tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Moving Upstream: The Importance of Examining Policies to Address Health Disparities
Authors: Hilary K. Seligman, Rita Hamad
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Chronic treatment with polyethylene-glycolated superoxide dismutase partially restores endothelium-dependent vascular relaxations in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Authors: AMügge, J HElwell, T EPeterson, T GHofmeyer, D DHeistad, D GHarrison
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The endothelium-derived relaxing factor is rapidly inactivated by superoxide radicals, and atherosclerotic vessels generate excess radical species. We tested the hypothesis that an imbalance between intrinsic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the generation of superoxide radicals in atherosclerotic arteries may result in augmented inactivation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Vascular SOD was increased in normal and cholesterol-fed (1% cholesterol for 4 months) rabbits approximately twofold by treatment with polyethylene-glycolated SOD (PEG-SOD; 41,000 units/kg/day i.m.) for 1 week. Aortic rings from these animals and nontreated control and atherosclerotic rabbits subsequently were studied in organ chambers. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine and the calcium ionophore A23187 were improved by PEG-SOD in atherosclerotic but not in normal rabbits. PEG-SOD pretreatment did not alter endothelium-independent relaxations to nitroprusside. Thus, treatment with PEG-SOD can partially re...
Diagnostic Use Of A Cap-Assisted-EGD To Evaluate The Oesophagus And Cardia (K III-STUDY)
Authors: HB Wirsching, M Abdelhafez, RM Schmid, P Klare, R Ott, E Schulte-Frohlinde, B Neu, M Kurjak, S von Delius
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Our aim was to evaluate the impact of a cap-assisted approach for diagnostic evaluation of the oesophagus compared to a standard esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).
Discrimination of single-point mutations in unamplified genomic DNA via Cas9 immobilized on a graphene field-effect transistor
Authors: Sarah Balderston, Jeffrey J. Taulbee, Elizabeth Celaya, Kandace Fung, Amanda Jiao, Kasey Smith, Reza Hajian, Giedrius Gasiunas, Simonas Kutanovas, Daehwan Kim, Jonathan Parkinson, Kenneth Dickerson, Juan-José Ripoll, Regis Peytavi, Hsiang-Wei Lu, Francie Barron, Brett R. Goldsmith, Philip G. Collins, Irina M. Conboy, Virginijus Siksnys, Kiana Aran
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2021)
Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: C. I Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed H W Reesink Karger, $193.75, pp 212 ISBN 3 8055 5866 X

The availability of serological tests for hepatitis A and B viruses in the 1970s made it clear that most parenterally transmitted hepatitis was due to neither of these viruses. It was not until 1988 that the identification of a cDNA clone made possible the first reliable diagnostic test for hepatitis C virus, the agent responsible for the vast majority of non-A, non-B hepatitis.

In the short time since then there has been a remarkable expansion of knowledge concerning this novel and ubiquitous agent. Hepatitis C Virus reviews this …
Epicardial activation of the intact human heart without conduction defect.
Authors: C RWyndham, M KMeeran, TSmith, ASaxena, R MEngelman, SLevitsky, K MRosen
Journal: Circulation (1979)

To describe the epicardial ventricular activation sequence in the intact human heart, we obtained epicardial maps from 11 patients with normal QRS undergoing open heart surgery. Epicardial breakthrough (EBT), defined as the emergence of a radially propagating epicardial wavefront, occurred in three to five sites in each patient, and was earliest in the anterior right ventricle, 7--25 msec (mean 17 msec) after the onset of the QRS in all patients. Subsequent EBT occurred in the inferior right ventricle (10 sites in 10 patients), in the anterolateral left ventricle (13 sites in 10 patients), and the inferior left ventricle (eight sites in seven patients). Latest epicardial activation (LEA), defined as the latest site of recordable epicardial activity, occurred in the basal segments in all patients, anteriorly in the right ventricle in five patients, and inferiorly in six patients, four on the right and two on the left. LEA occurred 63--96 msec (mean 77 msec) after the onset of the QRS, and was recorded with...
Role of prejunctional alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of myocardial performance during exercise in conscious dogs.
Authors: G RHeyndrickx, J PVilaine, E JMoerman, ILeusen
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

We examined, in conscious dogs, the potential role of prejunctional alpha 2-adrenergic receptors for the regulation of heart rate and contractility response to exercise through modulation of the neurotransmitter release. Changes in heart rate and left ventricular pressure with time during comparable exercise levels, together with changes in norepinephrine concentration in the coronary sinus, were compared before and after the intravenous administration of: prazosin (0.5 mg/kg), a preferential postjunctional alpha 1-adrenergic receptor blocking agent; phentolamine (1 mg/kg), a nonselective alpha-adrenergic blocking agent; and yohimbine (0.3 mg/kg), a preferential prejunctional alpha 2-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. During exercise after phentolamine or yohimbine, changes in heart rate and left ventricular dP/dt were markedly potentiated compared to the control exercise, as well as to exercise after prazosin, whereas the norepinephrine concentration in the coronary sinus was substantially elevated. Aft...
Endoscopic Management Of Post Liver Transplant Anastomotic Biliary Strictures - The Irish Experience
Authors: D Storan, S Fennessy, GA Doherty, G Cullen, HE Mulcahy
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Anastomotic biliary strictures (ABS) are a common complication following orthoptic liver transplant (OLT) occurring in 4.5-15 % after deceased donor LT. ERCP and stent placement has become the preferred initial treatment although a standard approach has not been established with regards to stent type, single vs. multiple stent placement, and the role of dilation.
A postscript to Circulation of the blood: men and ideas.
Authors: R LRiley
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Since 1964, when Fishman and Richards published Circulation of the Blood: Men and Ideas, Guyton's model of the circulation, in which mean circulatory pressure serves as the upstream pressure for venous return, has been extended, and the concept of vascular smooth muscle tone acting like the pressure surrounding a Starling resistor has been postulated. According to this scheme, the positive zero flow intercepts of rapidly determined arterial pressure-flow curves are the effective downstream pressures for arterial flow to different tissues. The arterioles, like Starling resistors, determine the downstream pressures and are followed by abrupt pressure drops, or waterfalls. Capillary pressures are closely linked to those of the venules into which they flow. Capillary-venular pressures are the upstream pressures for venous return. In exercising muscles, reduced arteriolar tone lowers arteriolar pressure and increases arterial flow. This, in turn, raises capillary-venular pressure and increases venous flow. T...
Absence of a cumulative deterioration of regional function during three repeated 5 or 15 minute coronary occlusions.
Authors: RLange, JWare, R AKloner
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Recurrent myocardial ischemia is commonly seen in patients with coronary artery disease, in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with intermittent cross-clamping, and experimentally when multiple occlusion preparations are used to test drugs. Our study was designated to investigate whether myocardial injury is cumulative after three sequential ischemic episodes. Sixteen dogs were instrumented with ultrasonic crystals to assess percentage of segmental shortening and percentage of wall thickening in ischemic and nonischemic regions. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded three times for 5 min in one group (n = 8) and three times for 15 min in another group of dogs (n = 8) and each occlusion was followed by 30 min of reflow. Blood flow was determined with microspheres before coronary artery occlusion in the 5 min group and during occlusion in the 15 min group and in all dogs 25 min into the first and third reperfusion periods. During the three reperfusion periods mean segmental shortening i...
Maternal and Neonatal Mortality After Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Chika Uzoigwe, Luis Carlos Sanchez Franco, Ignacio Gascon Conde
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Enhancement of thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator by pretreatment with heparin.
Authors: BCercek, A SLew, HHod, JYano, N KReddy, WGanz
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The effect of pretreatment with heparin on lysis of arterial thrombi by tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was studied in 19 dogs. Copper coil-induced carotid artery thrombi were weighed, inserted into the femoral arteries, and exposed to a 15 min infusion of rt-PA at 10 micrograms/kg/min either with (n = 6 thrombi) or without pretreatment with a 200 unit/kg bolus of heparin (n = 6 thrombi). The infusion of rt-PA without pretreatment reduced the thrombus weight by 27.6 +/- 7.4%, while infusion of rt-PA with pretreatment reduced it by 79.1 +/- 12.3% (p less than .0001). To test the hypothesis that heparin enhanced thrombolysis by preventing continued incorporation of new fibrin into the thrombus during thrombolysis we repeated the experiments using pretreatment with 8 U/kg of ancrod, which rapidly depletes fibrinogen. Pretreatment with ancrod (n = 6 thrombi) depleted fibrinogen and enhanced the lytic effect of rt-PA to a similar degree as pretreatment with heparin, resulting in a 67.6 +/- 12.3% (NS)...
Royal Medical Benevolent Fund
Authors: C. L. Batteson
Journal: BMJ (1948)

<h3>Background:</h3> Frequent emergency department users disproportionately account for rising health care costs. We aimed to characterize frequent emergency department users in British Columbia, Canada. <h3>Methods:</h3> We performed a retrospective analysis using health administrative databases. We included patients aged 18 years or more with at least 1 emergency department visit from 2012/13 to 2015/16, linked to hospital, physician billing, prescription and mortality data. We used annual emergency department visits made by the top 10% of patients to define frequent users (≥ 3 visits/year). <h3>Results:</h3> Over the study period, 13.8%–15.3% of patients seen in emergency departments were frequent users. We identified 205 136 frequent users among 1 196 353 emergency department visitors. Frequent users made 40.3% of total visits in 2015/16. From 2012/13 to 2015/16, their visit rates per 100 000 BC population showed a relative increase of 21.8%, versus 13.1% among all emergency department patients. Only 1.8% were frequent users in all study years. Mental illness accounted for 8.2% of visits among those less than 60 years of age, and circulatory or respiratory diagnoses for 13.3% of visits among those aged 60 or more. In 2015/16, frequent users were older and had lower household incomes than nonfrequent users; the sex distribution was similar. Frequent users had more prescriptions (median 9, interquartile range [IQR] 5–14 v. 1, IQR 1–3), primary care visits (median 15, IQR 9–27 v. 7, IQR 4–12) and hospital admissions (median 2, IQR 1–3 v. 1, IQR 1–1), and higher 1-year mortality (10.2% v. 3.5%) than nonfrequent users. <h3>Interpretation:</h3> Emergency department use by frequent users increased in BC between 2012/13 and 2015/16; these patients were heterogenous, had high mortality and rarely remained frequent users over multiple years. Our results suggest that interventions must account for heterogeneity and address triggers of frequent use episodes.
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: N. Holton
Journal: JAMA (1891)

To the Editor:  —I cannot see any valid reason for changing the locality of publication ofThe Journal. If at any time it could be shown that the interest ofThe Journaland of the members of the Association would be enhanced, then I am ready to cooperate with the members in such action. It seems to me removal to Louisville, Cincinnati or New York would be just as good as Washington. Facilities of mail are such that subscribers will receiveThe Journalwithin a few hours as soon from Chicago as any other point.  Harkers Corners, Ill., Jan. 13, 1891.
Age-related changes in ploidy levels and biochemical parameters in cardiac myocytes isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: G LEngelmann, J CVitullo, R GGerrity
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Postnatal growth of the mammalian ventricular myocyte is characterized by a brief period of hyperplasia followed by an extensive period of physiological hypertrophy. Using myocytes isolated from both Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats from fetus to 10 months old, we analyzed morphological, biochemical, and ploidy changes. Fetal myocytes from both spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats were mononuclear, diploid cells. By 4 weeks, adult binucleation levels (84% binuclear) were found, and myocytes pooled from both ventricles demonstrated nuclear ploidy shifts to tetraploid levels. However, analysis of myocytes isolated from left ventricle, right ventricle, and septum showed that nuclear polyploidation was confined to the right ventricle and septum, with few polyploid nuclei detected in the left ventricle. This pattern remained relatively constant through 10 months of age, although spontaneously hypertensive myocytes showed significantly more polyploidation than Wistar-Kyoto in all reg...
Body surface distributions of repolarization potentials after acute myocardial infarction. II. Relationship between isopotential mapping and ST-segment potential summation methods.
Authors: D MMirvis
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Isopotential body surface distribution derived from 14 subjects with acute anterior and 14 patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction were studied to examine three possible difficulties with ST-segment summation methods as used for evaluation of infarction severity. First, recorded sums of potentials recorded from 150 electrodes placed on anterior and posterior thoracic surfaces and from five subsets of 42 electrodes located only on the left anterior precordium were compared. Lead subsets detected only one-half of total thoracic positivity in acute anterior infarction and the sums of potentials in these sets were significantly altered by small (approximately 1-1.5-inch) deviations in grid location. Second, differing isopotential distributions could yield nearly identical sums of potentials in left precordial electrode grids. Third, the effects of the wide variations in the normal ST-segment isopotential distribution were evaluated by studying 45 normal subjects and application of difference map an...
The physician's estate. An epilogue
Authors: B. Nortell
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A THREE-PART series entitled "The Physician's Estate" has recently been concluded inThe Journal(236:1743, 2217, and 2796, 1976). As was indicated, this series of articles was prepared long before the recent 1976 statutory changes in the federal estate and gift tax law. The information in this series of articles did not, therefore, reflect these changes in the law. It would be impossible to detail all of the changes that were enacted in the limited time and space available. Changes in the major federal tax provisions that were discussed before, though, can be noted. This will include mention of the new federal estate and gift tax rates and structure, current filing requirements, marital deduction limits, and gifts in contemplation of death. <h3>Unified Estate and Gift Tax Rates</h3> The basic federal estate and gift tax structure had been the same for many years. The 1976 tax law changes have introduced a
From the authors:
Authors: R.W. Thomsen, J.B. Kornum, M. Nørgaard, C. Dethlefsen, K.M. Due, A. Tjønneland, H.T. Sørensen, K. Overvad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

We read with interest the recent report by KORNUM et al. [1] investigating the link between community-acquired pneumonia and obesity in a large cohort of Danish patients.The authors observed that the increased risk of pulmonary infection no longer existed for obesity when other major chronic diseases were included in the regression model.Cohort studies that describe comorbid associations become more meaningful when one can assign an underlying pathophysiological process.In this context, we would suggest that there are a number of plausible mechanisms that are confounders with obesity.Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia are more prevalent amongst obese individuals.Airway surface fluid glucose is normally strictly maintained at low levels, which may be as much as 20 times lower than that of plasma, by means of a process of active transport.Elevation of glucose in airway surface fluid, which can occur with even mild hyperglycaemia, promotes bacterial growth within the airway in a dose-dependent manner and predisposes to pneumonia [2].It was also suggested that gastro-oesophageal reflux related to obesity increases the risk of community-acquired pneumonia by the aspiration of gastric contents into the lung.The situation may be rather more complex, as gastric contents by nature of their acidity are usually sterile.However, the use of acidsuppressing drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors and, to a lesser extent, H 2 -antagonists, raise gastric pH and promote the survival and growth of bacteria colonising the aerodigestive tract [3].Use of the more potent proton pump inhibitors has increased in obese patients [4] and this group of drugs is strongly associated with the development of communityacquired pneumonia.One may also consider other drugs that are more frequently prescribed in the obese; for example, the statins.This class of drug may be beneficial in both preventing and reducing the severity of community-acquired pneumonia, thus decreasing the need for hospitalisation [5].Improving the outcome of community-acquired pneumonia will require exploration of these and other mechanisms where plausible risk factors are identified by cohort studies.
Abstract 17103: Long Term Antihypertensive Medication After Effective Stent Implantation For Aortic Coarctation
Authors: Rui Anjos, Mariana Lemos, Odete Mingas, Susana Cordeiro
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Aortic coarctation (AoCo) patients frequently maintain hypertension. We assessed determinants of freedom from medication at long-term follow-up after stent implantation. Methods: We s...
Effect of disrupting the mitral apparatus on left ventricular function in dogs.
Authors: HShintani, S AGlantz
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThe importance of the mitral apparatus to left ventricular function has been suggested in clinical studies. The effect of disruption of the mitral apparatus on left ventricular diastolic and systolic properties has not been fully documented.METHODS AND RESULTSWe investigated the end-diastolic and end-systolic pressure-volume and stroke work-end-diastolic volume relations and measured the isovolumic relaxation time constant (tau infinity) during nonfilling beats before and after disruption of the mitral apparatus under different loading conditions in 14 dogs using our recently developed volume-clamping technique for the in situ left ventricle. Disruption of the mitral apparatus increased left ventricular diastolic equilibrium volume (V0d) without changing the slope of the end-diastolic pressure-volume relation (Sd) and increased end-systolic pressure-volume relation dead volume (V0s) and volume-axis intercept of stroke work-end-diastolic volume relation (V0sw) without changing the slopes of these...
Comparisons of the effects on survival after coronary artery surgery in subgroups of patients from the Seattle Heart Watch.
Authors: T ADeRouen, K EHammermeister, H TDodge
Journal: Circulation (1981)

We compared the survival of medically and surgically treated coronary artery disease patients in subgroups of patients to determine those most or least likely to benefit from surgery after an average of 5.5 years of follow-up. Cox's regression model for survival analysis was used in conjunction with data from all patients to estimate and test for the significance of the effects of surgery on survival in subgroups of patients, defined by one or more of the following variables: number of stenotic vessels (greater than or equal to 70%), ejection fraction, age, heart murmur, diuretic therapy, ventricular arrhythmia on resting ECG, left main coronary artery stenosis greater than or equal to 50%, previous myocardial infarction, cardiomegaly, congestive heart failure, unstable angina, and functional class. The Cox model adjusts for differences between medical and surgical patients in variables shown to be predictive of survival. A statistically beneficial effect of surgery on survival was seen in patients with t...