tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thalassemia
Authors: Daniel Deykin, Christine Balko, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

IN 1966 Dr. Paul Marks1 reviewed our understanding of the thalassemia problem in this series of Seminars. I will attempt to continue the story from where his excellent summary concluded.Unbalanced Globin Synthesis and the Pathophysiology of ThalassemiaThalassemia is a disorder of hemoglobin synthesis in which decreased amounts of hemoglobin collect in the maturing red cell. The thalassemia syndromes2 are therefore classified among the hypochromic anemias. However, decreased cellular hemoglobin content is a tolerable condition because the normal marrow is capable of generating an increased number of red cells if iron stores are maintained. In thalassemia the hypochromic anemia . . .
8. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes:<i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes</i>—<i>2019</i>
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
Gene Therapy for Primary Immunodeficiency
Authors: Benjamin C. Houghton, Claire Booth
Journal: HemaSphere (2020)

Over the past 3 decades, there has been significant progress in refining gene therapy technologies and procedures. Transduction of hematopoietic stem cells ex vivo using lentiviral vectors can now create a highly effective therapeutic product, capable of reconstituting many different immune system dysfunctions when reinfused into patients. Here, we review the key developments in the gene therapy landscape for primary immune deficiency, from an experimental therapy where clinical efficacy was marred by adverse events, to a commercialized product with enhanced safety and efficacy. We also discuss progress being made in preclinical studies for challenging disease targets and emerging gene editing technologies that are showing promising results, particularly for conditions where gene regulation is important for efficacy.
Trichinosis.
Authors: G E Ffrench
Journal: BMJ (1979)

remarkably clear.Taking a second swab, I notified Dr Litt, who on examination found it difficult to believe that this had been a diphtheritic case.He let the child remain, pending the result of the second swab.It was negative.Precisely the same train of events occurred in three following cases-first swabs positive, follow-ups negative.Dr Litt, giving permission for the fourth child to remain in the home, remarked, "I suppose Dr Mitchell wants to prove the efficacy of his homoeopathy."Matron agreed, "Yes, I'm sure he does."
First-Line Atezolizumab OK'd for SCLC
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2019)

Abstract In mid-March, the FDA approved the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab in combination with carboplatin and etoposide as a first-line therapy for small cell lung cancer. The approval was based on results from the phase III IMpower133 trial in which adding atezolizumab to chemotherapy extended overall and progression-free survival.
Factors Impacting Survival in Those Transplanted for NASH Cirrhosis: Data From the NailNASH Consortium
Authors: Mary E Rinella, Sanjaya K Satapathy, Danielle Brandman, Coleman Smith, Sal Elwir, Jonathan Xia, Meg Gibson, Carlos Figueredo, Mounika Angirekula, Jason M Vanatta, Raiya Sarwar, Yu Jiang, Dyanna Gregory, Tandy Agostini, JimIn Ko, Pradeep Podila, Grace Gallo, Kymberly D Watt, Mohammad S Siddiqui
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
Abstract 133: "I’m Not the Same Person....": Understanding Cardiac Arrest Survivorship and Long -Term Outcomes From the perspective of Survivors and Families
Authors: Katie N Dainty, Bianca Seaton, Richard Verbeek
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Of those victims that are discharged alive following sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), the five-year survival rate is upwards of 75%. However, the survivor experience of “living” and their quality of life after such a life-changing event can be quite variable. Unfortunately traditional outcome measures in the SCA literature make gross, snapshot assumptions about what constitutes a “good” outcome and rarely account for life after hospital discharge. The objective of this study was to understand the survivor and family/caregiver experience of life after SCA and what outcomes are important to them as “life goes on”. Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with survivors and their families/caregivers at various stages of survival. Survivors and family members were interviewed together and separately. The interviews focused on concepts such as what their recovery journey was like, what long-term issues were most important to them and how we might implement measures of such concepts into more research and practice. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed by the authors using constant comparative thematic analysis techniques. Results: During in-depth interviews with more than 30 survivors and caregivers we heard that despite being a relatively high functioning group, their lives have been deeply affected by their cardiac arrest experience. They spoke about the importance of both psychologic and physical recovery and the influence of latent depression, anxiety, memory-loss, fatigue, infertility, changes in body image and relationships with loved ones. For some there have also been unique challenges with having an implanted cardiac defibrillator (ICD). Spouses/family members spoke about the caregiver burden, anxiety around their loved ones health and the impact of not having any sense of what to expect after discharge. Conclusions: The psycho-social type outcomes identified as very influential by survivors and families are almost entirely unmeasured in the resuscitation literature. This robust qualitative work gives us important insight that we hope to use to design more survivor-centred outcome measures for prospective use in research and practice. (*Abstract will be co-presented with an SCA survivor)
Long-term PFS from TIVO-3: Tivozanib (TIVO) versus sorafenib (SOR) in relapsed/refractory (R/R) advanced RCC.
Authors: Michael B. Atkins, Elena Verzoni, Bernard Escudier, David F. McDermott, Thomas E. Hutson, Sumanta K. Pal, Camillo Porta, Aviva G. Asnis-Alibozek, Vijay Kasturi, Brian I. Rini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

362 Background: The TIVO-3 trial supported FDA-approval of TIVO in R/R advanced RCC, demonstrating significantly improved PFS over SOR in the primary independent review committee [IRC] analysis (HR: 0.672, 95% CI: 0.52-0.87). Long-term survival without disease progression (LT-PFS) is a clinically meaningful outcome among patients with R/R mRCC and ≥2 lines of prior therapy. We assessed the proportion of TIVO-3 patients living progression-free with R/R mRCC at 6-month intervals up to 4 years post-initiation of TIVO or SOR. Methods: Exploratory analysis of LT-PFS was calculated using investigator-assessment [INV] with a data cut-off of May 24, 2021. PFS hazard ratio and landmark values of LT-PFS at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 months are reported. Results include the ITT population, with censoring for missing assessments and discontinuation without PD. Cox proportional hazards and log-rank statistics were used to estimate the HR and 95% CI for INV-PFS; odds ratios (ORs) are reported for landmark timepoints up to 36-months. LT-PFS across prespecified subgroups were analyzed descriptively. Results: 350 patients were randomized to TIVO (n=175) or SOR (n=175). INV PFS was superior with TIVO vs SOR (HR: 0.624, 95% CI: 0.49-0.79). Landmark LT-PFS rates up to 48-months are consistently higher with TIVO vs SOR, with 12% vs 2% and 7.6% vs 0% at 3- and 4-years, respectively (Table). Despite low numbers of patients at risk with extended follow-up, subgroups with ≥15% LT-PFS at 3-years include IMDC favorable risk, female gender, ECOG PS0, age ≥65 years, and region NA – all confined to the TIVO arm. Conclusions: INV PFS with long-term follow-up is consistent with primary IRC PFS. Patients treated with TIVO were up to 5X more likely to experience LT-PFS compared to SOR. A clinically relevant minority of patients are alive and progression-free on TIVO at 3- and 4-years. Clinical trial information: NCT02627963. [Table: see text]
Comment on Timing of Surgery For Patients With Rectal Cancers Not Responding to Preoperative Chemoradiation
Authors: Catherine Dunn, Lucy Gately, Peter Gibbs
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Enhanced Medical Assessment Strategy for Barawan Somali Refugees—Kenya, 1997
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Each year, approximately 100,000 refugees are resettled to the United States. Before resettlement, these refugees undergo medical screening to identify inadmissable conditions (e.g., infectious tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection) among individual refugees. This report describes the implementation and results of an enhanced refugee medical assessment strategy among Barawan Somali refugees in Kenya during July 1997. This strategy employs population-based screening for parasitic infections. The findings indicate that, among these refugees, the prevalences of malaria and intestinal parasites were sufficient to warrant pre-embarkation therapy to improve the health of both individuals and the total refugee population. This therapy also may prevent local transmission of parasitic infections in the resettlement communities in the United States.
A phase 2, multiarm study of anti-CD47 antibody, magrolimab, in combination with docetaxel in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors.
Authors: Vivek Subbiah, Ulka N. Vaishampayan, Sonam Puri, Lanjia Lin, Mark Chao, Giri Ramsingh, Shivaani Kummar, James F. Strauss, Sandip P. Patel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS584 Background: Patients with solid tumors who progress on standard chemotherapy and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors have limited efficacy with existing standard-of-care chemotherapy options (objective response rates [ORRs] ̃10%). These patients have a significant unmet medical need. Novel agents that can safely enhance treatment efficacy are urgently needed. Magrolimab is a first-in-class monoclonal antibody that blocks the macrophage inhibitory immune checkpoint CD47, a “do not eat me” signal overexpressed on tumor cells. Preclinical studies provide compelling evidence that magrolimab triggers phagocytosis and eliminates cancer cells from human solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Magrolimab has demonstrated clinical activity in both hematologic and solid tumor malignancies. Chemotherapeutic agents, including taxanes, enhance prophagocytic signals on tumor cells, leading to synergistic antitumor activity when combined with magrolimab. This study (NCT04827576) is evaluating the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of magrolimab with docetaxel in relapsed/refractory (R/R) metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), and small-cell lung cancer (mSCLC). Methods: This Phase 2, open-label, multi-arm study (NCT04827576) consists of a safety run-in cohort and a Phase 2 cohort. Eligible patients are ≥18 years old with chemotherapy- and/or immunotherapy-refractory mUC, mNSCLC, or mSCLC. Magrolimab is administered intravenously (IV) with an initial 1-mg/kg priming dose to mitigate on-target anemia, followed by a 30-mg/kg dose during cycle 1 (cycles are 21 days) in the safety run-in to identify any dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and determine a recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D). De-escalation may occur for DLTs per protocol. In Phase 2, following the priming dose on day 1, the highest acceptable dose of magrolimab will be administered on days 8 and 15 of cycle 1; days 1, 8, and 15 of cycle 2; and day 1 for cycles 3 and beyond. Docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 is administered IV on day 1 of each cycle for all study participants. Patients may continue treatment until unacceptable toxicity, progressive disease by RECIST 1.1, or patient/investigator choice to discontinue. The primary endpoints are incidence of adverse events (safety and Phase 2 cohorts) and ORR (Phase 2). Secondary endpoints (Phase 2) are progression-free survival, duration of response, and overall survival. Exploratory endpoints are to evaluate the pharmacodynamic, mechanism of action, and/or therapeutic response of biomarkers in blood and tumor biopsy samples and to explore biomarkers that may predict response to therapy. Enrollment began in August 2021. Planned enrollment is approximately 116 patients, and as of October 1, 2021 recruitment is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT04827576.
Abstract 234: The Variability of Visual Assessment of Traditional Capillary Refill Measurement
Authors: Koichiro Shinozaki, Kota Saeki, Lee Jacobson, Julianne Falotico, Timmy Li, Lance B Becker
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Objective: Capillary refill time (CRT) measured at the bedside is widely promulgated as an acceptable method to identify patients in shock. However, inter-observer reliability of CRT visual assessments is questionable. To investigate the variability that occurs when healthcare providers (HCP) visually assess CRT, we conducted a study in the emergency department (ED) that simultaneously measured CRT while recording the change in the patients’ fingertip color by video. Methods: Three HCPs were selected to perform manual CRT assessments at the bedside to classified patients as having either normal (≤2 seconds) or abnormal (&gt;2 seconds) CRT. An attending ED physician, blinded from the HCP classification, quantitatively measured CRT using a chronograph ( visual CRT ). A video camera was mounted on top of the hand tool in order to obtain a digital recording of the change in color, as the fingertip was compressed. The videos were thereafter used to calculate CRT via image software analysis ( image CRT ). Additionally, nine HCPs, including the ED physician, reviewed the videos in a separate setting to visually assess CRT while blinded from any patient information ( video assessment CRT ). Results: Thirty ER patients were enrolled in the ED. The ED physician identified 10 patients with abnormal CRT (&gt; 2.0 seconds), while only two patients were identified by HCPs. Mean visual CRT was 2.0±0.9 (range: 1.2-4.4) seconds; mean image CRT, 2.4±2.1 (range: 0.5-8.0); mean video assessment CRT by the ED physician, 1.8±0.6 (range: 1.0-2.7). The correlation between visual CRT and image CRT was strong (r=0.648, p=0.002), while it was weak between visual and video assessment CRT (r=0.312, p=0.18). Inter-observer reliability of video assessment CRT among HCPs was low (intra correlation coefficient: 0.15, 95% CI 0.05-0.33). Conclusions: Inter-observer reliability of visual CRT assessment is low. The reliability of skilled physician in a real clinical situation increases and it infers that a reliable CRT test may only be capable if other patient information is available at the bedside, such as patient’s background, distressed appearance, cold peripheral temperature etc.
Association of adrenal metastases with outcomes in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) treated with nivolumab in the GETUG-AFU-26 NIVOREN phase II trial.
Authors: Emilien Billon, Cécile Dalban, Stephane Oudard, Christine Chevreau, Brigitte Laguerre, Philippe Barthélémy, Delphine Borchiellini, Lionnel Geoffrois, Sylvie Negrier, Florence Joly, Antoine Thiery-Vuillemin, Marine Gross-Goupil, Frederic Rolland, Frank Priou, Hakim Mahammedi, Florence Tantot, Bernard Escudier, Sylvie Chabaud, Laurence Albiges, Gwenaelle Gravis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

348 Background: Glandular metastases (GMs) (adrenal, pancreas, thyroid, ovary, breast, or prostate) are rare in mccRCC. Several studies have observed significantly longer overall survival (OS) for GM patients treated with anti-angiogenic therapy. This study assesses outcomes from mccRCC treated with nivolumab with or without GMs. Methods: The GETUG-AFU 26 NIVOREN, phase II trial assessed the activity and safety of nivolumab in pts with mccRCC who failed antiangiogenic therapies (NCT03013335). Pts were stratified in two subgroups according to the presence of at least one GM. Specific analyzes were performed for pancreatic and adrenal metastases. Primary endpoint was OS, secondary endpoint were progression free survival (PFS) and overall response rate (ORR). Results: Between February 2016 and July 2017, among 720 patients treated by nivolumab 217 patients had GM (151: adrenal and 86: pancreatic metastases). Clinical characteristics were comparable between the two subgroups except for IMDC poor subgroup (19% vs 28%) and for Furhman grade IV (13.5% vs 23.4%) for GM and non GM respectively. Median time between metastatic disease and nivolumab was 3.2 years (y) vs 2 y for GM and non GM respectively and 2.8 vs 2.1 y with or without adrenal metastasis. There was no statistical difference in outcomes between pts with or without GMs. However, pts with adrenal metastases had worse OS (12-months survival: 64% vs 71.1%; HR 1.51 (1.19-1.92)); shorter PFS (6-months survival: 27.2% vs 36.6%; HR 1.29 (1.07-1.57)) and lower ORR (12.5% [7.6%; 19.0%] vs 23.2% [19.8%; 27.0%]; p = 0.005) than non-adrenal metastases. Conversely, patients with pancreatic metastases had significantly longer overall survival (12-months survival: 82.3% vs 67.9%; HR 0.59 (0.40-0.85)) in univariate analysis compared to non-pancreatic metastases. In multivariate analysis, only adrenal metastasis remained associated with dismal prognosis (Table). Conclusions: Adrenal metastasis is an independent poor prognostic factor for response and survival in the GETUG-AFU 26 NIVOREN phase II trial. Limited activity with nivolumab is observed for patients with adrenal metastases from mccRCC without difference with previous anti angiogenic therapy. Molecular characterization could help to identify the angiogenic profile of adrenal metastases. Clinical trial information: NCT03013335. [Table: see text]
Cigarette Additives
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Seeking Editor for Clinical Liver Disease
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

HepatologyVolume 75, Issue 3 p. i-i CALL FOR EDITOR Seeking Editor for Clinical Liver Disease First published: 14 February 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.32368Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume75, Issue3March 2022Pages i-i RelatedInformation
<i>The American Year-Book of Medicine and Surgery for 1902.</i>A yearly Digest of Scientific Progress and Authoritative Opinion in all branches of Medicine and Surgery, drawn from journals, monographs, and text-books of the leading American and foreign authors and investigators. Arranged, with critical editorial comments, by eminent American specialists, under the editorial charge of George M. Gould, A. M., M. D. In two volumes—Volume I, including<i>General Medicine,</i>Octavo, 700 pages, …
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1902)