tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender equality on health, social, and economic indicators: a comprehensive review of data from March, 2020, to September, 2021
Authors: Luisa S Flor, Joseph Friedman, Cory N Spencer, John Cagney, Alejandra Arrieta, Molly E Herbert, Caroline Stein, Erin C Mullany, Julia Hon, Vedavati Patwardhan, Ryan M Barber, James K Collins, Simon I Hay, Stephen S Lim, Rafael Lozano, Ali H Mokdad, Christopher J L Murray, Robert C Reiner, Reed J D Sorensen, Annie Haakenstad, David M Pigott, Emmanuela Gakidou
Journal: The Lancet (2022)

Gender is emerging as a significant factor in the social, economic, and health effects of COVID-19. However, most existing studies have focused on its direct impact on health. Here, we aimed to explore the indirect effects of COVID-19 on gender disparities globally.
Are knowledge- and belief-reasoning automatic, and is this the right question?
Authors: Andrew D. R. Surtees, Andrew R. Todd
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract Phillips et al. conclude that current evidence supports knowledge-, but not belief-reasoning as being automatic. We suggest four reasons why this is an oversimplified answer to a question that might not have a clear-cut answer: (1) knowledge and beliefs can be incompletely equated to perceptual states, (2) sensitivity to mental states does not necessitate representation, (3) automaticity is not a single categorical feature, and (4) how we represent others' minds is dependent on social context.
114P Preliminary results of the “Blue Sky Radiomics” study on stage III NSCLC patients treated with chemo-radiation and consolidation immunotherapy
Authors: A.R. Filippi, A. Lancia, O. Oneta, N. Tsoutzidis, C. Bortolotto, E. Alì, V. Bartolomeo, S. La Mattina, P. Borghetti, G. Stella, F. Agustoni, R. Sun, E. Deutsch, A. Lascialfari, S. Figini, P. Pedrazzoli, L. Preda, S. Walsh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
School violence: where are the interventions?
Authors: Karen M Devries, Catherine H Ward, Dipak Naker, Jenny Parkes, Chris Bonell, Amiya Bhatia, Clare Tanton, None EdxWalakira, Lynette A Mudekunye, Liane Peña Alampay, Ruchira Tabassum Naved
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2021)
Sorafenib in Combination With Standard Chemotherapy for Children With High Allelic Ratio <i>FLT3</i>/ITD+ Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group Protocol AAML1031
Authors: Jessica A. Pollard, Todd A. Alonzo, Robert Gerbing, Patrick Brown, Elizabeth Fox, John Choi, Brian Fisher, Betsy Hirsch, Samir Kahwash, Kelly Getz, John Levine, Lisa Eidenschink Brodersen, Michael R. Loken, Susana Raimondi, Katherine Tarlock, Andrew Wood, Lillian Sung, E. Anders Kolb, Alan Gamis, Soheil Meshinchi, Richard Aplenc
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

High allelic ratio (HAR)
Abstract P190: Health Literacy And Cardiovascular Health: The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hamdi S Adam, Sharon S Merkin, Madison Anderson, Teresa Seeman, Kiarri N Kershaw, Jared W Magnani, Susan A Everson-rose, Pamela L Lutsey
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Limited health literacy (HL) is associated with individual cardiovascular risk factors and poor risk factor control. The association of HL to composite indices of cardiovascular health (CVH) has not been documented. Hypothesis: Limited HL is associated with suboptimal achievement of ideal CVH as identified by Life’s Simple 7 (LS7). Methods: Included in this analysis are 3766 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who completed four HL questionnaire items via follow-up phone calls (2016-2018). Item scores were summed and dichotomized into adequate (≤10) or limited HL (&gt;10). Clinical measures of BMI, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose, along with self-reported smoking status, physical activity, and healthy diet were measured at baseline (2000-2002) and categorized by LS7 achievement criteria (poor, inadequate, ideal). LS7 metrics were incorporated into overall CVH (low, medium, high). Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to compute prevalence risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (PRR[95% CI]) of high/medium CVH as well as intermediate/ideal LS7 comparing limited HL to adequate HL. Results: Participants were on average(SD) 59.4(9.13) years old at baseline, 46.0% male, and 58.0% non-white. Prevalence of limited HL was 15.0%. Compared to adequate HL, participants with limited HL were less likely to have medium CVH (0.90[0.84-0.97]) and high CVH achievement (0.53[0.39-0.73]) after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity and field center ( Table ). These associations attenuated with further adjustment for education and income, to 0.94[0.88-1.02] for medium and 0.68[0.50-0.94] for high CVH. Of individual LS7 metrics, limited HL was significantly associated with high glucose levels. Conclusion: Limited HL was associated with suboptimal overall CVH as well as elevated blood glucose levels independent of education. Clinical trials are needed to assess whether improving health literacy enhances CVH.
91P Preexisting tumor host immunity delineates clinical outcomes in resectable non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: P. Rocha, M. Rodrigo, L. Moliner, A. Ríos-Hoyo, L. Masfarré, N. Navarro-Gorro, S. Menendez, A. Taus, A. Rodríguez, R. Aguiló, J. Belda, R. Del Rey-Vergara, M. Galindo, L. Comerma, E. Arriola
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Abstract P085: Plasma Pro-enkephalin A And Incident Cognitive Impairment In The Regards Cohort
Authors: Samuel A Short, Katherine Wilkinson, Janin Schulte, Miguel Arce, Jennifer Manly, Katharine L Cheung, Charles D Nicoli, Virginia J Howard, Mary Cushman
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major risk for cognitive impairment. The opioid precursor peptide pro-enkephalin A (PENK-A) is a circulating hormone associated with several cardiovascular diseases and possibly vascular dementia. The objective of this study was to test the association of plasma PENK-A with incident cognitive impairment and describe potential differences by age, race, and sex. Methods: REGARDS is a prospective population-based cohort of 30,239 Black and White adults. Baseline plasma PENK-A was measured in 462 participants who developed cognitive impairment over a median 4.7 years and 556 who did not develop this. PENK-A’s association with incident cognitive impairment was assessed by logistic regression models adjusted for confounders. We tested for differences by age, sex, and race with interaction terms. Results: PENK-A concentration was comparable between cases and controls, but higher with White race, female sex, greater age, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease. Categorical and linear models did not reveal an association with cognitive impairment. Spline plots showed a non-linear association with decreased odds at very high PENK-A values (adjusted OR for 95 th vs 50 th percentiles 0.66, 95% CI 0.46-0.95). This association was only apparent after final adjustment for kidney function. Interaction testing showed substantial interactions by each age and sex (all P &lt; 0.06). In subgroup analyses, shapes of association differed but no independent trends were discernable (Figure). Conclusions: Circulating PENK-A was not particularly associated with cognitive impairment odds. High levels may be protective; this finding could be spurious. Differences by sex and age may exist, expanding upon prior findings in REGARDS of differing non-linear associations with stroke by sex and race. Further work is needed to characterize the importance of endogenous opioid pathways to cardiovascular health and differences by demographic factors.
False-Positive Axillary Lymph Nodes on FDG PET/CT Resulting From COVID-19 Immunization
Authors: Ayah Adel Nawwar, Julie Searle, Richard Hopkins, Iain Douglas Lyburn
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract World-wide mass COVID-19 vaccination has been deployed starting with those most vulnerable, including the elderly and cancer patients. A 70-year-old man with right lung cancer underwent staging FDG PET/CT, which demonstrated an avid right lung mass with avid hilar and mediastinal nodes. Avid left axillary nodes of benign configuration were also noted. The patient had the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination in the left arm a week earlier. On reflection, the axillary nodes were concluded to be reactive related to this. This is a potential COVID-19 vaccination associated pitfall on PET/CT that should be considered when interpreting FDG PET/CT images.
The E3 Ligase TRIM16 Is a Key Suppressor of Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Jiayi Liu, Wei Li, Ke-Qiong Deng, Song Tian, Hui Liu, Hongjie Shi, Qian Fang, Zhen Liu, Ze Chen, Tian Tian, Shanyu Gan, Fengjiao Hu, Manli Hu, Xu Cheng, Yan-Xiao Ji, Peng Zhang, Zhi-Gang She, Xiao-Jing Zhang, Shaoze Chen, Jingjing Cai, Hongliang Li
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

Background: Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is one of the leading causes of heart failure with highly complicated pathogeneses. The E3 ligase TRIM16 (tripartite motif–containing protein 16) has been recognized as a pivotal regulator to control cell survival, immune response, and oxidativestress. However, the role of Trim16 in cardiac hypertrophy is unknown. Methods: We generated cardiac-specific knockout mice and adeno-associated virus serotype 9–Trim16 mice to evaluate the function of Trim16 in pathological myocardial hypertrophy. The direct effect of TRIM16 on cardiomyocyte enlargement was examined using an adenovirus system. Furthermore, we combined RNA-sequencing and interactome analysis that was followed by multiple molecular biological methodologies to identify the direct target and corresponding molecular events contributing to TRIM16 function. Results: We found an intimate correlation of Trim16 expression with hypertrophy-related heart failure in both human and mouse. Our functional investigations and unbiased transcriptomic analyses clearly demonstrated that Trim16 deficiency markedly exacerbated cardiomyocyte enlargement in vitro and in transverse aortic constriction–induced cardiac hypertrophy mouse model, whereas Trim16 overexpression attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Mechanistically, Prdx1 (peroxiredoxin 1) is an essential target of Trim16 in cardiac hypertrophy. We found that Trim16 interacts with Prdx1 and inhibits its phosphorylation, leading to a robust enhancement of its downstream Nrf2 (nuclear factor–erythroid 2–related factor 2) pathway to block cardiac hypertrophy. Trim16-blocked Prdx1 phosphorylation was largely dependent on a direct interaction between Trim16 and Src and the resultant Src ubiquitinational degradation. Notably, Prdx1 knockdown largely abolished the anti-hypertrophic effects of Trim16 overexpression. Conclusions: Our findings provide the first evidence supporting Trim16 as a novel suppressor of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and indicate that targeting the Trim16-Prdx1 axis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for hypertrophy-related heart failure.
Lactate Rewires Lipid Metabolism and Sustains a Metabolic–Epigenetic Axis in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Luigi Ippolito, Giuseppina Comito, Matteo Parri, Marta Iozzo, Assia Duatti, Francesca Virgilio, Nicla Lorito, Marina Bacci, Elisa Pardella, Giada Sandrini, Francesca Bianchini, Roberta Damiano, Lavinia Ferrone, Giancarlo la Marca, Sergio Serni, Pietro Spatafora, Carlo V. Catapano, Andrea Morandi, Elisa Giannoni, Paola Chiarugi
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Lactate is an abundant oncometabolite in the tumor environment. In prostate cancer, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are major contributors of secreted lactate, which can be taken up by cancer cells to sustain mitochondrial metabolism. However, how lactate impacts transcriptional regulation in tumors has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we describe a mechanism by which CAF-secreted lactate is able to increase the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in prostate cancer cells. This regulation enhanced intracellular lipid accumulation in lipid droplets (LD) and provided acetyl moieties for histone acetylation, establishing a regulatory loop between metabolites and epigenetic modification. Inhibition of this loop by targeting the bromodomain and extraterminal protein family of histone acetylation readers suppressed the expression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2), a crucial component of LDs, disrupting lactate-dependent lipid metabolic rewiring. Inhibition of this CAF-induced metabolic–epigenetic regulatory loop in vivo reduced growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells, demonstrating its translational relevance as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Clinically, PLIN2 expression was elevated in tumors with a higher Gleason grade and in castration-resistant prostate cancer compared with primary prostate cancer. Overall, these findings show that lactate has both a metabolic and an epigenetic role in promoting prostate cancer progression. Significance: This work shows that stromal-derived lactate induces accumulation of lipid droplets, stimulates epigenetic rewiring, and fosters metastatic potential in prostate cancer.
Cancer in Children With Fanconi Anemia and Ataxia-Telangiectasia—A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study in Germany
Authors: Christina M. Dutzmann, Claudia Spix, Isabell Popp, Melanie Kaiser, Friederike Erdmann, Miriam Erlacher, Thilo Dörk, Detlev Schindler, Reinhard Kalb, Christian P. Kratz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

PURPOSE Fanconi anemia (FA) and ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) are rare inherited syndromes characterized by abnormal DNA damage response and caused by pathogenic variants in key DNA repair proteins that are also relevant in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and other cancer types. The risk of cancer in children with these diseases is poorly understood and has never been assessed in a population-based cohort before. METHODS We identified 421 patients with FA and 160 patients with AT diagnosed between 1973 and 2020 through German DNA repair disorder reference laboratories. We linked patients' laboratory data with childhood cancer data from the German Childhood Cancer Registry. RESULTS Among 421 patients with FA, we observed 33 cases of childhood cancer (15 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome; seven cases of acute myeloid leukemia; two cases of lymphoma, carcinoma, medulloblastoma, and nephroblastoma, respectively; and one case of rhabdomyosarcoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and glioma, respectively) versus 0.74 expected (on the basis of population-based incidence rates in Germany). This corresponds to a 39-fold increased risk (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 39; 95% CI, 26 to 56). For all FA subgroups combined, the cancer-specific SIR for myeloid neoplasms was 445 (95% CI, 272 to 687). Among the 160 patients with AT, we observed 19 cases of childhood cancer (15 cases of lymphoma, three cases of leukemia, and one case of medulloblastoma) versus 0.32 expected. This corresponds to a 56-fold increased risk (SIR = 56; 95% CI, 33 to 88). The cancer-specific SIR for Hodgkin lymphoma was 215 (95% CI, 58 to 549) and for non-Hodgkin lymphoma 470 (95% CI, 225 to 865). CONCLUSION Approximately 11% of patients with FA and 14% of patients with AT develop cancer by age 18 years.
P03: RATIONALE AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN E-HEALTH APPLICATION TO DELIVER PATIENT CENTERED CARE DURING TREATMENT FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA IN THE NETHERLANDS.
Authors: P Geerts, J Eijsink, A Moser, P ter Horst, C Boersma, M Postma
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Patients with newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) face increasingly complicated treatment regimens, including many medications. E-health may support patients and health care providers during treatment, enhancing patient centered care delivery. Therefore, we aimed to develop a multi-modality e-health application. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the application for usability and end-user experiences and to formulate additional requirements for improvement. The application was developed following an iterative action-based methodology, the Design Thinking approach. Key end-users, including patients, hematologists, pharmacists and nurse specialists, were actively involved. Additional stakeholders, including information technology specialists, secretaries and managers, were consulted during an iterative development process. Before developing the application, the care pathway was evaluated and the ideal care pathway was defined, including integrating an e-health application. Second, the focus of development was determined and a solution ideated during recurring multidisciplinary meetings. Third, mockup display sketches of the intended application modules were recurrently discussed and optimized. Fourth, prototypes were tested and improved. Finally, a final prototype was tested during a pilot study with 18 patients and 7 healthcare professionals, evaluating usability, usage and qualitative experiences. The application, ‘MM E-coach’, consisted of a newly developed medication module (Figure 1), patient reported outcomes (PROs) and experiences questionnaire assessments, a messaging service, threshold-based alerts, information provision and a personal care plan. Following 8 weeks of use, the median system usability scale score was 60. Patients appreciated the medication overview and the healthcare professionals the outpatient clinic preparation module. Both appreciated the messaging service. Several recommendations for improvement were made, for example adding new or more flexible functionalities and improving the application view at a glance. The MM E-coach has the potential to provide patient-centered care by supporting patients and caregivers during Multiple Myeloma treatment and is a promising application to be implemented in the Multiple Myeloma care pathway. Following the recommended improvements, a randomized clinical trial is being conducted to evaluate the clinical effectiveness in hospital practice.
Diagnostic performances of common nucleic acid tests for SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals and clinics: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wing Ying Au, Peter Pak Hang Cheung
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2021)

An optimised standard experimental setup across different hospitals is urgently needed to ensure consistency in nucleic acid test results for SARS-CoV-2 detection. A standard comparison across different nucleic acid tests and their optimal experimental setups is not present. We assessed the performance of three common nucleic acid tests, namely digital PCR (dPCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), to detect SARS-CoV-2 in clinical settings.
Intracavernous Schwannoma Characterized With 18F-FDG, 68Ga-DOTATOC, and 18F-Choline PET
Authors: Julien Farce, Isabelle Lecouillard, Béatrice Carsin Nicol, Maxime Bretonnier, Antoine Girard
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract We report the case of a 75-year-old man with history of prostate cancer whose left intracavernous lesion was successfully characterized by 3 PETs performed successively with different tracers. This poorly characterized tumor was initially discovered on an MRI conducted to investigate an acute diplopia and slowly growing during follow-up. On 18 F-FDG PET, the lesion showed no significant uptake, and no extracranial lesion was found nor did it have increased 68 Ga-DOTATOC uptake. Finally, this tumor displayed a high 18 F-choline uptake, and no extracranial lesion was revealed with this tracer. The diagnosis of schwannoma without malignancy criterion was proven by biopsy.
18F-FDG PET/CT and 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT Findings in a Patient With Eosinophilic Solid and Cystic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhenghao Tong, Qi Shen, Hongwei Sun, Jianhua Zhang, Yan Fan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 26-year-old woman was incidentally discovered to have bilateral renal tumors on ultrasound, and percutaneous biopsy of the right kidney lesion proved eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma. 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated hyperdense or isodense lesions on CT without FDG uptake, whereas 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT fusion images showed tumors with increased 99m Tc-MIBI uptake. This case indicates that the 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT is a potential method for the differentiation of renal tumor with eosinophilic features from other renal tumor histology.
68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Liver With Elevated AFP Level
Authors: Nurhan Ergül, Burçak Yılmaz, Merve Cin, Tevfik Fikret Çermik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract A 68-year-old woman with a mass lesion in right hepatic lobe had an elevated α-fetoprotein level (&gt;54,000 ng/mL). The lesion showed higher 68 Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 uptake than 18 F-FDG uptake in consecutive PET/CT images. The histopathological examination revealed neuroendocrine carcinoma with Ki-67 proliferation index of 80%.
Abstract 10363: Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number is Associated with Severe Coronary Artery Disease and Risk of Subsequent Long-Term Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Stacey Knight, Li Dong, Oxana Galenko, James Juan, Joseph B Muhlestein, Jeffrey L Anderson, Kirk U Knowlton, John F Carlquist
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Here we examine, in a high-risk CVD population, the association with prevalent coronary artery disease (CAD) and subsequent major adverse events (MACE) at 1-,5- and 10-year follow-up of mtDNA-CN. Methods: Consecutive subjects (n=2267) consenting to a blood sample drawn for the Intermountain INSPIRE biorepository at the time of a coronary angiogram from July 1994 to Sept 2003 were included. The mtDNA-CN was determined by multiplexed real-time polymerase chain reaction coamplifying a stable site of mt D- Loop and a region of a single copy genomic β-2-microglobulin gene(β2M). MtDNA-CN is given as the ratio of Mt to β2M DNA. The presence of severe CAD (&gt;70% stenosis) was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. The subsequent MACE (including all-cause mortality and non-fatal MI) outcomes were studied using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: The average age of subjects was 62.3 ± 13.8, 35% were female, and 50% had prior CAD. Over half (55%) had severe CAD at the angiogram. As the mtDNA-CN increased, severe CAD decreased (58% for 1 st quartile vs. 51% for 4 th quartile). After adjustment for baseline differences, subjects with mtDNA-CN in the 1 st quartile were 1.31 times more likely to have severe CAD than subjects with mtDNA-CN in the 4 th quartile (95% CI: 1.01, 1.71; p=0.04). A total of 902(39.8%) had a subsequent MACE event within 10-years (193[8.5%] in 1-year and 548[24.2%] in 5-years). There was no association between mtDNA-CN and 1-year MACE. However, mtDNA-CN was associated with 5-year (p=0.006) and 10-year (p=0.003) MACE. After adjustment, subjects with mtDNA-CN in the 1 st quartile were at 1.29 increased risk of 10-year MACE than subjects with mtDNA-CN in the 4 th quartile (95% CI: 1.07, 1.56; p=0.008). Conclusions: In a coronary angiographic population, mtDNA-CN was associated with severe CAD and the risk of subsequent long-term MACE. These findings suggest that mtDNA-CN could be used as a clinical biomarker for risk. Moreover, understanding the factors impacting mtDNA-CN may also help in the prevention of secondary CVD outcomes.