tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enteric virome negatively affects seroconversion following oral rotavirus vaccination in a longitudinally sampled cohort of Ghanaian infants
Authors: Andrew HyoungJin Kim, George Armah, Francis Dennis, Leran Wang, Rachel Rodgers, Lindsay Droit, Megan T. Baldridge, Scott A. Handley, Vanessa C. Harris
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2021)

Rotavirus vaccines (RVVs) have substantially diminished mortality from severe rotavirus (RV) gastroenteritis but are significantly less effective in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), limiting their life-saving potential. The etiology of RVV's diminished effectiveness remains incompletely understood, but the enteric microbiota has been implicated in modulating immunity to RVVs. Here, we analyze the enteric microbiota in a longitudinal cohort of 122 Ghanaian infants, evaluated over the course of 3 Rotarix vaccinations between 6 and 15 weeks of age, to assess whether bacterial and viral populations are distinct between non-seroconverted and seroconverted infants. We identify bacterial taxa including Streptococcus and a poorly classified taxon in Enterobacteriaceae as positively correlating with seroconversion. In contrast, both bacteriophage diversity and detection of Enterovirus B and multiple novel cosaviruses are negatively associated with RVV seroconversion. These findings suggest that virome-RVV interference is an underappreciated cause of poor vaccine performance in LMICs.
This Month's Highlights
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

### Immune Responses of Kidney Transplant Recipients to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Vaccines In this issue of JASN, two new studies examine the immune response of kidney transplant recipients to SARS-CoV-2 and to COVID-19 vaccines. The greater vulnerability of transplant patients to COVID-19 infection
Abstract 10475: Heat Loss Augmented by Extracorporeal Circulation is Associated with Overcooling in Cardiac Arrest Survivors Who Underwent Targeted Temperature Management
Authors: Byungkook Lee, Dong Hun Lee
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Extracorporeal circuit-based salvage therapy can affect targeted temperature management (TTM) in comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. We investigated the association of patients with extracorporeal device with TTM and neurological outcome. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using prospectively collected data from adult comatose OHCA survivors who underwent TTM between October 2015 and December 2020. We defined patients with ECMO and/or CRRT as the extracorporeal group. We calculated the cooling rate during the induction period; the minimum, maximum, and mean time-weighted core temperatures (TWCT), and the standard deviation (SD) of the core temperature and water temperature during the maintenance period based on the temperature measured every minute. We defined the sum of TWCT more and less than 33°C as positive and negative TWCT, respectively. The primary outcome was a poor neurological outcome, defined as cerebral performance category 3-5. We used propensity score (PS) matching to adjust the characteristics of patients who required an extracorporeal circuit device. Results: Of the 223 included patients, 140 (62.8%) patients had poor neurological outcome and 40 (17.9%) patients were categorized into the extracorporeal group. The extracorporeal group had a rapid cooling rate (2.08°C/h [1.13-3.73] vs. 1.24°C/h [0.77-1.79]; p &lt; 0.001). The extracorporeal group had lower mean core temperature; higher core temperature SD; lower positive TWCT; higher negative TWCT; and higher maximum, minimum, and mean water temperature than the no-extracorporeal group. In PS matched cohort, the extracorporeal group had a lower minimum core temperature, lower mean core temperature, higher core temperature SD, higher negative TWCT, higher maximum water temperature, and higher mean water temperature. The neurological outcomes were not different between the two groups, in either the whole or PS-matched cohort. Conclusions: The extracorporeal group achieved the target temperature earlier. The core temperature distribution during the maintenance period was further skewed below 33°C in the extracorporeal group. The extracorporeal group had similar neurological outcomes to the no-extracorporeal group.
Exposure to Head Impacts and Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes in Youth Tackle Football Players Across 4 Seasons
Authors: Sean C. Rose, Keith Owen Yeates, Joseph T. Nguyen, Natalie M. Pizzimenti, Patrick M. Ercole, Matthew T. McCarthy
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Repetitive head impacts have been posited to contribute to neurocognitive and behavioral difficulties in contact sport athletes. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify associations between cognitive and behavioral outcomes and head impacts measured in youth tackle football players over 4 seasons of play. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This prospective cohort study was conducted from July 2016 through January 2020, spanning 4 football seasons. The setting was a youth tackle football program and outpatient medical clinic. Players were recruited from 4 football teams composed of fifth and sixth graders, and all interested players who volunteered to participate were enrolled. Data analysis was performed from March 2020 to June 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Impacts were measured using helmet-based sensors during practices and games throughout 4 consecutive seasons of play. Impacts were summed to yield cumulative head impact gravitational force equivalents per season. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Ten cognitive and behavioral measures were completed before and after each football season. <h3>Results</h3> There were 70 male participants aged 9 to 12 years (mean [SD] age, 10.6 [0.64] years), with 18 completing all 4 years of the study. At the post–season 1 time point, higher cumulative impacts were associated with lower self-reported symptom burden (β = −0.6; 95% CI, −1.0 to −0.2;<i>P</i> = .004). After correcting for multiple comparisons, no other associations were found between impacts and outcome measures. At multiple times throughout the study, premorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression were associated with worse cognitive or behavioral scores, whereas a premorbid headache disorder or history of concussion was less often associated with outcomes. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cohort of youth tackle football players, premorbid conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression, were associated with cognitive and behavioral outcomes more often than cumulative impact.
One Year of COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Amanda C. Cohn, Barbara E. Mahon, Rochelle P. Walensky
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Peter G. Szilagyi, MD, MPH; Kyla Thomas, PhD; Megha D. Shah, MD, MPH, MS; Nathalie Vizueta, PhD; Yan Cui, MD, PhD; Sitaram Vangala, MS; Arie Kapteyn, PhD
Extending brain-computer interface access with a multilingual language model in the P300 speller
Authors: P Loizidou, E Rios, A Marttini, O Keluo-Udeke, J Soetedjo, J Belay, K Perifanos, N Pouratian, W Speier
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2021)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) such as the P300 speller have the potential to restore communication to advanced-stage neuromuscular disease patients. Research has improved typing speed and accuracy through innovations including the use of language models. While significant advances have been made, implementations have largely been restricted to a single language, primarily English. It is unclear whether these improvements would extend to other languages that present potential technical hurdles due to different alphabets and grammatical structures. Here, we adapt a language model-based classifier designed for English to two other languages, Spanish and Greek, to demonstrate the generalizability of these methods. Online experimental trials with 30 healthy native English, Spanish, and Greek speakers showed no significant difference between performances using the different versions of the system (66.20 vs. 61.97 vs. 60.89 bits/minute). Extending these methods across languages allows for expanding access to BCI systems to other populations, particularly in the developing world.
Slower vs Faster Intravenous Fluid Bolus Rates and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Xavier Chapalain, Olivier Huet
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Engineering immunoproteasome-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells: A potent cellular vaccine for lymphoma and melanoma in mice
Authors: Jamilah Abusarah, Fatemeh Khodayarian, Nehme El-Hachem, Natasha Salame, Martin Olivier, Mohammad Balood, Katiane Roversi, Sebastien Talbot, Jean-Pierre Bikorimana, Jingkui Chen, Mario Jolicoeur, Louis-Eric Trudeau, Samaneh Kamyabiazar, Borhane Annabi, Francis Robert, Jerry Pelletier, Abed-El-Hakim El-Kadiry, Riam Shammaa, Moutih Rafei
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)

Dendritic cells (DCs) excel at cross-presenting antigens, but their effectiveness as cancer vaccine is limited. Here, we describe a vaccination approach using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) engineered to express the immunoproteasome complex (MSC-IPr). Such modification instills efficient antigen cross-presentation abilities associated with enhanced major histocompatibility complex class I and CD80 expression, de novo production of interleukin-12, and higher chemokine secretion. This cross-presentation capacity of MSC-IPr is highly dependent on their metabolic activity. Compared with DCs, MSC-IPr hold the ability to cross-present a vastly different epitope repertoire, which translates into potent re-activation of T cell immunity against EL4 and A20 lymphomas and B16 melanoma tumors. Moreover, therapeutic vaccination of mice with pre-established tumors efficiently controls cancer growth, an effect further enhanced when combined with antibodies targeting PD-1, CTLA4, LAG3, or 4-1BB under both autologous and allogeneic settings. Therefore, MSC-IPr constitute a promising subset of non-hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells suitable for designing universal cell-based cancer vaccines.
ESGE news and upcoming events January 2022
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Let me take this opportunity to give you a review of 2021, as well as an outlook for 2022. First of all, I would like to thank my friend Mário Dinis-Ribeiro, who did a fantastic job as president from 2019 until April 2021. During his presidency the corona pandemic changed the world and influenced our daily life irrevocably. I would also like to say thank you to the Governing Board and the secretariat, led by Hilary Hamilton-Gibbs. With an outstanding team spirit and professional work ethic ESGE has been able to manage well through these challenging times.
CGM Metrics Predict Imminent Progression to Type 1 Diabetes: Autoimmunity Screening for Kids (ASK) Study
Authors: Andrea K. Steck, Fran Dong, Cristy Geno Rasmussen, Kimberly Bautista, Flor Sepulveda, Judith Baxter, Liping Yu, Brigitte I. Frohnert, Marian J. Rewers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE Children identified with stage 1 type 1 diabetes are at high risk for progressing to stage 3 (clinical) diabetes and require accurate monitoring. Our aim was to establish continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics that could predict imminent progression to diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Autoimmunity Screening for Kids study, 91 children who were persistently islet autoantibody positive (median age 11.5 years; 48% non-Hispanic White; 57% female) with a baseline CGM were followed for development of diabetes for a median of 6 (range 0.2–34) months. Of these, 16 (18%) progressed to clinical diabetes in a median of 4.5 (range 0.4–29) months. RESULTS Compared with children who did not progress to clinical diabetes (nonprogressors), those who did (progressors) had significantly higher average sensor glucose levels (119 vs. 105 mg/dL, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and increased glycemic variability (SD 27 vs. 16, coefficient of variation, 21 vs. 15, mean of daily differences 24 vs. 16, and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions 43 vs. 26, all P &amp;lt; 0.001). For progressors, 21% of the time was spent with glucose levels &amp;gt;140 mg/dL (TA140) and 8% of time &amp;gt;160 mg/dL, compared with 3% and 1%, respectively, for nonprogressors. In survival analyses, the risk of progression to diabetes in 1 year was 80% in those with TA140 &amp;gt;10%; in contrast, it was only 5% in the other participants. Performance of prediction by receiver operating curve analyses showed area under the curve of ≥0.89 for both individual and combined CGM metric models. CONCLUSIONS TA140 &amp;gt;10% is associated with a high risk of progression to clinical diabetes within the next year in autoantibody-positive children. CGM should be included in the ongoing monitoring of high-risk children and could be used as potential entry criterion for prevention trials.
Abstract 11974: Impact of Routine ECPR Service on Availability of Donor Organs
Authors: Jana Smalcova, Katerina Rusinova, Iván Ortega-Deballon, Eva Pokorna, Ondrej Franek, Jiri Knor, Petra Kavalkova, Martin Balik, Daniel Rob, Jan Pudil, Michal Huptych, Ondrej Smid, Jan Belohlavek
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: In refractory cardiac arrest, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) may increase the chance of survival. However, in brain death or donation after cardiac death scenario, ECPR may also become an important organ donor source. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that 1/ the implementation of ECPR into the daily routine of a high volume cardiac arrest centre might increase the availability of organ donors, and 2/ ECPR might assure the same long-term function of donated organs as non-ECPR care. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated pre-ECPR (2007-2011) and ECPR (2012-2020) periods in terms of donors recruited from the out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest population. We assessed the number of donors referred, the number of organs harvested and their one- and five-year survival. Results: In the pre-ECPR period, 11 donors were referred, of which 7 were accepted. During the ECPR period, the number of donors increased to 80, of which 42 were accepted. The number of donated organs in respective periods were 18 and 119, corresponding to 3,6 vs 13,2 (p =0.033) organs per year harvested. One-year survival of transplanted organs was 94.4% vs 100%, and five-year survival was 94.4% vs 87,5%, in relevant periods. Survival of organs obtained from donors after CPR and ECPR at one year (98.9% vs 100%) and five years (90,2% vs 88.9%) was the same. Graft failure was not the cause of death in any single case. Conclusions: Establishing a high volume cardiac arrest/ECPR centre may lead to a higher number of potential and subsequently accepted organ donors. The length of survival of donated organs is high and comparable between ECPR vs non-ECPR cardiac arrest donors.
Error in Funding/Support Statement
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Connie M. Ulrich, PhD, RN; Kathleen Knafl, PhD; Anessa M. Foxwell, MSN, NP; Qiuping Zhou, PhD, RN; Cynthia Paidipati, PhD, NP; Deborah Tiller, BS; Sarah J. Ratcliffe, PhD; Gwenyth R. Wallen, PhD, RN; Therese S. Richmond, PhD, RN; Mary Naylor, PhD, RN; Thomas F. Gordon, PhD; Christine Grady, PhD, RN; Victoria Miller, PhD
Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Antigen-Processing Machinery Upregulation by Anticancer Therapies in the Era of Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Ananthan Sadagopan, Theodoros Michelakos, Gabriella Boyiadzis, Cristina Ferrone, Soldano Ferrone
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Although typically impressive, objective responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) occur in only 12.5% of patients with advanced cancer. The majority of patients do not respond due to cell-intrinsic resistance mechanisms, including human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigen-processing machinery (APM) defects. The APM defects, which have a negative effect on neoantigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), are present in the majority of malignant tumors. These defects are caused by gene variations in less than 25% of cases and by dysregulated signaling and/or epigenetic changes in most of the remaining cases, making them frequently correctable. This narrative review summarizes the growing clinical evidence that chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and, to a lesser extent, radiotherapy can correct HLA class I APM defects in cancer cells and improve responses to ICIs.
The Role of Psychologic Stress in Cancer Initiation: Clinical Relevance and Potential Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Marta Falcinelli, Premal H. Thaker, Susan K. Lutgendorf, Suzanne D. Conzen, Renée L. Flaherty, Melanie S. Flint
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract The hypothesis that the physiologic response to psychologic stress influences the initiation of cancer is highly controversial. The link between initiating stressors, the psychologic stress response, and disease is plausible, considering that the stress response is associated with defined physiologic outcomes and molecular mechanisms. In light of this, we review the clinical relevance of psychologic stress on the risk of cancer, and we propose potential molecular pathways that may link the stress response to early stages of malignant cell transformation.
Mortality and Cause of Death Among Youths Previously Incarcerated in the Juvenile Legal System
Authors: Donna A. Ruch, Danielle L. Steelesmith, Guy Brock, Samantha J. Boch, Camille R. Quinn, Jeffrey A. Bridge, John V. Campo, Cynthia A. Fontanella
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> More than 50 000 youths are incarcerated in the United States on any given day, and youth incarceration has been linked to lasting adverse outcomes, including early mortality. Improving our understanding of the factors associated with early mortality among incarcerated youths can inform appropriate prevention strategies. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine mortality rates and causes of death among youths previously incarcerated in the juvenile legal system. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective longitudinal population-based cohort study compared mortality rates between youths aged 11 to 21 years incarcerated from 2010 to 2017 with same-aged nonincarcerated Medicaid-enrolled youths in the state of Ohio. Data from January 2017 to December 2019 were collected from juvenile incarceration, Medicaid, and death certificate information in Ohio. <h3>Exposure</h3> Incarceration in the state of Ohio's juvenile legal system. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Number, characteristics, and causes of deaths. Poisson regression incidence rate ratios (IRRs) compared mortality rates between previously incarcerated and Medicaid-enrolled youths. <h3>Results</h3> Among 3645 incarcerated youths, 3398 (93.2%) were male, 2155 (59.1%) Black, 1307 (35.9%) White, and 183 (5.0%) other race and ethnicity. Overall, 113 youths (3.1%) died during the study period. Homicide was the leading cause of death in formerly incarcerated youths (homicide: 63 [55.8%]; legal intervention [ie, death due to injuries inflicted by law enforcement]: 3 [2.7%]). All-cause mortality rates were significantly higher among previously incarcerated youths than Medicaid-enrolled youths (adjusted IRR [aIRR], 5.91; 95% CI, 4.90-7.13) in every demographic subgroup. Compared with Medicaid-enrolled youths, mortality rates for previously incarcerated youths were highest for homicide (aIRR, 11.02; 95% CI, 8.54-14.22), overdose (aIRR, 4.32; 95% CI, 2.59-7.20), and suicide (aIRR, 4.30; 95% CI, 2.22-8.33). Formerly incarcerated Black youths had a significantly higher risk of homicide (aIRR, 14.24; 95% CI, 4.45-45.63) but a lower risk of suicide (aIRR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04-0.89) and overdose (aIRR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10-0.99) than White youths who were incarcerated. Previously incarcerated youths aged 15 to 21 years were significantly more likely to die than youths aged 22 to 29 years, irrespective of cause of death (aIRR for youths aged 22-29 years, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.06-0.14). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, youths with a history of incarceration were significantly more likely to experience early mortality compared with nonincarcerated Medicaid-enrolled youths. Delinquency and violence prevention strategies that incorporate a culturally informed approach and consider sex and developmental level are critical.
Arming Immune Cell Therapeutics with Polymeric Prodrugs
Authors: Ciana L. López, Katherine J. Brempelis, James F. Matthaei, Kate S. Montgomery, Selvi Srinivasan, Debashish Roy, Fei Huang, Shannon A. Kreuser, Jennifer L. Gardell, Ian Blumenthal, John Chiefari, Michael C. Jensen, Courtney A. Crane, Patrick S. Stayton
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Engineered immune cells are an exciting therapeutic modality, which survey and attack tumors. Backpacking strategies exploit cell targeting capabilities for delivery of drugs to combat tumors and their immune‐suppressive environments. Here, a new platform for arming cell therapeutics through dual receptor and polymeric prodrug engineering is developed. Macrophage and T cell therapeutics are engineered to express a bioorthogonal single chain variable fragment receptor. The receptor binds a fluorescein ligand that directs cell loading with ligand‐tagged polymeric prodrugs, termed “drugamers.” The fluorescein ligand facilitates stable binding of drugamer to engineered macrophages over 10 days with 80% surface retention. Drugamers also incorporate prodrug monomers of the phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase inhibitor, PI‐103. The extended release of PI‐103 from the drugamer sustains antiproliferative activity against a glioblastoma cell line compared to the parent drug. The versatility and modularity of this cell arming system is demonstrated by loading T cells with a second fluorescein‐drugamer. This drugamer incorporates a small molecule estrogen analog, CMP8, which stabilizes a degron‐tagged transgene to provide temporal regulation of protein activity in engineered T cells. These results demonstrate that this bioorthogonal receptor and drugamer system can be used to arm multiple immune cell classes with both antitumor and transgene‐activating small molecule prodrugs.