tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
White matter-associated microglia: New players in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Kyusik Ahn, Seung-Jae Lee, Inhee Mook-Jung
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2022)

There has been growing interest in brain aging and rejuvenation. It is well known that brain aging is one of the leading causes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, but brain aging alone can cause cognitive decline. Microglia are thought to act as 'conductors' of white matter aging by modulating diverse glial cells and phagocytosing white matter-derived myelin debris. A recent study identified a specific subpopulation of microglia in the white matter of aged mice, termed white matter-associated microglia (WAM). Additionally, senescent microglia show impaired phagocytic function and altered lipid metabolism, which cause accumulation of lipid metabolites and eventually lead to myelin sheath degeneration. These results suggest that senescent WAM could be pivotal players in axonal loss during brain aging. The aim of this review is to assess the current state of knowledge on brain aging, with an emphasis on the roles of the white matter and microglia, and suggest potential approaches for rejuvenating the aged brain.
Pedestrian Fatalities—New Mexico, 1958-1987
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Pedestrian fatalities constitute approximately one seventh of all traffic-related deaths in the United States (1). In addition to the disproportionate numbers of pedestrian fatalities that occur among children and the elderly, minority populations are at increased risk for pedestrian deaths (2-4). In New Mexico, approximately half the population are minority persons--primarily Hispanics and American Indians. Injury fatality rates for these groups are substantially higher than national rates, especially for the state's American Indians (4,5). This report summarizes an analysis by the University of New Mexico School of Medicine of pedestrian fatalities among New Mexico's American Indians, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites.
PRAGUE
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Liam Bourke, Stephen Gilbert, Richard Hooper, et al. Lifestyle Changes for Improving Disease-specific Quality of Life in Sedentary Men on Long-term Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Eur Urol 2014;65:865–72;Re: Daniel A. Galvão, Nigel Spry, James Denham, et al. A Multicentre Year-long Randomised Controlled Trial of Exercise Training Targeting Physical Functioning in Men with Prostate Cancer Previously Treated with Androgen Suppression …
Authors: Sanchia S Goonewardene, Raj Persad, Annie Young, Adel Makar
Journal: European Urology (2014)
The Inglorious Art
Authors: Iacopo Olivotto
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

The Inglorious ArtIn the XII book of the Aeneid, 1 in the fight against king Turnus and the Rutuli, Aeneas is wounded in battle and is taken away from the field, with the tip of an arrow buried in his thigh.He agonizes, not so much for the pain, but because he wants to return to war.Amidst a crowd of fellow soldiers in despair, an old surgeon, Iapiges, comes to his aid; he is skilled and equipped with a prototype of surgical pliers (Figure).With few strokes, Virgil sketches an extraordinary biography of this ancient physician: "Iapiges, son of Iasus, on whom Apollo, captured by ardent love, wanted to bestow his own arts, his gifts, prophecy, the zither and the fast arrows.He, in order to defer the demise of his dying father, preferred the knowledge of the power of herbs and their use in healing and to practice, inglorious, the quiet art."Iapiges is experienced, and profuses all his talents in trying to remove the metal fragment from Aeneas's thigh to provide healing.Yet, he does not succeed: a superior might, Venus, the mother of Aeneas, intervenes by secretly adding miraculous remedies to Iapiges' potion.I am tempted to interpret this as the metaphor of basic science advancing practice.As we have witnessed, COVID-19 can be relieved by medical arts, but can only be cured, or prevented, by science.But let us not divert from our main character, the old surgeon.Iapiges was a man loved by Apollo, who wanted to bestow upon him the mastery of music and performing arts, and the celebrity that goes with it.Indeed, Apollo has a broad portfolio from which to choose his gifts to men: he is god of music, poetry, art, archery, medicine and, in general, of knowledge and science.This, of course, is another metaphor.What is the deep meaning of being loved by Apollo in the classic world?It means being endowed with exceptional natural talents.Borrowing from the ancient Greek, we can deduce that Iapiges was polùtles, "he of many skills and talents," which is how Homer defines Ulysses.Thus, at the time of choosing his profession, Iapiges must have been an intelligent, curious, open-minded, perceptive, sensitive, quick-witted, empathic, dexterous, and hard-working young man.He would have excelled in anything he pursued.He could have been a star.For very personal reasons, ie, to assist his ailing father, Iapiges declined the offer of stardom, and asked Apollo to be granted the art of medicine instead.Notably, Virgil defines it an "in-glorius" choice.This must not be intended in the sense of disgraceful, of course.What he means is that the medical profession is not associated with glory, but rather a gift to be spent discretely, far from the spotlight.This is quite extraordinary, counterintuitive at first sight.Is it because physicians were poorly appreciated in ancient times?Not likely.In various forms, medics
Equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines makes a life-saving difference to all countries
Authors: Yang Ye, Qingpeng Zhang, Xuan Wei, Zhidong Cao, Hsiang-Yu Yuan, Daniel Dajun Zeng
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2022)

Despite broad agreement on the negative consequences of vaccine inequity, the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines is imbalanced. Access to vaccines in high-income countries (HICs) is far greater than in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). As a result, there continue to be high rates of COVID-19 infections and deaths in LMICs. In addition, recent mutant COVID-19 outbreaks may counteract advances in epidemic control and economic recovery in HICs. To explore the consequences of vaccine (in)equity in the face of evolving COVID-19 strains, we examine vaccine allocation strategies using a multistrain metapopulation model. Our results show that vaccine inequity provides only limited and short-term benefits to HICs. Sharper disparities in vaccine allocation between HICs and LMICs lead to earlier and larger outbreaks of new waves. Equitable vaccine allocation strategies, in contrast, substantially curb the spread of new strains. For HICs, making immediate and generous vaccine donations to LMICs is a practical pathway to protect everyone.
Correction: Combination of PPARγ Agonist Pioglitazone and Trabectedin Induce Adipocyte Differentiation to Overcome Trabectedin Resistance in Myxoid Liposarcomas
Authors: Roberta Frapolli, Ezia Bello, Marianna Ponzo, Ilaria Craparotta, Laura Mannarino, Sara Ballabio, Sergio Marchini, Laura Carrassa, Paolo Ubezio, Luca Porcu, Silvia Brich, Roberta Sanfilippo, Paolo Giovanni Casali, Alessandro Gronchi, Silvana Pilotti, Maurizio D'Incalci
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

In the original version of [this article][1] ([1][2]), the accession number was incorrect. The error has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret this error. 1. 1.[↵][3]1. Frapolli R, 2. Bello E, 3. Ponzo M, 4. Craparotta I
Polio Eradication—How Near?
Authors: William H. Foege
Journal: JAMA (1996)

There are rare occasions when a concerted effort may change history in a positive way forever. Eradicating poliomyelitis provides such an opportunity, and every person who has helped in getting a child immunized has participated. How is the world doing in the goal to achieve eradication? Do suggested changes in the US vaccination policy impede that objective? Are we providing sufficient protection to children in this country prior to global eradication? See also p 1639. The article by Chen et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journalprovides reassuring information on the protection of children in the United States. Levels of immunity in inner-city preschoolers were found to be high, consistent with national surveys that show immunization coverage to be the highest this country has ever achieved.<sup>2</sup>While the United States has often been criticized for lagging in immunization coverage of 2-year-old children, the real test of immunization
Cancer Research: The Lessons to Learn from COVID-19
Authors: Chris Bailey, James R.M. Black, Charles Swanton
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2020)

Abstract Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruption of cancer clinical trials due to the restrictions on nonessential services and the reallocation of resources, and at the same time the urgent global effort toward discovering therapies that treat or prevent COVID-19 infection has led to shortening of traditional regulatory timelines. This experience should stimulate similar urgency in the way future cancer research is conducted.
Prednisolone or Pentoxifylline for Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Mark R. Thursz, Paul Richardson, Michael Allison, Andrew Austin, Megan Bowers, Christopher P. Day, Nichola Downs, Dermot Gleeson, Alastair MacGilchrist, Allister Grant, Steven Hood, Steven Masson, Anne McCune, Jane Mellor, John O’Grady, David Patch, Ian Ratcliffe, Paul Roderick, Louise Stanton, Nikhil Vergis, Mark Wright, Stephen Ryder, Ewan H. Forrest
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Alcoholic hepatitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by jaundice and liver impairment that occurs in patients with a history of heavy and prolonged alcohol use. The short-term mortality among patients with severe disease exceeds 30%. Prednisolone and pentoxifylline are both recommended for the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis, but uncertainty about their benefit persists.
Trends in Hospitalization for Serious Infections in children with Asthma in the US (2001-2014)
Authors: Pragya Shrestha, Ashmita Siwakoti, Sergio Chiarella, Timothy Craig
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)

Asthma is associated with an increased risk of infections. However, the rate of hospitalizations for serious infections among children with asthma is not well studied. We examined trends in hospitalizations for serious infections in asthma from 2001-2014 using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS).
Obituaries
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2015–16 Influenza Season
Authors: Lisa A. Grohskopf, Leslie Z. Sokolow, Sonja J. Olsen, Joseph S. Bresee, Karen R. Broder, Ruth A. Karron
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

This report updates the 2014 recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of seasonal influenza vaccines. Updated information for the 2015-16 season includes 1) antigenic composition of U.S. seasonal influenza vaccines; 2) information on influenza vaccine products expected to be available for the 2015-16 season; 3) an updated algorithm for determining the appropriate number of doses for children aged 6 months through 8 years; and 4) recommendations for the use of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) when either is available, including removal of the 2014-15 preferential recommendation for LAIV for healthy children aged 2 through 8 years. Information regarding topics related to influenza vaccination that are not addressed in this report is available in the 2013 ACIP seasonal influenza recommendations.
Cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2020)

Abstract Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different myocardial conditions. Fibrosis may reflect activation of reparative or maladaptive processes. Activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the central cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis, serving as the main source of matrix proteins. Immune cells, vascular cells and cardiomyocytes may also acquire a fibrogenic phenotype under conditions of stress, activating fibroblast populations. Fibrogenic growth factors (such as transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factors), cytokines [including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4], and neurohumoral pathways trigger fibrogenic signalling cascades through binding to surface receptors, and activation of downstream signalling cascades. In addition, matricellular macromolecules are deposited in the remodelling myocardium and regulate matrix assembly, while modulating signal transduction cascades and protease or growth factor activity. Cardiac fibroblasts can also sense mechanical stress through mechanosensitive receptors, ion channels and integrins, activating intracellular fibrogenic cascades that contribute to fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Although subpopulations of fibroblast-like cells may exert important protective actions in both reparative and interstitial/perivascular fibrosis, ultimately fibrotic changes perturb systolic and diastolic function, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias. This review article discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis in various myocardial diseases, including myocardial infarction, heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction, genetic cardiomyopathies, and diabetic heart disease. Development of fibrosis-targeting therapies for patients with myocardial diseases will require not only understanding of the functional pluralism of cardiac fibroblasts and dissection of the molecular basis for fibrotic remodelling, but also appreciation of the pathophysiologic heterogeneity of fibrosis-associated myocardial disease.
2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Joanna C Robson, Peter C Grayson, Cristina Ponte, Ravi Suppiah, Anthea Craven, Andrew Judge, Sara Khalid, Andrew Hutchings, Richard A Watts, Peter A Merkel, Raashid A Luqmani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

To develop and validate revised classification criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).Patients with vasculitis or comparator diseases were recruited into an international cohort. The study proceeded in five phases: (1) identification of candidate criteria items using consensus methodology, (2) prospective collection of candidate items present at the time of diagnosis, (3) data-driven reduction of the number of candidate items, (4) expert panel review of cases to define the reference diagnosis and (5) derivation of a points-based risk score for disease classification in a development set using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression, with subsequent validation of performance characteristics in an independent set of cases and comparators.The development set for GPA consisted of 578 cases of GPA and 652 comparators. The validation set consisted of an additional 146 cases of GPA and 161 comparators. From 91 candidate items, regression analysis identified 26 items for GPA, 10 of which were retained. The final criteria and their weights were as follows: bloody nasal discharge, nasal crusting or sino-nasal congestion (+3); cartilaginous involvement (+2); conductive or sensorineural hearing loss (+1); cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) or anti-proteinase 3 ANCA positivity (+5); pulmonary nodules, mass or cavitation on chest imaging (+2); granuloma or giant cells on biopsy (+2); inflammation or consolidation of the nasal/paranasal sinuses on imaging (+1); pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (+1); perinuclear ANCA or antimyeloperoxidase ANCA positivity (-1); and eosinophil count ≥1×109 /L (-4). After excluding mimics of vasculitis, a patient with a diagnosis of small- or medium-vessel vasculitis could be classified as having GPA if the cumulative score was ≥5 points. When these criteria were tested in the validation data set, the sensitivity was 93% (95% CI 87% to 96%) and the specificity was 94% (95% CI 89% to 97%).The 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria for GPA demonstrate strong performance characteristics and are validated for use in research.
Severe COVID-19 in pregnancy is almost exclusively limited to unvaccinated women – time for policies to change
Authors: Hilde Engjom, Thomas van den Akker, Anna Aabakke, Outi Ayras, Kitty Bloemenkamp, Serena Donati, Danilo Cereda, Evelien Overtoom, Marian Knight
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2022)
Beyond MICRA: New Ideas for Liability Reform
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

The existing medical liability system does not work. It does not deter negligence, provide timely compensation to injured persons, or resolve disputes fairly. Studies show that a large percentage of injured patients are not compensated and that physicians feel vulnerable to a lawsuit whether or not they practice high-quality medicine. The arbitrariness and inefficiency of the system disrupts the physician-patient relationship, increases health care costs, and, in some cases, hurts access to care. As a result, comprehensive changes to the liability system must be made. The American College of Physicians makes the following recommendations. 1. Congress should immediately pass the tort reforms contained in the California Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act (MICRA), particularly caps on noneconomic damages, as necessary short-term changes to a flawed system. 2. Federal legislation should be enacted that overturns recent court decisions that have relied on the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, a federal law that regulates pensions and other benefit plans, to bar plaintiffs from suing their health plan for negligence if the plan's benefits or treatment decisions lead to an injury. 3. Demonstration projects should be created and funded to examine the feasibility of using a set of caps for noneconomic damage awards that are based on the severity of injury suffered and the injured party's age. A set of caps could be seen as fairer to injured persons than flat caps but would still protect physicians from unlimited awards. 4. Demonstration projects should be authorized and funded to test enterprise liability and no-fault systems. These systems could take many forms, including administrative approaches; lists of accelerated compensation events; "early offer of settlement" approaches; and organizational liability for health plans, hospitals, or health systems. Such long-term reforms are consistent with trends in health care delivery and are necessary to promote quality of care, compensate injured persons, and protect physicians.
MUON: multimodal omics analysis framework
Authors: Danila Bredikhin, Ilia Kats, Oliver Stegle
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Advances in multi-omics have led to an explosion of multimodal datasets to address questions from basic biology to translation. While these data provide novel opportunities for discovery, they also pose management and analysis challenges, thus motivating the development of tailored computational solutions. Here, we present a data standard and an analysis framework for multi-omics, MUON, designed to organise, analyse, visualise, and exchange multimodal data. MUON stores multimodal data in an efficient yet flexible and interoperable data structure. MUON enables a versatile range of analyses, from data preprocessing to flexible multi-omics alignment.
Leads from the MMWR. Tuberculosis--United States, 1985
Journal: JAMA (1986)

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