tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A call to action to reform academic global health partnerships
Authors: Agnes Binagwaho, Pascale Allotey, Eugene Sangano, Anna Mia Ekström, Keith Martin
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The global health enterprise has contributed to improving the wellbeing of people and increasing access to health services.However, deep structural inequities persist between institutions from high-income countries (HICs) and those in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in access to resources, training, and knowledge.This results in significant health inequities, lack of ownership, lost opportunities, misguided priorities, and wholly insufficient attempts at achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.Power imbalances are embedded across funding opportunities, research management and coordination, knowledge production and transfer, access to training resources and most technical and political aspects of global health. 1 The current pandemic, which has further highlighted these inequities, is an opportunity to acknowledge and rectify these gaps. 2 The changes needed include ensuring that partnerships between HIC and LMIC institutions are equitable and that benefits from those arrangements accrue equally to all parties.Collaborations rooted in respect, honesty, equity, as well as commitment to mutual capacity building and health outcomes aligned with the needs of the LMIC partners are essential to reforming global health.
Long-term Risk of Parkinson Disease Following Influenza and Other Infections
Authors: Noelle M. Cocoros, Elisabeth Svensson, Szimonetta Komjáthine Szépligeti, Søren Viborg Vestergaard, Péter Szentkúti, Reimar W. Thomsen, Per Borghammer, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Victor W. Henderson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Influenza has been associated with the risk of developing Parkinson disease, but the association is controversial. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether prior influenza and other infections are associated with Parkinson disease more than 10 years after infection. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This case-control study used data from 1977 to 2016 from the Danish National Patient Registry. All individuals with Parkinson disease, excluding those with drug-induced parkinsonism, were included and matched to 5 population controls on sex, age, and date of Parkinson diagnosis. Data were analyzed from December 2019 to September 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Infections were ascertained between 1977 and 2016 and categorized by time from infection to Parkinson disease diagnosis. To increase specificity of influenza diagnoses, influenza exposure was restricted to months of peak influenza activity. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Parkinson disease diagnoses were identified between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2016. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated by conditional logistic regression overall and stratified by time between infection and Parkinson disease (5 years or less, more than 5 to 10 years, more than 10 years). <h3>Results</h3> Of 61 626 included individuals, 23 826 (38.7%) were female, and 53 202 (86.3%) were older than 60 years. A total of 10 271 individuals with Parkinson disease and 51 355 controls were identified. Influenza diagnosed at any time during a calendar year was associated with Parkinson disease more than 10 years later (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.11-2.71). When influenza exposure was restricted to months of highest influenza activity, an elevated OR with a wider confidence interval was found (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.80-2.89). There was no evidence of an association with any type of infection more than 10 years prior to Parkinson disease (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.98-1.10). Several specific infections yielded increased odds of Parkinson disease within 5 years of infection, but results were null when exposure occurred more than 10 years prior. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this case-control study, influenza was associated with diagnoses of Parkinson disease more than 10 years after infection. These observational data suggest a link between influenza and Parkinson disease but do not demonstrate causality. While other infections were associated with Parkinson disease diagnoses soon after infection, null associations after more than 10 years suggest these shorter-term associations are not causal.
Immunizations with diverse sarbecovirus receptor-binding domains elicit SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies against a conserved site of vulnerability
Authors: Deborah L. Burnett, Katherine J.L. Jackson, David B. Langley, Anupriya Aggarwal, Alberto Ospina Stella, Matt D. Johansen, Harikrishnan Balachandran, Helen Lenthall, Romain Rouet, Gregory Walker, Bernadette M. Saunders, Mandeep Singh, Hui Li, Jake Y. Henry, Jennifer Jackson, Alastair G. Stewart, Franka Witthauer, Matthew A. Spence, Nicole G. Hansbro, Colin Jackson, Peter Schofield, Claire Milthorpe, Marianne Martinello, Sebastian R. Schulz, Edith Roth, Anthony Kelleher, Sean Emery, Warwick J. Britton, William D. Rawlinson, Rudolfo Karl, Simon Schäfer, Thomas H. Winkler, Robert Brink, Rowena A. Bull, Philip M. Hansbro, Hans-Martin Jäck, Stuart Turville, Daniel Christ, Christopher C. Goodnow
Journal: Immunity (2021)

Viral mutations are an emerging concern in reducing SARS-CoV-2 vaccination efficacy. Second-generation vaccines will need to elicit neutralizing antibodies against sites that are evolutionarily conserved across the sarbecovirus subgenus. Here, we immunized mice containing a human antibody repertoire with diverse sarbecovirus receptor-binding domains (RBDs) to identify antibodies targeting conserved sites of vulnerability. Antibodies with broad reactivity against diverse clade B RBDs targeting the conserved class 4 epitope, with recurring IGHV/IGKV pairs, were readily elicited but were non-neutralizing. However, rare class 4 antibodies binding this conserved RBD supersite showed potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and all variants of concern. Structural analysis revealed that the neutralizing ability of cross-reactive antibodies was reserved only for those with an elongated CDRH3 that extends the antiparallel beta-sheet RBD core and orients the antibody light chain to obstruct ACE2-RBD interactions. These results identify a structurally defined pathway for vaccine strategies eliciting escape-resistant SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.
The effect of remotely delivered lifestyle interventions on cognition in older adults without dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tim Whitfield, Brittany McConnell, Philippa Renouf, Hassan Mansour, Sedigheh Zabihi, Elisa Aguirre, Zuzana Walker, Claudia Cooper, Natalie L. Marchant
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2021)
Serum antibody response in patients with philadelphia-chromosome positive or negative myeloproliferative neoplasms following vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines
Authors: Kathryn E. Kozak, Linda Ouyang, Andriy Derkach, Alexandra Sherman, Susan J. McCall, Christopher Famulare, Jordan Chervin, Ryan J. Daley, Sejal Morjaria, Michael J. Mauro, Raajit K. Rampal
Journal: Leukemia (2021)

Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), particularly spike protein messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, to date have yielded a high degree of efficacy against symptomatic infection and severe 2].However, outcomes of patients with active hematologic malignancies are not well described, and remain a significant concern given data demonstrating poorer outcomes in sub-groups of these patients who become infected [3]; for example, a recent study of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) demonstrated reduced antibody seroprevalence after vaccination in patients on active therapy with Burton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors [4].These observations prompted us to evaluate post-vaccination antibody response in patients with Philadelphia-chromosome positive and negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs), including untreated patients and patients on active therapy.We evaluated antibody response in 74 consecutive patients with MPNs subsequent to two doses of the mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines, as per the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization (EUA).We included patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), myelofibrosis (MF), or blastphase MPN (MPN-BP).Serology testing was performed as part of routine clinical practice using the AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II reagent assay (Abbott Diagnostics).A result was considered positive with ≥50 AU/mL.The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.Data were collected from a period spanning from April 2021 to September 2021, from 74 patients in total.The cohort consisted of 22 patients with CML, 14 patients with ET, 14 patients with PV, 22 patients with MF, and 2 patients with MPN-BP (both transformed from prior post-ET Myelofibrosis).The median age of included subjects was 68.2 years.Eighteen CML patients were receiving active treatment with ABL kinase inhibitors, including dasatinib
Outcomes in adolescent and young adult patients (16 to 30 years) compared to younger patients treated for high-risk B-lymphoblastic leukemia: report from Children’s Oncology Group Study AALL0232
Authors: Michael J. Burke, Meenakshi Devidas, Zhiguo Chen, Wanda L. Salzer, Elizabeth A. Raetz, Karen R. Rabin, Nyla A. Heerema, Andrew J. Carroll, Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Michael J. Borowitz, Brent L. Wood, Naomi J. Winick, William L. Carroll, Stephen P. Hunger, Mignon L. Loh, Eric C. Larsen
Journal: Leukemia (2021)
TCT-504 Complications and Failure Modes of Covered Coronary Stents: Insights From the MAUDE Database
Authors: Michael Megaly, Magdi Zordok, Amgad Mentias, Yashasvi Chugh, Mir Basir, M. Nicholas Burke, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, Lorenzo Azzalini, Khaldoon Alaswad, Emmanouil Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Hospital security guard receives prison sentence after staging accident for compensation
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

A former security guard at Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust has been given a seven month prison sentence after he claimed compensation for a fabricated accident.

Rhys Williams sought damages of £5000 (€5880; $6810), together with physiotherapy charges of £510, after claiming that he had slipped on some cardboard on the floor on 22 November 2019 …
2021 Update on MRD in acute myeloid leukemia: a consensus document from the European LeukemiaNet MRD Working Party
Authors: Michael Heuser, Sylvie D. Freeman, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Francesco Buccisano, Christopher S. Hourigan, Lok Lam Ngai, Jesse M. Tettero, Costa Bachas, Constance Baer, Marie-Christine Béné, Veit Bücklein, Anna Czyz, Barbara Denys, Richard Dillon, Michaela Feuring-Buske, Monica L. Guzman, Torsten Haferlach, Lina Han, Julia K. Herzig, Jeffrey L. Jorgensen, Wolfgang Kern, Marina Y. Konopleva, Francis Lacombe, Marta Libura, Agata Majchrzak, Luca Maurillo, Yishai Ofran, Jan Philippe, Adriana Plesa, Claude Preudhomme, Farhad Ravandi, Christophe Roumier, Marion Subklewe, Felicitas Thol, Arjan A. van de Loosdrecht, Bert A. van der Reijden, Adriano Venditti, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Peter J. M. Valk, Brent L. Wood, Roland B. Walter, Christian Thiede, Konstanze Döhner, Gail J. Roboz, Jacqueline Cloos
Journal: Blood (2021)

Measurable residual disease (MRD) is an important biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is used for prognostic, predictive, monitoring, and efficacy-response assessments. The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) MRD Working Party evaluated standardization and harmonization of MRD in an ongoing manner and has updated the 2018 ELN MRD recommendations based on significant developments in the field. New and revised recommendations were established during in-person and online meetings, and a 2-stage Delphi poll was conducted to optimize consensus. All recommendations are graded by levels of evidence and agreement. Major changes include technical specifications for next-generation sequencing-based MRD testing and integrative assessments of MRD irrespective of technology. Other topics include use of MRD as a prognostic and surrogate end point for drug testing; selection of the technique, material, and appropriate time points for MRD assessment; and clinical implications of MRD assessment. In addition to technical recommendations for flow- and molecular-MRD analysis, we provide MRD thresholds and define MRD response, and detail how MRD results should be reported and combined if several techniques are used. MRD assessment in AML is complex and clinically relevant, and standardized approaches to application, interpretation, technical conduct, and reporting are of critical importance.
A Tale of Survival: COVID-19, Disseminated Cryptococcus, and Cytomegalovirus Disease in an ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplant Recipient
Authors: Rishabh K. Jain, Sudhir R. Thaduri, Vineeta Kumar
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 32(10S):p 641, October 2021. | DOI: 10.1681/ASN.20213210S1641b
TCT-437 Determinants and Long-Term Outcomes of Largely Uncovered Struts in Thin-Strut Drug-Eluting Stents Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography: A TRANSFORM-OCT Substudy
Authors: Francesco Moretti, Chiara Bernelli, Dario Pellegrini, Giacomo Boccuzzi, Francesco Colombo, Vasile Sirbu, Angelina Vassileva, Luigi Fiocca, Paolo Canova, Gabriel Tensol Rodrigues Pereira, Alberto Cereda, Leonardo De Luca, Jung-Sun Kim, Francesco Saia, Davide Capodanno, Giulio Guagliumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Tralokinumab plus topical corticosteroids in adults with severe atopic dermatitis and inadequate response to or intolerance of ciclosporin A: a placebo‐controlled, randomized, phase III clinical trial (ECZTRA 7)*
Authors: J. Gutermuth, A.E. Pink, M. Worm, L. Soldbro, C. Bjerregård Øland, S. Weidinger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Patients with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) not controlled with topical therapy have limited treatment options. Ciclosporin A (CSA) is a commonly used, broad immunosuppressant in AD, but treatment with CSA requires monitoring for potentially serious adverse effects. In a previous phase III trial, tralokinumab plus topical corticosteroids (TCS) as needed provided early and sustained improvements in AD signs and symptoms.To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tralokinumab plus TCS in adult patients with severe AD whose disease was not adequately controlled with CSA or who had contraindications to oral CSA.In this 26-week, multicentre, parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial, European adults with severe AD were randomized 1 : 1 to subcutaneous tralokinumab 300 mg or placebo every 2 weeks plus TCS as needed. The primary endpoint was a 75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI 75) at week 16.In total, 277 patients were randomized. At week 16, more patients treated with tralokinumab plus TCS vs. placebo plus TCS achieved EASI 75 [64·2% vs. 50·5%; difference 14·1% (95% confidence interval 2·5-25·7); P = 0·018], which increased further up to week 26. Improvements in AD severity were accompanied by early improvements in patient-reported outcomes, including Dermatology Life Quality Index, Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure, pruritus and sleep interference. Tralokinumab plus TCS also showed a higher EASI75 response at week 16 among patients who had previously failed CSA therapy vs. placebo plus TCS (57% vs. 41%). The overall incidence of adverse events was similar between treatment arms.Tralokinumab 300 mg plus TCS as needed was effective and well tolerated in patients with severe AD whose disease was not adequately controlled with CSA or who had contraindications to oral CSA.
Association of Physical Activity, Including Amount and Maintenance, With All-Cause Mortality in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Seo Yeon Yoon, Jee Hyun Suh, Seung Nam Yang, Kyungdo Han, Yong Wook Kim
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

The protective effects of physical activity (PA) against Parkinson disease (PD) development have been suggested; however, the association of PA with mortality in PD has rarely been investigated.To evaluate the association between PA and mortality in individuals with PD and determine how the amount and maintenance of PA are associated with mortality.This nationwide population-based cohort study used Korean National Health Insurance System data. Participants were included from January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2013, and were followed up until December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from September 2020 to March 2021. Individuals who were newly diagnosed with PD were selected using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision code G20 and registration code V124 in the program for rare intractable diseases in 2010 through 2013. Individuals who underwent health checkups within 2 years before and after the PD diagnosis were enrolled. Those aged younger than 40 years or with missing data were excluded.Physical activity levels were collected using self-reported questionnaires.All-cause mortality.A total of 45 923 individuals were identified; 10 987 were enrolled, and 34 individuals younger than 40 years and 254 with missing data were excluded. A total of 10 699 individuals with PD were included; 4925 (46%) were male and 5774 (54%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 69.2 (8.8) years. During the 8-year follow-up period, there were 1823 deaths (17%). The mortality rate was lower among individuals who were physically active vs inactive at all PA intensities (vigorous: hazard ratio [HR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.69-0.93]; moderate: HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.55-0.78]; light: HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.73-0.90]). There was a significant inverse dose-response association between the total amount of PA and mortality (HRs: vigorous, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.69-0.93]; moderate, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.55-0.78]; light, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.73-0.90]; P < .001). Moreover, maintenance of PA was associated with the mortality rate. Individuals with PD who were physically active both before and after the PD diagnosis had the greatest reduction in mortality rate across all PA intensities (HRs: vigorous, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.50-0.88]; moderate, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.32-0.75]; light, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66-0.89]). Individuals who started PA after receiving the PD diagnosis had a lower mortality rate than those who remained physically inactive (HRs: vigorous, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.70-0.97]; moderate, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.57-0.83]; light, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.78-0.98]).This analysis found a dose-response association between PA and all-cause mortality in PD. Reverse causality may exist, and future prospective randomized clinical trials are warranted to determine the effect of PA on mortality in PD.
TCT-236 Short- and Mid-Term Clinical Outcomes of Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair for Tricuspid Regurgitation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Sayed, Ahmed Awad, Nahla El-Shahat, Kirellos Said, Khaled Moustafa, Ahmad Mahdi, Osama Okasha, Ahmed Souka, Yehia Saleh, Omar Abdelfattah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
The benefit of late readings in patch testing depends both on allergen and patient characteristics
Authors: Susann Forkel, Steffen Schubert, Heinrich Dickel, Michal Gina, Claudia Schröder‐Kraft, Dieter Vieluf, Richard Brans, Burkhard Kreft, Gerda Wurpts, Johannes Geier, Timo Buhl
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Patch test (PT) readings are recommended after 48 h and 72 h (D3). An additional day 7 (D7) reading has been suggested by some, although data on efficient patient selection are scarce. We investigated positive D7 reactions regarding (i) allergens in the baseline series and additional PT series of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) and (ii) characteristics of the patients tested.Retrospective, multicentre analysis of 190 allergens derived from 17 DKG test series in 4687 patients with an additional D7 reading. Patients were patch tested with the baseline series and additional series, if required. Occurrence of novel D7 reactions as well as increasing skin reactions from D3 to D7 was analysed separately.Depending on the allergen tested, waiving D7 readings would have missed 4.4-26.8% of positive PT results. Patch test series with the highest number of novel D7 reactions were baseline series, metal series, and leather/shoe series. New positive reactions on D7 were associated with age over 50 years and with a negative irritant control containing sodium lauryl sulphate. Of note, application of the PT allergens for 48 h instead of 24 h was positively associated with late PT reactions.Within the most frequently tested allergens, without late readings, on average 11.7% of sensitizations would have been missed. Novel late reacting allergens were identified. This study comprehensively dissects patient-, allergen- and test-dependent parameters in support for D7 readings. We propose to always consider late readings individually based on effort-benefit considerations.
Bidirectional brain–gut axis effects influence mood and prognosis in IBD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Keeley M Fairbrass, Jessica Lovatt, Brigida Barberio, Yuhong Yuan, David J Gracie, Alexander C Ford
Journal: Gut (2021)

Objective The role of the brain–gut axis is of increasing interest in IBD, as the link between common mental disorders and GI inflammation may be bidirectional. We performed a systematic review examining these issues. Design We searched EMBASE Classic and EMBASE, Medline, and APA PsychInfo (to 11 July 2021) for longitudinal follow-up studies examining effect of symptoms of anxiety or depression on subsequent adverse outcomes in IBD, or effect of active IBD on subsequent development of symptoms of anxiety or depression. We pooled relative risks (RRs) and HRs with 95% CIs for adverse outcomes (flare, escalation of therapy, hospitalisation, emergency department attendance, surgery or a composite of any of these) according to presence of symptoms of anxiety or depression at baseline, or RRs and HRs with 95% CIs for new onset of symptoms of anxiety or depression according to presence of active IBD at baseline. Results We included 12 separate studies, recruiting 9192 patients. All 12 studies examined brain-to-gut effects. Anxiety at baseline was associated with significantly higher risks of escalation of therapy (RR=1.68; 95% CI 1.18 to 2.40), hospitalisation (RR=1.72; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.95), emergency department attendance (RR=1.30; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.39), or a composite of any adverse outcome. Depression at baseline was associated with higher risks of flare (RR=1.60; 95% CI 1.21 to 2.12), escalation of therapy (RR=1.41; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.84), hospitalisation (RR=1.35; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.57), emergency department attendance (RR=1.38; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.56), surgery (RR=1.63; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.22) or a composite of any of these. Three studies examined gut-to-brain effects. Active disease at baseline was associated with future development of anxiety or depression (RR=2.24; 95% CI 1.25 to 4.01 and RR=1.49; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.98, respectively). Conclusion Bidirectional effects of the brain–gut axis are present in IBD and may influence both the natural history of the disease and psychological health.