tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of the role of schools in the SARS-CoV-2 second wave in Italy
Authors: Sara Gandini, Maurizio Rainisio, Maria Luisa Iannuzzo, Federica Bellerba, Francesco Cecconi, Luca Scorrano
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

During COVID-19 pandemic, school closure has been mandated in analogy to its effect against influenza, but it is unclear whether schools are early COVID-19 amplifiers.We performed a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study in Italy during the second COVID-19 wave (from September 30, 2020 until at least February 28, 2021). We used databases from the Italian Ministry of Education, the Veneto region systems of SARS-CoV-2 cases notification and of schools' secondary cases tracing to compare SARS-CoV-2 incidence in students/school staff and general population and incidence across age groups. Number of tests, secondary infections by type of index case and ratio cases/ tests per school were estimated using an adjusted multivariable generalized linear regression model. Regional reproduction numbers Rt were estimated from Italian Civil Protection daily incidence data with a method of posterior distribution using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm.SARS-CoV-2 incidence among students was lower than in the general population. Secondary infections at school were <1%, and clusters of ≥2 secondary cases occurred in 5-7% of the analysed schools. Incidence among teachers was comparable to the population of similar age (P = 0.23). Secondary infections among teachers were rare, occurring more frequently when the index case was a teacher than a student (37% vs. 10%, P = 0.007). Before and around the date of school opening in Veneto, SARS-CoV-2 incidence grew maximally in 20-29- and 45-49-years old individuals, not among students. The lag between school opening dates in Italian regions and the increase in the regional COVID-19 Rt was not uniform. Finally, school closures in two regions where they were implemented before other measures did not affect Rt decrease.This analysis does not support a role for school opening as a driver of the second COVID-19 wave in Italy, a large European country with high SARS-CoV-2 incidence.Fondazione MITE.
Colonoscopic polypectomy in patients on anticoagulation: time to embrace the cold revolution?
Authors: Nicholas McDonald, Saurabh Chandan, Mohammad Bilal
Journal: Gut (2021)

We congratulate Lau et al 1 on their manuscript looking at the risks of postcolonoscopic polypectomy bleeding and thromboembolism with warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). This is a territory-wide retrospective cohort study evaluating the safety of polypectomy during colonoscopy in patients taking DOACs or warfarin. The authors report relatively low rates of postpolypectomy bleeding (PPB) and thromboembolism and significantly lower rates in patients on apixaban compared with the other DOACs and warfarin. On a sensitivity analysis, authors reported right-sided polyp location, endoscopic resection method involving electrocautery, use of warfarin and advanced age as independent risk factors for PPB. Our comments attempt to clarify the effect of endoscopic resection technique …
Discrepancies between Doppler and catheter gradients in aortic prosthetic valves in vitro. A manifestation of localized gradients and pressure recovery.
Authors: HBaumgartner, SKhan, MDeRobertis, LCzer, GMaurer
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To evaluate possible causes of discrepancy between Doppler and catheter gradients across prosthetic valves, five sizes (19-27 mm) of St. Jude and Hancock valves were studied in an aortic pulsatile flow model. Catheter gradients at multiple sites distal to the valve were compared with simultaneously obtained Doppler gradients. In the St. Jude valve, significant differences between Doppler and catheter gradients measured 30 mm downstream from the valve were found: Doppler gradients exceeded peak catheter gradients of 10 mm Hg or more by 81 +/- 35% (15 +/- 3.6 mm Hg), and mean catheter gradients by 71 +/- 11% (10.3 +/- 2.5 mm Hg). When the catheter was pulled back through the tunnel-like central orifice of the valve, high localized gradients at the valve plane and significant early pressure recovery were found. When the catheter was pulled back through the large side orifices, gradients at the same level were only 46 +/- 6% of the central orifice gradients (mean difference, 7.6 +/- 4.5 mm Hg). Doppler peak a...
Interaction of platelets with the vessel wall in the pathophysiology of sudden cardiac death.
Authors: J WHammon, J AOates
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The occurrence of ventricular fibrillation after occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery in the conscious dog was examined as one preparation for sudden cardiac death arising from coronary artery disease. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation after after circumflex occlusion was reduced from 53% to 6% (p less than .01) by the infusion of prostacyclin in doses that do not alter cardiac output or peripheral resistance. This effect of prostacyclin led to the evaluation of two structurally different inhibitors of thromboxane synthase in this preparation; RO 22-4679 and U-63557A reduced ventricular fibrillation by 82% and 100%, respectively (p less than .05). The inhibition of ventricular fibrillation by U-63557A was abrogated by pretreatment with indomethacin, suggesting that a metabolite of the endoperoxide that accumulated during thromboxane synthase inhibition was responsible for the protection from ventricular fibrillation.
Platelet-derived growth factor isoforms decrease insulin-like growth factor I gene expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells and selectively stimulate the biosynthesis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4.
Authors: DGiannella-Neto, AKamyar, BSharifi, C JPirola, JKupfer, R GRosenfeld, J SForrester, J AFagin
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is believed to be a critical mediator of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Because insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I (IGF-I) functions as a progression factor for the mitogenic effects of PDGF, we hypothesized that IGF-I gene expression and the production of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) by cultured rat aortic SMCs might be regulated by one or more of the three isoforms of PDGF: PDGF-AA, -BB, and -AB. IGF-I gene expression was highly dependent on cell density: IGF-I mRNA transcripts decreased markedly as a function of cell confluence. IGF-I mRNA content was inhibited to a similar degree by PDGF-AA, -BB, and -AB through a mechanism requiring protein synthesis. The inhibition was readily apparent at 4 hours, reaching approximately 25% of control levels after 24 hours. Radioimmunoassayable IGF-I was only barely detectable in SMC-conditioned serum-free medium and not significantly modulated by PDGF. Western ligand blot revealed that vascular SMCs release 3...
Psychosomatic Medicine—Its Principles and Applications
Authors: E. J. ALEXANDER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

subject.The book is of value to the urologist as well as to the general practitioner and would well repay considerable study.While non-gonorrheal urethritis is a rare disease and is frequently mistakenly diagnosed and difficult to treat, it is a condition that responds readily to correct therapy.Harkness' work will make a valuable and satisfying addition to the library of anyone who is occasionally called on to diagnose urethritis of any origin.
Endoscopic Band Ligation Without Resection Of Small-Sized Subepithelial Tumours: Results In Long-Term Follow Up Of A Multicentre Prospective Study (Banding-Set)
Authors: F Bas-Cutrina, C Loras, A Pardo, R Ballester-Clau, C Huertas, C Guarner-Argente, J Colán-Hernández, CF Consiglieri, X Andujar, M Vilanova-Serra, F González-Huix, L Pardo-Grau, S Maisterra, P Ruiz-Ramírez, A Garcia-Sumalla, JB Gornals
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) without resection combined with a single-incision needle-knife (SINK) biopsy is a little reported option in the management of subepithelial tumours (SET). The main aim was to determine the effectiveness of this technique in small-sized SETs: technical and clinical success, diagnostic yield of biopsy, involvement in clinical management, and associated adverse events.
Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced mesothelioma in the open-label, single-arm, phase 2 KEYNOTE-158 study
Authors: Timothy A Yap, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Nobukazu Fujimoto, Kozo Kuribayashi, Tormod Kyrre Guren, Luana Calabrò, Ronnie Shapira-Frommer, Bo Gao, Steven Kao, Ignacio Matos, David Planchard, Arkendu Chatterjee, Fan Jin, Kevin Norwood, Hedy L Kindler
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)
Intravascular ultrasound of coronary arteries in children. Assessment of the wall morphology and the lumen after Kawasaki disease.
Authors: TSugimura, HKato, OInoue, TFukuda, NSato, MIshii, JTakagi, TAkagi, YMaeno, TKawano
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDThe long-term clinical issue in Kawasaki disease (KD) concerns the coronary artery lesion. Two-dimensional echocardiography and coronary angiography are routine examinations to evaluate the coronary lesions; however, these are not adequate to assess the wall morphology of the coronary artery (CA). Intravascular ultrasound imaging (IVUS), a new technology for the evaluation of the coronary artery lumen and wall morphology in vivo, was performed for patients after KD in their long-term follow-up, and we examined the new insights it gave.METHODS AND RESULTSIVUS was performed during cardiac catheterization in 20 subjects (10 patients after KD who still had coronary aneurysms or regressed coronary aneurysms, 2 after KD who had no coronary abnormal lesion, and 8 control patients with congenital heart disease and normal CA). We evaluated the wall structure at 10 to 15 sites of the CA in each patient. IVUS was performed with a commercially available ultrasound imaging catheter. Four sites of a CA aneury...
Pulmonary venous flow pattern--its relationship to cardiac dynamics. A pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study.
Authors: GKeren, JSherez, RMegidish, BLevitt, SLaniado
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We studied the physiology of pulmonary venous flow in 13 normal subjects and five patients with atrial rhythm disorders and atrioventricular conduction disturbances with pulsed Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography. The left atrium, mitral valve, and pulmonary venous ostia were visualized through the apical four-chamber view. Mitral and pulmonary venous flows were obtained by placing the Doppler sample volume at the appropriate orifice. Pulmonary venous flow was biphasic: a rapid filling wave was observed during systole when the mitral valve was closed; a second wave was observed in diastole during the rapid ventricular filling phase of mitral flow, but was significantly delayed. In patients without atrial contraction (atrial fibrillation and sinoatrial standstill), the initial rapid filling was greatly diminished and only the second diastolic wave appeared to contribute to left atrial filling. In patients with high-grade atrioventricular block, each atrial contraction was followed by a surge in fl...
Enhancement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation by low-dose nitroglycerin in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: MSchwarz, S DKatz, LDemopoulos, HHirsch, J LYuen, GJondeau, T HLeJemtel
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDSince organic nitroesters and endothelium-derived nitric oxide mediate vasodilation through a final common pathway, that is, by activation of soluble guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle, nitroglycerin (NTG) could specifically enhance the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response to acetylcholine (Ach) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and endothelial cell dysfunction. Accordingly, the net effects of an intra-arterial infusion of NTG (10(-9) mol/L) on endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation were assessed in the forearm circulation of patients with CHF.METHODS AND RESULTSThe forearm blood flow responses to intra-arterial administration of graded concentrations of Ach (10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/L) were determined by venous occlusion plethysmography (mL/min per 100 mL) in 18 patients with CHF and 5 age-matched normal subjects before and during intra-arterial infusion of NTG (10(-9) mol/L) for 20 minutes. In eight patients, the duration of the infusion of NTG...
Prolonged Gastric Transit Time in Small-Bowel Capsule Endoscopy - Which Patients are at Risk and What Implications?
Authors: M Freitas, V Macedo Silva, P Boal Carvalho, B Rosa, MJ Moreira, J Cotter
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Prolonged gastric transit time (PGTT) is a commonly described cause for incomplete capsule endoscopy examination. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and identify risk factors for PGTT, and to assess its impact on the rate of incomplete examinations.
Potassium-39 nuclear magnetic resonance observation of intracellular potassium without chemical shift reagents during metabolic inhibition in the isolated perfused rat heart.
Authors: SKuki, ESuzuki, HWatari, HTakami, HMatsuda, YKawashima
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The intracellular potassium content of perfused rat heart was measured by potassium-39 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at 33 degrees C with an inversion recovery technique based on the fact that the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of the intracellular potassium (8.3 msec at 8.45 T) is much faster than that of the extracellular potassium (68 msec). Intracellular potassium decreased to 60.2 +/- 4.3% of the control level (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) at 40 minutes from the start of metabolic inhibition (2 mM cyanide, 0 mM glucose). Removal of cyanide restored intracellular potassium to 94.2 +/- 3.9% at 30 minutes from the restart of oxidative metabolism. The cumulative potassium loss was determined from the flow rate and potassium concentration of the coronary effluent, which reached 139 +/- 12 mumol/g dry wt during 40 minutes of metabolic inhibition. This value was calculated as 41.8% of intracellular potassium in the control heart and agreed with the decrement of intracellular potassium measured by...
Safety And Efficacy Of Endoscopic Ultrasound As A Diagnostic And Therapeutic Tool In Pediatric Patients: A Multi-Center Study
Authors: E Ghoneem, H Okasha, G Shiha, R Soliman, M Gouda, K Ragab
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Assess the feasibility, safety and clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound in pediatric patients.
Microcirculatory dysfunction following perfusion with hyperkalemic, hypothermic, cardioplegic solutions and blood reperfusion. Effects of adenosine.
Authors: M WKeller, LGeddes, WSpotnitz, SKaul, B RDuling
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDCardioplegic solutions have been used to enhance myocardial preservation during cardiac surgery. The benefits derived from preventing myocardial ischemia with cardioplegic solutions may, however, be countered by tissue damage that occurs when the myocardium is reperfused with oxygenated blood. Furthermore, cardioplegia-induced endothelial dysfunction may contribute to depressed myocardial function postoperatively. The endothelium of coronary arteries and vein grafts is damaged by crystalloid cardioplegic solutions. There is less known about the effects of cardioplegic solutions on the microvasculature.METHODS AND RESULTSThe hypothesis that microvascular damage occurs following perfusion with hyperkalemic, crystalloid, cardioplegic solutions and blood reperfusion, leading to decreased blood flow and increased neutrophil accumulation, was tested in a model system. Intravital microscopic observations were performed during a 20-minute perfusion of the hamster cremaster muscle with cardioplegic solut...
Inability of methylprednisolone sodium succinate to decrease infarct size or preserve enzyme activity measured 24 hours after coronary occlusion in the dog.
Authors: W MVogel, V GZannoni, G DAbrams, B RLucchesi
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (50 mg/kg) was given 30 minutes before or after the start of a 90 minute occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) in one group of dogs. In a second group, methylprednisolone sodium succinate was given 15 minutes after permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Infarct size was determined by dehydrogenase staining after 24 or 96 hours. Heart slices were incubated with nitro-blue tetrazolium and nonstaining infarcted tissue was dissected and weighed. Myocardial depletion of creatine phosphokinase activity (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) were determined 24 hours after temporary LCX occlusion. When measured after 24 hours, methylprednisolone sodium succinate treatment did not reduce infarct size or decrease enzyme loss. After temporary LCX occlusion infarct size was 30.4 +/- 3.6% of left ventricular weight in control dogs and 30.0 +/- 2.3% in treated dogs. No significant difference in infarct size was observed in hearts ex...
Team-Based Care of Women With Cardiovascular Disease From Pre-Conception Through Pregnancy and Postpartum
Authors: Melinda B. Davis, Katherine Arendt, Natalie A. Bello, Haywood Brown, Joan Briller, Kelly Epps, Lisa Hollier, Elizabeth Langen, Ki Park, Mary Norine Walsh, Dominique Williams, Malissa Wood, Candice K. Silversides, Kathryn J. Lindley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Outcome after a "perfect" Fontan operation.
Authors: FFontan, J WKirklin, GFernandez, FCosta, D CNaftel, FTritto, E HBlackstone
Journal: Circulation (1990)

A study was undertaken to determine the early and long-term outcomes dictated by the Fontan state per se (a state in which the force driving pulmonary blood flow is solely or largely a residue, in the systemic venous pressure, of the main ventricular chamber's contractile force) and the transition (by surgery) to it from the state of congenital heart disease under optimal conditions (after a perfect Fontan operation). The primary study design used a solution of a multivariate risk factor equation for death, by which survival rate under optimal conditions was predicted to be 92%, 89%, 88%, 86%, 81%, and 73% at 1 month, 6 months, and 1, 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively, after the Fontan operation. The hazard function (instantaneous risk of death at each moment in time after the operation) had an early rapidly declining phase of hazard that at about 6 months began to give way to a late hazard phase, which was rising by about 6 years after surgery. A secondary study design, using the theory of competing ri...
The effects of heart rate, myocardial ischemia and vagal stimulation on the threshold for ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: R GJames, J MArnold, J DAllen, J FPantridge, R GShanks
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The minimum current required to cause ventricular fibrillation was determined by electrical stimulation of the normal or ischemic canine left ventricle. The threshold for ventricular fibrillation in the normal heart decreased when the heart rate was rapid. Strong vagal stimulation did not affect the ventricular fibrillation threshold when the heart rate was fixed. The fall in the ventricular fibrillation threshold in the presence of acute myocardial ischemia was greater and more prolonged when the heart rate was rapid. These findings indicate the importance of the immediate correction of tachycardia in patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction.
A Rare Case of Bilateral Killian-Jamieson Diverticula: is There a Place for Endoscopic Treatment?
Authors: C Félix, C O´Neill, R Mendo, J Azevedo Rodrigues, P Barreiro, C Chagas
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

We present the case of a 68-year-old man with two symptomatic synchronous Killian-Jamieson (KJ) diverticula (2 and 4cm).
Growth Hormone Use in Childhood and Adult Cardiovascular Disease—Reply
Authors: Anders Tidblad, Lars Sävendahl
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Lordotic right posterior oblique projection of the left coronary artery: a speical view for special anatomy.
Authors: D TArani, I LBunnell, D GGreene
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The lordotic right posterior oblique projection of the left coronary artery is obtained by combining cranial angulation of the X-ray beam with rotation of the patient into the right posterior oblique position. This projection is helpful for separation of the main left coronary artery and the proximal portions of the left anterior descending and circumflex divisions, especially in patients in whom the left anterior descending artery is directed cephalad early in its course. The obtaining of an image from the lordotic right posterior oblique projection adds less than two minutes to the procedure and improves arteriographic assessment of the left coronary artery.
A simplified valve formula for the calculation of stenotic cardiac valve areas.
Authors: A HHakki, A SIskandrian, C EBemis, DKimbiris, G SMintz, B LSegal, CBrice
Journal: Circulation (1981)

We have simplified the Gorlin formula and have compared our measurements of the aortic or mitral valve area, using the original Gorlin formula and the simplified valve formula in 100 consecutive patients. The valve area was measured by the simplified formula as cardiac output (l/min) divided by the square root of pressure differences across the valve. In patients with aortic stenosis of varying severity there were excellent correlation between the original Gorlin formula and the simplified formula (r = 0.96, y = 0.99x + 0.01, SEE = +/- 0.10, p less than 0.001). The correlation was unchanged when the peak gradient was used instead of the mean gradient in the simplified formula. Excellent correlation was also seen in patients with mitral stenosis of varying severity (r = 0.94, y = 0.97x - 0.02, SEE = +/- 0.19; p less than 0.001). The simplicity of the formula makes it easy to memorize and use.
Prognosis for patients with congenital heart disease and postoperative intraventricular conduction defects.
Authors: EKrongrad
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Intraventricular conduction defects are common following repair of various forms of congenital heart disease. Such defects may affect adversely the long-term prognosis of patients in whom cardiac hemodynamics were adequately restored. Review of previously published studies suggests that the site of the conduction defect may be the reason for the different prognoses reported for patients from different institutions. The so-called trifascicular  pattern which sometimes occurs following open heart surgery is probably due to a more extensive lesion to the branching and penetrating parts of the His bundle rather than additional injury to the posterior left bundle branch fibers. Transient complete heart block in the immediate postoperative period seems to be a predictor for late development of complete heart block or sudden death at least as powerful as right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock.