tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13216: Initial Survey of Respiratory Mechanics During Prehospital Bag Ventilation
Authors: Betty Y Yang, Jennifer E Blackwood, Jenny Shin, Sally Guan, Mengqi Gao, Dawn Jorgenson, James Boehl, Michael R Sayre, Thomas Rea, Nicholas J Johnson
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Respiratory mechanics, such as tidal volume and inspiratory pressures, affect outcome in hospitalized patients with respiratory failure. The ability to accurately measure respiratory mechanics in the prehospital setting is limited, thus the relationship between prehospital respiratory mechanics and clinical outcome is not well understood. In this feasibility study, we examined respiratory mechanics of bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation by emergency medical services (EMS) using a novel in-line measuring device during a period when agencies switched from larger to smaller ventilation bags. Methods: This prospective cohort study included a convenience sample of adult patients who received BVM ventilation by EMS, from August 2018 to January 2020, in Bellevue, Washington. The airway monitoring device was applied by paramedics after intubation to passively record in black box mode, until termination of efforts or hospital arrival. Respiratory parameters included tidal volume, airway pressure, flow rates, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and respiratory rate. Prehospital agencies transitioned from large (1500 mL) to small (1000 mL) ventilation bags during the study period. Results: 7371 post-intubation breaths were measured in 54 patients, 32 treated for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and 22 treated for non-arrest conditions, primarily respiratory etiology. EMS ventilated 19 patients with a small bag and 35 patients with a large bag. Ventilation with a smaller bag was characterized by less variability in tidal volumes and higher proportion of breaths delivered within 4-10 mL/kg of predicted body weight (Figure) (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Respiratory mechanics can be measured in EMS patients receiving BVM ventilation following intubation. Ventilation with a smaller bag might reduce variation in tidal volume, but further study is needed. These data provide the first evaluation of respiratory mechanics during manual ventilation provided by EMS.
Potential and Most Relevant Applications of Total Body PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Abass Alavi, Babak Saboury, Lorenzo Nardo, Vincent Zhang, Meiyun Wang, Hongdi Li, William Y. Raynor, Thomas J. Werner, Poul F. Høilund-Carlsen, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

The introduction of total body (TB) PET/CT instruments over the past 2 years has initiated a new and exciting era in medical imaging. These instruments have substantially higher sensitivity (up to 68 times) than conventional modalities and therefore allow imaging the entire body over a short period. However, we need to further refine the imaging protocols of this instrument for different indications. Total body PET will allow accurate assessment of the extent of disease, particularly, including the entire axial and appendicular skeleton. Furthermore, delayed imaging with this instrument may enhance the sensitivity of PET for some types of cancer. Also, this modality may improve the detection of venous thrombosis, a common complication of cancer and chemotherapy, in the extremities and help prevent pulmonary embolism. Total body PET allows assessment of atherosclerotic plaques throughout the body as a systematic disease. Similarly, patients with widespread musculoskeletal disorders including both oncologic and nononcologic entities, such as degenerative joint disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis, may benefit from the use of TB-PET. Finally, quantitative global disease assessment provided by this approach will be superior to conventional measurements, which do not reflect overall disease activity. In conclusion, TB-PET imaging may have a revolutionary impact on day-to-day practice of medicine and may become the leading imaging modality in the future.
Trilaciclib Prior to Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Final Efficacy and Subgroup Analysis from a Randomized Phase II Study
Authors: Antoinette R. Tan, Gail S. Wright, Anu R. Thummala, Michael A. Danso, Lazar Popovic, Timothy J. Pluard, Hyo S. Han, Željko Vojnović, Nikola Vasev, Ling Ma, Donald A. Richards, Sharon T. Wilks, Dušan Milenković, Jie Xiao, Jessica Sorrentino, Janet Horton, Joyce O'Shaughnessy
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: We report final antitumor efficacy results from a phase II study of trilaciclib, an intravenous cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, administered prior to gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GCb) in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (NCT02978716). Patients and Methods: Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to group 1 [GCb (days 1, 8); n = 34], group 2 [trilaciclib prior to GCb (days 1, 8); n = 33], or group 3 [trilaciclib (days 1, 8) and trilaciclib prior to GCb (days 2, 9); n = 35]. Subgroup analyses were performed according to CDK4/6 dependence, level of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and RNA-based immune signatures using proportional hazards regression. T-cell receptor (TCR) β CDR3 regions were amplified and sequenced to identify, quantify, and compare the abundance of each unique TCRβ CDR3 at baseline and on treatment. Results: Median overall survival (OS) was 12.6 months in group 1, not reached in group 2 (HR = 0.31; P = 0.0016), 17.8 months in group 3 (HR = 0.40; P = 0.0004), and 19.8 months in groups 2 and 3 combined (HR = 0.37; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Efficacy outcomes were comparable regardless of cancer CDK4/6 dependence status and immune signatures. Administering trilaciclib prior to GCb prolonged OS irrespective of PD-L1 status but had greater benefit in the PD-L1–positive population. T-cell activation was enhanced in patients receiving trilaciclib. Conclusions: Administering trilaciclib prior to GCb enhanced antitumor efficacy, with significant improvements in OS. Efficacy outcomes in immunologic subgroups and enhancements in T-cell activation suggest these improvements may be mediated via immunologic mechanisms.
Machine learning enables new insights into genetic contributions to liver fat accumulation
Authors: Mary E. Haas, James P. Pirruccello, Samuel N. Friedman, Minxian Wang, Connor A. Emdin, Veeral H. Ajmera, Tracey G. Simon, Julian R. Homburger, Xiuqing Guo, Matthew Budoff, Kathleen E. Corey, Alicia Y. Zhou, Anthony Philippakis, Patrick T. Ellinor, Rohit Loomba, Puneet Batra, Amit V. Khera
Journal: Cell Genomics (2021)

Excess liver fat, called hepatic steatosis, is a leading risk factor for end-stage liver disease and cardiometabolic diseases but often remains undiagnosed in clinical practice because of the need for direct imaging assessments. We developed an abdominal MRI-based machine-learning algorithm to accurately estimate liver fat (correlation coefficients, 0.97-0.99) from a truth dataset of 4,511 middle-aged UK Biobank participants, enabling quantification in 32,192 additional individuals. 17% of participants had predicted liver fat levels indicative of steatosis, and liver fat could not have been reliably estimated based on clinical factors such as BMI. A genome-wide association study of common genetic variants and liver fat replicated three known associations and identified five newly associated variants in or near the
Congenital Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Anil Kallesh, Vikram S Kumar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

A neonate had a diffuse “blueberry muffin” rash at birth. Skin biopsy showed congenital Langerhans-cell histiocytosis. The infant’s skin-limited disease had resolved without treatment at 6 weeks.
Hip Fracture Surgery Volumes Among Individuals 65 Years and Older During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kanu Okike, Priscilla H. Chan, Ronald A. Navarro, Monti X. Khatod, Elizabeth W. Paxton, Heather A. Prentice
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Julien Paccou, MD, PhD; Xavier Lenne, MSc; Grégoire Ficheur, MD, PhD; Didier Theis, MD; Bernard Cortet, MD, PhD; Amélie Bruandet, MD, PhD
Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Suicidal Ideation Among State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, March–April 2021
Authors: Jonathan Bryant-Genevier, Carol Y. Rao, Barbara Lopes-Cardozo, Ahoua Kone, Charles Rose, Isabel Thomas, Diana Orquiola, Ruth Lynfield, Dhara Shah, Lori Freeman, Scott Becker, Amber Williams, Deborah W. Gould, Hope Tiesman, Geremy Lloyd, Laura Hill, Ramona Byrkit
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Increases in mental health conditions have been documented among the general population and health care workers since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (1-3). Public health workers might be at similar risk for negative mental health consequences because of the prolonged demand for responding to the pandemic and for implementing an unprecedented vaccination campaign. The extent of mental health conditions among public health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, however, is uncertain. A 2014 survey estimated that there were nearly 250,000 state and local public health workers in the United States (4). To evaluate mental health conditions among these workers, a nonprobability-based online survey was conducted during March 29-April 16, 2021, to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation among public health workers in state, tribal, local, and territorial public health departments. Among 26,174 respondents, 52.8% reported symptoms of at least one mental health condition in the preceding 2 weeks, including depression (30.8%), anxiety (30.3%), PTSD (36.8%), or suicidal ideation (8.4%). The highest prevalence of symptoms of a mental health condition was among respondents aged ≤29 years (range = 13.6%-47.4%) and transgender or nonbinary persons (i.e., those who identified as neither male nor female) of all ages (range = 30.4%-65.5%). Public health workers who reported being unable to take time off from work were more likely to report adverse mental health symptoms. Severity of symptoms increased with increasing weekly work hours and percentage of work time dedicated to COVID-19 response activities. Implementing prevention and control practices that eliminate, reduce, and manage factors that cause or contribute to public health workers' poor mental health might improve mental health outcomes during emergencies.
IMPROvE-CED Trial: Intracoronary Autologous CD34+ Cell Therapy for Treatment of Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Angina and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Michel T. Corban, Takumi Toya, Diana Albers, Faten Sebaali, Bradley R. Lewis, John Bois, Rajiv Gulati, Abhiram Prasad, Patricia J.M. Best, Malcolm R. Bell, Charanjit S. Rihal, Megha Prasad, Ali Ahmad, Lilach O. Lerman, Mary L. Solseth, Jeffrey L. Winters, Allan B. Dietz, Amir Lerman
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

Background: Coronary endothelial dysfunction (CED) causes angina/ischemia in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD). Patients with CED have decreased number and function of CD34+ cells involved in normal vascular repair with microcirculatory regenerative potential and paracrine anti-inflammatory effects. We evaluated safety and potential efficacy of intracoronary autologous CD34+ cell therapy for CED. Methods: Twenty NOCAD patients with invasively diagnosed CED and persistent angina despite maximally tolerated medical therapy underwent baseline exercise stress test, GCSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor)-mediated CD34+ cell mobilization, leukapheresis, and selective 1×10 5 CD34+ cells/kg infusion into left anterior descending. Invasive CED evaluation and exercise stress test were repeated 6 months after cell infusion. Primary end points were safety and effect of intracoronary autologous CD34+ cell therapy on CED at 6 months of follow-up. Secondary end points were change in Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class, as-needed sublingual nitroglycerin use/day, Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores, and exercise time at 6 months. Change in CED was compared with that of 51 historic control NOCAD patients treated with maximally tolerated medical therapy alone. Results: Mean age was 52±13 years; 75% were women. No death, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred. Intracoronary CD34+ cell infusion improved microvascular CED (%acetylcholine-mediated coronary blood flow increased from 7.2 [−18.0 to 32.4] to 57.6 [16.3–98.3]%; P =0.014), decreased Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class (3.7±0.5 to 1.7±0.9, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P =0.00018), and sublingual nitroglycerin use/day (1 [0.4–3.5] to 0 [0–1], Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P =0.00047), and improved all Seattle Angina Questionnaire scores with no significant change in exercise time at 6 months of follow-up. Historic control patients had no significant change in CED. Conclusions: A single intracoronary autologous CD34+ cell infusion was safe and may potentially be an effective disease-modifying therapy for microvascular CED in humans. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03471611.
165TiP A first-in-human phase I study of FS222, a CD137/PD-L1 tetravalent bispecific antibody, in patients with advanced malignancies
Authors: E. Garralda, I. Melero, G. de Velasco, V. Moreno, H.K. Oberoi, C. Shepherd, D. Jones, M.A. Lakins, P. Hurley, S. Khambhatwala, D. Long, L. Kayitalire
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
34P Dynamic changes in plasma PD-L1 in patients with gliomas: Prognostic value and association with IDH status
Authors: S. Cabezas-Camarero, V. Garcia-Barberan, R. Pérez-Alfayate, I. Lopez Cade, J. Tejerina-Peces, I. Casado-Fariñas, P. Perez-Segura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Differences in SARS-CoV-2 infections during the first and second wave of SARS-CoV-2 between six ethnic groups in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: A population-based longitudinal serological study
Authors: Liza Coyer, Anders Boyd, Janke Schinkel, Charles Agyemang, Henrike Galenkamp, Anitra D.M. Koopman, Tjalling Leenstra, Yvonne T.H.P. van Duijnhoven, Eric P. Moll van Charante, Bert-Jan H. van den Born, Anja Lok, Arnoud Verhoeff, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Suzanne Jurriaans, Karien Stronks, Maria Prins
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

Surveillance data in high-income countries have reported more frequent SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses in ethnic minority groups. We examined the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 and its determinants in six ethnic groups in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We analysed participants enrolled in the population-based HELIUS cohort, who were tested for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and answered COVID-19-related questions between June 24-October 9, 2020 (after the first wave) and November 23, 2020-March 31, 2021 (during the second wave). We modelled SARS-CoV-2 incidence from January 1, 2020-March 31, 2021 using Markov models adjusted for age and sex. We compared incidence between ethnic groups over time and identified determinants of incident infection within ethnic groups. 2,497 participants were tested after the first wave; 2,083 (83·4%) were tested during the second wave. Median age at first visit was 54 years (interquartile range=44–61); 56·6% were female. Compared to Dutch-origin participants (15·9%), cumulative SARS-CoV-2 incidence was higher in participants of South-Asian Surinamese (25·0%; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=1·66; 95%CI=1·16–2·40), African Surinamese (28·9%, aHR=1·97; 95%CI=1·37–2·83), Turkish (37·0%; aHR=2·67; 95%CI=1·89–3·78), Moroccan (41·9%; aHR=3·13; 95%CI=2·22–4·42), and Ghanaian (64·6%; aHR=6·00; 95%CI=4·33–8·30) origin. Compared to those of Dutch origin, differences in incidence became wider during the second versus first wave for all ethnic minority groups (all p-values for interaction<0·05), except Ghanaians. Having household members with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, larger household size, and low health literacy were common determinants of SARS-CoV-2 incidence across groups. SARS-CoV-2 incidence was higher in the largest ethnic minority groups of Amsterdam, particularly during the second wave. Prevention measures, including vaccination, should be encouraged in these groups. ZonMw, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Dutch Heart Foundation, European Union, European Fund for the Integration of non-EU immigrants.
3D Bioprinted Spheroidal Droplets for Engineering the Heterocellular Coupling between Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Fibroblasts
Authors: Raven El Khoury, Naveen Nagiah, Joel A. Mudloff, Vikram Thakur, Munmun Chattopadhyay, Binata Joddar
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2021)

Since conventional human cardiac two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and multilayered three-dimensional (3D) models fail in recapitulating cellular complexity and possess inferior translational capacity, we designed and developed a high-throughput scalable 3D bioprinted cardiac spheroidal droplet-organoid model with cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts that can be used for drug screening or regenerative engineering applications. This study helped establish the parameters for bioprinting and cross-linking a gelatin-alginate-based bioink into 3D spheroidal droplets. A flattened disk-like structure developed in prior studies from our laboratory was used as a control. The microstructural and mechanical stability of the 3D spheroidal droplets was assessed and was found to be ideal for a cardiac scaffold. Adult human cardiac fibroblasts and AC16 cardiomyocytes were mixed in the bioink and bioprinted. Live-dead assay and flow cytometry analysis revealed robust biocompatibility of the 3D spheroidal droplets that supported the growth and proliferation of the cardiac cells in the long-term cultures. Moreover, the heterocellular gap junctional coupling between the cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts further validated the 3D cardiac spheroidal droplet model.
116TiP KEYNOTE-B98: Phase Ib/II study of pembrolizumab plus investigational agents as second-line treatment for anti–PD-1/PD-L1-refractory extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC)
Authors: W.C.V. Lai, M-J. Ahn, T. Shentzer, D. Kowalski, B.C. Cho, S. Schmid, M. Jové, M. Huang, B. Zhao, H. El-Osta, A. Navarro
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Daratumumab, Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone With Minimal Residual Disease Response-Adapted Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Luciano J. Costa, Saurabh Chhabra, Eva Medvedova, Bhagirathbhai R. Dholaria, Timothy M. Schmidt, Kelly N. Godby, Rebecca Silbermann, Binod Dhakal, Susan Bal, Smith Giri, Anita D'Souza, Aric Hall, Pamela Hardwick, James Omel, Robert F. Cornell, Parameswaran Hari, Natalie S. Callander
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

The MASTER trial combined daratumumab, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (Dara-KRd) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), using minimal residual disease (MRD) by next-generation sequencing (NGS) to inform the use and duration of Dara-KRd post-autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) and treatment cessation in patients with two consecutive MRD-negative assessments.This multicenter, single-arm, phase II trial enrolled patients with NDMM with planed enrichment for high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCAs). Patients received Dara-KRd induction, AHCT, and Dara-KRd consolidation, according to MRD status. MRD was evaluated by NGS at the end of induction, post-AHCT, and every four cycles (maximum of eight cycles) of consolidation. Primary end point was achievement of MRD negativity (< 10-5). Patients with two consecutive MRD-negative assessments entered treatment-free MRD surveillance.Among 123 participants, 43% had none, 37% had 1, and 20% had 2+ HRCA. Median age was 60 years (range, 36-79 years), and 96% had MRD trackable by NGS. Median follow-up was 25.1 months. Overall, 80% of patients reached MRD negativity (78%, 82%, and 79% for patients with 0, 1, and 2+ HRCA, respectively), 66% reached MRD < 10-6, and 71% reached two consecutive MRD-negative assessments during therapy, entering treatment-free surveillance. Two-year progression-free survival was 87% (91%, 97%, and 58% for patients with 0, 1, and 2+ HRCA, respectively). Cumulative incidence of MRD resurgence or progression 12 months after cessation of therapy was 4%, 0%, and 27% for patients with 0, 1, or 2+ HRCA, respectively. Most common serious adverse events were pneumonia (6%) and venous thromboembolism (3%).Dara-KRd, AHCT, and MRD response-adapted consolidation leads to high rate of MRD negativity in NDMM. For patients with 0 or 1 HRCA, this strategy creates the opportunity of MRD surveillance as an alternative to indefinite maintenance.
Cigar Sales in Convenience Stores in the US, 2009-2020
Authors: Cristine D. Delnevo, Erin Miller Lo, Daniel P. Giovenco, Jennifer Cornacchione Ross, Mary Hrywna, Andrew A. Strasser
Journal: JAMA (2021)

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Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: Schalk W. van der Merwe, Roy L. J. van Wanrooij, Michiel Bronswijk, Simon Everett, Sundeep Lakhtakia, Mihai Rimbas, Tomas Hucl, Rastislav Kunda, Abdenor Badaoui, Ryan Law, Paolo G. Arcidiacono, Alberto Larghi, Marc Giovannini, Mouen A. Khashab, Kenneth F. Binmoeller, Marc Barthet, Manuel Perez-Miranda, Jeanin E. van Hooft
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

1: ESGE recommends the use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) over percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in malignant distal biliary obstruction when local expertise is available.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 2: ESGE suggests EUS-BD with hepaticogastrostomy only for malignant inoperable hilar biliary obstruction with a dilated left hepatic duct when inadequately drained by ERCP and/or PTBD in high volume expert centers.Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 3: ESGE recommends that EUS-guided pancreatic duct (PD) drainage should only be considered in symptomatic patients with an obstructed PD when retrograde endoscopic intervention fails or is not possible.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 4: ESGE recommends rendezvous EUS techniques over transmural PD drainage in patients with favorable anatomy owing to its lower rate of adverse events.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 5: ESGE recommends that, in patients at high surgical risk, EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (GBD) should be favored over percutaneous gallbladder drainage where both techniques are available, owing to the lower rates of adverse events and need for re-interventions in EUS-GBD.Strong recommendation, high quality of evidence. 6: ESGE recommends EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE), in an expert setting, for malignant gastric outlet obstruction, as an alternative to enteral stenting or surgery.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 7: ESGE recommends that EUS-GE may be considered in the management of afferent loop syndrome, especially in the setting of malignancy or in poor surgical candidates. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 8: ESGE suggests that endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP (EDGE) can be offered, in expert centers, to patients with a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass following multidisciplinary decision-making, with the aim of overcoming the invasiveness of laparoscopy-assisted ERCP and the limitations of enteroscopy-assisted ERCP.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.