tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patterns of piRNA Regulation in <i>Drosophila</i> Revealed through Transposable Element Clade Inference
Authors: Iskander Said, Michael P McGurk, Andrew G Clark, Daniel A Barbash
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Transposable elements (TEs) are self-replicating "genetic parasites" ubiquitous to eukaryotic genomes. In addition to conflict between TEs and their host genomes, TEs of the same family are in competition with each other. They compete for the same genomic niches while experiencing the same regime of copy-number selection. This suggests that competition among TEs may favor the emergence of new variants that can outcompete their ancestral forms. To investigate the sequence evolution of TEs, we developed a method to infer clades: collections of TEs that share SNP variants and represent distinct TE family lineages. We applied this method to a panel of 85 Drosophila melanogaster genomes and found that the genetic variation of several TE families shows significant population structure that arises from the population-specific expansions of single clades. We used population genetic theory to classify these clades into younger versus older clades and found that younger clades are associated with a greater abundance of sense and antisense piRNAs per copy than older ones. Further, we find that the abundance of younger, but not older clades, is positively correlated with antisense piRNA production, suggesting a general pattern where hosts preferentially produce antisense piRNAs from recently active TE variants. Together these findings suggest a pattern whereby new TE variants arise by mutation and then increase in copy number, followed by the host producing antisense piRNAs that may be used to silence these emerging variants.
Do We Have Enough Evidence to Propose a Preferred Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Sequence for Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer?—Reply
Authors: Emmanouil Fokas, Claus Rödel
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Materialized Oppression in Medical Tools and Technologies
Authors: Shen-yi Liao, Vanessa Carbonell
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

It is well-known that racism is encoded into the social practices and institutions of medicine. Less well-known is that racism is encoded into the material artifacts of medicine. We argue that many medical devices are not merely biased, but materialize oppression. An oppressive device exhibits a harmful bias that reflects and perpetuates unjust power relations. Using pulse oximeters and spirometers as case studies, we show how medical devices can materialize oppression along various axes of social difference, including race, gender, class, and ability. Our account uses political philosophy and cognitive science to give a theoretical basis for understanding materialized oppression, explaining how artifacts encode and carry oppressive ideas from the past to the present and future. Oppressive medical devices present a moral aggregation problem. To remedy this problem, we suggest redundantly layered solutions that are coordinated to disrupt reciprocal causal connections between the attitudes, practices, and artifacts of oppressive systems.
Targeting key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation for cancer therapy: Current strategies and future prospective
Authors: Haixiang Pei, Weikai Guo, Yangrui Peng, Hai Xiong, Yihua Chen
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2022)

The key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation play convergent roles in cellular homeostasis, and their dysfunction mediates aberrant gene expressions that underline the hallmarks of tumorigenesis. As tumor progression is dependent on such abnormal regulation of transcription, it is important to discover novel chemical entities as antitumor drugs that target key tumor-associated proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. Despite most key proteins (especially transcription factors) involved in transcriptional regulation are historically recognized as undruggable targets, multiple targeting approaches at diverse levels of transcriptional regulation, such as epigenetic intervention, inhibition of DNA-binding of transcriptional factors, and inhibition of the protein-protein interactions (PPIs), have been established in preclinically or clinically studies. In addition, several new approaches have recently been described, such as targeting proteasomal degradation and eliciting synthetic lethality. This review will emphasize on accentuating these developing therapeutic approaches and provide a thorough conspectus of the drug development to target key proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and their impact on future oncotherapy.
PREDICTING LEFT MAIN STENOSIS IN CHRONIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: IS IT FEASIBLE WITH TRADITIONAL OR MACHINE LEARNING MODELS?
Authors: Lucas Colombo Godoy, Michael E. Farkouh, Feng Qiu, Peter Austin, Baiju R. Shah, Maneesh Sud, Harindra Wijeysundera, G.B. John Mancini, Dennis T. Ko
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
A RARE CASE OF CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS FOLLOWING COVID-19 EXPOSURE AND VACCINATION
Authors: Osman K. Yousafzai, Anoshia Raza, Muhammad Omer Zaman, David Joseph Silber, Bindu Balani, Steven M. Hollenberg, Kumar Satya, Kanika P. Mody, Omar Serajul Hasan, Elie M. Elmann, Lucy M. Safi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
HETEROGENICITY OF DIABETES AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: AGE &amp; SEX IMPACT
Authors: Ygal Plakht, Arthur Shiyovich, Yuval Elkis Hirsch, Muhammad Abu Tailakh, Idit F. Liberty, Harel Gilutz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Abstract DEB2-2: Con - One Week of Whole Breast RT is the New Standard of Care
Authors: J White
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract The dual role of breast irradiation post lumpectomy for conservative treatment is to yield local cancer control comparable to that achieved with mastectomy while maintaining a sensate and cosmetically acceptable breast. Through application of a linear quadratic equation that characterizes the radiobiological relationship of total dose and dose per fraction to predict efficacy as well as tissue specific toxicity, breast radiation that is equally effective can be delivered with fewer treatments. This has allowed standard post lumpectomy breast radiation to be reduced to 15 -16 treatments from 25-28 with similar efficacy and toxicity confirmed in multiple clinical trials. The recent Fast Forward trial (Lancet 2020; 395: 1613-26) has now further advanced the application of this radiobiological model evaluating breast irradiation delivered in 5 treatments. This resulted in non-inferior recurrence events compared to 15-treatment breast irradiation. When using fewer treatments of larger radiation dose, small changes can result in significant toxicity effects. For example, with 1 Gy difference between 26 Gy and 27 Gy total dose treatment arms on the Fast Forward trial, significantly higher rates of breast adverse outcomes were seen. Additional experience with the 5-fraction breast irradiation is needed prior to its replacing the current 15-16 treatment standard. Citation Format: J White. Con - One Week of Whole Breast RT is the New Standard of Care [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr DEB2-2.
YIA22-002: A Common Polymorphism in 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Promotes Resistance to Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Shinjini Ganguly, Zaeem Lone, Andrew Muskara, Anna Kondratova, Anthony Ghanem, Yoon-Mi Chung, Aimalie Hardaway, Monaben Patel, Elai Davicioni, Shilpa Gupta, Jay Ciezki, Jorge Garcia, Kevin Stephans, Rahul Tendulkar, Eric Klien, Nima Sharifi, Omar Y. Mian
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)
CAROTID ARTERY STENOSIS IN PEOPLE WITH HIV
Authors: Karla L. Inestroza, Vanessa Hurtado, Michaela E. Larson, Bertrand F. Ebner, Jelani Kayode Grant, Louis Vincent, Maria Alcaide, Barry Hurwitz, Catherine Boulanger, Alexis Powell, Dushyantha Jayaweera, Claudia A. Martinez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Antibody Use during an Outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2020
Authors: Sabue Mulangu, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Olivier T Mbaya
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

These findings indicate that from August 2020 through September 2021, approximately 7% of lung transplantations nationally were performed in patients with respiratory failure due to Covid-19 (Table S3).Because the 3-month survival among these patients approached that among patients who underwent lung transplantation for reasons other than Covid-19, we believe that lung transplantation may be an acceptable treatment for selected patients with irreversible respiratory failure due to
Effect of Medical Marijuana Card Ownership on Pain, Insomnia, and Affective Disorder Symptoms in Adults
Authors: Jodi M. Gilman, Randi M. Schuster, Kevin W. Potter, William Schmitt, Grace Wheeler, Gladys N. Pachas, Sarah Hickey, Megan E. Cooke, Alyson Dechert, Rachel Plummer, Brenden Tervo-Clemmens, David A. Schoenfeld, A. Eden Evins
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Despite the legalization and widespread use of cannabis products for a variety of medical concerns in the US, there is not yet a strong clinical literature to support such use. The risks and benefits of obtaining a medical marijuana card for common clinical outcomes are largely unknown.
Wireless electrical stimulation at the nanoscale interface induces tumor vascular normalization
Authors: Changhao Li, Cairong Xiao, Lizhen Zhan, Zhekun Zhang, Jun Xing, Jinxia Zhai, Zhengnan Zhou, Guoxin Tan, Jinhua Piao, Yahong Zhou, Suijian Qi, Zhengao Wang, Peng Yu, Chengyun Ning
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Pathological angiogenesis frequently occurs in tumor tissue, limiting the efficiency of chemotherapeutic drug delivery and accelerating tumor progression. However, traditional vascular normalization strategies are not fully effective and limited by the development of resistance. Herein, inspired by the intervention of endogenous bioelectricity in vessel formation, we propose a wireless electrical stimulation therapeutic strategy, capable of breaking bioelectric homeostasis within cells, to achieve tumor vascular normalization. Polarized barium titanate nanoparticles with high mechano-electrical conversion performance were developed, which could generate pulsed open-circuit voltage under low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. We demonstrated that wireless electrical stimulation significantly inhibited endothelial cell migration and differentiation in vitro. Interestingly, we found that the angiogenesis-related eNOS/NO pathway was inhibited, which could be attributed to the destruction of the intracellular calcium ion gradient by wireless electrical stimulation. In vivo tumor-bearing mouse model indicated that wireless electrical stimulation normalized tumor vasculature by optimizing vascular structure, enhancing blood perfusion, reducing vascular leakage, and restoring local oxygenation. Ultimately, the anti-tumor efficacy of combination treatment was 1.8 times that of the single chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin group. This work provides a wireless electrical stimulation strategy based on the mechano-electrical conversion performance of piezoelectric nanoparticles, which is expected to achieve safe and effective clinical adjuvant treatment of malignant tumors.
A CASE OF FULMINANT MYOCARDITIS AND BIVENTRICULAR THROMBUS AFTER COVID-19 MRNA VACCINATION
Authors: Shunichi Doi, Hayato Wakabayashi, Yukio Sato, Norio Suzuki, Shingo Kuwata, Masaki Izumo, Yuki Ishibashi, Yasuhiro Tanabe, Yoshihiro John Akashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
A randomized controlled pilot study of autoinoculation versus 35% trichloroacetic acid for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum
Authors: Dilip Kachhawa, Paras Choudhary, Shweta Saraswat, Aanand Lamoria, Yogi Raj Joshi, Chinmai Yadav
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Sergio Huerta
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alternative to prophylactic antibiotics for the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: multicentre, open label, randomised, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Chris Harding, Helen Mossop, Tara Homer, Thomas Chadwick, William King, Sonya Carnell, Jan Lecouturier, Alaa Abouhajar, Luke Vale, Gillian Watson, Rebecca Forbes, Stephanie Currer, Robert Pickard, Ian Eardley, Ian Pearce, Nikesh Thiruchelvam, Karen Guerrero, Katherine Walton, Zahid Hussain, Henry Lazarowicz, Ased Ali
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Abstract Objective To test and compare the efficacy of methenamine hippurate for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections with the current standard prophylaxis of daily low dose antibiotics. Design Multicentre, open label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Setting Eight centres in the UK, recruiting from June 2016 to June 2018. Participants Women aged ≥18 years with recurrent urinary tract infections, requiring prophylactic treatment. Interventions Random assignment (1:1, using permuted blocks of variable length via a web based system) to receive antibiotic prophylaxis or methenamine hippurate for 12 months. Treatment allocation was not masked and crossover between arms was allowed. Main outcome measure Absolute difference in incidence of symptomatic, antibiotic treated, urinary tract infections during treatment. A patient and public involvement group predefined the non-inferiority margin as one episode of urinary tract infection per person year. Analyses performed in a modified intention-to-treat population comprised all participants observed for at least six months. Results Participants were randomly assigned to antibiotic prophylaxis (n=120) or methenamine hippurate (n=120). The modified intention-to-treat analysis comprised 205 (85%) participants (antibiotics, n=102 (85%); methenamine hippurate, n=103 (86%)). Incidence of antibiotic treated urinary tract infections during the 12 month treatment period was 0.89 episodes per person year (95% confidence interval 0.65 to 1.12) in the antibiotics group and 1.38 (1.05 to 1.72) in the methenamine hippurate group, with an absolute difference of 0.49 (90% confidence interval 0.15 to 0.84) confirming non-inferiority. Adverse reactions were reported by 34/142 (24%) in the antibiotic group and 35/127 (28%) in the methenamine group and most reactions were mild. Conclusion Non-antibiotic prophylactic treatment with methenamine hippurate might be appropriate for women with a history of recurrent episodes of urinary tract infections, informed by patient preferences and antibiotic stewardship initiatives, given the demonstration of non-inferiority to daily antibiotic prophylaxis seen in this trial. Trial registration ISRCTN70219762 .
PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS OF BASELINE LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Jurrien Kuneman, Steele C. Butcher, Jan Stassen, Gurpreet Singh, Kensuke Hirasawa, Frank van der Kley, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Juhani M. Knuuti, Philippe Pibarot, Victoria Delgado, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
HEALTHY OUTCOMES FOR ALL PREGNANCY EXPERIENCES - CARDIOVASCULAR-RISK ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGY (HOPE-CAT): PREDICTING CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN PREGNANCY THROUGH MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Kelley M. Anderson, Noor Falah, Ramon Dempers, Bethany Talmadge, Justin Hughes, Roxanne Mirabal-Beltran, Samantha Gibson, Steven Eisenberg, Nawar Shara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Successful resection of a 22-cm subcircumferential rectal lesion treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection with a mucosal-anchor-assisted multiple-tunnel method
Authors: Hideyuki Chiba, Hiroki Kuwabara, Keiji Yamada, Naoya Okada, Jun Arimoto, Michiko Nakaoka
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become widespread since the development of devices and traction or tunnel methods, but ESD for large lesions remains challenging. In particular, when ESD using the tunnel method is used on huge lesions, if the mucosa and submucosa remaining after tunnel creation are dissected, the dissected parts will accumulate on the oral side. This makes the final dissection difficult because the advantage of gravity is lost. We report a case of ESD of a large lesion using a modified tunnel method with a mucosal anchor.
NOAC USE IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE FOR PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND REDUCED RENAL FUNCTION: RESULTS FROM COMBINE-AF
Authors: Josephine Harrington, Anthony Carnicelli, Kaiyuan Hua, Hwanhee Hong, Renato D. Lopes, Manesh R. Patel, Robert P. Giugliano, Lars Wallentin, Christopher B. Granger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VASCULAR INFLAMMATION BY PERICORONARY ADIPOSETISSUE ATTENUATION FROM CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY AND MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW USING POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Keiichiro Kuronuma, Pepijn Van Diemen, Donghee Han, Andrew Lin, Priscilla McElhinney, Guadalupe Flores Tomasino, Caroline Park, Yuka Otaki, Alan Kwan, Evangelos Tzolos, Eyal Klein, Kajetan Grodecki, Benjamin Shou, Richard Rios, Nipun Manral, Sebastien Cadet, Ibrahim Danad, Roel Driessen, Daniel S. Berman, Piotr Slomka, Damini Dey, Paul Knaapen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant: Immune escape and vaccine development
Authors: Danyi Ao, Tianxia Lan, Xuemei He, Jian Liu, Li Chen, Daniel T. Baptista‐Hon, Kang Zhang, Xiawei Wei
Journal: MedComm (2022)

Abstract New genetic variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) constantly emerge through unmitigated spread of the virus in the ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Omicron (B.1.1.529), the latest variant of concern (VOC), has so far shown exceptional spread and infectivity and has established itself as the dominant variant in recent months. The SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein is a key component for the recognition and binding to host cell angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptors. The Omicron variant harbors a cluster of substitutions/deletions/insertions, and more than 30 mutations are located in spike. Some noticeable mutations, including K417N, T478K, N501Y, and P681H, are shared with the previous VOCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta variants and have been proven to be associated with higher transmissibility, viral infectivity, and immune evasion potential. Studies have revealed that the Omicron variant is partially resistant to the neutralizing activity of therapeutic antibodies and convalescent sera, which poses significant challenges for the clinical effectiveness of the current vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. We provide a comprehensive analysis and summary of the epidemiology and immune escape mechanisms of the Omicron variant. We also suggest some therapeutic strategies against the Omicron variant. This review, therefore, aims to provide information for further research efforts to prevent and contain the impact of new VOCs during the ongoing pandemic.
Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie, Ronald van Vollenhoven, Thomas Dörner, Milan Petronijevic, Jorge Velasco, Maria Majdan, Fedra Irazoque-Palazuelos, Michael Weiswasser, Shimon Korish, Ying Ye, Allison Gaudy, Peter H. Schafer, Zhaohui Liu, Nataliya Agafonova, Nikolay Delev
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
DELAYED INTRINSICOID DEFLECTION: EMERGING ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC MARKER OF SUDDEN DEATH
Authors: Achilles V. Aiken, Harpriya S. Chugh, Kyndaron Reinier, Audrey T. Uy-Evanado, Kotoka Nakamura, Sumeet S. Chugh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)