tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Homeostasis: A Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Zaman Mirzadeh, Chelsea L. Faber, Michael W. Schwartz
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2022)

Historically, pancreatic islet beta cells have been viewed as principal regulators of glycemia, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) resulting when insulin secretion fails to compensate for peripheral tissue insulin resistance. However, glycemia is also regulated by insulin-independent mechanisms that are dysregulated in T2D. Based on evidence supporting its role both in adaptive coupling of insulin secretion to changes in insulin sensitivity and in the regulation of insulin-independent glucose disposal, the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a fundamental player in glucose homeostasis. Here, we review and expand upon an integrative model wherein the CNS, together with the islet, establishes and maintains the defended level of glycemia. We discuss the implications of this model for understanding both normal glucose homeostasis and T2D pathogenesis and highlight centrally targeted therapeutic approaches with the potential to restore normoglycemia to patients with T2D.
British Medical Association: First Annual Postgraduate Meeting Inverness, 29-30 September
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Aberdeen) reminded the audience that Bonnie Prince Charlie had himself suffered from "bloody flux" on nearby Culloden Moor.He then outlined the occurrence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (respectively, about 4-6 and 1-8 per 100,000 of the population) and sum- marized the complications of proctocolitis- which included stricture, perforation, toxic dilatation, fistulae, carcinoma, abscesses, malnutrition, anaemia, arthritis, skin, eye, and mouth lesions, gall stones, and liver disease.Discussing the management and investiga- tion of severe colitis, Dr. W. SIRcUs (Edin-
Validation of quantitative left-ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes from gated blood pool SPECT Serge Van Kriekinge Asit Kr. Paul, Shinji Hasegawa, Tsunehiko Nishimura, Daniel S. Berman, Guido Germano. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Abstract 17231: Sodium Channel Blockers Shorten Prolonged QTC in Patients With Rett Syndrome
Authors: Hoang H Nguyen, Somberg John, Mary Wilkie, Jessica Jacobson, Gregory Jutzy, Colleen Buhrfiend, Peter Heydemann
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene resulting in various neurological, respiratory, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Up to 25% of deaths in RTT are sudden. Prolonged corrected QT (QTc) has also been reported and thought to be a cause of sudden death in RTT. Previous studies in mice with RTT showed that MECP2 mutations lead to persistent increased cardiac sodium current causing prolonged QTc and increasing risks of ventricular tachycardia. The aim of this study was to determine whether sodium channel blockers lidocaine (acutely) and mexiletine (chronically) shorten QTc in RTT patients. Hypothesis: Sodium channel blockers such as lidocaine (acutely) and mexiletine (chronically) significantly shorten QTc (≥ 30ms from baseline) in RTT patients with prolonged QTc. Methods: RTT patients with prolonged QTc were prospectively enrolled to receive a lidocaine attenuation test. The test consisted of a loading dose of 1 mg/kg intravenous lidocaine followed by a continuous infusion at 50 μg / (kg·min). Patients were deemed responders should their QTc shorten by 30 ms or more. These patients were then prescribed mexiletine for chronic therapy. Results: A total of 6 patients (all females) were given lidocaine and mexiletine. The median age of the cohort at the time of testing was 12 years (8-19 years), and the median QTc before therapy was 480.5 ms (476-506 ms). All 6 patients responded positively to lidocaine with median QTc shortening of 44.5 ms (33-54 ms, P = 0.018). The median daily dose of mexiletine was 8.75 mg/kg. The median duration of therapy was 5 months (4-12 months). Mexiletine shortened QTc by an average of 47 ms at latest follow-up ( P = 0.016). One patient developed whole-body tremors as a side effect of mexiletine, which was stopped. Conclusions: Sodium channel blockers that target late sodium channels were effective in shortening QTc thereby confirming the presence of late sodium current causing prolonged QTc in RTT. Therefore mexiletine could be used clinically in RTT patients with long QTc. Larger and longer studies are needed to confirm these drugs’ positive effects in shortening the QTc and reducing arrhythmic events in RTT patients.
Sensitivity and specificity of sodium channel blockers in patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB) and ST-Segment (STE) syndrome not linked to SCN5A mutation Raul Weiss, Doris Cavlovich, Tuduy Nguyen, Maninder Bedi, Dennis McNamara, Vladimir Shusterman, Barry London. Cardiovascular Institute/UPHS, Pittsburgh, PA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM IN THE PHILIPPINES
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A BCMA/CD16A bispecific innate cell engager for the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Satoko Kakiuchi-Kiyota, Thorsten Ross, Heidi Ackerly Wallweber, James R. Kiefer, Melissa M. Schutten, Adeyemi O. Adedeji, Hao Cai, Robert Hendricks, Sivan Cohen, Srividya Myneni, Luna Liu, Aaron Fullerton, Nicholas Corr, Lanlan Yu, Denise de Almeida Nagata, Shelly Zhong, Steven R. Leong, Ji Li, Rin Nakamura, Teiko Sumiyoshi, Jinze Li, Ayse Meric Ovacik, Bing Zheng, Mike Dillon, Christoph Spiess, Susanne Wingert, Erich Rajkovic, Kristina Ellwanger, Uwe Reusch, Andrew G. Polson
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
Evaluation of an Optical Defocus Treatment for Myopia Progression Among Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kai Yip Choi, Rachel Ka Man Chun, Wing Chun Tang, Chi Ho To, Carly Siu-yin Lam, Henry Ho-lung Chan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Myopia progression has been found to be worsening during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to control the rapid myopia progression in this period. <h3>Objective</h3> To analyze the association of COVID-19–related lockdown measures with myopia progression in schoolchildren and to compare the performance of defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lens with that of single vision lens (SVL) treatment in reducing myopia progression. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study involved an exploratory, prespecified, comparison of 2 independent longitudinal studies performed at the same institute beginning in 2019. Data from Hong Kong schoolchildren (aged 7-13 years) were gathered and analyzed. Data analysis was performed from June to July 2021. <h3>Exposure</h3> Schoolchildren in study 1 wore a DIMS lens for 18 months, and those in study 2 wore a SVL for 24 months. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction and axial length were measured. Studies 1 and 2 started before the start of lockdown measures and continued throughout the lockdown. In both studies, periods of fewer and more COVID-19–related lockdown measures were identified. Because COVID-19 lockdown caused deviations from the visit schedule, myopia progression was normalized to 12-month change, which were compared between DIMS and SVL groups, also during the periods with less and more lockdown time. <h3>Results</h3> There were 115 participants (58 girls [50.4%]; mean [SD] age, 10.3 [1.5] years) in the DIMS group; their mean (SD) baseline refraction was −4.02 (1.46) D. There were 56 participants (29 girls [51.8%]; mean [SD] age, 10.8 [1.5] years) in the SVL group; their mean (SD) baseline refraction was −2.99 (1.06) D. After controlling for the covariates, DIMS treatment was significantly associated with 34% less axial elongation (0.19 mm [95% CI, 0.16 to 0.22 mm] vs 0.30 mm [95% CI, 0.25 to 0.35 mm];<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and 46% less myopic progression after 12 months (−0.31 D [95% CI, −0.39 to −0.23 D] vs −0.57 D [95% CI, −0.69 to −0.45 D];<i>P</i> = .001) compared with SVL treatment. In both the DIMS and SVL groups, more lockdown time was associated with significantly more spherical equivalent refraction (−0.54 D [95% CI, −0.64 to 0.44 D] vs −0.34 D [95% CI, −0.44 to −0.25 D];<i>P</i> = .01) and axial length (0.29 mm [95% CI, 0.25 to 0.32 mm] vs 0.20 mm [95% CI, 0.16 to 0.24 mm];<i>P</i> = .001) compared with less lockdown time. No significant interaction between treatment type and lockdown time was observed. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this exploratory analysis, myopia progressed more rapidly in schoolchildren during the period when there were more COVID-19–related lockdown measures. However, optical treatment with DIMS was significantly associated with slower myopia progression compared with SVL treatment during the lockdown period.
Pandemic versus pandemonium: fighting on two fronts
Authors: None The Lancet Digital Health
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2020)

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has motivated many across the globe to adopt different approaches to understand the virus, surveil how the virus spreads, and search for effective treatments. This health crisis has focused global efforts on leveraging technology to fight the pandemic. Technological tools have undeniable strengths and hold great promise; however, under these extreme circumstances, where rapid results are expected, there are several challenges to be overcome.
Influence of angiographic collaterals on myocardial perfusion in patients with chronic total occlusion of a single coronary artery and no history of myocardial infarction Fatma A. Aboul-Enein, Saibal Kar, Sean W. Haynes, Raj Makkar, Howard C. Lewin, John D. Friedman, Daniel S. Berman. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Still needed: a National Academy of Medicine
Authors: G. D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Whether Irvine Page is correct in his view that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) was set up improperly at the beginning<sup>1</sup>and was thus unlikely ever to work well or whether Sam Thier is correct in his view that the postadolescent IOM is beginning to get it together,<sup>2</sup>the fact remains that as of 1988 the United States needs, and has not had, a national academy of medicine that works. In the preceding article, Dr Page summarizes the nine functions that he and Dr James Shannon believed would be central to the mission of a national academy of medicine. They included making optimal technological choices in public policy, addressing problems through collegial efforts with other organizations, providing information on complicated issues to the press and public, restoring self-respect and public trust in medicine, conveying information between the public and the profession, explaining needs of medical education and research
Examination of the functional and diagnostic potential of methylation-sensitive enhancers in metastatic colorectal cancer.
Authors: Hailey Kathryn Carroll, Emily Harrold, Megan Greally, John Aird, Niamh O'Donoghue, Ellen Finnegan, Conor J Shields, Ann E Brannigan, Jurgen Mulsow, Ronan Cahill, Des Toomey, Sudipto Das, John McCaffrey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS237 Background: Molecular characterisation of colorectal cancer (CRC) has demonstrated the regulatory role of epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, in CRC tumorigenesis(1). Robust molecular profiling of CRC has the potential to provide critical diagnostic and prognostic information. The establishment of 4 consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs), developed initially for primary CRC tumours, resulted in the evolving framework for molecularly targeted interventions; the molecular genetic profile characterising mCRC is less well defined(3, 4). Previous pilot work identified a unique tumour-specific methylation sequence, at 376 sites within the DNA of mCRC cells(5). This study will assess whether this methylation sequence drives mCRC pathogenesis and underpins disease phenotype. The primary aim of this study is validation of the diagnostic utility of this novel enhancer signature and identification of key enhancers with the potential to direct targeted treatment development. Secondary aims include CRISPR knockdown library development targeting the enhancers in CRC cells in vitro, evaluating the impact of the knockdown on phenotype in vitro, and identifying the mechanisms by which methylation-sensitive enhancers regulate the mCRC phenotype. Methods: This is a retrospective, non-interventional, single-centre clinical study, including patients &gt; 18 years, with (group A) de novo mCRC (n = 100), (group B) stage III colorectal cancer that subsequently relapsed (n = 100) or (group C) stage III colorectal cancer without radiological evidence of relapse at study enrolment (n = 100). Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ( FFPE) tissue obtained at diagnosis will be analysed. Additionally, 50 stage III patients who have relapsed (group B) will have blood samples collected prospectively at time of consent to enable assessment for the presence of the methylation signature on ctDNA. The presence or absence of the novel methylation signature will be evaluated via the application of a targeted bisulfite sequencing panel consisting of the previously identified differentially methylated enhancer (DME) signature to both tissue and plasma samples; results will be correlated with conventional histological parameters, systemic therapy, and overall survival. Quantitative statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS with linear regression analysis for survival data. Ethical approval was obtained from the MMUH Institutional Review Board; reference 1/378/2188. This study is open and recruiting. Clinical trial information: 1/378/2188.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BENCE-JONES PROTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MEDICAL SUPPORT FOR THE ANTIVIVISECTIONISTS
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry, anti-IL-6 therapy, shared decision-making and patient outcomes. Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry’ by Gianfrancesco<i>et al</i>. Compassionate use of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 with hyperinflammation prior to advent of clinical trials – a real-world district general …
Authors: Milena Gianfrancesco, Kimme L Hyrich, Jinoos Yazdany, Pedro M Machado, Philip C Robinson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)
Announcing <i>Online First</i>
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

apid advances in electronic publishing have created the expectation of virtual immediacy in access to scientific information.It is now commonplace to post articles online in advance of publication in the print issue; the standards vary widely from journal to journal, from the extreme of posting unedited manuscripts within days of acceptance (eg, Journal of Biological Chemistry), to the peripatetic early release of selected studies (witness the treatment of the human genome project articles by Science and Nature).The obvious benefits of immediacy must be weighed against the potential pitfalls.Unedited PDF versions of manuscripts leapfrog the quality control conferred by the copyediting and composition processes.More importantly, the absence of a preestablished embargo date complicates the authors' ability to protect their intellectual property.
The blooming of long-read sequencing reforms biomedical research
Authors: Kin Fai Au
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Compared to Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), PacBio and nanopore sequencing offer ultra-long reads for single DNA/RNA molecules.These long reads are very informative to address omics problems where large-range complexity is involved, such as genome assembly, haplotyping, complex variant calling, and gene isoform identification.The single-molecule feature of long-read sequencing also allows for simultaneous measurements of base modifications together with other omics features, such as genomics and transcriptomics.This gives us unprecedented views on biomedical problems that have, until now, remained poorly characterized [1,2].Moreover, the accuracy, accessibility, and cost efficiency of long-read sequencing are improving dramatically, which boosts the long read-based research in many topics.Therefore, we are not only in the midst of a new revolution in sequencing technology but also the next revolution in biomedical research.To timely and fully utilize the unique benefits of this technological breakthrough, there is much enthusiasm to develop new experimental and computational methods and apply long-read sequencing to diverse biomedical contexts.This special issue collects the latest work of several typical types of long read-based research in genomics, transcriptomics, and cancer diagnosis.Some of them aim to improve the existing analyses that rely on the NGS-based methods, and some others are unique applications for long-read sequencing, such as nanopore adaptive sampling.Genome assembly is one of the earliest and the most popular applications of long reads.As they cover many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), long reads are useful to advance genome assembly to the haplotype resolution.The new software phasebook adapts a divide-and-conquer strategy to improve the coverage of haplotyperesolved de novo genome assembly [3].Since sample preparation, such as highmolecular-weight DNA extraction, could influence the data quality and thus assembly significantly, the end-to-end plant genome assembly workflow LeafGO optimizes the steps from sample preparation to computational analysis [4].In addition to the application for the diploid genomes, LeafGO was also tested in the allotetraploid genome of Arachis hypogaea.Improved haplotype-resolved assembly is very beneficial to many research and applications, such as precision medicine and evolutionary biology.For example, Xue et al. used PacBio HiFi reads to create a high-quality and nearly gap-free
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: C. K. GRIESHABER
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

BOOK REVIEWS Handbook of Toxicology. Thomas J. Haley, William O. Berndt, eds. Washington, DC: Hemisphere, 1987, 697 pp. $110. CHARLES K. GRIESHABER CHARLES K. GRIESHABER Toxicology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthLandow Building, Room 5B-06, Bethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 1, 2 March 1988, Pages 64–65, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.1.64 Published: 02 March 1988
P36.12 WITHDRAWN
Authors: F Zhong, J Deng, X Duan, H Luo, H Lin, F Qiu, S Talagani, I Tourkantonis, A Charpidou, I Gkiozos, D Grapsa, N Rovina, H Gogas, K Syrigos
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)