tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of renin release during acute ureteral constriction in dogs.
Authors: IEide, ELoyning, OLangård, FKiil
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The relationship between renal arterial pressure and renin release was examined in anesthetized dogs during complete or partial ureteral constriction. During complete ureteral occlusion ureteral pressure rose to 95+/-4 mm Hg and renin release increased from 1.7+/-0.7 to 22.3+/-3.1 mug/min; renal blood flow (RBF) was not significantly changed. Renin release was not further increased during subsequent renal arterial constriction; RBF fell in proportion to perfusion pressure, indicating maximum autoregulated arteriolar dilation. During partial ureteral constriction to a ureteral pressure of 65+/-6 mm Hg, renin release was moderately raised but release mechanisms became fully stimulated when renal arterial pressure was reduced to 104+/-3 mm Hg. By further constricted of the renal artery, RBF fell in proportion to perfusion pressure and renin release remained high and constant. In control experiments without ureteral constriction, renal arterial pressure had to be reduced to below 65+/-8 mm Hg to fully stimula...
Ultrafast computed tomography analysis of regional radius-to-wall thickness ratios in normal and volume-overloaded human left ventricle.
Authors: A JFeiring, J ARumberger
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDThis study tested two hypotheses: 1) regional left ventricular radius-to-wall thickness ratios (R/T) are uniform in normal subjects, and 2) patients with left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to compensated volume overload normalize global and regional R/T.METHODS AND RESULTSUltrafast computed tomography was used to measure regional short-axis ventricular R/T in 11 normal subjects and 13 patients with compensated aortic insufficiency (AI) of moderate severity (regurgitant fraction, greater than or equal to 25%). Radius and wall thickness dimensions were calculated by two different methods. In method 1, the average radius and wall thickness were determined for each planimetric transaxial tomographic image. In method 2, the left ventricle was three-dimensionally reconstructed; then, new radii and wall thickness were recalculated as if all the images were acquired orthogonal to the endocardial surface at each tomographic level. In normals, the mean R/T ratio was 1.75 +/- 0.11 (SEM) with method 1 a...
Abnormalities in myocardial perfusion during tachycardia in dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy: metabolic evidence for myocardial ischemia.
Authors: R JBache, C EArentzen, A BSimon, T RVrobel
Journal: Circulation (1984)

This study tested the hypothesis that in the chronically hypertrophied left ventricle pacing stress may cause abnormalities of perfusion that result in myocardial ischemia. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was produced by banding the ascending aorta of 10 dogs at 6 weeks of age, and studies were carried out after the animals had reached adulthood and when mean left ventricular/body weight ratio was 74% greater than in eight control dogs. Myocardial blood flow was measured with microspheres during pacing at 100, 200, and 250 beats/min, while aortic and coronary sinus blood samples were obtained for determination of concentrations of lactate and the adenosine metabolites inosine and hypoxanthine. In the control dogs, increasing heart rates were associated with an increase in mean myocardial blood flow while subendocardial flow was maintained at a level equal to or greater than subepicardial flow. Myocardial lactate uptake ranged from +60% to -5%, and adenosine metabolites were not detected in coronary sin...
Preconditioning against myocardial dysfunction after ischemia and reperfusion by an alpha 1-adrenergic mechanism.
Authors: ABanerjee, CLocke-Winter, K BRogers, M BMitchell, E CBrew, C BCairns, D DBensard, A HHarken
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Preconditioning may find ready applicability in humans facing scheduled global cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) during bypass or transplantation, where such a maneuver is feasible before arrest. Our objective was to delineate and exploit the endogenous preconditioning mechanism triggered by transient ischemia (TI) and thereby attenuate myocardial postischemic mechanical dysfunction by clinically acceptable means. Preconditioning by 2 minutes of TI followed by 10 minutes of normal perfusion protected isolated rat left ventricle function assessed after 20 minutes of global, 37 degrees C ischemia and 40 minutes of reperfusion. Final recovery of developed pressure (DP) was improved (91.5 +/- 1.9% of equilibration DP versus unconditioned IR control, 57.4 +/- 2.4%, P < .01) and was accompanied by increased contractility (+/- dP/dt). Norepinephrine release increased after TI, and reserpine pretreatment abolished TI preconditioning. This suggests that endogenous norepinephrine mediates functional preconditioning...
Handling of tracer bicarbonate by the liver. The relative impermeability of hepatocyte cell membranes to the ionic species.
Authors: A JSchwab, C AGoresky, C PRose
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The multiple indicator dilution technique was used to study transfer of labeled HCO3- across the hepatocyte membrane in the anesthetized mongrel dog. A bolus of H[14C]O3-, 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes, [36Cl-] and/or [3H]sucrose, and [3H]OH was injected through a catheter in the portal vein, and timed anaerobic blood samples were obtained from a catheter in the hepatic vein. Experiments were carried out in untreated controls and after intravenous infusion of acetazolamide (100 mg/kg). In the controls, the H[14C]O3- curve was very similar to the [3H]OH curve. The dilution curves were all linear transformations of each other, indicating that HCO3-, as had previously been shown for the other diffusible tracers, undergoes delayed-wave flow-limited distribution. The distribution space for H[14C]O3- in the control situation includes the blood plasma and interstitial spaces, the erythrocyte interior modified by a Donnan equilibrium, and the available liver cellular space. The calculated HCO3- concentration in the l...
Insulin-like growth factor-I genotype and birthweight [1] (multiple letters)
Authors: Day Inm., King Tht., X H Chen, A M Voropanov, S Ye, H E Syddall, A A Sayer, C Cooper, D J Barker, Phillips Diw., N Vaessen, J A Janssen, H A Pols, B A Oostra, C M Van Duijn, T B Twickler, De Sain-Van Der Velden Mgm., J Van Doorn, T W Van Haeften
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
The neural basis of predicate-argument structure.
Authors: Hurford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract Neural correlates exist for a basic component of logical formulae, PREDICATE(x). Vision and audition research in primates and humans shows two independent neural pathways; one locates objects in body-centered space, the other attributes properties, such as colour, to objects. In vision these are the dorsal and ventral pathways. In audition, similarly separable where and what pathways exist. PREDICATE(x) is a schematic representation of the brain's integration of the two processes of delivery by the senses of the location of an arbitrary referent object, mapped in parietal cortex, and analysis of the properties of the referent by perceptual subsystems. The brain computes actions using a few  variables pointing to objects. Parallels exist between such nonlinguistic variables and linguistic deictic devices. Indexicality and reference have linguistic and nonlinguistic (e.g., visual) versions, sharing the concept of attention. The individual variables of logical formulae are interpreted as corresponding to these mental variables. In computing action, the deictic variables are linked with semantic information about the objects, corresponding to logical predicates. Mental scene descriptions are necessary for practical tasks of primates, and preexist language phylogenetically. The type of scene descriptions used by nonhuman primates would be reused for more complex cognitive, ultimately linguistic, purposes. The provision by the brain's sensory/perceptual systems of about four variables for temporary assignment to objects, and the separate processes of perceptual categorization of the objects so identified, constitute a pre-adaptive platform on which an early system for the linguistic description of scenes developed.
Heteromultimeric assembly of human potassium channels. Molecular basis of a transient outward current
Authors: SPo, SRoberds, D JSnyders, M MTamkun, P BBennett
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

To gain insight into the molecular basis of cardiac repolarization, we have expressed K+ channels cloned from ventricular myocardium in Xenopus oocytes. A recently identified human cardiac K+ channel isoform (human Kv1.4) has properties similar to the 4-aminopyridine-sensitive calcium-insensitive component of the cardiac transient outward current. However, these channels recovered from inactivation much slower than native channels. Hybrid channels consisting of subunits from different K+ channel clones (delayed rectifier channels [Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.5] and Kv1.4) were created by coinjection of cRNAs in oocytes. Multimeric channels consisting of Kv1.4:Kv1.1, Kv1.4:Kv1.2, and Kv1.4:Kv1.5 were expressed and compared. The hybrid channels displayed characteristics of heterotetrameric channels with kinetics that more closely resembled a native cardiac transient outward current. The inactivation and recovery from inactivation of the heteromeric channels indicated that the presence of a single inactivating sub...
Hypoglycaemia with human and porcine insulins.
Authors: E von Kriegstein
Journal: BMJ (1993)

<h3>Background</h3> To develop a new accelerated in vitro model that has implications for investigating the mechanism of biliary stent occlusion and help in the development of new materials that can alleviate this problem. <h3>Methods</h3> We employ a combination of reconstituted animal bile, bacteria and cellulose fibres optimised to reproducibly generate accelerated occlusion of stents, and produce occlusions that closely mimic those found in clinical studies. <h3>Results</h3> Our model affords repeatable, highly accelerated occlusion (within 2–3 days, compared with between about a week to 2 months in previous models). Our results highlight the role of dietary fibre in blockage of stents and demonstrate their importance in the onset of occlusion. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This accelerated model may have implications for developing biliary stents with enhanced patency.
Effect of bypass surgery on survival in patients in low- and high-risk subgroups delineated by the use of simple clinical variables.
Authors: KDetre, PPeduzzi, MMurphy, HHultgren, JThomsen, AOberman, TTakaro
Journal: Circulation (1981)

A multivariate risk function was developed on data from all 508 medical patients in the Veterans Administration (VA) randomized study of coronary bypass surgery. The variables, in order of importance, were ST-segment depression on resting ECG, history of myocardial infarction, history of hypertension and New York Heart Association functional classification III or IV. These noninvasive variables have been reported to be risk factors in natural-history studies of coronary heart disease (CHD). Applying the risk function to medical and surgical patients of the 1972-1974 cohort yielded a 5-year probability of dying for each patient. Investigation of treatment effects in approximate terciles obtained by collapsing the probability distribution into low-, middle- and high-risk groups showed that surgery was beneficial for patients in the high-risk tercile even after removal of patients with left main coronary artery disease (17% surgical vs 34% medical mortality at 5 years; p less than 0.01). This finding was acc...
Noninvasive prediction of transvalvular pressure gradient in patients with pulmonary stenosis by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic Doppler studies.
Authors: C OLima, D JSahn, L MValdes-Cruz, S JGoldberg, J VBarron, H DAllen, EGrenadier
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Recent studies suggest that maximal Doppler velocities measured within the jets that form downstream from stenotic valves can be used to predict aortic valve gradients. To test whether the Doppler method would be useful for evaluation and management of pediatric patients with right ventricular outflow obstruction, we evaluated pulmonary artery flow before catheterization in 16 children with pulmonary valve stenosis. We used a 3.5-MHz, quantitative, range-gated, two-dimensional, pulsed, echocardiographic Doppler scanner with fast Fourier transform spectral output and a 2.5-MHz phased array with pulsed or continuous-mode Doppler. Peak systolic pulmonary artery flow velocities in the jet were recorded distal to the domed pulmonary valve leaflets in short-axis parasternal echocardiographic views. The pulsed Doppler scanner, because of its limitations for resolving high velocities, could quantify only the mildest stenoses; but, especially with the continuous Doppler technique, a close correlation was found bet...
Thallium 201 myocardial imaging in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: H ACohen, M GBaird, J RRouleau, C FFuhrmann, I KBailey, W RSummer, H WStrauss, BPitt
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The appearance of the right ventricular myocardium on thallium 201 myocardial perfusion images was evaluated in patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension and compared to patients without pulmonary hypertension. Four groups of patients were studied: 1) eight normals, 2) five patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and normal pulmonary artery pressures, 3) ten patients with moderate to severe pulmonary parenchymal or vascular disease and documented pulmonary hypertension and 4) eight patients with chronic left ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension discovered during cardiac catheterization. The right ventricular free wall was visualized on the thallium 201 myocardial perfusion image in only one of eight normals (group 1) and in only one of the five patients with coronary artery disease (group 2) and measured 0.5 cm and 0.9 cm in thickness, respectively. In patients with documented pulmonary hypertension the right ventricle was visualized on low contrast thallium 201 ...
Therapeutic Targeting of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Leire Bejarano, Marta J.C. Jordāo, Johanna A. Joyce
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Abstract Strategies to therapeutically target the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment in recent years due to the critical roles of the TME in regulating tumor progression and modulating response to standard-of-care therapies. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the most advanced TME-directed therapies, which have either been clinically approved or are currently being evaluated in trials, including immunotherapies, antiangiogenic drugs, and treatments directed against cancer-associated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. We also discuss some of the challenges associated with TME therapies, and future perspectives in this evolving field. Significance: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current therapies targeting the TME, combining a discussion of the underlying basic biology with clinical evaluation of different therapeutic approaches, and highlighting the challenges and future perspectives.
Lasting improvement of renovascular hypertension by transluminal dilatation of atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic renal artery stenoses. A follow-up study.
Authors: FMahler, PProbst, MHaertel, PWeidmann, AKrneta
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Sixteen consecutive patients with renovascular hypertension were treated by transluminal dilatation and observed during 6 - 39 months (mean 21.8 months). Poststenotic renal artery pressure increased (p less than 0.001) and the renal arteries were patent on angiograms taken immediately after dilatation. In 13 patients, angiography was repeated 2 - 9 months later; at that time the selective renal vein renin ratio had decreased (p less than 0.001). At the end of the follow-up, blood pressure was improved or normal in 14 cases. One of the eight patients with atherosclerosis was normotensive without treatment, compared with five of six patients with fibromuscular dysplasia (p less than 0.05). The results in two cases with vasculitis are uncertain. The four patients with relapses, one after intimal catheter dissection, were treated successfully by redilatation. Thus, renovascular hypertension can be improved by transluminal dilatation in patients with atherosclerosis and in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia...
Effectiveness of right heart catheterization: time for a randomized trial
Authors: D. H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The article 1 and the Editorial 2 on RHC in critically ill patients highlight the potential dangers of intravascular instrumentation. As in our case-control study, 3 the statistically more sophisticated multicenter study by Connors and the SUPPORT Investigators 1 forms the basis for what should have been done decades ago—a randomized controlled trial. The authors recognize that without a randomized controlled trial, the results, while highly persuasive, cannot be conclusive. Indeed, the first call for a randomized controlled trial for such instruments was made in 1980. 4 The University of Massachusetts Medical School study responded in 1987. 3 The important point is that, just as soon as technical feasibility is available, diagnostic methods, like therapeutic methods, should have the most objective evaluation: in contemporary terms that means a randomized controlled trial. The distorted sense of ethics that inhibited physicians from referring patients to the SUPPORT trial 1 is reminiscent of
Modulation of Ca2+ control of dog and rabbit cardiac myofibrils by Mg2+. Comparison with rabbit skeletal myofibrils.
Authors: R JSolaro, J SShiner
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Increases in free Mg2+ from 0.04 to 10.0 mM with constant pH 7.0 TO 0.10 M ionic strength, and 2 mM MgATP2- caused a rightward shift of the free Ca-relative ATPase relation for both cardiac skeletal myofibrils. The specific activity of cardiac myofibrillar ATPase over a wide range of free Ca2+ was, however, depressed in 0.04 vs. 1.0 mM Mg2+, whereas a similar decrease in free Mg2+ slightly enhanced skeletal myofibrillar ATPase. Lowering free Mg2+ from 1.0 to 0.04 mM caused similar increases in cardiac and skeletal myofibrillar bound calcium, which were largely attributable to increased calcium binding to myofibrillar myosin. Raising free Mg2+ from 1.0 to 10.0 mM caused only a slight decrease of skeletal myofibrillar bound calcium, and this change was attributable to myofibrillar myosin. The same increase in free Mg2+ caused cardiac myofibrils to bind increased amounts of calcium and this change was not attributable to myofibrillar myosin. By subtracting calcium bound to myofibrillar myosin, we were able t...
Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. A proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk.
Authors: M AAustin, M CKing, K MVranizan, R MKrauss
Journal: Circulation (1990)

In a community-based study of 301 subjects from 61 nuclear families, two distinct phenotypes (denoted A and B) were identified by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoretic analysis of low density lipoprotein (LDL) subclasses. Phenotype A was characterized by predominance of large, buoyant LDL particles, and phenotype B consisted of a major peak of small, dense LDL particles. Previous analysis of the family data by complex segregation analysis demonstrated that these phenotypes appear to be inherited as a single-gene trait. In the present study, the phenotypes were found to be closely associated with variations in plasma levels of other lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein measurements. Specifically, phenotype B was associated with increases in plasma levels of triglyceride and apolipoprotein B, with mass of very low and intermediate density lipoproteins, and with decreases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL2 mass, and plasma levels of apolipoprotein A-I. Thus, the proposed genetic locus...
Long-term tocainide therapy for ventricular arrhythmias.
Authors: R AWinkle, P JMeffin, D CHarrison
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Long-term tocainide therapy has been evaluated in 17 patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation was recurrent and sustained in nine patients, and symptomatic but unsustained in three others. Five patients had frequent but only mildly symptomatic ventricular irritability. In all patients, arrhythmias could not be managed with quinidine, procainamide or propranolol. Tocainide doses ranged from 300 to 700 mg every 8 hours (mean steady-state plasma concentrations ranged from 5.75 to 12.18 microgram/ml). Tocainide therapy was unsuccessful in eight patients; three died during therapy and five had no antiarrhythmic response. The data suggest that evaluation of long-term drug efficacy, using the criterion of reduction of asymptomatic arrhythmias, is best documented by multiple sequential ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings, both on and off the drug. Tocainide controlled arrhythmias in nine patients (53%), with criteria of success being continued reduction of ectopic ...
Increased left ventricular emptying at maximal exercise after reduction in afterload.
Authors: KAndersen, HVik-Mo
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Twelve healthy men were studied by M mode echocardiography during exercise to investigate the effect of afterload reduction on left ventricular function at maximal exertion. They performed two maximal exercise bicycle tests 4 hr apart while in the semisupine position and were given 20 mg nifedipine sublingually 30 min before the second test. During the first test end-systolic dimension decreased (p less than .01) and fractional shortening increased from rest to peak exercise (p less than .01), while end-diastolic dimension did not change significantly. At maximal exercise systolic blood pressure was lower after nifedipine than in the preceding control test (202 +/- 10 [mean +/- SD] vs 212 +/- 14 mm Hg; p less than .01), while heart rate was not significantly changed (168 +/- 15 vs 162 +/- 13 beats/min). End-systolic dimension was lower (25.6 +/- 3.3 vs 28.8 +/- 4.2 mm; p less than .01) and fractional shortening higher (50.7 +/- 6.0% vs 45.3 +/- 7.0%; p less than .01) while end-diastolic dimension was unch...
Outcomes Of Esophageal Varices in Case of Segmental Portal Hypertension
Authors: S Hmimass, M Borahma, N Lagdali, I Benelbarhdadi, FZ Ajana
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Segmental portal hypertension (SHT) is one of the rare causes of extrahepatic portal hypertension. Our work aims to assess the evolution of varices during segmental portal hypertension.
Abstract 13961: Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes After a Glenn Procedure in Patients With a Single Ventricle
Authors: Gurpreet Khaira, Venkatesan B Sivarajan, Gonzalo Guerra, Ari Joffe, Charlene M Robertson, Gwen Y Bond
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: A Glenn shunt is a low mortality operation with an uncomplicated course in most patients; however some patients can have a complicated postoperative course with significantly increase...
Sex differences in high density lipoprotein cholesterol among low-level alcohol consumers.
Authors: GWeidner, S LConnor, M AChesney, J WBurns, W EConnor, J DMatarazzo, N RMendell
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The purpose of this study was to examine high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in a sample of community-living women and men who consumed 1 drink of alcohol/day or less. Self-reports of alcohol consumption and clinical assessments of plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were obtained twice, at 12 months apart. Among men, consumption of 1 drink/day or less was unrelated to levels in HDL-C. In contrast, among women alcohol consumption throughout this relatively low consumption range was positively associated with HDL-C levels. These findings indicate that the association of alcohol and higher levels of HDL-C may occur at lower intakes of alcohol in women than in men.