tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advances in the development of new biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Timofey O. Klyucherev, Pawel Olszewski, Alena A. Shalimova, Vladimir N. Chubarev, Vadim V. Tarasov, Misty M. Attwood, Stina Syvänen, Helgi B. Schiöth
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2022)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, heterogeneous, progressive disease and is the most common type of neurodegenerative dementia. The prevalence of AD is expected to increase as the population ages, placing an additional burden on national healthcare systems. There is a large need for new diagnostic tests that can detect AD at an early stage with high specificity at relatively low cost. The development of modern analytical diagnostic tools has made it possible to determine several biomarkers of AD with high specificity, including pathogenic proteins, markers of synaptic dysfunction, and markers of inflammation in the blood. There is a considerable potential in using microRNA (miRNA) as markers of AD, and diagnostic studies based on miRNA panels suggest that AD could potentially be determined with high accuracy for individual patients. Studies of the retina with improved methods of visualization of the fundus are also showing promising results for the potential diagnosis of the disease. This review focuses on the recent developments of blood, plasma, and ocular biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD.
<i>QuickStats:</i> Percentage* of Adults Aged 18–64 Years Who Had a Dental Visit in the Past 12 Months,<sup>†</sup> by Dental Insurance<sup>§</sup> and Year — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2019–2020<sup>¶</sup>
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

Insurance coverageNo dental insurance Percentage 2019 2020 * 95% CIs indicated by error bars.† Based on responses to the question, "About how long has it been since you last had a dental examination or cleaning?"Response of "Within the past year (anytime less than 12 months ago)" was considered as having had a dental visit in the past 12 months.§ Based on responses to survey questions, adults were classified as having dental insurance if they had a private plan with dental benefits, a single service dental plan, or were covered by Medicaid with extensive dental benefits.¶ Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population.The percentage of adults aged 18-64 years who had a dental visit during the past 12 months decreased from 65.5% in 2019 to 62.7% in 2020.From 2019 to 2020, the percentage of adults aged 18-64 years who had a dental visit during the past 12 months decreased for those with dental insurance (75.0% to 72.0%) and those without dental insurance (47.8% to 45.4%).In both 2019 and 2020, adults with dental insurance were more likely to have a dental visit than those without dental insurance.
Dynamics of Long-Term Patient-Reported Quality of Life and Health Behaviors After Adjuvant Breast Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Antonio Di Meglio, Julie Havas, Arnauld S. Gbenou, Elise Martin, Mayssam El-Mouhebb, Barbara Pistilli, Gwenn Menvielle, Agnes Dumas, Sibille Everhard, Anne-Laure Martin, Paul H. Cottu, Florence Lerebours, Charles Coutant, Anne Lesur, Olivier Tredan, Patrick Soulie, Laurence Vanlemmens, Florence Joly, Suzette Delaloge, Patricia A. Ganz, Fabrice André, Ann H. Partridge, Lee W. Jones, Stefan Michiels, Ines Vaz-Luis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

We aimed to characterize long-term quality of life (QOL) trajectories among patients with breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and to identify related patterns of health behaviors.Female stage I-III breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in CANTO (CANcer TOxicity; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01993498) were included. Trajectories of QOL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 Summary Score) and associations with trajectory group membership were identified by iterative estimations of group-based trajectory models and multivariable multinomial logistic regression, respectively.Four trajectory groups were identified (N = 4,131): excellent (51.7%), very good (31.7%), deteriorating (10.0%), and poor (6.6%) QOL. The deteriorating trajectory group reported fairly good baseline QOL (mean [95% CI], 78.3/100 [76.2 to 80.5]), which significantly worsened at year-1 (58.1/100 [56.4 to 59.9]) and never recovered to pretreatment values through year-4 (61.1/100 [59.0 to 63.3]) postdiagnosis. Healthy behaviors were associated with better performing trajectory groups. Obesity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] v lean, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.28 to 1.79]; P < .0001) and current smoking (aOR v never, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.27 to 1.82]; P < .0001) at diagnosis were associated with membership to the deteriorating group, which was also characterized by a higher prevalence of patients with excess body weight and insufficient physical activity through year-4 and by frequent exposure to tobacco smoking during chemotherapy. Additional factors associated with membership to the deteriorating group included younger age (aOR, 1-year decrement 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.02]; P = .043), comorbidities (aOR v no, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.40]; P = .005), lower income (aOR v wealthier households, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.37]; P = .002), and endocrine therapy (aOR v no, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.30]; P = .047).This latent-class analysis identified some patients with upfront poor QOL and a high-risk cluster with severe, persistent postchemotherapy QOL deterioration. Screening relevant patient-level characteristics may inform tailored interventions to mitigate the detrimental impact of chemotherapy and preserve QOL, including early addressal of behavioral concerns and provision of healthy lifestyle support programs.
Provisional COVID-19 Age-Adjusted Death Rates, by Race and Ethnicity — United States, 2020–2021
Authors: Benedict I. Truman, Man-Huei Chang, Ramal Moonesinghe
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

Disparities in COVID-19 death rates by race and ethnicity have been reported in the United States (1,2). In response to these disparities, preventive, medical care, and social service assistance programs were implemented to lessen disparities in COVID-19 outcomes, including grants to support state, tribal, local, and territorial health department responses (3). The potential impact of such efforts on annual changes in racial and ethnic disparities in mortality rates that identify COVID-19 as the underlying cause of death has not been previously reported. This analysis used U.S. provisional mortality data from death certificates collected by CDC's National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) to estimate changes in COVID-19-related age-adjusted death rates (AADRs) by race and ethnicity during 2020-2021. Compared with non-Hispanic multiracial persons (the group with the lowest death rate), significant decreases in AADR ratios occurred during 2020-2021 among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons (34.0%), non-Hispanic Asian (Asian) persons (37.6%), non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) persons (40.2%), Hispanic persons (37.1%), and non-Hispanic White (White) persons (14%); a non-statistically significant 7.2% increase in AADR ratio occurred among non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NH/OPI) persons. Despite reductions in AADR disparities from 2020 to 2021, large disparities in AADR by race and ethnicity remained in 2021. Providing effective preventive interventions, including vaccination and clinical care, to all communities in proportion to their need for these interventions is necessary to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 deaths.
Inter-individual variation in objective measure of reactogenicity following COVID-19 vaccination via smartwatches and fitness bands
Authors: Giorgio Quer, Matteo Gadaleta, Jennifer M. Radin, Kristian G. Andersen, Katie Baca-Motes, Edward Ramos, Eric J. Topol, Steven R. Steinhubl
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

Abstract The ability to identify who does or does not experience the intended immune response following vaccination could be of great value in not only managing the global trajectory of COVID-19 but also helping guide future vaccine development. Vaccine reactogenicity can potentially lead to detectable physiologic changes, thus we postulated that we could detect an individual’s initial physiologic response to a vaccine by tracking changes relative to their pre-vaccine baseline using consumer wearable devices. We explored this possibility using a smartphone app-based research platform that enabled volunteers (39,701 individuals) to share their smartwatch data, as well as self-report, when appropriate, any symptoms, COVID-19 test results, and vaccination information. Of 7728 individuals who reported at least one vaccination dose, 7298 received an mRNA vaccine, and 5674 provided adequate data from the peri-vaccine period for analysis. We found that in most individuals, resting heart rate (RHR) increased with respect to their individual baseline after vaccination, peaked on day 2, and returned to normal by day 6. This increase in RHR was greater than one standard deviation above individuals’ normal daily pattern in 47% of participants after their second vaccine dose. Consistent with other reports of subjective reactogenicity following vaccination, we measured a significantly stronger effect after the second dose relative to the first, except those who previously tested positive to COVID-19, and a more pronounced increase for individuals who received the Moderna vaccine. Females, after the first dose only, and those aged &lt;40 years, also experienced a greater objective response after adjusting for possible confounding factors. These early findings show that it is possible to detect subtle, but important changes from an individual’s normal as objective evidence of reactogenicity, which, with further work, could prove useful as a surrogate for vaccine-induced immune response.
High-dose Radiotherapy or Androgen Deprivation Therapy (HEAT) as Treatment Intensification for Localized Prostate Cancer: An Individual Patient–data Network Meta-analysis from the MARCAP Consortium
Authors: Amar U. Kishan, Xiaoyan Wang, Yilun Sun, Tahmineh Romero, Jeff M. Michalski, Ting Martin Ma, Felix Y. Feng, Howard M. Sandler, Michel Bolla, Philippe Maingon, Theo De Reijke, Anouk Neven, Allison Steigler, James W. Denham, David Joseph, Abdenour Nabid, Nathalie Carrier, Luis Souhami, Matt R. Sydes, David P. Dearnaley, Isabel Syndikus, Alison C. Tree, Luca Incrocci, Wilma D. Heemsbergen, Floris J. Pos, Almudena Zapatero, Jason A. Efstathiou, Araceli Guerrero, Ana Alvarez, Carmen Gonzalez San-Segundo, Xavier Maldonado, Michael Xiang, Matthew B. Rettig, Robert E. Reiter, Nicholas G. Zaorsky, Wee Loon Ong, Robert T. Dess, Michael L. Steinberg, Nicholas G. Nickols, Soumyajit Roy, Jorge A. Garcia, Daniel E. Spratt
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Numbers
Authors: Kimberly R. Myers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Ad LibitumApril 2022NumbersKimberly R. Myers, PhD, MAKimberly R. Myers, PhD, MADepartments of Humanities and Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine Hershey, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M21-3454 Audio Reading - “Numbers” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Numbers” by Kimberly R. Myers, PhD, MA Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail tell us how we are. Doingtheir job before toast or tea,sweet numberstell us whether we can eatand what. Numbers tellif she's had a heart attackand whether his cancer hascome back, if the liver isstruggling, kidneys aretired. We count pillsrate pain, open envelopesto discover the verdict. At nightwe lie in bed, countinghow many hours we loseworrying about the numbers.Numbers take their toll.Tell me: On a scale of 1 to 10where do you placethe feel of April sunon your upturned face? Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Departments of Humanities and Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine Hershey, PennsylvaniaCorresponding Author: Kimberly R. Myers, PhD, MA, Department of Humanities, H134, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033; e-mail, [email protected]psu.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Numbers” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Numbers” by Kimberly R. Myers, PhD, MA Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics April 2022Volume 175, Issue 4Page: 616 ePublished: 19 April 2022 Issue Published: April 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Bone Scan With SPECT/CT Demonstrated C1 to C2 Involvement in Rheumatic Arthritis
Authors: Tzyy-Ling Chuang, Shih-Chin Chou, Yu-Ruei Chen, Yuh-Feng Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

An 80-year-old man was treated with rituximab for active rheumatoid arthritis until 2019, now controlled with Salazopyrin, prednisolone, methotrexate, and folic acid. However, laboratory data showed elevated C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Whole-body bone scan showed bony and joint destruction to the upper cervical vertebra (C spine), bilateral shoulders, wrists, finger joints, ankles, and left knee. SPECT/CT localized the upper C spine uptake to the C1/C2 joint and adjacent C1 and C2 with C1/C2 subluxation. C spine CT showed vertical atlantoaxial subluxation and bony erosions.
Combined protein and nucleic acid imaging reveals virus-dependent B cell and macrophage immunosuppression of tissue microenvironments
Authors: Sizun Jiang, Chi Ngai Chan, Xavier Rovira-Clavé, Han Chen, Yunhao Bai, Bokai Zhu, Erin McCaffrey, Noah F. Greenwald, Candace Liu, Graham L. Barlow, Jason L. Weirather, John Paul Oliveria, Tsuguhisa Nakayama, Ivan T. Lee, Matthias S. Matter, Anne E. Carlisle, Darci Philips, Gustavo Vazquez, Nilanjan Mukherjee, Kathleen Busman-Sahay, Michael Nekorchuk, Margaret Terry, Skyler Younger, Marc Bosse, Janos Demeter, Scott J. Rodig, Alexandar Tzankov, Yury Goltsev, David Robert McIlwain, Michael Angelo, Jacob D. Estes, Garry P. Nolan
Journal: Immunity (2022)

Understanding the mechanisms of HIV tissue persistence necessitates the ability to visualize tissue microenvironments where infected cells reside; however, technological barriers limit our ability to dissect the cellular components of these HIV reservoirs. Here, we developed protein and nucleic acid in situ imaging (PANINI) to simultaneously quantify DNA, RNA, and protein levels within these tissue compartments. By coupling PANINI with multiplexed ion beam imaging (MIBI), we measured over 30 parameters simultaneously across archival lymphoid tissues from healthy or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected nonhuman primates. PANINI enabled the spatial dissection of cellular phenotypes, functional markers, and viral events resulting from infection. SIV infection induced IL-10 expression in lymphoid B cells, which correlated with local macrophage M2 polarization. This highlights a potential viral mechanism for conditioning an immunosuppressive tissue environment for virion production. The spatial multimodal framework here can be extended to decipher tissue responses in other infectious diseases and tumor biology.
Reimagining patient-centric cancer clinical trials: a multi-stakeholder international coalition
Authors: Bob T. Li, Bobby Daly, Mary Gospodarowicz, Monica M. Bertagnolli, Otis W. Brawley, Bruce A. Chabner, Lola Fashoyin-Aje, R. Angelo de Claro, Elizabeth Franklin, Jennifer Mills, Jeff Legos, Karen Kaucic, Mark Li, Lydia The, Tina Hou, Ting-Hui Wu, Bjorn Albrecht, Yi Shao, Justin Finnegan, Jing Qian, Javad Shahidi, Eduard Gasal, Craig Tendler, Geoffrey Kim, James Yan, Phuong Khanh Morrow, Charles S. Fuchs, Lianshan Zhang, Robert LaCaze, Stefan Oelrich, Martin J. Murphy, Richard Pazdur, Kevin Rudd, Yi-Long Wu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure history shapes phenotypes and specificity of memory CD8+ T cells
Authors: Anastasia A. Minervina, Mikhail V. Pogorelyy, Allison M. Kirk, Jeremy Chase Crawford, E. Kaitlynn Allen, Ching-Heng Chou, Robert C. Mettelman, Kim J. Allison, Chun-Yang Lin, David C. Brice, Xun Zhu, Kasi Vegesana, Gang Wu, Sanchit Trivedi, Pratibha Kottapalli, Daniel Darnell, Suzanne McNeely, Scott R. Olsen, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Jeremie H. Estepp, Aditya Gaur, James Hoffman, Motomi Mori, Li Tang, Elaine Tuomanen, Richard Webby, Hana Hakim, Randall T. Hayden, Diego R. Hijano, Resha Bajracharya, Walid Awad, Lee-Ann Van de Velde, Brandi L. Clark, Taylor L. Wilson, Aisha Souquette, Ashley Castellaw, Ronald H. Dallas, Jason Hodges, Ashleigh Gowen, Jamie Russell-Bell, James Sparks, David E. Wittman, Thomas P. Fabrizio, Sean Cherry, Ericka Kirkpatrick Roubidoux, Valerie Cortez, Pamela Freiden, Nicholas Wohlgemuth, Kendall Whitt, Maureen A. McGargill, Joshua Wolf, Paul G. Thomas
Journal: Nature Immunology (2022)
Neurological Toxic Effects Associated With Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors—Are We Really Safer Now?
Authors: Daniel Vargas Pivato de Almeida
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Muhammad Zain Farooq, MD; Sheeba Ba Aqeel, MD; Prasanth Lingamaneni, MD; Rayli Carolina Pichardo, MD; Aleeza Jawed, MBBS; Saad Khalid, MBBS; Shristi Upadhyay Banskota, MD; Pingfu Fu, PhD; Ankit Mangla, MD
Medicare’s Bundled Payment Models—Progress and Pitfalls
Authors: Karen E. Joynt Maddox, Sukruth A. Shashikumar, Andrew M. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (2022)

In this Viewpoint, Joynt Maddox and colleagues consider how the bundled payment programs from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services require close examination of benchmarks, market distortions, and health equity.
Effectiveness of mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and JNJ-78436735 COVID-19 Vaccines Among US Military Personnel Before and During the Predominance of the Delta Variant
Authors: Angelia A. Eick-Cost, Saixia Ying, Natalie Wells
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

No studies to date have evaluated the effectiveness of 3 COVID-19 vaccines in the US military population, especially during the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant.To estimate the effectiveness of the mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and JNJ-78436735 vaccines among US military personnel before and during the predominance of the Delta variant in the US.This case-control study was conducted among all unvaccinated and fully vaccinated US military personnel who had a documented SARS-CoV-2 test performed in the US between January 1 and September 24, 2021. Individuals were identified using Department of Defense (DOD) electronic medical, laboratory, and surveillance databases. The pre-Delta period was defined as January 1 to May 31, 2021, and the Delta period as June 19 to September 24, 2021. Case individuals were defined by a positive polymerase chain reaction SARS-CoV-2 test result or a positive antigen test result with symptoms. Control individuals had at least 1 negative SARS-CoV-2 test result.COVID-19 vaccination with the mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, or JNJ-78436735 vaccine, assessed from DOD electronic vaccination records.COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness overall, by vaccine type, and by outcome stratified by the pre-Delta and Delta periods in the US. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated as 100 × (1 - odds ratio) in a logistic regression model with adjustment for potential confounders.The cohort included 441 379 individuals, with 290 256 in the pre-Delta period (236 555 [81%] male; median age, 25 years [range, 17-68 years]) and 151 123 in the Delta period (120 536 [80%] male; median age, 26 years [range, 17-70 years]). Adjusted vaccine effectiveness of all vaccines was significantly higher during the pre-Delta period (89.2%; 95% CI, 88.1%-90.1%) compared with the Delta period (70.2%; 95% CI, 69.3%-71.1%) for all outcomes, an overall decrease of 19%. mRNA-1273 vaccine effectiveness was highest in the pre-Delta (93.5%; 95% CI, 91.9%-94.7%) and Delta (79.4%; 95% CI, 78.3%-80.4%) periods for all outcomes, whereas the JNJ-78436735 vaccine had the lowest effectiveness during the pre-Delta (81.8%; 95% CI, 74.2%- 87.1%) and Delta (38.3%; 95% CI, 34.5%-41.9%) periods. Effectiveness for all vaccines during both periods was higher for symptomatic infection and hospitalization among individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.In this case-control study, among US military personnel, COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness was significantly lower during the period when the Delta variant predominated compared with the period before Delta variant predominance; this was especially true for the JNJ-78436735 vaccine. These findings were confounded by time since vaccination; this and the change in effectiveness support the need for booster doses and continued evaluation of vaccine effectiveness as new variants of SARS-CoV-2 emerge.
18F-FDG PET/CT During Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy in Prior Unresectable Stage III Melanoma Patients
Authors: Bernies van der Hiel, Stephanie A. Blankenstein, Else A. Aalbersberg, Maurits Wondergem, Marcel P.M. Stokkel, Bart A. van de Wiel, W. Martin C. Klop, Alexander C.J. van Akkooi, John B. Haanen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether 18 F-FDG PET/CT can predict histopathological response or recurrence in BRAF -mutated unresectable locally advanced stage III melanoma treated with neoadjuvant BRAF / MEK inhibition followed by resection and the value of PET in detecting early recurrence after resection. Patients and Methods Twenty BRAF -mutated, unresectable stage III melanoma patients received BRAF / MEK inhibitors before surgery. 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed at baseline and 2 and 8 weeks after initiation of therapy. After resection, PET/CT was performed at specific time points during 5 years of follow-up. Pathological response was assessed on the dissection specimen. Response monitoring was measured with SUV max , SUV peak , MATV, and TLG and according to EORTC and PERCIST criteria. Results Pathological response was assessed in 18 patients. Nine patients (50%) had a pathologic complete or near-complete response, and 9 (50%) had a pathologic partial or no response. EORTC or PERCIST response measurements did not correspond with pathologic outcome. SUV max , SUV peak , MATV, and TLG at all time points and absolute or percentage change among the 3 initial time points did not differ between the groups. During follow-up, 8 of 17 patients with R0 resection developed a recurrence, 6 recurrences were detected with imaging only, 4 of which with PET/CT in less than 6 months after surgery. PET parameters before surgery did not predict recurrence. Conclusions Baseline 18 F-FDG PET or PET response in previous unresectable stage III melanoma patients seems not useful to predict pathologic response after neoadjuvant BRAF / MEK inhibitors treatment. However, PET/CT seems valuable in detecting recurrence early after R0 resection.
Rapid and sustained effect of dupilumab on clinical and mechanistic outcomes in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Kathleen M. Buchheit, Aaqib Sohail, Jonathan Hacker, Rie Maurer, Deborah Gakpo, Jillian C. Bensko, Faith Taliaferro, Jose Ordovas-Montanes, Tanya M. Laidlaw
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)