tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Guidance for Type 1 Diabetes Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use During Exercise
Authors: Mary Chris Jaklevic
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mesoporous bioactive glass composition effects on degradation and bioactivity
Authors: M. Schumacher, P. Habibovic, S. van Rijt
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) are promising materials for regenerative medicine, due to their favorable properties including bioactivity and degradability. These key properties, but also their surface area, pore structure and pore volume are strongly dependent on synthesis parameters and glass stoichiometry. However, to date no systematic study on MBG properties covering a broad range of possible compositions exists. Here, 24 MBG compositions in the SiO2–CaO–P2O5 system were synthesized by varying SiO2 (60–90 mol %), CaO and P2O5 content (both 0 to 40 mol-%), while other synthesis parameters were kept constant. Mesopore characteristics, degradability and bioactivity were analysed. The results showed that, within the tested range of compositions, mesopore formation required a molar SiO2 content above 60% but was independent of CaO and P2O5 content. While mesopore size did not depend on glass stoichiometry, mesopore arrangement was influenced by the SiO2 content. Specific surface area and pore volume were slightly altered by the SiO2 content. All materials were degradable; however, degradation as well as bioactivity, i.e. the ability to form a CaP mineral on the surface, depended on stoichiometry. Major differences were found in early surface reactions in simulated body fluid: where some MBGs induced direct hydroxyapatite crystallization, high release of calcium in others resulted in calcite formation. In summary, degradation and bioactivity, both key parameters of MBGs, can be controlled by glass stoichiometry over a broad range while leaving the unique structural parameters of MBGs relatively unaffected. This allows targeted selection of material compositions for specific regenerative medicine applications.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shivani Agarwal, Justin Mathew, Georgia M. Davis, Alethea Shephardson, Ann Levine, Rita Louard, Agustina Urrutia, Citlalli Perez-Guzman, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Limin Peng, Francisco J. Pasquel
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) in critically ill hospitalized patients holds promise; however, real-world data are needed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We placed Dexcom G6 CGM on intensive care unit (ICU) patients at Montefiore Medical Center with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and glycemic variability. We analyzed inpatient CGM accuracy using point-of-care (POC) glucose–CGM matched pairs and included patients for analysis regardless of clinical status. RESULTS We included 11 patients with CGM: 8 on continuous insulin infusion (CII), 8 on vasopressors, 8 intubated, 4 on high-dose glucocorticoids, 6 on renal replacement therapy, and 2 with anasarca. Accuracy was 12.58% for mean and 6.3% for median absolute relative difference. CGM reduced POC testing by ∼60% for patients on CII. CONCLUSIONS In this real-world preliminary analysis of rtCGM during critical illness, we demonstrate early feasibility, considerable accuracy, and meaningful reduction in the frequency of POC glucose testing.
High Fructose Drives the Serine Synthesis Pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemic Cells
Authors: Sangmoo Jeong, Angela Maria Savino, Rachel Chirayil, Ersilia Barin, Yuanming Cheng, Sun-Mi Park, Alexandra Schurer, Edouard Mullarky, Lewis C. Cantley, Michael G. Kharas, Kayvan R. Keshari
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2020)
Left Atrial Mechanics Associates With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Light-Chain Amyloidosis Following Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Graham Lohrmann, Monica Arun Patel, Dina Brauneis, Vaishali Sanchorawala, Shayna Sarosiek, Nirupama Vellanki, Omar K. Siddiqi, Frederick L. Ruberg, Deepa M. Gopal
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) during high-dose melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation (HDM/SCT) for light-chain (AL) amyloidosis confers significant morbidity. Traditional risk factors provide limited prediction for development of paroxysmal AF during this vulnerable period. We sought to assess the association of clinical and echocardiographic parameters, including left atrial (LA) mechanics and development of AF in patients undergoing HDM/SCT therapy. Baseline echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and electronic medical records were retrospectively assessed among patients with AL amyloidosis before HDM/SCT (n = 91). LA function analysis was performed using speckle-tracking echocardiography. In this study, 42 patients (46%) had cardiac involvement; in the peri-transplant period, 12 (13%) developed AF (7 with cardiac involvement). No significant differences in age, sex, cardiac biomarkers, or cardiac risk factors were seen between patients with and without development of AF; one-third of patients with AF peri-transplant had previous AF. Although LA reservoir strain was reduced in patients with development of AF, time to peak strain rate indexed to R-R interval (TPSRI) (p = 0.001) was prolonged in patients with development of AF compared with sinus rhythm patients in the total cohort but also in subgroups with and without cardiac involvement. TPSRI, a parameter of mechanical dispersion in the early reservoir phase of LA function, is associated with development of AF among patients undergoing HDM/SCT for AL amyloidosis. These findings require validation in larger prospective cohorts.
AKI in the Setting of COVID-19: Histopathologic and Ultrastructural Findings in Postmortem Kidney Biopsy
Authors: Pouneh Golmai, Christopher P. Larsen, Maria V. DeVita, Samuel J. Wahl, Astrid Weins, Helmut G. Rennke, Vanesa Bijol, Jordan L. Rosenstock
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Introduction: COVID-19 infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2)  SARS-CoV-2, using its Spike protein, interacts with angiotensin converting enzyme-II (ACE2) protein expressed in human kidneys  Upon internalization, host cells may go through pyroptosis, a process characterized by membranous pore formation, cytokine storm and cell death  We report light microscopy (LM), immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), and electron microscopy (EM) findings in renal biopsies of patients with COVID-19 to further understand the pathological process  Case Description: 10 patients were biopsied, age range 25-63 years  7 were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) via nasopharyngeal swab  3 patients were suspected, but PCR-negative  Common comorbidities include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity  Patients had AKI with elevated creatinine, range 1 2 to 13 48 mg/dL  Kidney ultrasound showed enlargement and increased echogenicity  Biopsies were performed 9 to 71 days from symptom onset of such as fever, cough, and diarrhea  Tissue was fixed in formalin and processed for LM  Fresh frozen tissue was utilized for IF  Tissue was fixed in paraformaldehyde and processed for EM  All had acute tubular injury and viral particles on EM (Figure)  Patients received supportive care  None required ventilation, but 4 required hemodialysis  Survival rate is 100% (8-12 weeks)  Discussion: Renal biopsies were evaluated in 7 confirmed and 3 suspected COVID-19 patients  Although PCR is the gold standard, it is known to have a 15% false negative rate  This may be due to low viral loads and antibody testing may be warranted in suspected PCR-negative patients  Coronavirus particles are reported to measure 50-200 nm, and SARS-CoV-2 50-140 nm  Viral particles were seen in all 10 patients  The particles are contained in vesicles or sacs, and can be found in podocytes, endothelial, and tubular epithelial cells  This may contribute to intrinsic injury resulting in AKI seen in patients
Epithelial expression and role of secreted STC1 on asthma airway hyperresponsiveness through calcium channel modulation
Authors: Jiayan Xu, Yaqi Meng, Man Jia, Jie Jiang, Yi Yang, Yingwei Ou, Yunhui Wu, Xiaoyi Yan, Mao Huang, Ian M. Adcock, Xin Yao
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Abstract Background Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and airway remodeling. Airway hyperresponsiveness results from enhanced airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction potentially under the control of an epithelium‐derived relaxing factor (EpDRF). However, relatively rare is known about EpDRF. We aimed to elucidate the role of epithelium‐derived stanniocalcin‐1 (STC1) on AHR and ASM contraction. Methods Stanniocalcin‐1 levels in the serum of asthmatic patients and healthy volunteers and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from ovalbumin (OVA)‐challenged mice were measured by ELISA. The effects of exogenous STC1 on AHR and on inflammation were examined in mice. IL‐13 modulation of STC1 mRNA and protein levels was studied in human bronchial epithelial cell lines (16HBE). The function of STC1 on Ca 2+ influx and ASM contraction was examined ex vivo . Results Serum STC1 was decreased in asthma ( n = 93) compared with healthy volunteers (1071 ± 30.4 vs 1414 ± 75.1 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.0001, n = 23) and correlated with asthma control ( p = 0.0270), lung function (FEV1, p = 0.0130), and serum IL‐13 levels ( p = 0.0009). Treatment of ten asthmatic subjects with inhaled corticosteroids/long‐acting beta2‐agonists (ICS/LABA) for 1 year enhanced STC1 expression which correlated with improved asthma control ( p = 0.022). STC1 was mainly expressed in bronchial epithelium and intranasal administration of recombinant human STC1 (rhSTC1) reduced AHR and inflammation in mice. IL‐13 suppressed STC1 release from 16HBE, whereas rhSTC1 blocked store‐operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) by suppressing stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and further inhibited ASM cell contractility by suppressing Ca 2+ ‐dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Conclusion Our data indicate that STC1 deficiency in asthmatic airways promotes STIM1 hyperactivity, enhanced ASM contraction, and AHR. STC1 may be a candidate EpDRF.
CD22-directed CAR T-cell therapy induces complete remissions in CD19-directed CAR–refractory large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: John H. Baird, Matthew J. Frank, Juliana Craig, Shabnum Patel, Jay Y. Spiegel, Bita Sahaf, Jean S. Oak, Sheren F. Younes, Michael G. Ozawa, Eric Yang, Yasodha Natkunam, John Tamaresis, Zachary Ehlinger, Warren D. Reynolds, Sally Arai, Laura Johnston, Robert Lowsky, Everett Meyer, Robert S. Negrin, Andrew R. Rezvani, Parveen Shiraz, Surbhi Sidana, Wen-Kai Weng, Kara L. Davis, Sneha Ramakrishna, Liora Schultz, Chelsea Mullins, Allison Jacob, Ilan Kirsch, Steven A. Feldman, Crystal L. Mackall, David B. Miklos, Lori Muffly
Journal: Blood (2020)
Hemodialysis Refractory Hyperkalemia in a Case of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Siddharth Mehta, Rohan Parikh, Shantanu Solanki, Jagmeet Singh, Rajvee Patel
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified virus that affects respiratory tract with varying severity  Renal disease is not uncommon, but the etiology is multifactorial and still not well understood  We present a case of hemodialysis refractory hyperkalemia in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection  Case Description: 56-year-old African American male with past medical history of hypertension presented with cough, dyspnea and fever  On admission, he had a temperature of 104F, BP of 149/90 mmHg, HR of 104 bpm, and oxygen saturation of 92%  Physical examination was remarkable for diminished and diffuse coarse breath sounds  Lab work-up showed serum creatinine of 2 99 mg/dl (baseline 1 19 mg/dl) with an estimated GFR of 26 ml/min  Urinalysis revealed protein > 500 mg/dl, RBC 25, and presence of coarse granular casts  Urine protein-creatinine ratio was 3 2  Serology was negative for ANA, ANCA, and anti-proteinase antibodies, as well as hepatitis and HIV panels  Serum C3 and C4 levels were within normal limits  Viral PCR of nasopharyngeal aspirate was positive for SARS- CoV-2  Home medications lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide were held on admission, and he was started on intravenous fluids, azithromycin, and hydroxychloroquine  On day 4, serum creatinine trended up to 3 29 mg/dl and potassium was 4 mmol/L but since the patient was oliguric, hemodialysis (HD) was started  Serum creatinine then trended to a high of 15 mg/dl, urea nitrogen to 102 mg/ dl and serum potassium level to 6 9 mmol/L despite multiple HD sessions  Meanwhile, his oxygen requirement also increased to 15L  After 10 days of daily HD sessions, serum potassium came down to 4 3 mmol/L but he ultimately required HD post discharge  Discussion: Previous literature has discussed SARS-CoV-2 association with effects on ACE2 of RAS and proximal tubular cells causing hypokalemia  To the best of our knowledge this would be the first documented case of hemodialysis refractory hyperkalemia seen with SARS-CoV-2 infection  One of the mechanisms for kidney injury is a direct viral induced cytopathic effect, which we believe held true for our patient  As viremia cleared, the kidney function improved though it did not return to baseline  In our case, development of hyperkalemia despite hemodialysis makes it more interesting, but it remains unclear how
Mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles rescue mitochondrial dysfunction and improve barrier integrity in clinically relevant models of ARDS
Authors: Johnatas Dutra Silva, Yue Su, Carolyn S. Calfee, Kevin L. Delucchi, Daniel Weiss, Danny F. McAuley, Cecilia O'Kane, Anna D. Krasnodembskaya
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Alveolar epithelial-capillary barrier disruption is a hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the compromised alveolar-capillary barrier in ARDS remains unclear. Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are considered as a cell-free therapy for ARDS. Mitochondrial transfer was shown to be important for the therapeutic effects of MSCs and MSC-EVs. Here we investigated the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the injury of alveolar epithelial and endothelial barriers in ARDS and the ability of MSC-EVs to modulate alveolar-capillary barrier integrity through mitochondrial transfer.Primary human small airway epithelial and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and human precision cut lung slices (PCLSs) were stimulated with endotoxin or plasma samples from patients with ARDS and treated with MSC-EVs, barrier properties and mitochondrial functions were evaluated. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injured mice were treated with MSC-EVs and degree of lung injury and mitochondrial respiration of the lung tissue were assessed.Inflammatory stimulation resulted in increased permeability coupled with pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction in both types of primary cells and PCLSs. Extracellular vesicles derived from normal MSCs restored barrier integrity and normal levels of oxidative phosphorylation while an extracellular vesicles preparation which did not contain mitochondria was not effective. In vivo, presence of mitochondria was critical for extracellular vesicles ability to reduce lung injury and restore mitochondrial respiration in the lung tissue.In the ARDS environment, MSC-EVs improve alveolar-capillary barrier properties through restoration of mitochondrial functions at least partially via mitochondrial transfer.
Abstract 12717: Endothelial Foxp1 Suppresses Neointimal Formation Through MMP-9 Signal Pathway
Authors: Tao Zhuang, Xiaoli Chen, Jie Liu, Jingjiang Pi, Yashu Kuang, Yanfang Wang, Lin Zhang, Yuzhen Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Rationale: Vascular endothelium is a gatekeeper of vessel health and plays an importance role in the pathogenesis of neointimal thickening. Foxp1, the predominant FoxP transcription factor in vascu...
A newly emerging HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF110_BC) comprising subtype B and C among intravenous drug users in Yunnan, China
Authors: Jianjian Li, Qinghua Gao, Mi Zhang, Jiafa Liu, Yuanyuan Jia, Yue Feng, Xueshan Xia, Xingqi Dong
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)
Differences in sport-related concussion for female and male athletes in comparable collegiate sports: a study from the NCAA-DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium
Authors: Christina L Master, Barry P Katz, Kristy B Arbogast, Michael A McCrea, Thomas W McAllister, Paul F Pasquina, Michelle Lapradd, Wenxian Zhou, Steven P Broglio
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

To examine sex differences in sport-related concussion (SRC) across comparable sports.Prospective cohort of collegiate athletes enrolled between 2014 and 2017 in the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium study.Among 1071 concussions (females=615; 57.4%), there was no difference in recovery (median days to full return to play) (females=13.5 (IQR 9.0, 23.1) vs males=11.8 (IQR 8.1, 19.0), p=0.96). In subgroup analyses, female recovery was longer in contact (females=12.7 days (IQR 8.8, 21.4) vs males=11.0 days (IQR 7.9, 16.2), p=0.0021), while male recovery was longer in limited contact sports (males=16.9 days (IQR 9.7, 101.7) vs females=13.8 days (IQR 9.1, 22.0), p<0.0001). There was no overall difference in recovery among Division I schools (females=13.7 (IQR 9.0, 23.1) vs males=12.2 (IQR 8.2 19.7), p=0.5), but females had longer recovery at the Division II/III levels (females=13.0 (IQR 9.2, 22.7) vs males=10.6 (IQR 8.1, 13.9), p=0.0048).Overall, no difference in recovery between sexes across comparable women's and men's sports in this collegiate cohort was found. However, females in contact and males in limited contact sports experienced longer recovery times, while females had longer recovery times at the Division II/III level. These disparate outcomes indicate that, while intrinsic biological sex differences in concussion recovery may exist, important, modifiable extrinsic factors may play a role in concussion outcomes.
Abstract 10197: Prognostic Factors in Heart Failure Patients With Cardiac Cachexia
Authors: Yu Sato, Akiomi Yoshihisa, Yu Hotsuki, Koichiro Watanabe, Yusuke Kimishima, Takatoyo Kiko, Yuki Kanno, Tetsuro Yokokawa, Satoshi Abe, Tomofumi Misaka, Takamasa Sato, Masayoshi Oikawa, Atsushi Kobayashi, Takayoshi Yamaki, Hiroyuki Kunii, Kazuhiko Nakazato, Takafumi Ishida, Yasuchika Takeishi
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Cardiac cachexia (CC) is a complex metabolic disorder, and is associated with worse prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). However, clinical characterstics and prognostic fact...
Case 40-2020: A 24-Year-Old Man with Headache and Covid-19
Authors: Howard M. Heller, R. Gilberto Gonzalez, Brian L. Edlow, Kevin L. Ard, Tasos Gogakos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A Man with Headache and Covid-19 A 24-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a 3-week history of headache and a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. MRI showed multiple small hyperintense foci...
COVID-19 and ‘basal’ exacerbation frequency in COPD
Authors: Daryl O Cheng, John R Hurst
Journal: Thorax (2020)

The 2020 coronavirus pandemic has been particularly difficult for people living with chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is associated with greater severity of COVID-19 infection and increased mortality.1 Interventions such as social distancing, face coverings, hand hygiene and closure of public spaces have been implemented across the world, although with significant local variations. It remains unclear whether patients with COPD have altered risk of acquiring COVID-19, and ‘shielding’ (maximum avoidance of interpersonal interaction for those at highest risk) was intended to limit this risk. However, shielding also significantly limits physical activity, social interactions and access to healthcare, all of which may adversely impact physical and mental health.2

Much of the morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs in COPD are related to exacerbations, and these events (especially hospitalisations) are considered by patients to be the most disruptive aspect of their disease.3 Most exacerbations are caused by respiratory viruses, especially rhinovirus. The widespread adoption of the interventions described above might, therefore, be expected to reduce the transmission of such viruses, not just coronavirus, and thereby reduce the incidence of COPD exacerbations (and the proportion of any remaining exacerbations that are attributable to viruses).

In this issue …
Novel targeted therapies of T cell lymphomas
Authors: Katarzyna Iżykowska, Karolina Rassek, Dorota Korsak, Grzegorz K. Przybylski
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2020)

Abstract T cell lymphomas (TCL) comprise a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) that often present at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and that most commonly have an aggressive clinical course. Treatment in the front-line setting is most often cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or CHOP-like regimens, which are effective in B cell lymphomas, but in TCL are associated with a high failure rate and frequent relapses. Furthermore, in contrast to B cell NHL, in which substantial clinical progress has been made with the introduction of monoclonal antibodies, no comparable advances have been seen in TCL. To change this situation and improve the prognosis in TCL, new gene-targeted therapies must be developed. This is now possible due to enormous progress that has been made in the last years in the understanding of the biology and molecular pathogenesis of TCL, which enables the implementation of the research findings in clinical practice. In this review, we present new therapies and current clinical and preclinical trials on targeted treatments for TCL using histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CARTs), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3Ki), anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors (ALKi), and antibiotics, used alone or in combinations. The recent clinical success of ALKi and conjugated anti-CD30 antibody (brentuximab-vedotin) suggests that novel therapies for TCL can significantly improve outcomes when properly targeted.
マウス胚におけるVE-カドヘリン、PECAM-1、Tie-2、エンドリン、CD34を発現する中胚葉前駆細胞からの原始的赤血球形成
Authors: Ema M, Yokomizo T, Wakamatsu A, Terunuma T, Yamamoto M, Takahashi S
Journal: Blood (2006)