tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Programmed Death 1 Expression in Cancer Patients Using 124I-Labeled Toripalimab
Authors: Shujing Wang, Hua Zhu, Jin Ding, Feng Wang, Xiangxi Meng, Lixin Ding, Yan Zhang, Nan Li, Sheng Yao, Xinan Sheng, Zhi Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Although anti-programmed cell death molecule-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand therapy has achieved remarkable success in oncology field, the low response rate and lack of accurate prognostic biomarker identifying benefiting patients remain unresolved challenges. This study developed a PD-1 targeting radiotracer 124I-labeled toripalimab (124I-JS001) for clinical PET imaging and evaluated its biodistribution, safety, and dosimetry in human.Patients with melanoma or urologic cancer confirmed by pathology were enrolled. 124I-JS001 PET/CT and PET/MR were performed with or without coinjection of 5 mg unlabeled JS001, and 18F-FDG PET was undertaken within 1 week.Eight melanoma and 3 urologic cancer patients were enrolled. No adverse events were noticed during the whole examination after the injection of 124I-JS001 and an acceptable dosimetry of 0.236 mSv/MBq was found. 124I-JS001 PET/CT showed high uptake in spleen and liver and slight uptake in bone marrow and lung. All primary and metastatic tumor lesions in 11 patients demonstrated different levels of uptake of 124I-JS001 with SUVmax ranging from 0.2 to 4.7. With coinjection of unlabeled JS001, the uptake in spleen was reduced significantly (P < 0.05), whereas tumor uptake and tumor background ratio increased significantly (P < 0.05). Four patients undertook regional 124I-JS001 PET/MR. All tumor lesions were detected effectively with abnormal MR signal on PET/MR, whereas PET/MR detected liver lesions more sensitively than PET/CT.The first-in-human study demonstrated 124I-JS001 was a safe tracer for PET with acceptable dosimetry, and the PET/CT results showed a favorable biodistribution. PET/MR could detect liver lesions more sensitively than PET/CT.
Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in combination with chemotherapy for patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Chao Cheng, Weixiong Yang, Wenfang Chen, Sai-Ching Jim Yeung, Xiangbin Xing, Xiaoyan Wang, Yong Bao, Shiting Feng, Fang Peng, Zhenguo Liu, Bo Zeng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

220 Background: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade may induce tumor regression in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but little is known about the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in neoadjuvant therapy of resectable ESCC. Methods: Under an approved clinical trial protocol, a pilot study was conducted by enrolling patients with untreated, resectable (stage II or IIIA) ESCC. After written informed consent, each patient received two 21-day cycles of neoadjuvant treatment with camrelizumab (200mg), albumin-paclitaxel (260mg/m 2 ) and carboplatin (area under the curve = 5) followed by surgical resection about 6 weeks after the first dose. The primary end points were safety and feasibility. We also reported the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and tumor pathological response. Results: Between January 19, 2020, and July 21, 2020, we assessed 35 patients for screening, of whom 20 patients were enrolled. Neoadjuvant combination of camrelizumab, carboplatin and albumin-paclitaxel had an acceptable side-effect profile, and was not associated with delays in surgery. The ORR was 85%, and the DCR was 100%. Eighteen (90%) patients were taken into the surgery, and all of them successfully underwent R0 resection. Five (5/18 = 27.8%) patients had a pathological complete response (pCR), and eight (44.4%) patients had major pathological responses (MPR).The most common treatment-related grade 1–2 adverse events were leukopenia (12, 60%), neutropenia (11, 55%) and nausea (8, 40%). Two (10%) patients suffered grade 3 neutropenia. There was no grade 4 adverse events and treatment-related deaths. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus carboplatin and albumin-paclitaxel had manageable treatment-related toxic effects, did not delay surgery. This regimen induced pCR or MPR in 72.2% of resected tumor, demonstrating its antitumor efficacy in resectable ESCC. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2000028900.
Nonintervention Is Not Noninferior to Oral Ibuprofen for Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Abdul Razak
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

To the Editor This Letter highlights the flaws of a recent randomized clinical trial by Sung et al1 that concluded that nonintervention is noninferior to oral ibuprofen for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment in reducing death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants.
Genomic Testing in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Pragmatic Guide for Clinicians
Authors: Axel S. Merseburger, Nick Waldron, Maria J. Ribal, Axel Heidenreich, Sven Perner, Karim Fizazi, Cora N. Sternberg, Joaquin Mateo, Manfred P. Wirth, Elena Castro, David Olmos, Daniel P. Petrylak, Simon Chowdhury
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Hospital Revenue Under Maryland’s Total Cost of Care Model During the COVID-19 Pandemic, March-July 2020
Authors: Joseph F. Levy, Benedic N. Ippolito, Amit Jain
Journal: JAMA (2021)

This study compares revenue of Maryland hospitals in March-July 2020 vs historical trends and assesses whether rate increases for inpatient and outpatient services that were permitted to offset pandemic-related decines in revenues were associated with changes to state hospital revenue.
BMA calls for urgent review of online exam for medical students
Authors: Nikki Nabavi
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Leaders of the BMA’s students committee have called for an urgent review of how an online exam for final year medical students was run, after complaints that some tests were prematurely terminated unfairly for reasons such as using a blank notepad or going to the toilet.

The situational judgment test is a compulsory exam for entry to the UK Foundation Programme and is designed to test the attributes needed to work as a foundation doctor. It is run by the UK Foundation Programme Office (UKFPO), which this year commissioned a US testing company, Pearson VUE, to coordinate the test.

Students were told that they could sit the exam at Pearson VUE testing centres or virtually from home, with online proctoring. However, many students were unable to get a slot at a testing …
Expanding Implementation Research to Prevent Chronic Diseases in Community Settings
Authors: Stephanie Mazzucca, Elva M. Arredondo, Deanna M. Hoelscher, Debra Haire-Joshu, Rachel G. Tabak, Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Ross C. Brownson
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2021)

Chronic disease prevention continues to be inadequate, overall and in achieving health equity, in spite of the many evidence-based practices and policies (EBPPs) available to address risk behaviors such as unhealthful eating, lack of physical activity, and tobacco use. Although clinical settings are needed for EBPPs that involve medical procedures such as immunization or early detection, dissemination of EBPPs can be effective in a variety of settings such as schools and childcare centers, worksites, social service organizations, and religious organizations. More implementation research is needed to meet challenges of effective application of EBPPs in such community settings, in which primary missions, capacity, cultures, and values do not focus on health services delivery. To address health equity, consideration of social and economic contexts of people reached in these settings is essential. This review presents lessons learned from past studies to guide future implementation research and practice across diverse settings and geographies.
A phase III, double-blind, randomized study of nivolumab (NIVO) and ipilimumab (IPI), nivo monotherapy or placebo plus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Authors: Bruno Sangro, James J. Harding, Matthew Johnson, Daniel H. Palmer, Julien Edeline, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa, Ann-Lii Cheng, Thomas Decaens, Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, Richard S. Finn, Peter R. Galle, Joong-Won Park, Thomas Yau, Damir Begic, Yun Shen, Jaclyn Neely, Ashwin Reddy Sama, Masatoshi Kudo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

TPS349 Background: TACE is the most widely used locoregional therapy recommended for patients with intermediate-stage HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B). Despite the significant tumor responses that can be achieved with TACE, tumors commonly recur, progress, or are refractory. Clinical trials have explored the combination of TACE with tyrosine kinase inhibitors; however, these have not reported improved outcomes. HCC possesses a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment, which makes it an attractive target for immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, there is evidence that locoregional interventions induce changes in the immune environment that could promote synergy with checkpoint inhibitors. Preliminary data for the combination of TACE with nivolumab indicate an acceptable safety profile and promising efficacy (Harding et al. ASCO-GI 2020). NIVO monotherapy and NIVO+IPI combination therapy are both approved in the United States for patients with HCC previously treated with sorafenib. Together, these findings support investigation of TACE plus NIVO, IPI, or NIVO+IPI to address the therapeutic needs of patients with intermediate HCC. Methods: CheckMate 74W is a global, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-arm, randomized phase III trial. Patients with tumors that exceed the Beyond Milan and Up-to-7 criteria (7 being the sum of size [in centimeters] and number of tumors), eligible for TACE, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1 are eligible for enrollment. Patients must not have received prior locoregional therapies. Approximately 765 patients will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to NIVO+IPI+TACE (arm A), NIVO+IPI placebo+TACE (arm B), or NIVO placebo+IPI placebo+TACE (arm C). Primary endpoints are the time to TACE progression (TTTP), assessed by blinded independent central review, and overall survival in arm A versus arm C. Secondary endpoints are TTTP and overall survival in arm B versus arm C, event-free survival, and progression-free survival. Clinical trial registry: NCT04340193. Clinical trial information: NCT04340193.
Analysis of Ranitidine-Associated <i>N-</i>Nitrosodimethylamine Production Under Simulated Physiologic Conditions
Authors: Lior Z. Braunstein, Elizabeth D. Kantor, Kelli O’Connell, Amber Jessop Hudspeth, Qian Wu, Nicola Zenzola, David Y. Light
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a probable human carcinogen, was recently detected in ranitidine products,1 prompting widespread regulatory recalls.2 Ranitidine is a histamine2-receptor antagonist that inhibits gastric acid secretion and bears a molecular structure that putatively supports NDMA production under suitable reactive and storage conditions.3 We sought to further characterize conditions of NDMA production under simulated physiologic gastric states.
Family Media Use Planning With Teens—Is It Time for Shared Decision-making?
Authors: Emily Kroshus, Dimitri Christakis
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Gallbladder Uptake Mimicking Liver Metastasis on 177Lu-DOTATATE Posttherapy Scan Gallbladder Uptake on 177Lu-DOTATATE Scan
Authors: Mine Araz, Muhammet Halil Baltacioglu, Sezer Saglam, Mehmet Ali Ozguven, Nuriye Ozlem Kucuk
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

We represent the case of a 61-year-old man with atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung. On posttherapy 177Lu-DOTATATE whole-body scan, focal intense uptake in the inferomedial side of the liver was detected. Pretherapy 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed no sign of liver metastasis, and posttherapy diagnostic dynamic liver MRI is used to exclude metastatic liver disease. Focal intense uptake was attributed to physiological gallbladder uptake.
Abstract 14692: Exercise-Induced New Cardiomyocyte Formation in the Aged Mammalian Heart
Authors: Carolin Lerchenmüller, Ana Vujic, Sonja Mittag, Annie Wang, Charles Rabolli, Frank Gyngard, Christelle Guillermier, Matthew L Steinhauser, Anthony Rosenzweig, Richard T Lee
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Over 80% of patients affected by heart failure are over the age of 65. Loss of cardiomyocytes is a major cause of heart failure and the adult heart has only a very a limited capacity for the genera...
Abstract 10766: What is an Optimal Setting of Continuous-flow Left Ventricular Assist Device for Severe Mitral Regurgitation?
Authors: Noritsugu Naito, Takashi Nishimura, Satoru Kishimoto, Yoshiaki Takewa, Minoru Ono, Eisuke Tatsumi
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Excessive volume unloading of the left ventricle (LV) affects the right ventricular (RV) function by causing shift of the ventricular septum during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR). Optimal settings of LVAD that control MR without RV dysfunction are required. We developed a novel cardiac-cycle synchronized rotational speed (RS) modulation system for a continuous-flow LVAD and assessed the system in a goat model of MR. Methods: We implanted EVAHEART (Sun Medical Technology Research Corp.) through left thoracotomy in six adult goats weighing 66.4 ± 10.7 kg. After implantation of the device, severe MR was induced with inflation of a temporary inferior vena cava filter that was placed in the mitral valve. The severity of MR was defined by left ventriculography and echocardiography. We evaluated total flow (TF: the sum of aortic flow and pump flow), RV fractional area change (RVFAC) calculated by echocardiography, left atrial pressure (LAP), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and LV stroke work (LVSW) with a bypass rate (pump flow divided by TF) of 100% under four conditions: circuit-clamp, continuous mode, co-pulse mode (increase RS in systole) and counter-pulse mode (increase RS in diastole). Results: TF tended to be higher in counter-pulse mode (3.27 ± 1.09, 3.51 ± 2.14, 3.45 ± 2.58, and 3.75 ± 2.39 L/min, in circuit-clamp, continuous mode, co-pulse mode, and counter-pulse mode, respectively; p &gt; 0.05). RVFAC was significantly higher in counter-pulse mode than in co-pulse mode (0.68 ± 0.05 vs 0.51 ± 0.08 , p &lt; 0.05). LAP was significantly lower in all the driving modes than in circuit-clamp. LVEDP, LVEDV and LVSW, shown as percentages of those in circuit-clamp (= 100%), were significantly lower in counter-pulse mode than in circuit-clamp (54.43 ± 32.05, 89.6 0 ± 4.23, and 60.30 ± 28.41 %, respectively; p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Good control of MR in counter-pulse mode could be achieved with enough LV volume unloading during diastole not to leave blood that regurgitates during systole. Given higher TF and RVFAC in counter-pulse mode, the mode has less adverse effects on the RV function. In conclusion, the mode may offer a favorable control of MR with minimizing RV dysfunction.
Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty, Pulmonary Regurgitation, and Exercise Capacity: The Good, the Bad, and the Not Yet Clear⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Larry A. Latson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Tracking the target in colonic diverticular bleeding using red dichromatic imaging
Authors: Masachika Saino, Taiki Aoyama, Akira Fukumoto, Kenjiro Shigita, Naoki Asayama, Shinichi Mukai, Shinji Nagata
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

“Red” is indistinguishable from “red.” Pooling of blood in the colon is often encountered during urgent colonoscopy and is reportedly useful for detecting the lesion responsible for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding [1]. However, discerning active or recent bleeding is cumbersome in an environment containing blood that has accumulated over various time points. The novel image-enhanced endoscopic technique, red dichromatic imaging (RDI), may overcome this problem. It clearly demarcates active bleeding from the surrounding residual blood based on the color-contrast principle (i. e. the difference in the target’s hemoglobin concentration and thickness) [2].
Inherited Follicular Epithelial-Derived Thyroid Carcinomas: From Molecular Biology to Histological Correlates
Authors: José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro, Ozgur Mete, Sylvia L. Asa, Virginia LiVolsi
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2021)

Abstract Cancer derived from thyroid follicular epithelial cells is common; it represents the most common endocrine malignancy. The molecular features of sporadic tumors have been clarified in the past decade. However the incidence of familial disease has not been emphasized and is often overlooked in routine practice. A careful clinical documentation of family history or familial syndromes that can be associated with thyroid disease can help identify germline susceptibility-driven thyroid neoplasia. In this review, we summarize a large body of information about both syndromic and non-syndromic familial thyroid carcinomas. A significant number of patients with inherited non-medullary thyroid carcinomas manifest disease that appears to be sporadic disease even in some syndromic cases. The cytomorphology of the tumor(s), molecular immunohistochemistry, the findings in the non-tumorous thyroid parenchyma and other associated lesions may provide insight into the underlying syndromic disorder. However, the increasing evidence of familial predisposition to non-syndromic thyroid cancers is raising questions about the importance of genetics and epigenetics. What appears to be “sporadic” is becoming less often truly so and more often an opportunity to identify and understand novel genetic variants that underlie tumorigenesis. Pathologists must be aware of the unusual morphologic features that should prompt germline screening. Therefore, recognition of harbingers of specific germline susceptibility syndromes can assist in providing information to facilitate early detection to prevent aggressive disease.
Lymph node mapping in gastric cancer: A pilot study in Western patients.
Authors: Akie Watanabe, Trevor D Hamilton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

192 Background: Adequate surgical lymphadenectomy is integral to the staging and treatment of gastric cancer. A number of Asian studies have explored the utility of lymph node (LN) mapping in gastric cancer but this in not commonly performed in Western countries. We sought to evaluate the utility and safety of LN mapping in Western patients. Methods: We conducted a pilot study of 13 patients with histologically proven non-metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma that received endoscopic peri-tumoral indocyanine green fluorescence (ICG) injections immediately prior to surgical resection to facilitate LN mapping. Illumination with ICG around the primary tumor, in lymphatic basins, tracts, and lymph nodes were confirmed by the PINPOINT system on recorded videos. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: Among the 13 patients enrolled, median age was 75 years and 7 were men. On pathologic review, 15% were T1, 54% were T2, and 69% had were node negative. Tumours were located in the proximal third in 1 patient, middle third in 2 patients and distal third in 10 patients. All patients had a laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy and 10 patients had a D2 lymphadenectomy. 5 patients received preoperative and 7 received postoperative chemotherapy. The median number of LNs harvested was 26 [IQR 24-34]. Video confirmation of ICG mapping of the primary tumor, lymphatic basins, tracts, and LNs were obtained in all patients. All LNs identified with ICG uptake were removed with surgical lymphadenectomy. ICG mapped LNs fell outside the D1 distribution in 100% and outside the D1-plus distribution in 54% of cases. ICG mapped LNs were within the D2 distribution in all cases. No ICG related allergic reactions or procedural complications were observed. Postoperative complications included 2 grade A pancreatic fistulas, 1 gastrointestinal bleed, and 1 NSTEMI. Peri-operative morality was zero. Conclusions: We demonstrate ICG lymph node mapping as a safe and useful technique for identifying regional draining lymph nodes and for primary tumor localization in Western patients. The majority of cases found LNs draining outside the D1 and D1+ distributions, highlighting the importance of appropriate lymphadenectomies in gastric cancer.