tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Why I . . . practise yoga
Authors: Helen Jones
Journal: BMJ (2021)

a form of yoga called Ashtanga Vinyasa, which synchronises movement with the breath in a flowing sequence of postures.What began as a hobby when she was at university has evolved into something that is much more than a lifestyle choice for Topan.Her daily practice is an essential part of her routine."Most days, my personal practice takes between 10 and 30 minutes," she says."If I know I have a busy working day then I leave my mat rolled out the night before.It's about creating a setting where it's harder not to practise than to practise."Topan, who is currently a research fellow at the Wingate Institute for Neurogastroenterology, studying the role of lifestyle factors on disorders of gut-brain interaction, says that yoga has significant benefits for her mental and physical health."In modern life we are prone to our bodies under-functioning or over-functioning, but yoga offers the ability to strengthen our skeleton, to prevent joint problems, to increase our muscle tone, and move in ways outside our automatic patterns.
Myocardial ischemia due to infrarenal aortic cross-clamping during aortic surgery in patients with severe coronary artery disease.
Authors: R RAttia, J DMurphy, MSnider, D GLappas, R CDarling, ELowenstein
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Hemodynamic measurements were performed and ECG recorded before and shortly after infrarenal aortic cross-clamping during operation for abdominal aortic aneurysm in five patients without evidence of heart disease (group I) and in ten patients with severe coronary artery disease (group II). All patients sustained an increase in systemic arterial pressure. Group I demonstrated a decrease in pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillary wedge (PCW), and central venous pressures when the aorta was clamped, whereas group II demonstrated an increase. The difference in response of the groups is significant (P less than 0.05). All three patients who responded to cross-clamping with increases of 7 mm Hg or greater in PCW demonstrated myocardial ischemia during cross-clamping. None of the values measured prior to cross-clamping predicted with certainty the response to cross-clamping. Sodium nitroprusside reversed the elevation of left ventricular filling pressure in all three patients, and in two patients, relieved evidenc...
Effect of reduced energy metabolism and reperfusion on the permeability and morphology of the capillaries of an isolated rete mirabile.
Authors: E ARasio, MBendayan, C AGoresky
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The effects of reduction in energy metabolism were explored in the eel rete mirabile, an organ composed predominantly of capillaries. In vitro experiments showed that glycolysis is the major pathway of energy production in this capillary tissue, and that iodoacetate, KCN, and low PO2 in combination markedly reduce its ATP generation. When in situ energy generation was inhibited by this combination during countercurrent perfusion of the arterial and venous capillaries of the rete, an approximate doubling of the intercapillary barrier permeability for human [125I]albumin, [14C]sucrose, and 22Na was found. Structural damage was evident, but the intercellular junctions remained intact. The effect of cessation of flow for 30 minutes, followed by reperfusion, was then explored. Stasis alone altered the structure, chiefly of the venous capillary endothelium, but not the permeability of the intercapillary barrier. Stasis with a hypoxic medium containing the inhibitors of energy generation, followed by reperfusion...
Diastolic "locking" of the mitral valve: the importance of atrial systole and intraventricular volume.
Authors: DDavid, E LMichelson, MNaito, C CChen, MSchaffenburg, L SDreifus
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Diastolic mitral valve locking, defined as sustained diastolic closure of the mitral valve after atrial systole, was investigated by simultaneous hemodynamic and echocardiographic recordings during a protocol of programmed pacing in six dogs with surgically induced atrioventricular block. Atrial extrasystoles were introduced at progressively increasing coupling intervals during programmed prolonged pauses in ventricular pacing. As the coupling interval of the atrial extrasystole was increased, both the mitral reopening time (MRT) and the calculated left ventricular volume (LVV) at the end of the MRT increased proportionally. These interrelations could be best expressed by a general logarithmic function of the form y = a + b ln (x), where x = the coupling interval of the atrial extrasystole and y = the MRT or the LVV. Correlations between the measured data and the predicted data were excellent (r greater than or equal to 0.95). In each dog, a specific LVV had to be attained to allow a diastolic locking...
Effect of sodium-potassium pump inhibitors and membrane-depolarizing agents on sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation and cyclic guanosine monophosphate accumulation in rat aorta.
Authors: R MRapoport, KSchwartz, FMurad
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation, inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Exposure of rat thoracic aorta to ouabain, or potassium- or magnesium-free Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution, procedures which presumably inhibit the sodium-potassium pump, or to potassium chloride or tetraethylammonium, membrane-depolarizing agents, inhibited relaxation to nitroprusside. These conditions had little or no effect on the elevated cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels at a concentration of nitroprusside (0.1 microM) that relaxed norepinephrine contracted tissues by 80%. However, at a maximum relaxant concentration of nitroprusside (1.0 microM), these conditions decreased the elevation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate. The inhibition of elevated cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels was independent of the endothelium, extracellular calcium, and the cyclic guanosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor,...
Two Functional MicroRNA-126s Repress a Novel Target Gene p21-Activated Kinase 1 to Regulate Vascular Integrity in Zebrafish
Authors: JunZou, Wen-QingLi, QingLi, Xiang-QiLi, Jun-TaoZhang, Gan-QiangLiu, JianChen, Xiao-XuQiu, Fu-JuTian, Zhi-ZhangWang, NiZhu, Yong-WenQin, BairongShen, Ting XiLiu, QingJing
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Rationale:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of vascular development and diseases. The function and underlying mechanism of endothelial miRNAs have not been fully defined. Objective:To investigate the role of endothelial miR-126 in zebrafish vascular development. Methods and Results:Two homologs of miR-126, miR-126a (namely miR-126 in previous literature) and miR-126b, with only 1 nucleotide difference in their mature sequences, were identified in zebrafish genome. In vitro analysis showed that both precursors could sufficiently produce mature functional miRNAs. Expression analyses by Northern blot and quantitative RT-PCR showed that both miR-126s accumulated significantly 12 hours after fertilization and were specifically expressed in endothelial cells of zebrafish. Inhibition of miR-126a or miR-126b with specific morpholinos caused cranial hemorrhage, and simultaneous inhibition of both miR-126s resulted in a pronounced hemorrhage in higher percentage of embryos. Bioinformatics prediction showed that...
Effects of vasopressin on the circulation and its baroreflex control in healthy men.
Authors: P EAylward, J SFloras, W NLeimbach, F MAbboud
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Information on the hemodynamic effects of vasopressin (AVP) in healthy humans is very limited despite its known importance in body fluid homeostasis and release in pathologic states such as hemorrhage and trauma. Although it is a potent vasoconstrictor in vitro, it does not cause the expected rise in arterial pressure when given systemically to animals with intact baroreflexes. It has been proposed that this is because AVP facilitates baroreflex control of the circulation. In this study, we assessed the effect of infusion of AVP on resting circulatory variables and on the baroreflex control of forearm vascular resistance and heart rate in healthy men. AVP in a dose of 0.4 ng/kg/min, which raised plasma level of AVP to 24 +/- 4 pg/ml, a value known to have a significant antidiuretic effect, had little hemodynamic effect, producing only mild bradycardia and a slight increase in central venous pressure. Reflex changes in heart rate during neck suction (-15 and -30 mm Hg) and neck pressure (+15 and +30 mm Hg)...
End-stage cardiac failure in humans is coupled with the induction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and nuclear mitotic division in ventricular myocytes.
Authors: FQuaini, ECigola, CLagrasta, GSaccani, EQuaini, CRossi, GOlivetti, PAnversa
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a late growth-regulated gene that is expressed at the G1-S boundary of the cell cycle and is required for DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Since quantitative results suggest that myocyte hyperplasia occurs in the decompensated human heart, we postulated that induction of the PCNA gene may be present in the failing heart in humans. PCNA protein was detected in myocardial samples obtained from the left and right ventricles of patients with congestive heart failure. Endomyocardial biopsies collected from donor subjects were used as control tissue. The percentage of positively stained myocyte nuclei in the ventricles was established by using PCNA monoclonal antibody and the immunoperoxidase technique. The localization of PCNA in myocytes was confirmed by alpha-sarcomeric actin antibody staining. PCNA labeling was present in left ventricular myocytes of 29 of the 32 hearts examined. In the right ventricle, 24 of the 29 samples showed positive staining. In a sub...
Denervation supersensitivity of refractoriness in noninfarcted areas apical to transmural myocardial infarction.
Authors: J JKammerling, F JGreen, A MWatanabe, HInoue, M JBarber, D PHenry, D PZipes
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Denervation supersensitivity was demonstrated in anesthetized dogs 5 to 10 days after transmural myocardial infarction produced by latex embolization of a diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Sympathetic efferent denervation in noninfarcted myocardium apical to the infarction was demonstrated by a 90% depletion of myocardial norepinephrine content in the apical (45 +/- 15 pg norepinephrine/g tissue) vs basal (437 +/- 76 pg/g tissue) regions and by the lack of effective refractory period (ERP) shortening during bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation in 34% of sites apical to the infarction. Supersensitivity in the area apical to the infarction was manifested by an exaggerated shortening of the ERP during both norepinephrine and isoproterenol infusions, with an upward and leftward shift in the dose-response curves in the apical vs basal regions (p less than .001). The cellular mechanism for denervation supersensitivity did not involve detectable changes in the beta-adrenergic rec...
Vascular injury induces angiotensinogen gene expression in the media and neointima.
Authors: HRakugi, H JJacob, J EKrieger, J RIngelfinger, R EPratt
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDAngiotensin II promotes growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro via the autocrine production of growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor-beta. Furthermore, experimental studies have demonstrated that angiotensin infusion can enhance smooth muscle proliferation after balloon injury in vivo. Consistent with this, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to prevent myointimal proliferation. The origin of vascular angiotensin that participate in this process is of interest. We have demonstrated the presence of angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) in the adventitial and medial layers of the rat aorta and have speculated that local angiotensinogen production may play an important role during myointimal proliferation. To provide further evidence toward this hypothesis, we compared the localization and expression of angiotensinogen mRNA in control and balloon injured vessels using in situ hybridization.M...
Comparison of single and multiple doses of prophylactic antibiotics in experimental streptococcal endocarditis.
Authors: RMalinverni, P BFrancioli, M PGlauser
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Single-doses or short-term administration of beta-lactam antibiotics alone or combined with aminoglucoside antibiotics have failed to consistently prevent experimental streptococcal endocarditis induced by high inocula of bacteria poorly susceptible to killing by these antibiotics. The optimal duration of administration of antibiotics for successful prophylaxis under these circumstances has not been established. We therefore tested, in rats with catheter-induced sterile aortic vegetations, the duration of administration of antibiotic necessary to prevent endocarditis induced by bacterial inocula 100 to 10,000 times the 90% infective dose of two tolerant viridans-group streptococci and two Streptococcus faecalis strains. Multiple-dose regimens of amoxicillin alone or of amoxicillin combined with gentamicin were studied. Against the two viridans group streptococci, successful prophylaxis was achieved with multiple doses of amoxicillin alone given over 24 to 48 hr and by the combination of amoxicillin and ge...
Reply to Are cohort data on smokeless tobacco use and pancreatic cancer confounded by alcohol use?
Authors: P. Bertuccio, C. La Vecchia, D.T. Silverman, G.M. Petersen, P.M. Bracci, E. Negri, D. Li, H.A. Risch, S.H. Olson, S. Gallinger, A.B. Miller, H.B. Bueno-de-Mesquita, R. Talamini, J. Polesel, P. Ghadirian, P.A. Baghurst, W. Zatonski, E. Fontham, W.R. Bamlet, E.A. Holly, E. Lucenteforte, M. Hassan, H. Yu, R.C. Kurtz, M. Cotterchio, J. Su, P. Maisonneuve, E.J. Duell, C. Bosetti, P. Boffetta
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Persistent T-wave changes after alteration of the ventricular activation sequence. New insights into cellular mechanisms of 'cardiac memory'.
Authors: J CGeller, M RRosen
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDCardiac  refers to persistent T-wave changes on ECG that follow resumption of sinus rhythm after a period of altered activation sequence. Previous studies demonstrated that cardiac memory in intact dogs was abolished by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), which blocks both the transient outward potassium current, Ito, and IK.METHODS AND RESULTSWe used standard microelectrode techniques to study the mechanism for cardiac memory in canine ventricular subepicardial and subendocardial slabs measuring 15 x 30 x 1 to 2 mm. Bipolar electrodes were used to stimulate slabs parallel to fiber axis, simulating normal activation, and perpendicular to fiber axis, simulating ventricular pacing. Four 30-minute periods of normal activation at a basic cycle length of 650 milliseconds were interrupted by three 20-minute periods of ventricular pacing at a basic cycle length of 450 milliseconds. We first recorded action potentials differentially from epicardial and endocardial slabs. The stimulation protocol induced cha...
Greater High-Quality Colon Cleansing and Detection of Male Patients With 5+ Adenomas After Bowel Preparation With 1 L Polyethylene Glycol Ner1006 Versus Oral Sulfate Solution
Authors: C Hassan, B Amlani
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Men have more cleansing failures, colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer than women. For patients with five or more adenomas, clinical guidelines recommend a 3-year surveillance period 1, 2. We analysed whether bowel preparation with 1 L polyethylene glycol NER1006 can deliver more high-quality cleansing and enable endoscopists to detect more males with adenomas and more adenomas per male patient versus oral sulfate solution (OSS).
A role for PAF-acether (platelet-activating factor) in platelet-dependent vascular diseases?
Authors: JBenveniste, MChignard
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Platelets-isolated or in conjunction with leukocytes-interact with vessel walls in many experimental and human diseases. Several mediators are held responsible for platelet activation and interaction with leukocytes, among which PAF-acether (platelet-activating factor) is a prime candidate. This phospholipid mediator is released by most inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, by isolated organs such as kidney and heart, is a potent platelet and neutrophil agonist, and exerts major vasoactive properties. Its biosynthesis involves a two-step enzymatic process yielding the active molecule from the membrane alkyl-ether choline-containing phospholipids. The first step implicates a phospholipase A2 that hydrolyzes a long-chain fatty acid (which can be arachidonic acid) from membrane phospholipids, leaving the intermediate compound lyso PAF-acether, a PAF-acether precursor that is acetylated by an acetyltransferase in a second step. It can also result from deacetylation of PAF-acether by an acetylhydrolase. P...
Removal of an Embedded Foreign Body in the Stomach by Submucosal Endoscopic Dissection Technique
Authors: AC Carvalho, R Araújo, R Cardoso, F Pires, S Ventura, J Pinho, D Martins, P Sousa, E Cancela, A Castanheira, P Ministro, A Silva
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

We report a case of a patient with past hospitalization due to suspected foreign body gastric perforation as evidenced by CT, showing a linear structure crossing the upper wall of the gastric antrum. This object wasn’t visible endoscopically. The patient was discharged asymptomatic after conservative management. Six months later she reported recurrent epigastric pain. While endoscopy only revealed a small congestive area with an erosion at the antrum, the foreign body was located at the same site by CT. A gastric ESD was performed and enabled successful identification and removal of a fish bone embedded in the gastric wall.
Determining the communicable period of SARS-CoV-2: A rapid review of the literature, March to September 2020
Authors: Mina Park, Colleen Pawliuk, Tribesty Nguyen, Amanda Griffitt, Linda Dix-Cooper, Nadia Fourik, Martin Dawes
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2021)

Introduction Standard testing for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is based on RT-PCR tests, but detection of viral genetic material alone does not indicate ongoing infectious potential. The ability to isolate whole virus represents a better proxy for infectivity. Aim The objective of this study was to gain an understanding of the current literature and compare the reported periods of positive SARS-CoV-2 detection from studies that conducted RT-PCR testing in addition to experiments isolating whole virus. Methods Using a rapid review approach, studies reporting empirical data on the duration of positive RT-PCR results and/or successful viral isolation following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans were identified through searches of peer-reviewed and pre-print health sciences literature. Articles were screened for relevance, then data were extracted, analysed, and synthesised. Results Of the 160 studies included for qualitative analysis, 84% (n = 135) investigated duration of positive RT-PCR tests only, 5% (n = 8) investigated duration of successful viral isolations, while 11% (n = 17) included measurements on both. There was significant heterogeneity in reported data. There was a prolonged time to viral clearance when deduced from RT-PCR tests compared with viral isolations (median: 26 vs 9 days). Discussion Findings from this review support a minimum 10-day period of isolation but certain cases where virus was isolated after 10 days were identified. Given the extended time to viral clearance from RT-PCR tests, future research should ensure standard reporting of RT-PCR protocols and results to help inform testing policies aimed at clearance from isolation.
B cells, antibody-secreting cells, and virus-specific antibodies respond to herpes simplex virus 2 reactivation in skin
Authors: Emily S. Ford, Anton M. Sholukh, RuthMabel Boytz, Savanna S. Carmack, Alexis Klock, Khamsone Phasouk, Danica Shao, Raabya Rossenkhan, Paul T. Edlefsen, Tao Peng, Christine Johnston, Anna Wald, Jia Zhu, Lawrence Corey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Tissue-based T cells are important effectors in the prevention and control of mucosal viral infections; less is known about tissue-based B cells. We demonstrate that B cells and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are present in inflammatory infiltrates in skin biopsy specimens from study participants during symptomatic herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) reactivation and early healing. Both CD20+ B cells, most of which are antigen inexperienced based on their coexpression of IgD, and ASCs - characterized by dense IgG RNA expression in combination with CD138, IRF4, and Blimp-1 RNA - were found to colocalize with T cells. ASCs clustered with CD4+ T cells, suggesting the potential for crosstalk. HSV-2-specific antibodies to virus surface antigens were also present in tissue and increased in concentration during HSV-2 reactivation and healing, unlike in serum, where concentrations remained static over time. B cells, ASCs, and HSV-specific antibody were rarely detected in biopsies of unaffected skin. Evaluation of samples from serial biopsies demonstrated that B cells and ASCs followed a more migratory than resident pattern of infiltration in HSV-affected genital skin, in contrast to T cells. Together, these observations suggest the presence of distinct phenotypes of B cells in HSV-affected tissue; dissecting their role in reactivation may reveal new therapeutic avenues to control these infections.
Mechanisms of differential growth of heart ventricles in newborn pigs.
Authors: C JPeterson, VWhitman, P AWatson, H GSchuler, H EMorgan
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The left ventricular free wall (LVFW) grew approximately three times faster than the right ventricular free wall (RVFW) during the first 10 days of life in neonatal pigs. Faster growth was associated with proportional increases in total RNA and messenger RNA. These findings indicated that greater capacity for protein synthesis was a major factor in accelerated growth. Despite faster growth, heart content of ribosomal subunits was higher in piglets than in 60-day-old pigs or adult rats, suggesting a relatively slower rate of peptide chain initiation than elongation. When hearts from 5-day-old pigs were perfused in vitro, protein synthesis was more rapid in the LVFW than in the RVFW. In the absence of added insulin, the higher rate was due to both greater efficiency and greater capacity for protein synthesis. In the presence of the hormone, greater capacity was responsible for the increased rate of protein synthesis in the LVFW as compared with the RVFW.
Passive stiffness of pressure-induced hypertrophied cat myocardium.
Authors: J FWilliams, R DPotter
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

The effect of myocardial hypertrophy on passive stiffness was determined from the stress (sigma)-strain relationship of right ventricular papillary muscles from 18 pulmonary artery-banded and 21 non-banded cats. By use of Lagrangian strain, (1-lo)lo is initial muscle length, and instantaneous stress elastic constants beta and alpha were calculated from the equation sigma = alpha(ebeta epsilon - 1). Elastic stiffness (d sigma/d epsilon) was determined from the formula d sigma/d epsilon = beta alpha + alpha beta. Banding produced an average increase in RV mass of 70%. Beta averaged 14.2 +/- 0.9 (SEM) and 16.0 +/- 0.8 in the non-hypertrophied and hypertrophied muscles, respectively (NS). However, elastic stiffness was significantly greater in hypertrophied muscles over the entire stress range. Contractile function varied widely among hypertrophied muscles but was not related to changes in stiffness. Thus, moderate degrees of pressure-induced hypertrophy are associated with a modest increase in the passive st...