tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction of hem/onc patients with video visits during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary care center in Michigan.
Authors: Fawzi Abu Rous, Sunny R K Singh, Pin Li, Mohamed Elgamal, Hussna Abunafeesa, Rebecca Chacko, Sowjanya Vuyyala, Yaser Alkhatib, Philip Kuriakose
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

185 Background: In early 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic a public health emergency. Consequently, medical institutions minimized health care services to facilitate social distancing and telemedicine became the forefront of patient-provider interaction. Herein, we present the results of our study that explored patient satisfaction with video visits during the pandemic at a tertiary care center. Methods: A 12-question survey (table) was emailed following a video visit with a Hem/Onc provider carried out between February and December 2020, questions were answered anonymously. The survey also collected patient demographics. The survey evaluated 5 aspects of telemedicine using a five-point graded scale. Results: A total of 1107 patients responded. Median age was 65 years (25-97) with 51.5% over 65, 64% were females and 36% males. Based on zip codes of primary residence and 2015-2019 US Census data, a significant proportion lived in inner-city Detroit, 77.3% were Caucasians, and 15.2% African Americans. Median household income was 66.8K (Michigan’s median is 57K). Regarding access: ease of scheduling appointments, ease of contacting the office and ability to schedule desired appointments, were respectively given positive responses (good, very good, or fair) by 97.61%, 97.32%, and 98.4%. Regarding CP: ability to explain problem, show concern for worries, include patients in decisions, and discussion of treatment plan, were respectively given positive responses by 99.09%, 99.26%, 98.9%, 99.35%. Regarding telemedicine technology: ease of talking to CP, quality of video, and audio connections, were respectively given positive responses by 94.27%, 90.77%, and 91.42%. For the overall visit assessment, 98.58% gave a positive response for the video staff performance. Regarding their comfort level to return to clinic: 78.75% were comfortable and 10.14% were not. Conclusions: Patients reported an overall high level of satisfaction with telemedicine. One area of improvement is the technological aspect. More than 50% were older than 65 years and a significant proportion lived in underserved areas which indicates that telemedicine is easily accessible. Moreover, around 80% were comfortable to return to clinic while 10% were not which highlights the importance of offering both telemedicine and in-person care.[Table: see text]
PL02.3. A Phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity as resistance mechanisms in Glioblastoma
Authors: Y Y Yabo, A Oudin, A Skupin, P V Nazarov, S P Niclou, A Golebiewska
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastomas are among the most heterogeneous tumors, which hampers patient stratification and development of effective therapies. Glioblastomas create a dynamic ecosystem, where heterogeneous tumor cells interact with the tumor microenvironment to establish different niches. Upon tumor growth, Glioblastoma cells manifest remarkable plasticity and respond flexibly to selective pressures by transiting towards states favorable to the new tumor microenvitonment. How this phenotypic plasticity contributes to treatment resistance is currently less clear. The exact nature of treatment resistant, tolerant and sensitive Glioblastoma cells remains unresolved. Further studies at the single cell level are needed to reveal transient and long-term signatures of the resistant states. MATERIAL AND METHODS To investigate long-term phenotypic changes upon treatment at the single cell level we performed single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) on the longitudinal patient-derived xenograft (PDOX) models derived from Glioblastoma patient tumors prior and after the standard-of-care treatment. In addition, direct treatment of PDOXs with temozolomide combined with scRNA-seq allowed revealing short-term transcriptomic changes both in tumor cells and in the mouse-derived cells forming tumor microenvironment. Advanced computational algorithms, including reference-free deconvolution methods, were applied to reveal treatment resistance signatures and master regulators of the identified treatment-resistant subpopulations. RESULTS We show that PDOX models recapitulate all the major cell types and transcriptional programs reported in Glioblastoma patient samples, providing clinically relevant models for investigating treatment resistance signatures of tumor cells and associated tumor microenvironment. Analysis of treatment naïve and treated Glioblastomas at the single cell level revealed presence of pre-existing treatment resistant states as well as newly established resistant subpopulatons. Certain transcriptomic changes are preserved long term, regardless of the lack of genetic evolution of the tumor cells. CONCLUSION Phenotypic plasticity is an important factor contributing to resistance mechanisms in Glioblastoma. Key molecular regulators of tumor cell plasticity towards treatment resistance states represent novel targets for future combinatory treatments.
Circulating fibrocytes as a new tool to predict lung cancer progression after surgery?
Authors: Pauline Henrot, Fabien Beaufils, Matthieu Thumerel, Edmée Eyraud, Augustin Boudoussier, Hugues Begueret, Elise Maurat, Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Roger Marthan, Patrick Berger, Isabelle Dupin, Maéva Zysman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death. In 2008, 2 206 771 new cases and 1 796 144 deaths were reported worldwide [1]. At diagnosis, approximately one third of the patients have a potentially resectable tumour that is confined to the chest without clinical evidence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy (clinical stages I and II). Nevertheless, even after complete surgical resection, the overall survival in such patients with early-stage disease remains disappointing. The 5-year survival rate even for patients with stage IA or IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is 73% and 56%, respectively [2]. Besides, the 5-year risks of local or regional recurrence after surgery alone for NSCLC for stages IA, IB, IIA, IIB and IIIA are also high (16%, 23%, 37%, 39% and 30%, respectively [3]). The 5-year survival of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with early-stage resected disease (T1,2N0M0) is roughly similar, around 50% [4]. Relapse of the disease at distant sites, despite complete removal of all macroscopic lesions, is the main cause of treatment failure [5–8]. The presence of micro-metastatic disease at resection is the likely reason for such relapse. However, the mechanisms involved in micro-metastases propagation remains to be clarified. Fibrocytes could identify patients who will suffer from a worse than expected prognosis after surgery for early lung cancer <https://bit.ly/3htPVtC>
Tuberculosis preventive therapy for people living with HIV: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Mercedes Yanes-Lane, Edgar Ortiz-Brizuela, Jonathon R. Campbell, Andrea Benedetti, Gavin Churchyard, Olivia Oxlade, Dick Menzies
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2021)

Background Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) is an essential component of care for people living with HIV (PLHIV). We compared efficacy, safety, completion, and drug-resistant TB risk for currently recommended TPT regimens through a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized trials. Methods and findings We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception through June 9, 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing 2 or more TPT regimens (or placebo/no treatment) in PLHIV. Two independent reviewers evaluated eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We grouped TPT strategies as follows: placebo/no treatment, 6 to 12 months of isoniazid, 24 to 72 months of isoniazid, and rifamycin-containing regimens. A frequentist NMA (using graph theory) was carried out for the outcomes of development of TB disease, all-cause mortality, and grade 3 or worse hepatotoxicity. For other outcomes, graphical descriptions or traditional pairwise meta-analyses were carried out as appropriate. The potential role of confounding variables for TB disease and all-cause mortality was assessed through stratified analyses. A total of 6,466 unique studies were screened, and 157 full texts were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 20 studies (reporting 16 randomized trials) were included. The median sample size was 616 (interquartile range [IQR], 317 to 1,892). Eight were conducted in Africa, 3 in Europe, 3 in the Americas, and 2 included sites in multiple continents. According to the NMA, 6 to 12 months of isoniazid were no more efficacious in preventing microbiologically confirmed TB than rifamycin-containing regimens (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.0, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.4, p = 0.8); however, 6 to 12 months of isoniazid were associated with a higher incidence of all-cause mortality (IRR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0, p = 0.02) and a higher risk of grade 3 or higher hepatotoxicity (risk difference [RD] 8.9, 95% CI 2.8 to 14.9, p = 0.004). Finally, shorter regimens were associated with higher completion rates relative to longer regimens, and we did not find statistically significant differences in the risk of drug-resistant TB between regimens. Study limitations include potential confounding due to differences in posttreatment follow-up time and TB incidence in the study setting on the estimates of incidence of TB or all-cause mortality, as well as an underrepresentation of pregnant women and children. Conclusions Rifamycin-containing regimens appear safer and at least as effective as isoniazid regimens in preventing TB and death and should be considered part of routine care in PLHIV. Knowledge gaps remain as to which specific rifamycin-containing regimen provides the optimal balance of efficacy, completion, and safety.
ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Lee A. Fleisher, Joshua A. Beckman, Kenneth A. Brown, Hugh Calkins, Elliot L. Chaikof, Kirsten E. Fleischmann, William K. Freeman, James B. Froehlich, Edward K. Kasper, Judy R. Kersten, Barbara Riegel, John F. Robb
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV, in people younger than 18 years: a randomised, double-blind, controlled, phase 1/2 trial
Authors: ShengLi Xia, YunTao Zhang, YanXia Wang, Hui Wang, YunKai Yang, George Fu Gao, WenJie Tan, GuiZhen Wu, Miao Xu, ZhiYong Lou, WeiJin Huang, WenBo Xu, BaoYing Huang, Wei Wang, Wei Zhang, Na Li, ZhiQiang Xie, Xiujuan Zhu, Ling Ding, WangYang You, YuXiu Zhao, Jun Zhao, LiLi Huang, XueZhong Shi, YongLi Yang, GuangXue Xu, WenLing Wang, PeiPei Liu, Meng Ma, YuLing Qiao, SuHua Zhao, JingJing Chai, QinQin Li, Hui Fu, Ying Xu, XiaoTong Zheng, WanShen Guo, XiaoMing Yang
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2021)

Although SARS-CoV-2 infection often causes milder symptoms in children and adolescents, young people might still play a key part in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. An efficacious vaccine for children and adolescents could therefore assist pandemic control. For further evaluation of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine candidate BBIBP-CorV, we assessed the safety and immunogenicity of BBIBP-CorV in participants aged 3-17 years.
Transcriptional Profile of the Industrial Hybrid <i>Saccharomyces pastorianus</i> Reveals Temperature-Dependent Allele Expression Bias and Preferential Orthologous Protein Assemblies
Authors: Soukaina Timouma, Laura Natalia Balarezo-Cisneros, Javier Pinto, Roberto De La Cerda, Ursula Bond, Jean-Marc Schwartz, Daniela Delneri
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Saccharomyces pastorianus is a natural yeast evolved from different hybridization events between the mesophilic S. cerevisiae and the cold-tolerant S. eubayanus. This complex aneuploid hybrid carries multiple copies of the parental alleles alongside specific hybrid genes and encodes for multiple protein isoforms which impart novel phenotypes, such as the strong ability to ferment at low temperature. These characteristics lead to agonistic competition for substrates and a plethora of biochemical activities, resulting in a unique cellular metabolism. Here, we investigated the transcriptional signature of the different orthologous alleles in S. pastorianus during temperature shifts. We identified temperature-dependent media-independent genes and showed that 35% has their regulation dependent on extracellular leucine uptake, suggesting an interplay between leucine metabolism and temperature response. The analysis of the expression of ortholog parental alleles unveiled that the majority of the genes expresses preferentially one parental allele over the other and that S. eubayanus-like alleles are significantly over-represented among the genes involved in the cold acclimatization. The presence of functionally redundant parental alleles may impact on the nature of protein complexes established in the hybrid, where both parental alleles are competing. Our expression data indicate that the majority of the protein complexes investigated in the hybrid are likely to be either exclusively chimeric or unispecific and that the redundancy is discouraged, a scenario that fits well with the gene balance hypothesis. This study offers the first overview of the transcriptional pattern of S. pastorianus and provides a rationalization for its unique industrial traits at the expression level.
Incidence and prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis stratified by psoriasis disease severity: Retrospective analysis of an electronic health records database in the United States
Authors: Joseph F. Merola, Haijun Tian, Dhaval Patil, Craig Richardson, Amie Scott, Yen-Hua Chen, Nina Kim, Peter Hur, April W. Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)

Among patients in the United States with psoriasis (PsO), limited data exist on the incidence and prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) based on disease severity.To assess the incidence, prevalence, and predictors of PsA among patients with PsO stratified by PsO severity using treatment type.Incidence of PsA per 100 PsO patient-years (PY) and prevalence were assessed using the Optum electronic health records database. Incidence was assessed from PsO diagnosis and 1 year after PsO diagnosis overall and stratified by mutually exclusive treatment classes as a severity surrogate.The overall incidence of PsA was 2.9 (95% CI, 2.9-3.0) events per 100 PY. The incidence (95% CI) by severity surrogate was 2.1 (2.1-2.1), 9.9 (9.5-10.4), and 17.6 (16.9-18.3) events per 100 PY for patients with mild, moderate, and severe PsO as determined by receiving nonsystemics, nonbiologic systemic therapy, and biologics, respectively. When excluding patients diagnosed with PsA 1 year after PsO diagnosis, overall incidence was lower (1.7 [95% CI, 1.6-1.7] events per 100 PY), with similar trends for treatment-severity surrogates.Results may not be generalizable to a wider population.The risk of developing PsA increased with disease severity and was highest in patients with the most severe PsO.
A general in-situ reduction method to prepare core-shell liquid-metal / metal nanoparticles for photothermally enhanced catalytic cancer therapy
Authors: Nailin Yang, Fei Gong, Yangkai Zhou, Yu Hao, Ziliang Dong, Huali Lei, Liping Zhong, Xiaoyuan Yang, Xianwen Wang, Yongxiang Zhao, Zhuang Liu, Liang Cheng
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)
P-111 PERSPECTIVE: Tepotinib plus cetuximab in patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type left-sided metastatic colorectal cancer and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR antibody therapy due to MET amplification
Authors: J. Tabernero, T. Bekaii-Saab, M. Safont Aguilera, A. Cubillo, R. Garcia-Carbonero, L. Limon, N. Rodríguez-Salas, C. Tournigand, C. Borg, K. Raghav, G. Finley, J. Strickler, F. Beier, S. Salim, R. Esser, E. Liu, S. Adrian, C. López-López
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Long-term clinical outcomes of tisagenlecleucel in patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell lymphomas (JULIET): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study
Authors: Stephen J Schuster, Constantine S Tam, Peter Borchmann, Nina Worel, Joseph P McGuirk, Harald Holte, Edmund K Waller, Samantha Jaglowski, Michael R Bishop, Lloyd E Damon, Stephen Ronan Foley, Jason R Westin, Isabelle Fleury, P Joy Ho, Stephan Mielke, Takanori Teshima, Murali Janakiram, Jing-Mei Hsu, Koji Izutsu, Marie José Kersten, Monalisa Ghosh, Nina Wagner-Johnston, Koji Kato, Paolo Corradini, Marcela Martinez-Prieto, Xia Han, Ranjan Tiwari, Gilles Salles, Richard T Maziarz
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2021)
Butyrate Production Pathway Abundances Are Similar in Human and Nonhuman Primate Gut Microbiomes
Authors: Elizabeth K Mallott, Katherine R Amato
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Over the course of human evolution, shifts in dietary practices such as meat-eating and cooking, have resulted in reduced fiber intake, a trend that has been exaggerated more recently in industrialized populations. Reduced fiber consumption is associated with a loss of gut microbial taxa that degrade fiber, particularly butyrate. Therefore, this dietary shift in humans may have altered the abundance of microbial genes involved in butyrate production. This study uses a gene-targeted alignment approach to quantify the abundance of butyrate production pathway genes from published wild nonhuman primate and human gut metagenomes. Surprisingly, humans have higher diversity and relative abundances of butyrate production pathways compared with all groups of nonhuman primates except cercopithecoids. Industrialized populations of humans also differ only slightly in butyrate pathway abundance from nonindustrialized populations. This apparent resilience of butyrate production pathways to shifts in human diet across both evolutionary and modern populations may signal an evolutionary shift in host-microbe interactions in humans that increased SCFA production. Such a shift could have contributed to meeting the increased energy requirements of humans relative to nonhuman primates.
Health-system specialty pharmacy impact on oral chemotherapy outcomes.
Authors: Tehsinabanu Sheikh, Cindy Wu, Niree Kalfayan, Leanne Sakamoto, Rita Shane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

240 Background: Oral chemotherapy usage has grown significantly over the years as it provides a more convenient and less invasive administrative option for patients. In 2019, 89% of large hospitals owned and operated their own Health System Specialty Pharmacies (HSSP) 1 . Pharmacist-led medication therapy management services are crucial to provide patient education, monitoring of medication adherence and adverse effect management. With the current vertical integration of health plans and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) increasing their dominance over specialty dispensing channels, HSSP are often excluded from specialty networks. The objective of this study is to compare outcomes of oncology patients filling their oral chemotherapy at Cedars Sinai Medical Center (CSMC) Specialty Pharmacy versus those who are filling their medications at outside specialty pharmacies (OSP). Methods: Electronic health records were used to conduct a retrospective chart review of patients started on oral chemotherapy at CSMC between January 2019 to January 2021. Primary endpoints included time to treatment (TTT) and proportion of days covered (PDC). Secondary endpoints included drug-related problems (DRPs) and treatment-related ED visits and hospitalizations. DRPs were categorized by severity and type of intervention. Results: There were 100 patients included in the study: CSMC group (n = 50) and OSP group (n = 50). Patients in the CMSC group had significantly shorter TTT compared to OSP group (4 days vs. 9.5 days, respectively [P &lt; 0.0026]), as well as a higher PDC (99.5% vs 91%, respectively [P &lt; 0.0005]). Pharmacists identified and resolved 31 DRPs in CSMC arm with 19 DRPs categorized as serious and 1 DRP categorized as life-threatening. For the OSP group, 23 preventable DRPs were identified with 12 DRPs categorized as serious and 1 DRP categorized as life-threatening. There were no treatment-related ED visits or hospitalizations in either group. Conclusions: Patients filling their oral chemotherapy at CSMC Specialty Pharmacy had significantly quicker TTT and higher adherence rates as measured by PDC. Numerous DRPs were identified for OSP patients; potential pharmacist-interventions could have led to optimized and safer medication therapy if filled at a HSSP. Continued research comparing treatment outcomes and interventions made between HSSP and OSP can create a strong argument for health plans and PBMs to consider inclusion of HSSPs into their specialty networks. References: Pedersen CA, Schneider PJ, Ganio MC, Scheckelhoff DJ. ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings: Prescribing and transcribing—2019. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2020;77(13):1026-1050. doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxaa104
Prostate-specific antigen response among Black and non-Black patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with apalutamide in a urology setting.
Authors: Michael Durkin, Dominic Pilon, Carmine Rossi, Ibrahim Khilfeh, Frederic Kinkead, Caterina Wu, Lorie Ellis, Patrick Lefebvre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

124 Background: Apalutamide (APA) is approved to treat patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) or metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) in the United States (US) but low enrollment of Black patients in clinical trials has led to limited clinical data about APA for this population. This study describes prostate-specific antigen (PSA) responses among Black and non-Black patients with nmCRPC or mCSPC treated with APA in a real-world community urology setting. Methods: Clinical data from 2/2018 to 3/2021 collected at 69 US urology practices were used to evaluate nmCRPC or mCSPC patients who received ≥1 APA prescription fill (index date). Baseline PSA was reported based with the most recent baseline PSA value and PSA doubling time (PSADT) in months (mo) was calculated in patients with at least 2 PSA tests before APA initiation. PSA response defined as the proportion of patients achieving either a reduction of 50% (PSA50) or 90% (PSA90) from baseline and was evaluated in patients with a PSA test result 8 weeks or later after initiating APA. Among patients with a response, the time from the index date to the response was also evaluated. Study results for Black and non-Black cohorts were summarized separately. Results: Data from 289 nmCRPC (19% Black) and 237 mCSPC (19% Black) patients were identified. Median baseline PSA, median baseline PSADT and post-index PSA responses are shown in Table. A PSA50 response was attained by numerically similar proportions of Black and non-Black patients with nmCRPC or mCSPC. A PSA90 response was observed in a numerically higher proportion of Black than non-Black nmCRPC patients. Median time to PSA50 and PSA90 was also similar between groups. Conclusions: This real-world study of nmCRPC and mCSPC patients demonstrates that PSA50 and PSA90 responses are achieved by high proportions of both Black and non-Black patients. Moreover, the PSA50 and PSA90 responses observed in this study are highly consistent with those observed in APA’s Phase 3 registrational trials for nmCRPC (SPARTAN) 1 and for mCSPC (TITAN) 2 . References: 1 Smith MR, et al. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1408-1418. 2 Chi KN, et al. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:13-24. Funding Source: Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC.[Table: see text]
A very uncommon cause of acute kidney injury in infancy
Authors: Guillaume Dorval, Estelle Balducci, Sophie Kaltenbach, Maryline Chomton, Saoussen Krid, Marion Rabant, Florence Porcheret, Jean-Paul Duong Van Huyen, Philippe Eckart, Guillaume Mortamet, Christophe Delacourt, Laure de Saint-Blanquat, Laurene Dehoux, Capucine Picard, Rémi Salomon, Bénédicte Neven, Olivia Boyer
Journal: Kidney International (2021)