tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic management of enteral tubes in adult patients – Part 1: Definitions and indications. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: Marianna Arvanitakis, Paraskevas Gkolfakis, Edward J. Despott, Asuncion Ballarin, Torsten Beyna, Kurt Boeykens, Peter Elbe, Ingrid Gisbertz, Alice Hoyois, Ofelia Mosteanu, David S. Sanders, Peter T. Schmidt, Stéphane M. Schneider, Jeanin E. van Hooft
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Main recommendations ESGE recommends considering the following indications for enteral tube insertion: (i) clinical conditions that make oral intake impossible (neurological conditions, obstructive causes); (ii) acute and/or chronic diseases that result in a catabolic state where oral intake becomes insufficient; and (iii) chronic small-bowel obstruction requiring a decompression gastrostomy. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. ESGE recommends the use of temporary feeding tubes placed through a natural orifice (either nostril) in patients expected to require enteral nutrition (EN) for less than 4 weeks. If it is anticipated that EN will be required for more than 4 weeks, percutaneous access should be considered, depending on the clinical setting. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. ESGE recommends the gastric route as the primary option in patients in need of EN support. Only in patients with altered/unfavorable gastric anatomy (e. g. after previous surgery), impaired gastric emptying, intolerance to gastric feeding, or with a high risk of aspiration, should the jejunal route be chosen. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. ESGE suggests that recent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding due to peptic ulcer disease with risk of rebleeding should be considered to be a relative contraindication to percutaneous enteral access procedures, as should hemodynamic or respiratory instability. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. ESGE suggests that the presence of ascites and ventriculoperitoneal shunts should be considered to be additional risk factors for infection and, therefore, further preventive precautions must be taken in these cases. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. ESGE recommends that percutaneous tube placement (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy [PEG], percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension [PEG-J], or direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy [D-PEJ]) should be considered to be a procedure with high hemorrhagic risk, and that in order to reduce this risk, specific guidelines for antiplatelet or anticoagulant use should be followed strictly. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. ESGE recommends refraining from PEG placement in patients with advanced dementia. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. ESGE recommends refraining from PEG placement in patients with a life expectancy shorter than 30 days.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence*.
15315 Patient-reported outcomes with abrocitinib treatment in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: Results from a randomized, phase 3 clinical trial
Authors: Jonathan I. Silverberg, Arnon D. Cohen, Sonja Stander, Claire Feeney, Hernan Valdez, Pinaki Biswas, Michael C. Cameron, Robert A. Gerber
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
dbNSFP v4: a comprehensive database of transcript-specific functional predictions and annotations for human nonsynonymous and splice-site SNVs
Authors: Xiaoming Liu, Chang Li, Chengcheng Mou, Yibo Dong, Yicheng Tu
Journal: Genome Medicine (2020)

Abstract Whole exome sequencing has been increasingly used in human disease studies. Prioritization based on appropriate functional annotations has been used as an indispensable step to select candidate variants. Here we present the latest updates to dbNSFP (version 4.1), a database designed to facilitate this step by providing deleteriousness prediction and functional annotation for all potential nonsynonymous and splice-site SNVs (a total of 84,013,093) in the human genome. The current version compiled 36 deleteriousness prediction scores, including 12 transcript-specific scores, and other variant and gene-level functional annotations. The database is available at http://database.liulab.science/dbNSFP with a downloadable version and a web-service.
16382 Efficacy and tolerance assessment of a dermocosmetic balm in Mexican pediatric subjects with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis through reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Clariza Infante, Elizabeth Ortíz Moreno, Mirna Toledo-Bahena, Rodrigo Roldan-Marin, Marysol Macedo Pérez, García-Hernandez Alejandra, Adriana Valencia Herrera, Gustavo Segura-Moreno, Helena Polena, Michèle Sayag, Ethel Pinto, Ethel Pinto Carrillo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Are Financial Payments From the Pharmaceutical Industry Associated With Physician Prescribing?
Authors: Aaron P. Mitchell, Niti U. Trivedi, Renee L. Gennarelli, Susan Chimonas, Sara M. Tabatabai, Johanna Goldberg, Luis A. Diaz, Deborah Korenstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Financial payments from the drug industry to U.S. physicians are common. Payments may influence physicians' clinical decision making and drug prescribing.
148P MCV-the ideal answer to predict the prognosis of remnant gastric cancer: An analysis from a multi-institutional database
Authors: K. Weng, K-X. Xu, W-W. Qiu, C-H. Zheng, P. Li, J-W. Xie, J-B. Wang, J-X. Lin, J. Lu, Q-Y. Chen, L-L. Cao, M. Lin, R-H. Tu, Z-N. Huang, J-L. Lin, H-L. Zheng, C. Huang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
193P First-line liposomal irinotecan + 5 fluorouracil/leucovorin + oxaliplatin in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Exploratory survival analyses by change in post treatment CA 19-9
Authors: A. Dean, T. Bekaii-Saab, P.M. Boland, F. Dayyani, T. Macarulla Mercade, K. Mody, B. Belanger, F. Maxwell, Y. Moore, T. Wang, B. Zhang, Z.A. Wainberg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Which Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lesions in the Sacroiliac Joints Are Most Relevant for Diagnosing Axial Spondyloarthritis? A Prospective Study Comparing Rheumatologists’ Evaluations With Radiologists’ Findings
Authors: X. Baraliakos, A. Ghadir, M. Fruth, U. Kiltz, I. Redeker, J. Braun
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

Objective Pathologic sacroiliac (SI) joint changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important for the classification of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). In daily practice, radiologists play a major role in interpreting imaging findings. This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of MRI SI joint findings on the identification of axial SpA by radiologists, in comparison to diagnosis by rheumatologists. Methods Patients age ≤45 years were prospectively included when referred for clinical suspicion of axial SpA and underwent a complete diagnostic evaluation including STIR‐ and T1‐weighted MRI of the SI joint. Diagnosis made by an experienced rheumatologist with access to all relevant information was considered the gold standard. MRIs were evaluated by 2 experienced radiologists who were unaware of the clinical data, who indicated which MRI lesions were “critical” to the decision for or against axial SpA. Results Of the 300 patients included, 132 (44%) were diagnosed as having axial SpA. Mean age was comparable between the 2 groups, but patients with axial SpA and those with non–axial SpA differed with regard to symptom duration (58.6 ± 69.5 versus 33.9 ± 45.1 months, respectively; P = 0.003) and HLA–B27 positivity (75.6% versus 19%, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). Rheumatologists and radiologists agreed on the diagnosis in 262 cases (87.3%), while 34 patients (11.3%) were diagnosed as having axial SpA by rheumatologists only (clinically), and 4 cases (1.3%) were judged as suggestive of axial SpA by radiologists only. Bone marrow edema (BME) and sclerosis showed the highest sensitivity, while erosions and fatty lesions showed the highest specificity, for axial SpA diagnosis. The combination of BME with erosions had the highest positive predictive value (86.5%). Conclusion The MRI findings with the highest diagnostic value in patients in whom axial SpA is suspected are structural changes in the SI joint, alone or in combination with BME. Our findings indicate that while the absence of BME is usually not compatible with a diagnosis of axial SpA, the presence of BME does not necessarily confirm a diagnosis of axial SpA.
Abstract 12079: Genetic Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation is Associated With Left Atrial Electrical Remodeling and Adverse Post-ablation Outcome
Authors: Geoffrey R Wong, Chrishan J Nalliah, Geoffrey Lee, Alex Voskoboinik, Sandeep Prabhu, Ramanathan Parameswaran, Hari Sugumar, Robert Anderson, Liang-Han Ling, Renee Johnson, Prashanthan Sanders, Peter Kistler, Diane Fatkin, Jonathan Kalman
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified a highly significant locus for AF on chromosome 4q25. However, the disease-associated phenotype remains unknown. Methods: We prospectivel...
Downregulation of MCM2 contributes to the reduced growth potential of epithelial progenitor cells in chronic nasal inflammation
Authors: Li Yue Li, Yu Tao Zhou, Lin Sun, Xin Yi Liu, Jian Li, Yue Hong, Xiao Yan Ye, Qing Bao, Qing Xiang Meng, Wei Ping Wen, He Xin Chen, Chun Wei Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
221P Patient-reported sexual and urinary function in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) when treated with apalutamide (APA) vs placebo (PBO) and ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in SPARTAN
Authors: H. Uemura, J.Y. Lee, S. Oudard, B.A. Hadaschik, F. Saad, D. Cella, E. Basch, J.N. Graff, S. Dibaj, S. Li, S.D. Brookman-May, P. De Porre, K. Bevans, J. Trudeau, M.R. Smith, E.J. Small
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Bidirectional association between atopic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and other ocular surface diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nina H. Ravn, Zohra F. Ahmadzay, Tine A. Christensen, Henrik H.P. Larsen, Nikolai Loft, Pernille Rævdal, Steffen Heegaard, Miriam Kolko, Alexander Egeberg, Jonathan I. Silverberg, Anne-Sofie Halling, Jacob P. Thyssen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Biologic drug survival rates in the era of anti‐interleukin‐17 antibodies: a time‐period‐adjusted registry analysis*
Authors: T. Graier, W. Salmhofer, C. Jonak, W. Weger, C. Kölli, B. Gruber, P.G. Sator, K. Prillinger, A. Mlynek, M. Schütz‐Bergmayr, L. Richter, G. Ratzinger, C. Painsi, S. Selhofer, N. Häring, K. Wippel‐Slupetzky, H. Skvara, H. Trattner, A. Tanew, M. Inzinger, R. Tatarski, C. Bangert, C. Ellersdorfer, R. Lichem, A. Gruber‐Wackernagel, A. Hofer, F. Legat, E. Schmiedberger, R. Strohal, B. Lange‐Asschenfeldt, M. Schmuth, I. Vujic, W. Hoetzenecker, F. Trautinger, W. Saxinger, R. Müllegger, F. Quehenberger, P. Wolf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Background Drug survival rates reflect efficacy and safety and may be influenced by the availability of alternative treatment options. Little is known about time-dependent drug survival in psoriasis and the effect of increasing numbers of biologic treatment options. Objectives To determine whether drug survival is influenced by the availability of treatment options and by factors such as gender, psoriatic arthritis or previous biologic treatment. Methods This observational, retrospective, multicentre cohort study analysed data from patients registered in the Austrian Psoriasis Registry (PsoRA) who were treated with biologics between 1 January 2015 and 30 November 2019. Results A total of 1572 patients who received 1848 treatment cycles were included in this analysis. The highest long-term Psoriasis Area and Severity Index improvement was observed after treatment with ixekizumab, followed by ustekinumab and secukinumab, adalimumab and etanercept. Overall, ustekinumab surpassed all other biologics in drug survival up to 48 months. However, when adjusted for biologic naïvety, its superiority vanished and drug survival rates were similar for ixekizumab (91·6%), secukinumab (90·2%) and ustekinumab (92·8%), all of them superior to adalimumab (76·5%) and etanercept (71·9%) at 12 months and beyond. Besides biologic non-naïvety (2·10, P < 0·001), the introduction of a new drug such as secukinumab or ixekizumab (relative hazard ratio 1·6, P = 0·001) and female gender (1·50, P = 0·019) increased the risk of treatment discontinuation overall, whereas psoriatic arthritis did not (1·12, P = 0·21). Conclusions The time-dependent availability of drugs should be considered when analysing and comparing drug survival. Previous biologic exposure significantly influences drug survival. Women are more likely to stop treatment.
Neonatal gut colonization by <i>Bifidobacterium</i> is associated with higher childhood cytokine responses
Authors: Hardis Rabe, Anna-Carin Lundell, Fei Sjöberg, Annika Ljung, Anna Strömbeck, Monica Gio-Batta, Cristina Maglio, Inger Nordström, Kerstin Andersson, Intawat Nookaew, Agnes E. Wold, Ingegerd Adlerberth, Anna Rudin
Journal: Gut Microbes (2020)

The gut microbiota is a major stimulus for the immune system, and late acquisition of bacteria and/or reduced complexity of the gut flora may delay adaptive immune maturation. However, it is unknown how the gut bacterial colonization pattern in human infants is related to T cell activation during early childhood. We followed 65 Swedish children in the FARMFLORA cohort, from birth up to 3 years of age. In fecal samples collected at several time points during the first year of life, the gut colonization pattern was investigated with the use of both 16S rRNA next generation sequencing (NGS) and culture-based techniques. This was related to production of IL-13, IL-5, IL-6, TNF, IL-1β and IFN-γ by PHA-stimulated fresh mononuclear cells and to proportions of CD4+ T cells that expressed CD45RO at 36 months of age. Both NGS and culture-based techniques showed that colonization by Bifidobacterium at 1 week of age associated with higher production of IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, TNF and IL-1β at 36 months of age. By contrast, gut colonization by Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus or Clostridium in early infancy related inversely to induced IL-13, IL-5 and TNF at 3 years of age. Infants with elder siblings produced more cytokines and had a larger fraction of CD45RO+ T cells compared to single children. However, controlling for these factors did not abolish the effect of colonization by Bifidobacterium on immune maturation. Thus, gut colonization in early infancy affects T cell maturation and Bifidobacterium may be especially prone to induce infantile immune maturation.
The evolutionary history of the human oral microbiota and its implications for modern health
Authors: Laura S. Weyrich
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2020)

Abstract Numerous biological and cultural factors influence the microbial communities (microbiota) that inhabit the human mouth, including diet, environment, hygiene, physiology, health status, genetics, and lifestyle. As oral microbiota can underpin oral and systemic diseases, tracing the evolutionary history of oral microbiota and the factors that shape its origins will unlock information to mitigate disease today. Despite this, the origins of many oral microbes remain unknown, and the key factors in the past that shaped our oral microbiota are only now emerging. High throughput DNA sequencing of oral microbiota using ancient DNA and comparative anthropological methodologies has been employed to investigate oral microbiota origins, revealing a complex, rich history. Here, I review the current literature on the factors that shaped and guided oral microbiota evolution, both in Europe and globally. In Europe, oral microbiota evolution was shaped by interactions with Neandertals, the adaptation of farming, widespread integration of industrialization, and postindustrial lifestyles that emerged after World War II. Globally, evidence for a multitude of different oral microbiota histories is emerging, likely supporting dissimilarities in modern oral health across discrete human populations. I highlight how these evolutionary changes are linked to the development of modern oral diseases and discuss the remaining factors that need to be addressed to improve this embryonic field of research. I argue that understanding the evolutionary history of our oral microbiota is necessary to identify new treatment and prevention options to improve oral and systemic health in the future.
Abstract 228: Comparing a Virtual Reality Mobile App vs. a Standard Mobile App for CPR Training
Authors: Marion Leary, Alfredo Almodovar, Jaldhi Patel, Zainab A Chaudhary, Audrey L Blewer, Benjamin S Abella
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Virtual Reality (VR) via a mobile platform has the ability to heighten realism for CPR training. Whether training with VR compared with a standard mobile application (mApp) would improve CPR quality and response is unknown. Objectives: We sought to test whether a VR mApp would confer improved CPR skills compared with an existing CPR training on a standard mApp. Methods: Using a VR viewer combined with a smartphone for multisensory immersion, we created a VR CPR training mApp based on our established CPR mApp (Figure 1); both included Hands-only CPR instruction. Subjects were randomized to our intervention arm (VR mApp) or our control arm (mApp). Subjects in the VR mApp arm underwent CPR training and were able to interact with avatar bystanders, “perform” CPR via VR viewer click button, and acquire an AED. The standard mApp arm underwent our established CPR training, but did not have the VR immersion. We collected bystander response data (Call 911, Perform CPR, Ask for an AED), along with CPR quality during a 3-min post-intervention scenario. Results: Between 3/2018 and 5/2018, 38 subjects were enrolled: 19 VR mApp and 19 mApp. Mean age was 45±15 yrs, 34% were female, and 32% were currently CPR trained. In total, 70% called 911, 97% performed CPR, and 41% asked for an AED. Mean chest compression (CC) rate was 102±40 compressions per minute (cpm), depth was 40±13 mm. When comparing the VR mApp arm to the mApp arm, mean CC rate was 102±48 cpm vs 102±33 cpm, and mean CC depth was 40±13 mm vs 40±13 mm, respectively. The percentage of bystander response was higher in the VR mApp arm compared with the standard mApp arm: calling 911 (88% vs 52%), asking for an AED (55% vs 26%) (Figure 2). Conclusion: In our study comparing a VR mApp versus a standard mApp for CPR training, CPR quality did not differ but a trend toward increased bystander response was found in the VR mApp arm. Further studies will need to be powered to detect difference using immersive VR trainings and their effect on bystander response.
Long noncoding RNAs: functions and mechanisms in colon cancer
Authors: Sian Chen, Xian Shen
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2020)

Abstract Evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the carcinogenesis and progression of a wide variety of human malignancies including colon cancer. In this review, we describe the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs involved in colon oncogenesis, such as HOTAIR, PVT1, H19, MALAT1, SNHG1, SNHG7, SNHG15, TUG1, XIST, ROR and ZEB1-AS1. We summarize the roles of lncRNAs in regulating cell proliferation, cell apoptotic death, the cell cycle, cell migrative and invasive ability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells and drug resistance in colon cancer. In addition, we briefly highlight the functions of circRNAs in colon tumorigenesis and progression, including circPPP1R12A, circPIP5K1A, circCTIC1, circ_0001313, circRNA_104916 and circRNA-ACAP2. This review provides the rationale for anticancer therapy via modulation of lncRNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in colon carcinoma.
The Challenge of Combining Chemo- and Radiotherapy with Checkpoint Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Linda van Bijsterveldt, Samuel C. Durley, Tim S. Maughan, Timothy C. Humphrey
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Preclinical models of cancer have demonstrated enhanced efficacy of cell-cycle checkpoint kinase inhibitors when used in combination with genotoxic agents. This combination therapy is predicted to be exquisitely toxic to cells with a deficient G1–S checkpoint or cells with a genetic predisposition leading to intrinsic DNA replication stress, as these cancer cells become fully dependent on the intra-S and G2–M checkpoints for DNA repair and cellular survival. Therefore, abolishing remaining cell-cycle checkpoints after damage leads to increased cell death in a tumor cell–specific fashion. However, the preclinical success of these drug combinations is not consistently replicated in clinical trials. Here, we provide a perspective on the translation of preclinical studies into rationally designed clinical studies. We will discuss successes and failures of current treatment combinations and drug regimens and provide a detailed overview of all clinical trials using ATR, CHK1, or WEE1 inhibitors in combination with genotoxic agents. This highlights the need for revised patient stratification and the use of appropriate pharmacodynamic biomarkers to improve the success rate of clinical trials.
Management for lumbar spinal stenosis: A network meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Fei-Long Wei, Cheng-Pei Zhou, Rui Liu, Kai-Long Zhu, Ming-Rui Du, Hao-Ran Gao, Sheng-Da Wu, Li-Li Sun, Xiao-Dong Yan, Ya Liu, Ji-Xian Qian
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2020)
Abstract 17182: Empagliflozin Early Reverses Metabolic and Cardiac Disturbances in Type-2 Diabetics With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Tatsuaki Murakami, Hiromasa Kokado
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Although diabetes mellitus is associated with excess of worsening heart failure, effective therapies in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure have not been establi...