tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ageing and interferon gamma response drive the phenotype of neutrophils in the inflamed joint
Authors: Ricardo Grieshaber-Bouyer, Tarik Exner, Nicolaj S Hackert, Felix A Radtke, Scott A Jelinsky, Olha Halyabar, Alexandra Wactor, Elham Karimizadeh, Joseph Brennan, Jorge Schettini, Helena Jonsson, Deepak A Rao, Lauren A Henderson, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Hanns-Martin Lorenz, Guido Wabnitz, James A Lederer, Angela Hadjipanayis, Peter A Nigrovic
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Objective Neutrophils are typically the most abundant leucocyte in arthritic synovial fluid. We sought to understand changes that occur in neutrophils as they migrate from blood to joint. Methods We performed RNA sequencing of neutrophils from healthy human blood, arthritic blood and arthritic synovial fluid, comparing transcriptional signatures with those from murine K/BxN serum transfer arthritis. We employed mass cytometry to quantify protein expression and sought to reproduce the synovial fluid phenotype ex vivo in cultured healthy blood neutrophils. Results Blood neutrophils from healthy donors and patients with active arthritis showed largely similar transcriptional signatures. By contrast, synovial fluid neutrophils exhibited more than 1600 differentially expressed genes. Gene signatures identified a prominent response to interferon gamma (IFN-γ), as well as to tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and hypoxia, in both humans and mice. Mass cytometry confirmed that healthy and arthritic donor blood neutrophils are largely indistinguishable but revealed a range of neutrophil phenotypes in synovial fluid defined by downregulation of CXCR1 and upregulation of FcγRI, HLA-DR, PD-L1, ICAM-1 and CXCR4. Reproduction of key elements of this signature in cultured blood neutrophils required both IFN-γ and prolonged culture. Conclusions Circulating neutrophils from patients with arthritis resemble those from healthy controls, but joint fluid cells exhibit a network of changes, conserved across species, that implicate IFN-γ response and ageing as complementary drivers of the synovial fluid neutrophil phenotype.
Congenital abnormalities.
Authors: C M Ward
Journal: BMJ (1985)

CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES HypospadiasHypospadias is a congenital anatomical disorder of the penis in which the urethral meatus fails to reach the tip ofthe glans.It occurs in one in every 300 live male births.Subglandular or coronal siting ofthe urethra is the -rIncom,,.,ptete.commonest form, followed by the distal and mid-penile forms and then the fEi .,Jj krt5!( | much rarer penoscrotal, scrotal, and perineal forms, in which the deformity can be so severe that identification of sex is difficult.The more proximal the 5xX' a OIcun a urethral orifice the higher is the incidence ofassociated genitourinary c' urvatu;;e anomalies requiring investigation and treatment.The anatomical fault is not only ofthe urethra itself but also ofan absent -.Abnomidy corpus spongiosum between the orifice of the urethra and the base ofthe V_.retta
Trends in prostate cancer mortality in the United States of America, by state and race, from 1999 to 2019: Estimates from the Centers for Disease Control WONDER database.
Authors: Chinmay Jani, Christian Mouchati, Nour Abdallah, Melissa Mariano, Ruchi Tusharkumar Jani, Justin D Salciccioli, Dominic C Marshall, Harpreet Singh, Joseph Shalhoub, Rana R. McKay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

30 Background: In the United States of America (USA), prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, and it remained the second leading cause of cancer related mortality. It has a disproportionate burden of disease among minorities. In particular, African American (AA) men have a higher incidence and more aggressive disease course. Our study compares trends in prostate cancer mortality in the United States of America (USA) by race and state from 1999 to 2019. Methods: We used the Center for Disease Control (CDC) WONDER database using ICD-10 code C61 to extract mortality data for malignant prostate cancer. Age standardized death rates (ASDRs) are reported per 100,000 population using the USA standard population. ASDRs were divided into American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian, Black or African American and, Whites and reported by year for each state. Due to the lack of available data in many states, state-wise analyses were done for white and African American men only. We used Joinpoint regression analysis for trends comparison. Results: Between 1999 and 2019, data was analyzed from 50 states of the USA, of which four started collecting data from 2000, one from 2001, one from 2008, and one from 2009. Three states had data until 2018 only. Data was missing for African American men in 17 states. In 2019, ASDR in African American (13.4/100,000) was significantly higher than Whites (7.3/100,000) (p&lt;0.001). The highest ASDR for African American was observed in Nebraska (33.5/100,000), followed by Wisconsin (17.7/100,000). In contrast, the highest ASDR for whites was observed in Alaska (11/100,000), followed by Utah (10.5/100,000) ASDR decreased by 31.8% in White men at the national level, compared to a decline of 44.6% in African American men. ASDR decreased in all states for both races. For White men, the widest drops were in South Dakota (-45.9%) and Kentucky (-47.0%), and the lowest declines in New Hampshire (-11.5%) and Alaska (-16.0%). For African American men, the largest decreases were in Delaware (-57.8%) and Nevada (-55.3%), and the smallest declines were in Kentucky (-14.9%) and Wisconsin (-20.3%). Conclusions: During the last 20 years, the mortality rate from prostate cancer has consistently dropped in all the states of the USA and for all races. Even though a higher decrease in ASDR was observed in the African American and Asian racial groups, ASDR is still higher in African Americans as compared to Whites.[Table: see text]
Association News
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Archives of Neurology, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Randomized phase 2 trial of maintenance oral etoposide or observation following high-dose chemotherapy for relapsed metastatic germ cell tumor.
Authors: Ryan Ashkar, Nabil Adra, Rafat Abonour, Mohammad Issam Abu Zaid, Christin I Snow, Nasser H. Hanna, Lawrence H. Einhorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS429 Background: High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and peripheral-blood stem-cell transplant (PBSCT) is effective salvage therapy in patients with relapsed germ-cell tumors (GCT). Utilizing HDCT and PBSCT in the 2 nd line setting, cures can be achieved in about 60% of patients with relapsed non-seminoma. Maintenance daily oral etoposide after salvage therapy has been shown effective in inducing remissions (J Clin Oncol 1995;13:1167-9). We evaluate the efficacy and safety of maintenance daily oral etoposide after HDCT+PBSCT in patients with relapsed non-seminoma. Methods: This randomized phase II open label trial is evaluating maintenance oral etoposide after HDCT+PBSCT. Eligible patients are adults with metastatic non-seminomatous GCT who have progressive disease after first-line cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. All patients will complete initial salvage with HDCT+PBSCT with the carboplatin/etoposide Indiana protocol x2 tandem cycles. All patients should have normal or declining tumor markers (AFP and/or hCG) at time of randomization and absence of progressive disease on imaging. Adverse events from prior therapy, including hematologic toxicity, should be recovered to grade≤2 at time of randomization. Randomization should occur within ≤16 weeks from time of the 2 nd cycle of HDCT. Patients with primary mediastinal non-seminoma are eligible. Patients with relapsed pure seminoma are excluded. Patients are randomized in 1:1 ratio to receive maintenance etoposide vs. standard of care surveillance post HDCT. Randomization will be stratified by platinum refractory status defined as progression within 4 weeks of first-line chemotherapy (yes vs no). Patients randomized to treatment arm will receive oral etoposide 50mg/m2 daily for 21 consecutive days of 28 day cycles. A total of 3 cycles will be delivered. Weekly labs including CBC w differential will be checked to detect hematological toxicity. The primary objective is to compare the 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) for maintenance etoposide vs observation in patients with relapsed non-seminoma post HDCT. Secondary objectives include to assess the toxicity and tolerability of maintenance etoposide, and 12-month overall survival. Exploratory analysis of the biomarker micro-RNA371 at time of randomization and correlation with disease progression/relapse will be performed. As of September 20, 2021, 5 of the total sample (N = 64) have been enrolled and randomized. Clinical trial information: NCT04804007.
Talazoparib Bests Chemo for Breast Cancer
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2017)

Abstract Patients with advanced or metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer and germline BRCA1/2 mutations may benefit from talazoparib, according to data from a phase III trial. Compared with chemotherapy, the investigational PARP inhibitor induced some complete responses, prolonged progression-free survival, and improved patients' overall quality of life.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: G. E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE physical manifestations we call rheumatoid arthritis are relatively easy to diagnose. Unlike the acute diseases that form the main body of most courses in medicine, however, rheumatoid arthritis is not a finite event, not a brief unpleasant interlude in life. Rather, it influences the content of life, to a greater or lesser degree, from its inception onward. The symptoms and signs represent only part of the picture; there are functional and social deficits to consider. Any program of treatment that attempts simply to modify the physical attributes of the disease is doomed to failure. A person afflicted by rheumatoid arthritis sullenly regards a world full of people not so afflicted; he joins a stigmatized minority whose chances of employment, recreational opportunities, insurability, and even access to most public buildings and places of entertainment are severely restricted. Most definitions of rheumatoid arthritis emphasize the chronicity, variable course, idiosyncratic response to
Royal Medical Benevolent Fund Christmas Gifts Appeal
Authors: G. H. Bateman
Journal: BMJ (1972)

average superannuable income of the 80 main Swansea principles for the year ended March 1974, a figure which included seniority payments.Published surveys have suggested that the local work load is up to twice the national average.Since April 1974 reorganization has brought all sectors of the profession into management participation with an ever- increasing number of managers in the Health Service whose duties and salaries are pub- lished.The nearest managers to the general practitioner are those at district level and the regional medical officers.For a five-day week they average a superannuable income of £7,500.General practitioners, with other clinicians, provide more than a five-day service but are unique in having to provide their own locums for sickness, study, and annual leave from income; and since reorganization parti- cipation in management through a host of new advisory committees, completely unpaid, make further inroads into the unsocial (leisure) periods.Kindersley recognized a shortfall in remuneration from 1966 which is still uncorrected and increasing.Achieve- ments with dynamism, buying added years, and threshold awards are only tinkering with the problem when the basic contract is faulty.We owe a duty to our dependants and successors to correct the discrepancy or our principal concern, the patient, will find the standard of his primary care in jeopardy.-I am, etc.,
Postoperative pain.
Authors: J V Stapleton, K L Austin, L E Mather
Journal: BMJ (1978)

provide medical care for nomadic pastoralists.They state, however, that among the Somalis iron deficiency is rarely fatal.This is not true in the North-eastern Province of Kenya, where 250 000 Somalis live.In 1974 Bontel pointed out that the North-eastern Province was unique among the provinces of Kenya in that blood diseases came top of the causes of death in hospital.Severe anaemia is the commonest single cause for hospital admission in the provincial and district hospitals.
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
Authors: B. R. Sreenivasan
Journal: BMJ (1946)

In 1910 Laubry and Foy described three cases of this disease, occurring in Paris, under the heading of " syndrome mdningdal avec lymphocytie rachidienne d'origine indeterminde," and Ri5t and Rolland (1910) five cases of a similar condition as "mdningite benigne d'allure dpiddmique."In 1925 Wallgren, in a paper entitled " A New Infectious Disease of the Central Nervous System," reported a Swedish epidemic of 19 cases.J. Gibbens (1931) termed it " acute aseptic meningitis," and described the following characteristics of the condition: (1) An acute onset, with definite meningeal signs.(2) Meningeal changes in the cerebrospinal fluid; there is an increase of pressure and of cells, but the fluid is sterile on culture.(3) A uniform clinical symptomatology.(4) A relatively short benign course without secondary complications.( 5) No epidemiological connexion with any known infectious menin- geal disease.(6) There is no local infection sLich as otitis media or sinusitis.Although it has been suggested that some of the cases de- scribed under various headings, such as "benign lymphocytic meningitis," " acute aseptic meningitis," and " lymphocytic choriomeningitis," have been really cases of lethargic encephalitis or poliomyelitis, it is now generally conceded that there is a disease sui generis, which is best termed "lymphocytic choriomeningitis."Clinical Features.-Theclinical features of the disease are as follows.The onset is acute, with fever, headache, and meningeal signs.The cerebrospinal fluid is clear or turbid, under increased pressure, and shows a pleocytosis varying from 60 to 1,500 per c.mm.; polymorphonuclears may predominate at the onset, but are rapidly replaced by lymphocytes; the total protein and globulin are increased, the sugar and chlorides usually being unaffected; the fluid is sterile on culture, and direct smears are negative for all organisms, including the tubercle bacillus.The prognosis is good, complete recovery occurring in two or three weeks as a rule.
Editorial: Cigarette smoking and chest pain.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Cigarette smoking and chest painPains in the chest have been associated with cigarette smoking since the nineteenth century.Sometimes the pain was thought to originate from the heart, and the term "tobacco angina" was first coined in 1899 by Huchard.1He described three varieties: angine gastro-tabagique, angine spasmo-tabagique, and angine sclerotabagique, but probably only the last of these was true tobacco angina, in which either smoking or exercise induces both pain and the electrocardiographic changes of coronary insufficiency within a few seconds.Oram and Sowton2 reported three such cases in 1973, but had to search hard to find this number and von Ahn's review3 4 of chest pain occur- ring in smokers also emphasised that true cardiac pain is rare.Other types of chest pain may exist in smokers, such as that coming on during smoking and gradually improving during abstinence,5 but here smoking does not induce immediate pain or electrocardiographic changes.A recent North American survey6 has re-examined the problem of chest pain in smokers.The authors were seeking further information on the incidence of true tobacco angina and on the long-term risk of smokers developing coronary artery disease.They were also interested in the discrimination of true angina in smokers from the chest pains that might or might not resemble it.A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of chest pain in about 70 000 persons (smokers and non-smokers) undergoing health check- ups.Relatively more cigarette smokers than non-smokers (about 1-5 to 1) admitted to chest pain, with broadly similar
Vascular Surgery
Authors: D. E. Strandness
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This extensive revision has 146 authors, six associate editors, and seven assistant editors. With such a list, it is clear that most people with expertise in the field of vascular surgery are included. Virtually no important topic has been omitted. While there is nothing on the new and emerging field of endovascular therapy, I would concur with the editor's desire to exclude it at this stage. While it may become an integral part of vascular surgery in the future, the entire field is in a state of flux. For example, the hot-tipped laser, although given considerable exposure in the lay press and some journals, is not proving as effective as was hoped. If some of the early "positive" results had been included in this volume, it would have been a problem. It is remarkable that the coverage is as extensive as it is even for some problems that are rare.
The ñ Sign
Authors: Ángel Fernández Camporro, Mónica Roncero-Riesco, Leonor Revelles-Peñas, David Revilla Nebreda, Ángela Estenaga, Javier Díaz de la Pinta, Ángel Santos-Briz Terrón
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

This qualitative study describes a visual clue for the diagnosis of psoriasis, in which the sum of the fragmentation and separation of the laminar parakeratotic stratum corneum and hyperplasia with regular elongation of the rete ridges resembles the letter ñ on histopathologic biopsy specimens.
Association of Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution With Semen Quality Among Men in China
Authors: Yan Zhao, Qianqian Zhu, Jiaying Lin, Jing Cai
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> The health effects of exposure to particulate matter (PM) on male fertility remain unclear. Although PM exposure has been linked with semen quality, the results were inconsistent. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association of different size fractions of PM (&lt;2.5 μm [PM<sub>2.5</sub>], 2.5-10 μm [PM<sub>2.5-10</sub>], and ≤10 μm [PM<sub>10</sub>]) exposure with semen quality in China. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data on men whose wives underwent assisted reproductive technology procedures in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China, from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019. Participants were from 340 prefecture-level cities of China and were followed up from the date of their first visit until December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2020, to May 15, 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>2.5-10</sub>, and PM<sub>10</sub>during the entire period (0-90 days before semen ejaculation) and key periods of sperm development (0-9, 10-14, and 70-90 days before semen ejaculation). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Semen quality, including sperm count, concentration, and motility. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 33 876 men were included in the final analysis, with a mean (SD) age of 34.1 (5.7) years and large variation of PM exposure. For example, the median exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>during the entire period of sperm development was 46.05 (IQR, 34.38-61.65) μg/m<sup>3</sup>. During the entire period of sperm development, exposures to higher levels of PM were significantly associated with lower total and progressive sperm motility. For total sperm motility, an IQR increase in PM<sub>2.5</sub>exposure was associated with an estimated effect decrease of −3.60% (95% CI, −3.93% to −3.26%); an increase in PM<sub>2.5-10</sub>exposure, with an estimated effect decrease of −0.45% (95% CI, −0.76% to −0.14%); and an increase in PM<sub>10</sub>exposure, with an estimated effect decrease of −2.44% (95% CI, −2.91% to −1.96%). Similar results were observed for progressive motility. An IQR increase in PM<sub>2.5</sub>or PM<sub>10</sub>exposures was associated with an estimated effect decrease on sperm progressive motility of −1.87% (95% CI, −2.37% to −1.36%) and −1.05% (95% CI, −1.45% to −0.64%), respectively. However, no significant associations were observed between PM exposure during the entire period of sperm development and sperm count or concentration. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that PM exposure may adversely affect sperm motility and highlight the need to reduce ambient particulate air pollution exposure for reproductive-aged men.
Enuresis.
Authors: S D Dickson, P Dickson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Background: For prediction of many types of clinical outcome, the skeletal muscle mass can be used as an independent biomarker. Manual segmentation of the skeletal muscles is time-consuming, therefore we present a deeplearning-based approach for the identification of muscle mass at the L3 level in clinical routine computed tomographic (CT) data. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 130 patient datasets. Individual CT slice analysis at the L3 level was fed into a U-Net architecture. As a result, we obtained segmentations of the musculus rectus abdominis, abdominal wall muscles, musculus psoas major, musculus quadratus lumborum and musculus erector spinae in the CT-slice at the L3 level. Results: The Dice score was 0.95±0.02, 0.86±0.12, 0.93±0.05, 0.92±0.05, 0.86±0.08 for the erector spine, rectus, abdominal wall, psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles, respectively. For the overall skeletal muscle mass, the test data achieved a Dice score of 0.95±0.03. Conclusion: Our network achieved Dice scores larger than 0.86 for each of the five different muscle types and 0.95 for the overall skeletal muscle mass. The subdivision of muscle types can serve as a basis for obtaining future biomarkers. Our network is publicly available so that it might be beneficial for others to improve the clinical workflow within examination of routine CT scans.