tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Women Oncologists’ Perceptions and Factors Associated With Decisions to Pursue Academic vs Nonacademic Careers in Oncology
Authors: Emily C. Merfeld, Grace C. Blitzer, Aleksandra Kuczmarska-Haas, Susan C. Pitt, Fumiko Chino, Trang Le, Wendy A. Allen-Rhoades, Suzanne Cole, Ariela L. Marshall, Molly Carnes, Reshma Jagsi, Narjust Duma
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Women outnumber men in US medical school enrollment, but they represent less than 40% of academic oncology faculty. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify the key factors associated with female oncologists' decision to pursue academic or nonacademic oncology practice and to characterize their perceptions about their current career. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional survey study was distributed through email and social media to female physicians in academic and nonacademic oncology practice in the United States. The survey was open for 3 months, from August 1 to October 31, 2020. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> No single primary study outcome was established because of the cross-sectional nature of the survey. Data were collected anonymously and analyzed using<i>t</i>tests for continuous variables and χ<sup>2</sup>tests for categorical variables. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 667 female respondents, 422 (63.2%) identified as academic oncologists and 245 (36.8%) identified as nonacademic oncologists. Approximately 25% of respondents reported that their spouse or partner (156 [23.5%]) and/or family (176 [26.4%]) extremely or moderately affected their decision to pursue academic practice. Academic oncologists perceived the biggest sacrifice of pursuing academics to be time with loved ones (181 [42.9%]). Nonacademic oncologists perceived the biggest sacrifice of pursuing academics to be pressure for academic promotion (102 [41.6%]). Respondents had different perceptions of how their gender affected their ability to obtain a chosen job, with 116 academic oncologists (27.6%) and 101 nonacademic oncologists (41.2%) reporting a positive or somewhat positive impact (<i>P</i> = .001). More than half of the women surveyed (54.6% academic oncologists [230]; 50.6% nonacademic oncologists [123];<i>P</i> = .61) believed they were less likely to be promoted compared with male colleagues. Academic and nonacademic oncologists reported rarely or never having a sense of belonging in their work environment (33 [7.9%] and 5 [2.0%];<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Most respondents reported that they would choose the same career path again (301 academic oncologists [71.3%]; 168 nonacademic oncologists [68.6%]); however, 92 academic oncologists (21.9%) reported they were likely to pursue a career outside of academic oncology in the next 5 years. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This survey study found that a spouse or partner and/or family were factors in the career choice of both academic and nonacademic oncologists and that female gender was largely perceived to adversely affect job promotion. Given that more than 20% of female academic oncologists were considering leaving academia, gender inequality is at high risk of continuing if the culture is not addressed.
Lung Ultrasound B-lines as a Surrogate Marker for High Left Ventricular Diastolic Pressures; a bed-side Diagnostic tool
Authors: Abdulaziz Aboshahba, Alsayed Ali Abdou Almarghany, Moaz Atef Elshahat Abdel ati
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2021)

Background: We studied the diagnostic accuracy of B-lines (comet-tail sign) on bedside lung US, NT-proBNP, E/e` on ECHO in differentiation of the causes of acute dyspnea in the emergency setting. Major advantages include bedside availability, no radiation, high feasibility and reproducibility, and cost efficiency. Methods: Our prospective study was performed at the alazhar university hospital, Cairo, Egypt, between July 2019 and March 2020. All patients underwent lung ultrasound examinations, along with TTE, laboratory testing, including rapid NT-proBNP testing. Results: The median E/e’ levels in patients with B-profile were 18, compared with a median of 7.4 in the subjects with A-profile (P =&lt; 0.0001 CI = -9.649 to -7.044). It was found that the sensitivity and the specificity of detecting B-profile on ultrasound is high when E/e’ &gt; 15.5 (95.0% and 83.0% consecutively), which concluded the high correlation between finding B profile on U/S chest and elevated left ventricle filling pressure in a patient presenting with picture of suggestive of heart failure Conclusion: Chest ultrasound can be used as screening test for the evaluation of patients with suspicion of heart failure with excellent sensitivity and good specificity.
Regeneration of immunocompetent B lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells guided by transcription factors
Authors: Qi Zhang, Bingyan Wu, Qitong Weng, Fangxiao Hu, Yunqing Lin, Chengxiang Xia, Huan Peng, Yao Wang, Xiaofei Liu, Lijuan Liu, Jiapin Xiong, Yang Geng, Yalan Zhao, Mengyun Zhang, Juan Du, Jinyong Wang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2021)

Regeneration of functional B lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is challenging, and reliable methods have not been developed. Here, we unveiled the guiding role of three essential factors, Lhx2, Hoxa9, and Runx1, the simultaneous expression of which preferentially drives B lineage fate commitment and in vivo B lymphopoiesis using PSCs as a cell source. In the presence of Lhx2, Hoxa9, and Runx1 expression, PSC-derived induced hematopoietic progenitors (iHPCs) immediately gave rise to pro/pre-B cells in recipient bone marrow, which were able to further differentiate into entire B cell lineages, including innate B-1a, B-1b, and marginal zone B cells, as well as adaptive follicular B cells. In particular, the regenerative B cells produced adaptive humoral immune responses, sustained antigen-specific antibody production, and formed immune memory in response to antigen challenges. The regenerative B cells showed natural B cell development patterns of immunoglobulin chain switching and hypermutation via cross-talk with host T follicular helper cells, which eventually formed T cell-dependent humoral responses. This study exhibits de novo evidence that B lymphopoiesis can be regenerated from PSCs via an HSC-independent approach, which provides insights into treating B cell-related deficiencies using PSCs as an unlimited cell resource.
SETD5 Modulates Hematopoietic Stem Cells Homeostasis By Mediating RNA Polymerase II Pausing in Cooperation with HCF-1
Authors: Mengke Li, Yajing Chu, Chen Qiu, Yujie Bian, Deyang Shi, Bichen Wang, Qiuyi Ma, Xiaomin Wang, Jun Shi, Ping Zhu, Tao Cheng, Weiping Yuan
Journal: Blood (2021)
<b>Erratum for the Research Article: “Macrophage migration inhibitory factor drives pathology in a mouse model of spondyloarthritis and is associated with human disease” by A. Nakamura, F. Zeng, S. Nakamura, K. T. Reid, E. Gracey, M. Lim, L. Leng, S. Jo, Y.-S. Park, M. Kusuda, R. Machhar, S. F. Boroojeni, B. Wu, E. Rossomacha, T.-H. Kim, F. Ciccia, J. S. Rockel, M. Kapoor, R. D. Inman, I. Jurisica, S. Q. Crome, R. Bucala, N. Haroon</b>
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

[Figure: see text].
4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022</i>
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
ERS statement on paediatric long-term noninvasive respiratory support
Authors: Brigitte Fauroux, François Abel, Alessandro Amaddeo, Elisabetta Bignamini, Elaine Chan, Linda Corel, Renato Cutrera, Refika Ersu, Sophie Installe, Sonia Khirani, Uros Krivec, Omendra Narayan, Joanna MacLean, Valeria Perez De Sa, Marti Pons-Odena, Florian Stehling, Rosario Trindade Ferreira, Stijn Verhulst
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Long-term noninvasive respiratory support, comprising continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV), in children is expanding worldwide, with increasing complexities of children being considered for this type of ventilator support and expanding indications such as palliative care. There have been improvements in equipment and interfaces. Despite growing experience, there are still gaps in a significant number of areas: there is a lack of validated criteria for CPAP/NIV initiation, optimal follow-up and monitoring; weaning and long-term benefits have not been evaluated. Therapeutic education of the caregivers and the patient is of paramount importance, as well as continuous support and assistance, in order to achieve optimal adherence. The preservation or improvement of the quality of life of the patient and caregivers should be a concern for all children treated with long-term CPAP/NIV. As NIV is a highly specialised treatment, patients are usually managed by an experienced paediatric multidisciplinary team. This statement written by experts in the field of paediatric long-term CPAP/NIV aims to emphasise the most recent scientific input and should open up new perspectives and research areas.
Smad7 effects on TGF-β and ErbB2 restrain myofibroblast activation and protect from postinfarction heart failure
Authors: Claudio Humeres, Arti V. Shinde, Anis Hanna, Linda Alex, Silvia C. Hernández, Ruoshui Li, Bijun Chen, Simon J. Conway, Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Repair of the infarcted heart requires TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in cardiac myofibroblasts. However, TGF-β–driven myofibroblast activation needs to be tightly regulated in order to prevent excessive fibrosis and adverse remodeling that may precipitate heart failure. We hypothesized that induction of the inhibitory Smad, Smad7, may restrain infarct myofibroblast activation, and we examined the molecular mechanisms of Smad7 actions. In a mouse model of nonreperfused infarction, Smad3 activation triggered Smad7 synthesis in α-SMA+ infarct myofibroblasts, but not in α-SMA–PDGFRα+ fibroblasts. Myofibroblast-specific Smad7 loss increased heart failure–related mortality, worsened dysfunction, and accentuated fibrosis in the infarct border zone and in the papillary muscles. Smad7 attenuated myofibroblast activation and reduced synthesis of structural and matricellular extracellular matrix proteins. Smad7 effects on TGF-β cascades involved deactivation of Smad2/3 and non-Smad pathways, without any effects on TGF-β receptor activity. Unbiased transcriptomic and proteomic analysis identified receptor tyrosine kinase signaling as a major target of Smad7. Smad7 interacted with ErbB2 in a TGF-β–independent manner and restrained ErbB1/ErbB2 activation, suppressing fibroblast expression of fibrogenic proteases, integrins, and CD44. Smad7 induction in myofibroblasts serves as an endogenous TGF-β–induced negative feedback mechanism that inhibits postinfarction fibrosis by restraining Smad-dependent and Smad-independent TGF-β responses, and by suppressing TGF-β–independent fibrogenic actions of ErbB2.
Anti-spike antibodies and neutralising antibody activity in people living with HIV vaccinated with COVID-19 mRNA-1273 vaccine: a prospective single-centre cohort study
Authors: Andrea Lombardi, Giacomo M. Butta, Lorena Donnici, Giorgio Bozzi, Massimo Oggioni, Patrizia Bono, Malvina Matera, Dario Consonni, Serena Ludovisi, Antonio Muscatello, Ferruccio Ceriotti, Matteo Conti, Susanna Scaglioni, Greta Gallo, Edoardo Scarpa, Michael Letko, Sergio Abrignani, Renata Grifantini, Raffaele De Francesco, Andrea Gori, Lara Manganaro, Alessandra Bandera
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

Vaccines against COVID-19 are a powerful tool to control the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A thorough description of their immunogenicity among people living with HIV (PLWHIV) is necessary. We aimed to assess the immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 vaccine among PLWHIV.In this prospective cohort, adult PLWHIV outpatients were enrolled during the Italian vaccination campaign. Enrolment was allowed irrespective of ongoing combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), plasma HIV viral load and CD4+ T cell count. A two-dose regimen of mRNA-1273, with administrations performed 28 days apart, was employed. The primary outcomes were anti-spike (anti-S) antibody titres and neutralising antibody activity, assessed 28 days after completing the vaccination schedule. A convenient sample of individuals not affected by HIV was also collected to serve as control (referred as healthy-donors, HDs).We enrolled 71 PLWHIV, mostly male (84·5%), with a mean age of 47 years, a median CD4+ T cell count of 747·0 cells per µL and a median HIV viral load <50 copies/mL. COVID-19-experienced PLWHIV displayed higher anti-S antibody titres (p=0·0007) and neutralising antibody activity in sera (p=0·0007) than COVID-19-naïve PLWHIV. When stratified according to CD4+ T cell count (<350 cells/μL, 350-500 cells/μL, >500 cells/μL), anti-S antibody titres (6/71, median 2173 U/mL [IQR 987-4109]; 7/71, 5763 IU/mL [IQR 4801->12500]; 58/71, 2449 U/mL [IQR 1524-5704]) were not lower to those observed among HDs (10, median 1425 U/mL [IQR 599-6131]). In addition, neutralising antibody activity, stratified according to the CD4+ T cell count (6/71, median 1314 [IQR 606-2477]; 7/71, 3329 IU/mL [IQR 1905-10508]; 58/71, 1227 U/mL [IQR 761-3032]), was like those displayed by HDs (10, median 2112 U/mL [IQR 719-8889]).In our cohort of PLWHIV with well-controlled ART, stable viral suppression and robust CD4+ T cell count, inoculation with mRNA-1273 vaccine given 4 weeks apart produced detectable humoral immune response, similar to individuals without HIV infection, supporting vaccination in PLWHIV.This study was partially supported by Italian Ministry of Health Ricerca Corrente 2021, by Intesa San Paolo COVID-19 emergency 2020 funds, and by Fondazione Cariplo Grant (INNATE-CoV).
Evolution of Survival Impact of Molecular Target Agents in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kazufumi Kobayashi, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Aya Takahashi, Yuya Seko, Hidemi Unozawa, Rui Sato, Shunji Watanabe, Michihisa Moriguchi, Naoki Morimoto, Satoshi Tsuchiya, Kenji Iwai, Masanori Inoue, Keita Ogawa, Takamasa Ishino, Terunao Iwanaga, Takafumi Sakuma, Naoto Fujita, Hiroaki Kanzaki, Keisuke Koroki, Masato Nakamura, Naoya Kanogawa, Soichiro Kiyono, Takayuki Kondo, Tomoko Saito, Ryo Nakagawa, Eiichiro Suzuki, Yoshihiko Ooka, Shingo Nakamoto, Akinobu Tawada, Tetsuhiro Chiba, Makoto Arai, Tatsuo Kanda, Hitoshi Maruyama, Kengo Nagashima, Jun Kato, Norio Isoda, Takeshi Aramaki, Yoshito Itoh, Naoya Kato
Journal: Liver Cancer (2021)

The prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is expected to improve as multiple molecular target agents (MTAs) are now available. However, the impact of the availability of sequential MTAs has not been fully verified yet.We retrospectively collected the data on the whole clinical course of 877 patients who received any MTAs as first-line systemic therapy for advanced HCC between June 2009 and March 2019. The study population was divided into 3 groups according to the date of first-line MTA administration (period 1: 2009-2012, n = 267; period 2: 2013-2016, n = 352; period 3: 2017-2019, n = 258). Then, we compared the number of MTAs used, overall survival (OS), and MTA treatment duration among the 3 groups. Analysis was also performed separately for advanced-stage and nonadvanced-stage HCC. The proportion of patients who received multiple MTAs was remarkably increased over time (1.1%, 10.2%, and 42.6% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively, p < 0.001). The median OS times were prolonged to 10.4, 11.3, and 15.2 months in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.016). Similarly, the MTA treatment durations were extended (2.7, 3.2, and 6.6 months in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively; p < 0.001). We confirmed that the correlation between OS and MTA treatment duration was strengthened (period 1: 0.395, period 2: 0.505, and period 3: 0.667). All these trends were pronounced in the patients with advanced-stage HCC but limited in the patients with nonadvanced-stage HCC.The availability of multiple MTAs had steadily improved the prognosis of patients with advanced HCC patients, particularly advanced-stage HCC patients.
Beyond hydrophilic polymers in amphiphilic polymer-based self-assembled NanoCarriers: Small hydrophilic carboxylate-capped disulfide drug delivery system and its multifunctionality and multispatial targetability
Authors: Yeon Su Choi, Hana Cho, Won-Gu Choi, Sung Su Lee, Kang Moo Huh, Min Suk Shim, In Suh Park, Yong-Yeon Cho, Joo Young Lee, Hye Suk Lee, Han Chang Kang
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)
Evaluation of Disease Complications Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan
Authors: Chia-Hung Lin, Fu-Sung Lo, Yu-Yao Huang, Jui-Hung Sun, Szu-Tah Chen, Chang-Fu Kuo, Mei-Yun Hsieh, Sheng-Hwu Hsieh
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and a family history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) appear to be at a high risk of diabetes complications and other cardiovascular diseases. However, estimates of individual risks in patients in Taiwan are largely unavailable or unreliable. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the risk of diabetes complications and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with T1D with a family history of T2D. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A population-based cohort study used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Participants included all individuals registered in that database on December 31, 2017, and followed up since March 1, 1995. The data were analyzed from December 6, 2018, to December 5, 2019. <h3>Exposure</h3> Patients with T1D and a family history of T2D were evaluated. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The prevalence and hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes complications and other cardiovascular diseases in patients with T1D were analyzed. The MACEs were identified by diagnostic or procedural codes and heritability was formulated by the registry data of beneficiaries. <h3>Results</h3> Of 27 370 965 individuals included in the database, 11 237 (mean [SD] age, 22.7 [14.4] years; 54% were female) had T1D. The crude prevalence of T1D was 0.04%, with a female to male ratio of 1.22: 1. The adjusted HRs in individuals who had a first-degree relative with T2D were 2.61 (95% CI, 1.32-5.16) for MACEs at an age at diagnosis of less than 20 years. Adjusted HRs were 1.44 (95% CI, 1.27-1.64) for diabetic neuropathy, 1.28 (95% CI, 1.12-1.47) for retinopathy, and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.06-1.47) for neuropathy at all ages of diagnosis. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study of patients in Taiwan with T1D, having relatives with T2D was associated with an increase in the individual risks of developing diabetes complications. Patients with T1D and a family history of T2D might have more complications and require close management.
Annals Graphic Medicine - A Differing Perspective
Authors: Sara Mirza
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Web ExclusivesDecember 2021Annals Graphic Medicine - A Differing PerspectiveFREESara MirzaSara MirzaKing's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G21-0019 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Ibrahim GhobrialUPMC Mercy13 December 2021 Different Perspective Very true. Superb talent. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.M.)Disclosures: The author has reported no disclosures of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G21-0019.Author/Illustrator Information: Sara Mirza is a final-year medical student (e-mail, sara.[email protected]ac.uk).This article was published at Annals.org on 14 December 2021. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics December 2021Volume 174, Issue 12Page: W120-W121 ePublished: 14 December 2021 Issue Published: December 2021 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2021 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The circular RNA circDLG1 promotes gastric cancer progression and anti-PD-1 resistance through the regulation of CXCL12 by sponging miR-141-3p
Authors: Dong-Liang Chen, Hui Sheng, Dong-Sheng Zhang, Ying Jin, Bai-Tian Zhao, Nuo Chen, Kang Song, Rui-Hua Xu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2021)

Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) plays an important role in the development of gastric cancer; thus, revealing the biological and molecular mechanisms of abnormally expressed circRNAs is critical for identifying novel therapeutic targets in gastric cancer.A circRNA microarray was performed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs between primary and distant metastatic tissues and between gastric cancer tissues sensitive or resistant to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) therapy. The expression of circRNA discs large homolog 1 (DLG1) was determined in a larger cohort of primary and distant metastatic gastric cancer tissues. The role of circDLG1 in gastric cancer progression was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro, and the effect of circDLG1 on the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 was evaluated in vivo. The interaction between circDLG1 and miR-141-3p was assessed by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays.circDLG1 was significantly upregulated in distant metastatic lesions and gastric cancer tissues resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy and was associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype and adverse prognosis in gastric cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. Ectopic circDLG1 expression promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and immune evasion of gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, circDLG1 interacted with miR-141-3p and acted as a miRNA sponge to increase the expression of CXCL12, which promoted gastric cancer progression and resistance to anti-PD-1-based therapy.Overall, our findings demonstrate how circDLG1 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and immune evasion and provide a new perspective on the role of circRNAs during gastric cancer progression.
Outpatient Respiratory Management of Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Post-Prematurity Respiratory Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: A. Ioana Cristea, Clement L. Ren, Reshma Amin, Laurie C. Eldredge, Jonathan C. Levin, Parevi P. Majmudar, Anne E. May, Rebecca S. Rose, Michael C. Tracy, Karen F. Watters, Julian Allen, Eric D. Austin, Mary E. Cataletto, Joseph M. Collaco, Robert J. Fleck, Andrew Gelfand, Don Hayes, Marcus H. Jones, Sheila S. Kun, Erica W. Mandell, Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow, Howard B. Panitch, Rizwana Popatia, Lawrence M. Rhein, Alejandro Teper, Jason C. Woods, Narayan Iyer, Christopher D. Baker
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<Summary of Recommendation...IntroductionUse of These GuidelinesDefinition of PPRDMethodsResultsLimitations and Future Re...ConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES