tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chlorhexidine plus alcohol versus povidone iodine plus alcohol, combined or not with innovative devices, for prevention of short-term peripheral venous catheter infection and failure (CLEAN 3 study): an investigator-initiated, open-label, single centre, randomised-controlled, two-by-two factorial trial
Authors: Jérémy Guenezan, Nicolas Marjanovic, Bertrand Drugeon, Rodérick O Neill, Evelyne Liuu, France Roblot, Paola Palazzo, Vanessa Bironneau, Frederique Prevost, Julie Paul, Maxime Pichon, Matthieu Boisson, Denis Frasca, Olivier Mimoz
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2021)
BAFF promotes heightened BCR responsiveness and manifestations of chronic GVHD after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wei Jia, Jonathan C. Poe, Hsuan Su, Sarah Anand, Glenn K. Matsushima, Jeffrey C. Rathmell, Ivan Maillard, Vedran Radojcic, Kazuhiro Imai, Nancy J. Reyes, Diana M. Cardona, Zhiguo Li, Amy N. Suthers, Itaevia M. Curry-Chisolm, Rachel A. DiCioccio, Daniel R. Saban, Benny J. Chen, Nelson J. Chao, Stefanie Sarantopoulos
Journal: Blood (2021)
The <i>Mastigamoeba balamuthi</i> Genome and the Nature of the Free-Living Ancestor of <i>Entamoeba</i>
Authors: Vojtěch Žárský, Vladimír Klimeš, Jan Pačes, Čestmír Vlček, Miluše Hradilová, Vladimír Beneš, Eva Nývltová, Ivan Hrdý, Jan Pyrih, Jan Mach, Lael Barlow, Courtney W Stairs, Laura Eme, Neil Hall, Marek Eliáš, Joel B Dacks, Andrew Roger, Jan Tachezy
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

The transition of free-living organisms to parasitic organisms is a mysterious process that occurs in all major eukaryotic lineages. Parasites display seemingly unique features associated with their pathogenicity; however, it is important to distinguish ancestral preconditions to parasitism from truly new parasite-specific functions. Here, we sequenced the genome and transcriptome of anaerobic free-living Mastigamoeba balamuthi and performed phylogenomic analysis of four related members of the Archamoebae, including Entamoeba histolytica, an important intestinal pathogen of humans. We aimed to trace gene histories throughout the adaptation of the aerobic ancestor of Archamoebae to anaerobiosis and throughout the transition from a free-living to a parasitic lifestyle. These events were associated with massive gene losses that, in parasitic lineages, resulted in a reduction in structural features, complete losses of some metabolic pathways, and a reduction in metabolic complexity. By reconstructing the features of the common ancestor of Archamoebae, we estimated preconditions for the evolution of parasitism in this lineage. The ancestor could apparently form chitinous cysts, possessed proteolytic enzyme machinery, compartmentalized the sulfate activation pathway in mitochondrion-related organelles, and possessed the components for anaerobic energy metabolism. After the split of Entamoebidae, this lineage gained genes encoding surface membrane proteins that are involved in host-parasite interactions. In contrast, gene gains identified in the M. balamuthi lineage were predominantly associated with polysaccharide catabolic processes. A phylogenetic analysis of acquired genes suggested an essential role of lateral gene transfer in parasite evolution (Entamoeba) and in adaptation to anaerobic aquatic sediments (Mastigamoeba).
Who Will Protect the Brains of College Football Players?
Authors: Christopher J. Nowinski, Robert C. Cantu
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Prevalence of Anemia and Compliance With NCCN Guidelines for Evaluation and Treatment of Anemia in Patients With Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Demetra Hypatia Hufnagel, Sumit Tushar Mehta, Chinyere Ezekwe, Alaina J. Brown, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Lauren Shore Prescott
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Background: NCCN recommends evaluation and treatment of all patients with cancer who have anemia. Few studies have evaluated the prevalence of anemia among patients with gynecologic cancer and compliance with the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Hematopoietic Growth Factors. Methods: We performed a single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with primary gynecologic cancer between 2008 and 2018. We identified tumor registry–confirmed patients using ICD-O codes from the Synthetic Derivative database, a deidentified copy of Vanderbilt’s electronic medical records. Patients were included if they were between ages 18 and 89 years, received initial care at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and had a hemoglobin measurement within the first 6 months of diagnosis. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level ≤11 g/dL and was graded using CTCAE version 5.0. Results: A total of 939 patients met inclusion criteria, with a median age of 60 years. The most common malignancy was uterine cancer. At the time of cancer diagnosis, 186 patients (20%) were noted to have anemia. Within 6 months of diagnosis, 625 patients (67%) had anemia, of whom 200 (32%) had grade 3 anemia and 209 (33%) underwent any evaluation of anemia, including 80 (38%) with iron studies performed. Of the patients with iron studies performed, 7 (9%) had absolute iron deficiency and 7 (9%) had possible functional iron deficiency. Among those with anemia within 6 months of diagnosis, 260 (42%) received treatment for anemia, including blood transfusion (n=205; 79%), oral iron (n=57; 22%), intravenous iron (n=8; 3%), vitamin B 12 (n=37; 14%), and folate supplementation (n=7; 3%). Patients with ovarian cancer were significantly more likely to have anemia and undergo evaluation and treatment of anemia. Conclusions: Anemia is pervasive among patients with gynecologic cancer, but compliance with the NCCN Guidelines is low. Our data suggest that there are opportunities for improvement in the evaluation and management of anemia.
Assessment of reduction of the PM 2.5 and fungal spores using AFL Facemask
Authors: Nabarun Ghosh, Constantine Saadeh, Aubrey Howard, Jay Vitale, Prabir Banerjee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

The current unprecedented situation with the COVID-19 posed a great challenge to the scientific world, demanding immediate development of technologies to fight with and prevent pathogens, especially in regards to airborne pathogens and surface contaminants. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a facemask has become usual and ubiquitous, in both hospitals and community. Air For Life (UK) and West Texas A&M University have designed a facemask. We have been working on the development and assessment of a novel facemask to combat with airborne pathogens and pollutants. A partitioned fiberglass chamber (C1,C2) was used to test the AFL Mask® in preventing PM2.5 and microbial spores. We have recorded the number of PM2.5 floating inside the chamber C-1 and C-2 by using a Temtop M2000C Monitor. On using the mask, no particle transmitted into chamber-2 from the chamber-1 indicating protection from Particulate Matters when the AFL Mask® is used. These masks are easy to use with comfort. It contains an electric fan for a continuous fresh airflow within the mask. The air supply system has a constant positive pressure to allow easy breathing without a suffocating feeling. The unique design of the air vent prevents the buildup of condensation inside. AFL Mask® is very efficient in protecting an individual from airborne pathogens and PM2.5, thereby proving as an efficient PPE available in the market. This mask can provide an internal air supply within the mask and maximum comfort with its ergonomic design and improved filtration technology.
A unique esophageal extracellular matrix proteome alters normal fibroblast function in severe eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Lance Y. Hsieh, Austin W.T. Chiang, Loan D. Duong, Chih-Chung Kuo, Stephanie X. Dong, Ranjan Dohil, Richard Kurten, Nathan E. Lewis, Seema S. Aceves
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Predictors of treatment response in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Jie Shen Fok, Pavel Kolkhir, Martin K. Church, Marcus Maurer
Journal: Allergy (2021)

The current therapeutic algorithm for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), endorsed by the international guideline, entails treatment escalation from second-generation H1 -antihistamines (sgAHs) to omalizumab and cyclosporine until complete response is achieved. Recently, several predictors of response to these treatment options have been described. Here, we discuss the most promising predictors of response and nonresponse to these treatments in CSU. A systematic search was performed by two independent researchers using the MEDLINE/PubMed database with specific keywords and 73 studies included in the review. Levels of evidence were categorized as strong (robust predictors), weak (emerging predictors) or no association, based on the outcome and number of studies available. High disease activity, high levels of C-reactive protein and D-dimer are robust predictors for a poor or no response to sgAHs. Poor or no response to omalizumab is robustly predicted by low serum levels of total IgE. A good response to cyclosporine is robustly predicted by a positive basophil histamine release assay, whereas low total IgE is an emerging predictor. The response to treatment with sgAHs, omalizumab and cyclosporine can be predicted by the use of markers that are readily available in routine clinical practice. Further studies are needed to confirm these predictors.
Adjuvant Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab in Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer in the APHINITY Trial: 6 Years' Follow-Up
Authors: Martine Piccart, Marion Procter, Debora Fumagalli, Evandro de Azambuja, Emma Clark, Michael S. Ewer, Eleonora Restuccia, Guy Jerusalem, Susan Dent, Linda Reaby, Hervé Bonnefoi, Ian Krop, Tsang-Wu Liu, Tadeusz Pieńkowski, Masakazu Toi, Nicholas Wilcken, Michael Andersson, Young-Hyuck Im, Ling Ming Tseng, Hans-Joachim Lueck, Marco Colleoni, Estefania Monturus, Mihaela Sicoe, Sébastien Guillaume, José Bines, Richard D. Gelber, Giuseppe Viale, Christoph Thomssen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

APHINITY, at 45 months median follow-up, showed that pertuzumab added to adjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy significantly improved invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) (hazard ratio 0.81 [95% CI, 0.66 to 1.00], P = .045) for patients with early human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC), specifically those with node-positive or hormone receptor (HR)-negative disease. We now report the preplanned second interim overall survival (OS) and descriptive updated IDFS analysis with 74 months median follow-up.After surgery and central HER2-positive confirmation, 4,805 patients with node-positive or high-risk node-negative BC were randomly assigned (1:1) to either 1-year pertuzumab or placebo added to standard adjuvant chemotherapy and 1-year trastuzumab.This interim OS analysis comparing pertuzumab versus placebo did not reach the P = .0012 level required for statistical significance (P = .17, hazard ratio 0.85). Six-year OS were 95% versus 94% with 125 deaths (5.2%) versus 147 (6.1%), respectively. IDFS analysis based on 508 events (intent-to-treat population) showed a hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.91) and 6-year IDFS of 91% and 88% for pertuzumab and placebo groups, respectively. The node-positive cohort continues to derive clear IDFS benefit from pertuzumab (hazard ratio 0.72 [95% CI, 0.59 to 0.87]), 6-year IDFS being 88% and 83%, respectively. Benefit was not seen in the node-negative cohort. In a subset analysis, IDFS benefit from pertuzumab showed a hazard ratio of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.92) for HR-positive disease and a hazard ratio of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.63 to 1.10) for HR-negative disease. Primary cardiac events remain < 1% in both the treatment groups. No new safety signals were seen.This analysis confirms the IDFS benefit from adding pertuzumab to standard adjuvant therapy for patients with node-positive HER2-positive early BC. Longer follow-up is needed to fully assess OS benefit.
CoronaHiT: high-throughput sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genomes
Authors: Dave J. Baker, Alp Aydin, Thanh Le-Viet, Gemma L. Kay, Steven Rudder, Leonardo de Oliveira Martins, Ana P. Tedim, Anastasia Kolyva, Maria Diaz, Nabil-Fareed Alikhan, Lizzie Meadows, Andrew Bell, Ana Victoria Gutierrez, Alexander J. Trotter, Nicholas M. Thomson, Rachel Gilroy, Luke Griffith, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Rachael Stanley, Ian G. Charles, Ngozi Elumogo, John Wain, Reenesh Prakash, Emma Meader, Alison E. Mather, Mark A. Webber, Samir Dervisevic, Andrew J. Page, Justin O’Grady
Journal: Genome Medicine (2021)

We present CoronaHiT, a platform and throughput flexible method for sequencing SARS-CoV-2 genomes (≤ 96 on MinION or > 96 on Illumina NextSeq) depending on changing requirements experienced during the pandemic. CoronaHiT uses transposase-based library preparation of ARTIC PCR products. Method performance was demonstrated by sequencing 2 plates containing 95 and 59 SARS-CoV-2 genomes on nanopore and Illumina platforms and comparing to the ARTIC LoCost nanopore method. Of the 154 samples sequenced using all 3 methods, ≥ 90% genome coverage was obtained for 64.3% using ARTIC LoCost, 71.4% using CoronaHiT-ONT and 76.6% using CoronaHiT-Illumina, with almost identical clustering on a maximum likelihood tree. This protocol will aid the rapid expansion of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing globally.
Overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is doubled by <i>Aldh7a1</i> deletion in the KPC mouse
Authors: Jae-Seon Lee, Ho Lee, Sang Myung Woo, Hyonchol Jang, Yoon Jeon, Hee Yeon Kim, Jaewhan Song, Woo Jin Lee, Eun Kyung Hong, Sang-Jae Park, Sung-Sik Han, Soo-Youl Kim
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Rationale: The activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 7A1 (ALDH7A1), an enzyme that catalyzes the lipid peroxidation of fatty aldehydes was found to be upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). ALDH7A1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor formation in PDAC. We raised a question how ALDH7A1 contributes to cancer progression. Methods: To answer the question, the role of ALDH7A1 in energy metabolism was investigated by knocking down and knockdown gene in mouse model, because the role of ALDH7A1 has been reported as a catabolic enzyme catalyzing fatty aldehyde from lipid peroxidation to fatty acid. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation assay and immunoblotting were performed. In in vivo study, two human PDAC cell lines were used for pre-clinical xenograft model as well as spontaneous PDAC model of KPC mice was also employed for anti-cancer therapeutic effect. Results:ALDH7A1 knockdown significantly reduced tumor formation with reduction of OCR and ATP production, which was inversely correlated with increase of 4-hydroxynonenal. This implies that ALDH7A1 is critical to process fatty aldehydes from lipid peroxidation. Overall survival of PDAC is doubled by cross breeding of KPC (KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx1-Cre) and Aldh7a1-/- mice. Conclusion: Inhibitions of ALDH7A1 and oxidative phosphorylation using gossypol and phenformin resulted in a regression of tumor formation in xenograft mice model and KPC mice model.
Views and experiences of people with acne vulgaris and healthcare professionals about treatments: systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Athena Ip, Ingrid Muller, Adam W A Geraghty, Duncan Platt, Paul Little, Miriam Santer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Objectives  The objective of this study was to systematically review and synthesise qualitative papers exploring views and experiences of acne and its treatments among people with acne, their carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs).  Design  Systematic review and synthesis of qualitative papers.  Methods  Papers were identified through Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, PsychINFO and CINAHL on 05 November 2019, forward and backward citation searching, Google Scholar and contacting authors. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting qualitative data and analysis, studies carried out among people with acne, their carers or HCPs and studies comprising different skin conditions, including acne. The title and abstracts of papers were independently screened by three researchers. Appraisal was carried out using the adapted Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Thematic synthesis was used to synthesise findings.  Results  A total of 20 papers were included from six countries. Papers explored; experiences living with acne, psychosocial impact of acne, views on causation of acne, perceptions of acne treatments, ambivalence and ambiguity in young people’s experience of acne and HCPs’ attitudes towards acne management. Findings suggest that people often viewed acne as short-term and that this had implications for acne management, particularly long-term treatment adherence. People often felt that the substantial impact of acne was not recognised by others, or that their condition was ‘trivialised’ by HCPs. The sense of a lack of control over acne and control over treatment was linked to both psychological impact and treatment adherence. Concerns and uncertainty over acne treatments were influenced by variable advice and information from others.  Conclusions  People need support with understanding the long-term management of acne, building control over acne and its treatments, acknowledging the impact and appropriate information to reduce the barriers to effective treatment use.  PROSPERO registration number  CRD42016050525.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Long‐Term Continuous Glucose Monitoring Using a Fluorescence‐Based Biocompatible Hydrogel Glucose Sensor (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 3/2021)
Authors: Jun Sawayama, Shoji Takeuchi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Fluorescence based hydrogel glucose sensors are promising for improving continuous glucose monitoring. In article number 2001286 by Jun Sawayama and Shoji Takeuchi, a glucose responsive fluorescence PEG gel is developed; this hydrogel has stable glucose responses in vivo. The implantable device successfully traces blood glucose concentrations in diabetic model animal experiments. The device measures the glucose concentration with an equivalent accuracy to that required for clinically available settings.
REPLY:
Authors: Nachiket Vartak, Jan G. Hengstler
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

TO THE EDITOR: We appreciate the commentary on our study.(1). We do not contest the Sperber hypothesis of osmotically driven water influx in bile formation per se. Rather, our data contests the belief that this water influx occurs in canaliculi to cause a "canalicular flow." We refine the Sperber hypothesis by showing that (1) the anatomical site (Sperber's "bile capillaries") where basal and secretin-induced as well as bile acid (BA)-stimulated water influx occurs is the intralobular bile duct and (2) canalicular bile flux is dominated by diffusion through the network and not by fluid flow. The cited transient reduction in extrahepatic bile flow induced by estradiol-17-glucuronide (E17G)(2) is not in conflict with the refined Sperber hypothesis because E17G induces several changes in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes that could explain this effect. E17G inactivates the canalicular bile transporter BSEP by direct inhibition from the apical side(3) and endocytic removal from the canalicular membrane,(4) leading to reduced BA concentrations in the canalicular and ductular lumina. This in turn reduces BA-TGR5–mediated ion secretion and bile flow in the duct.(5) A simultaneous decrease in ductular BA concentration and water excretion explains why the bile volume decreases without an increase in BA concentration. Other possibilities include direct effects of E17G on cholangiocytes, e.g., inhibition of HCO3- and Cl- channels in the gastrointestinal tract,(6) which are considered important for ductular water influx. The mechanisms of the complex and nonlinear E17G-induced temporal changes in bile flow, BA output, and BA concentration are not yet fully understood. However, neither the Sperber hypothesis nor the cited data mandate that the site of osmotic water influx must be the canalicular network. The refined explanation we propose is equally consistent with the cited previous data and a diffusion-dominated canalicular flux (1). In contrast, the (unproven) simplistic "osmotic canalicular flow" model runs into inconsistencies: (1) The E17G-induced decrease in postulated canalicular water influx implies a decreased extrahepatic bile flow with a simultaneous increase in BA concentration, provided the rate of BA secretion remains constant. Instead, the data cited show that the BA concentration did not increase. (2) The recovery of bile flow is delayed compared to the recovery of BA amount, contradicting an osmotic 1:1 relationship. When the technology (or eclipses) allows for hypothesis verification, we are compelled to accept general relativistic complexity in lieu of Newtonian simplicity. To paraphrase Einstein from his Herbert Spencer Lecture (1933), everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler.