tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in disease burden from prostate cancer amongst different regions of the world and extensively the European Union 15+ countries, from 1990 to 2019: Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study.
Authors: Christian Mouchati, Nour Abdallah, Chinmay Jani, Melissa Mariano, Ruchi Tusharkumar Jani, Dominic C Marshall, Harpreet Singh, Joseph Shalhoub, Justin Salciccioli, Rana R. McKay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

187 Background: Prostate cancer was the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in 2020 and the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Global variations in the burden of prostate cancer have been observed in the past decades. This study aimed to assess the trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years from prostate cancer in the World Health Organization (WHO) regions and extensively in the European Union (EU) 15+ countries from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease Study database was used to extract the mortality data of prostate cancer, based on the International Classification of Diseases versions 10 and 9. Data acquired for different WHO regions and each country of the EU15+ nations, per year from 1990 to 2019, included age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized death rates (ASDR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIR) were then computed. Trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, ASIRs increased worldwide (+13.16%), except in the American region, with the largest growth in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) (+72.43%). While ASDRs and DALYs increased in Africa, South-East Asia, and EMR, they decreased in the Americas, Europe, and Western Pacific Region (WPR). MIRs decreased universally (-25.52%), mainly in the WPR (-43.49%). In EU15+ countries, ASIRs increased in all countries, except for Canada (-11.27%) and the United States of America (USA) (-10.37%), with the largest rise in Finland (+75.11%). ASDRs decreased in all countries, with the widest drop in Luxembourg (-41.89%) and the lowest in Denmark (-13.96%). MIRs decreased in all countries, with the highest drop in Finland (-55.37%). Similarly, DALYs decreased in all countries, with the highest decrease in Luxembourg (-40.56%). In 2019, the highest ASIR was in the USA (118.24/100,000), whereas Denmark had the highest ASDR (31.35/100,000), MIR (0.38/100,000), and DALY (498.03/100,000). Conclusions: Over the 30 years, the incidence of prostate cancer has been rising worldwide, excluding Canada and the USA. However, the universal decrease of MIRs highlights improved outcomes and efficient screening and therapeutic strategies. All indices are represented per 100,000 population.[Table: see text]
THOMAS KEITH ON. FIBROIDS OF THE UTERUS.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Development and Initial Validation of a Novel System to Assess Ichthyosis Severity
Authors: Qisi Sun, Sarah Asch, Cheryl Bayart, Susan J. Bayliss, Latanya Benjamin, Anna Bruckner, John J. DiGiovanna, Philip Fleckman, Tracy Funk, Anne Lucky, Caroline A. Nelson, Brandon Newell, Ingrid Polcari, Joyce Teng, Mary L. Williams, Geliang Gan, Yanhong Deng, Amy S. Paller, Keith A. Choate
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> A comprehensive, user-friendly system to assess global ichthyosis disease burden is imperative to improving the care of patients with ichthyosis, identifying appropriate participants for clinical trials, and quantifying treatment outcomes. To our knowledge, there is currently no validated scale to objectively and systematically measure ichthyosis severity across the entire body. <h3>Objective</h3> To create and evaluate a comprehensive and user-friendly instrument to measure total body ichthyosis severity in adults and children. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> In this qualitative study, ichthyosis experts participated in the content development of the Ichthyosis Scoring System (ISS). The body was divided into 10 regions, and Likert scales (0-4) were created to quantify scale and erythema, with extensive descriptors and photographic standards. An 83-image teaching set was created from photographs of participants with ichthyosis. Two cohorts of dermatologists (11 total) independently scored all test photographs twice to evaluate interrater and intrarater reliabilities. Participants were enrolled worldwide from referral centers and patient advocacy groups. Participants of all ages, races, and ethnicities were included in the creation of ISS, and dermatologists with varying experience and areas of expertise participated as raters to evaluate the ISS. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2021, and the data were analyzed in 2021. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Intraclass correlation coefficients determined overall reliabilities. <h3>Results</h3> Across both cohorts of 11 dermatologists in total, the intraclass correlation coefficients for total, scale and erythema scores were greater than 0.90 (95% CI, 0.77-0.97), greater than 0.91 (95% CI, 0.79-0.98), and greater than 0.88 (95% CI, 0.72-0.97), respectively. Most body sites exhibited moderate to good interrater reliabilities for scale and erythema. Intrarater reliabilities were good to excellent. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The results of this qualitative study demonstrate reproducibility and suggest that the ISS is a reliable system to measure global ichthyosis severity in adults and children.
Antiarrhythmic drugs.
Authors: W S Hillis, B Whiting
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Having established an ambulatory service for patients with suspected and proven PE, we reviewed our outcomes. All patients referred from June 2010 to May 2012 were analysed. Of 971 patients referred, 905 underwent complete assessment (66 admitted as ineligible). 754 (77.7%) patients were discharged and required no follow-up. 96 (10.6%) patients had PE confirmed of whom 70 (72.9%) were managed as outpatients. 14 (1.6%) patients have died since attending the clinic; no death was related to PE. This audit shows that ambulatory investigation and management of selected low risk patients with suspected PE is safe and reduces hospital admissions.
A MEDICAL LIBEL SUIT AMICABLY SETTLED.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"Vasovagal" syncope.
Authors: M Johnstone
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>Abstract</h3> We report a family of K<sup>+</sup> channels, kalium channelrhodopsins (KCRs) from a fungus-like protist. Previously known potassium channels, widespread and mainly ligand- or voltage-gated, share a conserved pore-forming domain and K<sup>+</sup>-selectivity filter. KCRs differ in that they are light-gated and they have independently evolved an alternative K<sup>+</sup> selectivity mechanism. The KCRs are potent, highly selective of K<sup>+</sup> over Na<sup>+</sup>, and open in less than 1 millisecond following photoactivation. Their permeability ratio P<sub>K</sub>/P<sub>Na</sub> of ∼ 20 make KCRs powerful hyperpolarizing tools that suppress excitable cell firing upon illumination, demonstrated here in mouse cortical neurons. KCRs enable specific optogenetic photocontrol of K<sup>+</sup> gradients promising for the study and potential treatment of potassium channelopathies such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and long-QT syndrome and other cardiac arrhythmias. <h3>One-Sentence Summary</h3> Potassium-selective channelrhodopsins long-sought for optogenetic research and therapy of neurological and cardiac diseases.
Immunotherapy to prevent progression on active surveillance study (IPASS): A phase II, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of PROSTVAC in prostate cancer patients who are candidates for active surveillance.
Authors: J Kellogg Parsons, Peter A. Pinto, Howard L. Parnes, Christian P. Pavlovich, Edward M. Uchio, Mike Minh Nguyen, Hyung Lae Kim, James L. Gulley, Houssein Abdul Sater, Christina Jamieson, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Malgorzata E. Wojtowicz, Jeffrey Schlom, Renee Nicole Donahue, Sara Centuori, Shania Bailey, Julie E. Bauman, H H Chow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

249 Background: Immunotherapy could potentially prevent disease progression for early-stage prostate cancer. In this randomized Phase 2 clinical trial, we evaluated the clinical effects of PROSTVAC, a vaccinia/fowlpox viral vector-based immunotherapy that contains PSA and three T-cell costimulatory molecules, in patients with localized prostate cancer. Methods:154 patients with clinically localized, low- or favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer active surveillance were randomized (2:1) to receive 7 doses of subcutaneous PROSTVAC or placebo (empty fowlpox vector) over 140 days. Post-intervention prostate biopsy was performed 7-14 days after the last dose. Participants were followed for 6 months post-treatment. The primary outcome was change from baseline to post-vaccination in CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration in biopsy tumor tissue. Secondary outcomes included changes in prostate biopsy Gleason grade (Grade Group) and serum PSA. Results: There were no differences in CD4 and CD8 densities (count of cells/mm 2 ) in post-treatment biopsy tumor tissue between groups ( p = 0.63 and p = 0.75, respectively). Compared to placebo, patients who received PROSTVAC were less likely to demonstrate upgrading at follow-up biopsy, but this difference did not attain significance (22% vs. 40%, p= 0.08). There was no difference in the change of PSA from baseline to 6 months post-treatment between arms ( p= 0.30). Conclusions: In this first-of-kind trial of immunotherapy for localized prostate cancer, PROSTVAC was well tolerated but did not elicit significant prostate tissue T-cell responses compared to placebo. The favorable post-treatment biopsy grade findings in PROSTVAC patients merit further evaluation and longer-term clinical follow-up. Clinical trial information: NCT02326805.
Abstract 335: Distinguishing Cardiac From Non-Cardiac Causes of Sudden Death: The Value of Novel Factors to Identify Risk of SCD
Authors: Katherine S Allan, Theresa Aves, Arnold Pinter, Laurie Morrison, Paul Dorian
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Identifying those at risk for Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is imperative to prevent future events. There may be risk factors (RFs), triggers or warning symptoms preceding the SCD that could help identify those at greatest risk. Methods: This retrospective study included out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) of “no obvious cause” in the Greater Toronto Area, ages 2-45 from 2009-2012. Expert reviewers systematically adjudicated EMS, coroner, autopsy, toxicology and police reports to classify the etiology of arrest as SCD or SD due to non-cardiac etiologies (non-cardiac SDs). We compared past medical history, triggers and symptoms in the adjudicated SCD and non-cardiac SD groups and assessed their potential associations with SCD. Results: 872 OHCAs were classified as SCDs (488; 56%) or non-cardiac SDs (384; 44%). The SCDs were mostly CAD (203; 41.6%), structural (155; 31.8%), congenital (8; 1.6%) and primary arrhythmic (76; 15.6%). The non-cardiac SDs were due to acute infection (67; 17.4%), metabolic (75, 19.5%), epilepsy (69, 18.0%), vascular (106; 27.6%) and respiratory (35, 9.1%). Cardiac RFs and exercise as a trigger were observed significantly more in SCDs vs. non-cardiac SDs (Table 1). Symptoms ≤24 hours prior were similar between groups except for chest pain and diaphoresis. After adjusting for patient and resuscitation variables, factors associated with increased risk of SCD were: increasing age (OR 1.03; 95%CI 1.01-1.05), male sex (OR 1.90; 95%CI 1.30-2.70), HTN (OR 1.80; 95%CI 1.11-3.10), smoking (1.60; 95%CI 1.02-2.60), public location (OR 2.10; 95%CI 1.13-3.80), exercise (OR 3.0 95%CI 1.56-5.59) and chest pain ≤24 hours prior (OR 2.90 95%CI 1.30-6.42). Conclusion: Many young SCDs have previously diagnosed cardiac RFs and acute symptoms suggestive of ischemia prior to their event. These findings highlight the potential value of better public awareness in the younger age group for signs and symptoms of ischemia and potential risk for SCD.
Abstract 17021: Disruption in Circadian Rhythms Triggers Arrhythmias &amp; Sudden Death in LQT3 Mice
Authors: Elizabeth A Schroder, John L Stumpf, Tanya Seward, Karyn A Esser, Brian P Delisle
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: The autosomal dominant long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3) is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the pore-forming cardiac sodium channel α-subunit Na V 1.5 ( Scn5a ). A major challenge for treating LQT3 patients is predicting when or if a potentially life-threatening cardiac event (syncope or cardiac arrest) will strike. For example, longitudinal data from five LQT3 families with the Δ1505-1507KPQ mutation show only 33% of patients are symptomatic, and most symptomatic patients suffered only a single event (n = 46 patients; average age = 41 ± 23 years; average QTc interval = 510 ± 50 ms). The data suggest external stressors play a key role for triggering cardiac events in LQT3. Hypothesis: Disruptions in circadian rhythms can act as an external stressor to trigger LQT3-releated cardiac events. Methods: We disrupted the circadian rhythms in older wild type (WT) or Scn5a +/ΔKPQ mice using an established model of chronic jet lag (chronic light phase advance or CPA). The light cycle was advanced 6 hours every 4 days for 65 days. Mice were monitored using in vivo telemetry before and during CPA. Heart size and cardiac fibrosis were measured using immunohistochemistry. Results and Conclusions: Actograms for both WT and Scn5a +/ΔKPQ mice showed that CPA disrupted diurnal activity patterns. Before starting CPA, the Scn5a +/ΔKPQ mice had longer heart rate corrected QT (QTc) intervals compared to WT mice (Pre-WT = 45 ± 2 ms vs. Pre- Scn5a +/ΔKPQ = 54 ± 7 ms, n = 5, p&lt;0.05). Twenty days after CPA, the QTc intervals in Scn5a +/ΔKPQ mice became even longer (CPA-WT = 47 ± 2 ms vs. CPA- Scn5a +/ΔKPQ = 63 ± 6 ms, p&lt;0.05 compared to Pre-WT and Pre- Scn5a +/ΔKPQ ). Shockingly, all 5 of the Scn5a +/ΔKPQ mice undergoing CPA died within 65 days. Most deaths occurred after repeating patterns of premature contractions or prolonged episodes of bradycardia. In contrast, none of the age-matched control Scn5a +/ΔKPQ mice died (n = 5). Compared to the hearts of control Scn5a +/ΔKPQ mice, the hearts from CPA Scn5a +/ΔKPQ mice did not show changes in size or thickness but had more fibrosis (control = 9 ± 2%, CPA = 15 ± 2%; p&lt;0.05). These data show that chronic disruption of circadian rhythms in Scn5a +/ΔKPQ mice exacerbates QTc prolongation, increases arrhythmias, and causes premature mortality.
PD-L1 blockade liberates intrinsic antitumourigenic properties of glycolytic macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li-Gong Lu, Zhi-Ling Zhou, Xu-Yan Wang, Bo-Yuan Liu, Jin-Ying Lu, Shuai Liu, Guang-Bo Zhang, Mei-Xiao Zhan, Yun Chen
Journal: Gut (2022)

Objective Patients with increased PD-L1 + host cells in tumours are more potent to benefit from antiprogrammed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) treatment, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We aim to elucidate the nature, regulation and functional relevance of PD-L1 + host cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Design A total of untreated 184 HCC patients was enrolled randomly. C57BL/6 mice are given injection of Hepa1-6 cells to form autologous hepatoma. ELISpot, flow cytometry and real-time PCR are applied to analyse the phenotypic characteristics of PD-L1 + cells isolated directly from HCC specimens paired with blood samples or generated from ex vivo and in vitro culture systems. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry are performed to detect the presence of immune cells on paraffin-embedded and formalin-fixed samples. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of metabolic switching are assessed by both in vitro and in vivo studies. Results We demonstrate that PD-L1 + host macrophages, which constructively represent the major cellular source of PD-L1 in HCC tumours, display an HLA-DR high CD86 high glycolytic phenotype, significantly produce antitumourigenic IL-12p70 and are polarised by intrinsic glycolytic metabolism. Mechanistically, a key glycolytic enzyme PKM2 triggered by hepatoma cell derived fibronectin 1, via a HIF-1α-dependent manner, concurrently controls the antitumourigenic properties and inflammation-mediated PD-L1 expression in glycolytic macrophages. Importantly, although increased PKM2 + glycolytic macrophages predict poor prognosis of patients, blocking PD-L1 on these cells eliminates PD-L1-dominant immunosuppression and liberates intrinsic antitumourigenic properties. Conclusions Selectively modulating the ‘context’ of glycolytic macrophages in HCC tumours might restore their antitumourigenic properties and provide a precise strategy for anticancer therapy.
Child Protection Intervention and the Sexual and Reproductive Health of Female Adolescents Ages 13 to 17 Years
Authors: Sarah A. Font, Michael Caniglia, Reeve Kennedy, Jennie G. Noll
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Child maltreatment adversely affects health and development, but evidence is needed regarding whether and how Child Protective Services (CPS) interventions may mitigate risks.
Repertoire analyses reveal T cell antigen receptor sequence features that influence T cell fate
Authors: Kaitlyn A. Lagattuta, Joyce B. Kang, Aparna Nathan, Kristen E. Pauken, Anna Helena Jonsson, Deepak A. Rao, Arlene H. Sharpe, Kazuyoshi Ishigaki, Soumya Raychaudhuri
Journal: Nature Immunology (2022)
Blood Transfusion
Authors: J. Vaughan
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Medical School, Hammersmith Transfusion in Acute CasesThe acute group may be roughly divided into three types:(1) patients with haemorrhage so severe as to result in anox- ae,mia; (2) patients suffering from shock rather than blood loss; and (3) patients with severe multiple injuries and considerable haemorrhage without obvious shock.
CD47‐ and Integrin <i>α</i>4/<i>β</i>1‐Comodified‐Macrophage‐Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles Enable Delivery of Colchicine to Atherosclerotic Plaque (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 4/2022)
Authors: Yuyu Li, Junyi Che, Lei Chang, Meng Guo, Xue Bao, Dan Mu, Xuan Sun, Xin Zhang, Wen Lu, Jun Xie
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Modified Macrophage Membranes In article number 2101788 by Wen Lu, Jun Xie, and co-workers, a modified macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticle drug delivery system able to transport colchicine to atherosclerotic plaque is developed. The macrophage membrane is modified to highly express Integrin α4/β1 and CD47, contributing to effective accumulation of the nanoparticles in atherosclerotic plaque and attenuating foam cell formation. Intravenous injections of the hybrid system successfully reduce the lipid plaque load and improve the plaque stability.
Abstract 17037: Effect of Pregnancy on Long-Term Prosthetic Cardiac Valve Survival
Authors: Jaya Batra, Shinobu Itagaki, Natalia N Egorova, Joanna Chikwe
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: The effect of pregnancy on the lifespan of prosthetic heart valves is an important consideration in valve selection for women with valvular heart disease who may desire future pregnancy. Current evidence is mixed and limited to small, single-center studies. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 11,930 women ≤50 years of age who underwent 14,017 valve replacements in California, New Jersey, and New York State between 1990 and 2015. Patient were identified using state-run mandatory administrative databases. Average follow-up time was 9.4 years (SD 6.7 years). To evaluate the association between pregnancy and time to reoperation, time-dependent propensity scoring was used to match women with pregnancy at the time of earliest delivery with controls at risk for pregnancy within the same year after valve implantation. Controls were any woman with valve implantation and without exposure to pregnancy during the study period that was free from reoperation, death, or censoring at the time of matching. Results: Pregnancies in 417 women with 241 biologic valves and 217 mechanical valves were identified. After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences between the pregnant and control groups for both the cohorts with biologic and mechanical valves. Pregnancy was a significant risk factor for reoperation for both biologic (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6-3.8 after time-dependent propensity matching) and mechanical (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3-4.1 after time-dependent propensity matching) prostheses. For women with mechanical valves who experienced pregnancy and subsequently required reoperation, almost half of reoperations occurred within one year of delivery. Almost all were performed on valves at the mitral position (84.6%) and had diagnosis codes for valve-related complications, including valve thrombosis (76.9%). Conclusion: Pregnancy accelerates time to reoperation for both biologic and mechanical prostheses. Mechanical valves, especially those in the mitral position, are at particular risk for near-term valve loss after delivery.