tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of moderate physical exercise on serum lipoproteins. A controlled clinical trial with special reference to serum high-density lipoproteins.
Authors: J KHuttunen, ELänsimies, EVoutilainen, CEhnholm, EHietanen, IPenttilä, OSiitonen, RRauramaa
Journal: Circulation (1979)

A controlled trial is reported on the effects of mild-to-moderate physical activity on serum lipoproteins. After two baseline examinations 100 asymptomatic middle-aged men were randomly assigned to exercise and control groups. The exercise group participated in a 4-month exercise program that consisted of 3-4 weekly sessions. The control group was advised to maintain their previous exercise habits. The success of the program was corroborated by the increase in VO2 in the training group, but not in the control group. Serum triglycerides decreased from 1.54 +/- 0.10 to 1.27 +/- 0.08 mmol/1 (p less than 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased from 1.27 +/- 0.04 to 1.41 +/- 0.04 mmol/1 (p less than 0.01) in the exercise group during the trial. No change was seen in the control group. As the concentration of apolipoprotein AI stayed constant in both groups, the ratio HDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein AI increased only in the exercise group. The level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) choles...
Inflammasome-independent functions of AIM2
Authors: Junjie Zhao, William Miller-Little, Xiaoxia Li
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

AIM2 is widely known for its role as a cytosolic dsDNA receptor that activates the inflammasome. In this issue of JEM, Ma et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201796) describe an inflammasome-independent function of AIM2 in microglia that restrains neuroinflammation via a novel crosstalk between AIM2 and cGAS signaling.
Cerebral versus systemic hemodynamics during graded orthostatic stress in humans.
Authors: B DLevine, C AGiller, L DLane, J CBuckey, C GBlomqvist
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDOrthostatic syncope is usually attributed to cerebral hypoperfusion secondary to systemic hemodynamic collapse. Recent research in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope has suggested that cerebral vasoconstriction may occur during orthostatic hypotension, compromising cerebral autoregulation and possibly contributing to the loss of consciousness. However, the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in such patients may be quite different from that of healthy individuals, particularly when assessed during the rapidly changing hemodynamic conditions associated with neurocardiogenic syncope. To be able to interpret the pathophysiological significance of these observations, a clear understanding of the normal responses of the cerebral circulation to orthostatic stress must be obtained, particularly in the context of the known changes in systemic and regional distributions of blood flow and vascular resistance during orthostasis. Therefore, the specific aim of this study was to examine the changes t...
Physical conditioning decreases norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in rabbits. Possible roles of norepinephrine-evoked endothelium-derived relaxing factor.
Authors: H IChen, H TLi, C CChen
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDPhysical activity can reduce sympathetic tone and may be beneficial to human health. Whether the vascular responses to norepinephrine (NE), an adrenergic vasoconstrictor, could be altered by chronic exercise was unclear. We therefore conducted this study to investigate the effects of endurance exercise training on NE-induced vasoconstrictive response in healthy rabbits. Possible mechanisms were also studied.METHODS AND RESULTSTwenty-four male New Zealand White rabbits were used for this study. They were divided into two groups: control and training. The training group was trained on a treadmill with running speed of 0.88 km/h at a 0 degree grade for 10 to 60 minutes per day, for 5 days a week for a total of 8 weeks. At the end of the experiments, thoracic aortae (3 mm long) were isolated. The vascular tension was measured with a force transducer. The dose-response relation of NE-induced vasoconstriction was determined and compared for control (n = 5) and trained (n = 6) groups. To verify the pos...
Antibody to Endotoxin in the Treatment of Gram-negative Sepsis
Authors: Sander van Deventer
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Greenman et al 1 reported a clinical trial with the murine antiendotoxin antibody E5 and concluded that this treatment reduces mortality and enhances the resolution of organ failure in patients with gram-negative sepsis who are not in shock at the time of treatment.  I do not agree that these conclusions are substantiated by the data presented. First, nowhere in the article is the main end point of this trial, as prospectively defined in an analytic plan, mentioned. Having been involved in several therapeutic clinical trials on patients with sepsis, it seems highly unlikely that one would prospectively define a group of patients characterized by organ failure but without shock as the group that would benefit most from antiendotoxin treatment. In fact, most patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome or renal failure have experienced a period of hypotension from which they may or may not be successfully resuscitated,
Exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure delays ventilatory anaerobic threshold and improves submaximal exercise performance.
Authors: M JSullivan, M BHigginbotham, F RCobb
Journal: Circulation (1989)

We have recently demonstrated that exercise training can induce important hemodynamic and metabolic adaptations in patients with chronic heart failure due to severe left ventricular dysfunction. This study examines the accompanying changes in submaximal exercise performance and the ventilatory response to exercise in these patients. Before and after 16-24 weeks of exercise training, subjects underwent two symptom-limited bicycle exercise tests, one with an incremental graded workload, and one with a constant workload that represented 79 +/- 11% of the pretraining peak oxygen consumption. Breath-by-breath expired gas analysis was performed continuously during each test, and central hemodynamic, leg blood flow, and blood lactate measurements were obtained during the incremental protocol. The ventilatory anaerobic threshold was determined during the incremental exercise study from coplotted breath-by-breath ventilatory data with standard criteria by observers who were unaware of patient identity or training ...
The His-Purkinje electrocardiogram in man: an initial assessment of its uses and limitations.
Authors: E JBerbari, B JScherlag, NEl-Sherif, BBefeler, J MAranda, RLazzara
Journal: Circulation (1976)

A methodology is described for noninvasive recording of the electrical activity generated by the His-Purkinje system of man utilizing filtering, high amplification, and signal averaging. A waveform ranging between 1 and 10mu V was observed during the P-R segment. In many individuals, there was temporal overlap between the terminal P wave and the initial portion of the His-Purkinje waveform. In ten patients with long P-R intervals there was a strong correlation (r greater than 0.95) between the H-V time measured by electrode catheter and the duration of the His-Purkinje waveform. In two patients with atrial fibrillation the resultant His-Purkinje waveform was similar in morphology and duration to those observed in the ten patients. In each group H-V time was determined noninvasively and a waveform associated with electrical activation of the major portions of the His-Purkinje system was obtained.
Early serum TARC reduction predicts prognosis in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated with a PET-adapted strategy.
Authors: Simonetta Viviani, Arabella Mazzocchi, Chiara Pavoni, Francesca Taverna, Andrea Rossi, Caterina Patti, Alessandra Romano, Livio Trentin, Roberto Sorasio, Anna Guidetti, Daniela Gottardi, Corrado Tarella, Michele Cimminiello, Roberta Zanotti, Lucia Farina, Andrés José Maria Ferreri, Marina Galbiati, Paolo Corradini, Alessandro Massimo Gianni, Andrea Gallamini, Alessandro Rambaldi
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2020)
Mastectomy and Oophorectomy by Menstrual Cycle Phase in Women With Operable Breast Cancer
Authors: R. R. Love
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: It is unclear whether the phase of the menstrual cycle in which primary surgical treatment occurs influences disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in premenopausal women with breast cancer. We investigated this question in the context of a clinical trial comparing mastectomy alone with mastectomy plus adjuvant oophorectomy and tamoxifen in premenopausal women with operable breast cancer. Methods: The date of the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) was used to estimate the phase of the menstrual cycle when the surgeries were done. Follicular phase was defined as day 1–14 from LMP. Luteal phase was defined as day 15–42 from LMP. DFS and OS statistics were determined and analyzed by Cox proportional hazards ratios and Kaplan–Meier methods. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: We analyzed results for 565 women who reported an LMP within 42 days before surgery. For women in the mastectomy only arm (n = 289), there were no differences in DFS or OS by menstrual cycle phase. For women in the adjuvant treatment arm (n = 276), those whose surgery occurred during the luteal phase (n = 158) had better DFS (relative risk [RR] = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32 to 0.96; P = .02) and OS (RR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.95; P = .03) than those whose surgery occurred during the follicular phase (n = 118). Moreover, women whose surgery occurred during the luteal phase and who received adjuvant therapy had better 5-year DFS than did women whose surgery occurred during the follicular phase (84%; 95% CI = 78% to 90% versus 67%; 95% CI = 58% to 78%; P = .02); they also had better OS (85%; 95% CI = 78% to 92% versus 75%; 95% CI = 66% to 84%; P = .03). Conclusions: The phase of the menstrual cycle at which surgery was done had no impact on survival for women who received mastectomy only. However, women who received a mastectomy and surgical oophorectomy and tamoxifen during the luteal phase had better outcomes than women who received surgery during the follicular phase.
Angiographic and histologic consequences of laser thermal angioplasty: comparison with balloon angioplasty.
Authors: T ASanborn, C CHaudenschild, G RGarber, T JRyan, D PFaxon
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The angiographic and histologic consequences of laser thermal angioplasty were examined and compared with those of conventional balloon angioplasty in an atherosclerotic rabbit iliac artery preparation immediately and 4 weeks after the procedure. Nineteen vessels in 13 rabbits underwent either laser thermal or balloon angioplasty in random order. Laser thermal angioplasty was performed in a total of nine vessels with either a 1.5 or 2.0 mm laser-heated metallic-capped fiber by delivery of 6 or 8 W, respectively, of argon laser energy for 5 sec duration during continuous advancement through the stenosis. Balloon angioplasty was performed in a total of 10 stenotic lesions with a 2.5 mm balloon catheter. The immediate enlargement of the angiographic luminal diameters was similar for both procedures: from 1.0 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 mm for laser thermal angioplasty vs 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 2.0 +/- 0.2 mm for balloon angioplasty. However, 4 weeks later the vessels treated with laser thermal angioplasty had less resten...
Nitrate tolerance: the lack of effect of N-acetylcysteine.
Authors: J OParker, BFarrell, K ALahey, B FRose
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The hemodynamic and antianginal effects of 30 mg of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) were assessed in 12 patients with chronic stable angina after initial dosing and after 7 to 10 days of therapy four times daily. During early therapy, ISDN produced significant hemodynamic and antianginal effects that persisted over a 3 hr observation period. During sustained therapy there was attenuation of the hemodynamic effects at rest, and treadmill exercise time to the onset of angina and to the development of moderate angina was increased 1 hr after dosing; no effect was apparent at 3 hr. During this state of nitrate tolerance, patients were treated with an infusion of normal saline or 100 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine and exercise testing was repeated. N-Acetylcysteine did not change the hemodynamic findings at rest or during exercise and there was no improvement in exercise tolerance. It is apparent that the short-term administration of reduced sulfhydryl groups does not reverse tolerance to the hemodynamic and antianginal e...
Existence of both fast and slow channel activity during the early stages of ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: XZhou, PGuse, P DWolf, D LRollins, W MSmith, R EIdeker
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Although sodium channels have been reported to be inactive after 5-10 minutes of ventricular fibrillation (VF), their state during early VF is unknown. In 12 open-chest dogs, a floating glass microelectrode was used to record intracellular action potentials from the right ventricle during pacing and during electrically induced VF. Before any drug was administered, an initial episode of VF was continuously recorded for at least 20 seconds followed by defibrillation. Recordings were made during VF episodes after superfusion for 15 minutes around the microelectrode site by low (2.8 x 10(-5) M) and high (10(-4) M) concentrations of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in five dogs, or by low (4 microM) and high (100 microM) concentrations of verapamil in another four dogs. In three dogs, VF was induced without drugs three times to determine if the effects observed in the previous dogs were caused by the drugs or by successive episodes of VF. Ten consecutive action potentials were analyzed at the onset and after 5, 10, 15, and ...
Passing Out at the Hospital
Authors: Don Barkin
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Central sensitisation in chronic pain conditions: latest discoveries and their potential for precision medicine
Authors: Jo Nijs, Steven Z George, Daniel J Clauw, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, Eva Kosek, Kelly Ickmans, Josué Fernández-Carnero, Andrea Polli, Eleni Kapreli, Eva Huysmans, Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas, Ramakrishnan Mani, Mari Lundberg, Laurence Leysen, David Rice, Michele Sterling, Michele Curatolo
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2021)
Effect of cholesterol-lowering diet on mortality from coronary heart disease and other causes.
Authors: OTurpeinen
Journal: Circulation (1979)

International statistics indicate that there is a close correlation between the consumption of saturated fats (dairy fats and meat fats) and the mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), and this conception has been confirmed by many epidemiological studies. Such studies alone, however, cannot prove the existence of a cause-and-effect relationship between these two variables; dietary intervention trials are needed. The Finnish Mental Hospital Study was such a trial, conducted in two hospitals near Helsinki in 1959--1971. Practically total replacement of dairy fats by vegetable oils in the diets of these hospitals was followed by a substantial reduction in the mortality of men from CHD. Total mortality also appeared to be reduced. As to the causes of death other than CHD, none was significantly influenced by dietary change. This was also true for malignant neoplasms. To alleviate the burden of CHD on public health, many investigators have recommended important changes in the quantity and quality of diet...
Detection of left ventricular thrombus by two-dimensional echocardiography: sensitivity, specificity, and causes of uncertainty.
Authors: J RStratton, G WLighty, A SPearlman, J LRitchie
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To define the sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiographic detection of left ventricular thrombus, the echocardiograms of 78 patients who had independent proof of the presence or absence of a left ventricular thrombus were interpreted without knowledge of any clinical data. The presence of thrombus was established by autopsy in four patients, by aneurysmectomy in three, and by indium-111 platelet imaging in 15; the absence of thrombus was proved by autopsy in 55 patients and by aneurysmectomy in one patient. The characteristics of true-positive and false-positive echocardiograms, interobserver variability, and clinical features associated with proved thrombus were also defined. The echocardiogram was positive for thrombus in 22 patients, equivocal in seven and negative in 49. For detection of thrombus, a positive or equivocal echocardiogram had a sensitivity of 95% (21 of 22), a specificity of 86% (48 of 56), and a predictive value of 72% (21 of 29); the predictive...
Intracardiac pressure-sound correlates of echographic aortic valve closure.
Authors: SHirschfeld, JLiebman, GBorkat, CBormuth
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Echographic aortic valve closure was compared to the dicrotic notch of the aortic pressure and intracardiac A2 to define the exact temporal relationship of the echographic, pressure, and sound parameters of aortic valve closure. Sixteen children, ages 3--20 years, were evaluated by simultaneous aortic valve echograms, micromanometric aortic root pressure tracings, and intracardiac phonocardiograms recorded at paper speeds of 200 mm/sec. Our observations demonstrated that echographic coaptation of the aortic valve leaflets coincides with the trough of the aortic pressure incisura and the onset of A2. The data suggest that A2 is a result of valve closure.
P waves during ectopic atrial rhythms in man: a study utilizing atrial pacing with fixed electrodes.
Authors: W AMacLean, R BKarp, N TKouchoukos, T NJames, A LWaldo
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Threshold bipolar pacing was performed from one of 12 selected atrial sites with temporary implanted electrodes in 69 patients following open-heart surgery in order to study P wave polarity and morphology and the P-R interval during paced ectopic atrial rhythms. A negative P wave was recorded in lead I only with pacing the left atrium and only when pacing near the left pulmonary veins. A positive bifid P wave in V1 was recorded only with left atrial pacing and only when pacing was near the inferior pulmonary veins and coronary sinus. P wave polarity and morphology were otherwise of no use in localization of the origin of the impulse in these studies. The pacing stimulus to P wave interval was found to vary between 10 and 54 msec, making the duration of the P-R interval an unreliable indicator of the site of origin of the paced impulse. Although the relation of these paced rhythms to spontaneously occurring ectopic rhythms is unclear, the previously published criteria for localizing ectopic atrial rhythms ...
Submucosal Tunnelling Techniques for Zenker’S Diverticulum: A Systematic Review of Early Outcomes With Pooled Analysis
Authors: M Spadaccini, R Maselli, V Thoguluva Chandrasekar, HK Patel, A Fugazza, PA Galtieri, G Pellegatta, S Attardo, S Carrara, A Anderloni, A Alkandari, P Sharma, M Khashab, A Repici
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims In the last decade, flexible endoscopic septotomy has been reported as a safe and effective treatment for Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD). More recently, novel endoscopic submucosal tunneling techniques, namely standard Z-POEM (Zenker PerOral Endoscopic Myotomy) and POES (PerOral Endoscopic Septotomy) (Fig. 1), have been proposed in order to obtain complete muscular septum exposure and deeper myotomy. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review with meta-analysis of the first experiences of third space approaches for ZD.
Conditioning prepulse of biphasic defibrillator waveforms enhances refractoriness to fibrillation wavefronts.
Authors: J FSwartz, J LJones, R EJones, RFletcher
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The mechanism of biphasic waveform defibrillation threshold reduction is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that, during refractory period stimulation, sarcolemmal hyperpolarization by the first pulse of biphasic waveforms facilitates excitation channel recovery, which enhances graded responses produced by the second depolarizing pulse. This prolongs cellular refractoriness to fibrillation wavefronts when compared with a monophasic depolarizing stimulus. Monophasic (10 msec, rectangular wave) or symmetrical biphasic (10 msec, each pulse) current injection S2 stimuli at 1.5 and two times S1 threshold were used to scan the S1 action potential refractory period (S1 cycle length, 600 msec) in myocardial cell aggregates. S2 waveforms were delivered with normal and reversed polarity to test the hyperpolarizing action of biphasic waveforms. Responses to an S3 stimulus, which simulated a potential incoming fibrillation wavefront, were also determined. Results showed that biphasic S2 waveforms produced longer grade...
Cost and health implications of cholesterol lowering.
Authors: LGoldman, D JGordon, B MRifkind, S BHulley, A SDetsky, D WGoodman, BKinosian, M CWeinstein
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDA broad, scientific consensus supports the role of cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and agrees that lowering cholesterol levels will reduce coronary heart disease incidence. Cost-effectiveness analysis is a potentially powerful method for measuring the benefits to be achieved by expenditures of health care dollars.METHODS AND RESULTSThe literature related to the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cholesterol lowering was reviewed. Application of cost-effectiveness methodology to the question of cholesterol reduction generally supports the use of population-wide educational programs and the aggressive use of cholesterol-lowering therapy for the secondary prevention of subsequent coronary events in persons with preexisting coronary heart disease. For primary prevention, however, therapy with medication has a favorable cost-effectiveness ratio only in identifiable high-risk persons, and the different costs of the various available medications should be taken into account...