tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe Polyarthralgia After Kidney Transplant
Authors: Nur Azizah Allameen, Jiacai Cho
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dietary lipids from body to brain
Authors: None Custers, E.M. Emma, None Kiliaan, J. Amanda
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2021)

Dietary habits have drastically changed over the last decades in Western societies. The Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fatty acids (TFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and cholesterol, is accepted as an important factor in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes type 2. Alongside these diseases, nutrition is associated with the prevalence of brain disorders. Although clinical and epidemiological studies revealed that metabolic diseases and brain disorders might be related, the underlying pathology is multifactorial, making it hard to determine causal links. Neuroinflammation can be a result of unhealthy diets that may cause alterations in peripheral metabolism. Especially, dietary fatty acids are of interest, as they act as signalling molecules responsible for inflammatory processes. Diets rich in n-6 PUFA, SFA and TFA increase neuroinflammation, whereas diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), omega-3 (n-3) PUFA and sphingolipids (SL) can diminish neuroinflammation. Moreover, these pro- and anti-inflammatory diets might indirectly influence neuroinflammation via the adipose tissue, microbiome, intestine and vasculature. Here, we review the impact of nutrition on brain health. In particular, we will discuss the role of dietary lipids in signalling pathways directly applicable to inflammation and neuronal function.
Overcoming IMiD resistance in T-cell lymphomas through potent degradation of ZFP91 and IKZF1
Authors: Wenchao Wu, Geoffrey M. Nelson, Raphael Koch, Katherine A. Donovan, Radosław P. Nowak, Tayla B. Heavican-Foral, Ajit J. Nirmal, Huiyun Liu, Lei Yang, Jessica Duffy, Foster Powers, Kristen E. Stevenson, Marcus Kenneth Jones, Samuel Y. Ng, Gongwei Wu, Salvia Jain, Ran Xu, Sam Amaka, Christopher Trevisani, Nicholas L. Donaldson, Patrick R. Hagner, Laurence de Leval, Philippe Gaulard, Javeed Iqbal, Anjan Thakurta, Eric S. Fischer, Karen Adelman, David M. Weinstock
Journal: Blood (2021)
A massive 7T fMRI dataset to bridge cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence
Authors: Emily J. Allen, Ghislain St-Yves, Yihan Wu, Jesse L. Breedlove, Jacob S. Prince, Logan T. Dowdle, Matthias Nau, Brad Caron, Franco Pestilli, Ian Charest, J. Benjamin Hutchinson, Thomas Naselaris, Kendrick Kay
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2021)
138P Preliminary safety and efficacy results from phase Ib study of the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) CS1002 in combination with anti-PD-1 mAb CS1003 in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: S. Bishnoi, T. Yau, R. Cosman, M. Aghmesheh, M. Moore, S.L. Chan, A. Mant, R. Eek, R. Zielinski, P. Li, H. Wang, Y. Ma, A. Tse
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Reply to T. Powles et al
Authors: Scott T. Tagawa, Petros Grivas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

We truly appreciate the interest of Powles et al 1 in our article 2 and thank the authors for their succinct and useful summary of the enfortumab vedotin (EV) clinical trial data.Our article did in no way mean to imply that the presence of hyperglycemia or neuropathy completely excludes EV as a therapeutic option for these patients.In Tagawa et al, 2 we stated that EV "cannot be used in those with baseline uncontrolled hyperglycemia and neuropathy"; this does not refer to all patients with any evidence of hyperglycemia and neuropathy, but particularly those with, as stated, uncontrolled hyperglycemia or uncontrolled neuropathy, as relates to the package insert, and clinical trial data (exclusion criteria).Ultimately, many factors, including level of evidence (on the basis of trial design and results), safety or toxicity profile and efficacy of an agent, provider comfort, patient convenience, and medical comorbidities and performance status of the individual patient, are typically accounted for when a therapy is chosen, and this is done through a thoughtful conversation between a patient and physician, on a case-by-case basis.
Correction: Effective drug treatment identified by in vivo screening in a transplantable patient-derived xenograft model of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Arnold Kloos, Konstantinos Mintzas, Lina Winckler, Razif Gabdoulline, Yasmine Alwie, Nidhi Jyotsana, Nadine Kattre, Renate Schottmann, Michaela Scherr, Charu Gupta, Felix F. Adams, Adrian Schwarzer, Dirk Heckl, Axel Schambach, Suzan Imren, R. Keith Humphries, Arnold Ganser, Felicitas Thol, Michael Heuser
Journal: Leukemia (2021)
Incidence and mortality of hospital-acquired bacteraemia: a population-based cohort study applying a multi-state model approach
Authors: Viggo Holten Mortensen, Mette Søgaard, Lone Hagens Mygind, Martin Wolkewitz, Brian Kristensen, Henrik Carl Schønheyder
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2021)

The effect of hospital-acquired bacteraemia on mortality is sparsely investigated. We investigated the incidence and hospital-acquired bacteraemia impact on mortality.We conducted a 13-year population-based cohort study using the North Denmark Bacteraemia Research Database and Danish health registries. The population comprised all adult patients with a hospital admission lasting ≥48 hr. We used Poisson regression to estimate trends in incidence. The 30-day mortality of hospital-acquired bacteraemia was estimated using an illness-death multistate model with recovery using the population at risk of hospital-acquired bacteraemia as reference.We identified 3588 episodes of hospital-acquired bacteraemia in 484 264 admissions. The incidence increased proportionally by 1.02 episodes yearly (95% CI 1.01-1.03) between 2006 and 2018. Hospital-acquired bacteraemia was associated with increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 4.32, 95% CI 3.95-4.72), especially hospital-acquired bacteraemia with unknown source (aHR 6.42 (95% CI 5.67-7.26), "thoracic incl. pneumonia" (aHR 5.89, 95% CI 3.45-10.12) and abdominal source (aHR 4.33, 95% CI 3.27-5.74). The relative impact on mortality diminished with age (aHR 5.66, 95% CI 2.00-16.01 in 18-40 years old vs. 3.69, 95% CI 3.14-4.32 in 81-105 years old) and comorbidity (aHR 5.75, 95% CI 4.45-7.42 in low vs. 3.55, 95% CI 3.16-3.98 in high comorbidity), and was higher in elective admissions (aHR 9.09, 95% CI 7.14-11.57 vs. aHR of 4.03, 95% CI 3.67-4.42).Hospital-acquired bacteraemia is associated with high mortality, especially when the source is unknown or originating from the thoracic cavity.
Noninsect-Based Diet Leads to Structural and Functional Changes of Acidic Chitinase in Carnivora
Authors: Eri Tabata, Akihiro Itoigawa, Takumi Koinuma, Hiroshi Tayama, Akinori Kashimura, Masayoshi Sakaguchi, Vaclav Matoska, Peter O Bauer, Fumitaka Oyama
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Abstract Acidic chitinase (Chia) digests the chitin of insects in the omnivorous stomach and the chitinase activity in carnivorous Chia is significantly lower than that of the omnivorous enzyme. However, mechanistic and evolutionary insights into the functional changes in Chia remain unclear. Here we show that a noninsect-based diet has caused structural and functional changes in Chia during the course of evolution in Carnivora. By creating mouse-dog chimeric Chia proteins and modifying the amino acid sequences, we revealed that F214L and A216G substitutions led to the dog enzyme activation. In 31 Carnivora, Chia was present as a pseudogene with stop codons in the open reading frame (ORF) region. Importantly, the Chia proteins of skunk, meerkat, mongoose, and hyena, which are insect-eating species, showed high chitinolytic activity. The cat Chia pseudogene product was still inactive even after ORF restoration. However, the enzyme was activated by matching the number and position of Cys residues to an active form and by introducing five meerkat Chia residues. Mutations affecting the Chia conformation and activity after pseudogenization have accumulated in the common ancestor of Felidae due to functional constraints. Evolutionary analysis indicates that Chia genes are under relaxed selective constraint in species with noninsect-based diets except for Canidae. These results suggest that there are two types of inactivating processes in Carnivora and that dietary changes affect the structure and activity of Chia.
Involving Family and Social Support Systems in Tobacco Cessation Treatment for Patients With Cancer
Authors: _ _
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Individuals from the family and social support network of patients with cancer can have a pivotal role in reinforcing patients' efforts to become and remain tobacco-free. This support is critical along the entire continuum of cancer care. Although NCI-designated Cancer Centers across the United States are increasingly offering tobacco cessation services as a result of the NCI Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I), engaging patients' family and other support network in tobacco treatment is not yet a routine practice. To facilitate the consideration and involvement of patients' social support systems (including family, peers, and non-healthcare provider caregivers), we formed the C3I Family and Social Support Systems Working Group. This paper describes the current practices and challenges among C3I cancer centers centers in engaging the support systems of patients with cancer in order to reduce tobacco use and/or secondhand smoke exposure. Building on this knowledge, this Working Group proposes a research agenda to facilitate support persons' involvement in tobacco treatment as part of oncology care. The research priorities identified include establishing (1) evidence-based strategies for engaging family and social support systems in patients' cessation efforts, (2) interventions to provide cessation treatment options to support persons, and (3) best practices to routinely identify and engage family and social support systems in patients' cessation efforts.
Risk of Adverse Maternal Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Disabilities
Authors: Jessica L. Gleason, Jagteshwar Grewal, Zhen Chen, Alison N. Cernich, Katherine L. Grantz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Women with disabilities have a higher risk of preterm birth, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery; however, their risk of other obstetric interventions, adverse maternal outcomes, and clinical indications for increased cesarean delivery is unclear.To evaluate risk of a range of obstetric interventions and adverse maternal outcomes, including severe maternal morbidities (SMM) and mortality, among women with and without disabilities.The Consortium on Safe Labor was a retrospective cohort that included comprehensive medical chart review for deliveries between January 2002 and January 2008. Data were collected from 12 clinical sites, which included 19 hospitals across the United States. This secondary analysis was conducted in February to July 2021.Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes and a validated algorithm to define disability, participants were classified as having physical, intellectual, sensory, or any disability, and compared with women with no documented disability.The relative risk (RR) of 23 obstetric interventions and adverse maternal outcomes, including SMM and mortality, was evaluated.Of the 223 385 women in the study, 9206 (4.1%) were Asian or Pacific Islander, 50 235 (22.5%) were Black, 39 039 (17.5%) were Hispanic, and 110 443 (49.4%) were White, with a mean (SD) age of 27.6 (6.2) years. There were 2074 (0.9%) women with disability and 221 311 (99.1%) without. Among women with disabilities, 1733 (83.5%) were physical, 91 (4.4%) were intellectual, and 250 (12.1%) were sensory. Compared with women with no disability, women with disabilities had higher risk of gestational diabetes, placenta previa, premature rupture of membranes, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and postpartum fever as well as maternal death (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 11.19; 95% CI, 2.40-52.19) and individual SMMs: severe preeclampsia/eclampsia (aRR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.80-2.56), hemorrhage (aRR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.09-1.49), and fever (aRR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03-1.67), with the highest risk observed for thromboembolism (aRR, 6.08; 95% CI, 4.03-9.16), cardiovascular events (aRR, 4.02; 95% CI, 2.87-5.63), and infection (aRR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.97-3.67). Women with any disability also had higher risk of interventions, including oxytocin augmentation, operative vaginal delivery, and cesarean delivery (aRR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.25-1.42), with the cesarean indication less likely to be medically indicated (aRR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70-0.89). Risk of adverse outcomes and interventions remained consistent across disability categories.In this study, women with physical, intellectual, and sensory disability during pregnancy were at higher risk of adverse outcomes, including a broad range of SMM and maternal mortality.
Gram-negative bacteria and their lipopolysaccharides in Alzheimer’s disease: pathologic roles and therapeutic implications
Authors: Hyeon soo Kim, Sujin Kim, Soo Jung Shin, Yong Ho Park, Yunkwon Nam, Chae won Kim, Kang won Lee, Sung-Min Kim, In Duk Jung, Hyun Duk Yang, Yeong-Min Park, Minho Moon
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2021)

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most serious age-related neurodegenerative disease and causes destructive and irreversible cognitive decline. Failures in the development of therapeutics targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, principal proteins inducing pathology in AD, suggest a paradigm shift towards the development of new therapeutic targets. The gram-negative bacteria and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are attractive new targets for AD treatment. Surprisingly, an altered distribution of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS has been reported in AD patients. Moreover, gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have been shown to affect a variety of AD-related pathologies, such as Aβ homeostasis, tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, therapeutic approaches targeting gram-negative bacteria or gram-negative bacterial molecules have significantly alleviated AD-related pathology and cognitive dysfunction. Despite multiple evidence showing that the gram-negative bacteria and their LPS play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis, the pathogenic mechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and their LPS have not been clarified. Here, we summarize the roles and pathomechanisms of gram-negative bacteria and LPS in AD. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of using gram-negative bacteria and gram-negative bacterial molecules as novel therapeutic targets and new pathological characteristics for AD.
Re: Riccardo Campi, Riccardo Bertolo, Andrea Minervini, European Association of Urology Young Academic Urologists Renal Cancer Working Group. Re: Partial Versus Radical Nephrectomy in Clinical T2 Renal Masses. Klett DE, Tsivian M, Packiam VT, et al. Int J Urol. 2021;28:1149–54. Eur Urol. 2021;80:760–2
Authors: Takeshi Takahashi
Journal: European Urology (2021)
<scp>A</scp>ccess to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder and Associated Factors Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Andreas Pilarinos, Daniel J. Bromberg, Mohammad Karamouzian
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

The ongoing overdose crisis continues to adversely affect adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and has led to numerous preventable deaths. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, have the potential to reduce opioid use and associated harms; however, there are concerns that AYAs lack access to these potentially life-saving medications.To systematically review peer-reviewed literature on MOUD access and associated factors to synthesize strategies that can improve MOUD access for AYAs who use opioids.The MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, and Global Dissertations & Theses databases were searched from database inception until May 3, 2021. English, French, Russian, or Spanish peer-reviewed studies that evaluated the availability, prescription receipt, or initiation of MOUD were eligible for inclusion.This systematic review identified 37 cohort (n = 17), cross-sectional (n = 15), and qualitative (n = 5) studies that accounted for 179 785 AYAs (mean [SD] age, 24.4 [3.9] years; 148 779 [85%] were female; 67 771 [84%] were White) and examined access to methadone (30 studies), buprenorphine (26 studies), and naltrexone (10 studies). Findings reinforce concerns that AYAs were less likely to access MOUD and suggest that adolescents were more likely to receive naltrexone or buprenorphine-naloxone, which have a lower potential for abuse, in comparison with young adults. This review also identified other factors that were associated with MOUD access, including criminal justice involvement, residing in the US South, living in a limited-income area, Black race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, suggesting ways in which treatment services may be improved to increase MOUD access and meet the treatment goals of AYAs.This systematic review found gaps in MOUD access between AYAs and non-AYA populations in addition to differences in MOUD access between adolescents and young adults. Considering that existing clinical guidelines recommend the use of MOUD among AYAs, and in light of the increasing number of opioid toxicity deaths, there is a need to improve MOUD access among AYAs by reducing barriers to MOUD and providing AYAs with a continuum of health and social supports alongside MOUD. Future research into ways to encourage MOUD uptake among AYAs may improve the treatment and health outcomes for this population.
Low NCOR2 levels in multiple myeloma patients drive multidrug resistance via MYC upregulation
Authors: Tomoaki Mori, Rakesh Verma, Rie Nakamoto-Matsubara, Ka Tat Siu, Cristina Panaroni, Keertik S. Fulzele, Kenta Mukaihara, Chukwuamaka Onyewadume, Allison Maebius, Hiroki Kato, Lai Ping Wong, Ruslan I. Sadreyev, David T. Scadden, Noopur S. Raje
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2021)

Abstract MYC upregulation is associated with multidrug refractory disease in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We, isolated patient-derived MM cells with high MYC expression and discovered that NCOR2 was down-regulated in these cells. NCOR2 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein and its role in MM remains unknown. To define the role of NCOR2 in MM, we created NCOR2 knockout human myeloma cell lines and demonstrated that NCOR2 knockout led to high MYC expression. Furthermore, NCOR2 knockout conferred resistance to pomalidomide, BET and HDAC inhibitors, independent of Cereblon (CRBN), indicating high MYC expression as a cause of multidrug resistance. Moreover, NCOR2 interacted with the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex and repressed the expression of CD180 by directly binding to its promoter and inducing MYC expression. Next, we generated lenalidomide-resistant and pomalidomide-resistant human myeloma cell lines. Whole-exome sequencing revealed that these cell lines acquired the same exonic mutations of NCOR2. These cell lines showed NCOR2 downregulation and MYC upregulation independent of CRBN and demonstrated resistance to BET and HDAC inhibitors. Our findings reveal a novel CRBN independent molecular mechanism associated with drug resistance. Low NCOR2 expression can serve as a potential biomarker for drug resistance and needs further validation in larger prospective studies.
31P Genomic landscape and actionable targets as identified by whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: K.D. Joode, W.S. van de Geer, G.J.L.H. van Leenders, P. Hamberg, H.M. Westgeest, A. Beeker, S.F. Oosting, J.M. van Rooijen, L.V. Beerepoot, M. Labots, R.H. Mathijssen, M.P. Lolkema, E. Cuppen, S. Sleijfer, H.J.G. van de Werken, A.A.M. Van der Veldt
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Feasibility and Accuracy of Menstrual Blood Testing for High-risk Human Papillomavirus Detection With Capture Sequencing
Authors: Jingjing Zhang, Xun Tian, Ye Chen, Sisi Huang, Zifeng Cui, Rui Tian, Zhen Zeng, Wenjia Liang, Qifen Gong, Ronghua Shang, Zheng Hu, Chen Cao
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) persistent infection is the major etiology of cervical precancer and cancer. Noninvasive self-sampling HPV testing is a promising alternative cervical cancer screening for avoiding stigma and improving patient willingness to participate. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of menstrual blood (MB) hrHPV capture sequencing in hrHPV detection. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study collected 137 sanitary pads from 120 women who were premenopausal and had hrHPV as detected by cervical HPV GenoArray testing. Patients were recruited from September 1, 2020, to April 1, 2021, at Central Hospital of Wuhan, China. Target capture sequencing was performed to determine hrHPV genotypes in MB. Sanger sequencing was performed as the criterion standard for detecting hrHPV genotypes among enrolled women. Data were analyzed from April 1 through June 1, 2021. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Complete concordance, incomplete concordance, and discordance of MB hrHPV capture sequencing and conventional HPV testing were defined according to genotype overlapping levels. Concordance of the 2 detection methods and comparative power of MB hrHPV capture sequencing during different menstrual cycle days (MCDs) were the main outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 120 enrolled women with hrHPV (mean [SD; range] age, 33.9 [6.9; 20.0 -52.0] years) provided 137 sanitary pads. The overall concordance rate of MB hrHPV capture sequencing and cervical HPV testing was 92.7% (95% CI, 88.3%-97.1%), with a κ value of 0.763 (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Among 24 samples with incomplete concordance or discordant results, 11 samples with additional hrHPV genotypes (45.8%), 5 true-negative samples (20.8%), and the correct hrHPV genotypes of 2 samples (8.3%) were correctly identified by MB hrHPV capture sequencing. MB hrHPV detection of hrHPV was equivalent on different MCDs, with an MB hrHPV–positive rate of 27 of 28 patients (96.4%) for MCD 1, 52 of 57 patients (91.2%) for MCD 2, 27 of 28 patients for MCD 3, 4 of 4 patients (100%) for MCD 4, and 3 of 3 patients (100%) for MCD 5 (<i>P</i> = .76). The sensitivity of the MB hrHPV capture sequencing was 97.7% (95% CI, 95.0%-100%). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that MB hrHPV capture sequencing is a feasible and accurate self-collected approach for cervical cancer screening. This study found that this method is associated with superior performance in identification of HPV genotypes and true-negative events compared with cervical HPV testing.