tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The NADPARK study: A randomized phase I trial of nicotinamide riboside supplementation in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Brage Brakedal, Christian Dölle, Frank Riemer, Yilong Ma, Gonzalo S. Nido, Geir Olve Skeie, Alexander R. Craven, Thomas Schwarzlmüller, Njål Brekke, Joseph Diab, Lars Sverkeli, Vivian Skjeie, Kristin Varhaug, Ole-Bjørn Tysnes, Shichun Peng, Kristoffer Haugarvoll, Mathias Ziegler, Renate Grüner, David Eidelberg, Charalampos Tzoulis
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)

We conducted a double-blinded phase I clinical trial to establish whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) replenishment therapy, via oral intake of nicotinamide riboside (NR), is safe, augments cerebral NAD levels, and impacts cerebral metabolism in Parkinson's disease (PD). Thirty newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients received 1,000 mg NR or placebo for 30 days. NR treatment was well tolerated and led to a significant, but variable, increase in cerebral NAD levels-measured by 31phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy-and related metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid. NR recipients showing increased brain NAD levels exhibited altered cerebral metabolism, measured by 18fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and this was associated with mild clinical improvement. NR augmented the NAD metabolome and induced transcriptional upregulation of processes related to mitochondrial, lysosomal, and proteasomal function in blood cells and/or skeletal muscle. Furthermore, NR decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Our findings nominate NR as a potential neuroprotective therapy for PD, warranting further investigation in larger trials.
Answer
Authors: W Leung, A Bai, Y Chan, J Yu, K-F To, J-R Wu
Journal: Gut (2004)

Background and aims: Although peroxisome proliferator activated receptor c (PPARc) agonists have been implicated in differentiation and growth inhibition of cancer cells, the potential therapeutic and chemopreventive effects on gastric cancer are poorly defined.We examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of PPARc ligands on growth of gastric cancer, and the effect of PPARc activation on expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and cancer related genes.Methods: Gastric cell lines (MKN28 and MKN45) were treated with two specific PPARc ligands: ciglitazone and 15-deoxy-D 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2 .Cell growth was determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay and apoptosis was measured by DNA fragmentation.Expression of COX-2 was determined by western blot and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Expression profiles of cancer related genes were screened with cDNA array.In vivo growth of implanted MKN45 cells in nude mice was monitored after oral treatment with rosiglitazone.Results: PPARc ligands suppressed the in vitro growth of MKN45 cells in a dose dependent manner whereas prostacyclin, a PPARd agonist, had no growth inhibitory effect.Growth inhibition was more pronounced in MKN45 cells, which was accompanied by DNA fragmentation and downregulation of COX-2.Screening by cDNA microarray showed that PPARc ligand treatment was associated with upregulation of bad and p53, and downregulation of bcl-2, bcl-xl, and cyclin E1 in MKN45 cells, which was confirmed by quantitative real time PCR.In contrast, MKN28 cells with lower PPARc and COX-2 expression levels had lower growth inhibitory responses to PPARc ligands.Microarray experiments only showed induction of the bad gene in MKN28 cells.In vivo growth of MKN45 cells in nude mice was retarded by rosiglitazone.Mean tumour volume in rosiglitazone treated mice was significantly lower than controls at six weeks (p = 0.019) and seven weeks (p = 0.001) after treatment.Conclusions: PPARc ligands suppress both in vitro and in vivo growth of gastric cancer and may play a major role in cancer therapy and prevention.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Productive and Creative Research with Man and Dolphin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gene Scene
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IVF and human evolution
Authors: Hans Ivar Hanevik, Dag O Hessen
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2022)

ABSTRACT Humans are shaped by evolution through natural selection, as are all species. While evolution is central to all biological processes, the key stage for competition and selection is reproduction, which encompasses various events from courtship and mating to fertilization and pregnancy. In humans, IVF is used to aid the intrinsically inefficient reproduction by coitus, and in several countries, the proportion of children born after IVF is increasing. While IVF is an enabling technology for infertile patients, it also circumvents reproductive barriers and changes selection pressures. This grand theme review describes the systematic differences between IVF and coitus in selection pressures on reproducing cells, individuals and populations. At the cellular unit of selection, for example, IVF favours different traits in spermatozoa (fast swimmers over short distances) than coitus does (forward mobility over longer distances). Similarly, a male with low sperm quality and a female who decides to delay her first birth to an advanced age, can both increase their reproductive fitness by IVF compared to if reproduction by coitus is their only option. In as much as delayed reproduction is a cultural trait, IVF thus enables cultural practices that may in their turn affect human evolution. A main point in this review is to discuss the interactive effects of biological and cultural traits in the context of IVF, and how they act in concert as drivers towards increased demand for IVF. It is not the aim of this review to argue against IVF, which no doubt is a major medical advancement, but rather to examine IVF and human evolution from a broad perspective, including potential longer-term impacts. Since IVF is a young technology, the empirical data indicative of evolutionary effects of IVF in humans are sparse. In general, we argue that IVF facilitates the redirection of resources away from reproduction in humans, since reproduction by IVF bypasses some of the resource-demanding processes that reproduction by coitus entails. Hence, IVF sets the evolutionary stage for a human species increasingly reliant on, and adapted to, technological means of reproduction.
Primary carcinoma of the appendix
Authors: E. Herczeg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is a rare tumor. Fewer than 200 cases are on record. Correct preoperative diagnosis is virtually nonexistent. Two patients with adenocarcinoma of the appendix are described. Although appendectomy appears to be adequate treatment for carcinoid, right hemicolectomy is, in our opinion, the treatment of choice for mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, while it is mandatory in cases of adenocarcinoma of the colonic type. (<i>JAMA</i>238:51-52, 1977)
The Kingdoms of Nature, or Life and Organization from the Elements to Man.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
Authors: W. T. Holland
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The present mode of social thinking —individually, in government, and in worldwide relations—may be perpetrating, in the social sphere, the sin which is cardinal in medicine: treating the symptoms of disease and overlooking the basic disease process itself. Society attempts to keep the older person when he no longer will keep himself instead of getting at the root of the disease and teaching and encouraging him to care for himself. The result is the creation of law after law and tax after tax, one often negating the good created by the other. People succumb to the belief that happiness depends upon certain material benefits and neglect the spiritual and emotional side of man. They think that, if they provide the older person with a small monthly check and marginal medical care, they have thereupon done their social duty, stilled their social conscience, and done what they are
Reply to Salimi <i>et al</i>.: Stimulating Neural Pathways to Reduce Mechanical Ventilation–associated Neurocognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Thiago G. Bassi, Elizabeth C. Rohrs, Karl C. Fernandez, Marlena Ornowska, Michelle Nicholas, Matt Gani, Doug Evans, Steven C. Reynolds
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)
Predictors of Outcomes in Patients with HIV Infection Treated with Indinavir, Zidovudine, and Lamivudine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients4 December 2001Predictors of Outcomes in Patients with HIV Infection Treated with Indinavir, Zidovudine, and LamivudineSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-11-200112040-00002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, the virus that causes AIDS) interferes with the ability to fight infections. Simultaneous use of several anti-HIV drugs can reduce the amount of the virus in the blood and improve patient outcomes. Unfortunately, HIV is not always fully suppressed by such treatments. HIV can then become resistant to the drugs, and the patient must then change to another group of drugs. Two blood tests, the number of CD4 immune cells (a higher number is better) and viral load (a smaller load is better), usually ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Predictors of Virologic and Clinical Outcomes in HIV-1–Infected Patients Receiving Concurrent Treatment with Indinavir, Zidovudine, and Lamivudine. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 320.” It is in the 4 December 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 135, pages 954-964). The authors are LM Demeter, MD Hughes, RW Coombs, JB Jackson, JM Grimes, RJ Bosch, SA Fiscus, SA Spector, KE Squires, MA Fischl, and SM Hammer.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPredictors of Virologic and Clinical Outcomes in HIV-1–Infected Patients Receiving Concurrent Treatment with Indinavir, Zidovudine, and Lamivudine: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 320 Lisa M. Demeter , Michael D. Hughes , Robert W. Coombs , J. Brooks Jackson , Janet M. Grimes , Ronald J. Bosch , Susan A. Fiscus , Stephen A. Spector , Kathleen E. Squires , Margaret A. Fischl , and Scott M. Hammer Metrics 4 December 2001Volume 135, Issue 11Page: I-59KeywordsAIDSCellsClinical trialsDrug therapyDrugsHIVHIV infectionsHematologic testsPatientsViral load ePublished: 4 December 2001 Issue Published: 4 December 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Health plan accountability still a long-term goal
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

ASSURING THE QUALITY of managed care plans as they become increasingly prominent in the provision of health care means mounting pressure on measuring their performance. The demand comes from potential plan purchasers, consumers, and purveyors of the plans themselves. The immediate driving force may be cost—the best service for the least money—but the ultimate goal is to achieve accountability and maintain high-quality service. This goal is a long way off, maybe as long as 8 or 10 years, according to speakers at a spring meeting of the American Peer Review Association held in Arlington, Va. Although there is no agreement yet on how to achieve health care plan accountability, it was clear from presentations at the meeting that discussions on the issue are well under way. Concern about rising expenditures for health care has fostered the growth of managed care. But "there is a wide variation in what we call
Surveillance and epidemiology of syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia in the non-European Union countries of the World Health Organization European Region, 2015 to 2020
Authors: Jelena Barbaric, Giorgi Kuchukhidze, Nicole Seguy, Elena Vovc, Maria Josefina Theresa Babovic, Teodora Elvira Wi, Daniel Low-Beer, Ivana Bozicevic
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Background Epidemics of sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a major public health challenge in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Aim We aimed to provide an overview of case reporting and other surveillance data for syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia for the non-European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) countries of the Centre and East part of the WHO European Region as per classification used by the WHO Regional Office for Europe (WHO/Europe) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Methods Data were provided by the surveillance agencies of the Member States for the period 2015 to 2019 through the WHO/Europe Communicable Diseases Annual Reporting Form. We analysed reported cases, explored data reported to the WHO Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (GASP) and performed a review of publications on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in gonorrhoea in the period 2015 to 2020 using systematic methodology. Results From 2015 to 2019, in most of the countries with three or more data points, there was a pattern of decrease in reported syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia cases, which is in contrast to the EU/EEA. The number of reported cases per 100,000 population was 0.4–26.5 for syphilis, 0–18.5 for gonorrhoea and 0–43.3 for chlamydia. Four countries reported recent data on AMR in gonorrhoea to GASP, and we identified further publications from Georgia, Russia and Ukraine. Conclusion We found wide heterogeneity in reported rates of STI. There is a strong need to improve availability and quality of STI surveillance data in the non-EU/EEA countries.
MEETINGS AND ABSTRACTS
Authors: None &NA;
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

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Obituaries
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RENÉ DESCARTES
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CHLORALOSE.
Authors: JAMES TYSON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In 1896 I published<sup>1</sup>a "Clinical Note on the Action [ill] Chloralose," referring to the sources of my [ill] about it and detailing some clinical experiences. referred to Dr. George William Balfour's favorable [ill] to it in his book on the "Senile Heart," and [ill] an unknown author who said of it: "Chloralose has [ill] the advantages of chloral without its disadvantages." Another writer especially commended it in the treatment of insomnia of the insane. I also mentioned that [ill] was so named by Richet and Hanriot, of Paris, and is aid to be a combination of chloral and glucose—technically anhydro-gluco-chloral, chemically C<sup>8</sup>H<sup>11</sup>Cl<sup>3</sup>O<sup>6</sup>. It [ill] described technically as a "hypnotic yet excitant of the [ill] cord." Virgil Coblentz, in his "Newer Remedies." [ill] it forms fine colorless needles, which melt at 180 to [ill] C.—363.2 to 366.8 F.—soluble in 170 parts of
Meetings
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal