tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multifactorial falls prevention compared with usual care in long-term care homes for older people: a multi-centre cluster randomised controlled trial with economic evaluation
Authors: Pip A. Logan, Jane C. Horne, John R.F. Gladman, Adam L. Gordon, Kate Robertson, Tracey Sach, Allan Clark, Katie Robinson, Sarah Armstrong, Sue Stirling, Paul Leighton, Janet Darby, Fran Allen, Lisa Irvine, Ed C.F. Wilson, Chris Fox, Simon Conroy, Gail Mountain, Karen McCartney, Maureen Godfrey, Erika Sims
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Objectives
To determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of a multifactorial fall prevention programme in care homes compared to usual care

Design
Multi-centre, parallel, 1:1 cluster randomised controlled trial

Setting
UK long-term care homes with registration for old age or dementia.

Participants
Consenting residents of participating care homes.

Interventions
The Guide to Action for Care Homes (GtACH): a multifactorial fall prevention programme.

Main outcome measures
Primary outcome measure was fall rate between 91 and 180 days after randomisation. The economic evaluation measured health-related quality of life using quality adjusted life years (QALYs) derived from the five-domain five-level version of the EuroQoL index or proxy version (EQ-5D-5L-P) and the Dementia Quality of Life measure (DEMQOL-P-U) which were completed by the resident if able to do so, and for all residents by a care home staff member proxy until 12 months after randomisation. Secondary outcome measures were: falls 1-90, 181-270 and 271-360 days after randomisation; and Barthel Index; and the Physical Activity Measure – Residential Care Homes (PAM-RC) at 91, 180, 270 and 360 post-randomisation.

Results
84 care homes were randomised (39 GtACH, 45 usual care). 1657 residents consented and provided baseline measures, mean age 85 years, 32% men. GtACH training was delivered to 1051/1480 staff (71%). Primary RCT outcome data were available for 630 GtACH participants and 712 usual care participants. The unadjusted Incidence Rate Ratio for falls between 91-180 days was 0.57 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.71, p≤0.001) in favour of the GtACH programme (GtACH: 6 falls/1000 residents versus 10.4/1000 in usual care).  Barthel ADL Indices and PAM-RC scores were similar between groups at all-time points. The incremental cost was £108 (95% CI -271.06 to 487.58), incremental QALYs gained were 0.024 (95% CI 0.004 to 0.044) and 0.005 (95% CI -0.019 to 0.03) for EQ-5D-5L-P and DEMQOL-P-U respectively. The incremental costs per EQ-5D-5L-P and DEMQOL-P-U based QALY were £4,544 and £20,889 respectively.  

Conclusions
The GtACH programme reduced the fall rate and was cost-effective, without reducing activity or increasing dependency.
Impact of Age and Sex on Treatment and Outcomes Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Misha Dagan, Diem T. Dinh, Julia Stehli, Sarah Zaman, Angela Brennan, Christianne Tan, Danny Liew, Christopher M. Reid, Dion Stub, David M. Kaye, Jeffrey Lefkovits, Stephen J. Duffy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Effects of covid-19 pandemic on life expectancy and premature mortality in 2020: time series analysis in 37 countries
Authors: Nazrul Islam, Dmitri A Jdanov, Vladimir M Shkolnikov, Kamlesh Khunti, Ichiro Kawachi, Martin White, Sarah Lewington, Ben Lacey
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Abstract Objective To estimate the changes in life expectancy and years of life lost in 2020 associated with the covid-19 pandemic. Design Time series analysis. Setting 37 upper-middle and high income countries or regions with reliable and complete mortality data. Participants Annual all cause mortality data from the Human Mortality Database for 2005-20, harmonised and disaggregated by age and sex. Main outcome measures Reduction in life expectancy was estimated as the difference between observed and expected life expectancy in 2020 using the Lee-Carter model. Excess years of life lost were estimated as the difference between the observed and expected years of life lost in 2020 using the World Health Organization standard life table. Results Reduction in life expectancy in men and women was observed in all the countries studied except New Zealand, Taiwan, and Norway, where there was a gain in life expectancy in 2020. No evidence was found of a change in life expectancy in Denmark, Iceland, and South Korea. The highest reduction in life expectancy was observed in Russia (men: −2.33, 95% confidence interval −2.50 to −2.17; women: −2.14, −2.25 to −2.03), the United States (men: −2.27, −2.39 to −2.15; women: −1.61, −1.70 to −1.51), Bulgaria (men: −1.96, −2.11 to −1.81; women: −1.37, −1.74 to −1.01), Lithuania (men: −1.83, −2.07 to −1.59; women: −1.21, −1.36 to −1.05), Chile (men: −1.64, −1.97 to −1.32; women: −0.88, −1.28 to −0.50), and Spain (men: −1.35, −1.53 to −1.18; women: −1.13, −1.37 to −0.90). Years of life lost in 2020 were higher than expected in all countries except Taiwan, New Zealand, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, and South Korea. In the remaining 31 countries, more than 222 million years of life were lost in 2020, which is 28.1 million (95% confidence interval 26.8m to 29.5m) years of life lost more than expected (17.3 million (16.8m to 17.8m) in men and 10.8 million (10.4m to 11.3m) in women). The highest excess years of life lost per 100 000 population were observed in Bulgaria (men: 7260, 95% confidence interval 6820 to 7710; women: 3730, 2740 to 4730), Russia (men: 7020, 6550 to 7480; women: 4760, 4530 to 4990), Lithuania (men: 5430, 4750 to 6070; women: 2640, 2310 to 2980), the US (men: 4350, 4170 to 4530; women: 2430, 2320 to 2550), Poland (men: 3830, 3540 to 4120; women: 1830, 1630 to 2040), and Hungary (men: 2770, 2490 to 3040; women: 1920, 1590 to 2240). The excess years of life lost were relatively low in people younger than 65 years, except in Russia, Bulgaria, Lithuania, and the US where the excess years of life lost was &gt;2000 per 100 000. Conclusion More than 28 million excess years of life were lost in 2020 in 31 countries, with a higher rate in men than women. Excess years of life lost associated with the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 were more than five times higher than those associated with the seasonal influenza epidemic in 2015.
Immunotherapy for Patients With Small-Cell Lung Cancer—2 Gains, 2 Losses
Authors: Harpreet Singh, Julia A. Beaver, Richard Pazdur
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Protein kinase N2 connects blood flow with NO production in a double AKT
Authors: David J.R. Fulton, David W. Stepp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Shear stress is an important regulator of blood flow, and luminal endothelial cells (ECs) sense increases in frictional forces and respond with an appropriate release of vasoactive mediators. In this issue of the JCI, Jin et al. identified a mechanism by which ECs respond to shear stress with endothelial NOS (eNOS) activation and NO release. The authors showed that PKN2 was activated by fluid shear stress and contributed to eNOS activation via a double play - indirect phosphorylation at serine 1177 (S1177) via AKT and direct phosphorylation of the S1179 site. Phosphorylation of both sites individually increased eNOS activity, but together they had an additive effect. In sum, these findings reveal exciting details about how shear stress regulates eNOS and have important implications for blood flow and blood pressure.
Mortality Among ESKD Patients with COVID-19: Comparison Between Kidney Transplant and Hemodialysis
Authors: Muhammad Abdulbasit, Omar K. Salameh, Mujahed M. Dauleh, Ali M. Zebi, Navin Verma, Nasrollah Ghahramani
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Abdulbasit, Muhammad; Salameh, Omar K.; Dauleh, Mujahed M.; Zebi, Ali M.; Verma, Navin; Ghahramani, Nasrollah Author Information
<scp>SARS‐CoV</scp>‐2‐reactive antibody detection after <scp>SARS‐CoV</scp>‐2 vaccination in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Prospective survey from the Spanish Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Group
Authors: José Luis Piñana, Lucia López‐Corral, Rodrigo Martino, Juan Montoro, Lourdes Vazquez, Ariadna Pérez, Gabriel Martin‐Martin, Ana Facal‐Malvar, Elena Ferrer, María‐Jesús Pascual, Gabriela Sanz‐Linares, Beatriz Gago, Andrés Sanchez‐Salinas, Lucia Villalon, Venancio Conesa‐Garcia, Maria T. Olave, Javier López‐Jimenez, Sara Marcos‐Corrales, Marta García‐Blázquez, Valentín Garcia‐Gutiérrez, José Ángel Hernández‐Rivas, Ana Saus, Ildefonso Espigado, Carmen Alonso, Rafael Hernani, Carlos Solano, Blanca Ferrer‐Lores, Manuel Guerreiro, Montserrat Ruiz‐García, Juan Luis Muñoz‐Bellido, David Navarro, Angel Cedillo, Anna Sureda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2021)

This is a multicenter prospective observational study that included a large cohort (n = 397) of allogeneic (allo-HSCT; (n = 311) and autologous (ASCT) hematopoietic stem cell transplant (n = 86) recipients who were monitored for antibody detection within 3-6 weeks after complete severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination from February 1, 2021, to July 20, 2021. Most patients (n = 387, 97.4%) received mRNA-based vaccines. Most of the recipients (93%) were vaccinated more than 1 year after transplant. Detectable SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies were observed in 242 (78%) of allo-HSCT and in 73 (85%) of ASCT recipients. Multivariate analysis in allo-HSCT recipients identified lymphopenia < 1 × 109 /ml (odds ratio [OR] 0.33, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.16-0.69, p = .003), active graft versus host disease (GvHD; OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.98, p = .04) and vaccination within the first year of transplant (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.15-0.9, p = .04) associated with lower antibody detection whereas. In ASCT, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02-0.44, p = .003) and active corticosteroid therapy (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.02-0.87, p = .03) were associated with lower detection rate. We report an encouraging rate of SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies detection in these severe immunocompromised patients. Lymphopenia, GvHD, the timing of vaccine, and NHL and corticosteroids therapy should be considered in allo-HSCT and ASCT, respectively, to identify candidates for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies monitoring.
TCT-258 Relationship Between Myocardial Mass and Post-PCI Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Niya Mileva, Takuya Mizukami, Pasquale Paolisso, Jeroen Sonck, Daniele Andreini, Hiromasa Otake, Sakura Nagumo, Bjarne Norgaard, Jonathon Leipsic, Michael Maeng, Bon-Kwon Koo, Brian Ko, Daniel Munhoz, Amy Collinsworth, Adam Updegrove, Jesper Møller Jensen, Daniele Andreini, Charles Taylor, Bernard De Bruyne, Carlos Collet
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Multiple regression analysis of a comprehensive transcriptomic data assembly elucidates mechanically- and biochemically-driven responses to focused ultrasound blood-brain barrier disruption
Authors: Alexander S Mathew, Catherine M Gorick, Richard J Price
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Background: Focused ultrasound (FUS) blood brain barrier disruption (BBBD) permits the noninvasive, targeted, and repeatable delivery of drugs to the brain. FUS BBBD also elicits secondary responses capable of augmenting immunotherapies, clearing amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau, and driving neurogenesis. Leveraging these secondary effects will benefit from an understanding of how they correlate to the magnitude of FUS BBBD and are differentially affected by the mechanical and biochemical stimuli imparted during FUS BBBD. Methods: We aggregated 75 murine transcriptomes in a multiple regression framework to identify genes expressed in proportion to biochemical (i.e. contrast MR image enhancement (CE)) or mechanical (i.e. harmonic acoustic emissions from MB-activation (MBA)) stimuli associated with FUS BBBD. Models were constructed to control for potential confounders, such as sex, anesthesia, and sequencing batch. Results: MBA and CE differentially predicted expression of 1,124 genes 6 h or 24 h later. While there existed overlap in the transcripts correlated with MBA vs CE, MBA was principally predictive of expression of genes associated with endothelial reactivity while CE chiefly predicted sterile inflammation gene sets. Over-representation analysis identified transcripts not previously linked to BBBD, including actin filament organization, which is likely important for BBB recovery. Transcripts and pathways associated with neurogenesis, microglial activation, and amyloid-β clearance were significantly correlated to BBBD metrics. Conclusions: The secondary effects of BBBD may have the potential to be tuned by modulating FUS parameters during BBBD, and MBA and CE may serve as independent predictors of transcriptional reactions in the brain.
TCT-242 Late Complications in Patients With Stent-Treated Coarctation of the Aorta: Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Cristina Pericet Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel Romero Moreno, Soledad Ojeda, Javier Suárez de Lezo, Francisco Hidalgo, Francisco Mazuelos, Guisela Flores Vergara, Rafael González, Simona Espejo, Manuel Pan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Systematic review with meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy for COVID-19 by mass spectrometry
Authors: Matt Spick, Holly M. Lewis, Michael J. Wilde, Christopher Hopley, Jim Huggett, Melanie J. Bailey
Journal: Metabolism (2021)

The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to extensive development in many fields, including the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection by mass spectrometry. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the accuracy of mass spectrometry diagnostic tests developed so far, across a wide range of biological matrices, and additionally to assess risks of bias and applicability in studies published to date.23 retrospective observational cohort studies were included in the systematic review using the PRISMA-DTA framework, with a total of 2858 COVID-19 positive participants and 2544 controls. Risks of bias and applicability were assessed via a QUADAS-2 questionnaire. A meta-analysis was also performed focusing on sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and Youden's Index, in addition to assessing heterogeneity.Sensitivity averaged 0.87 in the studies reviewed herein (interquartile range 0.81-0.96) and specificity 0.88 (interquartile range 0.82-0.98), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic summary curve of 0.93. By subgroup, the best diagnostic results were achieved by viral proteomic analyses of nasopharyngeal swabs and metabolomic analyses of plasma and serum. The performance of other sampling matrices (breath, sebum, saliva) was less good, indicating that these protocols are currently insufficiently mature for clinical application.This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates the potential for mass spectrometry and 'omics in achieving accurate test results for COVID-19 diagnosis, but also highlights the need for further work to optimize and harmonize practice across laboratories before these methods can be translated to clinical applications.
TCT-122 Sex-Specific Characteristics and Outcomes in Coronary Intravascular Lithotripsy: A Patient-Level Analysis of the Disrupt CAD Studies
Authors: Yasin Hussain, Dean Kereiakes, Carlo Di Mario, Shigeru Saito, Kathleen Kearney, J. Dawn Abbott, Ecaterina Cristea, Alexandra Lansky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Biomimic Binding Affinity Gradients Triggered GSH‐Response of Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Cascade Chemo/Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Qinghua Wang, Xianglong Li, Jiayi Mao, Xing Qin, Shaobo Yang, Jina Hao, Mengjia Guan, Yuanyuan Cao, Yongsheng Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

In eukaryotes and prokaryotes, some copper transportations driven by gradient copper-binding affinities exhibit typical glutathione (GSH)-responsive features. Inspired by these delicate endogenous processes, a biomimic copper-ion mediated GSH-responsive nanomedicine is designed based on the gradient copper-binding strengths between polydopamine (PDA) species and GSH. The nanomedicine is constructed as core-shell nanoparticles with copper-polydopamine (Cu-PDA) coordinated shell and micellar core encapsulating chemotherapeutic drug of β-lapachone (β-lapa). In tumor cells, the excess intracellular GSH will reduce and extract the Cu(II) from the Cu-PDA network, triggered by the binding affinity gradients between Cu-PDA and Cu-GSH, resulting in the breaking of the shell and the releasing of β-lapa and Fenton agent copper. The additional Fenton reaction of copper ions induces excess oxidative damage of tumor cells assisted by the abundant H2 O2 amplified by β-lapa, achieving cascade anticancer effects combining chemodynamic therapy with chemotherapy. This multilevel anticancer system exhibits an efficient tumor inhibitory rate and a negligible systematic toxicity for normal organs in vivo, presenting a new bioinspired GSH-responsive strategie to develop stimuli-responsive structures.
Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes remission in Scotland in 2019: A cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Mireille Captieux, Kelly Fleetwood, Brian Kennon, Naveed Sattar, Robert Lindsay, Bruce Guthrie, Sarah H. Wild
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2021)

Background Clinical pathways are changing to incorporate support and appropriate follow-up for people to achieve remission of type 2 diabetes, but there is limited understanding of the prevalence of remission in current practice or patient characteristics associated with remission. Methods and findings We carried out a cross-sectional study estimating the prevalence of remission of type 2 diabetes in all adults in Scotland aged ≥30 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and alive on December 31, 2019. Remission of type 2 diabetes was assessed between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019. We defined remission as all HbA1c values &lt;48 mmol/mol in the absence of glucose-lowering therapy (GLT) for a continuous duration of ≥365 days before the date of the last recorded HbA1c in 2019. Multivariable logistic regression in complete and multiply imputed datasets was used to examine characteristics associated with remission. Our cohort consisted of 162,316 individuals, all of whom had at least 1 HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) at or after diagnosis of diabetes and at least 1 HbA1c recorded in 2019 (78.5% of the eligible population). Over half (56%) of our cohort was aged 65 years or over in 2019, and 64% had had type 2 diabetes for at least 6 years. Our cohort was predominantly of white ethnicity (74%), and ethnicity data were missing for 19% of the cohort. Median body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis was 32.3 kg/m 2 . A total of 7,710 people (4.8% [95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7 to 4.9]) were in remission of type 2 diabetes. Factors associated with remission were older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.48 [95% CI 1.34 to 1.62] P &lt; 0.001) for people aged ≥75 years compared to 45 to 54 year group), HbA1c &lt;48 mmol/mol at diagnosis (OR 1.31 [95% CI 1.24 to 1.39] P &lt; 0.001) compared to 48 to 52 mmol/mol), no previous history of GLT (OR 14.6 [95% CI 13.7 to 15.5] P &lt; 0.001), weight loss from diagnosis to 2019 (OR 4.45 [95% CI 3.89 to 5.10] P &lt; 0.001) for ≥15 kg of weight loss compared to 0 to 4.9 kg weight gain), and previous bariatric surgery (OR 11.9 [95% CI 9.41 to 15.1] P &lt; 0.001). Limitations of the study include the use of a limited subset of possible definitions of remission of type 2 diabetes, missing data, and inability to identify self-funded bariatric surgery. Conclusions In this study, we found that 4.8% of people with type 2 diabetes who had at least 1 HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) after diagnosis of diabetes and had at least 1 HbA1c recorded in 2019 had evidence of type 2 diabetes remission. Guidelines are required for management and follow-up of this group and may differ depending on whether weight loss and remission of diabetes were intentional or unintentional. Our findings can be used to evaluate the impact of future initiatives on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes remission.
Methionine as a double-edged sword in health and disease: Current perspective and future challenges
Authors: Umashanker Navik, Vaibhav G. Sheth, Amit Khurana, Snehal Sainath Jawalekar, Prince Allawadhi, Ravinder Reddy Gaddam, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Kulbhushan Tikoo
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2021)
Left Ventricular Functional Recovery and Remodeling in Low Flow, Low Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: V. Kamperidis, E. Joyce, P. Debonnaire, S. Katsanos, P. van Rosendael, F. van der Kley, J.J. Bax, N.A. Marsan, V. Delgado
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Should diffusing capacity quality control be treated like other laboratory devices?
Authors: Jeffrey M. Haynes, Gregg L. Ruppel, David A. Kaminsky
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>The ERS/ATS <i>D</i><sub>LCO</sub> standards recommend that a weekly <i>D</i><sub>LCO</sub> test should be performed with a 3-L syringe and the <i>V</i><sub>A</sub> from this should be 3±0.3 L. This report suggests that a tighter range (±3 sd) provides better <i>D</i><sub>LCO</sub> quality control than fixed arbitrary limits.</b>https://bit.ly/3EvkEj0
U.S. FDA Drug Approvals for Breast Cancer: A Decade in Review
Authors: Shaily Arora, Preeti Narayan, Christy L. Osgood, Suparna Wedam, Tatiana M. Prowell, Jennifer J. Gao, Mirat Shah, Danielle Krol, Sakar Wahby, Melanie Royce, Soma Ghosh, Reena Philip, Gwynn Ison, Tara Berman, Christina Brus, Erik W. Bloomquist, Mallorie H. Fiero, Shenghui Tang, Richard Pazdur, Amna Ibrahim, Laleh Amiri-Kordestani, Julia A. Beaver
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Over the last decade, the treatment of patients with breast cancer has been greatly impacted by the approval of multiple drugs and indications. This summary describes 30 FDA approvals of treatments for breast cancer from 2010 to 2020. The trial design endpoints, results, and regulatory considerations are described for each approved indication. Of the 30 indications, 23 (76.6%) received regular and 7 (23.3%) received accelerated approval. Twenty-six approvals were granted in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and four in early breast cancer. Approval decisions for the 26 MBC indications were initially supported by progression-free survival (PFS) in 21 (80.8%), overall survival (OS) or a combination of OS and PFS in two (7.7%), and objective response rate (ORR) in three (11.5%). The four approvals in early breast cancer utilized pathologic complete response (pCR) in one (25%) and invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) in three (75%) trials. Among the 30 indications, 22 received priority review, seven were granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation, and 10 applications participated in one or more pilot Oncology Center of Excellence regulatory review initiatives, including Real Time Oncology Review, Assessment Aid, and Project Orbis. FDA initiatives to advance breast cancer drug development are also described.