tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Simple measures could save "millions" of newborns
Authors: P. Hagan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Poor antenatal care implicated in half of stillbirths 68, 71Poor antenatal care might have contributed to the outcome in up to half of stillbirths recorded in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland during 1996 and 1997, says a report published last week by the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy.The eighth annual reportpublished as part of the enquiry's ongoing remit to identify areas of suboptimal care contributing to the deaths of babies between 20 weeks' gestation and 1 year of age-showed that stillbirth remained the commonest category of death in this age group.Key areas of concern included lack of coordinated antenatal risk assessment and referral practices throughout pregnancy, poor recognition and management of the growth restricted baby, issues related to fetal movement (failure to act on reduced movements reported by mothers), communication (lack of planning, poor documentation), and lifestyle issues (smoking, poor attendance).
Lectures on Human Myology
Authors: G. M. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1872)

LECTURE II.-7zne l9gth, 1872.-(Conclud.Ied.) 1 PASS on now to speak of the subjacent muscular stratum, wlhich may be called the " girdle-sheath" or the "deep ventro-appendicular sheath".It may be called the girdle-sheath, because it consists of muscular fibres passing from the girdle in each limb, ensheathing the joint of the limb with the girdle and ensheathing also the upper part of the limb.It may be called the deep ventro-appendicular sheath, because, forasmuch as the girdles are ossifications in the septa of the ventral part of the lateral muscles, they, together with the muscles passing to and from them, form parts of the system of that muscle.The components of the girdle-sheath in each limb are segmented int'o a greater number of muscles than those of the overlying ventroappendicular sheath.These muscles may be conveniently arranged into four groups or sectors-a dorsal, a palmar or a plantar, an anterior, and a posterior group.Of these, the palmar or the plantar, and the dorsal, underlie, and, as regards the stratification, correspond re- spectively with the palroiar, or the plantar and the dorsal divisions of the superficial ventro-appendicular sheath.The dorsal group is formed, in the one limb, by the infraspinatus and the teres minor, and, in the other, by the gluteus medius and minimus.These run, in each instance, to the part of the upper seg- ment of the limb which is directed towards the dorsum of the girdle.This is different in the two limbs owing to the opposite direction in which the limbs are rotated upon their respective girdles, the dorsal surface of the upper limb being turned backwards, while that of the lower limb is turned forwards.Too much has, I think, been made of this circumstance of the insertion of the dorsal muscles of the scapula into the radial or pre-axial tubercle of the humerus, and of the dorsal muscles of the ilium, into the fibular or post-axial tubercle of the femur, as an argument against their comparison homologically.But a similar variation in the insertion of corresponding muscles in the two limbs of the same animal, or in the same limb in different animals, is so com- mon (I need only refer to the biceps brachii, which passes, as it were indifferently, to the radius, the ulna, or both bones), that it should be no matter of surprise to find that the dorsal girdle-muscles are attached to that edge of the humerus or to that edge of the femur, in the upper or the lower limb, which, being directed dorsally, presents itself in the most favourable manner to them.XVe may learn from this disposiLion of parts the lesson which is confirmed by so many facts in anatomy, and by the disposition of the nerves most particularly, that special adaptation is attended with free modification of general developmental process, freer, perhaps, and deeper, than we have lately accustomed ourselves to think; and we may learn from the discussions which have taken place on this question, that, if we strain, as has been too much the tendency, at the gnats of homology, we shall find it necessary to swallow many camels.If we make, I mean, too much of the minor
Responsibility in the use of personal medical information for research: principles and guide to practice. Statement by the Medical Research Council.
Journal: BMJ (1985)

This article consists of a statement of the views of Britain's Medical Research Council on the principles and standards of practice expected of health personnel and institutions engaged in research based on health and medical information, whether the information is derived from medical records or obtained directly from patients or other persons. The statement is premised on the importance of respecting the doctor-patient relationship and of avoiding harm or distress to the patient, the patient's family, or other persons who are the subjects of research. It includes a discussion of the need to establish policies for protecting the security of data in computerized information systems.
The Protection of Infants Against Tuberculosis.--II
Authors: W. Gaisford
Journal: BMJ (1955)

During the past five years we have vaccinated 7,115 people.This may seem a very inadequate number on which to base any firm conclusions, but all the newborn infants (5,215) have been seen personally by Dr... Margaret Griffiths or myself and, so far as is possible with a changing population, followed up yearly, so that many infants have already had their fourth annual check-up and tuberculin test as well as repeated chest x-ray examinations.What we primarily tried to achieve was the eradication of progressive (and fatal) disease in the first few years of life.~)~7j2~Between 1949 and 1954 there were 50 deaths from tuberculosis in Manchester in children under the age FIG.2.-X-ray film of.child in Fig.I five years later.13 infants born at St. Mary's Hospital or on the district during the same time who developed primary tubercu- losis; none of these had been vaccinated.In our con- tact families almost exactly half of the patients were suffering from active tuberculosis and in half the disease was quiescent.The percentage of parents accepting vaccination for.their newborn infants has been approxi. mately 40%the remainder serve as unwitting controls, and it was from among these that the 13 tub-erculous cases came.~~~~~~~~Even in older children primary infection cannot always be regarded lightly, for the lesion may be long- lasting, as shown by the two x-ray films (Figs.and 2), taken five years apart (with intervening ones unchanged), lk~~~~~~~... and such children are at risk all this time, particularly from such infections as measles and whooping-cough and also from any debilitating condition.In addition, this type of case provides a large proportion of the cases of bronchiectasis seen in later childhood.It is ~~~~~~problems such as these that make a consideration of the advisability of using isoniazid germane. ContactsFig. 3 bri'ngs to light another problem.Altl~ough we had FI'G lI X-ray film of chest of child with primary tuberculosis,.of 5 years, of whom 12 were under year old.There may well have been others, not certified as due to tuber- culosis' No deaths from tuberculosis have occurred in our 5,215 vaccinated newborn babies-and 537 (just over 10%) of them were known contact cases: in addi- tion, there were another 250 known contacts between the ages of month and 21 years and more than 100 over that age-nearly 1,000 mn all.There were also 28 mothers who developed tuberculosis (or it became clinically evident) after their infants had been vacci- nated, yet, despite their not having been segregated, none of these infants developed tuberculosis.Further- more, no radiolo'gical lesions of tuberculosis have been seen in any vaccinated children from tuberculous homes during the four-year follow-up whereas there have been FIG.3.-Primary focus discovered at pre-vaccination x-ray examination.
The price of survival in childhood leukaemia.
Journal: BMJ (1978)

to be preventable.In breech presentation when the obstet- rician has any suspicion of disproportion a caesarean section is less of a risk than exposing the baby to a "trial labour."During vaginal breech delivery-in the absence of dispropor- tion-the obstetrician must guard against excessive pressure on the suboccipital region of the after-coming head either by his own fingers or against the mother's symphysis pubis.This is where experience, manipulative skill, and, above all, gentle- ness count for so much.
Chinese Remedies
Authors: William Slaughter
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allele-specific expression reveals genes with recurrent cis-regulatory alterations in high-risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Arko Sen, Yuchen Huo, Jennifer Elster, Peter E. Zage, Graham McVicker
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Abstract Background Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignancy with a high frequency of metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Neuroblastoma tumors have few recurrent protein-coding mutations but contain extensive somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) suggesting that mutations that alter gene dosage are important drivers of tumorigenesis. Here, we analyze allele-specific expression in 96 high-risk neuroblastoma tumors to discover genes impacted by cis-acting mutations that alter dosage. Results We identify 1043 genes with recurrent, neuroblastoma-specific allele-specific expression. While most of these genes lie within common SCNA regions, many of them exhibit allele-specific expression in copy neutral samples and these samples are enriched for mutations that are predicted to cause nonsense-mediated decay. Thus, both SCNA and non-SCNA mutations frequently alter gene expression in neuroblastoma. We focus on genes with neuroblastoma-specific allele-specific expression in the absence of SCNAs and find 26 such genes that have reduced expression in stage 4 disease. At least two of these genes have evidence for tumor suppressor activity including the transcription factor TFAP2B and the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRH . Conclusions In summary, our allele-specific expression analysis discovers genes that are recurrently dysregulated by both large SCNAs and other cis-acting mutations in high-risk neuroblastoma.
Intussusception. A late complication of small-bowel bypass for obesity
Authors: H. J. Kaufmann
Journal: JAMA (1967)

For two years a young man had intermittent, severe abdominal pain. Three years ago, a small-bowel bypass was made for obesity elsewhere. Results of examination showed an abdominal mass and occult blood in the stool. Operation revealed that the free end of the jejunum had chronically intussuscepted itself and was the source of his problems. Resection of the intussuscepted gut and fixation of the remaining defunctionalized small bowel was performed. To our knowledge, no similar case has been reported previously.
SYNCRIP controls miR-137 and striatal learning in animal models of methamphetamine abstinence
Authors: Baeksun Kim, Sung Hyun Tag, Eunjoo Nam, Suji Ham, Sujin Ahn, Juhwan Kim, Doo-Wan Cho, Sangjoon Lee, Young-Su Yang, Seung Eun Lee, Yong Sik Kim, Il-Joo Cho, Kwang Pyo Kim, Su-Cheol Han, Heh-In Im
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Abstinence from prolonged psychostimulant use prompts stimulant withdrawal syndrome. Molecular adaptations within the dorsal striatum have been considered the main hallmark of stimulant abstinence. Here we explored striatal miRNA-target interaction and its impact on circulating miRNA marker as well as behavioral dysfunctions in methamphetamine (MA) abstinence. We conducted miRNA sequencing and profiling in the nonhuman primate model of MA abstinence, followed by miRNA qPCR, LC-MS/MS proteomics, immunoassays, and behavior tests in mice. In nonhuman primates, MA abstinence triggered a lasting upregulation of miR-137 in the dorsal striatum but a simultaneous downregulation of circulating miR-137. In mice, aberrant increase in striatal miR-137-dependent inhibition of SYNCRIP essentially mediated the MA abstinence-induced reduction of circulating miR-137. Pathway modeling through experimental deduction illustrated that the MA abstinence-mediated downregulation of circulating miR-137 was caused by reduction of SYNCRIP-dependent miRNA sorting into the exosomes in the dorsal striatum. Furthermore, diminished SYNCRIP in the dorsal striatum was necessary for MA abstinence-induced behavioral bias towards egocentric spatial learning. Taken together, our data revealed circulating miR-137 as a potential blood-based marker that could reflect MA abstinence-dependent changes in striatal miR-137/SYNCRIP axis, and striatal SYNCRIP as a potential therapeutic target for striatum-associated cognitive dysfunction by MA withdrawal syndrome.
Variation in Estimated Surgical Procedure Times Across Patient Characteristics and Surgeon Specialty
Authors: Daniel J. Crespin, Teague Ruder, Andrew W. Mulcahy, Ateev Mehrotra
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

The time involved in performing a procedure is a key factor in determining physician payments by Medicare. However, there are long-standing concerns regarding the accuracy of the time estimates generated by the American Medical Association/Specialty Society Relative Value Scale Update Committee surveys that are used in the valuation process, and there have been calls to use other data sources to estimate procedure times.To compare estimated procedure times that come from claims with the times used in Medicare's valuation process.Building off prior work using Medicare fee-for-service claims, procedure times were estimated from linked anesthesia claims data for 1349 different Current Procedure Terminology codes that are typically performed with anesthesia. All procedures in the nation performed in 2018 for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries were included in the analysis. These estimated times were compared with the times used in the valuation process. Analysis took place from February to November 2021.Estimated procedure times using anesthesia claims were compared with the procedure time used in valuation by calculating an estimated-to-valuation procedure time ratio for each code. The valuation procedure time is publicly reported by Medicare. The mean and median ratio are presented over all procedures and for select high-volume codes as well as by patient characteristics (age, sex, and risk score) and specialty of the physician performing the procedure.Across 4.9 million procedures in this analysis, the mean estimated procedure time was 27% lower than the time used in the valuation process. There were notable exceptions, for which the mean estimated procedure time equaled or exceeded the valuation time including total hip arthroplasty (5% longer) and total knee arthroplasty (equal duration). Within a given code, older patients and those with more illness had longer procedure times. There was substantial variation across specialties in the percent difference between mean estimated and valuation procedure times ranging from gastroenterology (36% shorter) and ophthalmology (35% shorter) to cardiac surgery (2% longer) and thoracic surgery (7% longer).Claims-based procedure times could be used to improve the accuracy of valuations for procedures.
Prevalence of (Epi)genetic Predisposing Factors in a 5-Year Unselected National Wilms Tumor Cohort: A Comprehensive Clinical and Genomic Characterization
Authors: Janna A. Hol, Roland P. Kuiper, Freerk van Dijk, Esmé Waanders, Sophie E. van Peer, Marco J. Koudijs, Reno Bladergroen, Simon V. van Reijmersdal, Lionel M. Morgado, Jet Bliek, Maria Paola Lombardi, Saskia Hopman, Jarno Drost, Ronald R. de Krijger, Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Marjolijn C.J. Jongmans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

PURPOSE Wilms tumor (WT) is associated with (epi)genetic predisposing factors affecting a growing number of WT predisposing genes and loci, including those causing Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) or WT1-related syndromes. To guide genetic counseling and testing, we need insight into the prevalence of WT predisposing (epi)genetic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS All children diagnosed with WT in the Netherlands between 2015 and 2020 were referred to a clinical geneticist. Phenotypic data, disease characteristics, and diagnostic test results were collected. If no genetic predisposition was identified by targeted diagnostic testing, germline (trio-)whole-exome sequencing and BWSp testing on normal kidney-derived DNA were offered. RESULTS A total of 126 cases were analyzed of 128 identified patients. (Epi)genetic predisposing factors were present in 42 of 126 patients (33.3%) on the basis of a molecular diagnosis in blood-derived DNA (n = 26), normal kidney-derived DNA (n = 12), or solely a clinical diagnosis of BWSp (n = 4). Constitutional, heterozygous DIS3L2 variants were identified as a recurrent predisposing factor in five patients (4%), with a second somatic hit in 4 of 5 tumors. Twenty patients (16%) were diagnosed with BWSp while four additional patients without BWSp features harbored chromosome 11p15 methylation defects in normal kidney tissue. Remaining findings included WT1-related syndromes (n = 10), Fanconi anemia (n = 1), neurofibromatosis type 1 (n = 1), and a pathogenic REST variant (n = 1). In addition, (likely) pathogenic variants in adult-onset cancer predisposition genes ( BRCA2, PMS2, CHEK2, and MUTYH) were identified in 5 of 56 (8.9%) patients with available whole-exome sequencing data. Several candidate WT predisposition genes were identified, which require further validation. CONCLUSION (Epi)genetic WT predisposing factors, including mosaic aberrations and recurrent heterozygous DIS3L2 variants, were present in at least 33.3% of patients with WT. On the basis of these results, we encourage standard genetic testing after counseling by a clinical geneticist.
Guar crispbread in the diabetic diet.
Authors: T D Hockaday, D J Jenkins, T M Wolever, R Nineham, R Taylor, S Bacon
Journal: BMJ (1979)

benefit of workers in other parts of the world.In the UK in 1960-5, according to Ashley,1°evidence suggested that "some 15 % of males and 180% of females are subjected to appendicectomy."What are the proportions nowadays ?What is the present situation in, say, the Hebrides compared with that in London ?In 1942 operation frequency in pre-OCTU student candidates was eight times higher than that in non-student young men.11Does a like disparity still prevail ?Furthermore, in immigrant populations in London such as Caribbeans and Asians, what are the respective frequencies of operations among them ?In the USA appendicitis incidence "has decreased 40 O in 20 years, perhaps more''l2; but from what rate to what rate ?We live in a time when the armamentarium for disease detection is far advanced and magnificent.It is therefore ironic that elementary information is almost completely lacking on a disease's precise frequency, the index of which, in a community, is more readily ascertainable than the making of an anthropometric measurement.
Psychogenic Rheumatism
Authors: W. Tegner, D. O'Neill, A. Kaldegg
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDBRITS_lo intravenous injection of soluble a'ntigens (horse serum) into animals, while somatic antigens (whole bacteria) produce their effect mainly in the lungs, liver, and spleen (Ehrich et al., 1949;Gregory and Rich, 1946).Most of these are regions commonly involved in Still's disease, and, as has been shown, the lungs, the heart, and the liver may not escape.ConclusionsStudy of the most acute cases of Still's disease emphasizes the widespread nature of the lesions.Although the majority of cases proceed to progressive arthritis, some patients may recover completely.Characteristic types of pyrexia can be recognized at different stages, and significant effects on the blood picture have also been observed.In rare instances the clinical picture may change from Still's disease to leukaemia.The close resemblance of Still's disease, particularly at the onset, with certain rare syn- dromes of an allergic nature suggests that rheumatoid arthritis may have a similar aetiological basis.Should this be so, some form of primary bacterial invasion seems to be likely in the course of events.I am indebted to several of my medical colleagues for allowing me to study their cases, and to Dr. Bodian and Mr. Martin for the histological sections and microphotographs reproduced in the photogravure plate.
<i>Home Gymnastics for the Well and Sick.</i>By E. Angerstein, M. D., Staff Physician and Superintendent of the Gymnasiums of the city of Berlin, and G. Eckler, Head Teacher of the Royal Institution for Training Teachers of Gymnastics. Translated from the eighth German edition by Barthoid Schlesinger. Houghton, Miffin &amp; Co., Boston and New York: 1889
Authors: F. T. M.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1889)
Of Struldbruggs, sugar, and gatekeepers: a tale of our times
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Since randomisation takes place before recruitment and consent to participate, it is possible for selection bias to influence results.We attempted to reduce this possibility by rigorous recording of selection criteria and by adjusting for known confounders in secondary analyses.This cannot, however, completely rule out the potential influence of selection bias.Secondly, since it is impossible to blind participants to the fact that they are receiving care in the chest pain observation unit or routine care, it is possible that a measure reported by patients, such as the EQ-5D, may be influenced by the patients' awareness that they are receiving "new" or routine care.Finally, further research is required before we can generalise the results from the Northern General chest pain observation unit to other hospitals. 16 Acknowledgments: We thank the staff of the Northern General Hospital departments of emergency medicine, acute medicine, and cardiology for their help with this project.We thank Brian Morris