tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risks of mental health outcomes in people with covid-19: cohort study
Authors: Yan Xie, Evan Xu, Ziyad Al-Aly
Journal: BMJ (2022)

To estimate the risks of incident mental health disorders in survivors of the acute phase of covid-19.Cohort study.US Department of Veterans Affairs.Cohort comprising 153 848 people who survived the first 30 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and two control groups: a contemporary group (n=5 637 840) with no evidence of SARS-CoV-2, and a historical control group (n=5 859 251) that predated the covid-19 pandemic.Risks of prespecified incident mental health outcomes, calculated as hazard ratio and absolute risk difference per 1000 people at one year, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Predefined covariates and algorithmically selected high dimensional covariates were used to balance the covid-19 and control groups through inverse weighting.The covid-19 group showed an increased risk of incident anxiety disorders (hazard ratio 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.30 to 1.39); risk difference 11.06 (95% confidence interval 9.64 to 12.53) per 1000 people at one year), depressive disorders (1.39 (1.34 to 1.43); 15.12 (13.38 to 16.91) per 1000 people at one year), stress and adjustment disorders (1.38 (1.34 to 1.43); 13.29 (11.71 to 14.92) per 1000 people at one year), and use of antidepressants (1.55 (1.50 to 1.60); 21.59 (19.63 to 23.60) per 1000 people at one year) and benzodiazepines (1.65 (1.58 to 1.72); 10.46 (9.37 to 11.61) per 1000 people at one year). The risk of incident opioid prescriptions also increased (1.76 (1.71 to 1.81); 35.90 (33.61 to 38.25) per 1000 people at one year), opioid use disorders (1.34 (1.21 to 1.48); 0.96 (0.59 to 1.37) per 1000 people at one year), and other (non-opioid) substance use disorders (1.20 (1.15 to 1.26); 4.34 (3.22 to 5.51) per 1000 people at one year). The covid-19 group also showed an increased risk of incident neurocognitive decline (1.80 (1.72 to 1.89); 10.75 (9.65 to 11.91) per 1000 people at one year) and sleep disorders (1.41 (1.38 to 1.45); 23.80 (21.65 to 26.00) per 1000 people at one year). The risk of any incident mental health diagnosis or prescription was increased (1.60 (1.55 to 1.66); 64.38 (58.90 to 70.01) per 1000 people at one year). The risks of examined outcomes were increased even among people who were not admitted to hospital and were highest among those who were admitted to hospital during the acute phase of covid-19. Results were consistent with those in the historical control group. The risk of incident mental health disorders was consistently higher in the covid-19 group in comparisons of people with covid-19 not admitted to hospital versus those not admitted to hospital for seasonal influenza, admitted to hospital with covid-19 versus admitted to hospital with seasonal influenza, and admitted to hospital with covid-19 versus admitted to hospital for any other cause.The findings suggest that people who survive the acute phase of covid-19 are at increased risk of an array of incident mental health disorders. Tackling mental health disorders among survivors of covid-19 should be a priority.
Exertional Arrhythmia and Nitroglycerin
Authors: George E. Gey
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Nitroglycerin improves the exercise performance of patients with coronary heart disease. A retrospective study of data collected while monitoring 103 such patients was focused on the various types of arrhythmia and the effects of nitroglycerin on the frequency of occurrence. After nitroglycerin administration, occurrences were fewer. This applied more to angina patients than to those with healed myocardial infarction.
Deciphering endothelial heterogeneity in health and disease at single-cell resolution: progress and perspectives
Authors: Lisa M Becker, Shiau-Haln Chen, Julie Rodor, Laura P M H de Rooij, Andrew H Baker, Peter Carmeliet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2022)

Endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the inner lining of vascular beds in mammals and are crucial for homeostatic regulation of blood vessel physiology, but also play a key role in pathogenesis of many diseases, thereby representing realistic therapeutic targets. However, it has become evident that ECs are heterogeneous, encompassing several subtypes with distinct functions, which makes EC targeting and modulation in diseases challenging. The rise of the new single-cell era has led to an emergence of studies aimed at interrogating transcriptome diversity along the vascular tree, and has revolutionized our understanding of EC heterogeneity from both a physiological and pathophysiological context. Here, we discuss recent landmark studies aimed at teasing apart the heterogeneous nature of ECs. We cover driving (epi)genetic, transcriptomic, and metabolic forces underlying EC heterogeneity in health and disease, as well as current strategies used to combat disease-enriched EC phenotypes, and propose strategies to transcend largely descriptive heterogeneity towards prioritization and functional validation of therapeutically targetable drivers of EC diversity. Lastly, we provide an overview of the most recent advances and hurdles in single EC OMICs.
Immunostimulatory effects of radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Julie Constanzo, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Jean-Pierre Pouget
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Radiation therapy (RT) is known for its ability to kill cancer cells in an immunogenic manner. Recent preclinical data demonstrate that targeted alpha-particle therapy shares with RT the capacity to elicit immunostimulatory effects, standing out as a promising strategy to circumvent immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in immunologically ‘cold’ tumors.
Anticonvulsant drugs.
Authors: D L Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

cyanide is commonly used and .Sective but is time consuming and requires very strict safety precautions; authorised contrac- tors must provide a certificate of clearance before re-entry to the aircraft is allowed.Disinfection and deratting procedures will be required on arrival if a person suffering from plague has been on board.Next week's article covers further aspects of airline operations- aircrew schedules and emergency considerations.
Alopecia areata.
Authors: I Ralfs
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Aetiology of appendicitis SIR,-We read with interest the repeated assertion by Mr D P Burkitt and others that "the geographical distribution of appendicitis indicates that it is a disease associated with modern Western culture" (3 March, p 620).Reports, which often comprised moderately large series of cases of appendicitis, have recently been published from Africa,'-' South America,4 the Middle East,5-7 Malaysia,8 Indonesia,9 China,10 and even the Arctic."1The World Organisation of Gastroenterology re- search committee is conducting a large-scale multinational survey into the presentation of abdominal pain around the world.In every single centre, including Mexico City and Khon Kaen, Thailand, in large series of several hundred cases per centre, the commonest cause of admission to hospital with acute abdominal pain is acute appendicitis.It is not helpful therefore at the present time to equate appendicitis with modem Western culture.The relation between the two-if it exists at all-is undoubtedly far more complex than Mr Burkitt's simplistic assertion.
Impact of provider education on prostate cancer genetic counseling referrals.
Authors: Emily Moody, McCall Larson, Samantha Greenberg, Taylor Jump, Mckenzie Bell, Jesse Gygi, Lisa Garcia, Desiree Dougherty, Brock O Neil, Steven C Lynch, Derrick S. Haslem, David Michael Gill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

59 Background: Guidelines recommend germline genetic not only for men with advanced and metastatic prostate cancer but also those with NCCN-high risk disease. Many men harboring germline DNA repair defects would not have met criteria for testing under previous guidelines (Nicolosi et al, JAMA Oncol 2019). Knowledge of germline mutations is pertinent due to recent regulatory approval of PARP inhibitors olaparib and rucaparib and guides screening for first-degree relatives who are at increased risk for other cancers (Pritchard et al, NEJM 2016). Knowledge gaps for germline genetic testing have been previously described (Loeb et al, Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020). Through a series of educational sessions, we sought to increase utilization of appropriate genetic services for men with prostate cancer. Methods: Starting March 2021, virtual educational presentations were held for nurse navigators, urologists, and medical oncologists throughout our large community-based healthcare system. Surveys were distributed following each presentation to measure clinicians’ perception of their knowledge regarding prostate cancer genetics referrals on a five-step scale. Prostate cancer patient referral data was measured from September 2020 to August 2021, six months prior to and after the presentations. Results: Self-reported understanding of prostate cancer genetics referral practices following the educational presentations increased by an average of 1.7/5 steps (2.5 to 4.2/5) for physicians and 1.4/5 steps (2.9 to 4.1/5) for nurse navigators. From March to August 2021, there were 107 genetic referrals for prostate cancer (average 17.8 referrals/month) compared to 49 referrals from September 2020 to February 2021 (8.2 referrals/month). Conclusions: Prostate cancer genetics referrals increased 118% following educational presentations to urologists, medical oncologists, and nurse navigators. This correlates with an improvement in self-reported knowledge gaps. Provider education interventions may improve access to genetic services for men with prostate cancer. The increase in referrals likely does not account for all patients meeting criteria for germline testing. Work is ongoing to calculate the number of referrals as a proportion of the eligible population.[Table: see text]
Intestinal microbiome associated with development of grade 3/4 adverse in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab (N/I) and probiotic support: Results from a phase Ib study.
Authors: Luis A Meza, Nazli Dizman, Paulo Gustavo Bergerot, Tanya B. Dorff, Yung Lyou, Paul Henry Frankel, Marian Llamas, Joann Hsu, Zeynep Busra Zengin, Nicholas Salgia, Jasnoor Malhotra, Neal Shiv Chawla, John D Gillece, Lauren J Reining, Jeffrey M. Trent, Motomichi Takahashi, Kentaro Oka, Seiya Higashi, Sarah K Highlander, Sumanta K. Pal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

374 Background: Treatment with N/I with the addition of CBM588, a live bacterial product comprised primarily of Clostridium butyricum, improved PFS and RR versus N/I alone when used as first line treatment for patients with mRCC (Meza et al ASCO 2021). Increased abundance of certain bacterial species in the gut microbiome have been associated with the development of treatment related adverse events (TREAs) in lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy (Chau et al BMC Cancer 2021). However, this association has not yet been delineated in the setting of mRCC. Here, we present results of an exploratory analysis assessing the differences in stool microbiome composition between patients who experienced grade (G) 3/4 TREAs and those who did not. Methods: Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive N/I with or without CBM588. Stool collection for bacteriomic profiling was planned at baseline and after 12 weeks of therapy for all randomized patients. Whole metagenome sequencing was performed using previously published methods (Dizman et al Cancer Med 2021) and differences in microbiome composition were measured based on the occurrence of G 3/4 TREAs. Results: 30 patients were enrolled and 29 included in the study. At the time of data cutoff (April 15, 2021) the median follow up was 12.2 months (95% confidence intervals [CI], 10.6-13.8). Grade 3/4 TRAEs were experienced in 52, 50, and 53% of patients in the overall cohort, control, and intervention arms, respectively (p = NS). Among the most common G 3/4 TRAEs, subjects experienced fatigue, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia. Patients with a complete set of stool samples were included for the microbiome analysis (n = 26). In patients who experienced G 3/4 TRAEs, a significantly greater baseline abundance of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Blautia spp. (p = 0.02, 0.03, 0.05) were seen when compared to those not experiencing G 3/4 TRAEs. In contrast, Bacteroides intestinalis and B. thetaiotamicron, were observed in significantly higher abundances in baseline stool specimens of patients who did not experience G 3/4 TREAs (p = 0.03 for both). No significant differences were seen for any of these species at the 12-week timepoint. Conclusions: We are among the first to investigate the differences in baseline stool microbiome in mRCC patients experiencing G 3/4 TRAEs while receiving immunotherapy. Our results suggest that certain taxa of bacteria are predictors of the development of serious TRAEs. Larger cohorts are needed to corroborate these findings. Clinical trial information: NCT03829111.
Diphtheria
Authors: R. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1876)

and the evidence of pointing in two places, led me to hesitate between the former diagnosis and that of pulsating abscess or soft malignant growth.And here the fact of a diastolic bruit having cxisted over the base of the heart, to my mind, settled the diagnosis ; for I have never been disappointed in the practical value of the rule that a mediastinal tumour associated with a diastolic murmur may be surely regar(led as aneurismal, inasmuch as a diastolic murmur signifies disease within the aorta.The significance of this murmur when present is equally valu- able whether it be heard over the heart or over the tumour.Systolic brui4, though muclh more common, is not nearly so valuable a sign, being frequently caused by pressure upoII the aorta from without.The two murmurs are most often combined; thus, of thirty-six cases of aortic aneurism that have come under my own observation, a double murmur was present in twelve, a diastolic murmur alone in two, an(l a systolic alone in eight.The disappearance of the murmurs in this case was due to the occupation of the sac by coagulum under the starva- tion treatment to which the poor fellow was perforce submitted.The integrity of the aortic valves, and the absence of hypertrophy of the left ventricle, were worthy of note in this case.It is laid down in text- books that cardiac hypertrophy is almost always present in aneurism.I have, however, seen many instances to the contrary; and of twenty- two cases qutoted by Dr. Blakiston, in his work on Diseascs ofthe lear-1t, in only eighlt was hypcrtrophy present.
NARRATION
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum
Journal: BMJ (1899)

J. S. asks for advice with regard to the climate of Briglhton in its relation to dyspepsia.Is it good or bad, and, if the latter, wlat is tl-e factor?M.D. wishes to hear of a small book dealing with the subject of medical partnerships.SMALL-POX HOSPITALS.M.O.H. asks for any information in reference to any injunction that may lhave been obtained by private individuals or otlherwise in the case of the erection of small-pox hospitals by local autlhorities, and witlh special reference to the danger of aifrial infection or tllc alleged damage to adjoining property.
Ischaemic colitis.
Authors: A Marston, M T Pheils, M L Thomas, B C Morson
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This important paper brings a conceptual unity to the clinical problems of ischaemia attacking the gut and describes the three syndromes which may occur.On the basis of post-clinical and experimental work a classification of ischaemic colitis into gangrenous, stricturing, and transient forms is proposed.It is suggested that ischaemia of the colon, occurring in the same age group and from the same causes as myocardial infarction, accounts for certain cases of 'seg- mental' colitis, particularly those involving the splenic flexure.
Surgery: the worthy produce of heaven
Journal: BMJ (2002)

nationwide trend.Deaths from primary liver disease increased from 6 per 100 000 population in 1993 to 13 per 100 000 in 2000, and almost exclusively as a result of alcoholic liver disease.Fisher and colleagues (p 312) say that halting or reversing the trend requires further education of the public on the risk of fatal liver disease from excessive alcohol consumption.
Rumpelstiltskin
Authors: G. L. Moench
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Etymology is a fascinating subject but can go astray, as is shown by interpreting "Rumpelstiltskin" to mean "crinkly foreskin" (<i>JAMA</i><b>188</b>:309 [April 20] 1964). Not by any stretch of imagination can such a meaning be attributed to the name. Whoever first gave it such a meaning expressed an opinion completely unclouded by the facts. First of all, the meaning is completely foreign to Grimm's fairy tales. Secondly, the word is to be divided thusly: "Rumpel" (verb "rumpeln") not meaning to crinkle but to jolt or even rumble; "stilts" (low German for "Stelzen"), meaning stilts; and "kin" (low German for "chen"), simply the well-known diminutive. For example, a "Stiltsfoet" (low German for Stelzfuss) is a wooden foot or leg. While it is not mentioned, I am sure that the dwarf was endowed with a Stiltsfoet, hence his ability to stamp through the floor.
AHA/ACCF Scientific Statement on the Evaluation of Syncope
Authors: S. Adam Strickberger, D. Woodrow Benson, Italo Biaggioni, David J. Callans, Mitchell I. Cohen, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, Andrew E. Epstein, Paul Friedman, Jeffrey Goldberger, Paul A. Heidenreich, George J. Klein, Bradley P. Knight, Carlos A. Morillo, Robert J. Myerburg, Cathy A. Sila
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
A case of hyperlucent lung
Authors: W. A. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>History</h3> An asymptomatic 52-year-old man was found to have an abnormal chest roentgenogram on a routine evaluation. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Congenital absence of the left pectoral muscle. Figure 1 shows unilateral hyperlucency of the left lung field. The clue to the diagnosis was the discrepancy in extrathoracic soft-tissue shadows. Physical examination disclosed that the patient had congenital absence of the left pectoralis major, left nipple, and left chest wall hair (Fig 2). The unilateral deficiency in muscle mass had caused the diminished density on the chest film. This anomaly is a form of Poland's<sup>1</sup>syndrome, an embryologic defect of the mesoderm first recognized in 1841 and recently reviewed.<sup>2,3</sup>Patients with Poland's syndrome have a variable incidence of syndactyly, brachydactylia, hypoplasia of some of the elements of the corresponding upper extremity, thoracic cage defect, absent nipple, and axillary web. When presented with a roentgenogram of a unilateral hyperlucent lung, one must
Facile and secure deployment of plastic stent through an endoscopic tapered sheath for endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage
Authors: Yusuke Kito, Akihisa Kato, Michihiro Yoshida, Makoto Natsume, Yasuki Hori, Itaru Naitoh, Kazuki Hayashi
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage is a promising treatment for a variety of conditions, such as obstructive jaundice and peripancreatic fluid collection [1] [2]. Despite recent improvement in stents, EUS-guided drainage is often complicated because it is sometimes difficult to pass a plastic stent, especially a double pigtail stent, through a fistula even after dilation. Therefore, we used a newly developed endoscopic tapered sheath (EndoSheather; Piolax, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan) ([Fig. 1], [Fig. 2]) [3] in two patients. This device allows fistula dilation and subsequent easy insertion of the plastic stent (up to 6 Fr in diameter) through the indwelling outer sheath, which bridges to the target space, thereby eliminating the need to remove the device. Hence, this technique may improve the outcomes of EUS-guided drainage, especially when performed by novice interventional endoscopists.
Imported Cholera Associated With a Newly Described Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae 0139 Strain—California, 1993
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>Erratum:</i> Vol.70, No. 37
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

on page 1252, in the Table, the second footnote should have read, " † ED visit data are from the National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP).Data are limited to ED visits with a discharge diagnosis.Data from Hawaii and Ohio are not included.Fewer than 50% of facilities in California, Iowa, Minnesota, and Oklahoma report to NSSP.In HHS Region 7, fewer than 50% of all ED visits have a discharge diagnosis."On page 1253, the title for Figure 2 should have read, "Number of COVID-19 hospitalizations and percentage of COVID-19 hospitalizations resulting in intensive care unit admission or invasive mechanical ventilation among persons aged 0-17 years, by age group -United States, August 1, 2020-August 21, 2021."