tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Text-Book of the Medical Treatment of Diseases and Symptoms, for Use of Students and Practitioners of Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In patients with MI or high-risk coronary disease, influenza vaccination reduced CV events at 12 mo
Authors: Edwin Grajeda Silvestri, Steven Borzak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Source Citation Fröbert O, Götberg M, Erlinge D, et al. Influenza vaccination after myocardial infarction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Circulation. 2021;144:1476-84. 34459211
G-rrrrrrrrrrrr
Authors: James Ransom
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have heard that of all the editorial virtues, stylistic consistency is to be prized the most highly. I wish to compliment you on your consistency in misspelling "hypsarrhythmia" (28 times) throughout the article, "Infantile Spasms, Hypsarhythmia [sic] and Mental Retardation" (<i>JAMA</i><b>182</b>:523-527 [Nov 3] 1962) and on the cover. What happened to the missing "r"? [This curious phenomenon is apparently a case of following the leader. The word was introduced into the literature by Gibbs and Gibbs in 1952 as "hypsarhythmia," meaning "a high arrhythmia." The word has found its way into only one medical dictionary so far, where it is spelled with a double "r." Throughout the electroencephalographic literature, however, where it appears frequently, only one "r" is used. This fact would seem to be rather curious to us, in view of the spelling rules we remember, so we referred the entire matter to
Schoolgirl mothers.
Authors: D Black
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Mutations enhancing the kinase activity of LRRK2 cause Parkinson’s disease (PD) and therapies that reduce LRRK2 kinase activity are being tested in clinical trials. Numerous rare variants of unknown clinical significance have been reported, but how the vast majority impact on LRRK2 function is unknown. Here, we investigate 98 LRRK2 variants linked to PD, including previously described pathogenic mutations, and identify 22 variants that robustly stimulate LRRK2 kinase activity. These include variants within the N-terminal non-catalytic regions [ARM (E334K, A419V), ANK (R767H), LRR (R1067Q, R1325Q)] as well as variants residing within the GTPase domain, predicted to destabilise the ROC:COR<sub>B</sub> interface [ROC (A1442P, V1447M), COR<sub>B</sub> (S1761R, L1795F)] and COR<sub>B</sub>:COR<sub>B</sub> dimer interface [COR<sub>B</sub> (R1728H/L)]. Most activating variants decrease LRRK2 biomarker site phosphorylation (pSer910/pSer935), consistent with the notion that the active kinase conformation blocks their phosphorylation. We find that the R1628P variant that has been linked to PD does not stimulate LRRK2 activity. We observe that the impact of variants on kinase activity is best evaluated by deploying a cellular assay of LRRK2-dependent Rab10 substrate phosphorylation at Thr73 compared to an <i>in vitro</i> kinase assay, as only a minority of activating variants enhance the activity of immunoprecipitated LRRK2, comprising the COR<sub>B</sub> (Y1699C, R1728H, S1761R) and kinase (G2019S, I2020T, T2031S) variants. Twelve variants including some that activated LRRK2, suppressed microtubule association in the presence of a Type 1 kinase inhibitor [ARM (M712V), LRR (R1320S), ROC (A1442P, K1468E, S1508R), COR<sub>A</sub> (A1589S), COR<sub>B</sub> (Y1699C, R1728H/L) and WD40 (R2143M, S2350I, G2385R)]. Our findings will aid in understanding the impact of these variants on LRRK2 kinase activation, stimulate work to reveal mechanisms by which variants impact biology, and provide rationale for variant carrier inclusion or exclusion in ongoing and future LRRK2 clinical trials.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Xuan Chen, Alison H. Affinati, Yungchun Lee, Adina F. Turcu, Norah Lynn Henry, Elena Schiopu, Angel Qin, Megan Othus, Dan Clauw, Nithya Ramnath, Lili Zhao
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a rare, irreversible immune-related adverse event reported in patients receiving treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, clinical risk factors for ICI-induced T1DM (ICI-T1DM) and its impact on survival in patients remain unknown.We used Optum's Clinformatics Data Mart database for assessment of the incidence and characteristics of T1DM in a large de-identified cohort of patients treated with ICI between 2017 and 2020. We applied Fine-Gray and cause-specific hazard models to study associations between patient/treatment characteristics and ICI-T1DM and applied the Cox model with ICI-T1DM as a time-varying covariate to assess the impact of ICI-T1DM on survival.ICI-T1DM was observed in 261 of 30,337 (0.86%) patients. Dual use of antibodies to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was associated with increasing risk of ICI-T1DM (hazard ratio [HR] 1.62; 95% CI 1.15-2.26) vs. anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 alone. Younger age (HR 1.19 for every 5-year decrease; 95% CI 1.13-1.25) and preexisting non-T1DM diabetes (HR 4.48; 95% CI 3.45-5.83) were also associated with higher risk of ICI-T1DM. Conversely, prior use of immunosuppressive medications (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.34-0.95) was associated with lower incidence of ICI-T1DM, but part of its protective effect may be due to the increased mortality rate. Development of ICI-T1DM does not seem to significantly impact patient survival.The risk of ICI-T1DM is associated with the type of ICI therapy, patient age, and preexisting non-T1DM diabetes. These data may help guide risk assessment and screening practices for patients during ICI therapy.
The use of orchids in Chinese medicine
Authors: C. J Bulpitt, Y. Li, P. F Bulpitt, J. Wang
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

In this article, the therapeutic uses of five Chinese medicines that contain orchids are discussed, together with a brief report of some of the animal experimentation undertaken. The impression that these preparations have no therapeutic use may be incorrect. However, herbal preparations have not usually been subject to the rigorous characterization and standardization necessary for clinical study, and persuading practitioners that substances in use for many centuries still need to be tested in randomized controlled clinical trials is proving a significant challenge.
The interferon—cancer trials: hardly hopeless but not too heartening
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
T-cell receptor Vbeta gene utilization in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: M Mayo
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) was used to study the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain variable (Vbeta) region gene families expressed by T cells in 28 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 20 normal controls, and 9 patients with other chronic inflammatory hepatic diseases. We hypothesized that activation and clonal proliferation of T cells would lead to biases in the T-cell repertoire of patients with PBC. Freshly harvested T cells from both peripheral blood and liver tissue were examined for evidence of biased Vbeta utilization. Individuals varied considerably in their pattern of Vbeta expression, but several significant differences were noted in the PBC group. In peripheral blood, the mean level of Vbeta6.1,3 expression was greater in PBC patients than in normal controls. In the liver of PBC patients, the mean level of Vbeta6.1,3 expression was even higher than in the peripheral blood, indicating intrahepatic accumulation of these T cells. The mean level of Vbeta6.1,3 expression was not significantly different in the blood compared with liver in patients with other liver diseases. Expression of Vbeta7 and Vbeta13.1 was also significantly greater in the liver than in the blood of PBC patients, but similar trends were also seen in the control liver group. These data show that specific alterations in the TCR repertoire are present in the blood and liver of patients with PBC. (Hepatology 1996 Nov;24(5):1148-55)
PULMONARY VENTILATION IN TRAUMA AND SHOCK
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Norman R. Barrett, CBE, MA, MChir, FRCS.
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Editor in 1945 by the founder members of the Thoracic Society, and served in this office, with a suc- cession of medical co-editors, until 1971.He served as President of the Society in 1963, while still Editor, a combination of concurrent offices that must be rare indeed.Twenty-five years in the demanding role of editor is in itself a remarkable record.But it is the intellectual, professional, and personal qualities that he brought to this role by which his outstanding contribution to the journal, and to the Thoracic Society, will be remembered.A widely experienced, thoughtful, and inquiring surgeon, he had a love for and extensive acquaintance with literature and history,
Imaging for sinusitis
Authors: R. P. Harrie
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Meyer discusses the implication that increased parenchymal density of breast tissue associated with HRT will obscure occult malignant masses. This is a legitimate concern that should be taken into account by women who are at high risk for breast cancer, who are on HRT, and who have increased breast density. Meyer speculates that increased density, when focal, may presage the development of a malignant process. Since he saw that densities regressed soon after HRT was terminated, one can infer that the hormones may promote tumor growth. This inference may be supported by recent evidence from a large epidemiologic study that showed that current use of HRT was associated with a small but significant increase in risk of breast cancer.<sup>1</sup>Meyer also wonders why the increase in parenchymal density was only seen in 24% of women on HRT. That the increase occurred in a minority of the
The Cover
Authors: Kennedy Galleries
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Does Controlled Donation after Circulatory Death Violate the Dead Donor Rule?
Authors: Emil J. Nielsen Busch, Marius T. Mjaaland
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

The vital status of patients who are a part of controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) is widely debated in bioethical literature. Opponents to currently applied cDCD protocols argue that they violate the dead donor rule, while proponents of the protocols advocate compatibility. In this article, we argue that both parties often misinterpret the moral implications of the dead donor rule. The rule as such does not require an assessment of a donor's vital status, we contend, but rather an assessment of whether procurement of organs in cDCD cause the death of the donor or not. We then argue that commonly practiced cDCD protocols do not violate the dead donor rule, since the donation does not trigger or cause the death of the donors.
Blocking CD47 Shrinks Pancreatic Tumors
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Abstract In preclinical research, investigators found that CD47 is highly expressed on the surface of cells in two types of pancreatic cancer, preventing the immune system from recognizing and destroying the cells. Blocking CD47 with the monoclonal antibody Hu5F9 led to the elimination of tumors, fewer metastases, and prolonged survival in mice.
Fibrillar Collagen Variants in Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Seyedeh Maryam Zekavat, Elizabeth L. Chou, Melica Zekavat, Akhil Pampana, Kaavya Paruchuri, Christian Lacks Lino Cardenas, Satoshi Koyama, Yousef Ghazzawi, Erina Kii, Md Mesbah Uddin, James Pirruccello, Hongyu Zhao, Malissa Wood, Pradeep Natarajan, Mark E. Lindsay
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized nonatherosclerotic cause of acute myocardial infarction enriched among individuals with early-onset myocardial infarction but is of unclear etiology. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess which genes contribute to the development of SCAD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> To prioritize genes influencing risk for SCAD, whole-exome sequencing was performed among individuals with SCAD in the discovery and replication cohorts from a tertiary care hospital outpatient specialty clinic, and gene set enrichment analyses were also performed for disruptive coding variants. All patients were sequentially enrolled beginning July 2013. Aggregate prevalence of rare disruptive variants for prioritized gene sets was compared between individuals with SCAD with population-based controls comprising 46 468 UK Biobank participants with whole-exome sequencing. Complementary mice models were used for in vivo validation. Analysis took place between June 2020 and January 2021. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The frequency and identity of rare genetic variants in individuals with SCAD. <h3>Results</h3> Of 130 patients, 109 (83.8%) were female (26 of 32 [81.2%] in the discovery cohort and 83 of 98 [84.7%] in the replication cohort) with mean (SD) age at first SCAD event of 48.41 (8.76) years in the discovery cohort and 47.74 (10.09) years in the replication cohort. Across all patients with SCAD, rare disruptive variants were found within 10 collagen genes (<i>COL3A1</i>,<i>COL5A1</i>,<i>COL4A1</i>,<i>COL6A1</i>,<i>COL5A2</i>,<i>COL12A1</i>,<i>COL4A5</i>,<i>COL1A1</i>,<i>COL1A2</i>, and<i> COL27A1</i>) were 17-fold (<i>P</i> = 1.5 × 10<sup>−9</sup>) enriched among individuals with SCAD compared with a background of 2506 constrained genes expressed in coronary artery. Furthermore, compared with individuals from the UK Biobank, individuals with SCAD were 1.75-fold (<i>P</i> = .04) more likely to carry disruptive rare variants within fibrillar collagen genes. Complementary mice models haploinsufficient for<i>Col3a1</i>or<i>Col5a1,</i>the 2 most common collagen gene variants identified in SCAD cases, demonstrated increased risk of arterial dissection and increased size of arterial diameters especially in female mice, with resulting changes in collagen fibril organization and diameter. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Unbiased gene discovery in patients with SCAD with independent human and murine validation highlights the role of the extracellular matrix dysfunction in SCAD.
Ethinyl Oestradiol
Authors: T. N. A. Jeffcoate, U. M. Lister, B. Hargreaves, H. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1948)

Ethinyl oestradiol is an orally active oestrogen first pre- pared by Inhoffen and Hohlweg (1938).It is a derivative of alpha oestradiol, the chemical structure of the two sub- stances being very similar.CH3CO Ho
Aphthous ulceration.
Authors: A. J. Moore
Journal: BMJ (1968)

DBIAL Jo same.When it came to weight changes, I found that all but one of the 12 patients lost weight while receiving Sintisone (2-12 lb.(1-5 kg.) in 28 days) and one patient gained 2 lb.(1 kg.) in 28 days while receiving Sintisone.A fact which emerged at the end of the evaluation was that the maintenance dose of Sintisone calculated as prednisolone was lower than that of prednisolone.On the basis of these findings there would appear to be at least two advantages in using Sintisone: one the lesser water retention, and the other lower maintenance dose.I feel that if these findings can be confirmed Sintisone may prove to be particularly useful in the long-term management of many conditions, not least the asthmatic patient.-Iam, etc.,
Effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine vs BNT162b2 Vaccine for COVID-19 Hospitalizations
Authors: Jérémie Botton, Laura Semenzato, Marie-Joëlle Jabagi, Bérangère Baricault, Alain Weill, Rosemary Dray-Spira, Mahmoud Zureik
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This study found that the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine is less effective against COVID-19-related hospitalization than the BNT162b2 vaccine.These results strengthen the evidence supporting a second dose in people who received the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine by an mRNA vaccine as recommended in both France and the US.
Mediators of Racial Disparity in the Use of Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging Among Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Michael S. Leapman, Michaela Dinan, Saamir Pasha, Jessica Long, Samuel L. Washington, Xiaomei Ma, Cary P. Gross
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Racial disparity in the use of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presents obstacles to closing gaps in prostate cancer diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.To identify clinical, sociodemographic, and structural processes underlying racial disparity in the use of prostate MRI among men with a new diagnosis of prostate cancer.This population-based cohort study used mediation analysis to assess claims in the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database for prostate MRI among 39 534 patients with a diagnosis of localized prostate cancer from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015. Statistical analysis was performed from April 1, 2020, to September 1, 2021.Diagnosis of prostate cancer.Claims for prostate MRI within 6 months before or after diagnosis of prostate cancer were assessed. Candidate clinical and sociodemographic meditators were identified based on their association with both race and prostate MRI, including the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), as specified to measure racialized residential segregation. Mediation analysis was performed using nonlinear multiple additive regression trees models to estimate the direct and indirect effects of mediators.A total of 39 534 eligible male patients (3979 Black patients [10.1%] and 32 585 White patients [82.4%]; mean [SD] age, 72.8 [5.3] years) were identified. Black patients with prostate cancer were less likely than White patients to receive a prostate MRI (6.3% vs 9.9%; unadjusted odds ratio, 0.62, 95% CI, 0.54-0.70). Approximately 24% (95% CI, 14%-32%) of the racial disparity in prostate MRI use between Black and White patients was attributable to geographic differences (SEER registry), 19% (95% CI, 11%-28%) was attributable to neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (residence in a high-poverty area), 19% (95% CI, 10%-29%) was attributable to racialized residential segregation (ICE quintile), and 11% (95% CI, 7%-16%) was attributable to a marker of individual-level socioeconomic status (dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid). Clinical and pathologic factors were not significant mediators. In this model, the identified mediators accounted for 81% (95% CI, 64%-98%) of the observed racial disparity in prostate MRI use between Black and White patients.In this this population-based cohort study of US adults, mediation analysis revealed that sociodemographic factors and manifestations of structural racism, including poverty and residential segregation, explained most of the racial disparity in the use of prostate MRI among older Black and White men with prostate cancer. These findings can be applied to develop targeted strategies to improve cancer care equity.