tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The global gap in treatment coverage for major depressive disorder in 84 countries from 2000–2019: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-regression analysis
Authors: Modhurima Moitra, Damian Santomauro, Pamela Y. Collins, Theo Vos, Harvey Whiteford, Shekhar Saxena, Alize J. Ferrari
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

Background The treatment coverage for major depressive disorder (MDD) is low in many parts of the world despite MDD being a major contributor to disability globally. Most existing reviews of MDD treatment coverage do not account for potential sources of study-level heterogeneity that contribute to variation in reported treatment rates. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the evidence and analytically quantify sources of heterogeneity to report updated estimates of MDD treatment coverage and gaps by location and treatment type between 2000 and 2019. Methods and findings A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies that provided data on treatment rates for MDD between January 1, 2000, and November 26, 2021, from 2 online scholarly databases PubMed and Embase. Cohort and cross-sectional studies were included if treatment rates pertaining to the last 12 months or less were reported directly or if sufficient information was available to calculate this along with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Studies were included if they made use of population-based surveys that were representative of communities, countries, or regions under study. Studies were included if they used established diagnostic criteria to diagnose cases of MDD. Sample and methodological characteristics were extracted from selected studies. Treatment rates were modeled using a Bayesian meta-regression approach and adjusted for select covariates that quantified heterogeneity in the data. These covariates included age, sex, treatment type, location, and choice of MDD assessment tool. A total of 149 studies were included for quantitative analysis. Treatment coverage for health service use ranged from 51% [95% UI 20%, 82%] in high-income locations to 20% [95% UI 1%, 53%] in low- and lower middle-income locations. Treatment coverage for mental health service use ranged from 33% [95% UI 8%, 66%] in high-income locations to 8% [95% UI &lt;1%, 36%] in low- and lower middle-income countries. Minimally adequate treatment (MAT) rates ranged from 23% [95% UI 2%, 55%] in high-income countries to 3% [95% UI &lt;1%, 25%]) in low- and lower middle-income countries. A primary methodological limitation was the lack of sufficient data from low- and lower middle-income countries, which precluded our ability to provide more detailed treatment rate estimates. Conclusions In this study, we observed that the treatment coverage for MDD continues to be low in many parts of the world and in particular in low- and lower middle-income countries. There is a continued need for routine data collection that will help obtain more accurate estimates of treatment coverage globally.
Keloids.
Authors: E. Schleyer-Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1968)

report points out, some tests will give information about many other metabolic disorders in addition to phenylketonuria and even reveal further new disorders.I therefore think it important that we should not drift piecemeal into Guthrie testing without considering the mechanics and economics of screening in the country as a whole.Finally may I illustrate the perversity of the laws of sampling in detecting these very rare diseases.The working party report points out that the frequency in Britain of phenylketonuria is probably about 1 in 10,000 births, but Dr. L. I. Woolf tested over 20,000 infants and Dr. G. M. Kom- rower tested nearly 10,000 infants without finding a case.We have been screening the newborn infants in our obstetric hospital for two years by the Scriver paper chromatographic technique on plasma; the 450th infant we tested had phenylketonuria, but I do not wish to claim that the incidence of phenylketonuria is greater at University Col- lege Hospital than in Oxford or Manchester.-I am, etc.,
Factors associated with gene mutation testing in United States veterans with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Anna Hung, Yanhong Li, Danielle Candelieri, Patrick Alba, Tori Anglin-Foote, Kyung Min Lee, Fatai Agiri, Cristina Perez, Weiyan Li, Suvina Amin, Shan Jiang, Scott L. DuVall, Yu-Ning Wong, Shelby D. Reed, Julie Ann Lynch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

47 Background: Practice guidelines have been modified to recommend hereditary and tumor gene mutation testing in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) to identify patients for molecularly targeted therapies. Identifying appropriate candidates for testing can be challenging in electronic health records and claims data. In this study, we used natural language processing (NLP) algorithms to identify veterans with mCRPC, reported gene mutation testing rates and identified factors associated with testing. Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study using NLP to identify veterans diagnosed with mCRPC between 2016 and 2020. Patient and facility characteristics were reported descriptively. Chi-square and t-tests were used to determine whether differences were statistically significant at a significance level of 0.05 based on receipt of testing. Generalized linear mixed models with binomial error distributions and logit links accounting for clustering by facility were used to determine which factors were independently associated with testing. Results: 9,282 veterans were diagnosed with mCRPC between 2016 and 2020, as determined by NLP algorithms identifying diagnosis of metastatic disease and castration-resistant disease. Among these patients, 381 died within 45 days of their diagnosis, and were excluded from analysis. In the analytic cohort of 8,901 veterans, 1,282 (14%) patients received testing. Of these, 1,041 (81%) received tumor tissue testing and 292 (23%) received hereditary testing. In bivariate analyses, age, race, ethnicity, Commission on Cancer (COC) facility certification, and facility complexity rating differed between veterans who received the test versus who did not (mean age of 73 versus 77, p &lt; 0.0001; 30% versus 24% Black, p &lt; 0.0001; 93% versus 92% non-Hispanic, p = 0.04; 64% versus 63% COC-certified facility, p = 0.04; and 59% versus 52% most complex facility, p &lt; 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, older age and lower facility complexity rating were associated with lower odds of testing (for every 10-year increase in age, adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54, 0.50-0.58; Mid-high and low complexity facilities compared to highest complexity facilities: aOR, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.32-0.85 and 0.39, 0.22-0.71, respectively). Conclusions: Gene mutation testing in veterans with mCRPC is underutilized. Older age and being seen in a lower complexity facility are independently associated with a lower odds of testing. Patient and facility barriers to testing should be identified to improve guideline concordant care.
FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.
Authors: None G. O. M.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

London, May, 1884. At the annual meeting of the City Orthopædic Hospital in Halton-Garden, it was stated the past year's working of the charity was the most satisfactory for many years, showing that as many as 2,500 patients had been admitted and twelve extra beds had been provided. It was stated that since the opening of that and other orthopædic institutions the number of deformed poor walking about had become appreciably less. A gargle made of strong black tea and used cold, night and morning, is now the fashionable preventtive against falling a victim to sore throat during the cold winds of the spring. The University Tercentenary celebration at Edinburgh has passed off without a hitch, largely owing to the authorities having wisely altered their original plans so as to allow the students to take a prominent part in the entertainments. The young gentlemen, appreciating the justice of this arrangement,
Abstract 17023: Early Incidence of First Myocardial Infarction in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients in the United States
Authors: Pawan Puli, Anila Krovvidi, Srikanth Yandrapalli, Ram Kairam
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Behavioral patterns and pharmaceutical interventions in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies evaluating the differences in risk profiles and outcomes during first myocardial infarction in ADHD patients compared to the general population in the US are lacking. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of the US National Inpatient Sample years 2005 - 2015 using appropriate ICD-9 codes to identify a weighted sample of hospitalizations for a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in adults. In this AMI cohort, patients with ADHD were identified. Differences in demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes were compared between patients with and without ADHD. Results: Of 4,285,185 first AMI cases, ADHD was present in 5379 (~1 in 1000). At the time of first AMI, patients with ADHD were 15 years younger (mean age 52 vs 67 years, p&lt;.001) and were more likely to be men (72% vs 58%, p&lt;.001) than those without. More patients with ADHD had private insurance and were in higher income categories; TABLE. Patients with ADHD had higher prevalence of substance abuse, smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia and depression whereas patients without ADHD had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. While the type of AMI was similar in both the groups, mechanical revascularization was more frequently performed in ADHD patients (69.4% vs 59.1%, p&lt;.001). All-cause inhospital mortality during the first AMI was significantly lower in ADHD patients (1.3% vs 6.1%, p&lt;.001). Conclusion: In the US, patients with ADHD had first AMI at a much younger age and had substantial differences in risk factor profile and outcomes compared to the general population. The influence of behavior patterns, underlying ADHD pathophysiology, and medical interventions in ADHD patients leading to the earlier AMI onset should be further explored.
Efficacy of BCG Vaccine
Authors: George W. Comstock
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Colditz and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have reviewed and digested an enormous amount of data in producing their meta-analysis of the efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of TB. However, there are major considerations that cast doubt on their conclusions. Among these considerations is the implication in the title and the text that there is only one BCG vaccine. Numerous authors have called attention to the fact that the BCG vaccines produced in different laboratories vary in almost every measurable characteristic.<sup>2,3</sup>Variations might be expected to occur in a vaccine that had to be subcultured as often as every 2 weeks from its release in 1922 until freeze-dried strains were developed in the mid 1960s.<sup>4</sup>Strains have been found to differ in their survival on culture media, colony formation, viability, drug resistance, DNA restriction fragments, virulence in animals, anti-TB and antitumor protection in animals, production
Donald Fredrickson, MD: 'high priest'
Authors: J. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Known in Washington political circles as the "high priest" of biomedical research, Donald S. Fredrickson, MD—scientist, politician, and bureaucrat—has had what can only be described as a highly successful career spanning almost 30 years. Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) since 1974, Fredrickson has proved himself adept at treading the political terrain. He is also a survivor. Nominated by Gerald Ford (the NIH directorship is a presidential appointment requiring congressional ratification), he has served both Democrat and Republican administrations. He is the only top official of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS—formerly the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) to withstand the wholesale firings carried out by former Secretary Califano in 1976. Now Califano is gone and Fredrickson serves his fourth DHHS Secretary, Patricia Harris. Politics aside, Fredrickson has, so far, been adroit as well in handling the tough challenges that the 36-year-old NIH has faced
Haemophilus epiglottitis.
Authors: H. G. Pledger
Journal: BMJ (1968)

pupils; and in another, a woman of 38, the clinical picture closely resembled disseminated sclerosis.Nearly half (13 cases) were over the age of 60, and 6 of them were over the age of 70.It came as a surprise to find such a large number in my files.Comparable figures in the same period of other neurological diseases are subacute combined degeneration 32 cases, syringomyelia 27 cases.The figures confirm the view that the era of neurosyphilis is still very much with us.-I am, etc.,
NEURO-COGNITIVE
Authors: D. Allen, B. Carlson, D. Allen, B. Carlson, F. Boele, M. Zant, E. Heine, N. Aaronson, M. Taphoorn, J. Reijneveld, J. Heimans, M. Klein, M. Bradshaw, K. Noll, M. Ziu, J. Weinberg, C. Strange, C. Turner, J. Wefel, B. Carlson-Green, J. Puig, A. Bendel, Y. Lu, K. Clark, H. Conklin, T. Merchant, P. Klimo, A. P. Panandiker, H. Conklin, J. Ashford, K. Clark, K. Martin-Elbahesh, K. Hardy, T. Merchant, R. Ogg, S. Jeha, L. Huang, H. Zhang, D. Correa, J. Satagopan, R. Baser, K. Cheung, M. Lin, S. Karimi, J. Lyo, L. DeAngelis, I. Orlow, E. De Witte, D. Satoer, R. Erik, H. Colle, E. Visch-Brink, P. Marien, E. De Witte, P. Marien, K. Gehring, P. Hoogendoorn, M. Sitskoorn, V. Gondi, M. Mehta, S. Pugh, W. Tome, B. Corn, C. Caine, A. Kanner, H. Rowley, V. Kundapur, J. Greenspoon, A. Konski, G. Bauman, W. Shi, V. Kavadi, L. Kachnic, P. H. Driever, V. Soelva, S. Rueckriegel, H. Bruhn, U. Thomale, C. Lambourn, A. Corbett, C. Linville, A. Mintz, R. Hampson, S. Deadwyler, A. Peiffer, K. Noll, J. Weinberg, M. Ziu, C. Turner, C. Strange, J. Wefel, K. Peters, A. Kenjale, M. West, W. Hornsby, J. Herndon, F. McSherry, A. Desjardins, H. Friedman, L. Jones, K. Peters, S. Woodring, M. L. Affronti, S. Threatt, S. Lindhorst, D. Levacic, A. Desjardins, T. Ranjan, G. Vlahovic, A. Friedman, H. Friedman, C. V. Resendiz, T. S. Armstrong, A. Acquaye, E. Vera-Bolanos, M. Gilbert, J. S. Wefel, C. Turner, C. Strange, M. Bradshaw, K. Noll, J. Wefel, J. Wefel, S. Pugh, T. Armstrong, M. Gilbert, M. Won, M. Wendland, D. Brachman, P. Brown, I. Crocker, H. I. Robins, R. J. Lee, M. Mehta, M. Ziu, K. Noll, J. Weinberg, R. Benveniste, C. Turner, C. Strange, D. Suki, J. Wefel, C. Caine, S. K. Anderson, B. T. Harel, P. Brown, J. H. Cerhan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)
National body to prevent research fraud is proposed
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Poor antenatal care implicated in half of stillbirths 68, 71Poor antenatal care might have contributed to the outcome in up to half of stillbirths recorded in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland during 1996 and 1997, says a report published last week by the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy.The eighth annual reportpublished as part of the enquiry's ongoing remit to identify areas of suboptimal care contributing to the deaths of babies between 20 weeks' gestation and 1 year of age-showed that stillbirth remained the commonest category of death in this age group.Key areas of concern included lack of coordinated antenatal risk assessment and referral practices throughout pregnancy, poor recognition and management of the growth restricted baby, issues related to fetal movement (failure to act on reduced movements reported by mothers), communication (lack of planning, poor documentation), and lifestyle issues (smoking, poor attendance).
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1956)

a simple aerosol of water may reduce the viscidity of mucus.Mucus dried to the point of crusting will not imbibe moisture unless first broken down by chemical action.Two kinds of " mucolytic" solutions for administration as aerosols have been used.The first contains a detergent, glycerin, and sodium bicarbonate.There is no evidence that such a solution affects the viscidity of mucus in vitro, and no controlled trials of its effect in man have ever been pub- lished.'rhe only theoretical advantage of the solution over water is that it forms a more stable aerosol which may carry more water into the bronchi.The second type of solution contains trypsin, which is claimed to be specificall) mucolytic.Trypsin is, in fact, a proteolytic enzyme which will damage the mucosa if used in sufficient concentration ,,o affect dried mucus.Even premalignant changes in bronchial mucosa have been reported after the use of purified trypsin.' Lastly, trypsin is a foreign protein and its repeated use leads to sensitization.No safe specific mucolytic agent has yet been discovered.In its absence prevention of viscid secretions is better than treatment.This is best done 'by ensuring an adequate fluid intake, eschewing atropine-like drugs, and by increasing the water saturation of inspired air.
Considering Value in Prescribing and Deprescribing for Older Adults
Authors: Wendy Levinson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Thomas R. Radomski, MD, MS; Alison Decker, MPH; Dmitry Khodyakov, PhD; Carolyn T. Thorpe, PhD, MPH; Joseph T. Hanlon, PharmD, MS; Mark S. Roberts, MD, MPP; Michael J. Fine, MD, MSc; Walid F. Gellad, MD, MPH
Association of Treatment With Secukinumab With Exacerbation of Dermatomyositis in a Patient With Psoriasis
Authors: Danielle L. Perna, Jeffrey P. Callen, Courtney R. Schadt
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

This case report describes a woman in her 20s with a history of psoriasis and juvenile dermatomyositis who presented for management of worsening psoriasis at a time when her juvenile dermatomyositis had been in remission for several years.
Medical ethics. Criteria for heart transplants.
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Abortion Act 1967 mIDIURNAL that they can deal with this problem empirically-for example, by limiting hospital beds or operating lists for abortion cases.But this would be to ignore the fact that with patients for abortion, as with all other patients, the gynaecologist is funda- mentally concerned with the prevention of injury to health- of the mother or existing children.The gynaecologist has a duty to deal with each patient according to the merits and needs of her particular case.
Synergistic checkpoint-blockade and radiotherapy–radiodynamic therapy via an immunomodulatory nanoscale metal–organic framework
Authors: Kaiyuan Ni, Ziwan Xu, August Culbert, Taokun Luo, Nining Guo, Kaiting Yang, Erik Pearson, Ben Preusser, Tong Wu, Patrick La Riviere, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Michael T. Spiotto, Wenbin Lin
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2022)
Long-term Outcomes from the HORIZON Randomized Trial for a Schlemm’s Canal Microstent in Combination Cataract and Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Iqbal Ike K. Ahmed, Ticiana De Francesco, Douglas Rhee, Cathleen McCabe, Brian Flowers, Gus Gazzard, Thomas W. Samuelson, Kuldev Singh
Journal: Ophthalmology (2022)
Abstract 17392: Nano-Structural Analysis of Engrafted Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction Using APEX2
Authors: Takeshi Hatani, Shunsuke Funakoshi, Thomas J Deerinck, Eric A Bushong, Takeshi Kimura, Mark H Ellisman, Masahiko Hoshijima, Yoshinori Yoshida
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Although many studies have shown the feasibility of in vivo cardiac transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) in animal experiments, nano-structural confirmation of the engrafted iPSC-CMs including electron microscopy (EM) has not been accomplished, partly because identification of engrafted cells in EM has proven to be difficult. However, with a new genetically encoded probe, the monomeric 28-kDa peroxidase reporter 2 (APEX2), which withstands strong EM fixation can resolve this problem. Moreover, immaturity of iPSC-CMs is a critical problem. Especially, excitation-contraction coupling is one of the fundamental properties of cardiomyocytes, the absence of dyad formed between T-tubule and junctional portion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is one of the major reasons of arrhythmogenic risks after transplantation. Using the APEX2 system, we evaluated morphological alteration of the engrafted iPSC-CMs in EM in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Methods: We established human iPSC lines which stably expressed histone H2B-APEX2 (APEX2 iPSCs). After differentiating APEX2 iPSCs into CMs in vitro , purified cells were transplanted into NOG mouse hearts with myocardial infarction by direct injections into the myocardium. We evaluated the ultrastructure of engrafted iPSC-CMs using EM at 3 and 6 months after transplantation. Results: APEX2 did not give significant influences on cardiac differentiation in vitro and stably expressed in iPSC-CMs over 6 months in vivo . APEX2 reaction observed in EM clearly identified engrafted APEX2 iPSC-CMs surrounded by host CMs. The maturation of sarcomeric structure and mitochondria were evident, and T-tubules and dyads started to emerge in engrafted iPSC-CMs at 6 months after transplantation. Conclusions: We demonstrated that APEX2 is a versatile genetic reporter to trace cell fates in living animals over many months. We unequivocally demonstrated that T-tubules and dyads can be formed in iPSC-CMs after a substantially long period of engraftment. This method should be useful to many studies of stem cell-based cell replacement therapy, as it allows direct nano-scale structural characterization of engrafted cells in EM.
Abstract 117: A Population Based Study in a Large Ethnically Diverse Metropolitan City Reveals Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Christina Y Miyake, Saranya Srinivasan, Daniel Ostermayer, Dwayne Wolf, Jeffrey J Kim, Caridad M delaUz, Santiago O Valdes, Claudia Pedroza, Shaine A Morris, Keila N Lopez, Vinh V Tran, Eric J Lee, Dianna Milewicz, Paul E Sirbaugh
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Data regarding racial and ethnic differences in incidence and survival in pediatric cardiac arrest are unknown. In large cities, universal tracking of cardiac arrest is limited by multiple response centers fielding calls. This study was performed in Houston, one of the largest and most ethnically diverse cities in the US. Every 911 call in the city is tracked by a single operations center, providing a unique opportunity to conduct a population based study. Objective: We aimed to examine race and ethnic differences in incidence and survival rates among pediatric cardiac arrests utilizing a non-sampled population in a large metropolitan area. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all 911 emergency response records involving non-traumatic pediatric cardiac arrests &lt;18 years between 2002-2017. Race and ethnicity data among patients with cardiac arrests were compared to Houston population census data. Results: There were 598 (57% males) pediatric cardiac arrests at median age of 10 mo (IQR 2 mo - 6 yrs). Infants &lt;2 yrs accounted for 60% of cases, 2-5 yrs (14%), 6-10 yrs (15%) and 11-17 yrs (11%). Overall, non-Hispanic black children comprised a significantly larger proportion of those with cardiac arrest than would be expected given population distribution (Figure). When evaluating these differences by age, the largest discrepancy was among infants, where odds of arrest in non-Hispanic black or Hispanic was 2.3 (95%CI 1.2-4.4) and 2.9 (95% CI 1.4-5.8) compared to white children. Overall survival was poor (9%) and did not differ by race/ethnicity, sex, bystander CPR, or time from 911 call to emergency personnel arrival. The only variable associated with greater survival was witnessed arrest (OR 2.2, 95%CI 1.2-4.0). Conclusions: There are racial differences in cardiac arrest in Houston based on age. Identifying reasons for these differences may provide insights into environmental or genetic risk factors associated with pediatric cardiac arrests.