tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for breast cancer
Authors: K. C Johnson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Editor—The editorial by Young et al on the treatment of bipolar affective disorder makes no reference to the benefits of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).1 The authors do a disservice to their patients and to the BMJ's readers by neglecting to mention ECT and by overstating the benefits of new treatments that have not been tested sufficiently.

The merits of ECT in resolving both mania and depression were so well documented by 1940 that they justified its widespread, worldwide acceptance.2,3 A review of literature published over five decades found that 66% of patients went into remission or showed marked clinical improvement of bipolar affective disorders when treated with ECT.4 A retrospective review of patients who had been matched for age, sex, and severity of illness contrasted the efficacy of the therapy in patients with mania with those later treated with chlorpromazine. All of the 28 patients treated with ECT responded to treatment but only 18 of 28 treated with chlorpromazine responded. All 10 patients who had not responded to chlorpromazine were later treated with ECT and all responded, suggesting that ECT is superior. Another study comparing ECT, lithium, and chlorpromazine for treatment of chronic mania found that outcomes were equivalent. A comparison of the efficacy of ECT and lithium over eight weeks in patients with a suboptimal response to lithium alone found that ECT was superior. Patients with mania whose treatment with lithium or neuroleptics was unsuccessful were treated either with ECT or a combination of lithium and haloperidol: 59% had a complete remission with ECT but none who received the combined medication went into remission.

The efficacy of ECT in patients with delirious mania is well documented in case reports, and it is often a life saving option. Anticonvulsant agents were introduced into the treatment of mania partly because of their ability to raise seizure thresholds. The efficacy of ECT in raising seizure thresholds is well established. There are no studies comparing ECT with any of the treatments for bipolar disorder recommended in the editorial (anticonvulsant drugs or anticonvulsants with antipsychotic drugs or lithium, or both). Ignoring the benefits of ECT while asserting that other unproved non-pharmacological treatments “are emerging” relies more on hope than on evidence. The efficacy of ECT in relieving bipolar affective disorders has been shown, and its use should be considered in patients with the severe forms of the illness, and those with rapid cycling, delirious mania, and mania that has been resistant to treatment (that is, two adequate trials of medication of no longer than six weeks each have failed). The authors' call for additional evidence should include studies of ECT.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Camille E. Powe, Ebony B. Carter
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phase I dose escalation safety and feasibility study of autologous WT1-sensitized T cells for the treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Chrisann Kyi, Ekaterina Doubrovina, Qin Zhou, Sara Kravetz, Alexia Iasonos, Carol Aghajanian, Paul Sabbatini, David Spriggs, Richard J O'Reilly, Roisin E O’Cearbhaill
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

This phase I dose escalation trial evaluated the feasibility of production, safety, maximum tolerated dose, and preliminary efficacy of autologous T cells sensitized with peptides encoding Wilms' tumor protein 1 (WT1) administered alone or following lymphodepleting chemotherapy, in the treatment of patients with recurrent WT1+ ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube carcinomas. A 3+3 dose escalation design was used to determine dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). In cohort I, patients received WT1-sensitized T cells dosed at 5×106/m2 (level I) without cyclophosphamide lymphodepletion. In cohorts II-IV, patients received lymphodepleting chemotherapy (a single intravenous dose of cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2), 2 days prior to the first intravenous infusion of WT1-sensitized T cells administered at escalating doses (2×107/m2 (level II), 5×107/m2 (level III), and 1×108/m2 (level IV)). Twelve patients aged 23-72 years, with a median of 7 prior therapies (range 4-14), were treated on the study. No DLT was observed, even at the highest dose level of 1×108/m2 WT1-sensitized T cells tested. Common adverse events reported were grade 1-2 fatigue, fever, nausea, and headache. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.8 months (95% CI, 0.8 to 2.6); 1 year PFS rate 8.3% (95% CI, 0.5 to 31.1). Median overall survival (OS) was 11.0 months (95% CI, 1.1 to 22.6); OS at 1 year was 41.7% (95% CI, 15.2% to 66.5%). Best response was stable disease in one patient (n=1) and progressive disease in the others (n=11). We observed a transient increase in the frequencies of WT1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) in the peripheral blood of 9 of the 12 patients following WT1-sensitized T-cell infusion. We demonstrated the safety of administration of WT1-sensitized T cells and the short-term increase in the WT1 CTLp. However, at the low doses evaluated we did not observe therapeutic activity in recurrent ovarian cancer. In this heavily pretreated population, we encountered challenges in generating sufficient numbers of WT1-reactive cytotoxic T cells. Future studies employing WT1-specific T cells generated from lymphocytes are warranted but should be done earlier in the disease course and prior to intensive myelosuppressive therapy. NCT00562640. The authors describe the first human application of autologous WT1-sensitized T cells in the treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian, primary peritoneal, and fallopian tube carcinomas.
Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 deficiency decreases endothelial adhesion of monocytes and protects against autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Laurent Calvier, Navid Manouchehri, Anastasia Sacharidou, Chieko Mineo, Philip W. Shaul, David Y. Hui, Maria Z. Kounnas, Olaf Stüve, Joachim Herz
Journal: Science Immunology (2021)

Loss of ApoER2 reduces endothelial adhesion and monocyte extravasation, thereby reducing neuroinflammation, paralysis, and mortality.
World Health Organization treatment outcome definitions for tuberculosis: 2021 update
Authors: Nguyen Nhat Linh, Kerri Viney, Medea Gegia, Dennis Falzon, Philippe Glaziou, Katherine Floyd, Hazim Timimi, Nazir Ismail, Matteo Zignol, Tereza Kasaeva, Fuad Mirzayev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>In 2021, WHO revised its tuberculosis treatment outcome definitions, making them uniformly applicable for different lengths of treatment for both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant disease</b>https://bit.ly/3jFFgOu
Genome Fractionation and Loss of Heterozygosity in Hybrids and Polyploids: Mechanisms, Consequences for Selection, and Link to Gene Function
Authors: Karel Janko, Oldřich Bartoš, Jan Kočí, Jan Roslein, Edita Janková Drdová, Jan Kotusz, Jan Eisner, Martin Mokrejš, Eva Štefková-Kašparová
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Hybridization and genome duplication have played crucial roles in the evolution of many animal and plant taxa. The subgenomes of parental species undergo considerable changes in hybrids and polyploids, which often selectively eliminate segments of one subgenome. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood, particularly when the hybridization is linked with asexual reproduction that opens up unexpected evolutionary pathways. To elucidate this problem, we compared published cytogenetic and RNAseq data with exome sequences of asexual diploid and polyploid hybrids between three fish species; Cobitis elongatoides, C. taenia, and C. tanaitica. Clonal genomes remained generally static at chromosome-scale levels but their heterozygosity gradually deteriorated at the level of individual genes owing to allelic deletions and conversions. Interestingly, the impact of both processes varies among animals and genomic regions depending on ploidy level and the properties of affected genes. Namely, polyploids were more tolerant to deletions than diploid asexuals where conversions prevailed, and genomic restructuring events accumulated preferentially in genes characterized by high transcription levels and GC-content, strong purifying selection and specific functions like interacting with intracellular membranes. Although hybrids were phenotypically more similar to C. taenia, we found that they preferentially retained C. elongatoides alleles. This demonstrates that favored subgenome is not necessarily the transcriptionally dominant one. This study demonstrated that subgenomes in asexual hybrids and polyploids evolve under a complex interplay of selection and several molecular mechanisms whose efficiency depends on the organism's ploidy level, as well as functional properties and parental ancestry of the genomic region.
Assessment of the Change of a Continuous Variable as a Function of its Initial Value
Authors: Christian Funck-Brentano
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for first-line treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer (KEYNOTE-590): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study
Authors: Jong-Mu Sun, Lin Shen, Manish A Shah, Peter Enzinger, Antoine Adenis, Toshihiko Doi, Takashi Kojima, Jean-Philippe Metges, Zhigang Li, Sung-Bae Kim, Byoung Chul Cho, Wasat Mansoor, Shau-Hsuan Li, Patrapim Sunpaweravong, Maria Alsina Maqueda, Eray Goekkurt, Hiroki Hara, Luis Antunes, Christos Fountzilas, Akihito Tsuji, Victor Castro Oliden, Qi Liu, Sukrut Shah, Pooja Bhagia, Ken Kato
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
Trends in Differences in Health Status and Health Care Access and Affordability by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 1999-2018
Authors: Shiwani Mahajan, César Caraballo, Yuan Lu, Javier Valero-Elizondo, Daisy Massey, Amarnath R. Annapureddy, Brita Roy, Carley Riley, Karthik Murugiah, Oyere Onuma, Marcella Nunez-Smith, Howard P. Forman, Khurram Nasir, Jeph Herrin, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (2021)

The elimination of racial and ethnic differences in health status and health care access is a US goal, but it is unclear whether the country has made progress over the last 2 decades.To determine 20-year trends in the racial and ethnic differences in self-reported measures of health status and health care access and affordability among adults in the US.Serial cross-sectional study of National Health Interview Survey data, 1999-2018, that included 596 355 adults.Self-reported race, ethnicity, and income level.Rates and racial and ethnic differences in self-reported health status and health care access and affordability.The study included 596 355 adults (mean [SE] age, 46.2 [0.07] years, 51.8% [SE, 0.10] women), of whom 4.7% were Asian, 11.8% were Black, 13.8% were Latino/Hispanic, and 69.7% were White. The estimated percentages of people with low income were 28.2%, 46.1%, 51.5%, and 23.9% among Asian, Black, Latino/Hispanic, and White individuals, respectively. Black individuals with low income had the highest estimated prevalence of poor or fair health status (29.1% [95% CI, 26.5%-31.7%] in 1999 and 24.9% [95% CI, 21.8%-28.3%] in 2018), while White individuals with middle and high income had the lowest (6.4% [95% CI, 5.9%-6.8%] in 1999 and 6.3% [95% CI, 5.8%-6.7%] in 2018). Black individuals had a significantly higher estimated prevalence of poor or fair health status than White individuals in 1999, regardless of income strata (P < .001 for the overall and low-income groups; P = .03 for middle and high-income group). From 1999 to 2018, racial and ethnic gaps in poor or fair health status did not change significantly, with or without income stratification, except for a significant decrease in the difference between White and Black individuals with low income (-6.7 percentage points [95% CI, -11.3 to -2.0]; P = .005); the difference in 2018 was no longer statistically significant (P = .13). Black and White individuals had the highest levels of self-reported functional limitations, which increased significantly among all groups over time. There were significant reductions in the racial and ethnic differences in some self-reported measures of health care access, but not affordability, with and without income stratification.In a serial cross-sectional survey study of US adults from 1999 to 2018, racial and ethnic differences in self-reported health status, access, and affordability improved in some subgroups, but largely persisted.
Tirzepatide Safely Reduces Blood Glucose, Weight in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DT03: Diversifying educational resources during the COVID‐19 pandemic: delivering educational dermatology podcasts and webinars for healthcare professionals
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

fulfilment, driven by opportunities for reflection, supervision and staffing levels, tended to drive identity transitions.Redeployment has a strong impact on dermatology trainee professional identity and may lead to reaffirmation of prior tribal values or disorienting reflection upon future career trajectories.Improved support for community transition, reduction of uncertainty and fostering a sense of purpose among trainees may aid identity enrichment and safeguard the future dermatology consultant workforce.
Localization of enteroviral RNA within the pancreas in donors with T1D and T1D-associated autoantibodies
Authors: Shirin Geravandi, Sarah Richardson, Alberto Pugliese, Kathrin Maedler
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)

Enteroviral infections have been associated with autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D), but reliable methods to ascertain localization of single infected cells in the pancreas were missing. Using a single-molecule-based fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) method, we detected increased virus infection in pancreases from organ donors with T1D and with disease-associated autoantibodies (AAb+).Although virus-positive β cells are found at higher frequency in T1D pancreases, compared to control donors, but are scarce, most virus-positive cells are scattered in the exocrine pancreas. Augmented CD45+ lymphocytes in T1D pancreases show virus positivity or localization in close proximity to virus-positive cells. Many more infected cells were also found in spleens from T1D donors.The overall increased proportion of virus-positive cells in the pancreas of AAb+ and T1D organ donors suggests that enteroviruses are associated with immune cell infiltration, autoimmunity, and β cell destruction in both preclinical and diagnosed T1D.
Assessing pulmonary hypertension severity in lung disease is a key step to improving outcomes: embrace resistance and don't be pressurised to go with the flow
Authors: David G. Kiely, Robin Condliffe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>In patients with lung disease and pulmonary hypertension, measures of resistance (pulmonary vascular resistance) and not flow (cardiac index) should be used to assess for severe pulmonary hypertension</b>https://bit.ly/3xaL0mk
27480 Effect of apremilast on quality of life, pruritus, and psoriasis in special areas after 52 weeks of therapy in biologic-naive patients with moderate plaque psoriasis who did not achieve a PASI-75 response: Real-world, prospective study in Greece –APRAISAL
Authors: Markos Papakonstantis, Elizabeth Lazaridou, Ourania Neofotistou, Georgios Anastasiadis, Christina Kalinou, Panteleimon Aronis, Anastasia Protopapa, Ioanna Lefaki, Konstantinos Krasagakis, Theofanis Spiliopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Validation of the Association of Oral Corticosteroid Bursts With Adverse Events in Children
Authors: Po-Chen Lin, James Cheng-Chung Wei
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

To the Editor We read with interest the article by Yao et al,1 which reported an association between oral corticosteroid bursts and increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, sepsis, and pneumonia in children. We would like to discuss some potential issues that were not addressed in this study.
Immunochemotherapy as First-line Treatment for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Squamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers
Authors: Shujie Huang, Zhen Gao, Guibin Qiao
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

To the Editor We read with great interest the article by Wang et al.1 The results from the RATIONALE 307 phase 3 randomized clinical trial strengthened the evidence for immunochemotherapy as first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic squamous non–small cell lung cancers.
Fates of Sec, Tat, and YidC Translocases in Mitochondria and Other Eukaryotic Compartments
Authors: Markéta Petrů, Vít Dohnálek, Zoltán Füssy, Pavel Doležal
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Abstract Formation of mitochondria by the conversion of a bacterial endosymbiont was a key moment in the evolution of eukaryotes. It was made possible by outsourcing the endosymbiont’s genetic control to the host nucleus, while developing the import machinery for proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. The original protein export machines of the nascent organelle remained to be repurposed or were completely abandoned. This review follows the evolutionary fates of three prokaryotic inner membrane translocases Sec, Tat, and YidC. Homologs of all three translocases can still be found in current mitochondria, but with different importance for mitochondrial function. Although the mitochondrial YidC homolog, Oxa1, became an omnipresent independent insertase, the other two remained only sporadically present in mitochondria. Only a single substrate is known for the mitochondrial Tat and no function has yet been assigned for the mitochondrial Sec. Finally, this review compares these ancestral mitochondrial proteins with their paralogs operating in the plastids and the endomembrane system.
The long-term sequelae of COVID-19: an international consensus on research priorities for patients with pre-existing and new-onset airways disease
Authors: Davies Adeloye, Omer Elneima, Luke Daines, Krisnah Poinasamy, Jennifer K Quint, Samantha Walker, Chris E Brightling, Salman Siddiqui, John R Hurst, James D Chalmers, Paul E Pfeffer, Petr Novotny, Thomas M Drake, Liam G Heaney, Igor Rudan, Aziz Sheikh, Anthony De Soyza, Davies Adeloye, Omer Elneima, Luke Daines, Krisnah Poinasamy, Jennifer K Quint, Samantha Walker, Chris E Brightling, Salman Siddiqui, John R Hurst, James D Chalmers, Paul E Pfeffer, Petr Novotny, Thomas M Drake, Mohammad Abdollahi, Dhiraj Agarwal, Riyad Al-Lehebi, Peter J Barnes, Jagadeesh Bayry, Marcel Bonay, Louis J Bont, Arnaud Bourdin, Thomas Brown, Gaetano Caramori, Amy Hai Yan Chan, David H Dockrell, Simon Doe, Jamie Duckers, Anthony D'Urzo, Magnus Ekström, Cristóbal Esteban, Catherine M Greene, Atul Gupta, Jennifer L Ingram, Ee Ming Khoo, Fanny Wai San Ko, Gerard H Koppelman, Brian J Lipworth, Karin Lisspers, Michael Loebinger, Jose Luis Lopez-Campos, Matthew Maddocks, David Mannino, Miguel A Martinez-Garcia, Renae Mcnamara, Marc Miravitlles, Pisirai Ndarukwa, Alison Pooler, Chin Kook Rhee, Peter Schwarz, Dominick Shaw, Michael Steiner, Andrew Tai, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Paul Walker, Michelle C Williams, Liam G Heaney, Igor Rudan, Aziz Sheikh, Anthony De Soyza
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)
JAML promotes CD8 and γδ T cell antitumor immunity and is a novel target for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Joseph M. McGraw, Flavian Thelen, Eric N. Hampton, Nelson E. Bruno, Travis S. Young, Wendy L. Havran, Deborah A. Witherden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

T cells are critical mediators of antitumor immunity and a major target for cancer immunotherapy. Antibody blockade of inhibitory receptors such as PD-1 can partially restore the activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). However, the activation signals required to promote TIL responses are less well characterized. Here we show that the antitumor activity of CD8 and γδ TIL is supported by interactions between junctional adhesion molecule–like protein (JAML) on T cells and its ligand coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CXADR) within tumor tissue. Loss of JAML through knockout in mice resulted in accelerated tumor growth that was associated with an impaired γδ TIL response and increased CD8 TIL dysfunction. In mouse tumor models, therapeutic treatment with an agonistic anti-JAML antibody inhibited tumor growth, improved γδ TIL activation, decreased markers of CD8 TIL dysfunction, and significantly improved response to anti–PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Thus, JAML represents a novel therapeutic target to enhance both CD8 and γδ TIL immunity.