tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The metabolism of salicylazosulphapyridine in ulcerative colitis: II The relationship between metabolites and the progress of the disease studied in outpatients
Journal: Gut (1973)

Serum concentrations of salicylazosulphapyridine (SASP), sulphapyridine (SP), and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) were measured in 64 outpatients with ulcerative colitis. About 90% of the patients in remission had serum total SP concentrations above 20 mug/ml. Seven patients, however, had active disease despite a serum total SP concentration > 20 mug/ml. The SASP and the individual SP metabolites did not show any correlation with the disease state. Three g per day seems to be the most effective dose. Plain and enteric-coated tablets produced similar concentrations at equivalent dosage. Side effects due to SASP were frequent in patients who had a total SP concentration > 50 mug/ml of serum.
A familial pattern of thyroglossal duct cysts
Authors: J. S. Millikan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

CONGENITAL lesions make up about 6% of all masses found within the neck.<sup>1</sup>Approximately two thirds of these congenital abnormalities involve the thyroglossal duct in the form of cysts or sinuses. Despite the frequent occurrence of thyroglossal duct malformations, a familial pattern, to our knowledge, has not been described. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A healthy 1-year-old girl was admitted to the Denver General Hospital with a painless, midline cervical mass over the hyoid bone. There was no history of airway or feeding problems and no symptoms of any endocrine disorder. The family history was remarkable for hypothyroidism, thyroid carcinoma, and thyroglossal duct defects (Figure). Physical examination disclosed a 1×1-cm, nontender cervical mass located in the midline at the level of the hyoid bone. No cutaneous fistulous tract was noted. These findings were suggestive of a thyroglossal duct cyst. Surgical excision, using the Sistrunk technique,<sup>2</sup>demonstrated a squamous cell-lined
PROPERTIES OF THE TYPE SPECIFIC PROTEINS OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERA
Authors: Kenneth Goodner, Frank L. Horsfall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

The generally held view has been that in any immune serum only a single antibody would be induced by and react with a single antigen. Were this true the various manifestations of antibody activity should show a quantitative parallelism. It has already been shown (1), however, that with antipneumococcus horse serum the mouse protective potency does not parallel the maximum amount of specifically precipitable protein except within certain well defined groups of antisera. The simplest explanation of this situation is that different horses form antibodies differing in specific protective capacity, but from our studies it seems probable that in any immune serum there may occur a mixture of antibodies which, while directed against the same antigen, possess different protective capacities, different avidities, etc. It would now appear that this latter hypothesis is the more tenable since the experiments here reported indicate the existence of antibodies of various protective potencies in horse antisera. It would not be unreasonable to hold that the antibodies of a single serum represent a series of substances with varying properties. On the basis of the present immunological fractionation experiments, the following deductions seem permissible. 1. Antipneumococcus horse sera must contain at least three, possibly many, antibody substances which react with the capsular polysaccharide. These are: (a) A substance which precipitates upon the addition of a relatively small amount of polysaccharide. This antibody possesses a low protective potency. (b) A substance which is precipitated with intermediate amounts of polysaccharide and which possesses an extremely high protective value. (c) A third substance which is precipitated only with the addition of relatively large amounts of polysaccharide. The protective value of this antibody is very low It may represent a degraded form. 2. With antipneumococcus rabbit serum the situation is somewhat simpler. This is in accord with the fact that with Type I antipneumococcus sera from this species there is a direct proportionality between the amount of specifically precipitable protein and the protective potency of the serum (1). The results with antipneumococcus rabbit serum indicate the existence of at least two antibody substances: (a) An antibody with high protective value which makes up the greater proportion of the total content. (b) A second substance which is precipitated only upon the addition of relatively large amounts of capsular polysaccharide. The existence of this second antibody is not clearly demonstrated by the present findings but the lower protective ratios obtained as greater amounts of antibody are removed probably indicate its existence. This may also represent degraded material. The observations on the antibodies of both horse and rabbit antisera will be supported by experiments with immunochemical fractionation which will be reported in a subsequent paper.
Transitional changes in the structure of C-reactive protein create highly pro-inflammatory molecules: Therapeutic implications for cardiovascular diseases
Authors: J. Zeller, B. Bogner, J.D. McFadyen, J. Kiefer, D. Braig, G. Pietersz, G. Krippner, T.L. Nero, C.J. Morton, K.S. Cheung Tung Shing, M.W. Parker, K. Peter, S.U. Eisenhardt
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2022)
Othello: projection in art
Authors: L. J. Saul
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Freud said that artistic accomplishment remained a riddle to him, although it seemed clear that the artist, by transforming his conscious and unconscious fantasies into art, wins the success in the real world that he always longed for.<sup>1</sup>Since Freud's time, much has been learned about images, conscience, and projection. Artistic creations (at least one large category of them) are projections of images from within the artist, images which generally represent powerful feelings and which therefore awaken emotional responses in the public. The following is a brief note designed to demonstrate a possible way in which projection may operate in the creation of literary characters and in other arts as well. The dynamic psychiatrist who sees Shakespeare's<i>Othello</i>and reads this gripping drama realizes that it can be viewed as a study in paranoid jealousy. But his views may not agree with those of some scholars who, although far
Sexual activity as a risk factor for hepatitis C
Authors: Norah A. Terrault
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The accumulated evidence indicates that hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be transmitted by sexual contact but much less efficiently than other sexually transmitted viruses, including hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, because sex is such a common behavior and the reservoir of HCV-infected individuals is sizable, sexual transmission of HCV likely contributes to the total burden of infection in the United States. Risk of HCV transmission by sexual contact differs by the type of sexual relationship. Persons in long-term monogamous partnerships are at lower risk of HCV acquisition (0% to 0.6% per year) than persons with multiple partners or those at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (0.4% to 1.8% per year). This difference may reflect differences in sexual risk behaviors or differences in rates of exposure to nonsexual sources of HCV, such as injection drug use or shared razors and toothbrushes. In seroprevalence studies in monogamous, heterosexual partners of HCV-infected, HIV-negative persons, the frequency of antibody-positive and genotype-concordant couples is 2.8% to 11% in Southeast Asia, 0% to 6.3% in Northern Europe, and 2.7% in the United States. Among individuals at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), the median seroprevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) is 4% (range, 1.6% to 25.5%). HIV coinfection appears to increase the rate of HCV transmission by sexual contact. Current recommendations about sexual practices are different for persons with chronic HCV infection who are in steady monogamous partnerships versus those with multiple partners or who are in short-term sexual relationships. (Hepatology 2002;36:S99-S105).
Prediction of good neurological outcome in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: a systematic review
Authors: Claudio Sandroni, Sonia D’Arrigo, Sofia Cacciola, Cornelia W. E. Hoedemaekers, Erik Westhall, Marlijn J. A. Kamps, Fabio S. Taccone, Daniele Poole, Frederick J. A. Meijer, Massimo Antonelli, Karen G. Hirsch, Jasmeet Soar, Jerry P. Nolan, Tobias Cronberg
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2022)

To assess the ability of clinical examination, blood biomarkers, electrophysiology or neuroimaging assessed within 7 days from return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) to predict good neurological outcome, defined as no, mild, or moderate disability (CPC 1–2 or mRS 0–3) at discharge from intensive care unit or later, in comatose adult survivors from cardiac arrest (CA). PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched. Sensitivity and specificity for good outcome were calculated for each predictor. The risk of bias was assessed using the QUIPS tool. A total of 37 studies were included. Due to heterogeneities in recording times, predictor thresholds, and definition of some predictors, meta-analysis was not performed. A withdrawal or localisation motor response to pain immediately or at 72–96 h after ROSC, normal blood values of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) at 24 h-72 h after ROSC, a short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) N20 wave amplitude > 4 µV or a continuous background without discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG) within 72 h from ROSC, and absent diffusion restriction in the cortex or deep grey matter on MRI on days 2–7 after ROSC predicted good neurological outcome with more than 80% specificity and a sensitivity above 40% in most studies. Most studies had moderate or high risk of bias. In comatose cardiac arrest survivors, clinical, biomarker, electrophysiology, and imaging studies identified patients destined to a good neurological outcome with high specificity within the first week after cardiac arrest (CA).
Towards accurate and reliable resolution of structural variants for clinical diagnosis
Authors: Zhichao Liu, Ruth Roberts, Timothy R. Mercer, Joshua Xu, Fritz J. Sedlazeck, Weida Tong
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Structural variants (SVs) are a major source of human genetic diversity and have been associated with different diseases and phenotypes. The detection of SVs is difficult, and a diverse range of detection methods and data analysis protocols has been developed. This difficulty and diversity make the detection of SVs for clinical applications challenging and requires a framework to ensure accuracy and reproducibility. Here, we discuss current developments in the diagnosis of SVs and propose a roadmap for the accurate and reproducible detection of SVs that includes case studies provided from the FDA-led SEquencing Quality Control Phase II (SEQC-II) and other consortium efforts.
Basic Principles of Healthful Housing
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pathobiology Annual
Authors: Renato Baserga
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Despite the proliferation of annual reviews this<i>Pathobiology Annual</i>, edited by a Professor Adjunct of Pathology at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, still serves a useful function. The editor, Dr. Ioachim, has brought together a group of distinguished authors who have looked at some of the most interesting topics in pathology and cell biology of the past few years. The various chapters, by different authors, vary in quality of writing and expression, but all of the chapters are of high quality from a scientific point of view. However, as often happens in similar situations, some authors are more mindful than others of the need to explain to the uninitiated the background of a topic. Immunology and cancer are the categories in which the majority of the topics fall. The level of sophistication varies from a traditional investigation, such as Capen and Roth's "Ultrastructural and Functional Relationships
Modeling genetic diseases in nonhuman primates through embryonic and germline modification: Considerations and challenges
Authors: Jenna K. Schmidt, Kathryn M. Jones, Trevor Van Vleck, Marina E. Emborg
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Genetic modification of the embryo or germ line of nonhuman primates is envisioned as a method to develop improved models of human disease, yet the promise of such animal models remains unfulfilled. Here, we discuss current methods and their limitations for producing nonhuman primate genetic models that faithfully genocopy and phenocopy human disease. We reflect on how to ethically maximize the translational relevance of such models in the search for new therapeutic strategies to treat human disease.
Benelux multicentre trial of alpha interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C: standard v high dose treatment monitored by biochemical and virological markers (interim analysis). Benelux Multicentre Trial Study Group.
Journal: Gut (1993)

Abstract In an interim analysis of the Benelux trial, no difference in alanine aminotransferase normalisation has been found between the high (6 million units) and standard (3 million units) doses of interferon alfa-2b during the first eight weeks of treatment. The probability of achieving normal alanine aminotransferase activity on at least two successive occasions during treatment is 65% for the standard dose and 73% for the higher dose. Measurement of plasma hepatitis C virus-RNA suggests that hepatitis C virus-RNA negativity after four weeks of treatment is a prerequisite for sustained response to interferon alfa-2b.
Ophthalmology
Authors: P. S. Binder
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Previous annual ophthalmology reviews have elegantly described new advances in our field. In this review I have chosen to depart from previous reviews by describing where we are in 1991 and the horizons that we hope will be conquered in the near future. Glaucoma is a disease that affects nearly 2% of individuals over 40 years of age. In most cases, it is associated with higher than normal intraocular pressure (normal range, 10 to 22 mm Hg). Current evidence suggests that glaucoma affects the normal physiological function of the nerve fibers within the nerve. We have improved the detection of glaucoma through education programs to stimulate routine intraocular pressure measurement and through computerized visual field detection of early visual field defects. New β-blockers have been released for better pressure control. New forms of drug delivery, such as the development of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors to replace systemic medications and their
INTRANASAL DACRYOCYSTOSTOMY
Authors: H. L. Whale
Journal: BMJ (1920)

INTRANASAL DACRYOCYSTOSTOMY.70T=1 BOt and opened his eyes, wlhich were turned to the ceiling.Pro- longed suffering illness, sepsis, and repeated haemorrhages must lhave rendered the case particularly vulnierable.andl it is doubtful under the circumstances if thie cerebrulm cotu]el ldave withstood a less protracted arrest of its circulationi.As there had been a good deal of muscular tremor prior to the operation, an investigation was made after death as to the presence of tetanus, but this was excluded.The operation had niot )been begun at the time of the catastrophe. CASE III.An elderly woman in a state of collapse was undergoinlg operation for strangulated femoral hernia wlhenl tihe heart stopped beating.Cardiac massagre was at onice performiied anid sponitaneous contractions recurred.As the al)blomeni was being closed the heart again stoppedhbeating, anid a seconid attemlpt with cardiac massage tlhein failedl.Although the patienit was a poor subject, this experience seems to inidicate that nmassage should be carried on until cointractionis are established at maxinal strenigtlh, the task not being considered comilplete merely upoIn their reappearanlce. CASE IV.TIn this case general adhesions were found in the upper abdomen, and it was nlot possible to insert tthe hand below the (liaplragm or below the liver.Pressure below the stomuach immediately forced gastric contetnts out of the mlouth.Metlhods, 2, 3, or 4 were indicated but not tried.CASE V.On Febrq4ry 7th, 1918, a case of perforated gastric ulcer in a mnan aged 38 years came under my care.The operation was
Synthesis of selective PAK4 inhibitors for lung metastasis of lung cancer and melanoma cells
Authors: Peilu Song, Fan Zhao, Dahong Li, Jiqiang Qu, Miao Yao, Yuan Su, Hanxun Wang, Miaomiao Zhou, Yujie Wang, Yinli Gao, Feng Li, Dongmei Zhao, Fengjiao Zhang, Yu Rao, Mingyu Xia, Haitao Li, Jian Wang, Maosheng Cheng
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

The p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is serine/threonine protein kinase that is critical for cancer progression. Guided by X-ray crystallography and structure-based optimization, we report a novel subseries of C-3-substituted 6-ethynyl-1H-indole derivatives that display high potential and specificity towards group II PAKs. Among these inhibitors, compound 55 exhibited excellent inhibitory activity and kinase selectivity, displayed superior anti-migratory and anti-invasive properties against the lung cancer cell line A549 and the melanoma cell line B16. Compound 55 exhibited potent in vivo antitumor metastatic efficacy, with over 80% and 90% inhibition of lung metastasis in A549 or B16-BL6 lung metastasis models, respectively. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that compound 55 mitigated TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Pharmacological control of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Journal: BMJ (1971)

acute myelogenous leukaemia were treated with irradiation or alkylating agents.Melphalan was used in nearly all patients.The cause of the increased incidence is therefore uncertain.It seems unlikely that the development of this disease represents a natural evolution from myelomatosis, as in the case of the myeloproliferative diseases, since different cell lines are involved.Patients with myelomatosis usually have a severely reduced capacity to synthesize antibodies, and their capacity to make an immunity response may well be impaired, this defect leading to an increased incidence of malignant disease.The effect may be compounded by treatment with cytotoxic drugs and x rays.The use of irradiation is known to be attended by an increased incidence of this form of acute leukaemia, and the prolonged use of cytotoxic immunosuppressive drugs in renal homotransplantation is accompanied by an increased risk of malignant disease, particularly of the lymphoreticular system.The possibility remains that the increased incidence of acute myelogenous leukaemia is largely due to the prolonged use of the alkylating agent melphalan, though it is likely that immunosuppression, irradiation, and cytotoxic drugs all play their part in the process.This complication is serious enough to be considered before treatment with a cytotoxic drug is instituted for non-malignant conditions.
The Collective Investigation of Diphtheria. (as conducted by the Therapeutic Gazette.)
Authors: None E. W. A.
Journal: JAMA (1883)

If it could be made in any way apparent that the<i>majority</i>of opinion at any one time upon a scientific question necessarily, or even probably, is correct, the book before us would have the merit of summarizing such opinion and declaring the result. The volume is made up of letters from about one hundred physicians, in reply to circulars sent by mail asking each one's opinion as to the cause, nature and treatment of diphtheria. The expectation of adding anything to scientific knowledge by such a method, is based either upon the assumption that the balance of medical opinion must be in the main correct, or else upon the supposition that some real pathological discoveries will be brought to light, whose obscure authors might otherwise have failed to publish them. We deny the first assumption<i>in toto</i>. It is reasoning in a vicious circle to uphold it. Average medical
"The Bleeder"
Authors: R. G. Macfarlane
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<h3>Objective</h3> There is a need for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) at precancerous-stage adenoma. Here, we identified novel faecal bacterial markers for diagnosing adenoma. <h3>Design</h3> This study included 1012 subjects (274 CRC, 353 adenoma and 385 controls) from two independent Asian groups. Candidate markers were identified by metagenomics and validated by targeted quantitative PCR. <h3>Results</h3> Metagenomic analysis identified ‘<i>m3</i>’ from a <i>Lachnoclostridium</i> sp., <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> (<i>Fn</i>) and <i>Clostridium hathewayi</i> (<i>Ch</i>) to be significantly enriched in adenoma. Faecal <i>m3</i> and <i>Fn</i> were significantly increased from normal to adenoma to CRC (p&lt;0.0001, linear trend by one-way ANOVA) in group I (n=698), which was further confirmed in group II (n=313; p&lt;0.0001). Faecal <i>m3</i> may perform better than <i>Fn</i> in distinguishing adenoma from controls (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) <i>m3</i>=0.675 vs <i>Fn</i>=0.620, p=0.09), while <i>Fn</i> performed better in diagnosing CRC (AUROCs <i>Fn</i>=0.862 vs <i>m3</i>=0.741, p&lt;0.0001). At 78.5% specificity, <i>m3</i> and <i>Fn</i> showed sensitivities of 48.3% and 33.8% for adenoma, and 62.1% and 77.8% for CRC, respectively. In a subgroup tested with faecal immunochemical test (FIT; n=642), <i>m3</i> performed better than FIT in detecting adenoma (sensitivities for non-advanced and advanced adenomas of 44.2% and 50.8% by <i>m3</i> (specificity=79.6%) vs 0% and 16.1% by FIT (specificity=98.5%)). Combining with FIT improved sensitivity of <i>m3</i> for advanced adenoma to 56.8%. The combination of <i>m3</i> with <i>Fn</i>, <i>Ch</i>, <i>Bacteroides clarus</i> and FIT performed best for diagnosing CRC (specificity=81.2% and sensitivity=93.8%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study identifies a novel bacterial marker <i>m3</i> for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal adenoma.