tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of load alteration and coronary perfusion pressure on regional end-systolic relations.
Authors: W PMiller, B PFlygenring, S HNellis
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Left ventricular end-systolic pressure-wall thickness and pressure-segment length relations have been used to assess regional myocardial contractility. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether the method of afterload alteration, coronary perfusion pressure, and the definition of end systole affected regional end-systolic relations. In paced open-chest pig hearts (n = 10), left ventricular pressure, wall thickness, and segment length were measured during vena caval occlusions. First, regional end-systolic relations were obtained before and after an increase in afterload with intravenous phenylephrine. This comparison was performed with the coronary circulation intact (closed loop) and with coronary perfusion pressure controlled extracorporeally (open loop). Second, with the open-loop preparation, the independent effect of a range of coronary perfusion pressures (45-155 mm Hg) on end-systolic relations was assessed. In both procedures, end systole was defined by the maximal isochronal slope, te...
Novelty and Convergence in Adaptation to Whole Genome Duplication
Authors: Magdalena Bohutínská, Mark Alston, Patrick Monnahan, Terezie Mandáková, Sian Bray, Pirita Paajanen, Filip Kolář, Levi Yant
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Abstract Whole genome duplication (WGD) can promote adaptation but is disruptive to conserved processes, especially meiosis. Studies in Arabidopsis arenosa revealed a coordinated evolutionary response to WGD involving interacting proteins controlling meiotic crossovers, which are minimized in an autotetraploid (within-species polyploid) to avoid missegregation. Here, we test whether this surprising flexibility of a conserved essential process, meiosis, is recapitulated in an independent WGD system, Cardamine amara, 17 My diverged from A. arenosa. We assess meiotic stability and perform population-based scans for positive selection, contrasting the genomic response to WGD in C. amara with that of A. arenosa. We found in C. amara the strongest selection signals at genes with predicted functions thought important to adaptation to WGD: meiosis, chromosome remodeling, cell cycle, and ion transport. However, genomic responses to WGD in the two species differ: minimal ortholog-level convergence emerged, with none of the meiosis genes found in A. arenosa exhibiting strong signal in C. amara. This is consistent with our observations of lower meiotic stability and occasional clonal spreading in diploid C. amara, suggesting that nascent C. amara autotetraploid lineages were preadapted by their diploid lifestyle to survive while enduring reduced meiotic fidelity. However, in contrast to a lack of ortholog convergence, we see process-level and network convergence in DNA management, chromosome organization, stress signaling, and ion homeostasis processes. This gives the first insight into the salient adaptations required to meet the challenges of a WGD state and shows that autopolyploids can utilize multiple evolutionary trajectories to adapt to WGD.
Partial characterization of the rH1 sodium channel protein from rat heart using subtype-specific antibodies.
Authors: S ACohen, L KLevitt
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Three subtype-specific antisera were generated against peptides corresponding to portions of the amino terminus, interdomain 1-2, and carboxy terminus of the rH1 sodium channel primary sequence to confirm the expression of this protein in the adult rat heart and to determine selected biochemical properties of this protein that might contribute to its subtype-specific characteristics. All three antisera identify a 240-kD band on Western blots of partially purified cardiac membrane proteins and by immunoprecipitation of iodinated partially purified membrane proteins. Unlike other characterized mammalian sodium channels, no beta subunit is detected in association with the rH1 alpha subunit. The rH1 alpha subunit is a complex sialoglycoprotein as evidenced by its interaction with wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose and by reduction in its apparent molecular weight after treatment with neuraminidase; deglycosylation with N-glycanase confirms that the rH1 protein contains significantly less carbohydrate than other ...
6P Clinical and molecular characteristics in non-small cell lung cancer patients with alteration in PIK3 pathway
Authors: Y. Lage, P. Álvarez Ballesteros, M.E. Olmedo García, A. Gómez Rueda, E. Corral de la Fuente, J. Torres Jiménez, E.M. Vida Navas, J.J. Soto Castillo, M. Lario, A. Benito Berlinches, A. Santón, P. Garrido Lopez
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
184P Bone-targeted agents (BTA) improve survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients (pts) with high bone tumor burden (HBTB) treated with PD-(L)-1 inhibitors (ICIs)
Authors: S. Manglaviti, G. Galli, M. Bini, A. Labianca, E. Zecca, M. Brambilla, M. Occhipinti, C. Proto, A. Prelaj, D. Signorelli, A. De Toma, G. Viscardi, T. Beninato, E. Zattarin, M. Ganzinelli, F.G.M. de Braud, M.C. Garassino, G. Lo Russo, R. Ferrara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Effect of hemodilution on the distribution of renal blood flow.
Authors: SMigdal, E AAlexander, F JBruns, A LRiley, N GLevinsky
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

We evaluated the effects of hemodilution, expansion of intravascular volume, and expansion of interstitial volume on the distribution of cortical renal blood flow, utilizing the microsphere technique. Hemodilution without volume expansion (saline exchange) produced an increase in fractional blood flow in zone 1 (outermost zone) of the cortex from 34 plus or minus 1% to 43 plus or minus 2% and a decrease in fractional blood flow in zone 4 (innermost zone) from 16 plus or minus 2% to 13 plus or minus 2%. Hemodilution without volume expansion or a decrease in plasma protein concentration (isoncotic exchange) produced a similar redistribution in blood flow in zone 1 from 34 plus or minus 2% to 41 plus or minus 2% and in zone 4 from 14 plus or minus 2% to 10 plus or minus 1%. Hemodilution with intravascular volume expansion (hyperoncotic albumin infusion) also produced a superficial shift; blood flow in zone 1 increased from 27 plus or minus 1% to 30 plus or minus 1% and that in zone 4 decreased from 19 plus o...
Eus-Guided Gastrojejunostomy as a Rescue Therapy in a Patient With Multiple Previous Procedures
Authors: E Perez-Cuadrado Robles, G Perrod, H Benosman, E Ragot, C Gallois, C Cellier, G Rahmi
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A 57-years-old female presenting with a pancreatic cancer presented with gastric outlet obstruction. She has a previous duodenal stent and hepaticogastrostomy. A surgical jejunostomy was also carried out, but the improvement was moderate. The proximal jejunal loops were fixed and the long duodenal stent covered almost all the angle of Treitz. A double contrast injection was performed through a jejunal canula and the surgical jejunostomy. A direct endoscopic ultrasound guided gastrojejunostomy technique by using a 20mm lumen-apposing metal stent (HotAxios) was performed without complications. The patient tolerated an oral solid intake. An abdominal CT confirmed the permeability of the gastrojejunostomy.
A Complementary Strategy to Mitigate Radiation-Induced Cognitive Decline
Authors: Navyateja Korimerla, Daniel R. Wahl
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Cranial radiation activates an upstream complement cascade component, C1q, leading to brain injury. Microglia-specific deletion of C1q prevents astrocyte and microglial activation, synaptic loss, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment. Therapeutically inhibiting complement activation may help mitigate radiation-induced cognitive decline. See related article by Markarian et al., p. 1732
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination
Authors: Andreas Greinacher, Thomas Thiele, Theodore E. Warkentin, Karin Weisser, Paul A. Kyrle, Sabine Eichinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Several cases of unusual thrombotic events and thrombocytopenia have developed after vaccination with the recombinant adenoviral vector encoding the spike protein antigen of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (ChAdOx1 nCov-19, AstraZeneca). More data were needed on the pathogenesis of this unusual clotting disorder.We assessed the clinical and laboratory features of 11 patients in Germany and Austria in whom thrombosis or thrombocytopenia had developed after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov-19. We used a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect platelet factor 4 (PF4)-heparin antibodies and a modified (PF4-enhanced) platelet-activation test to detect platelet-activating antibodies under various reaction conditions. Included in this testing were samples from patients who had blood samples referred for investigation of vaccine-associated thrombotic events, with 28 testing positive on a screening PF4-heparin immunoassay.Of the 11 original patients, 9 were women, with a median age of 36 years (range, 22 to 49). Beginning 5 to 16 days after vaccination, the patients presented with one or more thrombotic events, with the exception of 1 patient, who presented with fatal intracranial hemorrhage. Of the patients with one or more thrombotic events, 9 had cerebral venous thrombosis, 3 had splanchnic-vein thrombosis, 3 had pulmonary embolism, and 4 had other thromboses; of these patients, 6 died. Five patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation. None of the patients had received heparin before symptom onset. All 28 patients who tested positive for antibodies against PF4-heparin tested positive on the platelet-activation assay in the presence of PF4 independent of heparin. Platelet activation was inhibited by high levels of heparin, Fc receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody, and immune globulin (10 mg per milliliter). Additional studies with PF4 or PF4-heparin affinity purified antibodies in 2 patients confirmed PF4-dependent platelet activation.Vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov-19 can result in the rare development of immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia mediated by platelet-activating antibodies against PF4, which clinically mimics autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. (Funded by the German Research Foundation.).
18F-FDG PET/CT in Uterine Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
Authors: Yuhua Yang, Lisha Liu, Juyi Lin, Shengcai Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract A 46-year-old woman presented with menorrhagia, abdominal distension, and neck mass for 3 months. Ultrasonography detected a large intra-abdominal mass and enlarged neck lymph nodes. Further 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan revealed lesions with intense 18 F-FDG avidity in abdominal cavity and neck. The patient underwent a biopsy of the uterine, and the diagnosis of uterine follicular dendritic cell sarcoma was finally achieved. After 6 cycles of CHOP-like chemotherapy, 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed complete metabolic and morphologic resolution for follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.
Skeletal muscle metabolism in patients with congestive heart failure: relation to clinical severity and blood flow.
Authors: BMassie, MConway, RYonge, SFrostick, JLedingham, PSleight, GRadda, BRajagopalan
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We and others have previously demonstrated excessive phosphocreatine (PCr) depletion and acidosis in skeletal muscle during exercise in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). In the present study, we performed serial measurements of PCr and pH during gradually incremental flexor digitorum superficialis exercise in 22 patients with CHF and 11 age-matched controls to determine: (1) whether abnormalities were present at the same relative workloads (a comparison that would at least partially compensate for differences in muscle mass), (2) the temporable course of the metabolic changes, (3) the relationship of the metabolic findings to clinical variables, and (4) the relationship of the metabolic abnormalities to forearm blood flow. The patients with CHF had significantly lower [PCr] and pH at all submaximal levels of exercise, and these abnormalities were apparent from the onset of low-level exercise. There was considerable heterogeneity among the patients with CHF with respect to the metabolic finding...
Effect of digitalis in patients with paroxysmal atrioventricular nodal tachycardia.
Authors: H JWellens, D RDüren, D LLiem, K ILie
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Atrioventricular (A-V) conduction, ventriculo-atrial conduction and mechanism of tachycardia were studied by programmed electrical stimulation before and after the administration of ouabain in 15 patients suffering from paroxysmal supraventricular re-entrant tachycardia. In 13 patients the tachycardia circuit was confined to the A-V node. In two patients the stimulation study showed that an accessory pathway was used in a ventriculo-atrial direction during tachycardia. Ouabain lengthened the effective and functional refractory period of the A-V node and A-V nodal transmission time in all patients in whom this could be studied. Only six patients showed lengthening in ventriculo-atrial conduction time or refractory period of the ventriculo-atrial conduction system. In seven patients no tachycardia could be initiated after ouabain. The width of the zone of atrial premature beats able to initiate tachycardia (the tachycardia zone) narrowed in five patients, showed no change in two patients, and increased in o...
Disparate effects of the calcium-channel blockers, nifedipine and verapamil, on alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and thromboxane A2-induced aggregation of human platelets.
Authors: G JJohnson, L ALeis, G SFrancis
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Calcium-channel blockers inhibit human platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo. To further evaluate the mechanism(s) responsible for the inhibition induced by this structurally heterogeneous group of compounds, we studied the effect of nifedipine and verapamil on human platelet aggregation in vitro. Neither 10 microM nifedipine nor 10 microM verapamil consistently inhibited the aggregation response of platelet-rich plasma to threshold concentrations of ADP, sodium arachidonate, epinephrine, or collagen. However, both 10 microM nifedipine and 10 microM verapamil epinephrine-potentiated, thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-induced aggregation of aspirin-incubated, gel-filtered platelets. Aggregation of similarly prepared platelets induced by TXA2 alone was abolished by 10 microM nifedipine but not by 10 microM verapamil. Even 100 microM verapamil gave only partial and inconsistent inhibition of aggregation. Both drugs had essentially the same effects on platelet aggregation induced by the stable endoperoxide and TXA2 m...
Forskolin potentiates the coronary vasoactivity of adenosine in the open-chest dog.
Authors: SKusachi, W JBugni, R AOlsson
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Forskolin, a plant diterpene, directly stimulates adenylate cyclase and also potentiates receptor-mediated stimulation of this enzyme by many stimulatory--but not inhibitory--agonists. We exploited the potentiating effect of forskolin to test the hypothesis that adenosine initiates coronary relaxation through activation of adenylate cyclase. In six open-chest dogs, intracoronary forskolin infusions which produced plasma concentrations between 0.15 and 0.48 microM barely changed coronary flow and had no effect on cardiac performance or oxygen metabolism, and did not cause hypotension. Under these conditions, the EC50 of adenosine, 0.66 microM (range 1.3-2.4), P less than 0.05. In five of the six dogs, higher doses of forskolin, 0.6-6.3 microM, produced the previously described positive inotropic, chronotropic, and systemic hypotensive effects of this drug. These larger doses of the drug increased coronary flow and MVO2 but decreased oxygen extraction, reflecting a combination of direct and metabolic vasodi...
How does angioplasty work? Serial analysis of human iliac arteries using intravascular ultrasound.
Authors: D WLosordo, KRosenfield, APieczek, KBaker, MHarding, J MIsner
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies regarding the mechanism by which balloon angioplasty increases luminal patency have generally used animal models or postmortem specimens from occasional fatal cases of angioplasty performed in human patients. In either case, conclusions regarding participatory mechanisms have relied exclusively on nonserial, postangioplasty histopathological examination.METHODS AND RESULTSIn the present study, intravascular ultrasound examination was performed before and after balloon angioplasty in 40 consecutive patients with iliac artery stenoses. The areas of the arterial wall, plaque, lumen, and areas resulting from angioplasty-induced plaque fractures were measured immediately after angioplasty in vivo and compared with findings recorded immediately before angioplasty. Angioplasty increased luminal cross-sectional area (CSA) from 11.5 +/- 0.6 mm2 before angioplasty to 25.4 +/- 1.2 mm2 after angioplasty (p = 0.0001). CSA of the portion of the postangioplasty neolumen contained within angiop...
Bundle branch reentry: a possible mechanism of ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: PTouboul, GKirkorian, GAtallah, PMoleur
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Electrophysiologic studies were performed in three patients suffering from attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia with wide QRS complexes. Two patients had atrioventricular dissociation. The arrhythmia could be initiated and terminated by premature ventricular stimulation in all three patients. One patient developed the arrhythmia after rapid atrial stimulation. In each subject, the QRS complexes during tachycardia were identical to recorded supraventricular beats (left bundle branch block pattern in two cases and right bundle branch block pattern in one). A His bundle potential was noted before the QRS complex; the HV interval was equal to or longer than that of the sinus beats. The following observations suggested the presence of a bundle branch reentry mechanism: (1) the relationship between bundle branch block development and tachycardia initiation; (2) the occurrence of tachycardia after electrically induced His-Purkinje reentry; (3) the ability of premature ventricular stimulation during tachycardia to a...
Prolongation of repolarization time by electric field stimulation with monophasic and biphasic shocks in open-chest dogs.
Authors: X HZhou, S BKnisley, P DWolf, D LRollins, W MSmith, R EIdeker
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Recent studies suggest that 1) electrically induced fibrillation and defibrillation involve prolongation of refractoriness by the shock in addition to stimulation and 2) biphasic waveforms are more efficient for defibrillation than are comparable monophasic waveforms. The purpose of this study was to compare prolongation of action potential duration at 50% repolarization by monophasic and biphasic shocks during paced rhythm. A floating glass microelectrode was used to record intracellularly from the anterior right ventricular epicardium in seven open-chest dogs. After 10 S1 beats paced at an interval of 350 msec, 5-msec and 2.5-msec monophasic shocks and biphasic shocks, with each phase of 2.5 msec, were given via mesh electrodes on either side of the microelectrode. The shock strength was adjusted so that the shock field, measured from eight extracellular electrodes encircling the microelectrode, was about 5 V/cm. Monophasic and biphasic S2 shocks were given starting with an S1-S2 interval of 120 msec, w...
Mechanisms mediating the coronary vascular response to behavioral stress in the dog.
Authors: G EBillman, D CRandall
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Left circumflex coronary blood flow (CBF) was measured in eight mongrel dogs with 8 MHz continuous wave Doppler flow transducers during classical aversive conditioning. The cardiovascular condition response consisted of significant (P less than 0.01) increases in: (1) mean aortic pressure (16.1%), (2) d(left ventricular pressure)/dt (64.2%), and (3) heart rate (63.2%). The coronary vascular response to behavioral stress consisted of an initial late diastolic decrease in CBF (12.5%) between 5 and 10 seconds after conditional stimulus onset, followed by a significant increase in CBF (96.8%). Concurrently, late diastolic coronary vascular resistance (CVR) first significantly increased (21.9%), then significantly decreased (39.8%). The increase in CVR was attenuated by cardiac pacing and converted into a significant decrease after alpha-receptor blockade. The decrease in CVR was reduced either by cardiac pacing or cardioselective beta-receptor blockage and eliminated by the combination of alpha- and beta-rece...
Timing of Admission and Endoscopic Drainage in Patients With Acute Cholangitis: Weekday Versus Weekend
Authors: C Burciu, I Sporea, I Ratiu, T Moga, F Bende, Ghiuchici AM, R Mare, B Miutescu
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Acute cholangitis is a complication secondary to biliary obstruction and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the first-line procedure that can ensure biliary drainage. We aimed to determine the association between timing of hospital admission, ERCP (procedure day), length of hospital stay (LOHS) and mortality in patients diagnosed with acute cholangitis.
Thromboxane synthesis by sources other than platelets in association with complement-induced pulmonary leukostasis and pulmonary hypertension in sheep.
Authors: J WMcDonald, MAli, EMorgan, E RTownsend, J DCooper
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Infusion into sheep of plasma containing zymosan-activated complement produces leukopenia, pulmonary leukostasis, and pulmonary artery hypertension. We previously demonstrated a close relationship between the pulmonary vascular response and elevations of plasma thromboxane. We have investigated the source of thromboxane synthesis in this model. Plasma containing zymosan-activated complement added to whole blood did not stimulate thromboxane synthesis. This observation suggested that leukocytes do not synthesize thromboxane directly in response to complement added to whole blood did not stimulate thromboxane synthesis. This observation suggested that leukocytes do not synthesize thromboxane directly in response to complement. Sheep rendered severely thrombocytopenic by the administration of antiplatelet serum responded to complement infusion in the usual way. Pretreatment with aspirin (10 mg/kg) protected sheep against the pulmonary vascular response and completely blocked thromboxane synthesis. Transfusio...
Trends in use of coronary angiography in subacute phase of myocardial infarction.
Authors: PNicod, E AGilpin, HDittrich, HHenning, AMaisel, A RBlacky, S CSmith, FRicou, JRoss
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDMost patients do not undergo acute reperfusion after myocardial infarction, and which of these patients should undergo coronary angiography is still debated.METHODS AND RESULTSWe analyzed the 1-year clinical outcomes and rates of coronary angiography performed as late as 60 days after myocardial infarction in 3,804 patients admitted between 1979 and 1988 and followed in six different centers. Patients less than 75 years old were classified into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups using a multivariate analysis of historical and clinical variables gathered during the first 8 hospital days. Patients who underwent early reperfusion (17%, all after 1984) were analyzed separately. To analyze time trends, patients were compared before and after mid-1984. Mortalities from day 9 through 1 year were similar for the two time periods in the low- (3.3% versus 2.5%) and medium-risk (7.4% versus 5.6%) groups, but mortality was lower for the high-risk group after 1984 (31.6% versus 20.0%). The proportion of pat...