Effect of Convalescent Plasma on Organ Support–Free Days in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Hesham Abdelhady, Marwa Abdelrazik, Zakee Abdi, David Abdo, Amina Abdulle, Lynn Abel, Shrefee Abouzeenni, Gail Abrahamson, Yousuf Abusamra, Lisa Adams, Olumide Adebambo, Debo Ademokun, Neill Adhikari, Dominic Affron, Anu Aggarwal, Ronan Agno, Humayun Ahmad, Norfaizan Ahmad, Sophia Ahmed, Kate Ainscough, James Ainsworth, Giulia Airoldi, Lindianne Aitken, Francis Ajeneye, Naim Akhtar, Olajide Akinwumiju, Manaf Al-Bayati, Martin Albert, Meera Alderman, Ana Alegria, Brian Alexander, Peter DG Alexander, Jordan Alfonso, Hoodo Ali, Sabira Ali, Allameddine Allameddine, Sheila Allan, Isabelle Allard, Barbara Allen, Beverley Allen, Jess Allen, Laura Allen, Louise Allen, Suzanne Allibone,  Richard Ambrosino, Kenneth Amenyah, Mariam Ammoun, Rekha Anand, Sai Priya Anand, Kristen Andersen, Corinne Anderson, Kevin Anderson, Thomas Anderson,  Mark Andreae, Susan Andrews, Gregory Andrikopoulos, Aisha Anjum, Matthew Anstey, Micheline Antar, David Antcliffe, Alpha Anthony, Pierre Antoine, Vikram Anumakonda, George Apostolides, Latha Aravindan, Gill Arbane, Emily Arbon, Simon Archer, Noah Aref, Ana-Marie Arias, Chantal Armali, Joel Armer-Ducker, Michelle Armstrong, Sylvia Armstrong-Fisher, John Arnold, Sarah Arnott, Andrea Arroyo, Valérie Arsenault, Diptesh Aryal, Adeeba Asghar, Glen Ashby, Deborah Asher, Ben Ashford, Suhail Ashgar, Murtaza Asif Ali, Angelique Aspinwall, Abigail Asquith, Tanya Atallah, Richard Athay-Hunt, Udara Attanayaka, Rita Atugonza, Michelle Aube, Marie-Christine Auclair, Karen Austin, Pauline Austin, Sidra Awan, Gina Bacon, Harleen Badhesha, Kavitha Bagavathy, Dawn Baglole, Clariza Bagnas, Catherine Bagot, Sean Bagshaw, Nadia Baig, Stephen Bailey, Kenneth Baillie,  William Bain, Sanchia Baines, Aimi Baird, Charles Baker, Evelyn Baker, Penny Bakhtiari, Dhanalakshmi Bakthavatsalam, Morteza Balaie, Gagan Bali, Sonya Balkee, Amy Ballinger, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Millie Banerjee, Lauren Banks, Jonathan Bannard-Smith, Nancy Banning, Bharat Bansal, Robert Banthorpe, Ian Barbash, Alex Barber, Russell Barber, Miriam Barbosa, Mercedes Barillas, Ryan Bariola, Gareth Barker, Nicky Barnes, Matthew Barnett, Nathaly Barnett, Rebecca Baron, Robert Bart, Jazz Bartholomew, Shauna Bartley, David Barton, Jan Barwell, Archana Bashyal, Kim Basile, Frances Bass, Christopher Bassford, Pavinder Bassi, Betsy Bassis, Ian Bateman, Michelle Bates, Samantha Bates, Donna Batty, Kris Bauchmuller, Peter Baughan, Lydia Baxter, Charlotte Baylem, Lee Bayliss, Madeleine Bayne, Eileen Bays, Renée Bazin, Gregory Beard, Kirk Beard, Richard Beasley, Lynette Beaudin, Julie Beaudoin, Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières, Seonaid Beddows, Caroline Bedford, Deborah Beer, Salma Begum, Jasmine Beharry, Xiao Bei Zhao, Nathalie Belec, Gillian Bell, Glenda Bell, Joshua Bell, David Bellemare, Fatna Benettaib, Ann Beninato, Mehdi Benlarbi, Alexander Bennett, Christopher Bennett, Carrie Bennett-Mills, Andrea Benoit, Jane Benstead, Dionne Bentley, Lauren Berg, Colin Bergin, Claudia Berscheid, Janis Best-Lane, Emily Bevan, Jeremy Bewley, Ashley Beyerl, Sanjay Bhagani, Khushpreet Bhandal, Simon Biddie, Jennifer Biemans,, Kelly Bignell, Shilesh Bihari, Maude Bilodeau, Carron Bilton, Martin J Binney, Alexandra Binnie, Julian Bion, Catherine Birch, Janine Birch, Kathrine Birchall, Isobel Birkinshaw, Raquel Bisa, Ethel Black, Bethany Blackledge, Stuart Blackmore, Annette Blackwell, Loraine Blackwood, Yvonne Bland, Mary Blanton, Jenny Blaxland, Donna Blofield, Margie Blom, Jasmin Board, Aneta Bociek, Sherin Bodh, Virginie Boisclair, Sam Bolton, Wayne Bolton, Hayley Bond, Stephen Bonner, Wendy Bonnert, Leigh Boorman, Catherine Booth, Barbara Borgatta, Cameron Borhani, Naomi Borkent, Rachel Borrell, Zoe Borrill, Mamu Boshir, Brandon Bouchard, Marie-Claude Boulanger, Dounia Boumahni, Catherine Bourassa, Michelle Bourne, Richard Bourne, Daniel Boutin, Marianne Boutin, Darren Bowen, James Bowen, Helen Bowler, Geoff Bowyer, Carmel Boyd, Craig Boyd, Maxine Boyd, Lucie Boyer, Rebecca Boyles, Gordana Bozovic, David Brack, Charlotte Brackstone, Rob Bradburn, Barry Bradley, Paul Bradley, Sarah Bradshaw, Jane Brailsford, Su Brailsford, Emily Brant, Angela Brazier, Pamela Bremmer, Morwenna Brend, Val Brennan, Stephen Brett, Chris Brewer, Kathy Brickell, Mark Briggs, Chris Brightling, Nicole Brillinger, Lutece Brimfield, Stéphanie Brisson, Terri Brittin, Laurent Brochard, Andrew Broderick, David Broggio, Farooq Brohi, Ceri Brookes, Nicole Brooks, Randy Broom, Marie Browett, Chloe Brown, Elizabeth Brown, Louise Brown, Mark Brown, Rachel Brown, Wayne Brown, Marie-Eve Brulotte, Emilie Brunet, Nigel Brunskill, Kayla Bryan-Morris, Julie Buchan, Alexis Buchanan, Kathleen Buckmire, Joanna Budd, Pierrette Bugden, Heidi Buhr, Lori Bullock, Vitor Buonavoglia, Annmarie Buoy, Dorota Burda, Paula Burgess, Jason Burkey, Rachel Burnish, Dean Burns, Karen Burns, Samuel Burns, Angela Busby, Hergen Buscher, Lesley Butler, Sophia Butt, Rahim Byrne, Eleanor Byworth, Louise Cabrelli, Leilani Cabreros, Tom Cairns, Moira Caldwell, Caroline Calfee, Lenka Cambalova, Sarah Cameron, Andrew Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Karla Campbell, Lewis Campbell, Ryan Campbell, Josie Campisi, Sara Campos, Julie Camsooksai, Ana Canabarro, Elaine Carbonneau, Nuria Cardenas, Andrew Carlton, Rebecca Carnegie, Emily Carpenter, Lillian Carpio, Sarah Carr, François Martin Carrier, Marc Carrier, Samantha Carrington, Joanne Carr-Wilkinson, David Carter, Moira Carter, Steven Carter, Simon Carter-Graham, Carolyn Carveth-Marshall, Sherry Casali, Ruth Casey, Susanne Cathcart, Jill Caulfield, Alexandros Cavayas, Kathryn Cawley, Maurizio Cecconi, John Centofanti, Loku Chamara Warnapura, Éric Chamberland, Emma Chambers, Shreekant Champanerkar, Charles Chan, Michael Chan, Petrus Chan, Sunita Chand, Vikki Chandler-Vizard, Cherry Chang, Terry Channon, Marianne Chapman, Susan Chapman, Linda Chapple, Bethan Charles, Richard Charlewood, Andrew Charlton, Sally Charlton, Sam Charlton, Sarah Charnock, Vipul Chauhan, Rosanna Chavez, Maria Cheadle, Shiney Cherian, Suzanne Cherif, Betty Cheung, Emily Cheung, Manish Chhablani, Karen Chinn, Vashira Chiroma, Christian Choquet, Judy YC Chou, Fateha Chowdhury, Sri Chukkambotla, Jae Chung, Nick Ciccone, Rob Cimaglia, Emanuel Cirstea, Michele Clark, Richard Clark, Sarah Clark, Wendy Clark, Frances Clarke, Gwen Clarke, Heather Clarke, Mark Clarke, Sarah Clarke, Andrew Clarkson, Andrew Claxton, Ian Clement, Francesca Clemons, Gilles Clermont, Julie Cleverdon, Lee Clifford, Lynne Clifford, Alison Clinton, Ève Cloutier, Marc Cloutier, Tony Coates, Maeve Cockrell, Phoebe Coghlan, Connie Colavecchia, Carol Cole, Jade Cole, Julie Cole, Sue Cole, Jennifer Coles, Rebecca Coles, Dawn Collier, Emma Collins, Érin Collins, Joanne Collins, Matthew Collis, Mike Comery, Karen Connolly, Jason Connor, Samantha Conran, Pamela Conrod, Camilla Conway, Deborah Cook, Tim Cook, Jill Cooke, Soo Cooke, Alison Cooper, D. James Cooper, Joanne Cooper, Josh Cooper, Laura Cooper, Lauren Cooper, Emma Cooperwaite, Ele Corcoran, Shannon Cormick, Sarah Cornell, Mary Corriveau, Catherine Corry, Oliver Costerousse, Alice Cotton, Amanda Coutts, Ruth Cowburn, Nicholas Cowley, Debra Anne Cox, Mark Coyne, Beverley Crane, Leona Crane, Michelle Craner, Thomas H Craven, Adrian Crawford, Sarah Crawshaw, Ben Creagh-Brown, Ryan Creighton, Olaf Cremer, Nikki Crisp, Maria Croft, Ian Cron, Derrick Crook, Helen Croot, Mylene Crosby, Sarah Cross, Helen Crumley, Joanna Cudlipp, Oriela Cuevas, Donna Cullen, Marie Cundall, Debra Curley, Andrew Currie,, Abi Curtis, Becca Curtis, Rebecca Cusack, Brian Cuthbertson, Sean Cutler, Frédérick D’Aragon, Joana Da Rocha, Admad Daebis, Phil Daggett, Rana Daher, Line Daigle, Helen Dakers-Black, Jessica Daley, Nikki Dallas, James Dalton, Zoe Daly, Raj Damhar, Nick Daneman, Carol Daniels, Paul Dark, Karen Darling, Tace Darling, Sri Darshana, Antu Das, Jason Daugherty, Michelle Davey, Miriam Davey, Arlene David, Neil Davidson, Alison Davies, Cheryl Davies, Ellie Davies, Gwyneth Davies, James Davies, Jane Davies, Louisa Davies, Mark Davies, Michelle Davies, Rhys Davies, Alison Davis, Sophia Davison, Janice Dawe, Lisa Dawe, Laura Ann Dawson, Rosanne Dawson, Kim de Courcy-Golder, Dianne de Jong, Arnold De la Rosa, Angelique De Man, Mark De Neef, Bethan Deacon, Tessa Dean, Dylene Deans, Joy Dearden, Alison Deary, Sylvie Debigaré, William Dechert, Raji Dehulia, Lorenzo del Sorbo, Lisa Delaney, Sue Della Toffalo, Carrie Demetriou, Craig Denmade, Randle Derbyshire, Purav Desai, Jade Descôteaux-Dinelle, Kush Deshpande, Michelle Detry, Brendan Devine, Dana Devine, Trudy Devine, Bodine Dewitt, Jas Dhalliwal, Aman Dhesi, Pamela Diamond, Julie Dice, Stephen Digby, Julie Dijo, Kristina Dimitrova, Maria Dineen, Tri Dinh, Stephen Dixon-Mould, Patricia Doble, Jade Dobson, Ronan Doherty, Rozzie Dolman,  Chenell Donadee, Kate Donaldson, Arjen M Dondrop, Clare Donegan, Heather Donkin, Sinead Donlon, Adrian Donnelly, Phil Donnison, Reece Doonan, Peter Doran, Amanda Dornan, Melissa Dougherty, Jan Douziech, Kerry Dowling, Philippa Downey, Cristina Dragomir, Chelsea Drake, Michael Drebot, Steven Drews, Nikki Drogman, Mathieu Drouin, Julian Druce, Andrew Drummond, Kay Drury, Hannah D'Silva, Brenda Du Plessis, Erick Duan, Stephen Duberley, Éric Ducas, Sam Duff-Miller, Eamon Duffy, Helen Duggan, Zoe Duke, Mick Duley, Joanne Duncan, Tracy Duncan, Deanne Dunphy, Mathilde Duplaix, Steve Durgacharan, Ahilanandan Dushianthan, Nathalie Dussault, Sarah Dyas, Kim East, Christine Eastgate, Caroline Eaton, Caroline Eaton-Howell, Simone Ebbinghaus, Daniel Ebner, Dave Edmondson, Alexandra Edwards, Tomos Edwards, Evelien Effelaar, Munzir Elhassan, Chris Elliott, Toby Elliott, Ann-Marie Ellis, Chiara Ellis, Christine Ellis, Kay Ellis, Yvette Ellis, Cathy Ellsworth, Einas Elmahi, Mohammed Elmi, Tarek Elsefi, Ayaa Eltayeb, Shane English, Ian Entino, Slava Epelman, Stephan Ermann, Alioska Escorcia, Helen Escreet, Andrew Evans, David Evans, Debra Evans, Michelle Evans, Ryan Evans, Tony Eve, Laura Fagan, Elizabeth Fagbodun, Pam Fairclough, Jonathan Falconer, Kelly Falle, Neda Farahi, Sarah Farnell-Ward, Maria Faulkner, Kelly Feane, James Feely-Henderson, Tim Felton, Gerard Fennessy, Bill Ferguson, Niall Ferguson, Stephanie Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Maria Fernandez, Jaime Fernandez Roman, Gloria Fernando, Xiomara Ferndadez, Cindy Ferringer, Jessica Fesz, Cheryl Finch, Joanne Finden, Stephanie Finn, Andrés Finzi, Dani Fisher, Emily Fisher, Meadow Fisher Crisp, Christina Fitcher, Stephen Fitzgibbon, Elaine Fitzimmons,  Meghan Fitzpatrick, Chloe Fitzpatrick-Creamer, Cathy Flatters, Simon Fletcher, Kelly Flynn, Sara Flynn, Evodian Fonyonga, Andrew Forbes, Loretta Forbes, Kathy Ford, Sara Ford, Elliot Forster, Kirsten Foster, Terrie Foster, Tracy Foster, Deirdre Fottrell-Gould, Angela Foulds, Dora Founkaneli, Marie-Josée Fournier, Rob Fowler, Claire Fox, Daniel Fox, Eleonore 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Hall, Andrew Hall, Emma Hall, Kathryn Hall, Rebecca Elin Hall, Sandra Halliday, David O Hamilton, Vincent Hamlyn, Naomi Hammond, Sara Hammond, Elizabeth Hampson, Ian Hancock, Katie Hands, Joanne Hanley, Alison Hanlon, Tracy Hanna,  Stefanie Hannan, Trish Hansen, Helen Hanson, Jane Hanson, Helen Hanwell, Lesley Harden, Chloe Hardy, Rachel Harford, Emily Hargreaves, Cain Harland, Sandra Harlow, Fiona Harper, Heather Harper, Melanie Harper, Naja Harper, Kate Harrington, Celia Harris, Jade Harris, Naomi Harris, Susan Harrison, Kath Harrow, Melissa Hartley, Alice Harvey, Daniel Harvey, Meg Harward, Madiha Hashmi, Sarah Haskins, Stephanie B. 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Nayyar, Mobeena Naz, Salima Nazarali, Matthew Neal, Mihai Netea, Kimberley Netherton, Gina Neves, Claire-Michelle Neville, Josephine Newanji, Julie Newman, Richard Newman, Sally Newman, Tabitha Newman, Claire Newsam, Christopher Ng, Dung  Nguyen, Anne Nicholson, Genelle Nicholson, Janet Nicholson, Sukhi Nijjar, Nikitas Nikitas, Josephine Nnadi, Harriet Noble, Josee Noel, Jerry Nolan, Marie-Ève Nolin, Joelle Nordstrom, Jamie Norgrave, Julie North, Julie Northcote, Jurgens Nortje, Angie Nown, Tony Noyce, Alan Noyon, Gloria Nwajei Agha, Kelly Nwankiti, Eugenia Nweje, Maria Nygren,, Aibhilin O’Connor, Anne O’Connor, Stephanie O’Connor, Kaitlyn O’Halloran, Sinéad O’Kane, Ryan O’Leary, Aisling O’Neill, Kevin O’Reilly, Susan Oakley, Aneta Oborska, Andrew O'Brien, Sarah O'Brien, Maria O'Connell, Martin O'Connell, Tansey O'Connor, Simon Oczkowski, Rosie O'Dea, Ruth O'Donnell, Violet O'Donnell, Dapo Odumeru, Bethan Ogg, Kayode Ogungbenro, Cecilia O'Kane, Eleanor O'Kell, Clementina Okundaye, Ché 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Pollock, Michelle Polson, Fiona Pomeroy, Jagtar-Singh Pooni, Iulia Popescu, Ella Poppitt, Christopher Porada, Rebecca Porteous, David Porter, Alison Potter, Kenzi Potter, Pedro Povoa, Carolyn Powel, Elizabeth Powell, Geneen Powell, Gillian Powter, Rashida Pramanik, Maanvi Prasad, Sindhuja Pratheepkumar, Ashton Prefontaine, Jeffrey Presneill, Jérémie Prévost, Allison Prihoda, Janet Pring, Lisa Privatera, Linda Prokopiuk, Tracey Pronyk-Ward, Nicola Proudfoot, Rachel Prout, Richard Pugh, Laura Purandare, Claire Purcell, Dharam Purohit, Sarah Purvis, Daniel Putensen, Zudin Puthucheary, Kathryn Puxty, Xinyi Qiu, Rachael Quayle, Mailene Quinagon, Alison Quinn, Kevin Quinn, Miguel Quinones-Mateu, Amy Quirk, Hafiz Qureshi, Wayne Rabin, Isabelle Rabusseau, Emma Rademaker, Sharon Rainey, Ajay Raithatha, David Ralphs, Mohamed Ramali, Angelo Ramos, Lidia Ramos, Helen Randall, Sandra Randall, Georgina Randell, Ramina Randhawa, Haley Ranton, Deepak Rao, Ravishankar Rao Baikady, Alia Rashid, Connie Rasko, Jeremy  Ratcliff, Valli Ratnam, Rashmi Rauniyar, Sam Rawlins, Michelle Ray, Kik Raymakers, Benjamin Rayner, Michael Reay, Rashmi Rebello, Amie Reddy, Harsha Reddy,, Catherine Reed, Grace Rees, Ian Rees, Brenda Reeve, Fiona Regan, Andrew Reid, Robert Reilly, Shonagh Reilly, Henrik Reschreiter,, Lorna Retzlaff, Adam Revill, Oleksa Rewa,  Bob Reynolds, Claire Reynolds, John Reynolds, Kamila Reznicek, Jonathan Rhodes, Emily Rich, Jonathan Richard, Debbie Richards, Suzanne Richards, Alvin Richards-Belle, Carol Richardson, Eric Richardson, Joanne Riches, Daniel Ricketts, Jonathan Ricks, Ilse Rietveld, Stephen Rigby, Linda Rikkert, Dominic Rimmer, Clive Risbridger, Michelle Ritchot, Jenny Ritzema, Pascale Riverin, Marlene Roach, Matthew Robb, Émilie Roberge, Eilir Roberts, Leanne Roberts, Tracey Roberts  , Debra Robertson, Doug Robertson, Alyssia Robinson, Katie Robinson, Matt Robinson, Stacey Robinson, Cherie Robson, Lisa Roche, Margaret Roche, Bram Rochwerg, Jennifer Rock, Natalie 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Georgios Tsinaslanidis, Victoria Tuckley, Caroline Tuckwell, Redmond P Tully, Raymond Tung, Saidat Turawa, Anna Turco, Krystyna Turek, Salah Turki, David Turner, Frances Turner, Keri Turner, Louise Turner, Marc Turner, Ruth Turner, Susan Turner, Ian Turner-Bone, Margaret Turns, Stuart Turville, Ishara Udayanga, Ruzena Uddin, Andrew Udy, Laura Unitt, Adam Unsworth, Jassy Uppal, James Uprichard, Alison Uriel, Andrew Ustianowski, Jane Uttley, Tim Uyeki, Eliza Valentine, Luke Vamplew, Tom van der Poll, Caryn Van der Riet, Denise van Hout, Roland van Kimmenade, Marloes van Beurden, Jonni-Lyn Van Deursen, William Van’t Hoff, Kate Vardigans, Siby Varghese, Gloria Vazquez-Grande, Austin Veen, Tonny Veenith, Maxime Veillette, Tracy Velcich, David Veniard, Bala Venkatesh, Ellen Venz, Mark Verlander, Mark Vertue, Jerik Verula, Catherine Viau, Saji Victor, Alex Viehman, Wayne Vietri, Steve Villeneuve, Sudharkar Vimalanathan, Rachel Vincent, Satwinder Virdee, Leanne Voutour, Alain Vuylsteke, Alicia Waite, Andrew Walden, Jane Walden, Greg Walker, Jasmine Walker, Marie Teresa Walker, Rachel Walker, Susan Walker, Derek Wallbank, Fiona Waller, Joanne Walsh, James Walsham, Sherry Walters, Eleanor Ward, Geraldine Ward, Kathryn Ward, Luke Ward, Rebecca Ward, Adele Wardle, Majella Warnock, Lea Warren, Charlotte Washington, Olivia Watchorn, Abby Waters, Sharon Waterson, Claire Watkins, Nick Watkins, Irene Watpool, Angela Watts, Victoria Waugh, Paul Weaver, Lisa Weber, Kathryn Webert, Thanuja Weerasinghe,  Alexandra Weissman, Colin Wells, Ingeborg D Welters, James Wesson, Jim Wesson, Adam West, Samantha Westlake, Bill Wetherill, Alison White, Ian White, Katie White, Stephen White, Tony Whitehouse, Victoria Whiteside, Kaitlyn Whitley, Melanie Whynot, Bradley Wibrow, Elizabeth Wilby, Elizabeth Wilcox, Louise Wilcox, Helen Wild, Laura Wild, Laura Wilding, Ritchie Wildman, Donna Wiles, Matt Wiles, Daisy Wiley, Elva Wilhelmsen, Chloe Wilkes, Dean Wilkinson, Helen Wilkinson, Holly Wilkinson, Felicity Willams, Alexandra Williams, Angharad Williams, Anna Williams, Gemma Williams, Hannah Williams, James D Williams, Jayne Williams, Karen Williams, Penny Williams, Sarah Williams, Virginie Williams, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Bruce Willian, Joanna Willis, Jayne Willson, Anna Wilson, Catherine Wilson, Maggie Wilson, Matthew Wilson, Evie Wiltsher, Phillip Windrum, Pascal Winter, Matt Wise, Mary Kay Wisniewski, Holly Wissett, Katelyn Witherell, Amy Woelke, Paula Wojcik, Magda  Wolna, Carol Wong, Lee Wong, Onyee Wong, Yun Man Wong, Carrie Anne Wood, Hannah Wood, Heidi Wood, Kathryn Wood, Tracy Wood, Julia Woodford, Luke Woodford, Ursula Woodford, Debra Woods, Jane Woods, Lindsey Woods, Sheila Wowchuk, Sarah Woycik, Jess Wren, Joanne Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Alison Wright, Chris Wright, Lee Wright, Peter Wright, Rebecca Wright, Julie Wu, Rachel Wyatt, Katharine Wylie, Kugan Xavier, Charlotte Xia Le Tai, Huiyuan Xiao, Yang Yang, Elizabeth Yarad, David Yates, Donald Yealy, Andrew Yeatman, Patricia Yedynak, Ian Young, Meredith Young, Paul Young, Taryn Youngstein, Haili Yu, Hakeem Yusuff, Abbas Zaidi, Ahmed Zaki, Mohsin Zaman, Raisa Zaman, Claire Zammit, Lynn Zarb, Ryan Zarychanski , Michelle Zeller, Marian Zelman, Anna Zimperi , Dorota B Ziortza Fernández de Pinedo Artaraz, Louisa Zouita, Will Zuurbier, Sheba Zyengi, Lise J. Estcourt, Alexis F. Turgeon, Zoe K. McQuilten, Bryan J. McVerry, Farah Al-Beidh, Djillali Annane, Yaseen M. Arabi, Donald M. Arnold, Abigail Beane, Philippe Bégin, Wilma van Bentum-Puijk, Lindsay R. Berry, Zahra Bhimani, Janet E. Birchall, Marc J. M. Bonten, Charlotte A. Bradbury, Frank M. Brunkhorst, Meredith Buxton, Jeannie L. Callum, Michaël Chassé, Allen C. Cheng, Matthew E. Cove, James Daly, Lennie Derde, Michelle A. Detry, Menno De Jong, Amy Evans, Dean A. Fergusson, Matthew Fish, Mark Fitzgerald, Claire Foley, Herman Goossens, Anthony C. Gordon, Iain B. Gosbell, Cameron Green, Rashan Haniffa, Heli Harvala, Alisa M. Higgins, Thomas E. Hills, Veronica C. Hoad, Christopher Horvat, David T. Huang, Cara L. Hudson, Nao Ichihara, Emma Laing, Abigail A. Lamikanra, François Lamontagne, Patrick R. Lawler, Kelsey Linstrum, Edward Litton, Elizabeth Lorenzi, Sheila MacLennan, John Marshall, Daniel F. McAuley, John F. McDyer, Anna McGlothlin, Shay McGuinness, Gail Miflin, Stephanie Montgomery, Paul R. Mouncey, Srinivas Murthy, Alistair Nichol, Rachael Parke, Jane C. Parker, Nicole Priddee, Damian F. J. Purcell, Luis F. Reyes, Peter Richardson, Nancy Robitaille, Kathryn M. Rowan, Jennifer Rynne, Hiroki Saito, Marlene Santos, Christina T. Saunders, Ary Serpa Neto, Christopher W. Seymour, Jon A. Silversides, Alan A. Tinmouth, Darrell J. Triulzi, Anne M. Turner, Frank van de Veerdonk, Timothy S. Walsh, Erica M. Wood, Scott Berry, Roger J. Lewis, David K. Menon, Colin McArthur, Ryan Zarychanski, Derek C. Angus, Steve A. Webb, David J. Roberts, Manu Shankar-Hari
Journal: JAMA (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> The evidence for benefit of convalescent plasma for critically ill patients with COVID-19 is inconclusive. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether convalescent plasma would improve outcomes for critically ill adults with COVID-19. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The ongoing Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial, Adaptive Platform Trial for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (REMAP-CAP) enrolled and randomized 4763 adults with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 between March 9, 2020, and January 18, 2021, within at least 1 domain; 2011 critically ill adults were randomized to open-label interventions in the immunoglobulin domain at 129 sites in 4 countries. Follow-up ended on April 19, 2021. <h3>Interventions</h3> The immunoglobulin domain randomized participants to receive 2 units of high-titer, ABO-compatible convalescent plasma (total volume of 550 mL ± 150 mL) within 48 hours of randomization (n = 1084) or no convalescent plasma (n = 916). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary ordinal end point was organ support–free days (days alive and free of intensive care unit–based organ support) up to day 21 (range, −1 to 21 days; patients who died were assigned –1 day). The primary analysis was an adjusted bayesian cumulative logistic model. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio (OR) greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority &gt;99%). Futility was defined as the posterior probability of an OR less than 1.2 (threshold for trial conclusion of futility &gt;95%). An OR greater than 1 represented improved survival, more organ support–free days, or both. The prespecified secondary outcomes included in-hospital survival; 28-day survival; 90-day survival; respiratory support–free days; cardiovascular support–free days; progression to invasive mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal mechanical oxygenation, or death; intensive care unit length of stay; hospital length of stay; World Health Organization ordinal scale score at day 14; venous thromboembolic events at 90 days; and serious adverse events. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 2011 participants who were randomized (median age, 61 [IQR, 52 to 70] years and 645/1998 [32.3%] women), 1990 (99%) completed the trial. The convalescent plasma intervention was stopped after the prespecified criterion for futility was met. The median number of organ support–free days was 0 (IQR, –1 to 16) in the convalescent plasma group and 3 (IQR, –1 to 16) in the no convalescent plasma group. The in-hospital mortality rate was 37.3% (401/1075) for the convalescent plasma group and 38.4% (347/904) for the no convalescent plasma group and the median number of days alive and free of organ support was 14 (IQR, 3 to 18) and 14 (IQR, 7 to 18), respectively. The median-adjusted OR was 0.97 (95% credible interval, 0.83 to 1.15) and the posterior probability of futility (OR &lt;1.2) was 99.4% for the convalescent plasma group compared with the no convalescent plasma group. The treatment effects were consistent across the primary outcome and the 11 secondary outcomes. Serious adverse events were reported in 3.0% (32/1075) of participants in the convalescent plasma group and in 1.3% (12/905) of participants in the no convalescent plasma group. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among critically ill adults with confirmed COVID-19, treatment with 2 units of high-titer, ABO-compatible convalescent plasma had a low likelihood of providing improvement in the number of organ support–free days. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02735707