tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P156: Achieving Diabetes Remission Through Lifestyle Intervention: Preliminary Results From A Scoping Review Of The Literature And Implications For Africa
Authors: M Grace Duhuze Karera, Annemarie Wentzel, Zoe Waldman, Arielle Patterson, Blayne R Schenk, Christopher W DuBose, Margrethe Horlyck-romanovsky, Anne E Sumner
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Africa is experiencing the most rapid rise of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the world. In addition, Africa has the highest proportion of undiagnosed cases. If people with T2D are undiagnosed, then complications progress, outcomes are poor, and social and financial costs escalate. Our goal with this review is to determine whether Life-Style Intervention (LSI) as primary treatment can lead to remission of T2D. LSI generally includes some combination of dietary change, weight loss, exercise, and counseling. If LSI alone leads to high rates of T2D remission, this will provide both the impetus and justification for investing scarce health care resources in programs which would convert undiagnosed T2D into diagnosed T2D. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and CINAHL were searched between September 1 st and September 13 th , 2021 for studies that assessed whether LSI, as the only treatment would lead to remission in either newly diagnosed or established T2D. Results: The search identified 1162 articles. After removal of duplicates (n=291), 871 are being screened for eligibility. To date, data have been extracted from 11 of the articles which met the inclusion criteria. None of the 11 studies were conducted in Africa. Three of the 11 studies reported on newly diagnosed T2D cases. All three were successful in achieving a high rate of T2D remission with LSI. Strategies which were successful in converting T2D to prediabetes included: (1) a caloric decrease of only 500 less than predicted maintenance; (2) a low carbohydrate diet; and (3) a 10% loss in baseline weight. Exercise and counseling regimens varied widely between the three trials. The eight articles which enrolled patients with known T2D focused largely on very low calorie diets and intensive psychologic support and counseling. Factors in these studies which were associated with success were: T2D duration less than 5 years, weight loss of &gt;10% in the first year, and higher insulin concentrations at baseline. Conclusion: Literature review, even if scant, will provide currently known best practices. They will help us move forward in the design of culturally sensitive lifestyle interventions that would be acceptable to African participants and economically attractive to government and health care agencies.
Primary Adrenal Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Jinxin Zhang, Weidong Gong, Wenwen Zhang, Chunyin Zhang, Guoxu Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Adrenal sarcomatoid carcinoma is extremely rare. A 53-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to pain in the upper right abdomen for 1 month. Abdominal CT revealed a huge mass in the right adrenal gland, and a malignancy was suspected. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed a mass in the right adrenal gland with intense FDG uptake. Finally, postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of adrenal sarcomatoid carcinoma.
Abstract P179: The Association Of A Genetic Risk Score With Prevalent Coronary Heart Disease In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Christina G Hutten, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Molly Scannell Bryan, Liana Preudhomme, Krista Perreira, Gregory Talavera, Sylvia W Smoller, Jiehuan Sun, Victoria W Persky, Tamar Sofer, Martha L Daviglus, Maria Argos
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death for the Hispanic/Latino population living in the United States (US). One way to reduce the burden of CHD is to target therapy and primary prevention in high-risk groups. Towards this end, a genetic risk score (GRS) constructed from 71 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been used in populations of European ancestry to identify those at higher risk for CHD events and who would benefit most from statin therapy. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate a 71-SNP GRS with prevalent CHD in the HCHS/SOL cohort. Methods: The HCHS/SOL is a prospective, multi-center, population-based study that enrolled 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults aged 18-74 years from four US communities in 2008-2011. Prevalent CHD was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed angina, myocardial infarction, bypass, angioplasty, stent placement or evidence of electrocardiographic abnormalities indicative of CHD. We leveraged genome-wide genotype data to assess the association between a 71-SNP GRS and prevalent CHD among 9030 HCHS/SOL participants with accessible genetic data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to derive odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between GRS and prevalent CHD, adjusted for sex, age, and the first 5 principal components and weighted to adjust for sampling probability and non-response. Stratified analysis was conducted to explore heterogeneity by Hispanic/Latino background group. Results: The 71-SNP GRS had a range of 43-87 risk alleles among participants. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, participants in the top quintile of the GRS had 1.42 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.82) higher odds of prevalent CHD than participants in the lower four quintiles combined. Stratified analyses showed stronger associations between the GRS and prevalent CHD by Hispanic/Latino background group, with the strongest associations observed among participants of Cuban (OR=1.86; 95%: 1.18-2.92) and Central American (OR=2.81; 95% CI: 1.28-6.17) backgrounds. Conclusion: Our findings show that a previously developed 71-SNP GRS is associated with prevalent CHD among Hispanic/Latino participants. These findings may have important implications for lessening future CHD health disparities among Hispanics/Latinos living in the US.
Selective Expansion of Alveolar Macrophages In Vivo by Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of the Murine Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor cDNA
Authors: Stefan Worgall, Ravi Singh, Philip L. Leopold, Robert J. Kaner, Neil R. Hackett, Norbert Topf, Malcolm A.S. Moore, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: Blood (1999)
Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the adult population during the pre-vaccination period, Norway, winter 2020/21
Authors: Erik Eik Anda, Tonje Braaten, Kristin Benjaminsen Borch, Therese Haugdahl Nøst, Sairah L F Chen, Marko Lukic, Eiliv Lund, Frode Forland, David A Leon, Brita Askeland Winje, Anne-Marte Bakken Kran, Mette Kalager, Fridtjof Lund Johansen, Torkjel M Sandanger
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

BackgroundSince March 2020, 440 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with COVID-19, but the true number of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is higher. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence can add crucial epidemiological information about population infection dynamics.AimTo provide a large population-based SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence survey from Norway; we estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence before introduction of vaccines and described its distribution across demographic groups.MethodsIn this population-based cross-sectional study, a total of 110,000 people aged 16 years or older were randomly selected during November-December 2020 and invited to complete a questionnaire and provide a dried blood spot (DBS) sample.ResultsThe response rate was 30% (31,458/104,637); compliance rate for return of DBS samples was 88% (27,700/31,458). National weighted and adjusted seroprevalence was 0.9% (95% CI (confidence interval): 0.7-1.0). Seroprevalence was highest among those aged 16-19 years (1.9%; 95% CI: 0.9-2.9), those born outside the Nordic countries 1.4% (95% CI: 1.0-1.9), and in the counties of Oslo 1.7% (95% CI: 1.2-2.2) and Vestland 1.4% (95% CI: 0.9-1.8). The ratio of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (0.9%) to cumulative incidence of virologically detected cases by mid-December 2020 (0.8%) was slightly above one. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low before introduction of vaccines in Norway and was comparable to virologically detected cases, indicating that most cases in the first 10 months of the pandemic were detected.ConclusionFindings suggest that preventive measures including contact tracing have been effective, people complied with physical distancing recommendations, and local efforts to contain outbreaks have been essential.
Abstract EP59: Duration Of Cannabis Exposure Is Associated With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Scott Winsor, Daniel McNavish, Travis Skipina, Elsayed Z Soliman
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance in the U.S. Observational studies have shown an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, little evidence is available describing how duration of cumulative exposure influences CHD risk. We hypothesized that longer cumulative cannabis exposure is associated with CHD. Methods: This study included 12,493 participants (age 38.8 ± 11.6 years, 50.3% male, 37.9% White) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey years 2011-2018. Cannabis use was self-reported. CHD was defined as history of physician-diagnosis of myocardial infarction, angina, or coronary artery disease. Duration of exposure was defined as time since first-reported cannabis use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between duration of exposure and CHD. Subgroup analyses were performed based on various demographic and comorbid stratifications. Results: About 14.2% (n=1779) of participants were current cannabis users, and 2.3% (n=287) had CHD. In multivariable models, current users with &lt;10 years of cumulative exposure did not have increased odds of CHD compared to never users (p=0.55). However, those with ≥10 years of cumulative exposure had nearly three-fold increased odds of CHD (p&lt;0.001). A similar pattern of results was obtained when 20 years was used as a cut-point for duration of exposure (Table). This association was stronger among those with hypertension versus those without (interaction p-value=0.003), those with diabetes versus those without (interaction p-value&lt;0.001), and those of non-white race versus those of white race (interaction p-value=0.006). Conclusions: Longer duration of cannabis exposure was associated with increased odds of CHD, and the association was stronger among those with hypertension, diabetes, and non-white race. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the long-term consequences of cannabis exposure and the need for a personalized risk assessment for certain groups
Invasive group A streptococcal disease in pregnant women and young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Emma Sherwood, Stefania Vergnano, Isona Kakuchi, Michael G Bruce, Suman Chaurasia, Samara David, Angela Dramowski, Scarlett Georges, Rebecca Guy, Theresa Lamagni, Daniel Levy-Bruhl, Outi Lyytikäinen, Monika Naus, Jennifer Onukwube Okaro, Oddvar Oppegaard, Didrik F Vestrheim, Tammy Zulz, Andrew C Steer, Chris A Van Beneden, Anna C Seale
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)

The incidence of invasive disease caused by group A streptococcus (GAS) has increased in multiple countries in the past 15 years. However, despite these reports, to the best of our knowledge, no systematic reviews and combined estimates of the incidence of invasive GAS have been done in key high-risk groups. To address this, we estimated the incidence of invasive GAS disease, including death and disability outcomes, among two high-risk groups-namely, pregnant women and children younger than 5 years.
Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in critically ill children including those undergoing continuous kidney replacement therapy
Authors: Laura Butragueño-Laiseca, Nicolás Marco-Ariño, Iñaki F. Troconiz, Santiago Grau, Nuria Campillo, Xandra García, Belén Padilla, Sarah Nicole Fernández, María Slöcker, María José Santiago
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)

ObjectivesDespite that piperacillin-tazobactam combination is commonly used in critically ill children, increasing evidence suggests that the current dosing schedules are not optimal for these patients. The aim of this work is to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for piperacillin to evaluate the efficacy of standard dosing in children with and without continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) and to propose alternative dosing schemes maximizing target attainment.MethodsFour hundred twenty-nine piperacillin concentrations measured in different matrices, obtained from 32 critically ill children (19 without CKRT, 13 with CKRT) receiving 100 mg/kg of piperacillin/tazobactam every 8 hours (increased to 12 hours after the fourth dose) were modelled simultaneously using the population approach with NONMEM 7.4. The percentage of patients with 90% fT > MIC and target attainment (percentage of dosing interval above MIC) were estimated for different intermittent and continuous infusions in the studied population.ResultsPiperacillin pharmacokinetic was best described with a two-compartment model. Renal, nonrenal, and hemofilter clearances were found to be influenced by the glomerular filtration rate, height (renal clearance), weight (nonrenal clearance), and filter surface (hemofilter clearance). Only seven (37%) children without CKRT and seven (54%) with CKRT achieved 90% fT > MIC with the current dosing schedule. Of the alternative regimens evaluated, a 24-hour continuous infusion of 200 mg/kg (CKRT) and 300 mg/kg (no CKRT) provided 100% fT > MIC (percent of time free drug remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration) (≤16 mg/L) and target attainments ≥90% across all evaluated MICs.DiscussionIn children with and without CKRT, standard dosing failed to provide an adequate systemic exposure, while prolonged and continuous infusions showed an improved efficacy.
179P Clinical profile of SMARCA4/SMARCB1-mutated non-small cell lung carcinomas: A retrospective study in a Spanish institution
Authors: G. Fernandez, M. Antoñanzas-Basa, C. Aguado de la Rosa, A. Lopez de Sa, J. Bartolomé, A. Manzano Fernández, A. Ocaña, J.L. Gonzalez-Larriba
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Day One Med School Class Reunion
Authors: Rae Varcoe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Ad LibitumApril 2022Day One Med School Class ReunionRae Varcoe, MA, MB ChBRae Varcoe, MA, MB ChBNelson, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M21-4146 Audio Reading - “Day One Med School Class Reunion” Audio. Virginia L. Hood, MD, a physician from the University of Vermont, reads “Day One Med School Class Reunion” by Rae Varcoe, MA, MB ChB Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Beaming, I ask “How are you, Brian?I am really pleased to see you.”At once he answers “I am dying”Please tell me that you're lying,To me you seem as good as new.So then, again “How are you, Brian?”“Lung cancer's why I'm coughingI'm having trouble breathing too.That's it. I don't like it. I am dying”We can feel his life unwindingIt's barely two weeks since he knewI had asked “How are you, Brian?”He's planned out all this meetingthe trips, the visits, the Sextet tooand now he knows he's dyingthe laughing, hearty Class... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Nelson, New ZealandCorresponding Author: Rae Varcoe, MA, MB ChB; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Day One Med School Class Reunion” Audio. Virginia L. Hood, MD, a physician from the University of Vermont, reads “Day One Med School Class Reunion” by Rae Varcoe, MA, MB ChB Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics April 2022Volume 175, Issue 4Page: 615 ePublished: 19 April 2022 Issue Published: April 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Spinal Anesthesia or General Anesthesia for Hip Surgery in Older Adults
Authors: Mark D. Neuman, Rui Feng, Jeffrey L. Carson, Lakisha J. Gaskins, Derek Dillane, Daniel I. Sessler, Frederick Sieber, Jay Magaziner, Edward R. Marcantonio, Samir Mehta, Diane Menio, Sabry Ayad, Trevor Stone, Steven Papp, Eric S. Schwenk, Nabil Elkassabany, Mitchell Marshall, J. Douglas Jaffe, Charles Luke, Balram Sharma, Syed Azim, Robert A. Hymes, Ki-Jinn Chin, Richard Sheppard, Barry Perlman, Joshua Sappenfield, Ellen Hauck, Mark A. Hoeft, Mark Giska, Yatish Ranganath, Tiffany Tedore, Stephen Choi, Jinlei Li, M. Kwesi Kwofie, Antoun Nader, Robert D. Sanders, Brian F.S. Allen, Kamen Vlassakov, Stephen Kates, Lee A. Fleisher, James Dattilo, Ann Tierney, Alisa J. Stephens-Shields, Susan S. Ellenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

The effects of spinal anesthesia as compared with general anesthesia on the ability to walk in older adults undergoing surgery for hip fracture have not been well studied.
Meet the First Authors
Authors: Doris Škorić-Milosavljević
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

Her research focuses on the genetics of congenital heart disease, performing both genome-wide association studies in large patient cohorts as well as family-based sequencing studies.In January 2021 she started her training to become a clinical geneticist in the department of Human Genetics of the Amsterdam University Medical Center while she continues to work on her PhD with the goal of improving genetic counseling of patients and families affected by congenital heart disease.Outside of work she enjoys painting and traveling with her family.
Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update
Authors: Maria Fleseriu, Richard Auchus, Irina Bancos, Anat Ben-Shlomo, Jerome Bertherat, Nienke R Biermasz, Cesar L Boguszewski, Marcello D Bronstein, Michael Buchfelder, John D Carmichael, Felipe F Casanueva, Frederic Castinetti, Philippe Chanson, James Findling, Mônica Gadelha, Eliza B Geer, Andrea Giustina, Ashley Grossman, Mark Gurnell, Ken Ho, Adriana G Ioachimescu, Ursula B Kaiser, Niki Karavitaki, Laurence Katznelson, Daniel F Kelly, André Lacroix, Ann McCormack, Shlomo Melmed, Mark Molitch, Pietro Mortini, John Newell-Price, Lynnette Nieman, Alberto M Pereira, Stephan Petersenn, Rosario Pivonello, Hershel Raff, Martin Reincke, Roberto Salvatori, Carla Scaroni, Ilan Shimon, Constantine A Stratakis, Brooke Swearingen, Antoine Tabarin, Yutaka Takahashi, Marily Theodoropoulou, Stylianos Tsagarakis, Elena Valassi, Elena V Varlamov, Greisa Vila, John Wass, Susan M Webb, Maria C Zatelli, Beverly M K Biller
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2021)
Should Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Be Considered the New Standard of Care for Early-Stage Clinically Node-Negative Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Authors: Tejpal Gupta, Guncha Maheshwari, Sadhana Kannan, Sudhir Nair, Jai Prakash Agarwal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

score 5 at 6 months (good neck-shoulder function), % SLNB: 76.
37P Sotorasib-induced liver and non-liver toxicity associated with sequential sotorasib following anti-PD(L)1 in KRASG12C mutant lung cancer
Authors: A. Chour, J. Denis, C. Lafitte, C. Mascaux, M. Zysman, A. Lemaitre, A. Swalduz, V. Gounant, A. Cortot, M. Darrason, J. Cadranel, E. Auclin, C. Basse, C. Tissot, C. Decroisette, P. Bombaron, E. Giroux-Leprieur, L. Falchero, F. Lebossé, M. Duruisseaux
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Abstract 11257: Intersection Between Race and Gender in the Incidence and Control of Hypertension in ELSA Brasil
Authors: Etna K Silva, Sandhi M Barreto, Luisa C Brant, Edna M Araujo, Lidyane d Camelo, Alexandre Pereira, Rosane Griep, maria de jesus d Fonseca, Luana Giatti
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Few investigations examined the associations of race and gender with the incidence and control of hypertension (HTN) considering the synergies and heterogeneous experiences of intersectional groups. Hypothesis: HTN incidence and inadequate blood pressure (BP) control is higher in black men and women, brown men, and women, compared to their white counterparts. Inequalities are more pronounced in higher education vis-a-vis lower education group. Methods: Using data from the ELSA-Brasil, 6 intersectional groups of race/gender were identified: white, brown, and black men and women. We calculated by intersectional category: the HTN incidence between baseline (2008-2010) and visit 2 (2012-2014) in 8,528 individuals free of HTN or cardiovascular disease at baseline; and inadequate BP control prevalence in 4,571 individuals with drug treated HTN at visit 2. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution and logarithmic link function were used. Results: After age and HTN family history adjustment, the HTN risk was higher in black men (IDR:2.25; 95%CI:1.65-3.08), brown men (IDR:1.89; 95%CI:1.59-2.25), black women (IDR:1.85; 95%CI:1.50-2.30), brown women (IDR:1.47; 95%CI:1.31-1.67), and white men (IDR:1.76; 95%CI:1.49-2.08) compared to white women. All associations remained significant in fully-adjusted models for sociodemographic, behavioral and health conditions The association between intersectional categories and inadequate BP control varied according to education level in fully-adjusted models: 1) in lower education participants, white men (PR:1.70; 95%CI:1.42-2.04), brown men (PR:1.67; 95%CI:1.43-1.94), black men (PR:1.60; 95%CI:1.37-1.87), and black women (PR:1.28; 95%CI:1.00-1.64) had worse BP control than white women; 2) in higher education participants, only black men (PR:1.55; 95%CI:1.08-2.22) and women (PR:1.49; 95%CI:1.05-2.13) showed worse control than white women. Conclusion: Our findings reinforce previous studies regarding the higher risk of HTN and worse BP control in black men, but also reveal that the intersectional approach accentuates the heterogeneity in the incidence and control of HTN, evidencing specific experiences of socially marginalized groups, especially that of black women.
Thyroid Metastasis in Whole-Body 18F-FDG PET/CT Restaging of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jonas Vogel, Alina Tenev, Wiebke Solass, Johannes Schwenck, Helmut Dittmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Incidental findings of thyroid lesions, some of which show increased FDG uptake, are common in whole-body FDG PET/CT imaging of oncological patients. As metastases to the thyroid are extremely rare, it is often a matter of debate, whether thyroid lesions should be considered as benign goiter or evaluated further. Here, we present the case of a 65-year-old woman with history of small cell lung cancer and multiple thyroid lesions, classified as benign nodular goiter. Because in restating using 18F-FDG PET/CT these lesions showed an increased FDG uptake and growth progression, decision was made for fine-needle aspiration, which revealed small cell lung cancer metastasis 14 months after first tumor diagnosis.
FDG PET/CT Image of a Solitary Rib Hamartoma
Authors: Liu Xiao, Liu Yang, Lin Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract Hamartoma of the rib is very rare in adults. Herein, we report a 49-year-old woman who complained of chest pain for 1 month. FDG PET/CT revealed focal osteolytic bone destruction in the right 11th rib with elevated FDG uptake. The postoperative pathology supported the diagnosis of hamartoma. Our case shows that hamartoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis when there is solitary osteolytic bone destruction in the rib with intense FDG uptake.