tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TRENDS OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM (CAC) BY GENDER, AGE, AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: April Kinninger, Tej Joshi, Sebastian Hadeed, Vicente Loera, Paul Asheim, Rachelle Lopez Gonzales, Thomas Crahan, Amit Johanis, Vikram Muller, George Trad, John Robert Luce, Matthew Chen, Kaitlyn Mikielski, Audelia Arasheben, Bibinaz Eghtedari, Matthew Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
REDUCTION IN HEART FAILURE WITH ICOSAPENT ETHYL: INSIGHTS FROM REDUCE-IT HF
Authors: Deepak L. Bhatt, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Michael Miller, Eliot Brinton, Terry Jacobson, Steven Ketchum, Rebecca Juliano, Lixia Jiao, Ralph Doyle, Craig Granowitz, Jean Claude Tardif, Christie Ballantyne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Ca2+-supplying black phosphorus-based scaffolds fabricated with microfluidic technology for osteogenesis
Authors: Zhanrong Li, Xingcai Zhang, Jiang Ouyang, Dandan Chu, Fengqi Han, Liuqi Shi, Ruixing Liu, Zhihua Guo, Grace X. Gu, Wei Tao, Lin Jin, Jingguo Li
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Effective osteogenesis remains a challenge in the treatment of bone defects. The emergence of artificial bone scaffolds provides an attractive solution. In this work, a new biomineralization strategy is proposed to facilitate osteogenesis through sustaining supply of nutrients including phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and silicon (Si). We developed black phosphorus (BP)-based, three-dimensional nanocomposite fibrous scaffolds via microfluidic technology to provide a wealth of essential ions for bone defect treatment. The fibrous scaffolds were fabricated from 3D poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers (3D NFs), BP nanosheets, and hydroxyapatite (HA)-porous SiO2 nanoparticles. The 3D [email protected] NFs possess three advantages: i) stably connected pores allow the easy entrance of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into the interior of the 3D fibrous scaffolds for bone repair and osteogenesis; ii) plentiful nutrients in the NFs strongly improve osteogenic differentiation in the bone repair area; iii) the photothermal effect of fibrous scaffolds promotes the release of elements necessary for bone formation, thus achieving accelerated osteogenesis. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the 3D [email protected] NFs, with the assistance of NIR laser, exhibited good performance in promoting bone regeneration. Furthermore, microfluidic technology makes it possible to obtain high-quality 3D [email protected] NFs with low costs, rapid processing, high throughput and mass production, greatly improving the prospects for clinical application. This is also the first BP-based bone scaffold platform that can self-supply Ca2+, which may be the blessedness for older patients with bone defects or patients with damaged bones as a result of calcium loss.
A RARE IATROGENIC TRIO OF PNEUMOPERICARDIUM, PNEUMOPERITONEUM AND ESCHERICHIA COLI PERICARDITIS
Authors: Bharadwaj Satyavolu, Hamza Lodhi, Priya Bansal, Adithya Mathews, Haider Al Taii, Ramez Morcos, Anand Desai, Brijeshwar Maini, Houman Khalili
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Essentialism and Exclusion: Racism in Cancer Risk Prediction Models
Authors: Erika A Waters, Graham A Colditz, Kia L Davis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2021)

Abstract Cancer risk prediction models have the potential to revolutionize the science and practice of cancer prevention and control by identifying the likelihood that a patient will develop cancer at some point in the future, likely experience more benefit than harm from a given intervention, and survive their cancer for a certain number of years. The ability of risk prediction models to produce estimates that are valid and reliable for people from diverse socio-demographic backgrounds—and consequently their utility for broadening the reach of precision medicine to marginalized populations—depends on ensuring that the risk factors included in the model are represented as thoroughly and as accurately as possible. However, cancer risk prediction models created in the United States have a critical limitation, the origins of which stem from the country’s earliest days: they either erroneously treat the social construct of race as an immutable biological factor (ie, they “essentialize” race), or they exclude from the model those socio-contextual factors that are associated with both race and health outcomes. Models that essentialize race and/or exclude socio-contextual factors sometimes incorporate “race corrections” that adjust a patient’s risk estimate up or down based on their race. This commentary discusses the origins of race corrections, potential flaws with such corrections, and strategies for developing cohorts for developing risk prediction models that do not essentialize race or exclude key socio-contextual factors. Such models will help move the science of cancer prevention and control towards its goal of eliminating cancer disparities and achieving health equity.
Veliparib in Combination with Carboplatin and Etoposide in Patients with Treatment-Naïve Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 2 Randomized Study
Authors: Lauren Averett Byers, Dmitry Bentsion, Steven Gans, Konstantin Penkov, ChoonHee Son, Anne Sibille, Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Harry J.M. Groen, Carl M. Gay, Junya Fujimoto, Patricia de Groot, Martin Dunbar, Kingston Kang, Lei He, Vasudha Sehgal, Jaimee Glasgow, Bruce Allen Bach, Peter M. Ellis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of oral PARP inhibitor veliparib, plus carboplatin and etoposide in patients with treatment-naïve, extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC). Patients and Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to veliparib [240 mg twice daily (BID) for 14 days] plus chemotherapy followed by veliparib maintenance (400 mg BID; veliparib throughout), veliparib plus chemotherapy followed by placebo (veliparib combination only), or placebo plus chemotherapy followed by placebo (control). Patients received 4–6 cycles of combination therapy, then maintenance until unacceptable toxicity/progression. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) with veliparib throughout versus control. Results: Overall (N = 181), PFS was improved with veliparib throughout versus control [hazard ratio (HR), 0.67; 80% confidence interval (CI), 0.50–0.88; P = 0.059]; median PFS was 5.8 and 5.6 months, respectively. There was a trend toward improved PFS with veliparib throughout versus control in SLFN11-positive patients (HR, 0.6; 80% CI, 0.36–0.97). Median overall survival (OS) was 10.1 versus 12.4 months in the veliparib throughout and control arms, respectively (HR, 1.43; 80% CI, 1.09–1.88). Grade 3/4 adverse events were experienced by 82%, 88%, and 68% of patients in the veliparib throughout, veliparib combination-only and control arms, most commonly hematologic. Conclusions: Veliparib plus platinum chemotherapy followed by veliparib maintenance demonstrated improved PFS as first-line treatment for ED-SCLC with an acceptable safety profile, but there was no corresponding benefit in OS. Further investigation is warranted to define the role of biomarkers in this setting.
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ON PATIENT UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT WITH AND WITHOUT PRIOR CATHETER ABLATION
Authors: Bertrand F. Ebner, Louis Vincent, Jelani Grant, Jennifer Maning, Neal Olarte, Odunayo Olorunfemi, Rosario Colombo, Ivan Mendoza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
EVINACUMAB FOR TREATMENT OF COMPOUND HETEROZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA - HOW GENETICS CAN PREDICT EFFECTIVENESS OF LIPID-LOWERING DRUGS
Authors: Alena Limonova, Alexandra Ershova, Alexey Meshkov, Anna Kiseleva, Mikhail Divashuk, Oxana Drapkina
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Delivery strategies of amphotericin B for invasive fungal infections
Authors: Xiaochun Wang, Imran Shair Mohammad, Lifang Fan, Zongmin Zhao, Md Nurunnabi, Marwa A. Sallam, Jun Wu, Zhongjian Chen, Lifang Yin, Wei He
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) represent a growing public concern for clinicians to manage in many medical settings, with substantial associated morbidities and mortalities. Among many current therapeutic options for the treatment of IFIs, amphotericin B (AmB) is the most frequently used drug. AmB is considered as a first-line drug in the clinic that has strong antifungal activity and less resistance. In this review, we summarized the most promising research efforts on nanocarriers for AmB delivery and highlighted their efficacy and safety for treating IFIs. We have also discussed the mechanism of actions of AmB, rationale for treating IFIs, and recent advances in formulating AmB for clinical use. Finally, this review discusses some practical considerations and provides recommendations for future studies in applying AmB for combating IFIs.
Present-state dependency in valuation of the future
Authors: John R. Monterosso
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract Ainslie's target article provides a map of distinct mechanisms relevant to self-control, potentially providing needed precision to the field. He also breaks new ground in characterizing the symbiotic relationship between suppression and resolve. In this commentary, I argue that one behaviorism-based feature of his framework, present-state independence , is unjustified and unnecessary for the broader claims of the theory.
LVHNET: DETECTING CARDIAC STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES FROM CHEST X-RAYS USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Pierre Elias, Timothy Poterucha, Shreyas Bhave, Victor Rodriguez, Mathew Maurer, Andrew Einstein, Jay Leb, Nir Uriel, Adler Perotte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Treatment Strategies for Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Jeffrey R. Curtis, Alexis Ogdie, Michael D. George
Journal: JAMA (2021)

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Re: Robert J. Motzer, Paul Russo, Naomi Haas, et al. Adjuvant Pazopanib Versus Placebo After Nephrectomy in Patients with Localized or Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Final Overall Survival Analysis of the Phase 3 PROTECT Trial. Eur Urol 2021;79:334–8
Authors: Nirmish Singla, Phillip Pierorazio, Mohamad Allaf, Yasser Ged
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Assisted dying: Hancock asks for more data on suicides of terminally ill people
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2021)

MPs and campaigners have welcomed a request from England’s health secretary, Matt Hancock, for more data on suicides by terminally ill people and the possible effect that the ban on assisted dying is having on these cases.

Hancock made the pledge to the All Party Parliamentary Group on Choice at the End of Life in light of new figures from the Office of National Statistics (ONS),1 which suggest that one suicide in seven is by someone with experience of cancer or a neurological, heart, or lung disease.

On 27 April, Hancock told the group that he had written to the ONS asking for more data. “Anyone who believes in …
USING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND EXERCISE RIGHT HEART CATHETERIZATION TO EVALUATE PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Xiaoxiao Qian, Hayne Noh, Manijeh Vakilzadeh, Oksana Shlobin, Qiong Zhao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Abstract 958: Tumor-vascular interactions promote STING-driven inflammation in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Marco Campisi, Shriram K. Sundararaman, Shunsuke Kitajima, Valeria Chiono, Roger D. Kamm, David A. Barbie
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The recruitment of T cells following intratumoral administration of Stimulation of Interferon Genes (STING) agonists in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical event in the STING-driven antitumor immune response, a pathway with great relevance in the context of cancer immunotherapy. We have previously demonstrated that LKB1 mutation is associated with suppression of tumor cell STING levels and reduced production of T-cell chemoattractants such as CXCL10 in KRAS-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Consistent with this, immunohistochemical staining of patient samples showed poor infiltration of CD3, CD4, and CD8 T cells into LKB1 negative versus LKB1 intact cancer epithelium, and instead, retention of T-cells in stroma. To examine how LKB1 alters immune cell recruitment in a STING-dependent manner, we used a 3-D microfluidic co-culture system to study interactions between vasculature and tumor spheroids derived from a KRAS/LKB1 mutated (KL) cell line with LKB1 reconstitution +/- STING deletion. To form the vasculature, we co-cultured tumor spheroids with fibroblasts and endothelial cells for 7 days, and identified changes in morphology, cytokine production, and gene expression that occur in co-culture. We first observed that co-culture induced synergistic production of multiple immune cell chemo-attractants such as CXCL10, CCL2, CCL5, and G-CSF. Interestingly, this more physiologic ex vivo tumor model of LKB1 reconstitution revealed particularly strong cooperative production of STING-dependent cytokines such as CXCL10 in the vasculature. Moreover, STING depletion in LKB1 reconstituted tumor cells did not significantly attenuate production of CXCL10 and other cytokines in co-culture, suggesting that tumor/vessel interaction may promote STING activation in the vasculature regardless of cancer cell-intrinsic STING function. Furthermore, although there was no appreciable response after treatment of KL cancer cells with cGAMP based STING agonists, treatment of isolated 3-D vascular networks with cGAMP enhanced vascular permeability and increased production of CXCL10 and CCL5, possibly contributing to defective chemokine gradients that retain T cells near the vasculature. Thus, developing these more complex models that incorporate the vasculature may elucidate important aspects of STING biology and may ultimately aid further development of effective immunotherapies targeting this signaling axis. Citation Format: Marco Campisi, Shriram K. Sundararaman, Shunsuke Kitajima, Valeria Chiono, Roger D. Kamm, David A. Barbie. Tumor-vascular interactions promote STING-driven inflammation in the tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 958.
CARDIAC MECHANICS AND SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE CAPACITY IN THE COMMUNITY: THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Ravi B. Patel, Benjamin Freed, Lauren Nelson, Norrina Allen, Suma Konety, Wendy Post, Joseph Yeboah, Dalane Kitzman, Alain Bertoni, Sanjiv Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
PREDICTION MODEL FOR PERIPROCEDURAL MYOCARDIAL BIOMARKER ELEVATION FOLLOWING ELECTIVE PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION - OLD BIOMAKER BUT SIMPLE PREDICTOR
Authors: Archan Jaspattananon, Damras Tresukosol, Treenet Reathong, Narathip Chunhamaneewat
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for outpatients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Federico Longhini, Corrado Pelaia, Eugenio Garofalo, Andrea Bruni, Roberta Placida, Caterina Iaquinta, Eugenio Arrighi, Graziella Perri, Giada Procopio, Anna Cancelliere, Serena Rovida, Giuseppina Marrazzo, Girolamo Pelaia, Paolo Navalesi
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Introduction High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) provides benefits to patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy (FOB). We compared the effects of HFNC versus standard therapy (ST) on gas exchange, lung volume and diaphragm function in patients undergoing FOB for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Methods 36 outpatients were randomised to ST or HFNC. Arterial blood gases, episodes of severe desaturation, changes of end-expiratory lung impedance (ΔEELI), diaphragm ultrasound were recorded. Measurements were done at baseline (T0), after bronchoscope insertion (T1), at the end of the procedure (T2) and 10 min afterwards (T3). Results Arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO 2 ) was not different between T0 (10.8 (95% CI 8.7 to 12.0) kPa and T2 (11.1 (95% CI 10.4 to 12.0) kPa) with HFNC, while decreased from 11.1 (95% CI 10.5 to 12.1) to 9.1 (95% CI 8.4 to 9.8) kPa with ST. At T2, PaO 2 was significantly higher with HFNC than with ST (p&lt;0.001). Also, with HFNC, compared with ST, fewer desaturations occurred (11% vs 56%; p&lt;0.01). ΔEELI was no different at the different time points with HFNC, while with ST there was a significant decrease at T1 (−170 (95% CI −382 to −32) mL, p=0.003), T2 (−211 (95% CI −425 to −148) mL, p&lt;0.001) and T3 (−213 (95% CI −398 to −81) mL, p&lt;0.001), as opposed to T0. EELI was lower with ST than HFNC at T1 (p=0.006), T2 (p=0.001) and T3 (p=0.002). Diaphragm displacement was no different between groups (p=0.748), while the thickening fraction significantly increased at T1 and T2 with ST only (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions During FOB for BAL, HFNC improves gas exchange, avoiding loss of end-expiratory lung volume and preventing increase of diaphragm activation. Trial registration number NCT04016480 .
ASSOCIATION OF PERICARDIAL ADIPOSE TISSUE WITH CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM PROGRESSION WITH PARTICIPANTS:A CROSS-ETHNIC COMPARISON OF THE MESA AND MASALA STUDIES
Authors: Kashif Shaikh, Sarah Aurit, Raahat Bansal, Alka Kanaya, Arslan Ahmed, Chetan Lokhande, Matthew Budoff, Venkata Alla
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Highlights in the advances of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Xinni Xu, Sietze Reitsma, De Yun Wang, Wytske J. Fokkens
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Abstract Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex upper airway inflammatory disease with a broad spectrum of clinical variants. As our understanding of the disease pathophysiology evolves, so too does our philosophy towards the approach and management of CRS. Endotyping is gaining favour over phenotype‐based classifications, owing to its potential in prognosticating disease severity and delivering precision treatment. Endotyping is especially useful in challenging CRS with nasal polyposis cases, for whom novel treatment options such as biologicals are now available. The latest European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS2020) reflects these changes with updated rhinosinusitis classifications and new integrated care pathways. With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, physicians and rhinologists have to balance the responsibility of managing their patients’ upper airway while adequately protecting themselves from droplet and aerosol transmission. This review summarises the key updates from EPOS2020, endotype‐based classification and biomarkers. The role of biologicals in CRS and the lessons we can draw from their use in severe asthma will be examined. Finally, the principles of CRS management during COVID‐19 will also be discussed.
META-ANALYSIS OF PHASE III RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS EVALUATING BEMPEDOIC ACID: A NOVEL TREATMENT AGENT FOR HYPERLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Arafat Farooqui, Sanjay Maheshwari, Syed Uddin, Haris Bilal, Chad Harris, Naira Saleem, Abeera Akram, Aatera Haq, Vijay Shetty, Jacob Shani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
CONSISTENT EFFICACY OF COLCHICINE OVER TIME IN PATIENTS WITH RECENT VERSUS REMOTE PRIOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME - A LODOCO2 SUBSTUDY
Authors: Tjerk Opstal, Aernoud T.L. Fiolet, Arend Mosterd, John Eikelboom, Stefan Nidorf, Peter Thompson, Charley Budgeon, Jan Tijssen, Saloua El Messaoudi, Jan H. Cornel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Molecular definition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor‐binding domain mutations: Receptor affinity versus neutralization of receptor interaction
Authors: Monique Vogel, Gilles Augusto, Xinyue Chang, Xuelan Liu, Daniel Speiser, Mona O. Mohsen, Martin F. Bachmann
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Abstract Background Several new variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 have emerged since fall 2020 which have multiple mutations in the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. It is unclear which mutations affect receptor affinity versus immune recognition. Methods We produced wild type RBD, RBD with single mutations (E484K, K417N, or N501Y) or with all three mutations combined and tested their binding to ACE2 by biolayer interferometry (BLI). The ability of convalescent sera to recognize RBDs and block their interaction with ACE2 was tested as well. Results We demonstrated that single mutation N501Y increased binding affinity to ACE2 but did not strongly affect its recognition by convalescent sera. In contrast, single mutation E484K had almost no impact on the binding kinetics, but essentially abolished recognition of RBD by convalescent sera. Interestingly, combining mutations E484K, K417N, and N501Y resulted in a RBD with both features: enhanced receptor binding and abolished immune recognition. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that single mutations either affect receptor affinity or immune recognition while triple mutant RBDs combine both features.