tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13027: Investigating the Airway Opening Index During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Shiv Bhandari, Jason Coult, Natalie Bulger, Catherine Counts, Heemun Kwok, Andrew Latimer, Michael Sayre, Thomas Rea, Nicholas Johnson
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: In 40-70% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cases, chest compressions (CCs) during CPR induce measurable oscillations in capnography (E T CO 2 ). Recent studies suggest the magnitude and frequency of oscillations are due to intrathoracic airflow dependent on airway patency. These oscillations can be quantified by the Airway Opening Index (AOI), ranging from 0-100%. We sought to develop, automate, and evaluate multiple methods of computing AOI throughout CPR. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all OHCA cases in Seattle, WA during 2019. E T CO 2 and impedance waveforms from LifePak 15 defibrillators were annotated for the presence of intubation and CPR, and imported into MATLAB for analysis. Four proposed methods for computing AOI were developed (Fig. 1) using peak E T CO 2 in conjunction with ΔE T CO 2 (oscillations in E T CO 2 from CCs). We examined the feasibility of automating ΔE T CO 2 and AOI calculation during CCs throughout OHCA resuscitation and evaluated differences in mean AOI using each method. Statistical significance was assessed with ANOVA (alpha = 0.05). Results: AOI was measurable in 312 of 465 cases. Mean [95% confidence interval] AOI across all cases was 34.3% [32.0-36.5%] for method 1, 27.6% [25.5-29.7%] for method 2, 22.7% [21.1-24.3%] for method 3, and 28.8% [26.6-31.0%] for method 4. Mean AOI was significantly different across the four methods (p&lt;0.001), with the greatest difference between method 1 and 3 (11.6%, p&lt;0.001), but no significant difference between methods 2 and 4 (p=0.44). Mean ΔE T CO 2 was 7.76 [7.08-8.44] mmHg. Conclusion: We implemented four proposed methods of automatically calculating AOI during OHCA. Each method produced a different average AOI. Consistent, automated methods to measure AOI provide the foundation to evaluate if, and how, AOI may change with treatment or predict outcomes. These four approaches require additional investigation to understand which may be best suited to improve OHCA care.
Comorbidities, Rather Than Older Age, Are Strongly Associated With Higher Utilization of Healthcare in Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: Melissa S.Y. Thong, Daniel Boakye, Lina Jansen, Uwe M. Martens, Jenny Chang-Claude, Michael Hoffmeister, Hermann Brenner, Volker Arndt
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors generally have a higher healthcare utilization (HCU) than the general population due to cancer burden. However, it is unclear which factors are associated with this increased uptake. Our study aimed to (1) compare CRC-related and non-CRC visits to general practitioners (GPs) and medical specialists (MSs) by comorbidities, and (2) assess whether HCU differs by demographic, clinical, and psychological factors. Methods: We used data from a German population-based cohort of 1,718 survivors of stage I–III CRC diagnosed in 2003 through 2010 who provided information on HCU at 5-year follow-up. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate least-square means of CRC-related and non-CRC HCU according to the Charlson comorbidity index and comorbidity cluster, adjusting for relevant demographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics. Results: A higher comorbidity level was associated with more CRC-related MS visits and non-CRC GP visits. In addition to being strongly associated with non-CRC GP visits, comorbidity clusters were associated with CRC-related GP and MS visits, but their association varied by specific cardiometabolic comorbidities. HCU was less dependent on prognostic factors for CRC, such as age and tumor stage, but was strongly associated with disease recurrence, depression, and emotional functioning. Conclusions: Comorbidities, rather than age or tumor stage, were related to HCU, suggesting that CRC survivors use healthcare mainly for reasons other than cancer 5 years postdiagnosis. Improved communication between primary and tertiary healthcare providers could enhance the medical care of cancer survivors with complex health needs and thereby also reduce healthcare costs.
Metformin—A Thought-provoking Addition to Anticancer Therapies
Authors: Jiaqi Liang, Cheng Zhan, Qun Wang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Table of Contents
Authors: Sehhoon Park, Chang-Min Choi, Seung-Sik Hwang, Yoon-La Choi, Hyae Kim, Young-Chul Kim, Yun Lee, Si Song, Myung-Ju Ahn, Daniel Morgensztern, Ramaswamy Govindan, Brett Herzog, Siddhartha Devarakonda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Abstract 13824: Computerized Tomography vs Ultrasound Imaging for Detecting Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Benjamin Karfunkle, Pavitra Kotini-shah, Richard Gordon, Jing Li, Misha Granado, Pratik B Doshi, Henry Wang, Terry L Vanden Hoek
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: After an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the resulting hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) to the brain remains the main cause of mortality. Standardized approaches for measuring the extent of injury and monitoring of changes are lacking and continue to be a critical barrier to progress in improving neurological survival. Objective: We sought to characterize the prevalence of HII detected on computerized tomography of the brain and its correlation to point-of-care optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements as an alternative modality for detecting brain injury. Methods: Adult OHCA patients at an urban academic ED were included in this study on a convenience sample basis from 2018-2019. The patients were grouped by findings of hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) on both initial and subsequent CT brain imaging performed after ROSC in respective groups. CT Brain findings were compared to ONSD measurements as performed with point-of-care ultrasound by fellowship-trained emergency physicians within one hour of hospital arrival and at 6 hours, after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and to cerebral performance category (CPC) at hospital discharge. Results: 76 patients enrolled in the study had a median age was 59, 49% were female, and 37% survived to hospital discharge. 58 patients had CT head performed, 40 had ONSD measured within one hour, and 27 patients had both. Of that 27, 9 (33%) had evidence of HII on initial imaging and 15 (55%) had evidence of HII on subsequent imaging for a total of 20 unique patients. The average ONSD within 1 hour of ROSC for those with no HII on any imaging was 0.59 cm, and for those without HII on initial imaging but with HII on subsequent imaging was 0.67 cm, and this difference was statistically significant (p&lt; 0.05). Of the 20 patients with HI, 14 (70%) patients died and 6 (30%) survived with a CPC of 4. The average time to first CT head was 4 hours and 45 mins and the average time to subsequent imaging was 97 hours and 45 mins. Conclusion: After an OHCA, early time point ONSD measurements can potentially indicate brain injury within 1 hour of ROSC even in those without initial evidence of HII on CT imaging.
Roles of clock genes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Anastasiia Dmytrivna Shkodina, Shing Cheng Tan, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, Mai Abdelgawad, Hitesh Chopra, Muhammad Bilal, Dmytro Ivanovych Boiko, Kateryna Anatoliivna Tarianyk, Athanasios Alexiou
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2021)
Glucose biosensors in clinical practice: principles, limits and perspectives of currently used devices
Authors: Salvatore Andrea Pullano, Marta Greco, Maria Giovanna Bianco, Daniela Foti, Antonio Brunetti, Antonino S. Fiorillo
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

The demand of glucose monitoring devices and even of updated guidelines for the management of diabetic patients is dramatically increasing due to the progressive rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the need to prevent its complications. Even though the introduction of the first glucose sensor occurred decades ago, important advances both from the technological and clinical point of view have contributed to a substantial improvement in quality healthcare. This review aims to bring together purely technological and clinical aspects of interest in the field of glucose devices by proposing a roadmap in glucose monitoring and management of patients with diabetes. Also, it prospects other biological fluids to be examined as further options in diabetes care, and suggests, throughout the technology innovation process, future directions to improve the follow-up, treatment, and clinical outcomes of patients.
Challenges in operationalising clinical trials in India during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abhinav Bassi, Sumaiya Arfin, Rohina Joshi, Nikita Bathla, Naomi E Hammond, Dorrilyn Rajbhandari, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Balasubramanian Venkatesh, Vivekanand Jha
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)
Dupilumab in Children with Uncontrolled Moderate-to-Severe Asthma
Authors: Leonard B. Bacharier, Jorge F. Maspero, Constance H. Katelaris, Alessandro G. Fiocchi, Remi Gagnon, Ines de Mir, Neal Jain, Lawrence D. Sher, Xuezhou Mao, Dongfang Liu, Yi Zhang, Asif H. Khan, Upender Kapoor, Faisal A. Khokhar, Paul J. Rowe, Yamo Deniz, Marcella Ruddy, Elizabeth Laws, Naimish Patel, David M. Weinreich, George D. Yancopoulos, Nikhil Amin, Leda P. Mannent, David J. Lederer, Megan Hardin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Children with moderate-to-severe asthma continue to have disease complications despite the receipt of standard-of-care therapy. The monoclonal antibody dupilumab has been approved for the treatment of adults and adolescents with asthma as well as with other type 2 inflammatory diseases.
Strategies to reduce fractures in older people are not effective
Authors: Helen Saul, Deniz Gursul
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The study This NIHR Alert is based on: Lamb S, Bruce J, Hossain A. Screening and intervention to prevent falls and fractures in older people. N Engl J Med 2020;383:19. To read the full Alert, go to: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/strategies-to-reduce-fractures-are-not-effective/
Health consequences of exposure to e-waste: an updated systematic review
Authors: Sarker M Parvez, Farjana Jahan, Marie-Noel Brune, Julia F Gorman, Musarrat J Rahman, David Carpenter, Zahir Islam, Mahbubur Rahman, Nirupam Aich, Luke D Knibbs, Peter D Sly
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2021)
Loss of function of GATA3 induces basal-like mammary tumors
Authors: Feng Bai, Chenglong Zheng, Xiong Liu, Ho Lam Chan, Shiqin Liu, Jinshan Ma, Sijia Ren, Wei-Guo Zhu, Xin-Hai Pei
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Purpose: GATA3 is a transcription factor essential for mammary luminal epithelial cell differentiation. Expression of GATA3 is absent or significantly reduced in basal-like breast cancers. Gata3 loss-of-function impairs cell proliferation, making it difficult to investigate the role of GATA3 deficiency in vivo. We previously demonstrated that CDK inhibitor p18INK4c (p18) is a downstream target of GATA3 and restrains mammary epithelial cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Whether and how loss-of-function of GATA3 results in basal-like breast cancers remains elusive. Methods: We generated mutant mouse strains with heterozygous germline deletion of Gata3 in p18 deficient backgrounds and developed a Gata3 depleted mammary tumor model system to determine the role of Gata3 loss in controlling cell proliferation and aberrant differentiation in mammary tumor development and progression. Results: Haploid loss of Gata3 reduced mammary epithelial cell proliferation with induction of p18, impaired luminal differentiation, and promoted basal differentiation in mammary glands. p18 deficiency induced luminal type mammary tumors and rescued the proliferative defect caused by haploid loss of Gata3. Haploid loss of Gata3 accelerated p18 deficient mammary tumor development and changed the properties of these tumors, resulting in their malignant and luminal-to-basal transformation. Expression of Gata3 negatively correlated with basal differentiation markers in MMTV-PyMT mammary tumor cells. Depletion of Gata3 in luminal tumor cells also reduced cell proliferation with induction of p18 and promoted basal differentiation. We confirmed that expression of GATA3 and basal markers are inversely correlated in human basal-like breast cancers. Conclusions: This study provides the first genetic evidence demonstrating that loss-of-function of GATA3 directly induces basal-like breast cancer. Our finding suggests that basal-like breast cancer may also originate from luminal type cancer.
Bacteriophage‐Loaded Poly(lactic‐<i>co</i>‐glycolic acid) Microparticles Mitigate <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Infection and Cocultures of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
Authors: Pranav P. Kalelkar, Dina A. Moustafa, Milan Riddick, Joanna B. Goldberg, Nael A. McCarty, Andrés J. García
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Lung infections caused by Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and coinfections caused by S. aureus and Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) are challenging to treat, especially with the rise in the number of antibiotic‐resistant strains of these pathogens. Bacteriophage (phage) are bacteria‐specific viruses that can infect and lyse bacteria, providing a potentially effective therapy for bacterial infections. However, the development of bacteriophage therapy is impeded by limited suitable biomaterials that can facilitate effective delivery of phage to the lung. Here, the ability of porous microparticles engineered from poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), a biodegradable polyester, to effectively deliver phage to the lung, is demonstrated. The phage‐loaded microparticles (phage‐MPs) display potent antimicrobial efficacy against various strains of S. aureus in vitro and in vivo, and arrest the growth of a clinical isolate of S. aureus in the presence of sputum supernatant obtained from cystic fibrosis patients. Moreover, phage‐MPs efficiently mitigate in vitro cocultures of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and display excellent cytocompatibility with human lung epithelial cells. Therefore, phage‐MPs represents a promising therapy to treat bacterial lung infection.
In situ T-cell transfection by anti-CD3-conjugated lipid nanoparticles leads to T-cell activation, migration, and phenotypic shift
Authors: Azadeh Kheirolomoom, Aris J. Kare, Elizabeth S. Ingham, Ramasamy Paulmurugan, Elise R. Robinson, Mo Baikoghli, Mohammed Inayathullah, Jai W. Seo, James Wang, Brett Z. Fite, Bo Wu, Spencer K. Tumbale, Marina N. Raie, R. Holland Cheng, Lisa Nichols, Alexander D. Borowsky, Katherine W. Ferrara
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)
Intradermal administration of fractional doses of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine in a campaign: a pragmatic, open-label, non-inferiority trial in The Gambia
Authors: Adedapo O Bashorun, Mariama Badjie Hydara, Ikechukwu Adigweme, Ama Umesi, Baba Danso, Njilan Johnson, Ngally Aboubacarr Sambou, Sidat Fofana, Francis J Kanu, Visalakshi Jeyaseelan, Harish Verma, William C Weldon, M Steven Oberste, Roland W Sutter, David Jeffries, Miriam Wathuo, Ondrej Mach, Ed Clarke
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)
Clinical Update on Novel Lipid-Lowering Therapies to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk—Reply
Authors: John T. Wilkins, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IgA-Dominated Humoral Immune Responses Govern Patients' Outcome in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Gunjan Mandal, Subir Biswas, Carmen M. Anadon, Xiaoqing Yu, Chandler D. Gatenbee, Sandhya Prabhakaran, Kyle K. Payne, Ricardo A. Chaurio, Alexandra Martin, Patrick Innamarato, Carlos Moran, John J. Powers, Carly M. Harro, Jessica A. Mine, Kimberly B. Sprenger, Kristen E. Rigolizzo, Xuefeng Wang, Tyler J. Curiel, Paulo C. Rodriguez, Alexander R. Anderson, Ozlen Saglam, Jose R. Conejo-Garcia
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Recent studies suggest that B cells could play an important role in the tumor microenvironment. However, the role of humoral responses in endometrial cancer remains insufficiently investigated. Using a cohort of 107 patients with different histological subtypes of endometrial carcinoma, we evaluated the role of coordinated humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses in endometrial cancer. Concomitant accumulation of T, B, and plasma cells at tumor beds predicted better survival. However, only B-cell markers corresponded with prolonged survival specifically in high-grade endometrioid type and serous tumors. Immune protection was associated with class-switched IgA and, to a lesser extent, IgG. Expressions of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) by tumor cells and its occupancy by IgA were superior predictors of outcome and correlated with defects in methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair. Mechanistically, pIgR-dependent, antigen-independent IgA occupancy drove activation of inflammatory pathways associated with IFN and TNF signaling in tumor cells, along with apoptotic and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, while thwarting DNA repair mechanisms. Together, these findings suggest that coordinated humoral and cellular immune responses, characterized by IgA:pIgR interactions in tumor cells, determine the progression of human endometrial cancer as well as the potential for effective immunotherapies.This study provides new insights into the crucial role of humoral immunity in human endometrial cancer, providing a rationale for designing novel immunotherapies against this prevalent malignancy. See related commentary by Osorio and Zamarin, p. 766.
Risk of venous thrombotic events and thrombocytopenia in sequential time periods after ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines: A national cohort study in England
Authors: Nick J Andrews, Julia Stowe, Mary EB Ramsay, Elizabeth Miller
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia, or thrombocytopenia on its own, have been reported after Covid-19 vaccines. We assessed the risk after ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vector and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines in a national cohort study in England.
Ion drugs for precise orthotopic tumor management by <i>in situ</i> the generation of toxic ion and drug pools
Authors: Yushuo Feng, Ruixue Qin, Lihua Xu, Xiaoqian Ma, Dandan Ding, Shi Li, Lei Chen, Yaqing Liu, Wenjing Sun, Hongmin Chen
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Background: Asymmetric intracellular and extracellular ionic gradients are critical to the survivability of mammalian cells. Given the importance of manganese (Mn2+), calcium (Ca2+), and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions, any alteration of the ion-content balance could induce a series of cellular responses. HCO3- plays an indispensable role for Mn-mediated Fenton-like reaction, but this is difficult to achieve because bicarbonates are tightly regulated by live cells, and are limited in anticancer efficacy. Methods: A responsive and biodegradable biomineral, Mn-doped calcium carbonate integrated with dexamethasone phosphate (DEX) (Mn:CaCO3-DEX), was reported to enable synergistic amplification of tumor oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and induce Ca-overload cell apoptosis by elevating the intracellular and extracellular ionic gradients. Results: Under the acidic environment in tumor region, the ions (Mn2+, CO32-, Ca2+) were released by the degradation of Mn:CaCO3-DEX and then escalated oxidative stresses by triggering a HCO3--indispensable Mn-based Fenton-like reaction and breaking Ca2+ ion homeostasis to cause oxidative stress in cells and calcification. The released anti-inflammatory and antitumor drug, DEX, could alleviate the inflammatory environment. The investigations in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that the synergistic oncotherapy could effectively inhibit the growth of subcutaneous tumors and orthotopic liver tumors. Notably, normal cells showed greater tolerance of the synergistic influences. Conclusion: As an ion drug, Mn:CaCO3-DEX is an excellent potential diagnostic agent for precise orthotopic tumor management by the generation in situ of toxic ion and drug pools in the environment of tumor region, with synergistic effects of enhanced chemodynamic therapy, calcification, and anti-inflammation effects.
Failures in thymus medulla regeneration during immune recovery cause tolerance loss and prime recipients for auto-GVHD
Authors: Abdullah S. Alawam, Emilie J. Cosway, Kieran D. James, Beth Lucas, Andrea Bacon, Sonia M. Parnell, Andrea J. White, William E. Jenkinson, Graham Anderson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a widely used therapy for blood cancers and primary immunodeficiency. Following transplant, the thymus plays a key role in immune reconstitution by generating a naive αβT cell pool from transplant-derived progenitors. While donor-derived thymopoiesis during the early post-transplant period is well studied, the ability of the thymus to synchronize T cell development with essential tolerance mechanisms is poorly understood. Using a syngeneic mouse transplant model, we analyzed T cell recovery alongside the regeneration and function of intrathymic microenvironments. We report a specific and prolonged failure in the post-transplant recovery of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). This manifests as loss of medulla-dependent tolerance mechanisms, including failures in Foxp3+ regulatory T cell development and formation of the intrathymic dendritic cell pool. In addition, defective negative selection enables escape of self-reactive conventional αβT cells that promote autoimmunity. Collectively, we show that post-transplant T cell recovery involves an uncoupling of thymopoiesis from thymic tolerance, which results in autoimmune reconstitution caused by failures in thymic medulla regeneration.