tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Report from the PHLS for August and September
Journal: BMJ (1986)

was therefore 22%.As her father and grandparents were dead, however, it was necessary to type her father's siblings and their offspring to establish the linkage phase.From studying the ApoC2 Taql polymorphism, together with the Scl Bgl I polymorphism, and computing the results from various family members with the program Linkage," her predicted age dependent risk of carrying the myotonic dystrophy gene was reduced from 22% to 1-2%.
Non-invasive administration of AAV to target lung parenchymal cells and develop SARS-CoV-2-susceptible mice
Authors: Myeon-Sik Yang, Min-Jung Park, Junhyeong Lee, Byungkwan Oh, Kyung Won Kang, Yeonhwa Kim, Sang-Myeong Lee, Je-Oh Lim, Tae-Yang Jung, Jong-Hwan Park, Seok-Chan Park, Yun-Sook Lim, Soon B. Hwang, Kwang-Soo Lyoo, Dong-il Kim, Bumseok Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2022)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery holds great promise for gene therapy. However, the non-invasive delivery of AAV for lung tissues has not been adequately established. Here, we revealed that the intratracheal administration of an appropriate amount of AAV2/8 predominantly targets lung tissue. AAV-mediated gene delivery that we used in this study induced the expression of the desired protein in lung parenchymal cells, including alveolar type II cells. We harnessed the technique to develop severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-susceptible mice. Three kinds of immune function-relevant gene knockout (KO) mice were transduced with AAV encoding human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) and then injected with SARS-CoV-2. Among these mice, type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) KO mice showed increased viral titer in the lungs compared to that in the other KO mice. Moreover, nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 and multiple lesions in the trachea and lung were observed in AAV-hACE2-transduced, SARS-CoV-2-infected IFNAR KO mice, indicating the involvement of type I interferon signaling in the protection of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we demonstrate the ease and rapidness of the intratracheal administration of AAV for targeting lung tissue in mice, and this can be used to study diverse pulmonary diseases.
In Comment
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE article by Simmons and Stolley confirms the impressions of most clinicians active in the infectious disease field that antibiotics are overused both in office and hospital practice. This is disturbing not only because it reflects unfavorably on the medical profession but has important ecologic and economic consequences. It also adds further problems to an already overmedicated society. We have been particularly concerned with recent trends in hospital practice where the "drugs of fear," (gentamicin, cephalosporins, penicillinase-resistant penicillin, and carbenicillin) account for a huge portion of rising drug costs.<sup>1</sup> It seems to me that these problems will not be resolved by a general wringing of hands and certainly will not be solved by defaulting the physician's right to prescribe appropriate drugs to pharmacists or governmental agencies. We must, however, look carefully at the reasons for overuse of antibiotics and try to dissect out those contributory factors that can be
Muscular Dystrophy.
Authors: Augustus A. Eshner
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Philadelphia, March 15, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am desirous of learning of the occurrence of muscular dystrophies, including pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis, idiopathic muscular atrophy, Erb's juvenile (scapulo-humeral) atrophy and facio-scapulo-humeral (infantile) atrophy of Landouzy-Dejerine, in colored persons and especially in those of pure, unmixed African parentage. I shall be grateful to receive information from any one who has encountered or has knowledge of cases of this nature. Respectfully, 224 South Sixteenth St.
Cytokine expression of lung and small intestinal in experimental abdominal aortic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits: a semiquntitation of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis Harry H. Liu, Nicholas J. Morrissey, Ikka Kantonen, Shepard Weiner, Sumit De, Morris D.Kerstein, Larry H. Hollier. Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Research brief
Authors: Sharmila Devi
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)

A bioengineering technique to boost production of specific proteins might be the basis of a vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19. It is based on using snippets of a pathogen's structure to produce an antigen that triggers an appropriate immune response. Scientists manipulated a natural cellular process to ramp up levels of two proteins used by SARS-CoV-2 to infect other cells, packaged the protein-boosting instructions in nanoparticles, and injected them into mice.
Positive arterial remodeling is associated with increased temperature of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with acute coronary syndromes Konstantinos Toutouzas, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Manolis Vavuranakis, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Ioannis Kallikazaros, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Athanasios Trikas, Sofia Vaina, Dorothea Tsekoura, Pavlos Toutouzas. Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Vaccine Boosters after Ad26.COV2.S Priming
Authors: Roos S.G. Sablerolles, Wim J.R. Rietdijk, Abraham Goorhuis, Douwe F. Postma, Leo G. Visser, Daryl Geers, Katharina S. Schmitz, Hannah M. Garcia Garrido, Marion P.G. Koopmans, Virgil A.S.H. Dalm, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Anke L.W. Huckriede, Melvin Lafeber, Debbie van Baarle, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel, Rory D. de Vries, P. Hugo M. van der Kuy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, which was approved as a single-shot immunization regimen, has been shown to be effective against severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, this vaccine induces lower severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S)-specific antibody levels than those induced by messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines. The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a homologous or heterologous booster in persons who have received an Ad26.COV2.S priming dose are unclear.In this single-blind, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving health care workers who had received a priming dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, we assessed immunogenicity and reactogenicity 28 days after a homologous or heterologous booster vaccination. The participants were assigned to receive no booster, an Ad26.COV2.S booster, an mRNA-1273 booster, or a BNT162b2 booster. The primary end point was the level of S-specific binding antibodies, and the secondary end points were the levels of neutralizing antibodies, S-specific T-cell responses, and reactogenicity. A post hoc analysis was performed to compare mRNA-1273 boosting with BNT162b2 boosting.Homologous or heterologous booster vaccination resulted in higher levels of S-specific binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses than a single Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. The increase in binding antibodies was significantly larger with heterologous regimens that included mRNA-based vaccines than with the homologous booster. The mRNA-1273 booster was most immunogenic and was associated with higher reactogenicity than the BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S boosters. Local and systemic reactions were generally mild to moderate in the first 2 days after booster administration.The Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA boosters had an acceptable safety profile and were immunogenic in health care workers who had received a priming dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. The strongest responses occurred after boosting with mRNA-based vaccines. Boosting with any available vaccine was better than not boosting. (Funded by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development ZonMw; SWITCH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04927936.).
Has the Enemy “MET” Its Match? Subgroup Analysis Results from VISION Study
Authors: Samuel Rosner, Alexander I. Spira
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Summary Emerging therapies have recently received approval for the treatment of MET exon 14 skipping non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Further characterization of these therapies, such as tepotinib, is needed to identify patient subgroups most likely to derive benefit from these novel agents. See related article by Le et al., p. 1117
Epidemiology of psoriasis over time and by age and gender
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Psoriasis is a long-lasting disease involving inflammation of the skin.The extent to which the occurrence of psoriasis varies over time, as well as by gender and with age, has not been systematically explored.Therefore, wea group of researchers based in Manchester, UKaimed to perform a systematic review of published studies on variations in psoriasis incidence (the number of new individuals affected by psoriasis during a particular period of time) and prevalence (all individuals affected with the disease at a particular time) over time, as well as by gender and with age.We systematically searched 11 large electronic databases and identified 90 studies from 22 countries.We observed two peaks in age bands in psoriasis onset, with the first and second peak at around 30-39 and 60-69 years of age, respectively.Evidence suggested psoriasis presents slightly earlier in women than men.There was no agreement on specific differences between genders in psoriasis incidence and prevalence.However, a slight male predominance was reported in several studies.The prevalence of psoriasis has been consistently reported to be increasing over time, while the incidence of psoriasis has been reported to be stable or slightly decreasing over time.Our conclusion is that studies on changes over time in the occurrence of psoriasis have contributed to a greater appreciation of the increasing burden of the disease.However, further research is required to determine the reason driving the increase in psoriasis prevalence over time.
Reply to T. Shimoi et al and Y. Shimanuki et al
Authors: Ingrid A. Mayer, Fengmin Zhao, Carlos L. Arteaga, William F. Symmans, Ben H. Park, Brian L. Burnette, Amye J. Tevaarwerk, Sofia F. Garcia, Karen L. Smith, Della F. Makower, Margaret Block, Kimberly A. Morley, Chirag R. Jani, Craig Mescher, Shabana J. Dewani, Bernard Tawfik, Lisa E. Flaum, Erica L. Mayer, William M. Sikov, Eve T. Rodler, Lynne I. Wagner, Angela M. DeMichele, Joseph A. Sparano, Antonio C. Wolff, Kathy D. Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

We appreciate the interest expressed by Shimoi et al 1 and Shimanuki et al 2 in our recent manuscript. 3They raise thoughtful issues around two main questions.First, might there be a subset of patients who benefit from platinum therapy?Second, why was disease-free survival in capecitabine-treated patients in EA1131 so much worse than in capecitabine-treated patients in the CREATE-X 4 trial?In both cases, we stand by our reported conclusions.Negative clinical trial results often spawn the search for subsets of patients who might benefit from the therapies in question.Shimoi et al 1 wonder specifically about the accuracy of subtyping used in EA1131, and whether we may not have focused on the optimal subtype.In addition, they correctly point out that patients who harbor deleterious BRCA mutations may be uniquely sensitive to DNA-damaging agents such as the platinums. 5
Bet v 1 and other birch allergens are more resistant to proteolysis and more abundant than other birch pollen proteins
Authors: Aurora Cabrera, Alexander C. Y. Foo, Michael C. Fitzgerald, Geoffrey A. Mueller
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
TCT-26 Randomized Comparison Of Final Kissing Balloon Dilatation Versus No Final Kissing Balloon Dilatation In Patients With Coronary Bifurcation Lesions Treated With Main Vessel Stenting. Three Year Clinical Outcome In The Nordic-Baltic Bifurcation Study III
Authors: Niels R. Holm, Kari Kervinen, Matti J. Niemela, Andrejs Erglis, Indulis Kumsars, Terje Steigen, Evald H. Christiansen, Markku Eskola, Hannu Romppanen, Andis Dombrovskis, Ole Frobert, Lars Åberge, Pål Gunnes, Juhani Airaksinen, Anders Hervold, Sanda Jegere, Thor Trovik, Lisette Okkels Jensen, Michael Maeng, Timo Makikallio, Mikko Pietila, Iwar Sjögren, Per Thayssen, Saila Vikman, Jens F. Lassen, Leif Thuesen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
PARP Inhibitors in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Chung Ying Chan, Kel Vin Tan, Bart Cornelissen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Targeting of PARP enzymes has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy to selectively target cancer cells with deficiencies in homologous recombination signaling. Currently used to treat BRCA-mutated cancers, PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have demonstrated improved outcome in various cancer types as single agents. Ongoing efforts have seen the exploitation of PARPi combination therapies, boosting patient responses as a result of drug synergisms. Despite great successes using PARPi therapy, selecting those patients who will benefit from single agent or combination therapy remains one of the major challenges. Numerous reports have demonstrated that the presence of a BRCA mutation does not always result in synthetic lethality with PARPi therapy in treatment-naïve tumors. Cancer cells can also develop resistance to PARPi therapy. Hence, combination therapy may significantly affect the treatment outcomes. In this review, we discuss the development and utilization of PARPi in different cancer types from preclinical models to clinical trials, provide a current overview of the potential uses of PARP imaging agents in cancer therapy, and discuss the use of radiolabeled PARPi as radionuclide therapies.
Cefazolin vs Penicillin
Authors: Stephen G. Jenkinson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Cefazolin sodium, 500 mg intramuscularly twice daily, was compared with penicillin G procaine, 600,000 units intramuscularly twice daily, in the treatment of 82 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned except when there was a history of penicillin allergy. The patients received treatment for five days or until they were afebrile for 48 hours. No patients experienced side effects or allergic reactions. All patients recovered satisfactorily without relapses. Cefazolin in the previously described dosage is as effective as penicillin in the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2815-2817, 1979)
Fellowships, Grants, Awards
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Fellowships, Grants, Awards JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 17, 2 September 1992, Pages 1378–1379, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.17.1378 Published: 02 September 1992
Predictive Biomarkers of Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with IFNα ± Bevacizumab: Results from CALGB 90206 (Alliance)
Authors: Andrew B. Nixon, Susan Halabi, Yingmiao Liu, Mark D. Starr, John C. Brady, Ivo Shterev, Bin Luo, Herbert I. Hurwitz, Phillip G. Febbo, Brian I. Rini, Himisha Beltran, Eric J. Small, Michael J. Morris, Daniel J. George
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

CALGB 90206 was a phase III trial of 732 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) comparing bevacizumab plus IFNα (BEV + IFN) with IFNα alone (IFN). No difference in overall survival (OS) was observed. Baseline samples were analyzed to identify predictive biomarkers for survival benefit.
GW29-e0339 Low-intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation on Atrial Ganglion Plexus Protects the Heart from Acute Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion in a Canine Model
Authors: Mingxian Chen, Lilei Yu, Xin Lai, Jianjun Tang, Qiming Liu, Shenghua Zhou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
MISCELLANEA MEDICA
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Optimal Sequencing of Deceased Donor and Live Donor Kidney Transplant Among Pediatric Patients With Kidney Failure
Authors: Bryce A. Kiberd, Amanda Vinson, Philip D. Acott, Karthik K. Tennankore
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

In the US, live donor (LD) kidney transplant rates have decreased in pediatric recipients. Pediatric patients with kidney failure will likely need more than 1 kidney transplant during their lifetime, but the optimal sequence of transplant (ie, deceased donor [DD] followed by LD or vice versa) is not known.To determine whether pediatric recipients should first receive a DD allograft followed by an LD allograft (DD-LD sequence) or an LD allograft followed by a DD allograft (LD-DD sequence).This decision analytical model examined US pediatric patients with kidney failure included in the US Renal Data System 2019 Report who were waiting for a kidney transplant, received a transplant, or experienced graft failure.Kidney transplant sequences of LD-DD vs DD-LD.Difference in projected life-years between the 2 sequence options.Among patients included in the analysis, the LD-DD sequence provided more net life-years in those 5 years of age (1.82 [95% CI, 0.87-2.77]) and 20 years of age (2.23 [95% CI, 1.31-3.15]) compared with the DD-LD sequence. The net outcomes in patients 10 years of age (0.36 [95% CI, -0.51 to 1.23] additional life-years) and 15 years of age (0.64 [95% CI, -0.15 to 1.39] additional life-years) were not significantly different. However, for those aged 10 years, an LD-DD sequence was favored if eligibility for a second transplant was low (2.09 [95% CI, 1.20-2.98] additional life-years) or if the LD was no longer available (2.32 [95% CI, 1.52-3.12] additional life-years). For those aged 15 years, the LD-DD sequence was favored if the eligibility for a second transplant was low (1.84 [95% CI, 0.96-2.72] additional life-years) or if the LD was no longer available (2.49 [95% CI, 1.77-3.27] additional life-years). Access to multiple DD transplants did not compensate for missing the LD opportunity.These findings suggest that the decreased use of LD kidney transplants in pediatric recipients during the past 2 decades should be scrutinized. Given the uncertainty of future recipient eligibility for retransplant and future availability of an LD transplant, the LD-DD sequence is likely the better option. This strategy of an LD transplant first would not only benefit pediatric recipients but allow DD kidneys to be used by others who do not have an LD option.
Valuing all lives equally: cancer surgery, COVID-19, and the NHS in crisis
Authors: None The Lancet Oncology
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2021)

As COVID-19 infections continue to increase at an unprecedented rate, and the UK enters the toughest phase of the pandemic so far, the National Health Service (NHS) finds itself under the most pressure seen in its 72-year history. With the majority of intensive care beds occupied by patients with COVID-19, Kings College Hospital in London was one of the first to take the drastic action to cancel urgent cancer surgeries. However, it is not alone, as other NHS hospitals in London, Manchester, Birmingham, Cambridge, Essex, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, to name just a few, have also started to cancel urgent cancer surgeries.
Abstract 476: Cardiac Adaptation to the Oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate is Driven by Alpha-Ketoglutarate and Acetyl-CoA
Authors: Anja Karlstaedt, Radhika Khanna, Hernan Vasquez, Heinrich Taegtmeyer
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark in both cancer and heart failure. Mutations of the isocitrate deyhydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 cause metabolic dysfunction in cancer cells through overproduction of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG) and are associated with cardiomyopathy. We recently discovered that alpha-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase inhibition by D2-HG redirects Krebs cycle flux. This implies a central role for IDH and ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in regulating reductive formation of citrate and histone acetylation in response to mitochondrial impairment in heart and skeletal muscle. Elucidating how metabolic rewiring promotes changes in gene expression and remodeling in heart muscle holds the promise for development of metabolic strategies to support the failing heart. We tested whether modulation of ACL activity reverses D2-HG-mediated metabolic changes using adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes and L6 myocytes. The ACL inhibitor BMS303141 (BMS) decreased ATP provision in cultured myocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. There was an inverse relation between alpha-KG and ACL activities. Conversely, co-culture with both BMS (0.5 μM) and D2-HG (1 mM) increased ATP provision suggesting that ACL inhibition in presence of D2-HG may be beneficial for energy provision. Next, we conducted isolated working rat heart perfusions with BMS (0.5 μM) and/or D2-HG (1 mM). Cardiac power rapidly declined (by 25%) in the presence of BMS or D2-HG. Simultaneous perfusion with D2-HG and BMS improved cardiac power, suggesting that ACL inhibition protects the heart from metabolic dysfunction by D2-HG. Further, D2-HG elevation mediated structural remodeling in the heart by activating authophagy through increased acetylation of p300, increased phosphorylation of AMPK, and a corresponding decrease in activation and phosphorylation of mTOR. Parallel tracer studies using labeled glucose and glutamine allowed us to conduct computational flux rate analysis by applying the metabolic network CardioNet. We identified major metabolic pathways that are up- and downregulated by D2-HG. Our findings suggest an “oncometabolic axis” in the heart and underscore the potential application of ACL inhibitors to protect the heart from failing.
The teaching of preventive medicine
Authors: E. H. Hinman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Many years ago Perkins<sup>1</sup>defined health as "a state of relative equilibrium of body form and function which results from its successful dynamic adjustment to forces tending to disturb it." The term preventive medicine connotes the science and art of promotion of physical and mental health, the prevention of disease, the prevention of progression of disability, and prolongation of efficient and healthful living. When preventive medicine is practiced for groups and communities, it is usually referred to as public health. The graduate instruction of public health as presented in a school of public health, as well as graduate teaching of occupational and aerospace medicine, will be omitted from this discussion. The AMA "Essentials of Approved Residencies" states<sup>2</sup>: Preventive medicine embraces a broad spectrum of professional activity in the present-day highly organized and complex structure of medical practice which has been differentiated into closely related yet discretely identified specialty