tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer risk in patients with sleep apnoea following adherent 5-year CPAP therapy
Authors: Grégoire Justeau, Sebastien Bailly, Chloé Gervès-Pinquié, Wojciech Trzepizur, Nicole Meslier, François Goupil, Thierry Pigeanne, Sandrine Launois, Laurene Leclair-Visonneau, Philippe Masson, Acya Bizieux-Thaminy, Jean-Louis Racineux, David Gozal, Frédéric Gagnadoux
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Background Increasing evidence suggests that obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) contributes to cancer risk; however, limited data are available on the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on cancer incidence. We aimed to determine whether adherence to CPAP therapy is associated with a reduction in all-cancer incidence compared with nonadherent patients with OSA. Methods The study relied on data collected by the multicentre Pays de la Loire Sleep Cohort study, linked to health administrative data, so as to identify new-onset cancer. We included patients who were prescribed CPAP for OSA, with no history of cancer before the diagnostic sleep study or during the first year of CPAP. Patients with documented CPAP use for ≥4 h per night were defined as adherent. Those who discontinued or used CPAP &lt;4 h per night constituted the nonadherent group. A propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis was performed to assess the effect of CPAP adherence on cancer risk. Results After a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5.4 (3.1–8.0) years, 437 (9.7%) out of 4499 patients developed cancer: 194 (10.7%) in the nonadherent group (n=1817) and 243 (9.1%) in adherent patients (n=2682). The final weighted model showed no significant impact of CPAP adherence on all-cause cancer risk (subdistribution hazard ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.78–1.14). Conclusions Adherence to CPAP therapy in OSA patients was not associated with a reduction in all-cancer incidence. Whether adherent CPAP therapy of OSA might reduce the risk of specific cancer sites should be further evaluated.
Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Glucose Homeostasis in Youth
Authors: Jesse A. Goodrich, Tanya L. Alderete, Brittney O. Baumert, Kiros Berhane, Zhanghua Chen, Frank D. Gilliland, Michael I. Goran, Xin Hu, Dean P. Jones, Katerina Margetaki, Sarah Rock, Nikos Stratakis, Damaskini Valvi, Douglas I. Walker, David V. Conti, Leda Chatzi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a prevalent class of persistent pollutants, may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.We examined associations between PFAS exposure and glucose metabolism in youth.Overweight/obese adolescents from the Study of Latino Adolescents at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (SOLAR; n=310) participated in annual visits for an average of 3.3±2.9y. Generalizability of findings were tested in young adults from the Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS; n=135) who participated in a clinical visit with a similar protocol. At each visit, oral glucose tolerance tests were performed to estimate glucose metabolism and β-cell function via the insulinogenic index. Four PFAS were measured at baseline using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry; high levels were defined as concentrations >66th percentile.In females from the SOLAR, high perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) levels (≥2.0 ng/mL) were associated with the development of dysregulated glucose metabolism beginning in late puberty. The magnitude of these associations increased postpuberty and persisted through 18 years of age. For example, postpuberty, females with high PFHxS levels had 25-mg/dL higher 60-min glucose (95% CI: 12, 39mg/dL; p<0.0001), 15-mg/dL higher 2-h glucose (95% CI: 1, 28mg/dL; p=0.04), and 25% lower β-cell function (p=0.02) compared with females with low levels. Results were largely consistent in the CHS, where females with elevated PFHxS levels had 26-mg/dL higher 60-min glucose (95% CI: 6.0, 46mg/dL; p=0.01) and 19-mg/dL higher 2-h glucose, which did not meet statistical significance (95% CI: -1, 39mg/dL; p=0.08). In males, no consistent associations between PFHxS and glucose metabolism were observed. No consistent associations were observed for other PFAS and glucose metabolism.Youth exposure to PFHxS was associated with dysregulated glucose metabolism in females, which may be due to changes in β-cell function. These associations appeared during puberty and were most pronounced postpuberty. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9200.
Empowering women through expanded contraceptive access in Nigeria and Zambia
Authors: Funmilola M OlaOlorun, John Casterline
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

The addition of the hormonal intrauterine device to the product catalogue of the US Agency for International Development is a game changer that will allow millions more women in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to have access to a highly effective, long-acting reversible contraceptive method, albeit two to three decades after their counterparts in Europe and the USA.1 Already, the International Contraceptive Access Foundation in Nigeria and the Expanding Effective Contraceptive Options project in Zambia have been working with partners to introduce the hormonal intrauterine device in both private and public sector outlets, as well as mobile outreach systems.
Chromatin-mediated alternative splicing regulates cocaine-reward behavior
Authors: Song-Jun Xu, Sonia I. Lombroso, Delaney K. Fischer, Marco D. Carpenter, Dylan M. Marchione, Peter J. Hamilton, Carissa J. Lim, Rachel L. Neve, Benjamin A. Garcia, Mathieu E. Wimmer, R. Christopher Pierce, Elizabeth A. Heller
Journal: Neuron (2021)
Abstract 14825: Serum Mitochondrial Peptide Levels Correlate With Vascular Health
Authors: Sudhi Tyagi, Mamatha Kakarla, Jingli Wang, Amberly Branum, Venkata Puppala, Michael Widlansky
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors result in mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) that activate pathways resulting in imp...
Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 suggests that metabolic risk factors are the leading drivers of the burden of ischemic heart disease
Authors: Wenxin Wang, Manli Hu, Hui Liu, Xingyuan Zhang, Haomiao Li, Feng Zhou, Ye-Mao Liu, Fang Lei, Juan-Juan Qin, Yan-Ci Zhao, Ze Chen, Weifang Liu, Xiaohui Song, Xuewei Huang, Lihua Zhu, Yan-Xiao Ji, Peng Zhang, Xiao-Jing Zhang, Zhi-Gang She, Juan Yang, Hailong Yang, Jingjing Cai, Hongliang Li
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2021)
Representativeness of Participants Eligible to Be Enrolled in Clinical Trials of Aducanumab for Alzheimer Disease Compared With Medicare Beneficiaries With Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Timothy S. Anderson, John Z. Ayanian, Jeffrey Souza, Bruce E. Landon
Journal: JAMA (2021)

With Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive ImpairmentIn June 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for aducanumab to treat patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to Alzheimer disease (AD), despite limited evidence of clinical benefit.The 2 phase 3 clinical trials of aducanumab, EMERGE and ENGAGE, were stopped prematurely based on prespecified futility thresholds. 1 Both trials also showed an increased risk of adverse events with aducanumab, including microhemorrhages and vasogenic brain edema, headache, and possibly falls. 1 Though both trials excluded patients based on age, certain chronic diseases, and use of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants, FDA approval was granted without contraindications or precautions for these unstudied patient popula-tions.We evaluated whether patients enrolled in the trials of aducanumab were representative of patients with dementia enrolled in Medicare by estimating the proportions of Medicare beneficiaries with AD or MCI who would have been excluded from the trials.Methods | We examined medical claims from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for a 100% sample of adults enrolled in Medicare fee-for-service in 2018.We identified 3 cohorts of patients potentially eligible for aducanumab treatment: those with AD and related disorders (ADRDs), those with AD specifically, and those with MCI.ADRDs and AD were identified using CMS Chronic Condition Data Warehouse algorithms. 2 We identified MCI based on the presence of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes G3184 or R4181 in the preceding 3 years among patients without ADRDs.Sex, race, and ethnicity were examined given historic disparities in clinical trial enrollment and were identified using CMS Master Beneficiary Summary File variables.Table.Aducanumab Trial Exclusion Criteria and Operational Study Definitions a Clinical trial exclusion criteria Operational study definition Age >85 y Age >85 y obtained from the Master Beneficiary Summary File Age <50 y Age <50 y obtained from the Master Beneficiary Summary File Any medical or neurologic condition (other than Alzheimer disease) that might be a contributing cause of the patient's cognitive impairment Any inpatient, outpatient, or carrier claims with AHRQ CCS code for brain cancer (35), Parkinson disease (79), epilepsy (83), coma/brain damage (85), or intracranial injury (233) in 2017-2018
Silicon nanowires decorated with platinum nanoparticles were applied for photothermal-enhanced sonodynamic therapy
Authors: Lina Sun, Xianwen Wang, Fei Gong, Kui Yin, Wenxiang Zhu, Nailin Yang, Shang Bai, Fan Liao, Mingwang Shao, Liang Cheng
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) triggered by ultrasound (US) can overcome pivotal limitations of photo-therapy owing to its high depth-penetration and low phototoxicity. However, there is still a need to develop more efficient sonosensitizes to enhance the therapy efficiency. Methods: In this study, Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) are reduced on silicon nanowires (SiNWs) by in situ reduction to prepare Si-Pt nanocomposites (Si-Pt NCs). Results: Si-Pt NCs can produce reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) under ultrasound (US) irradiation, which have sonodynamic therapy (SDT) effect. Meanwhile, Si-Pt NCs can convert excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into ROS in the tumor microenvironment, which endow strong chemodynamic therapy (CDT) effect. Taking the advantages of the mesoporous structure of SiNWs, the SDT and CDT effects of Si-Pt NCs are stronger than those of the pure Pt NPs and SiNWs. Besides, the mild photothermal effect of Si-Pt NCs further improves the SDT&CDT activity and realizes the combined cancer therapy. Conclusion: The developed Si-Pt NCs with the ability of photothermal enhanced SDT/CDT combined therapy play a momentous role in the novel cancer treatment.
Evaluation of Syndromic Surveillance Data for Studying Harmful Algal Bloom-Associated Illnesses — United States, 2017–2019
Authors: Amy M. Lavery, Lorraine C. Backer, Virginia A. Roberts, Jourdan DeVies, Johnni Daniel
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Harmful algal and cyanobacterial blooms (harmful algal blooms) are large colonies of algae or cyanobacteria that can harm humans, animals, and the environment (1-3). The number of algal blooms has been increasing in the United States, augmented by increasing water temperatures and nutrients in water from industry and agricultural run-off (4,5). The extent to which harmful algal bloom exposures cause human illness or long-term health effects is unknown. As the number of blooms increases annually, the likelihood of negative health outcomes (e.g., respiratory or gastrointestinal illness) from exposure also increases (4,5). To explore the utility of syndromic surveillance data for studying health effects from harmful algal bloom exposures, CDC queried emergency department (ED) visit data from the National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP) for harmful algal bloom exposure-associated administrative discharge diagnosis codes and chief complaint text terms related to harmful algal bloom exposure (6). A total of 321 harmful algal bloom-associated ED visits were identified during January 1, 2017-December 31, 2019. An increase in harmful algal bloom-associated ED visits occurred during warmer months (June-October), consistent with seasonal fluctuations of blooms and recent publications (6,7). Although syndromic surveillance data are helpful for understanding harmful algal bloom-associated ED visits in the United States, exposures were documented infrequently with discharge diagnosis codes; 67% of harmful algal bloom-associated ED visits were identified through querying chief complaint text. Improving the documentation of harmful algal bloom exposures in medical records would further benefit future health studies.
Genomic Analysis and Pathway Characterization of Genes with Somatic Variants in Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Jillian Fry, Midhat S. Farooqi, Byunggil Yoo, Rumen Kostadinov, Emily Farrow, Shannon Kelley, Margaret Gibson, Neil Miller, Jeffrey Johnston, Patrick Brown, Erin Guest
Journal: Blood (2017)
Initial treatment choices to achieve sustained response in major depression: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Toshi A. Furukawa, Kiyomi Shinohara, Ethan Sahker, Eirini Karyotaki, Clara Miguel, Marketa Ciharova, Claudi L.H. Bockting, Josefien J.F. Breedvelt, Aran Tajika, Hissei Imai, Edoardo G. Ostinelli, Masatsugu Sakata, Rie Toyomoto, Sanae Kishimoto, Masami Ito, Yuki Furukawa, Andrea Cipriani, Steven D. Hollon, Pim Cuijpers
Journal: World Psychiatry (2021)

Major depression is often a relapsing disorder. It is therefore important to start its treatment with therapies that maximize the chance of not only getting the patients well but also keeping them well. We examined the associations between initial treatments and sustained response by conducting a network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which adult patients with major depression were randomized to acute treatment with a psychotherapy (PSY), a protocolized antidepressant pharmacotherapy (PHA), their combination (COM), standard treatment in primary or secondary care (STD), or pill placebo, and were then followed up through a maintenance phase. By design, acute phase treatment could be continued into the maintenance phase, switched to another treatment or followed by discretionary treatment. We included 81 RCTs, with 13,722 participants. Sustained response was defined as responding to the acute treatment and subsequently having no depressive relapse through the maintenance phase (mean duration: 42.2±16.2 weeks, range 24‐104 weeks). We extracted the data reported at the time point closest to 12 months. COM resulted in more sustained response than PHA, both when these treatments were continued into the maintenance phase (OR=2.52, 95% CI: 1.66‐3.85) and when they were followed by discretionary treatment (OR=1.80, 95% CI: 1.21‐2.67). The same applied to COM in comparison with STD (OR=2.90, 95% CI: 1.68‐5.01 when COM was continued into the maintenance phase; OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.51‐2.58 when COM was followed by discretionary treatment). PSY also kept the patients well more often than PHA, both when these treatments were continued into the maintenance phase (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.00‐2.35) and when they were followed by discretionary treatment (OR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.13‐2.44). The same applied to PSY compared with STD (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 0.97‐3.21 when PSY was continued into the maintenance phase; OR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.20‐2.78 when PSY was followed by discretionary treatment). Given the average sustained response rate of 29% on STD, the advantages of PSY or COM over PHA or STD translated into risk differences ranging from 12 to 16 percentage points. We conclude that PSY and COM have more enduring effects than PHA. Clinical guidelines on the initial treatment choice for depression may need to be updated accordingly.
IL-33 causes thermogenic failure in aging by expanding dysfunctional adipose ILC2
Authors: Emily L. Goldberg, Irina Shchukina, Yun-Hee Youm, Seungjin Ryu, Takeshi Tsusaka, Kyrlia C. Young, Christina D. Camell, Tamara Dlugos, Maxim N. Artyomov, Vishwa Deep Dixit
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2021)
I Only Want to See You—A Challenge of Long-term Clinician-Patient Relationships in Team-Based Clinical Care
Authors: Jeffrey H. Millstein
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Gender Differences in Medicare Payments Among Cardiologists
Authors: Inbar Raber, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Cian P. McCarthy, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Erin D. Michos, Malissa J. Wood, Yvonne M. Smyth, Nasrien E. Ibrahim, Aarti Asnani, Roxana Mehran, John W. McEvoy
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Women cardiologists receive lower salaries than men; however, it is unknown whether US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) reimbursement also differs by gender and contributes to the lower salaries.To determine whether gender differences exist in the reimbursements, charges, and reimbursement per charge from CMS.This cross-sectional analysis used the CMS database to obtain 2016 reimbursement data for US cardiologists. These included reimbursements to cardiologists, charges submitted, and unique billing codes. Gender differences in reimbursement for evaluation and management and procedural charges from both inpatient and outpatient settings were also assessed. Analysis took place between April 2019 and December 2020.Outcomes included median CMS payments received and median charges submitted in the inpatient and outpatient settings in 2016.In 2016, 17 524 cardiologists (2312 women [13%] and 15 212 men [87%]) received CMS payments in the inpatient setting, and 16 929 cardiologists (2151 women [13%] and 14 778 men [87%]) received CMS payments in the outpatient setting. Men received higher median payments in the inpatient (median [interquartile range], $62 897 [$30 904-$104 267] vs $45 288 [$21 371-$73 191]; P < .001) and outpatient (median [interquartile range], $91 053 [$34 820-$196 165] vs $51 975 [$15 622-$120 175]; P < .001) practice settings. Men submitted more median charges in the inpatient (median [interquartile range], 1190 [569-2093] charges vs 959 [569-2093] charges; P < .001) and outpatient settings (median [interquartile range], 1685 [644-3328] charges vs 870 [273-1988] charges; P < .001). In a multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis, women received less CMS payments compared with men (log-scale β = -0.06; 95% CI, -0.11 to -0.02) after adjustment for number of charges, number of unique billing codes, complexity of patient panel, years since graduation of physicians, and physician subspecialty. Payment by billing codes, both inpatient and outpatient, did not differ by gender.There may be potential differences in CMS payments between men and women cardiologists, which appear to stem from gender differences in the number and types of charges submitted. The mechanisms behind these differences merit further research, both to understand why such gender differences exist and also to facilitate reductions in pay disparities.
Differential roles of RIG-I like receptors in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Duo-Meng Yang, Ting-Ting Geng, Andrew G. Harrison, Peng-Hua Wang
Journal: Military Medical Research (2021)

Abstract Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) sense viral RNA and activate antiviral immune responses. Herein we investigate their functions in human epithelial cells, the primary and initial target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A deficiency in MDA5, RIG-I or mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) enhanced viral replication. The expression of the type I/III interferon (IFN) during infection was impaired in MDA5 −/− and MAVS −/− , but not in RIG-I −/− , when compared to wild type (WT) cells. The mRNA level of full-length angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the cellular entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, was ~ 2.5-fold higher in RIG-I −/− than WT cells. These data demonstrate MDA5 as the predominant SARS-CoV-2 sensor, IFN-independent induction of ACE2 and anti-SARS-CoV-2 role of RIG-I in epithelial cells.
Recent Advances in Photosensitizers as Multifunctional Theranostic Agents for Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Paromita Sarbadhikary, Blassan P George, Heidi Abrahamse
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

In recent years tremendous effort has been invested in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment with an overall goal of improving cancer management, therapeutic outcome, patient survival, and quality of life. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), which works on the principle of light-induced activation of photosensitizers (PS) leading to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) mediated cancer cell killing has received increased attention as a promising alternative to overcome several limitations of conventional cancer therapies. Compared to conventional therapies, PDT offers the advantages of selectivity, minimal invasiveness, localized treatment, and spatio-temporal control which minimizes the overall therapeutic side effects and can be repeated as needed without interfering with other treatments and inducing treatment resistance. Overall PDT efficacy requires proper planning of various parameters like localization and concentration of PS at the tumor site, light dose, oxygen concentration and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, which can be achieved with advanced imaging techniques. Consequently, there has been tremendous interest in the rationale design of PS formulations to exploit their theranostic potential to unleash the imperative contribution of medical imaging in the context of successful PDT outcomes. Further, recent advances in PS formulations as activatable phototheranostic agents have shown promising potential for finely controlled imaging-guided PDT due to their propensity to specifically turning on diagnostic signals simultaneously with photodynamic effects in response to the tumor-specific stimuli. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in the development of PS-based multifunctional theranostic agents for biomedical applications in multimodal imaging combined with PDT. We also present the role of different imaging modalities; magnetic resonance, optical, nuclear, acoustic, and photoacoustic in improving the pre-and post-PDT effects. We anticipate that the information presented in this review will encourage future development and design of PSs for improved image-guided PDT for cancer treatment.
COVID-19 as a potential trigger of complement-mediated atypical HUS
Authors: Carine El Sissy, Antonin Saldman, Gilbert Zanetta, Paula Vieira Martins, Coralie Poulain, Raphaël Cauchois, Gilles Kaplanski, Jean-Pierre Venetz, Mickaël Bobot, Hélène Dobosziewicz, Laurent Daniel, Marie Koubi, Salima Sadallah, Samuel Rotman, Christiane Mousson, Manuel Pascual, Véronique Frémeaux-Bacchi, Fadi Fakhouri
Journal: Blood (2021)