tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NOVEL USE OF IVABRADINE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF A CATECHOLAMINE-INDUCED CARIOMYOPATHY SECONDARY TO A METASTATIC HEREDITARY PARAGANGLIOMA
Authors: Eric Torkildsen, Ross Biggs, Brian Henstenburg, Amogh Joshi, Arjan Ahluwalia, Nael Hawwa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF INTRAVASCULAR LITHOTRIPSY IN THE TREATMENT OF CALCIFIED PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Omar Sajdeya, Mohammed Mhanna, Pinang Shastri, Cameron Burmeister, Jeremy Tomcho, Mitra Patel, Ahmed Elzanaty, Sapan Bhuta, Neha Patel, Sami Ghazaleh, Azizullah Beran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
How Cortical Circuits Implement Cortical Computations: Mouse Visual Cortex as a Model
Authors: Cristopher M. Niell, Massimo Scanziani
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2021)

The mouse, as a model organism to study the brain, gives us unprecedented experimental access to the mammalian cerebral cortex. By determining the cortex's cellular composition, revealing the interaction between its different components, and systematically perturbing these components, we are obtaining mechanistic insight into some of the most basic properties of cortical function. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of how circuits of cortical neurons implement computations, as revealed by the study of mouse primary visual cortex. Further, we discuss how studying the mouse has broadened our understanding of the range of computations performed by visual cortex. Finally, we address how future approaches will fulfill the promise of the mouse in elucidating fundamental operations of cortex.
Abstract 10722: Correlation of Body Mass Index With Ablation Outcome and Comorbidities in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sanghamitra Mohanty, Chintan G Trivedi, Veronica Natale, Rong Bai, Joanna Assadourian, Domenico G Della Rocca, Carola Gianni, Pamela Horton, Bryan MacDonald, John D Burkhardt, Javier Sanchez, Joe Gallinghouse, Amin Al-Ahmad, Rodney P Horton, Andrea Natale
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Prior studies have reported an approximate 4% increase in new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) with each unit increase in the body mass index (BMI), when BMI is investigated as a continuo...
Acrolein scavenger dimercaprol offers neuroprotection in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease: implication of acrolein and TRPA1
Authors: Liangqin Shi, Yazhou Lin, Yucheng Jiao, Seth A. Herr, Jonathan Tang, Edmond Rogers, Zhengli Chen, Riyi Shi
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2021)

Abstract Background The mechanisms underlying lesions of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, an essential pathology of Parkinson’s disease (PD), are largely unknown, although oxidative stress is recognized as a key factor. We have previously shown that the pro-oxidative aldehyde acrolein is a critical factor in PD pathology, and that acrolein scavenger hydralazine can reduce the elevated acrolein, mitigate DA neuron death, and alleviate motor deficits in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model. As such, we hypothesize that a structurally distinct acrolein scavenger, dimercaprol (DP), can also offer neuroprotection and behavioral benefits. Methods DP was used to lower the elevated levels of acrolein in the basal ganglia of 6-OHDA rats. The acrolein levels and related pathologies were measured by immunohistochemistry. Locomotor and behavioral effects of 6-OHDA injections and DP treatment were examined using the open field test and rotarod test. Pain was assessed using mechanical allodynia, cold hypersensitivity, and plantar tests. Finally, the effects of DP were assessed in vitro on SK-N-SH dopaminergic cells exposed to acrolein. Results DP reduced acrolein and reversed the upregulation of pain-sensing transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels in the substantia nigra, striatum, and cortex. DP also mitigated both motor and sensory deficits typical of PD. In addition, DP lowered acrolein and protected DA-like cells in vitro. Acrolein’s ability to upregulate TRPA1 was also verified in vitro using cell lines. Conclusions These results further elucidated the acrolein-mediated pathogenesis and reinforced the critical role of acrolein in PD while providing strong arguments for anti-acrolein treatments as a novel and feasible strategy to combat neurodegeneration in PD. Considering the extensive involvement of acrolein in various nervous system illnesses and beyond, anti-acrolein strategies may have wide applications and broad impacts on human health.
Molecular Parallelism Underlies Convergent Highland Adaptation of Maize Landraces
Authors: Li Wang, Emily B Josephs, Kristin M Lee, Lucas M Roberts, Rubén Rellán-Álvarez, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, Matthew B Hufford
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Abstract Convergent phenotypic evolution provides some of the strongest evidence for adaptation. However, the extent to which recurrent phenotypic adaptation has arisen via parallelism at the molecular level remains unresolved, as does the evolutionary origin of alleles underlying such adaptation. Here, we investigate genetic mechanisms of convergent highland adaptation in maize landrace populations and evaluate the genetic sources of recurrently selected alleles. Population branch excess statistics reveal substantial evidence of parallel adaptation at the level of individual single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), genes, and pathways in four independent highland maize populations. The majority of convergently selected SNPs originated via migration from a single population, most likely in the Mesoamerican highlands, while standing variation introduced by ancient gene flow was also a contributor. Polygenic adaptation analyses of quantitative traits reveal that alleles affecting flowering time are significantly associated with elevation, indicating the flowering time pathway was targeted by highland adaptation. In addition, repeatedly selected genes were significantly enriched in the flowering time pathway, indicating their significance in adapting to highland conditions. Overall, our study system represents a promising model to study convergent evolution in plants with potential applications to crop adaptation across environmental gradients.
Abstract 18727: Predictors of Health-related Quality of Life After Isolated CABG Surgery
Authors: Lisa M Fornaresio, Sari D Holmes, Deborah J Shuman, Graciela Pritchard, Rabia Ali, Katherine Armstrong, Niv Ad
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine which factors were important in predicting HRQL scores at 6 months after isolated CABG surgery. Methods: Study includes patients who had isolated CABG from Sept 2005 to Sept 2014 and completed HRQL surveys (SF-12) before and 6 months postsurgery ( N =818). Patients were categorized into 3 groups given 6 month course of General Health (GH) scores: decreased ( n =153), no change ( n =351), increased ( n =314). Multivariate linear regressions were used to examine predictors for 6 month HRQL adjusting for baseline HRQL. Results: Baseline and 6 month scores on 10 SF-12 subscales are shown (FIGURE). Patients with no change or decreased GH had higher presurgery HRQL, but at 6 months, those with increased GH had the highest HRQL. In univariate analyses, lower operative risk (EuroSCORE II) presurgery correlated with greater GH ( P &lt;0.001) and physical composite score (PCS; P &lt;0.001) improvement from before to 6 months after surgery. Independent predictors for greater GH at 6 months were: no peripheral vascular disease ( P =0.029), no lung disease ( P =0.001), no MI history ( P =0.001), no blood product transfusion ( P =0.027), and shorter LOS ( P =0.004). Independent predictors for greater PCS at 6 months were: younger age ( P =0.002), no lung disease ( P &lt;0.001), no MI history ( P =0.001), no diabetes ( P =0.005), no blood transfusion ( P =0.001), and shorter LOS ( P =0.002). Predictors for greater mental composite score at 6 months were older age ( P &lt;0.001) and no lung disease ( P =0.003). Conclusions: Even patients who present with lower HRQL can see significant HRQL improvement after surgery. Comorbid conditions present before surgery impacted HRQL postsurgery and should be managed to minimize effects on HRQL improvements. Blood transfusion was associated with lower HRQL. Given previous literature on negative implications of blood transfusion after cardiac surgery and these results, more conservative blood transfusion protocols are warranted.
Molecular classification improves risk assessment in adult <i>BCR-ABL1–</i>negative B-ALL
Authors: Elisabeth Paietta, Kathryn G. Roberts, Victoria Wang, Zhaohui Gu, Georgina A. N. Buck, Deqing Pei, Cheng Cheng, Ross L. Levine, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Zhongshan Cheng, Gang Wu, Chunxu Qu, Lei Shi, Stanley Pounds, Cheryl L. Willman, Richard Harvey, Janis Racevskis, Jan Barinka, Yanming Zhang, Gordon W. Dewald, Rhett P. Ketterling, David Alejos, Hillard M. Lazarus, Selina M. Luger, Letizia Foroni, Bela Patel, Adele K. Fielding, Ari Melnick, David I. Marks, Anthony V. Moorman, Peter H. Wiernik, Jacob M. Rowe, Martin S. Tallman, Anthony H. Goldstone, Charles G. Mullighan, Mark R. Litzow
Journal: Blood (2021)
Diversification of Academic Surgery, Its Leadership, and the Importance of Intersectionality
Authors: Andrea N. Riner, Kelly M. Herremans, Daniel W. Neal, Crystal Johnson-Mann, Steven J. Hughes, Kandace P. McGuire, Gilbert R. Upchurch, Jose G. Trevino
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Diversity in academic surgery is lacking, particularly among positions of leadership. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate trends among racial/ethnical minority groups stratified by gender along the surgical pipeline, as well as in surgical leadership. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis assessed US surgical faculty census data obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges faculty roster in the Faculty Administrative Management Online User System database. Surgical faculty members captured in census data from December 31, 2013, to December 31, 2019, were included in the analysis. Faculty were identified from the surgery category of the faculty roster, which includes general surgeons and subspecialists, neurosurgeons, and urologists. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Gender and race/ethnicity were obtained for surgical faculty stratified by rank. Descriptive statistics with annual percentage of change in representation are reported based on faculty rank. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 15 653 US surgical faculty, including 3876 women (24.8%), were included in the data set for 2019. Female faculty from racial/ethnic minority groups experienced an increase in representation at instructor and assistant and associate professorship appointments, with a more favorable trajectory than male faculty from racial/ethnic minority groups across nearly all ranks. White faculty maintain most leadership positions as full professors (3105 of 3997 [77.7%]) and chairs (294 of 380 [77.4%]). The greatest magnitude of underrepresentation along the surgical pipeline has been among Black (106 of 3997 [2.7%]) and Hispanic/Latinx (176 of 3997 [4.4%]) full professors. Among full professors, although Black and Hispanic/Latinx male representation increased modestly (annual change, 0.07% and 0.10%, respectively), Black female representation remained constant (annual change, 0.00004%) and Hispanic/Latinx female representation decreased (annual change, −0.16%). Overall Hispanic/Latinx (20 of 380 [5.3%]) and Black (13 of 380 [3.4%]) representation as chairs has not changed, with only 1 Black and 1 Hispanic/Latinx woman ascending to chair from 2013 to 2019. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> A disproportionately small number of faculty from minority groups obtain leadership positions in academic surgery. Intersectionality may leave female members of racial/ethnic minority groups more disadvantaged than their male colleagues in achieving leadership positions. These findings highlight the urgency to diversify surgical leadership.
Changes in COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in hospitalised adults in England over the first seven months of the pandemic: An observational study using administrative data
Authors: William K. Gray, Annakan V Navaratnam, Jamie Day, Julia Wendon, Tim W.R. Briggs
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

Previous research by our team identified factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 in England between March and May 2020. The aim of the current paper was to investigate the changing role of demographics and co-morbidity, with a particular focus on ethnicity, as risk factors for in-hospital mortality over an extended period.This was a retrospective observational study using the Hospital Episode Statistics administrative dataset. All patients aged ≥ 18 years in England with a diagnosis of COVID-19 who had a hospital stay that was completed (discharged alive or died) between 1st March and 30th September 2020 were included. In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome of interest. Multilevel logistic regression was used to model the relationship between in-hospital mortality with adjustment for the covariates: age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, date of discharge and a number of comorbidities.Compared to patients in March-May (n = 93,379), patients in June-September (n = 24,059) were younger, more likely to be female and of Asian ethnicity, but less likely to be of Black ethnicity. In-hospital mortality rates, adjusted for covariates, declined from 33-34% in March to 11-12% in September. Compared to the March-May period, Bangladeshi, Indian and Other Asian ethnicity patients had a lower relative odds of death (compared to White ethnicity patients) during June-September. For Pakistani patients, the decline in-hospital mortality rates was more modest across the same time periods with the relative odds of death increasing slightly (odds ratio (95% confidence interval)) 1.24 (1.10 to 1.40) and 1.35 (1.08 to 1.69) respectively. From March-May to June-September the relative odds of death in patients with a diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma increased (1.90 (1.73 to 2.08) vs 3.01 (2.55 to 3.54)) but decreased for male patients (1.44 (1.39 to 1.49) vs 1.27 (1.17 to 1.38)) and patients with obesity (1.42 (1.34 to 1.52) vs 0.97 (0.83 to 1.14)) and diabetes without complications (1.14 (1.10 to 1.19) vs 0.95 (0.87 to 1.05)).In-hospital mortality rates for patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 have fallen substantially and there is evidence that the relative importance of some covariates has changed since the start of the pandemic. These patterns should continue to be tracked as new variants of the virus emerge, vaccination programmes are rolled out and hospital pressures fluctuate.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC AND BIOMARKER PREDICTORS FOR IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN COVID-19 DISEASE
Authors: Joanne Michelle D. Gomez, Allison Zimmerman, Jeanne Du Fay de Lavallaz, Tai Tri Nguyen, Athina Bouroukas, Jessica Canzolino, Alan Goldberg, Tisha Suboc, Anupama Rao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Map3k8/COT1/Tpl2 Drives Resistance to Bcr-Abl1 Inhibition through Activation of MEK-ERK and NF-Kb Pathways
Authors: Anna Dorota Chorzalska, Nagib Ahsan, Alexander Tepper, Steven Hines, Diana Olguta Treaba, Adam J Olszewski, John L. Reagan, Philip Gruppuso, Patrycja Dubielecka
Journal: Blood (2017)
TRENDS IN DRUG COATED DEVICE USE FOR TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE IN REAL WORLD PRACTICE
Authors: Matthew Pichert, Qurat-ul-ain Jelani, Yulanka Castro Dominguez, Jiaming Huang, Sameer Nagpal, Eric Secemsky, Laith Derbas, Ali Malik, Kim Smolderen, Carlos Mena Hurtado
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Abstract #2089: The tea type Brazilian herb tea prevent lung cancer induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and glycerol in mice
Authors: Harukuni Tokuda, Mitsuaki Yamashita, Masafumi Kaneko, Akira Iida
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Lung cancer incidence is higher in Japanese peoples compared to other organ cancer and it has been acute problems in our life style. Since herbal tea have been known to prevent against the several organ cancer through so many examinations and published papers, herbal tea may be useful in chemoprevention, which have strong potential activity by contained active constituents. Tabebuia avellanedae (Bignoniaceae)(TA), which is native in South America from Brazil to northern Argentina, is well known in traditionalfolk medicine used for the treatment of various disease during five hundred years. The inner bark of this plant produced in Brazil is distributed in Asia and Japan as a healthy purpose herb tea. Previously, we reported that extract essence ofTA (known is common herbal tea as Taheebo)(TA ess.) and including naphthoquinones type compounds, NQ801, inhibited TPA-induced in vitro assay for chemopreventive potency and also inhibited TPA-induced in vivo assay on two-stage mouse skin test. We have now extended these investigations to lung adenoma tumorigenesis model in which we initiated the tumors with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4NQO) and promoted with glycerol in SENCAR mice. Female SENCAR mice were injected s.c. with4NQO dissolved in olive oil, 1 week a part, and then randomized into the different group of each 15 mice. After waiting 5 weeks following injection, mice were maintained either on 8% glycerol oral drinking group and supplemented 0.0025% TA ess. for 25 weeks. At necropsy, lungs were removed and grossly visible lesions on the surface of all lobes of the lung were counted and one tumor from each mouse was observed for histopathological analysis. Mice treated with 8% glycerol and fed conventional diet had 45 adenoma and incidences were 86.6%. Compared to mice treated with 8% glycerol and 0.0025% TA ess. had a lower tumor multiplicity, 9 adenoma and incidences were 33.3%, corresponding to a reduction by 80%, multiplicity and 62% incidence, respectively, and these tumors showed the typical adenoma by microscopic observation. These findigs established a inhibitory effects of TA ess. in lung tumor model, an effect that is modulated through inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway, using western blotting analysis. Importantly, consumption of the TA ess. in the drinking water for a period 30 weeks did not appear to induce any over toxicity. Based on the fact, these results suggested that oral tea type herb have the potential as preventive reagent against cancer through pathway of MAPK signaling.  Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2089.
P-WAVE SIGNAL AVERAGED ECGREFERENCE VALUES, CLINICAL CORRELATES, AND HERITABILITY IN THE FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY
Authors: Jelena Kornej, Jared Magnani, Sarah R. Preis, Elsayed Soliman, Ludovic Trinquart, Darae Ko, Emelia Benjamin, Honghuang Lin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
David Antony Walmsley
Authors: Anthony Walmsley
Journal: BMJ (2021)

David Antony Walmsley started his anaesthetic career after house jobs with a four year short service commission in the Royal Army Medical Corps, the last two years of which he spent in Rinteln in Germany. Having completed his specialty training he was appointed as only the second full time consultant in anaesthetics at Chelmsford hospitals (now Mid-Essex) in 1965. During his career he served on several local and regional committees including the anaesthetic regional advisory committee, health service complaints procedure, Mid-Essex acute management team, and Mid-Essex …
geneshot: gene-level metagenomics identifies genome islands associated with immunotherapy response
Authors: Samuel S. Minot, Kevin C. Barry, Caroline Kasman, Jonathan L. Golob, Amy D. Willis
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Abstract Researchers must be able to generate experimentally testable hypotheses from sequencing-based observational microbiome experiments to discover the mechanisms underlying the influence of gut microbes on human health. We describe geneshot , a novel bioinformatics tool for identifying testable hypotheses based on gene-level metagenomic analysis of WGS microbiome data. By applying geneshot to two independent previously published cohorts, we identify microbial genomic islands consistently associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based cancer treatment in culturable type strains. The identified genomic islands are within operons involved in type II secretion, TonB-dependent transport, and bacteriophage growth.
Single-cell transcriptome and genome analyses of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Yueli Cui, Chao Li, Zhenhuan Jiang, Shu Zhang, Qingqing Li, Xixi Liu, Yuan Zhou, Runting Li, Liudong Wei, Lianwang Li, Qi Zhang, Lu Wen, Fuchou Tang, Dabiao Zhou
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the second most common intracranial tumor. We lacked a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and heterogeneity of these tumors.We performed high-precision single-cell RNA sequencing for 2679 individual cells obtained from 23 surgically resected samples of the major subtypes of PitNETs from 21 patients. We also performed single-cell multi-omics sequencing for 238 cells from 5 patients.Unsupervised clustering analysis distinguished all tumor subtypes, which was in accordance with the classification based on immunohistochemistry and provided additional information. We identified 3 normal endocrine cell types: somatotrophs, lactotrophs, and gonadotrophs. Comparisons of tumor and matched normal cells showed that differentially expressed genes of gonadotroph tumors were predominantly downregulated, while those of somatotroph and lactotroph tumors were mainly upregulated. We identified novel tumor-related genes, such as AMIGO2, ZFP36, BTG1, and DLG5. Tumors expressing multiple hormone genes showed little transcriptomic heterogeneity. Furthermore, single-cell multi-omics analysis demonstrated that the tumor had a relatively uniform pattern of genome with slight heterogeneity in copy number variations.Our single-cell transcriptome and single-cell multi-omics analyses provide novel insights into the characteristics and heterogeneity of these complex neoplasms for the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Genetic and spatial organization of the unusual chromosomes of the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium microadriaticum
Authors: Ankita Nand, Ye Zhan, Octavio R. Salazar, Manuel Aranda, Christian R. Voolstra, Job Dekker
Journal: Nature Genetics (2021)

Dinoflagellates are main primary producers in the oceans, the cause of algal blooms and endosymbionts of marine invertebrates. Much remains to be understood about their biology, including their peculiar crystalline chromosomes. We assembled 94 chromosome-scale scaffolds of the genome of the coral endosymbiont Symbiodinium microadriaticum and analyzed their organization. Genes are enriched towards the ends of chromosomes and are arranged in alternating unidirectional blocks. Some chromosomes are enriched for genes involved in specific biological processes. The chromosomes fold as linear rods and each is composed of a series of structural domains separated by boundaries. Domain boundaries are positioned at sites where transcription of two gene blocks converges and disappear when cells are treated with chemicals that block transcription, indicating correlations between gene orientation, transcription and chromosome folding. The description of the genetic and spatial organization of the S. microadriaticum genome provides a foundation for deeper exploration of the extraordinary biology of dinoflagellates and their chromosomes.
IDENTIFICATION OF AREAS OF ORGANIZED 1:1 ACTIVITY IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS POST MAZE SURGERY
Authors: Neal K. Bhatia, Rajan Shah, Prasanthan Ganesan, Albert Rogers, Terrance Pong, Saira Purewal, Tina Baykaner, Paul Wang, Anson Lee, Wouter-Jan Rappel, Sanjiv Narayan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)