tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Health of Workers in a Textile Plant.
Authors: Rollo H. Britten, J. J. Bloomfield, Jennie C. Goddard
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Control of antibody orientation for sensitive protein microarray
Authors: Kim Eung-Sam, Bee Hak Hong, Chang Wook Park, Joon Won Park, Kwan Yong Choi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

A55   Microarray technology allows high throughput analysis of various biomolecules of interest. While DNA microarray shows the simultaneous expression level of a genome, the investigation of the change in protein levels gives us more meaningful clues to understand the cellular response to the various stimuli. Cytokines from immune cells act as messenger proteins to trigger defensive network to non-self molecules. One of immune assay, ELISA is widely used to measure the concentration of particular cytokine in serum or culture medium. The assay is based on the specific recognition between antibody and antigen. In this study, we present an advanced method to immobilize the whole IgG-type antibody or its fragments on the planar solid substrate. The chemically modified glass slide enables the capture probes to stand upright via covalent linkage to avoid the random orientation. The distance between neighboring anchorage sites for capture probes is also controlled to minimize the steric hindrance of capture probes from 3.5 nm to 6 nm. Our results show the effect of antibody orientation on detection sensitivity of cytokines using the microarray-type immunoaasay whose analytic capacity is equivalent or higher than the well-based immunoarray.
Pre-Transplantation Assessment Of Mortality (PAM) Score Is a Poor Predictor For Survival In The Highest Risk Group When Used In T Cell Depleted Myeloablative Allogeneic Transplants
Authors: Bhuvan Kishore, Daniel Wiseman, Emmanouil Nikolousis, Richard Lovell, Donald Milligan, Kathy Holder, Lynn Bratby, Vidhya Murthy, Shankaranarayana Paneesha
Journal: Blood (2013)
Principles and Practice of Oral Surgery.
Authors: S. L. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 14660: Early Bereavement is Associated with Increased Heart Rate and Reduced Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Thomas Buckley, Roger Bartrop, Sharon McKinley, Chrostopher Ward, Anastasia S Mihailidou, Marie-Christine Morel-Kopp, Monica Spinaze, Geoffrey Tofler
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Bereavement, particularly during the early weeks, is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) events, however the mechanism has not been well studied. Purpose: We assessed the hypo...
Superparamagnetic MRI probes for in vivo tracking of dendritic cell migration with a clinical 3 T scanner
Authors: Ye Xu, Changqiang Wu, Wencheng Zhu, Chunchao Xia, Dan Wang, Houbin Zhang, Jun Wu, Gan Lin, Bing Wu, Qiyong Gong, Bin Song, Hua Ai
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Abstract 14093: Hyperkalemia Associated with Medications Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Incidence and Withdrawal Rate in a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Jorge Romero, Harikrishna Makani, Jonathan Kahan, Omar Wever-Pinzon, Arpit Shah, Ronaldo A Sevilla, Franz H Messerli
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Hyperkalemia is considered to be a common adverse effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers. There has been controversy over the incidence of this side effect, whic...
Abstract 4707: Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Reduces Myocardial Injury After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery With Cristalloid Cardioplegic Arrest
Authors: Matthias Thielmann, Eva Kottenberg, Kerstin Boengler, Christoph Raffelsieper, Daniel Wendt, Markus Neuhauser, Jurgen Peters, Heinz Jakob, Gerd Heusch
Journal: Circulation (2009)
School phobia and other childhood neuroses: a systematic study of the children and their families
Authors: Sherwood Waldron, Diane K. Shrier, Betty Stone, Frances Tobin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The authors developed reliable clinical rating scales to compare 35 children with school phobia and their families with a matched sample of children with other neuroses and their families. Twice as many school phobic children as children with other neuroses showed excessive separation anxiety, dependency, and depression. Although a mutually hostile-dependent interaction was found in most of the families of children with school phobia, the development of school phobia appeared to be dependent on defects in character development in the children as well. The authors discuss the etiological significance of the almost universal parental pathology and family malfunction for both groups of children.
Abstract 8572: Enhanced Angiogenesis By Transplantation Of iPS Cell-derived Flk-1+ Cell Sheet Created By A Novel Magnetic Tissue Engineering Method
Authors: Tetsutaro Kito, Rei Shibata, Hirohiko Suzuki, Masakazu Ishii, Takashi Yamamoto, Yasushi Numaguchi, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Therapeutic angiogenesis using cell transplantation represents a novel strategy for severe ischemic diseases, but some patients had poor response to angiogenic cell therapy. Therefore, ...
Retrograde Recanalization of Chronic Total Occlusions in Europe
Authors: Alfredo R. Galassi, Georgios Sianos, Gerald S. Werner, Javier Escaned, Salvatore D. Tomasello, Marouane Boukhris, Marine Castaing, Joachim H. Büttner, Alexander Bufe, Artis Kalnins, James C. Spratt, Roberto Garbo, David Hildick-Smith, Simon Elhadad, Andrea Gagnor, Bernward Lauer, Leszek Bryniarski, Evald H. Christiansen, Leif Thuesen, Markus Meyer-Geßner, Omer Goktekin, Mauro Carlino, Yves Louvard, Thierry Lefèvre, Aigars Lismanis, Valery L. Gelev, Antonio Serra, Francesco Marzà, Carlo Di Mario, Nicolaus Reifart
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Morphologic Variants of Familial Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Darshan Dalal, Harikrishna Tandri, Daniel P. Judge, Nuria Amat, Robson Macedo, Rahul Jain, Crystal Tichnell, Amy Daly, Cynthia James, Stuart D. Russell, Theodore Abraham, David A. Bluemke, Hugh Calkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Abstract 12568: Impaired Right Ventricular Myocardial Perfusion and Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Study of Contrast Echocardiography and Strain Imaging
Authors: Hiroki Oe, Nobuhisa Watanabe, Norihisa Toh, Yuko Oono, Satoko Ugawa, Yasuharu Tanabe, Satoshi Akagi, Kazufumi Nakamura, Hiroshi Morita, Hiroshi Ito
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Little is known about right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Recently, RV ischemia has been reported to be a contributory factor in th...
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz.
Authors: John Gray McKendrick
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neurohormonal, Structural, and Functional Recovery Pattern After Premature Ventricular Complex Ablation Is Independent of Structural Heart Disease Status in Patients With Depressed Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Diego Penela, Carine Van Huls Vans Taxis, Luis Aguinaga, Juan Fernández-Armenta, Lluis Mont, Maria Angels Castel, Magda Heras, Jose María Tolosana, Marta Sitges, Augusto Ordóñez, Josep Brugada, Katja Zeppenfeld, Antonio Berruezo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)

This study aimed to assess the benefit after ablation of premature ventricular complexes (PVC) in patients with frequent PVC and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, regardless of previous structural heart disease (SHD) diagnosis, PVC morphology, or estimated site of origin. Ablation of PVC in patients with LV dysfunction is usually restricted to patients with suspected PVC-induced cardiomyopathy. Consecutive patients with frequent PVC and LV dysfunction accepted for ablation at 4 centers were prospectively included. Of the 80 patients included, 27 (34%) had a diagnosis of SHD. Successful sustained ablation (SSA) was achieved in 53 (66%) patients, and LVEF improved in these patients from 33.7 ± 8% to 43.8 ± 9.4% and 45.8 ± 10.9% at 6 and 12 months, respectively (p < 0.05), without differences related to previous diagnosis of SHD (p = 0.69). BNP decreased from 109 [64 to 242] pg/ml to 60 [25 to 170] pg/ml, 50 [14 to 130] pg/ml, and 60 [19 to 81] pg/ml at 1, 6, and 12 months (p < 0.05). Patients in NYHA class I increased from 12 (23%) to 42 (79%) at 12 months (p < 0.05). A 13% baseline PVC burden had 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity to predict an absolute increase ≥5% in LVEF after SSA. Although 20 patients with >13% PVC and SSA had class I indication for cardioverter defibrillator implantation, these indications were absent at 6 months post-ablation. Independently of the presence of SHD, the SSA of frequent PVC in patients with depressed LVEF induced a progressive clinical and functional improvement. Improvement in heart failure parameters was related to baseline PVC burden and persistence of ablation success.
Abstract 517: FDG PET Imaging Positively Impacts Management Direction and Predicts Outcomes in a Multicenter 'Real World' Setting
Authors: Maria C Ziadi, Robert A deKemp, Jennifer M Renaud, Judy Etele, Ann Guo, Kathryn Williams, Ross A Davies, Benjamin J Chow, Terrence D Ruddy, Renee Hessian, Jean N DaSilva, Mark Iwanochko, Chirs Marriott, Gerald Wisenberg, Edward P Ficaro, Linda Garrard, Rob S Beanlands
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Selection of candidates most likely to benefit from revascularization (REV) remains paramount in patients (pts) with ischemic heart failure (HF). Post-hoc analysis of PARR2 trial sugges...
Evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor cell apoptosis as predictive markers for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: M. Ono, H. Tsuda, C. Shimizu, S. Yamamoto, T. Shibata, T. Kouno, K. Tamura, M. Ando, N. Katsumata, T. KInoshita, Y. Fujiwara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

559 Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and HER-2. Pathological complete response (pCR) of TNBC to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is correlated with excellent clinical outcome. We examined the value of histological parameters including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor cell apoptosis as surrogate markers for pCR in TNBC. Methods: Of 474 patients who received NAC and subsequent surgical therapy to stage II-III invasive breast carcinoma between 1999 and 2007, 102 (22%) had TNBC, and 92 core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens before NAC were available. We first immunohistochemically confirmed TNBC and basal-like subtype by current criteria for ER, PgR, and HER-2, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK14, EGFR, and p53. All cases were TNBC, and 54 tumors (59%) were basal-like subtype defined as expression of at least one of CK5/6, CK14 and EGFR in &gt;1% of cancer cells. Totally, 26 tumors (28%) showed pCR. Thirteen histopathological parameters were examined, and their correlation with pCR rate was tested. These parameters were also examined in resected tumor specimens from 21 non-pCR cases. Results: The pCR rate was significantly higher in the patients with tumors with TIL (24 of 68, 35%) than in those without (2 of 24, 8%, p = 0.01), and higher in tumors with high-score apoptosis (9 of 19, 47%) than in those with low-score apoptosis (17 of 73, 23%, p = 0.04). Tumors showing medullary features and p53-negative tended to show pCR more frequently (38% and 35%) than those with non-medullary features and with p53-positive (25% and 24%), but the differences were not significant. Of 21 non-pCR cases, TIL was consistently negative before and after NAC in 8, but TIL emerged after NAC in 13. The pCR rate did not differ significantly between the basal-like type (31%) and non-basal-like type (24%). Conclusions: TIL and the level of tumor cell apoptosis appeared predictive markers for response to NAC in TNBC. Patients’ host factors correlated with immune response appears play a substantial role in the response to NAC in TNBC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Eye Hazards in Industrial Occupations.
Authors: Louis Resnick, Lewis H. Carris
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2960: HuR Knockdown Attenuates Post-MI Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Remodeling via Enhanced mRNA Degradation of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Inhibition of P53-mediated Apoptosis and TGF-beta-mediated Fibrosis in IL-10 Knock-out Mice
Authors: Prasanna Krishnamurthy, Erin Lambers, Rajasingh Johnson, Eneda Hoxha, Tina Thorne, Gangjian Qin, Douglas Losordo, Raj Kishore
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Abstract 2635: Prothrombotic Disorders, Patent Foramen Ovale and Unexplained Cerebral Infarction: The THrombophilia in Cryptogenic StroKe (THICK) Study
Authors: Jorge R Kizer, Alan Z Segal, Roy L Silverstein, Linda M Gerber, Alvin I Mushlin, Martin L Lesser, Harry L Bush, Richard B Devereux
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Cytokine Alteration In Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients and Bisphosphonate (BP)-Related Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw (BRONJ)
Authors: Ashraf Badros, Sunita Philip, Patricia Lesho, Mariola Sadowska, Dianna Weikel, Timothy Meiller, Rena Lapidus, Lisa Hester, Todd Milliron, Olga Goloubeva
Journal: Blood (2013)
Thermal Characteristics of Tumors: Applications In Detection and Treatment
Authors: Rakesh K. Jain, Pietro M. Gullino
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Thermal Characteristics of Tumors: Applications In Detection and Treatment Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 4, October 1978, Page 1175, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.4.1175-b Published: 01 October 1978
Is docosahexaenoic acid synthesis from α-linolenic acid sufficient to supply the adult brain?
Authors: Anthony F Domenichiello, Alex P Kitson, Richard P Bazinet
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2015)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important for brain function, and can be obtained directly from the diet or synthesized in the body from α-linolenic acid (ALA). Debate exists as to whether DHA synthesized from ALA can provide sufficient DHA for the adult brain, as measures of DHA synthesis from ingested ALA are typically <1% of the oral ALA dose. However, the primary fate of orally administered ALA is β-oxidation and long-term storage in adipose tissue, suggesting that DHA synthesis measures involving oral ALA tracer ingestion may underestimate total DHA synthesis. There is also evidence that DHA synthesized from ALA can meet brain DHA requirements, as animals fed ALA-only diets have brain DHA concentrations similar to DHA-fed animals, and the brain DHA requirement is estimated to be only 2.4-3.8 mg/day in humans. This review summarizes evidence that DHA synthesis from ALA can provide sufficient DHA for the adult brain by examining work in humans and animals involving estimates of DHA synthesis and brain DHA requirements. Also, an update on methods to measure DHA synthesis in humans is presented highlighting a novel approach involving steady-state infusion of stable isotope-labeled ALA that bypasses several limitations of oral tracer ingestion. It is shown that this method produces estimates of DHA synthesis that are at least 3-fold higher than brain uptake rates in rats.
Combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the acute and continuation treatment of elderly patients with recurrent major depression: a preliminary report
Authors: C F Reynolds, E Frank, J M Perel, S D Imber, C Cornes, R K Morycz, S Mazumdar, M D Miller, B G Pollock, A H Rifai
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors examined the rate of response to the combination of nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy for acute and continuation treatment of elderly patients with recurrent major depression.The subjects were 73 elderly patients, 61 of whom completed treatment. Nortriptyline steady-state blood levels were maintained at 80-120 ng/ml, and interpersonal psychotherapy was administered weekly for 9.1 weeks (medium) of acute therapy and was decreased from biweekly to triweekly during 16 weeks of continuation therapy. During acute treatment nonresponding patients also received brief adjunctive pharmacotherapy with lithium or perphenazine.Of the 61 subjects given adequate trials of nortriptyline and interpersonal psychotherapy, 48 (78.7%) achieved full remission (Hamilton depression rating of 10 or lower over 16 weeks of continuation therapy), 10 patients (16.4%) did not respond (Hamilton rating never below 15), and three achieved only partial remission (Hamilton rating of 11-14). Early versus late onset was not associated with a difference in response rate. During the placebo-controlled, double-blind transition to maintenance therapy, 19 (76.0%) of the 25 patients randomly assigned to placebo maintenance conditions showed continued recovery and six relapsed. None of the 24 patients assigned to nortriptyline conditions relapsed.Use of nortriptyline plus interpersonal psychotherapy for 9.1 weeks (median) of acute and 16 weeks of continuation therapy appears to be associated with good response and relatively low attrition but about a 25% chance of relapse during double-blind discontinuation of nortriptyline. These data require confirmation in a controlled clinical trial of acute and continuation therapy.
Abstract 15485: Duration of Temporary Inferior Vena Cava Filter for Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Katsutaka Hashiba, Yasushi Matsuzawa, Toshiaki Ebina, Masami Kosuge, Kiyoshi Hibi, Yoshio Tahara, Kengo Tsukahara, Noriaki Iwahashi, Mitsuaki Endo, Nobuhiko Maejima, Kenichiro Saka, Masaaki Konishi, Kozo Okada, Eiichi Akiyama, Masaomi Goubara, Zenkou Nagashima, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Temporary inferior vena cava filters (t-IVCF) may be effective for the prevention of recurrent acute pulmonary embolism (APE). However there is no consensus regarding how long we should...
Influenza vaccine in young children.
Authors: Christopher S Ambrose, Robert B Belshe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

To the Editor: Vesikari et al. (Oct. 13 issue)1 report an efficacy of 89% for a trivalent inactivated vaccine with an oil-in-water adjuvant (ATIV) in children 6 to 71 months of age against vaccinematched strains. However, the efficacy of the trivalent inactivated vaccine without adjuvant (TIV) in the control group was lower than expected overall (45% vs. an expected 60%) and negligible (2%) among children 6 to 23 months of age. The TIV used in year 2, when 95% of the confirmed influenza cases occurred, was manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline. This TIV formulation was immunologically inferior to the Sanofi Pasteur TIV in a study involving children 6 to 59 months of age: strain-specific antibody titers were inferior and 48 to 63% lower among children 6 to 35 months of age and were noninferior but still 5 to 23% lower among children 36 to 59 months of age.2 These data may explain the low efficacy of TIV in the study by Vesikari et al. As noted by the authors, live attenuated influenza vaccine has been shown to have high efficacy in children as compared with placebo and TIV (manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur).3-5 Christopher S. Ambrose, M.D. MedImmune Gaithersburg, MD ambrosec@medimmune.com