tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Additives in Fibers and Fabrics
Authors: Robert H. Barker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The additives and contaminants which occur in textile fibers vary widely, depending on the type of fiber and the pretreatment which it has received. Synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyester contain trace amounts of contaminants such as catalysts and catalyst deactivators which remain after the synthesis of the basic polymers. In addition, there are frequently a number of materials which are added to perform specific functions in almost all man-made fibers. Examples of these would include traces of metals or metal salts used as tracers for identification of specific lots of fiber, TiO2 or similar materials added as delustrants, and a host of organic species added for such special purposes as antistatic agents or flame retardants. There may also be considerable quantities of residual monomer or small oligomers dissolved in the polymer matrix. The situation becomes even more complex after the fibers are converted into fabric form. Numerous materials are applied at various stages of fabric preparation to act as lubricants, sizing agents, antistats, bleaches, and wetting agents to facilitate the processing, but these are normally removed before the fabric reaches the cutters of the ultimate consumers and therefore usually do not constitute potential hazards. However, there are many other chemical agents which are frequently added during the later stages of fabric preparation and which are not designed to be removed. Aside from dyes and printing pigments, the most common additive for apparel fabrics is a durable press treatment. This generally involves the use of materials capable of crosslinking cellulosics by reacting through such functions as N-methylolated amides or related compounds such as ureas and carbamates. These materials pose some potential hazards due to both the nitrogenous bases and the formaldehyde which they usually release. There is usually also some residual catalyst in fabrics which have received such treatments. Other types of chemical treatments which are often applied to fabrics to achieve special effects include flame retardants, soil release agents, antistatic agents, softeners, water and/or oil repellents, ultraviolet absorbers, bacteriostats, and fungistats.
Emergence of Responsive Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Probes for Imaging Tumor‐Associated Metabolites
Authors: Hang Yin, Ziyi Jin, Wenjia Duan, Bing Han, Limei Han, Cong Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

As a core hallmark of cancer, metabolic reprogramming alters the metabolic networks of cancer cells to meet their insatiable appetite for energy and nutrient. Tumor-associated metabolites, the products of metabolic reprogramming, are valuable in evaluating tumor occurrence and progress timely and accurately because their concentration variations usually happen earlier than the aberrances demonstrated in tissue structure and function. As an optical spectroscopic technique, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers advantages in imaging tumor-associated metabolites, including ultrahigh sensitivity, high specificity, multiplexing capacity, and uncompromised signal intensity. This review first highlights recent advances in the development of stimuli-responsive SERS probes. Then the mechanisms leading to the responsive SERS signal triggered by tumor metabolites are summarized. Furthermore, biomedical applications of these responsive SERS probes, such as the image-guided tumor surgery and liquid biopsy examination for tumor molecular typing, are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the responsive SERS probes for clinical translation are also discussed.
Relation of student learning to physician performance
Authors: B. H. Mawardi
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Student learning for what? Usually we are thinking about student learning of facts related to scientific competence, but there is the equally important learning of attitudes and, through the complex process of identification, the development of a professional identity dedicated to applying acquired knowledge and skills to the care of the patient. At Western Reserve University, we are conducting a career study among our graduates because we are interested in looking, in the maximum depth possible in a survey, at many aspects of the physician's professional life and performance. And, indeed, we do intend to relate it to the learning experiences he had in medical school. One of the basic purposes of the study is to establish a baseline of what medical careers are like for the graduate educated under the more traditional program Western Reserve had formerly and to compare this baseline with the performance in careers of alumni
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Knowledge about the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection gained since 1988 has necessitated an update of our previously published policies.Important advances have been made in the treatment of HIV infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), resulting in a prolongation of the symptom-free period. Transmission of HIV infection from a dentist to several of his patients is believed to have occurred. Heterosexual transmission of HIV infection is increasing in importance. This statement emphasizes the ethical imperative to care for all patients; the need for health care professionals to adhere scrupulously to universal precautions because of the low but definite risk for transmission of HIV in the health care setting; the expanded recommendations for HIV testing to identify infected persons as early as possible; and the need for national leadership in public education, public policy development, and health care funding. *This position paper was authored by Theodore C. Eickhoff, MD, and was developed for the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American College of Physicians (ACP) Health and Public Policy Committee by the Clinical Practice Subcommittee: David J. Gullen, MD, Chair; Whitney Addington, MD; Louis M. Aledort, MD; Sandra Adamson Fryhofer, MD; Edgar B. Jackson, Jr., MD; Nicole Lurie, MD; Bruce J. Sams, Jr., MD; John P. Tooker, MD; Constance M. Winslow, MD, MBA. Members of the Health and Public Policy Committee were: Clifton R. Cleaveland, MD, Chair; Cecil O. Samuelson, Jr., MD, Vice-Chair; Robert A. Berenson, MD; Christine K. Cassel, MD; John M. Eisenberg, MD; David J. Gullen, MD; Woodrow A. Myers, Jr., MD; Steven A. Schroeder, MD; Harold C. Sox, Jr., MD; Gerald E. Thomson, MD; Quentin D. Young, MD. Members of the IDSA HIV Committee were: King K. Holmes, MD, PhD, Chair; Donald Armstrong, MD; Donald Burke, MD; Julie Gerberding, MD, MPH; Daniel F. Hoth, MD; Newton E. Hyslop, Jr., MD; Harold W. Jaffe, MD; Henry Masur, MD; John P. Phair, MD; Philip A. Pizzo, MD; Jack S. Remington, MD; Merle A. Sande, MD; Edmund C. Tramont, MD; Catherine M. Wilfert, MD; Constance B. Wofsy, MD. Members of the IDSA Council were: Merle A. Sande, MD, President; Gerald L. Mandell, MD; Vincent T. Andriole, MD; Catherine M. Wilfert, MD; R. Gordon Douglas, MD; Ward E. Bullock, MD; Ellie J. C. Goldstein, MD; Adolf W. Karchmer, MD; Dennis G. Maki, MD; Allan R. Ronald, MD; Walter E. Stamm, MD. The paper was approved by the ACP Board of Regents on 23 March 1992 and by the IDSA Council on 21 March 1993.
A prospective, single-center, phase II randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of exercise during intravesical therapy for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.
Authors: Fernanda Z. Arthuso, Adrian S. Fairey, Normand G. Boulé, Kerry S. Courneya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS600 Background: Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for about 75% of newly diagnosed bladder cancers. The treatment for NMIBC initially involves transurethral resection of the bladder tumor followed by six weeks of induction intravesical therapy. NMIBC has a high rate of recurrence (31-78%) and progression (15%). Moreover, bladder cancer and its treatments may affect patient functioning, quality of life, and increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Exercise is a safe and effective intervention for many cancer patients groups, however, no studies have examined exercise during intravesical therapy for NMIBC. Bladder cancer and exeRcise trAining during intraVesical thErapy (BRAVE) is the first phase II randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of exercise for NMIBC patients during intravesical therapy. An exploratory aim is to track the short-term bladder cancer recurrence and progression rates for each trial arm. Methods: BRAVE has a target sample size of 66 men or women diagnosed with NMIBC undergoing intravesical therapy with chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents. Participants are being randomly assigned to usual care or exercise intervention, which consists of three supervised, high-intensity interval training sessions/week for 12-weeks. Safety is being evaluated by any adverse events during the physical fitness assessments or exercise sessions. Feasibility will be evaluated by eligibility, recruitment, adherence, and attrition rates. Preliminary efficacy endpoints are cardiorespiratory fitness assessed by peak oxygen consumption (VO 2peak ) at 6-week (post-intravesical therapy) and 3-month surveillance cystoscopy; and complete response (CR), defined as negative cytology, imaging, and cystoscopy and, when indicated, a negative biopsy. CR will be assessed at 3-month and one-year surveillance cystoscopy follow-up. Statistical analyses will follow the intention-to-treat approach. Analysis of covariance will compare between-group VO 2peak differences at post-intervention (pre-cystoscopy). Study enrolment started May 24, 2021 and is ongoing. As of October 4, 2021, we have screened 17 NMIBC patients scheduled for intravesical therapy for eligibility; 16 (94%) were ineligible for medical (n = 11), language (n = 3), or location (n = 2) reasons. All the medical reasons included severe cardiovascular diseases. One eligible patient declined due to travel distance to the facility. In the face of a slower-than-expected recruitment rate, eligibility was extended to patients in the maintenance phases of treatment for NMIBC, where patients receive three weekly instillations of intravesical therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT04593862.
Erratum for the Research Article: “Exosomes secreted by hiPSC-derived cardiac cells improve recovery from myocardial infarction in swine” by L. Gao, L. Wang, Y. Wei, P. Krishnamurthy, G. P. Walcott, P. Menasché, J. Zhang
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2020)

In the Research Article “Exosomes secreted by hiPSC-derived cardiac cells improve recovery from myocardial infarction in swine,” the images displayed in Fig. 4A lower right panel and fig. S7C of the Supplementary Materials were incorrect. The legends for the figures were correct as written and remain unchanged. The online PDF and HTML (full text) of main text and the Supplementary Materials have been updated with the corrected figure panels.
Stage I testicular cancer: Five-year follow-up rates and reasons for non-adherence.
Authors: Tim Karmas, Patrick Holland, Kara Matheson, Lori Wood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

412 Background: For stage I testicular cancer patients, active surveillance or follow up (f/u) post treatment is an integral part of quality care. Most guidelines recommend a minimum of 5 years of f/u however, it is known that a significant proportion of patients do not meet this milestone. The goal of this project was to determine what proportion of patients did not undergo ≥ 5 years of f/u in Nova Scotia (NS) and to document the reasons why. This would allow one to develop strategies to improve compliance and quality care. Methods: A review of all patients from NS diagnosed with testicular cancer between 2006-2015 was conducted. REB approval was obtained. Data from the provincial registry and electronic medical records was used to determine date of diagnosis, relapse/death, and f/u dates. Complete f/u was defined as: a patient having tumor markers, imaging studies, and/or clinical documentation ≥ 5 after initial diagnosis or relapse. The adequacy of f/u investigations was not recorded. If follow up was &lt; 5 years, the reason for this was recorded. Results: In this cohort, 151 patients had stage I testicular cancer; 108 with seminoma (75% on surveillance) and 43 with nonseminoma (93% on surveillance). The median age was: 35.8 years. 48 pts (31.8%) were not seen at a cancer center (until relapse in 5 pts). Excluding 2 pts who died of unrelated causes, 44 patients (29.5%) had &lt; 5 years f/u in NS. The most common reasons were: moved or probably moved in 17 (38.6%) and patient compliance/missing ≥2 appointments in 10 (22.7%). Modifiable reasons for incomplete f/u include: discharged too early from the cancer center in 3 patients, f/u never arranged post orchiectomy in 2 patients, and care transferred to primary care which did not occur in 1 patient. 22 patients relapsed: 3 in patients with lack of ≥ 5 years of f/u causing excess morbidity in 1 case. No patients died of testicular cancer. Conclusions: The majority of men with stage I testicular cancer had ≥ 5 years of f/u in NS as recommended by guidelines. However, 30% did not, with the most common reason being that the patient moved in 39% (where they may or may not have had f/u) and noncompliance in 23%. This study reinforces the need to have a seamless transition of care for this young, mobile patient population and easy, automated, regular appointment reminders. These results have led us to explore the creation of a phone-based app to improve follow up care and transition of care.
Therapeutic correction of hemophilia A using 2D endothelial cells and multicellular 3D organoids derived from CRISPR/Cas9-engineered patient iPSCs
Authors: Jeong Sang Son, Chul-Yong Park, Gyunggyu Lee, Ji Young Park, Hyo Jin Kim, Gyeongmin Kim, Kyun Yoo Chi, Dong-Hun Woo, Choongseong Han, Sang Kyum Kim, Han-Jin Park, Dong-Wook Kim, Jong-Hoon Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
St. George's Hospital
Authors: G. G. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1858)

little pus, and there was discovered disease of the bodlies of the seventhl, eighth, and ninth dorsal vertebra.On the thoracic surface of these bones was fouind a sarcomatous mass, which, on sectioni, looked something like " hard encepbaloid" deposit.On microscopic examinatioin, nothing could be seen distinctive of cancer, but the structure seemed to consist of fibrous tissue, mnixed with small nucleal bodies.The posterior part of the bodies of the vertebrom was completely hollowed out by ulcera- tion, and infiltrated with pus in the neighbourhoodi of the
European Association of Urology Guidelines on the Management of Female Non-neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Part 2: Underactive Bladder, Bladder Outlet Obstruction, and Nocturia
Authors: Salvador Arlandis, Kari Bø, Hanny Cobussen-Boekhorst, Elisabetta Costantini, Monica de Heide, Fawzy Farag, Jan Groen, Markos Karavitakis, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Margarida Manso, Serenella Monagas Arteaga, Arjun K. Nambiar, Aisling Nic An Riogh, Eabhann O'Connor, Muhammad Imran Omar, Benoit Peyronnet, Veronique Phé, Vasileios I. Sakalis, Néha Sihra, Lazaros Tzelves, Mary-Lynne van Poelgeest-Pomfret, Tine W.L. van den Bos, Huub van der Vaart, Christopher K. Harding
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Abstract 263: CPR Posture for Life-Threatening Bleeding
Authors: Nathan P Charlton, Robert Solberg, Justin Rizer, William Woods, Eunice Singletary, Craig Goolsby
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Bleeding from traumatic injury is a major source of morbidity and mortality, however, little data is available to aid guidelines developers in best practice of applying direct pressure when treating life-threatening hemorrhage. Hypothesis: This study investigated the use of two-handed pressure with bent arms versus two-handed pressure with straight arms to apply direct pressure to a hemorrhage model. Methods: Participants were recruited as a convenience sample in this IRB-approved study. A standardized hemorrhage control trainer with electronic feedback (Z-Medica), was set to record a minimum pressure of 3 psi (155 mmHg) as satisfactory pressure. Participants were randomized and instructed to use either two hands overlapping using arm strength only, or two hands overlapping with arms straight in a “CPR-like” position to apply force. Participants were allowed to train for 30 seconds and then were asked to hold pressure at or above 3 psi for a three minute time period. Participants were not given any feedback during testing. The program output reported the percent of time above the 3 psi pressure following participant completion of the 3 minute time period. Results: Thirty participants were enrolled and had data available for analysis. Demographics were statistically similar across groups. When using bent arms, participants provided pressure at or above 3 psi 63.7 % (SD 33.1) of the time. Participants using the “CPR posture” were above 3 psi 100% (SD 0) of the time [mean difference 36.27% (95% CI 18.78-53.75%]. The difference between the two experimental arms remained statistically significant when examined by age, gender, or medical experience. Conclusions: A straight-armed “CPR posture” allowed participants to successfully apply pressure to stop simulated bleeding, according to study parameters, 100% of the time. This information provides evidence about the most efficient way to provide high quality direct pressure to stop life-threatening hemorrhage. This method appears applicable to a broad demographic. As this posture is already widely taught in CPR classes, it can be easily adopted for hemorrhage control.
Behcet's disease.
Authors: R Graham-Brown
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Motor activity is often initiated by a population of command-like interneurons. Command-like interneurons that reliably drive programs have received the most attention, so little is known about how less reliable command-like interneurons may contribute to program generation. We study two electrically coupled interneurons, cerebral-buccal interneuron-2 (CBI-2) and CBI-11, which activate feeding motor programs in the mollusk <i>Aplysia californica</i>. Earlier work indicated that, in rested preparations, CBI-2, a powerful activator of programs, can trigger ingestive and egestive programs. CBI-2 reliably generated ingestive patterns only when it was repeatedly stimulated. The ability of CBI-2 to trigger motor activity has been attributed to the two program-promoting peptides it contains, FCAP and CP2. Here, we show that CBI-11 differs from CBI-2 in that it contains FCAP but not CP2. Furthermore, it is weak in its ability to drive programs. On its own, CBI-11 is therefore less effective as a program activator. When it is successful, however, CBI-11 is an effective specifier of motor activity; that is, it drives mostly ingestive programs. Importantly, we found that CBI-2 and CBI-11 complement each other9s actions. First, prestimulation of CBI-2 enhanced the ability of CBI-11 to drive programs. This effect appears to be partly mediated by CP2. Second, coactivation of CBI-11 with CBI-2 makes CBI-2 programs immediately ingestive. This effect may be mediated by specific actions that CBI-11 exerts on pattern-generating interneurons. Therefore, different classes of command-like neurons in a motor network may make distinct, but potentially complementary, contributions as either activators or specifiers of motor activity.
Epithelial and sensory mechanisms of nasal hyperreactivity
Authors: Enrique Velasco, Miguel Delicado‐Miralles, Peter W. Hellings, Juana Gallar, Laura Van Gerven, Karel Talavera
Journal: Allergy (2022)

"Nasal hyperreactivity" is a key feature in various phenotypes of upper airway diseases, whereby reactions of the nasal epithelium to diverse chemical and physical stimuli are exacerbated. In this review, we illustrate how nasal hyperreactivity can result from at least three types of mechanisms: (1) impaired barrier function, (2) hypersensitivity to external and endogenous stimuli, and (3) potentiation of efferent systems. We describe the known molecular basis of hyperreactivity related to the functional impairment of epithelial cells and somatosensory innervation, and indicate that the thermal, chemical, and mechanical sensors determining hyperreactivity in humans remain to be identified. We delineate research directions that may provide new insights into nasal hyperreactivity associated with rhinitis/rhinosinusitis pathophysiology and therapeutics. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying nasal hyperreactivity is essential for the treatment of rhinitis according to the precepts of precision medicine.
Evening colic.
Journal: BMJ (1966)

MEDBALJOURNALused when giving N.A.C. to asthmatics, as I. L. Bernstein and R. W. Ausdenmoore14 have reported bronchial spasm in 8 out of 11 such patients in whom it was tried out.Lastly, little is yet known about the effect of N.A.C. on other agents used in the treatment of chronic chest disease.For instance, D. Lawson and B. A. Saggers15 have reported that N.A.C. is destroyed by high concentrations of oxygen, and that N.A.C. itself may inactivate many of the penicillins, tetracycline, and cephaloridine.In short, N-acetylcysteine may have a place in the manage- ment of chronic bronchitis, tracheostomy, and certain post- operative cases.Its effectiveness in the long-term therapy of fibrocystic disease awaits a carefully controlled study.16
Arterial Puncture
Authors: P. Cole, J. Lumley
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Arterial puncture is now commonly used for clinical and research purposes, but it is still regarded with suspicion in some quarters (Mushin, 1964).During the past 10 months we have followed up 77 patients on whom 160 arterial punctures were performed and have recorded any complications that occurred.The majority of punctures were performed to help in diag- nosis or treatment, but a small number were for purposes of research. MethodNo. 1 (21 S.W.G. 0.9 mm.outside diameter) and No. 12 (23 S.W.G., 0.7 mm.O.D.) needles were employed through- out the series.We had previously found difficulty in obtain- ing samples with No. 20 (26 S.W.G., 0.45 mm.O.D.) needles, though Marshall (1964) states that this is practicable.Five- millilitre siliconed all-glass syringes were used for collecting the blood, and the dead-space (0.2-0.4 ml.) of the syringe and needle was filled with heparin (heparin injection B.P. 1,000
The consultant's job
Authors: I. D. Henderson, J. Briffa, J. Cogan, M. Everest, E. Fowler, R. C. King, D. Kittermaster, P. Leeson, B. Maurice, R. May, R. Miller, J. Salmon, A. C. Townsend, J. Trethowan, A. W. R. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1969)
Alcohol and Anaesthesia
Journal: JAMA (1935)

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