tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter to the editor: Is transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt the best treatment for adults without cirrhosis with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and portal hypertension?
Authors: Caroline P. Lemoine, Riccardo Superina
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

To the editor, We read with interest the recent study by Knight et al.[1] describing the researchers' experience with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in adults with portal hypertension without cirrhosis and chronic mesenteric venous thrombosis or extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO). We found that the conclusions about the benefits of the procedure were overstated despite the obvious skill required to perform shunting in a large percentage of patients. We found that important information was missing or not gathered, which may have had an effect on the conclusion that a TIPS is an acceptable first choice in the treatment of this condition. Minimal HE from portosystemic shunting has been described in children and young adults as deficits in neurocognitive functioning. The rate of HE in this report was very low. Whereas the diagnosis of overt HE is simplified by the presence of typical symptoms, minimal HE constitutes an under‐recognized condition given that its diagnosis requires psychometric testing and neuropsychological evaluation.[2] The investigators did not describe how HE evaluation was performed, explaining the purported low rate observed in their cohort. There was also no mention of known long‐term complications from chronic portosystemic shunting, such as the development of liver masses (sometimes malignant), portopulmonary hypertension, or hepatopulmonary syndrome. The investigators briefly mention the meso‐Rex bypass (MRB). This operation has been shown to restore portal venous blood flow in children with portal hypertension from EHPVO. The MRB has been shown to be superior to portosystemic shunts in reversing the sequelae of portal hypertension and long‐term effects of portosystemic shunting,[3] including encephalopathy, that may become more consequential in the adult setting. The MRB has been successfully performed in adults, leading to liver regeneration and resolution of splenomegaly.[4] In a recently published series,[5] the patency rate of MRB in nontransplant adults without cirrhosis was 73% with a median follow‐up of 22 months. Only 4 patients required a percutaneous intervention postoperatively (36%), successfully restoring shunt patency in 2. The MRB is feasible in adult patients without cirrhosis with portal hypertension caused by EHPVO. The candidacy of patients for an MRB should be evaluated before considering interventions that may lead to the development of long‐term systemic complications from chronic portosystemic shunting. FUNDING INFORMATION Supported by the Robert E. Schneider Foundation CONFLICT OF INTEREST Nothing to report. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Caroline Lemoine: drafting the article for important intellectual content. Riccardo Superina: drafting the article for important intellectual content, final approval of the version to be published.
Great American Smokeout — November 21, 2019
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2019)

The American Cancer Society's Great American Smokeout is an annual event that encourages smokers to make a plan to quit smoking (https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/great-american-smokeout.html). The 44th annual Great American Smokeout will occur on November 21, 2019.
PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY.
Authors: RAMON GUITERAS
Journal: JAMA (1899)

<h3>SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE BOTTINI OPERATION.</h3> One of the curses of old age is hypertrophy of the prostrate. Why it occurs in some unfortunates and not in others is a question that is difficult to answer, and if it could be answered it would then be possible to learn the cause, a question which now is such a puzzling one to the most learned and observing surgeons. It would seem natural to suppose that those who had in early youth suffered from venereal troubles, or had indulged too freely in the dissipation of life, would be the ones picked out for punishment in old age, but such does not seem to be the case, and in my personal experience it seems rather an unjust reward for the steady, the forbearing and the righteous. To describe just what this condition is would be to unfold a mystery which the most distinguished
An exploratory analysis of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 as a new biomarker of asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infection in solid-organ transplant recipients
Authors: Nerea Carrasco-Antón, Ana Victoria Ibarra-Meneses, Eugenia Carrillo, Mario Fernández-Ruiz, Pilar Hernández-Jiménez, José María Aguado, Javier Moreno, Francisco López-Medrano
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Germline RUNX1 Deficiency Predisposes to Allergic and Autoimmune Disease and is Associated with Increased Th2 and Th17 Memory CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Keith Sacco, Min (Jenny) Li, Karen Laky, Matt Merguerian, Kathleen Craft, Lea Cunningham, Paul Liu, Pamela Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Visualization of Tumor Heterogeneity in Advanced Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma by Dual-Tracer Molecular Imaging
Authors: Natalie Hasenauer, Takahiro Higuchi, Barbara Deschler-Baier, Philipp E. Hartrampf, Martin G. Pomper, Steven P. Rowe, Martin Fassnacht, Andreas K. Buck, Rudolf A. Werner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract We present the case of a 60-year-old man with medullary thyroid carcinoma and hepatic, osseous, and lymph node metastases who underwent peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177 Lu-DOTATOC. After 2 cycles, 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT revealed multiple nonavid lesions. To assess whether the patient would be eligible for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–targeted radioligand therapy, a PSMA PET/CT was conducted. PSMA PET/CT identified increased PSMA expression in both 68 Ga-DOTATOC–avid and nonavid lesions. As such, dual-radiotracer PET/CT may allow for insights into the complexities of tumor heterogeneity in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma, which may pave the way for subsequent therapeutic algorithms.
Lanadelumab efficacy and safety after switching from androgens: analysis of the phase 3 HELP and HELP OLE studies for hereditary angioedema
Authors: William Lumry, Douglas Johnston, Marc Riedl, Zia Choudhry, Christina Nurse, Ashley Yegin, Salome Juethner, Aleena Banerji
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
"THE BASAL METABOLISM OF MAN IN THE TROPICS"
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The role of precision medicine in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Toby M. Maher, Anoop M. Nambiar, Athol U. Wells
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

The management of interstitial lung disease (ILD) may benefit from a conceptual shift. Increased understanding of this complex and heterogeneous group of disorders over the past 20 years has highlighted the need for individualised treatment strategies that encompass diagnostic classification and disease behaviour. Biomarker-based approaches to precision medicine hold the greatest promise. Robust, large-scale biomarker-based technologies supporting ILD diagnosis have been developed, and future applications relating to staging, prognosis and assessment of treatment response are emerging. Artificial intelligence may redefine our ability to base prognostic evaluation on both diagnosis and underlying disease processes, sharpening individualised treatment algorithms to a level not previously achieved. Compared with therapeutic areas such as oncology, precision medicine in ILD is still in its infancy. However, the heterogeneous nature of ILD suggests that many relevant molecular, environmental and behavioural targets may serve as useful biomarkers if we are willing to invest in their identification and validation.
A Commentary on ‘Preoperative pulmonary function tests do not predict the development of pulmonary complications after elective major abdominal surgery: A prospective cohort study’ (Int J Surg 2019; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.11.032 [Epub ahead of print])
Authors: Meer M. Chisthi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2019)
Reply: Measurement of hypoxia in the lung in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a matter of control
Authors: Joanna C. Porter, Thida Win, Kjell Erlandsson, Kris Thielemans, Ashley M. Groves
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

We thank P-S. Bellaye and co-workers for their considered and insightful response. Given their finding of [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]F-MISO) uptake in the bleomycin mouse model of fibrosis [1], we too were surprised not to demonstrate a similar signal in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, as acknowledged, there are other examples of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers, such as cis-4-[18F]-fluoro-l-proline, yielding PET signals in animal lung fibrosis models that have not been replicated in humans with fibrotic lung disease [2, 3]. In vivo PET imaging in IPF patients shows no significant evidence of lung tissue hypoxia <https://bit.ly/3fywY7K>
Climate change: fires, floods, and infectious diseases
Authors: None The Lancet Microbe
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2021)

Against a backdrop of devastating wildfires and floods across the world and the hottest July on record, on Aug 9, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published Working Group I's contribution to its Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2021. This document focuses on the physical science basis of climate change and is the starkest yet to be released by IPCC, stating the unequivocal contribution of humans to the warming of the planet.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-neutralizing memory B cells are elicited by two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine
Authors: Ryutaro Kotaki, Yu Adachi, Saya Moriyama, Taishi Onodera, Shuetsu Fukushi, Takaki Nagakura, Keisuke Tonouchi, Kazutaka Terahara, Lin Sun, Tomohiro Takano, Ayae Nishiyama, Masaharu Shinkai, Kunihiro Oba, Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama, Hidefumi Shimizu, Tadaki Suzuki, Takayuki Matsumura, Masanori Isogawa, Yoshimasa Takahashi
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have mutations in the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) with potential to evade neutralizing antibody. In particular, the Beta and Omicron variants escape from antibody neutralizing activity in those who received two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Nonetheless, boosting with a third vaccine dose or by breakthrough infection improves the overall breadth of the neutralizing antibodies, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we longitudinally profiled the cellular composition of RBD-binding memory B cell subsets and their antibody binding and neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants after the second dose of mRNA vaccine. Two doses of the mRNA vaccine elicited plasma neutralizing antibodies with a limited activity against Beta and Omicron but induced an expanded antibody breadth overtime, up to 4.9 months after vaccination. In contrast, more than one-third of RBD-binding IgG+ memory B cells with a resting phenotype initially bound the Beta and Omicron variants and steadily increased the B cell receptor breadth overtime. As a result, a fraction of the resting memory B cell subset secreted Beta and Omicron-neutralizing antibody when stimulated in vitro. The neutralizing breadth of the resting memory B cell subset helps us understand the prominent recall of Omicron-neutralizing antibodies after an additional booster or breakthrough infection in fully vaccinated individuals.
Functional Disorders of the Foot.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1940)

This second edition retains for the most part the general plan and contenrt of the original edition, but certain additions, as well as deletions of unessential material, make it a more practical treatise on the subject.Much of the space formerly given to foot apparel has been deleted with benefit.Added to the treatment of metatarsalgia is McElvenny's operation for the removal of a tumor on the fourth plantar nerve; a schematic drawing of the incision and location of the tumor mass is included, together with a photograph of a neurofibroma removed from the fourth plantar nerve.The chapter on the congenital deformity Hallux Varus has been furnished with a photo- graphic figure and with a diagrammatic drawing of the operative correction.To the treatments of affections of the heel has been added the injection of 5 c.c. of Ensipin procaine into the painful area over calcaneal spurs.Two new chapters appear, the first dealing with functional disorders of the foot in relation to military service, the second with such disorders in re- lation to industry.These chapters are -composed largely of material which had previously been presented elsewhere in the text.The chapter on constitutional diseases affecting the foot has been expanded and improved, but still leaves much to be desired.This edition is the most practical single treatment on disorders of the foot.The alterations are not so numerous, however, that anyone already possessing the first edition would be justified in making the expenditure for the second.
Translation and emerging functions of non‐coding RNAs in inflammation and immunity
Authors: Elena Della Bella, Jana Koch, Katja Baerenfaller
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Abstract Regulatory non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including small non‐coding RNAs (sRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained considerable attention in the last few years. This is mainly due to their condition‐ and tissue‐specific expression and their various modes of action, which suggests them as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. One important mechanism of ncRNAs to regulate gene expression is through translation of short open reading frames (sORFs). These sORFs can be located in lncRNAs, in non‐translated regions of mRNAs where upstream ORFs (uORFs) represent the majority, or in circRNAs. Regulation of their translation can function as a quick way to adapt protein production to changing cellular or environmental cues, and can either depend solely on the initiation and elongation of translation, or on the roles of the produced functional peptides. Due to the experimental challenges to pinpoint translation events and to detect the produced peptides, translational regulation through regulatory RNAs is not well studied yet. In the case of circRNAs, they have only recently started to be recognized as regulatory molecules instead of mere artifacts of RNA biosynthesis. Of the many roles described for regulatory ncRNAs, we will focus here on their regulation during inflammation and in immunity.
Autologous NK cells as consolidation therapy following stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Hareth Nahi, Michael Chrobok, Stephan Meinke, Charlotte Gran, Nicole Marquardt, Gabriel Afram, Tolga Sutlu, Mari Gilljam, Birgitta Stellan, Arnika K. Wagner, Pontus Blomberg, Per-Henrik Holmqvist, Lilian Walther-Jallow, Karin Mellström, Johan Liwing, Charlotte Gustafsson, Robert Månsson, Monika Klimkowska, Gösta Gahrton, Johan Lund, Per Ljungman, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Evren Alici
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

Few approaches have been made toward exploring autologous NK cells in settings of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of infusing multiple doses of ex vivo activated and expanded autologous NK cells in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) post-autologous stem cell transplantation. Infused NK cells were detected in circulation up to 4 weeks after the last infusion. Elevations in plasma granzyme B levels were observed following each consecutive NK cell infusion. Moreover, increased granzyme B levels were detected in bone marrow 4 weeks after the last infusion. All measurable patients had objective, detectable responses after NK cell infusions in terms of reduction in M-component and/or minimal residual disease. The present study demonstrates that autologous NK cell-based immunotherapy is feasible in a setting of MM consolidation therapy. It opens up the possibility for usage of autologous NK cells in clinical settings where patients are not readily eligible for allogeneic NK cell-based immunotherapies.
The Selective Advantage of α<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: David A. Lomas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

The S- and Z-deficiency alleles of alpha1-antitrypsin are found in more than 20% of some white populations. This high gene frequency suggests that these mutations confer a selective advantage, but the biologic mechanism of this has remained obscure. It is now well recognized that the S and Z alleles result in a conformational transition within the alpha1-antitrypsin molecule and the formation of polymers that are retained within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. Polymers of mutant alpha1-antitrypsin can also form within the alveoli and small airways of the lung where they may drive the inflammation that underlies emphysema in individuals with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. This local production of polymers by mutant S and Z alpha1-antitrypsin may have also provided protection against infectious disease in the preantibiotic era by focusing and amplifying the inflammatory response to limit invasive respiratory and gastrointestinal infection. It is only since the discovery of antibiotics, the widespread adoption of smoking, and increased longevity that these protective, proinflammatory properties of alpha1-antitrypsin mutants have become detrimental to cause the emphysema and systemic inflammatory diseases associated with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Broadly Applicable Hydrogel Fabrication Procedures Guided by YAP/TAZ‐Activity Reveal Stiffness, Adhesiveness, and Nuclear Projected Area as Checkpoints for Mechanosensing (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 3/2022)
Authors: Alessandro Gandin, Veronica Torresan, Lorenzo Ulliana, Tito Panciera, Paolo Contessotto, Anna Citron, Francesca Zanconato, Michelangelo Cordenonsi, Stefano Piccolo, Giovanna Brusatin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Mechanobiology Hydrogels are biomaterials that recapitulate the physical cues that natural extracellular matrices deliver to cells. In article number 2102276 by Giovanna Brusatin and co-workers, hydrogels' mechanosignaling is monitored by the activation state of YAP/TAZ, revealing distinct checkpoints for cellular mechanosensing: stiffness, adhesiveness and nuclear projected area.
Immunomodulator Withdrawal From Anti-TNF Therapy Is Not Associated With Loss of Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Remi Mahmoud, Hans-Paul Schultheiss, Jonas Louwers, Michiel van der Kaaij, Boris van Hellemondt, Nofel Mahmmod, Petra van Boeckel, Bindia Jharap, Herma Fidder, Bas Oldenburg
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
When I use a word . . . . Medical words newly logged in the OED in September 2021
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Of 795 lexical items in the <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> newly logged in September 2021, 29 have medical relevance, 20 of which relate to cardiology, showcasing some aspects of the history of cardiological developments in the past 165 years. “Anti-vax” and “anti-vaxxer” are newly recorded, but are by no means new to the language, since the first instance of “anti-vax” dates back to 1812. The newest term to enter the dictionary is “long covid,” which cannot be found before its occurrence in a tweet posted in May 2020.
Is It Time to Reevaluate Current International Normalized Ratio Targets for Asian Patients Following Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement?
Authors: Daniel M. Witt
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Jo-Ting Huang, MD; Yi-Hsin Chan, MD; Victor Chien-Chia Wu, MD; Yu-Ting Cheng, MD; Dong-Yi Chen, MD; Chia-Pin Lin, MD; Kuo-Chun Hung, MD; Shang-Hung Chang, MD, PhD; Pao-Hsien Chu, MD; An-Hsun Chou, MD, PhD; Shao-Wei Chen, MD, PhD
Two-Step Strategy, FIB-4 Followed by Magnetic Resonance Elastography, for Detecting Advanced Fibrosis in NAFLD
Authors: Nobuharu Tamaki, Kento Imajo, Suzanne R. Sharpton, Jinho Jung, Nancy Sutter, Nobuyoshi Kawamura, Masato Yoneda, Mark A. Valasek, Cynthia Behling, Claude B. Sirlin, Masayuki Kurosaki, Namiki Izumi, Atsushi Nakajima, Rohit Loomba
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
Membrane protective role of autophagic machinery during infection of epithelial cells by <i>Candida albicans</i>
Authors: Pierre Lapaquette, Amandine Ducreux, Louise Basmaciyan, Tracy Paradis, Fabienne Bon, Amandine Bataille, Pascale Winckler, Bernhard Hube, Christophe d’Enfert, Audrey Esclatine, Elisabeth Dubus, Marie-Agnès Bringer, Etienne Morel, Frédéric Dalle
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections ranging from superficial to life-threatening disseminated infections. In a susceptible host, C. albicans is able to translocate through the gut barrier, promoting its dissemination into deeper organs. C. albicans hyphae can invade human epithelial cells by two well-documented mechanisms: epithelial-driven endocytosis and C. albicans-driven active penetration. One mechanism by which host cells protect themselves against intracellular C. albicans is termed autophagy. The protective role of autophagy during C. albicans infection has been investigated in myeloid cells; however, far less is known regarding the role of this process during the infection of epithelial cells. In the present study, we investigated the role of autophagy-related proteins during the infection of epithelial cells, including intestinal epithelial cells and gut explants, by C. albicans. Using cell imaging, we show that key molecular players of the autophagy machinery (LC3-II, PI3P, ATG16L1, and WIPI2) were recruited at Candida invasion sites. We deepened these observations by electron microscopy analyses that reveal the presence of autophagosomes in the vicinity of invading hyphae. Importantly, these events occur during active penetration of C. albicans into host cells and are associated with plasma membrane damage. In this context, we show that the autophagy-related key proteins ATG5 and ATG16L1 contribute to plasma membrane repair mediated by lysosomal exocytosis and participate in protecting epithelial cells against C. albicans-induced cell death. Our findings provide a novel mechanism by which epithelial cells, forming the first line of defense against C. albicans in the gut, can react to limit C. albicans invasion.