tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P145: Health Literacy And Self-care Practices Among Rural Appalachian Adults
Authors: Madeline Dunfee, Brittany Smalls, Philip Westgate, Susan Westneat, Gia Mudd Martin, Nancy E Schoenberg
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Appalachian communities is among the highest in the nation. Health literacy, one’s ability to understand and use information to make health-related decisions, influences self-care practices which, in turn, shape chronic disease prevalence and outcomes. Hypothesis: Higher levels of health literacy are associated with optimal self-care practices among rural Appalachian adults with T2DM. Methods: Adults (N=356) diagnosed with T2DM were recruited from community sites across six rural Appalachian counties in Kentucky. Health literacy was measured using the New Vital Sign (NVS), with scores ranging 0-6. T2DM self-care was assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), with scores ranging 0-35. Linear mixed-effects models with random effects to account for clustering at the community level and household within site were fit to examine the association between level of health literacy and self-care practices. Results: The majority of the sample identified as female (65%), with a mean age of 64.2 years (SD: 10.6). The mean and median health literacy scores were 4.0 (SD: 2.0) and 5, respectively, indicating moderate health literacy. T2DM self-care scores ranged from 4-33 (Median= 17, Mean=17.1, SD: 6.3), indicating room for improvement concerning frequency of self-care practices. Specifically, average rates of self-care practices per week included following a generally healthy diet 3 days (SD: 2), exercising for 30 minutes 2 days (SD: 2), measuring blood sugar level 4 days (SD: 3), and practicing foot care 5 days (SD: 1). Health literacy was not associated with self-care practices when controlling for age, sex and financial status. Conclusions: Contrary to our hypothesis, results do not suggest a direct association between health literacy and T2DM self-care practices among Appalachian adults. Future studies should explore other personal or socio-cultural factors that may influence T2DM self-care among vulnerable populations experiencing numerous risk factors of cardiometabolic disease.
High-Sensitivity Troponin after Cardiac Surgery — Is the VISION Any Clearer?
Authors: James A. de Lemos, Michael Jessen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Perioperative myocardial infarction is an important complication after cardiac surgery that leads to excess perioperative mortality. Perioperative myocardial infarction may be caused by inadequately treated preoperative ischemia, insufficient interoperative myocardial protection, or untoward surgical events (e.g., incomplete revascularization, graft failure, or embolization). Accurate early diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction may allow intervention in a timely manner to mitigate infarct size. In addition, valid criteria for perioperative myocardial infarction are needed so that clinical trials aimed at improving cardiac surgical outcomes can be designed and interpreted. Distinct from perioperative myocardial infarction, "significant" perioperative myocardial injury is a more nebulous term used . . .
Case 40-2021: A 9-Year-Old Boy with Transient Weakness, Facial Droop, and Slurred Speech
Authors: Miya E. Bernson-Leung, Otto Rapalino, Melissa A. Walker, William E. Butler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

A 9-year-old boy was transferred to this hospital because of transient weakness, facial droop, and slurred speech that occurred after an episode of crying. The symptoms lasted approximately 2 minutes and then resolved. Two years earlier, the patient had been evaluated for episodes of shaking in the arms and legs. A diagnosis was made.
Perirenal Infiltration of Signet Ring Cell Colon Carcinoma Shown by 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT
Authors: Yunus Güzel, İhsan Kaplan, Ferat Kepenek, Nilgün Söğütçü, Halil Kömek
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A soft tissue lesion surrounding the left kidney was detected in 18F-FDG PET/CT performed with suspicion of recurrence in a patient who was operated for descending colon cancer and showed mild FDG uptake. Intense fibroblast activation protein-specific inhibitor (FAPI) uptake in the perirenal soft tissue was observed in 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. Tru-cut biopsy of the left perirenal lesion revealed signet ring cell colon carcinoma metastasis. This case demonstrated that 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT could be a promising radiopharmaceutical for the evaluation of signet ring cell colon carcinomas.
The role of itaconate in host defense and inflammation
Authors: Christian G. Peace, Luke A.J. O’Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Macrophages exposed to inflammatory stimuli including LPS undergo metabolic reprogramming to facilitate macrophage effector function. This metabolic reprogramming supports phagocytic function, cytokine release, and ROS production that are critical to protective inflammatory responses. The Krebs cycle is a central metabolic pathway within all mammalian cell types. In activated macrophages, distinct breaks in the Krebs cycle regulate macrophage effector function through the accumulation of several metabolites that were recently shown to have signaling roles in immunity. One metabolite that accumulates in macrophages because of the disturbance in the Krebs cycle is itaconate, which is derived from cis-aconitate by the enzyme cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1), encoded by immunoresponsive gene 1 (Irg1). This Review focuses on itaconate’s emergence as a key immunometabolite with diverse roles in immunity and inflammation. These roles include inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (which controls levels of succinate, a metabolite with multiple roles in inflammation), inhibition of glycolysis at multiple levels (which will limit inflammation), activation of the antiinflammatory transcription factors Nrf2 and ATF3, and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Itaconate and its derivatives have antiinflammatory effects in preclinical models of sepsis, viral infections, psoriasis, gout, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and pulmonary fibrosis, pointing to possible itaconate-based therapeutics for a range of inflammatory diseases. This intriguing metabolite continues to yield fascinating insights into the role of metabolic reprogramming in host defense and inflammation.
Early reduction in PD-L1 expression predicts faster treatment response in human cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Nidhi S. Dey, Sujai Senaratne, Vijani Somaratne, Nayani P. Madarasinghe, Bimalka Seneviratne, Sarah Forrester, Marcela Montes de Oca, Luiza Campos Reis, Srija Moulik, Pegine B. Walrad, Mitali Chatterjee, Hiro Goto, Renu Wickremasinghe, Dimitris Lagos, Paul M. Kaye, Shalindra Ranasinghe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by Leishmania donovani in Sri Lanka. Pentavalent antimonials (e.g., sodium stibogluconate [SSG]) remain first-line drugs for CL with no new effective treatments emerging. We studied whole blood and lesion transcriptomes from Sri Lankan patients with CL at presentation and during SSG treatment. From lesions but not whole blood, we identified differential expression of immune-related genes, including immune checkpoint molecules, after onset of treatment. Using spatial profiling and RNA-FISH, we confirmed reduced expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) proteins on treatment in lesions of a second validation cohort and further demonstrated significantly higher expression of these checkpoint molecules on parasite-infected compared with noninfected lesional CD68+ monocytes and macrophages. Crucially, early reduction in PD-L1 but not IDO1 expression was predictive of rate of clinical cure (HR = 4.88) and occurred in parallel with reduction in parasite load. Our data support a model whereby the initial anti–leishmanial activity of antimonial drugs alleviates checkpoint inhibition on T cells, facilitating immune-drug synergism and clinical cure. Our findings demonstrate that PD-L1 expression can be used as a predictor of rapidity of clinical response to SSG treatment in Sri Lanka and support further evaluation of PD-L1 as a host-directed therapeutic in leishmaniasis.
Health-care provision for displaced populations arriving from Ukraine
Authors: Alena Kamenshchikova, Ioana Margineau, Shazia Munir, Felicity Knights, Jessica Carter, Ana Requena-Mendez, Yusuf Ciftci, Rosemary A James, Miriam Orcutt, Karl Blanchet, Apostolos Veizis, Bernadette Kumar, Teymur Noori, Sally Hargreaves
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)
B05: RESULTS FROM A META-ANALYSIS OF CILTACABTAGENE AUTOLEUCEL COMPARED TO PHYSICIAN’S CHOICE OF TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: F Gay, JG Berdeja, V De Stefano, P Hari, B Hooper, A Haltner, S Kumar, T Martin, M-V Mateos, P Moreau, E Rosta, IA Samjoo, SZ Usmani, K Weisel, CC Jackson, Y Olyslager, JM Schecter, M Vogel, A Garrett, S Lee, T Nesheiwat, L Pacaud, C Zhou, S Valluri, LJ Costa, Y Lin
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Introduction: The CARTITUDE-1 trial (NCT03548207) is evaluating ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a novel chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who are triple-class exposed to immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. Indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs) have been previously conducted between cilta-cel and physician’s choice of treatment (PCT) as no clear standard of care exists for patients with triple-class exposed RRMM and no direct head-to-head trials were performed to evaluate cilta-cel and other relevant treatments. Objective: To perform meta-analyses to derive single summary effect estimates for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using pooled ITCs that evaluated cilta-cel versus PCT in patients with triple-class exposed RRMM. Methods: ITCs comparing the effectiveness of cilta-cel versus PCT on OS and PFS were included in this analysis. The data cut-off date for CARTITUDE-1 was February 2021, and data for PCT were based on the following sources: (i) Flatiron, a largely US community-based MM registry; (ii) long-term follow-up data from POLLUX (NCT02076009), CASTOR (NCT02136134), and EQUULEUS (NCT01998971), three global RRMM daratumumab randomized clinical trials; (iii) MAMMOTH, a retrospective study based in the US; and (iv) a representative German patient registry maintained by OncologyInformationService. The PCT group for each ITC comprised patients who fulfilled key eligibility criteria for the CARTITUDE-1 trial and was made comparable to CARTITUDE-1 using inverse probability of treatment weighting, resulting in ITCs that were appropriate for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis used a robust variance estimator to account for the use of CARTITUDE-1 in each pairwise ITC. The main meta-analyses included all patients treated with cilta-cel in CARTITUDE-1 compared with PCT. Sensitivity analyses considered ITC effect estimates based on all patients enrolled in CARTITUDE-1. Hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported for pooled summary effect estimates. Results: Based on available data, the main meta-analyses included four ITCs for OS and three ITCs for PFS. Significant improvement in OS (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.13–0.34) and PFS (HR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07–0.63) was observed with cilta-cel versus PCT (Figure). Results of the main meta-analyses were confirmed with sensitivity analyses that included all enrolled patients. Conclusions: Cilta-cel demonstrated a significant OS and PFS advantage versus PCT in the meta-analyses, highlighting its potential as an effective treatment in patients with triple-class exposed RRMM.
Further Considerations on Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder—Reply
Authors: Andrew M. Chanen, Jennifer K. Betts, Henry Jackson
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Development of a New Risk Stratification System for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Using R-ISS and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hee Jeong Cho, Juhyung Kim, Jung Min Lee, Dong Won Baek, Sung-Hoon Jung, Sang Eun Yoon, Sung-Soo Park, Do Young Kim, Ho-Jin Shin, Yeung-Chul Mun, Jun Ho Yi, Hyo Jung Kim, Da Jung Kim, Ho Sup Lee, Sung Hwa Bae, Sang Kyun Sohn, Chang-Ki Min, Kihyun Kim, Je-Jung Lee, Yoo Jin Lee, Jae-Cheol Jo, Joon Ho Moon
Journal: Blood (2021)
Energetic Basis for Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Congestion in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Matthew K. Burrage, Moritz Hundertmark, Ladislav Valkovič, William D. Watson, Jennifer Rayner, Nikant Sabharwal, Vanessa M. Ferreira, Stefan Neubauer, Jack J. Miller, Oliver J. Rider, Andrew J.M. Lewis
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Transient pulmonary congestion during exercise is emerging as an important determinant of reduced exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We sought to determine whether an abnormal cardiac energetic state underpins this process.We recruited patients across the spectrum of diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF (controls, n=11; type 2 diabetes, n=9; HFpEF, n=14; and severe diastolic dysfunction attributable to cardiac amyloidosis, n=9). Cardiac energetics were measured using phosphorus spectroscopy to define the myocardial phosphocreatine to ATP ratio. Cardiac function was assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance cine imaging and echocardiography and lung water using magnetic resonance proton density mapping. Studies were performed at rest and during submaximal exercise using a magnetic resonance imaging ergometer.Paralleling the stepwise decline in diastolic function across the groups (E/e' ratio; P<0.001) was an increase in NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; P<0.001) and a reduction in phosphocreatine/ATP ratio (control, 2.15 [2.09, 2.29]; type 2 diabetes, 1.71 [1.61, 1.91]; HFpEF, 1.66 [1.44, 1.89]; cardiac amyloidosis, 1.30 [1.16, 1.53]; P<0.001). During 20-W exercise, lower left ventricular diastolic filling rates (r=0.58; P<0.001), lower left ventricular diastolic reserve (r=0.55; P<0.001), left atrial dilatation (r=-0.52; P<0.001), lower right ventricular contractile reserve (right ventricular ejection fraction change, r=0.57; P<0.001), and right atrial dilation (r=-0.71; P<0.001) were all linked to lower phosphocreatine/ATP ratio. Along with these changes, pulmonary proton density mapping revealed transient pulmonary congestion in patients with HFpEF (+4.4% [0.5, 6.4]; P=0.002) and cardiac amyloidosis (+6.4% [3.3, 10.0]; P=0.004), which was not seen in healthy controls (-0.1% [-1.9, 2.1]; P=0.89) or type 2 diabetes without HFpEF (+0.8% [-1.7, 1.9]; P=0.82). The development of exercise-induced pulmonary congestion was associated with lower phosphocreatine/ATP ratio (r=-0.43; P=0.004).A gradient of myocardial energetic deficit exists across the spectrum of HFpEF. Even at low workload, this energetic deficit is related to markedly abnormal exercise responses in all 4 cardiac chambers, which is associated with detectable pulmonary congestion. The findings support an energetic basis for transient pulmonary congestion in HFpEF.
Knowledge before belief: Evidence from unconscious content
Authors: Linda A. W. Brakel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract This commentary supports knowledge prior to belief, but from a different angle, supplementing the target article's central thesis. The target article evaluates belief-representations versus knowledge-representation in others. This commentary considers one's own unconscious knowledge, which can be prior to belief of any sort. Two examples are offered: one from clinical psychoanalysis, another involving a cognitive psychology duck/rabbit experiment.
Abstract P132: Self-reported Recreational Physical Activity And Incident Venous Thromboembolism Risk In The Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Laura B Harrington, Eric Johnson, Michael J LaMonte, Matthew A Allison, Charles B Eaton, Jean Wactawski-Wende, JoAnn E Manson, I-Min Lee, Majken K Jensen, Gregory Wellenius, Christopher Kabrhel, Andrea Z LaCroix, Kenneth J Mukamal
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: The association between physical activity (PA) and incident venous thromboembolism (VTE) is inconsistent and incompletely characterized. Hypothesis: Higher amounts of self-reported total PA will be associated with a lower risk of incident VTE. Methods: Eligible women were Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Hormone Therapy (HT) trial and Observational Study (OS) participants without prior VTE, able to walk at least one block, with baseline PA data (n=110,631). At multiple timepoints, women reported their current usual frequency and duration of walking and low, moderate, and strenuous intensity recreational PA, which were used to estimate energy expended. VTE, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, were validated in the WHI-HT and self-reported in the WHI-OS. Multivariable-adjusted (Table) Cox Proportional Hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of time-varying total PA and incident VTE risk, with women censored at death, loss to follow-up, and three years after their final PA measure. Results: At baseline, women were 64 years of age on average. Over an average of 9.9 years of follow-up, 1,403 women experienced incident VTE. In primary confounder-adjusted models, compared with women who reported no PA, higher tertiles of total PA were associated with a lower risk of incident VTE (high vs. no PA HR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.71; p-trend&lt;0.001) (Table). Further adjustment for potential mediators on the causal pathway (physical function, self-reported health, body mass index [BMI], cardiovascular-related factors) attenuated but did not eliminate this association (high vs. no PA HR=0.81; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.97; p-trend=0.017). Conclusions: Compared to no PA, higher tertiles of total PA were associated with a lower risk of incident VTE, even after adjusting for potential mediators reflecting physical function, health, BMI, and cardiovascular risk. Our results add to the apparent health benefits of even moderate amounts of recreational PA.
Incremental Value of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in Detection of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Brain
Authors: Alyaa Sadeq, Sharjeel Usmani, Abdulredha A. Esmail, Wael Fathallah, Mahmoud A. Alfeeli, Fahad Marafi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

18F-PSMA PET/CT is an emerging standard of care in staging prostate cancer, evaluating biochemical recurrence and response to therapy. Despite the nomenclature, PSMA expression is also documented at the tumor-associated neovasculature of other malignant solid tumors including renal cell carcinoma. We report a case of 44-year-old man known to have renal cell carcinoma who underwent 18F-PSMA and 18F-FDG PET/CT for restaging after radical nephrectomy. A well-defined solitary cerebellar lesion with marked PSMA expression and equivocal FDG uptake was noted. MRI brain confirmed a matching cerebellar metastatic lesion. 18F-PSMA expression in the metastatic RCC raises a prospective guide to futuristic theragnostic uses.
Clinical development of metabolic inhibitors for oncology
Authors: Kathryn M. Lemberg, Sadakatali S. Gori, Takashi Tsukamoto, Rana Rais, Barbara S. Slusher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Metabolic inhibitors have been used in oncology for decades, dating back to antimetabolites developed in the 1940s. In the past 25 years, there has been increased recognition of metabolic derangements in tumor cells leading to a resurgence of interest in targeting metabolism. More recently there has been recognition that drugs targeting tumor metabolism also affect the often acidic, hypoxic, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and non-tumor cell populations within it, including immune cells. Here we review small-molecule metabolic inhibitors currently in clinical development for oncology applications. For each agent, we evaluate the preclinical studies demonstrating antitumor and TME effects and review ongoing clinical trials. The goal of this Review is to provide an overview of the landscape of metabolic inhibitors in clinical development for oncology.
Treat to target versus standard of care for patients with Crohn's disease treated with ustekinumab (STARDUST): an open-label, multicentre, randomised phase 3b trial
Authors: Silvio Danese, Severine Vermeire, Geert D'Haens, Julian Panés, Axel Dignass, Fernando Magro, Maciej Nazar, Manuela Le Bars, Marjolein Lahaye, Lioudmila Ni, Ivana Bravata, Frederic Lavie, Marco Daperno, Milan Lukáš, Alessandro Armuzzi, Mark Löwenberg, Daniel R Gaya, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Rodolfo Rocca, Susana Lopes, Flavio Caprioli, Sandro Ardizzone, Ana Echarri Piudo, Paolo Gionchetti, Xavier Roblin, Ursula Seidler, David Andersson, Kamal Patel, Pierre Desreumaux, Simone Saibeni, Gustav From, Miroslav Fedurco, Milos Gregus, Yoram Bouhnik, Andreas Luegering, Rocco Cosintino, Ivan Bunganic, Jaime Ramos, Mariam Aguas Peris, Olivier Dewit, Mariabeatrice Principi, Emma Wesley, Paula Lago, Stephane Nancey, María Dolores Martín Arranz, Pieter Hindryckx, Ambrogio Orlando, Andrea Geccherle, Maria Laura Annunziata, Bu'hussain Hayee, Jozef Balaz, Francisco Portela, Cyrielle Gilletta, Torsten Kucharzik, Miguel Mínguez, Javier Pérez Gisbert, Ana Gutiérrez Casbas, Edouard Louis, Marco Marino, Gareth Parkes, Fraser Cummings, Bindia Jharap, Jens Kjeldsen, Luís Correia, Paula Ministro, Matthias Ebert, Erik Hertervig, Dirk Staessen, Joris Dutré, Arnaud Colard, Graham Morrison, Henning Glerup, Jens Frederik Dahlerup, Frank Wolfhagen, Marian Batovsky, Martin Molnar, Barbora Kadleckova, Paulo Caldeira, David Laharie, Xavier Hebuterne, Bruno Bonaz, Matthieu Allez, Andreas Fischer, Joaquín Ernesto Hinojosa Del Val, Miriam Mañosa Ciria, Jose Manuel Herrera Justiniano, Charlotte Soderman, Rajiv Chandy, Craig Mowat, Peter Irving, Jan Fallingborg, Jan Matous, Tomas Douda, Romain Altwegg, Jose Manuel Benitez, María Teresa Arroyo Villarino, Jordi Guardiola Capón, Daniel Ginard Vicenc, Pieter Dewint, Sven Almer, Sebastien Kindt
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2022)