tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A randomised controlled trial of intrapleural balloon intercostal chest drains to prevent drain displacement
Authors: Rachel M. Mercer, Eleanor Mishra, Radhika Banka, John P. Corcoran, Cyrus Daneshvar, Rakesh K. Panchal, Tarek Saba, Melanie Caswell, Sarah Johnstone, Daniel Menzies, Sana Ahmer, Mitra Shahidi, Amelia O. Clive, Manish Gautam, Giles Cox, Chris Orton, Judith Lyons, Nadeem Maddekar, Duneesha De Fonseka, Kathryn Prior, Simon Barnes, Grace Robinson, Louise Brown, Mohammed Munavvar, Palav L. Shah, Robert J. Hallifax, Kevin G. Blyth, Emma Hedley, Nick A. Maskell, Stephen Gerry, Robert F. Miller, Najib M. Rahman, Samuel V. Kemp
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Chest drain displacement is a common clinical problem that occurs in 9-42% of cases and results in treatment failure or additional pleural procedures conferring unnecessary risk. A novel chest drain with an integrated intrapleural balloon may reduce the risk of displacement.A prospective randomised controlled trial comparing the balloon drain to standard care (12 F chest drain with no balloon) with the primary outcome of objectively defined unintentional or accidental chest drain displacement.267 patients were randomised (primary outcome data available in 257, 96.2%). Displacement occurred less frequently using the balloon drain (displacement 5 of 128, 3.9%; standard care displacement 13 of 129, 10.1%) but this was not statistically significant (OR for drain displacement 0.36, 95% CI 0.13-1.0, Chi-squared 1 degree of freedom (df)=2.87, p=0.09). Adjusted analysis to account for minimisation factors and use of drain sutures demonstrated balloon drains were independently associated with reduced drain fall-out rate (adjusted OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.87, p=0.028). Adverse events were higher in the balloon arm than the standard care arm (balloon drain 59 of 131, 45.0%; standard care 18 of 132, 13.6%; Chi-squared 1 df=31.3, p<0.0001).Balloon drains reduce displacement compared with standard drains independent of the use of sutures but are associated with increased adverse events specifically during drain removal. The potential benefits of the novel drain should be weighed against the risks, but may be considered in practices where sutures are not routinely used.
Abstract 10941: Cerebral Consumption of Lactate Increases Neurological Injury After Experimental Cardiac Arrest in Rabbits
Authors: Estelle Faucher, fanny lidouren, Yara Abi Zeid Daou, Bijan Ghaleh, Renaud Tissier, Matthias Kohlhauer
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Neuronal consumption of lactate is known to be protective after long duration of brain ischaemia. However, its consequences on neurological function after shorter duration of ischemia like after cardiac arrest are unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that cerebral lactate consumption is deleterious for neurological outcome, whereas lactate dehydrogenase inhibition by oxamate could improve recovery. Methods: Male New-Zealand rabbits were anesthetized and surgically instrumented to assess lactate, glucose and O 2 cerebral consumption by measurement of the arterio-jugular differences. After 10 min of ventricular fibrillation, animals were resuscitated and randomly received a 30-min infusion of either saline (Control, n=6), lactate (Lact, 5 mg/kg/min, n=6) or oxamate (Oxa, 37.5 mg/kg/min, n=6). They were followed during 4 h. Additional animals were submitted to the same procedure without surgical instrumentation to allow recovery and assessment of neurological function during 48 h after cardiac arrest. In both experiments, neuronal death was assessed histologically by fluorojade C staining. Results: In Control group, a strong increase of the cerebral consumption of O 2 , glucose and lactate was observed during the 4 hours following resuscitation. In Lact group, lactate consumption was increased as compared to Control, whereas it was almost abolished in Oxa group (17.13±3.59, 32.60±6.24 and 4.04±1.58 mmol/L/min in Control, Lact and Oxa, respectively). Additionally, Oxa group presented a reduced consumption of glucose and O 2 after cardiac arrest as compared to other groups. Interestingly, administration of oxamate was highly neuroprotective whereas lactate administration worsened the neurological outcome after cardiac arrest (38±4, 64±10 and 15±6 % of neurological dysfunction score at 48h in Control, Lact and Oxa, respectively). Oxamate infusion was also associated with a significant reduction in the number of degenerative neurons at 4 h and 48 h of follow-up. Conclusions: The cerebral consumption of lactate appeared to be detrimental in rabbits after cardiac arrest. Its inhibition by oxamate is potently neuroprotective.
141P Phase Ib study of the TLR7 agonist TQ-A3334 monotherapy or combined with anlotinib or PD-L1 inhibitor in treatment of advanced metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Y. Song, T. Lv, G.N. Wu, J.Z. Rui, X. Zuo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Blinatumomab maintenance after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mahmoud R. Gaballa, Pinaki Banerjee, Denái R. Milton, Xianli Jiang, Christina Ganesh, Sajad Khazal, Vandana Nandivada, Sanjida Islam, Mecit Kaplan, May Daher, Rafet Basar, Amin Alousi, Rohtesh Mehta, Gheath Alatrash, Issa Khouri, Betul Oran, David Marin, Uday Popat, Amanda Olson, Priti Tewari, Nitin Jain, Elias Jabbour, Farhad Ravandi, Hagop Kantarjian, Ken Chen, Richard Champlin, Elizabeth Shpall, Katayoun Rezvani, Partow Kebriaei
Journal: Blood (2021)
Rebuilding resilient health systems for Europe
Authors: None The Lancet Regional Health – Europe
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a unique opportunity to re-evaluate and reimagine health system governance and structures, to be better prepared for future catastrophic events, such as a pandemic, extreme weather events, or economic crises. Against this backdrop, The Lancet Regional Health – Europe presents a Series of 11 papers on rebuilding resilient health systems for Europe, addressing the lessons that have been learnt during the pandemic, changes that have been adopted, and the transformations that will be needed to achieve health system resilience—the ability to prepare for, manage (absorb, adapt, and transform), and learn from shocks.
Improving longitudinal P300-BCI performance for people with ALS using a data augmentation and jitter correction approach
Authors: Alyssa Hillary Zisk, Seyyed Bahram Borgheai, John McLinden, Roohollah Jafari Deligani, Yalda Shahriari
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2021)

The P300 Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a well-established communication channel for severely disabled people. However, variation in P300 latency, or latency jitter, is both increased in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and negatively associated with BCI performance. In this study, we proposed an augmentation and correction (A/C) characterization scheme with data augmentation and correction for jitter, both relying on time-shifted responses with individualized parameters determined based on latency jitter. We tested this approach offline on longitudinal data collected from six participants with ALS. While our longitudinal analysis showed decreased BCI performance and increased latency jitter over time with both our proposed characterization scheme and conventional methods, our proposed A/C characterization scheme significantly improved character selection accuracy, required for usability, along with recall and F-scores, showing the effectiveness of our proposed approach. These results should inform further work on improving longitudinal BCI performance and reliability for people with ALS.
The Impact of Letermovir (LTV) Prophylaxis on Early Cytomegalovirus Infection (CMVi) and Outcomes in the Adult Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (alloHCT) Recipients with High-Risk Donor Type
Authors: Sanjeet S Dadwal, Dongyun Yang, Guido Marcucci, Sally Mokhtari, Bernard Tegtmeier, Joycelynne Palmer, Eileen P. Smith, Randy Taplitz, Andrew S. Artz, Peter T. Curtin, Ricardo Spielberger, Amandeep Salhotra, Anthony S. Stein, Stephen J Forman, Monzr M. Al Malki, Ryotaro Nakamura
Journal: Blood (2021)
Novel technique for treating intussuscepted intestinal Meckel’s diverticulum: enteroscopic intestinal diverticulum dissection (EIDD)
Authors: Ping-Ting Gao, Meng-Jiang He, Quan-Lin Li, Ping-Hong Zhou, Li-Li Ma
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Meckel’s diverticulum is a well-described anomaly of the small intestine caused by the incomplete closure of the omphalomesenteric or vitelline duct. It generally does not cause any symptoms [1]. Treatment is usually performed for complications, the most serious being gastrointestinal bleeding. Traditional treatments including diverticulum exclusion, varus suture, simple resection of the diverticulum, and partial resection of the small intestine, are traumatic [2] [3]. Enteroscopic surgery is a recently developed treatment modality. Herein, we report on a novel technique, called enteroscopic intestinal diverticulum dissection (EIDD) ([Fig. 1]), for treatment of intussuscepted intestinal Meckel’s diverticulum.
Highlights 2021: line of sight
Authors: Joanna Palmer, Chandrakant Lahariya, Hawanatu Jah, Fatoumata Kongira, Yahaya Idris, Savannah Dodd, Melita M Nasca, James Clifford Kent, Hugo Rolando Gonzalez Cárdenas, Alexander Kumar, Saverio Bellizzi, Kwaku Ohene-Frempong, Folafoluwa Odetola, Nicolas Beaumont, Samantha Kumara Senavirathna, Saranga Dinusha Geeganage, Padmakumari Abeysinghe, Himmatrao Saluba Bawaskar, Promodini Himmatrao Bawaskar, Pearl Gan, Menaka Hapugoda, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, KV Balasubramanya, Manoj Kumar Pati, Swaroop N
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
Astrocytic laminin-211 drives disseminated breast tumor cell dormancy in brain
Authors: Jinxiang Dai, Patrick J. Cimino, Kenneth H. Gouin, Candice A. Grzelak, Alexander Barrett, Andrea R. Lim, Annalyssa Long, Stephanie Weaver, Lindsey T. Saldin, Aiyedun Uzamere, Vera Schulte, Nigel Clegg, Laura Pisarsky, David Lyden, Mina J. Bissell, Simon Knott, Alana L. Welm, Jason H. Bielas, Kirk C. Hansen, Frank Winkler, Eric C. Holland, Cyrus M. Ghajar
Journal: Nature Cancer (2021)
Abstract 10327: Protected Mock Codes Using <i>In-situ</i> Simulation in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lai Ping Atalanta Wan
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Our hospital faced an uphill battle with increasing clinical emergencies, a surge of patients, and compliance with the new regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thereby, the code blue team developed a protected code blue protocol to minimize the infectious risk of the code team members and provide efficient management of emergencies during a lifesaving situation. Objectives: This project aimed to help the core team members to practice the new protected code blue protocol using in-situ simulation. The drills might improve the self-confidence of the code team members in performing their role, clear identification of themselves, effective communication skills, and teamwork. Methods: The mock code team developed different scenarios and ran the drills in 17 departments in different shifts within 8 weeks. A convenience sample of 269 staff participated in the drills. Participants included physicians, respiratory therapists, nurses, and other disciplinary staff. A debriefing was conducted to identify areas of improvement. Participants completed an evaluation form during the debriefing. The form included questions using a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) to rate the variables. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to test the hypotheses. Results: Out of the 269 participants, 125 staff completed and returned the evaluation form. The mean overall rating of the protected mock codes was 4.184 at a scale from 1 (very poor) to 5 (excellent) with a standard deviation of .827. The Pearson correlation coefficient ( r ) between the overall rating of the training and the amount of self-confidence in performing their role was .697 ( p =.000); clear identification of themselves was .329 ( p = .000); effective communication skills was .500 ( p = .000); and teamwork was .526 ( p = .000). Limitations: The project was conducted in a teaching hospital. The results might not apply to different care delivery settings. Conclusions: The findings of this project demonstrated that in-situ simulation improved the self-confidence of the code team members, communication skills, and teamwork in performing the protected code blue protocol for a COVID-19 suspected or confirmed patient with cardiac arrest.
Evolution of metastasis: new tools and insights
Authors: Philippe Gui, Trever G. Bivona
Journal: Trends in cancer (2021)

Metastasis is an evolutionary process occurring across multiple organs and timescales. Due to its continuous and dynamic nature, this multifaceted process has been challenging to investigate and remains incompletely understood, in part due to the lack of tools capable of probing genomic evolution at high enough resolution. However, technological advances in genetic sequencing and editing have provided new and powerful methods to refine our understanding of the complex series of events that lead to metastatic dissemination. In this review, we summarize the latest genetic and lineage-tracing approaches developed to unravel the genetic evolution of metastasis. The findings that have emerged have enhanced our comprehension of the mechanistic trajectories and timescales of metastasis and could provide new strategies for therapy.
The Combined Interpretation of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Metastatic Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Aimee R. Hayes, Luke Furtado O'Mahony, Ann-Marie Quigley, Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Martyn E. Caplin, Shaunak Navalkissoor, Christos Toumpanakis
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NEN) are widely heterogeneous in their biological behavior, and predicting prognosis and optimal treatment strategies can be challenging. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is a sensitive imaging modality for well-differentiated NEN and indicates a favorable prognosis, whereas 18F-FDG PET/CT avidity indicates disease that is potentially more aggressive. There has been emerging interest in the combined interpretation of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET and its prognostic significance. We aimed to assess the prognostic utility of a classification system that incorporates the complex findings of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET interpreted side-by-side in patients with metastatic GEP NEN.We defined 3 68Ga-DOTATATE/18F-FDG "dual-tracer PET" groups: D1 (68Ga-DOTATATE positive/18F-FDG negative), D2 (68Ga-DOTATATE positive/18F-FDG positive), and D3 (68Ga-DOTATATE negative/18F-FDG positive). We retrospectively assessed the association between the dual-tracer PET classification and progression-free and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model.Eighty-seven patients with metastatic GEP NEN and contemporaneous 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET were included. The dual-tracer PET classification was an independent predictor of OS (multivariate P = 0.016) and also predicted progression-free survival (univariate P = 0.030). Other independent predictors of OS included chromogranin A and World Health Organization (WHO) grade. WHO grade was not associated with OS from the time of dual-tracer PET but was an independent predictor of OS from the date of histological diagnosis (multivariate P = 0.003).Our study demonstrates that a classification system combining the complex findings of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET is correlated with prognosis. Further research is needed to prospectively validate these findings and to explore whether dual-tracer PET scores may also be able to predict response to treatment.
Effect of particle size on in vivo performances of long-acting injectable drug suspension
Authors: Myoung Jin Ho, Min Young Jeong, Hoe Taek Jeong, Min Seob Kim, Hyun Jin Park, Dong Yoon Kim, Hyo Chun Lee, Woo Heon Song, Chang Hyun Kim, Choong Hyun Lee, Young Wook Choi, Yong Seok Choi, Young Taek Han, Myung Joo Kang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2021)
Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Identifies Rationally Designed Combination Therapies Relevant for CRLF2-Rearranged Ph-like ALL
Authors: Kensuke Sasaki, Takuji Yamauchi, Yuichiro Semba, Jumpei Nogami, Hiroshi Imanaga, Tatsuya Terasaki, Fumihiko Nakao, Koshi Akahane, Takeshi Inukai, Els Verhoeyen, Koichi Akashi, Takahiro Maeda
Journal: Blood (2021)
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Identifies Immune Biomarkers of Response to Immunotherapy in Patients with High-Risk Smoldering Myeloma
Authors: Romanos Sklavenitis-Pistofidis, Ankit K. Dutta, Sylvia Ujwary, Robert A. Redd, Alexandra Savell, Léa Fléchon, François Aguet, Nicholas Haradhvala, Oksana Zavidij, Mark Bustoros, Sabrin Tahri, Tarek H Mouhieddine, Nang K. Su, Lily Ardente, Shankara Anand, Jacalyn Rosenblatt, Jeffrey A. Zonder, James J. Vredenburgh, Adam Boruchov, Manisha Bhutani, Saad Z. Usmani, Jeffrey V. Matous, Andrew J. Yee, Andrzej Jakubowiak, Claudia E. Paba-Prada, Julia Prescott, Jacob P. Laubach, Salomon Manier, Omar Nadeem, Paul G. Richardson, Ashraf Z. Badros, Lorenzo Trippa, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Gad Getz, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Blood (2021)
Erratum for Research Article “Whole-exome sequencing reveals germline-mutated small cell lung cancer subtype with favorable response to DNA repair–targeted therapies” by C. Tlemsani, N. Takahashi, L. Pongor, V. N. Rajapakse, M. Tyagi, X. Wen, G.-A. Fasaye, K. T. Schmidt, P. Desai, C. Kim, A. Rajan, S. Swift, L. Sciuto, R. Vilimas, S. Webb, S. Nichols, W. D. Figg, Y. Pommier, K. Calzone, S. M. Steinberg, J. S. Wei, U. Guha, C. E. Turner, J. Khan, A. Thomas
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)
Challenges and future perspectives of transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions: adopt old strategies or adapt to new opportunities?
Authors: Giulio Russo, Maurizio Taramasso, Daniela Pedicino, Marco Gennari, Mara Gavazzoni, Alberto Pozzoli, Denisa Muraru, Luigi P. Badano, Marco Metra, Francesco Maisano
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)
Early Tumor–Immune Microenvironmental Remodeling and Response to First-Line Fluoropyrimidine and Platinum Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ryul Kim, Minae An, Hyuk Lee, Arnav Mehta, You Jeong Heo, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Song-Yi Lee, Jeonghyeon Moon, Seung Tae Kim, Byung-Hoon Min, Tae Jun Kim, Sun Young Rha, Won Ki Kang, Woong-Yang Park, Samuel J. Klempner, Jeeyun Lee
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Chemotherapy is ubiquitous in first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer, yet responses are heterogeneous, and little is known about mediators of chemotherapy response. To move forward, an understanding of the effects of standard chemotherapy on the tumor-immune microenvironment (TME) is needed. Coupling whole-exome sequencing, bulk RNA and single-cell transcriptomics from paired pretreatment and on-treatment samples in treatment-naïve patients with HER2-positive and HER2-negative gastric cancer, we define features associated with response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Response was associated with on-treatment TME remodeling including natural killer (NK) cell recruitment, decreased tumor-associated macrophages, M1-macrophage repolarization, and increased effector T-cell infiltration. Among chemotherapy nonresponders, we observed low/absent PD-L1 expression or modulation, on-treatment increases in Wnt signaling, B-cell infiltration, and LAG3-expressing T cells coupled to an exodus of dendritic cells. We did not observe significant genomic changes in early on-treatment sampling. We provide a map of on-treatment TME modulation with standard chemotherapy and nominate candidate future approaches. Using paired pretreatment and on-treatment samples during standard first-line chemotherapy, we identify chemotherapy-induced NK-cell infiltration, macrophage repolarization, and increased antigen presentation among responders. Increased LAG3 expression and decreased dendritic cell abundance were seen in nonresponders, emphasizing remodeling of the TME during chemotherapy response and resistance. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873.
LUNA3 Phase III Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Oral BTK Inhibitor Rilzabrutinib in Adults and Adolescents with Persistent or Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: David J. Kuter, James B Bussel, Nichola Cooper, Terry Gernsheimer, Michele P. Lambert, Howard Liebman, Michael D Tarantino, Olga Bandman, Puneet Arora, Ann Neale, Regan Burns, Mengjie Yao, Waleed Ghanima
Journal: Blood (2021)
Abstract 9724: Variance of the Intracranial Pressure Over Time and Relationship With Neurologic Prognosis in Cardiac Arrest Survivors Who Underwent Targeted Temperature Management
Authors: Hogul Song, Yeonho You, Changshin Kang, Jung Soo Park
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the most serious post-cardiac arrest (CA) complications, and is associated with poor outcomes. However, only a few studies have described the changes in ICP over time according to neurologic outcomes during targeted temperature management (TTM) after CA. We aimed to investigate the changes in the ICP over time and neurologic prognosis in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors who received TTM. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included OHCA survivors who underwent TTM between May 2018 and December 2020. ICP was measured immediately after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (Day 1), and after 24 h (Day 2), 48 h (Day 3), and 72 h (Day 4) by connecting a lumbar drain. The neurologic outcome was determined 3 months after the ROSC, and the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) was dichotomized into good (CPC 1-2) and poor (CPC 3-5) outcomes. Results: We included 91 patients (males, 67; 74%); of whom 51 (56%) had a poor outcome. The ICP was significantly higher in the poor outcome group at each time point, except for Day 4. Moreover, the peak ICP levels were also higher in the poor outcome group (17.0 vs. 14.8; P = 0.002). The change in ICP levels was highest between Day 2 and Day 3 in the good outcome group, but between Day 1 and Day 2 in the poor outcome group. However, there was no difference in the total ICP change between the poor and good outcome groups (3.00 vs 3.09; P = 0.52). Using receiver operating characteristic analyses, the optimal cutoff values of the ICP levels for the prediction of poor outcomes were determined as: day 1, &gt; 11.8; day 2, &gt; 14.0; day 3, &gt; 15.0; and day 4, &gt; 14.8. Conclusions: All OHCA survivors who received TTM had an elevated ICP, regardless of the neurologic prognosis. However, peak ICP levels and the change in the ICP level on the first day after the ROSC was significantly higher in the poor outcome group. A prospective, multi-center study is required to confirm these results.
Errors in Key Points
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Zhangling Chen, MD, PhD; Djawad Radjabzadeh, MSc; Lianmin Chen, MSc; Alexander Kurilshikov, PhD; Maryam Kavousi, MD, PhD; Fariba Ahmadizar, MD, PhD; M. Arfan Ikram, MD, PhD; Andre G. Uitterlinden, PhD; Alexandra Zhernakova, PhD; Jingyuan Fu, PhD; Robert Kraaij, PhD; Trudy Voortman, PhD