tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15993: Survival Benefit of Mechanical Valve Over Biological Valve for Isolated Mitral Valve Replacement in Young Dialysis Patients: National Database Analysis
Authors: Takuya Ogami, Dimitrios V Avgerinos, Eric Zimmermann, Yuming Ning, Paul Kurlansky, Roger Zhu, Koji Takeda, Isaac George, Hiroo Takayama
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Optimal valve choice for mitral valve replacement (MVR) in dialysis patients remains unclear. Hypothesis: Mechanical valve (MV) provides survival benefit over biological valve (BV) in young dialysis patients who are undergoing MVR. Methods: Using the United States Renal Data System, a total of 2,905 patients were found to have undergone isolated MVR from 2000 through 2015. Median follow up period was 1.27 years (IQR: 0.23-3.33). We stratified patients into 3 groups by age, and adjusted baseline characteristics between patients who received BV and MV using propensity score matching in each age group: Group1, 18 to 49 (n=456); Group2, 50 to 69 (n=1030); and Group3, 70 or older (n=338). Primary endpoint was 10-year mortality. Cox-hazard model was used to compare 10-year mortality between BV and MV in matched cohorts. Results: Overall in-hospital and 10-year mortality rates were 16.8% and 87.1%, respectively. Use of BV increased from 17.8% in 2000 to 47.2% in 2015 (Figure 1). In the propensity matched groups, Cox hazard analysis revealed BV was independently associated with higher risk of mortality in Group1 (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.22-1.86, P&lt;0.001), but not for Group 2 (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.88-1.15, P=0.88) or Group 3 (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.72-1.13, P=0.37) (Figure 2). Conclusions: MV is associated with better long-term survival over BV in well-matched young dialysis patients who are undergoing isolated MVR.
Plaque morphology in coronary arteries and extent of visceral fat mass as assessed by 64-row multidetector computed tomography in patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Kureha F, Yamamuro A, Katayama M, Oda T, Ehara N, Kinoshita M, Tamita K, Kaji S, Tani T, Tanabe K, Morioka S, Kihara Y
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Uptake of Oral Anticoagulation Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Dag S. Thelle
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Morten Fenger-Grøn, MSc, PhD; Claus Høstrup Vestergaard, MSc; Anette Riisgaard Ribe, MD, PhD; Søren Paaske Johnsen, MD, PhD; Lars Frost, MD, PhD, DMSc; Annelli Sandbæk, MD, PhD; Dimitry S. Davydow, MD, MPH
Abstract 12971: Oxidative Stress in Children With Left to Right Shunt Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Takamichi Ishikawa, Hiroki Uchiyama
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Oxidative stress has recently been noted as a factor involved in myocardial remodeling and has been reported to be a predictor of heart failure severity and cardiac death in adults. However, its relevance in the pediatric field is unclear. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the reference range of oxidative stress dynamics and evaluate the role of oxidative stress in children with left to right shunt congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: The subjects consisted of 40 patients (CHD group) with left to right shunt CHD who underwent cardiac catheterization at Hamamatsu University Hospital and 105 healthy children. The oxidative stress markers were measured in blood derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM; adult reference value 250-300 U. CARR). We examined the dynamics of ROM in healthy children and then compared the various parameters, including ROM, in 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (control group). Results: The median age of the CHD group (21 boys and 19 girls) was 9.5 months (interquartile range: 2.8-32.0 months). CHD consisted of 27 cases of ventricular septal defect, 8 cases of atrial septal defect, 4 cases of patent ductus arteriosus, and 1 case of atrioventricular septal defect. In the healthy children, ROM showed a significant positive correlation with age (r = 0.482, p &lt;0.001). The blood ROM of the CHD group (292 ± 84 U.CARR) was significantly higher (p &lt;0.001) than that in the control group (199 ± 82 U.CARR), and the ROM showed a significant positive correlation with the pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio (r = 0.333, p = 0.022), the percentage of left ventricular end diastolic volume (r = 0.503, p &lt;0.001), and the percentage of right ventricular end diastolic volume (r = 0.771, p &lt;0.001). The area under ROC curve of ROM for pulmonary-to-systemic-blood-flow ratio &gt; 1.5 was 0.741 (95% CI: 0.576-0.906, p=0.026), with a cut-off value of 293 U.CARR. Conclusions: ROM, an indicator of oxidative stress, showed a gradual upward trend with age in childhood, and this transition was confirmed to differ from that of NT-proBNP, which decreases to a steady state after marked elevation in the early neonatal period. These findings suggest that ROM is a biological marker reflecting at least the volume load in left to right shunt CHD.
Covid-19 vaccination hesitancy
Authors: Mohammad S Razai, Umar A R Chaudhry, Katja Doerholt, Linda Bauld, Azeem Majeed
Journal: BMJ (2021)

### What you need to know

Rollout of covid-19 vaccination is well underway, with more than 700 million doses given worldwide as of April 2021.1 Vaccination is highly effective at reducing severe illness and death from covid-19. Vaccines for covid-19 are also safe, with extremely low risks of severe adverse events.234 A major threat to the impact of vaccination in preventing disease and death from covid-19 is low uptake of vaccines. In this practice pointer we offer on overview of vaccine hesitancy and some approaches that clinicians and policymakers can adopt at the individual and community levels to help people make informed decisions about covid-19 vaccination.

The World Health Organization defines vaccine hesitancy as a “delay in acceptance or refusal of safe vaccines despite availability of vaccine services.”5 It is caused by complex, context specific factors that vary across time, place, and different vaccines, and is influenced by issues such as complacency, convenience, confidence, and sociodemographic contexts.6 Vaccine hesitancy may also be related to misinformation and conspiracy theories which are often spread online, including through social media.78 In addition, structural factors such as health inequalities, socioeconomic disadvantages, systemic racism, and barriers to access are key drivers of …
Myocardial Tissue Characterization by Combining Extracellular Volume Fraction and T2 Mapping
Authors: Masafumi Kidoh, Seitaro Oda, Takeshi Nakaura, Yasunori Nagayama, Yoshinori Funama, Seiji Takashio, Koichi Kaikita, Kenichi Tsujita, Toshinori Hirai
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2021)
Abstract 007: Rural Southwest County Jail May Not Meet Recommendations For A Heart-healthy Diet During Pregnancy; A Descriptive Study
Authors: Ary Spilkin, Nanette Lopez, Ricky Camplain
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Pregnancy aged women are the fastest growing incarcerated population in the US. These women have little to no autonomy while incarcerated, including their nutritional intake. Inadequate macro and micronutrients during pregnancy can increase a mother’s risk for preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and coronary heart disease. However, it is unknown whether jails in the US provide adequate amounts of macro and micronutrients essential for pregnancy specific heart health while individuals are incarcerated. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that provisions from a rural Southwest county jail’s 7 day cycle menu, a weekly repeating menu of three meals a day, will not meet pregnancy specific heart healthy diet recommendations. Specifically, provisions of the menu will exceed recommendations of sodium, saturated fat, omega 6 fatty acid, and added sugars, and fail to meet recommendations of whole grains. Methods: The 7 day cycle menu was manually inputted into NutritionCalc Plus and ASA24, dietary assessment tools used to measure macro and micronutrient quantities of inputted food items. Average weekly sodium (mg), saturated fat (g), omega 6 (g), added sugar (g), and whole grain (% in comparison to refined grains) provisions were determined by summing total provisions over the 3 meals per day for 7 days and diving by 7. Excess or deficiency of macro and micronutrient provisions in the menu were estimated by determining as the proportions of macro and micronutrient provisions compared to heart healthy recommendations. Results: Average daily provisions of the 7 day menu were 3,847mg sodium, 26g saturated fat, 15g omega 6, and 12g of added sugar. These provisions translate into 167% of sodium (3,847 of 2,300), 200% saturated fat (26 of 13), 125% omega 6 (15 of 12), and 50% added sugar (12 of 24) guidelines of the heart healthy recommendations for pregnancy. Compared to whole grain recommendations of at least half of grain servings per day as whole, the provisions from the menu were 23% (1.75 of 7.70). Conclusions: In conclusion, although added sugar provisions from a rural Southwest county jail’s 7 day cycle menu were appropriate for a pregnancy specific heart healthy diet, provisions of sodium, saturated fat, and omega 6 exceeded guidelines, with a deficiency in whole grains. County jails should consider providing meals that limit sodium, saturated fat, and omega 6 and emphasize whole grains to ensure pregnant women in jail meet heart healthy recommendations to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. This research warrants larger epidemiological studies and cardiovascular health outcomes among pregnant women in jail.
ДУ «Інститут гастроентерології НАМН України», м. Дніпропетровськ
Authors: N.Yu. Oshmyanska, Yu.A. Gaidar, A.P. Galenko
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

Довгостроково існуючий хронічний панкреатит (ХП) на останніх стадіях розвитку призводить до руйнування ендокринної тканини залози, однак механізми цих змін недостатньо вивчені. Метою роботи було вивчення якісних і кількісних особливостей гістоструктури острівцевого апарата підшлункової залози (ПЗ) на різних стадіях розвитку фіброзу у хворих на ХП. На підставі комплексного морфологічного та імуногістохімічного дослідження операційного матеріалу підшлункової залози хворих на хронічний панкреатит установлено, що на пізніх стадіях розвитку фіброзу ПЗ відзначається хронічна гіпоксія паренхіми й компенсаторна реакція на неї у вигляді атрофії та метаплазії. Перебіг хронічного панкреатиту характеризується послідовним розвитком перидуктального, перилобулярного та внутрішньолобулярного фіброзу, що супроводжується атрофією ацинарної тканини. Усе це комплексно впливає на ендокринну тканину. На пізніх стадіях розвитку фіброзу ПЗ зміни острівцевого апарата відбуваються за типом атрофії, що знаходить відображення в зменшенні кількості середніх острівців і зменшенні загальної площі ендокринної тканини, та проліферації, що виражається в збільшенні кількості малих (у більшості своїй новостворених) острівців і тубулоострівцевих комплексів.
Abstract MP39: Factors Associated With Adherence To Evidence-based Recommendations For COVID-19 Prevention Among People With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Esther Adeniran, Manik Ahuja, Manul Awasthi, Karilynn Dowling, Mildred Maisonet, Florence Weierbach, David Stewart, Timir K Paul, Hadii M Mamudu
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued behavioral recommendations to limit the spread of the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). No studies have examined the influence of various factors on adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Among individuals with co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and residing in rural communities, adherence is essential as they are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and increased disease severity. Objective: This study aims to explore factors influencing adherence to evidence-based recommendations for preventing COVID-19 among patients/family caregivers with CVD in rural Central Appalachia. Methods: During March-April 2020, 102 CVD Stakeholders - patients/family caregivers, community leaders, and providers from six states across Appalachia participated in a survey administered through REDCap. This study used a subsample (n=73) that excluded providers. Adherence score was defined as the rate of compliance with health authorities’ guidelines, including handwashing, physical distancing, staying home if sick, wearing a face mask, disinfecting and cleaning daily, and cough and sneezing etiquette. Simple and multiple linear regressions were performed to examine associations between adherence scores and variables of interest. Results: Over half (53.42%) of participants complied with all guidelines. Gender, employment status, hypertension, smoking, no insurance, getting information about COVID-19 from Government/CDC website, and getting information about COVID-19 from worship place/club were significantly associated with adherence to CDC recommendations (p&lt;0.05). Compared to low personal perception of threat (PPT), having no and high PPT were associated with lower and higher adherence scores, respectively (β= -2.32, 1.42; p=0.001). Compared to low perception of COVID-19 threat towards family/friends, having moderate or high perception of COVID-19 threat toward family/friends was associated with improved adherence (β= 1.3, 1.57; p&lt;0.05 for both), whereas having no perception was negatively associated with adherence (β= -2.08, p=0.003). Moderate and high perception of COVID-19 threat toward one's community (β= 2.14, 2.06; p&lt;0.001) were likewise associated with higher adherence. R squared for the model= 0.459. Conclusion: Moderate and high perceptions of COVID-19 threats are associated with higher adherence, whereas no perception was associated with lower adherence with health authority recommendations for COVID-19 prevention. These factors should be considered in order to develop effective adherence interventions for CVD stakeholders in rural communities. Results should be confirmed in a larger study.
Abstract 17395: Women Veterans’ Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Higher Than National Samples and an Opportunity for Innovations
Authors: Bevanne Bean-Mayberry, Catherine Chanfreau, Kimberly Clair, Catherine A Schweizer, Karen Dyer, Julian Brunner, Jessica Moreau, Alexis Huynh, Tannaz Moin, Erin Finley, Alison Hamilton, Melissa Farmer
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: One in three American women die of cardiovascular disease (CVD) annually, and evidence shows that while American women’s understanding of CVD increased the last 2 decades, knowledge gaps remain. Objective: The objective of this analysis was to assess women Veterans’ knowledge in a similar manner to national samples and uncover gaps to target health education or innovations. Methods: Across four VA primary care clinics, we surveyed women Veterans exposed to at least one component of a CV toolkit designed to increase patient engagement and reduce CV risk. Survey included AHA validated measures of leading cause of death, heart attack symptoms, what to do if having a heart attack and risk factors, traumatic life events, depression, provider trust and demographics. Results: Among 140 respondents (average age 61, range 29-88), 65% identified as white, 22% black, 5% Asian, and separately 9% Hispanic. For personal risk, 96% reported at least one CV risk factor, and 60% had 3+ risks. Regarding trauma exposures, 36% reported unwanted or attempted sexual contact and 67% reported experiencing at least one traumatic event (e.g., earthquake/flood, seeing a death/injury, physical or sexual abuse, etc.). More than half (56%) reported depression history. Trust in VA providers was high (mean 9 [SD 1.8], range 1-10). Regarding knowledge, 64% correctly identified heart disease as the leading cause of death, 68% correctly identified all 5 symptoms of a heart attack, (97% knew at least one symptom), and 94% identified correct action to take if someone is experiencing a heart attack (call 911). Conclusions: Nearly all had a CVD risk, over half reported 3+ risks, depression and trauma. Despite multiple conditions and complex histories, women Veterans displayed higher levels of knowledge about CVD causing death and all 5 heart attack symptoms compared to national samples (Mosca 2006; 55% for cause of death; Fang 2019; 50.2% for all symptoms). Responses for calling 911 were similar to national data (Fang 2019; 94.7%).High levels of provider trust and baseline knowledge in women Veterans offer an opportunity to create novel VA interventions that account for women’s trauma/mental health needs combined with traditional CVD risks to change the trajectory of CVD outcomes.
びまん性,長期,石灰化した冠状血管狭窄に対するロタステント(ロタブラター+ステンティング)後の再狭窄に関する糖尿病の臨床上の悪いインパクト
Authors: Misumi K, Shibayama H, Kuramochi T, Kurasaki Y, Iiduka D, Kubo T, Saeki K, Itakura Y, Yoshiwara H
Journal: Circulation (2003)
Abstract 13506: Evidence for Epigenetic Regulation of Chamber-Specific Structure of Cardiac ATP-Sensitive Potassium (KATP) Channels
Authors: Naheed Fatima, James F Schey, Thomas P Flagg
Journal: Circulation (2011)

KATP channels are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system where they act as key sensors of cell metabolism during metabolic stress. All KATP channels share the same architecture-a K+ channel ...
Abstract 14262: Atrial Fibrillation Burden and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Cardiac Implanted Electronic Devices
Authors: Derek S Chew, Zhen Li, Benjamin A Steinberg, Emily C Obrien, Jessica Pritchard, T Jared J Bunch, Daniel B Mark, Melissa Greiner, Jonathan P Piccini
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) burden and the risk of adverse outcomes is incompletely understood. Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study of patients with a clinical history of non-permanent AF who underwent a new implantation of an Abbott cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) between 2010 and 2016, we linked Merlin.net TM remote-monitoring data with Medicare claims to assess the association between device-detected AF burden (daily percentage in AF) and outcomes of all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization, or ischemic stroke over 1-year of follow up via Kaplan-Meier estimates, cumulative incidence function and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results: Among 39,710 AF patients with de novo CIEDs, the median age was 77.1±8.7 years, 60.7% were male, and the mean CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score was 4.9±1.3. Over the 1-year follow up period, there were 3,523 (cumulative incidence of 9%) deaths, 446 (1.1%) ischemic strokes, 15,736 (40%) hospitalizations, and 11,869 (30%) CV-related hospitalizations. Increasing AF burden (per 10 percentage points) was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.08), all-cause hospitalization (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.05), CV hospitalization (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05) and ischemic stroke (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10). There was a similar direction in these outcome associations when AF burden was analyzed as a categorical variable (Figure) or using an alternate definition of AF burden (maximum single-episode AF duration). Conclusions: Among older patients with non-permanent AF, there is an exposure-response relationship between AF burden and adverse outcomes. These data suggest that early intervention and CV risk factor modification aimed at slowing the progression of AF may reduce long term AF-related adverse CV outcomes.
Rationally designed DNA therapeutics can modulate human TH expression by controlling specific GQ formation in its promoter
Authors: Nathan Beals, Mohamed M. Farhath, Prakash Kharel, Brintha Croos, Thulasi Mahendran, John Johnson, Soumitra Basu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2021)

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the catecholamine (CA) biosynthesis pathway, making TH a molecular target for controlling CA production, specifically dopamine. Dysregulation of dopamine is correlated with neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among others. Previously, we showed that a 49-nucleotide guanine (G)-rich sequence within the human TH promoter adopts two different sets of G-quadruplex (GQ) structures (5'GQ and 3'GQ), where the 5'GQ uses G-stretches I, II, IV, and VI in TH49, which enhances TH transcription, while the 3'GQ utilizes G-stretches II, IV, VI, and VII, which represses transcription. Herein, we demonstrated targeted switching of these GQs to their active state using rationally designed DNA GQ Clips (5'GQ and 3'GQ Clips) to modulate endogenous TH gene expression and dopamine production. As a translational approach, we synthesized a targeted nanoparticle delivery system to effectively deliver the 5'GQ Clip in vivo. We believe this strategy could potentially be an improved approach for controlling dopamine production in a multitude of neurological disorders, including PD.
BNT162b2-Elicited Neutralization against New SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants
Authors: Yang Liu, Jianying Liu, Hongjie Xia, Xianwen Zhang, Jing Zou, Camila R Fontes-Garfias, Scott C Weaver, Kena A Swanson, Hui Cai, Ritu Sarkar, Wei Chen, Mark Cutler, David Cooper, Alexander Muik, Ugur Sahin, Kathrin U Jansen, Xuping Xie, Philip R Dormitzer, Pei-Yong Shi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

BNT162b2 Vaccine and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants A total of 20 serum samples from 15 persons who received the BNT162b2 vaccine showed strong neutralization activity against recombinant viruses eng...
121P Impact of HER2 low (H2L) expression on prognosis in luminal locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (BC): A retrospective study
Authors: C. Saavedra Serrano, B. Pérez Mies, M. Gion Cortes, A. Cortes Salgado, M. Fernández Abad, N. Martinez-Jañez, M. Soriano, E.M. Guerra, E. Lopez Miranda
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Single-cell Analysis Technologies for Immuno-oncology Research: from Mechanistic Delineation to Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Zhiliang Bai, Graham Su, Rong Fan
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2021)

Abstract The successes with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy in treating multiple cancer types have established immunotherapy as a powerful curative option for patients with advanced cancers. Unfortunately, many patients do not derive benefit or long-term responses, highlighting a pressing need to perform complete investigation of the underlying mechanisms and the immunotherapy-induced tumor regression or rejection. In recent years, a large number of single-cell technologies have leveraged advances in characterizing immune system, profiling tumor microenvironment, and identifying cellular heterogeneity, which establish the foundations for lifting the veil on the comprehensive crosstalk between cancer and immune system during immunotherapies. In this review, we introduce the applications of the most widely used single-cell technologies in furthering our understanding of immunotherapies in terms of underlying mechanisms and their association with therapeutic outcomes. We also discuss how single-cell analyses help to deliver new insights into biomarker discovery to predict patient response rate, monitor acquired resistance, and support prophylactic strategy development for toxicity management. Finally, we provide an overview of applying cutting-edge single-cell spatial-omics to point out the heterogeneity of tumor–immune interactions at higher level that can ultimately guide to the rational design of next-generation immunotherapies.