tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Daily Exposure to Mild Intermittent Hypoxia Reduces Blood Pressure in Male Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension
Authors: Gino S. Panza, Shipra Puri, Ho-Sheng Lin, M. Safwan Badr, Jason H. Mateika
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Rationale: Daily exposure to mild intermittent hypoxia (MIH) may elicit beneficial cardiovascular outcomes. Objectives: To determine the effect of 15 days of MIH and in-home continuous positive airway pressure treatment on blood pressure in participants with obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension. Methods: We administered MIH during wakefulness 5 days/week for 3 weeks. The protocol consisted of twelve 2-minute bouts of hypoxia interspersed with 2 minutes of normoxia. End-tidal carbon dioxide was maintained 2 mm Hg above baseline values throughout the protocol. Control participants were exposed to a sham protocol (i.e., compressed air). All participants were treated with continuous positive airway pressure over the 3-week period. Results are mean ± SD. Measurements and Main Results: Sixteen male participants completed the study (experimental n = 10; control n = 6). Systolic blood pressure at rest during wakefulness over 24 hours was reduced after 15 days of MIH (142.9 ± 8.6 vs. 132.0 ± 10.7 mm Hg; P < 0.001), but not following the sham protocol (149.9 ± 8.6 vs. 149.7 ± 10.8 mm Hg; P = 0.915). Thus, the reduction in blood pressure from baseline was greater in the experimental group compared with control (−10.91 ± 4.1 vs. −0.17 ± 3.6 mm Hg; P = 0.003). Modifications in blood pressure were accompanied by increased parasympathetic and reduced sympathetic activity in the experimental group, as estimated by blood pressure and heart rate variability analysis. No detrimental neurocognitive and metabolic outcomes were evident following MIH. Conclusions: MIH elicits beneficial cardiovascular and autonomic outcomes in males with OSA and concurrent hypertension. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03736382).
Case 6-2022: A 68-Year-Old Man with Fatigue, Weight Loss, and Hyperglycemia
Authors: Jonathan R Wing, Allison Kimball, Michelle Rengarajan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

A 68-year-old man with metastatic melanoma was evaluated in the oncology clinic because of fatigue and weight loss. Hypothyroidism had been noted 4 months earlier; increased thirst and nocturia had developed 2 weeks earlier. The blood glucose level was 505 mg per deciliter (reference range, 70 to 110). Management decisions were made.
Anti–PD-1 Efficacy in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Associates with Intratumoral Juxtaposition of T Helper-Type 1 and CD8+ T cells
Authors: Maud Rijnders, Hayri E. Balcioglu, Debbie G.J. Robbrecht, Astrid A.M. Oostvogels, Rebecca Wijers, Maureen J.B. Aarts, Paul Hamberg, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders, J. Alberto Nakauma-González, Jens Voortman, Hans M. Westgeest, Joost L. Boormans, Ronald de Wit, Martijn P. Lolkema, Astrid A.M. van der Veldt, Reno Debets
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

PD-1 inhibition results in durable antitumor responses in a proportion of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). The majority of patients, however, do not experience clinical benefit. In this study, we aimed to identify early changes in T-cell subsets that underlie anti-PD-1 efficacy in patients with mUC.Paired samples were collected from peripheral blood, plasma, and metastatic lesions of 56 patients with mUC at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 after initiating pembrolizumab treatment (200 mg intravenously, every 3 weeks). Samples were analyzed using multiplex flow cytometry, ELISA, and in situ stainings, including cellular network analysis. Treatment response was evaluated as best overall response according to RECIST v1.1, and patients were classified as responder (complete or partial response) or nonresponder (progressive disease).In responders, baseline fractions of CD4+ T cells expressing cosignaling receptors were higher compared with nonresponders. The fraction of circulating PD-1+ CD4+ T cells decreased at weeks 6 and 12, whereas the fraction of 4-1BB+ CD28+ CD4+ T cells increased at week 12. In metastatic lesions of responders, the baseline density of T helper-type 1 (Th1) cells, defined as T-bet+ CD4+ T cells, was higher as compared to non-responders. Upon treatment, Th1 cells became localized in close proximity to CD8+ T cells, CD11b+ myeloid cells, and tumor cells.A decrease in the fraction of circulating PD-1+ CD4+ T cells, and juxtaposition of Th1, CD8+, and myeloid cells was associated with response to anti-PD-1 treatment in patients with mUC.
The effect of deforestation and climate change on all-cause mortality and unsafe work conditions due to heat exposure in Berau, Indonesia: a modelling study
Authors: Nicholas H Wolff, Lucas R Vargas Zeppetello, Luke A Parsons, Ike Aggraeni, David S Battisti, Kristie L Ebi, Edward T Game, Timm Kroeger, Yuta J Masuda, June T Spector
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2021)

BackgroundPrevious studies focusing on urban, industrialised regions have found that excess heat exposure can increase all-cause mortality, heat-related illnesses, and occupational injuries. However, little research has examined how deforestation and climate change can adversely affect work conditions and population health in low latitude, industrialising countries.MethodsFor this modelling study we used data at 1 km2 resolution to compare forest cover and temperature conditions in the Berau regency, Indonesia, between 2002 and 2018. We used spatially explicit satellite, climate model, and population data to estimate the effects of global warming, between 2002 and 2018 and after applying 1·0°C, 1·5°C, and 2·0°C of global warming to 2018 temperatures, on all-cause mortality and unsafe work conditions in the Berau regency, Indonesia.FindingsBetween 2002 and 2018, 4375 km2 of forested land in Berau was cleared, corresponding to approximately 17% of the entire regency. Deforestation increased mean daily maximum temperatures by 0·95°C (95% CI 0·97–0·92; p<0·0001). Mean daily temperatures increased by a population-weighted 0·86°C, accounting for an estimated 7·3–8·5% of all-cause mortality (or 101–118 additional deaths per year) in 2018. Unsafe work time increased by 0·31 h per day (95% CI 0·30–0·32; p<0·0001) in deforested areas compared to 0·03 h per day (0·03–0·04; p<0·0001) in areas that maintained forest cover. With 2·0°C of additional future global warming, relative to 2018, deforested areas could experience an estimated 17–20% increase in all-cause mortality (corresponding to an additional 236–282 deaths per year) and up to 5 h of unsafe work per day.InterpretationHeat exposure from deforestation and climate change has already started affecting populations in low latitude, industrialising countries, and future global warming indicates substantial health impacts in these regions. Further research should examine how deforestation is currently affecting the health and wellbeing of local communities.FundingUniversity of Washington Population Health Initiative.TranslationFor the Bahasa translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Abstract EP54: Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics: Are They Just Cardiovascular Protective Factors?
Authors: Rongchong Huang, Weihua Chen, Shanshan Shi, Yizhou Jiang, Kaihong Chen
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: The American Heart Association (AHA) proposed the concept of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality. However, the overall CVH status is still unsatisfactory. We attempted to contribute to AHA 2030 goals by identifying the relationship between CVH and non-cardiovascular diseases such as sarcopenia. Methods: We analyzed data on 3311 adults &gt; 20 years of age from the NHANES 2011-2018. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest for gender-specific sarcopenia index cut-off values. CVH was categorized as inadequate, average, or optimum. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess the association between CVH and sarcopenia. Results: This cohort study involving 3,311 adults &gt; 20 years comprised 1329 females (42.4%). The number of intermediate or ideal and poor CVH participants was 1719 and 1592 with mean CVH score of 9.3 ± 0.1 and 5.43 ± 0.1, respectively. After adjusting for related confounding factors, intermediate or ideal CVH was associated with a risk reduction of sarcopenia than poor CVH (aOR: 0.39, 95% CI; 0.22-0.69, P &lt; 0.001) and the risk of sarcopenia was significantly lower for each incremental increase of 1 in CVH metrics (aOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.70-0.83, P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, if the number of ideal CVH metrics was &gt; 5, the risk of sarcopenia decreased by up to 85% (aOR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06-0.38, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a relationship between the CVH and the prevalence of sarcopenia in adults. Our analysis confirms that CVH extends beyond protection against cardiovascular disease. The results of our study can contribute to achieving the 2030 public health goal of achieving CVH for all, which may be supported by efforts to reduce the prevalence of sarcopenia.
Abstract MP66: Prediabetes, Diabetes By Age Of Onset And Subsequent Risk Of Dementia
Authors: Jiaqi Hu, James R Pike, Pamela L Lutsey, A R Sharrett, Lynne E Wagenknecht, Timothy M Hughes, Jesse C Seegmiller, Rebecca F Gottesman, Thomas Mosley, Josef Coresh, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Objective: To characterize the direct and indirect association of prediabetes with dementia risk and to examine the age at diabetes onset and subsequent risk of dementia. Methods: At baseline (1990-1992), prediabetes was defined based on HbA1C 5.7-6.4% among people without a history of diagnosed diabetes or medication use for diabetes; diabetes was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis or diabetes medication use or HbA1C level of 6.5% or greater. Incident diabetes with the same definition during the follow-up was included as a time-varying variable. Incident dementia was ascertained using surveillance, interviews and adjudication. Survival analysis used age as the time scale using an origin at age 50 and left and right censoring. Adjustment models included sex, race, education, APOE, BMI, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and hypertension. Results: Among the 13,388 participants, 2314 (17.3%) had prediabetes and 1798 (13.4%) had diabetes at baseline. Before adjusting for incident diabetes, the adjusted hazard ratios of dementia were 2.35 (95% CI: 1.99, 2.76) and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.25) for diabetes and prediabetes compared to no diabetes in the fully adjusted model. After adding incident diabetes, the excess risk of dementia for prediabetes decreased by ~50% and the association was not significant. The relative hazards of dementia were 3.16 (95% CI: 2.15, 4.66), 1.64 (95% CI: 1.36, 1.97), 1.29 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.47) and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.28) for diabetes with age onset at &lt; 60, 60-69, 70-79 and 80-93, respectively (Table). Conclusion: Midlife diabetes and prediabetes are associated with excess hazard of dementia and death. Earlier age of onset of diabetes shows a strong dose response with higher dementia hazard. Much of the risk of dementia in pre-diabetes is explained by intervening incidence of clinical diabetes. Dementia prevention efforts would benefit from preventing or delaying the progression of prediabetes to diabetes.
A Potential Path to Universal Coverage With Medicare Advantage for All
Authors: Adam Gaffney, David U. Himmelstein, Steffie Woolhandler
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FDG PET/CT in Dendritic Fibromyxolipoma of the Thigh
Authors: Xia Ji, Shensheng Nian, Yushu Bai, Aisheng Dong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Dendritic fibromyxolipoma is a rare recently described benign soft tissue tumor, which may be misinterpreted histologically as myxoid liposarcoma or myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. We describe FDG PET/CT and MRI findings of a dendritic fibromyxolipoma incidentally detected in a case with rectal adenocarcinoma. The dendritic fibromyxolipoma showed inhomogeneous FDG uptake with SUVmax of 4.0 mimicking malignancy.
Vaccine-Related Lymph Nodes
Authors: Loic Ah-Thiane, Ludovic Ferrer, Bruno Maucherat, Vincent Fleury, Maelle Le Thiec, Daniela Rusu, Caroline Rousseau
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Purpose Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently under worldwide deployment. The consequences of this vaccination can be seen in radiology and nuclear medicine explorations with visualization of axillary lymph nodes (LNs), as observed on ultrasonography, MRI, or 18 F-FDG PET/CT. We aimed to evaluate on PET/CT the incidence of vaccine-related LNs and their characteristics after COVID-19 vaccination, using several radiopharmaceuticals different from 18 F-FDG. Patients and Methods Between February and July 2021, all consecutive patients undergoing a whole-body PET/CT for any indication using a different radiopharmaceutical from 18 F-FDG were eligible for inclusion if they had received at least 1 dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The radiopharmaceutical administered and vaccine type were recorded for each patient. The incidence of positive vaccine-related axillary and supraclavicular LNs on PET/CT was our primary finding, along with the nodes characteristics. Statistical analyses were performed for patients with prostate cancer (PCa) to determine certain interaction factors that were associated with the detection of vaccine-related LNs. Results Of the 226 patients in our cohort study, 120 patients underwent an 18 F-fluorocholine PET/CT, 79 a 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, 6 an 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT, and 21 a 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT. A total of 67.3% of patients (152/226) received BNT162b2mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech), 26.5% (60/226) ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca), 4.9% (11/226) mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and 1.3% (3/226) Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen). The incidence of positive vaccine-related axillary and supraclavicular LNs was 42.5% (51/120 patients) on PET/CT using 18 F-fluorocholine and 12.7% (10/79 patients) with 68 Ga-PSMA-11. None of our patients undergoing 18 F-FDOPA or 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT presented any vaccine-related lymphadenopathy. Vaccine-related LNs were statistically associated with the nature of the radiopharmaceutical ( P &lt; 10 −4 ), with the number of vaccine doses received ( P = 0.041), with a short delay between vaccination and PET/CT realization ( P &lt; 10 −5 ), and with a higher prostate-specific antigen level for patients with PCa ( P = 0.032), but not with age or vaccine type. The vaccine-related nodes appeared in 85% of the cases, in the 30 days after vaccine injection, were limited in size and uptake, and were most often limited to the axilla level 1 area. Conclusions Detecting positive LNs after COVID-19 vaccination is not an exclusive 18 F-FDG PET/CT pattern but is common on 18 F-fluorocholine and possible on 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. Confronting PET/CT findings with clinical data (such as date and site of injection) seems essential in the current pandemic context, just as it does for the radiopharmaceuticals used in PCa to avoid PET/CT misinterpretation and incorrect patient treatment. For 18 F-FDOPA or 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT, this seems to have a lesser impact.
PATH-48. RAPID-CNS2: RAPID COMPREHENSIVE ADAPTIVE NANOPORE-SEQUENCING OF CNS TUMORS, A PROOF OF CONCEPT STUDY
Authors: Areeba Patel, Helin Dogan, Alexander Payne, Philipp Sievers, Natalie Schoebe, Daniel Schrimpf, Damian Stichel, Nadine Holmes, Philipp Euskirchen, Jürgen Hench, Stephan Frank, Violaine Rosenstiel-Goidts, Christoph Dieterich, Christel Herold-Mende, Stefan Pfister, Wolfgang Wick, Matthias Schlesner, Matthew Loose, David Jones, Andreas von Deimling, Martin Sill, Felix Sahm
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND The WHO classification 2021 includes multiple molecular markers for routine diagnostics in addition to histology. Sequencing setup for complete molecular profiling requires considerable investment, while batching samples for sequencing and methylation profiling can delay turnaround time. We introduce RAPID-CNS2, a nanopore adaptive sequencing pipeline that enables comprehensive mutational, methylation and copy number profiling of CNS tumours with a single third generation sequencing assay. It can be run for single samples and offers highly flexible target selection requiring no additional library preparation. METHODS Utilising ReadFish, a toolkit enabling targeted nanopore sequencing, we sequenced DNA from 22 diffuse glioma patient samples on a MinION device. Target regions comprised our Heidelberg brain tumour NGS panel and pre-selected CpG sites for methylation classification by an adapted random forest classifier. Pathognomonic alterations, copy number profiles, and methylation classes were called using a custom bioinformatics pipeline. Results were compared to their corresponding NGS panel-seq and EPIC array outputs. RESULTS Complete concordance with the EPIC array was found for copy number profiles from RAPID-CNS2. 94% pathognomonic mutations were congruent with NGS panel-seq. MGMT promoter status was correctly identified in all samples. Methylation families were detected with 96% congruence. Among the alterations decisive for rendering a classification-compatible integrated diagnosis, 97% of the alterations were consistent over the entire cohort (completely congruent in 19/22 cases and sufficient for unequivocal diagnosis in all). CONCLUSIONS RAPID-CNS2 provides a swift and highly flexible alternative to conventional NGS and array- based methods for SNV/Indel analysis, detection of copy number alterations and methylation classification. The turnaround time of ~4 days can be further shortened to &amp;lt; 12h by altering target sizes. It offers a low-capital approach that would be cost-efficient for low throughput settings and invaluable in cases requiring immediate diagnoses.
Association between BNT162b2 or CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines and major adverse cardiovascular events among individuals with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Xuxiao Ye, Tiantian Ma, Joseph E Blais, Vincent K C Yan, Wei Kang, Celine S L Chui, Francisco T T Lai, Xue Li, Eric Y F Wan, Carlos K H Wong, Hung Fat Tse, Chung Wah Siu, Ian C K Wong, Esther W Chan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2022)

Concern about the cardiovascular safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may lead to vaccine hesitancy. We sought to assess the association between two COVID-19 vaccines, BNT162b2 and CoronaVac, and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in individuals with established CVD.
Trends in leading causes of hospitalisation of adults with diabetes in England from 2003 to 2018: an epidemiological analysis of linked primary care records
Authors: Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard, Yiling J Cheng, James Bennett, Eszter P Vamos, Bin Zhou, Jonathan Valabhji, Amanda J Cross, Majid Ezzati, Edward W Gregg
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2021)
Phase 1/2a Clinical Trial of BI-1206, a Monoclonal Antibody to Fcγriib, in Combination with Rituximab in Subjects with Indolent B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma That Has Relapsed or Is Refractory to Rituximab
Authors: Ingrid Karlsson, Susanne Gertsson, Suzanne Kilany, Marie Borggren, Pau Abrisqueta, Ana Carneiro, Raul Cordoba, Hans Hagberg, Mats Jerkeman, Santiago Mercadal, Jonathon B. Cohen, Juan-Manuel Sancho, Ingrid Teige, Linda Mårtensson, Björn Frendéus, Andres McAllister
Journal: Blood (2021)
Benign Bone Cyst Mimicking Bone Metastasis Demonstrated on 68Ga-FAPI
Authors: Serkan Gungor, Nalan Alan Selçuk
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

A 59-year-old woman with lobular breast cancer was referred to nuclear medicine department for a 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT study after completion of treatment to rule out the possibility of metastatic disease. It revealed a lytic lesion showing increased FAPI accumulation in the right acetabulum, highly suspicious for bone metastasis. In comparison to an initial 18F-FDG PET/CT study done 2 years before, the lytic lesion showing no FDG uptake in the right acetabulum remained unchanged, and the findings were consistent with bone cyst. This case highlighted that benign bone cyst may demonstrate increased 68Ga-FAPI uptake mimicking bone metastasis on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT.
No way around cross-cultural and cross-linguistic epistemology
Authors: Edouard Machery, H. Clark Barrett, Stephen P. Stich
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract Phillips and colleagues claim that the capacity to ascribe knowledge is a “basic” capacity, but most studies reporting linguistic data reviewed by Phillips et al. were conducted in English with American participants – one of more than 6,500 languages currently spoken. We highlight the importance of cross-cultural and cross-linguistic research when one is theorizing about fundamental human representational capacities.
Reducing Misuse of Handguns by Rural Youth—Focus on the Parents
Authors: Philip J. Cook, Susan T. Parker
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Alice M. Ellyson, MS, PhD; Emma L. Gause, MS, MA; Sabrina Oesterle, PhD; Margaret R. Kuklinski, PhD; John S. Briney, MA, MPA; Elizabeth H. Weybright, PhD; Kevin P. Haggerty, PhD; Vivian H. Lyons, MPH, PhD; Julia P. Schleimer, MPH; Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, MD, MPH, PhD
Cathepsin S Contributes to Lung Inflammation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Michael C. McKelvey, Anthony A. Abladey, Donna M. Small, Declan F. Doherty, Richard Williams, Aaron Scott, C. Arnold Spek, Keren S. Borensztajn, Leslie Holsinger, Robert Booth, Cecilia M. O’Kane, Daniel F. McAuley, Clifford C. Taggart, Sinéad Weldon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Although the cysteine protease cathepsin S has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory lung diseases, its role has not been examined in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome, a condition that still lacks specific and effective pharmacological treatments.