tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Grief Disorder Diagnostic Criteria—Helping Those With Maladaptive Grief Responses
Authors: Holly G. Prigerson, M. Katherine Shear, Charles F. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

The American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5-TR presents new diagnostic criteria for prolonged grief disorder (PGD). 1 They provide timely and important guidance for clinical practice and research given the enormous death toll from the COVID-19 pandemic both in the US and globally, complicated by the disruption of clinical practice, social support for those dying, and for the bereaved left behind.Because of the pandemic, the absolute number of PGD cases is likely to increase and the 7% to 10% prevalence rate among of bereaved people may rise. 2 Thus, it is vital that clinicians be knowledgeable about grief reactions, know how to distinguish normal from pathological manifestations of grief, and be aware of proven treatments for it.The DSM-5-TR criteria for PGD require that distressing symptoms of grief continue for at least 12 months following the loss of a close attachment and that the grief response is characterized by intense longing/yearning for the deceased person and/or preoccupation with thoughts and memories of the lost person to a clinically significant (ie, impairing) degree, nearly every day for at least the past month.Furthermore, as a result of the death, at least 3 of the following 8 symptoms have been experienced to a clinically significant degree: (1) feeling as though a part of oneself has died, (2) a marked sense of disbelief about the death, (3) avoidance of reminders that the person has died (often coupled with intense searching for things reminiscent of the deceased person and/or evidence that they are still alive, such as mistaking others for the person who died), (4) intense emotional pain (anger, bitterness, sorrow) related to the death, (5) difficulty with reintegration into life after the death, (6) emotional numbness (particularly with respect to an emotional connection to others), ( 7) feeling that life is meaningless as a result of the death, and (8) intense loneliness as a result of the death.The burden of these symptoms causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.The duration and severity of the bereavement reaction clearly exceeds social, cultural, or religious norms for the individual's culture and context.Additionally, the symptoms are not better explained by major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, or attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (eg, medication or alcohol) or to another medical condition.The performance characteristics of the PGD diagnostic criteria and the PG-13-Revised (PG-13-R) scale have been extensively researched by Prigerson et al. 1 The PG-13-R is a useful self-report measure of the syndrome that can be used to screen for the diagnosis and estimate its severity; it maps onto DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria, and a summary score of 30 or greater is consis-
Operative Surgery
Authors: R. Dale Liechty
Journal: JAMA (1992)

From excision of a sebaceous cyst to transplantation of heart, lung, and liver,<i>Operative Surgery</i>covers a wide array of surgical procedures. The editors chose these procedures after surveying teaching hospitals in three countries: England, Japan, and the United States. They found a remarkable similarity in the frequency of these procedures as performed in academic settings. From their survey, they describe and illustrate 128 operations with various modifications. Orthopedics, plastic surgery, and surgery of the newborn are excluded. The editors "hope that the text will be of use to surgical residents in a practical sense and also in preparation for examinations of Colleges and Boards... and will spare patients from unnecessary disasters." It should. Almost half of the book sparkles with large, color illustrations that make the anatomy come alive. The artist has a Frank Netter-like quality, a pleasing, down-to-earth realism. Each of the 128 chapters follows a similar format:
Diabetes and Cause-Specific Mortality in Mexico City
Authors: Jesus Alegre-Díaz, William Herrington, Malaquías López-Cervantes, Louisa Gnatiuc, Raul Ramirez, Michael Hill, Colin Baigent, Mark I. McCarthy, Sarah Lewington, Rory Collins, Gary Whitlock, Roberto Tapia-Conyer, Richard Peto, Pablo Kuri-Morales, Jonathan R. Emberson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Most large, prospective studies of the effects of diabetes on mortality have focused on high-income countries where patients have access to reasonably good medical care and can receive treatments to establish and maintain good glycemic control. In those countries, diabetes less than doubles the rate of death from any cause. Few large, prospective studies have been conducted in middle-income countries where obesity and diabetes have become common and glycemic control may be poor.
Table of contents
Authors: Hong Ji, Lisa Outterbridge, Mark Friedman, Narumi Nagai, Naoki Sakane, Taku Hamada, Tetsuya Kimura, Toshio Moritani, Carl Behre, Björn Fagerberg, Mattsson Lillemor, Johannes Hultén, Yi Shih, Wen Lin, Yung Chen, Wen Chiu, Sheng Lee, Wayne Wu, Huey-Herng Sheu, Pavel Kraml, Richard Klein, Yan Huang, Alena Nareika, Maria Lopes-Virella, Kathleen Colleran, Leonard Romero, Dalice Upton, Mark Burge, Tsutomu Kazumi, Akira Kawaguchi, Gen Yoshino
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
Hemophiliacs with HIV antibody are actively infected
Authors: J. B. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and assays for the p24 antigen were performed for a group of 75 unselected hemophiliacs to determine whether patients positive for HIV-1 antibody are actively infected rather than immunized by viral proteins in non— heat-treated factor VIII or IX concentrates. Fifty-six (75%) of the 75 hemophiliacs were antibody positive and 55 (98%) of the 56 with antibodies also had positive cultures. The one culture-negative individual had detectable HIV-1 proviral DNA sequences in three separate samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA, as detected by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Detection of serum p24 antigen and the time to development of a positive culture were significantly more frequent and shorter, respectively, in symptomatic vs asymptomatic patients. None of the 19 hemophiliacs negative for HIV-1 antibody had positive cultures, detectable p24 serum antigen, or symptoms of HIV-1 infection. Moreover, latent HIV-1 infection was not detected in 16 female sexual partners of hemophiliacs positive for HIV-1 antibody using Western blot testing, assays for p24 antigen, HIV-1 cultures, and polymerase chain reaction assays, despite repeated unprotected sexual exposure. We conclude that antibody-positive hemophiliacs have been actively infected by HIV-1 and that a long period of latent HIV-1 infection prior to overt seroconversion is unlikely. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:2236-2239)
Fat embolism and postoperative jaundice. A case report
Authors: R. W. Rasmussen
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE FAT embolism syndrome is generally considered to be uncommon except as a complication of fractures or severe trauma.<sup>1</sup>Evidence is accumulating that, in mild form, this phenomenon may be frequent and may even follow minor injury.<sup>2,3</sup>We recently saw a patient in whom the fat embolism syndrome developed after minor surgery. Furthermore, jaundice, which is not usually observed in patients with fat embolism, was a major feature. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A muscular 20-year-old man underwent anterior capsule repair for chronic dislocation of the shoulder. He had been in excellent health, took no medication, and gave no prior history of liver disease. The operation, under halothane anesthesia, lasted 21/2 hours. There were no periods of hypotension. Blood loss was minimal and transfusions were not given. At 48 hours after operation, pyrexia to 40.5 C (105 F) developed. He became dyspneic and complained of moderately severe upper
Author Correction: SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland
Authors: Sarah J. Stock, Jade Carruthers, Clara Calvert, Cheryl Denny, Jack Donaghy, Anna Goulding, Lisa E. M. Hopcroft, Leanne Hopkins, Terry McLaughlin, Jiafeng Pan, Ting Shi, Bob Taylor, Utkarsh Agrawal, Bonnie Auyeung, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Colin McCowan, Josie Murray, Colin R. Simpson, Chris Robertson, Eleftheria Vasileiou, Aziz Sheikh, Rachael Wood
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
A Commentary on “Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: Reasons of emergence and lessons learnt” (Int J Surg 2022;97:106198) Contact-tracing and global vaccine equity: Crucial responses to emergence of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant
Authors: Farid Rahimi, Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Reduced SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Response in Patients Treated with Biologic Therapies for Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Martin Runnstrom, Andrea Morrison-Porter, Mayuran Ravindran, Hannah Quehl, Richard Ramonell, Matthew Woodruff, Merin Kalangara, Fabliha Anam, Robert Swerlick, Colin Swenson, Carmen Polito, Wendy Neveu, Rahulkumar Patel, Caroline Kim, Ian Hentenaar, Zhenxing Guo, Hao Wu, Natalie Haddad, John Daiss, Ignacio Sanz, F. Eun-Hyung Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Update: Detection of West Nile Virus in Blood Donations—United States, 2003
Journal: JAMA (2003)

State and local health departments should educate health-care providers to recognize unusual illnesses that might indicate release of a chemical agent.Strategies for responding to intentional chemical releases include (1) providing information or reminders to health-care providers and clinical laboratories; (2) encouraging reporting of acute poisonings to local poison control centers, which can guide patient management and facilitate notification of the proper health agencies, and to the local or state health department;(3) initiating surveillance for incidents that potentially involve the covert release of a chemical agent; (4) implementing the capacity to receive and investigate any report of such an event;(5) implementing appropriate protocols, including potentially accessing the Laboratory Response Network for Bioterrorism, to collect and transport specimens and to store them appropriately before laboratory analysis; (6) reporting immediately to CDC and local law enforcement if the results of an investigation suggest the intentional release of a chemical agent; and (7) requesting CDC assistance when necessary.To begin developing national surveillance capabilities for detecting chemical-release-related illnesses, CDC is collaborating with the American Association of Poison Control Centers to use its Toxic Exposure Surveillance System to identify index cases, evolving patterns, or emerging clusters of hazardous exposures.Identification of early markers for chemical releases (e.g., characteristic symptom complexes, temporal and regional increases in hospitalizations, or sudden increases in case frequency or severity) will enable public health authorities to respond quickly and appropriately to an intentional chemical release.CDC materials for emergency and health-care personnel, including a list of chemical agents and biologic toxins and their expected clinical syndromes, are available at http://www.bt.cdc.
Incident Cancer Detection During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Antoine Eskander, Qing Li, Jiayue Yu, Julie Hallet, Natalie G. Coburn, Anna Dare, Kelvin K.W. Chan, Simron Singh, Ambica Parmar, Craig C. Earle, Lauren Lapointe-Shaw, Monika K. Krzyzanowska, Timothy P. Hanna, Antonio Finelli, Alexander V. Louie, Nicole Look Hong, Jonathan C. Irish, Ian J. Witterick, Alyson Mahar, Christopher W. Noel, David R. Urbach, Daniel I. McIsaac, Danny Enepekides, Rinku Sutradhar
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Resource restrictions were established in many jurisdictions to maintain health system capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disrupted healthcare access likely impacted early cancer detection. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the pandemic on weekly reported cancer incidence.This was a population-based study involving individuals diagnosed with cancer from September 25, 2016, to September 26, 2020, in Ontario, Canada. Weekly cancer incidence counts were examined using segmented negative binomial regression models. The weekly estimated backlog during the pandemic was calculated by subtracting the observed volume from the projected/expected volume in that week.The cohort consisted of 358,487 adult patients with cancer. At the start of the pandemic, there was an immediate 34.3% decline in the estimated mean cancer incidence volume (relative rate, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.57-0.75), followed by a 1% increase in cancer incidence volume in each subsequent week (relative rate, 1.009; 95% CI, 1.001-1.017). Similar trends were found for both screening and nonscreening cancers. The largest immediate declines were seen for melanoma and cervical, endocrinologic, and prostate cancers. For hepatobiliary and lung cancers, there continued to be a weekly decline in incidence during the COVID-19 period. Between March 15 and September 26, 2020, 12,601 fewer individuals were diagnosed with cancer, with an estimated weekly backlog of 450.We estimate that there is a large volume of undetected cancer cases related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Incidence rates have not yet returned to prepandemic levels.
Cancer Statistics
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Targeting the P53 Protein for Cancer Therapies: The Translational Impact of P53 Research
Authors: Arnold J. Levine
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract It is only recently that drugs targeting K-RAS and Tp53 missense mutations have been developed, and along with the allele specific nature of some of these drugs comes the possibility of combining them with the immunologic therapies for cancers. It has taken about 40 years since their discoveries to understand the pathways they command, how they function, and how they interact with the environment of the cells they control. This communication focuses on the transfer of some of the hard won information about the p53 protein, its mutations, structures, and activities learned in the basic science laboratory and translated to the clinic.
<i>Tropheryma whippelii</i> DNA Is Rare in the Intestines of Patients without Other Signs of Whipple Disease
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients16 January 2001Tropheryma whippelii DNA Is Rare in the Intestines of Patients without Other Signs of Whipple DiseaseSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Whipple disease is a rare condition that causes diarrhea, abdominal pain, difficulty in absorbing nutrients from food, weight loss, joint pain, swollen lymph nodes, and, in some cases, abnormalities of the nervous system. Whipple disease is thought to be caused by bacteria called Tropheryma whippelii (T. whippelii), which have been found in the tissue samples (particularly from the intestinal lining) of persons who have Whipple disease. Little is known about where these bacteria usually live or how people become infected with the bacteria and develop Whipple disease. Two ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “ Tropheryma whippelii DNA Is Rare in the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients without Other Evidence of Whipple Disease.” It is in the 16 January 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 134, pages 115-119). The authors are M Maiwald, A von Herbay, DH Persing, PS Mitchell, MF Abdelmalek, JN Thorvilson, DN Fredricks, and DA Relman.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTropheryma whippelii DNA Is Rare in the Intestinal Mucosa of Patients without Other Evidence of Whipple Disease Matthias Maiwald , Axel von Herbay , David H. Persing , P. Shawn Mitchell , Manal F. Abdelmalek , Jill N. Thorvilson , David N. Fredricks , and David A. Relman Metrics 16 January 2001Volume 134, Issue 2Page: I-72KeywordsAbdominal painBacteriaBiopsyDNAGeneticsMucous membranesNervous systemNutrientsPolymerase chain reactionWeight loss ePublished: 16 January 2001 Issue Published: 16 January 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Repurposing the drug verteporfin as anti-neoplastic therapy for glioblastoma
Authors: Renee D Read
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly primary malignant brain tumor in adults and is characterized by rapid growth and diffuse infiltration. Even with current treatment strategies consisting of aggressive surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation, GBM evades treatment and recurs due to remaining therapy-resistant cell populations, including infiltrative self-renewing neural stem cell-like GBM stem cells (GSCs). Thus, there is a pressing need to identify new treatment strategies for GBM. Surmounting this challenge depends on exploiting our understanding of the biological drivers of tumor formation and progression for therapeutic purposes. GBMs have been subject to extensive molecular characterization, which show that frequent alterations in tumor cells include overexpression, amplification, and/or mutation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in IDH1 wild-type tumors. A recent study from Tome-Garcia et al showed that the TEAD transcription factors are important regulators of cell migration in EGFR-expressing infiltrative GSCs.1 TEAD family transcription factors directly bind to DNA and stimulate expression of transcriptional target genes in response to binding by the paralogous transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ, which are inactivated by the Hippo pathway and activated by RTK pathways.2 Several recent studies have reconstructed transcriptional regulatory networks associated with GSC identity and functionality, and these studies have identified YAP and TAZ as master transcriptional determinants that define GSC populations induced downstream of well-established oncogenic drivers of GBM,3–6 such as RTKs including EGFR. Together with Tome-Garcia et al, these studies establish that TEAD-dependent YAP/TAZ transcriptional targets in GSCs include gene expression programs that govern epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration, and neural differentiation, and stem/progenitor cell self-renewal and proliferation, including EGFR itself.1,4,5 In nervous system development, YAP and TAZ are expressed in radial glia and cortical and ependymal neural stem/progenitor cells, where they are required for TEAD-dependent proliferation, expansion, and structural organization of these cell types during neurogenesis.7 Thus, YAP/TAZ-TEAD recapitulate their neurodevelopmental roles in GBM, and drive an EGFR-mediated feedforward loop that promotes the pathogenic properties of GSCs.
Dupilumab achieves durable reduction in severity of symptoms rated most important by patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Claire Hopkins, Stella Lee, Wytske Fokkens, Eugene Chang, Jérôme Msihid, Asif Khan, Urvi Mujumdar, Siddhesh Kamat, Scott Nash, Shahid Siddiqui, Juby Jacob-Nara, Yamo Deniz, Paul Rowe
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Tracking daratumumab clearance using mass spectrometry: implications on M protein monitoring and reusing daratumumab
Authors: Nadine Abdallah, David Murray, Angela Dispenzieri, Prashant Kapoor, Morie A. Gertz, Martha Q. Lacy, Suzanne R. Hayman, Francis K. Buadi, Wilson Gonsalves, Eli Muchtar, Nelson Leung, David Dingli, Taxiarchis Kourelis, Rahma Warsame, Moritz Binder, Robert A. Kyle, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Shaji Kumar
Journal: Leukemia (2022)

The increased use of daratumumab, a CD38 targeted IgG1κ monoclonal antibody [1], in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and related plasma cell disorders has introduced challenges in the accurate assessment of treatment response with gel-based techniques due to difficulty distinguishing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and endogenous disease-related monoclonal (M) proteins sharing the same migration pattern and isotype [2].Immunoglobulin enrichment coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry termed MASS-FIX is a mass spectrometry-based assay with superior sensitivity in detecting M proteins over conventional gel-based techniques [3,4], and ability to differentiate therapeutic monoclonal antibodies from endogenous M proteins based on unique retention time and mass [5,6], replacing immunofixation in routine practice at Mayo Clinic since 2018.As the utilization of monoclonal antibodies increases, it becomes increasingly important to understand their persistence patterns in the serum of treated patients; mass spectrometry-based assays provide an ideal opportunity for this evaluation.This study was designed to evaluate the duration of daratumumab detection by MASS-FIX in the serum of treated patients and identify factors associated with clearance.Using a prospectively maintained database, we identified 118 patients who received daratumumab for the treatment of a plasma cell disorder anytime during their disease course between March 15, 2016, and July 31, 2020, and who had at least one MASS-FIX result available within 12 months of daratumumab discontinuation.The method for MASS-FIX testing has been previously described [7].We then collected serial MASS-FIX data obtained after daratumumab discontinuation until last follow-up, and evaluated the association between daratumumab clearance and clinical/laboratory parameters from the time of discontinuation.We measured the time to daratumumab clearance defined as time from the last daratumumab dose to the first MASS-FIX test on which daratumumab was not detected, with the observation censored at the last MASS-FIX date if still detected.We also