tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Meaning of Recovery to Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Fateme Rajabiyazdi, Roshni Alam, Aditya Pal, Joel Montanez, Susan Law, Nicolò Pecorelli, Yusuke Watanabe, Luciana D. Chiavegato, Massimo Falconi, Satoshi Hirano, Nancy E. Mayo, Lawrence Lee, Liane S. Feldman, Julio F. Fiore
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Postoperative recovery is difficult to define or measure. Research addressing interventions aimed to improve recovery after abdominal surgery often focuses on measures such as duration of hospital stay and complication rates. Although these clinical parameters are relevant, understanding patients' perspectives regarding postoperative recovery is fundamental to guiding patient-centered care. <h3>Objective</h3> To elucidate the meaning of recovery from the perspective of patients undergoing abdominal surgery. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This international qualitative study involved semistructured interviews with patients recovering from abdominal surgery from October 2016 to November 2018 in tertiary hospitals in 4 countries (Canada, Italy, Brazil, and Japan). A purposive maximal variation sampling method was used to ensure the recruitment of patients with varying demographic, clinical, and surgical characteristics. Data on race were not collected. Each interview lasted between 1 and 2 hours. Interviews were recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were then analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Data analysis was conducted from July 2019 to September 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The qualitative analysis revealed themes reflecting the meaning of recovery from the perspective of patients undergoing abdominal surgery. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty patients recovering from abdominal surgery were interviewed (15 [50%] female; mean [SD] age, 57 [18] years; 10 [33%] underwent major surgery; 16 [53%] underwent laparoscopic surgery). The interviews revealed that for patients undergoing abdominal surgery, the meaning of recovery embodied 5 overarching themes: (1) returning to habits and routines, (2) resolution of symptoms, (3) overcoming mental strains, (4) regaining independence, and (5) enjoying life. Themes associating the meaning of recovery to traditional parameters, such as earlier hospital discharge or absence of complications, were not identified in the interviews. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This qualitative study suggests that the meaning of recovery from the perspective of patients undergoing abdominal surgery goes beyond traditional clinical parameters. The elements of recovery identified in this study should be taken into account in patient-surgeon discussions about recovery and when developing patient-centered strategies to improve postoperative outcomes.
Abstract 14321: Administration of Laminin511 Combined With Prostacyclin Agonist Enhances Endogenous Stem Cell Recruitment in Acute Myocardial Infarction Model Rat
Authors: Nagako Sougawa, Shigeru Miyagawa, Akima Harada, Noriko Oda-Mochizuki, Ryoko Sato-Nishiuchi, Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Backgroud: Although treatment by endogenous stem cell recruitment is one of the promising therapeutic options for the damaged tissues, the therapeutic efficacy is not enough to repair the severely damaged heart. How to enhance migration of stem cells to injured site and confine them there may be key point to improve the therapeutic effects. In this study, we hypothesized that combined strategy of prostacyclin agonist (ONO1301), which is enhancer in stem cell recruitment, and laminin (LM) 511 as stem cell bed may enhance regeneration processes in failed heart. Methods and Results: To examine the therapeutic effect of ONO1301 and LM511, we administrated ONO1301 and LM511 immersed collagen sheet (Combination group), only LM511 immersed collagen sheet (LM group), only ONO1301 immersed collagen sheet (ONO group), and PBS immersed collagen sheet (control) to rat acute infarction model. Four weeks later, qPCR analysis and histological analysis revealed that the expression of cytokines related to cell migration or angiogenesis were significantly higher in the combination group as compared to the other groups. The number of mesenchymal stem cell (PDGFRα and CD90 double positive cells) tended to be higher in the combination group compared to the other groups (combination: 388 ± 7 cells/mm 2 , LM: 292 ± 34 cells/mm 2 , ONO: 216 ± 30 cells/mm 2 , control: 160 ± 34 cells/mm 2 ). In addition, the number of matured arterioles which have both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells was markedly higher in the combination group compared to the control group (combination: 616 ± 44 cells/mm 2 , control: 226 ± 60cells/mm 2 ; p &lt; 0.05). In addition, infarct size was remarkably reduced in the combination group than the other groups (combination: 11.5 ± 0.1%, LM: 14.8 ± 0.8%, ONO: 23.6 ± 2.9%, control: 29.2 ± 2.0%). Ultrasonographically, ejection fraction significantly improved in the combination group compared to the other groups (combination: 55.0 ± 0.9%, LM: 51.6 ± 1.4%, ONO: 46.9 ± 1.4%, control: 43.5 ± 2.9%). Conclusion: The combined administration of LM511 and ONO1301 promotes arteriogenesis by enhanced endogenous repair with declined infarct size and improved cardiac function in rat acute myocardial infarction model, proposing new therapeutic strategy for ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Abstract 9797: Feasibility of Coronary Angiogram-based Computational Modelling of Fractional Flow Reserve in Everyday Practice
Authors: Hazel Arfah Preston, Samuel Stroud, Katherine Lal, Rebecca Gosling, Paul Morris, Pat Lawford, David R Hose, Julian Gunn
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Novel methods of computing the myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) from angiographic images have been developed, and in study settings exhibit reasonable accuracy against measure...
Global genomic pathogen surveillance to inform vaccine strategies: a decade-long expedition in pneumococcal genomics
Authors: Stephen D. Bentley, Stephanie W. Lo
Journal: Genome Medicine (2021)

Vaccines are powerful agents in infectious disease prevention but often designed to protect against some strains that are most likely to spread and cause diseases. Most vaccines do not succeed in eradicating the pathogen and thus allow the potential emergence of vaccine evading strains. As with most evolutionary processes, being able to capture all variations across the entire genome gives us the best chance of monitoring and understanding the processes of vaccine evasion. Genomics is being widely adopted as the optimum approach for pathogen surveillance with the potential for early and precise identification of high-risk strains. Given sufficient longitudinal data, genomics also has the potential to forecast the emergence of such strains enabling immediate or pre-emptive intervention. In this review, we consider the strengths and challenges for pathogen genomic surveillance using the experience of the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing (GPS) project as an early example. We highlight the multifaceted nature of genome data and recent advances in genome-based tools to extract useful information relevant to inform vaccine strategies and treatment options. We conclude with future perspectives for genomic pathogen surveillance.
Aspirin versus clopidogrel for chronic maintenance monotherapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (HOST-EXAM): an investigator-initiated, prospective, randomised, open-label, multicentre trial
Authors: Bon-Kwon Koo, Jeehoon Kang, Kyung Woo Park, Tae-Min Rhee, Han-Mo Yang, Ki-Bum Won, Seung-Woon Rha, Jang-Whan Bae, Nam Ho Lee, Seung-Ho Hur, Junghan Yoon, Tae-Ho Park, Bum Soo Kim, Sang Wook Lim, Yoon Haeng Cho, Dong Woon Jeon, Sang-Hyun Kim, Jung-Kyu Han, Eun-Seok Shin, Hyo-Soo Kim, Bon-Kwon Koo, Jeehoon Kang, Kyung Woo Park, Tae-Min Rhee, Heesun Lee, Han-Mo Yang, Ki-Bum Won, Seung-Woon Rha, Jang-Whan Bae, Nam Ho Lee, Seung-Ho Hur, Junghan Yoon, Tae-Ho Park, Bum Soo Kim, Sang Wook Lim, Yoon Haeng Cho, Dong Woon Jeon, Sang-Hyun Kim, Jung-Kyu Han, Eun-Seok Shin, Hyo-Soo Kim, Kyoo-Rok Han, Keon-Woong Moon, Seok Kyu Oh, Ung Kim, Moo-Yong Rhee, Doo-Il Kim, Song-Yi Kim, Sung-Yun Lee, Seung Uk Lee, Sang-Wook Kim, Seok Yeon Kim, Hui-Kyung Jeon, Kwang Soo Cha, Sang-Ho Jo, Jae Kean Ryu, Il-Woo Suh, Hyun-Hee Choi, Seoung-Il Woo, In-Ho Chae, Won-Yong Shin, Dae-Kyeong Kim, Ju Hyeon Oh, Myung Ho Jeong, Yong Hoon Kim
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
Efficacy and Safety of Intrathecal Pemetrexed Combined With Dexamethasone for Treating Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Failed Leptomeningeal Metastases From EGFR-Mutant NSCLC—a Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Arm Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial (Unique Identifier: ChiCTR1800016615)
Authors: Chengjuan Fan, Qiuyu Zhao, Li Li, Weixi Shen, Yang Du, Chong Teng, Feng Gao, Xiaowei Song, Qiuying Jiang, Dayong Huang, Yinghua Jin, Yanju Lv, Lingxiao Wei, Tengfei Shi, Xue Zhao, Naisheng Gao, Zhengjun Jiang, Tao Xin
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Abstract 12686: In-hospital Outcomes of Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation and Concomitant Valvular Surgery
Authors: Yujiro Yokoyama, Toshiki Kuno, Hiroki Ueyama, Suchith Shetty, Aaqib Malik, Alexandros BRIASOULIS
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Valvular heart disease is common among Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) recipients. However, its management at the time of LVAD implantation remains controversial. We sought to investigate and compare in-hospital outcomes of concomitant valvular surgery at the time of LVAD implantation. Methods: Patients who underwent LVAD implantation and concomitant aortic (AVR), mitral (MVR) or tricuspid valve (TVR) repair or replacement between 2010 and 2017 were identified using the national inpatient sample (NIS) in the US. Endpoints were in-hospital outcomes, length of stay and cost. Procedure-related complications were identified via ICD-9 and ICD-10 coding and analysis was performed via mixed effect models. Results: A total of 25,171 weighted adults underwent LVAD implantation without valvular surgery, 1,329 had isolated TVR, 1,021 AVR, 377 MVR and 615 had combined valvular surgery (411 had TVR+AVR, 115 TVR+MVR, 62 AVR+MVR, 25 AVR+MVR+TVR). During the study period, rates of AVR decreased and combined valvular surgeries increased. Patients who underwent TVR had overall higher burden of comorbidities than LVAD recipients with or without other valvular procedures. Post-operative bleeding was more frequent among those who underwent AVR whereas acute kidney injury requiring dialysis was higher among those who underwent TVR or combined valvular surgery. In-hospital mortality was higher among those who underwent AVR, MVR or combined surgery without differences in the rates of stroke among groups (Table 1). Length of stay did not differ significantly among groups but cost of hospitalization and non-routine discharge rates were higher for cases of TVR and combined surgery. Conclusion: Approximately one in nine LVAD recipients underwent concomitant valvular surgery and TVR was the most frequently performed procedure. In-hospital mortality and cost were lower among those who did not undergo valvular surgery.
Abstract 16899: Sex Differences in Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Malini Nadadur, Rikin Tank, Cheng Chen, Anne ICHIUJI, Yuh-Jer A Shen, Ming Sum Lee, Bryan Lin
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: There are important sex differences in the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is understudied in women, despite it being the leading cause of mortality. The goal of this study is to report sex differences in clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes in young patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study that included patients ages 18 to 40 hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction between 2006 and 2016 in Kaiser Permanente Southern California, a large integrated healthcare system. Differences in demographics, clinical characteristics, and management were examined between men and women. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between sex and mortality. Results: Between 2006 and 2016, a total of 26,390 patients were hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and underwent coronary catheterization. In this cohort, 603 patients were young adults between age 18 to 40, of whom 144 (24%) were women. Women were more likely to be black. There were no significant sex differences in the prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, heart failure and renal failure. There was a higher prevalence of obesity in women. Women were more likely to have no obstructive disease on coronary angiogram (43.4% vs. 33.2%, p=0.03). Treatment with percutaneous coronary intervention was less likely in women (38.2% vs. 56.2%, p&lt;0.001). Mortality was low for both women and men during index hospitalization (0.7% vs 0.9%, p=0.84) and at one year (1.4% vs. 1.5%, p=0.91), with no significant differences (adjusted HR 1.3, 95% CI 0.5-3.1). Conclusions: Compared to young men, young women presenting with acute myocardial infarction as less likely to have obstructive coronary artery disease. Mortality rates for both men and women were low, with no significant differences observed.
Why Are Randomization and Placebos Included in Many Cancer Trials?
Authors: Howard (Jack) West, Abdul Rafeh Naqash
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

What Are Randomization and Placebo in Clinical Trials?People often find it challenging to understand certain aspects of clinical trial research and design.One of these is randomization, when trial participants are randomly assigned to 1 treatment among 2 or more options.A second is that the study may include a placebo, an inactive version of a medication that is given to mimic the process of receiving active medication.Why are they a part of clinical trials?Randomization: Eliminating Multiple Forms of Bias
Prognostic value of DAXX/ATRX loss of expression and ALT activation in PanNETs: is it time for clinical implementation?
Authors: Ilaria Marinoni
Journal: Gut (2021)

The reasons for this different behaviour are not clear yet, additional mutations may take over during the progression or different response to treatments may play a role.Indeed, ALT positive tumours showed highcopy number variation (CNV), which may results in a more sensitivity to specific therapies.Additional investigations in this respect are crucial to identify the potential Achille's heels of these tumours.While the role of DAXX/ATRX loss for prognosis is now wildly recognised, it is still to clarify if it could a have a predictive function as well.Currently, in fact, there is no way to select a specific therapy for this subtype of tumours; more studies in this direction are essential.
Abstract MP54: Retail Soda Purchases Decrease And Water Purchases Increase After Six Years Of A Healthy Beverage Campaign
Authors: Marlene B Schwartz, Glenn E Schneider, Ran Xu, Yoon-Young Choi, Abiodun Atoloye, Nicolette Highsmith Vernick, Lawrence J Appel
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Sugary drink consumption is a major risk factor for excess weight gain. In 2013, Howard County, MD launched a multi-component campaign to decrease sugary drink consumption. A previously published difference-in-differences (DID) analysis of supermarket retail beverage sales from 2012 (baseline) to 2015 documented a significant decrease in regular soda and fruit drinks sales in intervention stores compared to matched control stores. The present study extends this evaluation through 2018. Hypothesis: Sugary drink sales will continue to decrease and sales of non-sugary drinks will increase through 2018. Methods: Prior to the intervention, a retail sales tracking company identified a sample of supermarkets (N=15) in Howard County (Intervention stores) and assessed 52-weeks of top brand sales for each beverage category. These data were used to identify a set of matched Control stores (N=17) in an adjacent state. DID analyses were used to compare the weekly volume sales of each product (brand and package size) within each beverage category in the Intervention and Control stores from baseline (2012) to Year 6 (2018). Models were adjusted for relevant variables, including average price/ounce; average competitor price/ounce; and weekly local temperature. Results: DID analyses identified a significantly larger net decrease in average weekly volume sales of regular soda, fruit drinks, and 100% juice in the Intervention stores compared to the Control stores over six years (p &lt; .001). See Figure for regular soda sales. After 2015, intervention stores also exhibited significant increases in sales of plain bottled water (p &lt; .0001) and carbonated water (p &lt; .001). In contrast, sports drinks, diet soda, and flavored waters did not consistently differ between conditions. Conclusion: A locally implemented, multi-component campaign reduced regular soda and fruit drink sales over six years. Additional efforts to reduce sales of sports drinks are warranted.
State of the Nation’s Cardiovascular Health and Targeting Health Equity in the United States
Authors: Celso L. Diaz, Nilay S. Shah, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Sadiya S. Khan
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US. The burden of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minority groups, who now compose almost 40% of the US population in aggregate. As part of the 2010 American Heart Association (AHA) Strategic Impact Goal, the AHA established 7 cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics (also known as Life's Simple 7) with the goal to improve the CVH of all individuals in the US by 20% by 2020. National estimates of CVH are important to track and monitor at the population level but may mask important differences across and within racial/ethnic minority groups. It is critical to understand how CVH may differ between racial/ethnic minority groups and consider how these differences in CVH may contribute to disparities in cardiovascular disease burden and overall longevity.This narrative review summarizes the available literature on individual CVH metrics and composite CVH scores across different race/ethnic minority groups (specifically Hispanic/Latino, Asian, and non-Hispanic Black individuals) in the US. Disparities in CVH persist among racial/ethnic groups, but key gaps in knowledge exist, in part, owing to underrepresentation of these racial/ethnic groups in research or misrepresentation of CVH because of aggregation of race/ethnicity subgroups. A comprehensive, multilevel approach is needed to target health equity and should include (1) access to high-quality health care, (2) community-engaged approaches to adapt disruptive health care delivery innovations, (3) equitable economic investment in the social and built environment, and (4) increasing funding for research in racial/ethnic minority populations.Significant differences in CVH exist within racial/ethnic groups. Given the rapid growth of diverse, minority populations in the US, focused investigation is needed to identify strategies to optimize CVH. Opportunities exist to address inequities in CVH and to successfully achieve both the interim (AHA 2024) and longer-term (AHA 2030) Impact Goals in the coming years.
105P A comparative study of cisplatin plus adriamycin compared with cyclophosphamide plus adriamycin in patients with untreated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)
Authors: S. Yaqub, M.A. Khokhar, A. Zafar, A.W. Goraya, Z.A.K. Niazi, S. Ishaq
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
The Addition of Rituximab in Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimens for B-Cell Malignancies Does Not Influence Transplant Outcomes: An Analysis By the EBMT Complications and Quality of Life WP
Authors: Madan Jagasia, Hildegard T. Greinix, Eric Beohou, Steffie van der Werf, Dietger Niederwieser, Ellen Meijer, Patrice Chevallier, Henrik Sengeloev, Didier Blaise, Eefke Petersen, Jan J Cornelissen, Gerhard Ehninger, John G. Gribben, Dolores Caballero, Yves Beguin, Michael J. Hallek, Pavel Jindra, Renato Fanin, Jeremy Delage, Helene Schoemans, Tobias Gedde-Dahl, Kroger Nicolaus, Grzegorz Basak, Rafael F Duarte
Journal: Blood (2017)
SF3B1 as therapeutic target in FLT3/ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Inge van der Werf, Anna Wojtuszkiewicz, Huilan Yao, Rocco Sciarrillo, Manja Meggendorfer, Stephan Hutter, Wencke Walter, Jeroen Janssen, Wolfgang Kern, Claudia Haferlach, Torsten Haferlach, Gerrit Jansen, Gertjan J. L. Kaspers, Richard Groen, Gert Ossenkoppele, Jacqueline Cloos
Journal: Leukemia (2021)

Recently, significant advances have been made in the development of splicing modulators for therapeutic purposes.In this respect, several studies demonstrated that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells carrying spliceosome mutations are preferentially sensitive to Splicing Factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) modulation [1][2][3].Whereas ~15% of AML patients have mutations in this class of genes, disruption of splicing appears to be a global phenomenon in hematological malignancies [4].Therefore, we aim to identify additional patient subgroups which will benefit from these emerging modulators.Towards this goal, we assessed the response to splicing modulation in a set of AML samples with different molecular aberrations.This included both cell lines as well as