tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive evaluation of aortic regurgitation by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography.
Authors: TMasuyama, KKodama, AKitabatake, SNanto, HSato, MUematsu, MInoue, TKamada
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography was used to examine the aortic regurgitant flow velocity pattern in 32 patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) and 10 patients without AR. The aortic regurgitant flow velocity patterns, characterized by a rapid rise in flow velocity immediately after closure of the aortic valve, high peak flow velocity, and a gradual deceleration until the next aortic valve opening, were successfully obtained in 30 of the 32 patients with AR (sensitivity 94%, specificity 100%). The velocity decline was greater in patients with severe AR; thus, the slope of the velocity decline (deceleration) and the time to decline to half the peak velocity (half-time index) were measured from the flow velocity pattern. The deceleration became greater and the half-time index shortened in accordance with angiographic grading of AR (p less than .01). The deceleration and the half-time index also correlated well with the aortic regurgitant fraction (r = .79, p less than .01; r = -.89, p less than .01)...
Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period. 7. Effect of verapamil and D-600 and the role of the "slow channel".
Authors: NEl-Sherif, RLazzara
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias (RVA) were analyzed in dogs 3--7 days after ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery using averaged composite recordings of electrical activity of reentrant pathways (RP) from the epicardial surface of the infarction zone (IZ). Verapamil (V) and D-600 (D) (0.2--0.5 mg/kg i.v.) resulted in slight-to-moderate improvement of conduction in RP with abolition of spontaneous RVA and RVA initiated by premature depolarizations. The effect of V was not blocked by pretreatment with propranolol (0.5 mg/kg i.v.). Using a standard microelectrode technique and strips of epicardial muscle from the IZ, D (0.5--1 X 10(-6) g/ml) slightly improved the upstroke velocity and membrane responses of depressed ischemic cells. In contrast, tetrodotoxin (5 X 10(-7) g/ml) further depressed or abolished action potentials of ischemic cells. We conclude: 1) the moderate antiarrhythmic effect of V and D on RVA is the result of improved conduction in RP; 2) this action is partly explained by ...
A Living, Interactive Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of First-line Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Irbaz Bin Riaz, Huan He, Alexander J. Ryu, Rabbia Siddiqi, Syed Arsalan Ahmed Naqvi, Yuan Yao, Muhammad Husnain, Deepa Maheswari Narasimhulu, Jessey Mathew, Qurat Ul Ain Riaz Sipra, Per Olav Vandvik, Richard W. Joseph, Hongfang Liu, Zhen Wang, Vitaly Herasevich, Parminder Singh, Syed A. Hussain, Thai H. Ho, Alan H. Bryce, Lance C. Pagliaro, Mohammad H. Murad, Brian A. Costello
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Ischemia induces changes in the level of mRNAs coding for stress protein 71 and creatine kinase M.
Authors: H BMehta, B KPopovich, W HDillmann
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Hyperthermia, hypoxia, and other conditions induce the appearance of heat shock or stress proteins in cells. We have previously shown that in the ischemic dog myocardium the level of a messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for a protein with migration characteristics similar to heat shock/stress protein 71 increases. Using a human heat-shock protein (hHSP) 70 genomic clone and anti-HSP70 antibodies as probes, we demonstrate in this report that heart stress protein (SP) 71 mRNA and its translational products (71 kDa polypeptides) are members of the stress protein family. In rabbit hearts, the ischemia-induced mRNAs translate into three isoforms with different isoelectric points (6.0, 6.1, and 6.15), in contrast to dog heart mRNA that translates into a protein with a pI of 5.8. The levels of SP71 mRNA in the dog and rabbit ischemic myocardium increased by sixfold and 18-fold, respectively. In the same samples, the levels of creatine kinase M mRNA decreased by about 40%, whereas those of myosin heavy chain mRNA remain...
Biological Nanotherapeutics for Liver Disease
Authors: Julia Driscoll, Cody Wehrkamp, Yu Ota, Jonathan N. Thomas, Irene K. Yan, Tushar Patel
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of biological nano-sized vesicles that are released from cells and contribute to intercellular communication. Emerging knowledge about their biogenesis, composition, release, and uptake has resulted in broad interest in elucidating their potential roles in disease pathophysiology. The distinct biological properties of these biological nanoparticles emphasize several appealing advantages for potential therapeutic applications compared with the use of synthetic nanoparticles. When administered systemically, EVs are taken up and sequestered within the liver, further emphasizing opportunities for therapeutic use. Consequently, there is growing interest in their use for liver diseases. EVs can be used directly as therapeutics, and several studies have highlighted the intrinsic therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs for chronic and acute liver diseases. Alternatively, EVs can be modified to facilitate their use for the delivery of therapeutic cargo. In this review, we discuss the cellular sources of EV, provide a concise overview of their potential use in diverse processes, and outline several promising applications for the use of EV-based therapeutics for liver diseases. The use of EV-based therapeutics provides a viable approach to target hepatic pathophysiology.
Increased uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in postischemic myocardium of patients with exercise-induced angina.
Authors: PCamici, L IAraujo, TSpinks, A ALammertsma, J CKaski, M JShea, A PSelwyn, TJones, AMaseri
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Regional myocardial perfusion and exogenous glucose uptake were assessed with rubidium-82 (82Rb) and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) in 10 normal volunteers and 12 patients with coronary artery disease and stable angina pectoris by means of positron emission tomography. In patients at rest, the myocardial uptake of 82Rb and FDG did not differ significantly from that measured in normal subjects. The exercise test performed within the positron camera in eight patients produced typical chest pain and ischemic electrocardiographic changes in all. In each of the eight patients a region of reduced cation uptake was demonstrated in the 82Rb scan recorded at peak exercise, after which uptake of 82Rb returned to the control value 5 to 14 min after the end of the exercise. In these patients, FDG was injected in the recovery phase when all the variables that were altered during exercise, including regional myocardial 82Rb uptake, had returned to control values. In all but one patient, FDG accumulation in the regio...
From the authors
Authors: C. W. H. Davies
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Together with <i>sickle</i> (<i>skl</i>), the <i>Drosophila</i> paralogs <i>reaper</i> (<i>rpr</i>), <i>head involution defective</i> (<i>hid</i>), and <i>grim</i> (RHG) control a critical switch in the induction of programmed cell death. RHG homologs have been identified in other dipteran and lepidopteran species but not beyond. Revisiting this issue with a “taxon hopping” BLAST search strategy in current genome and transcriptome resources, I detected high confidence RHG homologs in Coleoptera (beetles), Hymenoptera (bees+wasps), Hemiptera (true bugs), termites, and cockroaches. Analyses of gene structure and protein sequence conservation revealed a shared ancestral splicing pattern and highly conserved amino acid residues at both the N- and C-terminal ends that identify <i>hid</i> as the most ancestrally organized RHG gene family member in <i>Drosophila</i>. hid-like RHG homologs were also detected in mosquitoes, redefining their <i>michelob_x</i> (<i>mx</i>) genes as an expansion of derived RHG homologs. Only singleton homologs were detected in the large majority of other insect clades. Lepidopteran RHG homologs, however, stand out by producing an evolutionarily derived splice isoform, identified in previous work, in addition to the newly detected <i>hid</i>-like isoform. Exceptional sequence diversification of select RHG homologs at the family- and genus-level explain their elusiveness in important insect genome model species like the red flour beetle <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> and the pea aphid <i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i>. Combined, these findings expand the minimal age of the RHG gene family by about 100 million years and open new avenues for molecular cell death studies in insects.
Subendocardial blood flow in children with congenital aortic stenosis.
Authors: L JKrovetz, J PKurlinski
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Subendocardial blood flow may be estimated from the ratio of flow to the subendocardium to myocardial oxygen consumption. The first may be estimated from the diastolic pressure time index (area between aortic and left ventricular (LV) pressure during diastole) and the latter by the tension time index (integral of LV pressure during systolic ejection). Subendocardial flow index (SEFI) averaged 1.27 (0.96-1.78) in 13 children with normal aortic valves. SEFI averaged 0.88 (0.43-1.65) in asymptomatic children with congenital aortic stenosis and was never greater than 0.9 in symptomatic children. Aortic valve area and systolic pressure difference did not correlate well with symptoms. SEFI and aortic valve area increased in 26 of 28 patients after surgery. However, 23 of 28 had varying degrees of aortic regurgitation following valvotomy. Since calculation of SEFI is not affected by aortic regurgitation, it would appear to be a more useful measure of surgical success than aortic valve area.
Left ventricular volume measurement by conductance catheter in intact dogs. Parallel conductance volume depends on left ventricular size.
Authors: C MBoltwood, R FAppleyard, S AGlantz
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The conductance catheter is a promising new instrument for continuously measuring left ventricular (LV) volume. Absolute LV volume (V[t]) is related to uncorrected conductance volume, B(t), according to the equation: V(t) = (1/alpha)(B(t) - alpha Vc). The alpha Vc factor represents parallel-conductance volume due to conducting material outside the LV blood pool, and may be estimated by transiently changing blood conductivity using a bolus injection of hypertonic saline. alpha is the slope in the relation between B(t) and true LV volume. We tested the assumption that alpha Vc and alpha are constant over a range of hemodynamic conditions. We performed multiple hypertonic saline alpha Vc determinations in seven intact dogs during control conditions and subsequent temporary balloon occlusions of inferior vena cava (IVCO), aorta (AO), and pulmonary artery (PAO). We also compared B(t) with simultaneous biplane angiographic LV volume during similar control and intervention conditions. The saline-derived alpha Vc...
Exercise cross-sectional echocardiography in ischemic heart disease.
Authors: L SWann, J VFaris, R HChildress, J CDillon, A EWeyman, HFeigenbaum
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We performed cross-sectional echocardiograms at rest, during supine bicycle exercise, and after sublingual nitroglycerin administration in 28 patients suspected of having ischemic heart disease. Technically adequate exercise cross-sectional echocardiograms were obtained in 20 patients (71%). Ten patients had new areas of reversible segmental dysynergy, and all 10 had significant stenoses of coronary arteries supplying areas of the heart corresponding to the location of reversible dysynergy. Six of these 10 patients also underwent exercise thallium-201 perfusion scanning, and all six had reversible perfusion defects in the area that demonstrated reversible dysynergy on exercise cross-sectional echocardiography. At least two of the remaining 10 patients who did not have reversible segmental dysynergy on exercise cross-sectional echocardiography probably experienced myocardial ischemia that we did not detect. We conclude that exercise cross-sectional echocardiography is technically difficult but feasible. Th...
Diastolic abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: relation to magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: PSpirito, B JMaron, FChiarella, PBellotti, RTramarin, MPozzoli, CVecchio
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To investigate the relationship between diastolic abnormalities and left ventricular hypertrophy, 52 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 22 normal subjects were studied with digitized M mode echocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography. Echocardiographic indexes of diastolic function were compared in patients with different extent of left ventricular hypertrophy. Time interval from minimum left ventricular internal dimension to mitral valve opening and time to peak rate of increase in left ventricular internal dimension were significantly prolonged (80 +/- 31 and 100 +/- 37 msec, respectively) in patients with HCM and the most extensive left ventricular hypertrophy compared with those in patients with mild left ventricular hypertrophy (59 +/- 25 and 74 +/- 34 msec, respectively; p less than .01). Furthermore, peak rate of posterior wall diastolic excursion was significantly reduced in those patients with HCM and posterior wall hypertrophy (8.3 +/- 4.0 cm/sec) compared with that in...
Coronary neovascularity and fistula formation: a sign of mural thrombus.
Authors: R LSoulen, J HGrollman, DPaglia, TKreulen
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Fifteen patients have shown neovascularity in the left heart during selective coronary arteriography, with associated fistulous communication to a cardiac chamber in ten. In nine the abnormalities were adjacent to and within ventricular mural thrombi, associated with ventricular aneurysms in seven and congestive cardiomyopathy in two. In six patients with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation the angiographic changes related to left atrial thrombi. Histologic study of two atrial thrombi showed revascularization patterns in keeping both with the angiographic findings and with an intermediate stage in the evolution of mural thrombus. Though myxomas can produce a similar appearance, clinical and additional angiographic features should permit differentiation in most instances between this infrequent tumor and the far more common mural thrombus.
RAL Mediates Multiple Myeloma Cell Survival Independently of Oncogenic RAS
Authors: Marcel Seibold, Thorsten Stuehmer, Nadine Kremer, Anja Mottok, Claus J Scholz, Daniela Bruennert, Manik Chatterjee, Ellen Leich, Andreas Schlosser, Andreas Rosenwald, Hermann Einsele, Ralf C Bargou, Torsten Steinbrunn
Journal: Blood (2017)
In vivo gene transfer and expression in normal uninjured blood vessels using replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vectors.
Authors: PLemarchand, MJones, IYamada, R GCrystal
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vectors do not require target cell replication for transfer and expression of exogenous genes and thus may be useful for in vivo gene therapy in the endothelium. To evaluate the feasibility of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in vivo in normal intact blood vessels, adenovirus vectors containing the Escherichia coli lacZ gene or a human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) cDNA were injected in vivo into the lumen of an occluded vessel segment of sheep jugular vein and/or carotid artery. After 15 minutes of incubation, circulation was restored; the vessels were harvested 1-28 days later and evaluated for gene transfer and expression. Three days after in vivo exposure to the lacZ adenovirus vector, the endothelium of jugular veins and carotid arteries expressed beta-galactosidase. Exposure of jugular veins and carotid arteries in vivo to the alpha 1AT adenovirus vector resulted in the expression of alpha 1AT mRNA transcripts detected by Northern analysis and in the s...
Cumulative inhibitory effect of low-dose aspirin on vascular prostacyclin and platelet thromboxane production in patients with atherosclerosis.
Authors: B BWeksler, KTack-Goldman, V ASubramanian, W AGay
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The relationship between the antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects of aspirin is complex, since aspirin influences other systems that protect against thrombosis as well as inhibiting platelet function. We investigated possible cumulative effects of low-dose aspirin on vascular production of prostacyclin in patients with documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Candidates for coronary artery vein graft bypass ingested 20 mg of aspirin daily during the week before surgery, and platelet aggregation, platelet formation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), aortic and saphenous vein production of prostacyclin (PGI2), and hemostatic status were measured at the time of the bypass surgery. Low-dose aspirin markedly inhibited platelet aggregation responses and reduced TXA2 generation by greater than 90%, effects similar to those observed with much higher doses of aspirin. Both aortic and saphenous vein production of PGI2 were inhibited by 50% compared with PGI2 produced by vascular tissues of control subjects who ...
Spontaneous variability in ventricular ectopic activity during chronic antiarrhythmic therapy.
Authors: J LAnderson, M IAnastasiou-Nana, R LMenlove, F LMoreno, J NNanas, A HBarker
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Previous determinations of variability in frequency of ventricular arrhythmias have been based on repeated recordings obtained in the absence of therapy. We evaluate variability during effective treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. Variability in the percent suppression of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) was determined in 55 patients with chronic arrhythmias who underwent multiple ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings during evaluation of chronic therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs initially determined to be effective, which was defined as 70% or more reduction in total PVC frequency or 90% or more reduction in repetitive forms. During chronic therapy, total PVCs were suppressed by 92%, averaged after a logarithmic transformation step, and repetitive beats were suppressed by 88%. Variability in suppression was substantial. The one-sided 95% confidence intervals required a fall in suppression of total PVCs to 40% or less to exceed limits of spontaneous variability and of repetitive PVCs to 66% ...
Machine Learning for Early Lung Cancer Identification Using Routine Clinical and Laboratory Data
Authors: Michael K. Gould, Brian Z. Huang, Martin C. Tammemagi, Yaron Kinar, Ron Shiff
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Rationale: Most lung cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Presymptomatic identification of high-risk individuals can prompt earlier intervention and improve long-term outcomes. Objectives: To develop a model to predict a future diagnosis of lung cancer on the basis of routine clinical and laboratory data by using machine learning. Methods: We assembled data from 6,505 case patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 189,597 contemporaneous control subjects and compared the accuracy of a novel machine learning model with a modified version of the well-validated 2012 Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial risk model (mPLCOm2012), by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and diagnostic odds ratio (OR) as measures of model performance. Measurements and Main Results: Among ever-smokers in the test set, a machine learning model was more accurate than the mPLCOm2012 for identifying NSCLC 9-12 months before clinical diagnosis (P < 0.00001) and demonstrated an AUC of 0.86, a diagnostic OR of 12.3, and a sensitivity of 40.1% at a predefined specificity of 95%. In comparison, the mPLCOm2012 demonstrated an AUC of 0.79, an OR of 7.4, and a sensitivity of 27.9% at the same specificity. The machine learning model was more accurate than standard eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening and more accurate than the mPLCOm2012 when applied to a screening-eligible population. Influential model variables included known risk factors and novel predictors such as white blood cell and platelet counts. Conclusions: A machine learning model was more accurate for early diagnosis of NSCLC than either standard eligibility criteria for screening or the mPLCOm2012, demonstrating the potential to help prevent lung cancer deaths through early detection.
Quantification of regional myocardial perfusion with generator-produced 62Cu-PTSM and positron emission tomography.
Authors: PHerrero, JMarkham, C JWeinheimer, C JAnderson, M JWelch, M AGreen, S RBergmann
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDNoninvasive assessment of regional myocardial perfusion at rest and after stress is important for the objective evaluation of the effects of coronary artery disease and its response to therapy. Centers that do not have cyclotrons rely on generator-produced radioisotopes for assessment of regional myocardial perfusion with positron emission tomography (PET). The aim of the present study was to develop and implement an approach to quantify regional myocardial perfusion using copper(II) pyruvaldehyde bis-(N4-thiosemicarbazone) (PTSM) labeled with the generator-produced, positron-emitting radionuclide 62Cu (t1/2 = 9.7 minutes).METHODS AND RESULTSRegional perfusion was estimated from dynamic PET scans after intravenous administration of 62Cu-PTSM in 21 studies in 13 intact dogs evaluated over a wide range of myocardial flow values. In 15 interventions in nine dogs, regional perfusion was also estimated with H2(15)O. Regional perfusion with 62Cu-PTSM was estimated from dynamic blood and tissue time-ac...
Follow-up clinical results in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
Authors: T AMabin, D RHolmes, H CSmith, R EVlietstra, G SReeder, J FBresnahan, A ABove, L NHammes, L RElveback, T AOrszulak
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Complete follow-up data were obtained from 229 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) between 1979 and 1982 (mean follow-up 14 months, range 6 to 37). Single-vessel disease was present in 143 and multivessel disease in 86. PTCA was successful in 153 patients (67%). Failure was followed initially by bypass surgery in 59 and by continued medical therapy in 17. After successful PTCA, 90% of patients were improved subjectively and 74% were asymptomatic at follow-up. After unsuccessful PTCA but prompt bypass, 90% were improved subjectively and 85% were asymptomatic. Among the 229 patients, 39 (17%) required an additional intervention because of angina during follow-up; 15 of these had repeat PTCA and 18 had bypass surgery. Among patients with successful PTCA, revascularization was complete in 77% and partial in 23%. The completeness of revascularization with PTCA had a significant impact on follow-up. The follow-up data of patients with successful single-vessel...