AB0059 通过MAPK和NF-KB信号通路自动修饰药物抑制白细胞介素-37表达
Authors: Xiaoyi Shi, Chunhui Lai, Lianyu Zhao, Mingying Zhang, XI Liu, Shanqin Peng, Weizhong Guo, Song Chen, Guangxing Chen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Autophagy has been shown as an intrinsic cellular defense mechanism in innate and adaptive immune responses and is reported to regulate inflammation during infection [1], Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy suppresses inflammasome activation [2-5]. IL-37 has been identified as an anti-inflammatory factor that translocates into the nucleus and downregulates other pro-inflammatory cytokines [6]. Nevertheless, whether autophagy regulates the expression of IL-37 has not been elucidated. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of autophagy in regulating IL-37, an anti-inflammatory cytokine highly expressed in tissues of patients with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. <h3>Methods</h3> PMA-transformed and LPS-stimulated U937 macrophages were treated with three autophagy-modifying reagents—3MA, chloroquine, and rapamycin. The expression of three IL-1 family cytokines (IL-37, IL-18, and IL-1β) and two receptors (IL-1R8 and IL-18RA) was determined by quantitative PCR. Intracellular IL-37 expression was detected by flow-cytometry. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay were used to determine the levels of P62/SQSTM1 and LC3, and autophagic U937 cells were isolated by sorting for quantifying IL-37 expression. We also used agonists and antagonists of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways to investigate the possible pathway involved. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from one healthy donor were also used for autophagy modification and intracellular IL-37 quantitation. <h3>Results</h3> IL-37 was upregulated by rapamycin and chloroquine in U937 cells stimulated by LPS. IL-37 was preferentially expressed in autophagic cells accompanied with LC3 conversion. Higher IL-37 expression was found in "yto-ID" positive cells than in negative cells. Inductive IL-37 expression, but not constitutive IL-37 expression, could be abolished by inhibitors of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, whereas it was augmented by MAPK agonists. <h3>Conclusion</h3> IL-37 levels were enhanced by rapamycin and chloroquine dependent on MAPK and NF-κB pathway activation, probably through LC3 accumulation. This study suggests a possible novel mechanism of chloroquine and rapamycin action in autoimmune inflammatory diseases. <h3>References</h3> [1] B. Levine, N. Mizushima, H.W. Virgin, Autophagy in immunity and inflammation, Nature469(7330) (2011) 323-35. [2] C. Lupfer, P.G. Thomas, P.K. Anand, P. Vogel, S. Milasta, J. Martinez, G. Huang, M. Green, M. Kundu, H. Chi, R.J. Xavier, D.R. Green, M. Lamkanfi, C.A. Dinarello, P.C. Doherty, T.D. Kanneganti, Receptor interacting protein kinase 2-mediated mitophagy regulates inflammasome activation during virus infection, Nature immunology14(5) (2013) 480-8. [3] C.S. Shi, K. Shenderov, N.N. Huang, J. Kabat, M. Abu-Asab, K.A. Fitzgerald, A. Sher, J.H. Kehrl, Activation of autophagy by inflammatory signals limits IL-1beta production by targeting ubiquitinated inflammasomes for destruction, Nature immunology13(3) (2012) 255-63. [4] Q. Liu, D. Zhang, D. Hu, X. Zhou, Y. Zhou, The role of mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, Molecular immunology103 (2018) 115-124. [5] R. Zhou, A.S. Yazdi, P. Menu, J. Tschopp, A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, Nature469(7329) (2011) 221-5. [6] S. Sharma, N. Kulk, M.F. Nold, R. Graf, S.H. Kim, D. Reinhardt, C.A. Dinarello, P. Bufler, The IL-1 family member 7b translocates to the nucleus and down-regulates proinflammatory cytokines, J Immunol180(8) (2008) 5477-82. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> None declared