tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Uncommon Cause of Weight Loss
Authors: P Chu
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Results 59-year-old gentleman was referred to clinic for weight loss of 10kg over 3months. He had appendicectomy and partial colectomy in mainland China 20years ago for intestinal obstruction, partial gastrectomy for perforated peptic ulcer 10years ago. Detailed operative record was not traceable.For years he has had on and off diarrhea, significant weight loss over the recent 3months. Blood tests showed hypokalemia, low B12, macrocytic anemia, hypoalbuminemia. Upper endoscopy showed Billroth II gastrectomy otherwise unremarkable. Barium meal and follow-through showed partial gastrectomy with normal transit time from stomach to colon. Colonoscopy showed poor bowel preparation with sticky stool obscuring mucosal surface; two small bowel-colon anastomoses at 50cm from anal verge. Unremarkable PET-CT and albumin scintiscan. He suffered an episode of severe hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia, pulmonary edema complicated by septicemia, DIC necessitating intensive care.
Intravital detection of skin capillary aneurysms by videomicroscopy with indocyanine green in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and related disorders.
Authors: ABollinger, BSaesseli, UHoffmann, U KFranzeck
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Conventional capillaroscopy and infrared fluorescence videomicroscopy with indocyanine green were performed at the nailfold in 12 healthy controls and 38 patients with microangiopathy due to systemic sclerosis or related disorders. Saccular aneurysms featuring head and neck (type 1) and aneurysmatic enlargements (type 2) were defined. Microaneurysms were located at the apex or near the apex of capillary loops and were significantly more common in patients than in controls (p less than 0.02 for type 1 and p less than 0.001 for type 2). Combination of the two lesions was found only in patients and appears to be a valuable new diagnostic sign for the presence of microangiopathy. In comparison with conventional capillaroscopy, about twice as many microaneurysms were detected by videomicroscopy with indocyanine green coupling almost completely to plasma proteins. The new technique allows visualization of capillary aneurysms even when filled only by plasma.
Alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization during hemorrhagic hypotension in the rat.
Authors: H ESavaki, HMacpherson, JMcCulloch
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

The alterations in local cerebral glucose utilization in 58 anatomically discrete regions which occur during a period of hemorrhagic hypotension have been investigated in conscious rats, using the quantitative autoradiographic 14C-deoxyglucose technique. Hemorrhagic hypotension (mean arterial pressure reduced by approximately 50 mm Hg) effected significant increases in glucose utilization in eight areas of the central nervous system, namely, the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (glucose utilization increased by 38%), the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (by 36%), locus coeruleus (by 38%), lateral habenular nucleus (by 40%), periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (by 41%), paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (by 97%), supraoptic nucleus (by 86%), and the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis (by 84%). In five of these eight areas (nucleus of the tractus solitarius, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, and the interstitial nucleus of the stria termi...
心房細動患者における肺静脈隔離後に起こる急速及び不規則頻脈(偽心房租動)の評価
Authors: Kuwahara T, Takahashi A, Yokoyama Y, Kobori A, Yamauchi Y, Nogami A, Aonuma K, Iesaka Y, Isobe M
Journal: Circulation (2005)
Comparative effects of pacing-induced and flow-limited ischemia on left ventricular function.
Authors: R JApplegate, R AWalsh, R AO'Rourke
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We compared left ventricular (LV) myocardial blood flow and function accompanying severe demand ischemia (rapid atrial pacing in the presence of critical bilateral coronary stenoses) and supply ischemia (complete bilateral coronary occlusion) of the same ischemic regions in 14 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Pacing-induced ischemia resulted in pronounced reductions in average regional epicardial blood flow (0.8 +/- 0.4 vs. control 1.2 +/- 0.4 [+/- SD] ml/g/min, p less than 0.05) and endocardial blood flow (0.4 +/- 0.1 vs. control 1.3 +/- 0.3 ml/g/min, p less than 0.05). More severe reductions in average regional epicardial and endocardial blood flow were seen after bilateral coronary occlusion (BCO) (0.3 +/- 0.3 and 0.1 +/- 0.1 vs. control 1.3 +/- 0.3 ml/g/min, p less than 0.05, respectively). Hemodynamics of postpacing ischemia (PPi) were consistently characterized by systolic impairment including depressed systolic contractile performance [(+)dP/dtmax 1,281 +/- 442 vs. control 2,173 +/- 775 mm Hg/sec, ...
Bell's palsy and surgery.
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MEDICALJUNLrenal function can usually be arrested, and the condition of some patients may even improve, though all are left with substantial renal damage.Koutsaimanis and de Wardener note that three of their patients deteriorated after surgical operations.They suggest that the fall in total blood flow through the kidneys owing to the anaesthetic and to loss of blood may combine with the local reduction in medullary blood flow brought about by antidiuretic hormone to produce critical ischaemia and necrosis of damaged papillae.This effect should be distin- guished from the transient postoperative rise in blood urea that is often seen in patients with chronic renal failure and may be attributed to increased protein catabolism and dim- inished fluid intake.Dehydration alone may precipitate papillary necrosis in infants,9 and experimentally it facilitates the development of this lesion in animals given mixtures of phenacetin and salicylates.10Clearly when operations are carried out on these patients scrupulous care is needed to ensure that hypotension is avoided and adequate hydration is maintained.The relative roles of phenacetin and salicylates in causing analgesic nephropathy have been debated.This is because most patients have taken mixtures of the two, and it has proved much easier to produce papillary necrosis experimentally with salicylates than with phenacetin.10 11 Koutsaimanis and de Wardener note that, despite the fact that the consumption of salicylates greatly exceeds that of phenacetin, only five patients have been described who developed papillary necrosis after taking salicylates alone.Experimental evidence obtained in rats may not be applicable to man, and the impressive epidemiological evidence which they review indicates that phenacetin is the most important factor.Simultaneous ingestion of salicylate and dehydration may aggravate the harmful effects of phenacetin.Recently reports have linked an excessive intake of phenacetin with an increased incidence of tumours of the renal pelvis.'2Again, the evidence is not conclusive, but it adds weight to the suggestion that phenacetin should not be sold without a prescription.
Behavior of right and left ventricles during episodes of variant angina in relation to the site of coronary vasospasm.
Authors: DNeglia, OParodi, PMarzullo, GSambuceti, CMarcassa, CMichelassi, AL'Abbate
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The effects of single-vessel coronary occlusion on simultaneously evaluated right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) performance were assessed and compared with LV perfusion patterns in 25 patients with variant angina. Coronary spasm involved the right coronary artery in 15 patients (group 1) and the left anterior descending coronary artery in 10 patients (group 2). Biventricular function was assessed by radionuclide angiography under basal conditions, during spontaneous or ergonovine-induced ischemia, and after resolution of the ischemic attack. Myocardial perfusion was assessed by thallium 201 scintigraphy in 21 patients of this series during superimposable ischemic episodes. In group 1, ischemia caused RV (14 of 15 patients) and LV (13 of 15 patients) regional dysfunction with significant reduction in RV and LV ejection fractions. The interventricular spetum was involved in six of 15 patients, causing a more pronounced LV impairment. In group 2, all patients showed septal dyssynergies associated with a red...
SARS-CoV-2 drives JAK1/2-dependent local complement hyperactivation
Authors: Bingyu Yan, Tilo Freiwald, Daniel Chauss, Luopin Wang, Erin West, Carmen Mirabelli, Charles J. Zhang, Eva-Maria Nichols, Nazish Malik, Richard Gregory, Marcus Bantscheff, Sonja Ghidelli-Disse, Martin Kolev, Tristan Frum, Jason R. Spence, Jonathan Z. Sexton, Konstantinos D. Alysandratos, Darrell N. Kotton, Stefania Pittaluga, Jack Bibby, Nathalie Niyonzima, Matthew R. Olson, Shahram Kordasti, Didier Portilla, Christiane E. Wobus, Arian Laurence, Michail S. Lionakis, Claudia Kemper, Behdad Afzali, Majid Kazemian
Journal: Science Immunology (2021)

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present a wide range of acute clinical manifestations affecting the lungs, liver, kidneys and gut. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2, the best-characterized entry receptor for the disease-causing virus SARS-CoV-2, is highly expressed in the aforementioned tissues. However, the pathways that underlie the disease are still poorly understood. Here, we unexpectedly found that the complement system was one of the intracellular pathways most highly induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung epithelial cells. Infection of respiratory epithelial cells with SARS-CoV-2 generated activated complement component C3a and could be blocked by a cell-permeable inhibitor of complement factor B (CFBi), indicating the presence of an inducible cell-intrinsic C3 convertase in respiratory epithelial cells. Within cells of the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients, distinct signatures of complement activation in myeloid, lymphoid and epithelial cells tracked with disease severity. Genes induced by SARS-CoV-2 and the drugs that could normalize these genes both implicated the interferon-JAK1/2-STAT1 signaling system and NF-κB as the main drivers of their expression. Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor, normalized interferon signature genes and all complement gene transcripts induced by SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelial cell lines, but did not affect NF-κB-regulated genes. Ruxolitinib, alone or in combination with the antiviral remdesivir, inhibited C3a protein produced by infected cells. Together, we postulate that combination therapy with JAK inhibitors and drugs that normalize NF-κB-signaling could potentially have clinical application for severe COVID-19.
Advanced Lessons in Practical Physiology for Students of Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Development of collateral function with repetitive coronary occlusion in a canine model reduces myocardial reactive hyperemia in the absence of significant coronary stenosis.
Authors: HYamamoto, HTomoike, HShimokawa, SNabeyama, MNakamura
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The present study was designed to elucidate the role of collateral development, per se, on reactive hyperemia without persistent coronary stenosis in instrumented conscious dogs. Functional states of coronary collaterals were augmented by repetitive 2 minutes of coronary occlusion every 30 minutes for 2-9 days. Regional shortening measured sonomicrometrically recovered from -1.2 +/- 6.5% of the preocclusive state at the end of the first coronary occlusion to 100.5 +/- 1.2% (n = 8, P less than 0.01) after repeated coronary occlusions. Before and after collateral development, transient coronary occlusions of 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds were randomly performed. The degree of regional dysfunction and the following reactive hyperemic response were measured. Up to 20 seconds of coronary occlusion, the flow ratio and duration of coronary reactive hyperemia increased similarly, both before and after collateral development. However, when the duration of coronary occlusion was over 30 seconds, flow ratio...
Psychosocial factors impair vascular responses of coronary arteries.
Authors: J KWilliams, J AVita, S BManuck, A PSelwyn, J RKaplan
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDFour sets of monkeys were used to examine the effect of chronic psychosocial disruption and diet on dilator responses of coronary arteries.METHODS AND RESULTSOne set consisted of monkeys consuming monkey chow and living in a stable social setting (nonatherosclerotic controls, n = 6). Three sets consumed an atherogenic diet for 14 months followed by one of three treatments for the next 16 months: 1) a high-cholesterol diet and housed in unstable social groups (n = 9); 2) a low-cholesterol diet and housed in unstable (n = 8); or 3) stable groups (n = 10). Quantitative coronary angiography revealed that intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine resulted in a change of diameter (versus infusion of 5% dextrose in water) of +4 +/- 1% in control monkeys and -11 +/- 4% in unstable monkeys consuming a high-cholesterol diet (p less than 0.05). In monkeys consuming the cholesterol-lowering diet, the change in artery diameter was +2 +/- 4% in stable and -10 +/- 4% in unstable social conditions (p less than 0....
Characterization in vivo of the fibrin specificity of activators of the fibrinolytic system.
Authors: P REisenberg, B ESobel, A SJaffe
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Development of appropriate clinical dose regimens of individual plasminogen activators such as tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has generally relied primarily on nonpharmacological endpoints such as angiographically documented clot lysis. The recent availability of monoclonal antibodies that differentiate products of plasmin lysis of fibrin from those of lysis of fibrinogen should permit delineation of the relative fibrin specificity of different plasminogen activators or of different doses of the same activator in vivo. Thus, their use should accelerate and facilitate development of implementation of optimal dose regimens for diverse activators and combinations of activators. The present study was designed to determine whether assay of such markers effectively differentiates effects of two doses of t-PA, each of which are comparably effective in opening infarct-related arteries, in patients studied at the Washington University Clinical Unit of the National Institutes of Health-sponsored Thromboly...
Letter by Jansen and van Royen Regarding Article, “Monitoring of Monocyte Recruitment in Reperfused Myocardial Infarction With Intramyocardial Hemorrhage and Microvascular Obstruction by Combined Fluorine-19 and Proton Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging”
Authors: Matthijs F. Jansen, N. van Royen
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Endothelium-dependent relaxation competes with alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic constriction in the canine epicardial coronary microcirculation.
Authors: C JJones, D VDeFily, J LPatterson, W MChilian
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to determine whether endothelium-dependent relaxation competes with alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic coronary microvascular constriction in the beating heart in vivo.METHODS AND RESULTSCoronary microvascular diameters were measured using stroboscopic epi-illumination and intravital microscopy during fluorescein microangiography in open-chested dogs (n = 20). Both alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors were selectively activated by intracoronary infusions of norepinephrine (0.05 and 0.2 microgram.kg-1 x min-1) in the presence of the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist rauwolscine (0.2 mg/kg) or the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (0.75 mg/kg) during beta-adrenergic blockade (1 mg/kg propranolol). Microvascular diameters during selective alpha-adrenergic receptor activation were measured under baseline conditions and after inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide synthesis by an analogue of L-arginine, either NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA, 30 mg/kg) or NG-nitro-L-arginine...
Acupuncture for Aromatase Inhibitor–Related Joint Pain Among Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Cun Liu, Heng Zhang, Changgang Sun
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Worsening Heart Failure Episodes Outside a Hospital Setting in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Muthiah Vaduganathan, Jonathan W. Cunningham, Brian L. Claggett, Finnian Mc Causland, Ebrahim Barkoudah, Peter Finn, Faiez Zannad, Marc A. Pfeffer, Adel R. Rizkala, Shalini Sabarwal, John J.V. McMurray, Scott Solomon, Akshay S. Desai
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2021)
Intracellular calcium transients in myocardium from spontaneously hypertensive rats during the transition to heart failure.
Authors: O HBing, W WBrooks, C HConrad, SSen, C LPerreault, J PMorgan
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

To investigate the mechanism of impaired myocardial function after long-term pressure overload, we studied cardiac muscle mechanical contraction and intracellular calcium transients using the bioluminescent indicator aequorin. Left ventricular papillary muscle preparations were examined from three groups of rats: 1) aging spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with clinical and pathological evidence suggesting heart failure (SHR-F group), 2) age-matched SHRs with no evidence of heart failure (SHR-NF group), and 3) age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY group). Isometric force development was depressed in both SHR groups relative to the WKY group. Resting [Ca2+]i was lower in the SHR-F group, and the time to peak [Ca2+]i was prolonged in this group. The relative increases in peak [Ca2+]i with the inotropic interventions of increased [Ca2+]o and the addition of isoproterenol were similar among groups. Although inotropy increased in all groups with increased [Ca2+]o, after isoproterenol, inotropy inc...
Pressure releases a transferable endothelial contractile factor in cat cerebral arteries.
Authors: D RHarder, CSanchez-Ferrer, KKauser, W JStekiel, G MRubanyi
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

When exposed to an increasing transmural pressure, middle cerebral arteries of the cat exhibit reduction of internal diameter which is mediated by vascular muscle cell depolarization. This laboratory has recently demonstrated that this pressure-induced activation is dependent upon the presence of an intact endothelium. The present studies were undertaken to determine if this phenomenon is due to inhibition of tonically released endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) or release of a contractile substance. When cerebral arterial segments were pressurized to between 40 and 160 mm Hg there was 13.2% reduction in internal diameter accompanied by significant muscle cell depolarization from -53 +/- 2.7 to -22 +/- 1.4 mV. There was a significant positive correlation between the delta Em and step increases in transmural pressure. These excitatory responses were lost and vessels dilated to pressure when the endothelium was removed. Upon exposing the denuded vessel to a pressurized intact donor, the denuded v...