tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Investment in training, evidence based treatment, and research are necessary to prevent future deaths in eating disorders
Authors: Agnes Ayton
Journal: BMJ (2020)

After the inquest into five deaths, the assistant coroner for Cambridgeshire and Peterborough concluded that NHS treatment for patients with anorexia is “not a safe system” and risks “future deaths.”1 These statements echo those of the Parliamentary Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) which published a report titled Ignoring the alarms: how NHS eating disorder services are failing patients in 2017.2

As I’m …
Gestational age and hospital admissions during childhood: population based, record linkage study in England (TIGAR study)
Authors: Victoria Coathup, Elaine Boyle, Claire Carson, Samantha Johnson, Jennifer J Kurinzcuk, Alison Macfarlane, Stavros Petrou, Oliver Rivero-Arias, Maria A Quigley
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objective To examine the association between gestational age at birth and hospital admissions to age 10 years and how admission rates change throughout childhood. Design Population based, record linkage, cohort study in England. Setting NHS hospitals in England, United Kingdom. Participants 1 018 136 live, singleton births in NHS hospitals in England between January 2005 and December 2006. Main outcome measures Primary outcome was all inpatient hospital admissions from birth to age 10, death, or study end (March 2015); secondary outcome was the main cause of admission, which was defined as the World Health Organization’s first international classification of diseases, version 10 (ICD-10) code within each hospital admission record. Results 1 315 338 admissions occurred between 1 January 2005 and 31 March 2015, and 831 729 (63%) were emergency admissions. 525 039 (52%) of 1 018 136 children were admitted to hospital at least once during the study period. Hospital admissions during childhood were strongly associated with gestational age at birth (&lt;28, 28-29, 30-31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42 weeks). In comparison with children born at full term (40 weeks’ gestation), those born extremely preterm (&lt;28 weeks) had the highest rate of hospital admission throughout childhood (adjusted rate ratio 4.92, 95% confidence interval 4.58 to 5.30). Even children born at 38 weeks had a higher rate of hospital admission throughout childhood (1.19, 1.16 to 1.22). The association between gestational age and hospital admission decreased with increasing age (interaction P&lt;0.001). Children born earlier than 28 weeks had an adjusted rate ratio of 6.34 (95% confidence interval 5.80 to 6.85) at age less than 1 year, declining to 3.28 (2.82 to 3.82) at ages 7-10, in comparison with those born full term; whereas in children born at 38 weeks, the adjusted rate ratios were 1.29 (1.27 to 1.31) and 1.16 (1.13 to 1.19), during infancy and ages 7-10, respectively. Infection was the main cause of excess hospital admissions at all ages, but particularly during infancy. Respiratory and gastrointestinal conditions also accounted for a large proportion of admissions during the first two years of life. Conclusions The association between gestational age and hospital admission rates decreased with age, but an excess risk remained throughout childhood, even among children born at 38 and 39 weeks of gestation. Strategies aimed at the prevention and management of childhood infections should target children born preterm and those born a few weeks early.
Red meat intake and risk of coronary heart disease among US men: prospective cohort study
Authors: Laila Al-Shaar, Ambika Satija, Dong D Wang, Eric B Rimm, Stephanie A Smith-Warner, Meir J Stampfer, Frank B Hu, Walter C Willett
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objectives To study total, processed, and unprocessed red meat in relation to risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and to estimate the effects of substituting other protein sources for red meat with CHD risk. Design Prospective cohort study with repeated measures of diet and lifestyle factors. Setting Health Professionals Follow-Up Study cohort, United States, 1986-2016. Participants 43 272 men without cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was total CHD, comprised of acute non-fatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals across categories of red meat consumption. Substitution analyses were conducted by comparing coefficients for red meat and the alternative food in models, including red meat and alternative foods as continuous variables. Results During 1 023 872 person years of follow-up, 4456 incident CHD events were documented of which 1860 were fatal. After multivariate adjustment for dietary and non-dietary risk factors, total, unprocessed, and processed red meat intake were each associated with a modestly higher risk of CHD (hazard ratio for one serving per day increment: 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.18) for total red meat, 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21) for unprocessed red meat, and 1.15 (1.06 to 1.25) for processed red meat). Compared with red meat, the intake of one serving per day of combined plant protein sources (nuts, legumes, and soy) was associated with a lower risk of CHD (0.86 (0.80 to 0.93) compared with total red meat, 0.87 (0.79 to 0.95) compared with unprocessed red meat, and 0.83 (0.76 to 0.91) compared with processed red meat). Substitutions of whole grains and dairy products for total red meat and eggs for processed red meat were also associated with lower CHD risk. Conclusions Substituting high quality plant foods such as legumes, nuts, or soy for red meat might reduce the risk of CHD. Substituting whole grains and dairy products for total red meat, and eggs for processed red meat, might also reduce this risk.
160P Phase II study of sintilimab combined with FLOT regimen for neoadjuvant treatment of gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma
Authors: N. Li, Z. Li, Q. Fu, B. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Wan, C. Lu, J. Wang, W. Deng, C. Wei, Y. Ma, L. Bie, M. Wang, S. Luo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Remnant Cholesterol, Not LDL Cholesterol, Is Associated With Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Olga Castañer, Xavier Pintó, Isaac Subirana, Antonio J. Amor, Emilio Ros, Álvaro Hernáez, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Ramón Estruch, José Lapetra, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Angel M. Alonso-Gomez, Miquel Fiol, Lluís Serra-Majem, Emili Corbella, David Benaiges, Jose V. Sorli, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Nancy Babió, Lucas Tojal Sierra, Emilio Ortega, Montserrat Fitó
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
OP0038 Autologous hematopoietic stem cells (hsc) transplantation in scleroderma and myositis
Authors: DC Farge, S Zohar, MH Andre, J Cabane, E Hachulla, P Philippe, J Sibilia, P Roblot, J Piette, S Chevret, JP Marroleau, E Gluckman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Autologous bone marrow transplant is a new treatment for autoimmune diseases (AD). <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the feasibility, tolerance and efficacy of autologous HSC transplantation with CD34<sup>+</sup> selection in severe scleroderma (Sc) and myositis (M). <h3>Methods</h3> We designed a national, non randomised, open, phase I-II trial.<sup>1</sup>Mobilisation of HSC used cyclophosphamide (CYCLO) (4 g/m<sup>2</sup>)+ G-CSF (5 microg/kg day) or G-CSF alone (10 microg/kg day) if left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was &lt; 40% until last apheresis. 9.5 × 106 CD34<sup>+</sup>/kg had to be collected in successive daily apheresis to obtain at least 2.5 × 106 CD34<sup>+</sup>/kg (Isolex<sup>®</sup>300i). Conditioning used CYCLO (200 mg/kg), or melphalan (140 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) if LVEF was &lt; 40%, prior to CD34<sup>+</sup> HSC reinfusion. Patients, haematological and immunological reconstitutions were recorded up to the end of aplasia and every 3 months thereafter. Sequential Bayesian analysis determined the rate of failure (either death or failure of mobilisation, selection or intensification) and results (median) were computed on a SAS program (6.0). <h3>Results</h3> 12 Sc + 3 M, age 36 yrs, were included in 2 years, meanwhile 10 candidates died from their disease. HSC mobilisation was successful in 14 patients, but in 2 cases did not yield enough HSC to allow CD34<sup>+</sup> selection. After 2 (1–4) aphereses, the total number of CD34<sup>+</sup> collected for each patient was 10.9 × 106/kg (3.9?34.3). Purity was 99.2% (92–99.8). CD34<sup>+</sup> cells yield was 60.7% (46.4–80). Intensive immunosuppression was performed in 13 patients with low toxicity. Number of reinfused cells was 5.8 × 106 CD34<sup>+</sup>/kg (3.3–10.2). Duration of aplasia was 2.9 weeks (2.5–3) with low toxicity. No mortality was associated with the procedure. Early clinical evolution (18 mths) showed improved functional status (PS, SHAQ) and fall in skin score in 8/12 Sc and no clinical benefit in M. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Autologous HSC transplantation is feasible in Sc and M, with a lower risk compared to spontaneous evolution of AD and early clinical benefit in Sc. These results call for phase III studies to compare cyclophosphamide alone versus autologous transplantation in Sc and for more myositis in phase I–II studies. <h3>Reference</h3> Farge D, Gluckman E, Tyndall A. Treatment of severe autoimmune diseases by immunoablative chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. EJIM 1999;10:88–96
Developing a toolbox for identifying when to engage senior surgeons in emergency general surgery: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Xiaochu Yu, Yaoda Hu, Zixing Wang, Xiaodong He, Shijie Xin, Guichen Li, Shizheng Wu, Qiang Zhang, Hong Sun, Guanghua Lei, Wei Han, Fang Xue, Lei Wang, Jingmei Jiang, Yupei Zhao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Subgingival fungi, Archaea, and viruses under the omics loupe
Authors: Patricia I. Diaz
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2020)

Abstract The microbial communities that inhabit the gingival crevice are responsible for the pathological processes that affect the periodontium. The changes in composition and function of subgingival bacteria as disease develops have been extensively studied. Subgingival communities, however, also contain fungi, Archaea, and viruses, which could contribute to the dysbiotic processes associated with periodontal diseases. High‐throughput DNA sequencing has facilitated a better understanding of the mycobiome, archaeome, and virome. However, the number of studies available on the nonbacterial components of the subgingival microbiome remains limited in comparison with publications focusing on bacteria. Difficulties in characterizing fungal, archaeal, and viral populations arise from the small portion of the total metagenome mass they occupy and lack of comprehensive reference genome databases. In addition, specialized approaches potentially introducing bias are required to enrich for viral particles, while harsh methods of cell lysis are needed to recover nuclei acids from certain fungi. While the characterization of the subgingival diversity of fungi, Archaea and viruses is incomplete, emerging evidence suggests that they could contribute in different ways to subgingival dysbiosis. Certain fungi, such as Candida albicans are suggested to facilitate colonization of bacterial pathogens. Methanogenic Archaea are associated with periodontitis severity and are thought to partner synergistically with bacterial fermenters, while viruses may affect immune responses or shape microbial communities in ways incompletely understood. This review describes the manner in which omics approaches have improved our understanding of the diversity of fungi, Archaea, and viruses within subgingival communities. Further characterization of these understudied components of the subgingival microbiome is required, together with mechanistic studies to unravel their ecological role and potential contributions to dysbiosis.
Using Genetics To Dissect SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Patrick Brest, Baharia Mograbi, Paul Hofman, Gerard Milano
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2020)

To uncover the key cellular pathways associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectivity, Daniloski and coworkers used CRISPR-based whole-genome screening. Their results could propose new or repositioned drugs for the ongoing fight against COVID-19.
Abstract PO-040: The Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patient encounters
Authors: Jack W. London, Elnara Fazio-Eynullayeva, Matvey Palchuk, Corinna Mossop, Peter Sankey, Christopher McNair
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract The outbreak of COVID-19 has upended the health care industry and the world as a whole, with the full effects unlikely to be realized for years to come. Unfortunately, cancer patients are likely to be disproportionately impacted by the pandemic, and there are a number of key efforts under way to explore this, including the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) and the ASCO Survey on COVID-19 in Oncology registries. However, there have been few studies to quantify the immediate impact COVID-19 has had on deviation from normal cancer care, as well as declines in screening efforts. Less screening may lead to delayed diagnoses and poorer future outcomes. We were able to leverage an existing health research network platform (TriNetX) to create a cohort of 20 different institutions across the US representing over 29 million patients. We initially focused on all patients with ICD-10 diagnostic codes for neoplasms (C00-D49). Key findings include a marked decrease in the number of patients having neoplasm-related encounters for March and April of 2020 when compared to the same months in 2019, with January and February remaining largely unchanged. Specifically, comparing April 2020 to April 2019, we observed roughly a -56.9% drop in the number of patients with a neoplasm-related encounter and a -74.0% drop in the number of patients seen for the first time (e.g., screening, initial diagnosis, second opinion, treatment initiation). Similar trends were observed when querying for patients with encounters related exclusively to malignant neoplasms (ICD-10 C00-C96). Site-specific malignancies were also analyzed, with melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer displaying the largest decline in patients seen, and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and hematologic cancers the smallest drop. Finally, changes in screening were investigated, with breast cancer screening falling by -89.2% and colorectal cancer screening by -84.5% in April of 2020 compared to 2019. Ultimately, these analyses validate the vital need to study and monitor the effect of COVID-19 on cancer patients moving forward, and provide the largest study to quantify the changes in cancer encounters due to the pandemic to date. Citation Format: Jack W. London, Elnara Fazio-Eynullayeva, Matvey Palchuk, Corinna Mossop, Peter Sankey, Christopher McNair. The Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patient encounters [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-040.
157P Efficacy and safety of penpulimab (AK105), a new generation anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody, in upper gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: A.R.A. Mislang, J. Coward, A. Cooper, C.R. Underhill, Y. Zheng, N. Xu, C. Xiao, X. Jin, B. Li, M. Wang, K.Y. Kwek, D. Xia, Y. Xia, A. Prawira
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
371P Real-world insights into treatment patterns and outcomes in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): KINDLE study India analysis
Authors: K. Prabhash, A.R. Jazieh, H.C. Onal, D.S. Weng Tan, R.A. Soo, A. Kumar, R. Huggenberger, S. Robb, B.C. Cho
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
119MO Application of an artificial neural network for predicting the chemotherapy benefit of patients with gastric cancer after radical surgery
Authors: Z. Xue, D. Wu, L-L. Shen, J. Lu, C-H. Zheng, P. Li, J-W. Xie, J-B. Wang, J-X. Lin, Q-Y. Chen, L-L. Cao, M. Lin, R-H. Tu, Z-N. Huang, J-L. Lin, H-L. Zheng, C. Huang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
A New Role for the Natriuretic Peptides: Metabolic Regulators of the Adipocyte⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Lisa C. Costello-Boerrigter, John C. Burnett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
17562 Genetic anticipation in frontal fibrosing alopecia: An inadequate follow-up time bias
Authors: Daniel Ortega-Quijano, Cristina Pindado-Ortega, Darío de Perosanz Lobo, Juan Jimenez-Cauhe, Diego Fernandez-Nieto, Miguel Dominguez Santas, Angela Hermosa-Gelbard, Óscar M. Moreno-Arrones, David Saceda-Corralo, Sergio Vaño-Galvan
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
292P Shared decision-making at the cancer institute adult outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital in the Philippines: A cross sectional study
Authors: M.J. Mendoza, E.E. Cua, L.S. Infante, J.A. Lucero, R.A. Imperio-Onglao, M.E. Villanueva, M.V. Lucero, D.B. Sacdalan, J. Ignacio
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Primary obesity surgery endoluminal (POSE-2) procedure for treatment of obesity in clinical practice
Authors: Gontrand Lopez Nava, Ravishankar Asokkumar, Janese Laster, Anuradha Negi, Enrique Normand, Stephanie Fook-Chong, Inmaculada Bautista-Castaño
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background The POSE-2 procedure shortens and narrows the stomach using multiple full-thickness plications in the gastric body. We studied the efficacy and safety of POSE-2 for obesity at 1 year in a real-world setting. Methods We reviewed the records of 75 patients who underwent POSE-2 at our unit. The primary outcome was percentage total body weight loss (%TBWL) at 1 year. Secondary outcomes were safety and durability. We used linear mixed model analysis. Results 46 patients completed 1 year. Mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 49.3 years (standard deviation [SD] 10.2) and 38.2 kg/m2 (SD 6.6), respectively. Technical success rate was 98.7 % (n = 74). Mean TBWL, %TBWL, and BMI decline at 1 year were 20 kg (SD 12.7), 17.8 % (SD 9.5), 7 kg/m2 (SD 4.3). Adverse events occurred in four patients. The median length of stay was 1 day. Endoscopy at 1 year in 15 patients showed intact sutures and a reduction in gastric length compared with baseline (26.9 cm [SD 5.3] vs. 35.7 cm [SD 3.5]; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion POSE-2 induced significant weight loss at 1 year. It appears to be safe, durable, and required only a short hospital stay.
Determining That Aortic Valve Stenosis Is Severe: Back-to-the-Future: Physical Examination and Aortic Valve Area Index/Energy Loss Index ≤0.6 cm2/m2⁎⁎Editorials published in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Opposing Roles of Type I Interferons in Cancer Immunity
Authors: Giselle M. Boukhaled, Shane Harding, David G. Brooks
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2020)

The immune system is tasked with identifying malignant cells to eliminate or prevent cancer spread. This involves a complex orchestration of many immune cell types that together recognize different aspects of tumor transformation and growth. In response, tumors have developed mechanisms to circumvent immune attack. Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a class of proinflammatory cytokines produced in response to viruses and other environmental stressors. IFN-Is are also emerging as essential drivers of antitumor immunity, potently stimulating the ability of immune cells to eliminate tumor cells. However, a more complicated role for IFN-Is has arisen, as prolonged stimulation can promote feedback inhibitory mechanisms that contribute to immune exhaustion and other deleterious effects that directly or indirectly permit cancer cells to escape immune clearance. We review the fundamental and opposing functions of IFN-Is that modulate tumor growth and impact immune function and ultimately how these functions can be harnessed for the design of new cancer therapies.
Adjuvant chemotherapy and survival in women aged 70 years and older with triple-negative breast cancer: a Swedish population-based propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Slavica Janeva, Chenyang Zhang, Anikó Kovács, Toshima Z Parris, Jennifer A Crozier, Christopher M Pezzi, Barbro Linderholm, Riccardo A Audisio, Roger Olofsson Bagge
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2020)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer associated with poor survival, in which adjuvant systemic treatments are limited to chemotherapy. Due to competing mortality risks and comorbidities, older patients with TNBC are often undertreated with adjuvant chemotherapy, and clinical trials on this problem are scarce, despite a growing patient population. This study aimed to assess outcomes for patients aged 70 years and older with TNBC with or without chemotherapy in a national population-based registry, to provide information that can assist in treatment decisions for these patients.In this population-based registry study, data on all patients aged 70 years and older diagnosed with primary early TNBC (larger than 5 mm in diameter and without distant metastasis) and surgically treated between Jan 1, 2009, and Dec 31, 2016, were retrieved from the Swedish National Breast Cancer Register, the Swedish Patient Register, and the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Patients with incomplete data (on oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, surgical procedure in the breast, or information about chemotherapy) were excluded. A propensity score-matched (PSM) model was used to examine the outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy on 5-year breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and 5-year overall survival (OS), adjusted for age, tumour size, tumour grade, nodal status, and comorbidities.Of 1130 women eligible for analysis, 368 (32·6%) received adjuvant chemotherapy, 45 (4·0%) received neoadjuvant treatment, and 717 (63·5%) did not receive chemotherapy. 5-year BCSS was significantly improved in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (85% [95% CI 81-89]) compared with patients who did not receive chemotherapy (68% [64-72]; p<0·0001). A similar benefit was observed in 5-year OS (79% [95% CI 75-84] vs 49% [45-53]; p<0·0001). In our PSM analysis, 5-year BCSS in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy was 83% (95% CI 78-89), versus 73% (67-80; p=0·014) in patients not treated with chemotherapy. 5-year OS in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy was 75% (95% CI 69-82), versus 63% (57-71; p=0·029) in patients who did not receive chemotherapy.In this PSM registry analysis of surgically treated female patients aged 70 years and older with TNBC without distant metastasis, we identified a significant benefit both in 5-year BCSS and 5-year OS with adjuvant chemotherapy versus no chemotherapy, which persisted when adjusting for age and comorbidities. These results underline the importance of considering adjuvant chemotherapy in older patients.Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Assar Gabrielsson Foundation.
16834 Risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke subsequent to diagnosis for hidradenitis suppurativa: Real-world data from a large urban Midwestern US patient population
Authors: Jennifer Parker, Eran Gwillim, Yasmeen Ali, David Randall Pease, Anne E. Laumann, Dennis P. West, Beatrice Nardone
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Controllable ligand spacing stimulates cellular mechanotransduction and promotes stem cell osteogenic differentiation on soft hydrogels
Authors: Man Zhang, Qian Sun, Yiling Liu, Zhiqin Chu, Leixiao Yu, Yong Hou, Heemin Kang, Qiang Wei, Weifeng Zhao, Joachim P. Spatz, Changsheng Zhao, Elisabetta A. Cavalcanti-Adam
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)