and those in a group program. No training-related complica...
Effects of a single bolus of urokinase in patients with life-threatening pulmonary emboli: a descriptive trial.
Authors: PPetitpretz, GSimmoneau, JCerrina, DMusset, MDreyfus, M DVandenbroek, PDuroux
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To evaluate hemodynamic, angiographic, and biological effects of a single bolus of urokinase, an open descriptive trial was conducted in a homogeneous group of 14 patients with acute life-threatening pulmonary emboli and without prior cardiopulmonary disease. For every patient the efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by comparing control and posttherapeutic values after the bolus injection of 15,000 IU/kg body weight urokinase (urinary source) administered in 10 min in the right atrium, followed by continuous intravenous full-dose heparin therapy. In two patients clinical status, hemodynamics, vascular obstruction, and biological (fibrinogen and plasminogen levels) parameters remained unchanged. One of these two patients died, making the mortality rate for the whole group 7%. Twelve of 14 patients showed rapid clinical improvement. Evaluation at 12 hr demonstrated significant decreases in pulmonary vascular obstruction (Miller index, 34%), total pulmonary vascular resistances (37%), and fibrinogen and ...
Association of Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Posttraumatic Psychological Growth Among US Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Robert H. Pietrzak, Jack Tsai, Steven M. Southwick
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

This survey study uses self-reported data from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study to assess the association of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with posttraumatic psychological growth among US veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The prognostic significance of serial exercise testing after myocardial infarction.
Authors: MSami, HKraemer, R FDeBusk
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Serial treadmill exercise testing (mean 5.5 tests/patient) was used to evaluate the prognosis of 200 males (mean age 53 years) without clinical heart failure or unstable angina pectoris 3 weeks after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Exercise-induced ischemic ST-segment depression greater than or equal to 0.2 mV 3 weeks after MI was significantly more prevalent in patients with subsequent cardiac arrest (100%) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (64%) than in patients without subsequent events within 2 years of infarction (35%) (p less than 0.05). Exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmia on multiple tests 5-52 weeks after MI was more prevalent in patients with recurrent myocardial infarction (90%) than in patients without subsequent events (47%) (p less than 0.001). By contrast, exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmia on a single test at 3 weeks was a less powerful predictor of subsequent cardiac events. Exercise-induced ischemia 3 weeks after MI predicted early fatal events, while ventricular arrhythm...
Linearity of the vascular pressure-volume relationship of the canine intestine.
Authors: C FRothe, T DBennett, B LJohns
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

To test whether the pressure-volume relationship of the canine small intestinal vasculature is linear over the normal range of portal venous pressures (5 to 35 mm Hg), we used two methods to measure volume: (1) the integral of inflow minus outflow (IFD), and (2) tissue activity of 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes (Cr-51). Venous pressures were changed in steps of 5 mm Hg with a servo-controlled system. The tissue was perfused at a constant rate. With venous pressures of 3.6 to 38.6 mm Hg, the vascular compliance was 2.19 +/- 0.42 (SD) ml/kg x mm Hg using IFD, and 1.87 +/- 0.50 ml/kg x mm Hg using Cr-51. Although a quadratic term significantly improved the fit, the effect was small (less than 3 ml/kg with a 30 mm Hg venous pressure change). The control blood volume of the intestinal loop at a venous pressure of 8.6 +/- 1.5 (SD) mm Hg was 86.2 +/- 19.1 ml/kg tissue weight using the mean transit time of a step input of indocyanine green at a perfusion pressure of 106 +/- 29 mm Hg and a flow of 556 +/- 147 ml/min x ...
The emerging regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs implicated in cancer metabolism
Authors: Yongcan Xu, Mantang Qiu, Minmin Shen, Shunli Dong, Guochao Ye, Xuefei Shi, Ming Sun
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2021)

Compared to normal cells, cancer cells exhibit specific metabolic characteristics that facilitate the growth and metastasis of cancer. It is now widely appreciated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert extensive regulatory effects on a spectrum of biological processes through diverse mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the rapidly advancing field of lncRNAs and summarize the relationship between the dysregulation of lncRNAs and cancer metabolism, with a particular emphasis on the specific roles of lncRNAs in glycolysis, mitochondrial function, glutamine, and lipid metabolism. These investigations reveal that lncRNAs are a key factor in the complexity of malignant cancer metabolism. Only through understanding the relevance between lncRNAs and cancer metabolic reprogramming can we open a new chapter in the history of carcinogenesis, one that promises to alter the methods of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Compared to normal cells, cancer cells exhibit specific metabolic characteristics that facilitate the growth and metastasis of cancer. It is now widely appreciated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert extensive regulatory effects on a spectrum of biological processes through diverse mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the rapidly advancing field of lncRNAs and summarize the relationship between the dysregulation of lncRNAs and cancer metabolism, with a particular emphasis on the specific roles of lncRNAs in glycolysis, mitochondrial function, glutamine, and lipid metabolism. These investigations reveal that lncRNAs are a key factor in the complexity of malignant cancer metabolism. Only through understanding the relevance between lncRNAs and cancer metabolic reprogramming can we open a new chapter in the history of carcinogenesis, one that promises to alter the methods of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Mitral cleft in ostium primum atrial septal defect assessed by cross-sectional echocardiography.
Authors: SBeppu, YNimura, HSakakibara, SNagata, Y DPark, KBaba, YNaito, MOhta, TKamiya, HKoyanagi, TFujita
Journal: Circulation (1980)

We attempted to detect mitral deformities in ostium primum atrial septal defect using real-time cross-sectional echocardiography. Transverse sections of the anterior mitral leaflet echo were examined in 11 patients with this malformation who subsequently received surgical treatment. The section for observing the transverse view of te anterior leaflet was along the sagittal plane of the body, because of the deformity of the mitral annulus. Each echocardiographic finding was compared with the surgical and angiographic findings. On the echocardiogram, the superior and inferior parts of the anterior mitral leaflet separated into two parts during diastole in all patients with mitral cleft. Thin linear echoes connected the ridges of the cleft and the ventricular septum in seven patients in whom the accessory chordae at that area were revealed at surgery. The systolic configuration of the anterior leaflet echo varied among the patients. The severity of the miral regurgitation seemed to relate not only to the siz...
The anatomic evolution of coronary artery disease demonstrated by coronary arteriography in 256 nonoperated patients.
Authors: A VBruschke, T SWijers, WKolsters, JLandmann
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Coronary arteriography was performed twice in 256 nonoperated patients, including 92 surgical candidates who were recatheterized because of the long wait for surgery. Criteria to define progression and regression were established in advance. Analysis of separate segments, reflecting separate lesions, revealed that progression percentages increased proportionally with the degree of initial narrowing and the interval between catherizations, ranging from 1.2% to more than 20%. The highest progression percentages were shown by the proximal right coronary artery, the left anterior descending artery distal to the first septal and first diagonal branches, and the obtuse marginal branch of the circumflex artery. In 56.3% of the patients, progression was found in at least one segment, ranging from 40% in patients who were recatheterized within 1 year to 92% in patients who were recatheterized after 5 years or longer (p less than 0.025). In 12 patients (4.7%), regression had occurred; in two cases obstructions had ...
Calcium-accumulating properties of subcellular fractions of bovine vascular smooth muscle.
Authors: G DFord, M LHess
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

This study examined the calcium transport properties of two subcellular fractions of bovine aorta obtained by differential centrifugation. The vesicular fraction had a high-affinity (Km = 1.05 X 10(-6)M) calcium transport mechanism which could be potentiated by using the calcium-precipitating anion, oxalate. The mitochondria-enriched fraction's calcium transport system had a lower affinity for calcium than did that of the vesicular fraction. The calcium capacity of the vesicular fraction was determined by comparing the steady-state calcium uptake in the presence of oxalate in the whole homogenate with the same uptake by the vesicular fraction alone. A calcium capacity of about 100 mumoles Ca2+/kg aorta was obtained. It is concluded that the vesicular fraction has all of the properties of a major site of subcellular calcium regulation in vascular smooth muscle.
Trends in Views of Articles Published in 3 Leading Medical Journals During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Andrew J. Giustini, Alan R. Schroeder, David M. Axelrod
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the peer review, publication, and readership of scientific articles. 1-3The scientific community has voiced concern that the focus on COVID-19 adversely affects dissemination of research into other diseases. 4,5Recently, the number of article views has been recognized as a metric for article impact. 6In this study, we sought to assess the trends in views of articles published in 3 leading medical journals during the pandemic. MethodsBecause no patients were involved in this study (only analysis of journal article reads), we did not obtain institutional review board approval or informed consent.To assess changes in views of medical scientific articles, in this cross-sectional study we examined full and PDF views of articles published by 3 widely read, English-language, general medical journals-JAMA, The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), and BMJ-from January to July of 2019 and 2020.
Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in oral contraceptive hypertension.
Authors: S GRockson, R AStone, J CGunnells, S MSchanberg, NKirshner, R RRobinson
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relative contribution of changes in sympathetic nervous system activity, as reflected by changes in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, to the pathogenesis of oral contraceptive-induced hypertension. Precontraceptive and serial post contraceptive determinations of blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), DBH activity, and changes in body weight were obtained in twelve control patients and forty-one oral contraceptive users. Forty-four percent of oral contraceptive users had increases in blood pressure but remained normotensive and 17% became frankly hypertensive. The precontraceptive and average post contraceptive levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP), PRA and DBH activity in each patient were compared using paired group analysis. Control patients (group I) exhibited no significant changes in these variables, while the patients with contraceptive-induced increases in MAP (groups III and IV) underwent significant, parallel increases in DBH activ...
Chronic atrial fibrillation and stroke in paced patients with sick sinus syndrome. Relevance of clinical characteristics and pacing modalities.
Authors: E BSgarbossa, S LPinski, J DMaloney, T WSimmons, B LWilkoff, L WCastle, R GTrohman
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThe goal of the report was to study the long-term incidence and the independent predictors for chronic atrial fibrillation and stroke in 507 paced patients with sick sinus syndrome, adjusting for differences in baseline clinical variables with multivariate analysis.METHODS AND RESULTSFrom 1980 to 1989, we implanted 376 dual-chamber, 19 atrial, and 112 ventricular pacemakers to treat patients with sick sinus syndrome. After a maximum follow-up of 134 months (mean: 59 +/- 38 months for chronic atrial fibrillation, 65 +/- 37 months for stroke), actuarial incidence of chronic atrial fibrillation was 7% at 1 year, 16% at 5 years, and 28% at 10 years. Independent predictors for this event, from Cox's proportional hazards model, were history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (P < .001; hazard ratio [HR] = 16.84), use of antiarrhythmic drugs before pacemaker implant (P < .001; HR = 2.25), ventricular pacing mode (P = .003; HR = 1.98), age (P = .005; HR = 1.03), and valvular heart disease (P = .008; HR =...
Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wanda K. Nicholson, Lee A. Fleisher, Harold E. Fox, Neil R. Powe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable degree with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, is the most common medical condition of pregnancy. GDM affects ∼190,000 (4–5%) of the >4 million births occurring annually in the U.S. and is associated with several maternal and infant complications (1). Worldwide, the three primary screening strategies for GDM are the sequential strategy (initial 50-g glucose challenge test followed by, in those who test positive, a 100-g glucose tolerance test [GTT]), the 75-g GTT strategy, and the 100-g GTT strategy (2). The efficacy of these strategies, however, is debated. There are few randomized trials on the effectiveness of GDM screening (3). Yet, the majority of U.S. obstetricians provide universal screening for GDM (4).

We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare four screening strategies for universal screening of GDM, including the sequential strategy, the 75- and 100-g GTT, and a no-screening strategy. We assessed the relative cost and effectiveness (quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs]) of each strategy relative to the sequential strategy using a decision model.

We performed a decision and cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective that incorporates all health effects and medical resources consumed regardless of who pays (5). Separate cost-effectiveness ratios were estimated for mothers and infants. Maternal outcomes were hypertensive disease, polyhydramnios, cesarean or vaginal delivery, …