tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Circadian rhythms and cancers: the intrinsic links and therapeutic potentials
Authors: Li Zhou, Zhe Zhang, Edouard Nice, Canhua Huang, Wei Zhang, Yong Tang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

The circadian rhythm is an evolutionarily conserved time-keeping system that comprises a wide variety of processes including sleep-wake cycles, eating-fasting cycles, and activity-rest cycles, coordinating the behavior and physiology of all organs for whole-body homeostasis. Acute disruption of circadian rhythm may lead to transient discomfort, whereas long-term irregular circadian rhythm will result in the dysfunction of the organism, therefore increasing the risks of numerous diseases especially cancers. Indeed, both epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated the intrinsic link between dysregulated circadian rhythm and cancer. Accordingly, a rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms is opening new options for cancer therapy, possibly by modulating the circadian clock. In this review, we first describe the general regulators of circadian rhythms and their functions on cancer. In addition, we provide insights into the mechanisms underlying how several types of disruption of the circadian rhythm (including sleep-wake, eating-fasting, and activity-rest) can drive cancer progression, which may expand our understanding of cancer development from the clock perspective. Moreover, we also summarize the potential applications of modulating circadian rhythms for cancer treatment, which may provide an optional therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.
Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Severe Hypertriglyceridemia (SHTG) – Initial Baseline data from an Ongoing Phase 2 Study
Authors: Deepak L. Bhatt, John J.P. Kastelein, Teresa Parli, R. Will Charlton, Cynthia L. Hartsfield, Shibao Feng, Hank Mansbach, Harold Bays
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
Effects of Complex Environment and Blindness on Rat Brain
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Viruses, periodontitis, and comorbidities
Authors: Flavia Teles, Ronald G. Collman, Dana Mominkhan, Yu Wang
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)

Abstract Seminal studies published in the 1990s and 2000s explored connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions, revealing potential contributions of periodontal diseases in the initiation or worsening of systemic conditions. The resulting field of periodontal medicine led to the publication of studies indicating that periodontal diseases can influence the risk of systemic conditions, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as Alzheimer disease and cancers. In general, these studies hypothesized that the periodontal bacterial insult and/or the associated proinflammatory cascade could contribute to the pathogenesis of these systemic diseases. While investigations of the biological basis of the connections between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions generally emphasized the bacteriome, it is also biologically plausible, under an analogous hypothesis, that other types of organisms may have a similar role. Human viruses would be logical “suspects” in this role, given their ubiquity in the oral cavity, association with periodontal diseases, and ability to elicit strong inflammatory response, compromise immune responses, and synergize with bacteria in favor of a more pathogenic microbial consortium. In this review, the current knowledge of the role of viruses in connecting periodontal diseases and systemic conditions is examined. We will also delve into the mechanistic basis for such connections and highlight the importance of those relationships in the management and treatment of patients.
Clinical Remarks on Hydrophobia
Authors: J. S. Bristowe
Journal: BMJ (1883)

Z!1LTJM-&RXTMf"MX-DICA&R-NAL.[4d1 Olt 10uW niely cold; and, 't restore warmth, friction of the.limbs with; towdered ginger and oil had to be .resortedto.The suddenness, the violence, and the rapidly fatal nature of the disease, serve, in my -opinion,-to show that it could not have been remittent fever."The Sanitary Commissioner writes: "Dr.Evers inclines to the belief that the disease may have been acute yellow atrophy of the liver.A 'case, 'with symptoms somewhat similar, was treated in the Mayo Hospital in December last.A Eurasian boy, aged four years, -was admitted on December 18th.-It was stated that he had been sMffeing from fever for five days.On admis'sion, -he had bleeding1 from 'the nose, and vomited a quantity of coffee-coloured liquid con- 'taiing clots of blood; he was pale, and had antemic patches all.'over the body.-Spleenenlarged; colour of skin intensely' yellow; no fever; pulse feeble and small,-19tb.Vomited several times fluid containing blood.-2Oth.One stool, waxy; vomited six times fluid containing clots of blood.Some bleeding frozi the nose.-2lst.No stool; no fever.-Vomitedthrice.Eruption the same.Died, 4 P.M.
Developmental Dysarthria
Authors: M. Morley, D. Court, H. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1954)

In 1950 we advocated a simple classification of speech disorders in childhood (Miller and Morley, 1950).This had grown naturally from our work and was conceived within the framework of accepted neurological termino- logy.The five broad categories of deafness, defective articulation or dysarthria, retarded development of language or dysphasia, dyslalia, and stammering, with their main subdivisions, are presented again, as follows Disorders from Deafness 4
SACUBITRIL/VALSARTAN TREATMENT MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED FRONTAL PLANE QRS-T ANGLE AND CARDIAC REPOLARIZATION PARAMETERS.
Authors: Mevlut Serdar Kuyumcu, Sebahat Ulusan, Mehmet Hakan Uzun, Bayram Ali Uysal, Fatih Aksoy, Ercan Varol
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
Finger clubbing.
Authors: M G Jacoby
Journal: BMJ (1977)

much lcss than that of a HBeAg-positive mother.It is of particular interest that the child born to our anti-HBe-positive carrier mother and the case reported previously both developed an acute infection, in contrast to children of HBeAGpositive mothers, who became asymptomatic carriers.The only evidence of hepatitis B infection in these children after elimination of antigen was the presence of antibody.It is thus necessary to perform serial screen- ing on children born to HBsAg-positive mothers, for anti-HBs as well as HBsAg, in any study of e anti-e as a possible marker for vertical transmission.
Naloxone treatment of opiate dependence. A progress report
Authors: A. Zaks
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The duration of action of naloxone hydrochloride, a narcotic antagonist, was extended by increasing doses in nine male volunteers. Blockade against intravenously administered heroin challenges was measured. A daily dose of 2.4 gm of naloxone hydrochloride elicited blockade to 25 mg of heroin and 3.0 gm extended blockade to 50 mg of heroin both for 24 hours. No toxic symptoms occurred in nine weeks of naloxone administration. In order to use antagonists in the prophylaxis of opiate dependence, a long-acting, parenterally administered formulation must be developed.
Oral microbiota in human systematic diseases
Authors: Xian Peng, Lei Cheng, Yong You, Chengwei Tang, Biao Ren, Yuqing Li, Xin Xu, Xuedong Zhou
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2022)

Abstract Oral bacteria directly affect the disease status of dental caries and periodontal diseases. The dynamic oral microbiota cooperates with the host to reflect the information and status of immunity and metabolism through two-way communication along the oral cavity and the systemic organs. The oral cavity is one of the most important interaction windows between the human body and the environment. The microenvironment at different sites in the oral cavity has different microbial compositions and is regulated by complex signaling, hosts, and external environmental factors. These processes may affect or reflect human health because certain health states seem to be related to the composition of oral bacteria, and the destruction of the microbial community is related to systemic diseases. In this review, we discussed emerging and exciting evidence of complex and important connections between the oral microbes and multiple human systemic diseases, and the possible contribution of the oral microorganisms to systemic diseases. This review aims to enhance the interest to oral microbes on the whole human body, and also improve clinician’s understanding of the role of oral microbes in systemic diseases. Microbial research in dentistry potentially enhances our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of oral diseases, and at the same time, continuous advances in this frontier field may lead to a tangible impact on human health.
The risk of AIDS after hepatitis vaccination
Authors: Mark J. Upfal
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the recent decision analysis article by Sacks et al<sup>1</sup>in the Dec 28, 1984, issue ofThe Journal, the authors claim to have calculated the maximum rate of hepatitis B vaccine-induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to be eight per 100,000 with 95% confidence. This calculation is based on a study of 40,000 persons who had been vaccinated prior to mid-1982. I do not believe that an extrapolation from this population can be expected to hold true for a vaccine manufactured from today's pool of donors. As of June 1982, there were less than 600 reported cases of AIDS in the United States,<sup>2</sup>plus an unknown population of carriers of the disease-inducing agent. As of November 1984, the number of reported cases increased more than tenfold to 6,993,<sup>3</sup>and the number of carriers, still unknown, can be presumed to have increased as well. The
Oral health status and the etiology and prevention of nonventilator hospital‐associated pneumonia
Authors: Frank A. Scannapieco, Karen K. Giuliano, Dian Baker
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)

Abstract Nonventilator hospital‐associated pneumonia has recently emerged as an important preventable hospital‐associated infection, and is a leading cause of healthcare‐associated infection. Substantial accumulated evidence links poor oral health with an increased risk of pneumonia, which can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens, each with their own distinct mechanisms of transmission and host susceptibility. These infections are frequently polymicrobial, and often include microbes from biofilms in the oral cavity. Evidence documenting the importance of oral care to prevent nonventilator hospital‐associated pneumonia is continuing to emerge. Reduction of oral biofilm in these populations will reduce the numbers of potential respiratory pathogens in the oral secretions that can be aspirated, which in turn can reduce the risk for pneumonia. This review summarizes up‐to‐date information on the role of oral care in the prevention of nonventilator hospital‐associated pneumonia.
Stem cell architecture drives myelodysplastic syndrome progression and predicts response to venetoclax-based therapy
Authors: Irene Ganan-Gomez, Hui Yang, Feiyang Ma, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Natthakan Thongon, Valentina Marchica, Guillaume Richard-Carpentier, Kelly Chien, Ganiraju Manyam, Feng Wang, Ana Alfonso, Shuaitong Chen, Caleb Class, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Justin P. Ingram, Yamini Ogoti, Ashley Rose, Sanam Loghavi, Pamela Lockyer, Benedetta Cambo, Muharrem Muftuoglu, Sarah Schneider, Vera Adema, Michael McLellan, John Garza, Matteo Marchesini, Nicola Giuliani, Matteo Pellegrini, Jing Wang, Jason Walker, Ziyi Li, Koichi Takahashi, Joel D. Leverson, Carlos Bueso-Ramos, Michael Andreeff, Karen Clise-Dwyer, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Simona Colla
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Abstract Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous neoplastic disorders of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The current standard of care for patients with MDS is hypomethylating agent (HMA)-based therapy; however, almost 50% of MDS patients fail HMA therapy and progress to acute myeloid leukemia, facing a dismal prognosis due to lack of approved second-line treatment options. As cancer stem cells are the seeds of disease progression, we investigated the biological properties of the MDS HSCs that drive disease evolution, seeking to uncover vulnerabilities that could be therapeutically exploited. Through integrative molecular profiling of HSCs and progenitor cells in large patient cohorts, we found that MDS HSCs in two distinct differentiation states are maintained throughout the clinical course of the disease, and expand at progression, depending on recurrent activation of the anti-apoptotic regulator BCL-2 or nuclear factor-kappa B-mediated survival pathways. Pharmacologically inhibiting these pathways depleted MDS HSCs and reduced tumor burden in experimental systems. Further, patients with MDS who progressed after failure to frontline HMA therapy and whose HSCs upregulated BCL-2 achieved improved clinical responses to venetoclax-based therapy in the clinical setting. Overall, our study uncovers that HSC architectures in MDS are potential predictive biomarkers to guide second-line treatments after HMA failure. These findings warrant further investigation of HSC-specific survival pathways to identify new therapeutic targets of clinical potential in MDS.
Research aims at gallstone prevention
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

GALLSTONES RECUR in persons prone to the problem no matter which procedure is used for their removal. A conservative estimate, say some gastroenterologists, is that stones will recur in half of all treated persons in five to ten years. Other investigators say eventual recurrence in almost all stone-prone patients is virtually certain. In Europe, chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid are used routinely to prevent recurrence in such patients. The former drug is used in this country, but some physicians question whether, at about $1000 per year, it is worth the cost, especially since stones often form after its use is discontinued. Although cholelithiasis is a very common disease, present in up to 10% of the general population and up to 20% of persons more than 40 years of age—increasing as the US population ages and accounting for at least 500 000 cholecystectomies each year—it is usually a sufficiently benign disease
Impact of former smoking exposure on airway eosinophilic activation and autoimmunity in patients with severe asthma
Authors: Ditte K. Klein, Alexander Silberbrandt, Laurits Frøssing, Morten Hvidtfeldt, Anna von Bülow, Parameswaran Nair, Manali Mukherjee, Celeste Porsbjerg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Introduction Severe eosinophilic asthma is characterised by frequent exacerbations and a relative insensitivity to steroids. Experimentally, smoking may induce eosinophilic airway inflammation, but the impact in patients with severe asthma is not clear. Objective To investigate the association between smoking exposure in patients with severe asthma, and eosinophilic inflammation and activation, as well as airway autoimmunity and steroid responsiveness. Methods Patients with severe asthma according to European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society criteria were assessed with sputum samples, analysed by cell differential count, and for the presence of free eosinophil granules (FEGs), autoantibodies against eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) and macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). A subgroup of patients with eosinophilic airway inflammation was re-assessed after a 2-week course of prednisolone. Results 132 severe asthmatics were included in the study. 39 (29.5%) patients had ≥10 pack-years of smoking history: 36 (27.3%) were former smokers and three (2.3%) current smokers; and 93 (70.5%) had &lt;10 pack-years exposure. Eosinophilic airway inflammation was more prevalent among patients with ≥10 pack-years (66.7%), compared to patients with &lt;10 pack-years (38.7%, p=0.03), as was the level of FEGs (p=0.001) and both anti-EPX and anti-MARCO (p&lt;0.05 and p&lt;0.0001, respectively). Omitting current smokers did not affect these associations. Furthermore, prednisolone reduced, but did not normalise, sputum eosinophils in patients with a ≥10 pack-year smoking history. Conclusion In patients with severe asthma, a former smoking history is associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation and activation and relative insensitivity to steroids, as well as airway autoimmunity.
Notices
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

de Congr&s Paris, FranceThe following topics are tentatively scheduled for the scientific program.Organ procurement: cerebral-death donor, non-heart-beating donor, living donor revisited, split organs, and prevention of disease transmission.Coordination, organ sharing: accreditation of nationdregional organ sharing program, rules of allocation by organ, quality control, computers, information network, cost and beneficial aspects of sharing program, coordination of orgadtissue retrieval, role of coordinators, and training courses of coordinators.Organ preservation and storage: experimental and clinical aspects, impact on long-term graft function, organ quality assessment, deep freezing, research programs, and islet and tissue preservation.Expanding the donor pool: evaluation of organ shortage, death rate on waiting list, kidney shortage, xeno organs as bridges before allografts, epidemiology of cerebral death, and revisiting indications for organ transplantation.
Co-administration of metformin and intranasal insulin more effectively restores the metabolic and hormonal parameters in diabetic rats in comparison with monotherapy
Authors: Anna Mikhailovna Stepochkina, Kira Viktorovna Derkach, Andrey Andreevich Bakhtyukov, Vera Mikhailovna Bondareva, Natalia Evgenievna Basova, Alexander Olegovich Shpakov
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
Transseptal Conduction Time in Human Heart
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spontaneous pneumopericardium.
Authors: A A Gossage, P W Robertson, S F Stephenson
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Spontaneous pneumopericardium is a relatively rare event, although cases have been recorded over the past 130 years. Many were associated with malignancy, trauma, infection or as a complication of recent surgery. Attempts at surgical resolution have been infrequent and survival extremely rare. We describe a patient in whom pneumopericardium developed spontaneously and insidiously, probably being present for some weeks before hospital investigation. Surgical exploration revealed the cause to be a benign gastric ulcer without an hiatus hernia or other diaphragmatic defect. Repair was attempted but the patient died in the early postoperative period. From an extensive review of the literature it is clear that spontaneous perforation of a gastric ulcer into the pericardium must be less rare than some authors have suggested.
Editorial: Pot and potency.
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Pot and PotencyThe subjective effects of taking marihuana appear to re- late to the user's personality and expectations and their interaction with the environment in which he happens to be.Though the subject's behaviour is usually relaxed, sexual hallucinations have been reported, and some maintain that they experience increased sexual interest and activity.Objective evidence for these effects is scarce.Kolansky and Moore' claimed that long-term use of marihuana by adolescents was associated with loss of sexual inhibitions and increased
mRNA and gene editing: Late breaking therapies in liver diseases
Authors: Nerea Zabaleta, Laura Torella, Nicholas D. Weber, Gloria Gonzalez‐Aseguinolaza
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract The efficient delivery of RNA molecules to restore the expression of a missing or inadequately functioning protein in a target cell and the intentional specific modification of the host genome using engineered nucleases represent therapeutic concepts that are revolutionizing modern medicine. The initiation of several clinical trials using these approaches to treat metabolic liver disorders as well as the recently reported remarkable results obtained by patients with transthyretin amyloidosis highlight the advances in this field and show the potential of these therapies to treat these diseases safely and efficaciously. These advances have been possible due, firstly, to significant improvements made in RNA chemistry that increase its stability and prevent activation of the innate immune response and, secondly, to the development of very efficient liver‐targeted RNA delivery systems. In parallel, the breakout of CRISPR/CRISPR‐associated 9–based technology in the gene editing field has marked a turning point in in vivo modification of the cellular genome with therapeutic purposes, which can be based on gene supplementation, correction, or silencing. In the coming years we are likely to witness the therapeutic potential of these two strategies both separately and in combination. In this review we summarize the preclinical data obtained in animal models treated with mRNA as a therapeutic agent and discuss the different gene editing strategies applied to the treatment of liver diseases, highlighting both their therapeutic efficacy as well as safety concerns.