tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nano-designed carbon monoxide donor SMA/CORM2 exhibits protective effect against acetaminophen induced liver injury through macrophage reprograming and promoting liver regeneration
Authors: Bingdong Song, Cheng Zhang, Weirong Hu, Chunyu Guo, Zhengmei Xia, Wanxia Hu, Mingqiang Qin, Weiying Jiang, Jinwei Lv, Dexiang Xu, Shichen Zhang, Jun Fang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2021)
Do Depression or Antidepressants Increase Cardiovascular Mortality?: The Absence of Proof Might Be More Important Than the Proof of Absence**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Sanjiv M. Narayan, Murray B. Stein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Xue-Bing Ding, Xin-Xin Wang, Dan-Hao Xia, Han Liu, Hai-Yan Tian, Yu Fu, Yong-Kang Chen, Chi Qin, Jiu-Qi Wang, Zhi Xiang, Zhong-Xian Zhang, Qin-Chen Cao, Wei Wang, Jia-Yi Li, Erxi Wu, Bei-Sha Tang, Ming-Ming Ma, Jun-Fang Teng, Xue-Jing Wang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)
HP0002 Forefoot plantar pressures in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: SJ Otter, CJ Baker, A Young
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Elevated forefoot plantar pressures have been reported in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).<sup>1</sup> However, the temporal measures of plantar pressure have not been reported to date. <h3>Objectives and methods</h3> A computerised foot pressure measurement system (Musgrave Footprint TM) was used to assess plantar pressure variables in 25 subjects with RA of between 5 and 10 years duration and an age/sex matched comparison group. The pressure variables studied were the magnitude and duration of peak plantar pressure. <h3>Results</h3> There were no significant differences in the magnitude of peak pressure between the groups. Whereas the duration of peak pressure was significantly longer in the rheumatoid group (p &gt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Subjects with RA in this study demonstrated marked increases in the temporal parameters of plantar pressure distribution rather than those of amplitude. <h3>Recommendations</h3> The implications for management – using footwear or orthoses; are that temporal, rather than spatial parameters, should be addressed. <h3>Reference</h3> Woodburn J, Helliwell P. Relationship between heel position and distribution of forefoot plantar pressures and skin callosities in RA. Ann Rheum Dis. 1996;55:806–10
David Oliver: Covid shows the need for transparency in prioritising acute care
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2021)

As the covid-19 pandemic has exceeded last spring’s peak, many NHS leaders are warning that the NHS is overwhelmed. What we really mean is that hospitals are overwhelmed—that people who could benefit from admission or treatment may be denied it because there’s no room. In extremis, that may mean battlefield-type triage: deciding who gets to live or die, with intensive care units already running at twice their normal bed base, on borrowed staff and borrowed beds, and with capacity for surgery compromised.

The Medical Protection Society and other medical organisations recently called for emergency legislation to protect doctors from legal action if they have to decide how limited resources are allocated.12 With oxygen delivery systems under pressure and record numbers of patients on non-invasive ventilation, it may prove necessary—as happened in northern Italy last spring—to choose between patients, …
Perceived psychological stress and risk of herpes zoster: a nationwide population‐based cohort study*
Authors: S.A.J. Schmidt, H.T. Sørensen, S.M. Langan, M. Vestergaard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Psychological stress may reduce cellular immunity, but its role in triggering latent infections, including herpes zoster (HZ), is controversial.To examine the association between perceived psychological stress and risk of HZ.In a linked registry-based cohort study, we followed 77 310 persons aged 40 years or older who participated in the 2010 Danish National Health Survey from 1 May 2010 until HZ diagnosis, death, emigration or 1 July 2014, whichever occurred first. We computed hazard ratios (HRs) of HZ associated with Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) score (range 0-40) using Cox regression with age as the timescale, adjusted for sex, immunosuppressive and selected chronic conditions, immunosuppressive drugs, and sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric factors. The PSS measures chronic stress perceived by an individual in response to various demands of daily life. We modelled the PSS score using quintiles and a restricted cubic spline function.The unadjusted rate of HZ varied from 5·53 to 7·20 per 1000 person-years from the lowest to the highest PSS score quintile. Compared with the lowest PSS score quintile, the adjusted HR for HZ was 1·00 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·86-1·16], 1·08 (95% CI 0·92-1·26), 1·05 (95% CI 0·90-1·23) and 1·14 (95% CI 0·97-1·34) for the second to the fifth quintile, respectively. In cubic spline analyses, PSS scores < 20 were not associated with increased HR of HZ, but thereafter the HR increased linearly from 1·10 (95% CI 0·85-1·41) to 2·22 (95% CI 1·32-3·75).Our study indicated that high levels of psychological stress are associated with increased risk of HZ.
The Right to Bear Arms
Authors: Lawrence O Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2010)

IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA V HELLER, THE US SUPREME Court held that individuals have a constitutional right to own firearms, notably to keep a loaded handgun at home for self-protection. The historic shift announced by Heller was the recognition of a personal right rather than a collective right tied to state militias. In McDonald v Chicago, the court, in its familiar 5 to 4 ideological split, held that the Second Amendment applies not only to the federal government but also to state and local gun control laws. In his dissent, Justice Stevens predicted that “the consequences could prove far more destructive to our nation’s communities and constitutional structure.”
Embracing Patient-Centric Endeavors to Improve Operating Room Efficiency
Authors: Alik Farber
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
The efficacy and safety of anlotinib in refractory colorectal cancer: A double-blinded, placebo controlled, randomized phase III ALTER0703 trial.
Authors: Yihebali Chi, Yongqian Shu, Yi Ba, Yuxian Bai, Baoli Qin, Xiuwen Wang, Jianping Xiong, Nong Xu, Helong Zhang, Jianming Xu, Ying Cheng, Jifeng Feng, Chunhong Hu, Yigui Chen, Zhendong Chen, Jufeng Wang, Chenxue Dang, Jianqiang Cai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

65 Background: The efficacy of late line treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is still limited. Antiangiogenic therapy is one of standard treatments in mCRC. Anlotinib is a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, mainly targets VEGFR1-3. This phase III trial was conducted to evaluate anti-tumor efficacy and safety of anlotinib monotherapy in refractory mCRC. Methods: Aged 18 years or older mCRC patients were enrolled in 33 Chinese hospitals. They had received at least 2 lines of chemotherapy based treatments; had ECOG PS 0-1and adequate bone marrow, liver and renal function. Enrolled patients were 2-to-1 randomly assigned into anlotinib or placebo group and stratified by previous VEGF-targeting therapy (y/n) and time from diagnosis to metastases (&lt;/≥18 months). Anlotinib (12 mg/d, oral, d1-14, q3w) or matched placebo was administered plus best supportive care. Primary end point was Overall Survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included Progression Free Survival (PFS), Objective Response Rate (ORR), Disease Control Rate (DCR), safety and quality of life. Results: Between December 2014 and August 2016, 421 patients were enrolled (282 in anlotinib and 137 in placebo group). By the cut-off date (August 31, 2018), the median OS was 8.6 months (95% CI 7.8-9.7) in anlotinib and 7.2 months (6.2-8.8) in placebo without statistical difference (p=0.87; HR=1.02 [0.82-1.27]). The median PFS in anlotinib group (4.1 months; 3.4-4.5) was significantly improved over that in placebo (1.5 months; 1.4-1.5), with a p&lt;0.0001 and a HR of 0.34 (0.27-0.43). Improvements of ORR and DCR were observed in anlotinib over placebo (Table). In subgroup patients with RAS/KRAS/BRAF wildtype, the median OS was statistically prolonged in anlotinib (11.0 months; 8.6-14.1; n=103) than that in placebo (6.7 months; 3.5- 11.1; n=46), HR=0.68 (0.47, 0.99), p=0.043. 52.5% of patients in anlotinib and 19.7% in placebo group experienced grade 3 or above treatment related adverse events (TRAEs). The most common grade ≥3 anlotinib related adverse events were hypertension (20.9%), increased γ-GT (7.1%) and hand-foot syndrome (6.4%), which were recovered by reducing dosage. Only 2 patients in anlotinib group had grade 5 TRAE, which were both hemorrhage. Conclusions: Anlotinib could provide clinical benefits by substantially prolonged PFS with manageable toxicity for Chinese refractory mCRC patients. Although median OS did not reach significant improvement. Those with RAS/KRAS/BRAF wildtype might be the potential patients in anlotinib treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT02332499. [Table: see text]
The many faces of COVID-19: managing uncertainty
Authors: Lloyd I Sederer
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2021)

One of the first things drilled into a medical student's head is called differential diagnosis. A particularly harrowing way this is done is on morning rounds, led by a big-shot attending physician and going from the bedside of one patient to another. The medical student assigned to that patient must do more than deliver a thorough history and offer a diagnosis. They must also recite a differential diagnosis—a catalogue of varied conditions (diagnoses) that might account for the patient's clinical state.
Rhesus and cynomolgus macaque immunoglobulin heavy-chain genotyping yields comprehensive databases of germline VDJ alleles
Authors: Néstor Vázquez Bernat, Martin Corcoran, Izabela Nowak, Mateusz Kaduk, Xaquin Castro Dopico, Sanjana Narang, Pauline Maisonasse, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet, Ben Murrell, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam
Journal: Immunity (2021)

Definition of the specific germline immunoglobulin (Ig) alleles present in an individual is a critical first step to delineate the ontogeny and evolution of antigen-specific antibody responses. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are important animal models for pre-clinical studies, with four main sub-groups being used: Indian- and Chinese-origin rhesus macaques and Mauritian and Indonesian cynomolgus macaques. We applied the (Ig) gene inference tool IgDiscover and performed extensive Sanger sequencing-based genomic validation to define germline VDJ alleles in these 4 sub-groups, comprising 45 macaques in total. There was allelic overlap between Chinese- and Indian-origin rhesus macaques and also between the two macaque species, which is consistent with substantial admixture. The island-restricted Mauritian cynomolgus population displayed the lowest number of alleles of the sub-groups, yet maintained high individual allelic diversity. These comprehensive databases of germline IGH alleles for rhesus and cynomolgus macaques provide a resource toward the study of B cell responses in these important pre-clinical models.
When and How To Use Endoscopic Tattooing in the Colon: An International Delphi Agreement
Authors: Lucía Medina-Prado, Cesare Hassan, Evelien Dekker, Raf Bisschops, Sergio Alfieri, Pradeep Bhandari, Michael J. Bourke, Raquel Bravo, Marco Bustamante-Balen, Jason Dominitz, Monika Ferlitsch, Paul Fockens, Monique van Leerdam, David Lieberman, Maite Herráiz, Charles Kahi, Michal Kaminski, Takahisa Matsuda, Alan Moss, Maria Pellisé, Heiko Pohl, Colin Rees, Douglas K. Rex, Manuel Romero-Simó, Matthew D. Rutter, Prateek Sharma, Aasma Shaukat, Siwan Thomas-Gibson, Roland Valori, Rodrigo Jover
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
THU0058 Apoptosis, sex hormones and adenosine deaminase levels in cultured monocytes (thp-1 cells) and synovial rheumatoid macrophages treated with methotrexate
Authors: ME Cutolo, B Villaggio, A Sulli, A Bisso, C Pizzorni, M Briata, M Grosso, C Prete, L Felli, B Seriolo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Both testosterone (T) and methotrexate (MTX) seem to exert negative effects on cell growth that might partially explain some of their antiproliferative/antiinflammatory effects exerted in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Objectives</h3> Therefore, we evaluated the T and MTX effects on cell apoptosis (apo) in cultured human myeloid monocytic cells (THP-1) differentiating into macrophages (M) and in cultured synovial M obtained from RA patients. Since extracellular adenosine increase seems implicated in the MTX action, we evaluated also the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels. ADA is involved in adenosine metabolism. <h3>Methods</h3> Synovial RA M as well as the THP-1 cells induced to differentiate into M (IFN gamma 500U), were cultured in presence of T (10–8M) and 17-beta estradiol (E2,10–8M) alone. The cells were also treated with the MTX concentrations present <i>in vivo</i> during RA therapy (= 50 microg/ml) again alone, or in association with T plus MTX or E2 plus MTX. After 24 h early and late apo were evaluated by immunofluorescence (annexin V and propidium iodide assay, respectively). ADA was evaluated on supernatants by spectrophotometry. <h3>Results</h3> By considering the THP-1 cells, a significant induction of the late apo in T (17%) (p less 0.05), MTX (80%) alone, and T (72%), E2 (74%) plus MTX-treated cells was observed (all p &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were observed during the early apo for all the treatments during the 24 hr. By evaluating the RA synovial M, a significant (p &lt; 0.001) induction of the late apo (50%) was observed in the T plus MTX-treated M when compared with the alone MTX- or E2-treated M. The treatment of RA M with T alone was found to induce an evident cell apo (30%) (although non significant). ADA levels increased only in the supernatants from all the MTX-treated cells vs MTX-untreated controls, mainly in THP-1 cells. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The T and MTX-induced apoptotic effects were more evident in cultured THP-1 cells than in cultured RA M. Therefore, immature differentiating monocytes (i.e. infiltrating monocytes) seem more sensible to the pharmacologic effects of MTX than differentiated cells (i.e. resident M). The significant increase of ADA levels found only in MTX-treated cells, might support the already suggested implication of adenosine level increase as part of the pharmacologic effects exerted by MTX. <h3>References</h3> Cutolo M, Wilder R. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000;26:825 Cutolo M, et al. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:2551
Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Assessment of Response to Antitubercular Chemotherapy and Identification of Treatment Endpoint in Patients With Tuberculosis of the Joints
Authors: Devansh Goyal, Ravi Shriwastav, Ravi Mittal, Anshul Sharma, Vijay Sharma, Vijay D. Kumar, M.C. Sharma, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Aims The aim of this study was to explore the utility of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of response to antitubercular treatment (ATT) and identification of treatment endpoint. Patients and Methods Forty patients (mean age, 35.3 years; 27 men) with clinically, radiologically, and histopathologically proven joint tuberculosis prospectively underwent clinical, biochemical, and PET/CT evaluation at baseline and after ~6, 12, and 18 months of ATT. Two patients were lost to follow-up, and 1 defaulted treatment. The remaining 37 were followed up until complete response (CR) was achieved. Images were visually and quantitatively (SUV max ratio and metabolically active disease volume [MV]) evaluated by 2 experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Results Knee (n = 18) and ankle (n = 7) were the most frequently involved sites. The median MV and SUV max ratio at baseline were 85.10 mL and 7.21, respectively. Five patients had noncontiguous vertebral involvement, 12 had pulmonary lesions, 2 had abscesses, 6 had mediastinal, and 30 had local lymph nodal involvement. Complete response was seen in 1/39, 11/37, and 30/37 patients after 6, 12, and 18 months of ATT. Significant reductions in visual analog scale score, tenderness, joint swelling, SUV max ratios, and MVs (Friedman test, P &lt; 0.001) were seen after each follow-up. The median time-to-CR in skeletal lesions was significantly longer than extraskeletal lesions (591 vs 409 days; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P &lt; 0.001). Time-to-CR in joint lesions positively correlated with MV at first follow-up (Pearson = 0.452, P = 0.005) and negatively correlated with percentage change in MV (first follow-up from baseline) (Pearson = −0.620, P &lt; 0.001). ROC analysis yielded a cutoff of ≤71% reduction in MV at first follow-up (80.8% sensitivity, 81.8% specificity) to predict extension of ATT beyond 12 months. Using ROC analysis at second follow-up, a cutoff of ≤12.67 mL (for CR) was derived and was validated in patients at the third follow-up, with an accuracy of 84.4%. Patients with CR in PET/CT maintained disease-free state during a mean follow-up of 271 days. Conclusions 18 F-FDG PET/CT is an excellent tool in estimating total disease burden, assessing response to ATT and identification of treatment endpoint in joint tuberculosis.
THU0010 Vitamin d and oestrogen receptor polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Z Szekanecz, P Rass, A Pákozdi, S Sipka, G Szegedi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Genetic polymorphisms, such as the polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and oestrogen receptor (ER) genes play an important role in bone metabolism and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Little is known about the role of VDR and ER gene polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although hormonal factors are highly involved in the evolution of autoimmune disorders. <h3>Objectives</h3> We assessed VDR BsmI, ER XbaI and ER PvuII polymorphisms in 50 RA patients as well as 50 healthy subjects. <h3>Methods</h3> Gene polymorphism was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken from RA patients and healthy controls. After the PCR amplification of DNA isolated from these cells using specific primer pairs, DNA was digested with BsmI, PvuII and XbaI restriction enzymes. B versus b, X versus x and P versus p alleles, as well as homozygote and heterozygote genotypes were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Genotypes were then correlated with the bone density (assessed by DEXA), serum osteocalcin and urinary pyridinolin crosslink concentrations. Disease activity of RA was assessed by ESR and CRP. <h3>Results</h3> There is difference between VDR and ER polymorphisms in RA patients versus controls. A significantly higher percentage of RA patients carry the VDR Bb heterozygote genotype. XbaI and PvuII ER genotypes are also different in RA patients versus controls. There is a correlation between the VDR and ER genotypes, as well as bone density, biochemical markers and laboratory markers of RA activity. <h3>Conclusion</h3> It is likely, that VDR and ER polymorphisms are involved in bone metabolism as well as inflammatory events underlying RA.
Perceptions and Motivations for Uterus Transplant in Transgender Women
Authors: Benjamin P. Jones, Abirami Rajamanoharan, Saaliha Vali, Nicola J. Williams, Srdjan Saso, Meen-Yau Thum, Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami, Isabel Quiroga, Cesar Diaz-Garcia, Philip Thomas, Stephen Wilkinson, Joseph Yazbek, J. Richard Smith
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Uterus transplant has been demonstrated to be a viable fertility-restoring treatment for women categorized as female at birth with absolute uterine factor infertility. Recent advancements, as well as considerations of fairness and equality in reproductive care, have now led to the possibility of uterus transplant being undertaken in transgender women. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the reproductive aspirations of transgender women and their perceptions of uterus transplant. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional survey study used a 27-item electronic questionnaire to investigate the reproductive aspirations of 182 transgender women older than 16 years, including their perceptions of and motivations for uterus transplant, between May 1 and November 1, 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Perceptions of and motivations for uterus transplant, including perceived significance of the ability to gestate, menstruate, and have a physiologically functioning vagina. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 182 transgender women completed the questionnaire; most women (109 [60%]) were aged 20 to 29 years. Most did not have children prior to transitioning (167 [92%]) and expressed a desire to have children in the future (171 [94%]). In addition, most respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the ability to gestate and give birth to children (171 [94%]) and menstruate (161 [88%]) would enhance perceptions of their femininity. Similarly, high proportions strongly agreed or agreed that having a transplanted, functioning vagina would improve their sexual experience (163 [90%]), improve their quality of life (163 [90%]), and help them to feel like more of a woman (168 [92%]). Nearly all respondents (180 [99%]) believed that uterus transplant would lead to greater happiness in transgender women. More than three-quarters of the respondents (140 [77%]) strongly agreed or agreed that they would be more inclined to cryopreserve sperm if uterus transplant became a realistic option. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study provides insights into the reproductive aspirations of transgender women and reports on their multifaceted motivation to undergo uterus transplant. The survey responses suggest that transgender women would choose to have female physiologic experiences, such as menstruation and gestation, as well as potentially having a physiologically functioning transplanted vagina. If proven feasible and safe in this setting, uterus transplant may facilitate the achievement of reproductive aspirations, improve quality of life, and further alleviate dysphoric symptoms in transgender women.
Abstract 9831: Molecular Mechanism of Chronic Beta3-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade-Caused Regression of Cardiac Dysfunction in a Diabetic Mouse Model: Effects on the Express of Cardiac SR Ca2+-ATPase, Subtypes of Beta-Adrenergic Receptors and Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms and Nitrotyrosine
Authors: Heng-Jie Cheng, Yixi Liu, Zhe Chen, Alexei V Mikhailov, Jen-Jar Lin, Dalane Kitzman, Donald A McClain, Che Ping Cheng
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). As yet, no effective therapeutic strategies exist. Recently, we found that DM-induced LV dysfunction w...