tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Helen Salisbury: Hanging on the telephone
Authors: Helen Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Helen Salisbury: Hanging on the telephone Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Royal College of Surgeons of England is failing female, ethnic minority, and LGBT+ members, finds review
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS England) needs a “radical shake-up” after a diversity review revealed a general sense that women, people from ethnic minorities, and those from the LGBT+ community do not feel represented or valued.1

The review uncovered many stark examples of racism, sexism, and homophobia experienced by surgeons during their training and throughout their careers as well as at the college, including the use of racial slurs and people being “outed.”

The review, commissioned by the college and carried out by Helena Kennedy QC, was based on the deliberations and experiences of a panel of experts alongside findings from focus groups and interviews with 75 surgeons and medical students, and a survey of college members which received over 1400 responses.

It found that two in three people from a black ethnic background felt that the college was not representative of people like them, while just one in three women felt they were important to the college.

“We anticipate dismay when some of the findings from this review are shared. The findings do not cast surgeons or the college in a progressive, modern, or particularly attractive light. We have heard of ‘jokes’ being made about rape and sexual assault and about the ‘N word’ being …
Ulk1 Kinase Mediates Clearance of Free α-Globin in β-Thalassemia
Authors: Christophe Lechauve, Eugene Khandros, Christopher Thom, Abdullah Freiwan, Stephanie Fowler, Kalin Mayberry, Julia Keith, Heather Tillman, Mondira Kundu, Mitchell J. Weiss
Journal: Blood (2017)
P04.09 Real-Time CT Guided Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Partial Resection of Peripheral Small-Sized Lung Tumors in Hybrid OR –A Phase 2 Trial–
Authors: T. Kaiho, H. Suzuki, Y. Sata, Y. Shiina, K. Tanaka, T. Yamamoto, Y. Sakairi, H. Wada, T. Nakajima, I. Yoshino
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Patient Preference Distribution for Use of Statin Therapy
Authors: Suzanne Brodney, K. D. Valentine, Karen Sepucha, Floyd J. Fowler, Michael J. Barry
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Thresholds for initiating statin therapy should be informed by patients' preferences. <h3>Objective</h3> To define the preference distribution for statin therapy across the spectrum of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk after participants were informed about the benefits and harms of statin therapy. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 13 to June 2, 2020. Participants included 304 individuals aged 40 to 75 years drawn from a nonprobability opt-in panel who had not taken a statin or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor in the past 3 years and knew the results of their total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure measurements. <h3>Exposures</h3> Personalized 10-year CVD risk with and without statin therapy and potential harms of statins. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was self-reported preference for statin therapy. <h3>Results</h3> The 304 participants had a mean (SD) age of 54.8 (9.9) years; 152 were women (50.0%), 130 (42.8%) non-White, 50 (16.6%) had a high school degree or less education, and 153 (50.8%) reported never needing help reading health materials. When asked their preference for using statin therapy after reviewing their benefit and risk information, 45% of the participants reported they would definitely or probably choose statin therapy. As the risk increased, the proportion who would choose statin therapy generally increased (from 31.1% for a risk &lt;5% to 82.6% for a risk &gt;50%). The minimum risk threshold had to increase to 20% before 75% of respondents in that risk group would want statin therapy. For participants with a risk greater than 10%, the desire to use statin therapy decreased as participants' health literacy, subjective numeracy, and knowledge scores increased. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, preferences for statin therapy for primary prevention of CVD appeared to vary across the spectrum of 10-year cardiovascular risk, but they were relatively flat at intermediate levels of risk. This preference distribution suggests a broad risk range for shared decision-making.
Prevalence of Missing Data in the National Cancer Database and Association With Overall Survival
Authors: Daniel X. Yang, Rohan Khera, Joseph A. Miccio, Vikram Jairam, Enoch Chang, James B. Yu, Henry S. Park, Harlan M. Krumholz, Sanjay Aneja
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Cancer registries are important real-world data sources consisting of data abstraction from the medical record; however, patients with unknown or missing data are underrepresented in studies that use such data sources. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the prevalence of missing data and its association with overall survival among patients with cancer. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this retrospective cohort study, all variables within the National Cancer Database were reviewed for missing or unknown values for patients with the 3 most common cancers in the US who received diagnoses from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2015. The prevalence of patient records with missing data and the association with overall survival were assessed. Data analysis was performed from February to August 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Any missing data field within a patient record among 63 variables of interest from more than 130 total variables in the National Cancer Database. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Prevalence of missing data in the medical records of patients with cancer and associated 2-year overall survival. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1 198 749 patients with non–small cell lung cancer (mean [SD] age, 68.5 [10.9] years; 628 811 men [52.5%]), 2 120 775 patients with breast cancer (mean [SD] age, 61.0 [13.3] years; 2 101 758 women [99.1%]), and 1 158 635 patients with prostate cancer (mean [SD] age, 65.2 [9.0] years; 100% men) were included in the analysis. Among those with non–small cell lung cancer, 851 295 patients (71.0%) were missing data for variables of interest; 2-year overall survival was 33.2% for patients with missing data and 51.6% for patients with complete data (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Among those with breast cancer, 1 161 096 patients (54.7%) were missing data for variables of interest; 2-year overall survival was 93.2% for patients with missing data and 93.9% for patients with complete data (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Among those with prostate cancer, 460 167 patients (39.7%) were missing data for variables of interest; 2-year overall survival was 91.0% for patients with missing data and 95.6% for patients with complete data (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study found that within a large cancer registry–based real-world data source, there was a high prevalence of missing data that were unable to be ascertained from the medical record. The prevalence of missing data among patients with cancer was associated with heterogeneous differences in overall survival. Improvements in documentation and data quality are necessary to make optimal use of real-world data for clinical advancements.
MA01.05 Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Pemetrexed With or Without Either Bevacizumab or Pembrolizumab in Patients With Metastatic NSCLC
Authors: W.C. Kwok, T.F. Cheong, K.Y. Chiang, C.M.J. Ho, C.L.D. Lam, M.S.M. Ip, C.C.T. Tam
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Extracellular vesicles of Fusobacterium nucleatum compromise intestinal barrier through targeting RIPK1-mediated cell death pathway
Authors: Le Liu, Liping Liang, Chenghai Yang, Youlian Zhou, Ye Chen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Microbial factors that mediate microbes-host interaction in ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic disease seriously affecting human health, are not fully known. The emerging oncobacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) secretes extracellular vesicles carrying several types of harmful molecules in the intestine which can alter microbes-host interaction, especially the epithelial homeostasis in UC. However, the mechanism is not yet clear. Previously, we isolated EVs by the ultracentrifugation of Fn culture media and characterized them as the potent inducer of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we examined the mechanism in detail. We found that in macrophage/Caco-2 co-cultures, FnEVs significantly promoted epithelial barrier loss and oxidative stress damage, which are related to epithelial necroptosis caused by the activation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3). Furthermore, FnEVs promoted the migration of RIPK1 and RIPK3 into necrosome in Caco2 cells. Notably, these effects were reversed by TNF-α neutralizing antibody or Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), a RIPK1 inhibitor. This suggested that FADD-RIPK1-caspase-3 signaling is involved in the process. Moreover, the observed effects were verified in the murine colitis model treated with FnEVs or by adoptive transfer of FnEVs-trained macrophages. In conclusion, we propose that RIPK1-mediated epithelial cell death promotes FnEVs-induced gut barrier disruption in UC and the findings can be used as the basis to further investigate this disease.
Empiric antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients: a systematic review and a network meta-analysis
Authors: Lara Montes-Andujar, Elena Tinoco, Orville Baez-Pravia, Carlos Martin-Saborido, Pablo Blanco-Schweizer, Carmen Segura, Estefania Prol Silva, Vivivan Reyes, Ana Rodriguez Cobo, Carmen Zurdo, Verónica Angel, Olga Varona, José Valero, Rafael Suarez del Villar, Guillermo Ortiz, Julio Villanueva, Justo Menéndez, Jesús Blanco, Antoni Torres, Pablo A Cardinal-Fernández
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Objective The main aim of this network meta-analysis is to identify the empiric antibiotic (Em-ATB) with the highest probability of being the best (HPBB) in terms of (1) cure rate and (2) mortality rate in hospitalised patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) . Method Inclusion criteria: (1) adult patients (&gt;16 years old) diagnosed with CAP that required hospitalisation; (2) randomised to at least two different Em-ATBs, (3) that report cure rate and (4) are written in English or Spanish. Exclusion criteria: (1) ambiguous antibiotics protocol and (2) published exclusively in abstract or letter format. Data sources: Medline, Embase, Cochrane and citation reviews from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018. Risk of bias: Cochrane’s tool. Quality of the systematic review (SR): A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews-2. Certainity of the evidence: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Statistical analyses: frequentist method performed with the ‘netmeta’ library, R package. Results 27 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from the initial 41 307 screened citations were included. Regarding the risk of bias, more than one quarter of the studies presented low risk and no study presented high risk in all domains. The SR quality is moderate. For cure , two networks were constructed. Thus, two Em-ATBs have the HPBB: cetaroline 600 mg (two times a day) and piperacillin 2000 mg (two times a day). For mortality, three networks were constructed. Thus, three Em-ATBs have the HPBB: ceftriaxone 2000 mg (once a day) plus levofloxacin 500 (two times a day), ertapenem 1000 mg (two times a day) and amikacin 250 mg (two times a day) plus clarithromycin 500 mg (two times a day). The certainity of evidence for each results is moderate. Conclusion For cure rate, ceftaroline and piperaciline are the options with the HPBB. However, for mortality rate, the options are ceftriaxone plus levofloxacin, ertapenem and amikacin plus clarithromycin. It seems necessary to conduct an RCT that compares treatments with the HPBB for each event (cure or mortality) (CRD42017060692).
Participation of Black US Residents in Clinical Trials of 24 Cardiovascular Drugs Granted FDA Approval, 2006-2020
Authors: Siliang Chen, Jiarui Li
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

This cross-sectional study investigates the representation status of Black US residents in clinical trials of 24 cardiovascular drugs granted US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval between January 1, 2006, and August 31, 2020.
P76.39 Acquired Resistance Mechanisms in T790M-Positive Advanced NSCLC Tested by Non-Invasive Molecular Testing (NIMT) and Their Clinical Relevance
Authors: P. Watcharenwong, N. Trachu, P. Incharoen, D. Munthum, N. Iemwimangsa, B. Panthan, P. Jiaranai, A. Charoenyingwattana, W. Chantratita, T. Reungwetwattana
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Association of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in Women Veterans
Authors: Ramin Ebrahimi, Kristine E. Lynch, Jean C. Beckham, Paul A. Dennis, Benjamin Viernes, Chi-Hong Tseng, A. Laurie W. Shroyer, Jennifer A. Sumner
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with greater risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in predominantly male populations or limited community samples. Women veterans represent a growing, yet understudied, population with high levels of trauma exposure and unique cardiovascular risks, but research on PTSD and IHD in this group is lacking.To determine whether PTSD is associated with incident IHD in women veterans.In this retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of the national Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic medical records, the a priori hypothesis that PTSD would be associated with greater risk of IHD onset was tested. Women veterans 18 years or older with and without PTSD who were patients in the VHA from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017, were assessed for study eligibility. Exclusion criteria consisted of no VHA clinical encounters after the index visit, IHD diagnosis at or before the index visit, and IHD diagnosis within 90 days of the index visit. Propensity score matching on age at index visit, number of prior visits, and presence of traditional and female-specific cardiovascular risk factors and mental and physical health conditions was conducted to identify women veterans ever diagnosed with PTSD, who were matched in a 1:2 ratio to those never diagnosed with PTSD. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2018, to October 30, 2020.PTSD, defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), diagnosis codes from inpatient or outpatient encounters.Incident IHD, defined as new-onset coronary artery disease, angina, or myocardial infarction, based on ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnosis codes from inpatient or outpatient encounters, and/or coronary interventions based on Current Procedural Terminology codes.A total of 398 769 women veterans, 132 923 with PTSD and 265 846 never diagnosed with PTSD, were included in the analysis. Baseline mean (SD) age was 40.1 (12.2) years. During median follow-up of 4.9 (interquartile range, 2.1-9.2) years, 4381 women with PTSD (3.3%) and 5559 control individuals (2.1%) developed incident IHD. In a Cox proportional hazards model, PTSD was significantly associated with greater risk of developing IHD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.38-1.50). Secondary stratified analyses indicated that younger age identified women veterans with PTSD who were at greater risk of incident IHD. Effect sizes were largest for those younger than 40 years at baseline (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.55-1.93) and decreased monotonically with increasing age (HR for ≥60 years, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.12-1.38).This cohort study found that PTSD was associated with increased risk of IHD in women veterans and may have implications for IHD risk assessment in vulnerable individuals.
Treatment Effects of Interleukin-6 Receptor Antibodies for Modulating the Systemic Inflammatory Response After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (The IMICA Trial)
Authors: Martin Abild Stengaard Meyer, Sebastian Wiberg, Johannes Grand, Anna Sina Pettersson Meyer, Laust Emil Roelsgaard Obling, Martin Frydland, Jakob Hartvig Thomsen, Jakob Josiassen, Jacob Eifer Møller, Jesper Kjaergaard, Christian Hassager
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Patients experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who remain comatose after initial resuscitation are at high risk of morbidity and mortality attributable to the ensuing post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Systemic inflammation constitutes a major component of post-cardiac arrest syndrome, and IL-6 (interleukin-6) levels are associated with post-cardiac arrest syndrome severity. The IL-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab could potentially dampen inflammation in post-cardiac arrest syndrome. The objective of the present trial was to determine the efficacy of tocilizumab to reduce systemic inflammation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of a presumed cardiac cause and thereby potentially mitigate organ injury.Eighty comatose patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were randomly assigned 1:1 in a double-blinded placebo-controlled trial to a single infusion of tocilizumab or placebo in addition to standard of care including targeted temperature management. Blood samples were sequentially drawn during the initial 72 hours. The primary end point was the reduction in C-reactive protein response from baseline until 72 hours in patients treated with tocilizumab evaluated by mixed-model analysis for a treatment-by-time interaction. Secondary end points (main) were the marker of inflammation: leukocytes; the markers of myocardial injury: creatine kinase myocardial band, troponin T, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; and the marker of brain injury: neuron-specific enolase. These secondary end points were analyzed by mixed-model analysis.The primary end point of reducing the C-reactive protein response by tocilizumab was achieved since there was a significant treatment-by-time interaction, P<0.0001, and a profound effect on C-reactive protein levels. Systemic inflammation was reduced by treatment with tocilizumab because both C-reactive protein and leukocyte levels were markedly reduced, tocilizumab versus placebo at 24 hours: -84% [-90%; -76%] and -34% [-46%; -19%], respectively, both P<0.001. Myocardial injury was also reduced, documented by reductions in creatine kinase myocardial band and troponin T; tocilizumab versus placebo at 12 hours: -36% [-54%; -11%] and -38% [-53%; -19%], respectively, both P<0.01. N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide was similarly reduced by active treatment; tocilizumab versus placebo at 48 hours: -65% [-80%; -41%], P<0.001. There were no differences in survival or neurological outcome.Treatment with tocilizumab resulted in a significant reduction in systemic inflammation and myocardial injury in comatose patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03863015.
Onasemnogene abeparvovec gene therapy for symptomatic infantile-onset spinal muscular atrophy in patients with two copies of SMN2 (STR1VE): an open-label, single-arm, multicentre, phase 3 trial
Authors: John W Day, Richard S Finkel, Claudia A Chiriboga, Anne M Connolly, Thomas O Crawford, Basil T Darras, Susan T Iannaccone, Nancy L Kuntz, Loren D M Peña, Perry B Shieh, Edward C Smith, Jennifer M Kwon, Craig M Zaidman, Meredith Schultz, Douglas E Feltner, Sitra Tauscher-Wisniewski, Haojun Ouyang, Deepa H Chand, Douglas M Sproule, Thomas A Macek, Jerry R Mendell
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2021)
Losartan vs Atenolol in Prevention of Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Albert Fournier, Roxana Oprisiu, Michel Andrejak, Leonardo Fernandez, Jean Michel Achard
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ischemia-Mediated Dysfunction in Subpapillary Myocardium as a Marker of Functional Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Jonathan D Kochav, Jiwon Kim, Robert Judd, Han W Kim, Igor Klem, John Heitner, Dipan Shah, Chetan Shenoy, Afshin Farzaneh-Far, Venkateshwar Polsani, Ramsey Kalil, Pablo Villar-Calle, Lakshmi Nambiar, Razia Sultana, Michele Parker, Preston Cargile, Omar K Khalique, Martin B Leon, Dimitrios Karmpaliotis, Mark Ratcliffe, Robert Levine, William A Zoghbi, Richard B Devereux, Chaya S Moskowitz, Raymond Kim, Jonathan W Weinsaft
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2021)
EPR21-037: Prevalence of Low HER2 Expression Among HER2 Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients in U.S: Multi-Site, Retrospective Chart Review Study
Authors: Sandhya Mehta, Winghan Kwong, Angelica Falkenstein, Melissa Pavilack, Jonathan Kish
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

"EPR21-037: Prevalence of Low HER2 Expression Among HER2 Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients in U.S: Multi-Site, Retrospective Chart Review Study" published on 17 Mar 2021 by National Comprehensive Cancer Network.
Gender dysphoria: Parents can consent to puberty blockers for their child, says judge
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Children with gender dysphoria who want to take puberty blockers may have them prescribed without the need for a court application if their parents consent and their doctors agree, a High Court judge has ruled.1

The ruling by Mrs Justice Lieven answers a concern following a recent judgment in a case about puberty blockers that the treatment could no longer be given to …