tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Shoe Shop
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Klaus F. Rabe, Suzanne Hurd, Antonio Anzueto, Peter J. Barnes, Sonia A. Buist, Peter Calverley, Yoshinosuke Fukuchi, Christine Jenkins, Roberto Rodriguez-Roisin, Chris van Weel, Jan Zielinski
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<CONTENTSINTRODUCTION1. DEFINITION, CLASSIFICA...2. BURDEN OF COPD3. THE FOUR COMPONENTS OF...4. TRANSLATING GUIDELINE ...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Serum potassium determination. A useful laboratory tool
Authors: W. D. Snively
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Flame measurement of the serum level of potassium one of the most accurate of laboratory tests. However accurately performed, the serum potassium determination has certain limitations. Thus, one must bear in mind that the serum potassium level measures the concentration of potassium in the extracellular fluid, not the total body potassium or the potassium of the cells. In an adult whose total body potassium is 3,000 mEq, only 50 to 70 mEq normally is present in the extracellular fluid. This extracellular potassium slowly exchanges with the cellular potassium through the permeable cell membrane when stimulated by changes in the pH of the extracellular fluid. <h3>Potassium in Transit</h3> Of several factors that determine the extracellular level of potassium, only one is the cellular store. Since the cells gain or lose potassium via the extracellular fluid—a sort of middleman fluid—the serum potassium level really represents<i>potassium in transit</i>. A low, normal, or
Dementia risk in a diverse population: A single-region nested case-control study in the East End of London
Authors: Phazha L.K. Bothongo, Mark Jitlal, Eve Parry, Sheena Waters, Isabelle F. Foote, Cameron J. Watson, Jack Cuzick, Gavin Giovannoni, Ruth Dobson, Alastair J. Noyce, Naaheed Mukadam, Jonathan P. Bestwick, Charles R. Marshall
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2022)

Most evidence about dementia risk comes from relatively affluent people of White European ancestry. We aimed to determine the association between ethnicity, area level socioeconomic deprivation and dementia risk, and the extent to which variation in risk might be attributable to known modifiable clinical risk factors and health behaviours.In this nested case-control study, we analysed data from primary care medical records of a population of 1,016,277 from four inner East London boroughs, United Kingdom, collected between 2009 and 2018. The outcome measures were odds ratios for dementia according to ethnicity and deprivation, before and after the addition of major modifiable risk factors for dementia; and weighted population attributable risk for comparison between individual risk factors.We identified 4137 dementia cases and 15,754 matched controls (mean age for cases and controls were 80·7 years, (SD 8·7); 81·3 years, (SD 8·9) respectively, range 27-103). Black and South Asian ethnicity were both associated with increased risk of dementia relative to White (odds ratios [95% CI]: Black 1·43 [1·31-1·56]; South Asian 1.17 [1·06-1·29]). Area-level deprivation was independently associated with an increased risk of dementia in a dose-dependent manner. Black and South Asian ethnicity were both associated with a younger age at dementia diagnosis (odds ratios [95%CI]: 0·70 [0·61-0·80] and 0·55 [0·47-0·65], respectively). Population attributable risk was higher for ethnicity (9·7%) and deprivation (11·7%) than for any established modifiable risk factor in this population.Ethnicity and area-level deprivation are independently associated with dementia risk in East London. This effect may not be attributable to the effect of known risk factors.Barts Charity (MGU0366).
Abstract P200: Validity of self-reported hypothyroidism: Associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the CARDIA Study
Authors: Pamela J Schreiner, Sherita Golden, Na Zhu, Martha Daviglus
Journal: Circulation (2012)

BACKGROUND: Hypothyroidism (HYPOT), defined as having low levels of free thyroxine and elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is a common condition linked to many adverse cardiovascular risk factors. Observational studies often rely on self-reported medical history that may or may not accurately reflect the presence of a condition or its adequate control. METHODS: We examined the association between self-reported HYPOT and levels of risk factors commonly altered by HYPOT using the Year 25 (2010-2011) CARDIA Study data. Systolic blood pressure, total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) score were measured using standardized methods. Crude means or geometric means were compared by HYPOT status with t-tests. Least-squared means adjusted for age, race, sex, center, smoking status, education, and BMI were estimated by HYPOT status using linear regression, and repeated with additional adjustment for levothyroxine or synthyroid use. RESULTS: After excluding 48 cases of hyperthyroidism, 4.6% (131/2851) of participants self-reported having HYPOT; mean age was 50.1 years, 55.3% were women, and 52.4% were white. Compared to those without HYPOT, those with HYPOT were more likely to be white (75.6% vs. 51.3%) and women (85.5% vs. 53.9%); crude mean systolic blood pressure was lower (114.9 vs. 120.3 mmHg, p=0.0002) and HDL-c was higher (61.7 vs. 57.9 mg/dL, p=0.03). After multivariable adjustment ( Table ), only BMI and triglycerides differed by HYPOT status. Adjustment for thyroid medication use did not materially alter mean differences. CONCLUSION: Self-reported hypothyroidism was inconsistently associated with risk factors commonly altered by thyroid abnormalities, regardless of medication status. These data suggest that TSH measurement is necessary to accurately identify individuals with low thyroid function leading to risk factor disturbances. Multivariable-adjusted mean risk factor levels by self-reported HYPOT status YES (n=131) NO (n=2720) p-difference SBP (mmHg) 118.6 120.9 0.17 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 194.1 191.0 0.39 HDL-c (mg/dL) 57.4 57.4 0.97 LDL-c (mg/dL) 109.4 110.6 0.74 Triglycerides (mg/dL) * 114.5 100.5 0.021 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 31.5 30.0 0.05 CES-D score 10.8 9.6 0.12 * geometric mean
Abstract 2441: A Controlled Randomized Trial of Biatrial Ablation for Curing Long-lasting Permanent Atrial Fibrillation (The Decomplex Trial)
Authors: Giuseppe Augello, Vincenzo Santinelli, Amarild Cuko, Filippo Gugliotta, Gabriele Vicedomini, Enrico Frigoli, Silvia Del Torchio, Simonetta Crisa, Simone Sala, Patrizio Mazzone, Carlo Pappone
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: patients with long-lasting permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) are often destined to remain in AF life-long. In this cohort outcomes of ablation techniques are disappointing, with 20 –74% success rate and 30 –50% repeat procedure. The adjunctive clinical benefit of targeting multiple right and left atrial (LA) sites beyond the pulmonary vein (PV)-LA junction with the aim of achieving acute AF termination has not been prospectively evaluated in a randomized study. Methods and results: 60 patients with permanent atrial fibrillation of more than 1 year duration, with early recurrence after electrical cardioversion and medical therapy with one or more antiarrhythmic agents were enrolled (mean age 59±10, mean AF duration 60 months, mean LA dimension 44±7 mm, left ventricular EF &gt;40% in all) and randomized to standard circumferential PV ablation (CPVA, control group, N=30) or an extended CPVA schema targeting also inferior LA, atrial septum, LA appendage, coronary sinus and right atrium (test group, N=30). In the test group the procedural endpoint was sinus rhythm (SR) restoration by radiofrequency energy; at each step average cycle length was measured and ablation was stopped if patient gained SR. In the control group the standard CPVA technique was applied. All patient transmitted daily transtelephonic ECG strips whereas at 3, 6 and 12 months an echocardiogram and a 48 hour Holter was obtained. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy was continued for 3 months after ablation in both group (blanking period in which patients were allowed to undergo electrical cardioversion). AF terminated in 5% and 55% of control and test subjects; mean procedure duration was 66 and 88 minutes in the 2 groups; No significant complications occurred in both groups. After a mean follow-up of 4 months, 67% of control patients were sinus as compared with 83% in the test group (p&lt;0.05). 2 and 2 patient undergoing a repeat procedure for recurrent AF for AF (N=2) and AT (N=2). Acute AF termination was the strongest endpoint of SR maitainance (p&lt;0.01) Conclusion: Preliminary data show that a modified CPVA ablation strategy in patients with permanent AF is associated with acute AF termination in 55% of patients and achieves medium term restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm in 83% of patients.
Abstract 982: Cardiac Restricted {alpha}1A-Adrenergic Receptor Overexpression in the Adult Rodent Heart Induces a Hypersensitive Contractile Response to Adrenergic Stimulation with Reduced Baseline Contractility But No Hypertrophy
Authors: Ze-Yan Yu, Siiri Iismaa, Ju-Chiat Tan, Tadeusz Marcininec, Aisling C McMahon, Danae Sharp, Scott H Kesteven, Xiao-Hui Xiao, Melissa E Reichelt, Zongtao Wang, David Williamson, Robert Graham, Michael P Fenely
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: We have shown that transgenic (TG) mice with cardiac-restricted α1A-adrenergic receptor overexpression (CRα1A-AR) exhibit enhanced left ventricular (LV) contractility but not hypertroph...
Abstract 136: Family Member Perceptions of Decision-Making for Comatose Survivors of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Sarah M Perman, Bonnie Siry, Jennifer A Reich, Benjamin S Abella, Stacie L Daugherty, Edward P Havranek
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is an unexpected event that can render patients incapable of decision-making, requiring a surrogate decision maker (SDM), most often a family member, to be engaged. Yet how SDMs understand the information provided, and how they view their experience of making decisions for cardiac arrest patients is not well understood. Methods: This inductive qualitative study utilized data from semi-structured open-ended interviews with SDMs for OHCA patients. SDMs were approached: 1) at the bedside for consent to contact; and 2) 30 days after discharge/death to consent to interview. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, recorded, and transcribed for analysis. Transcripts were read in entirety and thematically coded by two investigators. Results: Over a 5-month period (1/18-5/18), 7 SDMs consented; however, 11 individuals were interviewed, as 3 SDMs invited family members to join the interviews. SDMs were living spouses (2), adult children (2), a parent (1) and siblings (2). Within this sample, 71.4% (5/7) of SDMs decided to withdraw life sustaining therapy or discontinue resuscitative efforts for their family member. Overall, experiences varied dramatically, with some families reporting a positive experience and others clearly reporting concerns about how the decision making process occurred. Major themes identified that affected the experience of decision-making include how SDMs perceived provider communication style, how they processed medical uncertainty from the providers, confidence in their decisions, and finally, conflict/discordance between the medical team and family. Families identified the following factors that might improve the decision making process for future SDMs; 1) updated “goals for the day”; 2) access to medical records; 3) Access to protocols for post-arrest patients; 4) a consistent liaison to the medical team; 5) consistent messaging amongst the care team. Conclusions: In this sample of SDMs, experiences with decision-making were variable. Notably, communication factors predominated in SDMs experience with decision-making. Finally, multiple important factors were identified to assist future SDMs in decision making for post-OHCA patients.
Mechanistic flexibility of the retrosplenial cortex enables its contribution to spatial cognition
Authors: Martin Stacho, Denise Manahan-Vaughan
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2022)

The retrosplenial cortex (RC) is a brain structure crucial for spatial navigation and memory. It contains neurons such as head direction cells, border cells, as well as other cells supporting spatial and contextual encoding. How such complex and diverse neuronal properties are generated by RC microcircuitry and how they jointly orchestrate subsequent behavior remains enigmatic. Here, we consider recent findings that extend current knowledge about how the RC modulates spatial navigation and spatial cognition. We argue that the integrative properties of RC allow the combination of idiothetic cues, spatial relations (allocentric and egocentric), and environmental features (landmarks, boundaries, etc.) into a spatial map that can dynamically support goal-directed navigation. Furthermore, the mnemonic functions of RC suggest its possible role in autobiographical information storage.
Impact of COVID-19 on case fatality rate of patients with cancer during the Omicron wave
Authors: Matthew Lee, Ryann Quinn, Kith Pradhan, Kateryna Fedorov, David Levitz, Ariel Fromowitz, Astha Thakkar, Lauren C. Shapiro, Rafi Kabarriti, Rafael E. Ruiz, Erin M. Andrews, Raja Thota, Edward Chu, Shalom Kalnicki, Yitz Goldstein, David Loeb, Andrew Racine, Balazs Halmos, Vikas Mehta, Amit Verma
Journal: Cancer Cell (2022)
Comments on the CAIRO4 Trial Secondary Outcomes Report—Reply
Authors: Dave E. W. van der Kruijssen, Sjoerd G. Elias, Johannes H. W. de Wilt
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
International Consensus Recommendations for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Nomenclature
Authors: Evan S. Dellon, Nirmala Gonsalves, J. Pablo Abonia, Jeffrey A. Alexander, Nicoleta C. Arva, Dan Atkins, Stephen E. Attwood, Marcus K.H. Auth, Dominique D. Bailey, Luc Biederman, Carine Blanchard, Peter A. Bonis, Paroma Bose, Albert J. Bredenoord, Joy W. Chang, Mirna Chehade, Margaret H. Collins, Carlo Di Lorenzo, Jorge Amil Dias, Ranjan Dohil, Christophe Dupont, Gary W. Falk, Cristina T. Ferreira, Adam T. Fox, Robert M. Genta, Thomas Greuter, Sandeep K. Gupta, Ikuo Hirano, Girish S. Hiremath, Jennifer L. Horsley-Silva, Shunji Ishihara, Norihisa Ishimura, Elizabeth T. Jensen, Carolina Gutiérrez-Junquera, David A. Katzka, Paneez Khoury, Yoshikazu Kinoshita, Kara L. Kliewer, Sibylle Koletzko, John Leung, Chris A. Liacouras, Alfredo J. Lucendo, Lisa J. Martin, Emily C. McGowan, Calies Menard-Katcher, David C. Metz, Talya L. Miller, Fouad J. Moawad, Amanda B. Muir, Vincent A. Mukkada, Simon Murch, Quan M. Nhu, Ichiro Nomura, Samuel Nurko, Yoshikazu Ohtsuka, Salvatore Oliva, Rok Orel, Alexandra Papadopoulou, Dhyanesh A. Patel, Robert D. Pesek, Kathryn A. Peterson, Hamish Philpott, Philip E. Putnam, Joel E. Richter, Rachel Rosen, Melanie A. Ruffner, Ekaterina Safroneeva, Philipp Schreiner, Alain Schoepfer, Shauna R. Schroeder, Neil Shah, Rhonda F. Souza, Stuart J. Spechler, Jonathan M. Spergel, Alex Straumann, Nicholas J. Talley, Nikhil Thapar, Yvan Vandenplas, Rajitha D. Venkatesh, Mario C. Vieira, Ulrike von Arnim, Marjorie M. Walker, Joshua B. Wechsler, Barry K. Wershil, Benjamin L. Wright, Yoshiyuki Yamada, Guang-Yu Yang, Noam Zevit, Marc E. Rothenberg, Glenn T. Furuta, Seema S. Aceves
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
Medical schools without walls. Self-instruction abroad
Authors: D. A. Loiterman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A fraction of American citizens who are denied acceptance to domestic medical schools complete all or part of their education abroad. The different modes of instruction these students experience are discussed, as well as possible factors that lead a student to use one mode above another. The role of self-instruction in medical education is examined. Additionally, preclinical subject matter taught in a domestic institution is compared quantitatively in 4,067 categories with a curriculum offered in a foreign institution, as well as with a self-designed curriculum. Based on test performance on part 1 of the National Board of Medical Examiner's examination, we conclude that self-instruction can be an effective method for learning the basic science aspects of a medical school curriculum. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1801-1803)
Prevalence of Fanconi anemia gene mutations among men undergoing multigene germline testing for prostate cancer: Interim results from the EMPOWeR study.
Authors: Veda N. Giri, Laura Gross, Jessica Russo, Ayako Shimada, Christopher McNair, William Kevin Kelly, Leonard G. Gomella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

188 Background: Germline testing for prostate cancer (PCA) is now central to treatment, screening, and hereditary cancer management. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is a key DNA repair pathway involved in PCA biology and treatment. Prevalence of FA genes BRCA2, PALB2, and BRIP1 is well-described; however, multiple other FA genes are not routinely tested, with limited prevalence data. Here we report mutation prevalence of a spectrum of FA genes among men undergoing PCA multigene testing on the Evaluation and Management for Prostate Oncology, Wellness, and Risk (EMPOWeR) study. Methods: Eligibility includes any male with PCA or at-risk for PCA. Multigene testing includes 51 genes; FA pathway genes include BRCA2, PALB2, BRIP1, FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCL, and FANCM. Multiple additional cancer risk genes were tested. Fisher’s exact tests were conducted to compare the prevalence of FA gene mutations between participants in the EMPOWeR study vs population prevalence reported in the literature. Statistical significance level of all tests was set a priori to 0.05. Results: The current cohort includes 235 participants. Characteristics are White (83.3%), Black (13.7%), PCA diagnosis (83.4%), mean age of PCA diagnosis 61.7 + 7.69 years, Gleason score &gt;=7 (66.2%), and T3 or higher (29.4%). Genetic results were available for 179 participants. Overall, 11.1% of participants (n=20) had a pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutation identified. Among mutation carriers, 45% (n=9) had mutations in FA genes, including FANCA (n=3), BRCA2 (n=2), FANCM (n=1), FANCD2 (n=1), PALB2 (n=1), and BRIP1 (n=1). Table shows clinical characteristics of participants with mutations in FANCA, FANCM, and FANCD2. Further mutation spectrum included: CHEK2 (n=3), NBN (n=2), MUTYH (n=2), BRCA (n=1), ATM (n=1), HOXB13 (n=1), APC (n=1). Compared to population prevalence, FA mutation prevalence was significantly higher overall (5.0% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.010) and among mutation carriers (45% vs. 0.6%, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: While prevalence of FA genes BRCA2, PALB2, and BRIP1 is well-described, our study supports testing a broader range of FA genes given the prevalence rates, potential implications for clinical trials, targeted therapy, inherited syndromes, and reproductive implications.[Table: see text]
Dissociative Disorders
Authors: John F. Kihlstrom
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2004)

The dissociative disorders, including "psychogenic" or "functional" amnesia, fugue, dissociative identity disorder (DID, also known as multiple personality disorder), and depersonalization disorder, were once classified, along with conversion disorder, as forms of hysteria. The 1970s witnessed an "epidemic" of dissociative disorder, particularly DID, which may have reflected enthusiasm for the diagnosis more than its actual prevalence. Traditionally, the dissociative disorders have been attributed to trauma and other psychological stress, but the existing evidence favoring this hypothesis is plagued by poor methodology. Prospective studies of traumatized individuals reveal no convincing cases of amnesia not attributable to brain insult, injury, or disease. Treatment generally involves recovering and working through ostensibly repressed or dissociated memories of trauma; at present, there are few quantitative or controlled outcome studies. Experimental studies are few in number and have focused largely on state-dependent and implicit memory. Depersonalization disorder may be in line for the next "epidemic" of dissociation.
Early Posttraumatic Seizures—Putting Things in Perspective
Authors: James J. Gugger, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal