tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of gut microbial transfer and their association with cognitive impairment in long-term survivors of testicular germ cell tumors.
Authors: Michal Chovanec, Katarina Kalavska, Jana Obertova, Patrik Palacka, Katarina Rejlekova, Zuzana Sycova-Mila, Valentina De Angelis, Zuzana Orszaghova, Peter Lesko, Daniela Svetlovska, Beata Mladosievicova, Jozef Mardiak, Michal Pastorek, Barbora Vlkova, Peter Celec, Michal Mego
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

426 Background: Survivors of testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) may suffer from long-term cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that disruption of intestinal barrier during chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be a contributing factor of cognitive dysfunction within the gut-blood-brain axis. Methods: GCT survivors (N = 142) from National Cancer Institute of Slovakia completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Cognitive Function questionnaires during their annual follow-up visit at 9-year median (range 4-32). Biomarkers of gut microbial transfer and dysbiosis (GMT) high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), d-lactate and sCD14 were measured from peripheral blood obtained during the same visit. Each questionnaire score was correlated with biomarkers of GMT. Survivors were treated with orchiectomy only (N = 17), cisplatin-based chemotherapy (N = 108), radiotherapy to the retroperitoneum (N = 11) or both (N = 6). Results: GCT survivors with higher sCD14 had worse cognitive function perceived by others (CogOth domain) (mean ± SEM; 14.6 ± 0.25 vs 15.4 ± 0.25, p = 0.019), lower perceived cognitive abilities (CogPCA domain) (20.0 ± 0.74 vs 23.4 ± 0.73, p = 0.025) and lower overal cognitive function score (109.2 ± 0.74 vs 116.7 ± 1.90, p = 0.021). There were no significant cognitive declines associated with HMGB-1, d-lactate and LPS. Survivors treated with ≥ 400mg/m2 of cisplatin based chemotherapy had higher LPS (567.8 ± 42.7 vs 462.9 ± 51.9, P = 0.03). Survivors treated with chemotherapy + radiotherapy vs orchiectomy only had non-significantly higher sCD14 (7279.9 ± 810.1 vs 5851.0 ± 481.7, P = 0.09). Conclusions: sCD14 may serve as a promising biomarker of cognitive impairment in long-term cancer survivors. While chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced intestinal injury may be the underlying mechanism, further research using animal models and larger patient cohorts are needed to explore the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in GCT survivors.
Domperidone
Authors: J Leeser, D N Bateman
Journal: BMJ (1985)

extra cost of performing tests on an emergency basis.We consider that the incremental cost of such tests should be passed on to the requesting clinician.In this way there would be greater awareness of the additional costs entailed in performing such emergency tests.Clinicians would then be encouraged to judge whether a request could be delayed and incorporated into the routine work of the laboratory concerned.
Influenza virus infection history shapes antibody responses to influenza vaccination
Authors: Maria Auladell, Hoang Vu Mai Phuong, Le Thi Quynh Mai, Yeu-Yang Tseng, Louise Carolan, Sam Wilks, Pham Quang Thai, David Price, Nguyen Thanh Duong, Nguyen Le Khang Hang, Le Thi Thanh, Nguyen Thi Hong Thuong, Tran Thi Kieu Huong, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep, Vu Thi Ngoc Bich, Arseniy Khvorov, Luca Hensen, Tran Nhu Duong, Katherine Kedzierska, Dang Duc Anh, Heiman Wertheim, Scott D. Boyd, Kim L. Good-Jacobson, Derek Smith, Ian Barr, Sheena Sullivan, H. Rogier van Doorn, Annette Fox
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Abstract 223: Pilot Study of s Rewarming Rate of 0.15c/h vs. 0.25c/h and Outcome in Post Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Minjung K Chae, Eunhye Cho, Eunjung Park, Seung Eun Lee, Eunsom Cho
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes may occur during the rewarming phase of targeted temperature management (TTM) of post cardiac arrest patients. Yet, studies of different rewarming rates and patient outcomes are limited. The researchers would like to perform a pilot study to investigate post cardiac arrest patients, who were rewarmed with different rewarming rates after 24 hours of hypothermia and their association to neurologic outcomes. Method: The researchers investigated post cardiac arrest patients treated with TTM and rewarmed with a rewarming rate of 0.15°C/h and 0.25°C/h. The association of rewarming rate and poor neurologic outcome(CPC3-5) was investigated. Result: A total of 63 patients were analyzed (0.15°C/h N=33, 0.25/h N=30). When comparing the neurologic outcomes of 0.15°C/h versus 0.25°C/h, the neurologic outcome did not significantly differ between the two rewarming rates (22(66.7) vs. 20 (66.7), p=1.00). Rewarming rate of 0.15°C/h was not associated with one-month neurologic outcomes, after adjusting confounding factors in the multivariate analysis (OR 1.19 (0.31-4.54), p=0.80). Conclusion: Although the sample size was limited, findings of this pilot study showed that rewarming rates of 0.15°C/h and 0.25°C/h were not associated with different neurologic outcomes in the post cardiac arrest patients.
Occupational asthma.
Authors: A J Newman Taylor
Journal: Thorax (1980)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of focal epilepsy. An increasingly identified subset of patients with TLE consists of those who show bilaterally independent temporal lobe involvement during seizures. Bilateral TLE (BiTLE) remains understudied, likely due to its complex underlying pathophysiology and heterogeneous clinical presentation. In this study, using a multicenter resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) dataset, we constructed whole brain functional networks of 19 patients with BiTLE, and compared them to those of 75 patients with unilateral TLE (UTLE). We quantified resting-state, whole-brain topological properties using metrics derived from network theory, including clustering coefficient, global efficiency, participation coefficient, and modularity. For each metric, we computed an average across all brain regions, and iterated this process across network densities ranging from 0.10-0.50. Curves of network density versus each network metric were compared between groups. Finally, we derived a combined metric, which we term the “integration-segregation axis”, by combining whole brain average clustering coefficient and global efficiency curves and applying principal component analysis (PCA)-based dimensionality reduction. Compared to UTLE, BiTLE had decreased global efficiency (p=0.026), increased whole brain average clustering coefficient (p=0.035), and decreased whole brain average participation coefficient across a range of network densities (p=0.001). Modularity maximization yielded a larger number of smaller communities in BiTLE than in UTLE (p=0.016). Differences in network properties separate BiTLE and UTLE along the integration-segregation axis: 68% of patients with BiTLE were identified within the high segregation region, while only 41% of the UTLE patients were identified in the same region (p=0.042). Along the integration-segregation axis, UTLE patients with poor surgical outcomes were more similar to BiTLE than those with good surgical outcomes (p=0.72). Increased interictal whole brain network segregation, as measured by rs-fMRI, is specific to BiTLE, and may assist in non-invasively identifying this patient population prior to intracranial EEG or device implantation.
Gastroenterological Society of Australia
Journal: Gut (1963)

would have occurred.The conclusion is inescapable that in this series there has been no substantially increased risk of gastric carcinoma.THE PROGNOSIS OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS J. E. TRAPNELL (Bristol) Two hundred and ninety cases of acute pancreatitis collected from hospitals in the Bristol clinical area were analysed; all cases for 1950 onwards were included.The follow-up period for each case was up to the present time or until death.An assessment was made of age, severity of specific attack, significance of past history, presence or absence of gall stones or other aetiological factors, and the effect of different medical and surgical treatments. MUCOVISCIDOSIS IN ADULTSB. G. ALTON (Dublin) This study of adult mucoviscidosis followed the discovery of some adult malabsorption cases which could only be attributed to mucoviscidosis.It was felt that if one were to accept the American statistics that up to 20 % of the population could be heterozygous mucoviscidotics, then there were probably many more undiscovered cases in the community.For the past two years, a survey was carried out using the most likely sources, i.e., young adults with either unexplained mal- absorption or bronchopulmonary disease, mainly patients from the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin.STUDIES ON PANCREATICO-DUODENAL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION L. R. DE JODE (London) A technique of pancreatic homotransplantation in dogs was described.Exocrine function was studied during the period before rejection using a duodenal conduit for the collection of pancreatic juice.Raised blood glucose levels in dogs that had been subjected to pancreatectomy declined to normal values after successful transplantation.Histological changes of rejection were studied by serial biopsy or by excision of the transplant.HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF INTESTINAL BIOPSIES L. FRY and R. M. H. MCMINN (London) Biopsies were obtained by means of the Crosby capsule from the duodenum or proximal jejunum of 45 children and adults, of whom 20 had coeliac disease or idiopathic steatorrhoea,
Choledochoduodenostomy
Authors: W. M. Capper
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Because of heavy pressure on our space, correspondents are asked to keep their letters short.Vaccine Against' Poliomyelitis SIR,-YOur issue of June 1 may be kept in gilded covers, for in it the report of the Poliomyelitis Vaccines Committee of the Medical Research Council is published (p. 1271),and, with the cool objectivity of a scientific survey of this nature, the dawn is announced of the day which will see new epi- demics of paralytic poliomyelitis no more.Among the 148,684 children from 1 to 9 years of age who received two injections of the British-prepared (Glaxo) vaccine within less than three weeks 2.7 per 100,000 suffered from paralytic poliomyelitis, whereas among the non-vaccinated over 14 per 100,000 were affected.These figures from the well-planned trial may be com- pared with those included in the report on the 1956 polio- myelitis outbreak in Chicago' submitted by the Chicago Board of Health.Both the British and the Chicago analyses show that no paralytic poliomyelitis occurring in vaccinated children had any connexion with the vaccination, as paralysis did not occur in the inoculated limb.From June 28 to October 4, 1956, Chicago had 1,111 cases of confirmed poliomyelitis of which 835 were paralytic.During the spreading of the epidemic vaccination was intensified, and by the first week of October, of the 1,150,000 children in Chicago up to 191 years of age, 125,000 had had no inocula-
On Locomotor Ataxy
Authors: J. L. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1869)

4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~agreement ceases.In the one case, the further evolution of the brood is towards pus; in the other instance, the progeny become the formed elementary tissues of a cancer, a sarcoma, and the like.Here seems to me to be the proper place to add a few words on the anatomy of conical cornea, since certainly, in its later stages, when the apex of the cone is nebulous, if not before, tissue-changes of an inflam- matory or irritative type are present.The affection is commonly met with in young adults, who are generally of feeble constitution; and it usually affects both eyes, although often in unequal degrees.By the
Abstract 17187: The Association of Longitudinal Patterns of Metabolic Syndrome With Elevated hs-cTnT: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Rachit M Vakil, Tolulope Adesiyun, Lucia Kwak, Kavita Sharma, Vijay Nambi, Erin D Michos, Ian J Neeland, Roger Blumenthal, Christie Ballantyne, Elizabeth Selvin, Josef Coresh, Chiadi E Ndumele
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Longitudinal increases in metabolic syndrome (MS) components are associated with increased heart failure (HF) risk, but the association of MS change over time with subclinical myocardial injury is unknown. Hypothesis: Greater progression and duration of MS is associated with subclinical myocardial injury, as reflected by high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT). Methods: We studied 8,170 participants (mean age 63, 59% female) without coronary heart disease, HF or diabetes at ARIC Visit 4 (1996-1998) with available data on MS components from the first four ARIC visits and hs-cTnT data at Visit 4. We defined MS using AHA/NHLBI criteria for high waist circumference (WC), hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure (BP), low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia, with a diagnosis of MS made by ≥ 3 components. Using data on MS components from Visit 1 (1987-89) through 4, we used logistic regression models adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors to evaluate associations of changes in MS components over time and duration of MS with elevated hs-cTnT (≥ 14 ng/L) at Visit 4. Results: 3,644 (45%) of Visit 4 participants had MS. Greater number of MS components at Visit 4 was associated with a higher likelihood of elevated hs-cTnT, with the highest odds seen for those with 5 MS components (OR 2.32; 95%CI: 1.39-3.87) compared to those with none. Among MS components, the strongest associations were seen for elevated BP and high WC. Among participants without MS at V1, those with no MS components at both Visits 1 and 4 had the lowest odds of elevated hs-cTnT (reference), with progressively higher likelihood of elevated hs-cTnT for those increasing to 1-2 (OR 1.12; 95%CI 0.61-2.06), 3 (OR 1.90; 95%CI 1.04-3.45) and 4-5 (OR 2.64; 95%CI 1.41-4.92) MS components by Visit 4. MS duration was also significantly associated with elevated hs-cTnT, with an OR of 1.08 (95%CI: 1.06-1.11) per year of MS duration. Conclusions: Greater MS severity and progression, and longer duration of MS, are associated with a higher likelihood of subclinical myocardial injury. This may have mechanistic implications for the association between MS and HF, and underscores the need to refine strategies to prevent MS onset and progression.
MOTOR NOTES FOR MEDICAL MEN
Authors: H. M. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1922)

tlle Royal Scottish Automobile Club, like the Royal Automobile Club, is unable to create what might be called new fasllious in cars, nevertheless by recent enterprise both organizations are helping to pave the way to the production of velicles tlhat will sulit thbe needs of owner-drivers in particular hotter tllani tlhoee hiitlherto available.Tllus even in' tlle case of th0e Manx motor racina' for the Tourist T'roplhy and for the " i Fifteen Hundred " Trophv, which is really one of the final plhases of experimental work, very valuable progress has been made under tlhree Ileadings, among manv otlhers-namely, in the direction of the evolution and use of mixed fuels with power alcolhol as au essential ingredient; in the evolution of brakes to all four wlheels; and in tlle demonstration of the fact''th at thee coided typ'e of tyre makes for amazing durability aiid economy auid 'will presently be available, witiout undue weiglht, on the straight-sidcd principle with liglht rim.The thixed-fu'el proposals will-interest medical men in very ricLLilt fas1mion -at no distant date, for some of our lCrgiest lucldlistributing p'ganizations lhave already completed prans or,9engaging in tlhe business on a commercial scale.Thie mixed -fuels are, evolved in mneasure as tle, liquid-fuel iatern-al-comblstion' engine is developed.
Generation time of the alpha and delta SARS-CoV-2 variants: an epidemiological analysis
Authors: William S Hart, Elizabeth Miller, Nick J Andrews, Pauline Waight, Philip K Maini, Sebastian Funk, Robin N Thompson
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)

BackgroundIn May, 2021, the delta (B.1.617.2) SARS-CoV-2 variant became dominant in the UK, superseded by the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant in December, 2021. The delta variant is associated with increased transmissibility compared with the alpha variant, which was the dominant variant in the UK between December, 2020, and May, 2021. To understand transmission and the effectiveness of interventions, we aimed to investigate whether the delta variant generation time (the interval between infections in infector–infectee pairs) is shorter—ie, transmissions are happening more quickly—than that of the alpha variant.MethodsIn this epidemiological analysis, we analysed transmission data from an ongoing UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) prospective household study. Households were recruited to the study after an index case had a positive PCR test and genomic sequencing was used to determine the variant responsible. By fitting a mathematical transmission model to the data, we estimated the intrinsic generation time (which assumes a constant supply of susceptible individuals throughout infection) and the household generation time (which reflects realised transmission in the study households, accounting for susceptible depletion) for the alpha and delta variants.FindingsBetween February and August, 2021, 227 households consisting of 559 participants were recruited to the UKHSA study. The alpha variant was detected or assumed to be responsible for infections in 131 households (243 infections in 334 participants) recruited in February–May, and the delta variant in 96 households (174 infections in 225 participants) in May–August. The mean intrinsic generation time was shorter for the delta variant (4·7 days, 95% credible interval [CI] 4·1–5·6) than the alpha variant (5·5 days, 4·7–6·5), with 92% posterior probability. The mean household generation time was 28% (95% CI 0–48%) shorter for the delta variant (3·2 days, 95% CI 2·5–4·2) than the alpha variant (4·5 days, 3·7–5·4), with 97·5% posterior probability.InterpretationThe delta variant transmits more quickly in households than the alpha variant, which can be attributed to faster depletion of susceptible individuals in households and a possible decrease in the intrinsic generation time. Interventions such as contact tracing, testing, and isolation might be less effective if transmission of the virus occurs quickly.FundingNational Institute for Health Research, UK Health Security Agency, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and UK Research and Innovation.
12. Older Adults:<i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020</i>
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
LETTER FROM LONDON.
Authors: None G. O. M.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) Scheme for Providing Ambulances for the Metropolis—Color Blindness and Color Perception-Causes leading to Outbreaks of Measles in Glasgow —Glycerine Enemata in Obstinate Cases of Dysentery in young Children—Tobacco Smoke as an Antiseptic—Influence of Electric Light upon the Eyes, Mr. Ryan recently read a paper at the Middle-sex Hospital before the Hospitals Association, which gave the outlines of a scheme which will be a great boon to Londoners. Dr. Livingstone is said to have remarked that the ordinary wayfarer in the streets of London stands in more danger of injury to life and limb than a traveler in the wilds of Africa. What is now wanted is a number of proper ambulances scattered all over the metropolitan area, so that in case of accident one shall always be obtainable. Mr. Ryan's paper set forth the details of a scheme which has been elaborated with this object. Briefly,
Physical training modulates proinflammatory cytokines and soluble fas-soluble fas ligand system in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Stamatis Adamopoulos, John T. Parissis, Dimitrios Karatzas, Christos Kroupis, George Karavolias, John Paraskevaidis, Spilios Karas, Katerina Koniavitou, Dimitrios T. Kremastinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Klliott P. Joslin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

This review of progress in diabetes mellitus will consider advances in knowledge concerning alloxan and carbohydrate metabolism, recent papers on diabetic neuropathy, two articles dealing respectively with diabetes in children and with facts concerning the disease in Finland and, finally, associations, societies, foundations and trusts primarily interested in the problems brought about by this disease.AlloxanDuff,1 a well informed scientific investigator whose opinion is greatly respected and whose review of the pathology of the pancreas in experimental diabetes mellitus is most complete, makes the following statement: "It is most improbable at present that alloxan plays a role in the . . .
Intramuscular injections.
Authors: W. H. Beesley
Journal: BMJ (1968)

SnR,-Recently there has been a focusing of public attention on the overcrowding present in psychiatric hospitals.It is my view that blame for these conditions must rest with the medical staff of the hospitals concerned.With energy and skill many patients in psychiatric hospitals can now be improved and the great majority discharged after only a few weeks' stay.A careful review of all