tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P092: Longitudinal Impact Of Blood Pressure On Left Ventricular Geometry In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos: Echocardiographic Study Of Latinos (Echo-SOL) Ancillary Study
Authors: Jennifer McLeod, Barry E Hurwitz, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Mayank M Kansal, Katrina Swett, Robert Kaplan, Martin Bilsker, Martha L Daviglus, Gregory A Talavera, Jianwen Cai, Sonia Ponce, Un Jung Lee, Carlos Rodriguez
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Abnormal left ventricular geometry (LVG) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. We assessed the longitudinal transitions of LVG among Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods: Echo-SOL provided serial 2D echocardiograms of Hispanic adults. Each subject was identified as hypertensive or normotensive and categorized into four LVG patterns: normal, concentric remodeling (CR), concentric hypertrophy (CH), or eccentric hypertrophy (EH). Hypertensive adults were stratified on whether they maintained blood pressure (BP) control (&lt;140/90mmHg) by visit 2. The normotensive adults were stratified on whether they developed incident hypertension (HTN) by visit 2. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the outcome of normal vs. abnormal LVG at visit 2 adjusting for age, sex, and follow-up time. Results: There were 1818 adults at visit 1 (mean age 56 years; 42.6% male, 44.7% hypertensive), with 1643 obtaining serial echocardiograms an average of 4.3 years later. At visit 1, LVG was distributed as follows: normal, 65.3%; CR, 30.6%, CH 3.1%, and EH 1.1%. Among hypertensive adults at visit 1, 59.7% had normal LVG and 34.1% had CR. By visit 2, there was a progression from normal LVG to CR among those with and without BP control; CR prevalence increased to 58.5% and 55.2%, respectively (Fig. 1). For visit 1 hypertensive adults, the incidence of abnormal LVG did not differ with regards to BP control (adjusted OR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.7-1.7). Among normotensive adults at visit 1, 69.8% had normal LVG. If they remained normotensive by visit 2, this prevalence decreased to 52.2%. If they developed HTN, there was an associated progression toward abnormal geometry (adjusted OR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4-4.2), with the majority (59.2%) demonstrating a CR phenotype. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that BP control to 140mmHg is not adequate to prevent progressive LV remodeling among Hispanic/Latino adults. Further study is needed to understand this maladaptive process and how it contributes to cardiovascular disease in this population.
Pressure Monitoring Devices
Authors: Robert A. Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Contaminated pressure monitoring devices recently have been implicated as a source of epidemic organisms in three outbreaks of nosocomial bacteremia, one outbreak of candidemia, and one outbreak of hepatitis. Measures necessary to prevent monitoring-related infections have not always been appreciated or taken. As a minimum, pressure monitoring devices should be sterilized between use with different patients; strict aseptic technique should be employed when setting up and using monitoring systems; and each patient's monitoring tubing, fluid, and monitoring devices should be changed at regular intervals. (<i>JAMA</i>236:936-938, 1976)
Abstract 12614: Total Thrombus Formation Analysis System Can Predict High Bleeding Risk in Coronary Artery Disease Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Nobuhiro Nakanishi, Koichi Kaikita, Kenichi Tsujita
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Antithrombotic therapy is established for the treatment in various cardiovascular events, however, it has shown to increase the bleeding risk. Total Thrombus-formation Analysis System (T-TAS) is reported to be useful for evaluating thrombogenicity. Hypothesis: We examined whether T-TAS might predict 1-year bleeding risk in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study at Kumamoto University Hospital between April 2017 and March 2019. Blood samples obtained on the day of PCI were used in T-TAS to compute the thrombus formation area under the curve (AUC) (AR10-AUC30, AUC for AR chip). We divided the study population into 2 groups according to the Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (ARC-HBR) (182 patients in ARC-HBR positive, 118 in ARC-HBR negative). The primary endpoint was 1-year bleeding events that were defined by Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type2, 3, or 5. Results: The AR10-AUC30 levels were significantly lower in the ARC-HBR positive group than in the ARC-HBR negative group (median [interquartile range] 1568.1 [1258.5-1744.1] vs. 1723.1 [1567.0-1799.5], p&lt;0.001). The combination of ARC-HBR and AR10-AUC30 could discriminate the bleeding risk, and improved predictive capacity compared with ARC-HBR by c-statistics and integrated discrimination improvement. In multivariate Cox hazards analyses, combining ARC-HBR and lower AR10-AUC30 levels were significantly associated with 1-year bleeding events. Decision curve analysis revealed that combining AR10-AUC30 with ARC-HBR ameliorated risk-prediction of bleeding events. Conclusions: The results highlighted that AR10-AUC30 could be a potentially useful marker for predicting high bleeding risk in patients undergoing PCI.
Abstract 16825: Indigenous Australians Present 9 Years Earlier With Acute Coronary Syndrome With Worse 12 Months Outcomes; A 14-year Registry Analysis
Authors: Vahid Moosavi, Souvik K Das, thomas harvey, Paul Marley, Ahmad Farshid
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Indigenous Australians have a higher cardiovascular burden than non-indigenous persons. Whether this is associated with more prevalent cardiovascular risk factors or other reasons is not well defined. Hypothesis: Indigenous Australians with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have more cardiovascular risk factors than non-indigenous Australians. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of our ACS registry comparing indigenous and non-indigenous Australian patients who presented with ACS and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between 2006-2019. Results: We treated 9436 patients and 239 (2.4%) were indigenous Australians. On average, Indigenous patients presented 9 years earlier (mean age 55 v 64 years, p&lt;0.0001). In indigenous Australian patients, 32% were under 50 compared with 13% in non-indigenous group (p&lt;0.0001). Comparing the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors between indigenous Australians and non-indigenous patients, diabetes mellitus (27% v 21%, p=0.016), hypertension (61% v 53%, p=0.028), smoking (54% v 24%, p&lt;0.0001), family history of IHD (43% v 32%, pp=0.0009) and obesity with BMI&gt;30 (46% v 33%, p=0.0001) were higher amongst the indigenous Australians while prevalence of dyslipidemia was similar between the two groups (45% v 46%, p=0.79). Indigenous Australian patients with ACS had worse outcome including higher incidence of acute myocardial infarction within 12 months (11.3% v 4.6% p&lt;0.0001), stent thrombosis (2.51% v 1.06%, p=0.03) and major adverse cardiovascular events (23.8% v 17.2%, p=0.01); however, 12 months mortality (11.7% v 8.7%, p=0.12) was not statistically different between the two groups. Conclusions: Indigenous Australians present with ACS 9 years earlier than non-indigenous patients. This is largely explained by significantly higher prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, Indigenous Australians had higher MACE rates. Closer attention to risk factor management is required in indigenous Australians for primary and secondary prevention.
Targeting public neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Alexander H. Pearlman, Michael S. Hwang, Maximilian F. Konig, Emily Han-Chung Hsiue, Jacqueline Douglass, Sarah R. DiNapoli, Brian J. Mog, Chetan Bettegowda, Drew M. Pardoll, Sandra B. Gabelli, Nicholas Papadopoulos, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Shibin Zhou
Journal: Nature Cancer (2021)
Abstract MP67: Long-term TV Viewing Is Associated With Grey Matter Brain Volume In Midlife: The Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Ryan J Dougherty, Tina Hoang, Lenore J Launer, David R Jacobs, Stephen Sidney, Kristine Yaffe
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: While it is generally accepted that a physically active lifestyle is important for overall health, sedentary behavior has become a public health focus due to evidence that it may impart unique risk for chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between 20-year television (TV) viewing patterns, as a proxy for sedentary behavior, with grey matter volume in midlife. We hypothesized that greater TV viewing in early to mid-adulthood would be associated with lower grey matter volume at midlife, independent from physical activity. Methods: We evaluated 599 participants (306 female, 264 black, mean age 30.3±3.5 at baseline and 50.2±3.5 years at follow-up and MRI) from the prospective CARDIA study. We assessed TV patterns with repeated interviewer-administered questionnaire spanning 20 years. Structural MRI (3T) measures of grey matter were assessed at year 20 during midlife. We used multivariable linear models to examine the association between long-term TV viewing (mean hours) and frontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, hippocampal, and total grey matter volumes, adjusting for demographics, intracranial volume, and study site. Results: Over the 20 years, participants reported viewing an average of 2.5±1.7 hours of TV per day (range: 0-10 hours). After multivariable adjustment, greater TV viewing was negatively associated with grey matter volume in the frontal (β= -0.773; p = 0.01) and entorhinal cortex (β= -23.8; p = 0.05) as well as total grey matter (β= -2.089; p = 0.003) but not hippocampus. These results remained unchanged after additional adjustment for physical activity. For each one standard deviation increase in TV viewing, the difference in grey matter volume z-score was approximately 0.06 less for each of the three regions ( p&lt; 0.05; Figure 1). Conclusions: Among middle-aged adults, greater TV viewing in early to mid-adulthood was associated with lower grey matter volume. Sedentariness or other facets of TV viewing may be an important risk factor for brain aging even in middle age.
Abstract 17069: NAD+Redox Imbalance in the Heart Exacerbates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akash Deep D Chakraborty, Ying Ann Chiao, Christine M Light, Rong Tian, Junichi Sadoshima, Xiaojian Shi, Haiwei Gu, Chi Fung Lee
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Diabetes is a risk factor of heart failure and leads to cardiac dysfunction, a condition named diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). NAD redox imbalance is observed in diabetic tissues. However, whether NAD redox imbalance promotes cardiac dysfunction in DCM remains unknown. The objective of this study is to determine the causal role of NAD redox imbalance in DCM.Type 1 diabetes was induced in C57BL6 mice by streptozotocin (STZ) injections, and DCM was allowed to develop for 16 weeks. Diabetes-induced chronic stress led to systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction along with a lowered NAD/NADH ratio. The diabetogenic protocol was applied to control and cardiac-specific Ndufs4-KO mice (cKO), a mouse model with lowered cardiac NAD/NADH without baseline cardiac dysfunction. Analyses of blood glucose and &gt;200 metabolites in plasma showed no significant change in diabetic control and diabetic cKO mice, suggesting that their hearts experienced similar diabetic stress. Diabetic cKO hearts showed lowered NAD/NADH, aggravated contractile and relaxation dysfunction compared to the diabetic control hearts in both sexes. The data suggest that NAD redox imbalance exacerbated DCM. Collagen staining and transcript analyses of fibrosis-related genes showed no change in diabetic cKO hearts, signifying that the exacerbated dysfunction was due to cardiomyocyte dysfunction. A global protein acetylation was promoted in the diabetic cKO hearts with an increase in SOD2 acetylation levels at lysine-68 (SOD2-K68Ac) and enhanced protein oxidation. Diabetic cKO mice displayed enhanced levels of TnI S150 phosphorylation (TnI-S150Pi), but not phosphorylation of TnI-S23/24 or MyBPc-S282. These data suggest that enhanced oxidative stress and altered myofilament Ca 2+ sensitivity via TnI-S150Pi are responsible for the NAD redox imbalance-exacerbated DCM.To confirm the role of NAD redox imbalance in DCM, we elevated cardiac NAD levels in diabetic cKO mice by cardiac-specific expression of NAMPT. Expression of NAMPT in the heart improved cardiac systolic and diastolic function in diabetic cKO hearts. This was due to increased NAD/NADH ratio and reversed pathogenic mechanisms (lowered SOD2-K68Ac and TnI-S150Pi). This study supports the causal role of NAD redox imbalance in DCM.
Uncommon Pathogen in an Unexpected Host: A Case of Rothia Mucilaginosa Endocarditis in an Immunocompetent Patient without Underlying Valvular Disease
Authors: Ramy Abdelmaseih
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2021)

Rothia mucilaginosa, formally known as Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, is a gram-positive coccus that is found as a commensal in the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. It is an infrequent opportunistic pathogen with very rare infection rates, mostly affecting immunocompromised patients such as patients with severe neutropenia, HIV infection, malignancy, diabetes mellitus, and liver cirrhosis. Infections in immunocompetent individuals are extremely rare, and usually related to pre-existing valvular heart disease, prosthetic valves and indwelling vascular catheters. Other risk factors for Rothia bacteremia include: intravenous drug use (IVDU).
A tricompartmental model of lung oxygenation disruption to explain pulmonary and systemic pathology in severe COVID-19
Authors: Dennis McGonagle, Charlie Bridgewood, James F M Meaney
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)

The emergent 21st century betacoronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, lead to clinicopathological manifestations with unusual features, such as early-onset chest pain, pulmonary infarction, and pulmonary and systemic thromboembolism that is pathologically linked to extensive capillary, arteriolar, and venular thrombosis. Early ground glass opacities detected by CT, which are reminiscent of lung infarcts associated with pulmonary embolism, point to a novel vascular pathology in COVID-19. Under physiological conditions, normal parenchymal oxygenation is maintained by three sources: the alveolus itself and dual oxygen supply from the pulmonary and bronchial artery circulations. We propose a model in which these three components are disrupted in COVID-19 pneumonia, with severe viral alveolitis and concomitant immunothrombotic obstruction of the pulmonary and bronchiolar circulation. Tricompartmental disruption might have two main consequences: systemic clot embolisation from pulmonary vein territory immunothrombosis, and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption with systemic access of thrombogenic viral material. Our model encompasses the known pathological and clinical features of severe COVID-19, and has implications for understanding patient responses to immunomodulatory therapies, which might exert an anti-inflammatory effect within the vascular compartments.
General practices in deprived areas should get extra “levelling up” funding, says report
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The government must inject more funding into general practice in socioeconomically deprived areas as part of its national “levelling up” agenda, a charity that campaigns for a healthier population has argued.1

The briefing paper from the Health Foundation highlights that areas of high deprivation have the greatest health needs, but that general practice is underfunded and underdoctored in these areas.

“The persistence of the inverse care law in general practice is a consequence of policies failing to allocate resource according to need,” said Rebecca Fisher, senior policy fellow at the Health Foundation and author of the report. …
Abstract 14813: <i>Cardiovascular Stroke Nursing Best Abstract Award:</i> Heterogeneity of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Asian Immigrants: Insights From the 2010 - 2018 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Binu Koirala, Yvonne Commodore-mensah, Ruth Alma Turkson Ocran, Diana Baptiste, Patricia Davidson, Cheryl R Dennison Himmelfarb
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the US. Asians are the fastest-growing immigrant group in the US and are disproportionately affected by CVD risk factors, compared to Whites. Studies on CVD risk aggregate Asians into a homogenous group. It is unclear how Asian immigrants (Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Asia) differ with respect to CVD risks and in comparison, to Whites. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that there will be significant heterogeneity in CVD risk factors among Asian immigrant subgroups as compared to Non-Hispanics Whites. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative analysis of the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey was conducted among 508,941 participants. A generalized linear model using Poisson distribution was fitted to compare the prevalence of self-reported hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, and smoking among Asian immigrants to Whites, adjusting for known confounders. Results: In this sample, 33,973 were Asian immigrants (26% Indian subcontinent; 45% Southeast Asia; 29% Asia) and 474,968 Whites; Indian subcontinent were the youngest (39 years; SE: 0.36). Compared to Whites, the Indian subcontinent had the highest prevalence of overweight/obesity (PR:1.22; 95% CI:1.19-1.25) and Southeast Asian had highest in high cholesterol (PR:1.16; 95% CI:1.10-1.23). Both, the Indian subcontinent (PR:1.69; 95% CI:1.49 - 1.93) and Southeast Asian (PR:1.38; 95%:1.26-1.52), reported a higher prevalence of diabetes. All Asian subgroups were more likely to be physically inactive and less likely to smoke than Whites (Table). Conclusion: Significant heterogeneity in CVD risk factors among Asian immigrants was observed compared to Whites. Providers caring for Asians should consider health behaviors and cultural beliefs influencing health outcomes and provide tailored and culturally informed care to improve the cardiovascular health of diverse populations.
제 7 차 춘계학술대회 초록집 : 구연 ; 인터페론 치료로 HbeAg 이 음전된 만성 B 형 간염 환자에서 재발율 및 재발 위험 인자
Authors: 송병철, 서동진, 이한주, 송희곤, 손정민, 이영상, 정영화
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2001)
63O Letrozole and palbociclib versus third generation chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment in luminal breast cancer: Survival results of the UNICANCER-NeoPAL study
Authors: S. Delaloge, S. Dureau, V. D'Hondt, I. Desmoulins, P-E. Heudel, F. Duhoux, C. Levy, F. Lerebours, M-A. Mouret-Reynier, F. Dalenc, J-S. Frenel, C. Jouannaud, L. Venat-Bouvet, S. Nguyen, C. Callens, D. Gentien, H. Manduzio, A. Vincent-Salomon, J. Lemonnier, P.H. Cottu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Decision-making ability, psychopathology, and brain connectivity
Authors: Michael Moutoussis, Benjamín Garzón, Sharon Neufeld, Dominik R. Bach, Francesco Rigoli, Ian Goodyer, Edward Bullmore, Marc Guitart-Masip, Raymond J. Dolan, Peter Fonagy, Peter Jones, Tobias Hauser, Rafael Romero-Garcia, Michelle St Clair, Petra Vértes, Kirstie Whitaker, Becky Inkster, Gita Prabhu, Cinly Ooi, Umar Toseeb, Barry Widmer, Junaid Bhatti, Laura Villis, Ayesha Alrumaithi, Sarah Birt, Aislinn Bowler, Kalia Cleridou, Hina Dadabhoy, Emma Davies, Ashlyn Firkins, Sian Granville, Elizabeth Harding, Alexandra Hopkins, Daniel Isaacs, Janchai King, Danae Kokorikou, Christina Maurice, Cleo McIntosh, Jessica Memarzia, Harriet Mills, Ciara O’Donnell, Sara Pantaleone, Jenny Scott, Pasco Fearon, John Suckling, Anne-Laura van Harmelen, Rogier Kievit
Journal: Neuron (2021)

Decision-making is a cognitive process of central importance for the quality of our lives. Here, we ask whether a common factor underpins our diverse decision-making abilities. We obtained 32 decision-making measures from 830 young people and identified a common factor that we call "decision acuity," which was distinct from IQ and reflected a generic decision-making ability. Decision acuity was decreased in those with aberrant thinking and low general social functioning. Crucially, decision acuity and IQ had dissociable brain signatures, in terms of their associated neural networks of resting-state functional connectivity. Decision acuity was reliably measured, and its relationship with functional connectivity was also stable when measured in the same individuals 18 months later. Thus, our behavioral and brain data identify a new cognitive construct that underpins decision-making ability across multiple domains. This construct may be important for understanding mental health, particularly regarding poor social function and aberrant thought patterns.
Abstract 15773: Differences in Atrial Fibrillation Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Response to Therapy Across Race-ethnicity
Authors: Yining Chen, Mary Carolina Rodriguez Ziccardi, Aylin Ornelas, Faisal Darbar, Zain Alzahrani, Vivek Mehta, Aamir Twing, Maha Ahmed, Victor Qiao, Baha'a Al-azzam, Sreenivas Konda, Dawood Darbar
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) guidelines are heavily predicated on assessing the severity of symptoms experienced by individual patients when selecting either rate or rhythm control strategy. While the severity of symptoms can be highly variable, it remains unclear if race-ethnicity influences AF symptoms and quality-of-life (QoL). We sought to determine whether race-ethnicity modulates severity of AF symptoms, QoL and response to therapy. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 415 patients diagnosed with new-onset AF enrolled over a 30-month period in a clinical-genetic registry. Baseline assessment of patients prior to treatment initiation included a detailed patient history and the validated 20-item Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-life (AFEQT) questionnaire. We divided the cohort into groups based on race-ethnicity (African American[AA], European American[EA], Hispanic/Latino[H/L]) and treatment strategy (rate or rhythm control). Results: Of 306 consecutive patients with AF, 113 (36.9%) were AA, 108 (35.3%) EA and 85 (27.8%) H/L. The mean age was 61.9±13.0 years, and 105 (34.3%) were female with 154 (50.3%) patients treated with rate control versus 152 (49.7%) with rhythm control therapy. Both AA (52.1%) and H/L (65.9%) patients were more likely to be initiated on rate control therapy as compared with EAs (36.1%; P=0.0002) despite lower baseline AFEQT scores (AA: 72.9.9±23.2; H/L: 75.1±20.7; and EA: 80.2±17.9; P=0.24) and greater impairment of QoL. The overall AFEQT scores and QoL improved significantly in AAs (Δscore: 10.4±28.2; P&lt;0.0001) and EAs (Δscore: 11.9±20.1; P&lt;0.0001) and was mostly associated with improvement in activities of daily living. Multivariate predictors of improvement in QoL in patients with AF included not only rhythm control therapy but also a history of both coronary artery disease and obesity. Conclusion: The severity and perception of AF symptoms is highly variable in individual patients. Our study showed that ethnic minorities with AF are more likely to receive rate control therapy when compared to patients of European descent despite poorer QoL. Our findings may have important clinical implications for the assessment of symptoms and management of AF in AAs and H/Ls.