tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early-Onset Kidney Stone Disease—Consequences and Opportunities
Authors: Gregory E. Tasian, Michelle R. Denburg, Jonathan S. Ellison
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
The Bowel CLEANsing National Initiative: High-Volume Split-Dose Vs Low-Volume Split-Dose Polyethylene Glycol Preparations: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alan N. Barkun, Myriam Martel, Ian L. Epstein, Pierre Hallé, Robert J. Hilsden, Paul D. James, Alaa Rostom, Michael Sey, Harminder Singh, Richard Sultanian, Jennifer J. Telford, Daniel von Renteln
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
Estrogen and androgen receptor inhibitors: Unexpected allies in the fight against COVID-19
Authors: S. Bravaccini, E. Fonzi, M. Tebaldi, D. Angeli, G. Martinelli, F. Nicolini, P. Parrella, M. Mazza
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Translational RelevanceNo prophylactic treatments for COVID-19 have been clearly proven and found. In this pandemic context, cancer patients constitute a particularly fragile population that would ...
Patient-Reported Functional Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia After Stopping Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Kelly L Schoenbeck, Ehab Atallah, Li Lin, Kevin P Weinfurt, Jorge Cortes, Michael W N Deininger, Vamsi Kota, Richard A Larson, Michael J Mauro, Vivian G Oehler, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Jerald P Radich, Charles A Schiffer, Neil P Shah, Richard T Silver, James E Thompson, Kathryn E Flynn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2021)

Abstract Treatment-free remission (TFR) is a goal for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Functional outcomes after discontinuing tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment have not been described. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures of social, physical, cognitive, and sexual function were assessed over 36 months in 172 adult patients with chronic phase CML from 14 sites at baseline (on TKI) and after discontinuation. Linear mixed-effects models described the average trajectories for each patient-reported outcome measure after discontinuation and in those who restarted TKI. Of 112 patients in TFR at 12 months, 103 (92.0%) had a 3-point or greater improvement in social function, 80 (71.4%) in social isolation, 11 (9.8%) in satisfaction with sex life, 4 (3.6%) in physical function, and no patients had a 3-point or greater improvement in cognitive function or interest in sexual activity. Patients’ scores worsened after restarting TKI. This novel information on functional outcomes in TFR can help guide patient and clinician decision making.
Safety Surveillance of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Through the Vaccine Safety Datalink
Authors: Kimberly G. Blumenthal, Neelam A. Phadke, David W. Bates
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Nicola P. Klein, MD, PhD; Ned Lewis, MPH; Kristin Goddard, MPH; Bruce Fireman, MA; Ousseny Zerbo, PhD; Kayla E. Hanson, MPH; James G. Donahue, DVM, PhD; Elyse O. Kharbanda, MD, MPH; Allison Naleway, PhD; Jennifer Clark Nelson, PhD; Stan Xu, PhD; W. Katherine Yih, PhD, MPH; Jason M. Glanz, PhD; Joshua T. B. Williams, MD; Simon J. Hambidge, MD, PhD; Bruno J. Lewin, MD; Tom T. Shimabukuro, MD, MPH, MBA; Frank DeStefano, MD, MPH; Eric S. Weintraub, MPH
An integrated multi-omic cellular atlas of human breast cancers.
Authors: Sunny Z. Wu, Daniel Roden, Ghamdan Al Eryani, Simon Junankar, Elgene Lim, Aatish Thennavan, Alma Andersson, Stephen Williams, Jingjing Gong, Robin Fropf, Kit Fuhrman, Joakim Lundeberg, Chuck Perou, Alexander Swarbrick
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)
Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health
Authors: Lukoye Atwoli, Abdullah H Baqui, Thomas Benfield, Raffaella Bosurgi, Fiona Godlee, Stephen Hancocks, Richard Horton, Laurie Laybourn-Langton, Carlos Augusto Monteiro, Ian Norman, Kirsten Patrick, Nigel Praities, Marcel G M Olde Rikkert, Eric J Rubin, Peush Sahni, Richard Smith, Nicholas J Talley, Sue Turale, Damián Vázquez
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

> Wealthy nations must do much more, much faster.

The United Nations General Assembly in September 2021 will bring countries together at a critical time for marshalling collective action to tackle the global environmental crisis. They will meet again at the biodiversity summit in Kunming, China, and the climate conference (Conference of the Parties (COP)26) in Glasgow, UK. Ahead of these pivotal meetings, we—the editors of health journals worldwide—call for urgent action to keep average global temperature increases below 1.5°C, halt the destruction of nature and protect health.

Health is already being harmed by global temperature increases and the destruction of the natural world, a state of affairs health professionals have been bringing attention to for decades.1 The science is unequivocal; a global increase of 1.5°C above the preindustrial average and the continued loss of biodiversity risk catastrophic harm to health that will be impossible to reverse.2 3 Despite the world’s necessary preoccupation with COVID-19, we cannot wait for the pandemic to pass to rapidly reduce emissions.

Reflecting the severity of the moment, this editorial appears in health journals across the world. We are united in recognising that only fundamental and equitable changes to societies will reverse our current trajectory.

The risks to health of increases above 1.5°C are now well established.2 Indeed, no temperature rise is ‘safe’. In the past 20 years, heat-related mortality among people aged over 65 has increased by more than 50%.4 Higher temperatures have brought increased dehydration and renal function loss, dermatological malignancies, tropical infections, adverse mental health outcomes, pregnancy complications, allergies, and cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity and mortality.5 6 Harms disproportionately affect the most vulnerable, including children, older populations, ethnic minorities, poorer communities and those with underlying health problems.2 4 

Global heating is also contributing to the decline in …
Effect of Low-Normal vs High-Normal Oxygenation Targets on Organ Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Harry Gelissen, Harm-Jan de Grooth, Yvo Smulders, Evert-Jan Wils, Wouter de Ruijter, Roel Vink, Bob Smit, Jantine Röttgering, Leila Atmowihardjo, Armand Girbes, Paul Elbers, Pieter-Roel Tuinman, Heleen Oudemans-van Straaten, Angelique de Man
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Hyperoxemia may increase organ dysfunction in critically ill patients, but optimal oxygenation targets are unknown.To determine whether a low-normal Pao2 target compared with a high-normal target reduces organ dysfunction in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).Multicenter randomized clinical trial in 4 intensive care units in the Netherlands. Enrollment was from February 2015 to October 2018, with end of follow-up to January 2019, and included adult patients admitted with 2 or more SIRS criteria and expected stay of longer than 48 hours. A total of 9925 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 574 fulfilled the enrollment criteria and were randomized.Target Pao2 ranges were 8 to 12 kPa (low-normal, n = 205) and 14 to 18 kPa (high-normal, n = 195). An inspired oxygen fraction greater than 0.60 was applied only when clinically indicated.Primary end point was SOFARANK, a ranked outcome of nonrespiratory organ failure quantified by the nonrespiratory components of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, summed over the first 14 study days. Participants were ranked from fastest organ failure improvement (lowest scores) to worsening organ failure or death (highest scores). Secondary end points were duration of mechanical ventilation, in-hospital mortality, and hypoxemic measurements.Among the 574 patients who were randomized, 400 (70%) were enrolled within 24 hours (median age, 68 years; 140 women [35%]), all of whom completed the trial. The median Pao2 difference between the groups was -1.93 kPa (95% CI, -2.12 to -1.74; P < .001). The median SOFARANK score was -35 points in the low-normal Pao2 group vs -40 in the high-normal Pao2 group (median difference, 10 [95% CI, 0 to 21]; P = .06). There was no significant difference in median duration of mechanical ventilation (3.4 vs 3.1 days; median difference, -0.15 [95% CI, -0.88 to 0.47]; P = .59) and in-hospital mortality (32% vs 31%; odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.67 to 1.63]; P = .91). Mild hypoxemic measurements occurred more often in the low-normal group (1.9% vs 1.2%; median difference, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.30 to 1.20]; P < .001). Acute kidney failure developed in 20 patients (10%) in the low-normal Pao2 group and 21 patients (11%) in the high-normal Pao2 group, and acute myocardial infarction in 6 patients (2.9%) in the low-normal Pao2 group and 7 patients (3.6%) in the high-normal Pao2 group.Among critically ill patients with 2 or more SIRS criteria, treatment with a low-normal Pao2 target compared with a high-normal Pao2 target did not result in a statistically significant reduction in organ dysfunction. However, the study may have had limited power to detect a smaller treatment effect than was hypothesized.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02321072.
Building Inclusive and Open Alzheimer Disease and Alzheimer Disease–Related Dementias Research Programs
Authors: Cerise L. Elliott, Laurie Ryan, Nina Silverberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
A Redox‐Responsive Nanovaccine Combined with A2A Receptor Antagonist for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Peng Yan, Yang Luo, Xinyang Li, Yingmin Li, Yi Wang, Jian Wu, Shaobing Zhou
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract In situ vaccination can trigger an antitumor immune response. However, the therapeutic effect is still limited since the high expression of adenosine binding to G protein‐coupled receptor A2AR induces an immunosuppressive effect. In this work, a new formulation is presented with the combination of a nanovaccine based on redox‐responsive polymer micelles and A2AR antagonist SCH58261. The micelles simultaneously encapsulate immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer doxorubicin (DOX) and adjuvant toll‐like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist R848, acting as the potent in situ vaccines. A high concentration of glutathione in tumor cells leads to the disintegration of these micelles, releasing DOX and R848 to mediate ICD, inducing the activation of dendritic cells and initiating an immune response. Meanwhile, A2AR antagonist SCH58261, a generation immune checkpoint blocker, inhibits the immunosuppressive adenosinergic pathway in the tumor microenvironment, activating natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 + T cells, and inhibiting the proliferation of regulatory T cells. Therefore, this formulation can trigger a robust systemic antitumor immune response.
Morphological, Functional, and Tissue Characterization of Silent Myocardial Involvement in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Pan Jiang, Zehao Feng, Li Sheng, Chenxi Hu, Xiang Ma, Shouyan Zhang, Lianming Wu, Xiao Xiao, Qixia Wang, Canjie Guo, Dekai Qiu, Jingyuan Fang, Jianrong Xu, Merrill Eric Gershwin, Meng Jiang, Xiong Ma, Jun Pu
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is a major complication and cause of morbidity in end-stage primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, it is unclear whether there is clinically silent myocardial involvement at the early stage of PBC before cirrhosis and cardiac manifestations. This prospective, three-center, multi-modality cardiac imaging study on the early identification of myocardial impairment in PBC (EARLY-MYO-PBC) was designed to identify silent myocardial impairment in PBC patients without cardiac manifestations.A total of 112 subjects (56 with PBC and 56 age- and sex-matched controls) undergoing cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) were enrolled. Demographic, serologic, and cardiac imaging data were prospectively collected. All participants had no cardiac discomfort or previous heart disease and had normal electrocardiographic findings.Subclinical myocardial involvement, as evidenced by cardiac morphologic, functional, and tissue characterization changes on CMR, including hyperdynamic left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (median, 75% in PBC patients vs 69% in controls, P = .029), subclinical myocardial edema by T2-short tau inversion recovery (21% vs 2% in controls, P = .001), elevated extracellular matrix indices (30% vs 26% in controls, P < .001), and impaired myocardial viability by positive late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (36%), was detected in PBC patients. Importantly, a mid-wall "stripe" at the LV septum was identified as a PBC-specific LGE pattern that differs from other known cardiomyopathies. In multivariate analysis, gp210 positivity (odds ratio [OR] = 9.909, P = .010), lower hemoglobin (OR = 0.919, P = .004), and body mass index (OR = 0.638, P = .005) were independent predictors of cardiac abnormalities in PBC.This study demonstrates clinically silent cardiac impairment with specific CMR patterns in PBC, allowing optimal screening for early myocardial impairment and potentially timely therapies. (Trial registration no.: NCT03545672).
Additional Insights Into the Use of Preterm Formula Among Neonates
Authors: Belal N. Alshaikh, Tanis R. Fenton
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
The 5-year pre- and post-hospitalization treated prevalence of mental disorders and psychotropic medication use in critically ill patients: a Canadian population-based study
Authors: Kendiss Olafson, Ruth Ann Marrie, James M. Bolton, Charles N. Bernstein, O. Joseph Bienvenu, Maia S. Kredentser, Sarvesh Logsetty, Dan Chateau, Yao Nie, Marcus Blouw, Tracie O. Afifi, Murray B. Stein, William D. Leslie, Laurence Y. Katz, Natalie Mota, Renée El-Gabalawy, Murray W. Enns, Christine Leong, Sophia Sweatman, Jitender Sareen
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2021)
Protease Responsive Nanogels for Transcytosis across the Blood−Brain Barrier and Intracellular Delivery of Radiopharmaceuticals to Brain Tumor Cells
Authors: Smriti Singh, Natascha Drude, Lena Blank, Prachi Bharat Desai, Hiltrud Königs, Stephan Rütten, Karl‐Josef Langen, Martin Möller, Felix M. Mottaghy, Agnieszka Morgenroth
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Despite profound advances in treatment approaches, gliomas remain associated with very poor prognoses. The residual cells after incomplete resection often migrate and proliferate giving a seed for highly resistant gliomas. The efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs is often strongly limited by their poor selectivity and the blood brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the development of therapeutic carrier systems for efficient transport across the BBB and selective delivery to tumor cells remains one of the most complex problems facing molecular medicine and nano‐biotechnology. To address this challenge, a stimuli sensitive nanogel is synthesized using pre‐polymer approach for the effective delivery of nano‐irradiation. The nanogels are cross‐linked via matrix metalloproteinase (MMP‐2,9) substrate and armed with Auger electron emitting drug 5‐[ 125 I]Iodo‐4”‐thio‐2”‐deoxyuridine ([ 125 I]ITdU) which after release can be incorporated into the DNA of tumor cells. Functionalization with diphtheria toxin receptor ligand allows nanogel transcytosis across the BBB at tumor site. Functionalized nanogels efficiently and increasingly explore transcytosis via BBB co‐cultured with glioblastoma cells. The subsequent nanogel degradation correlates with up‐regulated MMP2/9. Released [ 125 I]ITdU follows the thymidine salvage pathway ending in its incorporation into the DNA of tumor cells. With this concept, a highly efficient strategy for intracellular delivery of radiopharmaceuticals across the challenging BBB is presented.
PUMAS: fine-tuning polygenic risk scores with GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Zijie Zhao, Yanyao Yi, Jie Song, Yuchang Wu, Xiaoyuan Zhong, Yupei Lin, Timothy J. Hohman, Jason Fletcher, Qiongshi Lu
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have wide applications in human genetics research, but often include tuning parameters which are difficult to optimize in practice due to limited access to individual-level data. Here, we introduce PUMAS, a novel method to fine-tune PRS models using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Through extensive simulations, external validations, and analysis of 65 traits, we demonstrate that PUMAS can perform various model-tuning procedures using GWAS summary statistics and effectively benchmark and optimize PRS models under diverse genetic architecture. Furthermore, we show that fine-tuned PRSs will significantly improve statistical power in downstream association analysis.
Endoscopic mucosal resection under gel immersion for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial neoplasms
Authors: Tatsuo Yachida, Hideki Kobara, Naoya Tada, Noriko Nishiyama, Tadayuki Takata, Hisashi Masugata, Tsutomu Masaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has been recently reported to be effective against superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial neoplasms (SNADENs) [1]. Superficial lesions float up as protruding lesions under water. This facilitates snaring without submucosal injection and may reduce procedure-associated complications [2] [3]. However, there are some disadvantages to performing UEMR for SNADENs, including difficulty in maintaining a sufficient volume of water owing to anatomical features and gravity.
Educate, involve and collaborate: three strategies for clinicians to empower athletes during return to sport
Authors: Adam Gledhill, Dale Forsdyke, Tom Goom, Leslie W Podlog
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

Empowering injured athletes is a critical concept within sport and exercise medicine to optimise patient experiences and return-to-sport (RTS) outcomes.1–3 Unfortunately, scant attention has been given to how clinicians can facilitate a sense of athlete empowerment during rehabilitation and RTS.

Drawing on existing empowerment literature, we consider empowerment to be an individual and social process whereby athletes are provided with the means to become more self-aware and health literate, which can, in turn, facilitate greater self-management, freedom and control over decisions and actions affecting the course of injury rehabilitation.2 4 We contend an empowered injured athlete is one who volitionally engages in their rehabilitation and experiences a sense of personal control over RTS decisions; perceives themselves to be competent or capable of achieving rehabilitation milestones and experiences a sense of connection to others (eg, rehabilitation providers, coaches, teammates, family). Given these three features of empowerment, we base our recommendations for enhancing empowerment through a framework addressing its components: the basic psychological needs theory (BPNT).5

The BPNT is an empirically tested subtheory of the larger self-determination theory that articulates the relevance of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Deci and Ryan5 suggest that environmental support for individuals’ basic psychological needs contributes to self-determined motivation, well-being and adaptive behavioural outcomes.6 There is value and need to develop supportive contexts which foster …