tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is the new WHO definition of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis easy to apply in practice?
Authors: Riccardo Alagna, Andrea Maurizio Cabibbe, Paolo Miotto, Francesca Saluzzo, Claudio Umberto Köser, Stefan Niemann, Sebastien Gagneux, Camilla Rodrigues, Paola Vittoria Maria Rancoita, Daniela Maria Cirillo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>The new definition of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis endorsed by WHO poses some challenges that must be addressed in a coordinated fashion by researchers, TB control stakeholders and assay developers</b>https://bit.ly/3eAMU8B
Abstract 252: Chronic Relaxin Treatment Does Not Augment Angiotensin II Induced Aortic Pathologies in Mice
Authors: Maya Dajee, Douglas G Johns, Deborah A Howatt, Anju Balakrishnan, Michael Seganish, Valdeci Da Cunha, Jessica J Moorleghen, Hong Lu
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Introduction: Human relaxin is being tested clinically as an acute treatment for heart failure. The effects of relaxin on extracellular matrix remodeling, among several mechanisms, may provide myocardial benefit, however, the effects of relaxin on vascular extracellular matrix-related pathology has not been examined. Human aortic aneurysm is characterized by extracellular remodeling, as well as inflammation, thrombus formation and rupture. Studying relaxin in a model of aortic aneurysm might provide insight into mechanisms of the disease but also will assess whether such agents impact the incidence/severity of aortic aneurysms (AA). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the effects of relaxin, an anti-fibrotic agent, on angiotensin II (AngII)-induced AA, which is characterized by enhanced activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); additionally this model mimics human pathology. Methods and Results: Vehicle or relaxin was co-infused with AngII (1.44 mg/kg/d) in either C57BL/6 mice or apoE null mice through mini osmotic pumps for 28 days. Dose-dependent plasma relaxin concentrations were noted (12-60ng/ml). Relaxin did not augment AngII-induced aortic rupture rate, the most severe consequence of AA. Maximal ex vivo diameters of suprarenal aortas were measured for abdominal aortic dilation, and ascending aortic area was measured using an en face method to determine ascending aortic dilation. Maximal aortic diameter of suprarenal aortas did not show significant difference in relaxin and AngII infused mice with either mouse strain. Relaxin also had no effect on ascending aortic dilation in both mouse strains. Conclusion: Chronic relaxin infusion for 28days does not augment aortic aneurysms in AngII-infused mice, suggesting relaxin might not impact other matrix-dependent vascular pathologies, if used as a treatment for heart failure, although additional studies are warranted. Ongoing studies interrogate the potential benefits of molecular mechanisms of relaxin response in the AngII-induced aortic pathologies.
Trajectories of adiposity indicators and association with asthma and lung function in urban minority children
Authors: Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, Stephanie J. Lussier, Agustin Calatroni, Peter J. Gergen, Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, Leonard B. Bacharier, Aliva De, George T. O’Connor, Megan T. Sandel, Robert A. Wood, Emilio Arteaga-Solis, James E. Gern, Meyer Kattan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Does Beta-blocker Therapy Improves Cardiovascular Outcomes of Patients Who Have Undergone Percutaneous Coronary Intervention?
Authors: Ozasa Neiko, Morimoto Takeshi, Bao Bingyuan, Tada Tomohisa, Tazaki Junichi, Shiomi Hiroki, Tokushige Akihiro, Natsuaki Masahiro, Kimura Takeshi
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Nonrecurrence Rate of Underwater EMR for ≤20-mm Nonampullary Duodenal Adenomas: A Multicenter Prospective Study (D-UEMR Study)
Authors: Yasushi Yamasaki, Noriya Uedo, Takuji Akamatsu, Tomo Kagawa, Reiji Higashi, Osamu Dohi, Masanori Furukawa, Yu Takahashi, Takuya Inoue, Shouichi Tanaka, Ryuta Takenaka, Mikitaka Iguchi, Takuji Kawamura, Takao Tsuzuki, Tomoaki Yamasaki, Takeshi Yamashina, Junichiro Nasu, Tomohiko Mannami, Atsushi Yamauchi, Kazuhiro Matsueda, Shigeyuki Aizawa, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Hiroyuki Okada
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2013 update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
Authors: Morie A. Gertz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Disease Overview Immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain amyloidosis is a clonal, nonproliferative plasma cell disorder in which fragments of Ig light chain are deposited in tissues. Clinical features depend on organs involved but can include restrictive cardiomyopathy, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic failure, peripheral/autonomic neuropathy, and atypical multiple myeloma. Diagnosis Tissue biopsy stained with Congo red demonstrating amyloid deposits with apple‐green birefringence is required for diagnosis. Invasive organ biopsy is not required because amyloid deposits can be found in bone marrow biopsy or subcutaneous fat aspirate in 85% of patients. Verification that amyloid is of immunoglobulin origin is mandatory. Prognosis N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), serum troponin T, and immunoglobulin free light chain values are used to classify patients into four groups of similar size; median survivals are 94.1, 40.3, 14.0, and 5.8 months. Therapy All patients with a visceral amyloid syndrome require therapy to prevent deposition of amyloid in other viscera and prevent progressive organ failure of involved sites. Stem cell transplant (SCT) is preferred, but only 20% of patients are eligible. Requirements for safe SCT include NT‐proBNP &lt;5,000 ng/mL, troponin T &lt; 0.06 ng/mL, age &lt;70 years, &lt;3 organs involved, and serum creatinine ≤1.7 mg/dL. Nontransplant candidates can be offered melphalan‐dexamethasone. Pomalidomide appears to have activity, as do other combinations of chemotherapy with agents such as cyclophosphamide‐thalidomide (or lenalidomide or bortezomib)‐dexamethasone, bortezomib‐dexamethasone, and melphalan‐prednisone‐lenalidomide. Future Challenges Late diagnosis remains a major obstacle to initiating effective therapy when organ dysfunction is still recoverable. Recognizing the presenting syndromes is necessary for improving survival. Am. J. Hematol. 88:417–425, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EANO guideline on the diagnosis and management of meningiomas
Authors: Roland Goldbrunner, Pantelis Stavrinou, Michael D Jenkinson, Felix Sahm, Christian Mawrin, Damien C Weber, Matthias Preusser, Giuseppe Minniti, Morten Lund-Johansen, Florence Lefranc, Emanuel Houdart, Kita Sallabanda, Emilie Le Rhun, David Nieuwenhuizen, Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Riccardo Soffietti, Michael Weller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors. Yet, only few controlled clinical trials have been conducted to guide clinical decision making, resulting in variations of management approaches across countries and centers. However, recent advances in molecular genetics and clinical trial results help to refine the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to meningioma. Accordingly, the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) updated its recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of meningiomas. A provisional diagnosis of meningioma is typically made by neuroimaging, mostly magnetic resonance imaging. Such provisional diagnoses may be made incidentally. Accordingly, a significant proportion of meningiomas, notably in patients that are asymptomatic or elderly or both, may be managed by a watch-and-scan strategy. A surgical intervention with tissue, commonly with the goal of gross total resection, is required for the definitive diagnosis according to the WHO classification. A role for molecular profiling including gene panel sequencing and genomic methylation profiling is emerging. A gross total surgical resection including the involved dura is often curative. Inoperable or recurrent tumors requiring treatment can be treated with radiosurgery, if the size or the vicinity of critical structures allows that, or with fractionated radiotherapy (RT). Treatment concepts combining surgery and radiosurgery or fractionated RT are increasingly used, although there remain controversies regard timing, type, and dosing of the various RT approaches. Radionuclide therapy targeting somatostatin receptors is an experimental approach, as are all approaches of systemic pharmacotherapy. The best albeit modest results with pharmacotherapy have been obtained with bevacizumab or multikinase inhibitors targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, but no standard of care systemic treatment has been yet defined.
Abstract 311: Trajectory of Risk-Standardized Survival Rates for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Abdul H Qazi, Yunshu Zhou, Paul Chan, Saket Girotra
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Risk-standardized survival rate (RSSR) for in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has emerged as an important metric to measure and incentivize resuscitation quality at a hospital-level. We examined whether hospital performance on the RSSR metric was generally stable year-over-year. Methods: We used data from 81,795 adult patients with an IHCA from 163 hospitals with continuous participation in Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation from 2012 to 2017. A two-level hierarchical regression model was used to compute RSSRs for 2 time intervals (baseline: 2012-13; follow-up: 2014-17). Hospitals were classified as top-, middle- and bottom-performing if they ranked in the top 25%, middle 50%, and bottom 25% on the RSSR metric during 2012-2013. We examined the trajectory of top, middle, and bottom-performing hospitals’ RSSR during 2014-2017 (follow-up). Results: During 2012-2013, 41 hospitals were identified as top-performing (median RSSR 31.9%), 81 as middle-performing (median RSSR 24.9%) and 41 as bottom-performing (median RSSR 18.5%). During 2014-2017, more than 3/4 th (75.6%) of top-performing hospitals remained in the top 50% and 53.7% remained in the top 25% (Table). In contrast, most (81.5%) bottom-performing hospitals ranked in the bottom 50%, and 56.1% remained in the bottom 25% during 2014-2017. Performance of middle-performing hospitals on the RSSR metric was variable. Importantly, rankings improved by at least 1 quartile ( &gt; 25 percentile points) at 26.8% and by at least 2 quartiles ( &gt; 50 percentile points) at 12.2% bottom-performing hospitals (Table). Likewise, rankings at 31.7% and 19.5% of top-performing hospitals worsened by at least 25 and 50 percentile points during 2014-2017, respectively. Conclusion: Hospital performance on RSSR during a baseline period was generally consistent with their performance during follow up. However, percentile rankings changed markedly over time at a small proportion of top- and bottom-performing hospitals.
Abstract 265: Deterioration of Hemodynamic Support During Prolonged Mechanical CPR in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Shannon E Allen, Samantha Ang, Cody Smith, George Techiryan, John M Canty, Brian R Weil
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Although mechanical CPR devices provide automated delivery of fixed depth chest compressions, the consistency of hemodynamic support during prolonged resuscitation efforts is unclear, particularly in the absence of concomitant vasopressor treatment. In light of recent concerns regarding potentially harmful effects of epinephrine, we evaluated the hemodynamic support generated by 20 min of mechanical CPR without concurrent vasopressor administration in a porcine model of cardiac arrest (CA). Methods: Swine (n=10) were subjected to 7-8 min of CA following electrical induction of ventricular fibrillation. CPR was subsequently performed for 20 min using a mechanical compression system (LUCAS 3.1, Stryker) programmed to administer 102 compressions/min at a fixed depth of 2.1 inches. Aortic pressure (Ao), coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), and cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO 2 ; near-infrared spectroscopy) were continuously recorded. Results were compared to a separate group of swine (n=11) that received manual CPR with a compression rate of 100/min and depth necessary to achieve peak Ao of 100 mmHg. Results: Initially, mechanical CPR generated significantly higher peak Ao and CPP vs. manual CPR ( Figure ). However, by 4 min CPR, peak Ao and CPP were no longer different between groups. Both parameters continued to decline in the mechanical CPR group but remained stable in animals receiving manual CPR. Cerebral rSO 2 values fell from 57±2 % at baseline to 42±4 % during CA (p&lt;0.01) but were not significantly improved by mechanical or manual CPR. Conclusion: The superior hemodynamic support initially offered by mechanical CPR deteriorates during prolonged CPR when pharmacologic vasopressor support is absent. These results demonstrate that a fixed compression depth does not necessarily produce consistent hemodynamic support and suggest that concomitant vasopressor administration may be necessary to sustain Ao and CPP during prolonged mechanical CPR.
Abstract 31: First Trimester Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular Cells (FTM HUCPVCs) Show Superior Angiogenic Potential in Angiogenic Potency Assays When Compared to Term HUCPVCs and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Farwah Iqbal, Peter Szaraz, Jun Wu, Andree Gauthier-Fisher, Ren-Ke Li, Clifford Librach
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Introduction: Cell therapy employing pro-angiogenic cell types is a promising option for promoting revascularization of ischemic tissues. First trimester human umbilical cord perivascular cells (FTM HUCPVCs) are a young source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that support blood vessels in the umbilical cord. Objective: We aimed to determine the angiogenic potential of FTM HUCPVCs using angiogenic potency assays and compare to older sources of MSCs: term HUCPVCs and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Methods: For the aortic ring assay, aortas were sectioned and embedded into Matrigel™. Fluorophore-labeled MSCs for testing were added to developing endothelial networks (Day0). MSC integration and network development were monitored by microscopy and quantification of endothelial networks was performed using ImageJ™ software (Day4) n=3. Using the Matrigel™ plug assay, 5.0 x10 5 MSCs were suspended with equal volumes of Matrigel™ and injected subcutaneously in 11-week-old nude mice and isolated after two weeks. Plug associated microvasculature was imaged and quantified n=3. Results: In the aortic ring assay, FTM HUCPVCs homed to endothelial networks and demonstrated greater endothelial cell coverage, when compared to term HUCPVCs and BMSCs. FTM HUCPVCs showed significantly greater network growth when compared to term HUCPVCs ( p ≤0.001), BMSCs ( p ≤0.001) and untreated endothelial networks ( p ≤0.001). FTM HUCPVC contributed to a significantly greater number of closed loops when compared to term HUCPVCs ( p ≤0.01), BMSCs ( p ≤0.001) and untreated networks ( p ≤0.05). At two weeks following injection of Matrigel plugs, FTM HUCPVC resulted in significantly greater blood vessel recruitment when compared to term HUCPVCs ( p ≤0.05), BMSCs ( p ≤0.01) and control media plugs ( p ≤0.01). Small tortuous blood vessels were found in significantly higher quantity in FTM HUCPVC injected plugs when compared to term HUCPVCs ( p ≤0.05), BMSCs (p ≤0.01) and media plugs ( p ≤0.001). Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that FTM HUCPVCs have superior potential to augment, both the initiation of capillary formation and the development of functional, perfusable blood vessels, highlighting their potential for tissue regeneration following ischemic injury.
Use of r packages “revtools” and “litsearchr” for automated keyword extraction to support building systematic medline searches in covid-19
Authors: N. Dauletbaev, S. Kuhn, S. Holtz, S. Waldmann, C. Bellinghausen, M. Dreher, B. Muller, G. Rohde, C. Vogelmeier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Rationale: COVID-19 has triggered significant research activities worldwide, leading to an immense number of scientific publications in the MEDLINE. Given the high publication volume, proper combinations of structured subject headings (MeSH) and keywords are required to narrow down the search within the COVID-19 literature to the most relevant subtopic. Manual keyword selection is time-consuming and may not always be feasible. The recent text mining algorithms permit automated extraction of keywords from publications identified during pilot reference searches. It is not clear, though, whether automated keyword extraction would be useful if carried out on the pilot reference sample without prior enrichment for the COVID-19 subtopic of interest. This was addressed in the present study. Methods: A non-comprehensive MEDLINE search on the subtopic “Digital telemedicine in COVID-19” was conducted to obtain a pilot reference sample. Without manual enrichment for pertinent publications, keywords from this reference sample were extracted using two R packages, “revtools” (utilizes topic models and weighed keyword ranking) and “litsearchr” (utilizes keyword co-occurrence networks). In parallel, a manual systematic MEDLINE search strategy (MeSH concepts and headings, and manually-selected keywords, the total of 75 terms) was designed on the above topic as per PICO criteria and expert discussions. The automatically extracted keywords were then compared with the terms in manual MEDLINE search strategy. Results: The “revtools” package extracted 150 keywords from the “non-enriched” pilot reference sample. Of those, 12 (8%) keywords (either individual words or phrases) overlapped with the terms already present in the manual MEDLINE search strategy. This extraction also yielded 3 unique keywords useful to augment the manual search strategy. The “litsearchr” package extracted 203 keywords. Of those, 4 (1.97%) overlapped with the terms in the manual MEDLINE search strategy. In addition, 4 unique phrases extracted by this package were found useful for the manual search strategy. The automatically extracted and useful keywords (respectively, 3 and 4) were unique for each package. Conclusions: Automated keyword extraction, despite parallel utilization of different algorithms, cannot yet fully replace an expert-built manual MEDLINE search strategy on COVID-19. Yet this extraction, even if conducted on a non-comprehensive and non-enriched reference sample, can augment the manual search. Automated extraction from the reference sample enriched for the COVID-19 subtopic of interest may further increase the yield of useful keywords.
Abstract 42: Alternative Autophagy Plays a Role in the Effect of RAS-inhibition on Arterial Senescence and Arteriosclerosis
Authors: Yoshiyuki Ikeda, Masaaki Iwabayashi, Yuichi Sasaki, Yuichi Akasaki, Koji Higuchi, Masaaki Miyata, Mitsuru Ohishi
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Background: Autophagy is a system to maintain cell homeostasis. Besides the conventional form of autophagy (CA) depending on LC3, the presence of an alternative form of autophagy (AA) depending on Ulk1 and Rab9 has recently been reported. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAS) signal accelerates arterial senescence and develops arteriosclerosis. Whereas inhibition of RAS signal retards arterial senescence and arteriosclerosis, it remains to be elucidated how autophagy is involved in the effect of RAS-inhibition on arterial senescence and arteriosclerosis. Methods: We used double knockout mice (DKO) of angiotensin II type Ia receptor KO and apolipoprotein E KO (apoE KO). Aortic senility and atherosclerotic lesions were measured using senescence associated beta galactosidase (SA-beta Gal) and Oil Red O staining, respectively. Molecular analysis was also performed. Results: The degree of aortic senescence and atherosclerotic lesions in DKO were significantly lower than those of apoE KO, although there was no significant difference in serum lipids profile between them. Aortic expressions of p21 and PAI-1, the level of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial function and the amount of damaged mitochondria in DKO were significantly lower than in apoE KO. These results suggest that RAS-inhibition retards arterial senescence and arteriosclerosis possibly through the mitochondrial quality control. Whereas electron microscopic analysis revealed the number of autophagosome containing mitochondria are higher in DKO than in apoE KO, there was no difference in the ration of LC3II/LC3I between them, suggesting that CA is not involved in this model. On the other hand, aortic expressions of the ratio of p-Ulk1 at Ser555/total Ulk1 and Rab9 were significantly higher in DKO than apoE KO, suggesting that AA is induced in DKO. Conclusion: Alternative autophagy, but not conventional autophagy, plays a crucial role in the effect of RAS-inhibition on arterial senescence and arteriosclerosis.
Abstract 136: Activated Factor IX - Antithrombin Complex Predicts Outcome After Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Reidun Aarsetoey, Hugo ten Cate, Henri M Spronk, Rene van Oerle, Hildegunn Aarsetoey, Thomas W Lindner, Harry Staines, Dennis W Nilsen
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are associated with activated coagulation and impairment of end-organ perfusion. Activated factor IX (FIXa) is part of the intrinsic coagulation system. FIX may also be activated by extrinsic tenase (tissue factor/activated factor VII), as well as through the intrinsic pathway, which may include thrombin-induced activation of factor XI, by which thrombin generation is sustained. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the level of activated factor IX -antithrombin (FIXa-AT) complex, as a measure of coagulation activation, would be of prognostic value in SCA patients. Methods: From February 2007 until December 2010 blood samples in EDTA tubes were collected during or closely after termination of CPR from patients aged &gt; 18 years with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) of assumed cardiac origin. Survivors had follow-up samples drawn 8-12 hours and 24-48 hours after admission. FIXa-AT was determined by ELISA. Patients were divided into quartiles (Q1-4) by FIXa-AT levels. Cox regression was used for analysis of death within 30 days. Results: A total of 115 OHCA patients were included. Of these, 71 patients (61,7%) died, of whom 35 died on scene and 36 in-hospital. Early-on FIXa-AT complex levels in the higher quartiles as compared to the lowest were significantly associated with increased risk of death (Figure 1). The hazard ratio (HR) for Q4 patients compared to Q1 was 6.79, (95% CI 2.04-22.61); p = 0.002, for Q3 4.48 (95% CI 1.33-15.16); p = 0,016, and for Q2 3.48 (95% CI 1.01-11.95); p = 0.048. Mean log e (FIXa-AT) in hospitalized non-survivors were higher than in survivors; 8-12 hours (p = 0.002) and 24-48 hours (p = 0.008). There was a positive correlation between the duration of advanced CPR and log e (FIXa-AT), r = 0.24, p = 0.012. Conclusion: Early-on FIXa-AT complex predicts 30-day mortality in OHCA-patients. Prolonged resuscitation seems to be associated with increased coagulation activation.