tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3057: Tissue Engineered Three-layered Artery Using Hemodynamically-equivalent Pulsatile Bioreactor
Authors: Kiyotaka Iwasaki, Koji Kojima, Shota Kodama, Cristina Paz, Mitsuo Umezu, Charles A Vacanti
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Due to lack of anti-thrombogenicity in small diameter vascular prostheses, there is a strong demand for tissue-engineering autologous small-diameter graft, which can function in arterial high pressure and flow environments. Here, we investigated a potential to engineer a robust and three-layered artery. Methods: Endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts were isolated with collagenase from bovine artery, then each cell were primary cultured. A polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet seeded with SMCs was wrapped on silicon tube with a diameter of 6 mm. After 4 days of incubation, a polycaprolactone sheet seeded with SMCs was over-wrapped. Then, after incubation for another 3 weeks, a PGA sheet seeded with fibroblasts was over-wrapped and incubated for another 2 days. The luminal tube was then removed out, and the tubular tissue was mounted on a specially designed chamber. The luminal areas of engineered tubular structure were seeded with half a million of ECs and incubated for another 2days. Finally, bioreactor culture was performed for more 2weeks (n=10). Pulsatile flow and pressure were gradually increased from mean flow rate of 0.2(0.5/0) L/min and mean pressure of 20(40/15) mmHg to 0.6(1.4/0.2) L/min and 100(120/80) mmHg. Results: Scanning electron microscopic examination and von Willebrand factor stain revealed that ECs lined over the lumen and oriented by flow stimulation. Stain of Elastica Van Gieson and Masson Tricrome showed that a lot of elastin components and collagen were produced in the tissue engineered grafts. Stain for α-SMA, calponin, and vimentin showed that engineered arteries were constructed from SMC and fibroblasts regions and morphologically organized as three layered. Tensile tests demonstrated that ultimate strength of engineered arteries were increased by 6.7 times as compared with that of biodegradable polymers (n=8) and become equivalent to that of the native arteries (Native: 882±133kPa, Engineered: 827±155kPa) (each n=8). Conclusion: A robust and three-layered small-diameter elastic artery was engineered from vascular cells and biodegradable polymers using the hemodynamically-equivalent pulsatile bioreactor.
Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Cervical Spine
Authors: P. W. Conlon, I. C. Isdale, B. S. Rose
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1966)

A retrospective survey of 845 patients with rheumatoid arthritis seen at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Rotorua, showed that approximately 60 per cent.had signs or symptoms of neck involve- ment, which varied from mild to severe (Conlon, Isdale, and Rose, 1963).Seven patients had radiological evidence of moderate or severe atlanto- axial subluxation, but it was felt that subluxation was probably more common than these figures indicated, particularly as other surveys by Martel (1961), Bland, Davis, London, van Buskirk, and Duarte (1963), and Serre, Simon, Janicot, and Levy (1964), using tomography, showed a much higher incidence of atlanto-axial subluxation where this was specifically sought.For this reason a prospec- tive study was planned to ascertain the frequency of this abnormality and other rheumatoid changes, the significance of the degenerative changes seen in these x rays, and the frequency with which neurological signs resulted from rheumatoid changes, particularly cervical subluxation. Material and MethodsIn the 12 months starting in October, 1962, 848 patients were admitted to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Rotorua.At the time of admission, in addition to routine x rays of chest, hands, and feet, a lateral view of the cervical spine in maximum flexion, taken at 6 feet and centred on C2 was obtained.These radiographs were subsequently read independently by two observers, with particular regard to the presence or absence of features previously suggested as common in or characteristic of rheumatoid disease (Bland and others, 1963) and degenerative change.When the two observers disagreed, the films were re- assessed and referred to a further independent observer.The patients were assessed by the American Rheumatism Association criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.Cases were assigned to the degenerative joint 120
Abstract 3126: Pulmonary Valve Replacement In Chronic Pulmonary Regurgitation In Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Influence Of Preoperative QRS-duration On Postoperative Right Ventricular Function
Authors: Mechthild Westhoff-Bleck, Girke Stefan, Thomas Breymann, Joachim Lotz, Stafanie Pertsch, Oktay Tutarel, Phillip Röntgen, Harald Bertram, Armin Wessel, Helmut Drexler, Gerd Peter Meyer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Chronic pulmonary regurgitation (PR) causes progressive right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and heart failure. Parameters defining the optimal time point for surgery of chronic PR are lacking. The present study prospectively evaluated the impact of clinical parameters, cardiorespiratory function and neurohumoral activation on post operative RV function and volumes assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after pulmonary valve replacement in patients with severe PR. Methods and Results: MRI was performed preoperatively and at follow-up 5.2±3.5months after surgery in 27 patients (23.6±2.9 years, 15 women) with severe PR. Underlying cardiac disease was repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (n=22), Double outlet right ventricle (n=3) and PR after pulmonary valvulotomy (n=2). Postoperatively, RV endsystolic (RVESVI) and enddiastolic volume indices (RVEDVI) decreased significantly (RVESVI pre 78,2±20,4 ml/m 2 BSA vs. RVESVI post 52,2±16,8 ml/m 2 BSA, p&lt;0,001; RVEDVI pre 150,7±27,7 ml/m 2 BSA vs. RVEDVI post 105,7±26,7 ml/m 2 BSA; p&lt;0,001). Mean RV ejection fraction (RVEF) remained unchanged in the study cohort (47.6 ± 8.7% vs. 49.7 ±7.0%, n.s.). Preoperative volumes did not correlate with postoperative ejection fraction. With increasing preoperative QRS-duration, postoperative RVEF decreased significantly (r=−0.57; p&lt;0,005). A preoperative QRS-duration smaller than the median (156ms) predicted an improved RVEF as compared to a QRS-duration ≤ 156ms (54.9% vs. 46.8%, p&lt;0.05). Neither elevated NT-proBNP levels nor reduced cardiorespiratory function were able to predict postoperative RVEF. Conclusion: Valve replacement in severe pulmonary regurgitation causes significant reduction of RV volumes. Prolonged preoperative QRS-duration was associated with a worse outcome with respect to postoperative RVEF. During follow-up an increase in QRS-duration in patients with chronic PR might indicate deterioration in RV function reflecting a risk of impaired RV function postoperatively.
Abstract 4201: A New Echo Index, Left Atrial Volume Index Over Late Diastolic Mitral Annulus Velocity Can Predict Elevated Left Ventricular Filling Pressures And Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hun-Jun Park, Mahn-Won Park, Byung-Joo Shim, Mi-Jung Lee, Jae-Hong Park, Sung-Kyu Yoon, Joo-Yeoul Baek, Woo-Seung Shin, Yoon-Seok Koh, Dong-Il Shin, Hae-Ok Jung, Sang-Hong Baek, Sang-Hyun Ihm, Pum-Joon Kim, Ki-Bae Seung, Kyu-Bo Choi
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Another non-invasive method for prediction of elevated left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) have attracted attention in clinical practice. Objectives: This study was to verify the clinical usefulness of left atrial volume index over late diastolic mitral annulus velocity (LAVi/A′) for the predictors of advanced (pseudonormal to restrictive physiology) diastolic dysfunction in the presence of elevated LVFP and clinical outcomes using right heart catheterization (RHC). Methods: 163 patients (95 men, mean age 61±13 years) with dyspnea underwent comprehensive Doppler echocardiography, RHC and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement. Using ROC curve, we compared the areas under the curves (AUC) of LAVi/A′, transmitral early diastolic/annular velocity ratio (E/E′), and BNP level for the prediction of advanced diastolic dysfunction. During a median follow-up of 13.3 months, the incidence of the composite outcomes of cardiac death or re-hospitalization for heart failure was compared based on the optimal cut-off value of LAVi/A′. Results: The AUC of LAVi/A′ was comparable to that of BNP (0.91 vs. 0.90; p=0.78) and E/E′ (0.91 vs. 0.93; p=0.78) for prediction of advanced diastolic dysfunction. 68/163 (41.7%) patients had LAVi/A′ ≥4.0 and they had significantly higher BNP level and longer time difference between atrial reversal flow of pulmonary vein and transmitral late diastolic flow (AR dur -A dur ) compared with those of LAVi/A′ &lt;4.0 (BNP: 1207±1212 vs. 176±365 pg/ml; AR dur -A dur: 24.6±21.1 vs. −3.3±15.9 msec, p&lt;0.001, respectively). The LAVi/A′ had a reasonable correlation with mean PCWP (r=0.64, r 2 =0.41, p=0.001), which was comparable to that of E/E′ (r=0.60, r 2 =0.36, p=0.002). On Cox proportional hazard analysis, EF&lt;50%, age ≥65 years, and LAVi/A′ ≥4.0 were independent outcome predictors with odds ratios of 4.8 (95% CI: 2.0 to 11.7), 3.8 (95% CI: 1.8 to 7.8), and 3.9 (95% CI: 1.5 to 9.8), respectively (p&lt;0.01 for all). Conclusions: LAVi/A′ ≥4.0 is useful clinical predictors for advanced diastolic dysfunction in the presence of elevated LVFP and clinical outcomes.
Sexual health
Authors: M. W Adler
Journal: BMJ (1998)

ABC p 1509 

The political events of the past few weeks, when three British cabinet ministers were either forced to admit their homosexuality or had it exposed by others, illustrates how difficult individuals, the press, and society find it to deal with sexual matters and sexual identity. Like any other members of the public, doctors will at times grapple with their own sexual orientation and problems and have varying views and value systems about sexual matters and morality. But they also have a responsibility to be well informed about sexual health so that they can educate and help patients at the same time as adopting a neutral and non-censorious position. It …
Foreign Body Abscess Mimicking a Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Johannes Salamon, Christian Hagel, Reinhard E. Friedrich, Victor F. Mautner, Thorsten Derlin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

We report a case of a 47-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type 1 presenting with a growing and painful lesion within the right thigh, suggesting a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. MRI showed a T2-weighted hyperintense lesion with surrounding edema and contrast enhancement. (18)F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated inhomogeneously increased tracer uptake within the right thigh. Histopathologic evaluation revealed a foreign body with purulent fibroinflammatory reaction. (18)F-FDG PET/CT is a highly sensitive tool for detection of malignant transformation in neurofibromatosis type 1, but false-positive findings may be observed in benign lesions, for example, inflammatory processes.
Long-Term Orthopedic Effects Of Delaying Prophylaxis In Severe Hemophilia A Until Age 6 Years: Results Of The Joint Outcome Study Continuation (JOSc)
Authors: Marilyn J. Manco-Johnson, Michael L Manco-Johnson, Taylor A Blades, Sharon Funk, Heidi Lane, Kevin McRedmond, Amy L. Dunn, Michael Recht, Amy D. Shapiro, Leonard A. Valentino, Deborah Brown
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 1908: Airway Pressure Release Ventilation Improves Pulmonary Blood Flow and Cardiac Output Following Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Mark A Walsh, Michelle Merat, Gustavo La Rotta, Preetha Joshi, Vinay Joshi, Tuyen Tran, Steve Jarvis, Glen S Van Arsdell, Chris Caldarone, Andrew N Redington, Brian P Kavanagh
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction:  Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) maintains a constant airway pressure (P aw ) with brief intermittent pressure reductions and permits spontaneous respiration without triggering the ventilator. Elevated P aw  can critically reduce pulmonary blood flow (Q P ). We hypothesized that spontaneous ventilatory effort transmitted to the pleural space during APRV would result in a transient decrease in intrapleural pressure and increase Q P  follow surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot or cavopulmonary connection (Glenn, Fontan).   Methods:  After obtaining IRB approval and patient consent, we studied children immediately following surgery. Q P  and cardiac output (CO) were compared with APRV and positive pressure ventilation, with/without spontaneous ventilation. APRV was compared with positive pressure ventilation in the absence and presence of spontaneous respiratory effort in 4 × 30-minute phases. Oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) was measured (mass spectrometer), and Q P  and CO calculated (Fick equation). Constant levels of PaCO 2  and mean P aw  were targeted in all study phases.   Results:  Nineteen patients were enrolled in the study, 9 following repair of tetralogy of Fallot and 10 following a Glenn/Fontan operation. In the absence of spontaneous ventilation, there were no differences in Q P  or any of the measured gas exchange or hemodynamic parameters. In the presence of spontaneous ventilation, there were significant differences in the measured parameters (Table).   Conclusion:  Ventilation with APRV (at comparable mean P aw ) improves Q P , and other gas exchange/hemodynamic variables compared with positive pressure ventilation in children following cardiac surgery. Although this study focused on tetralogy of Fallot repair and Glenn/Fontan operations, the improved cardiopulmonary interactions may be beneficial in other situations where hemodynamics are adversely modified by positive pressure ventilation.
Abstract 12132: 3′,4′-Dihydroxyflavonol Reduces Superoxide and Improves Nitric Oxide Function in Diabetic Rat Mesenteric Arteries
Authors: Owen L Woodman, Chen H Leo, Joanne L Hart
Journal: Circulation (2010)

3′,4′-Dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) is an effective antioxidant that acutely preserves nitric oxide (NO) activity in the presence of elevated superoxide. We hypothesized that DiOHF treatment (7 days, 1mg/kg per day sc) would improve relaxation in mesenteric arteries from diabetic rats where oxidant stress causes endothelial dysfunction. Mesenteric arteries were isolated from normal, normal+DiOHF, diabetic and diabetic+DiOHF rats. Superoxide levels, assayed by lucigenin chemiluminescence, were significantly increased in diabetic mesenteric arteries (diabetes, 4892±946 counts/mg versus normal 2486±344 counts/mg, n=7–10, p<0.01) associated with an increase in Nox2 expression but DiOHF (2094±300 counts/mg, n=10, p<0.001) reversed that effect. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation of mesenteric arteries was assessed using wire myography (pEC50=7.94±0.13 n=12). Diabetes significantly reduced the sensitivity to ACh and treatment with DiOHF prevented endothelial dysfunction (pEC50, diabetic 6.86±0.12 versus diabetic...
Clinical Utility of Slam Family Member CD229 in Identifying Tumor Cells and High-Risk Disease Markers, CD86 (B7-2) and CD126 (IL-6 receptor), Using Flow Cytometric Analysis in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Akiko Yamada, Hideto Tamura, Mariko Ishibashi, Koiti Inokuchi, Makoto Sasaki, Yuriko Yahata, Norio Komatsu, Atsushi Isoda, Morio Matsumoto, Hiroshi Handa, Yoichi Imai, Junji Tanaka, Sakae Tanosaki, Shigeki Ito, Yoji Ishida, Michiaki Koike
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 212: Clinical Profile and Outcome Following Implantation of Permanent Pacemakers and Cardioverter Defibrillators in the Nonagenarians and Centenarians
Authors: Arti N Shah, Bharat K Kantharia
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: As per the United Nations World Population prospectus, the life expectancy in the USA is 78.2 yrs. Even among the elderly geriatric population, the nonagenarians and centenarians are a ...
One-Year Results of the SCORPIUS Study
Authors: Dietrich Baumgart, Volker Klauss, Frank Baer, Franz Hartmann, Helmut Drexler, Wolfgang Motz, Heinrich Klues, Stefan Hofmann, Wolfgang Völker, Thomas Pfannebecker, Hans-Peter Stoll, Georg Nickenig
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Abstract P198: Does Neighborhood Poverty Account for Race/Ethnic Differences in Sleep Duration?
Authors: Bonnie R Bright, Mercedes R Carnethon, Peter John D De Chavez, Kwang-Youn Kim, Kristen L Knutson, Kiang Liu, Kiarri Kershaw
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Shorter sleep duration and poorer quality sleep are commonly observed in non-white vs. white racial/ethnic groups. Reasons for these racial/ethnic differences are unknown. Our objective is to determine whether neighborhood poverty, which may reflect more noise exposure, crowding and social stress, explains racial/ethnic differences in sleep. Methods: The Chicago Area Sleep Study identified men and women 35-64 years old without sleep apnea via commercially available telephone listings (N=510; 31% Black, 22% Asian, 21% Hispanic, and 26% White). Participant addresses were geocoded, and residence in a census tract with &gt;20% poverty based on American Community Survey data was classified as “high poverty”. Participants wore wrist actigraphs for 7 days (Actiwatch TM ) to determine sleep duration and sleep percentage (percentage of time during the primary sleep interval spent sleeping). Multivariable regression analysis was used to test whether race remained significantly associated with sleep following adjustment for neighborhood poverty. Results: Black (86%) and Hispanic (66%) participants were more likely to live in high poverty areas as compared with Whites (33%) and Asians (6%). In unadjusted analyses, living in a high poverty census tract was associated with a significantly lower mean sleep percentage (β= -1.80, SE=0.42, p&lt;0.01) and a higher odds of sleeping &lt;6 hrs/night (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.67). However, these associations were attenuated in adjusted models, and they did not account for race differences in sleep (Table). Conclusions: Neighborhood poverty was unassociated with a lower sleep percentage or shorter sleep in adjusted models, and it did not account for racial/ethnic differences in sleep. Further investigation of specific features of neighborhood poverty (e.g., crime, crowding) and household environment factors that may explain racial/ethnic differences in sleep is warranted.
Abstract 18138: Molecular Mechanism Whereby Activated State of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Attenuate Inverse Agonist Efficacy
Authors: Takanobu Takezako, Masaji Ishiguro, Sadashiva S Karnik, Hisamitsu Baba, Koichi Node
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Angiotensin II type 1receptor (AT1R) can be activated by mechanical stress without involving angiotensin II stimulation, and play a critical role in the cause of cardiac hypertrophy. AT1R blocker (ARB) can prevent it by inverse agonist action. The binding affinity of the ARBs has been known to be strongly reduced in activated state of the AT1R compare to in the ground state of the AT1R. It suggests that active conformational change of the AT1R alter binding mode of ARBs, and thereby alter the inverse agonist efficacy. We compared inverse agonist efficacy of four ARBs (Losartan, EXP3174, Irbesartan and Valsartan) between ground state and activated state of the AT1R, and found that active conformational change of the AT1R strongly attenuate the inverse agonist efficacy of all four ARBs. Hence, we examined the molecular mechanism whereby activated state of the AT1R attenuates the inverse agonist efficacy of the ARBs by performing site-directed mutagenesis, ligand binding, inositol phosphate formation, and molecular modeling. AT1 wild type (AT1WT) and constitutively active N111G mutant used as model of ground state and activated state of the AT1R, respectively. Since identifying the molecular mechanism of the inverse agonism will be useful for developing new strong inverse agonistic ARB. Molecular models based on the effect of mutant on binding affinity and inverse agonist efficacy of the ARBs suggest that interactions of ARBs with Val108 and Ser109 in transmembrane domain (TM)3, Gln257 in TM6, and Asn295 in TM7 stabilize the AT1R in inactive conformation, and causes inverse agonist activity. Molecular models also suggest that active conformational change of the AT1R attenuate the interaction of ARBs with Gln257 and Asn295, and thereby attenuate stabilizing the AT1R in inactive conformation, resulting in attenuated inverse agonist efficacy. We conclude that attenuation of the interaction with TM6 and TM7 is molecular mechanism whereby activated state of the AT1R attenuates the inverse agonist efficacy of ARBs. Our findings will be useful for developing new class of strong inverse agonistic ARB.
Dible and Davie's Pathology: An Introduction to Medicine and Surgery
Authors: James Henry Dible, Thomas Benjamin Davie
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 8620: Real-Time Prediction of Cardiac Arrest in Critically Ill Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department Using a Neural Network Score Incorporating Heart Rate Variability Compared with the Modified Early Warning Score
Authors: Marcus Ong, Christina HL Ng, Jun Yang Goh, Nan Liu, Zhi Xiong Koh, Nur Shahidah, Tongtong Zhang, Stephanie Fook-Chong, Zhiping Lin
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Aims A key aim of triage is to identify those with high risk of cardiac arrest as they require intensive monitoring, resuscitation facilities and early intervention. We aim to validate a novel neural network (NN) score incorporating Heart Rate Variability (HRV) for triage of critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department by comparing the area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity with the modified early warning score (MEWS). Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of critically ill patients in an emergency department of a tertiary hospital. At presentation, HRV parameters generated from a 5-minute electrocardiogram recording are incorporated with age and vital signs to generate the NN score for each patient. The patients are then followed up for outcomes of cardiac arrest or death. Results From June 2006 to June 2008, we enrolled 925 patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for NN scores in predicting cardiac arrest within 72 hours is 0.781 (95% CI: 0.724-0.839) as compared to 0.680 (95% CI: 0.597-0.762) for MEWS. As for in-hospital death, the area under the curve for NN score is 0.741 (95% CI: 0.688-0.795) as compared to 0.693 (95% CI: 0.638-0.748) for MEWS. A cutoff NN score of ≥ 60 predicted cardiac arrest with a sensitivity of 84.1% (95% CI: 66.1-91.1), specificity of 72.3% (95% CI: 69.2-75.2) and NPV of 98.8% (95% CI: 97.5-99.4). A cutoff MEWS of ≥ 3 predicted cardiac arrest with a sensitivity of 74.4% (95% CI: 58.5-86.0), specificity of 54.2% (95% CI: 50.8-57.5) and NPV of 97.8% (95% CI: 95.9-98.8). Conclusion We found NN scores to be more accurate than MEWS in predicting cardiac arrest within 72 hours and death. This has potential to develop real-time bedside device for triage based on cardiac arrest prediction.