tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prehospital Severe Trauma Management in Tactical Medicine—Reply
Authors: Tobias Gauss, François-Xavier Ageron, Pierre Bouzat
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
The use of preintervention and postintervention thallium imaging for assessing the early and late effects of experimental coronary arterial reperfusion in dogs.
Authors: R DOkada, G MPohost
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To determine if thallium-201 imaging of myocardial perfusion can be used as an early predictor of myocardial salvage after reperfusion, 24 adult dogs were subjected to complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery with release of the snare 2 hr later. Separate doses of thallium (1 mCi) and microspheres were given 15 min before, 5 min after, and 1 hr after release of the snare. Gamma camera images of the heart were obtained after each injection of thallium. Preinjection images were also acquired before the second and third doses and were subtracted from the postinjection images to eliminate the counts due to residual activity from the prior injections. The chest was then closed and the dog allowed to recover. The chest was reopened 48 hr later, final doses of thallium and microspheres were administered, and the heart was imaged. After the dog was killed, the left ventricle was sliced from apex to base, and any infarct was outlined with triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining. The slices we...
Peptidergic modulation of mechanotransduction in rat arterial baroreceptors.
Authors: M YYang, M CAndresen
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Regularly discharging baroreceptors in a rat in vitro aortic arch preparation were exposed to increasing concentrations of one of four vasoactive peptides: angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin, atrial natriuretic factor, or substance P. Slow ramps of pressure evoked discharge responses in single-fiber baroreceptors. Instantaneous discharge frequency was measured simultaneously with aortic diameter and pressure. During constriction induced by angiotensin II or arginine vasopressin, baroreceptor diameter threshold (Dth) decreased and pressure threshold (Pth) tended to increase; these effects were reduced or eliminated by nitroprusside. Atrial natriuretic factor and substance P by themselves were without effect on vessel diameter or on baroreceptor discharge. In preparations preconstricted with a moderate concentration of phenylephrine (10(-8) M), atrial natriuretic factor reduced the phenylephrine-induced constriction and increased Dth and decreased Pth. Substance P, even at high concentrations, was less ef...
Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders: Endoscopic Features and Treatment
Authors: S Bradai, M Mahmoudi, A Khsiba, A Ben mohamed, M Medhioub, L Hamzaoui, MM Azzouz
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Eosinophilic digestive disorders (EGD) are a rare condition characterized by extensive eosinophilic infiltration of a segment of the digestive tract.The goal of our work is to study the clinical, endoscopic and therapeutic characteristics of EGD.
Esmolol tilt testing with esmolol withdrawal for the evaluation of syncope in the young.
Authors: MOvadia, DThoele
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDHead-upright tilt (HUT) testing is valuable in evaluating syncope. Isoproterenol is used to increase sensitivity. However, isoproterenol is contraindicated or dangerous in undiagnosed heart disease and produces false-positives. We introduced esmolol withdrawal during esmolol HUT, hypothesizing that (1) acute withdrawal of the ultrashort-acting beta-blocker induces beta-adrenergic effects by unmasking endogenous catecholamines and may provoke syncope with fewer risks, and (2) response to esmolol/esmolol withdrawal may predict effective therapy.METHODS AND RESULTSThirty-six patients with unexplained recurrent syncope/presyncope (7 to 35 years old, known heart disease or arrhythmia in 14) underwent 2 to 4 HUT tests (60 degrees, 49 minutes): (1) baseline, (2) esmolol (500 micrograms/kg plus 50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), (3) esmolol withdrawal (HUT continued after esmolol stopped), and (4) isoproterenol if tests 1 through 3 were negative and isoproterenol was not contraindicated. A positive test reprodu...
Role of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Hypertension
Authors: Shi Fang, M. Christine Livergood, Pablo Nakagawa, Jing Wu, Curt D. Sigmund
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

Nuclear receptors represent a large family of ligand-activated transcription factors which sense the physiological environment and make long-term adaptations by mediating changes in gene expression. In this review, we will first discuss the fundamental mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate their transcriptional responses. We will focus on the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) family of adopted orphan receptors paying special attention to PPARγ, the isoform with the most compelling evidence as an important regulator of arterial blood pressure. We will review genetic data showing that rare mutations in PPARγ cause severe hypertension and clinical trial data which show that PPARγ activators have beneficial effects on blood pressure. We will detail the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs in the brain, kidney, vasculature, and immune system modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes, such as endothelial function. Finally, we will discuss the role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia, a life threatening form of hypertension during pregnancy. We will close with a viewpoint on future research directions and implications for developing novel therapies.
Takayasu's disease in twin sisters. Possible genetic factors.
Authors: FNumano, IIsohisa, UKishi, MArita, HMaezawa
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Takayasu's disease is well-known for its characteristic clinical features and its elusive etiology. Recently, we encountered twin Japanese sisters, both of whom were diagnosed as having Takayasu's disease. The parents, two sisters, and one brother are healthy. Family history revealed the parents are first cousins. Analyses of serveral blood types and HLA typing were performed on all members of the family, and it was confirmed that these twins are monozygotic. Moreover, HLA typing analyses revealed that one haplotype found in the father was passed only to these twins. The history of consanguinity of the parents, the occurrence in twins, and the results of HLA typing suggest a genetic factor in the etiology of Takayasu's disease.
Myocardial LDH isozyme distribution in the ischemic and hypoxic heart.
Authors: G LHammond, BNadal-Ginard, N STalner, C LMarkert
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Small myocardial specimens were obtained from 12 patients undergoing coronary reconstructive surgery and from 12 patients undergoing surgical correction for cyanotic congenital heart defects. The specimens were analyzed for LDH isozyme distribution. A control analysis was performed on myocardial specimens obtained at the time of surgical correction for acyanotic congenital heart defects in seven patients with normal coronary arteries. There was a 42% increase in the proportion of A subunits in the hearts of coronary patients as compared to controls. This represented a shift toward an anaerobic isozyme distribution. There was no change in the percentage of A units from the hearts of cyanotic patients as compared to acyanotic hearts of the same age. Cardiac muscle from patients with coronary vascular disease had an altered LDH subunit composition. Such an alteration was not present with chronic systemic hypoxia. These deficiencies may or may not be related to differing local metabolic responses to the two c...
Shortening velocity and myosin and myofibrillar ATPase activity related to myosin isoenzyme composition during postnatal development in rat myocardium.
Authors: VCappelli, RBottinelli, CPoggesi, RMoggio, CReggiani
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The relation between functional properties of the contractile apparatus, such as shortening velocity and ATPase activity, and myosin isoenzyme composition was studied in ventricular myocardium of adult (60-90-day-old) rats and of newborn (3-day-old) and young (10- and 20-day-old) rats. In adult animals, variations of isomyosin pattern were produced by reducing food intake and by changing the thyroid state. Hyperthyroidism was induced with triiodothyronine daily injection for 15 days; hypothyroidism was induced with iodine-free diet and KClO4 in drinking water for 50-60 days. The following parameters were studied: 1) calcium-magnesium-activated and magnesium-activated ATPase activity of washed and purified myofibrils, 2) calcium-activated ATPase activity of purified myosin, 3) isomyosin composition and relative content of alpha-myosin heavy chains (alpha-MHCs), and 4) force-velocity curve of left and right ventricle papillary muscles. To take into account the difference in excitation-contraction coupling b...
A clinical study of left ventricular relaxation.
Authors: YHirota
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Left ventricular (LV) relaxation was studied in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, n =18), congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM, n = 11), hypertensive heart disease (HHD, n = 8), coronary artery disease (CAD) without left ventricular (LV) asynergy (n = 9) and with LV asynergy (n =17), mitral stenosis (MS, n = 16), and mitral regurgitation (MR, n = 8). The time constant T and peak negative dP/dt were used as indexes of LV relaxation, and 18 normal subjects served as controls. The time constant T was higher in elderly patients among normal contros (r = 0.652, p < 0.01), which suggests that prolongation of relaxation is a phenomenon of aging. The normal value of the time constant T was 33 +/- 8 msec (mean +/- SD), and that of peak negative dp/dt was 1864 +/- 390 mm Hg/sec. The time constant T was significantly higher in HCM (64 +/- 20 msec), CCM (56 +/- 14 msec), CAD without asynergy (53 +/- 16 msec), CAD with asynergy (57 +/- 13 msec) and MS (47 +/- 12 msec). Peak negative dP/dt was significantly low...
The pressor response to angiotensin II in patients with low renin essential hypertension.
Authors: A DMarks, D BMarks, Y NKim, JMoctezuma, E VAdlin, B JChannick
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

The etiology of low renin essential hypertension (LREH) has not been established with certainty, but mineralocorticoid excess has been implicated frequently in its pathogenesis. The finding of several investigators of a normal exchangeable sodium space and extracellular fluid volume, however, does not support this hypothesis. To evaluate the possible role of sodium and water retention in LREH, the pressor response to infused angiotensin II (A II) was determined and compared to that of normal subjects and that of subjects with normal renin essential hypertension (NREH). This approach was based on the known suprasensitivity of vascular receptors to A II in situations in which sodium and water compartments are expanded as they are, for example, in proven hypermineralocorticoid states such as primary aldosteronism. In this study, we found that subjects with LREH demonstrated no increased pressor response to graded doses of A II; this suggests that LREH is not primarily mediated by sodium and water retention.
Revisiting Decreased Fetal Movements After 28 Weeks Gestation—An Important Obstetric Symptom and Surrogate Associated With Placental Insufficiency
Authors: Lay-Kok Tan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Jessica M. Turner, MScRes; Vicki Flenady, PhD; David Ellwood, DPhil; Michael Coory, PhD; Sailesh Kumar, DPhil
Platelet-activating factor effects on bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells.
Authors: G YGrigorian, U SRyan
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Endothelial cells (ECs) were isolated from bovine pulmonary artery and maintained in long-term culture. On reaching confluency, ECs formed a characteristic cobblestone monolayer. One hour after addition of 1 nM platelet-activating factor (PAF) to the growth medium, ECs underwent dramatic changes in shape from their normal polygonal morphology to more elongated spindle-shaped forms. More pronounced effects were evident in the presence of 0.1 nM phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of C kinase. It was found that at concentrations from 10(-11)-10(-7) M, PAF stimulates the phosphoinositide turnover in EC. The half-maximal activation in the release of inositol phosphates was at 10(-9) M. This finding suggested that an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and activation of protein kinase C were involved in the mechanism of action of PAF on EC. The metabolic responses of EC were evaluated by measuring the activity of beta-adrenergic receptor-coupled adenylate cyclase (AC) in a crud...
Extent of sinus involvement in patients with bilateral nasal polyposis (NP) : baseline sinus ct scan results from a phase 2a study
Authors: Claus Bachert, S. J. Zinreich, Peter Hellings, J. Mullol, D. L. Hamilos, Philippe Gevaert, R. M. Naclerio, N. Amin, V. N. Joish, C. Fan, D. Zhang, G. Pirozzi, N. M. Graham, A. Khan, L. Mannent
Journal: Allergy (2017)
Ca <sup>2+</sup> signalling is critical for autoantibody‐induced blistering of human epidermis in pemphigus*
Authors: T. Schmitt, D.T. Egu, E. Walter, A.M. Sigmund, R. Eichkorn, A. Yazdi, E. Schmidt, M. Sárdy, R. Eming, M. Goebeler, J. Waschke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Background Pemphigus is a severe bullous autoimmune skin disease. Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is characterized by antidesmoglein (Dsg) 1 IgG causing epidermal blistering; mucosal pemphigus vulgaris (mPV) by anti-Dsg3 IgG inducing erosions in the mucosa; and mucocutaneous pemphigus vulgaris (PV) by affecting both, with autoantibodies targeting Dsg1 and Dsg3. Objectives To characterize the Ca2+ flux pathway and delineate its importance in pemphigus pathogenesis and clinical phenotypes caused by different antibody profiles. Methods Immunoprecipitation, Ca2+ flux analysis, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, dissociation assays and a human skin ex vivo model were used. Results PV IgG and PF IgG, but neither Dsg3-specific monoclonal antibody (AK23) nor mPV IgG, caused Ca2+ influx in primary human keratinocytes. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase α interacts with Dsg1 but not with Dsg3. Its downstream target – phospholipase-C-γ1 (PLC) – was activated by PV IgG and PF IgG but not AK23 or mPV IgG. PLC releases inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) causing IP3 receptor (IP3R) activation and Ca2+ flux from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol, which stimulates Ca2+ release-activated channels (CRAC)-mediated Ca2+ influx. Inhibitors against PLC, IP3R and CRAC effectively blocked PV IgG and PF IgG-induced Ca2+ influx; ameliorated alterations of Dsg1 and Dsg3 localization, and reorganization of keratin and actin filaments; and inhibited loss of cell adhesion in vitro. Finally, inhibiting PLC or IP3R was protective against PV IgG-induced blister formation and redistribution of Dsg1 and Dsg3 in human skin ex vivo. Conclusions Ca2+-mediated signalling is important for epidermal blistering and dependent on the autoantibody profile, which indicates different roles for signalling complexes organized by Dsg1 and Dsg3. Interfering with PLC and Ca2+ signalling may be a promising approach to treat epidermal manifestations of pemphigus.
Percutaneous Repair or Surgery for Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Anita W Asgar, Paul Khairy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair Study (EVEREST II; ClinicalTrials.govnumber, NCT00209274) is important, since the technology under study is an initial step toward extending percutaneous therapy for valvular heart disease to patients with mitral regurgitation.Of equal or greater importance, however, is that the study represents the first time a multi-institutional cohort of patients undergoing surgical mitral-valve repair has been followed prospectively with echocardiography for any length of time.The results in the surgery group of the trial are highly disappointing: within 1 year after surgery, 20% of the patients had grade 3+ or 4+ mitral regurgitation and 2% of the patients had such severe recurrent mitral regurgitation that repeat surgery was required.A surgically placed valve prosthesis that was associated with such poor early results would probably not receive regulatory approval.These sobering findings call into question the widespread enthusiasm for mitral repair that is now supported by current American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines. 1 The results of EVEREST II also set a low standard against which emerging percutaneous approaches for mitral regurgitation need be compared.
Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Rong-Hui Du, Li-Rong Liang, Cheng-Qing Yang, Wen Wang, Tan-Ze Cao, Ming Li, Guang-Yun Guo, Juan Du, Chun-Lan Zheng, Qi Zhu, Ming Hu, Xu-Yan Li, Peng Peng, Huan-Zhong Shi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

We appreciate the thoughtful comments of H-J. Yang and co-workers in their correspondence addressing the predictors of mortality for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Their comments are very helpful to improve the expression and increase the quality of our paper [1]. Author response to the correspondence regarding "Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study" <https://bit.ly/31X8cal>
Inhalation of sidestream cigarette smoke accelerates development of arteriosclerotic plaques.
Authors: APenn, C ASnyder
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDEnvironmental tobacco smoke has been blamed for approximately 40,000 excess deaths from heart disease annually in the United States. As yet, no pathophysiological process that could be responsible for these deaths has been identified. Environmental tobacco smoke is composed mainly of aged and diluted sidestream smoke but also contains 15% to 20% exhaled mainstream smoke. Carcinogens, including nitrosamines and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, are present in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke. Carcinogen levels in sidestream smoke, unlike those in mainstream smoke, are not reduced in filtered cigarettes. The US Environmental Protection Agency has designated environmental tobacco smoke as a human (class A) carcinogen. In cockerels, subtumorigenic doses of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons carcinogens accelerate aortic arteriosclerotic plaque development.METHODS AND RESULTSTo determine whether sidestream smoke inhalation affects arteriosclerotic plaque development, we exposed cockerels to side...
Reduction of ischemic depolarization by the calcium channel blocker diltiazem. Correlation with improvement of ventricular conduction and early arrhythmias in the dog.
Authors: W TClusin, MBuchbinder, A KEllis, R SKernoff, J CGiacomini, D CHarrison
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Calcium channel blockers suppress early ischemic arrhythmias, possibly by diminishing intracellular calcium overload and its effect on the ventricular action potential. To explore this, we compared the effects of diltiazem on ischemic  potentials and ventricular fibrillation during serial coronary artery occlusions in dogs. Injury potentials and ventricular fibrillation were elicited every 15-25 minutes by simultaneous occlusion of the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries during rapid atrial pacing. DC epicardial electrograms were recorded differentially between the ischemic region and a small nonischemic region supplied by a proximal branch of the left anterior descending artery. Injury potentials developed with a uniform time course during five control occlusions, but were reduced by diltiazem infusion (0.5 mg/kg over 25 minutes) in each of eight dogs. The mean diastolic injury potential (T-Q depression) at 150 seconds of ischemia was 9.1 +/- 2.7 mV before diltiazem and 6.1 +/- 1.6 m...
Cellular abnormalities in chronically denervated myocardium. Implications for the transplanted heart.
Authors: A JDrake-Holland, M INoble
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Heart transplantation involves chronic effects due to denervation, rejection, and treatment of rejection. The chronically denervated dog heart provides a model for the effects of denervation alone. These hearts have been shown to contain intrinsic neurons with VIP and NPY as possible neurotransmitters. Myocardial tissue noradrenaline concentration falls to very low levels after degeneration of postganglionic sympathetic neurons, but dopamine remains in near-normal concentration and is probably synthesized extraneuronally. ANP is present and released normally; however, the natriuretic response to atrial distension is blunted, suggesting that this response is mainly due to a reflex mechanism. Chronically denervated myocardial tissue exhibits increased oxygen consumption in vitro and increased Na-K, ATPase activity but has normal tissue levels of ATP and creatine phosphate. Glucose oxidation is inhibited in vivo, associated with increased levels of fructose-6-phosphate but normal glucose-6-phosphate, suggest...
Independence of myocardial oxygen consumption from pressure-volume trajectory during diastole in canine left ventricle.
Authors: HSuga, YGoto, OYamada, YIgarashi
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

We have found that myocardial oxygen consumption is linearly correlated with the systolic pressure-volume area in the canine left ventricle. This pressure-volume area is a specific area in the pressure-volume diagram that is circumscribed by the end-systolic pressure-volume relation line, the end-diastolic pressure-volume relation curve, and the systolic segment of the pressure-volume trajectory. This area is equivalent to the total mechanical energy generated by ventricular contraction, consisting of the external mechanical work and the mechanical potential energy. In the present study, we specifically changed the course of the diastolic segment of the pressure-volume trajectory without changing the systolic segment of the pressure-volume trajectory and the systolic pressure-volume area. Although the fractions of external mechanical work and mechanical potential energy in the pressure-volume area were markedly changed, the simultaneously measured left ventricular oxygen consumption remained unchanged. Th...