tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychedelics
Authors: David E. Nichols
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2016)

Psychedelics (serotonergic hallucinogens) are powerful psychoactive substances that alter perception and mood and affect numerous cognitive processes. They are generally considered physiologically safe and do not lead to dependence or addiction. Their origin predates written history, and they were employed by early cultures in many sociocultural and ritual contexts. After the virtually contemporaneous discovery of (5R,8R)-(+)-lysergic acid-N,N-diethylamide (LSD)-25 and the identification of serotonin in the brain, early research focused intensively on the possibility that LSD and other psychedelics had a serotonergic basis for their action. Today there is a consensus that psychedelics are agonists or partial agonists at brain serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors, with particular importance on those expressed on apical dendrites of neocortical pyramidal cells in layer V. Several useful rodent models have been developed over the years to help unravel the neurochemical correlates of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor activation in the brain, and a variety of imaging techniques have been employed to identify key brain areas that are directly affected by psychedelics. Recent and exciting developments in the field have occurred in clinical research, where several double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 studies of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in patients with cancer-related psychosocial distress have demonstrated unprecedented positive relief of anxiety and depression. Two small pilot studies of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy also have shown positive benefit in treating both alcohol and nicotine addiction. Recently, blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography have been employed for in vivo brain imaging in humans after administration of a psychedelic, and results indicate that intravenously administered psilocybin and LSD produce decreases in oscillatory power in areas of the brain's default mode network.
Incidence of and County Variation in Fall Injuries in US Residents Aged 65 Years or Older, 2016-2019
Authors: Geoffrey Hoffman, Nils Franco, Jennifer Perloff, Joanne Lynn, Safiyyah Okoye, Lillian Min
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

care, likely making these estimates conservative.Furthermore, claims-based measures that rely on diagnostic data may be more sensitive in areas with greater coding intensity.Our findings present population-targeted risk management opportunities to stem a growing and costly public health challenge.As injuries increase, improvements in policies and practices to prevent falls seem both possible and prudent.
The Masonic Temple Bride
Authors: D. E. Coppock
Journal: JAMA (2002)

78% OF RESPONDENTS reported that their body weights were not a serious health concern. 1 Approximately one third of these respondents were obese, two thirds were overweight, and 15% of their children were overweight.This indifference is not appropriate.Obesity may soon replace smoking as the leading cause of preventable death in the United States.Obesity may be responsible for approximately 300000 US deaths per year, and, unlike smoking, the prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing. 2 Public health officials now refer to obesity as an epidemic.Unlike infectious diseases, obesity kills and disables by gradually increasing the risk for diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer.Recent studies estimate that obesity is more strongly associated with chronic medical conditions, and reduced health-related quality of life, than smoking, heavy drinking, or poverty. 3 Articles in this issue of MSJAMA emphasize the importance of societal change to address obesity.Tarayn Grizzard examines the undertreatment of obesity by American physicians.Susan Blumenthal, Jennifer Hendi, and Lauren Marsillo argue that a public health approach is required to address the myriad environmental and sociocultural factors contributing to obesity.Lawsuits have recently emerged to uncover and redress alleged food industry misconduct that may be contributing to the obesity problem.Richard Daynard, Lauren Hash, and Anthony Robbins discuss the future of this food litigation.The prevalence of obesity among children is also rapidly increasing and has been associated with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance. 2Robert Carter reviews the rationale and the results of school-based obesity interventions.Ellen Fried and Marion Nestle argue that soda consumption makes an important contribution to childhood obesity.They describe marketing practices designed to increase soda consumption among schoolchildren and discuss recent political initiatives to restrict these practices.The burden imposed by overweight and obesity on the United States is very high.The estimated total cost of overweight and obesity in 2000 is estimated to have been $117 billion, nearly 10% of the US health care expenditure. 2By contrast, the United Nations estimates that the yearly costs of HIV/AIDS prevention and care in Africa, Asia, and Latin America will be $9.7 billion by 2005. 4 Given the exorbitant costs of obesity, more effective interventions are urgently needed to decrease its prevalence.The fact that most Americans are overweight, yet are not concerned about the health importance of their own body weights, suggests that there remains much room for improvement.
Immunologische Erkrankungen
Authors: Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Zusammenfassung Zu den immunologischen Lungenerkrankungen gehören Krankheiten sehr unterschiedlicher, z. T. noch nicht geklärter Ätiologie. Die außerordentlich zahlreichen Differentialdiagnosen immunologisch bedingter pulmonaler Erkrankungen werden mit für die Diagnosestellung hilfreichen Details aufgeführt. Durch die Weiterentwicklung diagnostischer Verfahren oder durch veränderte pathogenetische Konzepte bedingte Änderungen in Nomenklatur oder Klassifizierung werden referiert.
Cardiovascular Metabolomics
Authors: Robert W. McGarrah, Scott B. Crown, Guo-Fang Zhang, Svati H. Shah, Christopher B. Newgard
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

Disturbances in cardiac metabolism underlie most cardiovascular diseases. Metabolomics, one of the newer omics technologies, has emerged as a powerful tool for defining changes in both global and cardiac-specific metabolism that occur across a spectrum of cardiovascular disease states. Findings from metabolomics studies have contributed to better understanding of the metabolic changes that occur in heart failure and ischemic heart disease and have identified new cardiovascular disease biomarkers. As technologies advance, the metabolomics field continues to evolve rapidly. In this review, we will discuss the current state of metabolomics technologies, including consideration of various metabolomics platforms and elements of study design; the emerging utility of stable isotopes for metabolic flux studies; and the use of metabolomics to better understand specific cardiovascular diseases, with an emphasis on recent advances in the field.
Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Martin L. Nusynowitz
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>A Quarter Century of Progress</h3> The 25th annual meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine in June 1978 marked an era of tremendous growth for this dynamic multidisciplinary specialty. In the silver anniversary commemorative issue of the<i>Journal of Nuclear Medicine</i>, DeLand<sup>1</sup>enumerated those nuclear medical modalities that are currently important and available to the clinician. They include procedures that represent all aspects of the field—imaging, physiological studies, in vitro procedures, and therapy. The instrumentation, radiopharmaceuticals, and techniques developed during the past quarter century have resulted in procedures such as skeletal, hepatic, and brain imaging for the diagnosis of cancer; pulmonary ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy for the evaluation of pulmonary embolism; and thyroid function testing, imaging, and hormone radioassay, indispensable in the management of thyroid disease. <h3>Noninvasive Diagnostic Methods</h3> The momentum of the past has been sustained in more recent years as well. The marriage of the digital computer to
Identifying Higher-Volume Antibiotic Outpatient Prescribers Using Publicly Available Medicare Part D Data — United States, 2019
Authors: Katryna A. Gouin, Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, Sharon Tsay, Destani Bizune, Lauri A. Hicks, Sarah Kabbani
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

Antibiotic prescribing can lead to adverse drug events and antibiotic resistance, which pose ongoing urgent public health threats (1). Adults aged ≥65 years (older adults) are recipients of the highest rates of outpatient antibiotic prescribing and are at increased risk for antibiotic-related adverse events, including Clostridioides difficile and antibiotic-resistant infections and related deaths (1). Variation in antibiotic prescribing quality is primarily driven by prescribing patterns of individual health care providers, independent of patients' underlying comorbidities and diagnoses (2). Engaging higher-volume prescribers (the top 10% of prescribers by antibiotic volume) in antibiotic stewardship interventions, such as peer comparison audit and feedback in which health care providers receive data on their prescribing performance compared with that of other health care providers, has been effective in reducing antibiotic prescribing in outpatient settings and can be implemented on a large scale (3-5). This study analyzed data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Part D Prescriber Public Use Files (PUFs)* to describe higher-volume antibiotic prescribers in outpatient settings compared with lower-volume prescribers (the lower 90% of prescribers by antibiotic volume). Among the 59.4 million antibiotic prescriptions during 2019, 41% (24.4 million) were prescribed by the top 10% of prescribers (69,835). The antibiotic prescribing rate of these higher-volume prescribers (680 prescriptions per 1,000 beneficiaries) was 60% higher than that of lower-volume prescribers (426 prescriptions per 1,000 beneficiaries). Identifying health care providers responsible for a higher volume of antibiotic prescribing could provide a basis for additional assessment of appropriateness and outreach. Public health organizations and health care systems can use publicly available data to guide focused interventions to optimize antibiotic prescribing to limit the emergence of antibiotic resistance and improve patient outcomes.
VIENNA
Journal: JAMA (1928)

<h3>The Prognosis and Frequency of Syphilitic Affection of the Aorta</h3> According to a paper by Prof. H. Schlesinger, read at the last meeting of the Gesellschaft der Aerzte in Vienna, the percentage of the population affected with syphilis is much greater than is commonly supposed. Necropsy reports indicate a low incidence; for instance, in Germany, in a large number of necropsies, only from 2.5 to 5.5 per cent gave definite evidence of changes due to syphilis. Clinical researches, however, have yielded 10 per cent—or even 15 per cent when the patients belonged to the older age groups. The estimates of dermatologists are still higher. Schlesinger found among his patients more than 14 per cent affected with syphilis, the percentage being higher among the men than among the women. Associated with the "migration" of syphilis from the skin, there has been a significant increase of neurosyphilis and mesaortitis, and it is
Diagnostic efficacy of circular RNAs as noninvasive, liquid biopsy biomarkers for early detection of gastric cancer
Authors: Souvick Roy, Mitsuro Kanda, Sachiyo Nomura, Zhongxu Zhu, Yuji Toiyama, Akinobu Taketomi, James Goldenring, Hideo Baba, Yasuhiro Kodera, Ajay Goel
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Majority of gastric cancers (GC) are diagnosed at advanced stages which contributes towards their poor prognosis. In view of this clinical challenge, identification of non-invasive biomarker for early diagnosis is imperative. Herein, we aimed to develop a non-invasive, liquid-biopsy based assay by using circular RNAs (circRNAs) as molecular biomarkers for early detection of GC.We performed systematic biomarker discovery and validation of the candidate circRNAs in matched tissue specimens of GC and adjacent normal mucosa. Next, we translated the discovered circRNA based biomarker panel into serum samples in a training and validation cohort of GC patients (n = 194) and non-disease controls (n = 94) and evaluated their diagnostic performance. In addition, we measured the expression of circRNAs in serum samples of pre- and post-surgical GC patients and evaluated the specificity of circRNAs biomarker panel with respect to other gastro-intestinal (GI) malignancies.We identified 10-circRNAs in the discovery phase with subsequent validation in a pilot cohort of GC tissue specimens. Using a training cohort of patients, we developed an 8-circRNA based risk-prediction model for the diagnosis of GC. We observed that our biomarker panel robustly discriminated GC patients from non-disease controls with an AUC of 0.87 in the training, and AUC of 0.83 in the validation cohort. Notably, the biomarker panel could robustly identify even early-stage GC patients, regardless of their tumor histology (diffuse vs. intestinal). The decreased expression of circRNAs in post-surgery serum specimens indicated their tumor-specificity and their potential source of origin in the systemic circulation.We identified a panel of 8-circRNAs as non-invasive, liquid-biopsy biomarkers which might serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for the early detection of GC.
Select Methods in Food Analysis.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF LOW RESIDUE DIETS
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health-related Quality of Life of Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Treated with Enfortumab Vedotin after Platinum and PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Therapy: Results from Cohort 1 of the Phase 2 EV-201 Clinical Trial
Authors: Bradley McGregor, Peter H. O'Donnell, Arjun Balar, Daniel Petrylak, Jonathan Rosenberg, Evan Y. Yu, David I. Quinn, Elisabeth I. Heath, Mary Campbell, Zsolt Hepp, Caroline McKay, Joyce Steinberg, Antoine Regnault, Flora Mazerolle, Matthew D. Galsky
Journal: European Urology (2022)
European Respiratory Society statement on long COVID follow-up
Authors: Katerina M. Antoniou, Eirini Vasarmidi, Anne-Marie Russell, Claire Andrejak, Bruno Crestani, Marion Delcroix, Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Venerino Poletti, Nicola Sverzellati, Michele Vitacca, Martin Witzenrath, Thomy Tonia, Antonio Spanevello
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection frequently experience symptom burden post-acute infection or post-hospitalisation. We aimed to identify optimal strategies for follow-up care that may positively impact the patient's quality of life (QoL). A European Respiratory Society (ERS) Task Force convened and prioritised eight clinical questions. A targeted search of the literature defined the timeline of “long COVID” as 1–6 months post-infection and identified clinical evidence in the follow-up of patients. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria report an association of characteristics of acute infection with persistent symptoms, thromboembolic events in the follow-up period, and evaluations of pulmonary physiology and imaging. Importantly, this statement reviews QoL consequences, symptom burden, disability and home care follow-up. Overall, the evidence for follow-up care for patients with long COVID is limited.
Current Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidence, treatment and survival of malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma: a population-based study
Authors: Job P van Kooten, Robert A Belderbos, Jan H von der Thüsen, Mieke J Aarts, Cornelis Verhoef, Jacobus A Burgers, Paul Baas, Arend G J Aalbers, Alexander P W M Maat, Joachim G J V Aerts, Robin Cornelissen, Eva V E Madsen
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive cancer that primarily arises from the pleura (MPM) or peritoneum (MPeM), mostly due to asbestos exposure. This study reviewed the Dutch population-based incidence, treatment and survival since the national ban on asbestos in 1993.Patients with MPM or MPeM diagnosed from 1993 to 2018 were selected from the Dutch cancer registry. Annual percentage change (APC) was calculated for (age-specific and sex-specific) revised European standardised incidence rates (RESR). Treatment pattern and Kaplan-Meier overall survival analyses were performed.In total, 12 168 patients were included in the study. For male patients younger than 80 years, the MM incidence significantly decreased in the last decade (APC ranging between -9.4% and -1.8%, p<0.01). Among both male and female patients aged over 80 years, the incidence significantly increased during the entire study period (APC 3.3% and 4.6%, respectively, p<0.01). From 2003 onwards, the use of systemic chemotherapy increased especially for MPM (from 9.3% to 39.4%). Overall, 62.2% of patients received no antitumour treatment. The most common reasons for not undergoing antitumour treatment were patient preference (42%) and performance status (25.6%). The median overall survival improved from 7.3 (1993-2003) to 8.9 (2004-2011) and 9.3 months from 2012 to 2018 (p<0.001).The peak of MM incidence was reached around 2010 in the Netherlands, and currently the incidence is declining in most age groups. The use of systemic chemotherapy increased from 2003, which likely resulted in improved overall survival over time. The majority of patients do not receive treatment though and prognosis is still poor.
Corrigendum to: The Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (NCI-MATCH) Trial: Lessons for Genomic Trial Design
Authors: Keith Flaherty, Robert Gray, Alice Chen, Shuli Li, David Patton, Stanley Hamilton, Paul Williams, Edith Mitchell, A Iafrate, Jeffrey Sklar, Lyndsay Harris, Lisa Mcshane, Larry Rubinstein, David Sims, Mark Routbort, Brent Coffey, Tony Fu, James Zwiebel, Richard Little, Donna Marinucci, Robert Catalano, Rick Magnan, Warren Kibbe, Carol Weil, James Tricoli, Brian Alexander, Shaji Kumar, Gary Schwartz, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Chih-Jian Lih, Worta Mccaskill-Stevens, Paolo Caimi, Naoko Takebe, Vivekananda Datta, Carlos Arteaga, Jeffrey Abrams, Robert Comis, Peter Dwyer, Barbara Conley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2021)
Antimicrobial Polymers
Authors: Anjali Jain, L. Sailaja Duvvuri, Shady Farah, Nurit Beyth, Abraham J. Domb, Wahid Khan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Better health is basic requirement of human being, but the rapid growth of harmful pathogens and their serious health effects pose a significant challenge to modern science. Infections by pathogenic microorganisms are of great concern in many fields such as medical devices, drugs, hospital surfaces/furniture, dental restoration, surgery equipment, health care products, and hygienic applications (e.g., water purification systems, textiles, food packaging and storage, major or domestic appliances etc.) Antimicrobial polymers are the materials having the capability to kill/inhibit the growth of microbes on their surface or surrounding environment. Recently, they gained considerable interest for both academic research and industry and were found to be better than their small molecular counterparts in terms of enhanced efficacy, reduced toxicity, minimized environmental problems, resistance, and prolonged lifetime. Hence, efforts have focused on the development of antimicrobial polymers with all desired characters for optimum activity. In this Review, an overview of different antimicrobial polymers, their mechanism of action, factors affecting antimicrobial activity, and application in various fields are given. Recent advances and the current clinical status of these polymers are also discussed.