tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Community-based active case-finding interventions for tuberculosis: a systematic review
Authors: Rachael M Burke, Marriott Nliwasa, Helena R A Feasey, Lelia H Chaisson, Jonathan E Golub, Fahd Naufal, Adrienne E Shapiro, Maria Ruperez, Lily Telisinghe, Helen Ayles, Elizabeth L Corbett, Peter MacPherson
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2021)

BackgroundCommunity-based active case-finding interventions might identify and treat more people with tuberculosis disease than standard case detection. We aimed to assess whether active case-finding interventions can affect tuberculosis epidemiology in the wider community.MethodsWe did a systematic review by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for studies that compared tuberculosis case notification rates, tuberculosis disease prevalence, or tuberculosis infection prevalence or incidence in children, between populations exposed and unexposed to active case-finding interventions. We included studies published in English between Jan 1, 1980, and April 13, 2020. Studies of active case-finding in the general population, in populations perceived to be at high risk for tuberculosis, and in closed settings were included, whereas studies of tuberculosis screening at health-care facilities, among household contacts, or among children only, and studies that screened fewer than 1000 people were excluded. To estimate effectiveness, we extracted or calculated case notification rates, prevalence of tuberculosis disease, and incidence or prevalence of tuberculosis infection in children, and compared ratios of these outcomes between groups that were exposed or not exposed to active case-finding interventions.Results27 883 abstracts were screened and 988 articles underwent full text review. 28 studies contributed data for analysis of tuberculosis case notifications, nine for prevalence of tuberculosis disease, and two for incidence or prevalence of tuberculosis infection in children. In one cluster-randomised trial in South Africa and Zambia, an active case-finding intervention based on community mobilisation and sputum drop-off did not affect tuberculosis prevalence, whereas, in a cluster-randomised trial in Vietnam, an active case-finding intervention based on sputum tuberculosis tests for everyone reduced tuberculosis prevalence in the community. We found inconsistent, low-quality evidence that active case-finding might increase the number of cases of tuberculosis notified in populations with structural risk factors for tuberculosis.InterpretationCommunity-based active case-finding for tuberculosis might be effective in changing tuberculosis epidemiology and thereby improving population health if delivered with high coverage and intensity. If possible, active case-finding projects should incorporate a well designed, robust evaluation to contribute to the evidence base and help elucidate which delivery methods and diagnostic strategies are most effective.FundingWHO Global TB Programme.
Favorable Trisomies and <i>ETV6-RUNX1</i> Predict Cure in Low-Risk B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results From Children's Oncology Group Trial AALL0331
Authors: Leonard A. Mattano, Meenakshi Devidas, Kelly W. Maloney, Cindy Wang, Alison M. Friedmann, Patrick Buckley, Michael J. Borowitz, Andrew J. Carroll, Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Nyla A. Heerema, Nina S. Kadan-Lottick, Yousif H. Matloub, David T. Marshall, Linda C. Stork, Mignon L. Loh, Elizabeth A. Raetz, Brent L. Wood, Stephen P. Hunger, William L. Carroll, Naomi J. Winick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

Children's Oncology Group (COG) AALL0331 tested whether pegaspargase intensification on a low-intensity chemotherapy backbone would improve the continuous complete remission (CCR) rate in a low-risk subset of children with standard-risk B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).AALL0331 enrolled 5,377 patients with National Cancer Institute standard-risk B-ALL (age 1-9 years, WBC < 50,000/μL) between 2005 and 2010. Following a common three-drug induction, a cohort of 1,857 eligible patients participated in the low-risk ALL random assignment. Low-risk criteria included no extramedullary disease, < 5% marrow blasts by day 15, end-induction marrow minimal residual disease < 0.1%, and favorable cytogenetics (ETV6-RUNX1 fusion or simultaneous trisomies of chromosomes 4, 10, and 17). Random assignment was to standard COG low-intensity therapy (including two pegaspargase doses, one each during induction and delayed intensification) with or without four additional pegaspargase doses at 3-week intervals during consolidation and interim maintenance. The study was powered to detect a 4% improvement in 6-year CCR rate from 92% to 96%.The 6-year CCR and overall survival (OS) rates for the entire low-risk cohort were 94.7% ± 0.6% and 98.7% ± 0.3%, respectively. The CCR rates were similar between arms (intensified pegaspargase 95.3% ± 0.8% v standard 94.0% ± 0.8%; P = .13) with no difference in OS (98.1% ± 0.5% v 99.2% ± 0.3%; P = .99). Compared to a subset of standard-risk study patients given identical therapy who had the same early response characteristics but did not have favorable or unfavorable cytogenetics, outcomes were significantly superior for low-risk patients (CCR hazard ratio 1.95; P = .0004; OS hazard ratio 5.42; P < .0001).Standard COG therapy without intensified pegaspargase, which can easily be given as an outpatient with limited toxicity, cures nearly all children with B-ALL identified as low-risk by clinical, early response, and favorable cytogenetic criteria.
Clinical mimickers of calciphylaxis: A retrospective study
Authors: Colleen K. Gabel, Amy E. Blum, Josie François, Teja Chakrala, Allison S. Dobry, Anna Cristina Garza-Mayers, Lauren N. Ko, Emily D. Nguyen, Radhika Shah, Jessica St. John, Sagar U. Nigwekar, Daniela Kroshinsky
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Combination of polycarboxybetaine coating and factor XII inhibitor reduces clot formation while preserving normal tissue coagulation during extracorporeal life support
Authors: Noritsugu Naito, Rei Ukita, Jonas Wilbs, Kan Wu, Xiaojie Lin, Neil M. Carleton, Kalliope Roberts, Shaoyi Jiang, Christian Heinis, Keith E. Cook
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)

Blood contact with high surface area medical devices, such as dialysis and extracorporeal life support (ECLS), induces rapid surface coagulation. Systemic anticoagulation, such as heparin, is thus necessary to slow clot formation, but some patients suffer from bleeding complications. Both problems might be reduced by 1) replacing heparin anticoagulation with artificial surface inhibition of the protein adsorption that initiates coagulation and 2) selective inhibition of the intrinsic branch of the coagulation cascade. This approach was evaluated by comparing clot formation and bleeding times during short-term ECLS using zwitterionic polycarboxybetaine (PCB) surface coatings combined with either a potent, selective, bicyclic peptide inhibitor of activated Factor XII (FXII900) or standard heparin anticoagulation. Rabbits underwent venovenous ECLS with small sham oxygenators for 60 min using three means of anticoagulation (n = 4 ea): (1) PCB coating + FXII900 infusion, (2) PCB coating + heparin infusion with an activated clotting time of 220–300s, and (3) heparin infusion alone. Sham oxygenator blood clot weights in the PCB + FXII900 and PCB + heparin groups were 4% and 25% of that in the heparin group (p < 10−6 and p < 10−5), respectively. At the same time, the bleeding time remained normal in the PCB + FXII900 group (2.4 ± 0.2 min) but increased to 4.8 ± 0.5 and 5.1 ± 0.7 min in the PCB + heparin and heparin alone groups (p < 10−4 and 0.01). Sham oxygenator blood flow resistance was significantly lower in the PCB + FXII900 and PCB + heparin groups than in the heparin only group (p < 10−6 and 10−5). These results were confirmed by gross and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) concentrations. Thus, the combined use of PCB coating and FXII900 markedly reduced sham oxygenator coagulation and tissue bleeding times versus the clinical standard of heparin anticoagulation and is a promising anticoagulation method for clinical ECLS.
AMIに対しt-PA製剤投与後にACSを繰り返した1例 t-PA製剤は是か非か?
Authors: 白坂明広, 佐々木良雄, 内匠拓朗, 稲永桂, 松浦靖, 竹岡玲, 北口勝司, 岩瀬知行, 河合忠一
Journal: Circulation (2002)
Epicardial fat in heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Jasper Tromp, Jennifer A. Bryant, Xuanyi Jin, Gijs van Woerden, Salma Asali, Han Yiying, Oi Wah Liew, Jenny Chong Pek Ching, Fazlur Jaufeerally, Seet Yoong Loh, David Sim, Sheldon Lee, Dinna Soon, Wan Ting Tay, Milton Packer, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Calvin Chin, A. Mark Richards, Carolyn S.P. Lam
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)
Current status of sorafenib nanoparticle delivery systems in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fan-Hua Kong, Qi-Fa Ye, Xiong-Ying Miao, Xi Liu, Si-Qi Huang, Li Xiong, Yu Wen, Zi-Jian Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Advanced HCC displays strong resistance to chemotherapy, and traditional chemotherapy drugs do not achieve satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Sorafenib is an oral kinase inhibitor that inhibits tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis and induces cancer cell apoptosis. It also improves the survival rates of patients with advanced liver cancer. However, due to its poor solubility, fast metabolism, and low bioavailability, clinical applications of sorafenib have been substantially restricted. In recent years, various studies have been conducted on the use of nanoparticles to improve drug targeting and therapeutic efficacy in HCC. Moreover, nanoparticles have been extensively explored to improve the therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib, and a variety of nanoparticles, such as polymer, lipid, silica, and metal nanoparticles, have been developed for treating liver cancer. All these new technologies have improved the targeted treatment of HCC by sorafenib and promoted nanomedicines as treatments for HCC. This review provides an overview of hot topics in tumor nanoscience and the latest status of treatments for HCC. It further introduces the current research status of nanoparticle drug delivery systems for treatment of HCC with sorafenib.
COVID-19 Vaccines vs Variants—Determining How Much Immunity Is Enough
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Kevin A. Brown, PhD; Jonathan Gubbay, MBBS, MMedSc; Jessica Hopkins, MD, MHSc; Samir Patel, PhD; Sarah A. Buchan, PhD; Nick Daneman, MD, MSc; Lee William Goneau, PhD
P05.01 Multicenter Retrospective Study of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in South Korea (KROG 17-09)
Authors: S.G. Park, J.H. Kim, Y.C. Ahn, J.M. Noh, W.C. Kim, M.K. Kang, J. Cho, J.S. Kim, M. Kong, J.W. Yea, Y. Kim, K.H. Choi, S.G. Yeo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Covid-19: Art installation at NHS trust represents beacon of hope and gratitude
Authors: Alison Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (2021)

While next generation sequencing has expanded the scientific understanding of Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI), the clinical use of exome sequencing is still emerging. We performed a cohort level meta-analysis by revisiting clinical exome data from 1,300 IEI patients using an updated in-silico gene panel for IEI. Variants were classified and curated through expert review. The molecular diagnostic yield after standard exome analysis was 11.8%. A systematic reanalysis resulted in the identification of variants of interest in 5.2% of undiagnosed patients, of which 75.4% were (candidate) disease-causing, increasing the molecular diagnostic yield to 15.2%. We find a high degree of actionability in IEI patients with a genetic diagnosis (76.4%). Despite the modest absolute diagnostic gain, these data support the benefit of iterative exome reanalysis in patients with IEI conveying the notion that our current understanding of genes and variants involved in IEI is by far not saturated.
P05.10 Risk Factors Associated with Pulmonary Toxicities from Multiple Courses of Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)
Authors: X. Li, E. Yorke, A. Jackson, Y. Yue, N. Shaverdian, D. Gelblum, D. Gomez, A. Rimner, C. Simone, A. Wu, A. Shepherd
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Factors Associated With Opting Out of Automated Text and Telephone Messages Among Adult Members of an Integrated Health Care System
Authors: John F. Steiner, Chan Zeng, Angela C. Comer, Jennifer C. Barrow, Jonah N. Langer, David A. Steffen, Claudia A. Steiner
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Health care systems deliver automated text or telephone messages to remind patients of appointments and to provide health information. Patients who receive multiple messages may demonstrate message fatigue by opting out of future messages. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess whether the volume of automated text or interactive voice response (IVR) telephone messages is associated with the likelihood of patients requesting to opt out of future messages. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Colorado (KPCO), an integrated health care system. All adult members who received 1 or more automated text or IVR message between October 1, 2018, and September 30, 2019, were included. <h3>Exposures</h3> Receipt of automated text or IVR messages. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Message volume and opt-out rates obtained from messaging systems over 1 year. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 428 242 adults included in this study, 59.7% were women, and 66.5% were White; the mean (SD) age was 52.3 (17.7) years. During the study period, 84.1% received 1 or more text messages (median, 4 messages; interquartile range, 2-8 messages) and 67.8% received 1 or more IVR messages (median, 3 messages; interquartile range, 1-6 messages). A total of 8929 individuals (2.5%) opted out of text messages, and 4392 (1.5%) opted out of IVR messages. In multivariable analyses, individuals who received 10 to 19.9 or 20 or more text messages per year had higher opt-out rates for text messages compared with those who received fewer than 2 messages per year (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 10-19.9 vs &lt;2 messages, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.17-1.38]; ≥20 vs &lt;2 messages, 3.58 [95% CI, 3.28-3.91]), whereas opt-out rates increased progressively in association with IVR message volume, with the highest rates among individuals who received 10.0 to 19.9 messages (aOR, 11.11; 95% CI, 9.43-13.08) or 20.0 messages or more (aOR, 49.84; 95% CI, 42.33-58.70). Individuals opting out of text messages were more likely to opt out of IVR messages (aOR, 4.07; 95% CI, 3.65-4.55), and those opting out of IVR messages were more likely to opt out of text messages (aOR, 5.92; 95% CI, 5.29-6.61). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cohort study among adult members of an integrated health care system, requests to discontinue messages were associated with greater message volume. These findings suggest that, to preserve the benefits of automated outreach, health care systems should use these messages judiciously to reduce message fatigue.
Metal-organic frameworks for advanced drug delivery
Authors: Siyu He, Li Wu, Xue Li, Hongyu Sun, Ting Xiong, Jie Liu, Chengxi Huang, Huipeng Xu, Huimin Sun, Weidong Chen, Ruxandra Gref, Jiwen Zhang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), comprised of organic ligands and metal ions/metal clusters via coordinative bonds are highly porous, crystalline materials. Their tunable porosity, chemical composition, size and shape, and easy surface functionalization make this large family more and more popular for drug delivery. There is a growing interest over the last decades in the design of engineered MOFs with controlled sizes for a variety of biomedical applications. This article presents an overall review and perspectives of MOFs-based drug delivery systems (DDSs), starting with the MOFs classification adapted for DDSs based on the types of constituting metals and ligands. Then, the synthesis and characterization of MOFs for DDSs are developed, followed by the drug loading strategies, applications, biopharmaceutics and quality control. Importantly, a variety of representative applications of MOFs are detailed from a point of view of applications in pharmaceutics, diseases therapy and advanced DDSs. In particular, the biopharmaceutics and quality control of MOFs-based DDSs are summarized with critical issues to be addressed. Finally, challenges in MOFs development for DDSs are discussed, such as biostability, biosafety, biopharmaceutics and nomenclature.
Abstract 188: Racial Disparities in Survival Outcomes Following Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Sarah E Haskell, Saket Girotra, Yunshu Zhou, Marina Del Rios, Raina M Merchant, Dianne L Atkins
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Among adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), overall survival is lower in black patients compared to white patients. Data regarding racial differences in survival for pediatric IHCA remain unknown. Methods: Using data from the American Heart Association Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation registry, we identified children &gt;24 hours and &lt; 18 years of age with IHCA due to an initial pulseless rhythm. We used generalized estimation equation to examine the association of black race with survival to hospital discharge and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Results: Overall, 2940 pediatric patients (898 black, 2042 white) with IHCA were included. The mean age was 6 years, 57% were male and 16% had an initial shockable rhythm. Baseline demographics, cardiac arrest characteristics including initial rhythm did not differ significantly by race. Although black race was associated with lower rates of ROSC compared to white patients (69.5% in blacks vs. 74.6% in whites; adjusted OR 0.8012, 95% CI 0.6749 - 0.9512, P= 0.0113), it was not associated with survival to discharge (34.7% in blacks vs. 37.8% in whites; adjusted OR 0.9705, 95% CI 0.8086 – 1.1648, P=0.7476). A lower rate of ROSC in black patients was not explained by longer delays in epinephrine administration for patients with a non-shockable rhythm, or defibrillation in patients with a shockable rhythm. Conclusion: In contrast to adults, no statistically significant racial differences in survival were present in pediatric IHCA.
Forward-viewing echoendoscope-guided pancreatic duct drainage using a diathermic dilator for a severely stenotic pancreaticojejunal anastomosis
Authors: Kenji Nakamura, Yutaka Takigawa, Yuki Masuda, Tadashi Katayama, Hiroshi Kishikawa, Junichi Matsui, Jiro Nishida
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Pancreatic duct (PD) drainage is mainly indicated for main pancreatic duct (MPD) stenosis owing to chronic pancreatitis and stenotic surgical anastomoses. Transpapillary or transanastomotic PD drainage can be performed by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) or balloon-assisted ERP but, for difficult cases, percutaneous or surgical PD drainage is considered [1] [2] [3]. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided PD drainage has been reported, with a high success rate [4].
Abstract 13178: Attainment of LDL-C Goals is Associated With Measures of Patient Engagement With Their Healthcare Providers
Authors: Dov Shiffman, Judy Z Louie, James J Devlin, Joshua W Knowles, Michael McPhaul
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Achieving optimal levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduces risk of cardiovascular events. We have found substantial gaps in LDL-C goal attainment in employees and spouses with an employer-sponsored medical plan. Understanding how patients’ engagement with healthcare providers affects LDL-C goal attainment may inform gap-closure programs. Methods: The study was drawn from 35,276 participants in an annual health assessment program offered by nation-wide clinical diagnostic provider to employees and spouses between September 2017 and June 2018. We excluded those with &lt;1 consecutive year of employer- sponsored health plan and those younger than 40 or older than 75. The analysis was further limited to 7,363 participants who would benefit from LDL-C management according to the AHA/ACC definition of patient-management groups. The association between attaining LDL-C goal and education, socioeconomic status, and self-reported measures of engagement with healthcare providers was assessed in age, sex, and ethnicity adjusted logistic regression models. Results: Attaining LDL-C goal was more likely in those with a personal physician than in those without (OR =2.25, 95%CI, 1.70 to 2.99, P &lt;0.0001). Similarly, greater confidence in selecting a physician, talking with a physician, or understanding medical benefits, as well as a more recent physical exam and a greater number of medications were associated with greater odds of attaining LDL-C goal ( Figure, all P values &lt;0.0001). Socioeconomic status and education levels were not associated with attaining LDL-C goals ( P &gt;0.05). Conclusion: Confidence in interaction with healthcare providers (understanding benefits, selecting a physician, and talking with a physician) was associated with LDL-C goal attainment in those with an employer-sponsored health plan. Improving patients’ confidence in their ability to interact with healthcare providers may improve LDL-C goal attainment.
Prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients with chronic non-cancer pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yishi Sun, Isabelle Laksono, Janannii Selvanathan, Aparna Saripella, Mahesh Nagappa, Chi Pham, Marina Englesakis, Philip Peng, Charles M. Morin, Frances Chung
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2021)
Non‐adherence to heart failure medications predicts clinical outcomes: assessment in a single spot urine sample by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (results of a prospective multicentre study)
Authors: Pankaj Gupta, Adriaan A. Voors, Prashanth Patel, Dan Lane, Stefan D. Anker, John G.F. Cleland, Kenneth Dickstein, Gerasimos Filippatos, Chim C. Lang, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Marco Metra, Faiez Zannad, Nilesh J. Samani, Don J.L. Jones, Iain B. Squire, Leong L. Ng
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)
Bioprinted Vascularized Mature Adipose Tissue with Collagen Microfibers for Soft Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Fiona Louis, Marie Piantino, Hao Liu, Dong-Hee Kang, Yoshihiro Sowa, Shiro Kitano, Michiya Matsusaki
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2021)

The development of soft tissue regeneration has recently gained importance due to safety concerns about artificial breast implants. Current autologous fat graft implantations can result in up to 90% of volume loss in long-term outcomes due to their limited revascularization. Adipose tissue has a highly vascularized structure which enables its proper homeostasis as well as its endocrine function. Mature adipocytes surrounded by a dense vascular network are the specific features required for efficient regeneration of the adipose tissue to perform host anastomosis after its implantation. Recently, bioprinting has been introduced as a promising solution to recreate in vitro this architecture in large-scale tissues. However, the in vitro induction of both the angiogenesis and adipogenesis differentiations from stem cells yields limited maturation states for these two pathways. To overcome these issues, we report a novel method for obtaining a fully vascularized adipose tissue reconstruction using supporting bath bioprinting. For the first time, directly isolated mature adipocytes encapsulated in a bioink containing physiological collagen microfibers (CMF) were bioprinted in a gellan gum supporting bath. These multilayered bioprinted tissues retained high viability even after 7 days of culture. Moreover, the functionality was also confirmed by the maintenance of fatty acid uptake from mature adipocytes. Therefore, this method of constructing fully functional adipose tissue regeneration holds promise for future clinical applications.