tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects on myocardial contractility of blood-borne material released from the feline small intestine in simulated shock.
Authors: OLundgren, UHaglund, OIsaksson, TAbe
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

There is a pronounced derangement in cardiovascular function in the cat after a 2- or 3-hour period during which shock is simulated in the small intestine by regional hypotension (BP = 30-35 mm Hg) during activation of vasoconstrictor nerve fibers. It has been proposed that these effects are caused by blood-borne cardiode-pressant substance(s) released from the shocked small intestine. To obtain further evidence for this hypothesis we performed a study on two heart preparations in vitro. Rabbit papillary muscles or isolated beating rat hearts were exposed to intestinal venous plasma obtained from control cats and from cats subjected to simulated intestinal shock for 2 or 3 hours. while control plasma induced only a slight depression of myocardial contractility, plasma from shocked intestine caused a significant decrease in peak isometric tension of the papillary muscles or a fall in systolic pressure of the rat hearts. Since the experiments on papillary muscle indicated that time to peak tension was l...
Contrasting effects of digitalis and dobutamine on baroreflex sympathetic control in normal humans.
Authors: H PSchobel, R MOren, P JRoach, A LMark, D WFerguson
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDDigitalis glycosides augment cardiopulmonary baroreceptor mechanisms in animals. This could result from inotropic actions or from direct sensitization of cardiac mechanoreceptors.METHODS AND RESULTSTo determine if digitalis has similar actions in humans and to evaluate the mechanisms involved, we measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography) during unloading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors with incremental lower body negative pressure (LBNP; 0 to -15 mm Hg) and during the cold pressor test in 22 normal subjects (age 22 +/- 1 year, mean +/- SEM). Arterial and central venous pressures, heart rate, and MSNA were measured during LBNP before and after intravenous digitalis (Cedilanid 0.02 ng/kg, n = 8), dobutamine (2.8 +/- 0.5 micrograms/kg/min, n = 8), or placebo (n = 6). Digitalis and dobutamine produced similar increases in baseline mean arterial pressure and decreases in central venous pressure and MSNA. LBNP produced similar decreases in central venous pressure in all grou...
Impedance plethysmography: the relationship between venous filling and sensitivity and specificity for proximal vein thrombosis.
Authors: RHull, D WTaylor, JHirsh, D LSackett, PPowers, A GTurpie, IWalker
Journal: Circulation (1978)

We investigated the hypothesis that the diagnostic accuracy of impedance plethysmography (IPG) for thrombosis of the popliteal or more proximal veins increases with enhanced venous filling. Venous filling was increased by prolonging cuff occlusion and by sequential testing. IPG and vengography were performed on 169 legs with and 317 legs without proximal vein thrombosis. The sensitivity and specificity of IPG rose significantly with increased venous filling. Changes in venous filling were associated with corresponding changes in emptying in normal legs, but not those with proximal vein thrombosis, so that the regression lines relating venous filling and emptying in normal and abnormal legs diverged significantly (P less than 0.001). If the IPG sequence had been terminated after only a single 45 second occlusion time test, sensitivity would have deteriorated by 10% and specificity by 20%. These observations indicate that the accuracy of IPG can be significantly enhanced if optimal venous filling is obtained.
Brain ouabain and central effects of dietary sodium in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: B SHuang, F HLeenen
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

High sodium intake (HNa) increases brain ouabainlike activity (OLA) in rats. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), HNa exaggerates development of hypertension and pressor and sympathoexcitatory responses to stress. To investigate whether dietary sodium-induced changes in brain OLA play a functional role, responses of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) to intracerebroventricular ouabain and to mental stress and intracerebroventricular alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist guanabenz alone or preceded by intracerebroventricular ouabain were recorded in conscious SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats maintained from 4 to 8 weeks of age on different sodium diets: 1) low sodium intake (LNa, 17 mumol), 2) normal sodium intake (NNa, 101 mumol), and 3) HNa (1,370 mumol). SHR on NNa showed significantly higher MAP and RSNA compared with WKY rats on NNa. HNa or LNa significantly increased or decreased MAP but had no effects on resting RSNA in SHR and had no effects on res...
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in People With Diabetes Mellitus: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association
Authors: John B. Buse, Michael P. Pignone
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We believe that the currently available evidence is insufficient to determine whether aspirin is more, equally, or less effective in people with diabetes as compared to those without diabetes. In their letter, Nicolucci et al. (1) correctly point out that the recommendation statement was not the product of a new systematic …
Experts call on government to “stand up for science” over potential £2bn budget cut
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Major cuts to science funding in the UK could undo years of progress and force researchers to abandon life saving projects, experts have told the government.

The warning comes as the government has refused to rule out forcing UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)—which directs science funding—to pick up the £2bn (€2.4bn; $2.8bn) bill for continued participation in the EU’s research programme Horizon Europe.

The UK’s continued membership was agreed as part of the Brexit deal, but the funding was previously covered as part of the UK’s overall contribution to the EU, rather than through the science budget. If UKRI has to cover this cost, it …
Antithrombotic therapy for deep arterial injury by angioplasty. Efficacy of common platelet inhibition compared with thrombin inhibition in pigs.
Authors: J YLam, J HChesebro, P MSteele, MHeras, M WWebster, LBadimon, VFuster
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDPlatelet-thrombus formation is a complication of arterial wall deep injury by balloon angioplasty that may lead to acute arterial occlusion and may contribute to restenosis.METHODS AND RESULTSBecause common platelet-inhibitor drugs with a heparin bolus (100 units/kg) may be effective in inhibiting platelet-thrombus formation after arterial angioplasty, these were compared with a bolus of heparin alone (control), the specific thrombin inhibitor hirudin (1.0 mg/kg), and saline (hirudin control) in normal pigs after angioplasty of the common carotid arteries. In the presence of deep arterial wall injury (injury exposing the media), indium-111-labeled platelet deposition (x 10(6)/cm2) was 68.8 +/- 12.3 and 48.1 +/- 16.9 in the control animals. This was significantly reduced by pretreatment with low-dose aspirin (1 mg/kg/day), by high-dose aspirin (20 mg/kg/day) plus dipyridamole, and especially by thrombin inhibition with hirudin. Treatment regimens with aspirin alone (20 mg/kg/day), dipyridamole al...
Coronary vasodilation after a single ventricular extra-activation in the conscious dog.
Authors: G GSchwartz, P AMcHale, J CGreenfield
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

This study was undertaken to determine if coronary blood flow can be regulated in response to a transient increase in cardiac metabolic demand. Eight conscious dogs with experimentally produced complete heart block, a chronically implanted electromagnetic flow probe on the left circumflex coronary artery, and fluid-filled catheters for measurement of left ventricular and aortic pressures were studied. At a paced heart rate of 60 beats/min, a single ventricular extra-stimulus was introduced with a delay of 150-200 msec from the preceding R-wave. The extra-stimulus produced a ventricular extra-activation, but not a discrete mechanical extra-systole. The ensuing beats exhibited systolic potentiation, manifest by a 50 +/- 8% increase from control in maximum left ventricular dp/dt in the first potentiated beat, presumably accompanied by increased myocardial oxygen demand. In the diastole immediately following the first potentiated systole, the coronary vascular resistance index (mean aortic pressure/mean coron...
The effects of nifedipine on acute experimental myocardial ischemia and infarction in dogs.
Authors: A PSelwyn, EWelman, KFox, PHorlock, TPratt, MKlein
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We studied 25 anesthetized and thoracotamized dogs before and during 5 hours of acute regional myocardial ischemia. Krypton-81m (81mKr) was infused constantly into the aortic sinuses. The myocardial equilibrium of this tracer was used to image and assess the distribution of regional myocardial perfusion using a gamma camera and digital computer. The epicardial ECG was recorded, S-T segment elevation and the loss of R and appearance of Q waves were measured, and the plasma activity of creatine kinase (CK) was determined in aortic and coronary venous blood throughout these experiments. Ten dogs underwent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) narrowing for 5 hours and received no drugs. Five dogs received nifedipine 13 microgram/kg, and another five received 1.0 microgram/kg intravenously 30 minutes after LAD narrowing. Those dogs receiving nifedipine, 13 microgram/kg, showed a 30% fall in aortic pressure, a 12% rise in heart rate, and an extension of regional ischemia. The ECG showed an extension o...
Pirfenidone in patients with progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (RELIEF): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial
Authors: Jürgen Behr, Antje Prasse, Michael Kreuter, Johannes Johow, Klaus F Rabe, Francesco Bonella, Reiner Bonnet, Christian Grohe, Matthias Held, Heinrike Wilkens, Peter Hammerl, Dirk Koschel, Stefan Blaas, Hubert Wirtz, Joachim H Ficker, Wolfgang Neumeister, Nicolas Schönfeld, Martin Claussen, Nikolaus Kneidinger, Marion Frankenberger, Simone Hummler, Nicolas Kahn, Silke Tello, Julia Freise, Tobias Welte, Petra Neuser, Andreas Günther, Jürgen Behr, Michael Kreuter, Johannes Johow, Klaus F Rabe, Francesco Bonella, Reiner Bonnet, Christian Grohe, Matthias Held, Heinrike Wilkens, Peter Hammerl, Dirk Koschel, Stefan Blaas, Hubert Wirtz, Joachim H Ficker, Wolfgang Neumeister, Nicolaus Schönfeld, Martin Claussen, Nikolaus Kneidinger, Marion Frankenberger, Simone Hummler, Nicolas Kahn, Silke Tello, Julia Freise, Tobias Welte, Petra Neuser, Andreas Günther, Carmen Schade-Brittinger, Behnaz Aminossadati, Christian Nasemann, Soraya Yahiaoui, Christoph Dupuy Backofen, Maik Hahmann, Michael Wittenberg, Fotis Drakopanagiotakis, Daniel von der Beck, Stefanie Ghofrani, Sabine Heinemann, Ekaterina Krauss, Hella Rethorn, Andrea Koch, Gabriela Leuschner, Sandhya Matthes, Claus Neurohr, Tobias Veit, Katrin Milger-Kneidinger, Felix Herth, Julia Benstz, Simone Hummler, Thomas Bahmer, Heike Biller, Benjamin Waschki, Rosa-Marie Apel, Ulrich Costabel, Eva Börner, Thomas Wessendorf, Margret Arnrich, Lacramioara Ilie, Alexandra Wald, Hans-Jürgen Seyfarth, Christian Reinhardt, Atif Cinar, Markus Vogler, Siegfried Matthias Huhn, Jaqueline Richter, Ulrich Neff, Torsten Gerriet Blum, Silvan Vesenbeckh, Christian Boch, Hannes Semper, Andreas Wilke, Michael Pfeifer, Annette Schweda, Angelika Krill, Christian Lensch, Franziska Joa, Barbara Schröder, Annabel Plaßmeier, Stefan Baron, Klaus Peter Froehling, Benjamin Waschki
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)
Endocardial activation of left bundle branch block.
Authors: J AVassallo, D MCassidy, F EMarchlinski, A EBuxton, H LWaxman, J UDoherty, M EJosephson
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Endocardial catheter mapping was performed in 18 patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB). Four patients had no organic heart disease (group I), six had cardiomyopathy (group II), and eight had coronary artery disease and previous infarction (group III). Twelve patients had one septal site of left ventricular endocardial breakthrough, while six had two left ventricular endocardial breakthrough sites, with one site always being septal. There was no significant difference among the groups with respect to time of left ventricular breakthrough (group I, 44 msec after the onset of the QRS complex; group II, 58 msec; and group III, 51 msec). Total left ventricular endocardial activation time was significantly longer in group III (119 msec) than group I (81 msec; p less than .05) and group II (61 msec; p less than .001). Duration of total right ventricular endocardial activation was 36 msec (seven patients). The final site of right ventricular activation was at 44 msec after the onset of the QRS complex. We...
Alterations in elastin and collagen related to the mechanism of progressive pulmonary venous obstruction in a piglet model. A hemodynamic, ultrastructural, and biochemical study.
Authors: J ILaBourene, J GColes, D JJohnson, AMehra, F WKeeley, MRabinovitch
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We created an animal model to understand better the pathogenesis and underlying mechanism of progressive central pulmonary venous (PV) obstruction, a condition not amenable to current therapy. Twenty piglets underwent banding of their PVs, 18 had a sham operation, and 12 were nonoperated controls. After 1, 3, and 6 weeks hemodynamic data were obtained and correlated with ventricular weights, PV and pulmonary artery (PA) distensibilities (at 1 week), morphometric structural and ultrastructural analyses, and biochemical assessment of elastin determined gravimetrically (and by desmosine level at 1 week), collagen, and elastase activity. At 1 week, PV banding was associated with increased PV compliance (p less than 0.05). At 3 weeks, an increased PA pressure (Ppa) (p less than 0.05) was observed, unaccompanied by a rise in PV pressure (Pcw). In the PV, however, there was breakdown of the internal elastic lamina with apparent migration of smooth muscle cells from media to subendothelium. At 6 weeks, a rise in ...
Abolition of ischemic response to atrial pacing following aortocoronary bypass surgery.
Authors: B IJugdutt, S JLee, R FTaylor
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To determine the effect of successful aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACBS) on left ventricular (LV) function, the ischemic response to right atrial pacing (RAP) was studied in 22 angina patients before and 3.8 +/- 1.1 months after surgery. All patients were free of angina after ACBS and had at least one patent graft. Before ACBS, RAP induced angina in 15 patients (Group 1) but not in 7 patients (Group 2). After ACBS, no patient had angina with RAP despite the increased maximum rate of pacing. Post-pacing LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) after ACBS decreased in Group 1 from 25 +/- 6 to 15 +/- 6 mm Hg (P less than 0.01), but not in Group 2. Changes in ejection fraction, cardiac output, resting LVEDP, or LVEDP after LV angiography were not significant in either group and were therefore not useful in evaluating the result of ACBS. However the ischemic response to right atrial pacing was abolished by successful aortocoronary bypass surgery, suggesting improved myocardial perfusion during stress.
Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation by visible light-activated psoralen.
Authors: B ESumpio, GLi, L IDeckelbaum, F PGasparro
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) activated with visible light (419 nm) on the suppression of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in vitro. We hypothesize that if visible light (VL) instead of UVA is used to photoactivate 8-MOP, cytotoxic 8-MOP-DNA cross-link formation can be minimized. Bovine aorta SMCs (2 x 10(4)/cm2) were incubated with 8-MOP (1 micrograms/mL) for 30 minutes (in the dark) and exposed to a range of VL (2 to 69 J/cm2) to determine the dose of VL that inhibits SMC proliferation with minimal toxicity. The results show that 8-MOP in combination with 2 to 12 J/cm2 VL reversibly inhibited SMC proliferation for up to 5 days after treatment. SMC viability was confirmed by trypan blue exclusion. 8-MOP in combination with 23- or 69-J/cm2 VL irreversibly inhibited SMC proliferation. In cell cycle studies, 12-J/cm2 VL was used to activate 8-MOP. A phase-specific G2 blockade that correlated temporally with recovery of SMC replication was observed. ...
Endoscopic Closure of Benign Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula using Novel Atrial Septal Defect Occluder Device
Authors: A Bapaye, B Pawar, A Gandhi, M Borkar, H Bapaye
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Introduction Surgery is standard for closure of tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF). Video demonstrates successful endoscopic closure of TEF using atrial septal defect (ASD) Occluder device.
Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: a direct measurement with ultrasound imaging.
Authors: PPignoli, ETremoli, APoli, POreste, RPaoletti
Journal: Circulation (1986)

A study in vitro of specimens of human aortic and common carotid arteries was carried out to determine the feasibility of direct measurement (i.e., not from residual lumen) of arterial wall thickness with B mode real-time imaging. Measurements in vivo by the same technique were also obtained from common carotid arteries of 10 young normal male subjects. Aortic samples were classified as class A (relatively normal) or class B (with one or more atherosclerotic plaques). In all class A and 85% of class B arterial samples a characteristic B mode image composed of two parallel echogenic lines separated by a hypoechoic space was found. The distance between the two lines (B mode image of intimal + medial thickness) was measured and correlated with the thickness of different combinations of tunicae evaluated by gross and microscopic examination. On the basis of these findings and the results of dissection experiments on the intima and adventitia we concluded that results of B mode imaging of intimal + medial thic...
The effect of coronary inflow pressure on coronary vascular resistance in the isolated dog heart.
Authors: F LHanley, L MMessina, M TGrattan, I EHoffman
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The shape of the coronary arterial pressure-flow relationship results from the interaction of a number of poorly understood physiological factors. Experiments in which coronary inflow and outflow pressures were coupled so that driving pressure was held constant showed that changes in inflow or outflow pressures altered coronary blood flow: coronary vascular resistance varied inversely with changes inflow pressure below 50 mm Hg and with changes in outflow pressure below 80 mm Hg. The magnitude of the influence of inflow pressure on resistance also depended on the fixed level of outflow pressure, the influence being large when the outflow pressure was low, and small when it was high. Inflow and outflow pressures, then, are two physiological factors which are determinants of the shape of the pressure-flow relationship, and their interaction contributes to the degree of curvature found in a particular relationship. These findings suggest that the use of linear regression in the interpretation of pressure-flo...
Oral contraceptive use and fasting triglyceride, plasma cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
Authors: C HHennekens, D AEvans, W PCastelli, J OTaylor, BRosner, E HKass
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Fasting plasma triglyceride, plasma cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were studied for 190 white women, ages 21--39 years, who were classified according to their oral contraceptive (OC) usage patterns at two community surveys, 3 years apart. The mean level of fasting triglyceride was higher among current OC users (95 mg/100 ml) than among nonusers (73 mg/100 ml) (p = 0.002). After adjustment for the possible confounding effects of age, weight, current cigarette smoking and fasting glucose level, current OC users still had a mean plasma triglyceride level 19 mg/100 ml higher than that of nonusers (p = 0.007). Current OC users also appeared to have somewhat higher levels of total cholesterol which were of borderline significance in crude and adjusted analyses. There was a nonsignificant inverse relationship of OC use with HDL cholesterol levels. Past use did not affect these results, indicating that the OC-induced lipid changes were reversible.
Pericardial modulation of right and left ventricular diastolic interaction.
Authors: JSpadaro, O HBing, W HGaasch, R MWeintraub
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We studied the effects of the right ventricle (RV) and pericardium on left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure-volume (P-V) relations in the normothermic isolated blood-perfused dog heart. Studies were performed at a constant heart rate (atrial pacing at 120 beats/min) with a coronary perfusion pressure of 100 mm Hg. LV volume was directly controlled by an intraventricular balloon, whereas RV filling pressure was increased stepwise from zero to 20 mm Hg. During progressive increases in RV filling pressure, with the pericardium intact, the LV diastolic P-V relations were shifted up and to the left; this leftward shift of the LV diastolic P-V relation was associated with an increase in the modulus of LV chamber stiffness. Closing the small pericardial incisions with sutures significantly increased this effect. In the absence of the pericardium, progressive filling of the RV resulted in minor changes in LV diastolic P-V relations. Only when the RV filling pressure was markedly elevated (20 mm Hg) was there a...
Emergencies of General Practice.
Journal: JAMA (1910)

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