tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A deep transfer learning approach for wearable sleep stage classification with photoplethysmography
Authors: Mustafa Radha, Pedro Fonseca, Arnaud Moreau, Marco Ross, Andreas Cerny, Peter Anderer, Xi Long, Ronald M. Aarts
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2021)

Unobtrusive home sleep monitoring using wrist-worn wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) could open the way for better sleep disorder screening and health monitoring. However, PPG is rarely included in large sleep studies with gold-standard sleep annotation from polysomnography. Therefore, training data-intensive state-of-the-art deep neural networks is challenging. In this work a deep recurrent neural network is first trained using a large sleep data set with electrocardiogram (ECG) data (292 participants, 584 recordings) to perform 4-class sleep stage classification (wake, rapid-eye-movement, N1/N2, and N3). A small part of its weights is adapted to a smaller, newer PPG data set (60 healthy participants, 101 recordings) through three variations of transfer learning. Best results (Cohen's kappa of 0.65 ± 0.11, accuracy of 76.36 ± 7.57%) were achieved with the domain and decision combined transfer learning strategy, significantly outperforming the PPG-trained and ECG-trained baselines. This performance for PPG-based 4-class sleep stage classification is unprecedented in literature, bringing home sleep stage monitoring closer to clinical use. The work demonstrates the merit of transfer learning in developing reliable methods for new sensor technologies by reusing similar, older non-wearable data sets. Further study should evaluate our approach in patients with sleep disorders such as insomnia and sleep apnoea.
Sleep apnoea in the elderly: a great challenge for the future
Authors: Ricardo S. Osorio, Miguel Ángel Martínez-García, David M. Rapoport
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Due in part to overall improvements in health, the population of elderly individuals is increasing rapidly. Similarly, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is both gaining increased recognition and also increasing due to the worldwide obesity epidemic. The overlap of OSA and ageing is large, but there is strong plausibility for causation in both directions: OSA is associated with pathological processes that may accelerate ageing and ageing-related processes; ageing may cause physical and neurological changes that predispose to obstructive (and central) apnoea. In addition, the common symptoms (e.g. excessive daytime sleepiness, and defects in memory and cognition), possible physiological consequences of OSA (e.g. accelerated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis), and changes in metabolic and inflammatory markers overlap with the symptoms and associated conditions seen in ageing. There is also the possibility of synergy in the effects of these symptoms and conditions on quality of life, as well as a need to separate treatable consequences of OSA from age-related complaints. Taken together, the aforementioned considerations make it essential to review the interaction of OSA and ageing, both proven and suspected. The present review examines some aspects of what is known and points to the need for further investigation of the relationships, given the large number of potentially affected subjects.
Racial/ethnic differences in eligibility for asthma biologics among pediatric populations
Authors: Eric M. Wohlford, Peter F. Huang, Jennifer R. Elhawary, Lauren A. Millette, Maria G. Contreras, Jonathan Witonsky, Cécile T.J. Holweg, Sam S. Oh, Christine Lee, Christine Merenda, Ronald L. Rabin, Richardae Araojo, Angel C.Y. Mak, Celeste S. Eng, Donglei Hu, Scott Huntsman, Michael A. LeNoir, Jose R. Rodríguez-Santana, Luisa N. Borrell, Esteban G. Burchard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease. Clinical blood parameters differ by race/ethnicity and are used to distinguish asthma subtypes and inform therapies. Differences in subtypes may explain population-specific trends in asthma outcomes. However, these differences in racial/ethnic minority pediatric populations are unclear.
Diabetic Truncal Neuropathy—Clinical and Radiological Image
Authors: Sara E. Frey, Jack E. Riggs
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

A 59-year-old man with a 13-year history of diabetes treated with metformin developed the sudden onset of excruciating and unrelenting right abdominal pain. Initially, he had hypersensitivity to light touch over both sides of the abdomen. An extensive workup revealed no identifiable intra-abdominal
OS09.6.A Cognition and health-related quality of life in long time survivors of high-grade glioma
Authors: J K H Spoor, M Donders-Kamphuis, W S Veenstra, S A van Dijk, C M F Dirven, P A E Sillevis Smit, M J van den Bent, S Leenstra, D D Satoer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Although prognosis is poor in high-grade glioma (HGG) patients, some become a long-term survivor (LTS). Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and cognition are seen as indicators for quality of survival in HGG but data in LTS and their caregivers are scarce. We aim to investigate cognition and HRQOL in LTS with evaluation by their proxies. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included LTS with initial HGG-diagnosis between 1999–2014. Cognition was assessed with: Boston Naming Test, shortened Token Test, verbal (Category and Letter) Fluency, Diagnostic Instrument of Mild Aphasia, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and Trail Making Test (A, B, B/A) and HRQOL with: EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (C30) and Brain Cancer Module (BN20). 15 Proxies evaluated patients’ HRQOL with: C30, BN20 and they filled in a burden scale: Caregiver Strain Index (CSI). RESULTS 21 patients with grade III or IV glioma and 7 years (range 5–20 years) median survival after diagnosis participated. Compared to normative data patients deviated significantly on HVLT (direct recall, delayed recall, recognition true positives), TMT (A, B and B/A), BNT and CF (p&amp;lt;0.05) which was not affected by hemispheric localization (left/right) or tumor grade (III/IV). HVLT delayed recall was significantly worse in patients with &amp;gt;12 years survival compared to patients with &amp;lt;12 years survival. Average QoL rating in patients was 75%, proxy’s evaluation about patients’ QoL was similar. Moderate correlations (p&amp;lt;0.05) were found between impaired scores on TMT and CF and C30 cognition subscale and between impaired scores on CF, HVLT delayed recall and BNT and BN20 language subscale. At individual level only one patient had intact scores on all administered tests. Other patients had mild impairments on 1–5 subtests and severe impairment on 1–8 subtests. Five out of 14 (36%) proxies reported a great level of caregiver strain on CSI. CONCLUSION Most LTS suffer from cognitive impairments. Despite worse prognosis and cognitive impairments, at group level patients report relatively intact QoL, which is supported by their proxies. However, at the individual level severity of impairments is variable and high caregiver strain is reported in one-third of the proxies. Objective cognitive functioning was only modestly associated with subjective experience in patients. A patient-tailored approach is recommended to investigate individual impairments and needs for rehabilitation and support for patients and also for their carers.
P11.06 Health-related quality of life and emotional wellbeing connected to glioblastoma; a longitudinal follow-up of patients and relatives
Authors: P Ståhl, I Henoch, A Smits, B Rydenhag, A Ozanne
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults and also the most aggressive one. At present, there is only palliative treatment available. The aim of this study is to investigate the HRQoL and emotional well-being of patients with glioblastoma by surveying them and their relatives from a time point before surgery until 2 years later. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients and their relatives answered the validated questionnaires SF-36 and HADS at several time points: preoperatively, at 3 weeks postoperatively, at 12 weeks postoperatively, at 6 months postoperatively, at 1 year postoperatively, at 1.5 years postoperatively, and at 2 years postoperatively. At baseline, the paired patients and their relatives came to consist of 63 patients and 63 relatives. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used. RESULTS Relatives scored more symptoms of anxiety than patients on all occasions except at 1.5 years postoperatively, with the largest significance preoperatively with p&amp;lt;0.001 and at 3 weeks postoperatively with p&amp;lt;0.001. 50% or more of the relatives reported the presence of symptoms of anxiety on all measured occasions. Furthermore, relatives scored worse for the SF-36 mental component summary (MCS) on all occasions except at 1.5 years postoperatively. Patients scored the SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) worse than the relatives on all measured occasions e.g., preoperatively p&amp;lt;0.001, at 3 weeks postoperatively p&amp;lt;0.001, at 12 weeks postoperatively p&amp;lt;0.001 and at 6 months postoperatively p&amp;lt;0.001. A comparison was also made between patients’ PCS and MCS with an age and gender matched population, patients scored MCS significantly worse than the general population preoperatively p&amp;lt;0.001 with effect size r=0.5, at 3 weeks postoperatively p&amp;lt;0.001with effect size r=0.5 and at 1.5 years postoperatively p=0.013 with effect size r=0.6. CONCLUSION The comparison between the HRQoL and emotional well-being of patients with glioblastoma and their relatives from presurgery to one and a half years postsurgery shows that patients on most occasions scored worse physical HRQoL and that relatives mostly scored worse mental HRQoL and emotional well-being. When comparing the patients in the present study with an age and gender matched reference population, it was found that the patients with glioblastoma scored worse HRQoL than the reference population.
P14.53 Immunotherapy in the complex treatment of HGG
Authors: A Rynda, V Olyushin, D Rostovtsev
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND To improve the long-term results of complex treatment of patients with malignant gliomas MATERIAL AND METHODS The long-term results of treatment of 220 patients with malignant gliomas of supratentorial localization (anaplastic astrocytomas, glioblastomas, giant cell glioblastomas, gliosarcomas) were evaluated. Of these patients, in addition to standard treatment methods (surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy), 110 patients underwent specific antitumor immunotherapy. In 110 patients, only standard methods were used in the complex treatment structure. Follow-up results were considered follow-up data, and a relapse-free period was also evaluated. RESULTS The implementation of specific antitumor immunotherapy in patients with malignant gliomas was safe and did not lead to an increase in the number of complications compared with the control group. It was revealed that the use of immunotherapy based on autologous dendritic cells, in addition to standard methods of treating patients, increases the average life expectancy (in patients with anaplastic astrocytomas up to 40.5 months (p = 0.001), in patients with glioblastomas up to 21.8 months (p = 0.002)) and the value of the relapse-free period (in patients with anaplastic astrocytomas up to 17.4 months (p = 0.002), in patients with glioblastomas up to 14.3 months (p = 0.003)), provided that three or more courses are carried out. Conducting 1 or 2 courses of immunotherapy does not significantly affect the average life expectancy and median survival of patients. CONCLUSION The development and use in clinical practice of specific antitumor immunotherapy based on autologous dendritic cells seems to be a very promising direction for further research, the development of which will improve the long-term results of treatment of patients.
만성 B형 바이러스성 간염에 대한 Thymomodulin 경구요법의 효과
Authors: 정철헌, 이숭환, 조용현, 김연수, 남승우, 이오영, 한동수, 손주현, 이동후 ( Chul Hun Chung), Soong Hwan Lee, Yong Hyeon Jo, Yeon Soo kim, Seung Woo Nam, Oh Young Lee, Dong Soo Ha, Joo Hyun Sohn, Dong Hoo Lee
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (1996)

Background/Aims:As one of biological modifiers of immune reaction, thymomodulin is known to be peptide derivatives of thyrnic acid. Lysate, and thymomodulin can stimulate antibody formations by increasmg the functions of B and T tymphocytes. Furthermore, GM-CSF and TNF can be released by thymomodulin resulting in relief from bone marrow suppression. And these actions of thymomodulin affer a new therapeutic modality in chronic diseases ot the liver as well as chronic hronchitis. Although interferons are frequently under trials for chronic viral hepatitis B. anothersome of side etTec ts and cost effectiveness is often refractory to be used. Herein, this study was intended to estimate the effectiveness and side effects of per oral thymomodulin. Methods:Forty one patients with chronic viral hepatitis showing positivity of HBsAg over 6 months were treated with per oral !hymomodulin (15mlAmg/ml, h vice daily, over 6 months ), Clinical data of preand post-trial states were prospectively investigated, Results as a result, negative conversion of HBV DNA izvealed 20.6% out ol 34 patients showed HBsAg positivity. HBeAg was isappeared in 10.4 % among the 29 cases. Only two cases were shown the clearance of HBsAg. However. These data are statistically insignificant in comparison to the control group (p>0.05, chi-square test). The desirable effects were noticed as disappearance of acne in 5 cases, and amelioration of menstrual abnormalities in 3 cases. Undesirable side effects were only mild nausea in 3 cases, and indigestion in 2 cases. Conclusions:On thc basis of these data, it is suggested that oral thymomodulin is an easy and safe therapeutic approach in chronic viral hepatitis B but remains to be heralded by long-term clinical trials.
Intratumoral stem-like CCR4+ regulatory T cells orchestrate the immunosuppressive microenvironment in HCC associated with hepatitis B
Authors: Yanan Gao, Maojun You, Junliang Fu, Meijie Tian, Xinyue Zhong, Chengzhi Du, Zhixian Hong, Zhenyu Zhu, Junliang Liu, Geoffrey J. Markowitz, Fu-Sheng Wang, Pengyuan Yang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2021)
P14.48 Extracerebral relapses of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL): a LOC network retrospective study
Authors: J Dufour, S Choquet, A Schmitt, G Ahle, R Houot, L Taillandier, R Ursu, K Hoang-Xuan, C Soussain, C Houillier
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Classically PCNSL remain confined within the CNS throughout their evolution for reasons still unknown (&amp;gt; 80% cerebral relapses). The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of the rare extracerebral relapses of PCNSL. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a multicenter, retrospective study. We included all immunocompetent patients newly diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell PCNSL registered in the national LOC network database since 2010 and followed prospectively, who presented an extracerebral relapse, pure (extracerebral only site) or associated with concomitant CNS relapse (mixed). All had body scan and/or TEP -CT at diagnosis work up. RESULTS Of the 1968 PCNSL included in the database, 29 (1.5%) patients presented a systemic relapse [median age 71 years, median KPS 70% at relapse], either pure (n=19) or mixed (n=10), with a histological confirmation in 19 cases (66%). The median delay between initial diagnosis and systemic relapse was 15 months [2–49 months], with 5 very early relapses (&amp;lt;8 months) and 10 late relapses (&amp;gt;21 months). 27 patients had symptoms, 21 related to the location of relapse and 6 with only general symptoms. The localization was thoracic (n=11), abdominal/pelvic (n=14), head/neck (n=6) and limbs (n=9). We found visceral (n=24, 83%), including testis in 5 (28%) men and breast in 3 (27%) women, lymph node (n=12, 41%) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) (n=8, 28%; 4 plexus and 4 extradural roots) involvement. 27 patients were treated with chemotherapy, either with only systemic target (n=8) (R-CHOP alone) or mixed systemic and CNS target (n=19) (R-CHOP-MTX, R-ICE, GEMOX, RDHAC) and consolidated by high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HCT-ASCT) in 4 cases [median age 55 years, median KPS 80%], with 34% of complete response. After systemic relapse, median progression-free survival was 8 months and overall survival (OS) was 9 months, 15 months for pure systemic and 4.5 months for mixed relapses. KPS&amp;gt;70%, pure systemic relapses and complete response were significantly associated with higher OS in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION Extracerebral PCNSL relapses are very rare, mainly extranodal and involve a large spectrum of anatomical sites, the most frequent being testis, breast and PNS. Prognosis was worse in case of mixed relapse than in pure systemic relapse that was similar to non PCNSL lymphomas. Very early relapses raise the question of misdiagnosed occult extracerebral lymphoma at diagnostic work up that should include systematically a FDG PET-CT. More studies are needed to refine their treatment and to specify the role of HCT-ASCT. Paired tumor tissues at diagnosis (CNS)/relapse (extracerebral) analysis would provide a better understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms.
Synergy effects of Asperosaponin VI and bioactive factor BMP-2 on osteogenesis and anti-osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Fangping Chen, Qing Liang, Lijie Mao, Yanrong Yin, Lixin Zhang, Cuidi Li, Changsheng Liu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Osteoporosis is a reduction in skeletal mass due to the decrease of osteogenic ability and the activation of the osteoclastic function. Inhibiting bone resorption and accelerating the new bone formation is a promising strategy to repair the bone defect of osteoporosis. In this study, we first systematically investigated the roles of Chinese medicine Asperosaponin VI (ASP VI) on osteogenic mineralization of BMSCs and osteoclastogenesis of BMMs, and then explored the synergistic effect of ASP VI and BS (BMP-2 immobilized in 2-N, 6-O-sulfated chitosan) on bone formation. The result showed that ASP VI with the concentration lower than 10
Promotion of prostate cancer screening equity: A quality improvement education initiative.
Authors: Kristen Stevens Hobbs, Thomas Farrington, Andrew McGlone, Roxanne Leiba Lawrence, Ginny Jacobs, Patrice Lazure, Pamela McFadden, Laura Lee Hall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

140 Background: Black men are disparately affected by prostate cancer (PC). They are more likely to develop PC and at an earlier age when the disease is more advanced at diagnosis. As a result, Black men are two to three times more likely to die from PC than white men. Given these disparities, experts increasingly promote screening for PC in Black men at a younger age. Methods: To inform implementation of a quality improvement education (QIE) project in three primary care practices in Maryland, a zip code analysis of the prevalence of PC was performed. Maryland practices were selected due to higher rates of PC in regions of the state and significant Black populations (Table). The QIE initiative started with a baseline practice assessment survey (including information on panel size, patient demographics, PC screening/treatment approaches, and barriers) and an analysis of current PC screening rates. Health system leaders and champions from the practice sites received training on patient-centered conversations with high-risk Black patients and concerning QIE planning. The champions developed rapid cycle improvement plans to implement increased screening using a patient-oriented online educational platform ( Dr. PSA ), as well as posters, and placards for patient education. Results: The overall national prevalence of PC in Medicare Fee-for-Service Program beneficiaries in 2018 was 2.65%. For Black beneficiaries the overall prevalence was 2.89%. Prevalence for beneficiaries in specific Maryland zip codes are detailed in Table. *Data not available; Source: NMQF Prostate Cancer Index Baseline practice assessment data revealed that patient panels ranged from 4,000 to 58,163 patients, with Black patients accounting for 50% or more of two of the practices and 25 to 50% of the third practice. Barriers to screening identified include financial issues, insurance restrictions, and lack of knowledge about PC and screening. Baseline screening rates are approximately 75%. Conclusions: Zip code prevalence analysis and baseline practice assessment data confirmed the relevance of implementing a QIE initiative in the three selected sites. Through a mixed-methods evaluation study, practice staff knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices will be assessed pre- and post-QIE initiative to assess impact of the initiative and determine opportunities for further improvement in PC screening practices.[Table: see text]
Risk factors associated with bloodstream infections among critically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Tim McMillan, Conor Jones, Cavan J O'Connor, Daniel Nolan, Xin Hui S Chan, Jayne Ellis, Clare Thakker, Katharina Kranzer, Neil RH Stone, Mervyn Singer, A Peter R Wilson, Nishkantha Arulkumaran
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)
Fasting blood glucose as a predictor of mortality: Lost in translation
Authors: Dushani L. Palliyaguru, Eric J. Shiroma, John K. Nam, Eleonora Duregon, Camila Vieira Ligo Teixeira, Nathan L. Price, Michel Bernier, Simonetta Camandola, Kelli L. Vaughan, Ricki J. Colman, Andrew Deighan, Ron Korstanje, Luanne L. Peters, Stephanie L. Dickinson, Keisuke Ejima, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Lenore J. Launer, Chee W. Chia, Josephine Egan, David B. Allison, Gary A. Churchill, Rozalyn M. Anderson, Luigi Ferrucci, Julie A. Mattison, Rafael de Cabo
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2021)