tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Janus kinase inhibitors on the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Young Ho Lee, Gwan Gyu Song
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

Impact of Janus kinase inhibitors on the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trialsWe read with great interest the article by Xie and colleagues 1 regarding the impact of Janus kinase inhibitors (Jakinibs) on the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed no significant change in cardiovascular risks for Jakinib-treated patients with RA in a short-term perspective study.However, some methodological issues must be addressed.First, Cochran Q is the weighted sum of squares on a standardised scale, and when it is reported with low p values, it indicates heterogeneity. 2 However, care must be taken when interpreting the χ 2 test results because it has low power in the common situation of a meta-analysis, especially when studies have a small sample size or few cases.While a statistically significant result may indicate a problem with heterogeneity, a non-significant result must not be considered evidence of no heterogeneity.Although no definitive cut-off value has been established at which no data pooling should be performed, a p value of 0.10, rather than the conventional level of 0.05, is usually used to determine statistical significance. 2Second, two statistical models can be used for meta-analyses: the fixed-effects model and the random-effects model.The selection of the appropriate model is important to ensure that various statistics are estimated correctly. 3 The choice of the meta-analysis method should be explained, and a rationale for choosing the statistical model should also be stated. 4 The fixed-effects model is generally used in the absence of heterogeneity in a meta-analysis that includes a large number of studies, preferably with large sample sizes.If heterogeneity is a concern, the random-effects model has been advocated for data pooling.A high heterogeneity was detected among the three kinds of Jakinibs for venous thromboembolism events (I 2 =63.5%) and all cardiovascular events (I 2 =71.7%). 1 Considering the substantial and considerable heterogeneity, the random-effects model would be the more appropriate choice in those cases.A random-effects meta-analysis may be used to incorporate heterogeneity among studies. 5However, this is not a substitute for a thorough investigation of heterogeneity. 4 Exploration of possible causes of heterogeneity is always advisable.Thus, we believe that the findings of this study should be interpreted with consideration of the aforementioned methodological concerns.
Detection of unique transmural architecture of human idiopathic cardiomyopathy by ultrasonic tissue characterization.
Authors: A KWong, E DVerdonk, B KHoffmeister, J GMiller, S AWickline
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDNoninvasive approaches to the evaluation of idiopathic cardiomyopathy are limited. Recent work from our laboratory has used quantitative ultrasound to define the three-dimensional structure of normal human myocardium and the myocardial remodeling associated with infarction. Our goal was to define the role of ultrasonic tissue characterization for detection of specific alterations in the three-dimensional transmural architecture of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.METHODS AND RESULTSWe measured frequency-dependent backscatter from 22 cylindrical biopsy specimens from nine explanted fixed hearts of patients who underwent heart transplantation for idiopathic cardiomyopathy, seven specimens from normal portions, and 12 specimens of infarcted tissue from six explanted fixed human hearts. Consecutive transmural levels from each specimen were insonified with a 5-MHz broadband transducer. The dependence of apparent (uncompensated for attenuation) backscatter, B(f), on frequency (f) was computed from ra...
Sympathoinhibitory effects of atrial natriuretic factor in normal humans.
Authors: J SFloras
Journal: Circulation (1990)

In rats, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) reduces sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) reflexively by sensitizing cardiac mechanoreceptors with inhibitory vagal afferents. We performed three series of experiments in 26 normal young men to document whether ANF inhibits SNA in humans and if so, to determine potential mechanisms for this phenomenon. First, we recorded muscle SNA before and during brief infusions of ANF, vehicle (saline solution), and sodium nitroprusside, titrated to achieve reductions similar to those produced by ANF in diastolic pressure and central venous pressure, and we also assessed the effect of ANF on sympathetic nerve responses to a cold pressor test (CPT). Second, we determined the effect of ANF on Doppler-derived measurements of cardiac output and responses to hypotensive (-40 mm Hg) lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) and its sudden cessation. Third, we applied nonhypotensive (-15 mm Hg) LBNP to selectively unload cardiopulmonary baroreceptors, and we released LBNP to stimulate these ...
Antibody to Endotoxin in the Treatment of Gram-negative Sepsis
Authors: Jerome J. Schentag
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<i>The following letter was received after the authors had written their reply</i>. —Ed. <h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Both studies of antiendotoxin monoclonal antibodies in sepsis<sup>1,2</sup>clearly showed that the enrolled population with presumed gram-negative sepsis who received these products did not benefit more than those who received placebo. As a consequence, the data were reanalyzed after as many as 60% of those enrolled had been excluded. Both products were then shown to benefit the remaining subpopulation. However, statistical significance in the remaining 40% of enrollees is not very strong justification for the administration of antiendotoxin therapy to every patient who may have gram-negative bacteremia if there is no way to identify the important subgroup in advance. Thus, both studies create an urgent need for effective bedside criteria for use of these products. Clearly, it is not possible to identify gram-negative bacteremia, but it does not necessarily follow that patients
Effects of treatment on outcome in mildly symptomatic patients with ischemia during daily life. The Atenolol Silent Ischemia Study (ASIST)
Authors: C JPepine, P FCohn, P CDeedwania, R SGibson, EHandberg, J AHill, EMiller, R GMarks, UThadani
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDDetection of asymptomatic ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease has been associated with increased risk for adverse outcome, but treatment of patients with asymptomatic ischemia remains controversial. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine if treatment reduces adverse outcome in patients with daily life ischemia.METHODS AND RESULTSA multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic outpatients with daily life silent ischemia due to coronary artery disease was conducted. The primary outcome measure was event-free survival at 1 year by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Events were death, resuscitated ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, aggravation of angina, or revascularization. The secondary outcome was ischemia during ambulatory ECG monitoring at 4 weeks. Three hundred six outpatients with mild or no angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society class I or II), abnorm...
Identification of congenital malformations of the great arteries in infants by real-time two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: B JMaron, W LHenry, J MGriffith, R MFreedom, D TKelly, S EEpstein
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Real-time, two dimensional echocardiography was used to identify great artery relations in 23 infants and small children, including 16 patients with angiography documented transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, or pulmonary aresia. Using this technique, the heart was scanned perpendicular to its long axis at the origin of the great arteries. Great arteries cross-sectioned perpendicular to their long axes appear as circles; when sectioned longitudinally these arteries appeared as elongated sausage-shaped structures. I- patients with normally related great arteries, a curcular structure (aorta) always was positioned posterior to an elongated, sausage-shaped structure (distal right ventricular outflow tract and proximal main pulmonary artery). In transposition of the great arteries, two adjacent circular structures were observed; the anterior circle (aorta) was located to the right, left or directly anterior to the posterior circle (pulmonary artery). In pulmonary atresia or hypoplasis, a ...
Granulocytes and no-reflow phenomenon in irreversible hemorrhagic shock.
Authors: JBarroso-Aranda, G WSchmid-Schönbein, B WZweifach, R LEngler
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Recent evidence shows that circulating granulocytes play an important role in capillary stasis and tissue injury. We investigated two aspects of the problem in a Wiggers hemorrhagic shock model of the rat: the survival rate and the microvascular no-reflow phenomenon. A conventional group of rats with normal blood cells and a neutropenic group of rats pretreated with intraperitoneal antigranulocyte antibody were used to evaluate the effects of granulocytes. Two hemorrhagic shock protocols (HSP) were carried out. In HSP-1, the rats were subjected to 40 mm Hg mean arterial pressure for 3 hours. The conventional group (n = 11) showed a 36% survival rate compared with 100% in the neutropenic group (n = 6). In HSP-2, the hypotension was more severe, 30 mm Hg mean arterial pressure for 7 hours. There were no survivors in the conventional group (n = 8), compared with a 100% survival rate in the neutropenic group (n = 6). The extent, location, and mechanism of the no-reflow phenomenon was investigated by examining...
Zpoem With Direct Mucosotomy On The Septum, To Facilitate Access And Closure Of The Tunnel
Authors: PJ Rosón, FM Fernandez, J Cotta, J Calle, E Albeniz
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Zenker’s diverticulum treatment by POEM technique allows a complete myotomy to be performed, reducing the risk of recurrence and improving safety. There are different ways to create the mucosotomy, in the video we present a direct access on the septum that facilitates the difficult maneuverability in the narrow pharyngeal space and the closure of it once it is finished. Once the mucosotomy is done, two tunnels are created, one on the diverticular side and the other on the esophageal side to completely isolate the cricopharyngeal muscle, a complete myotomy of the septum is performed, and the mucosotomy is closed.
Radiofrequency thermal angioplasty maintains arterial duct patency. An experimental study.
Authors: S EAbrams, K PWalsh, M JDiamond, M JClarkson, PSibbons
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDLong-term maintenance of arterial duct patency by a catheter technique would be a valuable nonsurgical method of palliation for duct-dependent circulations. We used a new method: percutaneous radiofrequency thermal balloon angioplasty of neonatal lamb arterial ducts.METHODS AND RESULTSRadiofrequency balloons 5 or 6 mm in diameter were introduced via the femoral vein of 32 neonatal lambs and inflated to 4 atm. In 28, a radiofrequency generator was used to heat the saline/contrast mixture in the balloon to 65 degrees C (n = 2), 75 degrees C (n = 2), 85 degrees C (n = 10), 100 degrees C (n = 8), and 120 degrees C (n = 6). In 4 lambs, angioplasty alone was performed. Lambs were recatheterized to assess patency at intervals up to 78 weeks. Immediate results showed the arterial duct to be patent in all cases, with a mean rise in systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 13 +/- 8 mm Hg and a mean rise in pulmonary artery oxygen saturation of 12 +/- 15%. With a mean follow-up of 45.7 +/- 28 weeks, 3 of the ...
Retinoids and PUVA in psoriasis
Authors: K. Wolff, H. Honigsmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Retinoids and PUVA in psoriasis Get access K. Wolff, K. Wolff Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna, Alser Strasse 4, A‐1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Hönigsmann H. Hönigsmann Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna, Alser Strasse 4, A‐1090 Vienna, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue 2, 1 August 1984, Pages 247–248, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04056.x Published: 01 August 1984
Expression of recombinant genes in myocardium in vivo after direct injection of DNA.
Authors: HLin, M SParmacek, GMorle, SBolling, J MLeiden
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The ability to program recombinant gene expression in cardiac myocytes in vivo holds promise for the treatment of many inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. In this report, we demonstrate that a recombinant beta-galactosidase gene under the control of the Rous sarcoma virus promoter can be introduced into and expressed in adult rat cardiac myocytes in vivo by the injection of purified plasmid DNA directly into the left ventricular wall. Cardiac myocytes expressing recombinant beta-galactosidase were detected histochemically in rat hearts for at least 4 weeks after injection of the beta-galactosidase gene. These results demonstrate the potential of this method of somatic gene therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Frequency of provoked coronary arterial spasm in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography.
Authors: M EBertrand, J MLaBlanche, P YTilmant, F AThieuleux, M RDelforge, A GCarre, PAsseman, BBerzin, CLibersa, J MLaurent
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We established the incidence of coronary artery spasm provoked by 0.4 mg of methergine in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. The test was performed after routine coronary arteriography. Subjects included patients with angina, both typical and atypical, patients who had recently had myocardial infarction and patients with either valvular disease or congestive cardiomyopathy. Patients with spontaneous spasm, left main narrowing or severe three-vessel disease were excluded. One hundred thirty-four patients experienced focal spasm. Focal spasm was uncommon in patients with atypical precordial pain (1.2%), angina of effort (4.3%), valvular disease (1.95%) or cardiomyopathy (0%). It occurred most often in patients with angina at rest and less often in patients with angina both at rest and induced by exercise. Spasm was provoked in 20% of patients with recent transmural infarction, but in only 6.2% of patients studied later after infarction. Spasm was superimposed on fixed atherosclerotic...
Redistribution of red blood cell flow in microcirculatory networks by hemodilution.
Authors: A RPries, AFritzsche, KLey, PGaehtgens
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The effect of isovolemic hemodilution on red blood cell flow distribution was studied in complete self-contained microvessel networks of the rat mesentery. Hematocrit, diameter, and length of all vessel segments as well as the topological structure were determined in control networks (systemic hematocrit, 0.54) and after hemodilution (systemic hematocrit, 0.30). Hemodilution was performed by exchanging blood with hydroxyethyl starch (MW 450,000; 6%) or homologous plasma. With hemodilution, the decrease of microvessel hematocrit exceeded that of systemic hematocrit. The average discharge hematocrit in capillaries was 79% of systemic hematocrit in the control group and 73% with hemodilution (p less than 0.001). The heterogeneity of capillary hematocrit within the network, expressed by the coefficient of variation, increased from 0.4 to 0.7. By using the morphological and topological data of four networks, the distribution of hematocrits was also calculated using a hydrodynamic flow model. The modeling resul...
Alterations in contractility and intracellular Ca2+ transients in isolated bundles of skeletal muscle fibers from rats with chronic heart failure.
Authors: C LPerreault, HGonzalez-Serratos, S ELitwin, XSun, CFranzini-Armstrong, J PMorgan
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

To determine if chronic heart failure (CHF) leads to functional or structural alterations of skeletal muscle, we compared intracellular Ca2+ signaling, contractility, and the rate of fatigue development, together with electron microscopy (EM), in skeletal muscle preparations from rats with myocardial infarction-induced CHF versus sham-operated control rats. Bundles of 100 to 200 cells were dissected from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of control (n = 13) and CHF (n = 19) rats and were either loaded with aequorin or fixed for EM. Muscles from CHF rats exhibited depressed tension development compared with control muscles during twitches (1.4 +/- 0.2 versus 2.8 +/- 0.7 g/mm2, P < .05) and maximal tetani (5.3 +/- 1.4 versus 10.7 +/- 2.4 g/mm2, P < .05). Depressed tension in CHF was accompanied by reduced quantitative [Ca2+]i release during twitches (0.7 +/- 0.1 versus 0.4 +/- 0.1 microM, P < .05) and during maximal tetani (1.8 +/- 0.3 versus 0.9 +/- 0.2 microM, P < .05). Skeletal muscle from CHF r...
New studies of the excitatory sodium currents in heart muscle.
Authors: H AFozzard, C TJanuary, J CMakielski
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

After decades of frustration with inadequate methods, cardiac electrophysiologists have developed new techniques for superior control of membrane potential by use of single cells, and they have begun careful study of cardiac Na+ currents. Direct recordings of the behavior of single Na+ channels have been made by the newly developed patch clamp technique. Biochemists have made excellent progress purifying and characterizing the Na+ channel proteins, and there has been some initial success in reconstituting these partially purified channels into lipid bilayers, where their function can be studied. Even at this early stage of development of these new techniques, several conclusions are warranted: The cardiac Na+ currents are not accurately described by the original Hodgkin-Huxley mathematical formulation, making undesirable the further use of this model for study of cardiac excitation and conduction. We need to keep an open mind as to the kinetic behavior of Na+ channels, until the newer experimental techniq...
Relation of baseline characteristics to suppression of ventricular arrhythmias during placebo and active antiarrhythmic therapy in patients after myocardial infarction.
Authors: J LAnderson, A PHallstrom, L SGriffith, R BLedingham, J AReiffel, SYusuf, A HBarker, R EFowles, J BYoung
Journal: Circulation (1989)

In the Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study (CAPS), patients early (6-60 days) after acute myocardial infarction (MI) with ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) of over 10 per hour were randomized to receive, unaware, therapy with one of four antiarrhythmic drugs (n = 402) or placebo (n = 100). Treatment success was defined as 70% or more decrease in VPC rate and 90% or more decrease in VPC runs. If the first active drug was ineffective, a second drug was given. If placebo was ineffective, a second placebo was given. To determine whether or not baseline clinical characteristics predict the response to antiarrhythmic therapy, 10 baseline variables were selected for investigation: age, prior MI, time from CAPS MI to randomization, ejection fraction, baseline VPC frequency, presence of runs (greater than or equal to 3 consecutive VPCs, greater than or equal to 100 beats/min), beta-blocker therapy, digitalis therapy, MI transmurality, and MI location. At the end of the first drug treatment, apparent treatment succ...
Mechanism of early ischemic contractile failure. Inexcitability, metabolite accumulation, or vascular collapse?
Authors: YKoretsune, M CCorretti, HKusuoka, EMarban
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The basis of early ischemic contractile failure was investigated in perfused ferret hearts at 27 degrees C. Isovolumic left ventricular developed pressure fell by more than 50% within 30 seconds of the onset of total global ischemia and reached zero by 5 minutes. Monophasic action potential recordings revealed no decrease in excitability during this period. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectra obtained at 30-second resolution showed no significant changes in inorganic phosphate or phosphocreatine during the first 30 seconds of ischemia. Intracellular pH (pHi) and ATP changed even more slowly; therefore, none of these metabolites could account for the rapid fall in force. To gauge the contribution of intravascular pressure, we compared ordinary aortic flow occlusion with tissue-level ischemia induced by massive coronary microembolization at the level of the precapillary arterioles. Functional depression developed significantly more slowly in the microembolized hearts, despite accumulation of inorg...
Electrocardiographic diagnosis of postinfarction regional pericarditis. Ancillary observations regarding the effect of reperfusion on the rapidity and amplitude of T wave inversion after acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: P BOliva, S CHammill, W DEdwards
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThe ECG recognition of diffuse pericarditis following acute myocardial infarction has been based on changes of the ST segment and, to a lesser extent, alterations of the PQ segment. No ECG criteria exist for the diagnosis of postinfarction regional pericarditis. Recently, it was observed that the T wave evolution follows an atypical pattern before fatal free wall rupture and that this pattern is due to the associated pericarditis. Therefore, this study was conducted on 200 patients with acute myocardial infarction to further elucidate the sensitivity and specificity of the atypical T wave changes in patients with regional postinfarction pericarditis without rupture and to assess the affect of lytic treatment on the rapidity and amplitude of postinfarction T wave evolution.METHODS AND RESULTSAn analysis of the clinical courses and serial ECGs of 200 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction was performed. Among 43 patients with postinfarction pericarditis, the pattern of T wave evolut...
Classification of drug-resistant tuberculosis [3] (multiple letters)
Authors: Pamela Sonnenberg, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Judith R. Glynn, Stuart Shearer, Jill Murray, Kathy DeRiemer, Ma De Lourdes García García, Alfredo Ponce De León Garduño, José Sifuentes Osornio, Peter M. Small, Annelies Van Rie, Nulda Beyers, Don Enarson, Rob Warren, Paul Van Helden
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Computer simulations of three-dimensional propagation in ventricular myocardium. Effects of intramural fiber rotation and inhomogeneous conductivity on epicardial activation.
Authors: A EPollard, M JBurgess, K WSpitzer
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Three-dimensional membrane-based simulations of action potential propagation in ventricular myocardium were performed. Specifically, the effects of the intramural rotation of the fiber axes and inhomogeneous conductivity on the timing and pattern of epicardial activation were examined. Models were built, with approximately 400,000 microscopic elements arranged in rectangular parallelepipeds in each model. Simulations used the nonlinear Ebihara and Johnson membrane equations for the fast sodium current. Constructed models had histological features of ventricular myocardium. All models were anisotropic. In a subset of the models, an abrupt intramural rotation of the fiber axes was included. This feature was also combined with randomly distributed inhomogeneous conductivity and regions of high transverse resistance to represent nonuniform anisotropy in a further subset of the models. Epicardial stimuli were applied for each simulation. Three-dimensional activation patterns and epicardial isochron maps were c...