tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in Weight-Related Outcomes Among Adolescents Following Consumer Price Increases of Taxed Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Authors: Tadeja Gračner, Fernanda Marquez-Padilla, Danae Hernandez-Cortes
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Following the implementation of a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in Mexico in 2014, SSB prices increased by about 10% on average, but differently across cities. It remains unclear how observed SSB price changes are associated with adolescent weight-related outcomes.To compare weight-related outcomes among adolescents living in cities with differential SSB price changes before and after the SSB tax was implemented in Mexico.Associations between differential SSB price changes and changes in weight-related outcomes were examined overall and by sex among 12 654 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years born between 1999 and 2002 living in 39 cities in Mexico. Multivariate regressions with individual fixed effects were applied on longitudinal individual-level yearly clinical data (height and weight) from 2012 to 2017 collected by the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) and merged with city-level SSB price data from 2011 to 2016 collected by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Data were analyzed from July 2018 to July 2021.Yearly city-level changes in SSB prices between 2011 and 2016.Age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) percentile and indicator for overweight or obesity if BMI was at or above the 85th percentile.Before 2014, 46% of 12 654 adolescents (6850 girls and 5804 boys) included in this study had obesity or overweight. The mean (SD) age was 11.38 (1.08) years. Among girls, a 10% SSB price increase was associated with a 1.3 percentage point absolute decrease (95% CI, -2.19 to -0.36; P = .008) or a 3% relative decrease in overweight or obesity prevalence within 2 years of a price change. For girls with BMI at or above the 75th percentile pretax, this price increase was associated with a 0.59 lower BMI percentile (95% CI, -1.08 to -0.10; P = .02) or a 0.67% relative decrease. Improved outcomes for girls were observed in cities where price increases were greater than 10% after the tax. No such associations were observed for boys.In this study, increased SSB prices were associated with decreased overweight or obesity prevalence among girls but not among boys. Improvements in outcomes were small, and mostly observed for girls with heavier weight and in cities where price increases after the tax were greater than 10%.
Abstract 10906: Association of Serum Magnesium Level on Emergency Department Arrival and Favorable Neurologic Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Jooyeong Kim, Kim Sung Jin, Jonghak Park, Sejoong Ahn, Juhyun Song, Hanjin Cho
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Electrolyte disturbances are associated with sudden cardiac arrest based on several cohort studies. However little is known about the association between serum magnesium(S-Mg) level at ED arrival and survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. Hypothesis: We hypothesized S-Mg level at ED arrival is associated with favorable neurologic outcome of OHCA patients. Methods: This is an observational study using Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium (KoCARC) data from October 2015 to June 2020. EMS treated OHCA patients over 18 years old who survived to ICU admission were included. Those without S-Mg level were excluded. Exposure is S-Mg level at emergency department (ED) arrival and outcome was favorable neurologic outcome (cerebral performance category 1 or 2) at hospital discharge. S-Mg was categorized into three groups; Low group; 0-1.7mg/dl, Normal group;1.7-2.3mg/dl, High group; over 2.3mg/dl). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for outcome. Results: From total 10,897 OHCA patients, 2,789 patients survived to ICU admission and 1,370 patients had initial S-Mg result. Favorable neurologic outcome was 27.4% in low group, 55.7% in normal group and 23.0% in high group. After adjusting potential confounders in multivariable logistic analysis, compared to the normal group, AOR was 0.28 (95% CI 0.11-0.75) at low group and 0.43 (95% CI 0.23-0.82) at high group. Conclusion: Low (S-Mg less than 1.7 mg/dl) or high (S-Mg over 2.3mg/dl) S-Mg level measured initially at ED arrival for OHCA patients was associated with worse neurologic outcome compared to normal S-Mg level (S-Mg 1.7-2.3mg/dl). Based on this study, further study is needed to investigate the optimized S-Mg level for OHCA patient under resuscitation.
Advances in biomineralization-inspired materials for hard tissue repair
Authors: Shuxian Tang, Zhiyun Dong, Xiang Ke, Jun Luo, Jianshu Li
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2021)

Abstract Biomineralization is the process by which organisms form mineralized tissues with hierarchical structures and excellent properties, including the bones and teeth in vertebrates. The underlying mechanisms and pathways of biomineralization provide inspiration for designing and constructing materials to repair hard tissues. In particular, the formation processes of minerals can be partly replicated by utilizing bioinspired artificial materials to mimic the functions of biomolecules or stabilize intermediate mineral phases involved in biomineralization. Here, we review recent advances in biomineralization-inspired materials developed for hard tissue repair. Biomineralization-inspired materials are categorized into different types based on their specific applications, which include bone repair, dentin remineralization, and enamel remineralization. Finally, the advantages and limitations of these materials are summarized, and several perspectives on future directions are discussed.
Vectura and Philip Morris: the leopard has not changed its spots
Authors: Nicholas S Hopkinson
Journal: Thorax (2021)

The uniquely lethal nature of the tobacco industry's products,1 the industry's environmental impact2 and its incompatibility with human rights3 make the takeover of Vectura, a pharmaceutical company focused on inhaler technology, by tobacco giant Philip Morris International (PMI), extremely unwelcome. The idea that a company which, based on its market share and the global death toll, kills more than a million people every year4 should be allowed to expand into the delivery of healthcare has been widely condemned, including by the British Thoracic Society (BTS) (box 1), the European Respiratory Society5 and the US COPD Foundation, as well as the American Lung Association and American Thoracic Society who referred to the move as 'reprehensible'.6 Box 1 ### British Thoracic Society Statement on Philip Morris International's takeover of Vectura Vectura, a company that for over 20 years has worked to treat lung disease, is now part of the tobacco industry. This is inappropriate, unethical and should have been prevented. The society's policy in relation to the tobacco industry14 remains clear :
Feasibility and efficacy of a multidisciplinary palliative approach in patients with advanced interstitial lung disease. A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: I. Bassi, A. Guerrieri, M. Carpano, A. Gardini, I. Prediletto, M. Polastri, J. Randall Curtis, S. Nava
Journal: Pulmonology (2021)

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of parenchymal lung disorders which have a significant burden on quality of life and exercise. The primary purpose of this randomised pilot trial performed in advanced ILD was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of a multidisciplinary palliative care approach (including physiotherapist, psychologist, pulmonologists, and palliative care doctors) to relieve patients' symptoms of dyspnoea, depression measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and quality-of-life (QoL) at 6 and 12 months.Fifty patients with confirmed interstitial lung disease at computed tomography (CT) scan and advanced disease were enrolled at our clinic. Patients were randomised to usual care group vs intervention group; in the intervention group, patients were scheduled to meet a physiotherapist, a psychologist, a palliative care doctor, and a pulmonologist specialized in ILD care. Data on dyspnoea, cough, quality of life and depression were recorded; patients in the intervention group were also tested to assess lower body flexibility and strength.Both groups showed a worsening in dyspnoea during the time course of the trial, but the Borg scale was less in the intervention group at 6 and 12 months. A similar trend was observed also for the CES-D scale. No differences were observed for the other scales.A multi-disciplinary palliative care intervention in patients with advanced fibrosing interstitial lung disease is feasible and effective.NCT02929966 on ClinGovTrial.
150P Subgroup analysis of ORIENT12: Efficacy of sintilimab in combination with gemcitabine and platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: C. Zhou, G. Gao, L. Wu, Z. Wang, G. Chen, D. Huang, Z. Yang, C. Zhou, L. Liu, H.Y. Li
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Chances of pregnancy and live birth among women undergoing conservative management of early-stage endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Erica Herrera Cappelletti, Jonas Humann, Rafael Torrejón, Pietro Gambadauro
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2021)

Endometrial cancer is common and usually occurs after menopause, but the number of women diagnosed during reproductive age is increasing. The standard treatment including hysterectomy is effective but causes absolute uterine factor infertility. In order to avoid or postpone surgery, conservative management of endometrial cancer (CMEC) has been proposed for younger women who want to retain their fertility.
Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: Heroes Work Here
Authors: Grace E. Farris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Web ExclusivesJanuary 2022Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: Heroes Work HereFREEGrace E. Farris, MDGrace E. Farris, MDUniversity of Texas, Austin, Texas (G.E.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G21-0081 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Texas, Austin, Texas (G.E.F.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G21-0024.Author/Illustrator Information: Grace E. Farris, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Dell Medical School at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas. You can view her work at her website: www.farrisgrace.com.About Dr. Mom: In Dr. Mom, physician and cartoonist Grace Farris examines work–life balance while mothering and doctoring. Dr. Mom appears monthly in Annals Graphic Medicine at Annals.org.This article was published at Annals.org on 28 December 2021. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics January 2022Volume 175, Issue 1Page: W10-W11 ePublished: 28 December 2021 Issue Published: January 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2021 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Inhaled Corticosteroids Alone and in Combination With Long-Acting β<sub>2</sub> Receptor Agonists to Treat Reduced Lung Function in Preterm-Born Children
Authors: Nia Goulden, Michael Cousins, Kylie Hart, Alison Jenkins, Gill Willetts, Louise Yendle, Iolo Doull, E. Mark Williams, Zoe Hoare, Sailesh Kotecha
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Decreases in future lung function are a hallmark of preterm birth, but studies for management of decreased lung function are limited.
162P Population pharmacokinetic modeling of tremelimumab in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors
Authors: C. Even, S.B. Goldberg, L.L. Siu, D. Planchard, M. Hwang, C.C-K. Chen, J. He, X. Song, D. Zhou, R. Doake, L. Krug, S. Peters
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Nuole Zhu, Miguel Santos-Santos, Ignacio Illán-Gala, Victor Montal, Teresa Estellés, Isabel Barroeta, Miren Altuna, Javier Arranz, Laia Muñoz, Olivia Belbin, Isabel Sala, Maria Belén Sánchez-Saudinós, Andrea Subirana, Laura Videla, Jordi Pegueroles, Rafael Blesa, Jordi Clarimón, Maria Carmona-Iragui, Juan Fortea, Alberto Lleó, Daniel Alcolea
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2021)

Astrocytes play an essential role in neuroinflammation and are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodenegerative diseases. Studies of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocytic damage marker, may help advance our understanding of different neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic performance of plasma GFAP (pGFAP), plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) and their combination for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their clinical utility in predicting disease progression.pGFAP and pNfL concentrations were measured in 72 FTD, 56 AD and 83 cognitively normal (CN) participants using the Single Molecule Array technology. Of the 211 participants, 199 underwent cerebrospinal (CSF) analysis and 122 had magnetic resonance imaging. We compared cross-sectional biomarker levels between groups, studied their diagnostic performance and assessed correlation between CSF biomarkers, cognitive performance and cortical thickness. The prognostic performance was investigated, analyzing cognitive decline through group comparisons by tertile.Unlike pNfL, which was increased similarly in both clinical groups, pGFAP was increased in FTD but lower than in AD (all P < 0.01). Combination of both plasma markers improved the diagnostic performance to discriminate FTD from AD (area under the curve [AUC]: combination 0.78; pGFAP 0.7; pNfL 0.61, all P < 0.05). In FTD, pGFAP correlated with cognition, CSF and plasma NfL, and cortical thickness (all P < 0.05). The higher tertile of pGFAP was associated with greater change in MMSE score and poor cognitive outcome during follow-up both in FTD (1.40 points annually, hazard ratio [HR] 3.82, P < 0.005) and in AD (1.20 points annually, HR 2.26, P < 0.005).pGFAP and pNfL levels differ in FTD and AD, and their combination is useful for distinguishing between the two diseases. pGFAP could also be used to track disease severity and predict greater cognitive decline during follow-up in patients with FTD.
Abstract 9152: Incidence of Cardiac Arrest Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Tyler P Rasmussen, Danielle Riley, Mary Vaughan-Sarazzin, Paul Chan, Saket Girotra
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Although survival for in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has improved substantially over the last two decades, survival rates have plateaued in recent years. Our understanding of incidence of IHCA remains limited. We measured incidence of IHCA among Medicare beneficiaries and evaluated hospital variation in incidence of IHCA. Methods: We used an observational cohort study using data from 2014-2017 Get with the Guidelines-Resuscitation (GWTG-R) data linked with Medicare inpatient data summarized by hospital. Hospital incidence of IHCA among Medicare beneficiaries was calculated as the total number of patients 65 years and older with an IHCA divided by the total number of Medicare admissions. Multivariable hierarchical regression models were used to adjust hospital incidence rates for differences in case-mix across study hospitals and evaluate its the association with hospital variables. Results: Among a total of 4.5 million admissions at 170 hospitals, 38,630 patients experienced an IHCA. The median risk-adjusted IHCA incidence was 8.3 per-1000 admissions. Even after adjusting for differences in case-mix index, IHCA incidence varied markedly across hospitals (Figure 1) ranging from 2.1 per-1000 admissions to 24.7 per-1000 admissions (interquartile range: 6.5-11.4; median odds ratio: 1.52; 95% credible interval 1.45-1.59). Among hospital variables, a higher case-mix index, higher nurse staffing and teaching status were associated with a lower hospital incidence of IHCA. Conclusions: Incidence of IHCA varies markedly across hospitals, even after adjustment for differences in patient case-mix. Hospital variables including case-mix severity, nurse staffing and teaching status were significantly associated with incidence rates. Future studies are needed to better understand processes of care at hospitals with exceptionally low IHCA incidence to identify best practices for cardiac arrest prevention.
Distinguishing the specific from the recognitional and the canonical, and the nature of ratios
Authors: Christopher Peacocke
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract There are three independent properties of a mode of presentation (m.p.) of a number: being specific; being recognitional; and being canonical. A perceptual m.p. of the form that many Fs is specific although it is neither recognitional nor canonical. The literature has not distinguished noncanonical from nonspecific m.p.s of numbers. Ratios are fundamentally ratios of magnitudes.
<i>Phase I/II Study of Reduced Dosing of Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) after HLA-Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation</i>
Authors: Meredith J. McAdams, Mustafa Hyder, Dimana Dimitrova, Jennifer L. Sadler, Christi McKeown, Seth M. Steinberg, Amy Chai, Scott Napier, Anita Stokes, Jennifer Sponaugle, Thomas E. Hughes, Nu Ri Cha, Jennifer Cuellar-Rodriguez, Melissa Walker, Ronald E. Gress, Jennifer A. Kanakry, Christopher G. Kanakry
Journal: Blood (2021)
Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant
Authors: Jamie Lopez Bernal, Charlotte Gower, Nick Andrews
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant To the Editor: In their study, Lopez Bernal et al. (Aug.12 issue) 1 estimate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines against symptomatic disease caused by the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant.The authors encountered a unique situation and were able to capitalize on it.The decision in the United Kingdom to use an extended administration interval of up to 12 weeks allowed partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated populations to be studied.I found the test-negative case-control analysis to be reassuring.The findings show that the BNT162b2 vaccine was more effective than the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, and both vaccines were less effective against the delta variant than against the B.1.1.7 (alpha) variant.I believe that the values for efficacy will widen further with the waning of vaccine immunity.The alpha and delta variants differ according to an amino acid at P681; in the delta variant, the arginine substitution at this position gives it a major replicative advantage.After vaccination with the messenger RNA vaccines, the serum levels of IgG and IgA rise promptly, but the IgA level falls more quickly and to a lower level than the IgG level. 2 At present, we are fortunate that the vaccines developed for the alpha variant afford some protection against severe disease from the delta variant, but we need vaccines against specific variants to reduce mortality and the prevalence of asymptomatic nasal carriage.We also need specific vaccines that produce a strong soluble IgA immune response in the nasopharynx.
Clip Closure Does Not Reduce Risk of Bleeding After Resection of Large Serrated Polyps: Results From a Randomized Trial
Authors: Seth D. Crockett, Mouen Khashab, Douglas K. Rex, Ian S. Grimm, Matthew T. Moyer, Amit Rastogi, Todd A. Mackenzie, Heiko Pohl, Firas H. Al-Kawas, Fadi Antaki, Harry R. Aslanian, Seth D. Crockett, Pooja A. Elias, B. Joseph Elmunzer, Jeffrey A. Gill, Stuart R. Gordon, Ian S. Grimm, Muhammad K. Hasan, Mouen A. Khashab, Ryan J. Law, John M. Levenick, Todd A. Mackenzie, Abraham Mathew, Matthew T. Moyer, Oswaldo Ortiz, Maria Pellise, Douglas Pleskow, Heiko Pohl, Amit Rastogi, Daniel von Renteln, Douglas K. Rex, Omid Sanaei
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
Genomic profiles and their associations with TMB, PD-L1 expression, and immune cell infiltration landscapes in synchronous multiple primary lung cancers
Authors: Chunhong Hu, Lishu Zhao, Wenliang Liu, Songqing Fan, Junqi Liu, Yuxuan Liu, Xiaohan Liu, Long Shu, Xianling Liu, Ping Liu, Chao Deng, Zhenhua Qiu, Chen Chen, Yi Jiang, Qingchun Liang, Lingling Yang, Yang Shao, Qiongzhi He, Danlei Yu, Yue Zeng, Yizheng Li, Yue Pan, Sujuan Zhang, Shenghao Shi, Yurong Peng, Fang Wu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Diagnosing and treating patients with multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) bring challenges to the clinic, and the preliminary evidence has revealed unsatisfying outcomes after targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Therefore, we surveyed genomic profiles of MPLCs and their possible associations with tumor mutation burden (TMB), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and the immune cell infiltration landscape.A total of 112 patients with MPLCs with surgically resected 294 tumors were eligible, and 255 tumors were sequenced using a 1021-gene panel. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate the levels of PD-L1 and the density of CD3+/CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and CD68+/CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) at the central tumor and invasive margin, and immunotypes were generated based on those variables.MPLCs often occur simultaneously in non-smoker women younger than 60 years and manifest as ground-glass opacities, adenocarcinoma, and stage I lung lesions. The most frequently mutated genes in the 255 tumors were EGFR (56%), ERBB2 (12%), TP53 (12%), BRAF (11%), RBM10 (11%), and KRAS (9%). We found 87 (77.7%) patients with diverse genomic profiles, and 61 (54.5%) who shared at least one putative driver gene between different tumors presented more aggressive tumors. The median TMB was 1.92 mutations/Mb, and high-TMB (≥3) lesions often harbored EGFRL858R/KRASG12C/RBM10/TP53/LRP1B mutations or wild-type ERBB2. Only 8.1% of patients and 3.9% of lesions were positive for PD-L1 on tumor cells, and this positivity was more frequent in LRP1B/TP53-mutant tumors. EGFRL858R/RBM10/TP53 mutations were positively associated with specific immune cells and an inflamed immunotype, but ERBB2 mutations were negatively correlated. TMB, CD3+TILs, and CD68+/CD163+ TAMs presented with significant heterogeneity among paired tumors (all kappa <0.2), but PD-L1 and CD8 +TILs were more uniformly present in tumor pairs.MPLCs are driven by different molecular events and often exhibit low TMB, low PD-L1, and a heterogeneous immune infiltration landscape. Specific genomic profiles are associated with TMB and the tumor immune microenvironmental landscape in MPLCs. Our findings can help to guide MPLCs diagnoses and to identify patient populations that may benefit from immunotherapy and targeted therapy.