tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nano versus Molecular: Optical Imaging Approaches to Detect and Monitor Tumor Hypoxia
Authors: Miffy Hok Yan Cheng, Yulin Mo, Gang Zheng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Hypoxia is a ubiquitous feature of solid tumors, which plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis and resistance development. Conventional hypoxia detection methods lack continuous functional detection and are generally less suitable for dynamic hypoxia measurement. Optical sensors hereby provide a unique opportunity to noninvasively image hypoxia with high spatiotemporal resolution and enable real‐time detection. Therefore, these approaches can provide a valuable tool for personalized treatment planning against this hallmark of aggressive cancers. Many small optical molecular probes can enable analyte triggered response and their photophysical properties can also be fine‐tuned through structural modification. On the other hand, optical nanoprobes can acquire unique intrinsic optical properties through nanoconfinement as well as enable simultaneous multimodal imaging and drug delivery. Furthermore, nanoprobes provide biological advantages such as improving bioavailability and systemic delivery of the sensor to enhance bioavailability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physical, chemical, and biological analytes for cancer hypoxia detection and focuses on discussing the latest nano‐ and molecular developments in various optical imaging approaches (fluorescence, phosphorescence, and photoacoustic) in vivo. Finally, this review concludes with a perspective toward the potentials of these optical imaging approaches in hypoxia detection and the challenges with molecular and nanotechnology design strategies.
Not all that glitters is gold, and not all that is sticky is Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Erlangga Yusuf
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)

Gram staining of the sputum specimen from a 33-year-old man with cystic fibrosis (CF) showed Gram-positive cocci. At presentation, the patient's complaint was a dry cough that worsened upon his return from a camping trip in inclement weather the previous week. He was taking part in a clinical trial on a new CF medication, and was also taking azithromycin 500 mg once a day, and inhaled antibiotic therapy colistin and aztreonam. Upon culturing on 5% sheep's blood (Fig. 1) and on mannitol salt agar (Fig. 2) at 35°C with 5% CO2 and O2 atmospheres, a colony with mucoid morphology grew and was identified as Staphylococcus aureus by matrix-assisted desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). No other mucosity test was performed. This S. aureus (Fig. 3) was susceptible to flucloxacillin, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, vancomycin and linezolid and was resistant to levofloxacin and erythromycin, as determined by VITEK 2 testing.Fig. 2Colonies on mannitol salt agar.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)Fig. 3Colonies on Müller-Hinton agar with cefoxitin disc screening.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) While the presence of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in CF patients is widespread, the mucoid variants of S. aureus are rarely found. In a study from two CF centres, a mucoid S. aureus phenotype was found in 2% of the patients [[1]Schwerdt M. Neumann C. Schwartbeck B. Kampmeier S. Herzog S. Görlich D. et al.Staphylococcus aureus in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients – a retrospective long-term study.Int J Med Microbiol. 2018; 308: 631-639Crossref PubMed Scopus (30) Google Scholar]. Yet this number is perhaps much lower, as determined by our experience gained in a university hospital with CF patient care. When sighting the mucoid isolate for the first time, it was considered cross-contamination of the isolate with mucoid P. aeruginosa, which was also found in the same sputum specimen. The mucoid nature of S. aureus is attributed to capsular polysaccharides. This encapsulated strain can resist phagocytosis and is more virulent than nonmucoid strains [[2]O'Riordan K. Lee J.C. Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharides.Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004; 17: 218-234Crossref PubMed Scopus (435) Google Scholar]. Yet this patient did not have severe symptoms of upper or lower airway infection. Clinical microbiologists and infectious disease specialists should be aware of the existence of mucoid S. aureus in sputum samples, especially in CF patients. In this patient, S. aureus was only isolated twice (the previous time was 9 years ago), while P. aeruginosa was isolated 91 times in a period of 15 years. The author reports no conflicts of interest relevant to this report.
278P Serial assessment of parotid volume changes during radical chemoradiation of locally advanced head and neck cancer: Its implications in practice of adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: A.T. Sreejeev, D. Joseph, A.S. Krishnan, R. Ahuja, D. Sikdar, S. Raut, N. Sharma, S. Basu, D. Kaushik, P. Dhaundiyal, S. Verma, S. Gupta, R. Pasricha, M. Gupta
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
376O Randomized, multicenter trial of autologous cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy plus chemotherapy for squamous non-small cell lung cancer: NCT01631357
Authors: L. Liu, Q. Gao, J. Jiang, J. Zhang, X. Song, J. Cui, Y. Ye, Z. Wang, H. Yao, X. Zhang, X. Hao, R. Xiubao
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
17800 Open-label extension study evaluating the long-term safety, efficacy, and tolerability of FMX103 1.5% topical minocycline foam in the treatment of moderate to severe facial papulopustular rosacea
Authors: Linda Stein Gold, James Q. Del Rosso, Leon Kircik, Neal Bhatia, Deirdre Hooper, Walter K. Nahm, Iain Stuart
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Abstract 10332: A Multicenter, Real-time, in-vitro Observation of Transient Malfunctions in Contemporary Wireless-enabled Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillators During Radiotherapy Courses up to 10 Gy
Authors: Enrico Di Girolamo, Nanda Furia, Marianna Appignani, Massimiliano Marini, Paolo De Filippo, Cristina Leidi, Anna Delana, Agnese Barbareschi, Stefano Andreoli, Domenico Genovesi, Maria Daniela Falco
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The effects of radiotherapy (RT) on cardiac implantable devices (CIEDs) (pacemakers, PMs, or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, ICDs), are unpredictable. CIED function may be im...
Development of an international core domain set for medium, large and giant congenital melanocytic naevi as a first step towards a core outcome set for clinical practice and research*
Authors: W. Oei, A.C. Fledderus, P.I Spuls, C.A.M. Eggen, J. Kottner, C.M.A.M. van der Horst, A. Wolkerstorfer, M.S. van Kessel, S. Krengel, H.C. Etchevers, I.J. Korfage, S.G.M. Pasmans
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Medium, large and giant congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) can impose a psychosocial burden on patients and families, and are associated with increased risk of developing melanoma or neurological symptoms. Lack of consensus on what outcomes to measure makes it difficult to advise patients and families about treatment and to set up best practice for CMN.Fostering consensus among patient representatives and professionals, we aim to develop a core outcome set, defined as the minimum set of outcomes to measure and report in care and all clinical trials of a specific health condition. We focused on the 'what to measure' aspect, the so-called core domain set (CDS), following the COMET and CS-COUSIN guidelines.We conducted a systematic review to identify outcomes reported in the literature. Focus groups with patient representatives identified patient-reported outcomes. All these outcomes were classified into domains. Through e-Delphi surveys, 144 stakeholders from 27 countries iteratively rated the importance of domains and outcomes. An online consensus meeting attended by seven patient representatives and seven professionals finalized the CDS.We reached consensus on six domains, four of which were applied to both care and research: 'quality of life', 'neoplasms', 'nervous system' and 'anatomy of skin'. 'Adverse events' was specific to care and 'pathology' to research.We have developed a CDS for medium-to-giant CMN. Its application in reporting care and research of CMN will facilitate treatment comparisons. The next step will be to reach consensus on the specific outcomes for each of the domains and what instruments should be used to measure these domains and outcomes.
Estimated Cost-effectiveness of Newborn Screening for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in China Using a Markov Model
Authors: Kai Chen, Yaqin Zhong, Yuanyuan Gu, Rajan Sharma, Muting Li, Jinjun Zhou, Youjia Wu, Yuexia Gao, Gang Qin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMVi) is one of the most common infections associated with childhood hearing loss. Prevention and mitigation of cCMVi-related hearing loss will require an increase in newborn screening, which is not yet available in China. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the cost-effectiveness of newborn screening strategies for cCMVi from the perspective of the Chinese health care system. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A decision tree for a simulated cohort population of 15 000 000 live births was developed to compare the costs and health effects of 3 mutually exclusive interventions: (1) no screening, (2) targeted screening using CMV polymerase chain reaction assay for newborns who fail a universal hearing screening, and (3) universal screening for CMV among all newborns. Markov diagrams were used to evaluate the lifetime horizon (76 years). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Cost, hearing-related health outcomes, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were estimated based on a direct medical costs perspective. Costs and ICERs were reported in 2018 US dollars. <h3>Results</h3> Incidence of cCMVi among newborns was reported to be approximately 0.7% in China. Targeted screening was less costly but also less effective than universal screening, identifying 41% of cases needing antiviral treatment and preventing nearly half of less severe or profound hearing loss. To avoid 1 CMV-related severe or profound hearing loss, 13 and 16 newborns need to be treated by targeted and universal screening, respectively. The ICERs of targeted and universal screening vs no screening were $79 and $2087 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, respectively, at the discounted rate of 3.5%. Both screening options were cost-effective for the Chinese health care system based on the willingness-to-pay threshold of 3 × gross domestic product per capita. The sensitivity analysis showed that the prevalence of cCMVi, as well as diagnosis and treatment costs, were key factors that may be associated with decision-making. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> To achieve cost-effectiveness and best health outcomes, universal screening could be considered for the Chinese population. While the results are specific to China, the model may easily be adapted for other countries.
405P Promising efficacy as combination therapy of DFP-14323, protease inhibitor, with EGFR-TKI in patients with metastatic NSCLC harboring EGFR mutation
Authors: H. Yoshioka, M. Mori, N. Katakami, T. Yokoyama, H. Kaneda, K. Hirano, T. Kumagai, C-L. Huang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Aid for American Indian, Alaska Native Individuals Who Want to Quit Smoking
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Presidents’ Health and Medical Confidentiality
Authors: Robert Klitzman
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: James A. DeCaprio
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2020)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin with two distinct etiologies. Clonal integration of Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA into the tumor genome with persistent expression of viral T antigens causes at least 60% of all MCC. UV damage leading to highly mutated genomes causes a nonviral form of MCC. Despite these distinct etiologies, both forms of MCC are similar in presentation, prognosis, and response to therapy. At least three oncogenic transcriptional programs feature prominently in both forms of MCC driven by the virus or by mutation. Both forms of MCC have a high proliferative growth rate with increased levels of cell cycle–dependent genes due to inactivation of the tumor suppressors RB and p53, a strong MYC signature due to MYCL activation by the virus or gene amplification, and an attenuated neuroendocrine differentiation program driven by the ATOH1 transcription factor.
Recombinant antigen 5 from polybia paulista wasp venom modulates the in vitro production of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by intraperitoneal macrophages from BALB/C mice
Authors: M. L. Bazon, I. O. S. Assugeni, C. C. Pansa, L. G. R. Fernandes, R. D. L. Zollner, P. U. Simioni, M. R. Brochetto-Braga
Journal: Allergy (2019)
Successful endoscopic submucosal dissection of a large juvenile polyp in the stomach of an infant
Authors: Zhiyin Huang, Hui Gong, Linjie Guo, Yongmei Xie, Bing Wei, Chengwei Tang, Bing Hu
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

A 5-month-old male infant suffered from massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding that resulted in a hemoglobin level of 48 g/L when he was referred to our hospital. A 4.2-cm mass of mixed density was detected in the stomach by enhanced abdominal computed tomography ([Fig. 1]). No family history of polyposis was recorded and there were no dark spots on the lips, hands, or feet.
Endoscopic placement of covered versus uncovered self-expandable metal stents for palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Kentaro Yamao, Masayuki Kitano, Yasutaka Chiba, Takeshi Ogura, Takaaki Eguchi, Ichiro Moriyama, Yukitaka Yamashita, Hironari Kato, Takahisa Kayahara, Noriyuki Hoki, Yoshinobu Okabe, Hideyuki Shiomi, Yoshitaka Nakai, Yoshinori Kushiyama, Yoshifumi Fujimoto, Shiro Hayashi, Shigeki Bamba, Yasushi Kudo, Nobuaki Azemoto, Toshiharu Ueki, Norimitsu Uza, Masanori Asada, Kazuya Matsumoto, Hiroko Nebiki, Hiroshi Takihara, Chisio Noguchi, Hideki Kamada, Kojiro Nakase, Daisuke Goto, Tsuyoshi Sanuki, Tetsuya Koga, Shinichi Hashimoto, Hidefumi Nishikiori, Masahiro Serikawa, Keiji Hanada, Ken Hirao, Masaya Ohana, Imakiire Kazuyuki, Takao Kato, Motoyuki Yoshida, Hirofumi Kawamoto
Journal: Gut (2020)

Objective Stenting is an established endoscopic therapy for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (mGOO). The choice of stent (covered vs uncovered) has been examined in prior randomised studies without clear results. Design In a multicentre randomised prospective study, we compared covered (CSEMS) with uncovered self-expandable metal stents (UCSEMS) in patients with mGOO; main outcomes were stent dysfunction and patient survival, with subgroup analyses of patients with extrinsic and intrinsic tumours. Results Overall survival was poor with no difference between groups (probability at 3 months 49.7% for covered vs 48.4% for uncovered stents; log-rank for overall survival p=0.26). Within that setting of short survival, the proportion of stent dysfunction was significantly higher for uncovered stents (35.2% vs 23.4%, p=0.01) with significantly shorter time to stent dysfunction. This was mainly relevant for patients with extrinsic tumours (stent dysfunction rates for uncovered stents 35.6% vs 17.5%, p&lt;0.01). Subgrouping was also relevant with respect to tumour ingrowth (lower with covered stents for intrinsic tumours; 1.6% vs 27.7%, p&lt;0.01) and stent migration (higher with covered stents for extrinsic tumours: 15.3% vs 2.5%, p&lt;0.01). Conclusions Due to poor patient survival, minor differences between covered and uncovered stents may be less relevant even if statistically significant; however, subgroup analysis would suggest to use covered stents for intrinsic and uncovered stents for extrinsic malignancies.
COVID-19 public health measures: a reduction in hospital admissions for COPD exacerbations
Authors: Jing Yuan Tan, Edwin Philip Conceicao, Liang En Wee, Xiang Ying Jean Sim, Indumathi Venkatachalam
Journal: Thorax (2020)

Hospitalisations for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) carry significant morbidity and mortality. Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are the most common cause of AECOPD and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health measures, such as social distancing and universal masking, were originally implemented to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2; these public health measures were subsequently also observed to reduce transmission of other common circulating RVIs. In this study, we report a significant and sustained decrease in hospital admissions for all AECOPD as well as RVI-associated AECOPD, which coincided with the introduction of public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
OP0018 Early treatment of recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis patients impairs the effect of hla class ii antigens on the progression of joint destruction
Authors: LR Lard, JM Hazes, FC Breedveld, GM Schreuder, RR De Vries, E Zanelli, TW Huizinga
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> HLA class II antigens influence disease progression as measured by extend of joint destruction in RA. This effect is supposed to be caused by formation of auto reactive T-cells after presentation of (auto) antigens in the context of HLA class II. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate whether in patients with recent-onset RA early DMARD treatment could prevent the involvement of autoreactive T cells, we analysed the association of HLA class II and joint damage in 110 patients with early RA that were treated according to the pyramid strategy with DMARDs and 98 patients with early RA that were promptly treated with DMARDs at two weeks after the first visit. <h3>Methods</h3> DNA isolation, DRB1 typing and subtyping and DQB1 typing were performed. Extend of joint damage was measured by the modified Sharp score of the radiographs of hand and feet. <h3>Results</h3> In the early treatment group the increase in the median Sharp score in the SE+ group was 1.0 to 5.0 in contrast to 1.0 to 3.0 in the SE- group (P &gt; 0.5). However, in the pyramid group the increase in joint damage was 0.0 to 16.0 in the SE+ group in contrast to 0.0 to 5.0 in the SE- group (p &lt; 0.005). On the other hand, in the RF+ group of the early treatment group the increase in joint damage was 1.0 to 6.5 in contrast to 1.0 to 1.0 in the RF- group (p &lt; 0.005). In the pyramid group the increase in joint damage was 0.5 to 17.0 in the RF+ in contrast to 0.0 to 3.0 in the RF- group (p &lt; 0.005). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study shows that early anti-rheumatic drug treatment abolishes the effect of HLA class II alleles on extend of joint damage in early RA patients.
Fundamentals and applications of enzyme powered micro/nano-motors
Authors: Hao Yuan, Xiaoxia Liu, Liying Wang, Xing Ma
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are miniaturized machines that can convert many kinds of energy into mechanical motion. Over the past decades, a variety of driving mechanisms have been developed, which have greatly extended the application scenarios of MNMs. Enzymes exist in natural organisms which can convert chemical energy into mechanical force. It is an innovative attempt to utilize enzymes as biocatalyst providing driving force for MNMs. The fuels for enzymatic reactions are biofriendly as compared to traditional counterparts, which makes enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors (EMNMs) of great value in biomedical field for their nature of biocompatibility. Until now, EMNMs with various shapes can be propelled by catalase, urease and many others. Also, they can be endowed with multiple functionalities to accomplish on-demand tasks. Herein, combined with the development process of EMNMs, we are committed to present a comprehensive understanding of EMNMs, including their types, propelling principles, and potential applications. In this review, we will introduce single enzyme that can be used as motor, enzyme powered molecule motors and other micro/nano-architectures. The fundamental mechanism of energy conversion process of EMNMs and crucial factors that affect their movement behavior will be discussed. The current progress of proof-of-concept applications of EMNMs will also be elaborated in detail. At last, we will summarize and prospect the opportunities and challenges that EMNMs will face in their future development.
A Sweet Approach to Heat Up Cancer Response to Immunotherapy
Authors: Oliver M.T. Pearce, Heinz Läubli
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2020)

Abstract Summary: Song and colleagues describe how N-glycans stabilize expression of checkpoint molecule B7-H4 that suppresses T-cell function. Inhibiting N-glycan stabilization of B7-H4 generates an immune hot cancer that is more responsive to combination therapies. See related article by Song et al., p. 1872.