tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Real-World Experience Using Letermovir for CMV Prophylaxis in High-Risk Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Patients in the Setting of Using T-Cell Depletion As Gvhd Prophylaxis and the Impact on CMV Reactivation, 1-Year Overall Survival, and 1-Year Gvhd-Free-Relapse-Free Survival
Authors: Sami Dwabe, Mindy Hsiao, George Yaghmour
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract 408: An Essential Protective Role for Cardiomyocyte Alpha1a-adrenergic Receptors in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jiandong Zhang, Tyler Ash, Wei Huang, Alan Smith, Hsiao-ying Huang, Brian C Jensen
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Our previous work reveals that dabuzalgron, an oral agonist of alpha-1A adrenergic receptors (α1A-ARs) protects rodents from pathological cardiac stress, a finding in agreement with genetic studies of global α1A-AR overexpression/inactivation. However, it remains largely obscure whether cardiomyocyte-specific actions of α1A-ARs alone determines these cardioprotective effects. To test this essential gap in knowledge, we generated a new mouse line lacking α1A-AR only on cardiomyocytes by crossing αMHC-cre mice with floxed α1A-KO mice (CMKO= cre+ fl/fl, CMWT= cre-fl/fl). After validating specific deletion, baseline features were measured by conscious echo. No overt structural or functional anomaly was identified in either group. Fractional Shortening (FS, %) was virtually identical in 2 groups (51.7±0.7 vs. 52.4±5.3, p=NS). Next, both groups were subjected to permanent left anterior descending (LAD) ligation. By day 14, CMKO had significantly higher mortality (9/15 vs 2/13, p=0.025). To determine early changes that might account for this difference, hearts were harvested at day 3 post-ligation from another cohort. HW did not differ between two groups (7.0±1.1 vs. 7.2±1.1 mg/g·BW, p=NS), neither did LW (8.0±2.1 vs. 7.2±1.0 mg/g·BW, p=NS). Serum troponin level was numerically higher in CMKO mice (8.4±12.4 vs 4.8±6.2 ng/mL,p=0.38). CMKO mice had 51% larger injury (infarcted and leukocyte-infiltrating area) compared to CMWT (31.0±10.5 vs. 20.5±4.9% of LV area, p=0.05). Our preliminary postmortem examination suggested a higher trend of cardiac rupture in injured CMKO (3/5 vs 0/5). To test myocardial biomechanical properties between 2 groups, ventricles from mice 3d post ligation were then subjected to biaxial mechanical stress test. Myocardium from infracted CMKO mice exhibited 70% more stiffness (dt Stress/dt Strain) CMWT (190±34.29 vs.111±42 kPa, p=0.004). Collectively, our results demonstrate that mice deficient of α1A-AR on cardiomyocytes had lower late survival, more profound early pathological injury &amp; adverse mechanical properties after LAD ligation, suggesting that activation of cardiomyocyte α1A-ARs plays an essential role in protecting experimental myocadiac infarction, holds the promise of future clinical implications.
Ex Vivo Drug Sensitivity and Functional Genomics Platform Identifies Novel Combinations Targeting Intrinsic and Extrinsic Apoptotic Signaling Pathways in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Ariosto Siqueira Silva, Rafael Renatino-Canevarolo, Mark B. Meads, Maria D Coelho Siqueira Silva, Praneeth Reddy Sudalagunta, Christopher Cubitt, Gabriel De Avila, Raghunandan Reddy Alugubelli, Amit Kulkarni, Melissa Mitchell, Hongyue Dai, Qi Zhang, Oliver Hampton, Xin Lu, Dimple A. Modi, Monica Motwani, Jason Harb, Jeremy A. Ross, Kenneth H. Shain
Journal: Blood (2020)
A Next Generation Liquid Biopsy Approach for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Daniel Auclair, Mark Bustoros, MD, Carrie Cibulskis, Teni Dowdell, Svetlana Gavrilov, Cody J Boehner, Jennifer Yesil, Steven E. Labkoff, Shaadi Mehr, Romanos Sklavenitis-Pistofidis, Salomon Manier, Elizabeth D. Lightbody, Annette S. Kim, Justin Rhoades, Keith L Ligon, Niall Lennon, Viktor Adalsteinsson, Jane Wilkinson, Hearn Jay Cho, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Blood (2020)
RTP4 Is a Potent IFN-Inducible Anti-flavivirus Effector Engaged in a Host-Virus Arms Race in Bats and Other Mammals
Authors: Ian N. Boys, Elaine Xu, Katrina B. Mar, Pamela C. De La Cruz-Rivera, Jennifer L. Eitson, Benjamin Moon, John W. Schoggins
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2020)
Abstract 3576: Differential Cardiovascular Risk Factor Associations for Abdominal Aortic vs. Coronary Calcified Plaque by Computed Tomography (CT): the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
Authors: Michael H Criqui, Matthew A Allison, Jeffrey J Carr, Mary Cushman, Robert Detrano, Aruna Kamineni, Richard Kronmal, Wendy Post, Nathan Wong
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Safety and Efficacy of Replacing Vindesine with Vincristine in R-ACVBP Protocol for the Treatment of High-Grade B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Rola El Sayed, Haidar El Darsa, Jeries Kort, Farouk Al Chami, Charafeddine Maya, Ali Bazarbachi, Iman Abou Dalle, Jean Elcheikh
Journal: Blood (2020)
Cardiac Involvement After Recovering From COVID-19
Authors: Laura Filippetti, Nathalie Pace, Pierre-Yves Marie
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Valentina O. Puntmann, MD, PhD; M. Ludovica Carerj, MD; Imke Wieters, MD; Masia Fahim; Christophe Arendt, MD; Jedrzej Hoffmann, MD; Anastasia Shchendrygina, MD, PhD; Felicitas Escher, MD; Mariuca Vasa-Nicotera, MD; Andreas M. Zeiher, MD; Maria Vehreschild, MD; Eike Nagel, MD
Identification of Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for the Development of Extramedullary Disease in Myeloma and Potential Novel Therapeutic Targets Using Transcriptomic and Exome Profiling
Authors: David Zihala, Tereza Sevcikova, Michal Simicek, Tereza Popkova, Hana Plonkova, Lucie Broskevicova, Jan Vrana, Juli R. Bago, Roman Hajek, Giovanni Stracquadanio, Tomas Jelinek
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract 467: Exosomes Derived From Podoplanin Positive Cells Alter Physiology and Structure of Healthy Mouse Heart
Authors: Maria Cimini, Venkata Garikipati, Andrea Elia, Chunlin Wang, MAY TRUONGCAO, Grace Huang, Vandana Mallaredy, Cynthia Benedict, Raj Kishore
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Superseding fibrosis through paracrine signals enhances the ventricular dysfunction aftermyocardial infarction (MI). We have earlier reported that within 2 days post-MI a cohort ofpodoplanin (PDPN), a platelet aggregation-inducing type I transmembrane glycoprotein,positive cells populate injured heart and enhance inflammatory response by physicalinteractions with monocytes. Here we explored whether exosomes from these cells couldindependently alter healthy heart physiology and structure. PDPN+ cells were isolated 2 daysafter MI, cultured expanded and activated with TNFα and AngiotensinII. Exosomes derivedfrom activated PDPN+ cells conditioned media were used in vitro treatment of mouse cardiacendothelial cells (mCECs), mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) and monocytes and in vivo forthe treatment of healthy mouse hearts. PDPN+ cells derived exosomes (PDPN-exo)reprogramed mCECs to the lymphatic phenotype enhancing the expression of the majorlymphatic lineage markers and upregulated the expression of fibrotic markers suggesting anendothelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, PDPN-exo drove the MEF to myo-fibroblastphenotype and monocytes toward pro-inflammatory phenotype. Proteomic analysis of PDPN-exo suggest these transitions may depend on NOTCH cleavage trough β-γSecretase andSerum Amyloid A3 protein accumulation/mis-folding. In vivo, PDPN-exo were initially injectedinto the left ventricle of healthy mouse hearts followed with exosomes boosters delivered byretro-orbital vein injection. Treated mice developed an extended epicardial fibrosis andamyloidosis with a subsequent impairment in the contractility and increase of the end diastolicand systolic volumes. The fibrotic area was characterized by vessels double positive toendothelial and lymphatic endothelial markers, and infiltrating CD45+ cells. In conclusionthese data suggest that PDPN-exo alter the biology of mCECs, fibroblast and monocytes andparticipate in adverse remodeling after MI; their specific cargo may represent a cohort oftargets for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
Characterization of INCB00928, a Potent and Selective ALK2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Anemia
Authors: Yaoyu Chen, Matthew C. Stubbs, Michelle Pusey, Xiaoming Wen, Robert J. Collins, Kanishk Kapilashrami, Mark Rupar, Pramod Thekkat, Luping Lin, Kevin Bowman, Yan-ou Yang, Sharon Diamond, Swamy Yeleswaram, Sunkyu Kim, Holly K. Koblish, Yingnan Chen, Susan Wee
Journal: Blood (2020)
Rapid and Automated Quantitation of Dense Red Blood Cells: A Robust Biomarker of Therapeutic Response to Early Initiation of Hydroxyurea in Young Children with Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Alina Sadaf, Charles T. Quinn, Jennifer B Korpik, Amanda Pfeiffer, Mary Reynaud, Omar Niss, Punam Malik, Russell E. Ware, Theodosia A. Kalfa, Patrick T. McGann
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract 14420: Common Drug Interactions of Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Their Impact on Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: David Sanborn, Alan Sugrue, mustapha amin, Medhat Farwati, Ramila Mehta, Abhishek Deshmukh, Haarini Sridhar, Azza Ahmed, Malini Madhavan
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) can interact with multiple prescription medications, but guidelines for dose adjustment are available for only a few. There are currently little data ...
COVID-19 Outbreak at an Overnight Summer School Retreat ― Wisconsin, July–August 2020
Authors: Ian W. Pray, Suzanne N. Gibbons-Burgener, Avi Z. Rosenberg, Devlin Cole, Shmuel Borenstein, Allen Bateman, Eric Pevzner, Ryan P. Westergaard
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

During July 2-August 11, 2020, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred at a boys' overnight summer school retreat in Wisconsin. The retreat included 152 high school-aged boys, counselors, and staff members from 21 states and territories and two foreign countries. All attendees were required to provide documentation of either a positive serologic test result* within the past 3 months or a negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests result for SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) ≤7 days before travel, to self-quarantine within their households for 7 days before travel, and to wear masks during travel. On July 15, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (WDHS) began an investigation after being notified that two students at the retreat had received positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test results. WDHS offered RT-PCR testing to attendees on July 28 and serologic testing on August 5 and 6. Seventy-eight (51%) attendees received positive RT-PCR results (confirmed cases), and 38 (25%) met clinical criteria for COVID-19 without a positive RT-PCR result (probable cases). By the end of the retreat, 118 (78%) persons had received a positive serologic test result. Among 24 attendees with a documented positive serologic test result before the retreat, all received negative RT-PCR results. After RT-PCR testing on July 28, WDHS recommended that remaining susceptible persons (asymptomatic and with negative RT-PCR test results) quarantine from other students and staff members at the retreat. Recommended end dates for isolation or quarantine were based on established guidance (1,2) and determined in coordination with CDC. All attendees were cleared for interstate and commercial air travel to return home on August 11. This outbreak investigation documented rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, likely from a single student, among adolescents and young adults in a congregate setting. Mitigation plans that include prearrival quarantine and testing, cohorting, symptom monitoring, early identification and isolation of cases, mask use, enhanced hygiene and disinfection practices, and maximal outdoor programming are necessary to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in these settings (3,4).
Analyzing Efficacy Outcomes from the Phase 2 Study of Single-Agent Tazemetostat As Third-Line Therapy in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma to Identify Predictors of Response
Authors: Gilles Salles, Hervé Tilly, Aristeidis Chaidos, Pam McKay, Tycel J. Phillips, Sarit E Assouline, Connie Lee Batlevi, Philip Campbell, Vincent Ribrag, Gandhi Laurent Damaj, Michael Dickinson, Wojciech Jurczak, Maciej Kaźmierczak, Stephen Opat, John A. Radford, Anna Schmitt, Jennifer Whalen, Anthony Hamlett, Beth Kamp, Deyaa Adib, Franck Morschhauser
Journal: Blood (2020)
Immune Suppression in CLL Is Mediated By the L-Amino Acid Oxidase IL4I1, a Reason for the Treatment Failure of IDO1 Inhibitors
Authors: Selcen Öztürk, Murat Iskar, Murat Sunbul, Philipp M Rößner, Marc Zapatka, Martina Seiffert
Journal: Blood (2020)
Improved Safety and Efficacy of a Multi-Target Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified T Cell Therapy (4SCAR2.0) Against Relapsed or Refractory Lymphomas
Authors: Rui Zhang, Yuhua Li, Sanfang Tu, Rui Huang, Xun Lai, Leping Zhang, Eugene E. Zvonkov, Valeriy G. Savchenko, Nelly G Gabeeva, Yuchen Liu, Yuchen Li, Cheng Jiao, Lan Deng, Xuan Zhou, Hongyu Zhang, Wenli Zhang, Lung-Ji Chang
Journal: Blood (2020)
Fiirst-2: Prospective, Randomized Study Comparing Administration of Clotting Factor Concentrates with Standard Massive Hemorrhage Protocol in Severely Bleeding Trauma Patients
Authors: Luis Da Luz, Jeannie L Callum, Andrew Beckett, Henry T Peng, Paul Engels, Neil Parry, Homer Tien, Avery Nathens, Bruce A. Schwartz, Keyvan Karkouti
Journal: Blood (2020)
A Novel Engineered Single-Chain Antibody Fragment for Targeting Pediatric Philadelphia Chromosome-like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Sara M.A. Mohamed, Keith Sia, Karl-Heinz Friedrich, Andreas Wohlmann, Savvas Savvides, Peter Schofield, Daniel Christ, Maria Kavallaris, Richard B. Lock, Narges Bayat
Journal: Blood (2020)
Are web-based personally tailored physical activity videos more effective than personally tailored text-based interventions? Results from the three-arm randomised controlled TaylorActive trial
Authors: Corneel Vandelanotte, Camille E Short, Ronald C Plotnikoff, Amanda Rebar, Stephanie Alley, Stephanie Schoeppe, Doreen F Canoy, Cindy Hooker, Deborah Power, Christopher Oldmeadow, Lucy Leigh, Quyen To, W Kerry Mummery, Mitch J Duncan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Objectives Some online, personally tailored, text-based physical activity interventions have proven effective. However, people tend to ‘skim’ and ‘scan’ web-based text rather than thoroughly read their contents. In contrast, online videos are more engaging and popular. We examined whether web-based personally tailored physical activity videos were more effective in promoting physical activity than personally tailored text and generic information. Methods 501 adults were randomised into a video-tailored intervention, text-tailored intervention or control. Over a 3-month period, intervention groups received access to eight sessions of web-based personally tailored physical activity advice. Only the delivery method differed between intervention groups: tailored video versus tailored text. The primary outcome was 7-day ActiGraph-GT3X+ measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) assessed at 0, 3 and 9 months. Secondary outcomes included self-reported MVPA and website engagement. Differences were examined using generalised linear mixed models with intention-to-treat and multiple imputation. Results Accelerometer-assessed MVPA increased 23% in the control (1.23 (1.06, 1.43)), 12% in the text-tailored (1.12 (0.95, 1.32)) and 28% in the video-tailored (1.28 (1.06, 1.53)) groups at the 3-month follow-up only, though there were no significant between-group differences. Both text-tailored (1.77 (1.37, 2.28]) and video-tailored (1.37 (1.04, 1.79)) groups significantly increased self-reported MVPA more than the control group at 3 months only, but there were no differences between video-tailored and text-tailored groups. The video-tailored group spent significantly more time on the website compared with text-tailored participants (90 vs 77 min, p=0.02). Conclusions The personally tailored videos were not more effective than personally tailored text in increasing MVPA. The findings from this study conflict with pilot study outcomes and previous literature. Process evaluation and mediation analyses will provide further insights. Trial registration number ACTRN12615000057583
Digital Life Coaching for Myeloma Patients Undergoing Transplantation
Authors: Rahul Banerjee, Ann Lazar, Lisa Dunn, Jennifer Knoche, Kelly Jean Brassil, Dhiren Patel, Lindsey Jackson, Mimi Lo, Anand Dhruva, Shagun Arora, Sandy W. Wong, Jeffrey L. Wolf, Thomas Martin, Nina Shah
Journal: Blood (2020)
Phase I Study of Lenalidomide Combined with Dose-Adjusted EPOCH and Rituximab (EPOCH-R2) in Primary Effusion Lymphoma in Participants with or without HIV (NCT02911142)
Authors: Kathryn Lurain, Ramya Ramaswami, Anaida Widell, Irene Ekwede, Ralph Mangusan, Jomy George, Elaine S. Jaffe, Stefania Pittaluga, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Mark Roth, Constance M. Yuan, Hao-Wei Wang, Vickie Ann Marshall, Denise Whitby, Thomas S. Uldrick, Robert Yarchoan
Journal: Blood (2020)
Emollients for the prevention of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Akash Kothari, Arielle Locke, Thomas Eiwegger
Journal: Allergy (2020)

AK and AL have nothing to disclose. TE reports to act as local PI for company-sponsored trials by DBV and sub-investigator for Regeneron, holds grants from Innovation Fund Denmark, CIHR outside the submitted work. He is Co-Investigator or scientific lead in three investigator-initiated oral immunotherapy trials supported by the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program SickKids and serves as associate editor for Allergy. He/his laboratory received unconditional/in-kind contributions from Macro Array Diagnostics and an unrestricted grant from ALK. He holds advisory board roles for ALK.
PTH-073 Severe neonatal inflammation epigenetically sensitises the colonic epithelium for exacerbated il-1Β activation
Authors: X Zhong, T Savidge, Y Cong, Q Li
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  Accumulating evidence suggests that adverse early-life events interfere with the perinatal programming and maturation of the immune system, predisposing the host to complex diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We hypothesise that neonatal inflammation (NI) induces susceptibility to aggravated and prolonged immune response in the colon when subjected to a 2nd inflammatory insult in adult-life.  Method  We used a two-hit model: NI was induced in 10 day old rat pups by intrarectal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS, 130 mg/kg), and the 2nd dose of TNBS (80 mg/kg) was applied to induce adult inflammation (AI) 8 weeks later. All 4 groups (Veh+Veh, NI+Veh, Veh+AI, and NI+AI) of rats were euthanized 7 days later.  Results  In NI+AI rats, we observed an aggravated immune response, evidenced by a greater loss of body weight, a drastic increase of myeloperoxidase activity, and a greater overexpression of IL-1β in colonic mucosa and submucosa (MSM) when compared with the other 3 groups. We found that norepinephrine and epinephrine levels in plasma were significantly elevated only in NI+AI rats, suggesting an involvement of adrenoceptors in IL-1β activation. In vivo treatment with propranolol (2 mg/kg, daily IP), a β blocker, markedly ameliorated TNBS-induced swelling and tissue damage and the overexpression of IL-1β. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying IL-1β activation, we assessed NF-kB status and its interaction with the IL-1β promoter in the colonic MSM. Our data revealed an aggravated decrease of IκBα and a greater increase of p65 in NI+AI rats. In addition, acetylation of histone H4 lysine 12 (H4K12Ac) increased significantly at both the NF-κB binding region and the core promoter of IL-1β gene in NI+AI (vs Veh+AI) rats, causing greater chromatin relaxation. H4K12Ac at the IL-1β promoter was slightly elevated in NI+Veh (vs Veh+Veh) rats. Accordingly, p65 binding to the IL-1β promoter was markedly enhanced in NI+AI vs Veh+AI rats (14.3±3.1 vs 2.7±0.6). Aa a result, RNA polymerase II association with the IL-1β promoter was augmented in NI+AI vs Veh+AI (5.9±0.9 vs 2.5±0.5, p  Conclusion  Severe NI renders the host susceptible to aggravated immune response by epigenetically sensitising the colonic epithelium, in which IL-1β activation is exacerbated through stress hormone/NF-κB/IL-1β signalling axis, when subjected to a 2nd insult in adult-life.  Disclosure of Interest  None Declared
Efficacy and Safety of Tisagenlecleucel in Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma: Interim Analysis of the Phase 2 Elara Trial
Authors: Nathan H Fowler, Michael Dickinson, Martin Dreyling, Joaquin Martinez-Lopez, Arne Kolstad, Jason P Butler, Monalisa Ghosh, Leslie L. Popplewell, Julio C. Chavez, Emmanuel Bachy, Koji Kato, Hideo Harigae, Marie José Kersten, Charalambos Andreadis, Peter A. Riedell, P. Joy Ho, Jose Antonio Pérez-Simón, Sarah J. Nagle, Loretta J. Nastoupil, Bastian von Tresckow, Andres JM Ferreri, Takanori Teshima, Piers Patten, Joseph P. McGuirk, Andreas Petzer, Fritz C. Offner, Andreas Viardot, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Ram Malladi, Lida Bubuteishvili Pacaud, Alessandra Forcina, Aiesha Zia, Stephen J. Schuster, Catherine Thieblemont
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract MP142: Genome-wide Studies Reveal the Essential and Opposite Roles of Arid1a in Controlling Human Cardiogenesis and Neurogenesis From Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Juli Liu, Sheng Liu, Hongyu Gao, Lei Han, Xiaona Chu, Yi Sheng, Yue Wang, Yunlong Liu, Jun Wan, Lei YANG
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Background: Early human heart and brain development simultaneously occur during embryogenesis. Notably, in human newborns, congenital heart defects strongly associate with neurodevelopmental abnormalities, suggesting a common gene/complex underlying both cardiogenesis and neurogenesis. However, due to lack of in vivo studies, the molecular mechanisms that govern both early human heart and brain development remain elusive. The evolutionarily conserved ATP-dependent SWI/SNF complex is one of the largest chromatin remodeling complexes, consisting of ~15 subunits, including SMARCA2 (also known as BRM) or SMARCA4 (also known as BRG1) as the ATPase catalytic subunit. Several BRG1-associated factors (BAFs), such as ARID1A (Baf250a), have DNA binding capacity and assemble with either BRM or BRG1 to form a functional chromatin-remodeling complex. A single amino acid mutation (Arid1aV 1068G/V1068G ), impaired Arid1a-DNA interactions and resulted in both cardiac neural defects. Mutations in 4 different SWI/SNF subunits including ARID1A/B were identified in human congenital syndromes that include both neural and cardiac defects. Results: Here, we report ARID1A, which is a DNA-binding-subunit of the SWI/SNF epigenetic complex, controls both neurogenesis and cardiogenesis from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) via employing distinct mechanisms. CRISPR/Cas-9 knockout of ARID1A (ARID1A -/- ) led to spontaneous differentiation of neural cells together with globally enhanced expression of neurogenic genes in undifferentiated hESCs. Additionally, when compared with WT hESCs, cardiac differentiation from ARID1A -/- hESCs was prominently suppressed, whereas neural differentiation was significantly promoted. Whole genome-wide ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq analyses revealed that ARID1A was required to open chromatin accessibility on promoters of essential cardiogenic genes, and temporally associated with key cardiogenic transcriptional factors T and MEF2C during early cardiac development. However, during neural development, transcription of most essential neurogenic genes was dependent on ARID1A and ARID1A could interact with REST, which is a known transcriptional repressor. Conclusions: We uncovered the key and opposite roles by ARID1A to govern both early human cardiac and neural development and characterized the mechanisms. We found global chromatin accessibility on cardiogenic genes was dependent on ARID1A, whereas transcriptional activity of neurogenic genes was regulated by ARID1A, possibly through ARID1A-REST interaction.