Cytokine Hemoadsorption During Cardiac Surgery Versus Standard Surgical Care for Infective Endocarditis (REMOVE): Results From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mahmoud Diab, Thomas Lehmann, Wolfgang Bothe, Payam Akhyari, Stephanie Platzer, Daniel Wendt, Antje-Christin Deppe, Justus Strauch, Stefan Hagel, Albrecht Günther, Gloria Faerber, Christoph Sponholz, Marcus Franz, André Scherag, Ilia Velichkov, Miriam Silaschi, Jens Fassl, Britt Hofmann, Sven Lehmann, Rene Schramm, Georg Fritz, Gabor Szabo, Thorsten Wahlers, Klaus Matschke, Artur Lichtenberg, Mathias W. Pletz, Jan F. Gummert, Friedhelm Beyersdorf, Christian Hagl, Michael A. Borger, Michael Bauer, Frank M. Brunkhorst, Torsten Doenst, Mahmoud Diab, Thomas Lehmann, Wolfgang Bothe, Payam Akhyari, Stephanie Platzer, Daniel Wendt, Antje-Christin Deppe, Justus Strauch, Stefan Hagel, Albrecht Günther, Gloria Faerber, Christoph Sponholz, Marcus Franz, André Scherag, Ilia Velichkov, Miriam Silaschi, Jens Fassl, Britt Hofmann, Sven Lehmann, Rene Schramm, Georg Fritz, Gabor Szabo, Thorsten Wahlers, Klaus Matschke, Artur Lichtenberg, Mathias W. Pletz, Jan F Gummert, Christian Hagl, Michael A. Borger, Michael Bauer, Frank M. Brunkhorst, Torsten Doenst, Isabella Schiller, Marcus Winter, Cornelia Eichhorn, Aicko Helbig, Florian Rißner, Kubanychbek Abdyvasiev, Alexandros Moschovas, Sebastian Freiburger, Rauf Safarov, Steffen Bargenda, Hristo Kirov, Markus Richter, Tim Sandhaus, Natig Zeynalov, Mirko Kaluza, Denis Bösemann, Swen Boog, Romanus Ostermann, P. Christian Schulze, Ali Hamadanchi, Rita Musleh, Otto W. Witte, Petra Bloos, Katrin Schwope, Steffi Kolanos, Karina Knuhr-Kohlberg, Anja Haucke, Katja Lehmann-Pohl, Carolyn Weber, Amila Cizmic, Corinna Grathwohl, Dirk Sindhu, Markus Schaschek, Axel Baier, Sebastian Schaub, Uwe Großkurth, Eranya Sone Herré, Andrey Vlasov, Dimitry Podanev, Tobias Plettenberg, Thomas Mühlbauer, Irawati Tunggal, Madlen Eichler, Jasmina Cosic, Vera Wolf, Petra Krause, Stephanie Krischer, Matthias Thielmann, Ingo Wiese, Tobias Hillmer, Jörg von Manstein, Markus Deus, Dusko Ljesic, Daniel Roloff, Tim Alabowicz Wolfgang Ristau, Gina Spangel, Johannes Kroll, Fatos Ballazhi, Stoyan Kondov, Matthias Siepe, Bartosz Rylski, Johannes Scheumann, Matthias D’Inka, Matthias Eschenhagen, Yasir Al-Hamami, Nils Bauer, Martin Thoma, Albena Rambach, Christian Ziemann, Gustavo Fernandez Baca Garcia, Julia Morlock, Christoph Benk, Alina Klink, Christoph Maltes, Gabriele Lechner, Veronika Blümel, Ulrike Heizmann, Priscilla Kotzjan, Peter Haldenwang, Mahmoud Elghannam, Dritan Useini, Dirk Buchwald, Bärbel Buchwald, Thomas Schröter, Christian Binner, Philipp Hartung, David Holzhey, Martin Misfeld, Christian Etz, Piroze Davierwala, Sergey Leontyev, Bettina Pfannmüller, Jens Garbade, Konstantin von Aspern, Diyar Saeed, Muhammed Aydin, Jonathan Herzfeld, Stefan Feder, Philipp Kiefer, Anna Meyer, Joerg Seeburger, Philipp Münch, Jörg Prehl, René Ginther, Josephine Koch, Salome Hecht, Hannes Winkler, Berit Fritzsche, Johann Winata, Julia Schmidt, Jakob Labus, Isabell Frei, Volker Schmidt, Katrin Plötze, Susanne Schal, Moritz Immohr, Yukiharu Sugimura, Anne Gietmann, Andreas Simm, Florian Höpfner, Markus Stiller, Kathrin Ludwig, Sven Helms, Jakub Sunavsky, Julia Götte, Markus Rudloff, Andrea Schönbrodt, Swetlana Fink, Ina-Maria Albrecht, Alice Huguette Minko Nnanga, Carola Schneider, Heike Schilling, Tanja Maier, Ralf-Uwe Kühnel, Stelios Ioannou, Anna-Maria Necaev, Torsten Müller, Ralph Bienek, Hendrik Treede, Zaki Kohistani, Touraj Ahmadpour, Sonja Friese, Andreas Oberbach, Maximilian Luehr, Dominik Joskowiak, Joscha Büch
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Cardiac surgery often represents the only treatment option in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). However, IE surgery may lead to a sudden release of inflammatory mediators, which is associated with postoperative organ dysfunction. We investigated the effect of hemoadsorption during IE surgery on postoperative organ dysfunction. Methods: This multicenter, randomized, nonblinded, controlled trial assigned patients undergoing cardiac surgery for IE to hemoadsorption (integration of CytoSorb to cardiopulmonary bypass) or control. The primary outcome (change in sequential organ failure assessment score [ΔSOFA]) was defined as the difference between the mean total postoperative SOFA score, calculated maximally to the 9th postoperative day, and the basal SOFA score. The analysis was by modified intention to treat. A predefined intergroup comparison was performed using a linear mixed model for ΔSOFA including surgeon and baseline SOFA score as fixed effect covariates and with the surgical center as random effect. The SOFA score assesses dysfunction in 6 organ systems, each scored from 0 to 4. Higher scores indicate worsening dysfunction. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor and renal replacement therapy. Cytokines were measured in the first 50 patients. Results: Between January 17, 2018, and January 31, 2020, a total of 288 patients were randomly assigned to hemoadsorption (n=142) or control (n=146). Four patients in the hemoadsorption and 2 in the control group were excluded because they did not undergo surgery. The primary outcome, ΔSOFA, did not differ between the hemoadsorption and the control group (1.79±3.75 and 1.93±3.53, respectively; 95% CI, –1.30 to 0.83; P =0.6766). Mortality at 30 days (21% hemoadsorption versus 22% control; P =0.782), duration of mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor and renal replacement therapy did not differ between groups. Levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 at the end of integration of hemoadsorption to cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly lower in the hemoadsorption than in the control group. Conclusions: This randomized trial failed to demonstrate a reduction in postoperative organ dysfunction through intraoperative hemoadsorption in patients undergoing cardiac surgery for IE. Although hemoadsorption reduced plasma cytokines at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, there was no difference in any of the clinically relevant outcome measures. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03266302.