tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of coronary artery calcium score in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Khurram Nasir, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Abstract First developed in 1990, the Agatston coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is an international guideline-endorsed decision aid for further risk assessment and personalized management in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This review discusses key international studies that have informed this 30 year journey, from an initial coronary plaque screening paradigm to its current role informing personalized shared decision making. Special attention is paid to the prognostic value of a CAC score of zero (the so called “power of zero”), which, in a context of low estimated risk thresholds for the consideration of preventive therapy with statins in current guidelines, may be used to de-risk individuals and thereby inform the safe delay or avoidance of certain preventive therapies. We also evaluate current recommendations for CAC scoring in clinical practice guidelines around the world, and past and prevailing barriers for its use in routine patient care. Finally, we discuss emerging approaches in this field, with a focus on the potential role of CAC informing not only the personalized allocation of statins and aspirin in the general population, but also of other risk-reduction therapies in special populations, such as individuals with diabetes and people with severe hypercholesterolemia.
Влияние генетического полиморфизма на формирование неалкогольной жировой болезни печени
Authors: O.Ya. Babak, Ye.V. Kolesnikova, І.V. Shut, Ye.G. Кurinnaya, К.A. Sytnic
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

В статье представлены результаты, свидетельствующие о существовании предпосылок к формированию неалкогольной жировой болезни печени (НАЖБП) у пациентов с метаболическими нарушениями. Это обусловлено достоверной ассоциацией аллелей и генотипов полиморфного маркера гена адипонектина-1 (ADIPOR1) у пациентов с НАЖБП. Установлено, что SNP в промоторе гена ADIPOR1 ассоциирован у больных с НАЖБП с повышенным содержанием жира в печени, развитием инсулинорезистентности и более высокими уровнями гликозилированного гемоглобина и гамма-глутамилтранспептидазы. Знание особенностей генотипа больных с НАЖБП необходимо для выбора индивидуализированного алгоритма лечения.
ANTIBODY TITERS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION AND MYOCARDIAL SCAR IN CARDIAC MRI IN TREATED AND UNTREATED PATIENTS WITH CHAGAS DISEASE AT A US CLINIC
Authors: Salvador Hernandez, Colyn Forsyth, Anthony Koppula, Lourdes Martinez, Celena C. Guevara Gomez, Sheba Meymandi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Adherence to subcutaneous immunotherapy with aeroallergens in real‐life practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Osman Ozan Yeğit, Semra Demir, Derya Ünal, Müge Olgaç, Kadriye Terzioğlu, Deniz Eyice Karabacak, Can Tüzer, Vehbi Ayhan, Bahattin Çolakoğlu, Suna Büyüköztürk, Aslı Gelincik
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Abstract Background The success of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) mostly depends on regular injections. Our aim was to investigate adherence to SCIT with aeroallergens during the COVID‐19 pandemic and demonstrate clinical consequences of treatment disruptions in real life. Methods Visual analogue scale for quality of life (VAS‐QoL), VAS for symptom scores (VAS‐symptom), medication scores (MSs), and total symptom scores (TSS‐6) were recorded during the pandemic in 327 adult allergic rhinitis and/or asthmatic patients receiving maintenance SCIT, and these scores were compared with the pre‐pandemic data. Patients were grouped according to SCIT administration intervals; no delay (Group 1), &lt;2 months (Group 2), and ≥2‐month intervals (Group 3). Results A total of 104 (31.8%) patients (Group 3) were considered as nonadherent which was mostly related to receiving SCIT with HDMs and using public transportation for reaching the hospital. Median MS, VAS‐symptom, and TSS‐6 scores of Group 3 patients during the pandemic were higher than the pre‐pandemic scores ( p = 0.005, p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001, respectively), whereas median VAS‐QoL scores of Group 3 during the pandemic were lower than the pre‐pandemic scores ( p &lt; 0.001). Median TSS‐6 and VAS‐symptom scores were the highest in Group 3 compared with other groups ( p &lt; 0.001 for each comparison). Median VAS‐QoL scores were the lowest in Group 3 compared with Group 1 and Group 2 ( p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.043, respectively). Conclusion When precautions in allergy clinics are carefully applied, adherence to SCIT can be high during a pandemic. Patients must be encouraged to regularly adhere to SCIT injections since delays in SCIT administration can deteriorate clinical symptoms.
Molecular sensitization patterns in animal allergy: Relationship with clinical relevance and pet ownership
Authors: Wolfgang Hemmer, Gabriele Sestak‐Greinecker, Tobias Braunsteiner, Felix Wantke, Stefan Wöhrl
Journal: Allergy (2021)

In vitro diagnosis using single molecules is increasingly complementing conventional extract-based diagnosis. We explored in routine patients with animal allergy to what extent molecules can explain polysensitization and identify primary sensitizers and how individual IgE patterns correlate with previous pet ownership and clinical relevance.Serum samples from 294 children and adults with suspect allergic rhino-conjunctivitis or asthma and a positive skin prick test to cat, dog and/or horse were tested by ImmunoCAP for IgE antibodies against eleven different allergens from cat (Fel d 1,2,4,7), dog (Can f 1,2,3,4,5,6) and horse (Equ c 1).Patients monosensitized to cat (40.8%) or dog (6.1%) showed simple IgE patterns dominated by Fel d 1 (93%) and Can f 5 (67%), respectively. Double-sensitization to cat+dog (25.9%), cat+horse (5.4%) and polysensitization (20.7%) was associated with an increasing prevalence of the cross-reactive lipocalins Fel d 4/Can f 6/Equ c 1 and Fel d 7/Can f 1. While these lipocalins were not reliable markers for genuine sensitization per se, comparison of sIgE levels may give a clue on the primary sensitizer. Sensitizations to dog appeared to result from cross-reactivity with cat in 48%, with half of these sensitizations lacking clinical relevance. Individual sensitization patterns strongly mirrored current or previous pet ownership with the exception of Fel d 1 which regularly caused sensitization also in non-owners.Allergen components can reasonably illuminate the molecular basis of animal (poly)sensitization in the majority of patients and are helpful in distinguishing between primary sensitization and sometimes less relevant cross-reactivity.
FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION OPTIMIZATION DIRECTED BY HIGH-DEFINITION INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND VERSUS STANDARD OF CARE: THE FFR REACT TRIAL
Authors: Tara Neleman, Laurens J.C. van Zandvoort, Maria N. Tovar Forero, Kaneshka Masdjedi, Jurgen M.R. Ligthart, Karen T. Witberg, Mattie J. Lenzen, Eric Boersma, Wijnand den Dekker, Roberto Diletti, Jeroen Wilschut, Peter P.T. Jaegere, Felix Zijlstra, Nicolas M. D.A. Van Mieghem, Joost Daemen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
LEFT ATRIAL STRAIN IMAGING IN MITRAL STENOSIS PATIENTS AS A PREDICTOR OF LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGEAL THROMBOSIS
Authors: Aditya Verma, Saroj Mandal, Sankar C. Mandal, Sidhnath Singh, Suvendu Chattopadhyay, Apurba B. Pramanick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Prognostic relevance of remission and measurable residual disease status in AML patients prior to reduced intensity or non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Madlen Jentzsch, Juliane Grimm, Marius Bill, Dominic Brauer, Donata Backhaus, Julia Schulz, Karoline Goldmann, Dietger Niederwieser, Uwe Platzbecker, Sebastian Schwind
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2021)

Dear Editor,Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) presents highly heterogeneous, calling for individualized treatment approaches.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the consolidation treatment with the highest chance of sustained remission for most AML patients 1 .In patients refractory to induction therapy or suffering early relapse, allogeneic HSCT may be performed as a salvage therapy despite the detection of active disease 2 .At AML diagnosis the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2017 risk stratification identifies three prognostically relevant groups, also in patients receiving allogeneic HSCT for consolidation 1,3 .Measurable residual disease (MRD) evaluation at various time points during the disease course, including prior to HSCT, has been shown to provide valuable additional risk stratification in AML patients independently of the applied MRD marker and method [4][5][6][7][8][9] .Importantly, in an AML cohort receiving allogeneic HSCT, one study showed that outcomes of MRD-positive (MRD pos ) patients were similarly dismal as in patients transplanted with morphologic active disease 10 .However, the median age in this analysis was 50 years, and all patients received myeloablative (MAC) conditioning, leaving open questions regarding individuals not eligible for intensive conditioning therapies.Here, reduced intensity (RIC) or non-myeloablative (NMA) conditioning is
A MACHINE LEARNING CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT TOOL FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Emily Pellegrini, Saarang Panchavati, Carson Lam, Anurag Garikipati, Nicole Zelin, Gina Barnes, Anna Siefkas, Jana Hoffman, Megan Handley, Jacob Calvert, Qingqing Mao, Ritankar Das
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Sahith Reddy Thotamgari, Mackram Eleid, Vuyisile Nkomo, Sorin Pislaru, Jae Oh, Garvan Kane, Charanjit Rihal, Kevin Greason, Jeremy Thaden
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
MODERATE TO SEVERE MITRAL REGURGITATION IN THE FETUS AND PREDICTORS OF PRE AND POST-NATAL OUTCOMES, A FETAL HEART SOCIETY COLLABORATIVE STUDY
Authors: Betul Yilmaz Furtun, Kavitha Pundi, Anita Moon-Grady, Nicole Cresalia, Asela Nieuwsma, Sarah Gelehrter, Bhawna Arya, Mary T. Donofrio, Christopher Statile, Ann Kavanaugh-McHugh, Lindsay Freud, Elijah Bolin, Megan Warner, Sowmya Balasubramanian, James Strainic, Carol Wittlieb-Weber, Nelangi Pinto, Shaine A. Morris
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
DON’T IGNORE THE SIGNS: SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF POSTEROMEDIAL PAPILLARY MUSCLE IN A POSTPARTUM PATIENT WITH UNDIAGNOSED VASCULAR EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME
Authors: Nicole Lao, Hanad Bashir, Gauranga Mahalwar, Shubham Adroja, Kamalesh Karthikeyan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
PRIMARY REPAIR FOR SYMPTOMATIC NEONATES WITH TETRALOGY OF FALLOT IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED 18-MONTH COSTS COMPARED TO STAGED REPAIR:RESULTS OF AN ANALYSIS LINKING DATA FROM THE CONGENITAL CARDIAC RESEARCH COLLABORATIVE INFANT TETRALOGY OF FALLOT STUDY AND PEDIATRIC HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS DATABASE
Authors: Michael L. O’Byrne, Andrew Glatz, Yuan-shung Huang, Michael S. Kelleman, Christopher Petit, Athar Qureshi, Shabana Shahanavaz, George Nicholson, Sarosh Batlivala, Jeffery Meadows, Jeffrey Zampi, Mark Law, Jennifer Romano, Christopher Mascio, Paul Chai, Shiraz Maskatia, Ivor Astzalos, Asaad Beshish, Joelle Pettus, Amy L. Pajk, Steven Healan, Lindsay Eilers, Taylor Merritt, Courtney McCracken, Bryan Goldstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
90-DAY EPISODIC COSTS OF HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION (HFREF) PATIENTS RECEIVING SACUBITRIL/VALSARTAN COMPARED TO OTHER TREATMENT WITHIN THE MEDICARE BUNDLED PAYMENT FOR CARE INITIATIVE (BPCI) MODEL 2, 2016-2018
Authors: Xian Shen, Gabriel Sullivan, Mark Adelsberg, Martins Francis, Taylor Schwartz, Allison Petrilla, Cheryl Abbas, Joaquim Cristino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID (EPA) INCREASES HEME OXYGENASE-1 EXPRESSION IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS UNDER CONDITIONS OF INFLAMMATION UNLIKE DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA)
Authors: R. Preston Mason, Samuel C.R. Sherratt, Hazem Dawoud, Tadeusz Malinski, Deepak Bhatt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
History of Haitian Medicine.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

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COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and antithrombotic agents—lessons after 1 year
Authors: Jenneke Leentjens, Thijs F van Haaps, Pieter F Wessels, Roger E G Schutgens, Saskia Middeldorp
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2021)

COVID-19 is associated with a high incidence of thrombotic complications, which can be explained by the complex and unique interplay between coronaviruses and endothelial cells, the local and systemic inflammatory response, and the coagulation system. Empirically, an intensified dose of thrombosis prophylaxis is being used in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 and several guidelines on this topic have been published, although the insufficiency of high quality and direct evidence has led to weak recommendations. In this Viewpoint we summarise the pathophysiology of COVID-19 coagulopathy in the context of patients who are ambulant, admitted to hospital, and critically ill or non-critically ill, and those post-discharge from hospital. We also review data from randomised controlled trials in the past year of antithrombotic therapy in patients who are critically ill. These data provide the first high-quality evidence on optimal use of antithrombotic therapy in patients with COVID-19. Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis is not routinely recommended for patients who are ambulant and post-discharge. A first ever trial in non-critically ill patients who were admitted to hospital has shown that a therapeutic dose of low-molecular-weight heparin might improve clinical outcomes in this population. In critically ill patients, this same treatment does not improve outcomes and prophylactic dose anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis is recommended. In the upcoming months we expect numerous data from the ongoing antithrombotic COVID-19 studies to guide clinicians at different stages of the disease.
A blood-based diagnostic test incorporating plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, ApoE proteotype, and age accurately identifies brain amyloid status: findings from a multi cohort validity analysis
Authors: Tim West, Kristopher M. Kirmess, Matthew R. Meyer, Mary S. Holubasch, Stephanie S. Knapik, Yan Hu, John H. Contois, Erin N. Jackson, Scott E. Harpstrite, Randall J. Bateman, David M. Holtzman, Philip B. Verghese, Ilana Fogelman, Joel B. Braunstein, Kevin E. Yarasheski
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2021)

Abstract Background The development of blood-based biomarker tests that are accurate and robust for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology have the potential to aid clinical diagnosis and facilitate enrollment in AD drug trials. We developed a high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS)-based test that quantifies plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 concentrations and identifies the ApoE proteotype. We evaluated robustness, clinical performance, and commercial viability of this MS biomarker assay for distinguishing brain amyloid status. Methods We used the novel MS assay to analyze 414 plasma samples that were collected, processed, and stored using site-specific protocols, from six independent US cohorts. We used receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses to assess assay performance and accuracy for predicting amyloid status (positive, negative, and standard uptake value ratio; SUVR). After plasma analysis, sites shared brain amyloid status, defined using diverse, site-specific methods and cutoff values; amyloid PET imaging using various tracers or CSF Aβ42/40 ratio. Results Plasma Aβ42/40 ratio was significantly ( p &lt; 0.001) lower in the amyloid positive vs. negative participants in each cohort. The area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) was 0.81 (95% CI = 0.77–0.85) and the percent agreement between plasma Aβ42/40 and amyloid positivity was 75% at the optimal (Youden index) cutoff value. The AUC-ROC (0.86; 95% CI = 0.82–0.90) and accuracy (81%) for the plasma Aβ42/40 ratio improved after controlling for cohort heterogeneity. The AUC-ROC (0.90; 95% CI = 0.87–0.93) and accuracy (86%) improved further when Aβ42/40, ApoE4 copy number and participant age were included in the model. Conclusions This mass spectrometry-based plasma biomarker test: has strong diagnostic performance; can accurately distinguish brain amyloid positive from amyloid negative individuals; may aid in the diagnostic evaluation process for Alzheimer’s disease; and may enhance the efficiency of enrolling participants into Alzheimer’s disease drug trials.
Decoding the matrix: multiomics reveals host-microbe biomarker for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Monica Viladomiu, Randy S. Longman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine associated with genetic susceptibility and alterations in the intestinal microbiome. Multiomics data developed and analyzed over the last several decades have yielded an unprecedented amount of genetic and microbial data. But how do we pinpoint mechanistic insight into the host-microbe relationship that will ultimately enable better care for patients with IBD? In this issue of the JCI, Grasberger et al. undertook a major decoding effort to decipher this multiomic data matrix. The authors analyzed anonymized data from more than 2800 individuals to discover a link between heterozygous carriers of deleterious DUOX2 variants and high levels of plasma IL-17C. These findings provide an example of how harnessing big data can drive mechanistic discovery to define disease biomarkers that have the potential to improve clinical care in IBD.
PHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ANOMALOUS AORTIC ORIGIN OF CORONARY ARTERIES AND MYOCARDIAL BRIDGES
Authors: Joanna Ghobrial, Laurie Ann Moennich, Rukmini Komarlu, Tara Karamlou, Alistair Phillips, Munir Ahmad, Shinya Unai, Robert Stewart, Eugene Blackstone, Hani Najm, Gosta Pettersson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
How to make Mandela smile: being methodical, motivated and meaningful
Authors: Jon Patricios, Siyabonga Kunene
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

Sport can create hope where once there was only despair.It is more powerful than governments in breaking down racial barriers.It laughs in the face of all types of discrimination 1These telling words of Nelson Mandela allude to the ubiquitous and global phenomenon of discrimination, the prevalent societal despair we have all witnessed in the recent past, and the hope we all wish to foster.They also remind us of the honour of being involved in the world of sport and exercise medicine (SEM).The themes of this South Africanguided edition of BJSM intentionally draw on current and critical issues aligned with Mandela's words, and continues the South African Sports Medicine Association's commitment to accomplishing strength through diversity.We feature papers highlighting marginalised communities in SEM, while other high-calibre articles cover the topics of methodology, concussion and COVID-19.We align with the BJSM editorial team's commitment to creating awareness of issues around equity, diversity and inclusion and we aim to leave clinicians with some clear guidance, clarity and motivation.
Abstract 12595: Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation an Alternative to Center-based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hafiz M Imran, Muhammad Baig, Nishant R Shah, Sebhat Erqou, Wen-Chih H Wu
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with cardiac patients. Hybrid cardiac rehabilitation (CR) can be an alternative to increase a...
HEMOLYSIS IN PATIENTS IN CARDIOGENIC SHOCK ON VA-ECMO. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Pedro Torres, Baher Al Abbasi, Pradeep Dayanand, Edwin Grajeda Silvestri, Riya Job, Mohamed Abdul Qader, Karla Avila, Jesus Pino, Waqas Ghumman, Robert Chait, Sajid Mirza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
CaMKII activation persistently segregates postsynaptic proteins via liquid phase separation
Authors: Tomohisa Hosokawa, Pin-Wu Liu, Qixu Cai, Joana S. Ferreira, Florian Levet, Corey Butler, Jean-Baptiste Sibarita, Daniel Choquet, Laurent Groc, Eric Hosy, Mingjie Zhang, Yasunori Hayashi
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2021)
The AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes trigger IL-1–mediated antitumor effects during radiation
Authors: Chuanhui Han, Victoria Godfrey, Zhida Liu, Yanfei Han, Longchao Liu, Hua Peng, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Hasan Zaki, Yang-Xin Fu
Journal: Science Immunology (2021)

Radiation activates AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes to enhance IL-1 signaling on DCs, leading to antitumor immunity.
New Approaches to Anticipate the Risk of Reverse Zoonosis
Authors: Peng Jia, Shaoqing Dai, Tong Wu, Shujuan Yang
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2021)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can cause reverse zoonoses (i.e., human-animal transmission of COVID-19). It is vital to utilize up-to-date methods to improve the control, management, and prevention of reverse zoonoses. Awareness of reverse zoonoses should be raised at both individual and regional/national levels for better protection of both humans and animals.
LONG-TERM PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS OF AN ABNORMAL 12-LEAD ELECTROCARDIOGRAM DURING DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAM WITH NORMAL REST AND STRESS IMAGES
Authors: Ben Nordhues, Adelaide Arruda-Olson, Robert McCully, Ratnasari Padang, Patricia Pellikka, Garvan Kane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)