tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Receptive and Expressive Language Skills Among Young Children With Prelingual Single-Sided Deafness Managed With Early Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Tine Arras, An Boudewyns, Ingeborg Dhooge, Erwin Offeciers, Birgit Philips, Christian Desloovere, Jan Wouters, Astrid van Wieringen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Pediatric single-sided deafness (SSD) can seriously affect development, causing impaired spatial hearing skills, speech-language delays, and academic underachievement. Early cochlear implantation likely improves hearing-related outcomes, but its association with language development remains unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether early cochlear implantation is associated with language outcomes for children with prelingual SSD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The Cochlear Implant for Children and One Deaf Ear study was initiated in 2015 and recruited participants at 4 academic hospitals in Flanders, Belgium, through 2019. This cohort study included 3 groups of children aged 2 to 5 years: children with SSD and a cochlear implant, children with SSD without a cochlear implant, and a control group with normal hearing. Language and hearing skills were assessed 1 to 2 times per year until the age of 10 years. Study completion rates were high (82%). Data analysis was performed from October to December 2020. <h3>Exposure</h3> Unilateral cochlear implant. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Longitudinal vocabulary, grammar, and receptive language scores. The implanted group was hypothesized to outperform the nonimplanted group on all language tests. <h3>Results</h3> During the recruitment period, 47 children with prelingual SSD without additional disabilities were identified at the participating hospitals. Fifteen of the 34 children with an intact auditory nerve received a cochlear implant (44%, convenience sample). Sixteen of the remaining children were enrolled in the SSD control group (50%). Data from 61 children (mean [SD] age at the time of enrollment, 2.08 [1.34] years; 26 girls [42%]) were included in the analysis: 15 children with SSD and a cochlear implant, 16 children with SSD without a cochlear implant, and 30 children with normal hearing. Children with SSD and a cochlear implant performed in line with their peers with normal hearing with regard to grammar. In contrast, children with SSD without a cochlear implant had worse grammar scores than the group with implants (−0.76; 95% CI, −0.31 to −1.21;<i>P</i> = .004) and the group with normal hearing (−0.53; 95% CI, −0.91 to −0.15;<i>P</i> = .02). The 3 groups had similar vocabulary and receptive language abilities. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that early cochlear implantation is associated with normal grammar development in young children with prelingual SSD. Although further follow-up will reveal the long-term outcomes of the cochlear implant for other skills, the current results will help clinicians and policy makers identify the best treatment option for these children.
26698 Characteristics and disease burden in patients with mild to moderate vs severe plaque psoriasis in real-world settings: Results from the Corrona Psoriasis Registry
Authors: Bruce Strober, Angel Cronin, Tin-chi Lin, Jaqueline O’Brien, Kelechi Emeanuru, Hyung-Joo Kang, Natalie Nunez Gomez, Ibrahim Khilfeh, Mark Lebwohl
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Covid-19和急性肾脏损伤在医院：良好的准则摘要
Authors: 尼古拉斯M Selby., Lui G. forni., 克里斯托弗M劳斯, 克里尔霍伊, Rhys埃文斯博士, 伯尼尼j. Lucas., Richard J抹布
Journal: BMJ (2020)

### 你需要知道什么

急性肾脏损伤（AKI），肾功能突然减少，在一些有Covid-19感染的人中被观察到。患者的一部分发展严重的AKI并需要肾置换疗法（RRT）。与许多设置一样，AKI的发展与增加的死亡风险增加。12虽然我们的理解是不完整的，但是从案例报告和尸检系列的Covid-19特定原因的案件报告和尸检系列的态度。已经报道了包括血栓性血管过程，病毒介导的管状细胞损伤和肾小球肾炎的内在肾脏病理学，以及由外在因素如流体耗尽，多器官衰竭和横纹肌溶解产生的AKI。34567轶事报告已经出现了与盐结血症，咳嗽血症，正常阴离子间隙代谢酸中毒中的近端管状损伤，从盐浪费中表现为低钾血症，咳嗽磷血症，正常的阴离子间隙代谢酸中毒和低钾血症。重要的是，AKI可以在Covid-19感染的所有阶段发生，因此临床警惕和对早期检测和诊断的危险因素的危险因素是一般支持护理的基本组成部分。流体管理是核心的。

This article summarises key points from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) covid-19 rapid guideline on …
Real world effectiveness of covid-19 vaccines
Authors: Daniel Hungerford, Nigel A Cunliffe
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Post-introduction vaccine studies provide practitioners and policy makers with the kind of evidence that clinical trials cannot-including real world vaccine effectiveness against multiple clinical outcomes.Two linked studies 1 2 that together examined three covid-19 vaccines, add to mounting evidence that efficacy reported in clinical trials translates well to the real world. 3 -7 The studied vaccines-CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), and mRNA-1273 (Moderna)-performed well in preventing severe covid-19 and deaths in adults after two doses; a single dose was significantly less effective, and all three vaccines were effective (although demonstrably less so) against milder disease.Both studies used test negative case-control designs to estimate effectiveness-comparing vaccination history among people with symptoms who tested either positive (cases) or negative (controls) for SARS-CoV-2.Ranzani and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.n2015)evaluated CoronaVac in adults aged 70 or older in Brazil during a gamma variant epidemic and report an effectiveness after two doses of 42% against symptomatic covid-19 of any severity. 1Chung and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.n1943)evaluated two mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) in adults in Canada, reporting point estimates of greater than 80% effectiveness after two doses against symptomatic covid-19 caused by several variants-including alpha, beta, and gamma-but lower effectiveness (43-61%) after a single dose. 2 Additional studies of delta and other variants will be needed as SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve.
The FAP -activated prodrug Z-GP-DAVLBH inhibits the growth and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the AXL pathway
Authors: Geni Ye, Maohua Huang, Yong Li, Jie Ouyang, Minfeng Chen, Qing Wen, Xiaobo Li, Huhu Zeng, Pei Long, Zepei Fan, Junqiang Yin, Wencai Ye, Dongmei Zhang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Osteosarcoma is a kind of bone tumor with highly proliferative and invasive properties, a high incidence of pulmonary metastasis and a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for osteosarcoma. Currently, there are no molecular targeted drugs approved for osteosarcoma treatment, particularly effective drugs for osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases. It has been reported that fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα) is upregulated in osteosarcoma and critically associated with osteosarcoma progression and metastasis, demonstrating that FAPα-targeted agents might be a promising therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma. In the present study, we reported that the FAPα-activated vinblastine prodrug Z-GP-DAVLBH exhibited potent antitumor activities against FAPα-positive osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Z-GP-DAVLBH inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Importantly, it also decreased the migration and invasion capacities and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and suppressed pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma xenografts in vivo. Mechanistically, Z-GP-DAVLBH suppressed the AXL/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, leading to inhibition of the growth and metastatic spread of osteosarcoma cells. These findings demonstrate that Z-GP-DAVLBH is a promising agent for the treatment of FAPα-positive osteosarcoma, particularly osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases.
Randomized controlled trial of fractionated laser resurfacing on aged skin as prophylaxis against actinic neoplasia
Authors: Dan F. Spandau, Roy Chen, Jeffrey J. Wargo, Craig A. Rohan, David Southern, Angela Zhang, Mathew Loesch, Jonathan Weyerbacher, Sunil S. Tholpady, Davina A. Lewis, Matthew Kuhar, Kenneth Y. Tsai, Amber J. Castellanos, Michael G. Kemp, Michael Markey, Elizabeth Cates, Amy R. Williams, Christina Knisely, Sabina Bashir, Ryan Gabbard, Robert Hoopes, Jeffrey B. Travers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

BACKGROUNDThe loss of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression in senescent dermal fibroblasts during aging is associated with an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). We tested how IGF-1 signaling can influence photocarcinogenesis during chronic UVB exposure to determine if fractionated laser resurfacing (FLR) of aged skin, which upregulates dermal IGF-1 levels, can prevent the occurrence of actinic keratosis (AK) and NMSC.METHODSA human skin/immunodeficient mouse xenografting model was used to test the effects of a small molecule inhibitor of the IGF-1 receptor on chronic UVB radiation. Subsequently, the durability of FLR treatment was tested on a cohort of human participants aged 65 years and older. Finally, 48 individuals aged 60 years and older with considerable actinic damage were enrolled in a prospective randomized clinical trial in which they underwent a single unilateral FLR treatment of one lower arm. Numbers of AKs/NMSCs were recorded on both extremities for up to 36 months in blinded fashion.RESULTSXenografting studies revealed that chronic UVB treatment with a topical IGF-1R inhibitor resulted in a procarcinogenic response. A single FLR treatment was durable in restoring appropriate UVB response in geriatric skin for at least 2 years. FLR resulted in sustained reduction in numbers of AKs and decreased numbers of NMSCs in the treated arm (2 NMSCs) versus the untreated arm (24 NMSCs).CONCLUSIONThe elimination of senescent fibroblasts via FLR reduced the procarcinogenic UVB response of aged skin. Thus, wounding therapies are a potentially effective prophylaxis for managing high-risk populations.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03906253).FUNDINGNational Institutes of Health, Veterans Administration.
Allosteric inhibition reveals SHP2-mediated tumor immunosuppression in colon cancer by single-cell transcriptomics
Authors: Jian Gao, Zhigui Wu, Mingxia Zhao, Rui Zhang, Manru Li, Dongdong Sun, Haibo Cheng, Xianjia Qi, Yuxian Shen, Qiang Xu, Hongqi Chen, Dijun Chen, Yang Sun
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a malignant tumor worldwide consists of microsatellite instability (MSI) and stable (MSS) phenotypes. Although SHP2 is a hopeful target for cancer therapy, its relationship with innate immunosuppression remains elusive. To address that, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to explore the role of SHP2 in all cell types of tumor microenvironment (TME) from murine MC38 xenografts. Intratumoral cells were found to be functionally heterogeneous and responded significantly to SHP099, a SHP2 allosteric inhibitor. The malignant evolution of tumor cells was remarkably arrested by SHP099. Mechanistically, STING-TBK1-IRF3-mediated type I interferon signaling was highly activated by SHP099 in infiltrated myeloid cells. Notably, CRC patients with MSS phenotype exhibited greater macrophage infiltration and more potent SHP2 phosphorylation in CD68+ macrophages than MSI-high phenotypes, suggesting the potential role of macrophagic SHP2 in TME. Collectively, our data reveals a mechanism of innate immunosuppression mediated by SHP2, suggesting that SHP2 is a promising target for colon cancer immunotherapy.
Lithium preserves peritoneal membrane integrity by suppressing mesothelial cell αB-crystallin
Authors: Rebecca Herzog, Juan Manuel Sacnun, Guadalupe González-Mateo, Maria Bartosova, Katarzyna Bialas, Anja Wagner, Markus Unterwurzacher, Isabel J. Sobieszek, Lisa Daniel-Fischer, Krisztina Rusai, Lucía Pascual-Antón, Klaus Kaczirek, Andreas Vychytil, Claus Peter Schmitt, Manuel López-Cabrera, Seth L. Alper, Christoph Aufricht, Klaus Kratochwill
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Lithium added to peritoneal dialysis fluid protects mesothelial cells and attenuates peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis by reducing αB-crystallin.
An antioxidant system through conjugating superoxide dismutase onto metal-organic framework for cardiac repair
Authors: Jiacheng Guo, Zhenzhen Yang, Yongzheng Lu, Chunyan Du, Chang Cao, Bo Wang, Xiaoting Yue, Zenglei Zhang, Yanyan Xu, Zhen Qin, Tingting Huang, Wei Wang, Wei Jiang, Jinying Zhang, Junnan Tang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a dominant origin of morbidity, mortality and disability worldwide. Increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key contributor to excessive cardiac injury after AMI. Here we developed an immobilized enzyme with Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity cross-link with Zr-based metal-organic framework (ZrMOF) (SOD-ZrMOF) for mitigate ROS-caused injury. In vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that SOD-ZrMOF exhibits excellent biocompatibility. By efficiently scavenging ROS and suppressing oxidative stress, SOD-ZrMOF can protect the function of mitochondria, reduce cell death and alleviate inflammation. More excitingly, long-term study using an animal model of AMI demonstrated that SOD-ZrMOF can reduce the infarct area, protect cardiac function, promote angiogenesis and inhibit pathological myocardial remodeling. Therefore, SOD-ZrMOF holds great potential as an efficacious and safe nanomaterial treatment for AMI.
Setting the Stage for the Next 10 Years of Health Care Payment Innovation
Authors: Bob Kocher, Rahul Rajkumar
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Trends in Nonfatal and Fatal Overdoses Involving Benzodiazepines — 38 States and the District of Columbia, 2019–2020
Authors: Stephen Liu, Julie O’Donnell, R. Matt Gladden, Londell McGlone, Farnaz Chowdhury
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Nonfatal and fatal drug overdoses increased overall from 2019 to 2020 (1).*Illicit benzodiazepines (e.g., etizolam, flualprazolam, and flubromazolam) † were increasingly detected among postmortem and clinical samples in 2020, often with opioids, § and might have contributed to overall increases in drug overdoses.Availability of recent multistate trend data on nonfatal benzodiazepine-involved overdoses and involvement of illicit benzodiazepines in overdoses is limited.This data gap was addressed by analyzing annual and quarterly trends in suspected benzodiazepine-involved nonfatal overdoses ¶ treated in emergency departments (EDs) (benzodiazepine overdose ED visits) during January 2019-December 2020 (32 states and the District of Columbia [DC]) and benzodiazepineinvolved overdose deaths (benzodiazepine deaths), which include both illicit and prescription benzodiazepines, during January 2019-June 2020 (23 states) from CDC's Overdose Data to Action (OD2A) program.From 2019 to 2020, benzodiazepine overdose ED visits per 100,000 ED visits increased (23.7%), both with opioid involvement (34.4%) and without (21.0%).From April-June 2019 to April-June 2020, overall benzodiazepine deaths increased 42.9% (from 1,004 to 1,435), prescription benzodiazepine deaths increased 21.8% (from 921 to 1,122), and illicit benzodiazepine deaths increased 519.6% (from 51 to 316).During January-June 2020, most (92.7%)benzodiazepine deaths also involved opioids, mainly illicitly manufactured fentanyls (IMFs) (66.7%).Improving naloxone availability and enhancing treatment access for persons using benzodiazepines and opioids and calling emergency services for overdoses involving benzodiazepines and opioids, coupled with primary prevention of drug use and misuse, could reduce morbidity and mortality.* https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm† "Illicit benzodiazepines" refers to benzodiazepines that are not marketed in the United States for medical purposes; "prescription benzodiazepines" refers to those that are marketed as prescription drugs in the United States (but does not imply that the decedent had a prescription for that benzodiazepine; prescription benzodiazepines might be diverted).https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/Final_Etizolam.pdf;https://www.
25799 Efficacy and safety of ixekizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis with and without psoriatic arthritis at baseline: Results from UNCOVER studies through 5 years
Authors: Alice Gottlieb, Kurt de Vlam, Yan Wang, Kyoungah See, Rebecca Bolce, Eric Wolf, Russel Burge, Himanshu Patel, Joseph F. Merola
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
All in for nuclear PFKP–induced CXCR4 metastasis: a T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia prognostic marker
Authors: Hal E. Broxmeyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) is expressed in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), where its upregulation is linked with cancer progression. While PFK1 functions in the glycolysis pathway within the cytoplasm, it is also present in the nucleus where it regulates gene transcription. In this issue of the JCI, Xueliang Gao, Shenghui Qin, et al. focus their mechanism-based investigation on the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling aspect of the PFK1 platelet isoform, PFKP. Functional nuclear export and localization sequences stimulated CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression to promote T-ALL invasion that involved cyclin D3/CDK6, c-Myc, and importin-9. Since the presence of nuclear PFKP is associated with poor survival in T-ALL, nuclear PFKP-induced CXCR4 expression might serve as a prognostic marker for T-ALL. More promising, though, are the mechanistic insights suggesting that approaches to dampening metastatic migration may have application to benefit patients with T-ALL.
骨髄AT1とAT2はSDF-1α/CXCR4系を介して骨髄由来c-Kit - Sca-1 + Lin - 前駆細胞の動員を制御することにより血管修復を特異的に修飾する
Authors: Yokoi Hirokazu, Yamada Hiroyuki, Tsubakimoto Yoshinori, Takata Hiroki, Kawahito Hiroyuki, Hirai Hideyo, Imanishi Jiro, Ashihara Eishi, Maekawa Taira, Iwai Masaru, Horiuchi Masatsugu, Takahashi Tomosaburo, Okigaki Mitsuhiko, Matsubara Hiroaki
Journal: Circulation (2008)
COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics Among Close Contacts of Index Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Yang Ge, Leonardo Martinez, Shengzhi Sun, Zhiping Chen, Feng Zhang, Fangyu Li, Wanwan Sun, Enfu Chen, Jinren Pan, Changwei Li, Jimin Sun, Andreas Handel, Feng Ling, Ye Shen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Much remains unknown about the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. How the severity of the index case and timing of exposure is associated with disease in close contacts of index patients with COVID-19 and clinical presentation in those developing disease is not well elucidated.To investigate the association between the timing of exposure and development of disease among close contacts of index patients with COVID-19 and to evaluate whether the severity of the index case is associated with clinical presentation in close contacts who develop COVID-19.This study used a large, population-based cohort of 730 individuals (index patients) who received a diagnosis of COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province, China, from January 8 to July 30, 2020, along with a contact tracing surveillance program. Field workers visited 8852 close contacts of the index patients and evaluated them for COVID-19 through August 2020. A timeline was constructed to characterize different exposure periods between index patients and their contacts.The primary outcome was the attack rate of COVID-19, defined as the total number of new COVID-19 cases diagnosed among contacts of index patients divided by the total number of exposed contacts. A secondary outcome was asymptomatic clinical presentation among infected contacts. Relative risks were calculated to investigate risk factors for COVID-19 among contacts and asymptomatic clinical presentation among infected contacts.Among 8852 close contacts (4679 male contacts [52.9%]; median age, 41 years [interquartile range, 28-54 years]) of 730 index patients (374 male patients [51.2%]; median age, 46 years [interquartile range, 36-56 years]), contacts were at highest risk of COVID-19 if they were exposed between 2 days before and 3 days after the index patient's symptom onset, peaking at day 0 (adjusted relative risk [ARR], 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5). Compared with being exposed to an asymptomatic index patient, the risk of COVID-19 among contacts was higher when they were exposed to index patients with mild (ARR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.8-9.1) and moderate (ARR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.9-9.7) cases of COVID-19. As index case severity increased, infected contacts were less likely to be asymptomatic (exposed to patient with mild COVID-19: ARR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9; exposed to patient with moderate COVID-19: ARR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8).This cohort study found that individuals with COVID-19 were most infectious a few days before and after symptom onset. Infected contacts of asymptomatic index patients were less likely to present with COVID-19 symptoms, suggesting that quantity of exposure may be associated with clinical presentation in close contacts.
An Abscess Is Not a Descriptive Term but an Entity With a Universally Accepted Definition—A Clarification on Semantics
Authors: Dan Lipsker
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal