tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION NEWS.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Population-Based Newborn Screening for Germline <i>TP53</i> Variants: Clinical Benefits, Cost-Effectiveness, and Value of Further Research
Authors: Natalia Kunst, Natasha K Stout, Grace O’Brien, Kurt D Christensen, Pamela M McMahon, Ann Chen Wu, Lisa R Diller, Jennifer M Yeh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Identification of children and infants with Li-Fraumeni syndrome prompts tumor surveillance and allows potential early cancer detection. We assessed the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of population-wide newborn screening for TP53 variants (TP53-NBS).We simulated the impact of TP53-NBS using data regarding TP53-associated pediatric cancers and pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) TP53 variants from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; ClinVar and gnomAD; and clinical studies. We simulated an annual US birth cohort under usual care and TP53-NBS and estimated clinical benefits, life-years, and costs associated with usual care and TP53-NBS.Under usual care, of 4 million newborns, 608 (uncertainty interval [UI] = 581-636) individuals would develop TP53-associated cancers before age 20 years. Under TP53-NBS, 894 individuals would have P/LP TP53 variants detected. These individuals would undergo routine surveillance after detection of P/LP TP53 variants decreasing the number of cancer-related deaths by 7.2% (UI = 4.0%-12.1%) overall via early malignancy detection. Compared with usual care, TP53-NBS had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $106 009 per life-year gained. Probabilistic analysis estimated a 40% probability that TP53-NBS would be cost-effective given a $100 000 per life-year gained willingness-to-pay threshold. Using this threshold, a value of information analysis found that additional research on the prevalence of TP53 variants among rhabdomyosarcoma cases would resolve most of the decision uncertainty, resulting in an expected benefit of 349 life-years gained (or $36.6 million).We found that TP53-NBS could be cost-effective; however, our findings suggest that further research is needed to reduce the uncertainty in the potential health outcomes and costs associated with TP53-NBS.
Systemic Immune Response Syndrome After COVID-19 Immunization—Initial and Follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Appearances
Authors: Ayah Adel Nawwar, Julie Searle, Ian Hagan, Iain Douglas Lyburn
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 46-year-old woman with previous history of breast cancer had follow-up 18 F-FDG PET/CT 5 days after COVID-19 vaccination. In addition to avid axillary nodes, a well-documented feature, the scan demonstrated diffuse splenic and marrow uptake. Clinical history, laboratory, and scan findings were in keeping with SIRS (systemic inflammatory response). The patient recovered with supportive management. On follow-up, 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging 3 months later features had resolved. SIRS after vaccination may be observed on 18 F-FDG PET/CT.
Abstract 120: The CoExpressed 1a (Liver) Isoform of Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 1 is Critical to Cardiac Function and Transcriptional Activation of Metabolic Genes in Aging Hearts
Authors: Andrew Carley, Ahlke Heydemann, E. Douglas Lewandowski
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) 1 is the rate-limiting enzyme controlling long chain fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation in the heart. The muscle isoform, CPT1b, is predominantly expressed in heart along with the liver isoform, CPT1a, that is co-expressed at comparatively low levels. However, CPT1a content increases in response to pathological stress. Both neonatal and pathologically hypertrophied hearts display elevated CPT1a, despite low LCFA oxidation. To understand the role of cardiac CPT1a, cpt1a fl/fl (fl/fl) mice were crossed with mice heterozygous for cre recombinase under the control of the cardiac specific α-MHC promoter to generate cardiac specific cpt1a null mice (cpt1a null). Echocardiography revealed that CPT1a deletion induces age-related declines in systolic function and reduced left ventricular wall thickness. At 5 mos, cpt1a null showed no significant functional defects. At 10 mos, cpt1a null hearts displayed reduced ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) vs fl/fl mice (EF 63±1 fl/fl vs. 21±5 cpt1a null; FS 52±1 fl/fl vs. 18±2 cpt1a null, p&lt;0.0001) with elevated systolic and diastolic volumes. Also at 10 mos, PPARα and PGC1α gene expression declined in CPT1a null hearts by 44% and 22% respectively, vs f/f mice (from arbitrary units referenced to f/f/ control signal, AU). The reduced activation of PPARα and PGC1α genes is the potential consequence of reduced ligand from ATGL-dependent triacylglycerol lipolysis, due to low ATGL gene expression (38% decrease vs. 5 mos f/f, p&lt;0.01, AU). CPT1b gene expression was reduced by 26% (AU) at 10 mos vs f/f/, which is consistent with changes in PPARα, but was not sufficient to alter CPTb protein content. As with CPT1b content, the fractional contribution of exogenous LCFA to oxidative metabolism in hearts perfused with media containing 13C palmitate, glucose, and lactate, was similar among groups, ranging from 0.70-0.73. Therefore, CPT1a does not impact the contribution of LCFA oxidation to mitochondrial energy metabolism in unstressed hearts. However, as hearts age, CPT1a plays a critical role in maintaining transcriptional activation of genes for LCFA metabolism enzymes, via PGC-1α and PPARα and in maintaining normal cardiac function and pathophysiology.
Standard versus personalized schedule of regorafenib in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): A retrospective, multicenter, real-world study.
Authors: Margherita Nannini, Alessandro Rizzo, Maria Concetta Nigro, Bruno Vincenzi, Alessandro Mazzocca, Giovanni Grignani, Francesco Tolomeo, Lorenzo D'Ambrosio, Giuseppe Badalamenti, Annalisa Bonasera, Elena Fumagalli, Daniela Miliziano, Antonella Brunello, Benedetta Chiusole, Silvia Gasperoni, Marco Novelli, Maria A. Pantaleo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

e23521 Background: Regorafenib (REG) is a multikinase inhibitor approved as third-line treatment in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Although its proven activity, REG can present a relevant adverse profile which often leads to treatment modifications and transient or permanent discontinuation; thus, in clinical practice physicians usually adopt various dosing and interval schedules to counteract REG-related adverse events (AEs) and avoid treatment interruption. The aim of this real-world study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of personalized schedules of REG in metastatic GIST patients, in comparison with the standard schedule (160 mg daily, 3-weeks-on, 1-week-off schedule). Methods: Institutional registries across seven Italian reference centers were retrospectively reviewed and data of interest retrieved to identify GIST patients who had received REG from February 2013 to January 2021. The primary endpoint was Progression-Free Survival (PFS), with Overall Survival (OS) also assessed as secondary endpoint. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival and the log-rank test to make comparisons. The impact of variables on survival was assessed through univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 152 GIST patients (82 male and 70 female) were included and split in two groups on the basis of the REG treatment plan received (standard vs personalized). Among the 103 patients for whom the treatment was personalized (38 since the beginning and 65 during the treatment course), the main strategies adopted were the following: 120 mg/day d1-21 e28 (n = 56; 54.4%); 80 mg/day d1-21 e28 (n = 22; 21.4%); 160 mg/day d1-5 e7 (n = 13; 12.6%). At a median follow-up of 36.5 months, median Overall Survival (OS) was 16.6 months (95% CI 14.1-21.8) and 20.5 months (95% CI 15.0-25.4) in the standard-dose and the personalized schedule groups, respectively (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.49-1.22; p = 0.16). Median Progression-Free Survival (PFS) was 5.6 months (95% CI 3.3-not reached) and 9.7 months (95% CI 7.9-14.5) in the same groups (HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.34-0.75; p = 0.00052). Conclusions: Despite the expected limits of a retrospective analysis, we confirm that REG personalized schedules are commonly adopted in everyday clinical practice of high-volume GIST expert centers and correlate with significant improvement of therapeutic outcomes. Based on these results, REG treatment optimization in GIST patients may represent the best strategy to maximize long-term therapy, preserving tolerability and quality of life.
Medical News
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Application of Multimodal Imaging Biomarker in the Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Mass
Authors: Ji-In Bang, Ji-Young Kim, Min Chul Choi, Ho-Young Lee, Su Jin Jang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

The aim is to investigate the diagnostic performance of multimodal imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT, MRI, and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) in cases with unilateral or bilateral ovarian mass without ancillary findings of malignancy.Retrospectively, 307 patients who had unilateral or bilateral ovarian masses and underwent preoperative FDG PET/CT and/or MRI/CECT were included. The criterion standard for the ovarian mass was the final pathology. The peak standardized uptake value (SULpeak) among benign tumors (BTs), borderline ovarian tumors (BoTs), and malignant ovarian tumors (MTs) were compared. The cutoff value of SULpeak to discriminate between BT/BoT and MT was determined from the training (n = 200) and validation (n = 131) cohorts. Diagnostic performances of SULpeak, Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting Data System (O-RADS) MRI score, CECT findings, and combination of multimodal imagings were analyzed.SULpeak of MT was significantly higher than that of BT or BoT (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in SULpeak between BT and BoT (P = 0.147). The cutoff value of SULpeak for discriminating between BT/BoT and MT was 1.76 (sensitivity, 87.0%; specificity, 83.0%). Diagnostic performance for BT/BoT versus MT of O-RADS MRI, CECT, FDG PET/CT plus O-RADS MRI score, and FDG PET/CT plus CECT yielded the respective sensitivities of 100%, 94%, 95%, and 82%, and specificities of 43%, 46%, 88%, and 91%, respectively.Multimodal imaging biomarkers including FDG PET/CT and MR/CECT could provide additional information to differentiate ovarian masses.
Abstract 384: A Luminal Kinase Regulates Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Cycling
Authors: Adam Pollak, Sandra Wiley, Shigeki Minamoto, Joan Heller Brown, Jack Dixon
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

The mechanisms and machinery regulating calcium cycling through the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), a secretory pathway calcium storage organelle, remain incompletely understood, and further insight is critical for discerning normal and diseased heart function. An overlooked component is luminal SR protein phosphorylation. Our lab recently identified an atypical protein kinase in the secretory pathway lumen, Fam20C, and have demonstrated its role in calcium homeostasis for proper development of bone and teeth. This novel kinase phosphorylates Ser residues within highly conserved Ser-x-Glu/pSer (SxE) motifs, and is interestingly responsible for the overwhelming majority of secretory pathway protein phosphorylation. Therefore, we hypothesize that Fam20C phosphorylates proteins in the cardiac SR lumen, and that this phosphorylation will play an important role in SR calcium cycling. Indeed, we demonstrate that Fam20C phosphorylates SR proteins that have SxE sites, including Calsequestrin 2, Triadin, Sarcalumenin, Calreticulin, and Calumenin, all of which play important roles in SR calcium handling. Furthermore, we developed a cardiac specific Fam20C knockout mouse model. Following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) induced pressure overload, we find that Fam20C ablation reduces cardiac function and shows significantly increased signs of heart failure. Also, Fam20C ablation following TAC causes reduction in key regulators of SR calcium cycling, including SR Calcium-ATPase type 2a (SERCA2a) and phospholamban. Our results establish Fam20C as a novel cardioprotective signaling molecule, and open new avenues for potential therapeutic approaches to cardiovascular disease.
Brain tumor vaporized by carbon dioxide laser
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A 53-year-old Western New York woman, in whom a pioneering carbon dioxide laser technique was used to vaporize a malignant tumor deep in the brain, has returned to her usual activities and continues to do well nearly five months later. The patient had been plagued with headaches from the intracranial pressure. She was found to have a metastatic adenocarcinoma deep in the right medial frontal lobe. The primary neoplasm was never found despite extensive exploration. Patrick J. Kelly, MD, associate professor of neurosurgery, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine, performed the four-hour procedure at the Erie County Medical Center where he is attending neurosurgeon. The neurosurgical team followed a "blueprint" of the tumor's location, size, and shape as defined three-dimensionally in a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan. With the patient under general anesthesia, the CO<sub>2</sub>laser was used to vaporize the tumor, while the size
Impairment of the autophagy–lysosomal pathway in Alzheimer's diseases: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potential
Authors: Wei Zhang, Chengchao Xu, Jichao Sun, Han-Ming Shen, Jigang Wang, Chuanbin Yang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. The accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates including amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT/tau) in neuronal cells are hallmarks of AD. So far, the exact underlying mechanisms for the aetiologies of AD have not been fully understood and the effective treatment for AD is limited. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular catabolic process by which damaged cellular organelles and protein aggregates are degraded via lysosomes. Recently, there is accumulating evidence linking the impairment of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway with AD pathogenesis. Interestingly, the enhancement of autophagy to remove protein aggregates has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Here, we first summarize the recent genetic, pathological and experimental studies regarding the impairment of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in AD. We then describe the interplay between the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and two pathological proteins, Aβ and MAPT/tau, in AD. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies and small molecules that target the autophagy-lysosomal pathway for AD treatment both in animal models and in clinical trials. Overall, this article highlights the pivotal functions of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in AD pathogenesis and potential druggable targets in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway for AD treatment.
Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers Guidelines
Authors: Stanley J Miller, Murad Alam, James Andersen, Daniel Berg, Christopher K Bichakjian, Glen Bowen, Richard T Cheney, Frank Glass, Roy C Grekin, James M Grichnik, Anne Kessinger, Nancy Y Lee, Stuart Lessin, Daniel D Lydiatt, Lawrence W Margolis, Jeffrey Michalski, Kishwer S Nehal, Paul Nghiem, Allan R Oseroff, E William Rosenberg, Ashok R Shaha, Ronald J Siegle, Marshall M Urist
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

Basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers, collectively known as non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCS), are the most common skin cancers. More than 1 million cases of NMSC are estimated to be diagnosed each year in the United States and their incidence is rising rapidly. Although rarely metastatic, basal cell and squamous cell cancers can produce substantial local destruction and disfigurement and may involve extensive areas of soft tissue, cartilage, and bone. Updates in the 2007 guidelines include changes to the principles of treatment for both basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers and changes in the consideration of radiotherapy. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
Obituary Listing
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is the only FDA approved drug for treating claudication symptoms in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), but a series of US trials has demonstrated efficacy of a new drug, cilostazol (CLZ).The present study compared these two drugs.Methods: A 24 week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled parallel group study was conducted to assess the relative efficacy and safety of CLZ 100 mg bid, PTX 400 mg tid, and placebo (PLC) for the treatment of claudication secondary to PAD.Results: Fifty-four centers enrolled 698 patients with stable claudication.Efficacy was evaluated using a constant speed, variable-grade treadmill protocol at baseline and every 4 weeks.Compared to PLC, CLZ significantly increased Maximum Walking Distance (MWD) and Pain Free Walking Distance (PFD), but PTX did not.There were 6 deaths in the study (CLZϭ2, PTXϭ3, PLCϭ1).Serious adverse events were equal in each treatment group (CLZ 11.9%, PTX 13.4%, PLC 13.0%).The most common non-serious adverse events were headache (CLZ 27.8%, PTX 11.2%, PLC 11.7%), abnormal stools (CLZ 14.5%, PTX 5.2%, PLC 2.9%), and palpitations (CLZ 17.2%, PTX 2.2%, PLC 1.3%).Conclusion: CLZ is an effective and well-tolerated alternative for treating symptoms of claudication.PTX did not significantly improve treadmillmeasured walking distance, compared to PLC.
Hematologic Problems in the Newborn
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Into a compact volume the authors have poured a treasure trove of perinatal and neonatal hematological facts. In addition to a wealth of information, the text is superbly organized and written in the finest literary tradition. The book represents a summary of the author's vast experience plus a critical analysis of the literature, with the bibliography numbering 51 pages. The inclusion of a generous number of high quality photomicrographs and line-drawings provides additional clarity to the written word. This reviewer found the comprehensive tables to be very helpful in maintaining an overview of the problem under discussion. The book begins with a compendium of the rapidly changing normal value peculiar to this age group. Then follows a discussion of the "for better or for worse, in sickness and health," maternal-fetal relationship. The chapters dealing with anemia and polycythemia present logical patientoriented approaches to diagnosis and management. Particularly useful to the
Adiponectin, Leptin and Cardiovascular Disorders
Authors: Shangang Zhao, Christine M. Kusminski, Philipp E. Scherer
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

The landmark discoveries of leptin and adiponectin firmly established adipose tissue as a sophisticated and highly active endocrine organ, opening a new era of investigating adipose-mediated tissue crosstalk. Both obesity-associated hyperleptinemia and hypoadiponectinemia are important biomarkers to predict cardiovascular outcomes, suggesting a crucial role for adiponectin and leptin in obesity-associated cardiovascular disorders. Normal physiological levels of adiponectin and leptin are indeed essential to maintain proper cardiovascular function. Insufficient adiponectin and leptin signaling results in cardiovascular dysfunction. However, a paradox of high levels of both leptin and adiponectin is emerging in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Here, we (1) summarize the recent progress in the field of adiponectin and leptin and its association with cardiovascular disorders, (2) further discuss the underlying mechanisms for this new paradox of leptin and adiponectin action, and (3) explore the possible application of partial leptin reduction, in addition to increasing the adiponectin/leptin ratio as a means to prevent or reverse cardiovascular disorders.