tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Air Circulation In Gastrointestinal Light Source Box And Endoscope In The Era Of Sars-Cov-2 And Microorganisms Airborne Transmission
Authors: S Chaussade, E Abou Ali, R Hallit, A Belle, M Barret, R Coriat
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims The role of air circulation through GI endoscopy system in microorganism airborne transmission has never been investigated. We discuss the potential risk of transmission and potential improvements.
Limitation of myocardial infarct size by superoxide dismutase as an adjunct to reperfusion after different durations of coronary occlusion in the pig.
Authors: UNäslund, SHäggmark, GJohansson, S LMarklund, SReiz
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been documented to limit myocardial infarct size in the richly collateralized dog heart. This study was designed to explore this concept in a low-collateralized animal model. A blind, randomized, placebo-controlled protocol was used in 65 pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs subjected to closed-chest left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 30 (n = 22), 60 (n = 22), and 90 (n = 14) minutes followed by reperfusion up to 24 hours from the start of occlusion. Another seven control pigs were subjected to 24 hours of permanent occlusion. A total dose of 9 mg/kg bovine CuZn SOD was administered as a bolus injection immediately before reperfusion followed by a 1-hour infusion. Infarct size was assessed by tetrazolium staining. Myocardium at risk and collateral flow were determined by using cerium-141-labeled microspheres (15 microns) during the occlusion. After 30 minutes of occlusion, infarct sizes in placebo versus SOD-treated animals were 45.5 +/- 15.7% vs. 23.8 +/- 15....
Electrophysiological effects of acute ventricular dilatation in the isolated rabbit heart.
Authors: M JReiter, D PSynhorst, D EMann
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We examined the effects of left ventricular dilatation on epicardial pacing threshold, conduction velocity, and effective refractory period (ERP) in the isolated, retrograde perfused rabbit heart. Left ventricular size was modified by acutely changing the volume of a fluid-filled balloon anchored within the vented left ventricle. Increases in left ventricular volume, associated with increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 0 +/- 1 to 35 +/- 2 mm Hg, were not associated with significant changes in pacing threshold or conduction velocity. The left ventricular ERP decreased significantly with an added volume of 1.5 ml (91.4 +/- 5.5 msec) compared with starting volume (117.7 +/- 3.8 msec, p less than 0.01). Right ventricular ERP did not change significantly with increases in left ventricular volume. The left and right ventricular ERPs were comparable at starting volume (117.7 +/- 3.8 and 117.6 +/- 3.5 msec, respectively; p = NS) but were significantly different with an added volume of 1.5 ml ...
Carotid baroreceptor reflex coronary vasodilation in the dog.
Authors: B RIto, E OFeigl
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The hypothesis that neurally mediated coronary vasodilation occurs as part of the carotid baroreceptor reflex was investigated. The left main coronary artery was cannulated and perfused at constant pressure (100 mm Hg) in closed-chest, chloralose-anesthetized dogs. The heart was paced at a constant rate between 60 and 70 beats/min after atrioventricular heart block. Propranolol (1 mg/kg) was given to prevent beta-receptor-mediated alterations in contractility. Aortic blood pressure was stabilized with a blood reservoir. The aortic depressor nerves were cut bilaterally to prevent the buffering influence of aortic arch baroreceptors on the carotid baroreceptor reflex. The carotid sinuses were vascularly isolated and perfused with arterial blood at controlled pressures. Under these conditions, a step change in carotid sinus pressure from 70 to 210 mm Hg produced a 0.29 ml/min per g increase in coronary flow above control and a 10 mm Hg increase in coronary sinus blood oxygen tension. A step in carotid sinus ...
Treatment of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease which afflicts young women of childbearing age. It is sufficiently uncommon that randomization or any other systematic evaluation of regimens of treatment has been difficult. Review of scattered case reports implies that a number of hormonal manipulations may be equally effective. A comprehensive review of the literature revealed 30 cases of LAM treated with eight regimens of treatment. Evaluation with predetermined criteria (meta-analysis) shows that administration of progesterone or oophorectomy or both are the most effective treatments, resulting in improvement or stabilization of the disease in the majority of cases. (Chest 1989; 196:1352-55)
Pacemaker current exists in ventricular myocytes.
Authors: HYu, FChang, I SCohen
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

I(f), the  pacemaker current, is a nonselective cation channel activated on hyperpolarization in primary and secondary pacemaker regions of the mammalian heart. The cardiac pacing rate can be modulated by shifting the activation of I(f) to more positive (faster pacing) or more negative (slower pacing) voltages. We report for the first time the presence of this pacemaker current in ventricular myocytes. The potential importance of this observation to the mechanism of differentiation of nonpacing regions in the heart is discussed.
Improvement of left ventricular contractile function by exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: A AEhsani, D RBiello, JSchultz, B ESobel, J OHolloszy
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To determine whether prolonged, intense exercise training can improve left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease, we studied 25 patients, 52 +/- 2 years old (mean +/- SE), who completed a 12 month program of endurance exercise training and 14 additional patients with comparable maximal exercise capacities and ejection fractions who did not exercise. The training program consisted of endurance exercise of progressively increasing intensity, frequency, and duration. During the last 3 months the patients were running an average of 18 miles/week, or doing an equivalent amount of exercise on a cycle ergometer. Maximal attainable VO2 increased 37% (p less than .001). Of the 10 patients with effort angina, five became asymptomatic, three experienced less angina, and two were unchanged after training. Ejection fraction was determined by equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. At rest, ejection fraction was 53 +/- 3% before and 54 +/- 3% after training (p = NS). Ejection fraction did not...
A prospective cohort study comparing the performance of interferon gamma release assays in autoimmune skin diseases
Authors: Daisy Yan, Rebecca Gaffney, Rebecca Krain, Emily Keyes, Josef S. Concha, Rui Feng, Steffan Schulz, Lisa Pappas-Taffer, Robert Borucki, Adarsh Ravishankar, Christina Bax, Joyce Okawa, Victoria P. Werth
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Resuming Anticoagulants and/or Antiplatelets after Gastrointestinal Bleeding: does time Really Matter?
Authors: C Sequeira, I Costa Santos, M Coelho, E Dantas, C Teixeira, J Mangualde, AP Oliveira
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Anticoagulants (AC) and antiplatelets (AP) have a pivotal role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular (CV) diseases, but managing major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in these patients represents a challenge. The dilemma is whether, when, and how to restart AC/AP after GIB.
Evaluation of left ventricular segmental wall motion in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with myocardial tagging.
Authors: S EMaier, S EFischer, G CMcKinnon, O MHess, H PKrayenbuehl, PBoesiger
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDSegmental wall motion was assessed noninvasively in eight patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and six healthy volunteers by magnetic resonance myocardial tagging.METHODS AND RESULTSLocalization scans were performed for determination of the true short-axis views of the left ventricle (double-angulated view). Spatial modulation of magnetization was used to produce a rectangular grid of landmarks. Distortion of the grid was assessed at end diastole, mid systole, and end systole with multiphase gradient echoes. Image sets were acquired at three different planes, namely, the base, the equator, and the apex. Quantitative evaluation was carried out by computer-assisted image analysis. Each individual grid crossing point was identified automatically and the displacement calculated. A polar coordinate system with the center of gravity as motion reference point was chosen to assess fractional rotation and radial displacement at the endocardial, midwall, and epicardial layers of the septal, anterior,...
Clinical and angiographic predictors of operative mortality from the collaborative study in coronary artery surgery (CASS).
Authors: J WKennedy, G CKaiser, L DFisher, J KFritz, WMyers, J GMudd, T JRyan
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Fifteen institutions participating in the Collaborative Study in Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS) have performed isolated coronary artery bypass surgery upon 6630 patients (1061 women and 5569 men) for coronary artery disease. The overall operative mortality (OM) was 2.3% (range 0.3-6.4%). Mortality increased with age, from 0 in the group 20-29 years old to 7.9% in the group 70 years and older. OM was higher for women in each group, ranging from 2.8% for ages 30-39 years to 12.3% for age 70 years and older (0.8% and 5.8% for men). Clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure were associated with increased OM. Mortality was 1.4% in one-vessel, 2.1% in two-vessel and 2.8% in three-vessel disease (diameter narrowing greater than or equal to 70%). Among 1019 patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis, OM ranged from 1.6% in patients with mild stenosis and a right-dominant system to 25% in patients with severe (greater than or equal to 90%) stenosis and left dominance. OM varied with ejection...
ST-segment variations after acute myocardial infarction. Relationship to clinical status.
Authors: M WKronenberg, MHodges, TAkiyama, D LRoberts, D AEhrich, T LBiddle, P NYu
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The degree of vectorcardiographic ST-segment elevation was employed as an index of myocardial ischemic injury in a study of 27 patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The ST-segment vector magnitude (STVM) was derived from the continuously recorded modified Frank vectorcardiogram and was plotted serially by hours after onset of AMI. The STVM in normal subjects was 51.1 +/- 7.1 muV (mean +/- SE). A standard deviation of the pooled variance of 15.2 muV was obtained in a group of control patients and a change of more than 2 SD (greater than 30 muV) in an individual STVM was considered to be significant. The STVM progressively decreased in patients who survived without clinical complications while it remained elevated in those with congestive heart failure. A modest, sustained re-elevation of STVM was observed in patients who developed pericarditis, and a significant late average increase of 64 muV occurred in survivors with infarct extension. In contrast, STVM underwent a major increase in patients...
Repeated renal failure with use of captopril in a cystinotic renal allograft recipient.
Authors: D Hooke, R G Walker, N M Walter, A J D'Apice, J A Whitworth, P Kincaid-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1982)

B catarrhalis was isolated from transtracheal aspirates in 10 out of 11 patients in whom B catarrhalis was identified in sputum before transtracheal puncture.We conclude that the method of sputum examination which we describe is reliable in detecting lower respiratory tract infections with B catarrhalis in clinical practice without the need for transtracheal puncture.'Ninane G, Joly J, Kraytman M. Bronchopulmonary infection due to Branhamella catarrhalis: 11 cases assessed by transtracheal puncture.
Risk factors for lung disease progression in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Hafez Al Momani, Audrey Perry, Rhys Jones, Melissa McDonnell, Amaran Krishnan, Andrew Robertson, Mike Griffin, Robert Rutherford, Malcolm Brodlie, Jeff Pearson, Steve Bourke, Chris Ward
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

<b>We call for studies of widespread use of proton pump inhibitor therapy in people with cystic fibrosis and chronic lung disease; these should evaluate patient benefit and potential iatrogenic effects, including dysregulation of aerodigestive homeostasis</b>http://ow.ly/ym6H30lxxZu
Treatment with Monoclonal Antibodies against<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Toxins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: The findings by Lowy and col­ leagues (Jan. 21 issue)1 demonstrate the value of fully human monoclonal antibodies in prevent­ ing the recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection. The prevalence of C. difficile infection in hospital­ ized patients is greatest among patients older than 85 years of age,2 and recurrent C. difficile infection is both more frequent and more problematic in older adults.3 Although the oldest patient in the trial con­ ducted by Lowy et al. was 101 years old, the mean age was 64 years. We recently reported that the natural history of C. difficile infection in frail, elder­ ly patients is different from that in younger pa­ tients. In randomized trials of metronidazole and vancomycin, the “cure” rate among patients (mean age, approximately 60 years) was typically higher than 80% within the first week after treatment; in contrast, at least half the elderly patients with acquired C. difficile infection in our geriatrics department (mean age, 86 years) re­ mained symptomatic at 2 weeks.4 Consequently, we are not satisfied that it will be valid to ex­ trapolate the results from the study by Lowy et al. to the patients at greatest risk for C. difficile infec­ tion. Issues regarding the inclusion of elderly patients in clinical trials have been raised previ­ ously.5 Specific evaluation of antibiotic and bio­ logic agents for C. difficile infection in older adults is needed. Tom Parks, M.B., B.Chir.
Nonlinear spatial integration in retinal bipolar cells shapes the encoding of artificial and natural stimuli
Authors: Helene Marianne Schreyer, Tim Gollisch
Journal: Neuron (2021)

The retina dissects the visual scene into parallel information channels, which extract specific visual features through nonlinear processing. The first nonlinear stage is typically considered to occur at the output of bipolar cells, resulting from nonlinear transmitter release from synaptic terminals. In contrast, we show here that bipolar cells themselves can act as nonlinear processing elements at the level of their somatic membrane potential. Intracellular recordings from bipolar cells in the salamander retina revealed frequent nonlinear integration of visual signals within bipolar cell receptive field centers, affecting the encoding of artificial and natural stimuli. These nonlinearities provide sensitivity to spatial structure below the scale of bipolar cell receptive fields in both bipolar and downstream ganglion cells and appear to arise at the excitatory input into bipolar cells. Thus, our data suggest that nonlinear signal pooling starts earlier than previously thought: that is, at the input stage of bipolar cells.
Impact Of Taking Biopsies In Macroscopically Normal Endoscopies On The Nhs - Is There Inter-Operator Variability And Need For Stringent Guidelines And Training?
Authors: N Cianci, B Varghese, A Sreedharan, S Saha, A Khanna, A Mandal
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Numerous studies have questioned the value of taking biopsies in macroscopically-normal mucosa. Inappropriate biopsies increase financial and time pressures on the increasingly-strained endoscopy, pathology and NHS services. We hypothesized that non-physician endoscopists have greater uptake on performing biopsies in macroscopically normal endoscopies.
Increased capillary permeability to albumin in diabetic rat myocardium.
Authors: TYamaji, TFukuhara, MKinoshita
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

To clarify the mechanism for the well-known increase in microvascular permeability that occurs with diabetes mellitus, we investigated capillary permeability to albumin in diabetic rat myocardium by electron microscopy using albumin-gold (Alb-Au) complexes as a tracer. Diabetes was induced by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin. After 24-32 weeks, hearts from diabetic rats and age-matched control rats were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing Alb-Au for 5 or 20 minutes and then fixed and processed for electron microscopy. The binding and transport of Alb-Au by capillary endothelium was quantitatively evaluated. In control rats, Alb-Au particles were found preferentially bound to the luminal plasmalemmal vesicles. In diabetic rats, the labeling of luminal vesicles was more extensive and more pronounced after 5 minutes of perfusion when compared with control vesicles. The plasma membrane proper was also heavily labeled in diabetic rats. After 20 minutes, Alb-Au particles were t...
Case Report of Gastric Cancer With Features of a Sub Epithelial Tumor and the use of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in Diagnosis
Authors: V Yep-Gamarra, A Aldave, H Calvo, G Vasquez-Tirado, VA Salazar Tantalean, F Ananias-Mariscal, H Mariños, N Amaya-Vasquez, L Concepcion Urteaga
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims The endoscopic finding of gastric cancer shows a variable macroscopic appearance, generally as a protruding lesion. Its presentation similar to a subepithelial lesion is very rare and difficult to diagnose.
Accuracy of exercise electrocardiography in detecting physiologically significant coronary arterial lesions.
Authors: R FWilson, M LMarcus, B VChristensen, CTalman, C WWhite
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The accuracy of exercise electrocardiography in detecting a physiologically significant coronary artery stenosis has been assessed previously by comparing the exercise test with a coronary arteriogram. The inherent inaccuracy of visually determined percent diameter stenosis measurements might have lead to the conclusion that the exercise electrocardiogram was less accurate than it truly was. To determine the accuracy of the exercise electrocardiography in detecting a physiologically significant coronary stenosis, we studied 40 patients with one-vessel, one-lesion coronary artery disease, a normal resting electrocardiogram, and no hypertrophy or prior infarction. Each patient underwent exercise electrocardiography (Bruce protocol) that was interpreted as abnormal if the ST segment developed 0.1-mV or greater depression 80 msec after the J point. The physiological significance of each coronary stenosis was assessed by measuring of coronary flow reserve (peak divided by resting blood flow velocity) in the st...
The AMA, Tobacco, and the Public Health
Authors: Joseph R. DiFranza
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Stop Teenage Addiction to Tobacco (STAT) applauds the American Medical Association (AMA) for taking a strong stand against tobacco with the analysis of the Brown and Williamson documents in the July 19,1995, issue of<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>1</sup><i>JAMA</i>has done more than any other journal to focus attention on the problem of youth access to tobacco. In our seminal article on this subject in<i>JAMA</i>,<sup>2</sup>we promoted a strategy of making it illegal for minors to possess tobacco. The Editorial<sup>1</sup>stating "underage use of tobacco should carry consequences for the user" echoes this sentiment. Recent developments make us question the wisdom of this strategy for now. The tobacco industry has sponsored legislation in several states making it illegal for minors to possess tobacco. We believe their intent is to hinder law enforcement efforts and shield themselves from liability. If a child breaks the law by possessing
Dynamics of the background outward current of single guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Ionic mechanisms of hysteresis in cardiac cells.
Authors: MDelmar, JIbarra, JDavidenko, PLorente, JJalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Subthreshold potentials are thought to be mediated by time-independent, passive background currents. In this study, we show that the background current-voltage (I-V) relation of guinea pig ventricular myocytes is changed significantly by repetitive stimulation, in such a way that cell excitability becomes enhanced. Myocytes were used for whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments. A voltage-clamp ramp (100 mV/sec) to -50 mV was applied from a holding potential of -100 mV. Subsequently, a train of square voltage-clamp pulses to +10 mV (duration, 300 msec; interpulse interval, 300 msec) was delivered from a holding potential of -85 mV. A new ramp was applied again immediately after the train, and the resulting I-V curve was compared with that obtained before the train. Pulsing displaced the I-V relation to the right, the zero-current point becoming 1-2 mV less negative, and increased the degree of inward-going rectification. These changes were insensitive to tetrodotoxin (30 microM); disappeared during superfus...
The effects of geometry, elasticity, and external pressures on the diastolic pressure-volume and stiffness-stress relations. How important is the pericardium?
Authors: IMirsky, J SRankin
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

The concept of an incremental elastic modulus is applied in the quantification of passive elastic stiffness-stress relations of intact heart muscle, and a transmural pressure-volume relation for the left ventricle is subsequently derived in terms of geometry, muscle elasticity, and external pressures to assess their importance. Physiological and clinical applications of this method indicate that: (1) stiffness-stress relations obtained on the basis of pressure-volume data from dog hearts are not significantly different from those obtained from muscle strips excised from these same hearts; (2) shape and the presence of right ventricular, pericardial, or pleural pressures are of secondary importance in an assessment of passive elastic stiffness; and (3) dramatic shifts in the left ventricular intracavity pressure-volume relations following drug interventions are primarily due to the presence of substantial pericardial pressures; however, the transmural pressure-volume relations are not markedly altered, imp...