tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interim Estimate of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) Vaccine in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Adolescents Aged 12–17 Years — Arizona, July–December 2021
Authors: Karen Lutrick, Patrick Rivers, Young M. Yoo, Lauren Grant, James Hollister, Krystal Jovel, Sana Khan, Ashley Lowe, Zoe Baccam, Hanna Hanson, Lauren E.W. Olsho, Ashley Fowlkes, Alberto J. Caban-Martinez, Cynthia Porter, Sarang Yoon, Jennifer Meece, Manjusha Gaglani, Joy Burns, Julie Mayo Lamberte, Flavia Nakayima Miiro, Adam Bissonnette, Lindsay LeClair, Preeta K. Kutty, James K. Romine, Elisha Stefanski, Laura J. Edwards, Katherine Ellingson, Joe K. Gerald, Edward J. Bedrick, Purnima Madhivanan, Karl Krupp, Lynn B. Gerald, Mark Thompson, Jefferey L. Burgess
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

The BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy in preventing infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) in randomized placebo-controlled Phase III trials in persons aged 12-17 years (referred to as adolescents in this report) (1); however, data on real-word vaccine effectiveness (VE) among adolescents are limited (1-3). As of December 2021, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for adolescents aged 16-17 years and under FDA emergency use authorization for those aged 12-15 years. In a prospective cohort in Arizona, 243 adolescents aged 12-17 years were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) each week, irrespective of symptoms, and upon onset of COVID-19-like illness during July 25-December 4, 2021; the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant was the predominant strain during this study period. During the study, 190 adolescents contributed fully vaccinated person-time (≥14 days after receiving 2 doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine), 30 contributed partially vaccinated person-time (receipt of 1 dose or receipt of 2 doses but with the second dose completed <14 days earlier), and 66 contributed unvaccinated person-time. Using the Cox proportional-hazards model, the estimated VE of full Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection was 92% (95% CI = 79%-97%), adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, health information, frequency of social contact, mask use, location, and local virus circulation. These findings from a real-world setting indicate that 2 doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine are highly effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among Arizona adolescents. CDC recommends COVID-19 vaccination for all eligible persons in the United States, including persons aged 12-17 years.
Research in Brief
Authors: Jennifer Thorley
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2021)

Parakkal Deepak and colleagues assessed the immuno­genicity of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in a prospective observational cohort study at two US centres. Following two doses, 118 (88·7%) of 133 participants with chronic inflammatory diseases and all 53 immunocompetent participants had an antibody response. Patients receiving glucocorticoids had lower concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG (geometric mean 357 [95% CI 96–1324] for patients on prednisone vs 2190 [1598–3002] for those not on prednisone).
Reply to Jas Singh’s Letter to the Editor re: Marc Sbizzera, Nicolas Morel-Journel, Alain Ruffion, et al. Rectourethral Fistula Induced by Localised Prostate Cancer Treatment: Surgical and Functional Outcomes of Transperineal Repair with Gracilis Muscle Flap Interposition. Eur Urol. 2022;81:305–12
Authors: Marc Sbizzera, Nicolas Morel-Journel, Damien Carnicelli, Alain Ruffion, Philippe Paparel, Sébastien Crouzet, Paul Neuville
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for an early-stage neuroendocrine carcinoma composited with squamous cell dysplasia
Authors: Meng-Jiang He, Xin-Yang Liu, Tian-Yin Chen, Ping-Hong Zhou, Yi-Qun Zhang
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A 51-year-old man complained of dysphagia for 2 months. A reddish and rough lesion was found 25 cm from the incisor under esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) ([Fig. 1 a]). Pathological assessment of the biopsy indicated neuroendocrine carcinoma ([Fig. 1 b]). The patient was an alcohol addict. Pre-operative examination revealed pancytopenia and portal hypertension with collateral development ([Fig. 1 c]). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) excluded distal metastasis. Considering the high risk of bleeding and leakage for esophagectomy, endoscopic treatment was suggested after multi-disciplinary discussion. The lesion was resected with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) ([Fig.1 d, e]). Iodine staining indicated an unstained area in part of the gross specimen. Final diagnosis was collision carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma combined with squamous cell high grade intraepithelial neoplasm (HGIN) ([Fig. 1 f, g]). The tumor was confined to the mucosal muscularis layer, without lymphovascular invasion. The lateral and horizontal margins were both negative. The patient declined further chemotherapy and received active surveillance. No recurrence or metastasis was detected 18 months after ESD ([Fig. 1 h, i]) ([Video 1]).
Clinical Update on Novel Lipid-Lowering Therapies to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Kausik K. Ray, R. Scott Wright
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
129P BYON4228 is a pan-allelic SIRPα antibody that potentiates killing of antibody-opsonized tumor cells and lacks binding to T-cells
Authors: M.V. Helden, S. Zwarthoff, H. Olsman, M. Paradé, E. Mattaar, K. de Laat, I. Lodewijks, R. Arends, G. Rouwendal, G. Verheijden, M. van der Lee, W. Dokter, T. van den Berg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Abstract 11781: Association of Rapid Response Teams With Hospital Mortality in Medicare Patients
Authors: Saket Girotra, Philip Jones, Mary A Peberdy, Mary S Vaughan Sarrazin, Paul S Chan
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Rapid response teams (RRT) have been promoted as a strategy to reduce unexpected hospital deaths, as they are designed to evaluate and treat patients experiencing sudden decline. However, evidence to support their effectiveness in reducing in-hospital mortality remains uncertain. Methods: Using data from 56 hospitals participating in Get With The Guidelines Resuscitation linked to Medicare, we calculated annual rates of case-mix adjusted mortality for each hospital during 2000-2014. We constructed a hierarchical interrupted time series model to determine whether implementation of a RRT was associated with a reduction in mortality that was larger than expected based on pre-implementation trends alone. Results: Over the study period, the median annual number of Medicare admissions across study hospitals was 5214 (range: 408-18,398). The median duration of the pre-implementation period was 7.6 years comprising ~2.5 million admissions, and the median duration of the post-implementation period was 7.2 years comprising ~2.6 million admissions. Before implementation of RRTs, hospital mortality was already decreasing by 2.7% annually (Figure). Implementation of RRTs was not associated with change in mortality in the initial year of implementation (RR for model intercept: 0.98; 95% CI 0.94-1.02; P= 0.30) or in the mortality trend over time (RR for model slope: 1.01 per-year; 95% CI 0.99-1.02; P =0.30). Within individual hospitals, a RRT was associated with a significantly lower than expected mortality at 4 (7.1%) of hospitals, and significantly higher than expected mortality at 2 (3.6%), when compared to pre-implementation trends. Conclusion: Among a diverse sample of U.S. hospitals, we found that the implementation of a RRT was not associated with a significant reduction in hospital mortality. Given their prevalence in most U.S. hospitals, further studies are needed to understand best practices in composition, design, and implementation of RRTs.
Governing the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator: towards greater participation, transparency, and accountability
Authors: Suerie Moon, Jana Armstrong, Brian Hutler, Ross Upshur, Rachel Katz, Caesar Atuire, Anant Bhan, Ezekiel Emanuel, Ruth Faden, Prakash Ghimire, Dirceu Greco, Calvin WL Ho, Sonali Kochhar, G Owen Schaefer, Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki, Jerome Amir Singh, Maxwell J Smith, Jonathan Wolff
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
Correction and Republication: Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Suicidal Ideation Among State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Public Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, March–April 2021
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

the authors informed MMWR that some data were inaccurate because 420 incomplete participant responses were incorrectly assigned scores for depression.This error resulted in a change in overall depression prevalence from 32.0% to 30.8%, and other similar changes in stratified prevalences of depression, prevalence ratios of depression, and the overall proportion of respondents who reported at least one mental health condition.
Association of Food Insecurity With Allostatic Load Among Older Adults in the US
Authors: Tae-Young Pak, GwanSeon Kim
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Allostatic overload, a biomarker of wear and tear, could be the potential pathway through which food insecurity leads to increased morbidity risk. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the association of food insecurity with allostatic load (AL) among US adults aged 50 years or older. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A multiwave longitudinal cohort study was conducted using data from the 2006 to 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study in a national cohort study setting. The data comprise 26 509 person-years observations from 14 394 noninstitutionalized individuals aged 50 years or older during the study period. Data were analyzed from September 1 to December 14, 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Moderate food insecurity (not enough money to buy the food needed) and severe food insecurity (reduced food intake due to financial constraints) measured at the household level. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The AL score (0-9, with higher scores indicating a greater risk of physiologic dysregulation) and binary indicators of dysregulated inflammatory (C-reactive protein), cardiovascular (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and cystatin C), and metabolic (hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) systems. <h3>Results</h3> Of 14 394 participants included in the analysis, the median age was 60 (IQR, 56-69) years, 8143 (56.6%) were women, 517 (3.6%) were moderately food insecure, and 804 (5.6%) were severely food insecure. In adjusted models, the incidence rate of AL was 1.05 (95% CI, 1.00-1.09) times higher for the participants with moderate food insecurity and 1.11 (95% CI, 1.07-1.15) times higher for the participants with severe food insecurity, compared with those who were food secure. The increased incidence rate of AL among participants with severe food insecurity was associated with C-reactive protein level (odds ratio [OR], 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04-1.44), cystatin C level (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01-1.51), hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>level (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.59), body mass index (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.41-2.40), waist-to-height ratio (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.26-1.88), and total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10-1.59) inflated to the high-risk range. The interaction between moderate food insecurity and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) enrollment (β = −0.18;<i>P</i> = .001) and the interaction between severe food insecurity and SNAP enrollment (β = −0.09;<i>P</i> = .02) were associated with a reduction in AL. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this national cohort study of US adults aged 50 years or older, food insecurity was associated with higher AL, mainly through dysregulation of the inflammatory and metabolic systems. SNAP enrollment may modify this association between food insecurity and AL.
Recent advances in nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT)-driven cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Bin Ji, Minjie Wei, Bin Yang
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Cancer immunotherapy has made tremendous clinical progress in advanced-stage malignancies. However, patients with various tumors exhibit a low response rate to immunotherapy because of a powerful immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and insufficient immunogenicity of tumors. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can not only directly kill tumor cells, but also elicit immunogenic cell death (ICD), providing antitumor immunity. Unfortunately, limitations from the inherent nature and complex TME significantly reduce the efficiency of PDT. Recently, smart nanomedicine-based strategies could subtly modulate the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic compounds and the TME to optimize both PDT and immunotherapy, resulting in an improved antitumor effect. Here, the emerging nanomedicines for PDT-driven cancer immunotherapy are reviewed, including hypoxia-reversed nanomedicines, nanosized metal-organic frameworks, and subcellular targeted nanoparticles (NPs). Moreover, we highlight the synergistic nanotherapeutics used to amplify immune responses combined with immunotherapy against tumors. Lastly, the challenges and future expectations in the field of PDT-driven cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
Abstract 13102: Outcomes of Primary and Secondary Pulseless Electrical Activity During In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Eirik Unneland, Anders Norvik, Shaun McGovern, David Buckler, Unai Irusta, Abhishek Bhardwaj, Elisabete Aramendi, Trond Nordseth, Benjamin Abella, Dana P Edelson, Jan Terje Kvaloy, Eirik Skogvoll
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) is common during in-hospital cardiac arrest. We investigated the development of four types of PEA: PEA as presenting clinical state (primary) and PEA secondary to transient return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia (VF/VT), or asystole (ASY). Methods: We analyzed 660 episodes of cardiac arrest at one Norwegian and three U.S. hospitals. ECG, chest compressions and ventilations were recorded by defibrillators during CPR. Clinical states were annotated using a graphical application. We quantified the transition intensities from PEA to ROSC (i.e. the immediate probability of a transition), and the observed half-lives for the four types of PEA (i.e. how quickly PEA develops into another clinical state), using Aalen’s additive model for time-to-event data. Results: The transition intensities to ROSC from primary PEA (n=386) and secondary PEA after ASY (n=226) were about 0.08 per minute, peaking at 6 and 9 min, respectively (figure, left). Thus, an average patient in these types of PEA has about 8% chance to achieve ROSC in one minute. Much higher transition intensities to ROSC of about 0.20 per min were observed for secondary PEA after transient ROSC (n=209) or VF/VT (n=225), peaking at 10 and 5 min, respectively. Half-live times for the four types of PEA (figure, right) were 8.5 min, 6.8 min, 4.6 min and 1.6 min, for primary PEA, and secondary PEA after ASY, transient ROSC and VF/VT, respectively. Discussion: The observed clinical development of PEA in terms of intensity, peak intensity and half-lives during resuscitation differs substantially between the four types of PEA. The chance of obtaining ROSC is considerably lower in primary PEA or PEA after ASY, compared to PEA following transient ROSC or after VF/VT. This may increase understanding of the nature of PEA and the process leading to ROSC; and allow for simple prognostic assessments during a resuscitation attempt.
Wnt5a Promotes Lysosomal Cholesterol Egress and Protects Against Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sara Awan, Magalie Lambert, Ali Imtiaz, Fabien Alpy, Catherine Tomasetto, Mustapha Oulad-Abdelghani, Christine Schaeffer, Chloé Moritz, Diane Julien-David, Souad Najib, Laurent O. Martinez, Rachel L. Matz, Xavier Collet, Roberto Silva-Rojas, Johann Böhm, Joachim Herz, Jérôme Terrand, Philippe Boucher
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

Background: Impairment of cellular cholesterol trafficking is at the heart of atherosclerotic lesions formation. This involves egress of cholesterol from the lysosomes and 2 lysosomal proteins, the NPC1 (Niemann–Pick C1) and NPC2 that promotes cholesterol trafficking. However, movement of cholesterol out the lysosome and how disrupted cholesterol trafficking leads to atherosclerosis is unclear. As the Wnt ligand, Wnt5a inhibits the intracellular accumulation of cholesterol in multiple cell types, we tested whether Wnt5a interacts with the lysosomal cholesterol export machinery and studied its role in atherosclerotic lesions formation. Methods: We generated mice deleted for the Wnt5a gene in vascular smooth muscle cells. To establish whether Wnt5a also protects against cholesterol accumulation in human vascular smooth muscle cells, we used a CRISPR/Cas9 guided nuclease approach to generate human vascular smooth muscle cells knockout for Wnt5a. Results: We show that Wnt5a is a crucial component of the lysosomal cholesterol export machinery. By increasing lysosomal acid lipase expression, decreasing metabolic signaling by the mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) kinase, and through binding to NPC1 and NPC2, Wnt5a senses changes in dietary cholesterol supply and promotes lysosomal cholesterol egress to the endoplasmic reticulum. Consequently, loss of Wnt5a decoupled mTORC1 from variations in lysosomal sterol levels, disrupted lysosomal function, decreased cholesterol content in the endoplasmic reticulum, and promoted atherosclerosis. Conclusions: These results reveal an unexpected function of the Wnt5a pathway as essential for maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in vivo.
“The Noninvasive Ventilation Outcomes (NIVO) score: prediction of in-hospital mortality in exacerbations of COPD requiring assisted ventilation.” Tom Hartley, Nicholas D. Lane, John Steer, <i>et al</i>. <i>Eur Respir J</i> 2021; 58: 2004042
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

After receiving some enquiries regarding the practical application of the NIVO score, the authors of the aforementioned article wish to provide some clarification regarding the circumstances in which one would score positively for atrial fibrillation.The following statement has been added to the "Tool building" subsection of the Results section:"Atrial fibrillation (AF) refers to persistent AF, new AF and paroxysmal AF (even if in sinus rhythm at initiation of ventilation)."The following clarifications have also been added to the caption of figure 1, which is an illustration of the NIVO scoring model: "Atrial fibrillation (AF) should be positively scored if: persistent AF, new AF or paroxysmal AF (even if in sinus rhythm at initiation of ventilation).Time to acidaemia >12 h should be positively scored if: >12 h have elapsed between arrival at hospital and index episode of acidaemia.
How Ethics Can Better Anticipate the Consequences of Emerging Biotechnologies
Authors: Christopher Thomas Scott, Dorit Barlevy
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

This article is referred to by:Amplifying the Call for Anticipatory GovernanceResponse to Open Peer Commentaries on "Developing a Reflexive, Anticipatory, and Deliberative Approach to Unanticipated Discoveries: Ethical Lessons from iBlastoids"
Abstract 9720: A New Window on a Cerebral Penumbra at Risk for a Secondary Ischemic Brain Injury in Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Changshin Kang, Jung Soo Park, Yeonho You
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Aim: This study aimed to investigate new target having potential neuroprotective effect against a secondary ischemic brain injury in post out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. Methods: This study analyzed physiological variables among OHCA patients with good or poor neurological outcomes despite having normal diffusion-weighted image findings before targeted temperature management (TTM). The factors affecting cerebral perfusion after OHCA, such as the time-weighted average (TWA) of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO 2 ), oxygen (PaO 2 ), and mean arterial pressure (MAP); and the intracranial pressure (ICP) and quotient albumin ratio (Qalb), measured at 0 and 24 h from the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), were analyzed retrospectively using prospectively collected data. The primary outcome was the association between the factors and poor neurological outcome. Results: Fifty-one patients were included in this study. Among them, 11 had poor neurological outcomes. The pre-hospital factors such as anoxic time, initial rhythm; and TWA of physiological factors (PaCO 2 , PaO 2 , and MAP), were not significantly different between groups (p &gt; 0.05). The inter-group comparisons of Qalb at 0 and 24 h were not significant (p &gt; 0.05), whereas Qalb (median [interquartile range]) significantly increased from 0 to 24 h in the poor outcome group (0.007 [0.003 - 0.011] to 0.013 [0.005 - 0.029]; p = 0.04). Simultaneously, the ICP of the poor outcome group significantly increased over time (12.0 mmHg [8.1 - 13.0] to 16.0 mmHg [9.3 - 22.4]; p = 0.03), and higher than those of good outcome group at 24 h (11.0 mmHg [6.5 - 16.0] vs. 16.0 [9.3 - 22.4]; p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Blood-brain barrier disruption and increasing ICP were apparent in OHCA patients who progressed into poor outcome despite no significant difference of brain injury before TTM compared with those of good outcome. These factors may be the key window on strategy to prevent the secondary ischemic brain injury after OHCA.