tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Organizing Pneumonia With Intense 68Ga-FAPI Uptake Mimicking Lung Cancer on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT
Authors: Wenxin Tang, Junhao Wu, Songsong Yang, Qixin Wang, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

We report a case of organizing pneumonia, which revealed intense uptake on both 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) PET/CT. Our findings indicate that organizing pneumonia should be taken into consideration when diagnosing a cancer-like pulmonary mass with intense 68Ga-FAPI uptake.
FDG PET/MRI in Synchronous Uterine Adenocarcinoma and Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Shiho Yokoo, Feibi Zeng, Munenobu Nogami, Yoshiko R. Ueno, Takamichi Murakami
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 52-year-old woman with a rapidly growing uterine tumor suspected of uterine sarcoma underwent 18 F-FDG PET/MRI, revealing a myometrial mass and an endometrial lesion, suggesting dual primary neoplasms. Based on the PET/MRI findings, we changed the intraoperative procedure to determine the necessity of pelvic lymphadenectomy. PET/MRI was useful in diagnosing and differentiating between 2 malignant neoplasms in the uterus compared with PET/CT, due to MRI's high contrast resolution and precise fusion due to the simultaneous acquisition.
Letter to the editor: Epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron BA.2 – vigilance needed
Authors: Jing Huang, Guangting Zeng
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

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Indoxyl sulfate in uremia: an old idea with updated concepts
Authors: Anders H. Berg, Sanjeev Kumar, S. Ananth Karumanchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have increased vascular disease. While protein-bound molecules that escape hemodialysis may contribute to uremic toxicity, specific contributing toxins remain ambiguous. In this issue of the JCI, Arinze et al. explore the role of tryptophan metabolites in chronic kidney disease-associated (CKD-associated) peripheral arterial disease. The authors used mouse and zebrafish models to show that circulating indoxyl sulfate (IS) blocked endothelial Wnt signaling, which impaired angiogenesis. Plasma levels of IS and other tryptophan metabolites correlated with adverse peripheral vascular disease events in humans. These findings suggest that lowering IS may benefit individuals with CKD and ESKD.
Abstract P236: Associations Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation And Severity Of Depression As A Cardiovascular Risk Marker From The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014)
Authors: Sam J Neally, Kosuke Tamura, Steven Langerman, Sophie E Claudel, Nicole Farmer, Nithya Vijayakumar, Kaveri Curlin, Marcus Andrews, Joniqua N Ceasar, Yvonne Baumer, Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Depression is a known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) may increase CVD risk through depression, with lower NSES relating to higher depression. Existing studies have included small, geographically-specific samples and have reported mixed or null findings. We examined associations between NSES and depression severity within a demographically diverse, representative US cohort. We hypothesized that living with lower NSES would associate with greater depression severity. Methods: The sample (N=6,308 US adults) was from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. NSES was measured as Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI) tertiles at the 2010 US census tract level (low NSES=high NDI). Depression severity was both continuous (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9; higher score=more severe) and binary (Clinically Relevant Depression, CRD; PHQ-9≥10). Multilevel modeling estimated the relationship between NDI (ref=low) and depression, stratifying by gender. Results: US adults living with high NDI were more likely to be non-white, have lower education, not have partners, have poor diets, have higher BMI, be current smokers, and have higher PHQ-9 (all p&lt;0.0001). Prior to covariate adjustment, living with high vs. low NDI associated with higher PHQ-9 and higher odds of CRD among the overall population independent of gender and among both women and men. The relationships between high NDI and depression lost significance after adjusting for all individual-level factors. Living with medium NDI associated with lower odds of CRD among women after adjustment. Conclusions: The relationship between NSES and depression may be attenuated by individual-level factors among US adults. US women in medium NDI neighborhoods may have lower CRD risk, highlighting a need to examine factors that may promote resilience to adverse environment. Future work should also examine other psychosocial factors that may mediate the NSES-CVD relationship.
Abstract P136: The Association Between Socioeconomic Status And Use Of Potentially Inappropriate Medications In Older Adults
Authors: Jimin Hwang, Beini Lyu, Shoshana Ballew, Josef Coresh, Morgan Grams, Jung-im Shin
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM), defined as medications for which the risk of adverse events outweighs the expected benefits, increases the risk of hospitalization, adverse drug events, and mortality in older adults. As socioeconomic status (SES) influences health care quality, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether PIM use differs by SES in older adults. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that low SES was independently associated with increased use of PIM. Methods: We studied participants (aged 66-90 years) who were on at least one medication at visit 5 (2011-2013) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We created a cumulative SES score, based on neighborhood SES (area deprivation index [ADI]) as well as individual SES (education and income). Because PIM for older adults defined by the 2019 Beers Criteria was extremely common (31% of the population), we focused on the use of two or more PIM. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between SES and PIM use ≥2. Results: Among 4927 participants (mean age of 75.6 (SD 5.1) years, 19.6% Black, and 57.8% female), 6.9% were on two or more PIMs. Overall, compared with individuals with high cumulative SES, those with lower SES had higher odds of PIM use in a dose-dependent manner (odds ratio [OR]: 1.40 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.83] for middle cumulative SES; 1.83 [1.18-2.86] for low cumulative SES, Table ), adjusting for demographics and insurance type. For each SES component, low neighborhood SES (i.e., high ADI) and low education was significantly associated with higher odds of PIM use, but not income. Conclusions: We found that lower SES was associated with greater use of PIM among older adults, suggesting that there exist disparities in quality of care by SES. Focused efforts targeting older adults with low SES to reduce PIM use may be needed to prevent adverse outcomes.
Abstract P110: Examining Health Literacy And Medication Adherence Among African Americans With Hypertension
Authors: Christiana O Oyekanmi, Mary Joan McDuffie, Erin Lynch, Asli McCullers, Yendelela Cuffee
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: It is estimated that almost 40% of American adults have limited health literacy. Adults with limited health literacy report being less knowledgeable about disease management, healthy behaviors, and they are less likely to utilize preventive services. Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by limited health literacy. The objective of this study was to assess health literacy level and medication adherence among African Americans with hypertension receiving health care through Medicaid. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that lower health literacy may be associated with lower hypertensive medication adherence among African Americans. Moreover, we predict that African American men may have lower levels of health literacy and medication adherence in comparison to African American women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study. The participants were African American adults, recipients of Medicaid with hypertension living in Delaware. Data were obtained from Medicaid and secondary data sources. Variables included demographic characteristics, medication adherence, health literacy, and cardiovascular disease health outcomes. Adherence was based on the days of prescription refill controlling for the number of days eligible. Health literacy was obtained from the Health Literacy Data Map from the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. Results: Within our sample, the mean health literacy score for those without hypertension, normotensive was slightly higher than those with hypertension. (Normotensive: 234.9 vs Hypertension: 233.7, p= .0001). Women were more likely to adhere to their medication than men (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75-0.92, p&lt;=.001) Study participants reporting having a basic level of health literacy reported lower medication adherence than those with an intermediate level of health literacy (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.64-0.81, p=&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Within our sample of African Americans with hypertension receiving health care through Medicare, lower health literacy was associated with lower adherence to medication. Our study highlights the necessity of providing literacy assistance and health education to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyle change such as medication adherence.
Safety and immunogenicity of a high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine administered concomitantly with a third dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults aged ≥65 years: a phase 2, randomised, open-label study
Authors: Ruvim Izikson, Daniel Brune, Jean-Sébastien Bolduc, Pierre Bourron, Marion Fournier, Tamala Mallett Moore, Aseem Pandey, Lucia Perez, Nessryne Sater, Anju Shrestha, Sophie Wague, Sandrine I Samson
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2022)
Abstract 10498: The Use of a Digital Telehealth Platform to Understand the Prevalence and Control of Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Risk Factors in the Indian Population - A Pilot Study
Authors: Aditi S Vaishnav, sudhir vaishnav
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Despite the enormous &amp; growing burden of CVD in India, there is still lack of awareness about the importance of guideline based prevention and risk factor control. Objectives: To understand the feasibility &amp; utilization pattern of an open-to-public digital health (mHealth) platform designed to assess CVD risk, risk factors (RF), RF control and adequacy of prevention, and provide appropriate education and guidance based on the assessment. Methods: Data was collected over 2 months through the mHealth platform that was open to all adults aged 25-80 years. It was accessible at no cost via all web browsers on smart phones, computers &amp; tablets with internet connectivity and was available in 2 languages. Utilization of the platform was significantly higher in males - 93.7% (251/268) respondents. Therefore, the study population for this study comprised of 251 males (age 45.4 + 11.7 yrs). Females were not included due to the small sample size; hence the corresponding results will be published once adequate sample size is reached. 10 year CVD Risk was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). RF, RF control and adequacy of prevention were assessed using national &amp; international guidelines, as appropriate. Statin indicated conditions were atherosclerotic disease, diabetes mellitus, familial hyperlipidemia and FRS-CVD risk &gt;=10%. Results: Results are summarized in Fig 1. Overall 186 subjects met the criteria of having statin indicated conditions; however, only 37.6% of them reported taking a Statin. The commonest RFs were hypertension (68.5%) &amp; sedentary lifestyle (57%). Rates of undiagnosed RFs were high -diabetes 45.7%, hypertension 20%, high normal BP 28%, and pre-diabetes 24.9%. RF control was poor with only 23.2% of people with hypertension reporting BP &lt;130/80, 38.9% of diabetics reporting HbA1c &lt;7% and 26.2% of those taking Statins reporting LDL &lt;70 mg/dL. Conclusion: The use of a digital health tool for CVD prevention is feasible and reveals a large unmet need.
Pulmonary Air Embolism in a Patient with COVID-19 with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support
Authors: Julia Tejero-Aranguren, Jordi Riera, María Martínez-Martínez, Eduard Argudo, Elisabet Papiol, Clara Palmada, Luis Chiscano-Camón, Abrahán Mera, Camilo Bonilla, Elisabet Gallart, Pilar Girón, Ricard Ferrer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)
Sunvozertinib, a Selective EGFR Inhibitor for Previously Treated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with <i>EGFR</i> Exon 20 Insertion Mutations
Authors: Mengzhao Wang, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Paul L. Mitchell, Jian Fang, D. Ross Camidge, Weiqi Nian, Chao-Hua Chiu, Jianying Zhou, Yanqiu Zhao, Wu-Chou Su, Tsung-Ying Yang, Viola W. Zhu, Michael Millward, Yun Fan, Wen-Tsung Huang, Ying Cheng, Liyan Jiang, Daniel Brungs, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Chee Khoon Lee, Bo Gao, Yan Xu, Wei-Hsun Hsu, Li Zheng, Pasi A. Jänne
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 insertion mutations (EGFRexon20ins) are detected in approximately 2% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Due to a lack of effective therapy, the prognosis of these patients is typically poor. Sunvozertinib (DZD9008) was designed as an oral, potent, irreversible, and selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, showing activity against EGFRexon20ins and other mutations. In both cell lines and xenograft models, sunvozertinib shows potent antitumor activity. In the two ongoing phase I clinical studies, sunvozertinib was tolerated up to 400 mg once daily. The most common drug-related adverse events included diarrhea and skin rash. Antitumor efficacy was observed at the doses of 100 mg and above in patients with EGFRexon20ins NSCLC across different subtypes, with prior amivantamab treatment as well as with baseline brain metastasis. The median duration of response has not been reached. We report the discovery and early clinical development of sunvozertinib, a potential treatment option for the unmet medical need of EGFRexon20ins NSCLC. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1599.
Current and Future Clinical Applications of ctDNA in Immuno-Oncology
Authors: Julia-Christina Stadler, Yassine Belloum, Benjamin Deitert, Mark Sementsov, Isabel Heidrich, Christoffer Gebhardt, Laura Keller, Klaus Pantel
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Testing peripheral blood for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a minimally invasive opportunity to diagnose, characterize, and monitor the disease in individual cancer patients. ctDNA can reflect the actual tumor burden and specific genomic state of disease and thus might serve as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Recent studies in various cancer entities (e.g., melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, and urothelial cancer) have shown that sequential ctDNA analyses allow for the identification of responders to ICI therapy, with a significant lead time to imaging. ctDNA assessment may also help distinguish pseudoprogression under ICI therapy from real progression. Developing dynamic changes in ctDNA concentrations as a potential surrogate endpoint of clinical efficacy in patients undergoing adjuvant immunotherapy is ongoing. Besides overall ctDNA burden, further ctDNA characterization can help uncover tumor-specific determinants (e.g., tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability) of responses or resistance to immunotherapy. In future studies, standardized ctDNA assessments need to be included in interventional clinical trials across cancer entities to demonstrate the clinical utility of ctDNA as a biomarker for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Abstract P006: Prevalence And Social Determinants Of Modifiable Risk Factors Of Dementia: An Analysis Of The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (nhanes) 2013-2018
Authors: Eric Stulberg, Alexander Zheutlin, Adam de Havenon
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Dementia causes significant morbidity and mortality. 40% of worldwide cases can be delayed or prevented with risk factor modification. The patterning of modifiable risk factors among US adults remain unknown. Methods: We determined the prevalence of total, mid-life, and late-life modifiable risk factors for dementia among US adults &gt; 18 years of age using NHANES from 2013-2018. Mid-life (45-65 years) risk factors included: self-reported hearing loss, hypertension (via self-report or exam), excess alcohol intake (≥14 alcoholic drinks per week), and BMI &gt; 30 mg/kg 2 . Late-life (&gt;65 years) risk factors included: self-reported cigarette smoking, depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10), social isolation, physical inactivity (&lt;150 minutes/week of moderate activity), and diabetes (via self-report or HgBA1C ≥ 6.5) . Having less than a high school degree was included as both a mid- and late-life risk factor. Poisson regressions were used to determine age-adjusted associations between the exposures of race-ethnicity, sex, and poverty-income ratio (PIR, 6-level ordinal variable, higher numbers reflecting more income relative to poverty level) with total number of risk factors, mid-life risks factors among those in midlife, and late-life risks factors among those in late-life. Results: After applying survey weights, the sample consisted of 241,727,544 individuals composed of 48.2% male participants, 9.20% identifying as Mexican-American, 6.35% non-Mexican Hispanic, 11.4% non-Hispanic Black, 5.67% non-Hispanic Asian, 3.74% as ‘other,’ and 63.6% as non-Hispanic white. Mid-life and late-life individuals made up 35.70% and 17.85% of the sample respectively. The median (IQR) number of risk factors overall was 2 (1-3). Among mid-life participants, the median number (IQR) of mid-life risk factors was 1 (0-2). Among late-life participants, the median number (IQR) of late-life risk factors was 1 (1-2). Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor at 42.8%. Mexican-Americans, non-Mexican Hispanic Americans, and non-Hispanic Black Americans had significantly more age-adjusted total risk factors, mid-life risk factors, and late-life risk factors relative to non-Hispanic white Americans. Non-Hispanic Asian Americans had less age-adjusted total and midlife risk factors relative to non-Hispanic white-Americans, but more late-life risk factors. Male sex was associated with a greater prevalence of age-adjusted mid-life risk factors (β =0.18, 95% CI: 0.05 – 0.18), compared to female sex. A 1-level higher PIR was associated with less age-adjusted total, mid-life, and late-life risk factors, with late-life being most pronounced (β = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.21 to -0.17) Conclusion: Dementia risk factors seem to be patterned by social determinants, including race-ethnicity and PIR. Given known disparities in dementia, more focus should be given to mitigating risk factors among at-risk populations.
Biallelic mutations in cancer genomes reveal local mutational determinants
Authors: Jonas Demeulemeester, Stefan C. Dentro, Moritz Gerstung, Peter Van Loo
Journal: Nature Genetics (2022)

Abstract The infinite sites model of molecular evolution posits that every position in the genome is mutated at most once 1 . By restricting the number of possible mutation histories, haplotypes and alleles, it forms a cornerstone of tumor phylogenetic analysis 2 and is often implied when calling, phasing and interpreting variants 3,4 or studying the mutational landscape as a whole 5 . Here we identify 18,295 biallelic mutations, where the same base is mutated independently on both parental copies, in 559 (21%) bulk sequencing samples from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes study. Biallelic mutations reveal ultraviolet light damage hotspots at E26 transformation-specific (ETS) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) binding sites, and hypermutable motifs in POLE -mutant and other cancers. We formulate recommendations for variant calling and provide frameworks to model and detect biallelic mutations. These results highlight the need for accurate models of mutation rates and tumor evolution, as well as their inference from sequencing data.
Fetal-like Hemoglobin in Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Martin H. Steinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Sickle hemoglobin polymerizes when it is deoxygenated, thereby damaging the sickle erythrocyte and initiating vascular occlusion and hemolysis. Preventing the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin should avert the secondary pathophysiological consequences of polymerization-induced vaso-occlusion and hemolytic anemia; it is a preferred approach to disease-modifying treatment1 (
Incidence of Pancreatic Cancer by Age and Sex in the US From 2000 to 2018
Authors: Fergus Keane, Mengmeng Du, Eileen M. O’Reilly
Journal: JAMA (2022)

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