tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and surgical correction of insufficiency of physiological cardia in hiatal hernia
Authors: B.F. Shevchenko, N.V. Prolom, O.M. Babii, O.V. Zeleniuk, S.O. Tarabarov, O.O. Galinsky
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

Background. The purpose of the study was to improve the diagnosis and improving the results of surgical treatment of patients with hiatal hernia (HH) and GERD by applying the developed method of surgical correction of insufficiency of physiological cardia aimed at preserving and restoring the anatomical and topographic relationships of the esophagocardial organs. Materials and methods. In the Department of Digestive Surgery of the State Institution “Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” for the period 2017–2021 conducted a study in 78 patients with HH, including: axial HH (typeI) was 60 (77.0%) patients; paraesophageal (type II)— 9 (11.5%) patients; mixed (type III)— 9 (11.5%) (code for ICD-10— K44). To establish and confirm the diagnosis, patients underwent radiological and endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, manometry. Results. In the analysis of complaints of examined patients it can be noted that the most common clinical manifestations in patients with HH and GERD were heartburn in 73 (93.7%), belching in 68 (87.2%) and epigastric pain in 64 (82.0%). The erosions of the lower third of the esophagus was found in 13 (16.7%) patients, while according to the Los Angeles classification in 6 (7.7%) patients had esophagitis grade A, 7 (8.9%) patients— grade B. According to the results of the manometry study, the highest pressure was observed in patients with axial HH and was (13.54±3.32) mm Hg, and the lowest— in patients with GERD and was (9.81±3.18) mm Hg. After a comprehensive examination, 3 (3.8%) patients after confirmation of the diagnosis of HH in combination with Barrett’s esophagus underwent two-stage treatment: the first stage performed argonoplasmic ablation of altered esophageal mucosa, the second stage— antireflux surgery. All of 78 (100%) patients underwent antireflux surgery. Laparoscopic fundoplications were performed: the Nissen fundoplication was performed in 53 (67.9%) patients, Toupet fundoplication in 7 (8.9%) patients and Dor fundoplication in 5 (6.6%) patients, cruroraphy was performed in 100.0%. The 11 (14.1%) patients underwent surgery according to a new method that provides reliable restoration of physiological cardia and preservation of the anatomical relationship of the diaphragm and esophageal-gastric junction and includes cruroraphy and fundoplication. Conclusions. The method of surgical treatment of insufficiency of physiological cardia in HH, proposed by us, aimed at the correction of physiological cardia is less traumatic than known, provides a reliable restoration of the anatomical relationship of the esophagogastric region.
No Back-up Plan: Loss of Isozyme Diversity as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer
Authors: Abisola Z. Kehinde, Seth J. Parker
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Metabolic rewiring in cancer cells supports many aspects of tumor growth. Understanding the mechanisms that result in metabolic rewiring, such as altered enzyme expression, is key to identifying therapeutic vulnerabilities that selectively target cancer cells. In this issue of Cancer Research, Marczyk and colleagues analyze matched tumor-normal enzyme expression across 14 different cancer types and report that cancer cells exhibit a general loss of isozyme diversity (LID) relative to corresponding normal tissue. The authors hypothesized that the presence of a cancer dominant isozyme may reduce metabolic plasticity and uniquely sensitize cancer cells to isozyme-specific inhibitors. Several LID targets were identified, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), which the authors validated using a clinically available inhibitor of ACC1/2. This study is the first to systematically evaluate isozymes affected by LID, which represents a promising strategy to target the unique metabolic demands of cancer. See related article by Marczyk et al., p. 1698
Taking a Hard Look at the Empirical Evidence for Popular Community-Based Interventions in Obesity
Authors: Sarah E. Deemer, Arthur H. Owora, David B. Allison
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020: a review of current estimates of the national burden, data gaps, and future needs
Authors: Freddie Bray, D Maxwell Parkin, Freddy Gnangnon, Gontse Tshisimogo, Jean-Felix Peko, Innocent Adoubi, Mathewos Assefa, Lamin Bojang, Baffour Awuah, Moussa Koulibaly, Nathan Buziba, Anne Korir, Charles Dzamalala, Bakarou Kamate, Shyam Manraj, Josefo Ferro, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Rolf Hansen, Hassan Nouhou, Olufemi Ogunbiyi, Festus Igbinoba, Ima Ekanem, Abidemi Omonisi, Emmanuel Chirpaz, Francois Uwinkindi, Anne Finesse, Ntuthu Somdyala, Elvira Singh, Xolisilie Dlamini, Nestory Masalu, Furaha Serventi, Caroline Mrema, Henry Wabinga, Martin Ogwang, Linda Chiwele, Margaret Borok, Tatenda Chingonzoh
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Multiscale study of the oral and gut environments in children with high- and low-threshold peanut allergy
Authors: Lingdi Zhang, Yoojin Chun, Hsi-en Ho, Zoe Arditi, Tracy Lo, Swathy Sajja, Rebecca Rose, Drew Jones, Julie Wang, Scott Sicherer, Supinda Bunyavanich
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Fructose: role in the formation of intestinal symptoms
Authors: N.N. Silivontchik
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

Fructose is a simple sugar that is present in fruit and honey, but is also a major component in the two most commonly used sweeteners, sucrose (table sugar), and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Intake of fructose has increased markedly over the last several hundred years, and currently the intake of added sugars approaches 15 percent of overall energy intake in the average western diet. The prevalence of fructose malabsorption is relatively high in healthy adults (~34%) and is even greater in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Symptoms following fructose ingestion, or fructose intolerance, are common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Due to the paucity of targeted therapy for IBS, many patients turn to dietary modifications for symptom management. In recent years the low-FODMAPs diet for treatment of IBS has gained increasing popularity. The acronym FODMAP stands for “fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyol” and includes foods with fructose in excess of glucose, oligosaccharides including fructans, galacto-oligosaccharide and sugar polyols such as sorbitol and mannitol and lactose. The composition of FODMAPs diets and their mechanisms of action in IBS have been intensively studied in the past decade, but since this link is not specific to fructose. Dietary FODMAP might exacerbate intestinal symptoms by increasing small intestinal water volume, colonic gas production, and intestinal motility. Dietary FODMAPs restriction is associated with reduced fermentation and significant symptom improvement in some IBS patients.
Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with the Presence of Cancer Driver Mutations in Normal Colon
Authors: Julia Matas, Brendan Kohrn, Jeanne Fredrickson, Kelly Carter, Ming Yu, Ting Wang, Xianyong Gui, Thierry Soussi, Victor Moreno, William M. Grady, Miguel A. Peinado, Rosa Ana Risques
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Although somatic mutations in colorectal cancer are well characterized, little is known about the accumulation of cancer mutations in the normal colon before cancer. Here, we have developed and applied an ultrasensitive, single-molecule mutational test based on CRISPR-DS technology, which enables mutation detection at extremely low frequency (<0.001) in normal colon from patients with and without colorectal cancer. This testing platform revealed that normal colon from patients with and without colorectal cancer carries mutations in common colorectal cancer genes, but these mutations are more abundant in patients with cancer. Oncogenic KRAS mutations were observed in the normal colon of about one third of patients with colorectal cancer but in none of the patients without colorectal cancer. Patients with colorectal cancer also carried more TP53 mutations than patients without cancer and these mutations were more pathogenic and formed larger clones, especially in patients with early-onset colorectal cancer. Most mutations in the normal colon were different from the driver mutations in tumors, suggesting that the occurrence of independent clones with pathogenic KRAS and TP53 mutations is a common event in the colon of individuals who develop colorectal cancer. These results indicate that somatic evolution contributes to clonal expansions in the normal colon and that this process is enhanced in individuals with cancer, particularly in those with early-onset colorectal cancer.
Treatment guideline concordance, initiation, and abandonment in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer from the African Breast Cancer–Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) cohort in sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Milena Foerster, Valerie McCormack, Benjamin O Anderson, Pauline Boucheron, Annelle Zietsman, Herbert Cubasch, Maureen Joffe, Angelica Anele, Shadrach Offiah, Moses Galukande, Groesbeck Parham, Leeya F Pinder, Ophira Ginsburg, Joachim Schüz, Isabel dos-Santos-Silva, Eva J Kantelhardt
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Liquid biopsies to occult brain metastasis
Authors: Asad Ur Rehman, Parvez Khan, Shailendra Kumar Maurya, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Juan A. Santamaria-Barria, Surinder K. Batra, Mohd Wasim Nasser
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract Brain metastasis (BrM) is a major problem associated with cancer-related mortality, and currently, no specific biomarkers are available in clinical settings for early detection. Liquid biopsy is widely accepted as a non-invasive method for diagnosing cancer and other diseases. We have reviewed the evidence that shows how the molecular alterations are involved in BrM, majorly from breast cancer (BC), lung cancer (LC), and melanoma, with an inception in how they can be employed for biomarker development. We discussed genetic and epigenetic changes that influence cancer cells to breach the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and help to establish metastatic lesions in the uniquely distinct brain microenvironment. Keeping abreast with the recent breakthroughs in the context of various biomolecules detections and identifications, the circulating tumor cells (CTC), cell-free nucleotides, non-coding RNAs, secretory proteins, and metabolites can be pursued in human body fluids such as blood, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine to obtain potential candidates for biomarker development. The liquid biopsy-based biomarkers can overlay with current imaging techniques to amplify the signal viable for improving the early detection and treatments of occult BrM.
Cerebral Ultrasonography of Cytotoxic Edema in a Newborn With a Mitochondrial Disorder
Authors: Marta Agüera, Nuria Carreras, Thais Agut
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Controls Proteomic and Transcriptomic Pathways to Maintain Glioma Stem Cell Activity
Authors: Jaione Auzmendi-Iriarte, Maddalen Otaegi-Ugartemendia, Estefania Carrasco-Garcia, Mikel Azkargorta, Antonio Diaz, Ander Saenz-Antoñanzas, Joaquin Andrés Andermatten, Mikel Garcia-Puga, Idoia Garcia, Alejandro Elua-Pinin, Irune Ruiz, Nicolas Sampron, Felix Elortza, Ana Maria Cuervo, Ander Matheu
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a homeostatic process essential for the lysosomal degradation of a selected subset of the proteome. CMA activity directly depends on the levels of LAMP2A, a critical receptor for CMA substrate proteins at the lysosomal membrane. In glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive brain cancer in adulthood, high levels of LAMP2A in the tumor and tumor-associated pericytes have been linked to temozolomide resistance and tumor progression. However, the role of LAMP2A, and hence CMA, in any cancer stem cell type or in glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) remains unknown. In this work, we show that LAMP2A expression is enriched in patient-derived GSCs, and its depletion diminishes GSC-mediated tumorigenic activities. Conversely, overexpression of LAMP2A facilitates the acquisition of GSC properties. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of LAMP2A-depleted GSCs revealed reduced extracellular matrix interaction effectors in both analyses. Moreover, pathways related to mitochondrial metabolism and the immune system were differentially deregulated at the proteome level. Furthermore, clinical samples of GBM tissue presented overexpression of LAMP2, which correlated with advanced glioma grade and poor overall survival. In conclusion, we identified a novel role of CMA in directly regulating GSCs activity via multiple pathways at the proteome and transcriptome levels.A receptor of chaperone-mediated autophagy regulates glioblastoma stem cells and may serve as a potential biomarker for advanced tumor grade and poor survival in this disease.
Mental Health and Substance Use Among Homeless Adolescents in the US
Authors: Michael Liu, Katherine A. Koh, Stephen W. Hwang, Rishi K. Wadhera
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Joshua A. Barocas, MD; Samantha K. Nall, MPH; Sarah Axelrath, MD; Courtney Pladsen, DNP; Alaina Boyer, BS; Alex H. Kral, PhD; Ashley A. Meehan, MPH; Alexandra Savinkina, MSPH; David Peery, JD; Michael Bien, MPH; Christine Agnew-Brune, PhD; Jesse Goldshear, MPH; Joey Chiang, MD; Benjamin P. Linas, MD; Gregg Gonsalves, PhD; Ricky N. Bluthenthal, PhD; Emily Mosites, PhD; NHBS Study Group; Pascale Wortley; Jeff Todd; David Melton; Colin Flynn; Danielle German; Monina Klevens; Rose Doherty; Conall O'Cleirigh; Antonio Jimenez; Thomas Clyde; Jonathon Poe; Margaret Vaaler; Jie Deng; Alia Al-Tayyib; Danielle Shodell; Emily Higgins; Vivian Griffin; Corrine Sanger; Salma Khuwaja; Zaida Lopez; Paige Padgett; Ekow Kwa Sey; Yingbo Ma; Hugo Santacruz; Meredith Brantley; Christopher Mathews; Jack Marr; Emma Spencer; Willie Nixon; David Forrest; Bridget Anderson; Ashley Tate; Meaghan Abrego; William T. Robinson; Narquis Barak; Jeremy M. Beckford; Sarah Braunstein; Alexis Rivera; Sidney Carrillo; Abdel R. Ibrahim; Afework Wogayehu; Luis Moraga; Kathleen A. Brady; Jennifer Shinefeld; Chrysanthus Nnumolu; Timothy W. Menza; E. Roberto Orellana; Amisha Bhattari; Anna Flynn; Onika Chambers; Marisa Ramos; Will McFarland; Jessica Lin; Desmond Miller; Sandra Miranda De Leon; Yadira Rolon-Colon; Maria P. Martinez; Tom Jaenicke; Saral Glick; Jennifer Kienzle; Brandie Smith; Toyah Reid; Jenevieve Opoku; Irene Kuo; Monica Adams; Amy Baugher; Dita Broz; Janet Burnett; Susan Chambers; Johanna Chapin-Bardales; Paul Denning; Teresa Finlayson; Senad Handanagic; Terence Hickey; Dafna Kanny; Kathryn Lee; Rashunda Lewis; Elana Morris; Evelyn Olansky; Taylor Robbins; Catlainn Sionean; Amanda Smith; Anna Teplinskaya; Kindsay Trujillo; Cyprian Wejnert; Ari Whiteman; Mingjing Xia
COVID-19 epidemiology and changes in health service utilization in Azraq and Zaatari refugee camps in Jordan: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chiara Altare, Natalya Kostandova, Jennifer OKeeffe, Heba Hayek, Muhammad Fawad, Adam Musa Khalifa, Paul B. Spiegel
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

The effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in humanitarian contexts are not well understood. Specific vulnerabilities in such settings raised concerns about the ability to respond and maintain essential health services. This study describes the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Azraq and Zaatari refugee camps in Jordan (population: 37,932 and 79,034, respectively) and evaluates changes in routine health services during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Symptomatic Bradycardia
Authors: Laszlo Littmann
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
A p300/GATA6 axis determines differentiation and Wnt dependency in pancreatic cancer models
Authors: Zheng Zhong, Nathan Harmston, Kris C. Wood, Babita Madan, David M. Virshup
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Wnt signaling regulates the balance between stemness and differentiation in multiple tissues and in cancer. RNF43-mutant pancreatic cancers are dependent on Wnt production, and pharmacologic blockade of the pathway, e.g., by PORCN inhibitors, leads to tumor differentiation. However, primary resistance to these inhibitors has been observed. To elucidate potential mechanisms, we performed in vivo CRISPR screens in PORCN inhibitor-sensitive RNF43-mutant pancreatic cancer xenografts. As expected, genes in the Wnt pathway whose loss conferred drug resistance were identified, including APC, AXIN1, and CTNNBIP1. Unexpectedly, the screen also identified the histone acetyltransferase EP300 (p300), but not its paralog, CREBBP (CBP). We found that EP300 is silenced due to genetic alterations in all the existing RNF43-mutant pancreatic cancer cell lines that are resistant to PORCN inhibitors. Mechanistically, loss of EP300 directly downregulated GATA6 expression, thereby silencing the GATA6-regulated differentiation program and leading to a phenotypic transition from the classical subtype to the dedifferentiated basal-like/squamous subtype of pancreatic cancer. EP300 mutation and loss of GATA6 function bypassed the antidifferentiation activity of Wnt signaling, rendering these cancer cells resistant to Wnt inhibition.
Meningioma DNA methylation groups identify biological drivers and therapeutic vulnerabilities
Authors: Abrar Choudhury, Stephen T. Magill, Charlotte D. Eaton, Briana C. Prager, William C. Chen, Martha A. Cady, Kyounghee Seo, Calixto-Hope G. Lucas, Tim J. Casey-Clyde, Harish N. Vasudevan, S. John Liu, Javier E. Villanueva-Meyer, Tai-Chung Lam, Jenny Kan-Suen Pu, Lai-Fung Li, Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung, Danielle L. Swaney, Michael Y. Zhang, Jason W. Chan, Zhixin Qiu, Michael V. Martin, Matthew S. Susko, Steve E. Braunstein, Nancy Ann Oberheim Bush, Jessica D. Schulte, Nicholas Butowski, Penny K. Sneed, Mitchel S. Berger, Nevan J. Krogan, Arie Perry, Joanna J. Phillips, David A. Solomon, Joseph F. Costello, Michael W. McDermott, Jeremy N. Rich, David R. Raleigh
Journal: Nature Genetics (2022)