tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood volume prior to and following treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Authors: JFigueras, M HWeil
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Following onset of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema in 21 patients, increases in hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, and colloid osmotic pressure were associated with decreases in plasma volume. Accordingly, there was a loss of hypo-oncotic fluid into the extravascular spaces. Following treatment with oxygen, furosemide, and morphine sulfate and reversal of clinical and radiographic signs of pulmonary edema, declines in hematocrit, plasma protein concentration, and colloid osmotic pressure were associated with increases in plasma volume. Hypo-oncotic edema fluid was therefore reabsorbed into the vascular compartment. The concept that acute heeart failure with pulmonary edema is associated with an increase in intravascular volume is therefore not supported. To the contrary, there is a reduction of blood volume during acute pulmonary edema. During reversal of acute pulmonary edema with diuresis, there was re-expansion rather than contraction of blood volume.
Quantitative ultrasonographic studies of lower extremity flow velocities in health and disease.
Authors: AFronek, MCoel, E FBerstein
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Quantitative Doppler ultrasonographic flow velocity determinations are reported from 39 normal control subjects and 80 patients with angiographically documented peripheral arterial disease, in whom femoral, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries were studied. The mean control values of the most useful parameters were: femoral artery: peak forward velocity (PFV) cm/sec: 40.7 +/- 10.9, deceleration (Dec.) cm/sec2:250.9 +/- 60.0, peak/mean velocity (P/MV): 4.8 +/- 1.6; posterior tibial artery: PFV: 16.0 +/- 10.0, Dec.: 129.8 +/- 75.7, P/MV: 4.8 +/- 2.5; dorsalis pedis artery: PFV: 168 +/- 5.7, Dec.: 137.9 +/- 54.5, P/MV: 6.0 +/- 4.1. The values of these measurements in the patients with arterial occlusive disease were all significantly lower, and also permitted distinguishing those with multilevel disease from those with a single site of occlusion. Quantitative evaluation of the Doppler ultrasonogram permits obtaining detailed functional information on the degree of arterial flow impairment in patients...
The associative nature of human associative learning
Authors: Shanks
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

The extent to which human learning should be thought of in terms of elementary, automatic versus controlled,  processes is unresolved after nearly a century of often fierce debate. Mitchell et al. provide a persuasive review of evidence against automatic, unconscious links. Indeed, unconscious processes seem to play a negligible role in any form of learning, not just in Pavlovian conditioning. But a modern connectionist framework, in which cognitive phenomena are emergent properties, is likely to offer a fuller account of human learning than the propositional framework Mitchell et al. propose.
Changing priorities for pulmonary fibrosis: the patient will see you now!
Authors: Laura Fabbri, Steve Jones
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Over the last century, the doctor–patient relationship has gradually evolved from a paternalistic to a more patient-centred approach, with a marked change in the last 20 years. This cultural shift is reflected in health research, where patients and the public have become increasingly engaged and empowered. The UK pioneered these changes, with patient and public involvement becoming, in 2006, a founding principle of the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR). The NIHR aims ‘to conduct leading edge research focussing on the needs of patients and the public’, with research being undertaken with or by members of the public, rather than on or to them.1 A basic premise is that involving lay people and bringing in different perspectives and experiences can improve research quality, while also empowering patients to influence change on issues they consider important. There are many different frameworks but one of the most useful is described by NIHR INVOLVE, the English national advisory group on public involvement, shown in table 1.2 

View this table:

Table 1 
Types of patient involvement



Some other frameworks consider ‘coproduction’ as the highest level, which means collaboration of researchers and patients throughout the research process—design, implementation and dissemination. A systematic review of patient and public involvement in Europe found more examples of …
Acute Mountain Sickness
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Schneider, M., D. Bernash, J. Weymann, R. Holle, P. Bartsch. “Acute Mountain Sickness: Influence of Susceptibility, Preexposure, and Ascent Rate”. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 34, No. 12, pp. 1886-1891, 2002.  Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) generally occurs when people ascend to altitudes of roughly 8,000 feet and above.  At high altitudes, the air is less dense than the air at sea level, making more difficult for the body to get the oxygen that it needs for normal functioning.  Air pressure is lower at high altitudes than at sea level, so in some cases of AMS, the brain may swell, leading to headaches and nausea.
Ovomucoid‐specific IgD increases in children who naturally outgrow egg allergy in a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Naohiro Itoh, Motoko Yasutomi, Akiko Kawasaki, Hiroki Murai, Eishi Nomura, Yuuki Hagihara, Kazumasa Ogura, Yusei Ohshima
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Thyroid Supplements and Breast Cancer
Authors: Hershel Jick
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The data reported by Drs Kapdi and Wolfe does not distinguish between the use of thyroid supplements and the conditions for which the supplements were given as possible risk factors for breast cancer. A further analysis of these data is shown in the Table.<sup>1,2</sup>There is only a modest increase in the risk of breast cancer in women taking thyroid supplements (relative risk, 1.59 overall), and the trend toward increasing risk with increasing duration of therapy is not consistent over the three duration levels. In a study of drug use at the time of diagnosis of cancer,<sup>3</sup>7 of 708 patients with breast cancer and 16 of 1,429 patients with other cancers were taking thyroid supplements. With the other cancer patients considered as controls, the relative risk of breast cancer in users of thyroid supplements was estimated to be 0.96, with 95% confidence limits of
Effects of alloxan-induced diabetes on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit hearts.
Authors: W MVogel, C SApstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Hearts from rabbits with 8-16 weeks of alloxan-diabetes were compared with hearts from normal rabbits to determine whether diabetic myocardium is more sensitive to ischemic injury. In isolated buffer-perfused hearts, left ventricular developed pressure, diastolic pressure, time to peak pressure (TTPP), time to half-maximal relaxation (RT1/2), and positive and negative dP/dt were measured during generation of left ventricular filling curves before and after 90 minutes of low-flow ischemia. Hearts from diabetic rabbits (blood glucose, 384 +/- 28 mg/dl, mean +/- 95% confidence limits) had left ventricular developed and diastolic pressures similar to normal hearts but exhibited significant increases in TTPP and RT1/2 with decreased positive and negative dP/dt. Left ventricular chamber volume relative to heart mass was greater in diabetic than in normal hearts. Recovery of developed pressure after ischemia was similar in normal (41 +/- 16%) and diabetic hearts (47 +/- 13%). In diabetic hearts during recovery f...
Detection of oxygen-derived free radical generation in the canine postischemic heart during late phase of reperfusion.
Authors: TKuzuya, SHoshida, YKim, MNishida, HFuji, AKitabatake, MTada, TKamada
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

To define the relation between oxygen-derived free radical (oxy-radical) generation in the reperfused ischemic myocardium and the progression of myocardial damage, we measured oxy-radical generation in the ischemic myocardium and the propagating infarct size in a model of canine coronary occlusion (90 minutes) and reperfusion. We used electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping techniques (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide [DMPO]) to detect oxy-radicals in the rapidly frozen myocardial samples taken by needle biopsy. There was no detectable generation of DMPO adducts in the normal myocardium before or after reperfusion. In the reperfused ischemic myocardium, electron paramagnetic resonance signals of DMPO-OOH (superoxide anion) and DMPO-OH (hydroxyl radical) were detected, with peak concentrations at 1 hour after reperfusion for DMPO-OOH and at 3 hours after reperfusion for DMPO-OH, respectively. These DMPO adducts were also detected during the early phase (15 seconds) of reperfusion, but the concentrati...
Diagnostic accuracy of exercise ECG lead systems in clinical subsets of women.
Authors: PGuiteras, B RChaitman, D DWaters, M GBourassa, J MScholl, R JFerguson, PWagniart
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The diagnostic accuracy of 14-lead exercise electrocardiography was evaluated in 112 women who had no history of myocardial infarction and underwent coronary angiography. The sensitivity of ST-segment displacement of 0.1 mV or more in any of 14 ECG leads was 0.79 for coronary artery stenosis of at least 70%; the specificity was 0.66. Results were similar using bipolar ECG leads CC5 and CM5 or 11 standard ECG leads. The ST-segment shifts that occurred only during exercise were associated with a 77% false-positive rate (10 of 13). Downsloping ST-segment depression did not provide more diagnostic information than horizontal ST-segment depression in the three clinical subsets of women. In women with typical angina pectoris, ST-segment depression of at least 0.15 mV for 0.08 second after the J point or a final treadmill time less than 360 seconds was predictive of proximal left or multivessel coronary artery disease. In the women with probable angina or nonspecific chest pain, this finding was not of diagnosti...
Bioequivalence of Levothyroxine Preparations: Issues of Science, Publication, and Advertising
Authors: Kenneth M. Lankin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Dong and collegues,<sup>1</sup>along with the accompanying letters and Editorial,<sup>2</sup>was a superb presentation regarding the controversy over the bioequivalence of levothyroxine preparations and the issues that arise when commercially supported research produces results that are at odds with the financial interests of corporate sponsors. However, it was surprising to see 2 advertisements for Levoxyl-brand levothyroxine (formerly named Levoxine), manufactured by Jones Medical Industries Inc, 1 of the 4 thyroid preparations studied in the article by Dong et al that claims "any of the 4 preparations studied can be effectively used for levothyroxine replacement therapy." The advertisements tout the cost savings between their product, Levoxyl, and Synthroid and contain an unusual note of the company's stock symbol. The second advertisement is seemingly strategically placed only 4 pages after the Editorial. It would be difficult to ascribe the sudden appearance of these ads, especially from
Increases in plasma oncotic pressure during acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Authors: JFigueras, M HWeil
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) was measured in 95 patients with clinical and radiological evidence of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Fifty patients who were admitted for coronary observation but in whom acute myocardial infarctin was excluded, and 21 patients who had sustained acute myocardial infarction without evidence of left ventricular failure served as controls. Significantly higher values of COP, total plasma protein, and hematocrit were observed in patients with pulmonary edema. Increases in COP during pulmonary edema were best explained by transudation of hypooncotic fluid into extravascular spaces. Following treatment of pulmonary edema in 76 patients with furosemide, morphine, and oxygen, pulmonary edema was reversed in 65 patients. Reabsorption of hypooncotic fluid from extravascular sites with a significant decline in COP, total protein and hematocrit followed reversal of pulmonary edema. No significant changes in these parameters were observed in patients who failed to respond to therapy...
Reply to A. Vickers et al
Authors: Ravishankar Jayadevappa, Sumedha Chhatre, Joseph J. Gallo, Marsha N. Wittink, Knashawn H. Morales, David I. Lee, Thomas Guzzo, Neha Vapiwala, Yu-Ning Wong, Diane K. Newman, Keith Van Arsdalen, S. Bruce Malkowicz, J. Sanford Schwartz, Alan J. Wein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)
Effect of electrotonic potentials on pacemaker activity of canine Purkinje fibers in relation to parasystole.
Authors: JJalife, G KMoe
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Isolated false tendons excised form dog hearts were mounted in a three-chamber tissue bath. Isotonic sucrose solution was perfused in the central chamber to provide a region of depressed conductivity between the fiber segments in chambers 1 and 3, which were perfused with Tyrode's solution. The electrotonic influence of spontaneous or driven responses evoked in chamber 3 during the first half of the spontaneous cycle of a chamber 1 peacemaker delayed the next spontaneous discharge. This effect changed to acceleration when the chamber 3 segment fired during the second half of the spontaneous cycle. We found that subthreshold depolarizing current pulses 50-300 msec applied across the sucrose gap caused similar degrees of delay or acceleration. Furthermore, hyperpolarizing currents caused the reverse pattern. The results indicate that the discharge pattern of a parasystolic focus may be altered by the electrotonic influence of activity in the surrounding tissue. The significance of these findings is consider...
Sympathetic nerve activity: role in regulation of blood pressure in the spontaenously hypertensive rat.
Authors: W VJudy, A MWatanabe, D PHenry, H RBesch, W RMurphy, G MHockel
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and high pressure baroreceptor regulation of SNA were studied in the Okamoto strain of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and SNA were not significantly affected by anesthesia with low doses of pentobarbital (20-25 mg/kg). Thus, most of these studies were performed in anesthetized rats. SNA in visceral sympathetic nerves increased rapidly with age up to 24 weeks and slowly thereafter. MAP increased with SNA, following the same time course. Both SNA and MAP in SHR were significantly greater than that found in normotensive Wistar control rats of comparable ages. Abolition of ganglionic transmission with hexamethonium in both SHR and normotensive controls reduced postganglionic SNA and MAP to comparable levels. In SHR less than 16 weeks old, increased baroreceptor stimulation effectively inhibited SNA with the same sensitivity as found in Wistar control rats. However, older SHR appeared to lose their ability to completely inhibit SNA during ind...
Molecular cloning of three isoforms of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel beta subunit from normal human heart.
Authors: TCollin, J JWang, JNargeot, ASchwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

We have cloned and sequenced cDNAs for three isoforms of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel beta subunit isolated from a normal human heart cDNA library. One of these subunits, designated beta a, hybridized with a 3.4-kb message, and the other two, designated beta b and beta c, hybridized with a message of approximately 1.9 kb. The presence of both of these latter two messages in human heart was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction methodology. Considering the differences between beta a and beta b/beta c, we find it likely that these messages may be encoded by two different gene sequences, beta a and beta b/beta c, and that the beta b/beta c sequence can be alternatively spliced in the 209-260 region. The data suggest that the human heart presents a different pattern of beta subunit expression from that found in the rat and rabbit heart.
Interaction between thromboxane A2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in human coronary arteries.
Authors: A HChester, S PAllen, STadjkarimi, M HYacoub
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDPlatelets release two powerful vasoconstrictors--thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Animal studies have suggested that these two substances may act in a synergistic fashion to stimulate platelet activity and smooth muscle vasoconstriction.METHODS AND RESULTSTo assess the interaction between TXA2 and 5-HT at the individual 5-HT receptor subtypes reported to mediate contraction, the effect of the amine was determined in the presence of differing concentrations of the thromboxane mimetic U46619. A total of 168 vessel segments were removed from 20 recipient hearts of patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. Segments were set up in isolated organ baths and tested for their response to 5-HT in the presence of an EC10, EC30, or EC50 concentration of U46619 (n = 4). A synergistic response was only seen in a small number of the segments tested under these conditions. However, in the presence of ketanserin (10(-6) M) to block 5-HT2 receptors, there was a significant increase in the ...
Developmental changes in the sensitivity of the chick embryo ventricle to beta-adrenergic agonist during adrenergic innervation.
Authors: DHiggins, A JPappano
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

As early as the 4th embryonic day, the ventricle of the chick embryo responded to isoproterenol (Iso) with an increase in the force of contraction; at all ages studied, this positive inotropic effect was accompanied by an increased rate of tension development. There was a transient, 10-fold decrease in the sensitivity (increase in ED50) of the right ventricle to Iso between the 16th and 21st embryonic day. This change in the sensitivity to Iso was not due either to an increased inactivation of Iso by non-neuronal cells or to a change in the thickness of the ventricle. It was found that adrenergic nerves were first capable of altering ventricular contractility on the 16th embryonic day. Whereas they interfered with the function of adrenergic nerves, injections of reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine had no effect on the subsensitivity to Iso. Furthermore, these agents did not affect the normal developmental changes in heart weight. We conclude that the local release of transmitter from adrenergic nerves does not...
Electrical responses of guinea pig coronary artery to transmural stimulation.
Authors: K DKeef, D LKreulen
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Isolated segments of the guinea pig circumflex coronary artery were stimulated transmurally with brief duration (0.05 msec) pulses while recording intracellularly. Resting membrane potential was -60.3 +/- 4.3 mV (n = 66). Transient depolarizations (TDs) graded in amplitude with stimulus intensity were elicited with single stimuli. An action potential of 47 +/- 5 mV was superimposed upon the TD above a threshold membrane potential of -48 +/- 4 mV. Following the spike, a period of slow repolarization requiring 77 +/- 33 seconds was observed. Repetitive stimulation led to summation of TDs and a slow depolarization (less than or equal to 21 mV) that persisted for up to 90 seconds. The TD was reduced in amplitude when the membrane was depolarized with increased [K]o and enhanced when the membrane was hyperpolarized by adding potassium back to a potassium-depleted tissue. Phentolamine (10(-5) M), prazosin (10(-6) M), guanethidine (2 X 10(-5) M), alpha,beta-methylene ATP (2 X 10(-5) M), tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M), ...
Direct effect of increased hemodynamic load on cardiac mass.
Authors: BKorecky, MMasika
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The hearts of rats were transplanted into the abdomens of recipients of the same inbred strain by attaching the stumps of aorta and pulmonary artery end to side to the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, respectively, of the recipient. The transplant functions as a denervated nonworking Langendorff heart; the recipient in situ heart serves as a normal control. One week after surgery, an onset of atrophy is observed in the transplanted heart, which stabilizes after 2 weeks; the in situ heart grows normally. Using this model, we increased the load of the left ventricle (LV) in the transplant by inserting a permanent polyethylene cannula into its aortic orifice during surgery to induce valvular incompetence and/or stenosis (TPE group). This resulted in significantly increased LV systolic pressure (115 +/- 5 versus 95 +/- 3 mm Hg) and a significantly increased rate-pressure product (34.7 +/- 1.7 versus 24.4 +/- 1.4 mm Hg.min-1 x 10(3) as compared with rats with control transplants (TC group). The LV mas...
Prostaglandin D2 relaxes bovine coronary arteries by endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated cGMP formation.
Authors: MBraun, KSchrör
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

This study investigates the vasomotor activities of prostaglandin (PG) D2 in bovine coronary arteries in relation to endothelial function. Isolated segments of bovine coronary arteries with intact endothelium were concentration-dependently relaxed by PGD2 (0.01-1 microM), a reaction that was blocked by a selective PGD receptor antagonist (BW A868C). There was a tight correlation between PGD2- and acetylcholine-induced relaxations (r = 0.894, n = 96, p   50%) antagonized the PGD2-induced relaxation. The vessel relaxation by PGD2 was associated with a threefold to fourfold increase in vascular ...
Noninvasive prediction of multivessel disease after myocardial infarction.
Authors: R FDunn, BFreedman, I KBailey, RUren, D TKelly
Journal: Circulation (1980)

In 65 patients with a previous transmural myocardial infarction (anterior in 33, inferior in 32), exercise thallium scanning was compared with 12-lead exercise electrocardiography to see if multivessel disease could be detected. At coronary arteriography 40 patients were shown to have multivessel disease ( greater than or equal to 70% diameter stenosis in two or three vessels) and 25 patients had one-vessel disease. On the exercise scan thallium defects corresponding to the electrocardiographic site of infarction were present in all patients. Patients wih one-vessel and multivessel disease were separated by exercise-induced angina, perfusion defects on the exercise thallium scan in more than one specific vasculare area, and a positive exercise ECG associated with angina, but not by a positive exercise ECG alone. Of the 40 patients with multivessel disease, 85% had defects in more than one vascular area on the thallium scan and 70% had a positive exercise ECG (p = NS). Of the 37 patients with thallium defe...
A Healthy State: An International Perspective on the Crisis in United States Medical Care
Authors: Odin W. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This revised and updated book is an attempt to compare the health services provision enterprise  the United States with that of Sweden, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the People's Republic of China. These four countries were selected because they have  common concepts and serious attempts to develop their health services in a highly-planned and organized way. As usual the United States is compared unfavorably  the areas of equity of use and funding, distribution of services, and the usual health indicators. The authors observe that the United States ranks high on the quality and quantity of facilities and personnel, but they are not planned and organized rationally to achieve a balanced mix of services, equitable distribution of services, or freedom from fear of possible high-cost medical episodes.  The subject is, of course, a technical one, but the authors say that the book is intended for the general