tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of hyperparathyroidism
Authors: W. Lineaweaver
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Jorg Kleeff, David C. Whitcomb, Tooru Shimosegawa, Irene Esposito, Markus M. Lerch, Thomas Gress, Julia Mayerle, Asbjørn Mohr Drewes, Vinciane Rebours, Fatih Akisik, J. Enrique Domínguez Muñoz, John P. Neoptolemos
Journal: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2017)
Myocarditis With COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines
Authors: Biykem Bozkurt, Ishan Kamat, Peter J. Hotez
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Myocarditis has been recognized as a rare complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccinations, especially in young adult and adolescent males. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, myocarditis/pericarditis rates are ≈12.6 cases per million doses of second-dose mRNA vaccine among individuals 12 to 39 years of age. In reported cases, patients with myocarditis invariably presented with chest pain, usually 2 to 3 days after a second dose of mRNA vaccination, and had elevated cardiac troponin levels. ECG was abnormal with ST elevations in most, and cardiac MRI was suggestive of myocarditis in all tested patients. There was no evidence of acute COVID-19 or other viral infections. In 1 case, a cardiomyopathy gene panel was negative, but autoantibody levels against certain self-antigens and frequency of natural killer cells were increased. Although the mechanisms for development of myocarditis are not clear, molecular mimicry between the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and self-antigens, trigger of preexisting dysregulated immune pathways in certain individuals, immune response to mRNA, and activation of immunologic pathways, and dysregulated cytokine expression have been proposed. The reasons for male predominance in myocarditis cases are unknown, but possible explanations relate to sex hormone differences in immune response and myocarditis, and also underdiagnosis of cardiac disease in women. Almost all patients had resolution of symptoms and signs and improvement in diagnostic markers and imaging with or without treatment. Despite rare cases of myocarditis, the benefit-risk assessment for COVID-19 vaccination shows a favorable balance for all age and sex groups; therefore, COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for everyone ≥12 years of age.
Diaphragmatic dysfunction
Authors: J. Ricoy, N. Rodríguez-Núñez, J.M. Álvarez-Dobaño, M.E. Toubes, V. Riveiro, L. Valdés
Journal: Pulmonology (2018)

The diaphragm is the main breathing muscle and contraction of the diaphragm is vital for ventilation so any disease that interferes with diaphragmatic innervation, contractile muscle function, or mechanical coupling to the chest wall can cause diaphragm dysfunction. Diaphragm dysfunction is associated with dyspnoea, intolerance to exercise, sleep disturbances, hypersomnia, with a potential impact on survival. Diagnosis of diaphragm dysfunction is based on static and dynamic imaging tests (especially ultrasound) and pulmonary function and phrenic nerve stimulation tests. Treatment will depend on the symptoms and causes of the disease. The management of diaphragm dysfunction may include observation in asymptomatic patients with unilateral dysfunction, surgery (i.e., plication of the diaphragm), placement of a diaphragmatic pacemaker or invasive and/or non-invasive mechanical ventilation in symptomatic patients with bilateral paralysis of the diaphragm. This type of patient should be treated in experienced centres. This review aims to provide an overview of the problem, with special emphasis on the diseases that cause diaphragmatic dysfunction and the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures most commonly employed in clinical practice. The ultimate goal is to establish a standard of care for diaphragmatic dysfunction.
This Week in JAMA
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1993)

Owing to a printer's error in the Author's Response of Daniel Pérusse's “Cultural and reproductive success in industrial societies: Testing the relationship at the proximate and ultimate levels,” BBS 16(2) 1993, two lines were transposed. On p. 314, the first line of the right-hand column should appear as the first line of the left-hand column on p. 315 and vice versa. The corrected sentences should read: (p. 314, sect. R3.1) The confounding of mating success with male status is accordingly not straightforward, since the status of female partners was unknown and could well have covaried weakly, if at all, with that of respondents; indeed, the strong correlation found between muting success and social status in men suggests that the latter must have “mated down” on many if not most occasions, as is commonly observed in openly polygynous societies (e.g., Dickemann 1981). (pp.314–15, sect. R3.2) In modern human societies, however, many factors contribute to the fact that female choice is unlikely to be absent from any mating occurrence except rape: (1) Pure female-defense polygyny is not encountered; (2) traditional restraints on female choice such as arranged marriages (Whyte 1978) have disappeared; (3) claustration and general control of female sexuality (Dickemann 1981) are nonexistent or highly reduced. For these reasons, any explanation of mating behavior that completely ignores active choice by women (and men) does not seem very compelling.
TIPSS vs variceal band ligation in the secondary prevention of variceal haemorrhage in cirrhosis: Preliminary results of a randomised, controlled study R.Jalan, E.H.Forrest, D.N.Redhead J.F.Dillon, K.I.Bzeizi, *N.D.C.Finlayson, *A.J.MacGilchrist, P.C.Hayes. *Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders, Dept of Medicine and Radiology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh
Journal: Hepatology (1995)
Burn injury
Authors: Marc G. Jeschke, Margriet E. van Baar, Mashkoor A. Choudhry, Kevin K. Chung, Nicole S. Gibran, Sarvesh Logsetty
Journal: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2020)

Burn injuries are under-appreciated injuries that are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly severe burns, are accompanied by an immune and inflammatory response, metabolic changes and distributive shock that can be challenging to manage and can lead to multiple organ failure. Of great importance is that the injury affects not only the physical health, but also the mental health and quality of life of the patient. Accordingly, patients with burn injury cannot be considered recovered when the wounds have healed; instead, burn injury leads to long-term profound alterations that must be addressed to optimize quality of life. Burn care providers are, therefore, faced with a plethora of challenges including acute and critical care management, long-term care and rehabilitation. The aim of this Primer is not only to give an overview and update about burn care, but also to raise awareness of the ongoing challenges and stigmata associated with burn injuries.
Return-to-play and performance after operative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture in elite male athletes: a scoping review
Authors: Christopher M LaPrade, Deepak V Chona, Mark E Cinque, Michael T Freehill, Timothy R McAdams, Geoffrey D Abrams, Seth L Sherman, Marc R Safran
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2022)

Objective To examine the current evidence regarding return-to-play (RTP) and performance after Achilles tendon rupture in elite athletes treated with operative intervention. Design Scoping review. Data sources Published sources identified through a PubMed search of elite athletes, defined as professional or division one collegiate athletes in baseball, basketball, American football or soccer. Methods Our search yielded a total of 2402 studies, with 13 studies fulfilling the study criteria of reporting elite athletes with objective measures of their athletic performance. A total of 709 elite athletes were included from the NBA, NFL, Major League Baseball (MLB), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football and professional soccer. Results and discussion Overall, 61%–100% of elite male athletes RTP after Achilles tendon rupture and operative repair. NBA players had inferior performance compared with their preoperative status as well as controls of non-injured players. Studies did not show significantly different performance after Achilles injury for MLB players. Professional soccer, NFL and NCAA football studies reported varying performance after injury. Conclusions Evidence suggests that sports with explosive plantarflexion demands, such as basketball, may be associated with a greater decrease in performance despite operative intervention after Achilles rupture.
Precipitation variability and risk of infectious disease in children under 5 years for 32 countries: a global analysis using Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Anna Dimitrova, Sara McElroy, Morgan Levy, Alexander Gershunov, Tarik Benmarhnia
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

BackgroundPrecipitation variability is a potentially important driver of infectious diseases that are leading causes of child morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disentangling the links between precipitation variability and disease risk is crucial in a changing climate. We aimed to investigate the links between precipitation variability and reported symptoms of infectious disease (cough, fever, and diarrhoea) in children younger than 5 years.MethodsWe used nationally representative survey data collected between 2014 and 2019 from Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) surveys for 32 low-income to middle-income countries in combination with high-resolution precipitation data (via the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station dataset). We only included DHS data for which interview dates and GPS coordinates (latitude and longitude) of household clusters were available. We used a regression modelling approach to assess the relationship between different precipitation variability measures and infectious disease symptoms (cough, fever, and diarrhoea), and explored the effect modification of different climate zones and disease susceptibility factors.FindingsOur global analysis showed that anomalously wet conditions increase the risk of cough, fever, and diarrhoea symptoms in humid, subtropical regions. These health risks also increased in tropical savanna regions as a result of anomalously dry conditions. Our analysis of susceptibility factors suggests that unimproved sanitation and unsafe drinking water sources are exacerbating these effects, particularly for rural populations and in drought-prone areas in tropical savanna.InterpretationWeather shifts can affect the survival and transmission of pathogens that are particularly harmful to young children. As our findings show, the health burden of climate-sensitive infectious diseases can be substantial and is likely to fall on populations that are already among the most disadvantaged, including households living in remote rural areas and those lacking access to safe water and sanitation infrastructure.FundingUniversity of California, San Diego FY19 Center Launch programme.
CHROMOPHILE CELLS AND CHROMOPHILE ORGANS.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Tuberculosis
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Cellular mechanisms of acute lung injury: implications for future treatment in the adult respiratory distress syndrome Although I agree that antibodies to adhesive molecules will have a role in treating the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as neutrophil activation by C5a forms the basis of the injury I cannot understand why Drs S C Donnelly and C Haslett (April 1992;47: 260-3) fail to give credit to the overriding importance of endotoxaemia.Since there are so many mechanisms and mediators con- cerned in ARDS, just as there are in Gram negative bacterial shock, there has to be a common trigger-that is, usually, lipopoly- saccharide (cf fig 2).It seems that mistrust has arisen from the results of two sets of experiments conducted by Haslett et al, in particular the one in which a synergistic effect of a small dose of lipopoly- saccharide and C5a was seen.Yet in fact endotoxin itself produces C5a.In my ex- periments conducted in 1970-72 it was clear that endotoxin caused acute lung injury with all the features of ARDS.The details of the mechanisms were reviewed by Brigham and Meyrick' in 1986.In recent years several groups have described endotoxaemia at the onset of ARDS.'4Thus I feel sure that the emphasis will switch to means of combating endotoxaemia.
Concanavalin A—induced T-cell—mediated hepatic injury in mice: The role of tumor necrosis factor
Authors: Florian Gantner, Marcel Leist, Ansgar Wilhelm Lohse, Paul Georg Germann, Gisa Tiegs
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Concanavalin A activates T lymphocytes in vitro and causes T-cell-dependent hepatic injury in mice. T lymphocytes were previously identified as effector cells of concanavalin A-induced liver injury. Here we report that hepatic injury is characterized by apoptotic cell death. On concanavalin A challenge, the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF α), interleukin-2, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and interferon-γ were detectable in the circulation of the mice. Pretreatment of mice with anti-mouse TNF-α antiserum protected them from concanavalin A-induced liver injury. Nude mice failed to release TNF-α or interleukin-2 after concanavalin A challenge and were protected from liver injury. Lymph node cell transfer from responder mice to resistant nude mice resulted in susceptibility of the latter towards concanavalin A, i.e., to induction of cytokine release and hepatotoxicity. These experiments suggest that immunocompetent T cells play a pivotal role in concanavalin A-stimulated TNF-α release in vivo. After intravenous administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled concanavalin A to mice, the most fluorescence was found within the liver. In vitro , concanavalin A stimulation of separate cultures of mouse lymph node cells or nonparenchymal liver cells induced the release of minute amounts of TNF, whereas stimulation of cocultures of these cells resulted in production of substantial amounts of TNF-α. These findings may explain the hepatotropic effect of concanavalin A. In conclusion, T-cell-dependent concanavalin A-induced apoptotic liver injury in mice is related to immunological and cytokinemediated disorders and possibly to autoreactive hepatic processes. (Hepatology 1995;21:190-198).
Malaria According to the New Researches.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

"We owe to the Italians not only the name but also much of our knowledge of malaria." Thus Dr. Patrick Manson begins his Introduction to the work, and one of the most eminent of these Italian students of the epidemiology of paludism is Professor Celli. Dr. Manson further says: "I saw the peasants whose sordid lives he describes so graphically, and I saw in operation the economic system which, together with malaria, has reduced these wretched people to what is practically a position of slavery." In the chapter on the history of malaria the author dwells upon the drainage system, the cloacæ and aqueducts of the early Romans, and shows how they had maintained a sanitary city, although surrounded by a deadly malarial zone. Many passages from the ancient Latin writers—Horace, Pliny, etc.,— are quoted, and show the dread with which the surrounding Campagna was regarded at that time. Later,
Pheochromocytoma of the bladder
Authors: K. E. Van Buskirk
Journal: JAMA (1966)

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMAS, having originated from chromaffin tissue, are most frequently associated with the adrenal glands, but may be located in any area along the fetal route of this tissue.<sup>1</sup>The protean origin of these tumors has been recognized by Rosenheim,<sup>2</sup>who has stated that 10% of the pheochromocytomas are bilateral and 10% ectopic. Although 19 cases of pheochromocytoma originating in the urinary bladder have been previously reported,<sup>3-5</sup>only 3 have been diagnosed and located preoperatively.<sup>6-8</sup>This report emphasizes the techniques of preoperative diagnosis of such a tumor. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 34-year-old married white woman was referred to Walter Reed General Hospital with a tentative diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma of the urethra. The patient stated that for a ten-year period, urination was frequently associated with a cataclysmic experience. Upon voiding, the patient experienced "a hurting and throbbing all over as if her blood vessels were going
Rational belief
Authors: Henry E. Kyburg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1983)

Abstract There is a tension between normative and descriptive elements in the theory of rational belief. This tension has been reflected in work in psychology and decision theory as well as in philosophy. Canons of rationality should be tailored to what is humanly feasible. But rationality has normative content as well as descriptive content. A number of issues related to both deductive and inductive logic can be raised. Are there full beliefs – statements that are categorically accepted? Should statements be accepted when they become overwhelmingly probable? What is the structure imposed on these beliefs by rationality? Are they consistent? Are they deductively closed? What parameters, if any, does rational acceptance depend on? How can accepted statements come to be rejected on new evidence Should degrees of belief satisfy the probability calculus? Does conformity to the probability calculus exhaust the rational constraints that can be imposed on partial beliefs? With the acquisition of new evidence, should beliefs change in accord with Bayes' theorem? Are decisions made in accord with the principle of maximizing expected utility? Should they be? A systematic set of answers to these questions is developed on the basis of a probabilistic rule of acceptance and a conception of interval-valued logical probability according to which probabilities are based on known frequencies. This leads to limited deductive closure, a demand for only limited consistency, and the rejection of Bayes' theorem as universally applicable to changes of belief. It also becomes possible, given new evidence, to reject previously accepted statements.
Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab for Previously Treated Stage IV Squamous Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Manuel David Gil-Sierra, María del Pilar Briceño-Casado, Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
GONORRHEA.
Authors: JOHN V. SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

<h3>ACUTE GONORRHEA.</h3> This young man has suffered from acute gonorrhea for six days. It is his first attack. The period of inoculation was three days. There is an abundant discharge and intense pain on micturition. The prepuce and scrotum are greatly swollen. A second man presents analogous symptoms and history. Four days after exposure he was attacked by sharp, stinging pain upon passing urine. A discharge, thin at first but which rapidly became thick and copious, soon developed. The disease has now been fully established for five days. There is some tenderness in both testicles and he has been troubled by chordee. There need seldom be any difficulty in the diagnosis of gonorrhea. The muco-purulent discharge excited by the presence of a urethral chancre is sometimes sufficiently abundant to simulate gonorrhea. A chancre in that situation, however, can be readily recognized by the induration which it produces. The purulent flow