tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Provision of COVID-19 Vaccination in Dialysis Clinics and Patient Vaccination Coverage
Authors: Priti R. Patel, Lauren J. Tanz, Emel Hamilton, Katie Swanzy, Jeffrey L. Hymes, Jeff Giullian, Shannon A. Novosad
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Assessment of Provision of COVID-19 Vaccination in Dialysis Clinics and Patient Vaccination CoverageFor patients who undergo maintenance dialysis, COVID-19 is associated with increased risk for severe illness and death. 1-3 However, this population was not specifically recommended to be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination. 4On March 25, 2021, a federal effort was announced to offer COVID-19 vaccinations in dialysis clinics as part of the COVID-19 Health Equity Plan. 5 Two national dialysis care organizations-DaVita Inc and Fresenius Medical Care-partnered with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide COVID-19 vaccination in their clinics and coordinate vaccine distribution to other dialysis organizations.We evaluated COVID-19 vaccination in dialysis clinics, vaccination coverage, and disparities from December 1, 2020, to June 13, 2021.
Inhibition of BTK and PI3Kδ impairs the development of human JMML stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Baskar Ramdas, Lisa Deng Yuen, Lakshmi Reddy Palam, Roshini Patel, Santhosh Kumar Pasupuleti, Victoria Jideonwo, Ji Zhang, Callista Maguire, Eric Wong, Rahul Kanumuri, Chujing Zhang, George Sandusky, Rebecca J. Chan, Chi Zhang, Elliot Stieglitz, Laura Haneline, Reuben Kapur
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2022)

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is an aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasia that lacks effective targeted chemotherapies. Clinically, JMML manifests as monocytic leukocytosis, splenomegaly with consequential thrombocytopenia. Most commonly, patients have gain-of-function (GOF) oncogenic mutations in PTPN11 (SHP2), leading to Erk and Akt hyperactivation. Mechanism(s) involved in co-regulation of Erk and Akt in the context of GOF SHP2 are poorly understood. Here, we show that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is hyperphosphorylated in GOF Shp2-bearing cells and utilizes B cell adaptor for PI3K to cooperate with p110δ, the catalytic subunit of PI3K. Dual inhibition of BTK and p110δ reduces the activation of both Erk and Akt. In vivo, individual targeting of BTK or p110δ in a mouse model of human JMML equally reduces monocytosis and splenomegaly; however, the combined treatment results in a more robust inhibition and uniquely rescues anemia and thrombocytopenia. RNA-seq analysis of drug-treated mice showed a profound reduction in the expression of genes associated with leukemic cell migration and inflammation, leading to correction in the infiltration of leukemic cells in the lung, liver, and spleen. Remarkably, in a patient derived xenograft model of JMML, leukemia-initiating stem and progenitor cells were potently inhibited in response to the dual drug treatment.
The ERK2 DBP domain opposes pathogenesis of a JAK2V617F-driven myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Yong Zhang, Billy Truong, Shawn P Fahl, Esteban Martinez, Kathy Cai, Essel Dulaimi, Yulan Gong, Dan A. Liebermann, Jonathan Soboloff, Roland Dunbrack, Ross L. Levine, Steven Fletcher, Dietmar J. Kappes, Stephen Sykes, Paul Shapiro, David L Wiest
Journal: Blood (2022)
Leveraging Medicare to Advance Health Equity
Authors: Meena Seshamani, Douglas B. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interleukin‐13 Receptor α1–Mediated Signaling Regulates <scp>Age‐Associated</scp>/Autoimmune B Cell Expansion and Lupus Pathogenesis
Authors: Zhu Chen, Danny Flores Castro, Sanjay Gupta, Swati Phalke, Michela Manni, Juan Rivera‐Correa, Rolf Jessberger, Habib Zaghouani, Eugenia Giannopoulou, Tania Pannellini, Alessandra B. Pernis
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Objective Age‐associated/autoimmune B cells (ABCs) are an emerging B cell subset with aberrant expansion in systemic lupus erythematosus. ABC generation and differentiation exhibit marked sexual dimorphism, and Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR‐7) engagement is a key contributor to these sex differences. ABC generation is also controlled by interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) and its interplay with interferon‐γ and IL‐4. This study was undertaken to investigate whether IL‐13 receptor α1 (IL‐13Rα1), an X‐linked receptor that transmits IL‐4/IL‐13 signals, regulates ABCs and lupus pathogenesis. Methods Mice lacking DEF‐6 and switch‐associated protein 70 (double‐knockout [DKO]), which preferentially develop lupus in females, were crossed with IL‐13Rα1–knockout mice. IL‐13Rα1–knockout male mice were also crossed with Y chromosome autoimmune accelerator (Yaa) DKO mice, which overexpress TLR‐7 and develop severe disease. ABCs were assessed using flow cytometry and RNA‐Seq. Lupus pathogenesis was evaluated using serologic and histologic analyses. Results ABCs expressed higher levels of IL‐13Rα1 than follicular B cells. The absence of IL‐13Rα1 in either DKO female mice or Yaa DKO male mice decreased the accumulation of ABCs, the differentiation of ABCs into plasmablasts, and autoantibody production. Lack of IL‐13Rα1 also prolonged survival and delayed the development of tissue inflammation. IL‐13Rα1 deficiency diminished in vitro generation of ABCs, an effect that, surprisingly, could be observed in response to IL‐21 alone. RNA‐Seq revealed that ABCs lacking IL‐13Rα1 down‐regulated some histologic characteristics of B cells but up‐regulated myeloid markers and proinflammatory mediators. Conclusion Our findings indicate a novel role for IL‐13Rα1 in controlling ABC generation and differentiation, suggesting that IL‐13Rα1 contributes to these effects by regulating a subset of IL‐21–mediated signaling events. These results also suggest that X‐linked genes besides TLR7 participate in the regulation of ABCs in lupus.
Percutaneous Transvalvular Microaxial Flow Pump Support in Cardiology
Authors: Enzo Lüsebrink, Antonia Kellnar, Kathrin Krieg, Leonhard Binzenhöfer, Clemens Scherer, Sebastian Zimmer, Benedikt Schrage, Stephanie Fichtner, Tobias Petzold, Daniel Braun, Sven Peterss, Stefan Brunner, Christian Hagl, Dirk Westermann, Jörg Hausleiter, Steffen Massberg, Holger Thiele, Andreas Schäfer, Martin Orban
Journal: Circulation (2022)

The Impella device (Impella, Abiomed, Danvers, MA) is a percutaneous transvalvular microaxial flow pump that is currently used for (1) cardiogenic shock, (2) left ventricular unloading (combination of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and Impella concept), (3) high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions, (4) ablation of ventricular tachycardia, and (5) treatment of right ventricular failure. Impella-assisted forward blood flow increased mean arterial pressure and cardiac output, peripheral tissue perfusion, and coronary blood flow in observational studies and some randomized trials. However, because of the need for large-bore femoral access (14 F for the commonly used Impella CP device) and anticoagulation, the incidences of bleeding and ischemic complications are as much as 44% and 18%, respectively. Hemolysis is reported in as many as 32% of patients and stroke in as many as 13%. Despite the rapidly growing use of the Impella device, there are still insufficient data on its effect on outcome and complications on the basis of large, adequately powered randomized controlled trials. The only 2 small and also underpowered randomized controlled trials in cardiogenic shock comparing Impella versus intra-aortic balloon pump did not show improved mortality. Several larger randomized controlled trials are currently recruiting patients or are in preparation in cardiogenic shock (DanGer Shock [Danish-German Cardiogenic Shock Trial; NCT01633502]), left ventricular unloading (DTU-STEMI [Door-To-Unload in ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction; NCT03947619], UNLOAD ECMO [Left Ventricular Unloading to Improve Outcome in Cardiogenic Shock Patients on VA-ECMO], and REVERSE [A Prospective Randomised Trial of Early LV Venting Using Impella CP for Recovery in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Managed With VA ECMO; NCT03431467]) and high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PROTECT IV [Impella-Supported PCI in High-Risk Patients With Complex Coronary Artery Disease and Reduced Left Ventricular Function; NCT04763200]).
Association between maternal thyroid function and risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Freddy J K Toloza, Arash Derakhshan, Tuija Männistö, Sofie Bliddal, Polina V Popova, David M Carty, Liangmiao Chen, Peter Taylor, Lorena Mosso, Emily Oken, Eila Suvanto, Sachiko Itoh, Reiko Kishi, Judit Bassols, Juha Auvinen, Abel López-Bermejo, Suzanne J Brown, Laura Boucai, Aya Hisada, Jun Yoshinaga, Ekaterina Shilova, Elena N Grineva, Tanja G M Vrijkotte, Jordi Sunyer, Ana Jiménez-Zabala, Isolina Riaño-Galan, Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa, Larry J Prokop, Naykky Singh Ospina, Juan P Brito, Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez, Erik K Alexander, Layal Chaker, Elizabeth N Pearce, Robin P Peeters, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Mònica Guxens, Leda Chatzi, Christian Delles, Jeanine E Roeters van Lennep, Victor J M Pop, Xuemian Lu, John P Walsh, Scott M Nelson, Tim I M Korevaar, Spyridoula Maraka
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2022)
Case 12-2022: A 41-Year-Old Woman with Transient Ischemic Attack and Mitral Valve Masses
Authors: Mark A. Matza, Sandra P. Rincon, Evin Yucel, April M. Jorge, Aneesh B. Singhal, Carrie A. Coleman, Sacha N. Uljon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

A 41-year-old woman with transient dysarthria and facial droop was evaluated for mitral valve masses. Three weeks earlier, she had heavy vaginal bleeding with crampy abdominal pain, fatigue, and lightheadedness. CT imaging was notable for small chronic cerebral infarcts and uterine fibroids. Diagnostic test results were received, and management decisions were made.
PET/CT Ultrasound Fusion for Percutaneous Biopsy
Authors: Bryce David Beutler, Gilbert Whang, Hisham Tchelepi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic yield and complication rate of 18 F-FDG PET/CT ultrasound (US) fusion for percutaneous biopsy of FDG-avid lesions among patients with known or suspected malignancy.We describe the clinical, imaging, and histopathologic features of 36 patients who underwent percutaneous biopsy using real-time PET/CT US fusion. In addition, we review the literature on PET/CT US fusion. Using Medline, the following MeSH terms were searched and relevant citations assessed: "fusion imaging," "PET/CT fusion," "PET/CT-guided biopsy," "PET/US fusion," "ultrasound fusion," and "ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy."A total of 36 patients (15 men, 21 women) with known or suspected malignancy and prior PET/CT imaging underwent percutaneous biopsy of FDG-avid lesions using PET/CT US fusion between October 2014 and July 2020. Coregistration was achieved using General Electric LOGIQ E9 software. Adequate tissue for analysis was obtained in all 36 patients. Histologic evaluation revealed malignancy in 14 patients (38.9%) and nonneoplastic tissue in 22 patients (61.1%). No intraprocedural or postprocedural complications were recorded.Fusion of PET/CT and US for percutaneous biopsy of FDG-avid lesions can be used to achieve excellent diagnostic yield with a low risk of complications.
Combining daratumumab with CD47 blockade prolongs survival in preclinical models of pediatric T-ALL
Authors: Kristina Müller, Fotini Vogiatzi, Dorothee Winterberg, Thies Rösner, Lennart Lenk, Lorenz Bastian, Carina L. Gehlert, Marie-Pauline Autenrieb, Monika Brüggemann, Gunnar Cario, Martin Schrappe, Andreas E. Kulozik, Cornelia Eckert, Anke K. Bergmann, Beat Bornhauser, Jean-Pierre Bourquin, Thomas Valerius, Matthias Peipp, Christian Kellner, Denis M. Schewe
Journal: Blood (2022)
Targeted therapy for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: the time is now
Authors: Francesco Bonella, Raphael Borie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome with a complex pathogenesis leading, at the end, to accumulation of surfactant phospholipids and lipoproteins in the alveoli, and causing progressive respiratory insufficiency [1]. Alongside the most common autoimmune form, affecting more than 90% of patients and characterised by the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies, there are severe forms associated with genetic mutations, which are usually diagnosed in children. The landscape of genetic mutations underlying PAP is rapidly evolving and advances in this field from the past decade are impressive [2, 3]. In terms of frequency, the most common mutations, associated with primary hereditary PAP, affect genes coding for the a- and b-subunit of GM-CSF receptor (CSF2RA and CSF2RB), followed by surfactant (SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPA1 and SFTPA2), ABCA3 and NKX2.1 gene mutations; PAP syndrome occurs sporadically in the latter two. Further, GATA-2 mutations, associated with a genetic immunodeficiency syndrome (MonoMAC) [4–6], SLC7A7, MARS, FARSB and NPC 2 gene mutations (causing lysinuric protein intolerance, methionine deficit, phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase deficit and Niemann–Pick disease, respectively) [2], and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mutations [7, 8] can also be revealed by PAP. Gene therapy and impaired pathway correction are promising treatments for selected patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis syndrome <https://bit.ly/3d9hjdS>
Clinical Outcomes of a Laparoscopic Total vs a 270° Posterior Partial Fundoplication in Chronic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Apostolos Analatos, Bengt S. Håkanson, Christoph Ansorge, Mats Lindblad, Lars Lundell, Anders Thorell
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> The efficacy of fundoplication operations in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been documented. However, few prospective, controlled series report long-term (&gt;10 years) efficacy and postfundoplication concerns, particularly when comparing various types of fundoplication. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare long-term (&gt;15 years) results regarding mechanical complications, reflux control, and quality of life between patients undergoing posterior partial fundoplication (PF) or total fundoplication (TF) (270° vs 360°) in surgical treatment for GERD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed at a single center (Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden) from November 19, 2001, to January 24, 2006. A total of 456 patients were recruited and randomized. Data for this analysis were collected from August 1, 2019, to January 31, 2021. <h3>Interventions</h3> Laparoscopic 270° posterior PF vs 360° TF. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The main outcome was dysphagia scores for solid and liquid food items after more than 15 years. Generic (36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) and disease-specific (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale) quality of life and proton pump inhibitor consumption were also assessed. <h3>Results</h3> Among 407 available patients, relevant data were obtained from 310 (response rate, 76%; mean [SD] age, 66 [11.2] years; 184 [59%] men). A total of 159 were allocated to a PF and 151 to a TF. The mean (SD) follow-up time was 16 (1.3) years. At 15 years after surgery, mean (SD) dysphagia scores were low for both liquids (PF, 1.2 [0.5]; TF, 1.2 [0.5];<i>P</i> = .58) and solids (PF, 1.3 [0.6]; TF, 1.3 [0.5];<i>P</i> = .97), without statistically significant differences between the groups. Reflux symptoms were equally well controlled by the 2 types of fundoplications as were the improvements of quality-of-life scores. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The long-term findings of this randomized clinical trial indicate that PF and TF are equally effective for controlling GERD and quality of life in the long term. Although PF was superior in the first years after surgery in terms of less dysphagia recorded, this difference did not prevail when assessed a decade later. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT04182178
Evidence Base on the Potential Carcinogenicity of Radiofrequency Radiation
Authors: Olga V. Naidenko
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
WHO Urges Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in Wildlife to Prevent Animal Reservoirs
Authors: Howard D. Larkin
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Global COVID-19 Death Toll May Be Triple the Reported Deaths More than 3 times as many people may have died around the world due to direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic than officially reported, according to an estimate of excess mortality by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington.Whereas global reported COVID-19 deaths for the 18 months ending December 31, 2021, totaled 5.94 million, the authors estimated that 18.2 million people died because of the pandemic.The pandemic accounted for 120.3 extra deaths per 100 000 people during the study period, and 300 extra deaths per 100 000 people in 21 countries, according to the researcher's modeling.South Asia, North Africa and the Middle East, and Eastern Europe had the greatest numbers of estimated excess deaths in the report.The countries with the most excess deaths were India, with 4.07 million deaths; the US, with 1.13 million deaths; and Russia, with 1.07 million deaths.These were followed by Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia, and Pakistan, in that order.Among these countries, excess mortality rates were highest in Russia and Mexico.The authors used 6 statistical models of data collected from 74 countries and territories to estimate excess mortality in 191 countries and territories.Excess mortality was defined as observed mortality minus expected mortality based on historical trends, allowing for mortality increases due to unusual events such as heat waves.To improve the quality of pandemic mortality information, the authors recommended strengthening death registration systems and additional research to better distinguish direct from indirect deaths.
Daily Oral Ibandronate With Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Postmenopausal Women With Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (BOOG 2006-04): Randomized Phase III TEAM-IIB Trial
Authors: Sonja B. Vliek, Iris Noordhoek, Elma Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg, Annelot G.J. van Rossum, Vincent O. Dezentje, Agnes Jager, J.W. Esmeralda Hokken, Hein Putter, Annette W.G. van der Velden, Mathijs P. Hendriks, Sandra D. Bakker, Yvonne E.A. van Riet, Vivianne C.G. Tjan-Heijnen, Johanneke E.A. Portielje, Judith R. Kroep, Johan W.R. Nortier, Cornelis J.H. van de Velde, Sabine C. Linn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

For postmenopausal patients with breast cancer, previous subgroup analyses have shown a modest benefit from adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment. However, the efficacy of oral nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates such as ibandronate is unclear in this setting. TEAM-IIB investigates adjuvant ibandronate in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer.
Natural Course of Cysts in Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome
Authors: Bart P. C. Hoppe, Berend C. Stoel, Pieter E. Postmus
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"Natural Course of Cysts in Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 205(12), pp. 1474–1475
Durability of BNT162b2 vaccine against hospital and emergency department admissions due to the omicron and delta variants in a large health system in the USA: a test-negative case–control study
Authors: Sara Y Tartof, Jeff M Slezak, Laura Puzniak, Vennis Hong, Fagen Xie, Bradley K Ackerson, Srinivas R Valluri, Luis Jodar, John M McLaughlin
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2022)
Effect of an Interdisciplinary Weight Loss and Lifestyle Intervention on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity
Authors: Almudena Carneiro-Barrera, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete, Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Germán Sáez-Roca, Carlos Martín-Carrasco, Gualberto Buela-Casal, Jonatan R. Ruiz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Obesity is the leading cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, the effects of weight loss and lifestyle interventions on OSA and comorbidities remain uncertain.
Bone without borders – Monetite-based calcium phosphate guides bone formation beyond the skeletal envelope
Authors: Furqan A. Shah, Martina Jolic, Chiara Micheletti, Omar Omar, Birgitta Norlindh, Lena Emanuelsson, Håkan Engqvist, Thomas Engstrand, Anders Palmquist, Peter Thomsen
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Calcium phosphates (CaP) represent an important class of osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterials. As proof-of-concept, we show how a multi-component CaP formulation (monetite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium pyrophosphate) guides osteogenesis beyond the physiological envelope. In a sheep model, hollow dome-shaped constructs were placed directly over the occipital bone. At 12 months, large amounts of bone (∼75%) occupy the hollow space with strong evidence of ongoing remodelling. Features of both compact bone (osteonal/osteon-like arrangements) and spongy bone (trabeculae separated by marrow cavities) reveal insights into function/need-driven microstructural adaptation. Pores within the CaP also contain both woven bone and vascularised lamellar bone. Osteoclasts actively contribute to CaP degradation/removal. Of the constituent phases, only calcium pyrophosphate persists within osseous (cutting cones) and non-osseous (macrophages) sites. From a translational perspective, this multi-component CaP opens up exciting new avenues for osteotomy-free and minimally-invasive repair of large bone defects and augmentation of the dental alveolar ridge.