tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Flash Pulmonary Edema in a 70-Year-Old Man
Authors: Katherine Lutz, Cassie Mullen, Liat Litwin
Journal: Circulation (2021)

TRACESlife-threatening etiologies of TWI exist, including acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular accidents, and Wellens syndrome. 3Wellens syndrome presents with a typical pattern of features, but is often overlooked as one of the numerous noncritical etiologies of TWI, particularly because patients may not have chest pain and can have normal troponin.In this case, Wellens syndrome could have been missed if the patient had not undergone repeat ECGs and further investigation.It is vital for physicians to evaluate the differential for TWIs and recognize the constellation of Wellens syndrome because ECG may be the only indication of imminent anterior wall MI.
Induction of nitric oxide synthase gene by interleukin-1 beta in cultured rat cardiocytes.
Authors: MTsujino, YHirata, TImai, KKanno, SEguchi, HIto, FMarumo
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDImpaired myocardial contractility in septic shock is protracting, which may be caused by cytokine-induced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the heart. However, the cellular mechanism by which cytokines induce nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in cardiocytes remains obscure.METHODS AND RESULTSWe studied the effect of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on synthesis of NO2-/NO3- (NOx) and the expression of NOS mRNA and protein in cultured neonatal rat cardiocytes. IL-1 beta dose-dependently (0.1 to 10 ng/mL) stimulated NOx production as a function of time (6 to 48 hours). Northern blot analysis using complementary DNAs for rat brain-type constitutive (c) NOS and mouse macrophage-type inducible (i) NOS as probes showed that IL-1 beta induced expression of mRNA for iNOS but not for cNOS, starting after 6 hours and reaching a maximum after 48 hours in cardiocytes. IL-1 beta similarly induced iNOS mRNA expression in cultured adult rat cardiocytes in a time-dependent manner. Western blot analysis u...
The accuracy of inferring left ventricular volume from dimension depends on the frequency of information needed to answer a given question.
Authors: B KSlinker, S AGlantz
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Left ventricular volume is an important variable in cardiovascular physiology. Because volume cannot be transduced directly, by necessity people measure one or more cardiac dimensions, then implicitly or explicitly estimate volume. Despite its common use, this practice has never been adequately justified. Previous validations of the use of left ventricular dimensions to infer volume have ignored the complexity of the relation between dimensions and volume, particularly over a broad range of hemodynamic states, and have not considered the frequency content of the volume signal needed to answer a given physiological question. We show that, strictly speaking, the assumptions underlying this practice are false. The resulting errors are of little practical consequence under many circumstances, whereas they can be quite important under other circumstances. We consider the frequency content of the volume signal to organize our examples and findings. In this general framework, we find that, for most assessments o...
Blood pressure, sodium intake, and sodium related hormones in the Yanomamo Indians, a "no-salt" culture.
Authors: W JOliver, E LCohen, J VNeel
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The Yanomamo Indians are an unacculturated tribe inhabiting the tropical equatorial rain forest of northern Brazil and southern Venezuela who do not use salt in their diet. The group therefore presented an unusual opportunity to study the hormonal regulation of sodium metabolism in a culture with life-long extreme restriction of dietary sodium, with parallel observations on blood pressure. Blood pressures increased from the first to second decade but, in constrast to civilized populations, do not systematically increase during subsequent years of life. In twenty-four hour urine collections on adult male Indians, excretion of sodium averaged only 1 plus or minus 1.5 (SD) mEq. Simultaneous plasma renin activities were elevated and comparable to those of civilized subjects placed for brief periods on 10 mEq sodium diets. Similarly, excretion rates of aldosterone equaled those of acculturated subjects on low sodium diets. The findings suggest that the hormonal adjustments to life-long low sodium intakes are s...
Regional myocardial perfusion and glucose metabolism in experimental left bundle branch block.
Authors: SOno, RNohara, HKambara, KOkuda, CKawai
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDSeveral authors have reported cases in which 201Tl scintigraphy demonstrated perfusion abnormality in the septum of patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and normal coronary arteriogram. The mechanism of this abnormality, however, remains to be clarified.METHODS AND RESULTSTo determine whether LBBB itself induces abnormal myocardial perfusion and ischemia and to elucidate its mechanism, we used an in vivo animal model. LBBB was induced by right ventricular pacing in 17 open-chest dogs. We examined myocardial perfusion and glucose uptake using 201Tl and 18F-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. 201Tl activity in the septum was reduced to 74.7 +/- 14.5% of its maximal activity, and mean activity was 86.5 +/- 5.3% in the free wall (p less than 0.05). 18F activity in the septum was also reduced compared with that in the free wall (67.4 +/- 12.1% versus 88.0 +/- 5.2%, p less than 0.05). Regional myocardial blood flow was significantly reduced in the septum compared with the free wall, averaging...
AstraZeneca vaccine: Blood clots are “extremely rare” and benefits outweigh risks, regulators conclude
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Investigations by EU and UK regulators into reports of unusual blood clots after receiving the Oxford-AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccine have concluded that these are a “possible” and “extremely rare” side effect. Neither agency established a causal relation.

However, although both regulators concluded that no age restrictions were necessary for the vaccine, the UK’s vaccine advisory committee has decided that adults under 30 who are healthy and not at risk of developing severe covid-19 should be offered an alternative vaccine where possible.

Wei Shen Lim, chair of the UK’s Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, said, “We are not advising a stop to any vaccination for any individual in any age group. We are advising a preference for one vaccine over another vaccine for a particular age group, really out of the utmost caution rather than because we have any serious safety concerns.”

Among more than 20 million people who have been vaccinated with the AstraZeneca vaccine in the UK so far, 79 cases of rare blood clots with low platelets have been reported, as well as 19 deaths, said the UK’s Medicines and Healthcare …
Effects of heparin and N-acetyl heparin on ischemia/reperfusion-induced alterations in myocardial function in the rabbit isolated heart.
Authors: G SFriedrichs, K SKilgore, P JManley, M RGralinski, B RLucchesi
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Evidence is presented that heparin pretreatment produces protective effects on myocardial tissue distinct from its anticoagulant activity. The present study examines the ability of heparin sulfate and N-acetyl heparin (a derivative of heparin devoid of anticoagulant effects) to protect the heart from injury associated with global ischemia and reperfusion. Male New Zealand White rabbits were administered either heparin sulfate (n = 7, 300 U/kg i.v.), N-acetyl heparin (n = 6, 1.73 mg/kg i.v.), or vehicle (n = 6). Two hours after treatment, the hearts were removed, perfused on a Langendorff apparatus, and subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia, followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion. During reperfusion, creatine kinase concentrations in the coronary sinus effluent were greater in hearts from vehicle-treated rabbits compared with hearts from N-acetyl heparin-treated and heparin-treated rabbits. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure after 45 minutes of reperfusion in the vehicle-treated group was 64 +/- 1...
Measures of Psychosis Proneness and Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia—Reply
Authors: Hannah J. Jones, Stanley Zammit
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Cardiac persistence of cardioviral RNA detected by polymerase chain reaction in a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: BKyu, AMatsumori, YSato, IOkada, N MChapman, STracy
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDIn our model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), cardiac dilatation and hypertrophy developed after inoculation of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), but the infectious virus was isolated only early after infection. In this study, we investigated whether viral RNA could be detected at later times using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).METHODS AND RESULTSIn the in vitro study, FL (human amnion) cells infected with EMCV were harvested for RNA extraction, and viral cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription with random hexamers. Using oligonucleotide primers with homology to the 5' noncoding region of EMCV, we enzymatically amplified a 121-base pair band, which was homologous to a probe specific for EMCV as demonstrated by Southern blot hybridization. The sensitivity of this PCR technique was at the level of about 10(2)-10(3) copies of viral RNA genome. In the in vivo study, four-week-old DBA/2 mice were inoculated with EMCV intraperitoneally (10 pfu/mouse) and killed on days 1,2,3,5,7,10,14,18,...
Marked platelet activation in vivo after intravenous streptokinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: D JFitzgerald, FCatella, LRoy, G AFitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (1988)

We assessed thromboxane biosynthesis as an index of platelet activation in 6 patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving intravenous streptokinase. Urinary 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 and plasma 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2, major enzymatic metabolites of thromboxane A2, were markedly increased after intravenous streptokinase (11,063 +/- 2758 pg/mg creatinine and 33 +/- 10 pg/ml, respectively) compared with levels in patients not receiving thrombolytic therapy (502 +/- 89 pg/mg creatinine and 3 +/- 0.7 pg/ml). Prostacyclin biosynthesis also increased markedly after streptokinase coincident with the increase in thromboxane A2 formation. Administration of aspirin between the time of onset of coronary thrombosis and reperfusion both in man and in a canine preparation demonstrated that this reflected thromboxane biosynthesis de novo and not metabolism of preformed inactive thromboxane B2 washed out from the coronary circulation. Since the platelet is the major source of thromboxane A2, these findings sugges...
Some bases of differences in vascular response to sympathetic activity.
Authors: J ABevan
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

Basic patterns of neuroeffector organization vary widely in the vasculature, in general, with vessel diameter and type, and confer distinctive properties. The smaller the vessel, the more intimate the neuroeffector relationship, the more localized the action of the released transmitter, and the more important myogenic conduction compared to transmitter diffusion for the coordination of vascular effector response. Seemingly superimposed upon these basic general patterns are other variable features, conferring upon vessels of similar size and type diversity of function. These variables include sensitivity and magnitude and possible location of alpha- and beta-receptors and their subtypes, presence and nature of intrinsic vascular tone, and the density and pattern of adrenergic innervation to mention the more important. Functional diversity in neuroeffector characteristics can, to some extent, be understood in relation to embryological development, neurotrophic influences, effector regulation of innervation,...
Lactoferrin is required for early B cell development in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Lingyu Wei, Can Liu, Jia Wang, Xiang Zheng, Qiu Peng, Qiurong Ye, Zailong Qin, Zhengshuo Li, Xiaoyue Zhang, Yangge Wu, Yuqing Wen, Xuemei Zhang, Qun Yan, Jian Ma
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2021)

Lactoferrin (Lf) is widely distributed in mammalian milk, various tissues, and their exocrine fluids and has many physiological functions, such as bacteriostasis, antivirus, and immunoregulation. Here, we provide evidence that lactoferrin is required for early stages of B cell development in mice. Lactoferrin-deficient (Lf-/-) C57BL/6 mice showed systematic reduction in total B cells, which was attributed to the arrest of early B cell development from pre-pro-B to pro-B stage. Although the Lf-/- B cell "seeds" generated greater pro-B cells comparing to wild type (WT) littermates, the Lf-/- mice bone marrow had less stromal cells, and lower CXCL12 expression, produced a less favorable "microenvironment" for early B cell development. The underlying mechanism was mediated through ERK and AKT signalings and an abnormality in the transcription factors related to early differentiation of B cells. The Lf-/- mice also displayed abnormal antibody production in T cell-dependent and T cell-independent immunization experiments. In a pristane-induced lupus model, Lf-/- mice had more serious symptoms than WT mice, whereas lactoferrin treatment alleviated these symptoms. This study demonstrates a novel role of lactoferrin in early B cell development, suggesting a potential benefit for using lactoferrin in B cell-related diseases.
Strength-duration and probability of success curves for defibrillation with biphasic waveforms.
Authors: S AFeeser, A STang, K MKavanagh, D LRollins, W MSmith, P DWolf, R EIdeker
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Certain biphasic waveforms require less energy to defibrillate than do monophasic pulses of equal duration, although the mechanisms of this increased effectiveness remain unclear. This study used strength-duration and percent success curves for defibrillation with monophasic and biphasic truncated exponential waveforms to explore these mechanisms. In part 1, defibrillation thresholds were determined for both high- and low-tilt waveforms. The monophasic pulses tested ranged in duration from 1.0 to 20.0 msec, and the biphasic waveforms had first phases of either 3.5 or 7.0 msec and second phases ranging from 1.0 to 20.0 msec. In part 2, defibrillation percent success curves were constructed for 6.0 msec/6.0 msec biphasic waveforms with a constant phase-one amplitude and with phase-two amplitudes of approximately 21%, 62%, 94%, and 141% of phase one. This study shows that if the first phase of a biphasic waveform is held constant and the second phase is increased in either duration or amplitude, defibrillati...
Postextrasystolic potentiation worsens fast filling of the hypertrophied left ventricle in aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: W JPaulus, S USys, PNellens, G RHeyndrickx, EAndries
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Impaired left ventricular (LV) filling in aortic stenosis (AS) and in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is caused by slow LV pressure decay, which could be explained by depressed inactivation of hypertrophied myocardium. Postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP), which increases activator calcium, could lead to further deterioration of LV relaxation. The influence of PESP on LV filling dynamics was, therefore, investigated in normal controls and in patients with LV hypertrophy caused by AS or by HCM. LV hemodynamics and LV hemodynamic relaxation indexes were determined during normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and after PESP. LV pressures were recorded by micromanometer tip catheters (controls, n = 10; AS, n = 17; HCM, n = 11). Simultaneous mitral flow Doppler echocardiograms were obtained in patients with LV hypertrophy (AS, n = 8, HCM, n = 5). Despite significant increases of LV dP/dtmax after PESP in all three study groups, PESP affected LV hemodynamic relaxation indexes differently. The time constant of LV pressur...
Decreased hydrodynamic resistance in the two-phase flow of blood through small vertical tubes at low flow rates.
Authors: G RCokelet, H LGoldsmith
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The aggregation of red blood cells in blood flowing through small tubes at very low shear rates leads to the two-phase flow of an inner core of rouleaux surrounded by a cell-depleted peripheral layer. The formation of this layer is known to be accompanied by a decrease in hydrodynamic resistance to flow. To quantitate this effect, we measured the pressure gradient, flow rate, and the radius of the red blood cell core in suspensions flowing through tubes of 172-microns radius at mean linear flow rates (U) from 50 to 0.15 tube diameters.sec-1. Washed red blood cells were suspended in 1.5% buffered dextran 110 at hematocrits of 34-52%. Using syringe pumps, blood flowed from a stirred reservoir through a vertical 12-cm length of tube in either the upward or downward direction. The pressure drop was measured with transducers. Mean values in distributions in the core radius were obtained by analyzing cine films of flow taken through a microscope with flow in the upward direction, measuring the core radius at fi...
Treatment of Attention-Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Josephine Elia, Paul J. Ambrosini, Judith L. Rapoport
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common but controversial syndrome characterized by developmentally inappropriate hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention.1 The disorder, which continues throughout life,27 usually begins in childhood and is characterized by excessive activity, even when adjusted for developmental level, and limited behavioral control. A severely affected child, in whom behavioral control is absent, is exhausting to care for.ADHD is controversial despite the acceptance of specific diagnostic criteria. That it is an extreme form of commonly occurring types of behavior rather than a disorder with discrete determinants is suggested by genetic studies, including a large study of twins, in . . .
Integrating haemodynamics identifies an extreme pulmonary hypertension phenotype
Authors: William M. Oldham, Edward Hess, Stephen W. Waldo, Marc Humbert, Gaurav Choudhary, Bradley A. Maron
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>These data illustrate the risk continuum based on multiple right heart catheterisation measurements when modelled together, but also identify pulmonary artery wedge pressure &gt;15 mmHg and &lt;12 mmHg as particularly high risk</b>https://bit.ly/3whDEOV
The cAMP response element binding protein is expressed and phosphorylated in cardiac myocytes.
Authors: P HGoldspink, BRussell
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Cardiac cells grow in response to a number of stimuli that activate intracellular signaling pathways. The cAMP-signaling pathway mediates the activation of gene transcription in other cell types by the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB-P). Our aim was to explore the physiological role of CREB-P in response to elevated cAMP in cardiac cells by determining if phosphorylation of CREB-P (to phosphoCREB-P) rapidly induces transcription in culture. Primary embryonic chick heart cultures were used in which cAMP was raised by forskolin (5 mumol/L) or isoproterenol (10 mumol/L) treatment. Since both these agents have inotropic effects, tension production was controlled with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM). This allowed us to determine whether the cAMP-signaling pathway or the contractile state was regulating phosphorylation and transcription. The responses for time periods up to 2 hours were assayed with antibodies to detect phosphoCREB-P and by quantitative filter hybridization for creb gene expression. ...
Analysis of Brain Injury Biomarker Neurofilament Light and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes and Retinopathy of Prematurity Among Preterm Infants
Authors: Ulrika Sjöbom, William Hellström, Chatarina Löfqvist, Anders K. Nilsson, Gerd Holmström, Ingrid Hansen Pupp, David Ley, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Karin Sävman, Ann Hellström
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Circulating levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are important in the course of brain injury in adults, but longitudinal postnatal circulating levels in preterm infants have not been investigated. <h3>Objectives</h3> To examine postnatal longitudinal serum levels of NfL and GFAP in preterm infants during the first 15 weeks of life and to explore possible associations between these biomarkers, neonatal morbidities, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study used data from 3 clinical studies, including 221 infants born before 32 weeks gestational age (GA) from 1999 to 2015; neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated in 120 infants. Data were collected at tertiary-level neonatal intensive care units in Gothenburg, Lund, and Uppsala, Sweden. Data analysis was conducted from January to October 2020. <h3>Exposure</h3> Preterm birth. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Serum NfL and GFAP levels, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular hemorrhage, and Bayley Scales of Infant Development II and III at 2 years of age, analyzed by multivariate logistic regression measured by odds ratio (OR), and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Area under the curve (AUC) was also measured. <h3>Results</h3> The 221 included infants (108 [48.9%] girls) had a mean (SD) GA at birth of 26.5 (2.1) weeks and a mean (SD) birth weight of 896 (301) grams. NfL levels increased after birth, remaining high during the first 4 weeks of life before declining to continuously low levels by postnatal age 12 weeks (median [range] NfL level at birth: 58.8 [11.5-1371.3] ng/L; 1 wk: 83.5 [14.1-952.2] ng/L; 4 wk: 24.4 [7.0-306.0] ng/L; 12 wk: 9.1 [3.7-57.0] ng/L). In a binary logistic regression model adjusted for GA at birth, birth weight SD score, Apgar status at 5 minutes, and mode of delivery, the NfL AUC at weeks 2 to 4 was independently associated with any ROP (OR, 4.79; 95% CI, 2.17-10.56;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). In an exploratory analysis adjusted for GA at birth and sex, NfL AUC at weeks 2 to 4 was independently associated with unfavorable neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years corrected age (OR per 10-unit NfL increase, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13;<i>P</i> = .01). Longitudinal GFAP levels were not significantly associated with neonatal morbidity or neurodevelopmental outcome. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, high NfL levels during the first weeks of life were associated with ROP and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age. Associations between NfL and later neurovascular development in infants born prematurely should be investigated further.
RESPONSE: Re: Promoter Methylation and Silencing of the Retinoic Acid Receptor- Gene in Lung Carcinomas
Authors: A. F. Gazdar, S. Zochbauer-Moller, A. Virmani, J. Kurie, J. D. Minna, S. Lam
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)