tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mobile app and wearable sensor-based patient and caregiver physical function and reported outcomes: A survey on oncologists’ current practices and preferences on data delivery.
Authors: Elad Neeman, Ai Kubo, Elaine Kurtovich, Sara Aghaee, Maya Ramsey, Reem Yunis, Tatjana Kolevska, Raymond Liu, Ingrid Oakley-Girvan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

174 Background: Patient-reported outcomes and wearable sensor measures of physical function can predict important outcomes in oncology. However, mobile and wearable-sensor apps collect vast information from patients and caregivers; indiscriminate reporting may increase provider burden and reduce data reliance. This study aimed to assess medical oncologists’ current practices in utilizing such information, and their data delivery preferences. Methods: Cross-sectional survey delivered by email to all Kaiser Permanente Northern California medical oncologists, February-March 2021. Results: Thirty-eight oncologists (30% of 127) responded to the survey. Most agreed that to reduce adverse events (AEs) it is important for the oncologist to know about the following measures: 1) patient/caregiver-reported physical symptoms (92% responded either very important or essential); 2) patient/caregiver-reported physical function (87%); and 3) objective measures of gait/balance (55%) and physical activity (50%) obtained from wearable sensors. Similarly, most respondents strongly consider these data when making decisions related to treatment intent, dosage, or visit frequency. All respondents routinely rely on information from caregivers, and in case of a discrepancy, more rely on the caregiver’s report (45%) than the patient’s report (8%), and some seek additional objective information (26%). Most respondents indicated that they prefer to receive electronic information on physical function and symptoms only for “critical values” and/or to have the information accessible “as needed” in the electronic chart, but not actively delivered to them (Table). Conclusions: Oncologists believe that patient/caregiver reports of symptoms and physical function can predict AEs, and strongly rely on them in clinical decision making. The majority of respondents would like to have access to physical function/symptoms data from mobile/wearable apps, with more providers wishing to receive information prior to a visit and/or in case of “critical values”. These findings may inform future implementations of mobile/wearable technologies to track symptoms and function of cancer patients.[Table: see text]
Medicare Part D spending for the 10 costliest oral anticancer drugs.
Authors: Kaitlyn McBride, Sophie Snyder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

52 Background: Novel oral targeted drugs are being used more frequently to treat many cancers and have substantially improved clinical and survival outcomes. Due to the long treatment durations of many of these medications, which are given continuously until patient progression, per-patient lifetime costs can be high. This study aimed to identify the ten oral anticancer therapies with the highest annual Medicare Part D spending. Methods: Descriptive statistics were performed on data obtained from the CMS Medicare Part D Drug Spending Dashboard and IBM Micromedex RED BOOK, from 2018-2019. Medicare Part D dashboard includes total and average drug spending, and number of beneficiaries utilizing the drug. RED BOOK provides current and historical average wholesale pricing (AWP) data for all prescription drugs. The wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) was calculated from the AWP to evaluate trends in price. We identified the ten anticancer brand-name medications in 2019 with the highest annual Part D spending and reported changes in average spending and number of unique beneficiaries for each drug from 2018-2019. Results: In 2019, Revlimid had the highest annual total Part D spending at $4.6 billion, followed by Imbruvica with $2.4 billion; these drugs also had the greatest number of beneficiary utilizers. From 2018-2019, change in average spending per dosage unit was greatest for Zytiga (34%), however among all drugs, average spending per beneficiary in 2019 was lowest for this medication ($58,074). From 2018-2019, WAC and average spending per dosage unit increased for all of the top ten drugs, as well as the number of total beneficiaries utilizing each drug, except for Zytiga and Sprycel. Conclusions: Oral anticancer therapies provide high value for patients, including improved quality of life and survival. Annual costs for these drugs are high, however spending on inpatient hospital services remains a greater share of total Medicare spending in aggregate and on a per beneficiary basis. Emerging one-time curative treatments for cancer may prove most cost-effective in the long-term by eliminating the need for continuous medication use and hospital care, while improving patient outcomes.[Table: see text]
Abstract 15485: Impaired Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Aboriginal Australians - Implications for Elevated Cardiovascular Risk in Indigenous Populations
Authors: Kohei Takata, MyNgan Duong, Tomer Shemesh, Susan W Kim, Jasmine G Lyons, Samuel L Sidharta, Belinda A Di Bartolo, Alex Brown, Stephen J Nicholls
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: The indigenous Australian population is characterized by elevated cardiovascular risk and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Functional measures of HDL have not...
Use of a Smartphone Camera at the Bedside to Assess Adequacy of Kidney Biopsies
Authors: Gurmukteshwar Singh, Mark Massak, Michael Czaplicki, Evan Young, Shree Sharma, Alex Chang, Ashok Bhanushali, Prince Anand
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Kidney biopsies are the gold standard for diagnosis in evaluating native and transplanted kidney disorders. Obtaining adequate tissue samples is vital. Although the number of glomeruli required to make a diagnosis is variable, obtaining 15–20 glomeruli is widely considered adequate. Traditionally
Ruxolitinib in CMML: A Case Study of Innovative Trial Design in a Rare Cancer
Authors: Aditi Shastri, Diego A. Adrianzen-Herrera
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Alternative statistical designs cannot fully mitigate the limitations of traditional clinical trials in rare cancers. Creative study designs that integrate early clinical data and correlative outcomes from concomitant translational and laboratory models to evaluate the efficacy of druggable targets can potentially expedite access to novel therapies for these patients. See related article by Hunter et al., p. 6095
Incident Major Depressive Disorder Predicted by Three Measures of Insulin Resistance: A Dutch Cohort Study
Authors: Kathleen T. Watson, Julia F. Simard, Victor W. Henderson, Lexi Nutkiewicz, Femke Lamers, Carla Nasca, Natalie Rasgon, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2021)

Major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Yet, there remain significant challenges in predicting new cases of major depression and devising strategies to prevent the disorder. An important first step in this process is identifying risk factors for the incidence of major depression. There is accumulating biological evidence linking insulin resistance, another highly prevalent condition, and depressive disorders. The objectives of this study were to examine whether three surrogate measures of insulin resistance (high triglyceride-HDL [high-density lipoprotein] ratio; prediabetes, as indicated by fasting plasma glucose level; and high central adiposity, as measured by waist circumference) at the time of study enrollment were associated with an increased rate of incident major depressive disorder over a 9-year follow-up period and to assess whether the new onset of these surrogate measures during the first 2 years after study enrollment was predictive of incident major depressive disorder during the subsequent follow-up period.The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) is a multisite longitudinal study of the course and consequences of depressive and anxiety disorders in adults. The study population comprised 601 NESDA participants (18-65 years old) without a lifetime history of depression or anxiety disorders. The study's outcome was incident major depressive disorder, defined using DSM-IV criteria. Exposure measures included triglyceride-HDL ratio, fasting plasma glucose level, and waist circumference.Fourteen percent of the sample developed major depressive disorder during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models indicated that higher triglyceride-HDL ratio was positively associated with an increased risk for incident major depression (hazard ratio=1.89, 95% CI=1.15, 3.11), as were higher fasting plasma glucose levels (hazard ratio=1.37, 95% CI=1.05, 1.77) and higher waist circumference (hazard ratio=1.11 95% CI=1.01, 1.21). The development of prediabetes in the 2-year period after study enrollment was positively associated with incident major depressive disorder (hazard ratio=2.66, 95% CI=1.13, 6.27). The development of high triglyceride-HDL ratio and high central adiposity (cut-point ≥100 cm) in the same period was not associated with incident major depression.Three surrogate measures of insulin resistance positively predicted incident major depressive disorder in a 9-year follow-up period among adults with no history of depression or anxiety disorder. In addition, the development of prediabetes between enrollment and the 2-year study visit was positively associated with incident major depressive disorder. These findings may have utility for evaluating the risk for the development of major depression among patients with insulin resistance or metabolic pathology.
Misidentification of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the Cepheid Xpert MRSA NxG assay, the Netherlands, February to March 2021
Authors: Artur J Sabat, Erik Bathoorn, Monika A Chlebowicz-Fliss, Viktoria Akkerboom, Inge Kamphuis, Claudy Oliveira dos Santos, Alexander W Friedrich
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2021)

We describe two false-negative results in the detection of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of sequence type 398 and spa type t011 using the Cepheid Xpert MRSA NxG assay. The isolates were recovered in late February and early March 2021 from two patients in different hospitals in the northern Netherlands. Variations between the two isolate genomes indicate that this MRSA strain might have been spreading for some time and could have disseminated to other regions of the Netherlands and other European countries.
Postbiotics — when simplification fails to clarify
Authors: José Eleazar Aguilar-Toalá, Stefania Arioli, Pradip Behare, Clara Belzer, Roberto Berni Canani, Jean-Marc Chatel, Enza D’Auria, Mônica Queiroz de Freitas, Eran Elinav, Erick Almeida Esmerino, Hugo S. García, Adriano Gomes da Cruz, Aarón F. González-Córdova, Simone Guglielmetti, Jonas de Toledo Guimarães, Adrián Hernández-Mendoza, Philippe Langella, Andrea M. Liceaga, Marciane Magnani, Rebeca Martin, Mohammad Tamrin Mohamad Lal, Diego Mora, Mehran Moradi, Lorenzo Morelli, Fabio Mosca, Filomena Nazzaro, Tatiana Colombo Pimentel, Chao Ran, Chaminda Senaka Ranadheera, Maria Rescigno, Azucena Salas, Anderson S. Sant’Ana, Katia Sivieri, Harry Sokol, Valentina Taverniti, Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba, Jaroslav Zelenka, Zhigang Zhou
Journal: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (2021)
Endoscopic cutting-wave biopsy for submucosal tumors smaller than 20 mm
Authors: Shintaro Tominaga, Makoto Kobayashi, Akihiro Maruyama, Motoyoshi Yano
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is widely used for pathological diagnosis of submucosal tumors; however, no diagnostic method has become established for small lesions (≤ 20 mm) [1]. Boring biopsies have been performed for a long time, but when the tumor is small and hard, the forceps often slip and sufficient tissue cannot be collected. We devised a method called endoscopic cutting-wave biopsy for submucosal tumors (E-CWBS), which resects a portion of a tumor using hot biopsy forceps and cutting waves. We report here the results of E-CWBS followed by pathological examination in 15 cases of upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumor measuring less than 20 mm ([Fig. 1]; [Video 1]).
Abstract 18303: Impact of Financial Barriers on Aspirin Use in Diabetic Adults with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Puja B Parikh, Kunchok Dorjee, Roopali Parikh, Hongdao Meng, David L Brown
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Regular aspirin use results in a marked reduction in adverse cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and documented coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to describe the cl...
Increasing phagocytosis of microglia by targeting CD33 with liposomes displaying glycan ligands
Authors: Abhishek Bhattacherjee, Gour C. Daskhan, Arjun Bains, Adrianne E.S. Watson, Ghazaleh Eskandari-Sedighi, Chris D. St. Laurent, Anastassia Voronova, Matthew S. Macauley
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2021)
Tumor-targeted/reduction-triggered composite multifunctional nanoparticles for breast cancer chemo-photothermal combinational therapy
Authors: Yun Yang, Danrong Hu, Yi Lu, Bingyang Chu, Xinlong He, Yu Chen, Yao Xiao, Chengli Yang, Kai Zhou, Liping Yuan, Zhiyong Qian
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)
OS02.4.A Molecular characterization of adult cerebellar glioblastomas identifies distinct prognosis subgroups
Authors: T Picart, D Poncet, M Barritault, J Pallud, P Metellus, S Zouaoui, L Bauchet, J Guyotat, M Gabut, J Honnorat, F Ducray, D Meyronet
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Adult cerebellar glioblastomas (cGBM) are very rare and recent studies have shown that they constitute a heterogeneous group of gliomas. The aim of the present study was to characterize the prevalence and prognostic significance of major driver molecular alterations in a large series of cGBM. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adults with histologically proven cGBM diagnosed between 2003 and 2017 were identified from the French brain tumor database and the Club de Neuro-Oncologie of the Société Française de Neurochirurgie. Tumors were reviewed and reclassified according to WHO 2016. Targeted sequencing was performed, including determination of H3F3A, TERTp, IDH1/2, FGFR1, BRAF and EGFR status. RESULTS A total of 83 adult patients (median age 57 years) with cGBM (hemispheric n= 47, vermian n=14 or both n=22) were identified. Median overall survival was 10 months. Main molecular alterations observed were TERT promoter, H3F3A K27M, hotspot FGFR1 (N546 and K656), BRAF mutations, EGFR amplification and ATRX loss of expression in 19.2%, 18.8%, 10.9%, 2.6%, 19.5% and 22.7% of patients, respectively. cGBM could be classified into 6 mutually exclusive subgroups associated with age at diagnosis and prognosis: pTERT and/or EGFR amplified tumors (n=22, 26.5%, median age = 62 years, median OS = 4 months), H3K27M-mutant tumors (n=15, 18.1%, median age = 48 years, median OS =8 months), tumors with MAPK pathway activating mutations (FGFR1, BRAF) or occurring in NF1 patients (n=15, 18.1%, median age = 41 years, median OS = 57 months), radiation-induced tumors (n=5, 6%, median age = 47 years, median OS = 5 months), IDH-mutant tumors (n=1) and unclassified tumors (n=25, 30.1%, median age = 63 years, median OS = 17 months). In multivariate analysis, MAPK activating mutations and ATRX loss of expression were independently associated with a better outcome and pTERT/EGFR alterations with a worse outcome. CONCLUSION About 18% of tumors diagnosed as cGBM harbor actionable MAPK activating genetic alterations. Targeted sequencing enables to classify these tumors into clinically relevant subgroups.
P11.03 Sleep analysis of accelerometer data from High Grade Glioma patients in the BrainWear study
Authors: M George, S Dadhania, M Williams
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is a common symptom in patients with high grade glioma (HGG). Existing self-reported and uni-dimensional data from questionnaires are of limited value. The observational phase 2 trial, BrainWear (ISRCTN 34351424) provides the first objective analysis of sleep in HGG patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with HGG were asked to wear an AX3 Axivity tri-axial accelerometer throughout treatment. The study employed a wear-as-long-as-possible approach to accelerometry data collection, and we used age-sex matched controls from the UK Biobank as comparators. Baseline was established as a 7 day period of wear prior to surgery or at least 7 days post-surgery. The dataset for this analysis consists of 21 patients with data at baseline and 15 patients during chemo-radiation. Only 16 of the 21 HGG patients at baseline were included for initial comparisons with healthy controls due to age limitations of the UK Biobank cohort for matching. Raw accelerometer data was processed using the GGIR package, with non-imputation of missing data, exclusion of days with &amp;lt;16 hours of wear time and removal of algorithm-identified problematic data. Mann-Whitney U-tests and unpaired T-tests were used to compare 7 sleep-related features between HGG patients and healthy controls at baseline, with choice of statistical test based on shapiro-wilk derived normality. Secondly, to assess changes in sleep in HGG patients across treatment period, K-means clustering of 5 sleep parameters, available longitudinally, was conducted to explore sleep behaviours at baseline (n = 21) and during chemo-radiation. RESULTS HGG patients (n = 16) exhibited greater daytime inactivity than healthy controls (n = 32) (p &amp;lt; 0.0001, 2.2 vs 0.5 hrs) and more variation in their 24 hour activity rhythm from day to day (p &amp;lt; 0.0001, 0.12 vs 0.18). We identified 5 sleep features which allowed us to cluster patients’ sleep behaviour, and most (62.5%) of HGG patients have a poor sleep profile. This sleep profile was characterised by an average of 5.4 hours of night-time sleep, 2.1 hours of daytime inactivity and disturbed sleep quality. However, evaluation of HGG patient sleep cluster designation at baseline and during chemoradiation, showed HGG patients with data at both timepoints (n = 9) demonstrate stability or improvement in sleep profile. CONCLUSION Patients with HGG have objective evidence of poor sleep compared to healthy matched controls. Further work will explore changes in sleep over time.
Phase Ib Dose Expansion and Translational Analyses of Olaparib in Combination with Capivasertib in Recurrent Endometrial, Triple-Negative Breast, and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Shannon N. Westin, Marilyne Labrie, Jennifer K. Litton, Aurora Blucher, Yong Fang, Christopher P. Vellano, Joseph R. Marszalek, Ningping Feng, XiaoYan Ma, Allison Creason, Bryan Fellman, Ying Yuan, Sanghoon Lee, Tae-Beom Kim, Jinsong Liu, Anca Chelariu-Raicu, Tsun Hsuan Chen, Nashwa Kabil, Pamela T. Soliman, Michael Frumovitz, Katheleen M. Schmeler, Amir Jazaeri, Karen H. Lu, Rashmi Murthy, Larissa A. Meyer, Charlotte C. Sun, Anil K. Sood, Robert L. Coleman, Gordon B. Mills
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

On the basis of strong preclinical rationale, we sought to confirm recommended phase II dose (RP2D) for olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, combined with the AKT inhibitor capivasertib and assess molecular markers of response and resistance.We performed a safety lead-in followed by expansion in endometrial, triple-negative breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer. Olaparib 300 mg orally twice daily and capivasertib orally twice daily on a 4-day on 3-day off schedule was evaluated. Two dose levels (DL) of capivasertib were planned: 400 mg (DL1) and 320 mg (DL-1). Patients underwent biopsies at baseline and 28 days.A total of 38 patients were enrolled. Seven (18%) had germline BRCA1/2 mutations. The first 2 patients on DL1 experienced dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of diarrhea and vomiting. No DLTs were observed on DL-1 (n = 6); therefore, DL1 was reexplored (n = 6) with no DLTs, confirming DL1 as RP2D. Most common treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events were anemia (23.7%) and leukopenia (10.5%). Of 32 evaluable subjects, 6 (19%) had partial response (PR); PR rate was 44.4% in endometrial cancer. Seven (22%) additional patients had stable disease greater than 4 months. Tumor analysis demonstrated strong correlations between response and immune activity, cell-cycle alterations, and DNA damage response. Therapy resistance was associated with receptor tyrosine kinase and RAS-MAPK pathway activity, metabolism, and epigenetics.The combination of olaparib and capivasertib is associated to no serious adverse events and demonstrates durable activity in ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancers, with promising responses in endometrial cancer. Importantly, tumor samples acquired pre- and on-therapy can help predict patient benefit.
Covid-19: Study that claimed boys are at increased risk of myocarditis after vaccination is deeply flawed, say critics
Authors: Clara Munro
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19: Study that claimed boys are at increased risk of myocarditis after vaccination is deeply flawed, say critics Clara MunroThe risk of 12-15 year old healthy boys experiencing cardiac adverse events such as myocarditis after their second dose of the Pfizer and BioNTech vaccine is around four times adolescents' risk of being admitted to hospital as a result of infection with SARS-CoV-2, a preprint study has found. 1 However, the study has been widely criticised for mining data from an inappropriate source to deliver an antivaccine message, despite warnings against such data uses.The retrospective study, which has not yet been peer reviewed, used the US vaccine adverse reporting system (VAERS) to identify the rate of post-vaccination myocarditis among 12-15 and 16-17 year olds between January and June 2021 after the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.The researchers concluded that the rate of cardiac adverse events after the second dose exceeded the expected rate of 120 day covid-19 hospital admission at both a moderate (August 2021) and a high (January 2021) incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.They estimated that the rate of cardiac myocarditis after the second dose of the vaccine was 162.2 cases per million in healthy boys aged 12-15 years and 94.0 per million in those aged 16-17.For girls the rate was 13 per million in 12-15 year olds and 13.4 per million in 16-17 year olds.Nearly all (86%) of the boys affected needed some form of hospital care, the authors said.By comparison, at current infection rates the risk of a healthy adolescent being admitted to hospital within 120 days of infection in the US is estimated to be 44 per million.
Detection of additional occult malignancy through profiling of ctDNA in late-stage cancer patients
Authors: M Aldea, L Cerbone, A Bayle, C Parisi, C Sarkozy, D Vasseur, L Verlingue, F Blanc-Durand, F Mosele, M Sakkal, S Ponce, P Lavaud, Y Loriot, A Hollebecque, C Massard, J-C Soria, L Lacroix, E Rouleau, A Italiano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)