tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years — Long Beach, California, April 1–December 10, 2020
Authors: Kyle Yomogida, Sophie Zhu, Francesca Rubino, Wilma Figueroa, Nora Balanji, Emily Holman
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, also known as "long COVID," is used to describe the long-term symptoms that might be experienced weeks to months after primary infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Among persons with a previous COVID-19 diagnosis, estimates of the prevalence of sequelae range from 5% among nonhospitalized persons to 80% among hospitalized persons (1,2). Studies have analyzed the aftereffects of COVID-19, but few have assessed the demographic characteristics associated with long COVID (3,4). Health disparities resulting from pervasive structural and socioeconomic barriers in the U.S. health care system might contribute to differences in these effects and might continue to exacerbate existing inequities (5). To identify trends in post-acute sequelae, the Long Beach Department of Health and Human Services (LBDHHS) interviewed a random sample of 366 persons aged ≥18 years who received a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result during April 1-December 10, 2020. One third of the persons interviewed reported having at least one symptom 2 months after their positive test result, with higher odds of sequelae among persons aged 40-54 years, females, and those with preexisting conditions. Black or African American (Black) participants had higher odds of reporting dyspnea and myalgia/arthralgia compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Persons who were aged ≥40 years, female, Black, or who reported known preexisting conditions also reported higher numbers of distinct sequelae. As the number of recovered COVID-19 patients increases, monitoring the prevalence of post-acute sequelae among larger cohorts in diverse populations will be necessary to understand and manage this condition. Identification of groups disproportionately affected by post-acute COVID-19 sequelae can help develop efforts to prioritize preventions and treatment strategies, including vaccination of groups at higher risk for these long-term sequelae, and access to testing and care for post-acute sequelae.
Patient apprehensions about the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare
Authors: Jordan P. Richardson, Cambray Smith, Susan Curtis, Sara Watson, Xuan Zhu, Barbara Barry, Richard R. Sharp
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2021)

Abstract While there is significant enthusiasm in the medical community about the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare, few research studies have sought to assess patient perspectives on these technologies. We conducted 15 focus groups examining patient views of diverse applications of AI in healthcare. Our results indicate that patients have multiple concerns, including concerns related to the safety of AI, threats to patient choice, potential increases in healthcare costs, data-source bias, and data security. We also found that patient acceptance of AI is contingent on mitigating these possible harms. Our results highlight an array of patient concerns that may limit enthusiasm for applications of AI in healthcare. Proactively addressing these concerns is critical for the flourishing of ethical innovation and ensuring the long-term success of AI applications in healthcare.
Associations between costs of oral hormonal therapies for prostate cancer, financial assistance mechanisms, and time on treatment.
Authors: Eric B Schwartz, Angelina Jeong, Andrea Roman, Rachel McDevitt, Elyssa Henry, Christine M. Veenstra, Megan Veresh Caram
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

61 Background: Numerous oral anticancer drugs approved for metastatic prostate cancer are expensive and put patients at risk for financial toxicity. Mechanisms to mitigate these costs are complex to navigate and are variable for different patient populations. We examined the impact of high costs and insurance type on time on therapy and reason for discontinuation of oral medication in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: We identified patients with prostate cancer who filled prescriptions for abiraterone or enzalutamide at our comprehensive cancer center 1/1/17-3/31/19, or who were prescribed one of these therapies but could not fill due to cost. Those with commercial insurance or Medicare part D were included. Clinical and demographic data was extracted for evaluation. Primary outcome variables included initial out-of-pocket cost, time on treatment, and failure to fill medication due to cost. Analysis using chi squared, T-tests and ANOVA was performed to assess associations. Results: We identified 193 patients. Of these, 34% had commercial insurance and 66% had Medicare part D. Mean out-of-pocket expense for the first fill was $62 for patients with commercial insurance and $582 for patients with Medicare Part D. Among those who did not fill due to cost, 9 had Medicare Part D and 1 had commercial insurance. The mean time on therapy for those with commercial insurance was 452 days vs 442 days for those with Medicare Part D. At time of data analysis, 50% of those with commercial insurance vs 45% of those with Medicare Part D remained on treatment. Of those who discontinued, 50% of those with commercial insurance did so due to progression or death vs 44% with Medicare part D. 14% with commercial insurance and 15% with Medicare part D discontinued to due patient preference or toxicities. 1 patient with Medicare part D and no patients with commercial insurance discontinued due to cost. There was no difference in time on therapy by out-of-pocket expense (average 444 days for out-of-pocket &lt; $100 vs 477 days for out-of pocket &gt; $100; p = 0.6) although those with an initial out of pocket expense &gt; $100 were more likely not to fill their medication (24% vs 1%, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Costs remain high for oral prostate cancer treatments. Our findings suggest disproportionate financial burden among patients with Medicare Part D causing a significant number of patients to forego recommended therapy. While high costs did lead to failure to fill, we did not observe significant differences in time on treatment for patients with Medicare part D or with high out-of-pocket expense. Additionally, there was not a significant difference in stated reason for stopping therapy. Further research on patient perceptions of financial assistance programs and medication costs are planned.
Retroperitoneal Recurrence of Melanotic Schwannoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xiangliu OuYang, Lichun Zheng, Xiaoming Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract Melanotic schwannoma is an uncommon nerve sheath neoplasm. Only 10% of melanotic schwannoma are malignant whereas metastases from melanotic schwannoma are much less common. Hereby we present FDG PET/CT findings of recurrent left retroperitoneal melanotic schwannoma with widespread metastases in a 50-year-old man.
WITHDRAWN: FOXC1 modulates stem-like cell properties and chemoresistance through hedgehog and EMT signaling in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jun Lu, Long-long Cao, Yu Xu, Xiao-yan Huang, Soo-Jeong Cho, Hassan Ashktorab, Duane T. Smoot, Ping Li, Chao-hui Zheng, Ji-Won Kim, Sandra W. Ryeom, Sam S. Yoon, Changhwan Yoon, Chang-ming Huang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2021)
The Importance of Interfaces in Multi‐Material Biofabricated Tissue Structures
Authors: Martina Viola, Susanna Piluso, Jürgen Groll, Tina Vermonden, Jos Malda, Miguel Castilho
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Biofabrication exploits additive manufacturing techniques for creating 3D structures with a precise geometry that aim to mimic a physiological cellular environment and to develop the growth of native tissues. The most recent approaches of 3D biofabrication integrate multiple technologies into a single biofabrication platform combining different materials within different length scales to achieve improved construct functionality. However, the importance of interfaces between the different material phases, has not been adequately explored. This is known to determine material's interaction and ultimately mechanical and biological performance of biofabricated parts. In this review, this gap is bridged by critically examining the interface between different material phases in (bio)fabricated structures, with a particular focus on how interfacial interactions can compromise or define the mechanical (and biological) properties of the engineered structures. It is believed that the importance of interfacial properties between the different constituents of a composite material, deserves particular attention in its role in modulating the final characteristics of 3D tissue‐like structures.
Therapeutic targeting of hepatic ACSL4 ameliorates NASH in mice
Authors: Jingjing Duan, Zhuo Wang, Ran Duan, Chenxinhui Yang, Ruolin Zhao, Qi Feng, Yuanyuan Qin, Jingwei Jiang, Shouyong Gu, Kaiyan Lv, Libo Zhang, Bixia He, Lutz Birnbaumer, Song Yang, Zhen Chen, Yong Yang
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Globally, NAFLD is one of the most common liver disorders, with an estimated prevalence rate of more than 30% in men and 15% in women and an even higher prevalence in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Optimal pharmacologic therapeutic approaches for NAFLD are an urgent necessity.In this study, we showed that compared with healthy controls, hepatic ACSL4 levels in patients with NAFLD were found to be elevated. Suppression of ACSL4 expression promoted mitochondrial respiration, thereby enhancing the capacity of hepatocytes to mediate β-oxidation of fatty acids and to minimize lipid accumulation by up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1 alpha. Moreover, we found that abemaciclib is a potent and selective ACSL4 inhibitor, and low dose of abemaciclib significantly ameliorated most of the NAFLD symptoms in multiple NAFLD mice models.Therefore, inhibition of ACSL4 is a potential alternative therapeutic approach for NAFLD.
pH‐Sensitive Molecular‐Switch‐Containing Polymer Nanoparticle for Breast Cancer Therapy with Ferritinophagy‐Cascade Ferroptosis and Tumor Immune Activation
Authors: Tiantian Zuo, Tianxu Fang, Jun Zhang, Jie Yang, Rui Xu, Zhihua Wang, Huizi Deng, Qi Shen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Ferritin internalized into tumor cells is degraded and releases iron ions via ferritinophagy. Iron ions participate in Fenton reaction to produce reactive oxygen species for lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Inhibition of indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) decreases tryptophan elimination to induce T cells activation for tumor immunosuppression relief. The active tumor targeting nanoparticles containing ferritin and a pH‐sensitive molecular‐switch (FPBC@SN) are developed to utilize ferritinophagy‐cascade ferroptosis and tumor immunity activation for cancer therapy. FPBC@SN disintegrates in acidic cytoplasm and releases sorafenib (SRF) and IDO inhibitor (NLG919). SRF upregulates nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) to induce ferritin and endogenous iron pool degradation by ferritinophagy, then obtained iron ions participate in the Fenton reaction to produce lipid peroxide (LPO). Meanwhile, SRF blocks glutathione synthesis to downregulate glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) which can scavenge LPO as a different pathway from ferritinophagy to promote ferroptosis in tumor cells. NLG919 inhibits IDO to reduce tryptophan metabolism, so immunity in tumors is aroused to anti‐tumor. In vitro and in vivo experiments prove FPBC@SN inhibits tumor cell growth and metastasis, indicating the potential of FPBC@SN for breast cancer therapy based on the combination of ferritinophagy‐cascade ferroptosis and tumor immunity activation.
Trends in use of one, two, and three-line NCCNcategory 1 regimens among Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) patients receiving treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Gabriela Dieguez, Samantha Tomicki, David DeStephano, Paul Cockrum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

297 Background: There is limited research evaluating the share of patients (pts) with metastatic pancreatic cancer (m-PANC) treated according to NCCN guidelines. Methods: We identified pts with m-PANC using ICD-10 diagnosis codes in the 2016-2019 Medicare Parts A/B/D 100% Research Identifiable Files. Study pts had 2+ claims with a pancreatic cancer diagnosis and Medicare FFS coverage for 6 months pre- and 3 months post-metastatic disease diagnosis. A line of therapy (LOT) was assigned based on the order and number of therapies used. Pts with one, two, or three LOTs were defined as treated according to NCCN Category 1 guidelines if, in each LOT, pts used one of the following regimens: FOLFIRINOX (FFX), gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (gem/nab), gemcitabine + erlotinib, gemcitabine monotherapy, or 5-FU + leucovorin + liposomal irinotecan. Multi-drug LOTs were excluded from the analysis. Results: We identified 31,782 pts with m-PANC. 21,304 received one LOT, 7,352 received two LOTs, and 3,126 received three LOTs between 2016 and 2019. Among pts who received one or two LOTs, a higher portion were treated according to NCCN Category 1 guidelines in 2019 (72% and 43%, respectively) than in 2016 (64% and 33%, respectively). Among pts who received three LOTs, a higher portion were treated according to NCCN Category 1 guidelines in 2019 (17%) than in 2017 (12%); too few pts were treated in 2016 to make a comparison. From 2016 to 2019, FFX had the largest increase in share of pts receiving only one NCCN Category 1 LOT (11% to 27%) and gem-mono had the largest decrease (30% to 17%). Among pts receiving two NCCN Category 1 LOTs, gem/nab to liposomal irinotecan sequences had the largest increase in share of pts (18% to 32%) and gem/nab to FFX had the largest decrease (17% to 10%). Among pts receiving three NCCN Category 1 LOTs, patient share for FFX to gem/nab to Liposomal irinotecan was 35% in 2019, while gem/nab to FFX to Liposomal was 8%; pt counts in earlier years were too small to calculate patient share. Conclusions: The use of NCCN Category 1 therapies increased consistently from 2016 to 2019 among pts that received one, two, and three lines of therapy. FFX drove increases in NCCN Category 1 utilization among patients receiving one line of therapy, and gem/nab to liposomal irinotecan sequences were the primary drivers of the increase among patients receiving two lines of therapy. FFX to gem/nab to liposomal irinotecan was the primary driver of increase among patients receiving three lines of therapy.
Multiple Systemic Lesions in a Middle-aged Woman With a History of Lymphoma
Authors: Deacon Z. J. Lee, Elsie T. Nguyen, Harry Rakowski
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Next-generation strategies for gene-targeted therapies of central nervous system disorders: A workshop summary
Authors: Jill A. Morris, Chris H. Boshoff, Nina F. Schor, Ling M. Wong, Guangping Gao, Beverly L. Davidson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2021)

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) held a workshop titled "Next generation strategies for gene-targeted therapies of central nervous system (CNS) disorders" in September 2019 in Bethesda, MD, USA. The meeting brought together a multi-disciplinary group of experts in the field of CNS-directed gene-targeted therapy delivery from academia, industry, advocacy, and the government. The group was charged with identifying the key challenges and gaps in this evolving field, as well as suggesting potential solutions. The workshop was divided into four sessions: (1) control of level and location, (2) improving delivery and distribution, (3) enhancing models and manufacturing, and (4) impacting patients. Prior to the workshop, NINDS established working groups of key opinion leaders (KOLs) for each session. In pre-meeting teleconferences, KOLs were tasked with identifying the research gaps and key obstacles that delay and/or prevent gene-targeted therapies to move into the clinic. This approach allowed for the workshop to begin with problem-solving discussions and strategy development, as the key issues had been established. The overall purpose of the workshop was to consider knowledge gaps and potential strategies to inform the community around CNS gene-targeted therapies, including but not limited to researchers and funders. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) held a workshop titled "Next generation strategies for gene-targeted therapies of central nervous system (CNS) disorders" in September 2019 in Bethesda, MD, USA. The meeting brought together a multi-disciplinary group of experts in the field of CNS-directed gene-targeted therapy delivery from academia, industry, advocacy, and the government. The group was charged with identifying the key challenges and gaps in this evolving field, as well as suggesting potential solutions. The workshop was divided into four sessions: (1) control of level and location, (2) improving delivery and distribution, (3) enhancing models and manufacturing, and (4) impacting patients. Prior to the workshop, NINDS established working groups of key opinion leaders (KOLs) for each session. In pre-meeting teleconferences, KOLs were tasked with identifying the research gaps and key obstacles that delay and/or prevent gene-targeted therapies to move into the clinic. This approach allowed for the workshop to begin with problem-solving discussions and strategy development, as the key issues had been established. The overall purpose of the workshop was to consider knowledge gaps and potential strategies to inform the community around CNS gene-targeted therapies, including but not limited to researchers and funders.
Chemogenetic Approaches to Probe Redox Pathways: Implications for Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Toxicology
Authors: Benjamin Steinhorn, Emrah Eroglu, Thomas Michel
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2021)

Chemogenetics refers to experimental systems that dynamically regulate the activity of a recombinant protein by providing or withholding the protein's specific biochemical stimulus. Chemogenetic tools permit precise dynamic control of specific signaling molecules to delineate the roles of those molecules in physiology and disease. Yeast d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) enables chemogenetic manipulation of intracellular redox balance by generating hydrogen peroxide only in the presence of d-amino acids. Advances in biosensors have allowed the precise quantitation of these signaling molecules. The combination of chemogenetic approaches with biosensor methodologies has opened up new lines of investigation, allowing the analysis of intracellular redox pathways that modulate physiological and pathological cell responses. We anticipate that newly developed transgenic chemogenetic models will permit dynamic modulation of cellularredox balance in diverse cells and tissues and will facilitate the identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets involved in both physiological redox pathways and pathological oxidative stress.
Clare Gerada: From clap to slap—general practice in crisis
Authors: Clare Gerada
Journal: BMJ (2021)

A journalist sat with me in my clinic recently to witness the nuts and bolts of a GP’s day.1 This was a first for me. Watching me at work involved none of the razzamatazz so loved by the media: no high vis jackets or equipment constantly beeping, no crowds of staff in hospital scrubs rushing to save the life of a patient.

My work has none of these (other than the grunts and groans when the IT system fails again). Instead, it involves sifting slowly and expertly through the huge burden of undifferentiated distress that patients present with—day in, day out. General practice delivers 1.22 million appointments every …
A Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of Cashmere Goat Hair Follicle Morphogenesis
Authors: Wei Ge, Weidong Zhang, Yuelang Zhang, Yujie Zheng, Fang Li, Shanhe Wang, Jinwang Liu, Shaojing Tan, Zihui Yan, Lu Wang, Wei Shen, Lei Qu, Xin Wang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2021)

Abstract Cashmere, also known as soft gold, is produced from the secondary hair follicles (SHFs) of cashmere goats. The number of SHFs determines the yield and quality of cashmere; therefore, it is of interest to investigate the transcriptional profiles present during cashmere goat hair follicle development. However, mechanisms underlying this development process remain largely unexplored, and studies regarding hair follicle development mostly use a murine research model. In this study, to provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular heterogeneity and cell fate decisions, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 19,705 single cells of the dorsal skin from cashmere goat fetuses at induction (embryonic day 60; E60), organogenesis (E90), and cytodifferentiation (E120) stages. For the first time, unsupervised clustering analysis identified 16 cell clusters, and their corresponding cell types were also characterized. Based on lineage inference, a detailed molecular landscape was revealed along the dermal and epidermal cell lineage developmental pathways. Notably, our current data also confirmed the heterogeneity of dermal papillae from different hair follicle types, which was further validated by immunofluorescence analysis. The current study identifies different biomarkers during cashmere goat hair follicle development and has implications for cashmere goat breeding in the future.