tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Re: Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Overall Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: J. P. A. Ioannidis, G. C. M. Siontis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

The excellent article in the Journal by Boffetta et al. (1) on fruit and vegetable intake and cancer risk offers a nice example on why inferences based on P values are problematic in large studies that show associations of very small magnitude. The reported associations between high fruit and vegetable intake and cancer risk reached nominal levels of statistical significance (P = .006 and P < .001, respectively), and the authors conclude that the study “supports the notion of a modest cancer preventive effect of high intake of fruits and vegetables” (1). The respective hazard ratios per 100 g/d intake of fruits and vegetables were 0.99 and 0.98, respectively, and 0.97 per 200 g/d intake of fruits and vegetables combined. The authors are commended for being cautious that residual confounding can affect such hazard ratios of very small magnitude (1). The main problem, however, is that for associations of very small magnitude, P values alone do not suffice to make inferences, even if there is absolutely no residual confounding. The inferences depend critically on how strong the associations are expected to be based on previous results, biological reasoning, or practical considerations, that is, the associations that would be important from a clinical or public health perspective.
Increased ischemic injury but decreased hypoxic injury in hypertrophied rat hearts.
Authors: P GAnderson, M FAllard, G DThomas, S PBishop, S BDigerness
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of ischemic and hypoxic injury in normal versus hypertrophied rat hearts to investigate basic mechanisms responsible for irreversible myocardial ischemic injury. Hearts from rats with bands placed on the aortic arch at 23 days of age (BAND) and sham-operated rats (SHAM, 8 weeks postoperative) were isolated, perfused with Krebs buffer, and had a left ventricular balloon to measure developed pressure. Hearts were made globally ischemic until they developed peak ischemic contracture and were reperfused for 30 minutes. Additional hearts were perfused for 15 minutes with glucose-free hypoxic buffer followed by 20 minutes of oxygenated perfusion. There was an 87% increase in heart weight of BAND compared with SHAM (p less than 0.01). During ischemia, lactate levels increased faster in BAND compared with SHAM, ischemic contracture occurred earlier in BAND than in SHAM despite no difference in ATP levels, and postischemic recovery of left ventricular pressure wa...
Indexing tricarboxylic acid cycle flux in intact hearts by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance.
Authors: R GWeiss, S TGloth, RKalil-Filho, V PChacko, M DStern, GGerstenblith
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Although the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the prime means of carbon metabolism for energy generation in normal myocardium, the noninvasive quantification of TCA cycle flux in intact cardiac tissues is difficult. A novel approach for estimating citric acid cycle flux using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is presented and evaluated experimentally by comparison with measured myocardial oxygen consumption over a wide range of cardiac contractile function in intact, beating rat hearts. Continuous series of 13C NMR spectra, obtained after the introduction of [2-13C]acetate as substrate, quantified the time course of 13C appearance in the carbon positions of myocardial glutamate, which are sequentially enriched via citric acid cycle metabolism. A TCA cycle flux parameter was calculated using the premise that TCA cycle flux is inversely proportional to the time difference between 13C appearance in the C-4 and C-2 positions of glutamate (glutamate delta t50 [minutes]), which are enriched in subsequent t...
Letter by Li et al Regarding Article, “Small Extracellular Microvesicles Mediated Pathological Communications Between Dysfunctional Adipocytes and Cardiomyocytes as a Novel Mechanism Exacerbating Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Mice”
Authors: Yangxin Li, Fengzhi Ding, Zhenya Shen
Journal: Circulation (2020)
Repolarization inhomogeneities in ventricular myocardium change dynamically with abrupt cycle length shortening.
Authors: D SRosenbaum, D TKaplan, AKanai, LJackson, HGaran, R JCohen, GSalama
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDIn single heart cells, abrupt changes in stimulation rate elicit complex alterations in repolarization. The effects of rate change on dispersion of repolarization, however, have not been well characterized.METHODS AND RESULTSTo determine the effects of abrupt cycle length (CL) shortening on spatial inhomogeneity of repolarization in a syncytium of ventricular cells, 124 action potentials were simultaneously recorded from Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts using high-resolution optical mapping with voltage-sensitive dye. The distribution of ventricular action potential durations (APDs) mapped during each cardiac cycle was used to calculate mean APD and repolarization dispersion index (DI), defined as the variance of the distribution. After abruptly shortening CL from 500 to 300 msec, mean APD declined exponentially in normoxic controls (by 23 +/- 3 msec, p less than 0.0001). This response was characterized by beat-to-beat oscillations of APD that were synchronized at all ventricular sites. Af...
Beneficial effect of intravenous diltiazem in the acute management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Authors: ABetriu, B RChaitman, M GBourassa, GBrévers, J MScholl, PBruneau, PGagné, MChabot
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We tested the effectiveness and safety of i.v. diltiazem in the management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in 39 patients, 21 with organic heart disease and seven in heart failure. Fifteen patients presented with supraventricular tachycardia, 12 with atrial fibrillation and 12 with atrial flutter. End points were conversion to sinus rhythm or slowing of the ventricular rate to 100 beats/min or less. Diltiazem was given as an i.v. bolus of either 150 or 300 micrograms/kg over 2 minutes. A second injection was administered to patients who received the lower dose and failed to reach either end point within 30 minutes. The overall success rate was 82% (32 of 39 patients). Time to end point was 5 minutes or less in 20 patients. Conversion to sinus rhythm occurred in 13 of 15 patients (87%) with supraventricular tachycardia and in two of 12 patients with atrial fibrillation. Treatment side effects included a slow ventricular rate in one patient who had a sick sinus syndrome and hypotension in tw...
Contrasting rates of reversal of digoxin toxicity by digoxin-specific IgG and Fab fragments.
Authors: B LLloyd, T WSmith
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Both heterologous IgG and Fab fragments of appropriate affinity and specificity have been shown capable of reversing advanced cardiac glycoside toxicity. Fab fragments are more rapidly excreted and theoretically have a smaller risk of unwanted immunologic effects, but relative rates of toxicity reversal have not been established. Rates of reversal of advanced digoxin toxicity by digoxin-specific IgG and Fab fragments were therefore compared in a dog model of advanced digoxin intoxication. Initial studies confirmed more rapid distribution of sheep Fab fragments (M.W. 50,000) than of the parent IgG molecule (M.W. 150,000) after intravenous injection. Twenty-five pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were given 0.3 mg/kg digoxin intravenously, resulting in rapid onset of ventricular tachycardia in all animals. Eight dogs subsequently given nonspecific IgG or Fab died in asystole or ventricular fibrillation an average of 55 minutes after digoxin administration. Ten of 11 dogs given 1.33 moles of binding sites per m...
147P PD-L1 expression influenced by osimertinib treatment in advanced EGFR T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Y. Yu, L. Xia, J. Zhou, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhang, A. Liu, Y. Fan, J. Chang, L. Wang, Y. Liu, S. Lu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Thromboxane is produced in response to intracoronary infusions of complement C5a in pigs. Cyclooxygenase blockade does not reduce the myocardial ischemia and leukocyte accumulation.
Authors: B RIto, D MRoth, D EChenoweth, A MLefer, R LEngler
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) contribute to myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion. There is evidence that activation of the complement pathway may be one of the mechanisms of PMN activation during ischemia. Intracoronary infusion of complement C5a during normal perfusion pressure is associated with decreased coronary flow, contractile dysfunction, and PMN accumulation. The mechanisms responsible for these changes have not been identified. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a potential mediator of this myocardial ischemic response. Activated PMNs produce TXA2, a known coronary vasoconstrictor, and TXA2 was shown to be a mediator of the pulmonary hypertensive response to activated complement. The goal of the present study was to determine if an enhanced TXA2 production is associated with the myocardial response to C5a and whether cyclooxygenase blockade would reduce the myocardial ischemia. In open-chest pigs, intracoronary C5a (500 ng) caused reversible reductions in blood flow (50.0% of ...
Assessment of The Clinical Impact of Postponing Endoscopic Procedures Using Risk Stratification During Covid-19 Pandemic: a Prospective Systematic Multicentric Study
Authors: S Ouazzani, P Gkolfakis, A Lemmers, D Blero, P Eisendrath, J Devière
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims During the COVID-19 outbreak, we adopted in March 2020 our own risk stratification triage policy facing massive cancellation/postponing of all endoscopic procedures not considered urgent or immediately necessary. At the end of the first wave endoscopy activity resumed progressively. We aimed to assess the impact of procedure postponing on patient outcome.
Arterial oxygenation and arterial oxygen transport in chronic myocardial failure at rest, during exercise and after hydralazine treatment.
Authors: S ARubin, H VBrown, H JSwan
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Arterial oxygen transport (cardiac output x arterial oxygen content) may be decreased in heart failure. We studied the determinants of arterial oxygen transport in 15 patients with chronic, severe myocardial failure at rest and during cycle ergometry. During control therapy at rest, arterial oxygen tension was normal (81 +/- 8 mm Hg, mean +/- SD) and increased slightly during exercise (90 +/- 14 mm Hg). During hydralazine therapy at rest, arterial oxygen tension was slightly higher (87 +/- 9 mm Hg) and also increased during exercise (92 +/- 15 mm Hg). Hydralazine did not increase arterial oxygen tension (0.10 greater than p greater than 0.05), but exercise did (p less than 0.02). Arterial oxygen saturation and content were normal and did not change under any condition or treatment. During control therapy at rest, arterial oxygen transport was low (313 +/- 74 ml/min . m2) and remained abnormally low during exercise (434 +/- 124 ml/min . m2). During hydralazine therapy, arterial oxygen transport was higher ...
TCTAP A-007 Transradial Versus Transfemoral Access in STEMI Patients Undergoing Rescue Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Post Fibrinolytic Therapy: A 10-year Contemporary National Centre Experience
Authors: Quah Wy Jin, Afrah Yousif Adam Haroon, Balachandran Kandasamy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Immunocompetent cancer-on-chip models to assess immuno-oncology therapy
Authors: Tengku Ibrahim Maulana, Elena Kromidas, Lars Wallstabe, Madalena Cipriano, Miriam Alb, Cécile Zaupa, Michael Hudecek, Birgit Fogal, Peter Loskill
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2021)

The advances in cancer immunotherapy come with several obstacles, limiting its widespread use and benefits so far only to a small subset of patients. One of the underlying challenges remains to be the lack of representative nonclinical models that translate to human immunity and are able to predict clinical efficacy and safety outcomes. In recent years, immunocompetent Cancer-on-Chip models emerge as an alternative human-based platform that enables the integration and manipulation of complex tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss novel opportunities offered by Cancer-on-Chip models to advance (mechanistic) immuno-oncology research, ranging from design flexibility to multimodal analysis approaches. We then exemplify their (potential) applications for the research and development of adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint therapy, cytokine therapy, oncolytic virus, and cancer vaccines.
Comment on: Au et al. Body Composition Is Normal in Term Infants Born to Mothers With Well-Controlled Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2013;36:562–564
Authors: Aidan McElduff
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The article by Au et al. (1) is a wonderful example of the research that is required to enable us to determine the optimal glucose treatment targets for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), however GDM is defined. The article by Au et al. deals with fetal outcomes. The infants born to women with tightly controlled GDM are smaller than the infants born to women with normal glucose tolerance, although none of the differences are statistically significant. If these differences …
Modulation of cardiac autonomic neurotransmission by epicardial superfusion. Effects of hexamethonium and tetrodotoxin.
Authors: TMiyazaki, H PPride, D PZipes
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The heart contains superficial cardiac nerves whose effects may be modulated by pericardial fluid bathing the epicardium. We tested this hypothesis in open-chest dogs anesthetized with secobarbital. Oxygenated normal Tyrode's solution (NT) or NT containing hexamethonium, a ganglionic blocker (500 microM), or tetrodotoxin, a blocker of axonal neurotransmission (5 microM, TTX), was instilled into the pericardial cavity to superfuse the epicardium of the whole heart. During each superfusion, effective refractory period (ERP) was determined in deep intramyocardium (greater than or equal to 4 mm in depth from the epicardium) of anterior and posterior left ventricle and in the subendocardium of the right ventricle in the baseline state and during bilateral cervical vagal stimulation (VS) or ansae subclaviae stimulation (SS). Lengthening of ERP induced by VS during superfusion with NT (6.9 +/- 0.3 msec, mean +/- SEM, n = 36) was eliminated during subsequent superfusion with hexamethonium (0.9 +/- 0.5 msec, p les...
Natural course of the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations after balloon endothelium removal in porcine coronary arteries. Possible dysfunction of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.
Authors: HShimokawa, N AFlavahan, P MVanhoutte
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The purposes of the present study were to examine the natural course of the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations during a regeneration and tissue repair process after balloon endothelium removal and to elucidate the cellular mechanism(s) underlying it. Twenty-three male Yorkshire pigs underwent balloon endothelium removal along the proximal portion of either the left anterior descending or circumflex coronary artery and were then maintained on a regular chow for 4, 8, 16, or 24 weeks. Endothelium-dependent responses were examined in vitro in rings taken from the control and previously denuded arteries studied in parallel. Morphometric analysis revealed that intimal thickening developed only at the previously denuded area. In the previously denuded arteries with regenerated endothelium, the endothelium-dependent relaxations to UK 14304 (a selective alpha 2-adrenergic agonist), serotonin, and aggregating platelets were impaired 4 weeks after endothelium removal and remained so throughout the stud...
Continuous infusion of tracer norepinephrine may miscalculate unidirectional nerve uptake of norepinephrine in humans.
Authors: J HHenriksen, N JChristensen, HRing-Larsen
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

In order to evaluate uptake kinetics of norepinephrine (NE) in different tissues, a catheterization study was performed in control subjects (n = 6) and patients with enhanced sympathetic nervous activity (cirrhosis, n = 12) during constant intravenous infusion of L[3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) for 75 minutes. In spite of a higher NE spillover from kidneys in patients compared with controls (82 vs. 49 ng/min, p less than 0.01), renal extraction ratios of [3H]NE were similar in the two groups (0.33 vs. 0.32, NS), and no significant change was observed during the time of infusion. In contrast, liver-intestine extraction ratios of [3H]NE decreased significantly and equally with infusion time in patients (from 0.57 to 0.44, p less than 0.01) and controls (from 0.59 to 0.46, p less than 0.01). This was observed despite the fact that spillover of NE from this vascular bed was observed only in patients with cirrhosis and not in controls (41 vs. -5 ng/min, p less than 0.02). In the lower limb, net release of NE was ...
Trauma and seronegative spondylarthropathy.
Authors: R Scarpa, A del Puente, C di Girolamo, G Della Valle, G Larizza, E Lubramo, P Oriente
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Leters to the editor increase haemoglobin synthesis and erythropoiesis.Further clinical and fundamental research is warranted to establish the possible beneficial effects of (oral) iron chelation treatment on RA activity and the anaemia of chronic disease.
Evidence for a new mineralocorticoid in patients with low-renin essential hypertension.
Authors: J ASennett, R DBrown, D PIsland, L RYarbro, J TWatson, P ESlaton, J WHollifield, G WLiddle
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Patients with low-renin essential hypertension have certain features consistent with excessive mineralocorticoid activity. Because known mineralocorticoids are normal in the majority of low-renin essential hypertension patients, an unknown mineralocorticoid was sought in the urine of such patients. Urine extracts from patients with low-renin essential hypertension were assayed for mineralocorticoid activity in adrenalectomized rats and found to contain more such activity than could be accounted for by the known mineralocorticoids in the extracts. The factor responsible for the unexplained mineralocorticoid activity was purfied and then identified by mass spectral analysis as 16beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (16beta-OH-DHEA). Synthetic 16beta-OH-DHEA was found to have a mineralocorticoid potency one-fortieth that of aldosterone in the rat bioassay. The mineralocorticoid effects of both the urine extracts and the synthetic steroid were blocked in the rat by spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid antagonist...
Muscarinic cholinergic-receptor stimulation of specific GTP hydrolysis related to adenylate cyclase activity in canine cardiac sarcolemma.
Authors: J WFleming, A MWatanabe
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

One component of muscarinic receptor inhibition of the function of cardiac ventricles is mediated by the inhibition of activated adenylate cyclase activity in sarcolemma. We have shown previously that muscarinic agonists inhibit GTP- but not Gpp(NH)p-activated adenylate cyclase activity, and various studies in other tissues indicate that nonhydrolyzable GTP analogues prevent inactivation of the enzyme. These data have suggested a role for GTP hydrolysis in the mechanism of inhibition of adenylate cyclase. The present study demonstrates that purified canine cardiac sarcolemma displays high-affinity GTPase activity that is reciprocally related to adenylate cyclase activity. The high-affinity GTPase activity was stimulated by muscarinic agonists and blocked by atropine. Furthermore, the one-half maximal effects of oxotremorine for binding to muscarinic receptors, stimulation of high-affinity GTPase activity, and inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity were similar. Muscarinic stimulation of GTPase activity ...
Mitral anulus motion. Relation to pulmonary venous and transmitral flows in normal subjects and in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: GKeren, E HSonnenblick, T HLeJemtel
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The dynamics between mitral anulus motion, and, thus, motion of the base of the heart, and filling of the left atrium and ventricle were studied by Doppler echocardiography in 12 normal subjects and 28 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The normal motion of the mitral anulus is associated with two phases of inflow from the pulmonary veins. The first phase (J) of pulmonary venous inflow occurs during ventricular systole, concomitant with the descent of the mitral anulus toward the ventricular apex, the extent of which is 12.8 +/- 1.4 mm. The end of the descent of the anulus occurs at the cessation of aortic ejection. About 100 msec later, a rapid recoil of the mitral anulus toward the atrium coincides with the onset of transmitral filling. This rapid recoil contributes to the displacement of blood from the atria into the ventricles in early diastole. The second phase (K) of pulmonary venous flow begins in early diastole, with its peak occurring about 50 msec after the peak of transmitral flow. During at...
Physiological pulsatile flow culture conditions to generate functional endothelium on a sulfated silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffold
Authors: Haifeng(, Yuanwen, Xuejin, Gong, Huang, Jia, Xili, Liu, Ding, Xiaoming, Fan, Yubo, Zheng, Lisha, Zou, Meili, Xianghui(, Li, Zhou, Xiaoling, Jinchuan, Gang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Thromboembolic Events and Endoscopy-Related Bleeding in Patients on Direct Oral Anticoagulants or Vitamin K Antagonists: A Multicentric Prospective Observational Study
Authors: E Rodriguez de Santiago, R Sánchez Aldehuelo, F Riu Pons, C Rodríguez Escaja, G Fernández Esparrach, Á Cañete Ruiz, C Ferre Aracil, D Pérez Corte, R Ríos León, HM Marcos Prieto, PG Delgado Guillena, A García Rodríguez, C Warner Argente, A Muriel, E De La Fuente Briongos, A García García de Paredes, S Parejo Carbonell, L Téllez, C Senosiain Lalastra, D Burgos Santamaría, M Aicart Ramos, B Mateos Muñoz, B Peñas García, G Pagano, G Casals Urquiza, M Urpi Ferreruela, MA de Jorge Turrión, E Barreiro Alonso, M Fraile López, A Gómez Outomuro, MI Altamirano, M Núñez Esteban, M Ruiz Andreu, J Arribas Anta, D de Frutos, A Herreros de Tejada, ML Arias Rivera, M Roldán Fernández, ÁF Marcos Martin, J Zamora, A Brujats, E Tavío, P Pérez Riveras, E Vázquez Sequeiros, A Albillos
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims 1. To compare the risks of endoscopy-related gastrointestinal bleeding and thromboembolic events in patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in elective endoscopy.