tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Pulmonary Transit Time and Pulmonary Blood Volume Estimation Using Myocardial Perfusion CMR
Authors: Andreas Seraphim, Kristopher D. Knott, Katia Menacho, Joao B. Augusto, Rhodri Davies, Iain Pierce, George Joy, Anish N. Bhuva, Hui Xue, Thomas A. Treibel, Jackie A. Cooper, Steffen E. Petersen, Marianna Fontana, Alun D. Hughes, James C. Moon, Charlotte Manisty, Peter Kellman
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2021)

The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic significance of PTT and PBVi using an automated, inline method of estimation using CMR. Pulmonary transit time (PTT) and pulmonary blood volume index (PBVi) (the product of PTT and cardiac index), are quantitative biomarkers of cardiopulmonary status. The development of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) quantitative perfusion mapping permits their automated derivation, facilitating clinical adoption. In this retrospective 2-center study of patients referred for clinical myocardial perfusion assessment using CMR, analysis of right and left ventricular cavity arterial input function curves from first pass perfusion was performed automatically (incorporating artificial intelligence techniques), allowing estimation of PTT and subsequent derivation of PBVi. Association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models, after adjusting for comorbidities and CMR parameters. A total of 985 patients (67% men, median age 62 years [interquartile range (IQR): 52 to 71 years]) were included, with median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 62% (IQR: 54% to 69%). PTT increased with age, male sex, atrial fibrillation, and left atrial area, and reduced with LVEF, heart rate, diabetes, and hypertension (model r2 = 0.57). Over a median follow-up period of 28.6 months (IQR: 22.6 to 35.7 months), MACE occurred in 61 (6.2%) patients. After adjusting for prognostic factors, both PTT and PBVi independently predicted MACE, but not all-cause mortality. There was no association between cardiac index and MACE. For every 1 × SD (2.39-s) increase in PTT, the adjusted hazard ratio for MACE was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10 to 1.85; p = 0.007). The adjusted hazard ratio for 1 × SD (118 ml/m2) increase in PBVi was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.13 to 1.78; p = 0.002). Pulmonary transit time (and its derived parameter pulmonary blood volume index), measured automatically without user interaction as part of CMR perfusion mapping, independently predicted adverse cardiovascular outcomes. These biomarkers may offer additional insights into cardiopulmonary function beyond conventional predictors including ejection fraction.
Abstract 15318: Longitudinal Changes in Pulmonary Pressure in Late Life: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Rani Zierath, Brian Claggett, Hicham Skali, Kunihiro Matsushita, Dalane W Kitzman, Suma H Konety, Thomas Mosley, Amil M Shah
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: While the prognostic implications of higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) are well established, few data exist regarding longitudinal change in pulmonary pressure in the community. We characterized longitudinal changes in PASP over ~6.5 years in late life, and identified predictors of this change. Methods: We studied 1,426 elderly participants in the prospective, community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who underwent protocol echocardiography and had assessable tricuspid regurgitation spectral Doppler at 5 th (2011-2013) and 7 th (2018-2019) study visits. We used multivariable linear regression to identify clinical, echocardiographic and biomarker predictors of change in PASP. Results: Mean age was 74±5 years at Visit 5, 32% were men, 24% black, and mean PASP was 27.5±5.0 mmHg. Over a median of 6.5±3.0 years, PASP increased by 5.2±7.7 mmHg on average, with no significant differences by race (white 5.0±7.6, black 5.8±7.9; p=0.40) or sex (women 5.2±7.7, men 5.1±7.8; p=0.95). In models adjusted for heart rate and blood pressure at both visits, and for PASP, clinical and echocardiographic measures at Visit 5, independent predictors of longitudinal increase in PASP at Visit 5 were higher NT-proBNP (p=0.005), larger left atrial volume index (p=0.045), and lower forced expiratory volume at 1 second (p=0.019). Longitudinal increase in PASP was associated with concomitant increases in LAVi, E/e’ ratio, and LV mass index ( Figure ; all p &lt;0.003), but not with changes in LVEF or strain. Conclusions: PASP increased by 5±8 mmHg over 6.5±3.0 years in late life, with greater increases associated with higher filling pressure and worse pulmonary function. Increases in PASP are accompanied by longitudinal worsening in LV diastolic - but not systolic - measures.
Abstract 14744: Native Bicuspid Pulmonary Valve in D-loop Transposition of the Great Arteries: Outcomes of the Neo-aortic Valve Function and Root Dilation After Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Jane Margaret Irwin, Geoffrey Binney, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Sitaram Emani, Elizabeth Blume, David W BROWN
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Neo-aortic root dilation (ARD) is common after arterial switch operation (ASO) for D-loop transposition of the great arteries (TGA). We sought to compare short and long-term outcomes for bicuspid native pulmonary valve (BNPV) patients to those with normal trileaflet variants (TNPV). Methods: A retrospective cohort of TGA patients undergoing ASO at Boston Children’s Hospital from 1989-2018 was analyzed, matching BNPV patients 1:3 with TNPV patients by year of ASO; those with &gt;mild subpulmonary stenosis or complex TGA were excluded. Categorical and continuous variables were compared using Fisher’s exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank test compared groups for time to first reoperation on the neo-aortic valve, first occurrence of ≥moderate neo-aortic regurgitation (AR), and ARD defined as root z-score ≥4. Hazard ratios were estimated based on the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: A total of 83 BNPV patients were matched with 217 TNPV. BNPV patients were more likely to have a VSD (75% vs 44%, p &lt;0.001). Early surgical outcomes including hospital LOS (11 vs 10 days) and 30-day mortality (3.6% vs 2.8%) were similar. During median 10 years follow-up, neo-aortic valve reoperation occurred in 4 BNPV (6%) vs 6 TNPV (3%) patients, with no statistically significant difference in time to reoperation. More BNPV patients had AR at discharge (4.9% vs 0%, p=0.014) and during follow-up (13.4% vs 4.3%, HR 3.9, p=0.004), with shorter time to first occurrence of AR (Figure 1A); this remained significant after adjusting for presence of VSD. Similarly, ARD was more common in BNPV (45% vs 37%, HR 1.64, p=0.02) with shorter time to first occurrence (Figure 1B). Conclusions: While patients with BNPV have similar short-term ASO outcomes, AR and ARD occur more frequently and earlier compared with TNPV patients. Further long-term studies are needed to determine whether this results in greater need for neo-aortic valve reoperation.
Abstract 14786: Women Wait Longer Than Men for First EKG When Self-Presenting With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome, A Review of the Irish National ACS Registry
Authors: Jack Laffan, William Gibson, Angela E McInerney, Hafiz Hussein, Robert Byrne
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Women suffer longer delay times until diagnosis and treatment when presenting with ACS, despite cardiovascular disease being the biggest cause of death amongst women. European guidelines recommend that women and men with suspected ACS are managed according to a common protocol. We aimed to investigate whether differential system delay existed for women versus men due to longer wait time for initial EKG testing in patients who self-presented to the emergency room with suspected ACS, bypassing the pre-hospital diagnosis and warning system Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the Irish national ACS registry and identified all cases of patients who self-presented to the emergency room between 2013-2018. Those patients for whom accurate time delays were not recorded were excluded. Baseline characteristics were compared for both groups. We determined the wait time from presentation to first EKG for both groups and performed a Mann-Whitney U test to test the difference between the groups. Results: Total number of self-presenters was 714 (women 154, men 560), representing 13.2% of all patients in the registry. We excluded 54 due to inaccurate time recordings; 14 were excluded due to first EKG performed by a family doctor in the community. Women were older than men (mean age 66.3 vs. 59.2yrs, P=0.0000012) and had similar rates of diabetes mellitus (10.4% vs. 11.9%, P=0.63). More women were current smokers (45.4% vs. 37.3%, P=0.11), more likely to be hypertensive (58.5% vs 44.5%, P=0.002) and have a diagnosis of hyperlipidaemia (56.7% vs. 46.8%, P=0.048). Median wait times were longer for women compared with men: 25.0 min (IQ 13-74) vs. 18.0 min (IQ 8-42)( P=0.002)(see Figure). Conclusion: Women self-referring with suspected ACS to the emergency room had longer wait times for their first EKG compared with men despite being more likely to have an elevated cardiovascular risk factor profile. Differential wait times for EKG is an important contributor to system delay.
Characteristics of COVID-19 Cases and Outbreaks at Child Care Facilities — District of Columbia, July–December 2020
Authors: Christine Kim, Sasha McGee, Shreya Khuntia, Azam Elnour, Fern Johnson-Clarke, Anil Mangla, Preetha Iyengar, LaQuandra Nesbitt
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

The occurrence of cases of COVID-19 reported by child care facilities among children, teachers, and staff members is correlated with the level of community spread (1,2). To describe characteristics of COVID-19 cases at child care facilities and facility adherence to guidance and recommendations, the District of Columbia (DC) Department of Health (DC Health) and CDC reviewed COVID-19 case reports associated with child care facilities submitted to DC Health and publicly available data from the DC Office of the State Superintendent of Education (OSSE) during July 1-December 31, 2020. Among 469 licensed child care facilities, 112 (23.9%) submitted 269 reports documenting 316 laboratory-confirmed cases and three additional cases identified through DC Health's contact tracers. Outbreaks associated with child care facilities,† defined as two or more laboratory-confirmed and epidemiologically linked cases at a facility within a 14-day period (3), occurred in 27 (5.8%) facilities and accounted for nearly one half (156; 48.9%) of total cases. Among the 319 total cases, 180 (56.4%) were among teachers or staff members. The majority (56.4%) of facilities reported cases to DC Health on the same day that they were notified of a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, by staff members or parents.§ Facilities were at increased risk for an outbreak if they had been operating for <3 years, if symptomatic persons sought testing ≥3 days after symptom onset, or if persons with asymptomatic COVID-19 were at the facility. The number of outbreaks associated with child care facilities was limited. Continued implementation and maintenance of multiple prevention strategies, including vaccination, masking, physical distancing, cohorting, screening, and reporting, are important to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in child care facilities and to facilitate a timely public health response to prevent outbreaks.¶.
Incident SARS-CoV-2 Infection among mRNA-Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Elizabeth M White, Xiaofei Yang, Carolyn Blackman, Richard A Feifer, Stefan Gravenstein, Vincent Mor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Nursing Homes The authors examined incident SARS-CoV-2 infection after mRNA vaccination among residents of 280 nursing homes. A total of 18,242 residents rec...
Mammuthus sp. (Early and Middle Pleistocene Mammoths)
Authors: Patrícia Pečnerová, David Díez-del-Molino, Tom van der Valk, Marianne Dehasque, Anders Götherström, Love Dalén
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2021)

Mammoths, Mammuthus sp., are iconic megafauna species that came to symbolize the Ice Age. However, the typical Late Pleistocene forms, which we know as the woolly and Columbian mammoths, were only the youngest offshoots on the mammoth evolutionary tree. The time window during which mammoths acquired traits that made them adapted to the cold environment has now become clearer thanks to genomic data from three Early and Middle Pleistocene mammoths. Two of these, identified as steppe-mammoths and called Krestovka and Adycha, lived >1 million years ago (Mya) and represent two independent genetic lineages. The third mammoth, Chukochya, is a 650 000-year-old early representative of the woolly mammoth, which descended from the Adycha lineage. Analyses of gene variants, previously identified as underlying cold adaptation in the woolly mammoth, showed that more than 80% of these were already present in the Adycha genome, that is, before woolly mammoths evolved. This includes genes potentially involved in thermal sensation, hair growth, and circadian rhythms. These three Mammuthus sp. specimens represent the oldest DNA sequenced to date (~1.15 Mya, ~1.1 Mya, and ~0.65 Mya). A total of 49 million, 884 million and 3671 million bp of genomic data were generated for the Krestovka, Adycha, and Chukochya specimens. Early and Middle Pleistocene mammoth DNA displays higher fragmentation and greater postmortem damage at CpG sites than Late Pleistocene mammoths. By comparing the relative number of DNA sequences aligned to the autosomes and to chromosome X, all three Mammuthus sp. specimens were identified as males. Asian elephants are the closest living relatives of mammoths. Just like present-day elephants, mammoths had a matriarchal social system, meaning that herds consisted of related adult females and juveniles. Adult males either lived alone or within small bachelor groups. During the past Ice Age, the mammoth’s distribution stretched from Western Europe to Siberia and across North America. One of the most notable morphological adaptive changes in the mammoth lineages through time is the evolution of their molar teeth characterized by an increase in the number of enamel ridges, corresponding to a shift in diet from browsing to grazing. One of the key genes in the evolution of the mammoth lineage is TRPV3, which encodes a temperature-sensitive transient receptor channel. The TRPV3 gene was essential for cold adaptation due to its pleiotropic action, affecting at the same time thermosensation, hair growth, and build-up of fat deposits. Previous studies showed that mice with TRPV3 knockout prefer colder temperatures. Interestingly, of the four substitutions observed in the TRPV3 gene in the Late Pleistocene woolly mammoths, we observed only two in the early woolly mammoth (Chukochya) and its ancestor (Adycha). Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Proboscidea Family: Elephantidae Genus: Mammuthus There are no interests to declare.
Combining AFM13, a Bispecific CD30/CD16 Antibody, with Cytokine-Activated Blood and Cord Blood–Derived NK Cells Facilitates CAR-like Responses Against CD30+ Malignancies
Authors: Lucila N. Kerbauy, Nancy D. Marin, Mecit Kaplan, Pinaki P. Banerjee, Melissa M. Berrien-Elliott, Michelle Becker-Hapak, Rafet Basar, Mark Foster, Luciana Garcia Melo, Carly C. Neal, Ethan McClain, May Daher, Ana Karen Nunez Cortes, Sweta Desai, Francesca Wei Inng Lim, Mayela Carolina Mendt, Timothy Schappe, Li Li, Hila Shaim, Mayra Shanley, Emily L. Ensley, Nadima Uprety, Pamela Wong, Enli Liu, Sonny O. Ang, Rong Cai, Vandana Nandivada, Vakul Mohanty, Qi Miao, Yifei Shen, Natalia Baran, Natalie W. Fowlkes, Ken Chen, Luis Muniz-Feliciano, Richard E. Champlin, Yago L. Nieto, Joachim Koch, Martin Treder, Wolfgang Fischer, Oswaldo Keith Okamoto, Elizabeth J. Shpall, Todd A. Fehniger, Katayoun Rezvani
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Natural killer (NK)-cell recognition and function against NK-resistant cancers remain substantial barriers to the broad application of NK-cell immunotherapy. Potential solutions include bispecific engagers that target NK-cell activity via an NK-activating receptor when simultaneously targeting a tumor-specific antigen, as well as enhancing functionality using IL12/15/18 cytokine pre-activation.
Abstract 17470: Racial Disparities in Goal Directed Medical Therapy in Patients With Systolic Heart Failure- A Single Center Study
Authors: Ayesha Azmeen, Naga Vaishnavi Gadela, Vergara Cunegundo
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Heart failure(HF) is a clinical syndrome that is widely prevalent affecting approximately 6.5 million people in the United States. It accounts for the ever-rising health care costs in the US due to recurrent hospitalizations. Despite advancements in medical management, the mortality and the rate of hospitalizations continues to be high with geographic variations and racial disparities. Through this descriptive study, we sought to analyze the health disparities among Hispanic, African American (AA) and Caucasian population in a single-center. Methods: We identified a total of 178 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction from our outpatient clinic by utilizing the ICD-10 codes. Patients with ejection fraction &gt;50% have been excluded. A retrospective chart review of their ethnic background, medications, and number of heart failure exacerbations per year has been performed. Results: 178 patients (mean age 62 years, 35.56% of females) including Hispanics (n=102), AA(n=44), and Caucasians (n=32) were included in the study. Although all patients were started on Beta-blockers, only 76.4% and 37.2% of Hispanics were started on ACEi/ARBs and spironolactone respectively. Similarly, 72.7% and 45.4% of AA were started on ACEi/ARBs and spironolactone respectively. This is in contrast to Caucasians population, where a majority of patients were on started on GDMT; 90% and 75% were started on ACEi/ARBs and spironolactone respectively. This was also reflected by the number of admissions due to HF exacerbations which ranged from 2-4/year for Hispanics and AA populations and 0-1/year for Caucasians. Conclusions: GDMT for HF is known to reduce heart failure exacerbations, mortality and the ever rising cost of the healthcare system. We have observed that despite recommendations to initiate GDMT in all patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, racial disparities exist. Physicians should be mindful of initiating GDMT in all patients.
Plasma Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) Levels in Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) Patients of Current Standard Therapies
Authors: Ishino Mitsunori, Shishido Tetsuro, Watanabe Tetsu, Nitobe Joji, Miyamoto Takuya, Miyashita Takehiko, Nishiyama Satoshi, Kubota Isao
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Pharmaceutical electrospinning and 3D printing scaffold design for bone regeneration
Authors: Zhen Wang, Yichuan Wang, Jiaqi Yan, Keshi Zhang, Feng Lin, Lei Xiang, Lianfu Deng, Zhenpeng Guan, Wenguo Cui, Hongbo Zhang
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2021)

Bone regenerative engineering provides a great platform for bone tissue regeneration covering cells, growth factors and other dynamic forces for fabricating scaffolds. Diversified biomaterials and their fabrication methods have emerged for fabricating patient specific bioactive scaffolds with controlled microstructures for bridging complex bone defects. The goal of this review is to summarize the points of scaffold design as well as applications for bone regeneration based on both electrospinning and 3D bioprinting. It first briefly introduces biological characteristics of bone regeneration and summarizes the applications of different types of material and the considerations for bone regeneration including polymers, ceramics, metals and composites. We then discuss electrospinning nanofibrous scaffold applied for the bone regenerative engineering with various properties, components and structures. Meanwhile, diverse design in the 3D bioprinting scaffolds for osteogenesis especially in the role of drug and bioactive factors delivery are assembled. Finally, we discuss challenges and future prospects in the development of electrospinning and 3D bioprinting for osteogenesis and prominent strategies and directions in future.
Abstract P025: Atrial Fibrillation Associated With Worsened Postoperative Outcomes In Patients Undergoing Orthotropic Liver Transplantation.
Authors: Michael Dangl, Jelani Grant, Louis T Vincent, Bertrand Ebner, Jennifer Maning, Odunayo P Olorunfemi, Neal Olarte, Rhea Sancassani, Rosario A Colombo
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Pre-orthotropic liver transplant (OLT) cardiac risk assessment commonly focuses on evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the effect of atrial fibrillation (AF) on post-OLT outcomes is less well known. In this study, we sought to evaluate the prevalence and effect of pre-transplant AF on 30-day post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing OLT. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample Database was queried from 2011 to 2017 for relevant ICD-9 and -10 procedural and diagnostic codes. Baseline characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were compared in patients who underwent OLT with AF and those without. Results: Among 45,357 patients who underwent OLT, 35.8 % were women. The prevalence of AF prior to transplant was 2,932 (6.5%) with a trend towards increasing prevalence between 2011 and 2017 with an annual change rate of 4.19%, see Figure 1. Compared to the non-AF cohort, the AF group was older (59.9±7.9 vs 51.2±16.9 years old, p&lt;0.001), with a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), CAD, chronic kidney disease, heart failure (HF), anemia, and thrombocytopenia (p&lt;0.001 for all). In-hospital 30-day mortality (5.8% vs. 3.6%, p&lt;0.001), intra-operative cardiac arrest (8.1% vs. 1.7%, p&lt;0.001), post-operative ventricular tachycardia (7.5% vs. 2.6%, p&lt;0.001) and acute kidney injury (64.2% vs. 49.3%, p&lt;0.001) were higher in the AF group when compared to those without. Using a multivariate logistic regression model to adjust for confounding factors, AF was still predictive of an increased odds of in-hospital 30-day mortality (OR: 1.92; 95% CI [1.61-2.30], p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: In patients undergoing OLT, pre-transplant AF is increasing in prevalence and appears to be associated with worse in-hospital outcomes and 30-day mortality. This effect may be driven in part by a higher prevalence of concurrent cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors in patients with AF. Greater emphasis should be placed on AF in the preoperative cardiovascular risk stratification of patients undergoing OLT.
Glycolytic ATP fuels phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling to support effector T helper 17 cell responses
Authors: Ke Xu, Na Yin, Min Peng, Efstathios G. Stamatiades, Sagar Chhangawala, Amy Shyu, Peng Li, Xian Zhang, Mytrang H. Do, Kristelle J. Capistrano, Chun Chou, Christina S. Leslie, Ming O. Li
Journal: Immunity (2021)