tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOME FEATURES OF MAMMARY GLAND FUNCTIONS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

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手部湿疹光疗试点试验
Authors: D. Brass, T. Fouweather, D.D. Stocken, C. Macdonald, J. Wilkinson, J. Lloyd, P.M. Farr, N.J. Reynolds, P.J. Hampton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

手部湿疹是最常见的皮肤病之一,某些研究估计,多达10%的欧洲人口在某个阶段患有一定程度的手部湿疹。手部湿疹病因多样,一些人具有基因倾向,另一些人患上手部湿疹是因为所从事的工作,通常是因为在医疗或酒店行业频繁洗手。手部湿疹的初步治疗是避免明显的触发因素以及使用大量保湿霜。如果问题继续,要由医生开具类固醇乳膏。这些措施通常足以治愈湿疹,但是如果湿疹继续,则医生会提供基于紫外线(UV)的光线治疗或药片治疗。本研究调查了两种不同形式的UV光线治疗,用于治疗湿疹。PUVA包括先在光敏性药物水溶液中浸泡双手再接受UVA光线5‐15分钟,而NBUVB则是在UVB光线中暴露1‐2分钟。PUVA是一种传统治疗,已经应用30年之久。该疗法非常耗时。有些医生担心过量使用PUVA可能增加皮肤癌的风险,因此无限重复的治疗通常不会被采纳。本研究邀请手部湿疹使用类固醇乳膏未得到改善的患者,接受PUVA或UVB治疗。研究人员分别在治疗之前、期间和之后对其手部湿疹的严重程度进行了评分。由于难以招募足够的患者,很难说出哪种治疗更好。不过,该研究确实表明,两种治疗都能改善湿疹严重程度。NBUVB治疗存在更多副作用,主要是轻微的皮肤发红。本研究提供了有关的新信息。我们现在知道,NBUVB是一种安全且可行的手部湿疹治疗方法。它确实会改善手部湿疹严重程度。与PUVA相比,它耗费时间更短,但会产生更多副作用。我们利用官方评分系统衡量了患者接受两种治疗后的湿疹改善,这意味着我们现在能够设计更大规模的临床试验,来确定哪种治疗更加有效。
NEGROLOGY.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ENLARGED TONSILS.
Authors: Geo. G. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Stone Mills, N. Y., July 25, 1883. <h3>Editor N. S. Davis—Dear Sir:</h3> I notice inThe Journalan item in regard to the treatment of enlarged tonsils which put me in mind of a case which I had treated some time ago. I was called to see a little girl, about 6 years old, who had both tonsils enormously enlarged, so much so that she could hardly breathe, and was becoming pigeon-breasted. My<i>modus operandi</i>was as follows: I took a stick of caustic potash, rolled it in paper, leaving one end bare, placed the bare end on about the middle of the tonsil, held it there about two seconds, withdrew it, waited about a minute, then had her rinse her mouth with vinegar. Repeated treatment twice per week until they were reduced to normal size, being careful to apply in same place each time. I made in
Purpose and Guidelines for Toxicokinetic Studies within the National Toxicology Program
Authors: J. Robert Buchanan, Leo T. Burka, Ronald L. Melnick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Toxicokinetic studies undertaken within the National Toxicology Program are intended to aid the designi of toxicology and ogenicity studies, help interpret the results of toxicology and carcinogenicity studies with respectmo the rlati p beten toxic effects and exteral exposure, and define the parameters of d-wose, ibution m , an ei tt can be used in human risk asseset.D of s is pres reprsent possible extremes in approachesotoxickineic studies.The comprensiv approa is geared toward the development of physiologicaily based p models that relate external exposure to targt organ dosimetry and addresses the qustions: Is the chemial absorbed?How is the chemical metabolized?Where are the chemical and/or metabolites diibuted in the body?What a-re the elmnton rate uand mute of the What is thee of dose on absoirption, distibution, metabolism,.: d eim on?Temna study dei is more limited in scope tha the com niv i anid adl the issu srption, dii tion, and e ion of the parent chemical.Study protocols for most eicals lie somewhere between these two extreme approaches.An incas understanding of the relationships between eternal xposure, target organ dosim y, and adverseeffcts should provide greater confidence in ma g low-dose exnapolatos of risL ThI paper fiouses on the collection of data from aninetic construion o m ble modelsso characterize targ organ dosimetrl in exposed humans would certai euie* the use of uma pa obtained fiom human tissue samples and volunteers.Ky wordk PBPK elin study di, oxicokinetic.Environ Heal Penpen 105: 468-471i(1997) The purpose of National Toxicology Program (NTP) toxicology/carcinogenicity studies is to identify toxic/carcinogenic effects resulting from exposure to a particular chemical or agent and to characterize dose-response rela- tionships.In support of the toxicology/carcinogenicity studies, toxicokinetic (TK) studies are conducted to characterize the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) ofxenobiotic materials and to quan- tify the influence of exposure on those proper- ties.Toxicokinetic studies are proposed to * help in the design (e.g., dose selection, route of exposure, etc.) of meaningful and useful toxicology studies; * aid in the interpretation of toxicology stud- ies by increasing our understanding of rela- tionships between exposure, time-dependent target organ dosimetry, and adverse effects; and * define the parameters of dose, distribution, metabolism, and elimination that can be used in human risk assessment.Toxicokinetic studies also investigate the effects of sex, species, and age on ADME.Data collected during a toxicokinetic study focus on time profiles of parent chemical and metabolite concentrations in plasma and other tissues and can include rates of chemical absorption, metabolism, and excretion, chemical related changes in blood chemistry, bioavailability, protein binding, and depletion of cofactors.
This Month's Highlights
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

### Fenestral Diaphragms Come and Go Endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries have fenestrae, which are transcellular pores that are highly permeable to water and small, hydrophilic solutes. Unlike most fenestrated endothelial cells, however, these fenestrae are thought to lack diaphragms,
BLOODLESS AMPUTATION AT THE HIP JOINT
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychiatrie.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immune Globulin Determinations in Allergic Children
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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The New Penicillins
Authors: Jerome O. Klein, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Broad-Spectrum PenicillinsAmpicillinAmpicillin (alpha-aminobenzyl penicillin), the first of the semisynthetic penicillins to provide increased activity against gram-negative bacteria, was prepared by Doyle et al.156 It is of interest not only for its own activity but also because it provided reason for optimism about the prospects of preparing other new penicillin-like compounds in the future with even wider spectrums and greater activity for organisms against which the penicillins now available are essentially ineffective. Stewart157 recently summarized some of the laboratory and clinical reports.The in vitro susceptibility of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms to ampicillin has been extensively studied in several . . .
Reply
Authors: Neda Farahi, Chrystalla Loutsios, Nicola Tregay, Adam K.A. Wright, Rachid Berair, Laurence S.C. Lok, Daniel Gillett, Ian Cullum, Rosalind P. Simmonds, Charlotte Summers, Anna Wong, Chandra K. Solanki, John Buscombe, Pee Hwee Pang, Arthikkaa Thavakumar, A. Michael Peters, Christopher E. Brightling, Alison M. Condliffe, Edwin R. Chilvers
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Medical emoticons
Authors: Jeff Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

around 6.5 mmol/l (30 mg/100 ml), the risk of unintentional injury is higher than in the absence of alcohol, although individual experience and complexity of task have to be taken into account.In a simulated driving test, for example, bus drivers with a blood alcohol concentration of 10.9 mmol/l (50 mg/100 ml) thought they could drive through obstacles that were too narrow for their vehicles.At 17.4 mmol/l (80 mg/100 ml)-the current legal limit for driving in the United Kingdom-the risk of a road traffic incident more than doubles, and at 34.7 mmol/l (160 mg/100 ml), it increases more than 10-fold.People become garrulous, elated, and aggressive at concentrations above 21.7 mmol/l (100 mg/100 ml) and then may stop drinking as drowsiness supervenes.After effects ("hangover") include insomnia, nocturia, tiredness, nausea, and headache.If drinking continues, slurred speech and unsteadiness are likely at around 43.4 mmol/l (200 mg/100 ml), and loss of consciousness may result.Concentrations above 86.8mmol/l (400 mg/100 ml) commonly are fatal as a result of ventricular fibrillation, respiratory failure, or inhalation of vomit (this is particularly likely when drugs have been taken in addition to alcohol).
Abstract 5546: Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nicotinic Acid: Suppression of Fractalkine, RANTES, and MCP-1 and Upregulation of Adiponectin in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Janet E Digby, Oliver J Dyar, Eileen McNeill, David R Greaves, Robin P Choudhury
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: The atheroprotective effects of nicotinic acid (NA) may be mediated through well-defined effects on plasma lipoproteins. However, a major site of action for nicotinic acid is adipose tissue, via the G-protein coupled receptor, GPR109A. Since, adipose tissue is an active secretory organ that contributes both positively and negatively to the systemic inflammatory process associated with cardiovascular disease, we hypothesized that: NA would act directly upon adipocytes to alter the expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines, and the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin. Methods and Results: 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes using insulin and dexamethasone (10 −7 M) for 10 days. Adipocytes were incubated with NA (10 −6 M to 10 −3 M) under basal conditions, and/or with TNFα (1.0 ng/ml for 4 hours) to provoke inflammation. Quantitative real-time PCR for mRNA showed increased fractalkine (CX3CL1) (9-fold ± 3.3: P &lt; 0.01), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (24-fold ± 1.2: P &lt; 0.001), and RANTES (CCL5) (500-fold ± 55: P &lt; 0.001) in response to TNFα treatment (n=6). The addition of nicotinic acid (10 −4 M) to TNFα treated adipocytes attenuated expression of CXCL3 (50 ±12%: P &lt; 0.01); MCP-1 (50 ± 6%: P &lt; 0.01) and CCL5 (70 ± 3%: P &lt; 0.01). By contrast, NA, (10 −6 M to 10 −3 M) increased in a dose-dependent manner mRNA of the atheroprotective hormone adiponectin (3- to 5-fold n=6, P &lt;0.01 after 4 hours) and protein expression (2-fold) after 24 hours (n=4, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: NA directly suppresses pro-atherogenic chemokines and promotes secretion of atheroprotective adiponectin by adipocytes. This is the first report of fracktalkine expression by adipose tissue. Since adipose tissue has the potential to contribute to both systemic and local (perivascular) inflammation associated with atherosclerosis our results suggest a new “pleiotropic” role for NA.
ATTITUDES OF PHYSICIANS ENTERING MILITARY SERVICE
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Questions and Answers
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Archives of General Psychiatry, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transmission scenarios for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and how to tell them apart
Authors: S Cauchemez, M D Van Kerkhove, S Riley, C A Donnelly, C Fraser, N M Ferguson
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Detection of human cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection internationally is a global public health concern. Rigorous risk assessment is particularly challenging in a context where surveillance may be subject to under-ascertainment and a selection bias towards more severe cases. We would like to assess whether the virus is capable of causing widespread human epidemics, and whether self-sustaining transmission is already under way. Here we review possible transmission scenarios for MERS-CoV and their implications for risk assessment and control. We discuss how existing data, future investigations and analyses may help in reducing uncertainty and refining the public health risk assessment and present analytical approaches that allow robust assessment of epidemiological characteristics, even from partial and biased surveillance data. Finally, we urge that adequate data be collected on future cases to permit rigorous assessment of the transmission characteristics and severity of MERS-CoV, and the public health threat it may pose. Going beyond minimal case reporting, open international collaboration, under the guidance of the World Health Organization and the International Health Regulations, will impact on how this potential epidemic unfolds and prospects for control.
The Cover
Authors: M. THERESE SOUTHGATE
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Who Reaps the Benefits of Biodiversity?
Authors: Corliss Karasov
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The search for wild plant and animal products of potential value to medicine, agriculture, and other uses has been going on for hundreds, possibly thousands, of years. Many commonly prescribed medicines in the United States include ingredients derived from natural products, and roughly 80% of the world's people rely on natural products for their primary medical needs. Until the past decade, all of these natural products were collected without compensating the source countries. But the rules of collecting changed in 1992 with the establishment of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which offers financial compensation for natural products and seeks to conserve biological diversity, use natural products sustainably, and fairly share products made from gene stocks. Questions remain, however, as to how to share the benefits of biodiversity equitably, as well as whether the lack of both U.S. support for the agreement and enforceability render the convention impotent.