tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine in Nepal: final results of a phase 3, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Mila Shakya, Merryn Voysey, Katherine Theiss-Nyland, Rachel Colin-Jones, Dikshya Pant, Anup Adhikari, Susan Tonks, Yama F Mujadidi, Peter O’Reilly, Olga Mazur, Sarah Kelly, Xinxue Liu, Archana Maharjan, Ashata Dahal, Naheeda Haque, Anisha Pradhan, Suchita Shrestha, Manij Joshi, Nicola Smith, Jennifer Hill, Jenny Clarke, Lisa Stockdale, Elizabeth Jones, Timothy Lubinda, Binod Bajracharya, Sabina Dongol, Abhilasha Karkey, Stephen Baker, Gordan Dougan, Virginia E Pitzer, Kathleen M Neuzil, Shrijana Shrestha, Buddha Basnyat, Andrew J Pollard
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

Typhoid fever is a major public health problem in low-resource settings. Vaccination can help curb the disease and might reduce transmission. We have previously reported an interim analysis of the efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in Nepali children. Here we report the final results after 2 years of follow-up.We did a participant-masked and observer-masked individually randomised trial in Lalitpur, Nepal, in which 20 019 children aged 9 months to younger than 16 years were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single dose of TCV (Typbar TCV, Bharat Biotech International, India) or capsular group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenA). Participants were followed up until April 9, 2020. The primary outcome was blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever. Cases were captured via passive surveillance and active telephone surveillance followed by medical record review. The trial is registered at ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN43385161 and is ongoing.From Nov 20, 2017, to April 9, 2018, of 20 119 children screened, 20 019 participants were randomly assigned to receive TCV or MenA vaccine. There were 75 cases of blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever included in the analysis (13 in the TCV group and 62 in the MenA group) over the 2-year period. The protective efficacy of TCV against blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever at 2 years was 79·0% (95% CI 61·9-88·5; p<0·0001). The incidence of typhoid fever was 72 (95% CI 38-123) cases per 100 000 person-years in the TCV group and 342 (95% CI 262-438) cases per 100 000 person-years in the MenA group. Adverse events occurring within the first 7 days post-vaccination were reported previously.The final results of this randomised, controlled trial are in keeping with the results of our published interim analysis. There is no evidence of waning protection over a 2-year period. These findings add further support for the WHO recommendations on control of enteric fever.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
P11.02 Targeting the Tumor Neovasculature in Lung Cancer: A Phase I Study of AMG 160 in Subjects With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: G. Blumenschein, T. Eggert, A. Shetty, M. Janát-Amsbury, H. Kouros-Mehr, A.S. Bhatia, V. Gupta, S. Tiso, M. Salvati, M. Boyer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Altered brown fat thermoregulation and enhanced cold-induced thermogenesis in young, healthy, winter-swimming men
Authors: Susanna Søberg, Johan Löfgren, Frederik E. Philipsen, Michal Jensen, Adam E. Hansen, Esben Ahrens, Kristin B. Nystrup, Rune D. Nielsen, Christine Sølling, Anne-Sophie Wedell-Neergaard, Marianne Berntsen, Annika Loft, Andreas Kjær, Zachary Gerhart-Hines, Helle H. Johannesen, Bente K. Pedersen, Kristian Karstoft, Camilla Scheele
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)

The Scandinavian winter-swimming culture combines brief dips in cold water with hot sauna sessions, with conceivable effects on body temperature. We study thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) in experienced winter-swimming men performing this activity 2–3 times per week. Our data suggest a lower thermal comfort state in the winter swimmers compared with controls, with a lower core temperature and absence of BAT activity. In response to cold, we observe greater increases in cold-induced thermogenesis and supraclavicular skin temperature in the winter swimmers, whereas BAT glucose uptake and muscle activity increase similarly to those of the controls. All subjects demonstrate nocturnal reduction in supraclavicular skin temperature, whereas a distinct peak occurs at 4:30–5:30 a.m. in the winter swimmers. Our data leverage understanding of BAT in adult human thermoregulation, suggest both heat and cold acclimation in winter swimmers, and propose winter swimming as a potential strategy for increasing energy expenditure.
Pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome – a joint scientific statement from the Heart Failure Association Takotsubo Syndrome Study Group and Myocardial Function Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology – Part 2: vascular pathophysiology, gender and sex hormones, genetics, chronic cardiovascular problems and clinical implications
Authors: Elmir Omerovic, Rodolfo Citro, Eduardo Bossone, Bjorn Redfors, Johannes Backs, Bastian Bruns, Michele Ciccarelli, Liam S. Couch, Dana Dawson, Guido Grassi, Massimo Iacoviello, Guido Parodi, Birke Schneider, Christian Templin, Jelena R. Ghadri, Thomas Thum, Ovidiu Chioncel, C. Gabriele Tocchetti, Jolanda van der Velden, Stephane Heymans, Alexander R. Lyon
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)

While the first part of the scientific statement on the pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome was focused on catecholamines and the sympathetic nervous system, in the second part we focus on the vascular pathophysiology including coronary and systemic vascular responses, the role of the central and peripheral nervous systems during the acute phase and abnormalities in the subacute phase, the gender differences and integrated effects of sex hormones, genetics of Takotsubo syndrome including insights from microRNA studies and inducible pluripotent stem cell models of Takotsubo syndrome. We then discuss the chronic abnormalities of cardiovascular physiology in survivors, the limitations of current clinical and preclinical studies, the implications of the knowledge of pathophysiology for clinical management and future perspectives and directions of research.
Covid-19: Silencing health workers, researchers, and journalists caused unnecessary deaths, says Amnesty
Authors: Luke Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Governments are causing unnecessary covid-19 deaths by trying to silence healthcare workers, journalists, and researchers, Amnesty International has said

By clamping down on freedom of expression they have damaged peoples’ ability to access accurate and timely information to help them respond to the global health crisis, the human rights group said in a report Silenced and Misinformed: Freedom of Expression in Danger During Covid-19 .1 Simultaneously, big tech has amplified the reach of inaccurate and dangerous information.

“Communication channels have been targeted, social media has been censored, and media outlets have been closed down—having a dire impact on the public’s ability to access vital information about how to deal with covid-19,” said Rajat Khosla, Amnesty International’s senior director for research advocacy and policy.

Authoritarian governments like China, Nicaragua, and Russia have enacted new information …
C C chemokine ligand 3 deficiency ameliorates diet-induced steatohepatitis by regulating liver macrophage recruitment and M1/M2 status in mice
Authors: Liang Xu, Yongping Chen, Mayumi Nagashimada, Yinhua Ni, Fen Zhuge, Guanliang Chen, Haoran Li, Tongtong Pan, Tatsuya Yamashita, Naofumi Mukaida, Shuichi Kaneko, Tsuguhito Ota, Naoto Nagata
Journal: Metabolism (2021)
Dietary intake and biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Sina Naghshi, Dagfinn Aune, Joseph Beyene, Sara Mobarak, Masoomeh Asadi, Omid Sadeghi
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Abstract Objective To examine the associations between dietary intake and tissue biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Data sources PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to 30 April 2021. Study selection Prospective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from all causes, CVD, and cancer. Data synthesis Summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the highest versus lowest categories of ALA intake using random effects and fixed effects models. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted to assess the dose-response associations between ALA intake and mortality. Results 41 articles from prospective cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, totalling 1 197 564 participants. During follow-up ranging from two to 32 years, 198 113 deaths from all causes, 62 773 from CVD, and 65 954 from cancer were recorded. High intake of ALA compared with low intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of deaths from all causes (pooled relative risk 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.97, I 2 =77.8%, 15 studies), CVD (0.92, 0.86 to 0.99, I 2 =48.2%, n=16), and coronary heart disease (CHD) (0.89, 0.81 to 0.97, I 2 =5.6%, n=9), and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality (1.06, 1.02 to 1.11, I 2 =3.8%, n=10). In the dose-response analysis, a 1 g/day increase in ALA intake (equivalent to one tablespoon of canola oil or 0.5 ounces of walnut) was associated with a 5% lower risk of all cause (0.95, 0.91 to 0.99, I 2 =76.2%, n=12) and CVD mortality (0.95, 0.91 to 0.98, I 2 =30.7%, n=14). The pooled relative risks for the highest compared with lowest tissue levels of ALA indicated a significant inverse association with all cause mortality (0.95, 0.90 to 0.99, I 2 =8.2%, n=26). Also, based on the dose-response analysis, each 1 standard deviation increment in blood concentrations of ALA was associated with a lower risk of CHD mortality (0.92, 0.86 to 0.98, I 2 =37.1%, n=14). Conclusions The findings show that dietary ALA intake is associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and CHD, and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality, whereas higher blood levels of ALA are associated with a reduced risk of all cause and CHD mortality only. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42021229487.
Cervicocerebral atherosclerosis and its hepatic and coronary risk factors in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Jihyun An, Hyung-Don Kim, Seon-Ok Kim, Ha Il Kim, Gi-Won Song, Han Chu Lee, Ju Hyun Shim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2021)

Background/Aims: We aimed to investigate the silent atherosclerotic burden of cervicocephalic vessels in cirrhotic patients compared with the general population, as well as the relevant risk factors including coronary parameters.Methods: This study included 993 stroke-free patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) who underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the head and neck as a pre-liver transplant assessment and 6,099 health checkup participants who underwent MRA examination. The two cohorts were matched for cerebrovascular risk factors, and the prevalence of atherosclerosis in major intracranial and extracranial arteries was compared in 755 matched pairs. Moreover, traditional, hepatic, and coronary variables related to cerebral atherosclerosis were assessed in cirrhotic patients.Results: Overall, intracranial atherosclerosis was significantly less prevalent in the LC group than in the matched control group (2.3% vs. 5.4%, P=0.002), whereas the prevalence of extracranial atherosclerosis was similar (4.4% vs. 5.8%, P=0.242). These results were maintained in multivariate analyses of the pooled samples, with corresponding adjusted odds ratios [ORs] of LC of 0.56 and 0.77 (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.36–0.88 and 0.55–1.09). In the LC group, lower platelet count was inversely correlated with intracranial atherosclerosis (adjusted OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13–0.76). Coronary artery calcium (CAC) score ≥100 was the only predictive factor for both intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis (adjusted ORs, 4.06 and 5.43, respectively).Conclusions: LC confers protection against intracranial atherosclerosis, and thrombocytopenia may be involved in this protective effect. High CAC score could serve as a potential surrogate for cervicocerebral vascular screening in asymptomatic cirrhotic patients.
Human ALS/FTD brain organoid slice cultures display distinct early astrocyte and targetable neuronal pathology
Authors: Kornélia Szebényi, Léa M. D. Wenger, Yu Sun, Alexander W. E. Dunn, Colleen A. Limegrover, George M. Gibbons, Elena Conci, Ole Paulsen, Susanna B. Mierau, Gabriel Balmus, András Lakatos
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2021)

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis overlapping with frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) is a fatal and currently untreatable disease characterized by rapid cognitive decline and paralysis. Elucidating initial cellular pathologies is central to therapeutic target development, but obtaining samples from presymptomatic patients is not feasible. Here, we report the development of a cerebral organoid slice model derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that recapitulates mature cortical architecture and displays early molecular pathology of C9ORF72 ALS/FTD. Using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and biological assays, we reveal distinct transcriptional, proteostasis and DNA repair disturbances in astroglia and neurons. We show that astroglia display increased levels of the autophagy signaling protein P62 and that deep layer neurons accumulate dipeptide repeat protein poly(GA), DNA damage and undergo nuclear pyknosis that could be pharmacologically rescued by GSK2606414. Thus, patient-specific iPSC-derived cortical organoid slice cultures are a reproducible translational platform to investigate preclinical ALS/FTD mechanisms as well as novel therapeutic approaches.
Abstract 231: Predicting Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Results of a National Registry
Authors: Katharina Stelzig, Hans-Jörg Busch, Undine Pittl, Rüdiger Pfeifer, Dirk Killermann, Sebastian Wolfrum
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Advanced post-resuscitation care including mild therapeutic hypothermia reduces mortality and improves neurological outcome after OHCA. The aim of the current registry is to identify clinical parameters in OHCA patients treated with a modern post-resuscitation care in order to identify predictors of survival and neurological recovery. Methods and Results: Data sets of 881 OHCA patients treated between 2002-2011 in 4 German university hospitals were analyzed retrospectively. ICU mortality was 36.5% increasing to 45.6% and 53.9% after 1 and 6 months, respectively. Several factors, such as age, initial rhythm, duration of no-flow phase and others were identified as predictive factors for 6 months mortality but not for a survival with good neurological outcome. Interestingly,temperature between hours 8 and 36 after start of cooling were lower in long-term survivors as compared to those who died (Fig A). There was no effect of cooling velocity, duration of cooling and re-warming velocity neither on survival nor neurological recovery after 6 months . In 497 patients neuron specific enolase (NSE) was measured. NSE levels between day 1 and 3 significantly predicted survival (Fig B) and a cut-off of 80µg/L was identified for a markedly increased mortality. Conclusions: Even after implementation of an improved post resuscitation care, mortality after cardiac arrest is still high. Interestingly, target temperature slightly above the corridor of 32-34°C is associated with increased mortality. Furthermore, in this large cohort NSE has been shown to be a good predictor of long-term mortality with a cut-off markedly higher than previously proposed in the pre-hypothermia era.
Effect of change in vaccine schedule on pertussis epidemiology in France: a modelling and serological study
Authors: Juliette Paireau, Sophie Guillot, Fatima Aït El Belghiti, Soraya Matczak, Sabine Trombert-Paolantoni, Véronique Jacomo, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Henrik Salje, Sylvain Brisse, Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Simon Cauchemez, Julie Toubiana
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2021)
A Research Agenda for Precision Medicine in Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement
Authors: Faraaz Ali Shah, Nuala J. Meyer, Derek C. Angus, Rana Awdish, Élie Azoulay, Carolyn S. Calfee, Gilles Clermont, Anthony C. Gordon, Arthur Kwizera, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, John C. Marshall, Carmen Mikacenic, Pratik Sinha, Balasubramanian Venkatesh, Hector R. Wong, Fernando G. Zampieri, Sachin Yende
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<OverviewIntroductionMethodsConceptual FrameworkRecommendationsSummaryReferences
Severe impairment of T-cell responses to BNT162b2 immunization in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Julius C. Enßle, Julia Campe, Amelie Schwenger, Eliza Wiercinska, Helen Hellstern, Ralf Dürrwald, Michael A. Rieger, Sebastian Wolf, Olivier Ballo, Björn Steffen, Hubert Serve, Halvard Bonig, Holger F. Rabenau, Marek Widera, Sandra Ciesek, Ivana von Metzler, Evelyn Ullrich
Journal: Blood (2021)
Addressing unmet needs from a new frontier of IBD: the South Asian IBD Alliance
Authors: Tina Aswani-Omprakash, Vishal Sharma, Shrinivas Bishu, Madhura Balasubramaniam, Sumit Bhatia, Neilanjan Nandi, Neha D Shah, Parakkal Deepak, Shaji Sebastian
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2021)
13P Incidental germline findings from tumor molecular profiling for precision oncology: Is it common and how to manage?
Authors: M. Ivanov, A. Lebedeva, D. Seriak, E. Rozhavskaya, M. Sharova, D. Vardhan, A. Baranova, J. Shaykhutdinova, V. Mileyko
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
P70.01 KRAS G12C Mutations Among NSCLC Patients Present With a High Intrerregional Variation, Indicating a Population Substructure
Authors: A. Ruiz-Patiño, J.K. Rodriguez, J. Avila Coy, P. Archila, A. Cardona Zorrilla, C. Sotelo, H. Carranza, C. Vargas, J. Otero, M. Bermudez, T. Gamez, O. Arrieta, L Zatarain Barron, L.L. Rojas Puentes, L. Corrales, C. Martin, J.E. Garcia-Robledo, N.D. Santoyo Sarmiento, C. Rolfo, R. Rosell
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Focusing on Digital Health Equity
Authors: Courtney R. Lyles, Robert M. Wachter, Urmimala Sarkar
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DNA binding to TLR9 expressed by red blood cells promotes innate immune activation and anemia
Authors: L. K. Metthew Lam, Sophia Murphy, Dimitra Kokkinaki, Alessandro Venosa, Scott Sherrill-Mix, Carla Casu, Stefano Rivella, Aaron Weiner, Jeongho Park, Sunny Shin, Andrew E. Vaughan, Beatrice H. Hahn, Audrey R. Odom John, Nuala J. Meyer, Christopher A. Hunter, G. Scott Worthen, Nilam S. Mangalmurti
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Red blood cells detect and bind cell-free nucleic acids, contributing to anemia and immune cell activation during acute inflammation.
Tunable 3D Hydrogel Microchannel Networks to Study Confined Mammalian Cell Migration
Authors: Katharina Siemsen, Sunil Rajput, Florian Rasch, Fereydoon Taheri, Rainer Adelung, Jan Lammerding, Christine Selhuber‐Unkel
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Cells adapt and move due to chemical, physical, and mechanical cues from their microenvironment. It is therefore important to create materials that mimic human tissue physiology by surface chemistry, architecture, and dimensionality to control cells in biomedical settings. The impact of the environmental architecture is particularly relevant in the context of cancer cell metastasis, where cells migrate through small constrictions in their microenvironment to invade surrounding tissues. Here, a synthetic hydrogel scaffold with an interconnected, random, 3D microchannel network is presented that is functionalized with collagen to promote cell adhesion. It is shown that cancer cells can invade such scaffolds within days, and both the microarchitecture and stiffness of the hydrogel modulate cell invasion and nuclear dynamics of the cells. Specifically, it is found that cell migration through the microchannels is a function of hydrogel stiffness. In addition to this, it is shown that the hydrogel stiffness and confinement, influence the occurrence of nuclear envelope ruptures of cells. The tunable hydrogel microarchitecture and stiffness thus provide a novel tool to investigate cancer cell invasion as a function of the 3D microenvironment. Furthermore, the material provides a promising strategy to control cell positioning, migration, and cellular function in biological applications, such as tissue engineering.
Characteristics and Outcome of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and t(6;9)(p22;q34)
Authors: Sabine Kayser, Robert K. Hills, Marlise R. Luskin, Andrew M. Brunner, Carole Shaw, Joerg Westermann, Kamal Menghrajani, Maria R. Baer, Michelle A. Elliott, Alexander E. Perl, Christine Terré, Zdenek Racil, Jiri Mayer, Pavel Zak, Tomas Szotkowski, David Grimwade, Karin Mayer, Roland B. Walter, Alwin Krämer, Alan K. Burnett, Anthony D. Ho, Richard M. Stone, Martin S. Tallman, Elihu H. Estey, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Nigel H. Russell, Richard F. Schlenk, Mark J. Levis
Journal: Blood (2017)
P14.04 A Phase 2 Multicenter Study of Iovance Autologous Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL, LN-145) Cell Therapy in Patients With Metastatic NSCLC
Authors: E. Massarelli, A. Schoenfeld, J. Chesney, Y. Hong, P. Lammers, J. Nieva, T. Wise-Draper, Z. Goldberg, A. Cacovean, B. Yadav, G. Chen, M. Jagasia, F. Graf Finckenstein, M. Fardis, A. Sukari
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
P-162 Universally adopted vitamin D deficiency cutoff of 10 ng/mL is optimal for metastatic colorectal cancer prognostication and correlated with neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
Authors: M. Rofei, C. Morelli, S. Riondino, S. Guerriero, G. Parisi, R. Argiró, D. Nitti, F. Guadagni, V. Formica, M. Roselli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
P39.02 Does Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy Help in Locally Advanced Thymic Maliganancy?
Authors: S. Kodaganur Gopinath, A. Ashok, C. Vemuri, D. Niyogi, G. Karimundackal, V. Tiwari, S. Jiwnani, C. Pramesh
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
P24.05 Using Liquid Biopsies to Guide First-Line Therapy Decisions in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: L. Raez, K. Brice, K. Dumais, A. Lopez-Cohen, D. Wietecha, L. Drusbosky, P. Izquierdo, H. Dada, E. Santos, H. Powery
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)