tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies and aspirin desensitization for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Paul Oykhman, Fernando Aleman Paramo, Jean Bousquet, David W. Kennedy, Romina Brignardello-Petersen, Derek K. Chu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory condition of the upper airways. Optimal management is unclear.We compared the effects of mAbs and aspirin desensitization (ASA-D) for treatment of CRSwNP.We searched the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, US Food and Drug Administration, and the European Medicines Agency databases from inception to August 4, 2021, for randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of mAbs and ASA-D for CRSwNP. We conducted network meta-analysis of sinusitis symptoms, heath-related quality of life, rescue oral corticosteroids and surgery, endoscopic and radiologic scores, and adverse events. We used the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess certainty of evidence. PROSPERO CRD42020177334.Twenty-nine randomized controlled trials evaluating 8 treatments (n = 3461) were included in the network meta-analysis. Compared to placebo, moderate to high certainty evidence showed that health-related quality of life (SNOT-22) improved with dupilumab (mean difference [MD] -19.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) -22.50, -17.32]), omalizumab (MD -16.09 [95% CI -19.88, -12.30]), mepolizumab (MD -12.89 [95% CI -16.58, -9.19], ASA-D (MD -10.61 [95% CI -14.51, -6.71]), and benralizumab (MD -7.68 [95% CI -12.09, -3.27]). The risk of rescue nasal polyp surgery likely decreased with dupilumab (risk difference [RD] -16.35% [95% CI -18.13, -13.48]), omalizumab (RD -7.40% [95% CI -11.04, -2.43]), mepolizumab (RD -12.33% [95% CI -15.56, -7.22]), and ASA-D (RD -16.00% [95% CI -19.79, 0.21]; all moderate certainty). Comparisons among agents show with moderate to high certainty that dupilumab ranks among the most beneficial for 7 of 7 outcomes, omalizumab for 2 of 7, mepolizumab for 1 of 7, and ASA-D for 1 of 7.Multiple biologics and ASA-D credibly improve patient-important outcomes, with clinically important differences in effects among agents; dupilumab uniquely ranks among the most beneficial for all outcomes studied.
Lung Cancer in Belgium
Authors: Sebahat Ocak, Kurt Tournoy, Thierry Berghmans, Ingel Demedts, Rodolphe Durieux, Annelies Janssens, Luigi Moretti, Kristiaan Nackaerts, Thierry Pieters, Veerle Surmont, Liesbet Van Eycken, France Vrijens, Birgit Weynand, Jan P. van Meerbeeck
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Feasibility of a child life specialist program for oncology patients with minor children at home: Qualitative analysis.
Authors: David Lysecki, Daryl Bainbridge, Tracy Akitt, Georgia Georgiou, Ralph M. Meyer, Jonathan Sussman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

30 Background: Up to 24% of adult oncology patients have minor children at home, who may experience negative short- and long-term health outcomes as a result. Typical support networks often fail to meet the needs of these families. To address this, an innovative Child Life Specialist (CLS) program was embedded within the psychosocial support team at a tertiary oncology center. The program provided direct consultation to families (adults and children) including guidance on talking with children, provision of resources, diagnostic teaching, end-of-life support, grief support, and emotional expression. Methods: To understand the feasibility of this program (including acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, adaptation, integration, expansion, and preliminary measures of impact), we collected 360-degree feedback from impacted stakeholders. At least two months following an encounter with the CLS, families were offered participation in a semi-structured interview (via purposive selection to capture multiple perspectives, including patients, non-patient parents/family members, and children aged 10-17). At the end of the pilot, two focus groups were held consisting of clinicians who engaged with the program. A thematic analysis was completed from the interview/focus group discussion transcripts. Results: 15 interviews were completed with adults (ten with patients, five with non-patient parents/other family members). Emergent themes were: Establishing comfort, Allaying parent apprehension, Coaching and reassurance, Value added, Integration, Impact of Covid-19, and Areas for development. In three interviews with children, the emergent themes were: Building rapport, Developmentally appropriate approaches, Understanding and managing emotions, Improving communication, and Areas for development. The first focus group included the CLS and two clinical leads of the psychosocial support team. Emergent themes from this discussion were: Promotion of the program, Accessibility, Role of social work, Impact of Covid-19, and Adopting a virtual approach. The second focus group consisted of three inpatient social workers, and the emergent themes were: Expertise, Accessibility, Allaying parent apprehension, Value added, Impact of Covid-19, and Areas for development. Synthesis of data identified five overall key themes: Awareness, Integration, Value added, Family-centered care, and Impact of Covid-19. Conclusions: This study conducted qualitative analysis of 360-degree feedback on the CLS pilot program. The analysis demonstrated that program was felt to add value, integrate well with current systems, and represent high-quality, family-centered care. This pilot occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic, the impacts of which were represented in this study.
Why the NHS has slipped to fourth in healthcare ranking of 11 richest countries
Authors: John Puntis
Journal: BMJ (2021)

It is disheartening, if not surprising, to see the NHS slipping to 4th in the Commonwealth Fund ranking of healthcare in 11 rich countries.1 The authors of the report cite delays in accessing care and treatment, and lack of investment in the service as contributing factors for this decline.2 Nearly 60% of adults in the UK find it somewhat or very difficult …
P02.01 A strategy to personalize the use of radiation in patients with brain metastasis based on S100A9-mediated resistance
Authors: L Miarka, C Monteiro, C Dalmasso, N Yebra, C Fustero-Torre, A Hegarty, S Keelan, Y Goy, M Mohme, E Caleiras, D Vareslija, L Young, R Soffietti, J Fernández-Alén, G Blasco, L Alcázar, J Sepúlveda, A Pérez, A Lain, A Siegfried, H Wikman, E Cohen-Jonathan Moyal, M Valiente
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Finding effective treatment options for patients with brain metastasis remains an unmet need. Given the limitations imposed by the blood-brain-barrier for systemic approaches, radiotherapy offers a superior ability to access the brain. While clinical practice recently adapted the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), Whole-Brain-Radiotherapy (WBRT) continuous to be an important treatment option, since many patients present with multifocal lesions or bad performance scores, rendering them ineligible for SRS. Unfortunately, overall survival of patients remains unaffected by radiotherapy. Despite this clinical data, the molecular mechanisms that allow metastatic cells to resist radiotherapy in the brain is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have applied WBRT to experimental brain metastasis from lung and breast adenocarcinoma and validated their resistance in vivo. RESULTS An unbiased search to identify potential mediators of resistance identified the S100A9-RAGE-NFκB-JunB pathway. Targeting this pathway genetically reverts the resistance to radiotherapy and increases therapeutic benefits in vivo. In two independent cohorts of brain metastasis from lung and breast adenocarcinoma patients, levels of S100A9 correlate with the response to radiotherapy, offering a novel approach to stratify patients according to their expected benefit. In order to make this biomarker also available for brain metastasis patients receiving palliative WBRT without preceding surgery, we complemented our tumor-specimen based approach with the less invasive detection of S100A9 from liquid biopsies. Here, serum S100A9 also correlated with a worse response to WBRT in brain metastasis patients. Furthermore, we have validated the use of a blood-brain-barrier permeable RAGE inhibitor to restore radio-sensitivity in experimental brain metastasis models in vivo and in patient-derived organotypic cultures of radio-resistant brain metastasis ex vivo. CONCLUSION We identified S100A9 as a major mediator of radio-resistance in brain metastasis and offer the molecular framework to personalize radiotherapy by exploiting it as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target, thus maximizing the benefits for the patient.
An evaluation of patient workflow in hematology clinics at a university hospital referred for the workup of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).
Authors: Swarup Kumar, Radhika B Kulkarni, Gonca Ozcan, Asha Tipirneni, Ritika Vankina, W. Jeffrey Baker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

207 Background: Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) is an asymptomatic premalignant condition that can be a precursor to multiple myeloma and lymphoproliferative disorders. There exists no best practice for the workup of MGUS, despite the number of patients diagnosed every year. We evaluated the workup of MGUS patients at a University Hospital Hematology clinic before and after implementation of an algorithm based on the Mayo Clinic Risk Stratification Model. Methods: This was a single-center IRB-approved retrospective study. Charts of 132 patients referred for MGUS were reviewed across two groups (A: June 2019 -May 2020 and B: June-Dec 2020). Use of the Mayo Clinic Risk Stratification Model for MGUS was implemented in May 2020. Data regarding initial work up, bone marrow studies and imaging were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using R software for computing (4.0.4). Results: Patient demographics and those who did not need further work up per the algorithm are summarized in table. All 86 new (100%) referrals had an initial CBC, creatinine, calcium, SPEP, and IFE while 7(8.1%) did not have an FLC assay. 43(50%) patients had a 24-hour urine protein electrophoresis. 65.1% (56/86) [group A: 26; group B: 30] met the criteria for no extended workup; 39.3% of these (22/56) underwent imaging while 7.1% (4/56) underwent bone marrow exam. After implementation of the algorithm, the number of patients who underwent imaging studies decreased from 50% (13/26) to 30% (9/30). Skeletal survey was the most ordered imaging modality (90.1%,20/22). Conclusions: Our study highlights the overutilization of imaging studies in low-risk MGUS patients. Approximately 50% of patients with MGUS are low risk with a lifetime risk of progression being less than 2%. In these patients avoiding extensive testing will minimize costs without adversely affecting clinical outcomes. We recommend a dedicated MGUS clinic to improve workup and monitoring of these patients. [Table: see text]
The Need for Reproductive Justice in Pediatrics
Authors: Rachel E. Cohen, Tracey A. Wilkinson, Michelle Staples-Horne
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Distinct tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte landscapes are associated with clinical outcomes in localized non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: L. Federico, D.J. McGrail, S.-E. Bentebibel, C. Haymaker, A. Ravelli, M.-A. Forget, T. Karpinets, P. Jiang, A. Reuben, M.V. Negrao, J. Li, R. Khairullah, J. Zhang, A. Weissferdt, A.A. Vaporciyan, M.B. Antonoff, G. Walsh, S.-Y. Lin, A. Futreal, I. Wistuba, J. Roth, L.A. Byers, P.-O. Gaudreau, N. Uraoka, A.F. Cruz, H. Dejima, R.N. Lazcano, L.M. Solis, E.R. Parra, J.J. Lee, S. Swisher, T. Cascone, J.V. Heymach, J. Zhang, B. Sepesi, D.L. Gibbons, C. Bernatchez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
First-in-class KAT6A/KAT6B inhibitor CTx-648 (PF-9363) demonstrates potent anti-tumor activity in ER plus breast cancer with KAT6A dysregulation.
Authors: Shikhar Sharma, Jay Chung, Sean Uryu, Amanda Rickard, Natalie Nady, Showkhin Khan, Zhenxiong Wang, Yong Zhang, Haikuo Zhang, Pei-Pei Kung, Eric Greenwald, Karen Maegley, Patrick Bingham, Hieu Lam, Ylva E Bozikis, Hendrik Falk, Elizabeth Allan, Vicky M Avery, Miriam S Butler, Michelle A Camerino, Catalina Carrasco-Pozo, Susan A Charman, Melissa J Davis, Mark A Dawson, Dawson Sarah-Jane, Melanie de Silva, Matthew L Dennis, Olan Dolezal, Rachel Lagiakos, Geoffrey J Lindeman, Laura MacPherson, Stewart Nuttall, Thomas S Peat, Bin Ren, Alexandra E Stupple, Elliot Surgenor, Chin Wee Tan, Tim Thomas, Jane E Visvader, Anne K Voss, Francois Vaillant, Karen L White, James Whittle, Yuqing Yang, Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh, Paul A Stupple, Ian P Street, Brendon J Monahan, Thomas Paul
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)
A Unifying Approach for GFR Estimation: Recommendations of the NKF-ASN Task Force on Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Diagnosing Kidney Disease
Authors: Cynthia Delgado, Mukta Baweja, Deidra C. Crews, Nwamaka D. Eneanya, Crystal A. Gadegbeku, Lesley A. Inker, Mallika L. Mendu, W. Greg Miller, Marva M. Moxey-Mims, Glenda V. Roberts, Wendy L. St. Peter, Curtis Warfield, Neil R. Powe
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

In response to a national call for re-evaluation of the use of race in clinical algorithms, the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) established a Task Force to reassess inclusion of race in the estimation of GFR in the United States and its implications for diagnosis and management of patients with, or at risk for, kidney diseases.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) in an Australian outpatient oncology setting.
Authors: Kate Webber, Olivia Cook, Michelle White, Alastair Kwok, Eva Segelov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

195 Background: PROMs and PREMs may be useful tools to reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients’ wellbeing and care. This analysis compares baseline self-reported quality of life (QoL), symptoms and supportive care needs between two independent patient groups based on when and how they attended their oncology appointment: 1) in person, prior to the global declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic and; 2) via telehealth, during the pandemic. Methods: Patients were invited to complete a suite of PROMs and PREMs including the EQ-5D-5L, modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Revised (ESAS-R) and the modified Supportive Care Needs Survey Short-Form (SCNS-SF34) on an iPad in the waiting room before each appointment (pre-COVID-19 pandemic phase, December 2019 to March 2020) or online prior to a telehealth appointment (COVID-19 pandemic phase, October 2020 to April 2021). Descriptive statistics were reported for clinical and demographic factors and the PROMs and PREMs. Baseline scores from pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 cohorts were compared using t-tests and chi-square tests. Results: In the pre-COVID-19 phase, 100 patients (99 females, 60.7 years old) participated compared with 129 patients (128 females, 59.7 years old) in the COVID-19 phase. Primary cancer diagnoses were breast (pre-COVID-19 68%, COVID-19 71%), gynaecological (pre-COVID-19 31%, COVID-19 37%) and lung (pre-COVID-19 1%) cancers. Mean age, gender, relationship status, language spoken, cancer diagnoses, and staging were similar, all p &gt; 0.05. Median self-rated health (EQ-VAS score) was also similar between the pre-COVID-19 phase (74, IQR 33) and the COVID-19 phase (75, IQR 34), p = 0.51. Median ESAS-R swelling/lymphoedema score was higher for the COVID-19 phase (1, IQR 3) than the pre-COVID-19 phase (0, IQR 3), p = 0.03. Median SCNS standardised psychological domain score was lower for the COVID-19 phase (35, IQR 40) compared with the pre-COVID-19 phase (45, IQR 42), p = 0.03. No other significant differences in symptoms or unmet needs were noted (all p &gt; 0.05). The top three symptoms concerns (ESAS-R score ≥7) were: 1) tiredness (pre-COVID-19 33%, COVID-19 22.7%); 2) sleep problems (pre-COVID-19 24.5%, COVID-19 21.9%); 3) drowsiness (pre-COVID-19 21.2%) and concentration and memory (COVID-19 19.5%). Conclusions: Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, these data reflect the symptoms and concerns impacting on the QoL among Australian oncology patients have remained largely stable. Although Australian COVID-19 case numbers have remained low, PROMs and PREMs are crucial tools for continuing to support oncology patients with QoL and supportive needs in the pandemic era. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12619001470189.
<i>M</i><i>ycoplasma pneumoniae</i> carriage evades induction of protective mucosal antibodies
Authors: Ruben Cornelis Anthonie de Groot, Silvia Cristina Estevão, Patrick Michael Meyer Sauteur, Aditya Perkasa, Theo Hoogenboezem, Emiel Benny Margriet Spuesens, Lilly Maria Verhagen, Anna Maria Christiane van Rossum, Wendy Wilhelmina Josephina Unger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in children hospitalised for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Prevention of infection by vaccines may be an important strategy in the presence of emerging macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae. However, knowledge of immune responses to M. pneumoniae is limited, complicating vaccine design.We studied the antibody response during M. pneumoniae respiratory tract infection and asymptomatic carriage in two different cohorts.In a nested case-control study (n=80) of M. pneumoniae carriers and matched controls we observed that carriage by M. pneumoniae does not lead to a rise in either mucosal or systemic M. pneumoniae-specific antibodies, even after months of persistent carriage. We replicated this finding in a second cohort (n=69) and also found that during M. pneumoniae CAP, mucosal levels of M. pneumoniae-specific IgA and IgG did increase significantly. In vitro adhesion assays revealed that high levels of M. pneumoniae-specific antibodies in nasal secretions of paediatric patients prevented the adhesion of M. pneumoniae to respiratory epithelial cells.Our study demonstrates that M. pneumoniae-specific mucosal antibodies protect against bacterial adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells, and are induced only during M. pneumoniae infection and not during asymptomatic carriage. This is strikingly different from carriage with bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae where mucosal antibodies are induced by bacterial carriage.
Umami-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome is mediated by nucleotide degradation and uric acid generation
Authors: Ana Andres-Hernando, Christina Cicerchi, Masanari Kuwabara, David J. Orlicky, Laura Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada, Takahiko Nakagawa, Richard J. Johnson, Miguel A. Lanaspa
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2021)
T cell immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (Alpha and Delta) in infected and vaccinated individuals
Authors: Stanley C. Jordan, Bong-Ha Shin, Terry-Ann M. Gadsden, Maggie Chu, Anna Petrosyan, Catherine N. Le, Rachel Zabner, Jillian Oft, Isabel Pedraza, Susan Cheng, Ashley Vo, Noriko Ammerman, Jasmine Plummer, Shili Ge, Max Froch, Anders Berg, Mieko Toyoda, Ruan Zhang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2021)
Safety and feasibility of a nurse-led ambulatory abdominal paracentesis service.
Authors: Kim Hua Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

63 Background: Ascites is a common complication of cancer. Symptomatic ascites contributes to cancer-related morbidity and is distressing for patients (pts). Therapeutic abdominal paracentesis (TAP) provides symptom relief but requires specialized procedural knowledge and is usually performed in the inpatient setting with several days of hospitalization. Additionally, high hospital bed occupancy during the COVID-19 pandemic prevented timely admission for TAP. An Advanced Practice Nurse (APN)-led ambulatory TAP service was introduced at our center, with the aim of improving access to TAP and reducing hospital bed occupancy. Methods: A multidisciplinary team developed workflows and safety guidelines for TAP to enable right-siting of pts in a cancer day care unit. Pts were scheduled for radiologically guided insertion of abdominal drains in the morning before 10am to allow adequate time for drainage. Pre-procedure clinical examination and safety checks were performed by APNs in the day unit. Following the procedure, abdominal fluid was drained with concurrent administration of 20% IV albumin. Drains were removed by the APN and pts were examined before discharge on the same day. Data for all cancer pts requiring TAP in the day unit and hospital from 1 Jan to 30 Nov 2020 were extracted from the electronic medical record system. The primary outcome was length-of-stay (LOS). The primary safety outcome was adverse events in the day unit. Continuous data were compared using the t-test. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 22. Results: The number of TAPs performed in the day unit and general ward requiring hospitalization were 102 and 133, respectively. There was a significant reduction in average LOS with TAPs performed in the day unit vs. hospitalization (1.48 vs. 5.82 days, p&lt;0.001) (Table). The mean difference was 4.34 (95% confidence interval 3.33 - 5.34) days saved per pt, or a saving of 443 inpatient bed days. The TAP day unit service encountered 10 adverse events (AEs) requiring admission to the ward for continued drainage. AEs were borderline baseline blood pressure, pt frailty and inability to care for an indwelling catheter. There were no infective or bleeding complications. The majority of TAPs (86.8%) were performed in one day, with the remainder over 2-days with the abdominal drain left in-situ and reattendance at the day unit the next day for further drainage. Differences in average length-of-stay with TAP in the hospital vs. day unit. Conclusions: An APN-led ambulatory abdominal paracentesis service is a safe alternative to inpatient paracentesis. Optimal utilization of a day unit enabled reduced LOS for pts with advanced cancer. This reduction in LOS was critical during a pandemic where bed demand was high. This was possible from advanced scheduling and control over the day unit capacity.[Table: see text]