tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ebola Virus Transmission Initiated by Relapse of Systemic Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Catherine Pratt, Mbusa Mutafali-Ruffin, Matthias G. Pauthner, Faustin Bile, Antoine Nkuba-Ndaye, Allison Black, Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki, Martin Faye, Amuri Aziza, Moussa M. Diagne, Daniel Mukadi, Bailey White, James Hadfield, Karthik Gangavarapu, Nella Bisento, Donatien Kazadi, Bibiche Nsunda, Marceline Akonga, Olivier Tshiani, John Misasi, Aurelie Ploquin, Victor Epaso, Emilia Sana-Paka, Yannick Tutu Tshia N’kasar, Fabrice Mambu, Francois Edidi, Meris Matondo, Junior Bula Bula, Boubacar Diallo, Mory Keita, Marie R.D. Belizaire, Ibrahima S. Fall, Abdoulaye Yam, Sabue Mulangu, Anne W. Rimoin, Elias Salfati, Ali Torkamani, Marc A. Suchard, Ian Crozier, Lisa Hensley, Andrew Rambaut, Ousmane Faye, Amadou Sall, Nancy J. Sullivan, Trevor Bedford, Kristian G. Andersen, Michael R. Wiley, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

During the 2018-2020 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in North Kivu province in the Democratic Republic of Congo, EVD was diagnosed in a patient who had received the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine expressing a ZEBOV glycoprotein (rVSV-ZEBOV) (Merck).His treatment included an Ebola virus (EBOV)-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb114), and he recovered within 14 days.However, 6 months later, he presented again with severe EVD-like illness and EBOV viremia, and he died.We initiated epidemiologic and genomic investigations that showed that the patient had had a relapse of acute EVD that led to a transmission chain resulting in 91 cases across six health zones over 4 months.(Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others.)H uman-to-human transmission of Ebola virus (EBOV) typically occurs through direct contact with infectious blood or bodily fluids (e.g., semen or breast milk). 1 EBOV persistence has been well documented in survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD).Although secondary transmission through contact with infectious bodily fluids is relatively rare, it has been linked to flare-up events. 2 In two survivors of EVD, meningoencephalitis and uveitis syndromes have been associated with infectious EBOV in cerebrospinal fluid and aqueous humor, respectively; neither case led to further transmission. 3,4Here, we report the relapse of acute EVD in a patient who was infected with the EBOV Ituri variant during the 2018-2020 North Kivu EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). 5he relapse, which occurred 149 days after the patient was discharged from an Ebola treatment unit, sparked a transmission chain of 91 cases. C a se R eport
Incremental Role of 18F-FDG–Labeled Autologous Leukocyte PET/CT in Suspected Postoperative Recurrence of Skull Base Osteomyelitis
Authors: Venkata Subramanian Krishnaraju, Rajender Kumar, Sourabha K. Patro, Anish Bhattacharya, Harmandeep Singh, Bhagwant Rai Mittal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract Skull base osteomyelitis is 1 of the complications of a middle ear infection seen mainly in immunocompromised individuals. A 3-phase bone scan and clinical, laboratory, and other radiological imaging are used for the diagnosis. However, in previously operated cases, bone scan findings are not reliable. We present a case of a 70-year-old man with persistent ear discharge postsurgery and with 3-phase bone scan negative for active infection. However, a subsequent 18 F-FDG–labeled autologous leukocyte PET/CT study was able to diagnose the presence of active infection.
Cardiac output and renal blood flow in glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat.
Authors: C HHsu, T WKurtz, T PWaldinger
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Cardiac output (CO) and renal blood flow (RBF) were simultaneously evaluated by the microsphere method in water-drinking and chronic saline-drinking rats at 3, 12 and 24 hours after induction of acute renal failure by glycerol injection. Threee hours after glycerol injection CO and RBF decreased to 36% and 20% of the respective controls in water-drinking rats and to 41% and 24% of the controls in saline-drinking rats. Renal vascular resistance (RVR) increased significantly in both groups at this time. Isoncotic plasma expansion (3% of body weight) restored the RBF and RVR to normal in water-drinking rats 3 hours post-glycerol injection, althought CO increased to only 70% of the control. Twelve hours after glycerol injection, CO and RBF returned to normal in saline-drinking rats, whereas they remained lower than controls in water-drinking rats. Twenty-four hours post-glycerol injection, when acute renal failure was evident as indicated by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values of 116.9 and 63.8 mg/100 ml in wate...
A New Tool For Bile Duct Tissue Sampling: Ex-Vivo Clinical Evaluation of Intraductal Cryobiopsy for Cholangioscopy
Authors: L Wirsing, W Linzenbold, M Enderle, P Stahl, W Traenkenschuh, T Leibold, J Albert, J Peveling-Oberhag
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Indeterminate biliary strictures (IBS) represent a major challenge in clinical diagnostics today. Diagnostic yield of radiological and endoscopic imaging is insufficient, and histopathological diagnosis based on in-vivo biopsy technique is ambiguous in many cases. The cryobiopsy technique (CB) is a new method for tissue extraction, which is already used for endobronchial biopsies in clinical routine.
Could a simple microbiological culture and an antibiogram guide the treatment of our patients with papulopustular rosacea (PPR)?
Authors: Wagner Bertolini, Rodrigo Pereira Duquia, Osmar Luiz Magalhães de Oliveira, Fernanda de Campos Gonçalves, Renan Rangel Bonamigo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Palbociclib in Hormone-Receptor–Positive Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Nicholas C Turner, Cynthia Huang  Bartlett, Massimo Cristofanilli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

To the Editor: In the PALOMA3 study, Turner et al. (July 16 issue)1 report that the addition of palbociclib to fulvestrant improved progression-free survival as compared with fulvestrant alone in patients with advanced breast cancer, with similar discontinuation rates because of adverse effects (2.6% and 1.7%, respectively). However, molecularly targeted therapies have moderate toxic effects that may become unacceptable over the long term and result in a deterioration in the quality of life, as shown in a previous report.2,3 The PALOMA1 study, a previous phase 2 trial of palbociclib with a median follow-up of approximately 30 months, showed that the combination of palbociclib and letrozole, as compared with letrozole alone, was associated with higher rates of discontinuation (11% vs. 2%) and dose interruption (33% vs. 4%) because of adverse effects.4 Furthermore, the rate of pulmonary embolism in the PALOMA1 study was higher than that in the PALOMA3 study (4% vs. 0.9%). Thus, because the authors report the results of a predetermined interim analysis with a median observation period of only 5.6 months, it is possible that further follow-up may reveal long-term toxic effects that disturb the regular administration of the combination therapy or hamper the use of subsequent therapies. Akihiko Ozaki, M.D. Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital Fukushima, Japan ozakiakihiko@gmail.com
Endoscopic Complete Resection of a Protruding Giant Sigmoid Lipoma: A Case Report
Authors: MS Elbayoumy, TMA Alsibai, WA Aboukamar, AM Jaddoh, IM Alruzug
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims To prove the efficacy and safety of colonoscopic resection and retrieval of giant colonic lipoma using an endoloop and snare cautery.
Adenosine infusion for the reversal of pulmonary vasoconstriction in biventricular failure. A good test but a poor therapy.
Authors: G AHaywood, J FSneddon, YBashir, S HJennison, H HGray, W JMcKenna
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDElevation of pulmonary vascular resistance is an important determinant of right ventricular function in patients with end-stage biventricular heart failure. Vasodilator drug therapy directed at the pulmonary vasculature is used in the hemodynamic assessment of patients for orthotopic heart transplantation, and therapy aimed at decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance and transpulmonary pressure gradient has been advocated in patients awaiting heart transplantation. Adenosine infusion has been shown to cause selective pulmonary vasodilatation in normal subjects and in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension but has not been assessed in patients with biventricular heart failure.METHODS AND RESULTSUsing two infusion doses, we studied the pulmonary and renal hemodynamic effects of adenosine on patients referred for heart transplantation (n = 21) and compared it with sodium nitroprusside (n = 18). Patients received 30% oxygen via face mask throughout the study. Adenosine at 100 micrograms/kg min...
Prostate cancer: MMP2, MMP9, MMP14, TIMP2 and disease-free survival
Authors: Dominique Trudel, Yves Fradet, François Meyer, François Harel, Bernard Têtu
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

1154  Introduction : We have recently shown that the matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2, gelatinase A) overexpression by cancer cells was associated with a poor prognosis in prostate cancer (Pca) (Cancer Res, 2003). MMP14 activates MMP2 using pro-MMP2 specific inhibitor TIMP2 as a receptor. Activated MMP2 degrades extracellular matrix components such as collagen and gelatin, and activates other MMPs including MMP9 (gelatinase B). We therefore tested the influence of MMP9, MMP14 and TIMP2 expression on Pca disease-free survival and the association between MMP2, MMP9, MMP14 and TIMP2. Material and Methods: By immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the 200 T3NxM0 Pca cases used for our MMP2 prior study. We evaluated marker expression separately in cancer, stromal and benign epithelial (BE) cells according to a percentage scale (0,   10%) TIMP2 expression in stromal cells (HR = 0.573, p = 0.0233) and an increased risk of Pca recurrence with MMP2 expression by > 50% of BE cells (HR = 3.006, p = 0.0387). Increase risk of Pca recurrence was also observed with the following combinations: low TIMP2 in stromal cells and high MMP2 in BE cells (HR = 4.121, p
Balloon Dilatation of Proximal Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease Strictures During Antegrade Double Balloon Enteroscopy
Authors: F O’Hara, S Seminov, D McNamara
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Endoscopic dilation +/- steroid injection is a recognised treatment for short, isolated, distal ileal and anastomotic Crohn’s strictures. The evidence base and clinical predictors of response are not well established for proximal jejunal strictures.
Inositol trisphosphate promotes Na-Ca exchange current by releasing calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac myocytes.
Authors: J CGilbert, TShirayama, A JPappano
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

An early inward tail current evoked by membrane depolarization (from -80 to -40 mV) sufficient to activate sodium but not calcium current was studied in single voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes isolated from guinea pig hearts. Like forward-mode Na-Ca exchange, this early inward tail current required [Na+]o and [Ca2+]i and is thought to follow earlier reverse-mode Na-Ca exchange that triggers Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. The dependence of the early inward tail current on [Ca2+]i was supported by the ability of small (+10 mV) and large (+80 mV) voltage jumps from -40 mV to decrease and increase, respectively, the size of early inward tail currents evoked by subsequent voltage steps from -80 to -40 mV. As expected, tetrodotoxin selectively inhibited the early inward tail current but not the late inward tail current that followed voltage jumps to +40 mV test potentials. Although tetrodotoxin also blocked the fast Na+ current, replacement of extracellular Na+ by Li+ sustained the fast Na+ curre...
Proximal regulatory domains of rat atrial natriuretic factor gene.
Authors: ARosenzweig, T DHalazonetis, J GSeidman, C ESeidman
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDAt least three cis-acting regulatory elements are required for expression of the rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene. One distal cis-acting regulatory element lies more than 640 base pairs from the transcription initiation site.METHODS AND RESULTSIn this report, we identify two other proximal regulatory elements that lie within 609 base pairs of the transcription initiation site. One proximal regulatory element contains an activator protein-1 (AP-1)-like binding site and is recognized by the AP-1 protein, the c-fos/c-jun proto-oncogene heterodimer in vitro. The second regulatory element contains a cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE)-like recognition site.CONCLUSIONSIn vitro binding of the c-fos/c-jun heterodimer to ANF gene sequences suggests that the heterodimer may play a role in the regulation of gene transcription in vivo. This observation may also explain the correlation between c-fos/c-jun expression and ventricular ANF gene expression found in hypertrophic states. Nuclear extracts fr...
Effects of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide on the interrelationship of arterial pressure, aortic nerve activity, and aortic diameter.
Authors: YHirooka, ATakeshita, TImaizumi, NNakamura, HTomoike, MNakamura
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

A previous study has suggested that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) alters arterial baroreflex control of lumbar and renal sympathetic nerve activity. To explore these mechanisms, we examined the interrelationship of arterial pressure, afferent aortic nerve activity, and aortic diameter in rabbits anesthetized with alpha-chloralose before and after sinoaortic denervation and bilateral vagotomy. Arterial pressure was decreased in stepwise fashion by intravenous infusion of alpha-human ANP (alpha-hANP, 0.1-1.0 microgram/kg/min) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1-5 micrograms/kg/min). Both in rabbits with intact baroreceptors and in those with baroreceptors denervated, aortic nerve activity and the aortic diameter decreased during hypotension caused by the infusion of SNP but remained unchanged during hypotension caused by the infusion of alpha-hANP. In addition, we examined the effects of alpha-hANP and SNP on the responses of the aortic diameter and aortic nerve activity to rapid changes in arterial pressure...
Factors influencing the success of ventricular defibrillation in man.
Authors: R EKerber, WSarnat
Journal: Circulation (1979)

To define the factors influencing the success of emergency ventricular defibrillation, we identified 52 patients defibrillated at the University of Iowa Hospital during 1974--1976. Thirty-eight patients were successfully defibrillated at least once; 14 could not be defibrillated, despite multiple attempts. Comparisons between these groups revealed no significant differences in body weight, heart weight, energy per kilogram of body weight and energy per gram of heart weight. Factors that militated against successful defibrillation included a prolonged delay before the first defibrillatory shock (successful 7 +/- 7 minutes (SD); unsuccessful 17 +/- 13 minutes, p less than 0.001), acidosis (successful pH 7.36 +/- 0.22; unsuccessful pH 7.23 +/- 0.12, p = 0.05) and hypoxia (successful PO2 100 + 98 torr; unsuccessful PO2 40 +/- 67 torr; p = 0.06). These three conditions tended to occur together in individual patients. Metabolic factors are important in determining defibrillation success; however, the role of hi...
Effects of coronary arterial pressure on left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation of isolated canine heart.
Authors: KSunagawa, W LMaughan, GFriesinger, PGuzman, M SChang, KSagawa
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

In the excised canine left ventricle, the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) has been shown to be approximately linear over the working range of loading conditions when coronary arterial pressure (CAP) is maintained constant, independent of loading conditions. To investigate the ESPVR under the more intact physiological condition in which the CAP varies with loading on the left ventricle, we studied the effect of changes in CAP on the ESPVR in 10 excised cross-circulated canine ventricles which were contracting isovolumically. The ESPVR, determined from isovolumic contractions at four different volumes, was reasonably independent of CAP as long as CAP remained above a critical pressure (67.0 +/- 22.1 mm Hg). Below this pressure, the slope of ESPVR decreased although the volume axis intercept (V0) remained unaltered. These findings indicate that under physiological conditions, where there is a close coupling of CAP to systolic left ventricular pressure, the ESPVR should become nonlinear in t...
Mdm2 and MdmX: Partners in p53 Destruction
Authors: James J. Manfredi
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Mdm2 and MdmX are two closely related proteins that have been well-characterized as negative regulators of the tumor suppressor p53. Their interplay and especially respective roles in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of p53 have lacked clarity. Yang and colleagues now demonstrate an obligate role for MdmX in recruitment of the E2 ubiquitin ligase UbcH5c to the Mdm2-MdmX hetero-oligomer. The use of elegant genetically engineered mouse models ensures the biological relevance of their findings that have important implications for targeted therapies involving these key players in the p53 pathway. See related article by Yang et al., Cancer Res 2021;81:898–909.
Less-Tight versus Tight Control of Hypertension in Pregnancy
Authors: Laura A Magee, Joel Singer, Peter von Dadelszen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The Authors Reply: CHIPS showed that lesstight control was not superior to tight control for the baby but was associated with more severe hypertension for the mother.Given the similarity of the blood pressure control interventions in the Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy (CHAP) project (ClinicalTrials.govnumber, NCT02299414) and CHIPS, we analyzed outcome data according to the CHAP project protocol for the 736 women with chronic hypertension who were enrolled in CHIPS.The CHAP project has two primary outcomes.The group randomly assigned to lesstight (vs.tight) control had a higher incidence of the first primary outcome, a composite adverse maternal and perinatal outcome (42.8% vs. 32.1%;adjusted odds ratio, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.10), and a lower incidence of the second primary outcome, small-for-gestational-age infants (13.9% vs. 19.7%;adjusted odds ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.99).Other findings suggest that any favorable effect of less-tight (vs.tight) control on fetal growth is unlikely to be clinically important.As noted in our article, the groups did not differ significantly with respect to the primary prespecified outcome of our trial (pregnancy loss or high-level neonatal care for >48 hours).We found no benefit in additional analyses assessing adverse secondary outcomes prespecified in the CHAP project for the baby (severe adverse perinatal outcome, 8.7% in the less-tight-control group vs. 5.8% in the tight-control group; adjusted odds ratio, 1.68; 95% CI, 0.94 to 3.03) or for the mother (see Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this letter at NEJM.org).Our finding that less-tight control was associated with more severe hypertension persisted after adjustment for the higher prevalence of severe hypertension among women randomly assigned to less-tight control.We would caution against regarding progression to severe hypertension as something that "can be identified and treated"; failure to identify and treat it has been recognized in reviews of maternal deaths as the single most important failing in the care of women with pregnancy hypertension. 1
Chronic cerebroventricular infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride in rats reduces hypothalamic sympatho-inhibition and elevates blood pressure.
Authors: EMiyajima, R DBuñag
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

To determine whether or not salt loading restricted to the brain would elevate blood pressure, chronically implanted osmotic minipumps were used to infuse hypertonic sodium chloride solutions made in artificial cerebrospinal fluid into a jugular vein intravenously or the third cerebral ventricle, intracerebroventricularly, for 11 days in awake rats. During intracerebroventricular infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride, tail-cuff systolic pressures began to rise on day 4 and were significantly elevated by day 9. In contrast, infusions of either artificial cerebrospinal fluid alone, intracerebroventricularly, or hypertonic sodium chloride, intravenously, were ineffective. Confirming the blood pressure elevation thereby detected, systolic and mean pressures recorded directly from indwelling aortic catheters after the same rats had been anesthetized with urethane on day 11, were also significantly higher following intracerebroventricular infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride than after infusion of artificial...
Concentration-dependent effects of protein kinase C-activating and -nonactivating phorbol esters on myocardial contractility, coronary resistance, energy metabolism, prostacyclin synthesis, and ultrastructure in isolated rat hearts. Effects of amiloride.
Authors: J EWatson, MKarmazyn
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

An extensive investigation of the cardiac actions of phorbol esters and the potential role of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger in those actions was carried out using isolated rat hearts. Sixty minutes of perfusion with 10(-9) M phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or 10(-8) M phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) produced marked cardiac dysfunction associated with depressed contractility, coronary constriction, and elevated resting tension, the latter being particularly evident with PMA. These effects were also associated with disturbances in tissue levels of energy metabolites manifested primarily by a reduction in ATP and an elevation in lactate. Furthermore, both phorbols produced a sustained stimulation of the release of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto PGF1 alpha), the hydrolysis product of prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2). Amiloride, an inhibitor of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger, significantly attenuated the loss in contractility and elevation in coronary pressure as well as the stimulated release of 6-keto PGF1 alpha...
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: A. Parker Champlin
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —If I remember rightly, the proposition was made, at a recent meeting of the Association, to select a permanent location for our annual meetings; I do not remember decision, but if in the affirmative, I certainly deem said place to be the proper one at which to publishThe Journal, otherwise, I cannot see any benefit, pecuniary or other, to be derived by moving from Chicago. I therefore vote that no change be made. Biloxi, Miss., Jan. 27, 1891.
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: J. F. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —There is no city in the United States more suitable for the publication ofThe Journalthan Chicago. It is unwise to move, and it is the height of folly to moveThe Journalfrom a large, rapidly growing city with its large material for journalism, to a small town, even though it be the capital of the country. Tecumseh, Mich., Jan. 19, 1891.