tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management, surveillance patterns, and costs associated with low-grade papillary (Ta) nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Authors: Kelly K. Bree, Yong Shan, Patrick J. Hensley, Niyati Lobo, Chengrui Hu, Douglas S. Tyler, Karim Chamie, Ashish M. Kamat, Stephen B. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

464 Background: Low-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is associated with extremely low rates of progression and cancer-specific mortality, however, these patients may often receive non-guideline recommended and potentially costly surveillance and treatment(s). We sought to describe current surveillance and treatment practices, oncologic outcomes, and cost of care for low-grade papillary (LG Ta) NMIBC and identify predictors of increased cost of care. Methods: This population-based cohort study identified 13,054 patients diagnosed with LG Ta tumors in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare linked database from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2013. The primary outcome was to characterize trends in population-level surveillance and treatment practice patterns over time among LG Ta patients. The secondary outcomes were recurrence, progression, and costs of care. Results: Of the 13,054 patients who met inclusion criteria, 9,596 (73.5%) were male and 3,485 (26.5%) were female, with a median age of 76 (Interquartile Range (IQR): 71–81) years. Rates of surveillance cystoscopy increased over the study period (79.3% to 81.5%, p = 0.007) with patients undergoing a median of three cystoscopies per year (IQR: 2–4). Rates of upper tract imaging utilization also increased, namely the use of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (30.4% to 47%, p &lt; 0.001), with most patients undergoing a median of two imaging tests per year. Similarly, the use of urine cytology or other urine biomarkers also increased (44.8% to 54.9%, p &lt; 0.001). Rates of compliance with current guidelines decreased over time suggesting overutilization of all surveillance testing modalities. A total of 17.2% of patients received intravesical bacillus-Calmette Guerin (BCG) and 6.1% received intravesical chemotherapy (excluding single perioperative dose). Among all LG Ta patients, 1.7% and 0.4% experienced disease recurrence and progression, respectively. Total annual median costs of LG Ta surveillance and care increased 1.6-fold from $34,792 to $53,986 over the study period, with increased expenditures noted among those with disease recurrence ($53,909 and $76,669). Conclusions: Despite low rates of disease recurrence or progression, rates of surveillance testing increased during the study period. Annual cost of care increased over time, particularly among patients with recurrent disease. Efforts to improve adherence to current practice guidelines, with the focus on limiting overutilization of surveillance testing and overtreatment, may mitigate associated rising costs of care.
A randomized, controlled trial of group exercise training for fall prevention and functional improvements during and after treatment for prostate cancer.
Authors: Kerri M. Winters-Stone, Fuzhong Li, Fay B. Horak, Nathan Dieckmann, Arthur Hung, Christopher L. Amling, Tomasz M. Beer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS193 Background: Many prostate cancer survivors are treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but these therapies may increase frailty, worsen physical functioning, and increase fall risk. While exercise may counter functional declines associated with ADT, no studies have tested whether and which type of exercise may reduce falls and frailty. The purpose of this trial is to compare the relative efficacy of strength training versus tai ji quan training against each other and to a stretching control group on falls, frailty and physical functioning in men expose to ADT for prostate cancer. Methods: Prostate cancer survivors treated with ADT (n = 360) will be recruited to participate in this single-blind, parallel group, randomized trial. To be eligible men must meet the following criteria: 1) histologically confirmed prostate cancer, 2) received at least 6 months of ADT within the past 10 years, 3) report &gt;1 fall in the past year OR have a score on one of two physical performance tests that is associated with increased fall risk (i.e. ≥ 12.0 seconds to complete the 3 meter timed up and go (TUG), or ≥ 10.0 seconds to complete 5 chair stands), 4) completed any other treatment at least 6 weeks prior to enrollment and not be on any concurrent prostate cancer therapy besides ADT, 5) not currently participating in moderate-vigorous intensity lower-body strength training or tai ji quan training ≥ 2 times/week for ≥ 30 minutes per session, 6) no cognitive difficulties that limit ability to answer survey questions or participate in exercise classes and performance tests, 7) no medical condition, disorder, or take medication that contraindicates participation in moderate intensity exercise, and 8) are able to communicate in English. Participants will be randomized to one of three supervised, group training programs: i) strength training, ii) tai ji quan training, or iii) stretching (control), that train 3x/week for 6 months. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, 3 (mid-intervention), 6 (immediately post-intervention) and 12 (follow-up) months. The primary outcome is falls assessed by monthly self-report. Secondary outcomes include the following: Frailty (low lean body mass (by bioelectrical impedance analysis), exhaustion (by SF-36 vitality scale), low activity (by CHAMPS physical activity survey), slowness (by 4m usual walk speed), and weakness (by chair stand time)); Objective and subjective measures of physical function will also be collected. Negative binomial regression models will be used to assess differences in falls between groups, while mixed-effects modeling will be used to compare the relative efficacy of training group on secondary outcomes. Registered November 18, 2018. Clinical trial information: NCT03741335.
VACANCIES IN THE NAVY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pancreatic Cysts
Authors: D. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1933)

of any depressed activity of the normal cells has been demonstrated."In our case the pancreatic islands were seen to be normal, and in the one test performed there was no evidence of any decreased tolerance.CONCLUSION 1.A case of adenoma of the islands of Langerhans asso- ciated with hypoglycaemia is reported.2. It is suggested that in a case of hypoglycaemia, not controlled by dietetic measures, a tumour of the islands of Langerhans should be suspected.We desire to express our thanks to Dr. NV. D. Jeans for the preparation of the photomicrographs, and to Miss M. Staynes, B.Sc., for carrying out the numerous biochemical analyses.
Convergent Adaptation of Ootheca Formation as a Reproductive Strategy in Polyneoptera
Authors: Erxia Du, Shuai Wang, Yun-Xia Luan, Caisheng Zhou, Zhaoxin Li, Na Li, Shutang Zhou, Tingting Zhang, Wentao Ma, Yingying Cui, Dongwei Yuan, Chonghua Ren, Jianzhen Zhang, Siegfried Roth, Sheng Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

Insects have evolved numerous adaptations and colonized diverse terrestrial environments. Several polyneopterans, including dictyopterans (cockroaches and mantids) and locusts, have developed oothecae, but little is known about the molecular mechanism, physiological function, and evolutionary significance of ootheca formation. Here, we demonstrate that the cockroach asymmetric colleterial glands produce vitellogenins, proline-rich protein, and glycine-rich protein as major ootheca structural proteins (OSPs) that undergo sclerotization and melanization for ootheca formation through the cooperative protocatechuic acid pathway and dopachrome and dopaminechrome subpathway. Functionally, OSP sclerotization and melanization prevent eggs from losing water at warm and dry conditions, and thus effectively maintain embryo viability. Dictyopterans and locusts convergently evolved vitellogenins, apolipoprotein D, and laminins as OSPs, whereas within Dictyoptera, cockroaches and mantids independently developed glycine-rich protein and fibroins as OSPs. Highlighting the ecological-evolutionary importance, convergent ootheca formation represents a successful reproductive strategy in Polyneoptera that promoted the radiation and establishment of cockroaches, mantids, and locusts.
The Public Service.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neonatal meningitis.
Authors: A Walling, M Skoch
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a diverse group of pulmonary fibrotic and inflammatory conditions. The global burden of ILD is largely unknown, in part because of differences between countries in diagnosis and in coding practices<sup>1</sup>. Reviews to date have therefore tended to be limited in geographical scope and focused on individual ILDs. Our aim was to systematically review evidence for ILD prevalence and incidence on a global scale. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic search of Medline and Embase was conducted to identify relevant articles reporting the incidence and/or prevalence of individual ILD subtypes. The search was limited to observational studies published between 2015 and 2020 in English, with articles independently screened by two reviewers. An adapted Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess quality and risk of bias. <h3>Results</h3> Of 8,560 articles, 51 studies were included. Geographically, most studies were from Asia (47.1%) and Europe (43.1%). Significant heterogeneity was noted in the incidence and prevalence (figure 1) of ILDs between different countries. These variations are largely attributed to the diversity of the underlying population and differences in data sources used. For example, the prevalence of systemic sclerosis ILD ranged from 30% in Europe to 71% in Asia, silicosis ranged from 0.02% in the USA to 37% in Brazil. IPF was the most reported ILD, the range of prevalence was 8.5 to 38.8 per 100,000 persons, and incidence was 2.4 to 48.5 per 100,000 persons-years, across regions. <h3>Discussion</h3> There have been few reviews investigating the epidemiology of ILDs overall or by subtypes. ILD publications differed by region, for example, more studies from Asia explored occupational ILDs, whereas more European studies reported on autoimmune ILDs. With an increasing research interest in progressive fibrosing ILDs, there is a need to understand the global burden of ILD and highlight unmet needs. <h3>Reference</h3> King TE. <i>Am J Respir Crit Care Med</i>. 2005;<b>172</b>:268–279.
Exploiting genomics to mitigate the public health impact of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Claire Waddington, Megan E. Carey, Christine J. Boinett, Ellen Higginson, Balaji Veeraraghavan, Stephen Baker
Journal: Genome Medicine (2022)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health threat, which has been largely driven by the excessive use of antimicrobials. Control measures are urgently needed to slow the trajectory of AMR but are hampered by an incomplete understanding of the interplay between pathogens, AMR encoding genes, and mobile genetic elements at a microbial level. These factors, combined with the human, animal, and environmental interactions that underlie AMR dissemination at a population level, make for a highly complex landscape. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and, more recently, metagenomic analyses have greatly enhanced our understanding of these processes, and these approaches are informing mitigation strategies for how we better understand and control AMR. This review explores how WGS techniques have advanced global, national, and local AMR surveillance, and how this improved understanding is being applied to inform solutions, such as novel diagnostic methods that allow antimicrobial use to be optimised and vaccination strategies for better controlling AMR. We highlight some future opportunities for AMR control informed by genomic sequencing, along with the remaining challenges that must be overcome to fully realise the potential of WGS approaches for international AMR control.
Debating DAP12
Authors: Heather L. Van Epps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Debating DAP12Mice that lack the adaptor protein DAP12 defy deadly bacterial infections, according to Turnbull and colleagues on page 363.DAP12-deficient mice developed a muted inflammatory response, allowing the immune system to clear the bacteria without triggering septic shock.DAP12 is a transmembrane adaptor protein that is associated with an array of DAP12-deficient mice (dotted line) are resistant to a lethal endotoxin challenge.
Current applications and future perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in cancer
Authors: Si-Wei Wang, Chao Gao, Yi-Min Zheng, Li Yi, Jia-Cheng Lu, Xiao-Yong Huang, Jia-Bin Cai, Peng-Fei Zhang, Yue-Hong Cui, Ai-Wu Ke
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system provides adaptive immunity against plasmids and phages in prokaryotes. This system inspires the development of a powerful genome engineering tool, the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing system. Due to its high efficiency and precision, the CRISPR/Cas9 technique has been employed to explore the functions of cancer-related genes, establish tumor-bearing animal models and probe drug targets, vastly increasing our understanding of cancer genomics. Here, we review current status of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in oncological research. We first explain the basic principles of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and introduce several new CRISPR-based gene editing modes. We next detail the rapid progress of CRISPR screening in revealing tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms. In addition, we introduce CRISPR/Cas9 system delivery vectors and finally demonstrate the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 engineering to enhance the effect of adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) and reduce adverse reactions.
Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP: esophageal stent to the rescue
Authors: Joel Ferreira-Silva, Pedro Pereira, Eduardo Rodrigues-Pinto, Filipe Vilas-Boas, Guilherme Macedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 39-year-old woman with history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery was referred to our department owing to a new onset of jaundice. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a solid pancreatic head lesion measuring 35 mm causing common bile duct (CBD) dilation ([Fig. 1]). After multidisciplinary discussion, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) was pursued.
NEWS AND NOTES
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The following statement prepared by the B.M.A.'s Central Ethical Committee was approvea by the Association's Council nem.con.(with two abstentions) at its meeting on 26 7une.The procedure of artificial feeding of pris- oners weakened by self-starvation has been in existence for many years.The Home Secretary has stated recently in the House of Commnons that it is a long-held view that a prison medical officer would be neg- lecting his duty if he let the health of a prisoner on hunger-strike in his charge be endangered without attempting to help.The Association considers that this help may take several forms and must always include an explanation to the prisoner of the effects of self-stairvation upon his health.On rare occasions the desirability of artificial feeding will have to be con- sidered.In this procedure a prison medical officer must be given complete clinical in- dependence in deciding for or against the course of action under consideration.The
Antiseptic Surgery
Authors: S. M. Bradley
Journal: BMJ (1878)

tape must then be passed up on the fingers of the operator, and placed on the child's wrist in utero.This, of course, is not so easy as when the arm is down in the vagina.For snaring an arm in utero, I pass the tape through a tube of flexible metal; the arm is thus more easily caught; and when the noose is securely fixed round the wrist of the child, the arm can be brought down by traction on the tape at any period of the labour.When one arm is thus brought down, the other can easily be secured.The tape must always be sufficiently long that a portion of it hangs down externally after the presenting hand has gone up.Whenever delivery is to terminate head-last, it is always well to adopt this contrivance.I am desirous of recording this little device, because I believe it is not mentioned in any of the English text-books on obstetric practice, nor is it taught in our midwifery schools.I learned it from my friend
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Origin of Meiotic Nondisjunction in Drosophila Females
Authors: Rhoda F. Grell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Meiotic nondisjunction can be induced by external agents, such as heat, radiation, and chemicals, and by internal genotypic alterations, namely, point mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. In many cases, nondisjunction arises from a reduction or elimination of crossing over, leading to the production of homologous univalents which fail to co-orient on the metaphase plate and to disjoin properly. In some organisms, e.g., Drosophila and perhaps man, distributive pairing (i.e., a psot-exchange, size-dependent pairing) ensures the regular segregation of such homologous univalents. When a nonhomologous univalent is present, which falls within a size range permitting nonhomologous recognition and pairing, distributive nondisjunction of the homologues may follow. Examples of nondisjunction induced by inversion heterozygosity, translocation heterozygosity, chromosome fragments, radiation, heat, and recombination-defective mutants are presented.