Public health institutes and the fight against climate change
Authors: Mathilde Pascal, Revati Phalkey, Louise Rigal, Amandine Zoonekyndt, Arnaud Mathieu, Emma L Gillingham, Sébastien Denys, Isabel Oliver, Geneviève Chêne, Duncan Selbie
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

Public health actors, and especially national public health institutes (NPHIs), should play a central role in the joint actions that are urgently needed to mitigate climate change, restore nature, and adapt to new risks.1The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeSummary for policymakers.in: Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva2021Google Scholar, 2Pörtner HO Scholes RJ Agard J et al.IPBES–IPCC co-sponsored workshop report on biodiversity and climate change. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn2021Google Scholar NPHIs are science-based organisations operating at the national and subnational level. Their main functions include, but are not limited to, surveillance and control of health risks, early warning systems, emergency management, regulation, prevention and health promotion, community engagement, social mobilisation for health, and research. The COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated just how crucial these functions are to population wellbeing. The functions of NPHIs are already affected by climate change worldwide.3International Association of National Public Health InstitutesSurvey results—the role of national public health institutes in climate change adaptation and mitigation 2021. International Association of National Public Health Institutes, Saint Maurice2021Google Scholar Some are essential in designing evidence-based adaptation policies (eg, emergency preparedness and prevention) and supporting mitigation policies (eg, promotion of interventions on key determinants of health such as diets, lifestyles, or air pollution). However, so far, effective contributions of NPHIs to adaptation plans and mitigation strategies for climate change have remained limited, with a primary focus on health surveillance and response to a rather small number of risks (eg, heat, extreme weather events, and vector-borne, food-borne, and water-borne diseases).3International Association of National Public Health InstitutesSurvey results—the role of national public health institutes in climate change adaptation and mitigation 2021. International Association of National Public Health Institutes, Saint Maurice2021Google Scholar Other public health tools such as risk assessment, social participation, health promotion, advocacy, or reductions of health inequities are underutilised.3International Association of National Public Health InstitutesSurvey results—the role of national public health institutes in climate change adaptation and mitigation 2021. International Association of National Public Health Institutes, Saint Maurice2021Google Scholar Moreover, there are insufficient published studies reporting and discussing the efficiency of current climate change and health adaptation.4Berrang-Ford L Sietsma AJ Callaghan M et al.Systematic mapping of global research on climate and health: a machine learning review.Lancet Planet Health. 2021; 5: e514-e525Google Scholar The International Association of National Public Health Institutes has developed a roadmap5International Association of National Public Health InstitutesIANPHI roadmap for action on health and climate change–engaging and supporting National Public Health Institutes as key climate actors. International Association of National Public Health Institutes, Saint Maurice2021Google Scholar to strengthen the role of NPHIs in climate change mitigation and adaptation policies over the next 5 years. Its priorities are the following: first, to develop advocacy actions on public health and climate change; second, to enhance capacity strengthening, competence development, and training within NPHIs; third, to increase multisectoral collaborations from the local to the international level on major environmental and social determinants of health relevant to climate actions; fourth, to support the reduction of the environmental footprint of public health services; and fifth, to monitor progress in NPHIs' involvement in climate change policies. This roadmap also calls for results-oriented implementation research, focusing on the following: integrated analysis of the overlapping and cascading effects of climate change, development of common indicators to support adaptation and mitigation policies, evaluation of current adaptation strategies, evaluation of the health promotion tools that could support mitigation strategies, and actionable translation of the concepts of One Health and Planetary Health. Finally, NPHIs should be more involved in research on climate change and health to harness their key roles in translating science into policy and practice. We declare no competing interests. The views expressed here are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of their institutions.