tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Beneficial effects of endoscopic screening on gastric cancer and optimal screening interval: a population-based study
Authors: Wen-Qing Li, Xiang-Xiang Qin, Zhe-Xuan Li, Le-Hua Wang, Zong-Chao Liu, Xiao-Han Fan, Li-Hui Zhang, Yi Li, Xiu-Zhen Wu, Jun-Ling Ma, Yang Zhang, Lan-Fu Zhang, Ming Li, Tong Zhou, Jing-Ying Zhang, Jian-Xi Wang, Wei-Dong Liu, Wei-Cheng You, Kai-Feng Pan
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

BACKGROUND : The effectiveness of endoscopic screening on gastric cancer has not been widely investigated in China and the screening interval of repeated screening has not been determined. METHODS : In a population-based prospective study, we included 375,800 individuals, 14,670 of whom underwent endoscopic screening (2012-2018). We assessed the associations between endoscopic screening and risk of incident gastric cancer and gastric cancer-specific mortality, and examined changes in overall survival and disease-specific survival following screening. The optimal screening interval for repeated endoscopy for early detection of gastric cancer was explored. RESULTS : Ever receiving endoscopic screening significantly decreased the risk of invasive gastric cancer (age- and sex-adjusted relative risk [RR] 0.69, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.92) and gastric cancer-specific mortality (RR 0.33, 95 %CI 0.20-0.56), particularly for noncardia gastric cancer. Repeated screening strengthened the beneficial effect on invasive gastric cancer-specific mortality of one-time screening. Among invasive gastric cancers, screening-detected individuals had significantly better overall survival (RR 0.18, 95 %CI 0.13-0.25) and disease-specific survival (RR 0.18, 95 %CI 0.13-0.25) than unscreened individuals, particularly for those receiving repeated endoscopy. For individuals with intestinal metaplasia or low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, repeated endoscopy at an interval of < 2 years, particularly within 1 year, significantly enhanced the detection of early gastric cancer, compared with repeated screening after 2 years (P-trend = 0.02). CONCLUSION : Endoscopic screening prevented gastric cancer occurrence and death, and improved its prognosis in a population-based study. Repeated endoscopy enhanced the effectiveness. Screening interval should be based on gastric lesion severity.
Abstract 12423: Normoxic Therapy Attenuated Oxidative Stress Related mRNA Gene Expressions in a Post-Cardiac Arrest Rat Model
Authors: Tomoaki Aoki, Koichiro Shinozaki, Yu Okuma, Kei Hayashida, Ryosuke Takegawa, Vanessa Wong, Lance B Becker
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Objective: We recently reported that post-resuscitation normoxic therapy attenuates oxidative stress in multiple organs and improves post-cardiac arrest (CA) organ injury, oxygen metabolism, and survival. Yet, detailed mechanisms of gene expression patterns and signaling pathways mitigated by normoxic therapy have not been elucidated. Therefore, we assessed post-resuscitation normoxic therapy-modified gene expression of oxidative stress-related signaling molecules. Methods: Rats were resuscitated from 10 minutes of asphyxial CA and divided into 2 groups: those that inhaled 100% supplemental O 2 (CA-FIO2 1.0) and those that inhaled 30% supplemental O 2 (CA-FIO2 0.3). Control groups were also prepared for comparison (control-FIO2 1.0, control-FIO2 0.3). At 2 hours after resuscitation, brain and heart tissues were collected, and mRNA purifications followed by real-time PCR measurements were performed to compare gene expression of hyperoxia-induced inflammatory and apoptosis-related signaling pathways amongst these groups. Results: In the brain, relative IL-1 beta mRNA gene expression levels, which represent inflammatory signaling pathways, increased post-CA (8.1±2.3 in CA-FIO2 1.0 and 1.0±0.4 in control-FIO2 0.3, p&lt;0.05), but were significantly attenuated by normoxic therapy (2.3±0.2 in CA-FIO2 0.3, p&lt;0.05). Likewise, normoxic therapy significantly reduced oxidative stress-induced inflammatory (NFKB1, TGFB1, MAPK14, TRAF6) and apoptosis-related (BAX, EGF) mRNA gene expression levels in the brain, whereas no statistical differences were detected in the heart. Conclusions: Post-CA normoxic therapy significantly attenuated the gene expression of oxidative stress-induced inflammation and apoptosis in the brain, while there were no remarkable changes in the heart. Therefore, it is inferred that the heart is more tolerant to hyperoxic injury compared to the brain.
Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on routine immunisation services: evidence of disruption and recovery from 170 countries and territories
Authors: Anita Shet, Kelly Carr, M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday, Samir V Sodha, Christine Prosperi, Joshua Wunderlich, Chizoba Wonodi, Heidi W Reynolds, Imran Mirza, Marta Gacic-Dobo, Katherine L O'Brien, Ann Lindstrand
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has revealed the vulnerability of immunisation systems worldwide, although the scale of these disruptions has not been described at a global level. This study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on routine immunisation using triangulated data from global, country-based, and individual-reported sources obtained during the pandemic period.
Nano-miR-133a Replacement Therapy Blunts Pressure Overload–Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Jessica Modica, Vittoria Di Mauro, Maria Barandalla-Sobrados, Samuel Elias Pineda Chavez, Pierluigi Carullo, Simona Nemska, Achille Anselmo, Gianluigi Condorelli, Michele Iafisco, Michele Miragoli, Daniele Catalucci
Journal: Circulation (2021)
<i>QuickStats:</i> Percentage* of Employed Adults Who Needed to Work Closer Than 6 Feet from Other Persons All or Most of the Time at Their Main Job,<sup>†</sup> by Occupation<sup>§</sup> — National Health Interview Survey, United States, July–December 2020<sup>¶</sup>
Authors: Abay Asfaw
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Health care practitioners and techniciansHealth care support Food preparation and serving
Abstract 12792: Enhancing the Accuracy of Cardiac Rhythm Analysis in Automated External Defibrillators During Ongoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by Applying a Deep Encoder-Decoder Filtering Model
Authors: Shirin Hajeb Mohammadalipour, Alicia Cascella, Matt Valentine, Ki Chon
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests depends on an accurate defibrillatory shock decision during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Since chest compressions induce severe motion artifact in the electrocardiogram (ECG), current automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) do not perform CPR during the rhythm analysis period. However, performing continuous CPR is vital and dramatically increases the chance of survival. Hence, we demonstrate a novel application of a deep convolutional neural network encoder-decoder (CNNED) method in suppressing CPR artifact in near real-time using only ECG data. The encoder portion of the CNNED uses the frequency and phase contents derived via time-varying spectral analysis to learn distinct features that are representative of both the ECG signal and CPR artifact. The decoder portion takes the results from the encoder and reconstructs what is perceived as the motion artifact removed ECG data. These procedures are done via multitude of training of CNNED using many different arrhythmia contaminated with CPR. In this study, CPR-contaminated ECGs were generated by combining clean ECG with CPR artifacts from 52 different performers. ECG data from CUDB, VFDB, and SDDB datasets which belong to the Physionet’s Physiobank archive were used to create the training set containing 89,984 14-second ECG segments. The performance of the proposed CNNED was evaluated on a separate test set comprising of 23,816 CPR-contaminated 14-second ECG segments from 458 subjects. The results were evaluated by two metrics: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and Defibtech’s AED rhythm analysis algorithm. CNNED resulted in the increase of the mean SNR value from -3 dB to 5.63 dB and 6.3 dB for shockable and non-shockable rhythms, respectively. Comparing Defibtech’s AED rhythm classifier before and after applying CNNED on the CPR-contaminated ECG, the specificity improved from 96.57% to 99.31% for normal sinus rhythm, and from 91.5% to 96.57% for other non-shockable rhythms. The sensitivity of shockable detection also increased from 67.68% to 87.76% for ventricular fibrillation, and from 62.71% to 81.27% for ventricular tachycardia. These results indicate continuous and accurate AED rhythm analysis without stoppage of CPR using only ECG data.
Oxygenation and Inflammatory Markers after Early Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma: A Comparison of Survivors and Non-Survivors
Authors: Valentina Baez Sosa, Ahmad M Nassar, Nikitha Vobugari, Anjali S Ghodasara, Cathy Conry-Cantilena, Glenn Wortmann, Emily R Fischer, Stephen Fernandez, Sameer Desale, Lorraine Wyne, Brandon G Clark, Aarthi Shenoy
Journal: Blood (2021)
Minimally invasive microbiopsy for genetic profiling of melanocytic lesions: A case series
Authors: Manu Jain, Isidora Autuori, Niasia Everett, Ucalene Harris, Miko Yamada, Tarl Prow, Klaus Busam, Michael A Marchetti, Allan C Halpern, Irene Orlow
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Versus Tacrolimus and Methotrexate to Prevent Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Recipients of Matched Donor Transplantation: Comparison of Sequential Cohorts in a Prospective Trial
Authors: Uday R. Popat, Rohtesh S. Mehta, Roland Bassett, Amin M. Alousi, Gheath Alatrash, Qaiser Bashir, Chitra Hosing, Jin S. Im, Partow Kebriaei, Jitesh D. Kawedia, Issa F. Khouri, David Marin, Yago Nieto, Amanda L. Olson, Betul Oran, Jeremy L. Ramdial, Neeraj Saini, Samer A. Srour, Benigno C. Valdez, Katayoun Rezvani, Muzaffar H. Qazilbash, Tapan M. Kadia, Hagop Kantarjian, Elizabeth J. Shpall, Richard E. Champlin, Borje S. Andersson
Journal: Blood (2021)
TOC - 5 pages
Authors: T Alp Ikizler, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Emmanuel Letavernier, Tilman Drüeke, Ryo Yamada, Motoko Yanagita, Ziad Massy, Hanna Debiec, Pierre Ronco, Verónica Miguel, Santiago Lamas, Michael Turner, Natalie Staplin, Tony Lopez, Debasish Banerjee, Ming-Yan Jiang, Rui Song, Rebecca Chen, Andrew Cho, Sirine Bellou, Min Zhuo, Jiahua Li, Edward Krupat, Sarvode Suraj, Kavya Mothi, Jeremy Shah, Andrew Policht, Jeffrey Rosenblatt, Delphine Berns, Michael Tuot, Li-Li Heung, Yoshiharu Muto, Benjamin Humphreys, Teun Van Gelder
Journal: Kidney International (2021)
Platelet ACKR3/CXCR7 favors antiplatelet lipids over an atherothrombotic lipidome and regulates thromboinflammation
Authors: Malgorzata Cebo, Kristina Dittrich, Xiaoqing Fu, Mailin C. Manke, Frederic Emschermann, Johannes Rheinlaender, Hendrik von Eysmondt, Nerea Ferreirós, Jessica Sudman, Alexander Witte, Lisann Pelzl, Oliver Borst, Tobias Geisler, Dominik Rath, Tamam Bakchoul, Meinrad Gawaz, Tilman E. Schäffer, Michael Lämmerhofer, Madhumita Chatterjee
Journal: Blood (2021)
Zwitterion‐Driven Shape Program of Prodrug Nanoassemblies with High Stability, High Tumor Accumulation, and High Antitumor Activity (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 23/2021)
Authors: Guanting Li, Bingjun Sun, Shunzhe Zheng, Lu Xu, Wenhui Tao, Dongyang Zhao, Jiang Yu, Shuwen Fu, Xuanbo Zhang, Haotian Zhang, Yinglei Zhai, Cong Luo, Huaiwei Ding, Zhonggui He, Jin Sun
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Zwitterion Materials In article number 2101407 by Zhonggui He, Jin Sun, and co-workers, prodrug nanoassemblies modified by PEG or zwitterion materials are presented as spherical soldiers or rod-shaped soldiers. Through the voyage in the ocean, which indicates blood circulation, they reach the castle, which indicates tumors, in different ships. Soldiers ashore enter the castle through different gates, which indicate different endocytosis mechanisms, to play the role. Overall, the zwitterion-modified rod-shaped little soldiers ride a giant ship to the tumor sites and enter tumor cells through caveolin-mediated endocytosis, leading to a highly effective drug delivery.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children receiving haematopoietic cell transplantation and immune effector cell therapy: an international and multidisciplinary consensus statement
Authors: Matteo Di Nardo, Ali H Ahmad, Pietro Merli, Matthew S Zinter, Leslie E Lehman, Courtney M Rowan, Marie E Steiner, Sangeeta Hingorani, Joseph R Angelo, Hisham Abdel-Azim, Sajad J Khazal, Basirat Shoberu, Jennifer McArthur, Rajinder Bajwa, Saad Ghafoor, Samir H Shah, Hitesh Sandhu, Karen Moody, Brandon D Brown, Maria E Mireles, Diana Steppan, Taylor Olson, Lakshmi Raman, Brian Bridges, Christine N Duncan, Sung Won Choi, Rita Swinford, Matt Paden, James D Fortenberry, Giles Peek, Pierre Tissieres, Daniele De Luca, Franco Locatelli, Selim Corbacioglu, Martin Kneyber, Alessio Franceschini, Simon Nadel, Matthias Kumpf, Alessandra Loreti, Roelie Wösten-Van Asperen, Orsola Gawronski, Joe Brierley, Graeme MacLaren, Kris M Mahadeo
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2021)
Abstract PO-114: STAT3 in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
Authors: Julia E. Lefler, Michael Ostrowski, Catherine MarElia-Bennett
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract One of the defining characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the formation of a dense stroma comprised of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cell populations. This stroma is immunosuppressive and can act as a physical barrier against common therapeutic treatments. Attempts to therapeutically target the PDAC stroma have yielded contradictory results, suggesting both tumor promoting and tumor limiting roles for CAFs. These studies emphasize the need to understand important transsignaling pathways between CAFs, tumor cells, and the immune microenvironment. IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in several physiological functions and its increased expression is strongly associated with poor survival rates in PDAC patients. STAT3 is a major downstream target of IL-6, and its aberrant activation has been implicated in PDAC tumor progression and immune evasion. IL-6 expression and the IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis in PDAC has been characterized in epithelial tumor cells, however its stromal-specific function on PDAC has yet to be elucidated. We hypothesized that the STAT3 signaling axis in pancreatic CAFs contributes to the immunosuppressive and fibrotic phenotype seen with disease progression. Employing CreLoxP technology, the fibroblast specific protein-1 (Fsp-Cre) transgene was used to conditionally delete STAT3 in fibroblasts in the PdxFlp; KrasG12D; p53frt/frt (KPF) PDAC mouse model developed by our lab. Deletion of STAT3 in fibroblasts significantly increased the survival in a cohort of KPF mice compared to those with intact STAT3. In preliminary investigations, we found an increase in CD8+ T cell infiltration but a decrease in regulatory T cells in the STAT3-deleted cohort. We also observed a decrease in immunosuppressive M2 macrophage populations and an increase in M1 macrophages in the STAT3-deleted cohort. These preliminary results demonstrate a previously unexplored role of IL-6/STAT3 signaling in fibroblasts during PDAC progression. Citation Format: Julia E. Lefler, Michael Ostrowski, Catherine MarElia-Bennett. STAT3 in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-114.
Ink-jet 3D printing as a strategy for developing bespoke non-eluting biofilm resistant medical devices
Authors: Yinfeng He, Jeni Luckett, Belen Begines, Jean-Frédéric Dubern, Andrew L. Hook, Elisabetta Prina, Felicity R.A.J. Rose, Christopher J. Tuck, Richard J.M. Hague, Derek J. Irvine, Paul Williams, Morgan R. Alexander, Ricky D. Wildman
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)

Chronic infection as a result of bacterial biofilm formation on implanted medical devices is a major global healthcare problem requiring new biocompatible, biofilm-resistant materials. Here we demonstrate how bespoke devices can be manufactured through ink-jet-based 3D printing using bacterial biofilm inhibiting formulations without the need for eluting antibiotics or coatings. Candidate monomers were formulated and their processability and reliability demonstrated. Formulations for in vivo evaluation of the 3D printed structures were selected on the basis of their in vitro bacterial biofilm inhibitory properties and lack of mammalian cell cytotoxicity. In vivo in a mouse implant infection model, Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on poly-TCDMDA was reduced by ∼99% when compared with medical grade silicone. Whole mouse bioluminescence imaging and tissue immunohistochemistry revealed the ability of the printed device to modulate host immune responses as well as preventing biofilm formation on the device and infection of the surrounding tissues. Since 3D printing can be used to manufacture devices for both prototyping and clinical use, the versatility of ink-jet based 3D-printing to create personalised functional medical devices is demonstrated by the biofilm resistance of both a finger joint prosthetic and a prostatic stent printed in poly-TCDMDA towards P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Obesity increases heart failure incidence and mortality: observational and Mendelian randomization studies totalling over 1 million individuals
Authors: Marianne Benn, Sarah C W Marott, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Børge G Nordestgaard
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

Abstract Aims Whether high body mass index (BMI) causally influences development and prognosis of heart failure has implications for clinical practice. We tested the hypotheses that high BMI causally influences heart failure incidence and mortality. Methods and results Using observational and Mendelian randomization causal, genetic analyses, we studied 106 121 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study, 18 407 from the Copenhagen City Heart Study, and 977 323 from publicly available databases. In observational analyses in the Copenhagen studies with 10 years of median follow-up, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios per 1 kg/m2 increment of BMI were 1.06 (95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.07; P &amp;lt; 0.001; n = 124 528; events = 6589) for heart failure incidence, 1.04 (1.03–1.06; P &amp;lt; 0.001; n = 124 528; events = 1237) for heart failure mortality, and 1.01 (1.00–1.01; P &amp;lt; 0.001; n = 124 528; events = 24 144) for all-cause mortality. In genetic analyses in the Copenhagen studies, the age and sex adjusted causal risk ratios per 1 kg/m2 increment of BMI were 1.19 (1.05–1.36; P = 0.008; n = 118 200; events = 6541) for heart failure incidence, 1.27 (0.82–1.98; P = 0.28; n = 118 200; events = 889) for heart failure mortality, and 1.11 (1.02–1.22; P = 0.022; n = 118 200; events = 16 814) for all-cause mortality. Finally, combining genetic data from the Copenhagen studies, the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits, the Heart Failure Molecular Epidemiology for Therapeutic Targets, and the UK Biobank, the unadjusted causal risk ratios per 1 kg/m2 increment of BMI were 1.39 (1.27–1.52; P &amp;lt; 0.001; n = 1 095 523; events = 53 850) for heart failure incidence, 1.18 (1.00–1.38; P = 0.05; n = 576 853; events = 2373) for heart failure mortality, and 1.02 (1.00–1.04; P = 0.03; n = 576 853; events = 44 734) for all-cause mortality. Conclusion High BMI causally increases the risk of both heart failure incidence and mortality.
Immunogenicity and tolerability of COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines in primary immunodeficiency patients with functional B-cell defects
Authors: Michele N. Pham, Kanagavel Murugesan, Niaz Banaei, Benjamin A. Pinsky, Monica Tang, Elisabeth Hoyte, David B. Lewis, Yael Gernez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a pro-invasive cancer-associated fibroblast subgroup associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Xuechun Li, Zhao Sun, Gongxin Peng, Yi Xiao, Junchao Guo, Bin Wu, Xiaoyi Li, Weixun Zhou, Jiarui Li, Zhe Li, Chunmei Bai, Lin Zhao, Qin Han, Robert Chunhua Zhao, Xiaoyue Wang
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Background: The protumor activities of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) suggest that they are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. The mechanism of CAF heterogeneity in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear and has slowed translational advances in targeting CAFs. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the classification, function, activation stage, and spatial distribution of the CAF subsets in GC is urgently needed. Methods: In this study, the characteristics of the CAF subsets and the dynamic communication among the tumor microenvironment (TME) components regulated by the CAF subsets were analyzed by performing single-cell RNA sequencing of eight pairs of GC and adjacent mucosal (AM) samples. The spatial distribution of the CAF subsets in different Lauren subtypes of GC, as well as the neighborhood relations between these CAF subsets and the protumor immune cell subsets were evaluated by performing multistaining registration. Results: Tumor epithelial cells exhibited significant intratumor and intertumor variabilities, while CAFs mainly exhibited intratumor variability. Moreover, we identified four CAF subsets with different properties in GC. These four CAF subsets shared similar properties with their resident fibroblast counterparts in the adjacent mucosa but also exhibited enhanced protumor activities. Additionally, two CAF subsets, inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) and extracellular matrix CAFs (eCAFs), communicated with adjacent immune cell subsets in the GC TME. iCAFs interacted with T cells by secreting interleukin (IL)-6 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), while eCAFs correlated with M2 macrophages via the expression of periostin (POSTN). eCAFs, which function as a pro-invasive CAF subset, decreased the overall survival time of patients with GC. Conclusions: iCAFs and eCAFs not only exhibited enhanced pro-invasive activities but also mobilized the surrounding immune cells to construct a tumor-favorable microenvironment. Therefore, inhibiting their activation restrains the GC 'seed' and simultaneously improves the 'GC' soil, suggesting that it represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GC.
Abstract 16831: Provoked PFO Shunt And Posterior Circulation Stroke: An Underrecognized Association
Authors: Muhammad Hamza Saad Shaukat, Mamoon Ahmed, Terezia Petraskova, Alex Georgiev, Orvar Jonsson
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Case Presentation: A 50 year old man presented with nausea and weakness. MRI brain showed a small acute infarct in the right pons. CT angiography of the head and neck was unremarkable. No thrombus, vegetation, or inter-atrial communication was seen on transthoracic echocardiogram: LVEF was 55-60% with normal left atrial size. No history of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes or drug abuse was reported; lower extremity duplex was negative for deep venous thrombosis. TSH was normal. Transesophageal echocardiography showed an aneurysmal atrial septum: agitated saline injection did not demonstrate an inter-atrial communication (figure 1). Repeat saline injection during the same procedure with Valsalva maneuver demonstrated a moderate-sized, provoked right-to-left, patent foramen ovale (PFO) shunt (figure 2). Discussion: Physiologically decreased sympathetic innervation spares posterior cerebral circulation from Valsalva-induced vasoconstriction. The disproportionate increase in posterior cerebral blood flow when venous return/cardiac output increases in the immediate post-strain period explains the association of provoked PFO shunt and paradoxical embolism to posterior circulation. Although the association has been described in literature, it remains underappreciated. Recognition of the association expedited secondary prevention of stroke in this non-elderly patient by circumventing the need to exclude atrial fibrillation on ambulatory rhythm monitoring (3-6 months) before referral for PFO closure.