tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Access to Firearms—This Is Definitely Our Lane
Authors: Shayla A. Sullivant, M. Denise Dowd
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Access to firearms is a well-recognized risk factor for homicide and suicide among youth in the United States.While homicides have declined, the rate of suicides with firearms increased 60% between 2007 and 2014, and most youth (82%) who end their lives by suicide with a firearm are not in treatment when they die. 1 Gaining a better understanding of the accessibility of firearms to all adolescents is a critical step toward reducing adolescent deaths with firearms.The study by Salhi et al 2 identified storage patterns for firearms within the homes of adolescents and compared adolescent and caregiver perceptions of the accessibility of those firearms to the perceptions of adolescents.The study sample was nationally representative, with 280 parent-child dyads participating.The study findings are consistent with other studies on the high proportion of unsecured firearms in homes with children as well as the discordance between parent and adolescent reports on firearm accessibility.More than half of adolescents reported that
Evaluating the correlation between early and late quality-of-life declines using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP) after definitive stereotactic body radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, or brachytherapy for prostate cancer.
Authors: Jacob Samuel Parzen, Thomas J Quinn, Andrew B Thompson, Peter Chang, Sean P. Collins, Simeng Suy, Jeff M. Michalski, Constantine Anastasios Mantz, Zachary Seymour, Daniel A. Hamstra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

214 Background: Multiple authorities including an NCI Taskforce have recommended routine evaluation of patient reported outcomes (PRO) in cancer care. The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP) is a single-page quality-of-life (QOL) tool which is easily integrated into routine clinical practice. The EPIC-CP has 5 domains (each scored 0-12). The present study evaluated whether early clinically significant changes in EPIC-CP were correlated with later changes in patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer. Methods: A cohort of 979 patients including the PROSTQA study and 3 other institutions with prospective QOL data pooled for analysis were evaluated for patient-reported outcomes. Patients were treated with definitive low-dose rate brachytherapy (n=284), intensity-modulated RT (n=251), or stereotactic body RT (n=444). EPIC-CP scores were derived based upon responses to the EPIC-26. Data were evaluated using minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds to compare QOL at 1-2 months and 24 months from baseline. Univariate analysis was used to assess the correlation between early and late MCID changes. Results: On univariate analysis, early ≥1 MCID change from baseline was strongly associated with a late ≥1 MCID across all 5 domains (urinary incontinence, urinary irritation/obstruction, bowel, sexual, and vitality/hormonal) within EPIC-CP and for the overall EPIC-CP score (Table). When MCID was instead defined as 1 or 3, early toxicity remained predictive of late toxicity for all domains and the overall EPIC-CP score. Conclusions: The EPIC-CP is an easy-to-use QOL assessment with clinically relevant outcomes. Early QOL decline was strongly associated with late QOL decline in patients undergoing definitive RT for prostate cancer across all EPIC-CP domains. Patients with early QOL decline may be candidates for early QOL-based interventions to alleviate their late toxicity burden from treatment. [Table: see text]
High impact of molecular surveillance on hepatitis A outbreak case detection in Sweden: a retrospective study, 2009 to 2018
Authors: Maximilian Riess, Theresa Enkirch, Lena Sundqvist, Josefine Lundberg Ederth
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2021)

BackgroundSwedish hepatitis A surveillance includes sequence-based typing, but its contribution to outbreak detection in relation to epidemiological investigations has not been fully evaluated.AimTo evaluate the role of sequence-based typing in hepatitis A outbreak detection and to describe the hepatitis A epidemiology in Sweden to improve surveillance.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated hepatitis A virus sequences of 447 cases notified in Sweden 2009-18. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of evolutionary distances to identify cases with similar virus sequences (≥ 459/460 identical nt in the VP1/P2A junction). Unique sequences, dyads and sequence-based clusters (SBCs) were identified. We linked non-sequenced cases by epidemiological information and retrospectively assessed the value of typing for outbreak identification.ResultsFifty-five percent (n = 542/990) of the notified hepatitis A cases were referred to the Public Health Agency of Sweden for typing and 447 (45%) were sequenced successfully. Subgenotypes included IA (42.5%, n = 190), IB (42.7%, n = 191) and IIIA (14.8%, n = 66). Phylogenetic analysis identified 154 unique sequences, 33 dyads (66 cases) and 34 SBCs (227 cases). The combination of molecular and epidemiological data revealed 23 potential outbreaks comprising 201 cases. Cases were linked by sequence (59%, n = 118), epidemiological data (11%, n = 23) or both (30%, n = 60). Typing was needed to identify 15 of 23 potential outbreak signals.ConclusionSequence-based typing contributed substantially to detecting clustering cases and identifying outbreaks in Sweden. The results show routine sequence-based typing detects outbreaks, promotes timely outbreak investigations and facilitates international collaboration.
The hidden burden of eating disorders: an extension of estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Damian F Santomauro, Sarah Melen, Deborah Mitchison, Theo Vos, Harvey Whiteford, Alize J Ferrari
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2021)

BackgroundAnorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the only eating disorders included in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, yet binge-eating disorder and other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) are more prevalent. This study sought to estimate the prevalence and burden of binge-eating disorder and OSFED globally and present a case for their inclusion in GBD.MethodsWe sourced studies from the GBD 2019 anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa epidemiological databases, two systematic reviews that included studies with epidemiological estimates of binge-eating disorder and OSFED, and experts in the field. Studies, published between Jan 1, 1998, and March 1, 2019, were included if they reported non-zero prevalence of two or more eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, or OSFED) and diagnosed cases according to DSM-IV or DSM-5. The proportions of total eating disorder cases that met diagnostic criteria for each individual eating disorder were estimated via network meta-regression and simulation using studies reporting eating disorder prevalence. The global cases unrepresented in GBD 2019 were estimated using the proportions from the simulation and the GBD 2019 eating disorder prevalence. Disability weights for binge-eating disorder and OSFED were then estimated along with disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).Findings54 studies, of which 36 were from high-income countries, were included in the analysis. The number of global eating disorder cases in 2019 that were unrepresented in GBD 2019 was 41·9 million (95% UI 27·9–59·0), and consisted of 17·3 million (11·3–24·9) people with binge-eating disorder and 24·6 million (14·7–39·7) people with OSFED (vs 13·6 million [10·2–17·5] people with eating disorders in GBD 2019). Together, binge-eating disorder and OSFED caused 3·7 million (95% UI 2·0–6·5) DALYs globally, bringing the total eating disorder DALYs to 6·6 million (3·8–10·6) in 2019.InterpretationBinge-eating disorder and OSFED accounted for the majority of eating disorder cases and DALYs globally. These findings warrant the inclusion of binge-eating disorder and OSFED in future iterations of GBD, which will bring the burden experienced by people living with these disorders to the attention of policy makers with the means to target this burden.FundingQueensland Health, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
32O First-in-human (FIH) study of SCC244, a novel potent and highly selective c- MET inhibitor, in patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: H-J. Chen, J-J. Yang, J-Y. Zhou, J. Zhao, Y-P. Sun, Q. Wen, Q. Zhou, Z. Zhang, H-Y. Tu, J-Y. Zhou, P. Zhang, X. Chen, H-X. Chen, Q. Dang, M-H. Sun, Y. Li, Y-L. Wu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Abstract 2153: Taxus Atlas Long Lesion: First Report of 9-Month Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes for the TAXUS Liberté 38 mm Stent for Long Lesions
Authors: Mark A Turco, John A Ormiston, Jeffrey J Popma, Neil J Weissman, Mark W Webster, Louis A Cannon, Jack J Hall, Charles D O’Shaughnessy, Tift Mann, Lazar Mandinov, Joerg Koglin, Donald S Baim
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background : The TAXUS Liberté (TL) 38 mm stent, the longest drug-eluting stent, was designed with more uniform drug distribution, thinner struts and increased flexibility and conformability for use specifically in very long lesions. Long lesions have been identified as a risk factor for instent restenosis, stent thrombosis and incomplete apposition. Thus, TAXUS ATLAS Long Lesion (LL) assesses the performance of the TL 38 mm stent vs the TAXUS Express (TE) stent. Methods : TAXUS ATLAS LL is a prospective, non-randomized trial enrolling 150 pts from 24 global sites. Pts undergoing single TL stent implantation of a de novo lesion visually estimated to be 26 – 34 mm in length, with a reference vessel diameter of 2.7 – 4.0 mm, were enrolled. A subset of patients underwent IVUS at 9m. The TE Control consists of a lesion-matched cohort derived from TAXUS IV and TAXUS V. The primary endpoint is non-inferiority of 9m % diameter stenosis (%DS) of the analysis segment as determined by quanitative coronary angiography (QCA). Results : Baseline pt characteristics were well-matched between the TL and TE arms. However, the TL pts presented with longer and more complex lesions (by QCA). Procedure time was significantly shorter for TL, and the use of multiple stents was significantly less in TL vs TE. Compared to TE, TL demonstrated non-inferiority for 9m %DS, analysis segment (pre-specified non-inferiority margin = 6.89%, difference = −0.93%, upper 1-sided 95% Confidence Interval = 3.19%, p=0.0010); thus, the primary endpoint objective was met. The cardiac death or MI rate was significantly lower for TL, while other clinical and angiographic parameters were similar between the groups. There were no stent thromboses for TL. The incidence of early or late incomplete apposition was low and comparable between TL and TE. Conclusions : The TL 38 mm stent, the longest drug-eluting stent, demonstrated similar efficacy in reducing stenosis but an enhanced safety profile in very long lesions vs TE.
COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Experience from a Large Health System in Louisiana
Authors: Aldo E. Torres Ortiz, Joseph B. Walker, Juan Carlos Q. Velez, Jorge C. Garces
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Torres Ortiz, Aldo E.; Walker, Joseph B.; Velez, Juan Carlos Q.; Garces, Jorge C.; Ochsner Nephrology Author Information
Abstract 20446: Loss of Mir-144 Signaling Interrupts Extracellular Matrix Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction Leading to Worsened Cardiac Function
Authors: Quan He, Fangfei Wang, Takashi Honda, Jing Li, Andrew N Redington
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: We have previously shown that MicroRNA (miR) -144 is a key component of the acute cardioprotection associated with remote ischemic preconditioning, but little is known about its effec...
Prognostic factors for CNS control in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated without cranial irradiation
Authors: Jingyan Tang, Jie Yu, Jiaoyang Cai, Li Zhang, Shaoyan Hu, Ju Gao, Hua Jiang, Yongjun Fang, Changda Liang, Xiuli Ju, Runming Jin, Xiaowen Zhai, Xuedong Wu, Xin Tian, Qun Hu, Ningling Wang, Hui Jiang, Lirong Sun, Alex W. K. Leung, Minghua Yang, Kaili Pan, Cheng Cheng, Yiping Zhu, Hui Zhang, Chunfu Li, Jun J. Yang, Chi-kong Li, Xiaofan Zhu, Shuhong Shen, Ching-Hon Pui
Journal: Blood (2021)
1570P The emotional impact of COVID-19 outbreak on cancer out-patients and their caregivers: Impressions from the heart of the Italian pandemic
Authors: M.S. Cona, D. Dalu, S. Ferrario, N. Tosca, A.R. Gambaro, V. Filipazzi, S. Rota, N.M. La Verde
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Abstract 2529: Aprotinin Causes Dose Dependent and Differential Effects on Myocardial Contractility, Cytokine Release and Oxidative Stress with Ischemia-Reperfusion
Authors: Matthew D McEvoy, Anna Greta B Taylor, Juozas A Zavadzkas, Ira M Mains, Laura B Jeffords, Rachael L Ford, Christy Beck, Robert E Stroud, Scott T Reeves, Francis G Spinale
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Cardiac surgery can cause left ventricular (LV) ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), the release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and oxidative-stress causing increased myel...
IGHV-D-J Repertoire Analysis Obtained By High-Throughput Sequencing of CD5+ B-Cells in CLL Patients: Prognostic Markers and Disease Development Implications
Authors: Davide Bagnara, Stefano Vergani, Andrea Nicola Mazzarello, Gerardo Ferrer, Franco Fais, Nicholas Chiorazzi
Journal: Blood (2017)
A systematic review of the impacts of intergenerational engagement on older adults’ cognitive, social, and health outcomes
Authors: Anna Krzeczkowska, David M. Spalding, William J. McGeown, Alan J. Gow, Michelle C. Carlson, Louise A. Brown Nicholls
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2021)

Intergenerational engagement could benefit health and wellbeing within an ageing population. This systematic review evaluated the impacts of intergenerational engagement on cognitive, social, and health outcomes in healthy older adults and older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Comprehensive literature searches were undertaken, with records filtered according to pre-registered criteria. Study quality was formally assessed, and a narrative synthesis of the findings produced. Forty-four studies were reviewed. Regarding quantitative evidence, 4 out of 8 studies found significant intergenerational engagement effects on cognitive outcomes, 15 of 24 on social outcomes, and 21 of 31 on health-related outcomes. Qualitative evidence was also important for understanding perceived impacts and experiences of intergenerational programmes. Only 11 studies fully met criteria for high quality research, of which the majority focused on social outcomes. There are a range of potential benefits of intergenerational engagement, most notably regarding anxiety, generativity, cross-age attitudes, and physical activity. However, heterogeneity in programme context, sample design, dosage, and duration indicate that more research is required to enable wider implementation and generalisability. Scientific rigour in both quantitative and qualitative research should also be employed as far as possible, to provide the highest quality evidence.
Genome Sequencing as an Alternative to Cytogenetic Analysis in Myeloid Cancers
Authors: Eric J. Duncavage, Molly C. Schroeder, Michele O’Laughlin, Roxanne Wilson, Sandra MacMillan, Andrew Bohannon, Scott Kruchowski, John Garza, Feiyu Du, Andrew E.O. Hughes, Josh Robinson, Emma Hughes, Sharon E. Heath, Jack D. Baty, Julie Neidich, Matthew J. Christopher, Meagan A. Jacoby, Geoffrey L. Uy, Robert S. Fulton, Christopher A. Miller, Jacqueline E. Payton, Daniel C. Link, Matthew J. Walter, Peter Westervelt, John F. DiPersio, Timothy J. Ley, David H. Spencer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Genomic analysis is essential for risk stratification in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Whole-genome sequencing is a potential replacement for conventional cytogenetic and sequencing approaches, but its accuracy, feasibility, and clinical utility have not been demonstrated.
UnCHAARTED territory: The role of docetaxel rechallenge following chemohormonal therapy for metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer.
Authors: Mary Mahler, Esmail Mutahar Al-Ezzi, Noa Shani Shrem, Eric Winquist, Christina M. Canil, Michael Ong, Aaron Richard Hansen, Urban Emmenegger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

117 Background: Since docetaxel has been advanced to the metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) setting, there is a lack of evidence guiding its re-introduction upon castrate-resistant (CR) progression. We sought to identify clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients subjected to docetaxel rechallenge (DR) following prior docetaxel exposure in the mCSPC realm. Methods: Patients rechallenged with docetaxel following treatment in the mCSPC setting were identified from three academic centres in Ontario, Canada. Retrospective chart reviews were performed to identify clinical, treatment and outcome variables. Results: Of the 45 patients with DR initiated between 06/2015 and 07/2020, the median age was 65, 60% had a Gleason score of ≥8, and 64% had an ECOG of ≤1. 56% had bone only metastasis, 4% lymph node only metastasis, 29% bone and lymph node metastasis, and 11% had visceral metastasis. In the mCSPC setting, 98% of patients received 6 cycles of docetaxel with 13% requiring dose delays. Of 43 informative patients, all had a PSA response to chemohormonal therapy. 91% achieved at least a 50% PSA response (PSA50), of which 40% had a 50-89% PSA reduction and 51% had a ≥90% PSA reduction. 29% of patients obtained a PSA nadir of &lt; 0.2 ng/mL. 16% had CR progression in &lt; 6 months, 56% in 6-12 months, and 28% in &gt; 12 months. DR was initiated after a median of 20.8 months (range 6.0-40.4) following the last dose of docetaxel for mCSPC, and was given as first line treatment for CR disease to 7%, second line to 51%, third line to 40%, and fourth line or beyond to 2% of patients. 69% of patients had received an androgen-receptor axis targeted therapy prior to DR, 18% radium 223, and 7% had received a trial drug. Notably, no patients had received cabazitaxel prior to DR. The median number of cycles of docetaxel received at rechallenge was 5 (range 1-11) with 18% of patients requiring treatment delays. 64% of patients stopped treatment due to progression, 16% due to side effects, 7% at the patient’s request, 7% due to completion of the planned number of cycles, and 6% due to death or other causes. Among 44 informative patients, 23% achieved at least a PSA50, with 18% having a 50-90% PSA reduction, and 5% having a ≥90% PSA reduction. The median time to progression (biochemical, radiographic, or death) was 2.3 months (95%CI 1.7-4.4) and the median overall survival was 11.0 months (95%CI 8.5-14.3). Conclusions: DR following exposure to docetaxel in the mCSPC setting resulted in a PSA50 in only around one quarter of patients. Both the median time to progression and overall survival were found to be short. With future investigations, we hope to identify clinical variables that will help predict which patients might benefit most from DR.
Manic Syndrome Associated With Zidovudine
Authors: Frederick W. Schaerf
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  We wish to respond to a letter by Maxwell et al 1 in the June 17 issue entitled Manic Syndrome Associated With Zidovudine Treatment. The authors presented two cases of mania associated with zidovudine therapy. Both patients had either a personal history of affective disorder or a history of a cognitive decline prior to the reported manic episode. We have similarly observed a case of mania precipitated by zidovudine in an individual with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex, as well as a case of major depression occurring less than 24 hours after an increase in zidovudine dosage in a human immunodeficiency virus—seropositive individual with a personal and family history of affective disorder.  We wish to emphasize several points concerning psychiatric syndromes in patients receiving zidovudine therapy. First, in such patients who present acutely with manic or depressive symptoms, it is necessary to rule out other
Metabolic rerouting via SCD1 induction impacts X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Quentin Raas, Malu-Clair van de Beek, Sonja Forss-Petter, Inge M.E. Dijkstra, Abigail Deschiffart, Briana C. Freshner, Tamara J. Stevenson, Yorrick R.J. Jaspers, Liselotte Nagtzaam, Ronald J.A. Wanders, Michel van Weeghel, Joo-Yeon Engelen-Lee, Marc Engelen, Florian Eichler, Johannes Berger, Joshua L. Bonkowsky, Stephan Kemp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in ABCD1, the peroxisomal very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) transporter. ABCD1 deficiency results in accumulation of saturated VLCFAs. A drug screen using a phenotypic motor assay in a zebrafish ALD model identified chloroquine as the top hit. Chloroquine increased expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (scd1), the enzyme mediating fatty acid saturation status, suggesting that a shift toward monounsaturated fatty acids relieved toxicity. In human ALD fibroblasts, chloroquine also increased SCD1 levels and reduced saturated VLCFAs. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of SCD1 expression led to an increase in saturated VLCFAs, and CRISPR knockout of scd1 in zebrafish mimicked the motor phenotype of ALD zebrafish. Importantly, saturated VLCFAs caused ER stress in ALD fibroblasts, whereas monounsaturated VLCFA did not. In parallel, we used liver X receptor (LXR) agonists to increase SCD1 expression, causing a shift from saturated toward monounsaturated VLCFA and normalizing phospholipid profiles. Finally, Abcd1-/y mice receiving LXR agonist in their diet had VLCFA reductions in ALD-relevant tissues. These results suggest that metabolic rerouting of saturated to monounsaturated VLCFAs may alleviate lipid toxicity, a strategy that may be beneficial in ALD and other peroxisomal diseases in which VLCFAs play a key role.