tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors with teratoma-free primaries with disease relapse and overall survival.
Authors: Pia Paffenholz, Georg Landwehr, Christoph Alexander Seidel, Annika Poch, Richard Cathomas, David Pfister, Axel Heidenreich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

422 Background: As the characteristics and outcome of non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumours (NSGCT) with teratoma-containing primaries are still under debate, this study aims at evaluating recurrence-free and tumor-specific survival in this cohort of patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis including 218 patients with metastatic NSGCT as a registry study within the "German Testicular Cancer Study Group". We analysed patient characteristics as well as follow-up of all included patients, being treated from 2000 to 2021. Results: Of the eligible 218 patients with NSGCT, 92 (42%) of all orchiectomy specimens had teratoma-containing primaries, while 126 (58%) were teratoma-free. Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed that 28% of all patients relapsed during a median follow-up of 58 months [35-112] with a median time to relapse of 10 months. Teratoma-containing and teratoma-free NSGCT did not show a significant difference regarding the occurrence of relapse, however, teratoma-containing NSGCT had a significantly lower rate of early relapses ( &lt; 24 months) compared to teratoma-free NSGCT (57% vs. 82%, p = 0.035). 14% (30/218) of all patients died due to their disease with a median time to death of 15 months, however median overall survival was not reached. There was no difference regarding the tumour-specific survival between teratoma-containing NSGCT and teratoma-free NSGCT when looking at the entire cohort of patients (11% vs. 16%, p = 0.299). However, in the group of intermediate or poor IGCCCG prognosis patients, tumour-specific survival was significantly worse in patients teratoma-free NSGCT compared to teratoma-containing specimens (16% vs. 35%, p = 0.040). Furthermore, patients with intermediate or poor IGCCCG prognosis showed a higher tumour-related mortality in pure teratoma-free primaries compared to patients with pure teratoma in the orchiectomy specimens (28% vs. 14%, p = 0.070). Here, pure embryonal carcinoma showed the highest relative mortality (80%). Conclusions: In our study, NSGCT patients with teratoma-containing primaries showed a significantly lower number of early relapses as well as a reduced tumour specific survival in intermediate and poor prognosis patients compared to teratoma-free NSGCT. Especially pure embryonal carcinoma patients revealed the highest rate of mortality. Consequently, treating physicians should be aware of these patients portending a dismal prognosis.
VIENNA
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endobronchial teratoma.
Authors: M P Jamieson, A R McGowan
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Intrathoracic teratomata occupying an endobronchial position have been described on only three previous occasions.A further example of this condition is reported and the clinicopathological features discussed. Case reportThe patient, a 5-year-old girl (AM), was admitted to hospital in June 1963, with a one-week history of nausea, fever, and back pain.Physical examination was unre- markable except for evidence of left upper lobe consolidation.A chest radiograph demonstrated diffuse opacifi- cation of the left upper lobe with a small area of perihilar calcification.The haemoglobin was 11-2 g/dl, WCC 17 x 109/l (70% neutrophils) and the ESR 70 mm/hr.Sputum, urine, and gastric washings were negative for tubercle bacilli on smear, culture, and guinea pig in- oculation.The Mantoux test was strongly positive after recent elective BCG inoculation.Bronchoscopy was normal.Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed and treatment started with PAS and isoniazid.This was
Patients with <i>NTRK</i> Fusions Respond to Targeted Therapies
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Abstract LOXO-101, which targets proteins encoded by gene fusions involving NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3, and entrectinib, which targets fusion proteins encoded by translocations in ROS1 and ALK, yielded dramatic clinical activity in patients with a variety of cancers in separate phase I trials. The data were presented at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2016, April 16–20, in New Orleans, LA.
Effect of Placement of a Supraglottic Airway Device vs Endotracheal Intubation on Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Adults With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Taipei, Taiwan
Authors: An-Fu Lee, Yu-Chun Chien, Bin-Chou Lee, Wen-Shuo Yang, Yao-Cheng Wang, Hao-Yang Lin, Edward Pei-Chuan Huang, Kah-Meng Chong, Jen-Tang Sun, Matthew Huei-Ming, Ming-Ju Hsieh, Wen-Chu Chiang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Prehospital advanced airway management with either initial endotracheal intubation (ETI) or initial supraglottic airway (SGA) insertion in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains controversial. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare the effectiveness of ETI and SGA in patients with nontraumatic OHCA. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The Supraglottic Airway Device vs Endotracheal intubation (SAVE) trial was a multicenter cluster randomized clinical trial conducted in Taipei City, Taiwan. Individuals aged 20 years or older who experienced nontraumatic OHCA requiring advanced airway management and were treated by participating emergency medical service agencies were enrolled from November 11, 2016, to December 31, 2019. The final day of follow-up was February 19, 2020. <h3>Interventions</h3> Four advanced life support ambulance teams were divided into 2 randomization clusters, with each cluster assigned to either ETI or SGA in a biweekly period. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome of the SAVE trial was sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (≥2 hours) after resuscitation. Secondary outcomes included prehospital ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, and favorable neurologic outcome, defined as a cerebral performance category score less than or equal to 2. Prespecified subgroups and the association between time to advanced airways were explored. Per protocol and intention-to-treat analysis were performed. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 936 patients (517 in the ETI group and 419 in the SGA group) were included in the primary analysis (median age, 77 [IQR, 62-85] years; 569 men [60.8%]). The first-attempt airway success rates were 77% with ETI (n = 413) and 83% with SGA (n = 360). Sustained ROSC was 26.9% (n = 139) in the ETI group vs 25.8% (n = 108) in the SGA group. The odds ratio of sustained ROSC was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.98-1.06) in the ETI group vs SGA group. The odds ratio of ETA vs SGA was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.02-1.07) for prehospital ROSC, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.94-1.06) for survival to hospital discharge, and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.94-1.03) for cerebral performance category scores less than or equal to 2. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this randomized clinical trial, among patients with OHCA, initial airway management with ETI did not result in a favorable outcome of sustained ROSC compared with SGA device insertion. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02967952
Endoscopy, videosession
Authors: B Moum, M Vatn, A Ekbom, F Lerang, P Efskind, T Tols4, K Hauge4, M Nikolaisen4, E Melsom4, J Blucher4, Fr Stad
Journal: Gut (1994)

in UC.The observed discrepancy between UC and CD is consistent with the conclusion that smoking plays an important role in the clinical presentation and possibly the pathophysiology of CD.
Intermittent Claudication
Authors: J. B. Kinmonth
Journal: BMJ (1953)

The term "intermittent claudication" is derived from the latin claudicare, to limp or halt, not as is sometimes thought from claudere, to shut, a derivation which would suggest an erroneous explanation for the symptom by implying that the blood -vessels to the limb were sub- ject to intermittent episodes of closure.In fact the symptom is caused in most cases by thrombosis in a segment of a main artery.The collateral circulation past the thrombosis supplies enough blood for muscles at rest but too little for the increased needs during exer- cise.The thrombosis may originate from injury to the
FGF4 protects the liver from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating the AMP‐activated protein kinase–Caspase 6 signal axis
Authors: Lintao Song, Luyao Wang, Yushu Hou, Jie Zhou, Chuchu Chen, Xianxi Ye, Wenliya Dong, Huan Gao, Yi Liu, Guanting Qiao, Tongtong Pan, Qiong Chen, Yu Cao, Fengjiao Hu, Zhiheng Rao, Yajing Chen, Yu Han, Minghua Zheng, Yongde Luo, Xiaokun Li, Yongping Chen, Zhifeng Huang
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract Background and Aims NAFLD represents an increasing health problem in association with obesity and diabetes with no effective pharmacotherapies. Growing evidence suggests that several FGFs play important roles in diverse aspects of liver pathophysiology. Here, we report a previously unappreciated role of FGF4 in the liver. Approach and Results Expression of hepatic FGF4 is inversely associated with NAFLD pathological grades in both human patients and mouse models. Loss of hepatic Fgf 4 aggravates hepatic steatosis and liver damage resulted from an obesogenic high‐fat diet. By contrast, pharmacological administration of recombinant FGF4 mitigates hepatic steatosis, inflammation, liver damage, and fibrogenic markers in mouse livers induced to develop NAFLD and NASH under dietary challenges. Such beneficial effects of FGF4 are mediated predominantly by activating hepatic FGF receptor (FGFR) 4, which activates a downstream Ca 2+ –Ca 2+ /calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase beta–dependent AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐Caspase 6 signal axis, leading to enhanced fatty acid oxidation, reduced hepatocellular apoptosis, and mitigation of liver damage. Conclusions Our study identifies FGF4 as a stress‐responsive regulator of liver pathophysiology that acts through an FGFR4‐AMPK‐Caspase 6 signal pathway, shedding light on strategies for treating NAFLD and associated liver pathologies.
Echocardiography.
Authors: J. B. Chambers, M. J. Monaghan, G. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Imaging echocardiography is an important extension of the clinical examination and will answer most questions in an emergency-for example, whether an enlarged cardiac shadow on the chest radiograph represents ventricular dilatation or an effusion. Doppler ultrasonography is essential for hospitals with an interest in cardiology because it provides direct haemodynamic data that are complementary to imaging. It requires more skill than imaging and may also be time consuming. Colour flow Doppler mapping is speedy and simple to use and aids the interpretation of continuous wave Doppler. It is therefore a natural companion to conventional Doppler, but there would have to be a high clinical load to justify its purchase.
Gastric Radiation
Authors: Edwin J. Euphrat
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is unfortunate that the article "Gastric Radiation—Nonsurgical Treatment for Surgical Ulcer" by Drs. Klein and Berman (<i>JAMA</i><b>176</b>:98-101 [April 15] 1961) does not include words of caution with respect to the potential hazard of radiation in the treatment of nonmalignant disease. Since the authors do not document their implied confidence in the innocuousness of the dosage employed, either by animal experimentation or the experience of others who have employed this type of therapy in the past, the question of late sequelae, in the form of neoplasia involving any of the tissues in the treated area, may be properly raised. Before embarking on an experiment of this nature, the therapist would be well advised to demand some assurance that the favorable results anticipated will not be obtained at the cost of increased incidence of malignant tumors among the group so treated. It is of interest that
A National Health Work Force Policy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

This position paper highlights the need for a national policy for the health work force in general and supports the creation of a national commission to better coordinate the supply and distribution of health care workers to meet the nation's health care needs. It acknowledges that although there are no definitive data on the optimal mix of physicians, the nation should at least set a preliminary goal of achieving a 50/50 balance between specialists and generalists. Previous efforts to reverse the trend of decreasing numbers of medical students choosing careers in primary care have failed. A combination of legislative, regulatory, and voluntary incentives is now required. A national commission should be established to help develop and coordinate federal work force policies for the health professions. It would set targets for the aggregate numbers of physicians by specialty and would allocate residency and fellowship training positions to match future physician supply with requirements. The American College of Physicians emphasizes that the commission should be structured to include members, including physicians, who are knowledgable about graduate medical education and that it should be insulated from political considerations as much as possible. Controlling the number of residency and fellowship training positions among specialties and linking total postgraduate year-1 positions to the output of U.S. medical schools would substantially affect redirecting the future supply of physicians. The College offers eight principles for allocating postgraduate training positions. Quality should be the strongest determinant. Local needs and minority representation must also be considered. Service needs should not dictate the number of training positions, but special arrangements are necessary to allow public hospitals in major urban centers to reduce their dependence on housestaff for meeting patient service needs. The roles and number of nonphysician health care providers must be considered. Private sector accreditation bodies such as the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education should recommend allocations of training positions based on the quality of training programs. Allocation decisions should be made in advance so that disruptions for programs and residents are minimized. The allocation process, including the national work force commission, should be subject to external review.
Mass radiography.
Authors: J B Deasy
Journal: BMJ (1970)

observed, but polyphasic motor units were seen in increased numbers as part of a reduced interference pattern on volition, or in restricted areas as highly complex polyphasic units either isolated or grouped in pairs.A similar picture has been found in cases from Los Angeles, U.S.A.5The electromyographic picture would fit in well with changes noted when an agent was transferred to Rhesus monkeys from patients involved in the Adelaide epidemic .6The association of benign myalgia encephalomyelitis with polymyelitis epidemics may not therefore be the result of mass hysteria but to an agent related to poliomyelitis virus.This view is supported by the excellent antibody response after Salk vaccination in children without previous antibody to poliomyelitis in areas affected by the Iceland epidemic in 1955.A poor response was obtained in neighbouring areas unaffected by the epidemic.7The prevention of sequelae and protracted convalescence depends on a sound understanding of the nature of this peculiar disease.Recurrences may be due to exacerbation of the basic illness with fever and lymphadenopathy2 or extension of the neurological complications with new fea- tures, which may be confirmed on electromyography.On the other hand deterioration in the patient's condition may be due to reactive depression or hysteria as found in case notes of some of the patients in the Royal Free Hospital epidemic?-Iam, etc.,
Causes, Consequences, and Treatment of Inflammation of the Veins. Part II
Authors: H. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1850)

nected, formed a perfectly slid mass; whereas the centre of the loops, to*rds the circumference of the tumour, being but loosely connected by thin wellular tissue, had, in many place, left inter-laminar spaces, which had subsequently beoome filled with fluid.The cysts thus formed were of various sizes, and few in number; their cavities were perfectly smooth, and not subdivided by bands of cellular tissue.There is another class of Fibrous Tumours, which appear to have been formed by the union of several smaller ones by means of loose cellular tissue, in the meshes of which, fluid has been throsn out, and has subsequently formed cavities or cysts.In these cases, the cavities, generally speaking, are not of any great size, and the mass looks like a large aBdematous Fibrous Tumouir.When punctured, but little fluid escapes from them; but, if incisions be made in several places, the greater part of the fluid will drain off in a few hours, leaving a coarse cavernous-looking tissue.The Fibro-Cystic Tumour described in the case of M. G., cannot, I think, be looked upon as belonging to either of the three varieties already mentioned.From its earliest formation, the tumour was most probably of a fibro-cystic nature, and exactly resembled that form of disease so commonly observed in the ovary, which is composed of Uti- locular cysts, of various sizes, closely aggregated together, with more or less delicate fibro-serous walls; in fact, so close was the resemblance, that for some time the mass was taken for a diseased ovar.Portions of it also closely resembled the simple cystic disease of the testis, as well as one form of fibro-cystic disease which I have met with in a large tumour of the breast.The accumulations of solid fibrous tissue observed in the case of M. G., were scattered, and small in comparison to the size of the tumour; whereas the mass of it was made up of cysts, which existed in every part, even close to the root.
Hygiene and Public Health.
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recent advances and future perspectives on carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines and therapeutics
Authors: Charlotte Sorieul, Francesco Papi, Filippo Carboni, Simone Pecetta, Sanjay Phogat, Roberto Adamo
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2022)

Carbohydrates are abundantly expressed on the surface of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, often as post translational modifications of proteins. Glycoproteins are recognized by the immune system and can trigger both innate and humoral responses. This feature has been harnessed to generate vaccines against polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis. In cancer, glycosylation plays a pivotal role in malignancy development and progression. Since glycans are specifically expressed on the surface of tumor cells, they have been targeted for the discovery of anticancer preventive and therapeutic treatments, such as vaccines and monoclonal antibodies. Despite the various efforts made over the last years, resulting in a series of clinical studies, attempts of vaccination with carbohydrate-based candidates have proven unsuccessful, primarily due to the immune tolerance often associated with these glycans. New strategies are thus deployed to enhance carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines. Moreover, lessons learned from glycan immunobiology paved the way to the development of new monoclonal antibodies specifically designed to recognize cancer-bound carbohydrates and induce tumor cell killing. Herein we provide an overview of the immunological principles behind the immune response towards glycans and glycoconjugates and the approaches exploited at both preclinical and clinical level to target cancer-associated glycans for the development of vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. We also discuss gaps and opportunities to successfully advance glycan-directed cancer therapies, which could provide patients with innovative and effective treatments.
Brucellosis.
Authors: A Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1981)

alcoholics with cirrhosis histologically un- related to their alcoholism show a very high percentage (9/15, 60%), significantly higher than that of patients with cirrhosis and alcoholic histological findings (12/45, 27%) (p=0 05).This last percentage is higher than that found among alcoholics with no liver disease (4/40, 10%) but the difference is not statistically significant.Among the healthy population 5% are positives.These results show a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus active infection in alcoholics with cirrhosis without histological signs typical of alcohol-induced liver disease.Although the percentage is also high in the subgroup of alcoholic cirrhosis, it is not significantly different from that in alcoholics with normal livers but the difference from the percentage in healthy controls does reach significance (p= 0-001).Two conclusions can be drawn: (1) In some alcoholics liver disease may be due to hepatitis B virus.(2) In alcohol-induced liver disease it is possible that hepatitis B virus may play a part.