tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation between echocardiographically determined left atrial size and atrial fibrillation.
Authors: W LHenry, JMorganroth, A SPearlman, C EClark, D RRedwood, S BItscoitz, S EEpstein
Journal: Circulation (1976)

In an attempt to define quantitatively the relation between left atrial size and atrial fibrillation, echocardiography was used to study 85 patients with isolated mitral valve disease, 50 patients with isolated aortic valve disease, and 130 patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy. In all three groups of patients, atrial fibrillation was rare when left atrial dimension was below 44 mm (3 of 117 or 3%) but common when this dimension exceeded 40 mm (80 of 148 or 54%). In addition, when left atrial dimension exceeds 45 mm, cardioversion, while initially successful, is unlikely to produce sinus rhythm that can be maintained at least six months. These data suggest that left atrial size is an important factor in the development of atrial fibrillation and in determining the long term result of cardioversion. The pathophysiologic mechansim most consistent with this is that a chronic hemodynamic burden initially produces left atrial enlargement which in turn predisposes to atrial fibrillation. Only prospective ...
Effect of nitroprusside on hydraulic vascular loads on the right and left ventricle of patients with heart failure.
Authors: F CYin, P AGuzman, K PBrin, W LMaughan, J ABrinker, T ATraill, J LWeiss, M LWeisfeldt
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We studied the effect of nitroprusside on the hydraulic vascular load of the right and left ventricle in seven patients with severe left ventricular failure. At doses of 0.25-0.75 micrograms/kg/min, stroke volume increased progressively from 40.1 to 48.6 ml and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased from 24.5 to 11.2 mm Hg. Accompanying this improvement in left ventricular performance were dose-related decreases in mean ventricular pressures, pulmonic and systemic resistances and the lower-frequency components of input impedance moduli. Characteristic impedance and both total and oscillatory external power were decreased in the pulmonic, but not the aortic, vasculature. In this class of patients, right ventricular unloading is a striking and direct effect of nitroprusside and may account, in part, for improved left ventricular performance through ventricular interdependence.
Do We Really Need FNB Core Needle To Obtain Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Biopsy Of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma? A Retrospective Study From A Single Center Experience
Authors: D Orlando, D Assisi, D Forcella, P Visca, F Marandino, F Pierconti, R Lapenta, V Stigliano
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) has been suggested for obtaining tissue samples from pancreatic tumors. Many series have failed to demonstrate that EUS-FNB is more effective than EUS -FNA in diagnositc accuracy . Aim of this study was to evaluate the use of EUS-FNA needle to collect material for both cytologic and histologic examination.
The influence of residual coronary stenosis on size of infarction after reperfusion in a canine preparation.
Authors: S BSchmidt, P JVarghese, SBloom, J MYackee, A MRoss
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The effect of a residual coronary artery stenosis on size of myocardial infarction was studied in an open-chest canine preparation of coronary occlusion and reperfusion. Eighteen male mongrel dogs (16 to 26 kg) underwent left thoracotomy under general anesthesia; the circumflex artery was instrumented with a hydraulic cuff occluder, a screw clamp, and an electromagnetic flow probe. Animals were randomized to one of three groups: group I (n = 6) had a 6 hr circumflex occlusion, group II (n = 6) had a 2 hr occlusion followed by 4 hr of partial reperfusion through a residual stenosis adjusted to approximately 30% of baseline flow, and group III (n = 6) had full reperfusion for 4 hr after a 2 hr occlusion. Zones of risk, infarction, and no reflow were defined by staining with Evans blue, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, and fluorescein, respectively. At 6 hr the hearts were excised and areas of risk, infarction, no reflow, and hemorrhage were determined by planimetry of serial transverse heart slices (5 mm thi...
Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic assessment of severity of calcific aortic stenosis: a simultaneous Doppler-catheter correlative study in 100 adult patients.
Authors: P JCurrie, J BSeward, G SReeder, R EVlietstra, D RBresnahan, J FBresnahan, H CSmith, D JHagler, A JTajik
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Studies of the correlation of aortic valve gradient determined by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography and that determined at catheterization have, to date, involved young patients and nonsimultaneous measurements. We therefore obtained simultaneous Doppler echocardiographic and catheter measurements of pressure gradient in 100 consecutive adults (mean age 69, range 50 to 89 years). In 63 patients pressure measurements were obtained with dual-catheter techniques and in 37 they were obtained by withdrawal of the catheter from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta. Forty-six of these patients also underwent an outpatient Doppler study 7 days or less before catheterization. The simultaneous pressure waveforms and Doppler spectral velocity profiles were digitized at 10 msec intervals and maximum, mean, and instantaneous gradients (mm Hg) were derived for each. The correlation between the Doppler-determined gradient and the simultaneously measured maximum catheter gradient was r = .92 (SEE = 15 mm Hg),...
Modulation by prostaglandins of adrenergic transmission in the isolated perfused rabbit and rat kidney.
Authors: K UMalik, J CMcGiff
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

In the isolated perfused rabbit kidney prostaglandins (PGS) E1 (0.02-0-1 ng/ml), E2 (0.02-0.1 ng/ml), and A2 (1-5 ng/ml) inhibited the vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation by 21-44%, 31-39%, and 20-23%, respectively, without alerting those to injected norepinephrine. In contrast, in the rat kidney PGE1 (0.5 ng/ml), PGE2 (0.5 ng/ml), and PGA2 (5 ng/ml) enhanced the vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation by 41%, 27%, and 11%, respectively; the equiconstrictor responses to injected norepinephrine remained unaltered. Higher concentrations of these agents produced vasodilation in the rabbit kidney and vasoconstriction in the rat kidney. In both species PGF2alpha produced vasoconstriction and enhanced the response to both adrenergic stumuli. In the rabbit kidney inhibitors of PG synthesis augmented the responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation without altering those to injected norepinephrine, whereas in the rat kidney inhibition of the responses to both adrenergic sti...
Significance of inwardly directed transmembrane current in determination of local myocardial electrical activation during ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: F XWitkowski, RPlonsey, P APenkoske, K MKavanagh
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the principle cardiac rhythm disorder responsible for sudden cardiac death in humans. The accurate determination of local cardiac activation during VF is essential for its mechanistic elucidation. This has been hampered by the rapidly changing and markedly heterogeneous electrophysiological nature of VF. These difficulties are manifested when attempting to differentiate true propagating electrical activity from electrotonic signals and when identifying local activation from complex and possibly fractionated electrograms. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that the presence of a balanced inwardly and outwardly directed transmembrane charge, obtained from the ratio of the inward to outward area under the cardiac transmembrane current curve (-/+ Im area), could reliably differentiate propagating from electrotonic deflections during VF. To test this hypothesis, we applied a recently described technique for the in vivo estimation of the transmembrane c...
Abstract 524: Regulation of Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) expression in macrophages by cAMP via PKA/PI3K/CREB
Authors: Hui Liao, Matthew C Hyman, David J Pinsky
Journal: Circulation (2007)

CD39, a transmembrane enzyme, inhibits platelet reactivity and inflammation by catalyzing the phosphohydrolysis of ATP and ADP. Cyclic AMP (cAMP), an essential second messenger, regulates a number ...
Physiological aspects of the menopausal hot flush.
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Six patients completed the study.In the remaining five the trial had to be abandoned because of acute flare-up of eczema on both sides (4) or severe itching on both sides (1).In none of the remaining six was there any significant difference in the itching or severity of eczema between the two sides.Only one of these patients showed an overall clinical improvement during the period of the trial.
The PELICAN (Prematurity's Effect on the Lungs In Children and Adults Network) ERS Clinical Research Collaboration: understanding the impact of preterm birth on lung health throughout life
Authors: Shannon J. Simpson, Jenny Hallberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>Infants surviving preterm birth have persistent and potentially progressive respiratory health issues throughout life. PELICAN has been launched as an ERS Clinical Research Collaboration to understand the pulmonary consequences of surviving preterm birth.</b>https://bit.ly/3q3DiHn
The effect of moderate physical exercise on the plasma lipoprotein subfractions of male survivors of myocardial infarction.
Authors: F CBallantyne, R SClark, H SSimpson, DBallantyne
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The effect of regular, moderate exercise on the lipoprotein subfractions of male survivors of myocardial infarction was studied. Nineteen men were randomly allocated to an incremental exercise program and 23 to a control group. Both groups were studied for 6 months. No change occurred in any lipoprotein class in the control group. In the trained group, total triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly (0.01 greater than p greater than 0.001 and 0.05 greater than p greater than 0.01, respectively) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 rose (both p less than 0.001). The concentration of the HDL2 subfraction increased with training (0.01 greater than p greater than 0.001) and HDL2 did not change. No relationship was found between changes in lipoproteins and treadmill exercise test performance. Thus, in survivors of myocardial infarction, exercise may alter plasma lipoprotein values beneficially.
Mechanisms of pHi recovery after global ischemia in the perfused heart.
Authors: J IVandenberg, J CMetcalfe, A AGrace
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

A Na(+)-HCO3- coinflux carrier and the Na(+)-H+ antiport have both been shown to contribute to recovery from intracellular acidosis in cardiac tissue. We have investigated the participation of these mechanisms as well as metabolite (lactate and CO2) washout in the recovery of pHi after myocardial ischemia. Isovolumic ferret hearts were Langendorff-perfused with either HCO3(-)-buffered or nominally HCO3(-)-free (HEPES-buffered) medium at 30 degrees C. pHi was estimated from the chemical shift of the 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance signal of intracellular PO4-, and net H+ efflux rates were calculated at pHi 6.80. The H+ efflux rate during reperfusion, after 10 minutes of global ischemia, was 15.5 +/- 1.9 mmol.l-1 x min-1 (n = 10) in hearts perfused with HCO3(-)-buffered medium and 8.2 +/- 1.5 mmol.l-1 x min-1 (n = 9, p < 0.01) in hearts perfused with HEPES-buffered medium. HCO3- influx, assessed either by inhibition by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (20 microM) or by initially perfusing hea...
Burden of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection in the United States
Authors: Martijn Bouwknegt, Sofie van Dorp, Ed Kuijper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

for the CHIPS Study Group Since publication of their article, the authors report no further potential conflict of interest. 1. Lewis G, ed. Saving mothers’ lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer — 2003-2005: the seventh report on confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom. London: The Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH), December 2007 (http://www.hqip.org.uk/ assets/NCAPOP-Library/CMACE-Reports/18.-December-2007 -Saving-Mothers-Lives-reviewing-maternal-deaths-to-make -motherhood-safer-2003-2005-Executive-Summary.pdf).
Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. Validation of a prognostic equation.
Authors: JSandoval, OBauerle, APalomar, AGómez, M LMartínez-Guerra, MBeltrán, M LGuerrero
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDThe prognosis of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) remains a major problem for the planning and assessment of therapeutic interventions. The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize mortality in a Mexican population of patients with PPH and to investigate factors associated with survival and (2) to test the applicability in this population of the prognostic equation proposed by the US National Institutes of Health study on PPH.METHODS AND RESULTSA dynamic cohort of patients with PPH at our institution were enrolled between June 1977 and August 1991 and prospectively followed at regular intervals through September 1992. Measurements at diagnosis included hemodynamic and pulmonary function variables in addition to information on demographic data and medical history. The response to vasodilator treatment was also analyzed. The estimated median survival of the group was 4.04 years (95% confidence interval, 2.98 to 5.08 years). Variables associated with poor survival (univar...
Mitral valve dimensions and motion in Marfan patients with and without mitral valve prolapse. Comparison to primary mitral valve prolapse and normal subjects.
Authors: RPini, M JRoman, RKramer-Fox, R BDevereux
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To determine mitral valve and extravalvular findings associated with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in patients with the Marfan syndrome, we compared mitral leaflet and anular dimensions and motion by computerized two-dimensional echocardiography in 53 Marfan patients (28 with M-mode echocardiographic MVP) to those in 48 adults with primary MVP and in 35 normal subjects. Mitral leaflet billowing occurred in 28 of 28 Marfan patients with M-mode MVP versus 24 of 48 with primary MVP (p less than 0.00005), 0 of 25 Marfan patients without M-mode MVP, and 0 of 35 normal subjects (both, p less than 0.0001). Billowing occurred on the first systolic frame in 8 of 28 Marfan-MVP patients, in whom posterior leaflet chordae arose abnormally from the posterior ventricular wall, and in no other subjects. These patients had large mitral valves and normal anular dynamics, whereas the remaining 20 Marfan-MVP patients had increased systolic anular expansion. Marfan-MVP patients were younger than those without MVP (29 +/- 12 vs...
Morphologic development of the pulmonary vascular bed in experimental coarctation of the aorta.
Authors: D LLevin, L JMills, MParkey
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Although electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy is considered common in newborn infants with coarctation of the aorta, the reason for this finding is not well established. Investigations of the pulmonary vascular bed of these infants have resulted in variable findings, probably due to the differences in morphometric techniques, coexisting cardiac defects, and variable postnatal age at time of death. To study more carefully the pulmonary vascular bed, we produced coarctation of the aorta in fetal lambs at 103--126 days gestation. Twelve to 32 days later the fetuses were reoperated on and systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressures, and arterial blood gas tensions were determined to be normal. At autopsy, juxtaductal coarctations extended a mean of 2.8 mm into the aortic lumen and occupied 9.5 mm of the aortic circumference. The fifth-generation pulmonary resistance vessels had increased medial width (p less than 0.01), decreased external diameter (p less than 0.001), and increas...
Distinct receptors and signaling pathways in alpha-thrombin- and thrombin receptor peptide-induced vascular contractions.
Authors: BTesfamariam
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The vasoactive mechanisms of the serine protease alpha-thrombin were examined in isolated coronary arteries from dogs. In resting coronary arteries with endothelium, alpha-thrombin caused concentration-dependent contractions that were characterized by an initial transient relaxation followed by slowly developing sustained contractions. The vascular actions of alpha-thrombin were mimicked by the thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) SFLLRNP, a synthetic peptide based on the cleaved terminus of the thrombin receptor domain. Treatment of the arteries with N omega-nitro-L-arginine or removal of endothelium abolished the transient relaxations and enhanced the contractions, indicating that the transient relaxations were mediated by the concurrent release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. alpha-Thrombin that had been catalytically inactivated with the irreversible inhibitor by use of D-Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethyl ketone did not cause contractions, indicating the requirement of proteolytic cleavage by alpha...
Effects of changes in extracellular ionic concentrations on aortic baroreceptors with nonmyelinated afferent fibers.
Authors: PThoren, M CAndresen, A MBrown
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

The effects of ionic change upon one of the two classes of aortic baroreceptors, those having unmyelinated axons or C-fibers, have not been examined heretofore. Differences from results in aortic baroreceptors with myelinated axons might be expected because of differences in accessible surface area-volume relationships. Recordings were obtained using an in vitro aortic arch-aortic nerve preparation from 21 aortic C-fibers in 15 normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKR) 13-17 weeks old. During a slow pressure ramp, the endings responded with an irregular discharge. However, if the discharge was averaged over 10-20 seconds, the average discharge correlated well with the pressure level in the arch. The maximal discharge increased with faster ramp rates but the threshold was not shifted over the range of ramp rates employed. The relationship between pressure and discharge was tested during alterations in the extracellular concentrations of Na, K, and Ca ([Na]0, [K]0, and [Ca]0). A 12% decrease in [Na]0 clearly dec...
Localization of insulin-like growth factor I and inhibition of coronary smooth muscle cell growth by somatostatin analogues in human coronary smooth muscle cells. A potential treatment for restenosis?
Authors: M BGrant, T JWargovich, E AEllis, SCaballero, MMansour, C JPepine
Journal: Circulation (1994)

In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, the localization of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in de novo and restenotic human coronary atherectomy plaques by using immunocytochemical techniques. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibiting the synthetic phenotype contained a statistically significant higher concentration of IGF-I than SMCs of the contractile phenotype or SMCs from normal coronary arteries. In addition, we provide data to suggest that the long-acting somatostatin analogues octreotide and angiopeptin inhibit IGF-I- and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF)- induced human coronary artery SMC proliferation. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated cultures were minimally affected by the addition of octreotide but were significantly inhibited by angiopeptin. All three growth factors stimulated SMC migration in a dose-dependent manner. The somatostatin analogues tested had no effect on growth factor-stimulated SMC migration. Our data suggest that by reducing SMC proliferation, s...
Quantitative analysis of intercellular connections by immunohistochemistry of the cardiac gap junction protein connexin43.
Authors: R ALuke, E CBeyer, R HHoyt, J ESaffitz
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Polyclonal antisera directed against epitopes in the cytoplasmic domain of rat connexin43, the predominant cardiac gap junction protein, were used to delineate immunohistochemically the distribution of gap junctions in sections of canine left ventricle. Antigen-antibody binding and tissue structure were preserved after paraformaldehyde fixation and paraffin embedment of canine myocardium. Specific binding of antibody to the cytoplasmic surfaces of ultrastructurally identified gap junctions was confirmed with electron microscopy. Light microscopic morphometric analysis of immunostained sections in five separate experiments revealed a mean gap junction surface density of 0.0052 micron2/micron3 myocyte volume, which is consistent with previously reported values determined by use of quantitative electron microscopy. This new method permits quantitative determinations of gap junction surface density and distribution in relatively large heterogeneous areas of myocardium in which ultrastructural morphometry woul...
Mechanism of action and systemic and regional hemodynamics of the potassium channel activator BRL34915 and its enantiomers.
Authors: R PHof, UQuast, N SCook, SBlarer
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

BRL34915 (BRL) is a vasodilator with a novel structure. Its mechanism of action, its effects on depolarization-induced and receptor-mediated blood vessel contraction, and its hemodynamic effects were investigated. In the rat portal vein, BRL inhibited spontaneous mechanical activity [IC50 0.013 +/- 0.001 microM (mean +/- SEM) for (-)-BRL], the initial effect being a reduced frequency of contraction. At higher concentrations, the spontaneous contractions were abolished and 86Rb+ efflux was increased. These results suggest that BRL preferentially acts on the pacemaker cells, the K+ channels in other cells being activated only at higher BRL concentrations in this vessel. In experiments on the rabbit aorta, (-)-BRL shifted the KCl concentration-response curve to the right and noncompetitively inhibited responses to angiotensin II. A concentration of 3 microM (-)-BRL reduced maximal angiotensin II contractions by around 50%, higher concentrations having little further effect. This inhibition of angiotensin II ...
Anti-Reflux Mucosal Ablation (Arma) for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: a Feasibility Case Series
Authors: N Marcos Carrasco, E Rodriguez de Santiago, C Teruel Sanchez-Vegazo, B Peñas Garcia, S Parejo Carbonell, MJ De Higes Ruiz, E Vazquez Sequeiros, A Albillos
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Antireflux ablation of the cardiac mucosa (ARMA) is a new endoscopic technique for the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Our aims were to analyze the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of this technique in patients with PPI-dependent GERD.
Chronotropic and dromotropic responses to stimulation of intracardiac sympathetic nerves to sinoatrial or atrioventricular nodal region in anesthetized dogs.
Authors: YFurukawa, D WWallick, P JMartin, M NLevy
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We gave atropine intravenously to autonomically decentralized, open-chest, anesthetized dogs and stimulated the discrete intracardiac sympathetic nerve fibers to the sinoatrial (SA) (SAS stimulation) or atrioventricular (AV (AVS stimulation) nodal region. A brief burst of neural stimuli was delivered during each cardiac cycle. SAS stimulation consistently decreased the atrial cycle length but had variable effects on the AV interval. The positive chronotropic response to SAS stimulation increased when the level of stimulation (i.e., stimulus pulse duration, pulse amplitude, and number of pulses per burst) was increased. When the heart rate was held constant by atrial pacing, SAS stimulation did not change the AV interval. AVS stimulation decreased the AV conduction time but did not change the atrial cycle length. The AV conduction response increased when the level of AVS stimulation was increased. A high level of AVS stimulation induced an AV junctional rhythm in seven of eight experiments. When the atrial...