tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of junctional regions between Purkinje and ventricular muscle cells of canine ventricular subendocardium.
Authors: D ARawling, R WJoyner
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The normal cardiac activation sequence requires propagation of the action potential from the subendocardial Purkinje network into the underlying ventricular muscle cells. This process occurs at specific junctional sites distributed over the endocardial surface of both ventricles. At these junctional sites, action potentials can be recorded from cells that appear to be interposed between the Purkinje cells and the ventricular muscle cells. The action potential upstrokes recorded from these  cells have characteristic double phases produced by electrotonic interactions with the Purkinje cells and the ventricular muscle cells. We have shown that these junctional regions in the canine subendocardium appear to be fixed anatomic sites with locations independent of the activation sequence of the Purkinje network. In addition, the activation delay between the Purkinje cells and the ventricular muscle cells at a junctional site and the patterns of the action potential upstrokes of transitional cells a...
The Quality of Quality-of-Life Measurements
Authors: Christoph Hürny
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their critical and controversial appraisal of quality-of-life measurements, Drs Gill and Feinstein<sup>1</sup>recommend the use of global ratings by patients, because this approach can "reflect the disparate values and preferences of individual patients." This argument is particularly important in controlled clinical trials with quality-of-life end points for two reasons. Values and preferences may not just be different among individuals but also change within individuals over time and across different situations (eg, whether they are on or off treatment),<sup>2</sup>and values and preferences may also differ across the multiple cultural and social class groups often involved in clinical trials.<sup>3,4</sup> In a comparative clinical trial, of primary interest is the difference in quality of life between treatments. Quality of life is usually not comprehensively described; rather, treatments are compared with regard to their impact on patients' quality of life. A global rating may be sensitive
Assessing the Distribution of Air Pollution Health Risks within Cities: A Neighborhood-Scale Analysis Leveraging High-Resolution Data Sets in the Bay Area, California
Authors: Veronica A. Southerland, Susan C. Anenberg, Maria Harris, Joshua Apte, Perry Hystad, Aaron van Donkelaar, Randall V. Martin, Matt Beyers, Ananya Roy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

Air pollution-attributable disease burdens reported at global, country, state, or county levels mask potential smaller-scale geographic heterogeneity driven by variation in pollution levels and disease rates. Capturing within-city variation in air pollution health impacts is now possible with high-resolution pollutant concentrations.We quantified neighborhood-level variation in air pollution health risks, comparing results from highly spatially resolved pollutant and disease rate data sets available for the Bay Area, California.We estimated mortality and morbidity attributable to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), and fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] using epidemiologically derived health impact functions. We compared geographic distributions of pollution-attributable risk estimates using concentrations from a) mobile monitoring of NO2 and BC; and b) models predicting annual NO2, BC and PM2.5 concentrations from land-use variables and satellite observations. We also compared results using county vs. census block group (CBG) disease rates.Estimated pollution-attributable deaths per 100,000 people at the 100-m grid-cell level ranged across the Bay Area by a factor of 38, 4, and 5 for NO2 [mean=30 (95% CI: 9, 50)], BC [mean=2 (95% CI: 1, 2)], and PM2.5, [mean=49 (95% CI: 33, 64)]. Applying concentrations from mobile monitoring and land-use regression (LUR) models in Oakland neighborhoods yielded similar spatial patterns of estimated grid-cell-level NO2-attributable mortality rates. Mobile monitoring concentrations captured more heterogeneity [mobile monitoring mean=64 (95% CI: 19, 107) deaths per 100,000 people; LUR mean=101 (95% CI: 30, 167)]. Using CBG-level disease rates instead of county-level disease rates resulted in 15% larger attributable mortality rates for both NO2 and PM2.5, with more spatial heterogeneity at the grid-cell-level [NO2 CBG mean=41 deaths per 100,000 people (95% CI: 12, 68); NO2county mean=38 (95% CI: 11, 64); PM2.5CBG mean=59 (95% CI: 40, 77); and PM2.5county mean=55 (95% CI: 37, 71)].Air pollutant-attributable health burdens varied substantially between neighborhoods, driven by spatial variation in pollutant concentrations and disease rates. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7679.
Endoscopic management of superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: Geoffroy Vanbiervliet, Alan Moss, Marianna Arvanitakis, Urban Arnelo, Torsten Beyna, Olivier Busch, Pierre H. Deprez, Lumir Kunovsky, Alberto Larghi, Gianpiero Manes, Bertrand Napoleon, Kumanan Nalankilli, Manu Nayar, Enrique Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles, Stefan Seewald, Marin Strijker, Marc Barthet, Jeanin E. van Hooft
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Main recommendations 1 ESGE recommends that all duodenal adenomas should be considered for endoscopic resection as progression to invasive carcinoma is highly likely.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 2 ESGE recommends performance of a colonoscopy, if that has not yet been done, in cases of duodenal adenoma. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 3 ESGE recommends the use of the cap-assisted method when the location of the minor and/or major papilla and their relationship to a duodenal adenoma is not clearly established during forward-viewing endoscopy. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 4 ESGE recommends the routine use of a side-viewing endoscope when a laterally spreading adenoma with extension to the minor and/or major papilla is suspected. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 5 ESGE suggests cold snare polypectomy for small (&lt; 6 mm in size) nonmalignant duodenal adenomas. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. 6 ESGE recommends endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) as the first-line endoscopic resection technique for nonmalignant large nonampullary duodenal adenomas.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 7 ESGE recommends that endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for duodenal adenomas is an effective resection technique only in expert hands. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 8 ESGE recommends using techniques that minimize adverse events such as immediate or delayed bleeding or perforation. These may include piecemeal resection, defect closure techniques, noncontact hemostasis, and other emerging techniques, and these should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 9 ESGE recommends endoscopic surveillance 3 months after the index treatment. In cases of no recurrence, a further follow-up endoscopy should be done 1 year later. Thereafter, surveillance intervals should be adapted to the lesion site, en bloc resection status, and initial histological result. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.
Neurogenic electrical responses of single smooth muscle cells of the dog middle cerebral artery.
Authors: HSuzuki, SFujiwara
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Electrical responses induced by perivasascular nerve stimulation were recorded intracellularly from the smooth muscle of dog middle cerebral artery. With nerve stimulation, the muscle membrane produced excitatory junction potential and then a slow hyperpolarization. The excitatory junction potential showed facilitation and the slow hyperpolarization showed depression phenomena, when the nerves were stimulated with twin pulses. Generation of the slow hyperpolarization was associated with an increase in the potassium conductance of the membrane and was suppressed by tetraethylammonium, which depolarized the membrane, reduced the membrane conductance, and increased the amplitude of the excitatory junction potential. Treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine abolished the excitatory junction potential, but not the slow hyperpolarization; the latter was suppressed by tetrodotoxin. The amplitude of slow hyperpolarization was decreased by application of tetraethylammonium or ATP, but was not affected by application of at...
Education, Occupation, and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Neal Devitt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Stern and colleagues<sup>1</sup>propose that "[a]dvanced educational and occupational attainment may also supply a reserve that allows an individual to cope longer before AD [Alzheimer's disease] is clinically expressed." A more parsimonious hypothesis would be that those of lower socioeconomic status are exposed to more environmental insult in life such as pollutants<sup>2</sup>and malnutrition that may cause a global neurological insult that allows the pathological lesion of AD to become clinically manifest at an earlier stage.
Heterogeneous microvascular coronary alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction.
Authors: W MChilian, S MLayne, C LEastham, M LMarcus
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

We tested the hypothesis that humoral or neurogenic alpha-adrenergic activation in the coronary circulation would produce heterogeneous vascular reactions. To accomplish this, the epicardial coronary microcirculation was viewed through an intravital microscope using stroboscopic epi-illumination. Microvascular diameters were measured under control conditions during beta-adrenergic blockade (propranolol 1 mg/kg) and beta-adrenergic blockade with pacing; during coronary alpha-adrenergic activation in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade with three doses of norepinephrine infusion (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0-2.0 micrograms/kg/min) or three frequencies of bilateral stellate nerve stimulation (2, 10, and 20 Hz); and during combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade (phentolamine 2 mg/kg and propranolol 1 mg/kg). Diameters of both arterial and venous vessels were reduced during beta-adrenergic blockade but returned back to baseline with pacing. At the lowest level of norepinephrine infusion or frequency of bilater...
Sustained activation of vascular cells and leukocytes in the rabbit aorta after balloon injury.
Authors: HTanaka, G KSukhova, S JSwanson, S KClinton, PGanz, M ICybulsky, PLibby
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDTo improve understanding of the cellular basis of the arterial response to injury, we tested whether balloon withdrawal can induce certain inflammatory functions of vascular cells and leukocytes and whether such activation persists even after the acute phase of injury.METHODS AND RESULTSWe examined the expression of several inducible cell surface molecules in the rabbit aorta at 2, 5, 10, and 30 days after balloon injury. Longitudinal sections encompassing parts of the uninjured, border, and injured zones were examined for expression of vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens, and markers for smooth muscle cells (SMCs), macrophages, endothelial cells, and T-lymphocytes. Endothelial cell healing involved true endothelial regeneration as well as migration, as shown by nuclear incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine. Luminal endothelial cells at the leading edge of repopulation at each time point expressed VCAM...
Inotropic effects of angiotensin II on human cardiac muscle in vitro.
Authors: C SMoravec, M DSchluchter, LParanandi, BCzerska, R WStewart, ERosenkranz, MBond
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The direct effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on human cardiac muscle were investigated using isolated trabecular muscles from failing and functionally normal hearts. Atrial and ventricular trabeculae were studied. Results demonstrated a positive inotropic effect of Ang II on human cardiac muscle. Comparison of the effects of Ang II among groups indicated that the responsiveness tended to be greater in atrial and normal muscle compared with failing muscle. Results of this study also demonstrated heterogeneity in the responsiveness to Ang II among human muscles, which was not correlated with patient age, sex, diagnosis, prior treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, or heart function. A significant correlation between response to Ang II and response to isoproterenol was demonstrated in failing ventricular trabeculae, which may suggest that defects in beta-adrenergic responsiveness in the failing human ventricle are accompanied by a loss of responsiveness to Ang II. Studies were extended to t...
PET Imaging of Meningioma Using the Novel SSTR-Targeting Peptide 18F-SiTATE
Authors: Marcus Unterrainer, Simon Lindner, Leonie Beyer, Franz J. Gildehaus, Andrei Todica, Lena M. Mittlmeier, Klaus Jurkschat, Carmen Wängler, Bjoern Wängler, Ralf Schirrmacher, Jörg C. Tonn, Nathalie L. Albert, Peter Bartenstein, Harun Ilhan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract PET using 68 Ga-labeled somatostatin receptor (SSTR) ligands adds significant information in meningioma patients. 18 F-SiTATE is a novel, 18 F-labeled SSTR-targeting peptide with remarkable imaging properties. Here, we present a 72-year-old woman with falx meningioma and transosseous extension. 18 F-SiTATE PET/CT was performed 12 months after the previous 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT with comparable quantitative uptake and very good spatial resolution. So far, the widespread use of SSTR ligands for NET and meningioma imaging is hampered by cost-intensive 68 Ge/ 68 Ga generators, low activity amounts, lower spatial resolution, and short half-life. 18 F-SiTATE might foster widespread use of SSTR ligands, overcoming the shortcomings of 68 Ga-labeled ligands.
Angiotensin-(1–7) Attenuates the Development of Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction in Rats
Authors: John McMurray, Andrew P. Davie
Journal: Circulation (2002)

We read with interest the report by Loot et al 1 and the accompanying editorial 2 on the possible role of angiotensin-(1-7) in heart failure and cardiovascular regulation in general.It is also commonly stated (and repeated by Ferrario 2 ) that angiotensin converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors increase angiotensin-(1-7) and that angiotensin-(1-7) may contribute to the actions of ACE inhibitors.We believe that neither of these views may be valid.Although it is true that angiotensin-(1-7) may have pharmacological and even physiological effects in experimental animals, the same cannot be said for humans.We have shown that even high concentrations of angiotensin-(1-7) given by brachial arterial infusion do not cause forearm vasodilatation in patients with chronic heart failure. 3 Neither were we able to show any potentiation of the vasodilator action of bradykinin, as reported in animal studies and discussed by Ferrario. 2 The only other study in humans that we know of showed that high doses of angiotensin-(1-7) actually had a pressor effect, rather than the vasodepressor effect predicted on the basis of experiments in animals. 4 The view that ACE inhibitors increase plasma angiotensin-(1-7) concentrations is based on 1 study in humans. 5 Although that study showed that angiotensin-(1-7) levels were increased by a last dose of captopril at the end of 6 months of treatment with captopril, even that increased level was not as high as the pretreatment level, which was itself unaffected by the first dose of captopril.This was in marked contrast to the effects of captopril on angiotensin I levels.Consequently, we would caution readers that the role of angiotensin-(1-7) both in cardiovascular regulation and in the action of ACE inhibitors is far from clear in humans.What evidence there is suggests that angiotensin-(1-7) may be physiologically and pathophysiologically irrelevant.
Role of ischemia in contrast-induced renal damage: an experimental study.
Authors: GLund, SEinzig, JRysavy, BBorgwardt, ESalomonowitz, ACragg, KAmplatz
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Total and regional cortical blood flow was measured in dogs by the radioactive microsphere technique after renal damage of varying severity had been induced by combining selective injection of diatrizoate, iopamidol, or normal saline with a 10 min occlusion of the renal artery. There was extensive tubular and glomerular damage in the kidneys exposed to diatrizoate, but not in the kidneys exposed to saline. Iopamidol caused intermediate changes. Average cortical blood flow was reduced from baseline levels in all groups 5 min after perfusion was restored. After 1 hr the flow had returned to the baseline level. Analysis of variance did not show a statistically significant difference among the groups. A tendency for redistribution of flow from outer to inner cortical layers was seen, but this was present in all groups. The flow changes detected in this study cannot explain the varying severity of renal damage.
Mechanism of action of EDRF on pressurized arteries: effect on K+ conductance.
Authors: KKauser, W JStekiel, GRubanyi, D RHarder
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Experiments were performed to study the cellular mechanism of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) on vascular smooth muscle. Rat femoral arteries were cannulated and pressurized to 100 mm Hg. Vascular smooth muscle membrane potential (Em) and diameter responses to perfusion with 5 x 10(-6) M acetylcholine (ACh) were measured in vessels precontracted with 5 x 10(-6) M norepinephrine (NE). Hyperpolarization (-35 +/- 1.2 to -66 +/- 2.0 mV) and dilation were observed during ACh administration. Both responses were abolished on removal of the endothelium with collagenase. A bioassay was developed in which two vessel segments from the same artery were connected in series. The downstream vessel was deendothelialized while the endothelium of the upstream vessel remained intact. The protocol used was the same as in the first set of measurements. Hyperpolarization and dilation were observed in both vessels during ACh perfusion. However, when the direction of the perfusate flow in the bioassay system was rever...
Low-level exercise testing after myocardial infarction: usefulness in enhancing clinical risk stratification.
Authors: R JKrone, J AGillespie, F MWeld, J PMiller, A JMoss
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Of 866 patients enrolled in our multicenter study, 667 performed a low-level exercise test early after myocardial infarction, most before discharge. Excluding seven patients who died before the test could be considered, there was a 14% 1 year cardiac mortality in 192 patients who did not take the test (150 for medical and 42 for logistic reasons) compared with 5% in those who did (p less than .0001). Of those who took the test, 12% subsequently underwent bypass grafts surgery compared with 14% of those who did not (p greater than .05). Decreased mortality in the year after the infarction in those taking the test was associated with an increase in blood pressure to 110 mm Hg or higher (3% vs 18%; p less than .001), ability to complete the 9 min test (3% vs 8%; p less than .01), and the absence of couplets (4% vs 13%; p less than .05) or any ventricular ectopic depolarizations (4% vs 7%, p less than .05) before, during, or after exercise. Achievement of a blood pressure of 110 mm Hg or higher during exercis...
Reflex vascular capacity reduction in the dog.
Authors: C FRothe
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The maximum degree and time course of active reflex venoconstriction in chloralose-anesthetized dogs was studied. The mean circulatory filling pressure (Pmc) was measured by fibrillating the heart and rapidly pumping blood from the aorta to the vena cava until the systemic arterial pressure equaled the central venous pressure. Ventricular fibrillation was continued for 1 minute and was assumed to induce maximal sympathetic discharge to the capacity vessels. Blood was removed to maintain the Pmc constant at the level determined at 8 seconds after the start of fibrillation. It was necessary to remove 13.8 ml/kg by the end of 1 minute. After autonomic nervous system blockade by hexamethonium only 4.8 ml/kg were removed to hold the Pmc constant. Thus, in conclusion, the maximal degree of active venoconstriction induced by circulatory arrest was 9.0 ml/kg during the 1st minute of cardiac fibrillation. A basal capacity vessel tone was present, equivalent to 10 ml/kg under the experimental conditions used.
The Erysichthon syndrome. Progression of coronary atherosclerosis and dietary hyperlipidemia.
Authors: D TNash, GGensini, HSimon, TArno, S DNash
Journal: Circulation (1977)

One hundred nineteen patients with coronary artery disease confirmed by coronary arteriograms were studied. Cine coronary arteriography confirmed progression of atherosclerosis in 106 (89%) patients (mean age 50.9 yr) and nonprogression in 13 (11%) patients (mean age 50.3 yr). Progression was defined as follows: any increase to 50% stenosis, 50% to 75% narrowing, 75% to 90%, 90% to 99%, 99% to total occlusion. Only one patient of the 106 who progressed (less than 1%) had ideal values for both cholesterol and triglyceride. Three of 13 patients (23%) who did not progress had ideal lipid values (P less than 0.005). Fifty four of 106 patients who progressed had cholesterol levels greater than or equal to 250 mg%; none of 13 patients who did not progress had such levels (P less than 0.005). Thirty-nine of 98 (40%) patients who progressed had hypertension; only one (8%) who did not progress had hypertension (P less than 0.025). Seventy-four of 96 patients who progressed were smokers (77%); two of 13 nonprogress...
Mutations in <i>BRCA1/2</i> and Other Panel Genes in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer —Association With Patient and Disease Characteristics and Effect on Prognosis
Authors: Peter A. Fasching, Siddhartha Yadav, Chunling Hu, Marius Wunderle, Lothar Häberle, Steven N. Hart, Matthias Rübner, Eric C. Polley, Kun Y. Lee, Rohan D. Gnanaolivu, Peyman Hadji, Hanna Hübner, Hans Tesch, Johannes Ettl, Friedrich Overkamp, Michael P. Lux, Arif B. Ekici, Bernhard Volz, Sabrina Uhrig, Diana Lüftner, Markus Wallwiener, Volkmar Müller, Erik Belleville, Michael Untch, Hans-Christian Kolberg, Matthias W. Beckmann, André Reis, Arndt Hartmann, Wolfgang Janni, Pauline Wimberger, Florin-Andrei Taran, Tanja N. Fehm, Diethelm Wallwiener, Sara Y. Brucker, Andreas Schneeweiss, Andreas D. Hartkopf, Fergus J. Couch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

Among patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), the frequency of germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes and the clinical relevance of these mutations are unclear. In this study, a prospective cohort of patients with mBC was used to determine mutation rates for breast cancer (BC) predisposition genes, to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with mutations, and to assess the influence of mutations on patient outcome.
Dual-functional use of thread delivery hood for traction-assisted rectal endoscopic submucosal dissection and defect closure
Authors: Nobuya Kobayashi, Hideki Kobara, Kazuhiro Kozuka, Naoya Tada, Takanori Matsui, Noriko Nishiyama, Tsutomu Masaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Endoscopic closure of an artificial defect after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is useful in preventing adverse events [1], with several closure methods having been developed [2] [3]. While the use of traction facilitates ESD [4], no devices currently exist that can facilitate both traction and closure. An elastic thread delivery hood (Dual Traction Hood; Adachi Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan and Nomura Medical Device Co., Ltd., Nagano, Japan) that has dual threads with multi-rings inside the cap has been developed for traction use ([Fig. 1]) [5]. We describe a case in which this device was used successfully for traction as well as closure in a rectal ESD ([Video 1]).