tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EPEN-05. CLINICAL AND GENETIC EVOLUTION OF EPENDYMOMA EXPOSED FROM A MULTI-RECURRENCE GIRL CASE
Authors: Zhong-ping Chen, Jing Wang, Shao-yan Xi, Qi Zhao, Yun-fei Xia, Cheng-cheng Guo, Qun-ying Yang, Zhao-jie Li, Zhi Li, Fu Han, Fang Wang, Ke Sai, Hai-ping Cai, Xiang-heng Zhang, Chao Ke, Jian Wang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract Ependymomas are glial brain tumors accounting for approximately 2~3% of all primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), and 12% of all pediatric intracranial tumors. To better understand the evolution process of ependymomas, we studied the clinical, pathological and genetic development of a rare girl case with repeatedly recurrent ependymoma. This girl was diagnosed as ependymoma at age of 9 years old, and experienced 7 times tumor relapse and received 9 times surgeries but finally ceased at 19 years old with multiregional recurrences. The pathological characteristics, radiographic images and therapeutic strategies of the patient were all retrieved. Molecular markers confirmed the diagnosis of anaplastic ependymoma based on the updated WHO guideline for CNS tumors. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to elucidate the landscape of mutation signatures and to identify potential driver mutations along the tumor progression. The seven tumor specimens showed a highly branched evolutionary pattern. There were six gene mutations found in 5 of the 7 specimens (PCDHA4, PCDHA8, SEC14L6, SETD2, RIOK2, and SLCO2A1) and three in 6 of 7 the samples (RYR1, SNX25, DSC2). Strikingly, there was one gene, ADGRL3, which was found to be consistently mutated in the entire disease progression process. Our findings therefore suggest that ADGRL3 might play roles in the disease progression of ependymoma patient.
NURS-06. NURSING PROFESSIONALS AND THEIR AID IN RESEARCH BIOBANKING
Authors: Lauren Hancock, Madhuri Kambhampati
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract Nursing teams play an integral role in the care of patients with brain tumors; however nurses do not often see themselves as essential contributors to translational research. Recent development of nurse-researcher relationships and involvement of the multidisciplinary team have led to successful biobanking strategies. Though there are challenges associated with fostering these relationships, their vital role has significantly enhanced participant recruitment and sample collection at one large urban Children’s Hospital. Researchers at the institution have established a biobank to collect samples from pediatric brain tumor patients at diagnosis, during therapy, and post mortem using conventional methods. However, a collaborative environment between nursing and research teams greatly enhanced the growth of the biobank. We have increased patient recruitment by more than 50% in the past four years and supported different types of specimen collection. Our success entails: 1) development of nurse-researcher relationships, 2) an efficient consent process, 3) streamlined sample collection, and 4) appreciation of the vital role of the nursing team in clinical data collection pertinent to molecular analysis. Additionally, the support of nursing is valuable during post mortem consents and provides emotional support to the family to fulfil their wish to donate. Nurses play a major role in coordination of the post-mortem donation process, and assist in the formation of partnerships within the community to promote this opportunity to families. As biobanking continues to be an important part of bench research, all institutions should recognize and support the vital role that nurses can have in enhancing this endeavor.
MBCL-02. ROLE OF PREOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY IN METASTATIC MEDULLOBLASTOMA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN 92 CHILDREN
Authors: Léa Guerrini-Rousseau, Rachid Abbas, Sophie Huybrechts, Virginie Kieffer-Renaux, Stéphanie Puget, Felipe Andreiuolo, Kevin Beccaria, Thomas Blauwblomme, Stéphanie Bolle, Frédéric Dhermain, Audrey Longaud, Thomas Roujeau, Christian Sainte Rose, Arnaud Tauziede-Esperiat, Pascale Varlet, Michel Zerah, Dominique Valteau-Couanet, Christelle Dufour, Grill Jacques
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND Previous pilot studies have shown the feasibility of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with medulloblastoma, but benefits and risks compared with initial surgery have not been assessed. METHODS Two therapeutic strategies were retrospectively compared in 92 patients with metastatic medulloblastoma treated at Gustave Roussy, France, between 2002 and 2015: surgery at diagnosis (n=54; group A) and surgery delayed after carboplatin and etoposide-based preoperative therapy (n=38; group B). Treatment strategies were similar in both groups. RESULTS The rate of complete tumor excision was significantly higher in group B than in group A (93.3% versus 57.4%, p=0.0013). Post-operative complications, chemotherapy-associated side effects and local progressions were not increased in group B. Preoperative chemotherapy led to a decrease in the primary tumor size in all patients, 4/38 patients experiencing meanwhile a distant progression. The histological review of 19 matched tumor pairs (before and after chemotherapy) showed that proliferation was reduced and histological diagnosis feasible and accurate even after preoperative chemotherapy. The 5-year progression-free and overall survival rates were comparable between groups. Comparison of the longitudinal neuropsychological data showed that intellectual outcome tended to be better in group B (the mean predicted intellectual quotient value was 6 points higher throughout the follow-up). CONCLUSION Preoperative chemotherapy is a safe and efficient strategy for metastatic medulloblastoma. It increases the rate of complete tumor excision and may improve the neuropsychological outcome without jeopardizing survival.
Evan Reginald Price
Authors: Vivien Price, Christopher Hewitt
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Evan Reginald Price was born in the village of Llanon, Cardiganshire, and grew up in Cardiff,. He entered the University of Wales to study medicine at the age of 17. One of his two sisters, Madeline, had a paralysed leg following polio, which influenced his choice of profession. He graduated in 1944 with his primary medical degree from Cardiff, and opted to take exams for a second medical qualification from the University of London in 1948.

After house jobs in Liverpool he entered the army as a medical officer and achieved the rank of captain. He was posted …
ETMR-17. SINGLE-CELL TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF ETMR PATIENT SAMPLES
Authors: Volker Hovestadt, McKenzie L Shaw, Alexander Beck, Sander Lambo, Olivia A Hack, Johannes Gojo, Sibylle Madlener, Lisa Mayr, Christine Haberler, Thomas Czech, Derek R Hanson, Carl Koschmann, Nada Jabado, Annie A Huang, Irene Slavc, Stefan M Pfister, Sanda Alexandrescu, Bradley E Bernstein, Marcel Kool, Mariella G Filbin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract Brain tumors are comprised of cells with heterogeneous genetic and transcriptional states, resulting in substantial phenotypic diversity. This diversity is particularly evident in embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), which shows a striking bi-phasic pattern for which it is named. A better understanding of its underlying molecular makeup is urgently needed to develop more effective therapeutic strategies that eliminate all malignant cell types underlying ETMR initiation, maintenance, progression, and relapse. Furthermore, the cellular origin of ETMR is currently poorly understood. We used plate-based single-cell RNA sequencing to assess the intratumoral heterogeneity in 6 fresh and 4 snap-frozen surgical biopsies, following a workflow that we have previously established to study pediatric high grade gliomas, medulloblastomas, and ependymomas. Computational analyses conducted on &amp;gt;4,000 single cells identified cellular hierarchies ranging from a proliferative, undifferentiated cell population to more differentiated, predominantly neural-like progeny in all samples. Patient-derived cell line and xenograft models partially recapitulated this hierarchy. We further integrated transcriptional programs identified in single cells with available datasets of the developing normal brain, as well as with programs identified in other pediatric brain tumor entities, to inform both putative cellular origins and ETMR-specific oncogenic pathways. These timely results provide unparalleled insights into the molecular underpinnings of the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in ETMR. Analyses aimed at further integrating malignant cell type abundances with genetic alterations and clinical annotations, and therapeutical targeting of malignant cell populations using in-vitro models are currently ongoing.
IMMU-24. TEMOZOLOMIDE INDUCED IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION REQUIRES THE PRESENCE OF INTRACRANIAL TUMORS
Authors: Aida Karachi, Farhad Dastmalchi, Ashley O’Malley, Changlin Yang, Duane Mitchell, Maryam Rahman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract Temozolomide was recently shown to cause peripheral and intra-tumoral T cell dysfunction in a dosing schedule dependent fashion. Standard dose (SD) temozolomide (TMZ) resulted in T cell dysfunction precluding response to immune checkpoint inhibition that was avoided with a metronomic dosing (MD) schedule. Building on these studies, we investigated the TMZ-induced immune changes in tumor and non-tumor bearing models to understand the interaction of an intracranial tumor on host immunity. C57BL/6 mice underwent intracranial implantation of GL-261 tumor cells. Tumor bearing animals and naïve animals with no tumor were treated with standard dose (50 mg/kg x 5 days) or metronomic dose (25mg/kg x 10 days) of TMZ. Peripheral blood and spleens were collected for flow cytometry, ELISA and luciferase killing assay. Tumor bearing animals treated with SD TMZ demonstrated an increase in circulating myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), an upregulation of exhaustion markers on endogenous host CD8 T cells (TIM3, LAG3) and a decrease in IFN-gamma secretion from adoptively transferred T cells (tested via ELISA). The cell killing capability of adoptively transferred T cells was not reduced after exposure to a TMZ treated host. Non-tumor bearing animals treated with SD TMZ did not demonstrate an increase in circulating MDSCs or exhaustion markers on endogenous T cells. IFN-gamma secretion from adoptively transferred T cells was still reduced in these animals. The host immune dysfunction induced by TMZ is dependent on the presence of an intracranial malignancy. The mechanisms causing these changes are under active investigation.
First-attempt success rate of video laryngoscopy in small infants (VISI): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Annery G Garcia-Marcinkiewicz, Pete G Kovatsis, Agnes I Hunyady, Patrick N Olomu, Bingqing Zhang, Madhankumar Sathyamoorthy, Adolfo Gonzalez, Siri Kanmanthreddy, Jorge A Gálvez, Amber M Franz, James Peyton, Raymond Park, Edgar E Kiss, David Sommerfield, Heather Griffis, Akira Nishisaki, Britta S von Ungern-Sternberg, Vinay M Nadkarni, Francis X McGowan, John E Fiadjoe, David Ladner, Nicholas Burjek, Narasimhan Jagannathan, John Hadjuk, Saeedah Asaf, Chris Glover, Mary L Stein, Ramesh Kodavatiganti, B B Bruins, Brian Struyk, Luis Sequera-Ramos, Christopher Ward, Elizabeth Laverriere, Harshad Gurnaney, Eric Scheu, Heather Farrell, Paul Stricker, Pilar Castro, Angela Lee, Songyos Valairucha, Judit Szolnoki, Jennifer Zieg, Franklin B Chiao, Brad M Taicher, Jurgen C De Graaff, Nicholas M Dalesio, Robert S Greenberg, Angela R Lucero, Lillian Zamora, Allison Fernandez, Nada Mohamed, Stefano C Sabato, Christopher D Holmes, Somaletha T Bhattacharya, Jonathan Meserve, Paul I Reynolds, Bishr Haydar, Monica Weber, Megan Therrian, Martina Richtsfeld, Mark S Teen
Journal: The Lancet (2020)
Response to Tembhre <i>et al</i> .: ‘Enhanced expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in psoriatic skin and its upregulation in keratinocytes by interferon‐γ: implication of inflammatory milieu in skin tropism of SARS‐CoV‐2’
Authors: J.R. Gehlhausen, C.J. Ko, W. Damsky
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Linked Article:Tembhre et al. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:577–579.
Food banks and formula: maximising support for families in need
Authors: Rosie McNee, Erin Williams, Stephanie Maia, Kate Wishart
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Wise summarises the discussion around whether food banks should provide infant formula.1 In addition to current pathways for emergency provision of formula, we think that food and baby banks should be facilitated to safely provide first infant formula to formula fed babies experiencing food poverty, thus maximising the support available for families in need.

Unicef UK acknowledges that its guidance, which recommends against formula provision,23 is “interpreted wrongly.” Alternative provision routes have …
Implementing Group-Based Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Clinical Practice—Reply
Authors: Chantale Dumoulin, Licia Cacciari, Marie-Hélène Mayrand
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

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Poor Responsiveness to Low-Dose Aspirin Contributes to Persistent In Vivo Platelet Activation in Polycythemia Vera
Authors: Paola Ranalli, Giovanna Petrucci, Alfredo Dragani, Mauro Di Ianni, Paolo Di Bartolomeo, Viviana Cavalca, Benedetta Porro, Elena Tremoli, Carlo Patrono, Bianca Rocca
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract P273: Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Erythrocyte Membranes are Associated With Predictive Equations for Estimation of Cardiovascular Risk in Brazilian Individuals
Authors: Nila T Damasceno, Gustavo Gocalinho
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Although several mechanisms confirm the cardioprotective role of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), there is still controversy regarding its impact on cardiovascular outcomes. We hypothesized that the n-3 PUFA in erythrocytes membranes reflect better intake and metabolization of these fatty acids, allowing identify their cardiovascular benefits. Objective: To evaluate the association of the n-3 PUFA with cardiometabolic biomarkers and absolute cardiovascular risk. Methods: A crossectional study based on the baseline time of CARDIONUTRI clinical trial (n = 356) with individuals of both sexes (30-74 years) who showed at least one of the following risk factors: smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemias, diabetes mellitus or obesity, but without previous cardiovascular events, monitored by clinical evaluation and ECG. By direct interviews, information about demographic data, medication, blood pressure, diet, and physical activity were investigated by physician and dietician. After 12h of fasting, the lipid profile, lipoprotein sub fractions, LDL(-), glucose, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR and inflammation biomarkers were analyzed by standard and validated methods. After lipid extraction from erythrocytes, fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography using internal (C17) and external (FAME 37) standard. The 10-years projection of absolute cardiovascular risk was estimated by the Framingham (FRS), Reynolds (RRS) and ACC/AHA 2013 risk scores. Association between fatty acids, biomarkers and cardiovascular risk scores were performed by linear and logistic regression models and factorial analysis (SPSS v.20.0 and Stata v.14.0). Results: Individuals with n-3 PUFA &gt; 6.24% and n-6/n-3 ≤ 1.27 had less plasma non-HDL cholesterol, Apo B, TG, LDL(-) and highest LDL size. Regarding FRS, the total n-3 PUFA had association with lower cardiovascular risk (OR=0.811; IC95%=0.675- 0.976) and the membrane 1 model rich in n-6 was and poor in n-3 PUFA was associated with higher risk (OR=1.469; IC95%=1.056-2.043). Regarding RRS, the same membrane model was associated with higher risk (OR: 1.276; IC95%=1.010-1.612) while the opposite pattern was observed for membrane 2 model (rich in n-3 and poor in n-6 PUFA), had association with lower risk (OR=0,747; IC95%=0,589-0,948). Conclusion: High content of n-3 in erythrocyte membranes containing was associated with a lipid profile characterized by less plasma atherogenic lipoproteins, reduced TG and modified LDL. This profile was associated with reduced chance to be classified as moderate or higher cardiovascular risk by the Reynolds and Framingham Risk Scores.
Delivering human factors at Christmas: how does Father Christmas do it?
Authors: Peter A Brennan, Rachel S Oeppen
Journal: BMJ (2020)

During the festive period, Father Christmas (also known as Santa Claus, Saint Nicholas, and Kris Kringle) has the busiest 24 hours of his year delivering Christmas presents across the world. While this seems an insurmountable task, for him it’s all in a night’s work, facilitated by applying human factors (HF) in many areas.

However, as with healthcare, there is always room for reflection, learning, and improvement for the benefit of consumers.

Father Christmas is unique in having 364 days to prepare for an important job, and could be accused of taking work-life balance to the extreme. Even so, the Christmas task presents a considerable challenge, since staying awake for more than 18 hours leads to deterioration in cognitive function similar to being twice over the UK legal alcohol limit for driving.1

Quite how he manages to function safely at all remains a mystery given the customary glass of wine, sherry, or spirits left out for him by many households. It would be much better to leave a glass of water, as even small deficits in fluid …
GCT-45. YOLK SAC TUMOR IN THE CEREBELLAR VERMIS - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Saori Otake, Tomoo Matsutani, Yousuke Watanabe, Osamu Numata, Ryo Ando, Hidemasa Ochiai, Ikeda Junichiro, Yasuo Iwadate
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a non-germinomatous malignant germ cell tumor in a young child. It usually arises along a midline axis, mostly pineal region or suprasellar compartment, and it is exceedingly rare to locate in a cerebellar vermis. In the present report, we describe a case of a pure YST located in the cerebellar vermis and review the previous literature. A three-year-old boy visited a local clinic for gait disturbance and frequent vomiting. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a homogeneously-enhanced mass with a cystic component in his cerebellar vermis, and it resulted in hydrocephalus. By its location and his age, our pre-operative diagnosis was a medulloblastoma, and we performed a total resection of the tumor with ventricular drainage. Unexpectedly, the histological investigation revealed it to be a YST. We confirmed that the serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) had elevated at 3176.4 ng/ml in his preserved sample, obtained before the surgery, and it was consistent with the pathological diagnosis. He is receiving chemotherapy consisting of ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide, followed by radiation therapy. In this case, pre-operative MRI revealed that the tumor did not grow into the IVth ventricle in spite of midline location, which was not typical for medulloblastoma. Of note, serum AFP levels had increased, and they might contribute to a precise pre-operative diagnosis and be able to propose an alternative treatment plan, such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy to reduce surgical risk. As a conclusion, a YST should be considered even if it locates in a cerebellar vermis.
DDRE-32. ABC TRANSPORTERS RESTRICT THE BRAIN PENETRATION AND INTRACRANIAL EFFICACY OF ANTICANCER AGENTS EVEN WHEN BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER INTEGRITY IS LOST
Authors: Mark C de Gooijer, E Marleen Kemper, Levi C M Buil, Ceren H Çitirikkaya, Tessa Buckle, Jos H Beijnen, Olaf van Tellingen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract The impact of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in brain tumors on the efficacy of anticancer drug therapy is controversial. In primary as well as metastatic brain tumors, the BBB is often disrupted. Yet, many intracranial cancers respond poorly to systemic therapies. We characterized the integrity of the BBB in a series of experimental intracranial tumor models using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescent dyes and autoradiography. We also assessed the distribution and efficacy of docetaxel in healthy brain tissue and brain tumors that were grafted into P-glycoprotein (P-gp) proficient wild-type (WT) and deficient Abcb1a/b-/- recipient nude mice. Leakiness of the tumor vasculature varied from extensive to almost absent. Tumor blood vessels expressed P-gp and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). The leakiness of the vasculature resulted in higher docetaxel levels in tumors compared to normal brain. However, P-gp expression in tumor vessels reduced the drug distribution in tumors, which also translated into a reduced efficacy. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that leakiness of the BBB does not necessarily imply good accessibility to brain tumors of drugs that are substrates of P-gp and/or BCRP. Although therapeutic responses may be observed, the full potential of such therapeutics can still be attenuated by drug efflux pumps in the tumor vasculature. Therefore, only BBB-penetrable drugs with low to no affinity for efflux transporters should be considered for treatment of intracranial tumors.
Abstract 15807: Decreases in Coronary Vasodilator Reserve Increases the Risk for Heart Failure
Authors: Vahagn A Ohanyan, Liya Yin, Lindsay Shockling, Molly Enrick, Christopher Kolz, Thomas Pucci, Taylor Elder, William M Chilian
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction and Goal: The Women’s Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) trial observed that women with compromised vasodilator reserve, in the absence of obstructive coronary disease, have an increa...
Diseases of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Oliver Cope
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

TumorsLumps in the thyroid gland are a problem commonly plaguing the physician. It is not merely that these lumps are unsightly or press on neighboring structures; these aspects of the problem can easily be solved. They are a problem because although the majority of them are innocent involutional bodies an occasional one is a malignant tumor. They are a problem because it is not yet known, short of exposing it at operation, how to ascertain whether or not a lump harbors a malignant lesion or a lesion that may become malignant. To make decision more difficult, clinicians do not . . .