tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dementia in military and veteran populations: a review of risk factors—traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, deployment, and sleep
Authors: Zara Raza, Syeda F. Hussain, Suzanne Ftouni, Gershon Spitz, Nick Caplin, Russell G. Foster, Renata S. M. Gomes
Journal: Military Medical Research (2021)

Abstract The military population face a unique set of risk factors that may increase the risk of being diagnosed with dementia. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a higher prevalence in this group in comparison to the civilian population. By delving into the individual relationships between TBI and dementia, and PTSD and dementia, we are able to better explore dementia in the military and veteran populations. While there are some inconsistencies in results, the TBI-dementia association has become more widely accepted. Moderate-to-severe TBI has been found to increase the risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. A correlation between PTSD and dementia has been established, however, whether or not it is a causal relationship remains unclear. Factors such as blast, combat and chemical exposure may occur during a deployment, along with TBI and/or PTSD diagnosis, and can impact the risk of dementia. However, there is a lack of literature exploring the direct effects of deployment on dementia risk. Sleep problems have been observed to occur in those following TBI, PTSD and deployment. Poor sleep has been associated with possible dementia risk. Although limited studies have focused on the link between sleep and dementia in military and veteran populations, sleep is a valuable factor to study due to its association and interconnection with other military/veteran factors. This review aims to inform of various risk factors to the cognitive health of military members and veterans: TBI, PTSD, deployment, and sleep.
Serum metabolomics analysis reveals increased lipid catabolism in mildly hyperbilirubinemic Gilbert's syndrome individuals
Authors: Claudia A. Hana, Lan V. Tran, Christine Mölzer, Elisabeth Müllner, Marlies Hörmann-Wallner, Bernhard Franzke, Anela Tosevska, Patrick A. Zöhrer, Daniel Doberer, Rodrig Marculescu, Andrew C. Bulmer, Heinz Freisling, Ali A. Moazzami, Karl-Heinz Wagner
Journal: Metabolism (2021)

The protective role of mildly elevated bilirubin against CVD and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is associated with a favorable lipid phenotype. As the mechanistic understanding of this protection in humans remains elusive, we aimed to assess the metabolomics profile of mildly hyperbilirubinemic (Gilbert's syndrome; GS) individuals especially targeting lipid catabolism.
White doctors in London are six times more likely to be offered jobs than black doctors
Authors: Samara Linton
Journal: BMJ (2021)

White doctors applying for medical posts in London are six times more likely to be offered a job than black applicants, figures released under the Freedom of Information Act show.

The new data also show that white doctors are four times more likely to be successful than Asian candidates or candidates from a mixed ethnic background.

The figures were uncovered by Sheila Cunliffe, a senior human resources professional who works in workforce transformation across the NHS and the wider public sector. Cunliffe sent freedom of information requests to all 18 NHS acute trusts in London asking for a breakdown by ethnicity for 2020-21 of the numbers of applicants for medical jobs, shortlisted candidates, …
Comparing Cardiovascular Outcomes With Degarelix or Leuprolide as Prostate Cancer Therapy—Applying Real-world Data to Clinical Trial Emulation
Authors: Vivek Narayan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Joshua D. Wallach, PhD, MS; Yihong Deng, PhD; Rozalina G. McCoy, MD, MS; Sanket S. Dhruva, MD, MHS; Jeph Herrin, PhD; Alyssa Berkowitz, MPH; Eric C. Polley, PhD; Kenneth Quinto, MD, MPH; Charu Gandotra, MD; William Crown, PhD; Peter Noseworthy, MD; Xiaoxi Yao, PhD, MPH; Nilay D. Shah, PhD; Joseph S. Ross, MD, MHS; Timothy D. Lyon, MD
N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase‐4 protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by blocking apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 N‐terminal dimerization
Authors: Jiangqiao Zhou, Lina Guo, Tengfei Ma, Tao Qiu, Sichen Wang, Song Tian, Li Zhang, Fengjiao Hu, Wei Li, Zhen Liu, Yufeng Hu, Tianyu Wang, Chenyang Kong, Juan Yang, Junjie Zhou, Hongliang Li
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Abstract Background and Aims Ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable complication of liver transplantation (LT) and compromises its prognosis. Glycosyltransferases have been recognized as promising targets for disease therapy, but their roles remain open for study in hepatic I/R (HIR) injury. Here, we aim to demonstrate the exact function and molecular mechanism of a glycosyltransferase, N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase‐4 (GALNT4), in HIR injury. Approach and Results By an RNA‐sequencing data‐based correlation analysis, we found a close correlation between GALNT4 expression and HIR‐related molecular events in a murine model. mRNA and protein expression of GALNT4 were markedly up‐regulated upon reperfusion surgery in both clinical samples from subjects who underwent LT and in a mouse model. We found that GALNT4 deficiency significantly exacerbated I/R‐induced liver damage, inflammation, and cell death, whereas GALNT4 overexpression led to the opposite phenotypes. Our in‐depth mechanistic exploration clarified that GALNT4 directly binds to apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) to inhibit its N‐terminal dimerization and subsequent phosphorylation, leading to a robust inactivation of downstream c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 and NF‐κB signaling. Intriguingly, the inhibitory capacity of GALNT4 on ASK1 activation is independent of its glycosyltransferase activity. Conclusions GALNT4 represents a promising therapeutic target for liver I/R injury and improves liver surgery prognosis by inactivating the ASK1‐JNK/p38 signaling pathway.
Enrichment of infant formula with long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of infection and allergy in the nationwide ELFE birth cohort
Authors: Moufidath Adjibade, Camille Davisse‐Paturet, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Karine Adel‐Patient, Amandine Divaret‐Chauveau, Sandrine Lioret, Marie‐Aline Charles, Blandine de Lauzon‐Guillain
Journal: Allergy (2021)

The new European regulations require the enrichment of formulas with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) because of the positive effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) on neurodevelopment and visual acuity. In this observational study, we aimed to evaluate whether the consumption of LCPUFA-enriched formula was associated with the risk of infection and allergy in early childhood.Analyses involved data from 8389 formula-fed infants from the ELFE birth cohort. Formula enrichment was identified from the list of ingredients of the formula consumed at 2 months. Infections (gastrointestinal, lower respiratory tract [LRTI], upper respiratory tract) and allergies (wheezing, itchy rash, asthma medication, food allergy) from age 2 months to 5.5 years were reported by parents during follow-up surveys. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between the consumption of LCPUFA-enriched formula and the risk of infection and allergy.Among formula-fed infants at 2 months, 36% consumed formula enriched with DHA and arachidonic acid (ARA), and 11% consumed formula additionally enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Enriched formula consumption was not associated with infection or allergy, except for an association between consumption of DHA/ARA/EPA-enriched formula and lower use of asthma medications. Furthermore, as compared with non-DHA/ARA/EPA-enriched formula, consumption of formula with high EPA content (≥3.2 mg/100 kcal) was related to lower risk of LRTI and lower use of asthma medications.This study suggests that consumption of DHA/ARA/EPA-enriched formula (especially those with high EPA content) is associated with a lower risk of LRTI and lower use of asthma medications.
FP14.01 A Phase 1b/2 Study of Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Combination With Atezolizumab in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
Authors: M. Gonzalez-Cao, D. Benitez, N. Reguart, T. Moran, A. Meyerhans, S. Viteri, M. Molina, E. Domenjo, R. Rosell, M. Juan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Visualization of endogenous p27 and Ki67 reveals the importance of a c-Myc-driven metabolic switch in promoting survival of quiescent cancer cells
Authors: Ting La, Song Chen, Tao Guo, Xiao Hong Zhao, Liu Teng, Dandan Li, Michael Carnell, Yuan Yuan Zhang, Yu Chen Feng, Nicole Cole, Alexandra C. Brown, Didi Zhang, Qihan Dong, Jenny Y. Wang, Huixia Cao, Tao Liu, Rick F. Thorne, Feng-Min Shao, Xu Dong Zhang, Lei Jin
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Rationale: Recurrent and metastatic cancers often undergo a period of dormancy, which is closely associated with cellular quiescence, a state whereby cells exit the cell cycle and are reversibly arrested in G0 phase.Curative cancer treatment thus requires therapies that either sustain the dormant state of quiescent cancer cells, or preferentially, eliminate them.However, the mechanisms responsible for the survival of quiescent cancer cells remain obscure.Methods: Dual genome-editing was carried out using a CRISPR/Cas9-based system to label endogenous p27 and Ki67 with the green and red fluorescent proteins EGFP and mCherry, respectively, in melanoma cells.Analysis of transcriptomes of isolated EGFP-p27 high mCherry-Ki67 low quiescent cells was conducted at bulk and single cell levels using RNA-sequencing.The extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate were measured to define metabolic phenotypes.SiRNA and inducible shRNA knockdown, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were employed to elucidate mechanisms of the metabolic switch in quiescent cells.Results: Dual labelling of endogenous p27 and Ki67 with differentiable fluorescent probes allowed for visualization, isolation, and analysis of viable p27 high Ki67 low quiescent cells.Paradoxically, the proto-oncoprotein c-Myc, which commonly drives malignant cell cycle progression, was expressed at relatively high levels in p27 high Ki67 low quiescent cells and supported their survival through promoting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).In this context, c-Myc selectively transactivated genes encoding OXPHOS enzymes, including subunits of isocitric dehydrogenase 3 (IDH3), whereas its binding to cell cycle progression gene promoters was decreased in quiescent cells.Silencing of c-Myc or the catalytic subunit of IDH3, IDH3α, preferentially killed quiescent cells, recapitulating the effect of treatment with OXPHOS inhibitors.Conclusion: These results establish a rigorous experimental system for investigating cellular quiescence, uncover the high selectivity of c-Myc in activating OXPHOS genes in quiescent cells, and propose OXPHOS targeting as a potential therapeutic avenue to counter cancer cells in quiescence.
<i>nab</i>-Sirolimus for Patients With Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors
Authors: Andrew J. Wagner, Vinod Ravi, Richard F. Riedel, Kristen Ganjoo, Brian A. Van Tine, Rashmi Chugh, Lee Cranmer, Erlinda M. Gordon, Jason L. Hornick, Heng Du, Berta Grigorian, Anita N. Schmid, Shihe Hou, Katherine Harris, David J. Kwiatkowski, Neil P. Desai, Mark A. Dickson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

Malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a rare aggressive sarcoma, with no approved treatment. To our knowledge, this phase II, single-arm, registration trial is the first prospective clinical trial in this disease, investigating the safety and efficacy of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor
Religious support for assisted dying: we must not gamble with vulnerable people’s lives in changing the law
Authors: Brendan McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The “new religious alliance in support of doctor assisted dying” has stated that it wishes to counter “the impression being conveyed that all faith groups are implacably opposed to changes in the law to help people longing to die on their own terms, without discomfort, indignity, or extreme pain.”1

The Church of England does not oppose enabling people to die well: that is a goal …
Cellular Mechanisms of Conscious Processing
Authors: Jaan Aru, Mototaka Suzuki, Matthew E. Larkum
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2021)

Due to an error, the last line of the abstract referred to "Dendritic Information Theory" rather than "Dendritic Integration Theory". This has been corrected online such that the last line of the abstract is now: "This cellular integration mechanism provides the foundation for Dendritic Integration Theory, a novel neurobiological theory of consciousness". The authors apologize to readers for any inconvenience.
Safety of the 4PEPS in Patients With a Very Low Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism—Need for More Than a Point Estimate
Authors: Yonathan Freund, Mélanie Roussel, Wilhelm Behringer
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Decellularized Arterial Extracellular Matrix-Based Hydrogel Supports 3D Bioprinting of the Media Layer of Small-Caliber Blood Vessels
Authors: Gabriel R. Liguori, Viktor Sinkunas, Tacia T. Liguori, Emerson G. Moretto, Prashant K. Sharma, Martin C. Harmsen, Luiz Felipe P. Moreira
Journal: Circulation (2019)
Covid-19: New WHO group to look into pandemic origins is dogged by alleged conflicts of interest
Authors: Paul D Thacker
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The World Health Organization has chosen 26 scientists from 700 applicants for a new group to investigate the origins of the covid-19 pandemic, as well as future outbreaks. WHO plans to appoint members to the new Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens (SAGO) after a two week review to gather public opinion on the proposed choices, which ends on 27 October.1 Seven of the current choices (box 1) were part of the WHO international team that travelled to China earlier this year to study the origins of SARS-CoV-2 with Chinese researchers. The team's resulting report downplayed the possibility of a laboratory incident,2 and investigators faced complaints about conflicts of interest. Led by the US, several countries, including Australia, Japan, Canada, and the UK, called for a "transparent and independent analysis and evaluation, free from interference and undue influence."3 Box 1 ### Proposed SAGO members who were part of WHO's team that met in Wuhan earlier this year to study the origins of SARS-CoV-2 with Chinese researchersRETURN TO TEXT
T Cells Promote Metastasis by Regulating Extracellular Matrix Remodeling following Chemotherapy
Authors: Jozafina Haj-Shomaly, Avital Vorontsova, Tamar Barenholz-Cohen, Oshrat Levi-Galibov, Mahesh Devarasetty, Michael Timaner, Ziv Raviv, Tim J. Cooper, Shay Soker, Peleg Hasson, Daphne Weihs, Ruth Scherz-Shouval, Yuval Shaked
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite intense efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process, treatment of metastatic cancer is still challenging. Here we describe a chemotherapy-induced, host-mediated mechanism that promotes remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), ultimately facilitating cancer cell seeding and metastasis. Paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy enhanced rapid ECM remodeling and mechanostructural changes in the lungs of tumor-free mice, and the protein expression and activity of the ECM remodeling enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) increased in response to PTX. A chimeric mouse model harboring genetic LOX depletion revealed chemotherapy-induced ECM remodeling was mediated by CD8+ T cells expressing LOX. Consistently, adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells or B cells, from PTX-treated mice to naïve immunodeprived mice induced pulmonary ECM remodeling. Lastly, in a clinically relevant metastatic breast carcinoma model, LOX inhibition counteracted the metastasis-promoting, ECM-related effects of PTX. This study highlights the role of immune cells in regulating ECM and metastasis following chemotherapy, suggesting that inhibiting chemotherapy-induced ECM remodeling represents a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic cancer. Significance: Chemotherapy induces prometastatic pulmonary ECM remodeling by upregulating LOX in T cells, which can be targeted with LOX inhibitors to suppress metastasis. See related commentary by Kolonin and Woodward, p. 197
A meta-analysis to identify shared biomarker genes and prevention targets for human breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Lacey Luense, Alison Ting, Brian Petroff
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

1256  Women at high risk for breast cancer are often at risk for ovarian cancer as well. Shared risk factors, similar pathobiologies as well as logistical and economic issues all suggest a combined approach to breast and ovarian cancer prevention. Towards this end, our laboratory has recently developed a preclinical model to test dual target breast and ovarian cancer prevention strategies. In this ancillary study, Oncomine (University of Michigan), an online depository for cancer microarray data, was used to identify common potential targets and shared biomarkers of cancer progression for breast and ovarian cancers. Microarray studies using the Affymetrix Human Genome U133A or U133A Plus 2.0 chips (n=4 ovary and n= 2 breast databases) to compare breast or ovarian carcinoma (not sorted by tumor subtype) with associated normal tissue were selected for meta-analysis. These combined datasets identified fewer than 80 genes dually and consistently upregulated in breast and ovarian cancers (P
Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Roberta Shcolnik Szor, Aristoteles Alencar, Bruno Vaz Kerges Bueno, Caio Rebouças Fonseca Cafezeiro, Lucas Bassolli de Oliveira Alves, Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar, Gracia Aparecida Martinez, Vanderson Rocha, Fabio Fernandes
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2021)
15P FGFR3-TACC3 fusion (F) as an acquired resistance mechanism following treatment with EGFR TKIs and a suggested novel target in aNSCLC
Authors: R. Ari, E. Dudnik, D. Hershkovitz, S.S. Jain, L. Soussan-Gutman, T. Ben Shitrit, H. Nechushtan, N. Peled, A. Agbarya
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with cardiometabolic diseases
Authors: Xue Liu, Ryan J Longchamps, Kerri L Wiggins, Laura M Raffield, Lawrence F Bielak, Wei Zhao, Achilleas Pitsillides, Thomas W Blackwell, Jie Yao, Xiuqing Guo, Nuzulul Kurniansyah, Bharat Thyagarajan, Nathan Pankratz, Stephen S Rich, Kent D Taylor, Patricia A Peyser, Susan R Heckbert, Sudha Seshadri, L Adrienne Cupples, Eric Boerwinkle, Megan L Grove, Nicholas B Larson, Jennifer A Smith, Ramachandran S Vasan, Tamar Sofer, Annette L Fitzpatrick, Myriam Fornage, Jun Ding, Adolfo Correa, Goncalo Abecasis, Bruce M Psaty, James G Wilson, Daniel Levy, Jerome I Rotter, Joshua C Bis, Claudia L Satizabal, Dan E Arking, Chunyu Liu
Journal: Cell Genomics (2021)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in multiple copies in human cells. We evaluated cross-sectional associations of whole blood mtDNA copy number (CN) with several cardiometabolic disease traits in 408,361 participants of multiple ancestries in TOPMed and UK Biobank. Age showed a threshold association with mtDNA CN: among younger participants (<65 years of age), each additional 10 years of age was associated with 0.03 standard deviation (s.d.) higher level of mtDNA CN (P = 0.0014) versus a 0.14 s.d. lower level of mtDNA CN (P = 1.82 × 10-13) among older participants (≥65 years). At lower mtDNA CN levels, we found age-independent associations with increased odds of obesity (P = 5.6 × 10-238), hypertension (P = 2.8 × 10-50), diabetes (P = 3.6 × 10-7), and hyperlipidemia (P = 6.3 × 10-5). The observed decline in mtDNA CN after 65 years of age may be a key to understanding age-related diseases.
P06.07 Learning Curve in Robotic-Assisted Thoracoscopic Pulmonary Resection: Experience of a Brazilian Surgeon
Authors: R. Terra, M. Soares, L. Lima, L. Lauricella, P.H. De Araujo, J.R. De Campos, P. Pêgo-Fernandes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
P43.03 LUPA-01: An Observational Study to Monitor Lung Cancer Patients’ Activity and Assess Performance Status through a Wearable Device in Spain
Authors: S. Ponce Aix, M. Lopez, F.J. Núñez-Benjumea, S. Cervera, P. Arnaiz, S. Sanchez Martinez, L. Fernandez Luque, L. Crama
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
MA02.01 Efficacy and Safety of Selpercatinib in Chinese Patients With RET Fusion-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 2 Trial
Authors: S. Lu, Y. Cheng, D. Huang, Y. Sun, L. Wu, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, Y. Guo, L. Chen, J. Shao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
How to Screen for Monoclonal Gammopathy in Patients With a Suspected Amyloidosis
Authors: Samuel M. Rubinstein, Keith Stockerl-Goldstein
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2021)

A myloidosis is a category of rare diseases that result from deposition of abnormally folded proteins into organs.Light chain amyloidosis (AL) and transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) are the most common forms in the United States.The diagnosis of AL amyloidosis involves establishing the presence of monoclonal protein.Cardiologists evaluating patients with concern for cardiac amyloidosis should be familiar with the concepts behind testingfor monoclonal proteins.We use a case to illustrate our approach to screening for monoclonal gammopathies in patients with suspected amyloidosis and how identification of a monoclonal gammopathy changes our diagnostic approach for such patients. CASE DESCRIPTIONA 77-year-old man with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, stage 3A chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and aortic stenosis was referred to the cardiology clinic with 6 months of progressive exertional dyspnea and increased diuretic requirement.Complete blood count and differential were normal.His comprehensive metabolic panel was normal except for a stable serum creatinine measurement of 1.72 mg/dL.Troponin T and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were elevated at 0.27 ng/mL and 5,114 pg/mL, respectively.An echocardiogram was performed before referral.Left ventricular ejection fraction was 58%, with marked concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (septal wall thickness: 1.9 cm), and left ventricular global longitudinal strain of -14.7% with apical sparing strain pattern.These findings were concerning for an amyloidosis.