tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incorrect Laboratory Value and Reference
Authors: Dimitri Drekonja, Barbara Trautner, James Johnson
Journal: JAMA (2021)

We agree and note that this trial's design started as a superiority trial but emerged with a noninferiority design after 3 successive rounds of Veterans Affairs scientific review.The Veterans Affairs reviewers recommended this change, noting that the bulk of the published studies of antimicrobial duration have been noninferiority trials.Because antimicrobial therapy is superior to no antimicrobial therapy for UTI, 2 we strongly doubt that 7 and 14 days of antimicrobial therapy yielded similar outcomes because neither duration is effective.Mr Yap raises concerns that inclusion criteria were insufficiently stringent and that E coli susceptibility to ciprofloxacin vs trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole differs.The dilemma of whether to use more restrictive eligibility criteria vs a pragmatic approach is an ongoing challenge for trialists.Although a restrictive approach provides greater certainty that study participants have the condition of interest, a pragmatic approach is more applicable to nonstudy settings, in which clinicians must treat patients who do not fit neatly into established diagnostic categories based on strict inclusion criteria.We opted for a pragmatic approach and are reassured by exploratory analyses that treatment effect did not differ based on urine culture status.The reference provided by Yap for the concern about poorer treatment outcomes with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a study that examined individual-and group-level factors associated with the probability of a resistant organism in a multilevel model and did not address outcomes, so it is noncontributory. 3Furthermore, in our trial, all E coli isolates were known to be susceptible to the prescribed antimicrobial.Dr Ahmed and colleagues question the inclusion of ciprofloxacin as a study drug and note that since 2018, UK and European guidelines have recommended a 7-day course of treatment for afebrile men with UTI, which makes our work unlikely to change practice there.We note that 1 of their 2 cited references 4 states that for men with cystitis, "a treatment duration of at least seven days is recommended, preferably with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole or a fluoroquino-lone… [italics added]."This recommendation for "at least seven days" therapy with either of our 2 study drugs supports the relevance of our findings for UK and European clinicians and may affect future European guidelines.In addition, regarding the comment by Ahmed and colleagues that no patient or public involvement was sought, we would like to clarify that our study was reviewed and modified by 3 successive scientific review panels and underwent further review with the institutional review boards at 2 academic institutions.These institutional review boards included com
AtheroSpectrum Reveals Novel Macrophage Foam Cell Gene Signatures Associated With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Chuan Li, Lili Qu, Alyssa J. Matz, Patrick A. Murphy, Yongmei Liu, Ani W. Manichaikul, Derek Aguiar, Stephen S. Rich, David M. Herrington, David Vu, W. Craig Johnson, Jerome I. Rotter, Wendy S. Post, Anthony T. Vella, Annabelle Rodriguez-Oquendo, Beiyan Zhou
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Whereas several interventions can effectively lower lipid levels in people at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), cardiovascular event risks remain, suggesting an unmet medical need to identify factors contributing to cardiovascular event risk. Monocytes and macrophages play central roles in atherosclerosis, but studies have yet to provide a detailed view of macrophage populations involved in increased ASCVD risk.
Safety and efficacy of agomelatine in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder receiving psychosocial counselling: a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial in nine countries
Authors: Celso Arango, Jan K Buitelaar, Jörg M Fegert, Valérie Olivier, Pierre-François Pénélaud, Ute Marx, Damien Chimits, Bruno Falissard, Julia Barylnik, Laura Birdeanu, Gert P Bosch, Julia Boychevskaya, Igor Boyev, Enikõ Bugán, Olga Bukhanovskaya, Oleg Chaban, Iuliana Dobrescu, Gábor Feller, Halina Flisiak-Antonijczuk, Magdolna Gácser, Elena Grigorieva, Timo Holttinen, Svetlana Ivanovic-Kovacevic, Krisztina Kapornai, Lala Kasimova, Evgeniy Koren, Igor Martsenkovsky, Nataliya O Maruta, Mirela Matican, Tetiana Matkovska, Ellina Melnyk, Milica Pejovic Milovancevic, Olha Mostova, Peter Nagy, Laura Nussbaum, Petar Petrov, Bozena Pietraszczyk-Kedziora, Nadia Polnareva, Elena Predescu, Vladislava Razsolkova, Filip Rybakowski, Sofiia Rymsha, Juan P Schrönen, Dmitrii Shigashov, Andrii Skrypnikov, Miodrag Stankovic, Dejan Stevanovic, Markku Timonen, Juha-Matti Väänänen, Jannie van der Westhuizen, Gert van Niekerk, Olena Venger, Anatolii Voloshchuk, Tomasz Wolañczyk
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2021)
“It’s not rocket science” and “It’s not brain surgery”—“It’s a walk in the park”: prospective comparative study
Authors: Inga Usher, Peter Hellyer, Keng Siang Lee, Robert Leech, Adam Hampshire, Alexander Alamri, Aswin Chari
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Abstract Objective To compare cognitive testing scores in neurosurgeons and aerospace engineers to help settle the age old argument of which phrase—“It’s not brain surgery” or “It’s not rocket science”—is most deserved. Design International prospective comparative study. Setting United Kingdom, Europe, the United States, and Canada. Participants 748 people (600 aerospace engineers and 148 neurosurgeons). After data cleaning, 401 complete datasets were included in the final analysis (329 aerospace engineers and 72 neurosurgeons). Main outcome measures Validated online test (Cognitron’s Great British Intelligence Test) measuring distinct aspects of cognition, spanning planning and reasoning, working memory, attention, and emotion processing abilities. Results The neurosurgeons showed significantly higher scores than the aerospace engineers in semantic problem solving (difference 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 0.52). Aerospace engineers showed significantly higher scores in mental manipulation and attention (−0.29, −0.48 to −0.09). No difference was found between groups in domain scores for memory (−0.18, −0.40 to 0.03), spatial problem solving (−0.19, −0.39 to 0.01), problem solving speed (0.03, −0.20 to 0.25), and memory recall speed (0.12, −0.10 to 0.35). When each group’s scores for the six domains were compared with those in the general population, only two differences were significant: the neurosurgeons’ problem solving speed was quicker (mean z score 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.41) and their memory recall speed was slower (−0.19, −0.34 to −0.04). Conclusions In situations that do not require rapid problem solving, it might be more correct to use the phrase “It’s not brain surgery.” It is possible that both neurosurgeons and aerospace engineers are unnecessarily placed on a pedestal and that “It’s a walk in the park” or another phrase unrelated to careers might be more appropriate. Other specialties might deserve to be on that pedestal, and future work should aim to determine the most deserving profession.
Truly Man's Best Friend: Canine Cancers Drive Drug Repurposing in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Mia C. Weiss, Vanessa Eulo, Brian A. Van Tine
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Summary While metastatic osteosarcoma is rare in humans, it is the most common bone tumor found in any breed of dog. Given the genetic similarities between canine and human osteosarcomas, canine clinical trials allow for rapid testing and drug repurposing at a speed that cannot be achieved using patients with osteosarcoma. See related article by Regan et al., p. 662
71P Safety and efficacy of salvage radiotherapy after progression to checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer
Authors: S. Cabezas-Camarero, S. Merino-Menendez, M.N. Cabrera-Martin, E. Cerezo-Druet, G. Vazquez-Masedo, F. Puebla, J.A. Corona, P. Perez-Segura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Clinical Features of VITT
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

VITT and Second Doses of Covid-19 VaccineTo the Editor: In March 2021, concerns were raised about an increased risk of thrombosis associated with thrombocytopenia among persons who had received their first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccine.Between 5 and 30 days after vaccination, severe thrombosis developed in these patients, most of whom were previously fit and well.The thrombosis often occurred at unusual or multiple sites, in conjunction with thrombocytopenia, grossly elevated d-dimer levels, reduced fibrinogen levels, 1,2 and the presence of anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies.To determine the risk of a second Covid-19 vaccine dose in these patients with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), the U.K. Health Security Agency (formerly Public Health England) identified the patients who had received a second vaccine dose and contacted the primary care physicians for follow-up.A total of 40 patients were identified as having confirmed (26 patients), probable (2 patients), or possible (12 patients) VITT, as defined in Pavord et al., 3 after receiving their first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Table 1).The patients ranged in age from 21 to 76 years, and 25 were women.Five of the patients had received a second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, 2 had received mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and 33 had received BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech).None of the 40 patients had any relapse of symptoms or severe adverse reactions after receiving the second dose of vaccine, regardless of the vaccine received.Although the mechanism of VITT is still not known, 4 the absence of relapse suggests that the phenomenon is not related to the immune response to the spike protein.This conclusion is consistent with that reported by Greinacher et al.,4 who showed that the anti-PF4 antibodies that are detected in patients with VITT do not interact with epitopes on the spike protein and appear to be independent of the spike antibody response.Furthermore, VITT is rarely, if at all, associated with vaccination with nonadenoviral vector vaccines, such as the messen-
Two Incorrect Sentences
Authors: Brian Powers, William Shrank, Amol Navathe
Journal: JAMA (2021)

of these examples in our Viewpoint. 1However, we do not believe that the evidence base is robust enough to support definitive conclusions about the effect of private equity on health care across specialties and sites of care, a view also articulated by the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission earlier this year. 6 A critical point to recognize is that there is currently no robust evidence about the effect of private equity ownership within value-based payment and health care delivery models.The examples cited by Meier and by Luh and colleagues occurred in fee-for-service settings, which may drive certain profit motives under non-private equity financing mechanisms.While these examples serve to generate interest in this topic, they do not directly address whether value-based payment may serve as a guardrail against negative impacts of private equity on health care delivery.We agree with Meier and Luh and colleagues about the need to ensure that new health care delivery models-regardless of ownership structure, financial incentives, and payment model-improve outcomes for patients.Thus, we called for rigorous research on how value-based payment affects patient and health system outcomes in order to support nuanced and evidence-based regulation and policy making.
Association of Early Nutritional Status With Child Development in the Asia Pacific Region
Authors: Frederick K. Ho, Nirmala Rao, Keith T. S. Tung, Rosa S. Wong, Wilfred H. S. Wong, Joanna Y. L. Tung, Gilbert T. Chua, Winnie W. Y. Tso, John Bacon-Shone, Ian C. K. Wong, Aisha Yousafzai, Charlotte Wright, Patrick Ip
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Stunting was used as a proxy for underdevelopment in early childhood in previous studies, but the associations between child development and other growth and body composition parameters were rarely studied.To estimate the association between malnutrition and early child development (ECD) at an individual level.This population-based, cross-sectional study used data from the East Asia Pacific Early Child Development Scales, a population-representative survey of children aged 3 to 5 years old, conducted in 2012 to 2014 in communities in Cambodia, China, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, and Vanuatu. Data analysis was performed from November 2019 to April 2021.Stunting (height-for-age [HFA] z score less than -2), wasting (weight-for-height z score less than -2), overweight (weight-for-height z score greater than 2), body mass index (BMI)-for-age z score, and body fat proportion based on existing growth standard and formula.ECD directly assessed using the validated East Asia-Pacific ECD Scales.A total of 7108 children (3547 girls; mean [SD], age 4.48 [0.84] years) were included in this study. The prevalence of stunting was 27.1% (range across countries, 1.2%-55.0%), that of wasting was 13.7% (range, 5.4%-35.9%), and that of overweight was 15.9% (range, 2.2%-53.7%). Adjusted for country variations, age, sex, urbanicity, family socioeconomic status, and body fat proportion, ECD was linearly associated with HFA (β, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.35-1.80) and BMI-for-age (β, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45-0.82). After adjustment for BMI and height, better ECD was associated with low body fat proportion (β, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.45-1.42). The association of HFA was more pronounced in Southeast Asia and the Pacific region than in East Asia, and the association of fat proportion was specific to children living in urban environments.HFA, BMI-for-age, and body fat proportion were independently associated with ECD, and these findings suggest that future studies should consider using these parameters to estimate the prevalence of child underdevelopment; nutritional trials should examine to what extent the associations are causal.
The Bullet Related Injury Clinic—Healing the Deep Wounds of Gun Violence
Authors: Jane M. Hayes, Indigo Hann, LJ Punch
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
NCCN Virtual Patient Advocacy Summit: Cancer Across the Lifespan
Authors: Kara Martin, Alyssa A. Schatz, Jan S. White, Hyman Muss, Aarati Didwania, Leigh Gallo, Robert W. Carlson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Patients with cancer have widely divergent experiences throughout their care from screening through survivorship. Differences in care delivery and outcomes may be due to varying patient preferences, patient needs according to stage of life, access to care, and implicit or explicit bias in care according to patient age. NCCN convened a series of stakeholder meetings with patients, caregivers, and patient advocacy groups to discuss the complex challenges and robust opportunities in this space. These meetings informed the NCCN Virtual Patient Advocacy Summit: Cancer Across the Lifespan held on December 10, 2020, which featured a keynote presentation, multidisciplinary panels, and presentations from patient advocacy organizations. This article encapsulates and expounds upon the findings from the stakeholder meetings and discussions during the summit.
Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions—The Effusion Strikes Back
Authors: Amr J. Alwakeel, Benjamin Shieh, Stéphane Beaudoin
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Update Alert: Should Remdesivir Be Used for the Treatment of Patients With COVID-19? Rapid, Living Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 2)
Authors: Amir Qaseem, Jennifer Yost, Itziar Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta, George M. Abraham, Janet A. Jokela, Matthew C. Miller, Mary Ann Forciea, Linda L. Humphrey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

conclusions are unchanged (1).
The role of necroptosis in disease and treatment
Authors: Xiaoxiao Liu, Xin Xie, Yuanyuan Ren, Zhiying Shao, Nie Zhang, Liantao Li, Xin Ding, Longzhen Zhang
Journal: MedComm (2021)

Abstract Necroptosis, a distinctive type of programmed cell death different from apoptosis or necrosis, triggered by a series of death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), TNFR2, and Fas. In case that apoptosis process is blocked, necroptosis pathway is initiated with the activation of three key downstream mediators which are receptor‐interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (MLKL). The whole process eventually leads to destruction of the cell membrane integrity, swelling of organelles, and severe inflammation. Over the past decade, necroptosis has been found widely involved in life process of human beings and animals. In this review, we attempt to explore the therapeutic prospects of necroptosis regulators by describing its molecular mechanism and the role it played in pathological condition and tissue homeostasis, and to summarize the research and clinical applications of corresponding regulators including small molecule inhibitors, chemicals, Chinese herbal extracts, and biological agents in the treatment of various diseases.
Abstract 9382: Outcomes After Traumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Vietnam: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Son N Do, Chinh Q Luong, Dung T Pham, My H Nguyen, Tra T Ton, Quoc T Hoang, Dat T Nguyen, Thao T Pham, Hanh T Hoang, Dai Q Khuong, Quan H Nguyen, Tuan A Nguyen, Tung T Tran, Long D Vu, Chi V Nguyen, Bryan F McNally, Marcus E Ong, Anh D Nguyen
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Pre-hospital services are not well developed in Vietnam, especially the immature of a trauma system of care. The prognosis of traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) might differ from that of other countries. This study aimed to investigate the survival rate from traumatic OHCA and to measure the critical components of the chain of survival following a traumatic OHCA in the country. Hypothesis: Although the outcome in cardiac arrest following trauma is dismal, pre-hospital resuscitation efforts are not futile and seem worthwhile. Understanding the country-specific causes, risk, and prognosis of traumatic OHCA is important to reduce mortality in Vietnam. Methods: We performed a multicenter prospective observational study of consecutive patients (&gt;16 years) presenting with traumatic OHCA to 3 central hospitals in Vietnam from February 2014 to December 2018. We collected data on characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with traumatic OHCA and compared these data between patients who died before hospital discharge and patients who survived to discharge from the hospital. Results: Of 111 eligible patients with traumatic OHCA, 92 (82.9%) were male and the mean age was 39.27 years (standard deviation: 16.38). Only 5.4% (6/111) survived to discharge from the hospital. Most cardiac arrests (62.2%; 69/111) occurred on the street or highway, 31.2% (29/93) were witnessed by bystanders, and 33.7% (32/95) were given cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by a bystander. Only 26.1% (29/111) of the patients were taken by the emergency medical services (EMS), 90% (27/30) received pre-hospital advanced airway, and 54.7% (29/53) were given resuscitation attempts by EMS or private ambulance. No significant difference between patients who died before hospital discharge and patients who survived to discharge from the hospital was found for bystander CPR (33.7%, 30/89 and 33.3%, 2/6, P&gt;0.999; respectively) and resuscitation attempts (56.3%, 27/48, and 40.0%, 2/5, P=0.649; respectively). Conclusion: Improvements are needed in the EMS in Vietnam, such as increasing bystander first-aid and developing a trauma system of care, as well as developing a standard emergency first-aid program for both healthcare personnel and the community.