Effects of antibiotic resistance, drug target attainment, bacterial pathogenicity and virulence, and antibiotic access and affordability on outcomes in neonatal sepsis: an international microbiology and drug evaluation prospective substudy (BARNARDS)
Authors: Kathryn M Thomson, Calie Dyer, Feiyan Liu, Kirsty Sands, Edward Portal, Maria J Carvalho, Matthew Barrell, Ian Boostrom, Susanna Dunachie, Refath Farzana, Ana Ferreira, Francis Frayne, Brekhna Hassan, Ellis Jones, Lim Jones, Jordan Mathias, Rebecca Milton, Jessica Rees, Grace J Chan, Delayehu Bekele, Abayneh Mahlet, Sulagna Basu, Ranjan K Nandy, Bijan Saha, Kenneth Iregbu, Fatima Modibbo, Stella Uwaezuoke, Rabaab Zahra, Haider Shirazi, Najeeb U Syed, Jean-Baptiste Mazarati, Aniceth Rucogoza, Lucie Gaju, Shaheen Mehtar, Andre N H Bulabula, Andrew Whitelaw, Johan G C van Hasselt, Timothy R Walsh, Samir Saha, Maksuda Islam, Zabed Bin-Ahmed, Wazir Ahmed, Taslima Begum, Mitu Chowdhury, Shaila Sharmin, Chumki Rani Dey, None Uttam, Abdul Matin, Sowmitra Ranjan Chakraborty, Sadia Tasmin, Dipa Rema, Rashida Khatun, Liza Nath, Nigatu Balkachew, Delayehu Bekele, Katherine Schaughency, Semaria Solomon, Zenebe Gebreyohanes, Rozina Ambachew, Oludare Odumade, Misgana Haileselassie, Grace Chan, Abigail Russo, Redeat Workneh, Gesit Metaferia, Mahlet Abayneh, Yahya Zekaria Mohammed, Tefera Biteye, Alula Teklu, Wendimagegn Gezahegn, Partha Sarathi Chakravorty, Anuradha Mukherjee, Ranjan Kumar Nandy, Samarpan Roy, Anuradha Sinha, Sharmi Naha, Sukla Saha Malakar, Siddhartha Bose, Monaki Majhi, Subhasree Sahoo, Putul Mukherjee, Sumitra Kumari Routa, Chaitali Nandi, Sulagna Basu, Bijan Saha, Pinaki Chattopadhyay, Fatima Zara Isa Modibbo, Stella Uwaezuoke, Dilichukwu Meduekwe, Khairiyya Muhammad, Queen Nsude, Ifeoma Ukeh, Mary-Joe Okenu, Akpulu Chinenye, Samuel Yakubu, Vivian Asunugwo, Folake Aina, Isibong Issy, Dolapo Adekeye, Adiele Eunice, Abdulmlik Amina, R Oyewole, I Oloton, BC Nnaji, M Umejiego, PN Anoke, S Adebayo, GO Abegunrin, OB Omotosho, R Ibrahim, B Igwe, M Abroko, K Balami, L Bayem, C Anyanwu, H Haruna, J Okike, K Goroh, M Boi-Sunday, Augusta Ugafor, Maryam Makama, Kaniba Ndukwe, Anastesia Odama, Hadiza Yusuf, Patience Wachukwu, Kachalla Yahaya, Titus Kalade Colsons, Mercy Kura, Damilola Orebiyi, Kenneth C. Iregbu, Chukwuemeka Mmadueke, Lamidi Audu, Nura Idris, Safiya Gambo, Jamila Ibrahim, Edwin Precious, Ashiru Hassan, Shamsudden Gwadabe, Adeola Adeleye Falola, Muhammad Aliyu, Amina Ibrahim, Aisha Sani Mukaddas, Rashida Yakubu Khalid, Fatima Ibrahim Alkali, Maryam Yahaya Muhammad, Fatima Mohammad Tukur, Surayya Mustapha Muhammad, Adeola Shittu, Murjanatu Bello, Muhammad Abubakar Hassan, Fatima Habib Sa ad, Aishatu Kassim, Haider Shirazi, Adil Muhammad, Rabaab Zahra, Syed Najeeb Ullah, Muhammad Hilal Jan, Rubina Kamran, None Sajana, Jazba Saeed, Noreen Maqsood, Maria Zafar, Saraeen Sadiq, Sumble Ahsan, Madiha Tariq, Sidra Sajid, Hasma Mustafa, Anees-ur Rehman, Atif Muhammad, Gahssan Mehmood, Mahnoor Nisar, Shermeen Akif, Tahira Yasmeen, Sabir Nawaz, Anam Shanal Atta, Mian Laiq-ur-Rehman, Robina Kousar, Kalsoom Bibi, Kosar Waheed, Zainab Majeed, Ayesha Jalil, Espoir Kajibwami, Aniceth Rucogoza, Innocent Nzabahimana, Mazarati Jean-Baptiste, Lucie Gaju, Kankundiye Riziki, Brigette Uwamahoro, Rachel Uwera, Eugenie Nyiratuza, Kumwami Muzungu, Violette Uwitonze, Marie C Horanimpundu, Francine Nzeyimana, Prince Mitima, Angela Dramowski, Andrew Whitelaw, Lauren Paterson, Mary Frans, Marvina Johnson, Eveline Swanepoel, Zoleka Bojana, Mieme du Preez, Shaheen Mehtar, Andre Bulabula, Feiyan Liu, Johan GC van Hasselt, Timothy Walsh, Kirsty Sands, Maria Carvalho, Rebecca Milton, Kathryn Thomson, Edward Portal, Jordan Mathias, Calie Dyer, Ana Ferreira, Robert Andrews, John Watkins, David Gillespie, Kerry Hood, Katie Taiyai, Nigel Kirby, Maria Nieto, Thomas Hender, Patrick Hogan, Habiba Saif, Brekhna Hassan, Ellis Jones, Matthew Barrell, Ian Boostrom, Francis Frayne, Jessica Rees, Lim Jones, Susanna Dunachie, Brad Spiller, Julian Parkhill
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2021)

Sepsis is a major contributor to neonatal mortality, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). WHO advocates ampicillin-gentamicin as first-line therapy for the management of neonatal sepsis. In the BARNARDS observational cohort study of neonatal sepsis and antimicrobial resistance in LMICs, common sepsis pathogens were characterised via whole genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial resistance profiles. In this substudy of BARNARDS, we aimed to assess the use and efficacy of empirical antibiotic therapies commonly used in LMICs for neonatal sepsis.