tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CXCR4 PET/MRI for follow-up of gastric mucosa–associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma after first-line <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication
Authors: Marius E. Mayerhoefer, Markus Raderer, Wolfgang Lamm, Michael Weber, Barbara Kiesewetter, Johannes Rohrbeck, Ingrid Simonitsch-Klupp, Marcus Hacker, Asha Leisser, Lukas Nics, Stefan Schmitl, Hans-Juergen Wester, Alexander Haug
Journal: Blood (2021)

Posttreatment evaluation of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma currently relies on esophagogastroduodenoscopy with histological assessment of biopsies. Overexpression of the G protein-coupled C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) has been previously observed in MALT lymphoma. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate positron emission tomography (PET) with the novel CXCR4 tracer [68Ga]Pentixafor as a potential alternative to follow up biopsies for assessment of residual disease (noncomplete remission [CR]) after first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication. Forty-six post-H pylori eradication [68Ga]Pentixafor-PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 26 gastric MALT lymphoma patients, and 20 [68Ga]Pentixafor-PET/MRI examinations of 20 control group patients without lymphoma, were analyzed. In the MALT lymphoma group, time-matched gastric biopsies were used as reference standard and showed CR in 6 cases. Pooled examination-based accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of [68Ga]Pentixafor-PET for detection of residual gastric MALT lymphoma at follow-up were 97.0%, 95.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 92.9%, respectively. Maximum and mean PET standardized uptake values showed moderate correlation with immunohistochemistry-based CXCR4+ cell counts, with correlation coefficients of r = 0.51 and r = 0.52 (P = .008 and P = .006). In summary, CXCR4 imaging with [68Ga]Pentixafor-PET may represent a promising test for assessment of residual gastric MALT lymphomas after H pylori eradication.
Surviving Covid-19 with Heparin?
Authors: Victoria Werth, Pascal Joly, Diana Chen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

As Hopkins et al. note, mycophenolate mofetil at doses of 2 g and 3 g has been used for the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris.The 2015 guidelines recommend the use of mycophenolate mofetil at a daily dose of 2 g. 1 We considered treatment with mycophenolate mofetil with the dose adjusted to 2 g per day by week 2, continuing through week 52, as acceptable because of the risk-benefit ratio in a previous randomized trial that showed no significant difference between doses of 2 g per day (in 21 patients) and 3 g per day (in 37 patients) with regard to time to response and duration of response, although the higher dose was associated with more side effects. 2 In our trial, prednisone (approximately 1 to 1.5 mg per kilogram per day) was given with mycophenolate mofetil, whereas in the trial cited by Hopkins and colleagues, mycophenolate mofetil at a dose of 35 to 45 mg per kilogram per day was given to patients who had a relapse during the prednisone taper (<0.5 mg or 0.5 to 1 mg per kilogram per day). 3The prednisone-tapering regimen in our trial was designed to minimize high doses and prolonged use.Tapering was initiated only when the disease was controlled.Investigators could taper the prednisone dose more slowly, as needed.In fact, a higher percentage of patients who were receiving mycophenolate mofetil than of those who were receiving rituximab continued to take prednisone for longer than 24 weeks.
Efficacy and safety of suprascapular nerve block combined with axillary nerve block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jinlong Zhao, Nanjun Xu, Jiahui Li, Guihong Liang, Lingfeng Zeng, Minghui Luo, Jianke Pan, Weiyi Yang, Jun Liu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2021)

A variety of peripheral nerve block methods are used in the clinic to enhance the effect of postoperative analgesia. In recent years, an increasing number of surgeons have considered the efficacy and safety of suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) combined with axillary nerve block (ANB) for controlling perioperative pain in shoulder arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of SSNB + ANB and interscalene block (ISB) versus SSNB alone for shoulder arthroscopic surgery.Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1.The protocol for this meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021254008). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and CNKI were searched for RCTs from inception to April 30, 2021. A meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.3 to calculate the RR or WMD of related outcome indicators.Nine RCTs involving 543 cases from 5 countries were included. Compared with SSNB alone, SSNB + ANB was more effective at pain relief at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h postoperatively. In terms of patient satisfaction score, scores for SSNB + ANB at 12 (WMD = 2.01, 95% CI = 0.25 to 3.78) and 24 (WMD = 1.68, 95% CI = 0.11 to 3.24) hours after the operation were higher than those of SSNB alone, but there was no significant difference at 36 and 48 h postsurgery. There was no significant difference in pain score between SSNB + ANB and ISB at 6 and 12 h after surgery or in patient satisfaction at 24 h (WMD = 0.13, 95% CI = -0.36 to 0.63) postsurgery between SSNB + ANB and ISB. In terms of safety, compared with ISB, SSNB + ANB reduced the incidence of dyspnea (RR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.68).Compared with SSNB alone, SSNB + ANB has better advantages regarding pain relief and patient satisfaction within 24 h after surgery. Compared with ISB, SSNB + ANB shows no difference in postoperative pain relief or patient satisfaction, but SSNB + ANB can reduce the incidence of dyspnea more than ISB.
Building out lifelines for safety, trust, empowerment, and renewal: Development, feasibility, and acceptability of the BOLSTER intervention for patients with gynecologic cancers and their caregivers.
Authors: Rachel A. Pozzar, Andrea Catherine Enzinger, Meghan Orechia, Embree Thompson, Ann Furey, Anny THR Fenton, Hanneke Poort, Mary E. Cooley, Heidi AS Donovan, Ilana Braun, Margaret Dinardo, Andrea Demarsh, Alexi A. Wright
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

187 Background: Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) afflicts over half of women with advanced gynecologic (GYN) cancers. Patients with PC often require ostomies, gastric tubes, or catheters to palliate their symptoms, yet patients and caregivers report feeling unprepared to manage these devices at home. Our aims were to develop and assess the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention (BOLSTER) to support patients with GYN cancers and their caregivers after hospitalization for PC. Methods: We used the ADAPT-ITT approach to adapt components of the Standard Nursing Intervention Protocol for the target population. First, we assembled a team of stakeholders and topical experts to identify gaps in patient resources. Next, we developed patient- and family-centered educational materials. We augmented written materials with illustrations and produced short videos of patients and caregivers managing medical devices. We developed a protocolized manual for a baccalaureate-prepared nurse to provide care coordination, skills training, and symptom management education across several in-person or telehealth visits. We also created a smartphone application to assess patient-reported outcomes, deliver tailored educational content, and trigger clinical action between visits. Finally, we assessed the feasibility and acceptability of two iterations of BOLSTER in single-arm pilot studies of English-speaking adult patients hospitalized for PC and their caregivers. We defined feasibility as a ≥50% consent-to-approach ratio and acceptability as ≥70% of participants recommending BOLSTER. Results: Intervention characteristics during and the results of each single-arm pilot study are shown in Table. In the first single-arm pilot, 2/4 participants declined home visits, 2/4 wished BOLSTER were shorter, and 3/4 desired access to BOLSTER earlier in their disease course. For the second single-arm pilot, we expanded participant eligibility criteria, eliminated home visits, and reduced the duration of the intervention. Conclusions: BOLSTER is a technology-enhanced, nurse-led care management intervention that is feasible and acceptable to patients with GYN cancer-associated PC and their caregivers. A randomized controlled pilot study of BOLSTER represents a logical next step. Clinical trial information: NCT03367247. [Table: see text]
Recent advances and new discoveries in the pipeline of the treatment of primary spinal tumors and spinal metastases: a scoping review of registered clinical studies from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Julio C Furlan, Jefferson R Wilson, Eric M Massicotte, Arjun Sahgal, Michael G Fehlings
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

The field of spinal oncology has substantially evolved over the past decades. This review synthesizes and appraises what was learned and what will potentially be discovered from the recently completed and ongoing clinical studies related to the treatment of primary and secondary spinal neoplasms. This scoping review included all clinical studies on the treatment of spinal neoplasms registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov website from February 2000 to December 2020. The terms "spinal cord tumor," "spinal metastasis," and "metastatic spinal cord compression" were used. Of the 174 registered clinical studies on primary spinal tumors and spinal metastasis, most of the clinical studies registered in this American registry were interventional studies led by single institutions in North America (n = 101), Europe (n = 43), Asia (n = 24), or other continents (n = 6). The registered clinical studies mainly focused on treatment strategies for spinal neoplasms (90.2%) that included investigating stereotactic radiosurgery (n = 33), radiotherapy (n = 21), chemotherapy (n = 20), and surgical technique (n = 11). Of the 69 completed studies, the results from 44 studies were published in the literature. In conclusion, this review highlights the key features of the 174 clinical studies on spinal neoplasms that were registered from 2000 to 2020. Clinical trials were heavily skewed toward the metastatic population as opposed to the primary tumors which likely reflects the rarity of the latter condition and associated challenges in undertaking prospective clinical studies in this population. This review serves to emphasize the need for a focused approach to enhancing translational research in spinal neoplasms with a particular emphasis on primary tumors.
Whole-body PET Imaging of T-cell Response to Glioblastoma
Authors: Tomomi W. Nobashi, Aaron T. Mayer, Zunyu Xiao, Carmel T. Chan, Aisling M. Chaney, Michelle L. James, Sanjiv S. Gambhir
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: Immunotherapy is a promising approach for many oncological malignancies, including glioblastoma, however, there are currently no available tools or biomarkers to accurately assess whole-body immune responses in patients with glioblastoma treated with immunotherapy. Here, the utility of OX40, a costimulatory molecule mainly expressed on activated effector T cells known to play an important role in eliminating cancer cells, was evaluated as a PET imaging biomarker to quantify and track response to immunotherapy. Experimental Design: A subcutaneous vaccination approach of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, OX40 mAb, and tumor lysate at a remote site in a murine orthotopic glioma model was developed to induce activation of T cells distantly while monitoring their distribution in stimulated lymphoid organs with respect to observed therapeutic effects. To detect OX40-positive T cells, we utilized our in-house–developed 89Zr-DFO-OX40 mAb and in vivo PET/CT imaging. Results: ImmunoPET with 89Zr-DFO-OX40 mAb revealed strong OX40-positive responses with high specificity, not only in the nearest lymph node from vaccinated area (mean, 20.8%ID/cc) but also in the spleen (16.7%ID/cc) and the tumor draining lymph node (11.4%ID/cc). When the tumor was small (&amp;lt;106 p/sec/cm2/sr in bioluminescence imaging), a high number of responders and percentage shrinkage in tumor signal was indicated after only a single cycle of vaccination. Conclusions: The results highlight the promise of clinically translating cancer vaccination as a potential glioma therapy, as well as the benefits of monitoring efficacy of these treatments using immunoPET imaging of T-cell activation.
Decreased Incidence of Infections Caused by Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food During the COVID-19 Pandemic — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2017–2020
Authors: Logan C. Ray, Jennifer P. Collins, Patricia M. Griffin, Hazel J. Shah, Michelle M. Boyle, Paul R. Cieslak, John Dunn, Sarah Lathrop, Suzanne McGuire, Tamara Rissman, Elaine J Scallan Walter, Kirk Smith, Melissa Tobin-D’Angelo, Katie Wymore, Joanna Zablotsky Kufel, Beverly J. Wolpert, Robert Tauxe, Daniel C. Payne
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Foodborne illnesses are a substantial and largely preventable public health problem; before 2020 the incidence of most infections transmitted commonly through food had not declined for many years. To evaluate progress toward prevention of foodborne illnesses in the United States, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of CDC's Emerging Infections Program monitors the incidence of laboratory-diagnosed infections caused by eight pathogens transmitted commonly through food reported by 10 U.S. sites.* FoodNet is a collaboration among CDC, 10 state health departments, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS), and the Food and Drug Administration. This report summarizes preliminary 2020 data and describes changes in incidence with those during 2017-2019. During 2020, observed incidences of infections caused by enteric pathogens decreased 26% compared with 2017-2019; infections associated with international travel decreased markedly. The extent to which these reductions reflect actual decreases in illness or decreases in case detection is unknown. On March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. After the declaration, state and local officials implemented stay-at-home orders, restaurant closures, school and child care center closures, and other public health interventions to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1). Federal travel restrictions were declared (1). These widespread interventions as well as other changes to daily life and hygiene behaviors, including increased handwashing, have likely changed exposures to foodborne pathogens. Other factors, such as changes in health care delivery, health care-seeking behaviors, and laboratory testing practices, might have decreased the detection of enteric infections. As the pandemic continues, surveillance of illness combined with data from other sources might help to elucidate the factors that led to the large changes in 2020; this understanding could lead to improved strategies to prevent illness. To reduce the incidence of these infections concerted efforts are needed, from farm to processing plant to restaurants and homes. Consumers can reduce their risk of foodborne illness by following safe food-handling and preparation recommendations.
Patients’ perspective on the quality of prostate cancer follow-up care.
Authors: Barbara M. Wollersheim, Henk G. van der Poel, Kristel M. van Asselt, Floris J. Pos, Emine Akdemir, Andre Vis, Menuhin I. Lampe, Roderick van den Bergh, Diederik Meindert Somford, Ben Knipscheer, Evelyne C.C. Cauberg, Arjen Noordzij, Neil K Aaronson, Annelies H. Boekhout, Lonneke V van de Poll-Franse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

175 Background: Information about prostate cancer patients’ perspective on the quality of their follow-up care in the hospital is important to optimize survivorship care. This study assessed the quality of prostate cancer follow-up care as experienced by cancer patients and its association with patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and treatment-related symptom burden. Methods: We surveyed 385 (response rate, 100%) patients with localized prostate cancer participating in a randomized controlled trial comparing the (cost)effectiveness of specialist- versus primary care-based prostate cancer follow-up. For this study, we used baseline data that were collected during patients’ first follow-up visit at the hospital (2-34 weeks) after primary treatment (radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy) prior to randomization. We assessed patients’ ratings of the quality of follow-up care using the Assessment of Patient Experiences of Cancer Care survey. This survey consists of thirteen scales: getting needed care, timeliness of care, waiting time in physician’s office, information exchange, physician’s affective behavior, physicians’ knowledge about patients’ life, interaction with nurses, interaction with office staff, symptom management, symptom information provision, health promotion, coordination of care, and overall rating of care. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with perceived quality of follow-up care. Results: Patients reported positive experiences with follow-up care for 10 of 13 scales, with mean scores ranging from 72 to 97 (on a 0-100 response scale). The three scales where patients reported suboptimal follow-up care were symptom management (mean score of 43), health promotion (mean score of 45), and physicians’ knowledge about patients’ life (mean score of 66). Overall, patients’ report of suboptimal quality of follow-up care was associated significantly with being more highly educated, not having a partner, being older, having multiple comorbidities, and experiencing symptoms (urinary, bowel, and hormonal symptoms). Conclusions: Prostate cancer patients were generally positive about their initial, hospital-based follow-up care after primary surgery or radiation. However, physicians’ knowledge about patients’ lives, symptom management, and health promotion was rated as suboptimal. The findings point to areas where prostate cancer survivorship care can be improved.
Synchronous Recurrence of Metachronous Lung Cancer and Hodgkin Lymphoma Within an Axillary Lymph Node Isolated on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Marco Enoch Lee, James Yuheng Jiang, Nicholas Mckay Parry, Deme Karikios, Robert Mansberg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract An 82-year-old man with a background of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in remission, resected left lower lobe adenocarcinoma (stage IA), and resected cutaneous melanoma of the left forearm more than 5 years prior presented with cerebral metastatic disease. Excision biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma of lung origin. Further evaluation with 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated FDG-avid disease in the right thorax, axilla, and lower neck and isolated cutaneous uptake in the right forearm. Lymph node biopsy confirmed synchronous mantle cell lymphoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Pulmonary BCG induces lung-resident macrophage activation and confers long-term protection against tuberculosis
Authors: Elena Mata, Raquel Tarancon, Claudia Guerrero, Eduardo Moreo, Flavie Moreau, Santiago Uranga, Ana Belen Gomez, Dessislava Marinova, Miriam Domenech, Fernando Gonzalez-Camacho, Marta Monzon, Juan Badiola, Jorge Dominguez-Andres, Jose Yuste, Alberto Anel, Antonio Peixoto, Carlos Martin, Nacho Aguilo
Journal: Science Immunology (2021)

Pulmonary BCG administration induces protection against tuberculosis infection via lung macrophage activation.
P13.10 Chemoattraction of glioma cells in a local hydrogel trap and immune control associated with improved survival and cognitive functions in a mouse model of glioblastoma resection
Authors: H Castel, E Laillet De Montulle, M Dubois, F Ferracci, A Mutel, K Dembele, L Desrues, S Derrey, O Langlois, O Chever, P Gandolfo, F Morin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive brain primary tumor. The prognosis remains poor mainly due to the invasiveness of glioma cells, radio and/or chemoresistance and GB-induced immunosuppressive environment. Here, we propose to use a local delivery system based on a biocompatible hydrogel containing the chemopeptide urotensin II (hUII) or a biased synthetic analog DAB8-hUII, to “trap” GB cells, and/or to control immune cells expressing its G protein-coupled receptor UT, leading to tumor regression and neurological benefit, in a mouse model of GB resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro, invasion towards UII/analog across different hydrogels or glue of human or murine GB-GFP cell lines was evaluated in Boyden chamber and cloning ring assays. In vivo GB cells were intrastriatally xenografted, then resected while hydrogel- or glue-containing UII/analog was injected in the cavity resection. Behavioral tests, brain immunohistochemical analyses and mouse survival were then investigated. RESULTS In vitro, invasive capacity of human U87 and 42MG or murine GL261 and CT2A GB cells was stimulated by UII loaded into hydrogel-based hyaluronic acid supplemented with collagen or other chemicals, PNIPAAm-PEG, or thrombin-fibrin glue. In vivo, injection of UII- or DAB8-hUII-loaded glue into the cavity resection of GL261 and CT2A GB in C57BL/6 mice significantly improved survival compared with tumor and resected experimental conditions. Neurological status was also tested before and after GB resection. We found that GL261 and CT2A cell-bearing mice expressed altered spontaneous activity, emotion and cognitive functions. Intracavity injection of the glue improved resignation and anxiety and increased motor activity and cognition with a best cognitive recovery with hUII and DAB-8-hUII-loaded glue groups. Ex vivo brain analyses revealed high expression of UT and UII in some GB GFP-positive cells and macrophages within GB core and at the interface with the normal brain, GB cells expressing UT migrating along tortuous podocalyxin+ vascular components. In brains bearing hydrogel/hUII glue, vascularization appears modified and GFAP+ astrocytes and F4/80+ macrophages were highly recruited in the border of the cavity, compared with the other conditions. CONCLUSION A local glue containing UII may trap GB cells and remodel the tumor microenvironment responsible for survival and cognitive improvements, providing new option in the therapeutic arsenal of GB.
Checkpoint Blockade + Chemotherapy: the Right Combination for AML?
Authors: Spencer C. Wei, James J. Mancuso, Naval Daver, James P. Allison
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2021)

Summary: An emerging strategy to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in relapsed/refractory cancers is increasing immunogenic cell death via combination with cytotoxic therapies. Understanding the effects of cytotoxic and immunotherapeutic agents on immune cell populations will enable improved mechanism-based design of combination therapies to maximum efficacy and minimum toxicity. See related article by Zeidner et al., p. 616.