tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Private Equity and Physician Medical Practices — Navigating a Changing Ecosystem
Authors: Jane M. Zhu, Daniel Polsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Interview with Dr. Jane Zhu on the growth of private-equity investment in medical practices. (08:03)Download In recent years, private-equity firms have emerged as influential players in the health care market, offering a lifeline to smaller groups needing a competitive edge. The growth of private-equity investment has generated intense interest in potential adverse effects.
P30.06 Outcome Differences Amongst Histopathological Variants of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Palliative Radiotherapy
Authors: A. Chauhan, A. Chanda, P. Kaur, A. Soni, S. Sehgal, A. Khurana, Y. Verma, O. Parkash
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: A 2-center, prospective, case-controlled study
Authors: Luisa Unterluggauer, Isabella Pospischil, Christoph Krall, Simona Saluzzo, Susanne Kimeswenger, Mario Karolyi, Christoph Wenisch, Bernd Lamprecht, Emmanuella Guenova, Stefan Winkler, Csilla Viczenczova, Andreas Bergthaler, Wolfgang Weninger, Wolfram Hoetzenecker, Georg Stary
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Toward a broader view of mechanisms of drug cardiotoxicity
Authors: Polina Mamoshina, Blanca Rodriguez, Alfonso Bueno-Orovio
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)

Cardiotoxicity, defined as toxicity that affects the heart, is one of the most common adverse drug effects. Numerous drugs have been shown to have the potential to induce lethal arrhythmias by affecting cardiac electrophysiology, which is the focus of current preclinical testing. However, a substantial number of drugs can also affect cardiac function beyond electrophysiology. Within this broader sense of cardiotoxicity, this review discusses the key drug-protein interactions known to be involved in cardiotoxic drug response. We cover adverse effects of anticancer, central nervous system, genitourinary system, gastrointestinal, antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infective agents, illustrating that many share mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, including contractility, mitochondrial function, and cellular signaling.
FOSL2 promotes VEGF-independent angiogenesis by transcriptionnally activating Wnt5a in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Xueying Wan, Shengdong Guan, Yixuan Hou, Yilu Qin, Huan Zeng, Liping Yang, Yina Qiao, Shuiqing Liu, Qiao Li, Ting Jin, Yuxiang Qiu, Manran Liu
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a predominant component of the tumor microenvironment, contribute to aggressive angiogenesis progression. In clinical practice, traditional anti-angiogenic therapy, mainly anti-VEGF, provides extremely limited beneficial effects to breast cancer. Here, we reveal that FOS-like 2 (FOSL2), a transcription factor in breast CAFs, plays a critical role in VEGF-independent angiogenesis in stromal fibroblasts. Methods: FOSL2 and Wnt5a expression was assessed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry in primary and immortalized CAFs and clinical samples. FOSL2- or Wnt5a-silenced CAFs and FOSL2-overexpressing NFs were established to explore their proangiogenic effects. Invasion, tubule formation, three-dimensional sprouting assays, and orthotopic xenografts were conducted as angiogenesis experiments. FZD5/NF-κB/ERK signaling activation was evaluated by western blotting after blocking VEGF/VEGFR with an anti-VEGF antibody and axitinib. Dual luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to test the role of FOSL2 in regulating Wnt5a expression, and Wnt5a in the serum of the patients was measured to assess its clinical diagnostic value for breast cancer patients. Results: Enhanced FOSL2 in breast CAFs was significantly associated with angiogenesis and clinical progression in patients. The supernatant from CAFs highly expressing FOSL2 strongly promoted tube formation and sprouting of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a VEGF-independent manner and angiogenesis as well as tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, the enhanced FOSL2 in CAFs was regulated by estrogen/cAMP/PKA signaling. Wnt5a, a direct target of FOSL2, specifically activated FZD5/NF-κB/ERK signaling in HUVECs to promote VEGF-independent angiogenesis. In addition, a high level of Wnt5a was commonly detected in the serum of breast cancer patients and closely correlated with microvessel density in breast tumor tissues, suggesting a promising clinical value of Wnt5a for breast cancer diagnostics. Conclusion: FOSL2/Wnt5a signaling plays an essential role in breast cancer angiogenesis in a VEGF-independent manner, and targeting the FOSL2/Wnt5a signaling axis in CAFs may offer a potential option for antiangiogenesis therapy.
Corneal ulcer after stem cell transplant
Authors: Jing Yang, Lingyi Liang
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Tidal breathing measurements can be used to identify changes in respiratory status. Structured light plethysmography (SLP) is a non-contact tidal breathing measurement technique. Lack of reference equations for SLP parameters makes clinical decision-making difficult. We have developed a set of growth-adjusted reference equations for seven clinically pertinent parameters of respiratory rate (<i>f</i><sub>R</sub>), inspiratory time (<i>t</i><sub>I</sub>), expiratory time (<i>t</i><sub>E</sub>), duty cycle (<i>t</i><sub>I</sub>/total breath time), phase (thoraco-abdominal asynchrony (TAA)), relative thoracic contribution (RTC) and tidal inspiratory/expiratory flow at 50% volume (IE50). Reference equations were developed based on a cohort of 198 seated healthy subjects (age 2–75 years, height 82–194 cm, 108 males). We adopted the same methodological approach as the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) report on spirometric reference equations. 5 min of tidal breathing was recorded per subject. Parameters were summarised with their medians. The supplementary material provided is an integral part of this work and a reference range calculator is provided therein. We found predicted <i>f</i><sub>R</sub> to decrease with age and height rapidly in the first 20 years and slowly thereafter. Expected <i>t</i><sub>I</sub>, <i>t</i><sub>E</sub> and RTC followed the opposite trend. RTC was 6.7% higher in females. Duty cycle increased with age, peaked at 13 years and decreased thereafter. TAA was high and variable in early life and declined rapidly with age. Predicted IE50 was constant, as it did not correlate with growth. These reference ranges for seven key measures ensure that clinicians and researchers can identify tidal breathing patterns in disease and better understand and interpret SLP and tidal breathing data.
Abstract P42: Construction of a risk map to understand the vulnerability of various types of cancer patients to COVID-19 infection
Authors: Jian He, Mei Meng, Yiyang Zhao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract COVID-19 is leading to a global pandemic and invades human cells via ACE2. ACE2 was found to abundantly expressed in many organs and cells. However, there is no evidence about the potential risk of various types of cancer patients vulnerable to the infection of COVID-19. To obtain a risk map which indicating the novel coronavirus vulnerability of different types of cancer, so in this work we analyzed the RNA sequencing datasets of cancer patient. By interrogating the datasets, we not only identified the cancer types which vulnerable to COVID-19 attacks, but also we reported that variations in the mRNA expression level of ACE2 correlate to various prognosis phenomenon in different types of cancer cohorts and illustrated the underlying mechanism involved in may be related to lymphocytes infiltration. From these discoveries, we constructed an infection risk map which indicate the vulnerability of different types of cancer to COVID-19 infection, also elucidated the correlationship between ACE2 and the prognosis of cancer. We found that high ACE2 expression levels leading high risk of COVID-19 infection and poor prognosis of BRCA while better prognosis in OV patient cohorts. Moreover, our study demonstrated that this different pattern may correlate with the immune infiltration level. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Jian He, Mei Meng, Yiyang Zhao. Construction of a risk map to understand the vulnerability of various types of cancer patients to COVID-19 infection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2021 Feb 3-5. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(6_Suppl):Abstract nr P42.
Using AI ethically to tackle covid-19
Authors: Stephen Cave, Jess Whittlestone, Rune Nyrup, Sean O hEigeartaigh, Rafael A Calvo
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Using AI ethically to tackle covid-19Taking a principled approach is crucial to the successful use of AI in pandemic management, say Stephen Cave and colleagues • Open and transparent communication with diverse stakeholder groups during development of AI systems is the best way of tackling these challenges on 12 July
High-dimensional analysis of the adenosine pathway in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Yacine Bareche, Sandra Pommey, Mayra Carneiro, Laurence Buisseret, Isabelle Cousineau, Pamela Thebault, Pavel Chrobak, Laudine Communal, David Allard, Simon C Robson, Anne-Marie Mes-Masson, Diane Provencher, Rejean Lapointe, John Stagg
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Hydrolysis of extracellular ATP to adenosine (eADO) is an important immune checkpoint in cancer immunology. We here investigated the impact of the eADO pathway in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) using multiparametric platforms.
Abstract 1628: Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Mediates Endothelial Cells Senescence in Hyperglycemia Under Protein Kinase C Pathway
Authors: Toyohiko Yokoi, Keisuke Fukuo, Osamu Yasuda, Hidenobu Kawamoto
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Endothelial ageing is accelerated in patients with diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism were unclear. Here, we show that an apoptosis-inducing signal, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (AS...
A novel small-molecule PROTAC selectively promotes tau clearance to improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer-like models
Authors: Weijin Wang, Qiuzhi Zhou, Tao Jiang, Shihong Li, Jinwang Ye, Jie Zheng, Xin Wang, Yanchao Liu, Minmin Deng, Dan Ke, Qun Wang, Yipeng Wang, Jian-Zhi Wang
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Intracellular accumulation of tau is a hallmark pathology in Alzheimer disease (AD) and the related tauopathies, thus targeting tau could be promising for drug development. Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) is a novel drug discovery strategy for selective protein degradation from within cells.
Use of a Community Center Primary Care Clinic and Subsequent Emergency Department Visits Among Unhoused Women
Authors: Jenell Stewart, Kathryn M. Stadeli, Kristjana H. Ásbjörnsdóttir, Margaret L. Green, Giana H. Davidson, Bryan J. Weiner, Shireesha Dhanireddy
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

This cohort study evaluates the association between use of a community center primary care clinic and subsequent nonemergent emergency department (ED) visits by unhoused women who exchange sex and inject drugs.
FP03.05 TLR9 Agonist CMP-001 Plus Atezolizumab +/- Radiation Therapy in Patients With PD-1 Blockade Resistant Advanced NSCLC
Authors: M. Negrao, V. Papadimitrakopoulou, A.C. Price, A.L. Tam, M. Furqan, S.T. Laroia, E. Massarelli, J. Pacheco, J.V. Heymach, A.S. Tsao, G. Walker, L. Vora, D. Mauro, H. Kelley, J.E. Woolridge, A.M. Krieg, J. Niu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
P90.03 A Phase 2 Trial of MRTX849 in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with KRAS G12C Mutation
Authors: A. Spira, G. Riely, W. Lawler, M. Shum, M. Socinski, R. Yanagihara, S. Roshan, T. Kheoh, J. Christensen, R. Chao, P. Janne, M. Garassino
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
MA12.06 A Study of the Prognosis of Patients With Limited-Stage SCLC Who Did Not Receive Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation After Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: X. Hu, F. Peng, M. Chen, Y. Kong, Y. Bao, Q. Zhang, Y. Xu, M. Chen
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Deep learning for chest X-ray analysis: A survey
Authors: Erdi Çallı, Ecem Sogancioglu, Bram van Ginneken, Kicky G. van Leeuwen, Keelin Murphy
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2021)

Recent advances in deep learning have led to a promising performance in many medical image analysis tasks. As the most commonly performed radiological exam, chest radiographs are a particularly important modality for which a variety of applications have been researched. The release of multiple, large, publicly available chest X-ray datasets in recent years has encouraged research interest and boosted the number of publications. In this paper, we review all studies using deep learning on chest radiographs published before March 2021, categorizing works by task: image-level prediction (classification and regression), segmentation, localization, image generation and domain adaptation. Detailed descriptions of all publicly available datasets are included and commercial systems in the field are described. A comprehensive discussion of the current state of the art is provided, including caveats on the use of public datasets, the requirements of clinically useful systems and gaps in the current literature.
Fabry Disease: The Current Treatment Landscape
Authors: Malte Lenders, Eva Brand
Journal: Drugs (2021)

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disease based on a deficiency of α-galactosidase A (AGAL) caused by mutations in the α-galactosidase A gene (GLA). The lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipids, especially globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3, deacylated form), leads to a multisystemic disease with progressive renal failure, cardiomyopathy with potentially malignant cardiac arrhythmias, and strokes, which considerably limits the life expectancy of affected patients. Diagnostic confirmation in male patients is based on the detection of AGAL deficiency in blood leukocytes, whereas in women, due to the potentially high residual enzymatic activity, molecular genetic detection of a causal mutation is required. Current treatment options for FD include recombinant enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with intravenous agalsidase-alfa (0.2 mg/kg body weight) or agalsidase-beta (1 mg/kg body weight) every 2 weeks and oral chaperone therapy with migalastat (123 mg every other day), which selectively and reversibly binds to the active site of AGAL, thereby correcting the misfolding of the enzyme and allowing it to traffic to the lysosome. These therapies enable cellular Gb3 clearance and improve the burden of disease. However, in about 40% of all ERT-treated men, ERT can lead to infusion-associated reactions and the formation of neutralizing antidrug antibodies, which reduces the efficacy of therapy. In chaperone therapy, there are carriers of amenable mutations that show limited clinical success. This article provides a brief overview of the clinical picture in FD patients, diagnostic confirmation, and interdisciplinary clinical management of FD. The focus is on current and future therapeutic options.
Is the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Measurement Still Preeminent?—New Measures to Quantify Subclinical Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Clyde W. Yancy, Gregg C. Fonarow
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

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Device Uses Electrical Stimulation to Control Snoring
Authors: Mary Chris Jaklevic
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The digital scribe in clinical practice: a scoping review and research agenda
Authors: Marieke M. van Buchem, Hileen Boosman, Martijn P. Bauer, Ilse M. J. Kant, Simone A. Cammel, Ewout W. Steyerberg
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2021)

Abstract The number of clinician burnouts is increasing and has been linked to a high administrative burden. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) and natural language processing (NLP) techniques may address this issue by creating the possibility of automating clinical documentation with a “digital scribe”. We reviewed the current status of the digital scribe in development towards clinical practice and present a scope for future research. We performed a literature search of four scientific databases (Medline, Web of Science, ACL, and Arxiv) and requested several companies that offer digital scribes to provide performance data. We included articles that described the use of models on clinical conversational data, either automatically or manually transcribed, to automate clinical documentation. Of 20 included articles, three described ASR models for clinical conversations. The other 17 articles presented models for entity extraction, classification, or summarization of clinical conversations. Two studies examined the system’s clinical validity and usability, while the other 18 studies only assessed their model’s technical validity on the specific NLP task. One company provided performance data. The most promising models use context-sensitive word embeddings in combination with attention-based neural networks. However, the studies on digital scribes only focus on technical validity, while companies offering digital scribes do not publish information on any of the research phases. Future research should focus on more extensive reporting, iteratively studying technical validity and clinical validity and usability, and investigating the clinical utility of digital scribes.
Refining the 10-Year Prediction of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Jan M. Leerink, Helena J.H. van der Pal, Leontien C.M. Kremer, Elizabeth A.M. Feijen, Paola G. Meregalli, Milanthy S. Pourier, Remy Merkx, Louise Bellersen, Elvira C. van Dalen, Jacqueline Loonen, Yigal M. Pinto, Livia Kapusta, Annelies M.C. Mavinkurve-Groothuis, Wouter E.M. Kok
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2021)

In childhood cancer survivors (CCS) at risk for heart failure, echocardiographic surveillance recommendations are currently based on anthracyclines and chest-directed radiotherapy dose. Whether the ejection fraction (EF) measured at an initial surveillance echocardiogram can refine these recommendations is unknown.The purpose of this study was to assess the added predictive value of EF at >5 years after cancer diagnosis to anthracyclines and chest-directed radiotherapy dose in CCS, for the development of left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction <40% (LVD40).Echocardiographic surveillance was performed in 299 CCS from the Emma Children's Hospital in the Netherlands. Cox regression models were built including cardiotoxic cancer treatment exposures with and without EF to estimate the probability of LVD40 at 10-year follow-up. Calibration, discrimination, and reclassification were assessed. Results were externally validated in 218 CCS.Cumulative incidences of LVD40 at 10-year follow-up were 3.7% and 3.6% in the derivation and validation cohort, respectively. The addition of EF resulted in an integrated area under the curve increase from 0.74 to 0.87 in the derivation cohort and from 0.72 to 0.86 in the validation cohort (likelihood ratio p < 0.001). Reclassification of CCS without LVD40 improved significantly (noncase continuous net reclassification improvement 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40 to 0.60). A predicted LVD40 probability ≤3%, representing 75% of the CCS, had a negative predictive value of 99% (95% CI: 98% to 100%) for LVD40 within 10 years. However, patients with midrange EF (40% to 49%) at initial screening had an incidence of LVD40 of 11% and a 7.81-fold (95% CI: 2.07- to 29.50-fold) increased risk of LV40 at follow-up.In CCS, an initial surveillance EF, in addition to anthracyclines and chest-directed radiotherapy dose, improves the 10-year prediction for LVD40. Through this strategy, both the identification of low-risk survivors in whom the surveillance frequency may be reduced and a group of survivors at increased risk of LVD40 could be identified.
Two thirds of female cardiologists have experienced discrimination, survey finds
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Two thirds of female consultant cardiologists (62%) have had experience of discrimination at work—three times the proportion (20%) of men who have, a survey has found.

Researchers from Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust in London and from Manchester Royal Infirmary described the results of a survey conducted in 2018 in the journal …
Development of double-positive thymocytes at single-cell resolution
Authors: Young Li, Kun Li, Lianbang Zhu, Bin Li, Dandan Zong, Pengfei Cai, Chen Jiang, Pengcheng Du, Jun Lin, Kun Qu
Journal: Genome Medicine (2021)

T cells generated from thymopoiesis are essential for the immune system, and recent single-cell studies have contributed to our understanding of the development of thymocytes at the genetic and epigenetic levels. However, the development of double-positive (DP) T cells, which comprise the majority of thymocytes, has not been well investigated.
A Phase II Trial Evaluating the Use of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Panobinostat for Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD) Prevention
Authors: Lia Perez, Hugo F. Fernandez, Farhad Khimani, Ernesto Ayala, Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja, Asmita Mishra, Leonel Ochoa, Brian C. Betts, Joseph Pidala, Claudio Anasetti
Journal: Blood (2017)