tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Medical Aspects of the Modern “Sky Scraper.”
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Addison's Disease
Authors: W. Tibbles
Journal: BMJ (1905)

As the disease is said to be associated with changes in the pituitary boiy, it is just possible that the early fracture of the frontal bone may have had some bearing on the local condi- tion either by reflexly damaging that organ or by causing some obscure changes in its growth.The two photographs and tracing of the toes of the left foot will give a fair idea of his local condition.
Carl Jung
Authors: R. A. Kyle
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Physicians should be prepared to provide prophylactic medications for travelers to malarious areas and to treat patients with malaria. Chloroquine hydrochloride is the suppressive agent of choice for treatment of mild infections due to all species of malaria except for those due to chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. For treatment of severe infections with P falciparum and for treatment of all infections due to chloroquine-resistant strains of P falciparum quinine is the suppressive agent of choice. Chloroquine is also the prophylactic agent of choice for most travelers. To prevent infection with P vivax or P ovale, primaquine must also be given. A RBC glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase level should be obtained before administration of primaquine. For prophylaxis of chloroquine-resistant strains of P falciparum, no completely satisfactory regime is presently available in the United States.
THE PARAMOUNT QUESTION.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The role of the physician in driver licensing
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A remembrance of Blair
Authors: M. H. Parrott
Journal: JAMA (1980)

MY FIRST association with Blair Henningsgaard, MD, was in organized medicine at the state level in the year 1957. He represented Clatsop County on the Oregon State Medical Society Board of Trustees and was soon to become the Speaker of the Oregon House of Delegates. I became president of the Oregon State Medical Society from 1960 to 1961, and Blair followed in the succeeding term. This brought us into a close personal relationship and friendship that endured until his death in August 1980. During our early association Oregon set up an action group, which became known as the Oregon Medical Political Action Committee (OMPAC). This was done either slightly ahead of or simultaneously with the American Medical Association's establishment of American Medical Political Action Committee (AMPAC). As state medical society officers, Blair and I were primary instigators of this activity, and each served about five years on the initial board
Generalized Vaccinia
Authors: W. H. Galloway, L. M. McBean
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Laboratory Findings on Admission.-Hb24% (3.55 g.); W.B.C., 25,000 per c.mm. (segmented polymorphs 63%, metamyelocytes-band forms 3%, lymphocytes 26%, mono- cytes 8%); the red cells showed anisocytosis and poly- chromasia and nuclear remnants; 15 normoblasts were counted per 100 W.B.C.s; platelets plentiful; reticulocytes, 11%; Race-Coombs test; both the direct and the indirect were negative.The blood serum was dark brown in colour and showed spectroscopically typical bands of methaemo- globin.Schumm's test was positive.Fragility test of the red cells was normal.The urine was light red in colour and contained free haemoglobin and granular casts, but no red blood cells.A diagnosis of acute haemolytic anaemia was made and treatment with whole blood transfusion, 2 pints (1,140 ml.), was immediately started together with cortisone, 12.5 mg.six-hourly, by mouth, for six days.Thereafter he made a gradual but uneventful recovery, the haemoglobin level gradually climbed to 95% (14 g.) by February 3, and the only abnormality remaining in the urine on discharge was a slight trace of albumin.It is interesting to note that the child had received a small amount of sulphadimidine five months before, without any apparent ill effect, and this substantiates the theory of sensi- tization.
Abstract 327: Attenuated Beta-Adrenergic Response in the Tric-a Knock Out Mice
Authors: Yuichi Toyama, Manabu Yonekura, Chong Han, Hirofumi Tomita, Hiroshi Takeshima, Manabu Murakami
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Trimeric intracellular cation (TRIC) channels are expressed on the surface of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and regulate calcium release from ryanodine receptors (RyRs). In a previous study, Tric-a knock out (KO) mice showed diminished calcium release from RyRs following increased calcium-influx via L-type calcium channels, which results in enhanced vascular resistance and non-dipper type hypertension. Decreased activation of RyR1 by PKA in skeletal myocytes in Tric-a KO mice is also known. However, physiological importance of TRIC channels on cardiac rhythm formation and its importance on the sympathetic nerve regulation are still obscure. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effects of Tric-a ablation on cardiac pace making using Tric-a KO mice. We measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) with tail-cuff method, ECG and spontaneous action potential with microelectrode in the Tric-a KO and wild type (WT) mice. Isoproterenol or propranolol was used for sympathetic nerve manipulation. Furthermore, we evaluated heart rate variability (HRV). Tric-a KO mice tended to show limited responses to isoproterenol (0.3 mg/kg) than the WT mice (-27 ± 6 and -32 ± 6 mmHg, n = 10, p =0.70), and to propranolol (4 ± 6 and 13 ± 7 mmHg, n = 5~6, p =0.48). In ECG analysis, ablation of Tric-a gene resulted in significantly decreased heart rate changes to isoproterenol (23 ± 6 and 99 ± 15 bpm, Tric-a KO and WT mice, respectively, n = 9~10, p &lt;0.001). Response to propranolol was also significantly decreased in the Tric-a KO mice (-28 ± 20 and -122 ± 14 bpm, Tric-a KO and WT mice, respectively, n = 9~10, p &lt;0.001). In the action potential recordings, Tric-a KO mice showed significantly decreased sinus rate changes to 1 microM isoproterenol (35 ± 9 and 71 ± 10 bpm, Tric-a KO and WT mice, respectively, n = 6~8, p &lt;0.05). In HRV analysis, low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio tended to be lower in the Tric-a KO mice than the WT mice under the administration of isoproterenol (0.22 ± 0.31 and 0.65 ± 0.16 bpm, Tric-a KO and WT mice, respectively, n = 9~11, p =0.16), suggesting lower sympathetic nerve tonus in the Tric-a KO mice. In conclusion, our data indicates that Tric-a KO mice showed attenuated responses to beta-adrenergic stimulus, which indicates involvement of TRIC-A channels in sympathetic nerve regulation.
Endoscopic assessment of oesophageal disease.
Authors: Peter Masters
Journal: BMJ (1980)

adults.Although vaccination of babies would be expected to increase the proportion of cases of mumps occurring in adults the absolute numbers would certainly fall if a high acceptance rate of vaccination were achieved.The need for a booster in late childhood, particularly in boys, could be met at high school at the same time as girls are given rubella immunisation.The disparity between the UK and the USA in attitudes to immunisation is curious and disturbing.
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1949)

EDICBM JOURNAL initially 1.5 g., followed by 1.5 g. four-hourly for two to three days; 1 g.four-hourly for the next two days; 1 g.six-hourly for a final two days.(b) Sulphaguanidine, succinylsulphathiazole, and phthalyl-
Abstract 142: Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of a Newly Developed Automated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Device; A Porcine Cardiac Arrest Model
Authors: Ki Hong Kim, Sang Do Shin, Tae Han Kim, Ki Jeong Hong, Seong Wook Choi, Seong Min Kang, Gyeong Jun Song, Sung Wook Song, Eui Jung Lee, Seon Yeong Lee, Yu Seong Lee, Jin Hyung Park
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Various automated compression device (ACD) have been adopted by emergency medical services (EMS) worldwide to ensure cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality. We developed a new ACD with a manual adjustment function according to compression depth and rate. This study aimed to compare the CPR quality and chest injury caused between the new ACD and a conventional device (LUCAS, Physio-Control, Sweden). Methods: A randomized experimental trial using each eight pigs for ACD and Lucas group were performed to compare the CPR quality, outcomes, and safety. After 1-minute of untreated electrical-induced ventricular fibrillation, followed by 8-minutes of basic life support, and 20-minutes of advanced cardiac life support including epinephrine infusion were provided under mechanical ventilation. Hemodynamic parameters were obtained and observed end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) were continuously measured from endotracheal tube as study outcome. Mixed model analysis and repeated measure ANOVA were used to compare the difference of hemodynamic parameters and observed ETCO2. We examined the all pigs for gross pathologic findings (number of lung contusion, laceration, bone fracture, and hematoma in the thoracic cavity) after CPR procedures through open thoracotomy. Results: There was no significant difference for hemodynamic parameters such as mean arterial pressure, 29.4 mmHg in ACD group versus 35.3 mmHg in Lucas group (p-value= 0.39). Observed ETCO2 between ACD and Lucas group were 18.0 and 26.8 mmHg (p-value=0.24). Repeated measure ANOVA for observed ETCO2 did not show significant difference (17.6 versus 26.0, p-value= 0.29). The gross pathologic findings through open thoracotomy examination after CPR showed insignificant difference of injury number in chest cavity and wall (7.63 versus 9.38, p-value= 0.49). Conclusions: Hemodynamic parameters and observed ETCO2 were slightly better in Lucas group than new ACD group. However, the statistical significances were not found in the porcine experimental mechanical models.
Abstract 17033: Comparative Effectiveness of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance, Capacitance, and Resistance-Capacitance Time in the ESCAPE Trial
Authors: Nora Tolbert, Kenneth Bilchick, Alex Parker, James Bergin, Sula Mazimba
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Right ventricular (RV) function portends adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF). Markers of RV load include pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), pulmonary capacitance (PC), and the Resistance-Capacitance Time (RCT), a product of PVR and PC. The impact of changes in these indices during hemodynamic optimization is unknown. Hypothesis: PVR, PC and RCT after therapy and changes in these indices during therapy would be differentially associated with outcomes in the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization (PAC) Effectiveness (ESCAPE) trial. Methods: Using Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan Meier survival analysis, we analyzed associations of PVR, PC, and RCT indices with the outcomes of death, transplantation, and left ventricular assist device (DTxLVAD) and a combined rehospitalization outcome (DTxLVADH) during 6 months follow-up. Results: Among 138 patients (age 56.9 ± 13.6 years, 30.4% female), PVR at the end of therapy was associated with increased DTxLVAD (HR 1.28 per 1 W.U. increase; 95% CI 1.11-1.47; P=0.0007), and final PC was associated with a decreased DTxLVAD (HR 0.60 per unit PC increase; 95% CI 0.41-0.87; P=0.0007). The final RCT was not associated with DTxLVAD (HR 0.70; CI 0.48-1.03; P=0.07). Changes in PVR during therapy (median -0.38 W.U.; IQR -1.57 to 0.62 W.U.) were associated with increased rehospitalization (DTxLVADH) during follow-up (HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.02-1.25; P=0.02). In a binary analysis, patients with an increase in PVR &gt; 0.1 W.U. during therapy had a trend for more DTxLVADH events (log-rank P=0.058; Figure). Changes in PVR and PC during therapy were not associated with survival. Conclusions: Final PVR and PAC measurements but not changes in these parameters during therapy were associated with survival, although changes in PVR during therapy were associated with rehospitalization. More studies are needed to understand the utility of RV load parameters in HF therapy.
Haemoptysis
Authors: R. N. Johnston, W. Lockhart, R. T. Ritchie, D. H. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1960)

METABOLISM OF STRONTIUMintegral dose to bone would be from two to four times greater in children than in adults purely as a result of the higher concentration of the radioactive dose in the smaller juvenile skeleton.It is possible that the higher rate of remodelling in the youthful skeleton as compared with the adult would contribute to a higher rate of removal of the radioactive dose in children. Summary'The daily urinary and faecal excretion of strontium and calcium for four children between the ages of 41 and 14-years has been measured over an initial period of seven or eight consecutive days immediately before an oral dose of about 100 mg. of strontium (as strontium chloride) taken at breakfast-time.Subsequently, the daily urine and faecal excretion of strontium and calcium was estimated over a period of from 12 to 18 days and the net retention of the dose deduced.The results are compared with the excretion of an oral dose of strontium by adults from this unit.The mean, cumulative, urinary excretion of a single oral dose of strontium was about 3 % for the children up to 16 days after the dose, with the exception of a boy 141 years old.The corresponding faecal excretion was about 78% of the dose.The respective excretions, over a similar period, for adults were 19% and 64% of the dose.Thus the retention (dose-excretion) up to 16 days after the dose was not significantly different in the two age-groups.An attempt made to compare values derived for the overall discrimination of strontium relative to calcium in children and adults tends to show.that it is rather higher in children.Our th-anks' are due to Drs.J. F. Loutit and R. H. Mole for their continued interest and most helpful advice in the course of this work.
Patient derived tumor xenograft study with CDK4/6 inhibitor plus AKT inhibitor for management of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Adam McLain Kase, Winston Tan, Justyna Gleba, James Miller, Nathalie Meurice, Joachim Petit, John A. Copland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

176 Background: Despite androgen deprivation therapy, prostate cancer will develop resistance known as castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Androgen signaling is associated with pathways that influence cell proliferation and survival via cell cycle regulation. AR signaling results in inactivation of Rb tumor suppressor by way of AKT and reduction in intrinsic CDK4/6 inhibitors. Since PTEN loss is found in 40% of mCRPC and AKT pathway is a mechanism of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance, we hypothesize adding an AKT inhibitor to a CDK4/6 inhibitor will have synergistic activity while delaying CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance. Preclinical xenografts have been shown to recapitulate patient response, therefore, can be used to guide clinical trials using novel combinations. Methods: We have established patient derived tumor xenograft models (GUR-017M, TMA-027 and PRJ-88T) from patients with mCRPC with each having a unique genomic alteration profile. In the clinical setting, GUR-017M was resistant to abiraterone, enzalutamide, cabazitaxel and had exposure to docetaxel. TMA-027 and PRJ-88T were resistant to enzalutamide. We combined a CDK4/6 inhibitor with an AKT inhibitor and treated each of these patient tumors in NOD-SCID mice for a total duration of 40 days. Mice were implanted and separated into 4 groups (placebo, CDK4/6 inhibitor, AKT inhibitor and CDK4/6 + AKT inhibitor) with 10-13 mice in each group. Tumor volumes were measured twice a week. For GUR-017M, abemaciclib (50 mg/kg) was combined with MK2206 (120 mg/kg) and was compared to each placebo and each single agent alone. For TMA-027, palbociclib (50 mg/kg) was combined with ipatasertib (50 mg/kg). After 40 days, tumors were harvested for immunohistochemistry analysis. PRJ-88T was grown as 3D spheroids in ultra-low attachment plates and treated with palbociclib + ipatasertib (10 uM-100uM) to evaluate for synergy. Results: GUR-017M and TMA-027 showed significant delayed tumor growth compared to placebo or either single agent alone. In the GUR-017M group, the final mean tumor volume for the combination group was 149 mm 3 , compared to 377 mm 3 (abemaciclib), 358 mm 3 (MK2206) and 527 mm 3 placebo group, representing a percent decrease compared to control by 72%, 29%, and 32%, respectively. For TMA-027, the final mean tumor volume for the combination group was 102 mm 3 , compared to 259 mm 3 (palbociclib), 416 mm 3 (ipatasertib), and 402 mm 3 placebo group, representing a percent decrease compared to control by 75%, 36%, and 4%, respectively. PRJ-88T 3D spheroids showed synergy with palbociclib + ipatasertib. In vivo experiments using PRJ-88T are in progress. Conclusions: The preclinical results show combining CDK4/6 inhibitors with AKT inhibitors is a promising treatment strategy and provides the basis for a clinical trial in patients with mCRPC.
The effect of social deprivation on the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 infection in France: a population-based analysis
Authors: Stéphanie Vandentorren, Sabira Smaïli, Edouard Chatignoux, Marine Maurel, Caroline Alleaume, Lola Neufcourt, Michelle Kelly-Irving, Cyrille Delpierre
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

Data on health inequalities related to the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 infection in France are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between an area-based deprivation indicator and SARS-CoV-2 incidence, positivity, and testing rates between May 2020 and April 2021.We analysed data reported to the Système d'Information de Dépistage Populationnel surveillance system between May 14, 2020 and April 29, 2021, which records the results of all SARS-CoV-2 tests in France. Residential addresses of tested individuals were geocoded to retrieve the associated aggregated units for the statistical information (IRIS) scale, corresponding to an area comprising 2000 inhabitants relatively homogenous in terms of socioeconomic characteristics. A social deprivation score was assigned to each area using the European Deprivation Index (EDI). We fitted negative binomial generalised additive models to model the age-standardised and sex-standardised ratios for SARS-CoV-2 incidence, positivity rates, and testing rates, and to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% CIs of their association with EDI quintiles, using the first quintile (least deprived) as the reference category, adjusted for week, population density, and region.Analyses were based on 70 990 478 SARS-CoV-2 tests, of which 5 000 972 were positive. SARS-CoV-2 incidence was higher in the most deprived areas than the least deprived areas (IRR 1·148 [95% CI 1·138-1·158]) and positivity rates were also higher (IRR 1·283 [1·273-1·294]), whereas testing rates were lower in the most deprived areas than the least deprived areas (IRR 0·905 [0·904-0·907]). SARS-CoV-2 incidence and positivity rates remained higher in the most deprived areas than the least deprived areas during the second and third national lockdowns, and variation in testing rate was observed according to population density.Our results highlight a positive social gradient between deprivation and the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, with the highest risk among individuals living in the most deprived areas and a negative social gradient for testing rate. These findings might reflect structural barriers to health-care access in France and lower capacity of deprived populations to benefit from protective measures.None.
Substituting diagnostic services
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several of the assumptions by Eisenberg et al<sup>1</sup>cast doubt on the validity of their conclusions that new diagnostic methods do not displace, but rather are performed in addition to, older methods. I question the appropriateness of comparing the radionuclide brain scan to brain computed tomography (CT). A more valid study would compare the incidence of pneumoencephalography and cerebral angiography (the primary neuroimaging studies of the pre-CT era) in 1974 with their incidences in 1980. Pneumoencephalography was performed daily in the preCT era in institutions with active neurology and neurosurgery practices; it was completely discarded within 5 to 6 years of the introduction of CT. The incidence of cerebral angiography has also declined dramatically since the advent of CT. The period studied, 1978 through 1980, was one of rapid change in the capabilities of both CT and ultrasound devices. Many of the devices in use then