tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incomplete preoperative staging results in suboptimal treatment in rectal cancer patients: A population-based study.
Authors: Sunil Patel, Chad McClintock, Shaila Merchant, Christopher M. Booth, Antonio Caycedo Marulanda, Carl Bankhead, Carl Heneghan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

20 Background: Individuals with rectal cancer require a number of pre-treatment investigations to determine the local-regional and overall stage of disease. Stage of rectal cancer determines treatment plan; therefore incomplete or inadequate staging may result in sub-optimal care and outcomes. Methods: This is a population based study of all individuals undergoing surgical resection for rectal cancer in Ontario, Canada (population 14.6 million) between 2010 and 2019. Individuals were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry which includes approximately 95% of all incident cases of rectal cancer in the province. “Complete Staging” in Rectal Cancer has previously been defined and includes assessments of distant metastasis, local-regional stage and an attempt at colonic assessment for synchronous lesions. Patient and care provider characteristics, staging investigations, stage of disease, treatments and long-term outcomes were determined using linked administrative databases. Results: The study cohort included 10,957 individuals with rectal cancer; 24% Stage I, 21% Stage II, 40% Stage III, 7% Stage IV, 8% Missing Stage. The average age was 65 (STD 12.6) and males accounted for 63% of the study population. Incomplete staging occurred in 26%, with incomplete local regional staging being the most common deficiency (21%). Increasing patient age (&lt; 0.001), low volume surgeons (P &lt; 0.001) and low volume hospitals (P &lt; 0.001) were associated with incomplete staging. There was significant regional variation in the completeness of staging (low 68% - High 84%). In those with locally advanced rectal cancer (Stage II and Stage III), incomplete staging was associated with lower rates of preoperative radiation oncology assessments (27% vs. 80%, P &lt; 0.001) and medical oncology assessments (12% vs. 39%, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, incomplete staging was associated with lower rates of any radiation (pre or postoperative) (45% vs. 82%, P &lt; 0.001), lower rates of preoperative neoadjuvant therapy (22% vs. 74%, P &lt; 0.001) and higher rates of post operative radiation (23% vs. 8.3%, P &lt; 0.001). Those with incomplete staging had a lower 5 year overall survival (73% vs. 81%, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, we identified several modifiable risk factors for incomplete staging prior to treatment for rectal cancer. Incomplete staging likely results in suboptimal care in this population, as demonstrated by less oncology referrals and less use of appropriate neoadjuvant therapy.
Global Health Education in Nephrology: The Time has Come
Authors: Rebecca Ingenhoff, Ursula Brewster, Asghar Rastegar, Robert Kalyesubula, Felix Knauf
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

At no time in history has it been more apparent that our own health is affected by the health of others around the world. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has forced the realization that the health of one nation affects all nations. Moreover, for several decades the global burden of
Visual Assessment of 18F-FDG Uptake on PET to Predict Survival Benefit to PD-1 Blockade in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kosuke Hashimoto, Kyoichi Kaira, Ou Yamaguchi, Ayako Shiono, Atsuto Mouri, Yu Miura, Kunihiko Kobayashi, Hisao Imai, Yohji Matsusaka, Ichiei Kuji, Hiroshi Kagamu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade is a standard treatment for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Approximately 20% patients receiving PD-1 blockade monotherapy can survive for more than 5 years. However, there are limited data on the optimal biomarkers for predicting long-term outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of 18F-FDG uptake in patients with NSCLC responding to PD-1 blockade.Thirty-eight patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent 18F-FDG PET after confirmation of clinical response to PD-1 blockade monotherapy were retrospectively included in this study. Visual assessment using a 5-point scale score according to 18F-FDG uptake was performed, and the 18F-FDG uptake cutoff score for prolonged response to PD-1 blockade was defined as 3 (low score: 1, 2, or 3 and high score: 4 or 5).A significantly greater number of patients with low scores had a performance status of 0 or 1 than patients with high scores. Among the 38 patients, 20 (53%) had a low score and 18 (47%) had a high score. Progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly longer in patients with low scores than in patients with high scores. Low 18F-FDG uptake was an independent prognostic factor for predicting favorable progression-free survival and overall survival, as confirmed by multivariate analysis.Tumors with lower 18F-FDG uptake on PET than normal hepatic lesions exhibit the possibility of prolonged response to PD-1 blockade. Visual assessment on PET is easy for every clinician and is understandable to confirm aggressive tumor activity.
Antiemesis Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: David S Ettinger, Philip J Bierman, Bob Bradbury, Georgiana Ellis, Robert J Ignoffo, Steve Kirkegaard, Dwight Kloth, Amy Krauss, Mark G Kris, Dean Lim, Michael Anne Markiewicz, Robert McNulty, Kim Noonan, Lisa Stucky-Marshall, Barbara Todaro, Susan Urba, Sally Yowell
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2004)

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (emesis) can significantly affect a patient's quality of life, leading to poor adherence with further chemotherapy treatment. In addition, nausea and vomiting can result in metabolic imbalances, degeneration of self-care and functional ability, nutrient depletion, anorexia, decline of the patient's performance status and mental status, wound dehiscence, esophageal tears, and withdrawal from potentially useful or curative anticancer treatment. The incidence and severity of nausea and/or vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy are affected by numerous factors, including (1) the specific chemotherapeutic agents used, (2) dosage, (3) the schedule and route of administration, and (4) individual patient variability. Approximately 70% to 80% of all cancer patients receiving chemotherapy experience emesis, and 10% to 44% experience anticipatory emesis. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
Voices from a Pandemic
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2020)

Our many voices form the human chorus. Here, we present six diverse perspectives that share a common thread: how COVID-19 has changed our lives. We hear about the difficulties of providing palliative care on the front, the challenges patients seeking gender-affirming surgeries face, the loss of rituals built into healthcare visits, the pivots researchers take to study SARS-CoV-2, as well as the unique mental health impact of an ongoing trauma. These are but a few of the myriad voices that represent our COVID-19 collective. Yet they highlight a reality: a pandemic not only touches all people, but also elicits responses we never quite imagined.
Community-Level Economic Distress, Race, and Risk of Adverse Outcomes After Heart Failure Hospitalization Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Amgad Mentias, Milind Y. Desai, Mary S. Vaughan-Sarrazin, Shreya Rao, Alanna A. Morris, Jennifer L. Hall, Venu Menon, Jason Hockenberry, Mario Sims, Gregg C. Fonarow, Saket Girotra, Ambarish Pandey
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Socioeconomic disadvantage is a strong determinant of adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure. However, the contribution of community-level economic distress to adverse outcomes in heart failure may differ across races and ethnicities. Methods: Patients of self-reported Black, White, and Hispanic race and ethnicity hospitalized with heart failure between 2014 and 2019 were identified from the Medicare MedPAR Part A 100% Files. We used patient-level residential ZIP code to quantify community-level economic distress on the basis of the Distressed Community Index (quintile 5: economically distressed versus quintiles 1–4: nondistressed). The association of continuous and categorical measures (distressed versus nondistressed) of Distressed Community Index with 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year risk-adjusted mortality, readmission burden, and home time were assessed separately by race and ethnicity groups. Results: The study included 1 611 586 White (13.2% economically distressed), 205 840 Black (50.6% economically distressed), and 89 199 Hispanic (27.3% economically distressed) patients. Among White patients, living in economically distressed (versus nondistressed) communities was significantly associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes at 30-day and 1-year follow-up. Among Black and Hispanic patients, the risk of adverse outcomes associated with living in distressed versus nondistressed communities was not meaningfully different at 30 days and became more prominent by 1-year follow-up. Similarly, in the restricted cubic spline analysis, a stronger and more graded association was observed between Distressed Community Index score and risk of adverse outcomes in White patients (versus Black and Hispanic patients). Furthermore, the association between community-level economic distress and risk of adverse outcomes for Black patients differed in rural versus urban areas. Living in economically distressed communities was significantly associated with a higher risk of mortality and lower home time at 1-year follow-up in rural areas but not urban areas. Conclusions: The association between community-level economic distress and risk of adverse outcomes differs across race and ethnic groups, with a stronger association noted in White patients at short- and long-term follow-up. Among Black patients, the association of community-level economic distress with a higher risk of adverse outcomes is less evident in the short term and is more robust and significant in the long-term follow-up and rural areas.
Secondhand nicotine vaping at home and respiratory symptoms in young adults
Authors: Talat Islam, Jessica Braymiller, Sandrah P Eckel, Feifei Liu, Alayna P Tackett, Meghan E Rebuli, Jessica Barrington-Trimis, Rob McConnell
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Rationale Despite high prevalence of e-cigarette use (vaping), little is currently known regarding the health effects of secondhand nicotine vape exposure. Objective To investigate whether exposure to secondhand nicotine vape exposure is associated with adverse respiratory health symptoms among young adults. Method We investigated the effect of secondhand nicotine vape exposure on annually reported wheeze, bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath in the prospective Southern California Children Health Study cohort. Data were collected from study participants (n=2097) with repeated annual surveys from 2014 (average age: 17.3 years) to 2019 (average age: 21.9). We used mixed effect logistic regression to evaluate the association between secondhand nicotine vape and respiratory symptoms after controlling for relevant confounders. Results Prevalence of secondhand nicotine vape increased from 11.7% to 15.6% during the study period in this population. Prevalence of wheeze, bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath ranged from 12.3% to 14.9%, 19.4% to 26.0% and 16.5% to 18.1%, respectively, during the study period. Associations of secondhand nicotine vape exposure with bronchitic symptoms (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.84) and shortness of breath (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.21) were observed after controlling for vaping, active and passive exposure to tobacco or cannabis, and demographic characteristics (age, gender, race/ethnicity and parental education). Stronger associations were observed when analysis was restricted to participants who were neither smokers nor vapers. There were no associations with wheezing after adjustment for confounders. Conclusion Secondhand nicotine vape exposure was associated with increased risk of bronchitic symptoms and shortness of breath among young adults.
Primary Intracranial Neoplasms.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters to the Editors and no drift in pH was detected over this period.It seems relevant that heparin has been shown to remain stable over a pH range of 2.0 9.0.6Our findings are in agreement with those of others" 7 that heparin is stable in intravenous fluids under clinical con- ditions.Hence the administration of heparin by continuous intravenous infu- sion should not be regarded as a sub- optimal method on this account.
TCT-169 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention For Chronic Total Coronary Artery Occlusion With The Implantation Of Bioresorbable Everolimus-Eluting Scaffolds. Poznan CTO-Absorb Registry
Authors: Maciej Lesiak, Magdalena Lanocha, Andrzej Siniawski, Przemyslaw Mitkowski, Aleksander Araszkiewicz, Wlodzimierz Skorupski, Marek Grygier, Malgorzata Pyda, Michal Lesiak, Marta Kaluzna-Oleksy, Stanislaw Jankiewicz, Sylwia Iwanczyk, Magdalena Dudek, Stefan Grajek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
PRIMER ON THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atypical presentations among medicare beneficiaries with unstable angina: Is it time to redefine the classical clinical presentation? John G. Canto, Contessa Fincher, Catarina I. Kiefe, Jeroan J. Allison, Qing Li, Suzanne Baker, Robert Centor, Norm W. Weissman. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The substitution of SERCA2 redox cysteine 674 promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling by activating IRE1α/XBP1s pathway
Authors: Weimin Yu, Gang Xu, Hui Chen, Li Xiao, Gang Liu, Pingping Hu, Siqi Li, Vivi Kasim, Chunyu Zeng, Xiaoyong Tong
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling, in which hyperproliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) plays an important role. The cysteine 674 (C674) in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is the critical redox regulatory cysteine to regulate SERCA2 activity. Heterozygous SERCA2 C674S knock-in mice (SKI), where one copy of C674 was substituted by serine to represent partial C674 oxidative inactivation, developed significant pulmonary vascular remodeling resembling human PH, and their right ventricular systolic pressure modestly increased with age. In PASMCs, substitution of C674 activated inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) and spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) pathway, accelerated cell cycle and cell proliferation, which reversed by IRE1α/XBP1s pathway inhibitor 4μ8C. In addition, suppressing the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway prevented pulmonary vascular remodeling caused by substitution of C674. Similar to SERCA2a, SERCA2b is also important to restrict the proliferation of PASMCs. Our study articulates the causal effect of C674 oxidative inactivation on the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH, emphasizing the importance of C674 in restricting PASMC proliferation to maintain pulmonary vascular homeostasis. Moreover, the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway and SERCA2 might be potential targets for PH therapy.
PREVENTABLE BLINDNESS.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of optison with harmonic imaging on evaluation of cardiac function in technically very difficult patients in the intensive care unit setting: Comparison with transesophageal echocardiography Yongqi Yong, David Wu, Valerian Fernandes, Helen A. Kopelen, Sarah Shimoni, Sherif F. Nagueh, Miguel A. Quinones, William A. Zoghbi. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Complication rates as a measure of quality of care
Authors: J. Daley
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Daley and colleagues suggest our complication rate<sup>1</sup>was too high, citing the prospective study by Hammermeister et al.<sup>2</sup>That study analyzed only 10 complications. We analyzed more types of complications (eg, we added pneumonia), hence our overall rate was higher. Comparable complications yielded similar rates in the study by Hammermeister et al and in our study (eg, the rates were 2.1% vs 1.36% for stroke, 1.6% vs 1.76% for coma, and 7.8% vs 7.18% for mechanical ventilation, respectively). Daley et al mistakenly attribute the difference in complication rates to the nature of the data collected, rather than to the different complications included for analysis. There is no indication that the difference in rates reflects any inadequacy of either the data or definitions used in our study. We only counted events as complications if there was no notation of that same event at the time the
一种模仿药物所治癌症的药物性皮疹
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Abstract Linked Article: Trum et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:153–166. 皮肤 T 细胞淋巴瘤 (CTCL) 是一类罕见的癌症, 起源于 T 细胞 (一种白细胞) , 原发于皮肤。Mogamulizumab 是一种有前景的 CTCL 治疗方法, 但其最常见的不良反应是名为 Mogamulizumab 相关皮疹 (MAR) 的药物性皮疹。MAR 的描述仍然不足, 难以与 CTCL 本身区分。在本研究中, 我们回顾了既往记录, 并对所有 24 名自 2018 年 Mogamulizumab 在美国获批使用以来接受该药物治疗且由我们的机构看诊的 CTCL 患者进行了随访。 我们发现, 我们患者中的 MAR 发生率 (71%) 高于之前报告的发生率, 然而, 我们的大多数患者患有特定类型的 CTCL(Sézary 综合征) 。有趣的是, 大多数出现 MAR 的患者对 Mogamulizumab 的反应也良好 (88%), 比之前报告的概率更高。而没有发生 MAR 的患者对 Mogamulizumab 的反应率也较低。 在我们的文章中, 我们描述了 MAR 的多种模式, 这些模式在皮肤上和在显微镜下的视觉呈现可能与 CTCL 相似或不相似。药物性皮疹与药物所治疗的疾病非常相似, 容易造成误诊, 特别是当皮疹是药物起效的标志时; 在药物对癌症有充分作用之前, 可能就被停药了。医护人员应将 MAR 视为 Mogamulizumab 对该患者有效的征兆, 并且仅在 MAR 难以忍受/耐药或 CTCL 患者因 Mogamulizumab 而缓解 (即癌症的体征和症状减轻或消退) 时考虑停用。 Linked Article: Trum et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:153–166.
Association of leptin with migration, invasion, and cancer stem-like properties in gastric cancer cells.
Authors: Ki Bum Park, Kyong-Hwa Chung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

352 Background: Obesity is a risk factor for various types of cancer, including gastric cancer. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, may function in stimulating the proliferation of gastric cancer cell. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of leptin in gastric cancer. Methods: Leptin level was assessed by ELISA and was compared in obese patients with gastric cancer (n=23) and non-obese patients with gastric cancer (n=23) as a function of their clinicopathological characteristics. Gastric cancer cell lines were studied to investigate the effects of leptin on the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and MEK signaling pathways using wound healing assay, inhibition study, and ELISA. Cancer-initiating cells derived from gastric cancer cell lines were studied to investigate the effects of leptin to the maintenance of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition using invasion assay, RT- PCR, and immunoblotting. Results: Obesity was associated with elevated leptin level and BMI has positive correlation with the leptin level ( p=0.001 for both). Overall survival was not significantly different between the two groups ( p=0.098). Leptin induces the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by activating AKT and ERK and up-regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Pharmacological inhibitors of JAK and MEK signaling pathways decreased both leptin-induced migration and invasion and the leptin-induced expression of VEGF. Leptin increased the mRNA and protein levels of the markers for stemness (CD44) and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (Snail and N-cadherin). Conclusions: Leptin plays a role in gastric cancer by stimulating the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells via activating the JAK-STAT and MEK pathways and contributes to the maintenance of cancer stemness and metastatic potential. Leptin presents evidence supporting the adverse effect of obesity in gastric cancer. Treatment targeting leptin-associated signaling pathways could be a potential strategy for managing gastric cancer.
ALLOPURINOL REDUCES LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES AND LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Benjamin Robert Szwejkowski, Stephen Gandy, Sushma Rekhraj, Houston Graeme, Jacob George, Lang C. Chim, Andrew D. Morris, Allan D. Struthers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Risk of myelodysplastic syndrome/acute leukemia with sequential capecitabine/temozolomide and <sup>177</sup>Lu-dotatate.
Authors: Taymeyah E. Al-Toubah, Eleonora Pelle, Jonathan R. Strosberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

513 Background: The treatment landscape for neuroendocrine tumors includes alkylating-agent chemotherapy and peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT) with 177 Lu-Dotatate. The risk of MDS/AML associated with 177 Lu-Dotatate is approximately 2-3%. Several small prior studies have suggested substantially higher rates of MDS/AML (approximately 10%) in patients who have also received alkylating agent chemotherapy with streptozocin or temozolomide, either combined with PRRT or sequentially. Methods: Retrospective study of all patients with advanced NENs treated at the Moffitt Cancer Center between 1/2008 and 9/2019 who received treatment with CAPTEM. Results: 462 patients received treatment with CAPTEM, among whom 49 received also received PRRT. Median follow-up was x months. 4 patients developed MDS/AML, all of whom had also received both CAPTEM and PRRT. None of the patients who received CAPTEM chemotherapy without PRRT developed a long-term hematological malignancy. Conclusions: 8% of patients who received both CAPTEM and PRRT developed MDS or AML, a risk that is higher than that associated with PRRT alone. This cumulative risk needs to be considered when sequencing treatments in NETs.