tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Access Among Black and Latinx Communities
Authors: Lilanthi Balasuriya, Alycia Santilli, Jennifer Morone, Jessica Ainooson, Brita Roy, Anuli Njoku, Andrea Mendiola-Iparraguirre, Kathleen O’Connor Duffany, Bernard Macklin, Jackson Higginbottom, Celina Fernández-Ayala, Genesis Vicente, Arjun Venkatesh
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Black and Latinx communities have faced disproportionate harm from the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and access has the potential to mitigate mortality and morbidity from COVID-19 for all communities, including those most impacted by the pandemic. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate and understand factors associated with facilitating and obstructing COVID-19 vaccine access and acceptance among Black and Latinx communities. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This community-partnered qualitative study conducted semistructured, in-depth focus groups with Black and Latinx participants from March 17 to March 29, 2021, using a secure video conferencing platform. Participants were recruited through emails from local community-based organizations, federally qualified health centers, social service agencies, the New Haven, Connecticut, Health Department, and in-person distribution of study information from community health workers. A total of 8 focus groups were conducted, including 4 in Spanish and 4 in English, with 72 participants from a diverse range of community roles, including teachers, custodial service workers, and health care employees, in New Haven, Connecticut. Data were analyzed from March 17 to July 30, 2021. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach. Themes and subthemes were identified on the acceptability and accessibility of the COVID-19 vaccine among participants who identified as Black and/or Latinx. <h3>Results</h3> Among 72 participants, 36 (50%) identified as Black, 28 (39%) as Latinx, and 8 (11%) as Black and Latinx and 56 (78%) identified as women and 16 (22%) identified as men. Participants described 3 major themes that may represent facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccinations: pervasive mistreatment of Black and Latinx communities and associated distrust; informing trust via trusted messengers and messages, choice, social support, and diversity; and addressing structural barriers to vaccination access. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings of this qualitative study may impact what health care systems, public health officials, policy makers, health care practitioners, and community leaders can do to facilitate equitable uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. Community-informed insights are imperative to facilitating COVID-19 vaccine access and acceptance among communities hardest hit by the pandemic. Preventing the further widening of inequities and addressing structural barriers to vaccination access are vital to protecting all communities, especially Black and Latinx individuals who have experienced disproportionate death and loss from COVID-19.
P46.04 Different Effects of Crizotinib Treatment in Three Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients With Various ROS1 Fusion Variants
Authors: Y. Nakanishi, Y. Ohishi, Y. Iida, Y. Nakagawa, T. Shimizu, I. Tsujino, Y. Hirotani, T. Tanino, H. Nishimaki, H. Kobayashi, F. Nozaki, S. Ohni, X. Tang, Y. Gon, S. Masuda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
A systematic review of the current status of interventions for type II endoleak after EVAR for abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Marethania M. Akmal, Dara R. Pabittei, Tossapol Prapassaro, Raden Suhartono, Frans L. Moll, Joost A. van Herwaarden
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2021)

To study the mid- and long-term outcomes of type II endoleak treatment after EVAR and the technical aspects of different techniques to exclude endoleaks which different embolic agents.A systematic review was performed using the approach recommended by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for meta-analyses of interventional studies. The comprehensive search was conducted using the following database: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Patient characteristic, intervention approaches, embolic agents, and results at mid and long term follow up were studied.A total of 6 studies corresponding to a total of 141 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 73-78.6 years and a mean duration of follow up varying from 25 to 42 months. There were different techniques for embolization used (translumbar, transarterial, and transcaval approach) with various types of embolic agents. In all studies, the indication for embolization of the type II endoleaks was sac enlargement of more than 5 mm. A wide range of technical success rate was reported regardless of the intervention strategy being used (17,6%-100%). The overall technical success rate of all studies was 62%.This systematic review shows that there is a wide variety of techniques to exclude a persistent type II endoleak. Different kinds of embolic agents have be used. Due to a lack of peer reviewed data on longterm follow-up, it was not possible to come to recommendations what treatment would be the best for a durable exclusion of a persistent type II endoleak after an initially successful EVAR. There remains an urgent need for proper executed studies, either randomized or with close observation in relation to longer follow-up.
A phase 2 biomarker-driven study of ruxolitinib demonstrates effectiveness of JAK/STAT targeting in T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Alison J. Moskowitz, Paola Ghione, Eric Jacobsen, Jia Ruan, Jonathan H. Schatz, Sarah Noor, Patricia Myskowski, Santosha Vardhana, Nivetha Ganesan, Helen Hancock, Theresa Davey, Leslie Perez, Sunyoung Ryu, Alayna Santarosa, Jack Dowd, Obadi Obadi, Lauren Pomerantz, Nancy Yi, Samia Sohail, Natasha Galasso, Rachel Neuman, Brielle Liotta, William Blouin, Jeeyeon Baik, Mark B. Geyer, Ariela Noy, David Straus, Priyadarshini Kumar, Ahmet Dogan, Travis Hollmann, Esther Drill, Jurgen Rademaker, Heiko Schoder, Giorgio Inghirami, David M. Weinstock, Steven M. Horwitz
Journal: Blood (2021)
Construction of a Highly Sensitive Thiol‐Reactive AIEgen‐Peptide Conjugate for Monitoring Protein Unfolding and Aggregation in Cells
Authors: Soheila Sabouri, Mengjie Liu, Shouxiang Zhang, Bicheng Yao, Hamid Soleimaninejad, Amy A. Baxter, Georgina Armendariz‐Vidales, Pramod Subedi, Chong Duan, Xiaoding Lou, Conor F. Hogan, Begoña Heras, Ivan K. H. Poon, Yuning Hong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Impairment of the protein quality control network leads to the accumulation of unfolded and aggregated proteins. Direct detection of unfolded protein accumulation in the cells may provide the possibility for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Here a new platform based on a peptide-conjugated thiol-reactive aggregation-induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen), named MI-BTD-P (or D1), for labeling and tracking unfolded proteins in cells is reported. In vitro experiments with model proteins show that the non-fluorescent D1 only becomes highly fluorescent when reacted with the thiol group of free cysteine (Cys) residues on unfolded proteins but not glutathione or folded proteins with buried or surface exposed Cys. When the labeled unfolded proteins form aggregates, D1 fluorescence intensity is further increased, and fluorescence lifetime is prolonged. D1 is then used to measure unfolded protein loads in cells by flow cytometry and track the aggregate formation of the D1 labeled unfolded proteins using confocal microscopy. In combination with fluorescence lifetime imaging technique, the proteome at different folding statuses can be better differentiated, demonstrating the versatility of this new platform. The rational design of D1 demonstrates the outlook of incorporation of diverse functional groups to achieve maximal sensitivity and selectivity in biological samples.
P68.12 Inter-Tumor Heterogeneity of CD44 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers / EGFR Mutated Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: K. Suda, C. Rivard, H. Yu, T. Fujino, T. Koga, J. Soh, F. Hirsch, T. Mitsudomi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Whole Inactivated Virus and Protein-Based COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Peter J. Hotez, Maria Elena Bottazzi
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2021)

The rapid development and deployment of mRNA and adenovirus-vectored vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to astound the global scientific community, but these vaccine platforms and production approaches have still not achieved global COVID-19 vaccine equity. Immunizing the billions of people at risk for COVID-19 in the world's low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) still relies on the availability of vaccines produced and scaled through traditional technology approaches. Vaccines based on whole inactivated virus (WIV) and protein-based platforms, as well as protein particle-based vaccines, are the most produced by LMIC vaccine manufacturing strategies. Three major WIV vaccines are beginning to be distributed widely. Several protein-based and protein particle-based vaccines are advancing with promising results. Overall, these vaccines are exhibiting excellent safety profiles and in some instances have shown their potential to induce high levels of virus neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses (and protection) both in nonhuman primates and in early studies in humans. There is an urgent need to continue accelerating these vaccines for LMICs in time to fully vaccinate these populations by the end of 2022 at the latest. Achieving these goals would also serve as an important reminder that we must continue to maintain expertise in producing multiple vaccine technologies, rather than relying on any individual platform.
A guide for final year medical students: transitioning to foundation training during the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Prasanti Alekhya Kotta, Madhivanan Elango
Journal: BMJ (2021)

As a result of the covid-19 pandemic, many of you will have missed out on first hand clinical experience, contact with patients, electives abroad, and rotations in some specialties.1 As such you might be feeling overwhelmed, unprepared, and anxious about the prospect of starting your first job as a foundation doctor.2 It can be difficult at the best of times, but this is an especially challenging period to join the workforce as you might be required to manage patients with covid-19 and work under increased pressure as the NHS deals with the backlog of care created by the pandemic.3 This article aims to guide final year medical students whose clinical training has been affected by the covid-19 pandemic to prepare for their transition to foundation training—from discussing what to focus on during the final months of a placement to providing useful resources and suggestions to prepare you for dealing with covid-19. Many of you will have a medical school placement, roughly spanning a few weeks, called an apprenticeship or transition to foundation training placement. During this time you will be buddied with a foundation year doctor and work on the wards under close supervision. At the start of the placement, meet with your buddy to discuss your goals: the aim should be to get hands-on experience and find out what is expected from a foundation year 1 doctor. Box 1 contains a list of tasks you should practise, such as becoming familiar with ward rounds, assessing and managing common clinical conditions, managing jobs during the day, practising clinical and communication skills, and prescribing. Box 1 ### Tasks to practise during a final medical school placement #### Ward round tasksRETURN TO TEXT
Multifunctional Nanosystems with Enhanced Cellular Uptake for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhaoyu Ma, Mohamed F. Foda, Yanli Zhao, Heyou Han
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Rapid development of nanotechnology provides promising strategies in biomedicine, especially in tumor therapy. In particular, the cellular uptake of nanosystems is not only a basic premise to realize various biomedical applications, but also a fatal factor for determining the final therapeutic effect. Thus, a systematic and comprehensive summary is necessary to overview the recent research progress on the improvement of nanosystem cellular uptake for cancer treatment. According to the process of nanosystems entering the body, they can be classified into three categories. The first segment is to enhance the accumulation and permeation of nanosystems to tumor cells through extracellular microenvironment stimulation. The second segment is to improve cellular internalization from extracellular to intracellular via active targeting. The third segment is to enhance the intracellular retention of therapeutics by subcellular localization. The major factors in the delivery can be utilized to develop multifunctional nanosystems for strengthening the tumor therapy. Ultimately, the key challenges and prospective in the emerging research frontier are thoroughly outlined. This review is expected to provide inspiring ideas, promising strategies and potential pathways for developing advanced anticancer nanosystems in clinical practice.
CLL Stereotyped Subset #4 Igs Acquire Binding to Viable B Lymphocyte Surfaces By Somatic Mutations, Isotype Class Switching, and with the Prerequisite of IG Self-Association
Authors: Yun Liu, Rosa Catera, Chao Gao, Xiao J. Yan, Steven L. Allen, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Kanti Rai, Charles C Chu, Ten Feizi, Kostas Stamatopoulos, Nicholas Chiorazzi
Journal: Blood (2017)
Convergent Loss of Chemoreceptors across Independent Origins of Slave-Making in Ants
Authors: Evelien Jongepier, Alice Séguret, Anton Labutin, Barbara Feldmeyer, Claudia Gstöttl, Susanne Foitzik, Jürgen Heinze, Erich Bornberg-Bauer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

The evolution of an obligate parasitic lifestyle often leads to the reduction of morphological and physiological traits, which may be accompanied by loss of genes and functions. Slave-making ants are social parasites that exploit the work force of closely related ant species for social behaviors such as brood care and foraging. Recent divergence between these social parasites and their hosts enables comparative studies of gene family evolution. We sequenced the genomes of eight ant species, representing three independent origins of ant slavery. During the evolution of eusociality, chemoreceptor genes multiplied due to the importance of chemical communication in insect societies. We investigated the evolutionary fate of these chemoreceptors and found that slave-making ant genomes harbored only half as many gustatory receptors as their hosts', potentially mirroring the outsourcing of foraging tasks to host workers. In addition, parasites had fewer odorant receptors and their loss shows striking patterns of convergence across independent origins of parasitism, in particular in orthologs often implicated in sociality like the 9-exon odorant receptors. These convergent losses represent a rare case of convergent molecular evolution at the level of individual genes. Thus, evolution can operate in a way that is both repeatable and reversible when independent ant lineages lose important social traits during the transition to a parasitic lifestyle.
The challenges of COVID‐19 Delta variant: Prevention and vaccine development
Authors: Xuemei He, Cai He, Weiqi Hong, Kang Zhang, Xiawei Wei
Journal: MedComm (2021)

Several SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged since the pandemic, bringing about a renewed threat to the public. Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was first detected in October 2020 in India and was characterized as variants of concern (VOC) by WHO on May 11, 2021. Delta variant rapidly outcompeted other variants to become the dominant circulating lineages due to its clear competitive advantage. There is emerging evidence of enhanced transmissibility and reduced vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Delta variant. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the features and phenotypic effects of this variant. Herein, we comprehensively described the evaluation and features of Delta variant, summarized the effects of mutations in spike on the infectivity, transmission ability, immune evasion, and provided a perspective on efficient approaches for preventing and overcoming COVID-19.
Plasma biomarkers associated with adverse outcomes in patients with calcific aortic stenosis
Authors: Mahesh K. Vidula, Alena Orlenko, Lei Zhao, Lisa Salvador, Aeron M. Small, Edward Horton, Jordana B. Cohen, Srinath Adusumalli, Srinivas Denduluri, Taisei Kobayashi, Matthew Hyman, Paul Fiorilli, Caroline Magro, Bibi Singh, Bianca Pourmussa, Candy Greczylo, Michael Basso, Christina Ebert, Melissa Yarde, Zhuyin Li, Mary Ellen Cvijic, Zhaoqing Wang, Alice Walsh, Joseph Maranville, Ellen Kick, Joseph Luettgen, Leonard Adam, Peter Schafer, Francisco Ramirez‐Valle, Dietmar Seiffert, Jason H. Moore, David Gordon, Julio A. Chirinos
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)
MA03.05 DNA Damage Response (DDR) Gene Mutations and Correlation With Immunotherapy Response in NSCLC Patients
Authors: J. Liu, H. Zhou, W. Ma, Y. Zhang, T. Zhou, Y. Yang, J. Huang, Y. Zhao, S. Hong, J. Zhan, H. Zhao, Y. Huang, W. Fang, L. Zhang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Time to end the misuse of race in medicine: cases from nephrology
Authors: Chandrasekar Gopalakrishnan, Elisabetta Patorno,
Journal: BMJ (2021)

<b>Chandrasekar Gopalakrishnan</b> and <b>Elisabetta Patorno</b> argue that a focus on understanding the effects of socioeconomic and cultural factors rather than biological differences would improve treatment for all racial groups
The Flawed Science of Antibody Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Immunity
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Raymond A. Harvey, MPH; Jeremy A. Rassen, ScD; Carly A. Kabelac, BS; Wendy Turenne, MS; Sandy Leonard, MPH; Reyna Klesh, MS; William A. Meyer III, PhD, D(ABMM), MLS(ASCP)CM; Harvey W. Kaufman, MD, MBA; Steve Anderson, PhD; Oren Cohen, MD; Valentina I. Petkov, MD, MPH; Kathy A. Cronin, PhD; Alison L. Van Dyke, MD, PhD; Douglas R. Lowy, MD; Norman E. Sharpless, MD; Lynne T. Penberthy, MD, MPH
Abstract 1581: Extension of Titin as a Function of Filling Pressure and Sarcomere Length in the Porcine Left Ventricle
Authors: Martin M LeWinter, Joseph Popper, Lori Nyland, Stephen B Bell, Henk Granzier
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The giant sarcomeric protein titin is a molecular spring that is the chief source of cardiomyocyte passive tension and a major determinant of myocardial stiffness. The spring portion is located in the I band and consists of PEVK, Ig repeat and N2B and N2A elements. Titin occurs as two isoforms. N2B is a smaller and stiffer isoform that contains only the N2B element and predominates in the left ventricle (LV) of rodents. N2BA titin contains both N2A and N2B elements. N2B and N2BA are co-expressed in the sarcomere of large mammals (~60:40 ratio). As a result, passive cardiomyocyte and myocardial stiffness in large mammals is less than in rodents. Details of titin extension as a function of sarcomere length (SL) have been elucidated in rodents but not in large mammals, where the presence of both isoforms would be expected to modify extension and passive tension. Accordingly, we studied titin extension in miniswine. We first established the relation between filling pressure and SL in the anterior LV wall of the in situ, freshly arrested (KCl) heart. SL was determined over a range of filling pressures using a light microscopic method that minimizes shrinkage. At equilibrium volume (transmural pressure 0 mmHg), SL was between 2.00–2.10 μm, longer than slack length of ~1.85 μm in muscle strips. SL reached a maximum of ~2.50 βm when the LV was over-distended (filling pressure &gt;40 mmHg). We then examined extension of titin in myocardial strips using electron microscopy and immuno-labeling of selected epitopes. The chief difference between isoforms was that the N2B-Us epitope segment in N2B titin lengthened ~four times more than the N2B-Us segment in N2BA titin over SLs from ~1.80 to ~2.50 μm. This difference remained large over the SL range present in the in situ LV. Linear fits of the measured end-to-end length of N2B-Us segments were used to estimate the force-SL relation of single N2B and N2BA molecules. This analysis predicted a much steeper relation for N2B titin. Thus, over the range of SLs present in the in situ LV the most prominent difference in extension of N2B and N2BA titin is greater lengthening of the N2B segment of N2B titin. This predicts a much greater in situ stiffness for N2B titin and demonstrates how passive stiffness can be exquisitely controlled by varying isoform expression.
Neuromedin B receptor stimulation of Cav3.2 T-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels in primary sensory neurons mediates peripheral pain hypersensitivity
Authors: Yuan Zhang, Zhiyuan Qian, Dongsheng Jiang, Yufang Sun, Shangshang Gao, Xinghong Jiang, Hua Wang, Jin Tao
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Background: Neuromedin B (Nmb) is implicated in the regulation of nociception of sensory neurons. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Methods: Using patch clamp recording, western blot analysis, immunofluorescent labelling, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, adenovirus-mediated shRNA knockdown and animal behaviour tests, we studied the effects of Nmb on the sensory neuronal excitability and peripheral pain sensitivity mediated by Cav3.2 T-type channels. Results: Nmb reversibly and concentration-dependently increased T-type channel currents (IT) in small-sized trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons through the activation of neuromedin B receptor (NmbR). This NmbR-mediated IT response was Gq protein-coupled, but independent of protein kinase C activity. Either intracellular application of the QEHA peptide or shRNA-mediated knockdown of Gβ abolished the NmbR-induced IT response. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) completely abolished the Nmb-induced IT response. Analysis of phospho-AMPK (p-AMPK) revealed that Nmb significantly activated AMPK, while AMPK inhibition prevented the Nmb-induced increase in PKA activity. In a heterologous expression system, activation of NmbR significantly enhanced the Cav3.2 channel currents, while the Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 channel currents remained unaffected. Nmb induced TG neuronal hyperexcitability and concomitantly induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, both of which were attenuated by T-type channel blockade. Moreover, blockade of NmbR signalling prevented mechanical hypersensitivity in a mouse model of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain, and this effect was attenuated by siRNA knockdown of Cav3.2. Conclusions: Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which NmbR stimulates Cav3.2 channels through a Gβγ-dependent AMPK/PKA pathway. In mouse models, this mechanism appears to drive the hyperexcitability of TG neurons and induce pain hypersensitivity.
Pancytopenia, needles, and parasites
Authors: Edwin U Suárez, Carlos Soto de Ozaeta
Journal: BMJ (2021)

This is a bone marrow aspirate from a Spanish woman in her 50s, showing histiocytes with numerous organisms with a “double-dot” appearance compatible with leishmaniasis, a parasitic infection caused by Leishmania (fig 1, arrow). Diagnosis of leishmaniasis was confirmed by …
Low dose CT could replace x rays as first line diagnostic test for lung cancer, says watchdog
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2021)

NHS England should explore whether low dose computed tomography would be more clinically and cost effective than radiography for diagnosing lung cancer in patients who present to primary care with relevant symptoms, its independent safety watchdog has recommended.1

The Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch published a report on 14 October after an investigation into the case of 50 year old non-smoker “Tracey,” whose lung cancer was not picked up for nearly a year, despite several visits to her GP, radiography, and radiologists’ reviews.

The report made three key safety recommendations after considering …