tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neonatal metabolome of caesarean section and risk of childhood asthma
Authors: Gözde Gürdeniz, Madeleine Ernst, Daniela Rago, Min Kim, Julie Courraud, Jakob Stokholm, Klaus Bønnelykke, Anders Björkbom, Urvish Trivedi, Søren J. Sørensen, Susanne Brix, David Hougaard, Morten Rasmussen, Arieh S. Cohen, Hans Bisgaard, Bo Chawes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Birth by caesarean section is linked to an increased risk of developing asthma, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.To elucidate the link between birth by caesarean section and asthma using newborn metabolomic profiles and integrating early-life gut microbiome data and cord blood immunology.We investigated the influence of caesarean section on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry metabolomic profiles of dried blood spots from newborns of the two independent Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood cohorts, i.e. COPSAC2010 (n=677) and COPSAC2000 (n=387). We assessed the associations between the caesarean section metabolic profile, gut microbiome data and frequency of cord blood regulatory T-cells (Tregs) at 1 week of age.In COPSAC2010, a partial least square discriminant analysis model showed that children born by caesarean section versus natural delivery had different metabolic profiles (area under the curve (AUC)=0.77, p=2.2×10-16), which was replicated in COPSAC2000 (AUC=0.66, p=1.2×10-5). The metabolic profile of caesarean section was significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma at school age in both COPSAC2010 (p=0.03) and COPSAC2000 (p=0.005). Caesarean section was associated with lower abundance of tryptophan, bile acid and phenylalanine metabolites, indicative of a perturbed gut microbiota. Furthermore, gut bacteria dominating after natural delivery, i.e. Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides were correlated with caesarean section-discriminative microbial metabolites, suggesting maternal microbial transmission during birth regulating the newborn's metabolism. Finally, the caesarean section metabolic profile was associated with frequency of cord blood Tregs.These findings propose that caesarean section programmes the risk of childhood asthma through perturbed immune responses and gut microbial colonisation patterns reflected in the blood metabolome at birth.
A novel personalized treatment approach for psoriasis: anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) therapy
Authors: Andrea Luengas‐Martinez, Ralf Paus, Helen S. Young
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Chronic plaque psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease in which genetic predisposition along with environmental factors lead to the development of the disease, which affects 2% of the UK's population and is associated with extracutaneous morbidities and a reduced quality of life. A complex crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity, the epithelia and the vasculature maintain the inflammatory milieu in psoriasis. Despite the development of promising treatment strategies, mostly targeting the immune system, treatments fail to fulfil every patient's goals. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) mediates angiogenesis and is upregulated in the plaques and plasma of patients with psoriasis. Transgenic expression of VEGF-A in experimental models led to the development of skin lesions that share many psoriasis features. Targeting VEGF-A in in vivo models of psoriasis-like inflammation resulted in disease clearance. Anti-angiogenesis treatments are widely used for cancer and eye disease and there are clinical reports of patients treated with VEGF-A inhibitors who have experienced Psoriasis Area and Severity Index improvement. Existing psoriasis treatments downregulate VEGF-A and angiogenesis as part of their therapeutic effect. Pharmacogenetics studies suggest the existence of different genetic signatures within patients with psoriasis that correspond with different treatment responsiveness and disease severity. There is a subset of patients with psoriasis with an increased predisposition to produce high levels of VEGF-A, who may be most likely to benefit from anti-VEGF-A therapy, offering an opportunity to personalize treatment in psoriasis. Anti-VEGF-A therapies may offer an alternative to existing anticytokine strategies or be complementary to standard treatments for the management of psoriasis.
Learning through a Pandemic: The Current State of Knowledge on COVID-19 and Cancer
Authors: Arielle Elkrief, Julie T Wu, Chinmay Jani, Kyle T Enriquez, Michael Glover, Mansi R Shah, Hira Ghazal Shaikh, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Benjamin French, Sachin R Jhawar, Douglas B Johnson, Rana R McKay, Donna R Rivera, Daniel Y Reuben, Surbhi Shah, Stacey L Tinianov, Donald Cuong Vinh, Sanjay Mishra, Jeremy L Warner
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has left patients with current or past history of cancer facing disparate consequences at every stage of the cancer trajectory. This comprehensive review offers a landscape analysis of the current state of the literature on COVID-19 and cancer, including the immune response to COVID-19, risk factors for severe disease, and impact of anticancer therapies. We also review the latest data on treatment of COVID-19 and vaccination safety and efficacy in patients with cancer, as well as the impact of the pandemic on cancer care, including the urgent need for rapid evidence generation and real-world study designs. SIGNIFICANCE: Patients with cancer have faced severe consequences at every stage of the cancer journey due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This comprehensive review offers a landscape analysis of the current state of the field regarding COVID-19 and cancer. We cover the immune response, risk factors for severe disease, and implications for vaccination in patients with cancer, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care delivery. Overall, this review provides an in-depth summary of the key issues facing patients with cancer during this unprecedented health crisis.
COVID-19 Vaccine Safety in Children Aged 5–11 Years — United States, November 3–December 19, 2021
Authors: Anne M. Hause, James Baggs, Paige Marquez, Tanya R. Myers, Julianne Gee, John R. Su, Bicheng Zhang, Deborah Thompson, Tom T. Shimabukuro, David K. Shay
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

On October 29, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) amended the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccine to expand its use to children aged 5-11 years, administered as 2 doses (10 μg, 0.2mL each) 3 weeks apart (1). As of December 19, 2021, only the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine is authorized for administration to children aged 5-17 years (2,3). In preauthorization clinical trials, Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine was administered to 3,109 children aged 5-11 years; most adverse events were mild to moderate, and no serious adverse events related to vaccination were reported (4). To further characterize safety of the vaccine in children aged 5-11 years, CDC reviewed adverse events after receipt of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a passive vaccine safety surveillance system co-managed by CDC and FDA, and adverse events and health impact assessments reported to v-safe, a voluntary smartphone-based safety surveillance system for adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination,* during November 3-December 19, 2021. Approximately 8.7 million doses of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine were administered to children aged 5-11 years† during this period; VAERS received 4,249 reports of adverse events after vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in this age group, 4,149 (97.6%) of which were not serious. Approximately 42,504 children aged 5-11 years were enrolled in v-safe after vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine; after dose 2, a total of 17,180 (57.5%) local and 12,223 systemic (40.9%) reactions (including injection-site pain, fatigue, or headache) were reported. The preliminary safety findings are similar to those from preauthorization clinical trials (4,5). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 5-11 years for the prevention of COVID-19 (6). Parents and guardians of children aged 5-11 years vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine should be advised that local and systemic reactions are expected after vaccination. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent COVID-19. CDC and FDA will continue to monitor vaccine safety and will provide updates as needed to guide COVID-19 vaccination recommendations.
Peutz-Jeghers polypectomy in the small bowel using “ligate-and-let-go” technique
Authors: Michael Mullarkey, Page Axley, Ali Ahmed, Kondal R. Kyanam Kabir Baig, Shajan Peter
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

The “ligate-and-let-go” polypectomy technique involves looping a target lesion with a detachable snare and letting it necrose and slough off [1]. This technique is thought to carry less risk for bleeding and perforation than electrocautery. We present a case of a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in which the “ligate-and-let-go” method was used to successfully treat an obstructing small bowel polyp via anterograde double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). To our knowledge, this is the first utilization of this technique to successfully remove a jejunal polyp via anterograde DBE.
In critically ill patients with COVID-19, therapeutic anticoagulation did not increase organ support–free days
Authors: Anthony A. Donato
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

ACP Journal ClubDecember 2021In critically ill patients with COVID-19, therapeutic anticoagulation did not increase organ support–free daysAnthony A. Donato, MD, MHPEAnthony A. Donato, MD, MHPETower Health/Reading Hospital, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA (A.A.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJ202112210-135 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationGoligher EC, Bradbury CA, McVerry BJ, et al. Therapeutic anticoagulation with heparin in critically ill patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:777-89. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34351722Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Emergency Med: Hospitalists: Infectious Disease: Critical Care: References1. Kollias A, Kyriakoulis KG, Lagou S, et al. Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vasc Med. 2021;26:415-25. [PMID: 33818197] Google Scholar2. Hippensteel JA, LaRiviere WB, Colbert JF, et al. Heparin as a therapy for COVID-19: current evidence and future possibilities. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2020;319:L211-7. [PMID: 32519894] Google Scholar3. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines. National Institutes of Health. Accessed at https://files.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/guidelines/covid19treatmentguidelines.pdf on 13 Sep 2021. Google Scholar4. Contou D, Fraissé M, Pajot O, et al. Comparison between first and second wave among critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to a French ICU: no prognostic improvement during the second wave? Crit Care. 2021;25:3. [PMID: 33397421] Google Scholar5. Cuker A, Tseng EK, Nieuwlaat R, et al. American Society of Hematology living guidelines in the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19: May 2021 update on the use of intermediate intensity anticoagulation in critically ill patients. Blood Adv. 2021;5:3951-9. [PMID: 34474482] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tower Health/Reading Hospital, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA (A.A.D.)Disclosures: The commentator has reported no disclosures of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M20-7323.This article was published at Annals.org on 7 December 2021. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIn non–critically ill patients with COVID-19, therapeutic anticoagulation improved survival to discharge without organ support Anthony A. Donato Metrics December 2021Volume 174, Issue 12Page: JC135 ePublished: 7 December 2021 Issue Published: December 2021 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2021 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Supported Decision Making with People at the Margins of Autonomy: Response to Commentaries
Authors: Andrew Peterson, Jason Karlawish, Emily A. Largent
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

This article refers to:Supported Decision Making With People at the Margins of AutonomyHealthcare Decisions Are Always Supported DecisionsIntegrating Supported Decision-Making into the Clinical Research ProcessThe Doctrine of Informed Consent Doesn't Need Modification for Supported Decision MakingSupported Decisions as the Patient's Own?Realizing Supported Decision-Making: What It Does—and Does Not—RequireSupported Decision-Making for People with Dementia Should Focus on Their ValuesSupported Decision Making: A Concept at the Margins vs. Center of Autonomy?
Covid-19: Monoclonal antibodies authorised in US as alternative to vaccines for certain groups
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19: Monoclonal antibodies authorised in US as alternative to vaccines for certain groups Zosia KmietowiczThe US drug regulator has granted emergency use authorisation to a combination of two monoclonal antibodies to prevent covid-19 in adults and children over 12 who are immunocompromised and may not produce an adequate response to covid vaccines and for those in whom vaccination is not recommended.Evusheld, which is produced by AstraZeneca and given as two intramuscular injections, contains the long acting monoclonal antibodies tixagevimab and cilgavimab.Studies suggest it could prevent infection for up to six months, but it should not be used instead of vaccination where these can be given, said Patrizia Cavazzon, director of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)."Vaccines have proven to be the best defence available against covid-19," she said.Tixagevimab and cilgavimab target different sites of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, designed to block the virus' attachment and entry into human cells.Evidence to support Evusheld's emergency use authorisation comes from Provent, a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial of over 5000 unvaccinated adults with a chronic medical condition or an increased risk of covid infection. 1Over 183 days Evusheld reduced the rate of symptomatic infection compared with placebo from 1% to 0.2%, a relative risk reduction of almost 80%. 1
LSD1-directed therapy affects glioblastoma tumorigenicity by deregulating the protective ATF4-dependent integrated stress response
Authors: Stefania Faletti, Daniela Osti, Elena Ceccacci, Cristina Richichi, Brunella Costanza, Luciano Nicosia, Roberta Noberini, Giulia Marotta, Laura Furia, Mario R. Faretta, Silvia Brambillasca, Micaela Quarto, Luca Bertero, Renzo Boldorini, Bianca Pollo, Sara Gandini, Davide Cora, Saverio Minucci, Ciro Mercurio, Mario Varasi, Tiziana Bonaldi, Giuliana Pelicci
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Inhibiting LSD1 reduces glioblastoma tumor-initiating cell survival by impeding their ability to handle the stress through the deregulation of ATF4.
Axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Victoria Navarro-Compán, Alexandre Sepriano, Bassel El-Zorkany, Désirée van der Heijde
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) encompasses both radiographic and non-radiographic axSpA. It is a chronic inflammatory disease with a predilection for involving the axial skeleton. The most common presenting symptoms are chronic back pain and spinal stiffness but peripheral and extra-musculoskeletal manifestations occur also frequently. The diagnosis of axSpA relies on the recognition of a clinical pattern of the disease, based on clinical, laboratory and imaging features. The Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axSpA are valid and well implemented for research purposes. Sustained disease activity, measured by validated tools such as the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, leads to irreversible structural damage and poor functioning and therefore should be abrogated. As part of the management algorithm, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs remain as the first line of pharmacological treatment besides physiotherapy. As a second line, tumour necrosis factor inhibitor and interleukin-17 inhibitor are available but recently Janus kinase inhibitors have also shown efficacy in improving symptoms of the disease.
Every Time
Authors: Alex Ruuska
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Engineered Tissue Models to Replicate Dynamic Interactions within the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche
Authors: Aidan E. Gilchrist, Brendan A. C. Harley
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Hematopoietic stem cells are the progenitors of the blood and immune system and represent the most widely used regenerative therapy. However, their rarity and limited donor base necessitate the design of ex vivo systems that support HSC expansion without the loss of long-term stem cell activity. This review describes recent advances in biomaterials systems to replicate features of the hematopoietic niche. Inspired by the native bone marrow, these instructive biomaterials provide stimuli and cues from cocultured niche-associated cells to support HSC encapsulation and expansion. Engineered systems increasingly enable study of the dynamic nature of the matrix and biomolecular environment as well as the role of cell-cell signaling (e.g., autocrine feedback vs paracrine signaling between dissimilar cells). The inherent coupling of material properties, biotransport of cell-secreted factors, and cell-mediated remodeling motivate dynamic biomaterial systems as well as characterization and modeling tools capable of evaluating a temporally evolving tissue microenvironment. Recent advances in HSC identification and tracking, model-based experimental design, and single-cell culture platforms facilitate the study of the effect of constellations of matrix, cell, and soluble factor signals on HSC fate. While inspired by the HSC niche, these tools are amenable to the broader stem cell engineering community.
Higher-Dose Naloxone Nasal Spray (Kloxxado) for Opioid Overdose
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
184P Association of tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) with immunotherapy outcomes in patients in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: T. Gorría Puga, C. Teixidó, E. Auclin, I. Gataa, I. Nalda, R. Reyes, A. Rodriguez, M. Riudavets Melia, M. Aldea, E. Seguí, G. Riu, A. Arcocha, A. Prat, N. Viñolas, D. Planchard, D. Martinez, N. Reguart, J. Adam, B. Besse, L. Mezquita
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
It Is Time to Focus on Pustular Psoriasis
Authors: Edward W. Cowen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal