tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Posaconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive aspergillosis: a phase 3, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Johan A Maertens, Galia Rahav, Dong-Gun Lee, Alfredo Ponce-de-León, Isabel Cristina Ramírez Sánchez, Nikolay Klimko, Anne Sonet, Shariq Haider, Juan Diego Vélez, Issam Raad, Liang-Piu Koh, Meinolf Karthaus, Jianying Zhou, Ronen Ben-Ami, Mary R Motyl, Seongah Han, Anjana Grandhi, Hetty Waskin
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
Variation in SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks across sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Benjamin L. Rice, Akshaya Annapragada, Rachel E. Baker, Marjolein Bruijning, Winfred Dotse-Gborgbortsi, Keitly Mensah, Ian F. Miller, Nkengafac Villyen Motaze, Antso Raherinandrasana, Malavika Rajeev, Julio Rakotonirina, Tanjona Ramiadantsoa, Fidisoa Rasambainarivo, Weiyu Yu, Bryan T. Grenfell, Andrew J. Tatem, C. Jessica E. Metcalf
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)

A surprising feature of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to date is the low burdens reported in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries relative to other global regions. Potential explanations (for example, warmer environments1, younger populations2–4) have yet to be framed within a comprehensive analysis. We synthesized factors hypothesized to drive the pace and burden of this pandemic in SSA during the period from 25 February to 20 December 2020, encompassing demographic, comorbidity, climatic, healthcare capacity, intervention efforts and human mobility dimensions. Large diversity in the probable drivers indicates a need for caution in interpreting analyses that aggregate data across low- and middle-income settings. Our simulation shows that climatic variation between SSA population centers has little effect on early outbreak trajectories; however, heterogeneity in connectivity, although rarely considered, is likely an important contributor to variance in the pace of viral spread across SSA. Our synthesis points to the potential benefits of context-specific adaptation of surveillance systems during the ongoing pandemic. In particular, characterizing patterns of severity over age will be a priority in settings with high comorbidity burdens and poor access to care. Understanding the spatial extent of outbreaks warrants emphasis in settings where low connectivity could drive prolonged, asynchronous outbreaks resulting in extended stress to health systems. New analysis tracking the course of the COVID-19 epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa shows high country-to-country variation in disease and mortality burdens, as well as demonstrating a minimal role for climate in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 when compared with other factors, such as human mobility.
Validation of the Lyon classification for GORD diagnosis: acid exposure time assessed by prolonged wireless pH monitoring in healthy controls and patients with erosive oesophagitis
Authors: Radu-Ionut Rusu, Mark R Fox, Emily Tucker, Sebastian Zeki, Jason M Dunn, Jafar Jafari, Fiona Warburton, Terry Wong
Journal: Gut (2021)

Acid exposure time (AET) from ambulatory pH studies and reflux oesophagitis are independent measurements used by the Lyon classification to diagnose GORD. This study aimed to validate AET reference ranges and diagnostic thresholds by analysis of 96-hour wireless pH studies from healthy, asymptomatic controls (HCs) and patients with and without oesophagitis.HC and consecutive patients referred for wireless pH studies (off acid suppressants for >7 days) underwent 96-hour pH studies at two tertiary referral centres. Erosive oesophagitis was categorised by the Los Angeles (LA) classification. Linear regression and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis were performed to define optimal diagnostic cut-offs.Prolonged, 96-hour pH studies were completed in 39 HCs (age 28 (18-53) years, 72% female) and 944 patients (age 46 (16-85) years, 65% female), of whom 136 (14.5%) had reflux oesophagitis. Median AET in HC was 1.3% (upper 95th percentile 4.6%) for any study day and 2.6% (upper 95th percentile 6.9%) for the worst day (24-hour period) during the study. ROC analysis for average AET differentiated HC from patients with moderate-to-severe oesophagitis (LA BCD; sensitivity 87%, specificity 95%, positive predictive value (PPV) 59%, negative predictive value 99% for a cut-off AET of 4.3%; area under the receiver operating curve 0.95). Specificity was higher, but PPV was substantially lower for severe oesophagitis (LA CD). 'Worst-day' analysis provided similar results; however, day-to-day variability was high.Diagnostic thresholds for average AET were identified that accurately discriminate between HCs and patients with erosive oesophagitis. The findings provide conditional support for diagnostic criteria for GORD proposed by the Lyon Consensus.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Liver cancer remains a global health challenge, with an estimated incidence of >1 million cases by 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and accounts for ~90% of cases. Infection by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the main risk factors for HCC development, although non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus is becoming a more frequent risk factor in the West. Moreover, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated HCC has a unique molecular pathogenesis. Approximately 25% of all HCCs present with potentially actionable mutations, which are yet to be translated into the clinical practice. Diagnosis based upon non-invasive criteria is currently challenged by the need for molecular information that requires tissue or liquid biopsies. The current major advancements have impacted the management of patients with advanced HCC. Six systemic therapies have been approved based on phase III trials (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib and ramucirumab) and three additional therapies have obtained accelerated FDA approval owing to evidence of efficacy. New trials are exploring combination therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors or anti-VEGF therapies, or even combinations of two immunotherapy regimens. The outcomes of these trials are expected to change the landscape of HCC management at all evolutionary stages.
Survival After Islet Transplantation in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes: Twenty-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Joana R.N. Lemos, David A. Baidal, Camillo Ricordi, Virginia Fuenmayor, Ana Alvarez, Rodolfo Alejandro
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with premature mortality due to acute and chronic diabetes-related complications (1). Severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs) and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia are significant contributors to the increased morbidity and mortality. Islet transplantation (ITx) has been shown to provide near-normalization of glycemic control, restoration of hypoglycemia awareness, prevention of SHEs, and improved quality of life in a select group of patients with T1D (2).

To analyze overall survival in ITx-alone recipients, we retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 49 T1D subjects who underwent ITx and were followed during 2000–2020. Subjects received ITx in the liver via intrahepatic infusion ( n = 46) or on the omentum via laparoscopic approach ( n = 3). Major inclusion criteria included age 18 to 65 years, T1D duration >5 years, impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, marked glycemic lability, and history of SHEs in the prior 12 months (2).

Subjects who did not present the outcome were censored at last encounter. Deaths were reported through contact with family. The study cohort comprised 29 females (59.2%) and 20 males (40.8%). Person-years of follow-up was 610.1, and time after ITx was median (25th–75th) 13.8 (8.2–17.7) years. Median year (minimum–maximum) of T1D diagnosis was 1970 (1955–2001), with 77.6% ( n = 38) diagnosed in 1965 or later. Age at T1D diagnosis was median (25th–75th) 13.2 (6.7–20.0) …
Abstract 15157: Coronary Plaque Component in Patients with Vasospastic Angina: A Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound Study
Authors: Kenichi Tsujita, Kenji Sakamoto, Sunao Kojima, Shinobu Kojima, Yasuhiro Nagayoshi, Tomohiro Sakamoto, Shinji Tayama, Koichi Kaikita, Seiji Hokimoto, Hitoshi Sumida, Seigo Sugiyama, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Coronary spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease. However, tissue components of coronary plaque in patients with vasospastic angina (VSA) have yet to...
Eicosapentaenoic Acid Enhances Protein Expression Linked to Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation and Bioavailability in Contrast to Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids
Authors: Samuel C.R. Sherratt, Hazem Dawoud, Deepak L. Bhatt, Tadeusz Malinski, R. Preston Mason
Journal: Metabolism (2021)
Side effects of Immune Therapy using a Combination of ATG-MMF-Tacrolimus for Beta cellTransplantation in Non-Uremic Type 1 Diabetic Patients: 'Beta-cell Replacement - Do Patients benefit?'
Authors: P Gillard, Chantal Mathieu, L. Crenier, W Engelen, Zhidong Ling, Daniel Pipeleers, Bart Keymeulen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)
Attitudes Among Faculty Members and Trainees About the Effects of Telemedicine on Clinical Education During COVID-19
Authors: Patrick Gleeson, Di Sun, Jennifer Heimall, Olajumoke Fadugba
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

Telemedicine utilization has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, telemedicine's impact on the clinical learning environment is not well-studied. A survey was developed to assess attitudes about telemedicine's effect on clinical education. The survey was distributed to faculty and trainees in clinical training programs at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP), and to Allergy & Immunology (A&I) training programs nationwide. 127 responses were recorded. Nearly all respondents indicated that they were participating in telemedicine. Overall, a majority (76%) of respondents reported experiencing logistical or technical difficulties with the implementation of telemedicine within their departments, which was frequently identified as either delays in setting up the telemedicine software or with patients having difficulty using the software. In comparing telemedicine to in-person visits for educational purposes, responses were mixed, with overall 37/112 (33%) respondents reporting that telemedicine was as effective as, or more effective than, in-person visits. Interestingly, on this question, A&I fellows and faculty members had discordant responses, with 9/17 (53%) of fellows and 11/34 (32%) of faculty members rating telemedicine noninferior to in-person visits. Predictably, telemedicine compared least favorably to traditional clinical encounters for teaching or learning about physical exam findings. This survey recorded attitudes about several aspects of telemedicine, including implementation and perceived educational value compared to traditional clinical care. As telemedicine is now a fixture in clinical medicine, research must continue to identify strengths and weaknesses of telemedicine in delivering educational objectives in academic settings.
Khat (Catha edulis) Exacerbate Insulin Resistance in A High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mohammed A. Alshawsh, Abdulsamad Alsalahi, Zahurin Mohamed, Nelli Giribabu, Zamri Chik
Journal: Metabolism (2021)
Association of Summer College Academic Enrichment Program Participation With Medical Student Diversity and Intent to Practice in Underserved Areas
Authors: Douglas Grbic, Norma Poll-Hunter, Natalie Felida, Dorothy A. Andriole
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Summer Medical and Dental EducationProgram; URM, race/ethnicity underrepresented in medicine, including those who identify as American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander, Black, African American, Hispanic, Latino or of Spanish origin alone or in combination with any other race/ethnicity.a Percentages within row; totals may not add to 100% owing to rounding
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A Quantitative Nosology Based on Consensus of Evidence
Authors: Roman Kotov, Robert F. Krueger, David Watson, David C. Cicero, Christopher C. Conway, Colin G. DeYoung, Nicholas R. Eaton, Miriam K. Forbes, Michael N. Hallquist, Robert D. Latzman, Stephanie N. Mullins-Sweatt, Camilo J. Ruggero, Leonard J. Simms, Irwin D. Waldman, Monika A. Waszczuk, Aidan G.C. Wright
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2021)

Traditional diagnostic systems went beyond empirical evidence on the structure of mental health. Consequently, these diagnoses do not depict psychopathology accurately, and their validity in research and utility in clinicalpractice are therefore limited. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium proposed a model based on structural evidence. It addresses problems of diagnostic heterogeneity, comorbidity, and unreliability. We review the HiTOP model, supporting evidence, and conceptualization of psychopathology in this hierarchical dimensional framework. The system is not yet comprehensive, and we describe the processes for improving and expanding it. We summarize data on the ability of HiTOP to predict and explain etiology (genetic, environmental, and neurobiological), risk factors, outcomes, and treatment response. We describe progress in the development of HiTOP-based measures and in clinical implementation of the system. Finally, we review outstanding challenges and the research agenda. HiTOP is of practical utility already, and its ongoing development will produce a transformative map of psychopathology.
Descriptive study of Anaphylaxis reactions induced by drugs in a referral hospital
Authors: Natalia Blanca-López, Ana MarÃa Prieto-Moreno Pfeifer, Diana Perez Alzate, Isabel Torres Rojas, Maria Luisa Somoza Alvarez, Elisa Haroun-Diaz, Francisco Javier Ruano Pérez, Maria Vazquez de La Torre, Paula Lopez Gonzalez, Maria Desamparados Cervera, Maria Gabriela Canto Diez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Urinary Single-Cell Profiling Captures the Cellular Diversity of the Kidney
Authors: Amin Abedini, Yuan O. Zhu, Shatakshee Chatterjee, Gabor Halasz, Kishor Devalaraja-Narashimha, Rojesh Shrestha, Michael S. Balzer, Jihwan Park, Tong Zhou, Ziyuan Ma, Katie Marie Sullivan, Hailong Hu, Xin Sheng, Hongbo Liu, Yi Wei, Carine M. Boustany-Kari, Uptal Patel, Salem Almaani, Matthew Palmer, Raymond Townsend, Shira Blady, Jonathan Hogan, Lori Morton, Katalin Susztak
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Microscopic analysis of urine sediment is probably the most commonly used diagnostic procedure in nephrology. The urinary cells, however, have not yet undergone careful unbiased characterization.
Retinoic Acid Receptor–Related Orphan Nuclear Receptor γt Licenses the Differentiation and Function of a Unique Subset of Follicular Helper T Cells in Response to Immunogenic Self‐DNA in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Zhenke Wen, Lin Xu, Wei Xu, Sidong Xiong
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2021)

Accumulating studies have identified self-DNA as driving IgG anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) in lupus, though the underpinning mechanisms of this process remain largely undefined. Here, we explored the activity of transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) in the differentiation and function of self-DNA-specific follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in lupus.B6, TCRα-/- , CD4-/- , RORγtfl/fl CD4Cre, RORγt+/+ CD4Cre, Bcl-6fl/fl CD4Cre, Bcl-6+/+ CD4Cre, IL-17-/- , and ICOS-/- mice were immunized with normal self-DNA, immunogenic self-DNA, and pathogen DNA to induce the production of Tfh cells and IgG anti-dsDNA. Tfh cells with or without interleukin-17 (IL-17) were evaluated for their role in supporting the generation of IgG. NSG mice were reconstituted with immune cells and circulating DNA from human subjects for translational studies. IL-17-positive Tfh cells were analyzed for their correlation with IgG anti-dsDNA levels as well as their response to circulating self-DNA in lupus patients.Unlike normal self-DNA, immunogenic self-DNA and pathogen DNA efficiently induced IgG responses. Immunogenic self-DNA induced IgG in a CD4+ T cell-dependent manner, which was abrogated by RORγt deficiency. In contrast, RORγt was not required for the generation of pathogen DNA-induced IgG. Further analyses identified RORγt as essential for the differentiation and function of Tfh cells in response to immunogenic self-DNA, assigning IL-17 as a feature cytokine. These IL-17-positive Tfh cells functioned independent of inducible costimulator (ICOS), critically supporting IgG generation. Targeting immunogenic self-DNA-specific Tfh cells by RORγ knockdown and IL-17 blockade ameliorated IgG response and lupus nephritis in a humanized mouse model. The presence of IL-17-positive Tfh cells was associated with IgG anti-dsDNA levels and were expanded by circulating immunogenic self-DNA in lupus patients.Immunogenic self-DNA instructs ICOS-dispensable IL-17-positive Tfh cells via RORγt to produce an IgG anti-dsDNA response. As such, IL-17-positive Tfh cells are a promising therapeutic target for lupus patients.
Long-term virological outcomes in women who started option B+ care during pregnancy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a cohort study
Authors: Goodluck W Lyatuu, Shally Z Mwashemele, Roseline Urrio, Helga Naburi, Nassir Kashmir, Lameck Machumi, Ayoub Kibao, Ziada Sellah, Nzovu Ulenga, Nicola Orsini, Gunnel Biberfeld, Charles Kilewo, Anna Mia Ekström
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2021)
Favorable effect of endoscopic reassessment of clinically staged T2 esophageal adenocarcinoma: a multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Steffi E. M. van de Ven, Manon C. W. Spaander, Roos E. Pouw, Thjon J. Tang, Martin H. M. G. Houben, Erik J. Schoon, Pieter J. F. de Jonge, Marco J. Bruno, Arjun D. Koch
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Abstract Background Clinical tumor stage of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is determined by endoscopic ultrasound and/or computed tomography scan, which have low accuracy for stages T1 and T2, potentially leading to overtreatment. We aimed to assess the proportion of cT2 EACs downstaged to cT1 after endoscopic reassessment (ERA) by an experienced interventional endoscopist. Methods We performed a prospective multicenter cohort study. Patients with cT2N0M0 EAC were included and underwent ERA. The primary outcome was proportion of cT2 EACs downstaged to cT1 after ERA. Results 15/25 included patients (60 %) were downstaged from cT2 to cT1 EAC after ERA and underwent attempted endoscopic resection. Endoscopic resection was aborted in 3/15 patients because of tumor invasion into the muscle layer; all three underwent successful surgical resection. Endoscopic resection was successful in 12/15 patients (80 %), all of whom had pT1 tumors. Overall, 10/25 (40 %) were treated with endoscopic resection alone. Conclusions ERA downstaged about half of the cT2 tumors to cT1, rendering them suitable for endoscopic resection. ERA had substantial clinical impact on therapeutic management, preventing overtreatment in 40 % of patients.
Transdermal oestradiol for androgen suppression in prostate cancer: long-term cardiovascular outcomes from the randomised Prostate Adenocarcinoma Transcutaneous Hormone (PATCH) trial programme
Authors: Ruth E Langley, Duncan C Gilbert, Trinh Duong, Noel W Clarke, Matthew Nankivell, Stuart D Rosen, Stephen Mangar, Archie Macnair, Subramanian Kanaga Sundaram, Marc E Laniado, Sanjay Dixit, Sanjeev Madaan, Caroline Manetta, Alvan Pope, Christopher D Scrase, Stephen Mckay, Iqtedar A Muazzam, Gerald N Collins, Jane Worlding, Simon T Williams, Edgar Paez, Angus Robinson, Jonathan McFarlane, John V Deighan, John Marshall, Silvia Forcat, Melanie Weiss, Roger Kockelbergh, Abdulla Alhasso, Howard Kynaston, Mahesh Parmar
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
FUNCTIONAL CURE OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B IS ASSOCIATED WITH CO-OCCURRENCE OF HBsAg/ANTI-HBS IMMUNE COMPLEXES WITH ALT FLARES, AND SEROCONVERSION TO NEUTRALISING ANTI-HBS
Authors: Hui Xu, Stephen Locarnini, Darren Wong, Renae Walsh, Sally Soppe, Danni Coledge, Rachel Hammond, Alexander Thompson, Peter Revill, Patrick Marcellin, Anuj Gagger, Nadia Warner
Journal: Hepatology (2020)
Abstract 14916: Symptom Presentation in Women With Ischemia and Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (INOCA): Are Their Symptoms Truly Atypical?
Authors: Yasmeen Taha, Ahmad Mahmoud, Qian Li, Ruxandra I Sava, R David Anderson, Eileen M Handberg, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Carl J Pepine
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Cardiac ischemia in women is often believed to present with less typical cardiac symptoms. However, the description and classification of symptoms in patients presenting with ischemia...
Alcohol Consumption and Incident Cataract Surgery in Two Large UK Cohorts
Authors: Sharon Y.L. Chua, Robert N. Luben, Shabina Hayat, David C. Broadway, Kay-Tee Khaw, Alasdair Warwick, Abigail Britten, Alexander C. Day, Nicholas Strouthidis, Praveen J. Patel, Peng T. Khaw, Paul J. Foster, Anthony P. Khawaja
Journal: Ophthalmology (2021)
Safety and efficacy of asciminib treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia patients in real-life clinical practice
Authors: Valentín Garcia-Gutiérrez, Alejandro Luna, Juan M. Alonso-Dominguez, Natalia Estrada, Concepcion Boque, Blanca Xicoy, Pilar Giraldo, Anna Angona, Alberto Alvarez-Larrán, Fermin Sanchez-Guijo, María José Ramírez, Elvira Mora, Patricia Vélez, Ana Rosell, Mercedes Colorado Araujo, Beatriz Cuevas, Miguel Sagüés, Montserrat Cortes, Manuel Perez Encinas, Luis Felipe Casado Montero, Melania Moreno Vega, Luis Serrano, Valle Gomez, Carmen Garcia-Hernandez, Sunil Lakhwani, Antonio Paz Coll, Raquel de Paz, Sara Suarez-Varela, Andrés Fernandez-Ruiz, Raul Perez Lopez, Almudena Ortiz-Fernández, Antonio Jiménez-Velasco, Juan Luis Steegmann-Olmedillas, Juan Carlos Hernández-Boluda
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2021)