Defective neutrophil development and specific granule deficiency caused by a homozygous splice-site mutation in SMARCD2
Authors: Ina Schim van der Loeff, Evelien G.G. Sprenkeler, Anton T.J. Tool, Mario Abinun, Angela Grainger, Karin R. Engelhardt, Michel van Houdt, Hans Janssen, Taco W. Kuijpers, Sophie Hambleton
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)

BackgroundSMARCD2 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2) has recently been shown to have a critical role in granulopoiesis in humans, mice, and zebrafish. Our patient presented with delayed cord separation, failure to thrive, and sepsis. Retrospective whole-exome sequencing confirmed a homozygous splice-site mutation in SMARCD2.ObjectiveWe sought to provide the second description of human SMARCD2 deficiency and the first functional analysis of human primary SMARCD2-deficient cells.MethodsHeparinized venous blood and bone marrow were collected from the patient after obtaining informed consent. Patient leukocytes and CD34+ cells were then isolated, phenotyped, and assessed functionally.ResultsCirculating neutrophils appeared phenotypically immature, lacking multilobed nuclei, and neutrophil granules lacked lactoferrin but showed normal levels of myeloperoxidase. Neutrophil oxidative burst was preserved in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Patient bone marrow–derived neutrophils and white blood cells showed a severely impaired chemotactic response. Furthermore, white blood cells showed defective in vitro killing of Staphylococcus aureus, consistent with a specific granule deficiency. Finally, patient bone marrow–derived CD34+ cells showed markedly impaired in vitro expansion and differentiation toward the neutrophil lineage. Before her molecular diagnosis, our patient underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is well 8 years later.ConclusionsThis report highlights an important role for SMARCD2 in human myelopoiesis and the curative effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the hematopoietic features of SMARCD2 deficiency. SMARCD2 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 2) has recently been shown to have a critical role in granulopoiesis in humans, mice, and zebrafish. Our patient presented with delayed cord separation, failure to thrive, and sepsis. Retrospective whole-exome sequencing confirmed a homozygous splice-site mutation in SMARCD2. We sought to provide the second description of human SMARCD2 deficiency and the first functional analysis of human primary SMARCD2-deficient cells. Heparinized venous blood and bone marrow were collected from the patient after obtaining informed consent. Patient leukocytes and CD34+ cells were then isolated, phenotyped, and assessed functionally. Circulating neutrophils appeared phenotypically immature, lacking multilobed nuclei, and neutrophil granules lacked lactoferrin but showed normal levels of myeloperoxidase. Neutrophil oxidative burst was preserved in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Patient bone marrow–derived neutrophils and white blood cells showed a severely impaired chemotactic response. Furthermore, white blood cells showed defective in vitro killing of Staphylococcus aureus, consistent with a specific granule deficiency. Finally, patient bone marrow–derived CD34+ cells showed markedly impaired in vitro expansion and differentiation toward the neutrophil lineage. Before her molecular diagnosis, our patient underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is well 8 years later. This report highlights an important role for SMARCD2 in human myelopoiesis and the curative effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the hematopoietic features of SMARCD2 deficiency.