tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Prevalence of Prediabetes and Diabetes in Patients With Cancer in Clinical Practice: A Real-World Cohort Study
Authors: Dominik J. Ose, Richard Viskochil, Andreana N. Holowatyj, Mikaela Larson, Dalton Wilson, William A. Dunson, Vikrant G. Deshmukh, J. Ryan Butcher, Belinda R. Taylor, Kim Svoboda, Jennifer Leiser, Benjamin Tingey, Benjamin Haaland, David W. Wetter, Simon J. Fisher, Mia Hashibe, Cornelia M. Ulrich
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Background: This study aimed to understand the prevalence of prediabetes (preDM) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with cancer overall and by tumor site, cancer treatment, and time point in the cancer continuum. Methods: This cohort study was conducted at Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah. Patients with a first primary invasive cancer enrolled in the Total Cancer Care protocol between July 2016 and July 2018 were eligible. Prevalence of preDM and DM was based on ICD code, laboratory tests for hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, nonfasting blood glucose, or insulin prescription. Results: The final cohort comprised 3,512 patients with cancer, with a mean age of 57.8 years at cancer diagnosis. Of all patients, 49.1% (n=1,724) were female. At cancer diagnosis, the prevalence of preDM and DM was 6.0% (95% CI, 5.3%–6.8%) and 12.2% (95% CI, 11.2%–13.3%), respectively. One year after diagnosis the prevalence was 16.6% (95% CI, 15.4%–17.9%) and 25.0% (95% CI, 23.6%–26.4%), respectively. At the end of the observation period, the prevalence of preDM and DM was 21.2% (95% CI, 19.9%–22.6%) and 32.6% (95% CI, 31.1%–34.2%), respectively. Patients with myeloma (39.2%; 95% CI, 32.6%–46.2%) had the highest prevalence of preDM, and those with pancreatic cancer had the highest prevalence of DM (65.1%; 95% CI, 57.0%–72.3%). Patients who underwent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy had a higher prevalence of preDM and DM compared with those who did not undergo these therapies. Conclusions: Every second patient with cancer experiences preDM or DM. It is essential to foster interprofessional collaboration and to develop evidence-based practice guidelines. A better understanding of the impact of cancer treatment on the development of preDM and DM remains critical.
Back to the Future — The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs
Authors: Jeffrey A. Lieberman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

In The Doors of Perception, Aldous Huxley described his trial of mescaline as "the most extraordinary and significant experience available to human beings this side of the Beatific Vision." His exegesis was preceded by the synthesis of the hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) by Sandoz chemist Albert Hoffman in 1938 and was followed by Hoffman's extraction of psilocybin from Psilocybe mexicana in 1959.1 The convergence of scientific research and natural substances historically used by Indigenous peoples in healing and religious rituals sparked interest in what the British psychiatrist Sir Humphrey Osmond termed psychedelic (Greek for "mind manifesting") drugs. Excitement over . . .
A 3-Year-Old Girl With Recent Onset of Seizures and Asymmetric Hypermetabolic Activity on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Artineh Hayrapetian, Andrezza Dambroz, Ameen Seyedroudbari, Heinrich Schelbert, Pawan Gupta
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract A 3-year-old, previously healthy girl started having clusters of seizures, not responsive to multiple antiepileptic medications. High-dose prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulin could partially control the seizures. Lumbar puncture and CT were normal. An MRI showed right hemispheric injury and atrophy compatible with clinical suspicion of Rasmussen encephalitis. Neurological 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated asymmetric hypermetabolic activity in the right frontal and parietal lobes compatible with active inflammation. The patient underwent a right functional hemispherectomy, which confirmed clinical suspicion of Rasmussen encephalitis. During the follow-up, the patient has continued to take phenobarbital and levetiracetam (Keppra), with no recurrence of seizures.
Buprenorphine Opioid Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Reply
Authors: Thuy D. Nguyen, Brendan Saloner, Bradley D. Stein
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

In Reply We thank Luigi et al for their thoughtful comments highlighting the policy context of our study.1 Continued access to buprenorphine during the COVID-19 pandemic may be attributable to federal emergency guidelines allowing increased telehealth care.1
TYRO3 induces anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resistance by limiting innate immunity and tumoral ferroptosis
Authors: Zhou Jiang, Seung-Oe Lim, Meisi Yan, Jennifer L. Hsu, Jun Yao, Yongkun Wei, Shih-Shin Chang, Hirohito Yamaguchi, Heng-Huan Lee, Baozhen Ke, Jung-Mao Hsu, Li-Chuan Chan, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Liuqing Yang, Chunru Lin, Dihua Yu, Mien-Chie Hung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has demonstrated promising clinical outcomes for multiple cancer types. However, the emergence of resistance as well as inadequate biomarkers for patient stratification have largely limited the clinical benefits. Here, we showed that tumors with high TYRO3 expression exhibited anti–programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 (anti–PD-1/PD-L1) resistance in a syngeneic mouse model and in patients who received anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Mechanistically, TYRO3 inhibited tumor cell ferroptosis triggered by anti–PD-1/PD-L1 and facilitated the development of a protumor microenvironment by reducing the M1/M2 macrophage ratio, resulting in resistance to anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Inhibition of TYRO3 promoted tumor ferroptosis and sensitized resistant tumors to anti–PD-1 therapy. Collectively, our findings suggest that TYRO3 could serve as a predictive biomarker for patient selection and a promising therapeutic target to overcome anti–PD-1/PD-L1 resistance.
Re: Lucia Nappi, Marisa Thi, Nabil Adra, et al. Integrated Expression of Circulating miR375 and miR371 to Identify Teratoma and Active Germ Cell Malignancy Components in Malignant Germ Cell Tumors. Eur Urol 2021;79:16–9
Authors: Ailsa Christiansen, João Lobo, Christian D. Fankhauser
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Non-flavonoid polyphenols in osteoporosis: preclinical evidence
Authors: Daniele Bellavia, Fabio Caradonna, Eufrosina Dimarco, Viviana Costa, Valeria Carina, Angela De Luca, Lavinia Raimondi, Milena Fini, Carla Gentile, Gianluca Giavaresi
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (2021)
Covid-19: Suicide rates were static in rich countries in first months of pandemic, study finds
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19: Suicide rates were static in rich countries in first months of pandemic, study finds Jacqui WiseNumbers of suicides in high and upper middle income countries remained largely unchanged or were lower than expected levels in the early months of the covid-19 pandemic, shows a study in the Lancet Psychiatry.
Strategies to Identify Adults at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a large, multicenter, randomized clinical trial testing interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. A major challenge was to identify eligible high-risk adults, defined by DPP as having both impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (2-h glucose 140–199 mg/dl) and elevated fasting plasma glucose (EFG) (95–125 mg/dl). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We analyzed how screening yields would be affected by the presence of established risk factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, and family history of diabetes, and how much yields would be enhanced by preselecting individuals with elevated capillary blood glucose levels. Of 158,177 contacted adults, 79,190 were potentially eligible (no history of diabetes, age 25 years and older, BMI ≥24 kg/m2). We focus on the 30,383 participants who completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS—Based on OGTT, 27% had IGT with EFG, meeting DPP eligibility criteria for being at high risk of diabetes, and 13% had previously undiagnosed diabetes based on OGTT. Older age and higher BMI increased yield of high-risk individuals and those with newly discovered diabetes in most ethnic groups (whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians). In Asian Americans, age but not BMI predicted high risk and diabetes. Independent of age and BMI, the preliminary fasting capillary glucose predicted screening yield in all ethnic groups, with an inverted-U pattern defining DPP eligibility alone (IGT-EFG) and a steep curvilinear pattern defining either IGT-EFG or newly discovered diabetes. Fasting capillary glucose did not attenuate the affects of other participant characteristics in predicting IGT-EFG or the combination of IGT-EFG and newly discovered diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—The DPP screening approach identified adults with or at high risk for type 2 diabetes across various ethnic groups and provided guidance to more efficient use of OGTTs. Fasting capillary glucose is a useful adjunct in screening programs combined with data on age and adiposity.
Quantifying the Effect of Lower vs Higher Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Ventilator-Free Survival in ICU Patients—Reply
Authors: Ary Serpa Neto, Anna Geke Algera, Marcus J. Schultz
Journal: JAMA (2021)

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International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in North America and the Caribbean
Authors: Aminu K. Bello, Mark McIsaac, Ikechi G. Okpechi, David W. Johnson, Vivekanand Jha, David C.H. Harris, Syed Saad, Deenaz Zaidi, Mohamed A. Osman, Feng Ye, Meaghan Lunney, Kailash Jindal, Scott Klarenbach, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Csaba P. Kovesdy, Rulan S. Parekh, Bhanu Prasad, Maryam Khan, Parnian Riaz, Marcello Tonelli, Myles Wolf, Adeera Levin
Journal: Kidney International Supplements (2021)
Pulmonary embolism detected by CT pulmonary angiography in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: V. Bunel, L. Saker, N. Ajzenberg, J.F. Timsit, S. Najem, B. Lortat-Jacob, J. Gay, G. Weisenburger, H. Mal, A. Khalil
Journal: Pulmonology (2021)
A community-driven resource for genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance prediction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at Pathogenwatch
Authors: Leonor Sánchez-Busó, Corin A. Yeats, Benjamin Taylor, Richard J. Goater, Anthony Underwood, Khalil Abudahab, Silvia Argimón, Kevin C. Ma, Tatum D. Mortimer, Daniel Golparian, Michelle J. Cole, Yonatan H. Grad, Irene Martin, Brian H. Raphael, William M. Shafer, Katy Town, Teodora Wi, Simon R. Harris, Magnus Unemo, David M. Aanensen
Journal: Genome Medicine (2021)

Abstract Background Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an urgent threat to public health, as strains resistant to at least one of the two last-line antibiotics used in empiric therapy of gonorrhoea, ceftriaxone and azithromycin, have spread internationally. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) data can be used to identify new AMR clones and transmission networks and inform the development of point-of-care tests for antimicrobial susceptibility, novel antimicrobials and vaccines. Community-driven tools that provide an easy access to and analysis of genomic and epidemiological data is the way forward for public health surveillance. Methods Here we present a public health-focussed scheme for genomic epidemiology of N. gonorrhoeae at Pathogenwatch ( https://pathogen.watch/ngonorrhoeae ). An international advisory group of experts in epidemiology, public health, genetics and genomics of N. gonorrhoeae was convened to inform on the utility of current and future analytics in the platform. We implement backwards compatibility with MLST, NG-MAST and NG-STAR typing schemes as well as an exhaustive library of genetic AMR determinants linked to a genotypic prediction of resistance to eight antibiotics. A collection of over 12,000 N. gonorrhoeae genome sequences from public archives has been quality-checked, assembled and made public together with available metadata for contextualization. Results AMR prediction from genome data revealed specificity values over 99% for azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone and sensitivity values around 99% for benzylpenicillin and tetracycline. A case study using the Pathogenwatch collection of N. gonorrhoeae public genomes showed the global expansion of an azithromycin-resistant lineage carrying a mosaic mtr over at least the last 10 years, emphasising the power of Pathogenwatch to explore and evaluate genomic epidemiology questions of public health concern. Conclusions The N. gonorrhoeae scheme in Pathogenwatch provides customised bioinformatic pipelines guided by expert opinion that can be adapted to public health agencies and departments with little expertise in bioinformatics and lower-resourced settings with internet connection but limited computational infrastructure. The advisory group will assess and identify ongoing public health needs in the field of gonorrhoea, particularly regarding gonococcal AMR, in order to further enhance utility with modified or new analytic methods.
Author Correction: Therapeutic vaccination against leukaemia via the sustained release of co-encapsulated anti-PD-1 and a leukaemia-associated antigen
Authors: Xiaoling Xie, Yuxing Hu, Tong Ye, Yiran Chen, Lijuan Zhou, Feng Li, Xiaobo Xi, Shuang Wang, Yanjie He, Xiaoyong Gao, Wei Wei, Guanghui Ma, Yuhua Li
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2021)
Outcome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with extranodal natural killer/ <scp>T‐Cell</scp> lymphoma, nasal type: A French study from the Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire ( <scp>SFGM‐TC</scp> )
Authors: Laure Philippe Walter, Lucile Couronné, Jean‐Philippe Jais, Phong‐Dinh Nguyen, Didier Blaise, Arnaud Pigneux, Gérard Socié, Catherine Thieblemont, Emmanuel Bachy, Nathalie Fegueux, Patrice Chevallier, Mohamad Mohty, Ibrahim Yakoub‐Agha, Regis Peffault de Latour, Arnaud Jaccard, Olivier Hermine
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2021)

Abstract We evaluated the outcome of 65 French patients with Extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (19 allogeneic and 46 autologous). Fifty‐four patients (83%), most of which receiving L‐asparaginase (L‐aspa) containing regimens (81%), achieved complete or partial response at time of HCST. After a median follow‐up of 79.9 months, 4‐years progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were similar in both autologous and allogeneic groups (PFS: 34% vs. 26%, p = .12 and OS: 52% vs. 53%, p = .74). Response status at HSCT was the major independent prognostic factor on survival (OS: HR: 4.013 [1.137; 14.16], p = .031 and PFS: HR: 5.231 [1.625; 16.838], p = .006). As compared to control patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy containing regimens only, upfront HSCT did not improve the outcome of responder patients, including those treated by L‐aspa. However, it tends to provide survival benefit for relapsed patients with initial high‐risk clinical features who achieved second remission. Whereas the place of HSCT in upfront therapy has still to be clarified, these data confirm that HSCT should be considered for consolidation in selected patients with relapsed ENKTL. Based on a large non Asian ENKTL cohort since the L‐aspa era, this study provides some insight into the survival patterns of ENKTL patients with HSCT in the Western hemisphere and may give future direction for the next clinical trial design.
Can endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) replace celiotomy in predicting stage and resectability of gastric carcinoma (GC)
Authors: C. De Angelis, T. Gindro, A. Arrigoni, C. Indiogine, A. Andriulli, S. Recchia, A. Pera, G. Verme
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)
Clinician Burnout Associated With Sex, Clinician Type, Work Culture, and Use of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Eugenia McPeek-Hinz, Mina Boazak, J. Bryan Sexton, Kathryn C. Adair, Vivian West, Benjamin A. Goldstein, Robert S. Alphin, Sherif Idris, W. Ed Hammond, Shelley E. Hwang, Jonathan Bae
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Electronic health records (EHRs) are considered a potentially significant contributor to clinician burnout. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe the association of EHR usage, sex, and work culture with burnout for 3 types of clinicians at an academic medical institution. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study of 1310 clinicians at a large tertiary care academic medical center analyzed EHR usage metrics for the month of April 2019 with results from a well-being survey from May 2019. Participants included attending physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), and house staff from various specialties. Data were analyzed between March 2020 and February 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Clinician demographic characteristics, EHR metadata, and an institution-wide survey. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Study metrics included clinician demographic data, burnout score, well-being measures, and EHR usage metadata. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 1310 clinicians analyzed, 542 (41.4%) were men (mean [SD] age, 47.3 [11.6] years; 448 [82.7%] White clinicians, 52 [9.6%] Asian clinicians, and 21 [3.9%] Black clinicians) and 768 (58.6%) were women (mean [SD] age, 42.6 [10.3] years; 573 [74.6%] White clinicians, 105 [13.7%] Asian clinicians, and 50 [6.5%] Black clinicians). Women reported more burnout (survey score ≥50: women, 423 [52.0%] vs men, 258 [47.6%];<i>P</i> = .008) overall. No significant differences in EHR usage were found by sex for multiple metrics of time in the EHR, metrics of volume of clinical encounters, or differences in products of clinical care. Multivariate analysis of burnout revealed that work culture domains were significantly associated with self-reported results for commitment (odds ratio [OR], 0.542; 95% CI, 0.427-0.688;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and work-life balance (OR, 0.643; 95% CI, 0.559-0.739;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Clinician sex significantly contributed to burnout, with women having a greater likelihood of burnout compared with men (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.01-1.75;<i>P</i> = .04). An increased number of days spent using the EHR system was associated with less likelihood of burnout (OR, 0.966; 95% CI, 0.937-0.996;<i>P</i> = .03). Overall, EHR metrics accounted for 1.3% of model variance (<i>P</i> = .001) compared with work culture accounting for 17.6% of variance (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cross-sectional study, sex-based differences in EHR usage and burnout were found in clinicians. These results also suggest that local work culture factors may contribute more to burnout than metrics of EHR usage.
PTH-054 Endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd) of gastric and rectal neuroendocrine tumours (nets): a case series from a tertiary referral centre (with video)
Authors: A Murino, A Telese, N Koukias, E Vlachou, C Toumpanakis, D Mandair, TV Luong, M Caplin, C Murray, EJ Despott
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  Gastrointestinal (GI) neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are potentially malignant lesions originating from GI neuroendocrine cells. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced, complex endoscopic technique developed in Japan, which allows for en-bloc resection of mucosal and submucosal lesions.  To assess the effectiveness and safety of ESD for the management of gastric and rectal NETs.  Method  Retrospective review of GI NETs resected by ESD at our institution between October 2014 and February 2017. Demographic, endoscopic, histopathological and follow-up data were collected and analysed.  Results  Six ESDs were performed in 5 patients (all women, mean age 57.8±12.1 years). Five NETs were located in the stomach (83%) and 1 in the rectum (17%). Mean lesion diameter was 14 mm ±2.2 mm. Histopathological analysis showed 3 (50%) well-differentiated grade G1 NETs and 3 (50%) well-differentiated grade G2 NETs. R0 resection was obtained in 5 lesions (83%) while R1 resection was encountered in only 1 case (17%). Microvascular invasion was observed in l case (13%) of a gastric G2 NET but the patient did not require any further treatment. Deep muscle injury occurred in only 1 case and was managed successfully with prophylactic endoscopic clipping. No significant adverse events (i.e. perforation, bleeding, sepsis or need for surgery) were observed. At >3 months follow-up (range: 28–5 months, mean follow-up 21.7 months) all 4 patients with R0 resections have shown no evidence of recurrence.  Conclusion  ESD appears to be an effective, minimally invasive and safe alternative to major surgery for resection of gastric and rectal NETs.  Disclosure of Interest  A. Murino: None Declared, A Telese: None Declared, N Koukias: None Declared, E Vlachou Conflict with: Fujifilm and Aquilant Medical, C Toumpanakis: None Declared, D Mandair: None Declared, TV Luong: None Declared, M Caplin: None Declared, C Murray: None Declared, E Despott Conflict with: Fujifilm and Aquilant Medical