tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histamine receptors in the coronary circulation of the dog. Effects of mepyramine and metiamide on responses to histamine infusions.
Authors: R WGiles, GHeise, D EWilcken
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The effect of histamine on coronary blood flow (CBF) was studied in anaesthetized grayhounds. CBF and systemic blood pressure were measured using electromagnetic flow transducers and catheters in the aorta during infusions of drugs into the left circumflex coronary artery. Histamine infusions (5, 10, and 20 microng/min) produced dose-related increases in CBF without changing heart rate or blood pressure. Metiamide (100 microng/min) given simultaneously produced a parallel displacement of the histamine dose-response curve to the right (P less than 0.05) with a dose ratio of 2. Mepyramine (100 microng/min) produced a larger parallel displacement of the dose-response curve (dose ratio = 4). Together, metiamide and mepyramine greatly reduced the histamine response (dose ratio = 16), showing that the metiamide blockade is augmented in the presence of mepyramine. Similarly, mepyramine blockade is augmented in the presence of metiamide. The increase in CBF produced by histamine infusion (20 microng/min) was simi...
Outcomes Following a Mandatory Nonmedical Switch From Adalimumab Originator to Adalimumab Biosimilars in Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Nikolai Loft, Alexander Egeberg, Mads Kirchheiner Rasmussen, Lars Erik Bryld, Christoffer Valdemar Nissen, Tomas Norman Dam, Kawa Khaled Ajgeiy, Lars Iversen, Lone Skov
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2021)

The efficacy of adalimumab biosimilars is similar to that of brand-name adalimumab (Humira, hereinafter originator) in clinical trials. However, limited knowledge about real-world data exists for adalimumab biosimilars.To assess the outcomes following a mandatory nonmedical switch from adalimumab originator to adalimumab biosimilars in patients with psoriasis.This cohort study assesses the outcomes following a switch from adalimumab originator to an adalimumab biosimilar. Patients in the Biological Treatment in Danish Dermatology (DERMBIO) registry, a Danish nationwide registry of all patients treated with biologics (including biosimilars) for psoriasis since 2007, were assessed for eligibility. All patients who switched from adalimumab originator to an adalimumab biosimilar between November 1, 2018, and May 1, 2019, were included in the adalimumab biosimilar cohort. All patients with a visit between May 1, 2017, and November 1, 2017, treated with adalimumab originator were included in the adalimumab originator cohort. Data were analyzed from June 1, 2020, to October 10, 2021.Switch from adalimumab originator to an adalimumab biosimilar.The primary outcome was 1-year drug retention in patients switching to adalimumab biosimilars compared with patients treated with adalimumab originator. Crude and adjusted retention rates for the adalimumab biosimilar cohort were compared with the adalimumab originator cohort with Cox proportional hazards regression using robust variance.A total of 348 patients were included in the adalimumab biosimilar cohort (mean [SD] age, 52.2 [13.6] years; 251 [72.1%] male) and 378 patients in the adalimumab originator cohort (mean [SD] age, 51.1 [14.1] years; 272 [72.0%] male). The 1-year drug retention rates were 92.0% (95% CI, 89.0%-94.9%) for the adalimumab biosimilar cohort and 92.1% (95% CI, 89.4%-94.8%) for the adalimumab originator cohort. Similar hazard ratios were observed between the 2 cohorts. The crude hazard ratios were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.61-1.70; P = .94) for all causes of drug discontinuation, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.39-1.73; P = .60) for insufficient effect, and 1.41 (95% CI, 0.52-3.77; P = .50) for adverse events for the adalimumab biosimilar cohort when compared with the adalimumab originator cohort.In this cohort study from Denmark, a nonmedical switch from adalimumab originator to adalimumab biosimilars was not associated with drug retention.
Effects of bilateral and unilateral stellate stimulation on canine ventricular refractory periods at sites overlapping innervation.
Authors: C WHaws, M JBurgess
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

The efffects of unilateral right, unilateral left, and bilateral stellate stimulation on ventricular refractory periods at sites of overlapping cardiac sympathetic innervation were studied in 11 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. The stellates were stimulated with 10 Hz pulses 4 msec in duration with intensities strong enough to produce T wave changes in a vertical ECG lead and just below the intensity at which control of drive of the ventricle at a 400-msec cycle length was lost. Refractory periods shortened more with left stellate stimulation, 17.8 +/- 5.9 msec (mean +/- SD) than with right stellate stimulation, 10.3 +/- 5.1 msec, P less than 0.001. During bilateral stimulation, shortening of refractory periods was no greater whether stimulation was applied first to the left and then right stimulation was added, 19.7 +/- 6.9 msec, or the stimulation was applied first to the left and then right stimulation was added, 18.3 +/- 6.5 msec. The shortening of refractory periods with bilateral stellate stimulatio...
Passive smoking and heart disease. Epidemiology, physiology, and biochemistry.
Authors: S AGlantz, W WParmley
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The evidence that ETS increases risk of death from heart disease is similar to that which existed in 1986 when the US Surgeon General concluded that ETS caused lung cancer in healthy nonsmokers. There are 10 epidemiological studies, conducted in a variety of locations, that reflect about a 30% increase in risk of death from ischemic heart disease or myocardial infarction among nonsmokers living with smokers. The larger studies also demonstrate a significant dose-response effect, with greater exposure to ETS associated with greater risk of death from heart disease. These epidemiological studies are complemented by a variety of physiological and biochemical data that show that ETS adversely affects platelet function and damages arterial endothelium in a way that increases the risk of heart disease. Moreover, ETS, in realistic exposures, also exerts significant adverse effects on exercise capability of both healthy people and those with heart disease by reducing the body's ability to deliver and utilize oxyg...
The control of sugar uptake by metabolic demand in isolated adult rat heart cells.
Authors: R AHaworth, H ABerkoff
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

To investigate the control of sugar uptake by metabolic demand, we used isolated quiescent adult rat heart cells in suspension, under conditions similar to those found during anoxia. Metabolic demand was varied by exposing cells to rotenone plus various levels of p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Without glucose, the time taken for half of the cells to undergo contracture was inversely proportional to the metabolic demand as measured by the rate of lactate production. For any metabolic demand, the onset of contracture was preceded by a sudden drop in adenosine triphosphate. The permeability of contracted cells to glucose was investigated using 3-O-methylglucose. The rate of 3-O-methylglucose uptake by such cells was strongly dependent on the time taken for half the cells to undergo contracture, with low rates at low times to half contracture, and insulin-like rates at high times to half contracture. This suggests that the full induction of glucose transport by metabolic demand can be prematurely curtaile...
Accuracy of treadmill testing in assessment of direct myocardial revascularization.
Authors: D RMcConahay, MValdes, B DMcCallister, J ECrockett, R DConn, W AReed, D AKillen
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Near-maximal treadmill exercise tests (TET) performed at the time of coronary arteriography and bypass graft visualization an average of 13 months after direct myocardial revascularization were analyzed in 217 consecutive patients to assess the accuracy of the TET in predicting completeness of revascularization. TET results were correlated with bypass patency and extent of revascularization. Although conversion of a TET from an abnormal to a normal test or relief of TET-induced angina following surgery is closely correlated with bypass graft patency, the high incidence of normal exercise tests in the presence of residual coronary disease limits their usefulness in the individual postoperative patient in estimating the completeness of revascularization.
Association Between Topical Calcineurin Inhibitor Use and Risk of Cancer, Including Lymphoma, Keratinocyte Carcinoma, and Melanoma
Authors: Megan Lam, Jie Wei Zhu, Mina Tadrous, Aaron M. Drucker
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) are commonly used as second-line treatment for atopic dermatitis. In 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a black box warning against TCI use, citing data from case reports and animal studies indicating a potential risk of cancer. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the association between TCI use and risk of malignant neoplasms compared with nonactive and active comparator groups. <h3>Data Sources</h3> Electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase via Ovid, and Web of Science from database inception to August 21, 2020. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Observational studies investigating the association between treatment with TCIs (ie, tacrolimus and pimecrolimus) and the development of cancer with nonactive or active comparators were included. The population of interest was not limited to any specific disease state, age, or sex. All articles were assessed independently and in duplicate by 2 reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Of 2464 nonduplicate records retrieved from the search, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Data extraction was conducted independently by 2 reviewers according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to derive pooled relative risk (RR) estimates. Data were analyzed from July 25 to October 25, 2020. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Risk of cancer overall and risk of specific cancer types (lymphoma, melanoma, and keratinocyte carcinoma). <h3>Results</h3> Eight unique cohort studies (408 366 treated participants [55.1% female], 1 764 313 nonactive comparator controls, and 1 067 280 controls using topical corticosteroids) and 3 unique case-control studies (3898 cases [55.0% male] and 14 026 cancer-free controls [52.4% male]) were included. There was no association between TCI use and cancer overall compared with nonactive comparators (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.92-1.16). Lymphoma risk was elevated with TCI use with both nonactive (RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.39-2.49) and topical corticosteroid comparators (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13-1.61). No significant association was found between TCI use and increased skin cancer (melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest an association between TCI use and risk of lymphoma but not other cancers. Combined with the low absolute risk of lymphoma, the potential increased risk attributable to TCI use for any individual patient is likely very small.
Literacy and Misunderstanding Prescription Drug Labels
Authors: David Katz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters21 August 2007Literacy and Misunderstanding Prescription Drug LabelsDavid Katz, MDDavid Katz, MDFrom CommuniCare Health Centers, Davis, CA 95616.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-4-200708210-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I agree with Dr. Parker, who suggests putting the reason for prescribing a medication on the instruction label on the bottle. However, with the use of standardized, computer-generated instruction labels, I find that my own written instructions for the sig are usually reduced to the number and frequency of pills to take. We need to work with the retail pharmacy industry to make changes in their label-generating software, so that individualized instructions, such as “take 1 daily for high blood pressure,” end up on the label in the same wording that we use on the prescription.David ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From CommuniCare Health Centers, Davis, CA 95616.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoLiteracy and Misunderstanding Prescription Drug Labels Terry C. Davis , Michael S. Wolf , Pat F. Bass III , Jason A. Thompson , Hugh H. Tilson , Marolee Neuberger , and Ruth M. Parker Literacy and Misunderstanding Prescription Drug Labels Ali Jawaid Literacy and Misunderstanding Prescription Drug Labels Munsey S. Wheby Literacy and Misunderstanding Prescription Drug Labels Christopher T. Parker Metrics 21 August 2007Volume 147, Issue 4Page: 281KeywordsComputersConflicts of interestDrugsLiteracyPrimary hypertension ePublished: 21 August 2007 Issue Published: 21 August 2007 CopyrightCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Regional ischemic 'preconditioning' protects remote virgin myocardium from subsequent sustained coronary occlusion.
Authors: KPrzyklenk, BBauer, MOvize, R AKloner, PWhittaker
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDOne or more brief episodes of coronary artery occlusion protect or precondition the myocardium perfused by that artery from a subsequent episode of sustained ischemia. We sought to determine whether ischemic preconditioning protects only those myocytes subjected to brief coronary occlusion or whether brief occlusions in one vascular bed also limit infarct size and/or attenuate contractile dysfunction in remote virgin myocardium subjected to subsequent sustained coronary occlusion.METHODS AND RESULTSIn the preliminary limb of the study, six anesthetized dogs underwent four episodes of 5-minute circumflex branch occlusion plus 5-minute reperfusion, followed by 1 hour of sustained left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and 4.5 hours of reflow. Subendocardial blood flow during left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (measured by injection of radiolabeled microspheres) was 0.07 +/- 0.03 mL.min-1 x g tissue-1, similar to the value of 0.07 +/- 0.02 mL.min-1 x g-1 observed in a ...
Cardiorenal actions of neutral endopeptidase inhibition in experimental congestive heart failure.
Authors: P GCavero, K BMargulies, JWinaver, A ASeymour, N GDelaney, J CBurnett
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The present studies were designed to determine the action of neutral endopeptidase inhibition (NEP-I), an inhibitor of the degradation of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), in congestive heart failure (CHF). Studies were conducted in two groups of anesthetized dogs with CHF induced by 8 days of rapid right ventricular pacing. Group 1 (n = 5) received a specific NEP-I (SQ 28,603) at two doses administered sequentially -30 mg/kg followed by a 60 mg/kg i.v. bolus. Group 2 (n = 5) received intravenous infusion of exogenous ANF (100 ng/kg/min) to achieve increases in plasma ANF concentration as observed in group 1. NEP-I resulted in a diuresis and natriuresis (p less than 0.05) with increases in the fractional excretion of sodium and fractional excretion of lithium, the latter a marker for proximal tubule sodium delivery. Such tubular actions occurred in the absence of increases in glomerular filtration rate or renal blood flow but were associated with significant increases in urinary ANF and urinary cyclic GMP....
Reperfusion and readmission of oxygen. Pathophysiological relevance of oxygen-derived free radicals to arrhythmogenesis.
Authors: MYamada, D JHearse, M JCurtis
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We have examined the pathophysiological role of readmission of oxygen (and hence production of oxygen-derived free radicals) in the initiation of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias by separating, on a temporal basis, readmission flow from readmission of oxygen. Isolated rat hearts (n = 12/group) were subjected to 10 minutes of regional ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion. In controls reperfused with oxygenated solution (Po2 greater than 600 mm Hg), 92% of hearts developed ventricular fibrillation (VF) during the first 20 seconds of reperfusion, whereas in hearts reperfused with hypoxic solution (Po2 9.3-12.2 mm Hg), the incidence of VF was only 17% (p less than 0.05). Subsequent readmission of control solution (Po2 greater than 600 mm Hg) to the latter group led, within 20 seconds, to the appearance of VF in seven of the 10 hearts (70%) that had not previously fibrillated. To examine whether hypoxic reperfusion had prevented VF or merely delayed its onset, the studies were repeated in separate groups of h...
Reduction of infarct size with intracoronary perfluorochemical in a canine preparation of reperfusion.
Authors: M BForman, SBingham, H AKopelman, CWehr, M PSandler, FKolodgie, W KVaughn, G CFriesinger, RVirmani
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The effect of low-dose (15 ml/kg) intracoronary perfluorochemical (Fluosol-DA) on infarct size, regional myocardial blood flow, and ventricular function was studied in 20 anesthetized closed-chest dogs subjected to 11/2 hr of proximal left anterior descending occlusion. In this preparation reperfusion was simulated with fibrinolytic therapy. The animals were randomly assigned one of two treatment groups and given 15 ml/kg of either oxygenated intracoronary perfluorochemical (n = 9) or saline (n = 11). Contrast ventriculograms were obtained at baseline, 1 hr after occlusion, and at 24 hr after reperfusion and were analyzed with a radial fractional shortening method. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. At 24 hr the area at risk was defined in vivo with monastryl blue staining and the area of necrosis was estimated after incubation of left ventricular slices with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. No significant changes were noted in heart rate, blood pressure, pulmonary ca...
The EndoResect study: endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric subepithelial tumors
Authors: Z. Qin, E. Linghu
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

We read with great interest the article by Schlag et al. [1], who evaluated the feasibility of endoscopic resection of small gastric subepithelial tumors using a grasp-and-snare technique followed by over-the-scope clip (OTSC) closure of the gastric wall. Their finding that endoscopic snare resection enables safe treatment of small subepithelial tumors (diameter ≤ 3 cm) and that the OTSC system may be potentially useful as a new closure method of smaller leaks in the clinical settings is promising.
Hypoxia enhances isoproterenol-induced increase in heart interstitial adenosine, depressing beta-adrenergic contractile responses.
Authors: R AFenton, J GDobson
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Endogenous interstitial adenosine may protect the hypoxic heart by attenuating beta-adrenergic-induced contractile and metabolic responses, thereby reducing energy utilization. Constant-flow perfused rat hearts were used to study: 1) the effect of hypoxia on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced increase in interstitial adenosine, as estimated with epicardial surface transudates, and 2) the role of endogenous adenosine in hypoxic depression of ISO-induced contractile responses. ISO (1 nM for 10 minutes) in the normoxic heart increased transudate adenosine 114% from a pre-ISO normoxic value of 343 pmol/ml. ISO administered to the hypoxic heart increased transudate adenosine 357% from a pre-ISO hypoxic value of 797 pmol/ml. The absolute magnitude of the ISO-induced increase in transudate adenosine was 625% greater during hypoxia than during normoxia. This was associated with a reduction in the ISO-induced contractile response during hypoxia. In other experiments, with normoxia ISO (10 nM for 10 seconds) increased dev...
Effect of hydralazine on perfusion and metabolism in the leg during upright bicycle exercise in patients with heart failure.
Authors: J RWilson, J LMartin, NFerraro, K TWeber
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The aerobic exercise capacity of patients with chronic heart failure is frequently impaired because of inadequate O2 transport to working skeletal muscle. To determine whether hydralazine improves O2 transport to working muscle, we examined the effect of intravenous hydralazine on blood flow (measured by thermodilution) and metabolism in the leg during maximal upright bicycle exercise in 10 patients with chronic heart failure. Hydralazine increased maximal exercise cardiac output (5.6 +/- 0.7 to 6.7 +/- 0.6 l/min; p less than .01) and decreased systemic O2 extraction (79 +/- 3% to 65 +/- 2%; p less than .01) but did not alter maximal O2 uptake (787 +/- 105 vs 779 +/- 82 ml/min). Leg blood flow at maximal exercise increased from 1.6 +/- 0.2 to 2.1 +/- 0.4 l/min (p less than .03); the proportion of cardiac output delivered to the leg remained unchanged (59 +/- 3% vs 57 +/- 9%). This increase in flow was associated with a decrease in O2 extraction in the leg (84 +/- 2% to 79 +/- 2%; p less than .01) and no c...
Cardiovascular effects of verapamil in patients with essential hypertension.
Authors: R ESchmieder, F HMesserli, G EGaravaglia, B DNunez
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The cardiovascular effects of intravenous verapamil and 3 months of oral administration of a slow-release form of verapamil (verapamil-SR) were studied in 10 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Intravenous verapamil reduced arterial pressure by 15% (p less than .01) through a fall in total peripheral resistance of 29% (p less than .01); provoked a reflexive rise in heart rate (by 19%, p less than .02), cardiac output (by 74%, p less than .01), and plasma catecholamines; and shifted intravascular volume toward the cardiopulmonary circulation indicating peripheral venoconstriction. Quite in contrast to the immediate effects of the intravenous drug, oral therapy with verapamil-SR for 2 to 3 months lowered arterial pressure effectively (by 15%, p less than .01) by inducing vasodilation of 15% (p less than .02), but without causing reflex tachycardia, activation of the sympathetic-adrenergic or renin-angiotensin systems, or volume expansion. Oral therapy with verapamil-SR preserved systemic ...
Late sudden death after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a clinicopathologic study.
Authors: J EDeanfield, S YHo, R HAnderson, W JMcKenna, S PAllwork, K AHallidie-Smith
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Retrospective analysis was performed to determine the likely cause of death in six patients who died suddenly 1-9 years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The integrity of the atrioventricular conduction system and myocardium was examined in three hearts at necropsy. Two of three patients who complained of palpitation or syncope had frequent premature ventricular complexes on routine ECGs. All the patients had complete right bundle branch block and one had left-axis deviation after repair. Postoperative cardiac catheterization (four patients) showed no residual ventricular septal defects, but right ventricular pressure was elevated in all. At necropsy, the atrioventricular conduction tissue was related to the margin of perimembranous ventricular septal defect in two patients, but was well posterior in one patient with an infundibular muscular defect. Histologic examination showed that in all cases the atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle and left bundle branch were undamaged. There was, howeve...