tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival in men diagnosed with castration resistant prostate cancer: A population-based observational study in Sweden.
Authors: Markus Aly, Frida Schain, Amy Leval, Johan Liwing, Joe Lawson, Emese Vago, Tobias Nordström, Henrik Gronberg, Therese M-L Andersson, Erik Sjöland, Chen Wang, Sandra Eloranta, Olof Akre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e16555 Background: Data focusing on the castration resistant phase of prostate cancer (PC) outside clinical trial settings are scarce. This study aims to investigate PC-specific and overall survival (OS) in men with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) on a population level. Methods: The STHLM-0 cohort (n = 400 000) with data on all prostate specific antigen (PSA) values and prostate biopsies taken in Stockholm, Sweden, from 2003 to 2015 were linked to other population registries. All men with a PC diagnosis and rising PSA after three months consecutive use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone or surgical castration were defined as CRPC (n = 1712). Kaplan-Meier was used to estimate median time-to-event and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Patients were stratified by metastasis status at PC diagnosis and multivariable Cox regression was used to adjust for clinical subgroups, including Gleason, age, T stage and calendar period (2006-2011 vs 2012-2015). Results: Metastasis at PC diagnosis was associated with shorter OS from castration resistance. From CRPC onset the median OS was 22.8 months (95% CI 21.2-25.5) and 13.1 (95% CI 11.5-14.2) months for patients without and with metastasis at PC diagnosis, respectively. The median PC-specific survival from CRPC was 30.7 (95% CI 27.9-34.7) months and 13.5 (95% CI 12.3-16.1) months for patients without and with metastasis at PC diagnosis, respectively. For patients with metastasis at PC diagnosis, factors influencing OS from CRPC were; entering CRPC stage in the later vs earlier calendar period (HR 0.61 95% CI 0.48-0.78, p &lt; 0.001), age &gt; 80 vs &lt; 70 (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05-2.02, p &lt; 0.02), T4 vs T1 stage (HR 1.56, 95% CI:1.02-2.37, p &lt; 004). For patients without metastasis at PC diagnosis, developing CRPC in the later vs the earlier calendar period was associated with superior survival from CRPC (HR 0.78 95% CI 0.65-0.92, p &lt; 0.004). Conclusions: Metastasis at PC diagnosis was associated with worse survival outcomes in CRPC patients. Individuals who became castration resistant in the later calendar period survived longer compared to those in the same stage in the earlier calendar period, most likely due to the introduction of novel agents for CRPC patients and more accurate staging methods.
Is Abnormal Radiology A Good Predictor Of Endoscopic Findings?
Authors: M Adam, C Conlon, S Doing, J Morris, B Vankeesan, S Ismail, M Walshe, S Sengupta, J Keohane
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims The aims of this study were to assess the correlation between abnormal imaging and endoscopic findings.
Acidosis, non-invasive ventilation and mortality in hospitalised COPD exacerbations: Table 1
Authors: Helmy Haja Mydin, Stephen Murphy, George Antunes
Journal: Thorax (2011)

Acidosis, non-invasive ventilation and mortality in hospitalised COPD exacerbationsThe national chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) audit confirms the high mortality associated with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) in COPD, particularly in severely acidotic patients. 1The authors highlight the observations that significant numbers of patients eligible for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) do not receive it and that NIV is almost universally the ceiling of care with only 5% of acidotic patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).Comparisons are made with the outcomes of clinical trials of NIV, and there is an implication that in clinical practice NIV is not being used optimally with patients being denied potentially lifesaving treatment.However, patient selection is the likely explanation for the higher mortality rates in the 'real world'.The greater mortality rates in those receiving NIV at all levels of acidosis, even after allowing for early iatrogenic acidosis due to high flow oxygen, suggests NIV is often used in patients with no chance of survival.The high mortality rate reflects the fact that for many COPD patients AHRF represents the end stage of inexorable decline.While pH identifies patients in need of ventilatory support, other factors should be considered to determine the appropriate level of intervention.Clinicians use 'clinical judgement' and objective evidence to support this may be obtained on routine clinical assessment.Previous national audits identified performance status as an important predictor of survival in patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). 2 3We have recently shown that in patients dying from AECOPD a WHO performance score (WHO-PS) $3 is a powerful marker of end-stage disease and a better predictor of death than pH. 4 In 2009 we prospectively studied COPD patients admitted to hospital with AHRF treated with NIV (n¼65).Inpatient mortality was 33.8% and on univariate analysis, factors associated with mortality included poor performance status, long-term oxygen therapy, early warning score, severe acidosis (pH<7.20)and anaemia (table 1).On multivariate analysis only performance status (WHO-PS$3: OR (95% CI) 39.1 (6.8 to 223.6; p<0.0001) and anaemia (OR (95% CI) 5.87 (1.27 to 26.7; p¼0.023) were significant.We acknowledge that the authors may have highlighted possible deficiencies in delivery of NIV and perhaps more patients should be considered for IMV, but we contend that of equal importance is identification of those patients in whom neither NIV nor IMV is likely to be beneficial so that they may be offered more appropriate end-of-life care.
The Contagious Diseases Acts
Authors: R. E. Power
Journal: BMJ (1883)

<h3>Background:</h3> Between 2001 and 2006, the Ontario government introduced a menu of new primary care models, with elements such as patient enrolment and minimum group sizes, and various combinations of fee-for-service, capitation, pay-for-performance and salary. From the statistical perspective of physicians, as opposed to patients, we looked at the distribution of physician characteristics, group size and patient visit patterns across models to describe primary care practice in Ontario. <h3>Methods:</h3> Using administrative data for fiscal year 2010/11 containing information on physician characteristics, patient rostering status, patient visits and other practice information, we described similarities and differences across primary care models. <h3>Results:</h3> Our sample included 11 626 family physicians. Compared with physicians in the new primary care models, physicians in fee-for-service models are much more likely to work part-time and many, particularly younger and female physicians, do not work in full-year full-scope practices. Among the new primary care models, physicians in capitated models are slightly younger, are less likely to be an international medical graduate, work in smaller physician teams and do not practice in urban areas. On average, physicians saw and rostered 1888 patients. Although there is still substantial variation within each model, fee-for-service physicians saw the fewest patients; physicians in capitated models saw somewhat more, and those in the noncapitated models saw the most patients. <h3>Interpretation:</h3> Practice and physician characteristics vary systematically across models. A high percentage of rostered patients see physicians outside the group with which they are rostered. Group-based primary care models may not have a large impact on group integration and continuity in the provision of primary care services.
Time dependence of the oxygen cost of force development during systole in the canine left ventricle.
Authors: RTeplick, G SHaas, ETrautman, JTitus, GGeffin, W MDaggett
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

To determine whether the oxygen cost of force development in the canine left ventricle is constant throughout systole, we inserted fluid-filled Latex balloons into eight isolated canine left ventricles perfused via support dogs. Balloon volumes were varied by a hydraulic servoactuator designed to withdraw preset volumes rapidly (0.5 ml/msec) beginning at a specified ejection pressure. Oxygen consumption was related to force-time integrals for 9-12 different ejections patterns formed by ejecting three or four different volumes from the same end-diastolic volume, each ejection beginning at three different pressures, isovolumic beats with four or five different end-diastolic volumes, including those used for the ejections. The force-time integral vs. oxygen consumption data are nonlinear for ejections that began at low pressures, with oxygen consumption exceeding that predicted from regression lines fitted to the isovolumic data. This difference appeared to peak at relatively low force-time integrals and the...
Interaction of canine carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreflexes in the control of total peripheral resistance.
Authors: M JBrunner, A SGreene, C HKallman, A AShoukas
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Interaction of carotid sinus and aortic arch reflex control of total peripheral resistance was studied in eight dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and placed on constant flow cardiac bypass. Carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptor areas were isolated and separately perfused at controlled pressures. Combinations of carotid sinus and aortic arch pressures were delivered at random in steps of 25 mm Hg over the 50-225 mm Hg pressure range, and systemic arterial pressure was measured. Changes in arterial pressure reflected changes in total peripheral resistance. A multiple linear regression showed that both carotid sinus and aortic arch pressures exhibited a sigmoidal relationship with arterial pressure. Independent of carotid and aortic baroreceptor pressures, arterial pressure was found to be a periodic function of time (period = 2 hours) in all dogs. The average carotid sinus reflex open loop gain was found to be 0.231 +/- 0.092, while average aortic arch open loop gain was 0.141 +/- 0.088. The ...
Diagnostic Accuracy of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Evaluation of Patients With Obstructive Jaundice: Single Center Experience
Authors: S Abobakr, H Elessawy, S Ghaly, M Abo Elezz, A Farahat, M Zaghloul
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims We prospectively evaluated the role of EUS in detecting the cause of CBD dilatation in patients in whom TUS could not demonstrate the cause of dilation as a proper second step in the diagnostic workup of patients with obstructive jaundice compared to MRCP.
Vagal control of pacemaker periodicity and intranodal conduction in the rabbit sinoatrial node.
Authors: V ASlenter, J JSalata, JJalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Effects of brief vagal bursting on pacemaker periodicity and intranodal conduction were studied by recording transmembrane potentials in isolated rabbit sinoatrial preparations. Postganglionic vagal terminals were activated by applying brief (50- to 150-msec) trains of pulses (duration, 100 mu sec; frequency, 200 Hz) to the endocardial surface of the node. Sympathetic effects were prevented by superfusion with Tyrode's solution containing propranolol (1 microgram/ml). Vagal trains applied singly every 10 seconds produced brief hyperpolarizations in true pacemaker and transitional cells, and induced phasic changes in periodicity and conduction. These changes were out of phase with each other, and were dependent on the magnitude and duration of the vagal train, as well as on its position within the pacemaker period. When similar trains were applied repetitively at cycle lengths (200-1200 msec) that were independent of the pacemaker period, complex patterns of vagus-sinoatrial node interactions resulted. H...
Usefulness of Oral Mucosal Transudate for HIV Antibody Testing
Authors: Allan P. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Several errors in the study by Ms Gallo and colleagues1preclude this unblinded study's conclusions. The most important is the miscalculation of sensitivity and specificity and, therefore, predictive values for detection of HIV infection.  As their mathematical basis for calculation, the authors cite Vecchio,2who published methods for statistical calculation of a single diagnostic test, yet disregard his formula. According to Vecchio, sensitivity=(diseased persons with positive test/ all diseased persons tested)ϰ 100, which yields a sensitivity of 98.8% for the OraSure device using the authors' published data. Vecchio's calculation for specificity is likewise 99.6% for their tabulated data and 99.9% for their textual data. However, the authors ignored Vecchio's formula and used equivocal or indeterminate results as both true positives and true negatives to inflate their sensitivity and specificity data.
Chemoprevention with low-dose aspirin, mesalazine, or both in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis without previous colectomy (J-FAPP Study IV): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, two-by-two factorial design trial
Authors: Hideki Ishikawa, Michihiro Mutoh, Yasushi Sato, Hisashi Doyama, Masahiro Tajika, Shinji Tanaka, Takahiro Horimatsu, Yoji Takeuchi, Hiroshi Kashida, Jun Tashiro, Yasumasa Ezoe, Takeshi Nakajima, Hiroaki Ikematsu, Shinichiro Hori, Sadao Suzuki, Takahiro Otani, Tetsuji Takayama, Yoshio Ohda, Kanae Mure, Keiji Wakabayashi, Toshiyuki Sakai
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2021)
Clinical characteristics and long-term survival of patients with variant angina.
Authors: D BMark, R MCaliff, K GMorris, F EHarrell, D BPryor, M AHlatky, K LLee, R ARosati
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We studied 109 consecutive patients with variant angina who underwent cardiac catheterization over an 11 year period. All patients were followed for at least 6 months or until death, and 46 patients (22 treated medically and 24 treated surgically) were followed for 5 years or more. Of the 62 patients initially treated medically, 14 had nonfatal myocardial infarctions (12 within 1 month of catheterization) and 12 died (six within 6 months). Survival probabilities at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.88, 0.84, and 0.77, respectively. Of the 48 surgically treated patients (including four patients initially treated medically and one initially treated with coronary angioplasty), four had nonfatal infarctions (three in the perioperative period) and three died (all in the perioperative period). The survival probability in these patients at 1 year was 0.94 and remained unchanged at 3 and 5 years. Only one nonfatal infarction and no deaths have occurred in the group of surgically treated patients subsequent to hospital dis...
Fibrosis — A Common Pathway to Organ Injury and Failure
Authors: Don C Rockey, P Darwin Bell, Joseph A Hill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

n engl j med 373;1 nejm.org july 2, 2015 95 cause there is a need to define the disease burden and costs associated with chikungunya virus infection, and there are important therapeutic implications underscored by Simon et al., because disease-modifying drugs such as methotrexate should be prescribed only to patients who truly have chronic inflammatory rheumatism. Little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms of the symptoms of chronic chikungunya fever, including the viral and host factors responsible for rapid recovery versus the development of chronic musculoskeletal symptoms, arthralgia, arthritis, or destructive arthritis. This constitutes a major scientific challenge that will require both experimental systems and detailed analyses involving appropriate patient cohorts. Cabie and colleagues share the results of their first clinical analysis involving patients infected with chikungunya virus in Martinique. They confirm that the high incidence of chronic symptoms associated with Indian Ocean lineage virus strains circulating in Asia is also observed with the Asian strains recently introduced from Asia into the Americas. It is also important to stress that, given the variety of chronic symptoms associated with chikungunya virus infection, the absence of biomarkers to monitor disease progression, and the very limited therapeutic options available, providing patients with access to a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic can be very helpful in disease management. Scott C. Weaver, Ph.D.
Clinical and hemodynamic results of mitral valve replacement with autologous fascia lata grafts. Studies in patients with competent prostheses.
Authors: S HTaylor, M CGalvin, B CPakrashi, A TTulpule, M IIonescu, WWhitaker
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Nine patients with severe mitral disease were studied before and six months after mitral valve replacement with a three-cusp stented prosthesis using fresh autologous fascia lata tissue. Only patients in whom there was no auscultatory and angiographic evidence of incompetence of the replaced valve were selected for restudy. All patients claimed a marked improvement in their exercise capacity after operation and there was a significant reduction in radiographic heart size. The cardiac output at rest and the response to exercise were both reduced before operation and were unchanged after valve replacement. The elevated pulmonary arterial and wedge pressures were significantly reduced after operation in all patients both at rest and during exercise, but in no instance were the postoperative exercise values within normal limits. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was within normal limits at rest and during exercise in all patients after valve replacement but the average pressure gradient across the fasci...
Calcium channel antagonist properties of Bay K 8644 in single guinea pig ventricular cells.
Authors: R WHadley, J RHume
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The effects of Bay K 8644 on the high-threshold calcium channel was investigated by means of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in single guinea pig ventricular myocytes. The goal of the experiments was to characterize the inhibitory effects of Bay K 8644 on the calcium channel, and identify the factors that influence the inhibition. Bay K 8644 was found to have strong calcium channel antagonist properties, which were both dose- and voltage-dependent. Channel block by Bay K 8644 had both a tonic and a use-dependent component. The stimulatory effect of the drug was found to have little obvious dependence on the holding potential. The accumulation of use-dependent block during trains of pulses was facilitated by faster rates of stimulation, longer pulse durations, and more positive holding potentials. Application of the drug induced the appearance of a second, slow component of calcium channel recovery. Both the time-constant and relative proportion of the slow component of recovery were found to be volta...
Continuous rapid atrial pacing to control recurrent or sustained supraventricular tachycardias following open heart surgery.
Authors: A LWaldo, W AMacLean, R BKarp, N TKouchoukos, T NJames
Journal: Circulation (1976)

A technique is described to control recurrent or sustained supraventricular tachycardia associated with rapid ventricular rates following open heart surgery. The technique utilizes a pair of temporarily implanted atrial epicardial wire electrodes to pace the heart. In one group of patients with recurrent atrial flutter and 2:1 A-V conduction, continuous rapid atrial pacing at 450 beats/min produced and sustained atrial fibrillation. The ventricular response rate immediately slowed when compared to that during atrial flutter, and if further slowing was required, it was easily accomplished by the administration of digitalis. Another group of patients with different arrhythmias (recurrent paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, sustained ectopic atrial tachycardia, or sinus rhythm with premature atrial beats which precipitated runs of atrial fibrillation) was treated with continuous rapid atrial pacing to produce 2:1 A-V block. In all instances, the continuous rapid atrial pacing suppressed the supraventricular tachy...
The effect of pH on cellular and membrane calcium binding and contraction of myocardium. A possible role for sarcolemmal phospholipid in EC coupling.
Authors: G ALanger
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Calcium binding to cultured whole cell monolayers, to their membranes made by gas dissection, and to sarcolemmal vesicles from canine heart, is measured as a function of pH from 5.5-8.5. The effects on binding are compared to the contraction response of the cultured cells over the same pH range. All responses to pH, including calcium binding and contraction, are well described (r = 0.98-0.99) by a relation in which calcium binding depends primarily upon the extent of ionization of sarcolemmal binding sites. The effect of pH on calcium binding to phospholipid extracted from sarcolemmal vesicles suggests that the phospholipid accounts for at least 75% of the binding. The extent of ionization of the sites is pH-dependent and predicted by a form of the Henderson-Hasselbach relation with pK of the putative sites between 6.60 and 7.15. As pH increases from 5.5-8.5, membranous calcium binding, cellular calcium uptake, and contraction amplitude increase proportionally. Cellular calcium uptake increases by 4.4 m...
Reduction of ischemic injury by sublingual nitroglycerin in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: N AAwan, E AAmsterdam, ZVera, A NDeMaria, R RMiller, D TMason
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The effect of sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) on myocardial ischemic injury was evaluated in eleven patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. Precordial 35-lead ST-segment maps were obtained in each patient immediately before and 3-10 minutes after 0.4 mg sublingual NTG. The following measurements were made from each ST map: N-ST (number of leads showing ST elevation greater than 1mm), sigmaST (total ST elevation in all leads), ST (average ST-segment elevation in those leads with less than 1mm elevation). Following 0.4 mg sublingual NTG evidence of myocardial ischemic injury as assessed by ST-segment mapping decreased in association with reduction of heart rate X systolic blood pressure product (10.80 X 10(3) to 9.49 X 10(3), P less than 0.001). Group mean values diminished significantly for N-ST (18.1 to 14.4, P less than 0.001), sigma ST (37.9 to 30.1 P less than 0.005) and ST (1.7 to 1.4, P less than 0.001). Evaluation performed by the technique of precordial ST-segment mapping suggests that s...
Answers Are in the Blood: cfDNA to Enhance Precision Medicine for Breast Cancer
Authors: Hope S. Rugo, Laura Huppert
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Identification of biomarkers to drive treatment using cell-free DNA allows dynamic and safe assessment of tumor biology representing an important advance adding to tissue-based genotyping. Caution must be exercised interpreting commercial matching information as validation is often lacking, and true matching is feasible in a minority of patients. See related article by Vidula et al., p. 3404
Pleural effusion as a cause of right ventricular diastolic collapse.
Authors: KVaska, L SWann, KSagar, H SKlopfenstein
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDWe hypothesized, after seeing several suggestive clinical examples, that a process leading to a large bilateral pleural effusion in the presence of an otherwise insignificant pericardial effusion could result in right ventricular diastolic collapse (RVDC) as seen by two-dimensional echocardiography. This noninvasive marker for hemodynamically significant cardiac tamponade occurs when pericardial fluid is under pressure. Therefore, RVDC resulting from a large pleural effusion would represent a false-positive indication of cardiac tamponade caused by excessive pericardial fluid.METHODS AND RESULTSSeven spontaneously breathing dogs were chronically instrumented to measure ascending aortic, right atrial, intrapericardial, intrapleural, left atrial, and pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac output. Intravascular volume was adjusted before each experiment to the euvolemic range with saline solution. The onset of RVDC was observed in each animal by two-dimensional echocardiography during seven paired ...