tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Revising axis V for DSM-IV: a review of measures of social functioning
Authors: H H Goldman, A E Skodol, T R Lave
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Axis V, which uses the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale in the multiaxial system of DSM-III-R, is under review for DSM-IV. This article examines what is known about axis V and selectively reviews the literature on measures of social functioning to identify potential alternatives to the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale.About 25 studies on the use, reliability, and validity of axis V in DSM-III and DSM-III-R are reviewed. In addition, nearly 30 measures of social functioning are reviewed and analyzed as potential substitutes for the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. The analysis focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of each measure for assessing functioning on axis V.Axis V measures are modestly reliable and valid but not widely used. The authors identify and discuss two particular limitations of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale: 1) the combination of measures of symptoms and measures of social functioning on a single axis and 2) the exclusion of physical impairments from the rating of functioning.None of the measures of social functioning reviewed is clearly superior to the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale for use on axis V. A modified version of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, separating the measures of social and occupational functioning from the measures of symptoms and psychological functioning, is proposed for field testing, along with a new set of instructions permitting the rating of limitations due to both physical and mental impairments.
A phase 3 double-blind study of the addition of tocilizumab vs placebo to cyclosporin/methotrexate GVHD prophylaxis
Authors: Glen A. Kennedy, Siok-Keen Tey, Luke Buizen, Antiopi Varelias, Kate H. Gartlan, Cameron Curley, Stuart D. Olver, Karshing Chang, Jason P. Butler, Ashish Misra, Elango Subramoniapillai, A. James Morton, Simon Durrant, Andrea S. Henden, John Moore, David Ritchie, David Gottlieb, Julian Cooney, Sanjoy K. Paul, Geoffrey R. Hill
Journal: Blood (2021)
Redlines and Greenspace: The Relationship between Historical Redlining and 2010 Greenspace across the United States
Authors: Anthony Nardone, Kara E. Rudolph, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Joan A. Casey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

Introduction: Redlining, a racist mortgage appraisal practice of the 1930s, established and exacerbated racial residential segregation boundaries in the United States. Investment risk grades assigned >80y ago through security maps from the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) are associated with current sociodemographics and adverse health outcomes. We assessed whether historical HOLC investment grades are associated with 2010 greenspace, a health-promoting neighborhood resource. Objectives: We compared 2010 normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) across previous HOLC neighborhood grades using propensity score restriction and matching. Methods: Security map shapefiles were downloaded from the Mapping Inequality Project. Neighborhood investment risk grades included A (best, green), B (blue), C (yellow), and D (hazardous, red, i.e., redlined). We used 2010 satellite imagery to calculate the average NDVI for each HOLC neighborhood. Our main outcomes were 2010 annual average NDVI and summer NDVI. We assigned areal-apportioned 1940 census measures to each HOLC neighborhood. We used propensity score restriction, matching, and targeted maximum likelihood estimation to limit model extrapolation, reduce confounding, and estimate the association between HOLC grade and NDVI for the following comparisons: Grades B vs. A, C vs. B, and D vs. C. Results: Across 102 urban areas (4,141 HOLC polygons), annual average ±standard deviation (SD) 2010 NDVI was 0.47 (±0.09), 0.43 (±0.09), 0.39 (±0.09), and 0.36 (±0.10) in Grades A–D, respectively. In analyses adjusted for current ecoregion and census region, 1940s census measures, and 1940s population density, annual average NDVI values in 2010 were estimated at −0.039 (95% CI: −0.045, −0.034), −0.024 (95% CI: −0.030, −0.018), and −0.026 (95% CI: −0.037, −0.015) for Grades B vs. A, C vs. B, and D vs. C, respectively, in the 1930s. Discussion: Estimates adjusted for historical characteristics indicate that neighborhoods assigned worse HOLC grades in the 1930s are associated with reduced present-day greenspace. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7495
Checkmate 577:Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a randomized, double-blind phase III study of nivolumab (NIVO) versus placebo (PBO) as adjuvant treatment in patients (pts) with resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer (EC/GEJC).
Authors: Eric Van Cutsem, Prianka Singh, James M. Cleary, Ronan Joseph Kelly, Markus H. Moehler, Jaroslaw Kuzdzal, Guillermo Mendez, Satoru Motoyama, Elena Elimova, Cecile Grootscholten, Xiaowu Sun, Fiona Taylor, Rachael Lawrance, Brad Padilla, Alejandro Moreno-Koehler, Jenny Zhang, Steven I. Blum, Jaffer A. Ajani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

167 Background: NIVO is the first adjuvant therapy to provide a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) versus PBO in resected EC/GEJC following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy as demonstrated by CheckMate 577. NIVO was well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile. This analysis provides additional information on the exploratory HRQoL endpoints in this clinical trial. Methods: The effect of NIVO versus PBO on HRQoL, including general and disease-related symptoms, functioning, disease burden, and overall QoL, was assessed using FACT-E and EQ-5D-3L patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires administered at baseline (BL), every 4 weeks during the 12-month treatment period, and at post-treatment follow-up visits (up to 2 years after last dose). Longitudinal change from BL in PRO scores over 12 months was assessed using descriptive statistics. Additionally, mixed model for repeated measures and time to deterioration analyses evaluated the difference between treatment with NIVO and PBO (data not shown). Results: 794 pts with EC/GEJC were randomized 2:1 to NIVO (n = 532) or PBO (n = 262). PRO completion rates were ≥ 95% at BL and ~ 90% at 12 months on treatment. Mean (SD) BL HRQoL scores were similar between treatment arms for the FACT-E total score (NIVO: 133.40 [20.97]; PBO: 134.03 [20.40]); esophageal cancer subscale (ECS; NIVO: 50.2 [9.3]; PBO: 50.1 [8.9]); EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale (NIVO: 70.4 [22.3]; PBO: 69.1 [24.1]); and EQ-5D Utility Index (NIVO: 0.820 [0.179]; PBO: 0.831 [0.163]) based on the UK value set. Descriptive analyses showed a trend for increases from baseline at most time points through week 49 for both NIVO and PBO treatment groups for FACT-E total score, ECS, and EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale and Utility Index. Conclusions: Preliminary results from CheckMate 577 demonstrated that pts on NIVO treatment showed trends of improvement in both esophageal-specific and general HRQoL. Similar trends were also observed in pts treated with PBO over 1 year. Pts treated with NIVO did not experience a reduction in HRQoL, further supporting clinical data to demonstrate treatment benefit and tolerability for adjuvant NIVO in pts with resected EC/GEJC. Clinical trial information: NCT02743494.
Renewed Threat of Nuclear Holocaust Requires Physician Activism
Authors: Bernard Lown, Richard A. Cash, Jon E. Rohde
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

To the Editor: The recent abrogation of critical treaties and the aggressive development of nuclear technologies have greatly diminished the security of the entire world, and once again the threat of nuclear holocaust looms.The new leadership in the White House promises that policy decisions will be made on the basis of science and facts and has called on health professionals to guide the nation in addressing important health challenges.Now is the time for physicians to again advocate that only the prohibition of nuclear arms can address this threat to society and human existence.In 1962, an editor's note published in the Journal introduced a series of Special Articles that described in detail the theoretical effects of a single thermonuclear bomb explosion in the city of Boston and the medical consequences of thermonuclear war. 1 The Journal has continued to urge readers to demand the elimination of these genocidal weapons as the only possible means to prevent global holocaust. 2,3 The support of physicians for the United Nations Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 4 and the five demands of Back from the Brink 5 would alert the nation to the threat of nuclear weapons and would highlight the role of physicians in reducing this threat through public activism.
Long-Term Mental Health Service Utilization Among Survivors of Testicular Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Michael J. Raphael, Sumit Gupta, Xuejiao Wei, Yingwei Peng, Claudio N. Soares, Philippe L. Bedard, D. Robert Siemens, Andrew G. Robinson, Christopher M. Booth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

Testicular cancer survivors may experience mental illness as a consequence of their cancer diagnosis and treatment.All incident cases of testicular cancer treated with orchiectomy in Ontario, Canada (2000-2010), were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry. Cases were matched to controls in a 1:5 ratio on age and geography. Population-level databases were used to identify mental health service use episodes; outpatient use included visits to a general practitioner for a mental health concern or any visit to a psychiatrist. Negative binomial regression modeling was used to estimate the rate of mental health service use in the pretreatment (2 years prior until 1 month before orchiectomy), peritreatment (1 month before until 1 month after orchiectomy), and post-treatment periods (1 month after orchiectomy until end of follow-up). Rate ratios (RR) comparing cases with controls in the peri- and post-treatment periods were adjusted for baseline mental health service use.Two thousand six hundred nineteen cases of testicular cancer were matched to 13,095 controls. There was no baseline difference in the rate of mental health service use. Cases were significantly more likely than controls to have an outpatient visit for a mental health concern in the peritreatment (adjusted RR [aRR], 2.45; 95% CI, 2.06 to 2.92) and post-treatment periods (aRR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.52). The difference in mental health service use persisted over a median follow-up of 12 years. In the postorchiectomy period, cases with baseline mental health service use were those most likely to use mental health services (aRR, 5.64; 95% CI, 4.64 to 6.85).Testicular cancer survivors use mental health services more often than healthy controls. Survivorship care plans that address the long-term mental healthcare needs of this population are needed.
Evidence of innate lymphoid cell redundancy in humans (vol 17, pg 1291, ă 2016)
Authors: Frederic Vely, Vincent Barlogis, Blandine Vallentin, Bénédicte Neven, Christelle Piperoglou, Mikael Ebbo, Thibaut Perchet, Maxime Petit, Nadia Yessaad, Fabien Touzot, Julie Bruneau, Nizar Mahlaoui, Nicolas Zucchini, Catherine Farnarier, Gérard Michel, Despina Moshous, Stéphane Blanche, Arnaud Dujardin, Hergen Spits, Joerg H. W. Distler, Andreas Ramming, Capucine Picard, Rachel Golub, Alain Fischer, Eric Vivier
Journal: Nature Immunology (2016)
Disrupted spermatogenesis in a metabolic syndrome model: the role of vitamin A metabolism in the gut–testis axis
Authors: Teng Zhang, Peng Sun, Qi Geng, Haitao Fan, Yutian Gong, Yanting Hu, Liying Shan, Yuanchao Sun, Wei Shen, Yang Zhou
Journal: Gut (2021)

Objective Effects of the diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis reach far beyond the gut. We aim to uncover the direct evidence involving the gut–testis axis in the aetiology of impaired spermatogenesis. Design An excessive-energy diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) sheep model was established. The testicular samples, host metabolomes and gut microbiome were analysed. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) confirmed the linkage between gut microbiota and spermatogenesis. Results We demonstrated that the number of arrested spermatogonia was markedly elevated by using 10× single-cell RNA-seq in the MetS model. Furthermore, through using metabolomics profiling and 16S rDNA-seq, we discovered that the absorption of vitamin A in the gut was abolished due to a notable reduction of bile acid levels, which was significantly associated with reduced abundance of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group . Notably, the abnormal metabolic effects of vitamin A were transferable to the testicular cells through the circulating blood, which contributed to abnormal spermatogenesis, as confirmed by FMT. Conclusion These findings define a starting point for linking the testicular function and regulation of gut microbiota via host metabolomes and will be of potential value for the treatment of male infertility in MetS.
Tumor-associated macrophages: potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects in cancer
Authors: Chunxiao Li, Xiaofei Xu, Shuhua Wei, Ping Jiang, Lixiang Xue, Junjie Wang
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Macrophages are the most important phagocytes in vivo. However, the tumor microenvironment can affect the function and polarization of macrophages and form tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Usually, the abundance of TAMs in tumors is closely associated with poor prognosis. Preclinical studies have identified important pathways regulating the infiltration and polarization of TAMs during tumor progression. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs in tumors have been studied, including inhibition of macrophage recruitment to tumors, functional repolarization of TAMs toward an antitumor phenotype, and other therapeutic strategies that elicit macrophage-mediated extracellular phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of cancer cells. Therefore, with the increasing impact of tumor immunotherapy, new antitumor strategies to target TAMs are now being discussed.
<i>King v Burwell</i>
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin, Mary C. DeBartolo, Daniel A. Hougendobler
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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Shared DNA-based copy number with divided methylation changes differentiate and clinically associate early stage pancreatic cancer tumors.
Authors: Eva Chao, Kyaw Lwin Aung, Qi Xu, William H. Matsui, Jeanne Kowalski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

434 Background: There is no known molecular taxonomy of pancreatic cancer that can guide therapeutic strategies. Understanding the fundamental molecular mechanism underlying pancreatic cancer biology remains an unmet need. We explore the extent to which combinations of DNA-based molecular changes in copy number (CN) and methylation separate early stage PAAD tumors and associated with survival outcomes. Methods: We performed genome-wide combined cluster analyses on DNA-based CN and methylation changes using TCGA data. We examined cluster associations with clinical outcomes by comparing in months (mos), Kaplan--Meier estimated overall survival (OS) and disease-free interval (DFI) using a log-rank test. We performed additional comparisons among CN-Methylation derived clusters with respect to PAAD phenotypes. Results: Using 78 early stage pancreatic cancer tumors from TCGA with CN, methylation and clinical outcomes data, we identified two patient clusters with distinct gene copy number signatures that when combined with three methylation signatures, resulted in three additional clusters. Thus, the same gene CN signature, when combined with different methylation signatures, further differentiated tumors into sub-clusters with varying levels of associations with clinical outcome. Among them, analogous to current gene-expression based subtypes, we also identified an immune-rich subtype that was associated with improved overall survival (n=21, median OS=16mos; DFI=16mos), and an extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich with worse survival (n=19, median OS=12mos; DFI=8mos). Unlike previous expression subtypes, we identified another metabolic-enriched subtype with the same worse median OS and DFI, differentiated by methylation with the ECM-rich subtype. The improved OS cluster had a signature of CN neutral and increased methylation, while the poor cluster had a signature of CN gains and increased methylation among a set of genes distinct from the improved cluster. No significant differences in age, site, microsatellite instability and KRAS status among clusters were noted. Notably, in a multivariable model that included gene expression-based subtypes, only our DNA-level subtypes remained significantly associated with overall survival. Conclusions: While RNA-level changes often display large variations, DNA-level changes are more robust. Copy number changes appear to separate tumors into poor and improved prognosis clusters, while methylation appears to inform on the further separation of poor prognosis into various levels. A DNA-based molecular taxonomy for early stage pancreatic cancer could prove invaluable when used in combination with methylation-based circulating tumor DNA assays for clinical trial monitoring of tumor responses.
Trends of Cancer-Related Suicide in the United States: 1999-2018
Authors: Xuesong Han, Xin Hu, Jingxuan Zhao, Jiemin Ma, Ahmedin Jemal, K Robin Yabroff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2020)

The suicide rate has steadily increased in the United States during the past 2 decades. Cancer patients have elevated suicide risk because of prevalent psychological distress, treatment side effects, and potentially uncontrolled pain. Efforts to promote psychosocial and palliative care may reduce this risk. Using the 1999-2018 Multiple Cause of Death database, we found a decreasing trend of cancer-related suicide during the past 2 decades with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of age-adjusted suicide rates of -2.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = -3.5% to -2.1%) in contrast to an increasing trend of overall suicide rate (AAPC = 1.7%, 95% CI = 1.5% to 1.8%). We also observed the largest declines in cancer-related suicide rates among high-risk populations including male, older age, and certain cancer types, suggesting an evolving role of psycho-oncology and palliative and hospice care during this period.
NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases: Pathophysiological and pharmacological implications
Authors: Carolina Pellegrini, Alma Martelli, Luca Antonioli, Matteo Fornai, Corrado Blandizzi, Vincenzo Calderone
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2021)

Abstract Growing evidence points out the importance of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain leucine‐rich repeat and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, myocardial infarct (MI), ischemia, cardiomyopathies (CMs), heart failure (HF), and atherosclerosis. In this regard, intensive research efforts both in humans and in animal models of CVDs are being focused on the characterization of the pathophysiological role of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in CVDs. In addition, clinical and preclinical evidence is coming to light that the pharmacological blockade of NLRP3 pathways with drugs, including novel chemical entities as well as drugs currently employed in the clinical practice, biologics and phytochemicals, could represent a suitable therapeutic approach for prevention and management of CVDs. On these bases, the present review article provides a comprehensive overview of clinical and preclinical studies about the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of CVDs, including hypertension, MI, ischemic injury, CMs, HF and atherosclerosis. In addition, particular attention has been focused on current evidence on the effects of drugs, biologics, and phytochemicals, targeting different steps of inflammasome signaling, in CVDs.