tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid maxillary expansion versus watchful waiting in pediatric OSA: A systematic review
Authors: Marcos Fernández-Barriales, Irene Lafuente-Ibáñez de Mendoza, Juan Julián Alonso-Fernández Pacheco, José Manuel Aguirre-Urizar
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2022)

Spontaneous resolution of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may stand behind the observed benefit of rapid maxillary expansion (RME), mainly supported by uncontrolled case series. We aimed to review the controlled, ideally randomized, evidence on the effectiveness of RME as compared to watchful waiting or alternative treatment of pediatric OSA. We only found one randomized clinical trial comparing RME with watchful waiting. The other four studies compared RME with the gold-standard treatment adenotonsillectomy, three of them in a non-randomized fashion. The results of the RCT showed no statistically significant differences in the enhancement of main (apnea hypopnea index, AHI) and secondary outcomes between RME and watchful waiting. Furthermore, reproducibility of the published studies was limited by insufficient description of their patients' inclusion criteria. We could not find convincing evidence of the benefit of RME over watchful waiting in patients with pediatric OSA. RCTs with reproducible inclusion criteria comparing RME with watchful waiting are still critically needed to support this intervention for the treatment of pediatric OSA. In the absence of solid evidence with RCT, RME should not be recommended for the treatment of pediatric OSA. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021249261. RUNNING SUMMARY: This systematic review explores the benefits of rapid maxillary expansion compared to spontaneous resolution of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Spectrum of Foveal Hypoplasia
Authors: Helen J. Kuht, Gail D.E. Maconachie, Jinu Han, Line Kessel, Maria M. van Genderen, Rebecca J. McLean, Michael Hisaund, Zhanhan Tu, Richard W. Hertle, Karen Gronskov, Dayong Bai, Aihua Wei, Wei Li, Yonghong Jiao, Vasily Smirnov, Jae-Hwan Choi, Martin D. Tobin, Viral Sheth, Ravi Purohit, Basu Dawar, Ayesha Girach, Sasha Strul, Laura May, Fred K. Chen, Rachael C. Heath Jeffery, Abdullah Aamir, Ronaldo Sano, Jing Jin, Brian P. Brooks, Susanne Kohl, Benoit Arveiler, Lluis Montoliu, Elizabeth C. Engle, Frank A. Proudlock, Garima Nishad, Prateek Pani, Girish Varma, Irene Gottlob, Mervyn G. Thomas
Journal: Ophthalmology (2022)

To characterize the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of foveal hypoplasia (FH).Multicenter, observational study.A total of 907 patients with a confirmed molecular diagnosis of albinism, PAX6, SLC38A8, FRMD7, AHR, or achromatopsia from 12 centers in 9 countries (n = 523) or extracted from publicly available datasets from previously reported literature (n = 384).Individuals with a confirmed molecular diagnosis and availability of foveal OCT scans were identified from 12 centers or from the literature between January 2011 and March 2021. A genetic diagnosis was confirmed by sequence analysis. Grading of FH was derived from OCT scans.Grade of FH, presence or absence of photoreceptor specialization (PRS+ vs. PRS-), molecular diagnosis, and visual acuity (VA).The most common genetic etiology for typical FH in our cohort was albinism (67.5%), followed by PAX6 (21.8%), SLC38A8 (6.8%), and FRMD7 (3.5%) variants. AHR variants were rare (0.4%). Atypical FH was seen in 67.4% of achromatopsia cases. Atypical FH in achromatopsia had significantly worse VA than typical FH (P < 0.0001). There was a significant difference in the spectrum of FH grades based on the molecular diagnosis (chi-square = 60.4, P < 0.0001). All SLC38A8 cases were PRS- (P = 0.003), whereas all FRMD7 cases were PRS+ (P < 0.0001). Analysis of albinism subtypes revealed a significant difference in the grade of FH (chi-square = 31.4, P < 0.0001) and VA (P = 0.0003) between oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) compared with ocular albinism (OA) and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS). Ocular albinism and HPS demonstrated higher grades of FH and worse VA than OCA. There was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in VA between FRMD7 variants compared with other diagnoses associated with FH.We characterized the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of FH. Atypical FH is associated with a worse prognosis than all other forms of FH. In typical FH, our data suggest that arrested retinal development occurs earlier in SLC38A8, OA, HPS, and AHR variants and later in FRMD7 variants. The defined time period of foveal developmental arrest for OCA and PAX6 variants seems to demonstrate more variability. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into disorders associated with FH and have significant prognostic and diagnostic value.
EUS versus MRCP to perform ERCP in patients with intermediate likelihood of choledocholithiasis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nitin Jagtap, J Kiran Kumar, Radhika Chavan, Jahangeer Basha, Manu Tandan, Sundeep Lakhtakia, Rakesh Kalapala, Zaheer Nabi, Rajesh Gupta, Mohan Ramchandani, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Manohar Reddy, Raghavendra Yarlagadda, Jagadish Singh, Sana Fatima Memon, G Venkat Rao, D Nageshwar Reddy
Journal: Gut (2022)

Objective In patients with an intermediate likelihood of choledocholithiasis, European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guidelines recommend endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) to diagnose choledocholithiasis to make the indication for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) treatment; there is no randomised control trial to compare both in this setting. Design Patients with suspected choledocholithiasis satisfying ESGE guideline’s intermediate likelihood were screened for this single-centre randomised controlled trial between November 2019 and May 2020. The enrolled patients were randomised to either EUS or MRCP. ERCP was performed in stone positive cases or if clinical suspicion persisted during follow-up. Negative cases underwent a further 6-month clinical follow-up. Main outcome was accuracy (sensitivity/specificity) of both tests to diagnose choledocholithiasis, with ERCP or follow-up as a gold standard. Results Of 266 patients, 224 patients (mean age: 46.77±14.57 years; 50.9 % female) were enrolled; overall prevalence of choledocholithiasis was 49.6%, with a higher frequency in the MRCP group (63/112 vs 46/112 for EUS). Both sensitivity of EUS and MRCP were similarly high (92%–98%), without significant differences between the two groups. The negative predictive value and likelihood ratio + were significantly higher in EUS arm (p&lt;0.05). The percentage of ERCPs either incorrectly halted back (false negatives: EUS: 2 vs MRCP: 5) or performed unnecessarily (false positives: EUS: 1 vs MRCP: 2) was low in both groups. Conclusion The performance parameters of both EUS and MRCP are comparable for detecting choledocholithiasis in the intermediate-risk group of choledocholithiasis and the choice of a test should be based on local expertise, availability of resources and patient preference. Trial registration number NCT04173624 .
ACC/AHA guidelines for percutaneous coronary intervention (revision of the 1993 PTCA guidelines)31This document was approved by the American College of Cardiology Board of Trustees in April 2001 and by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee in March 2001.32When citing this document, the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association would appreciate the following citation format: Smith SC, Jr, Dove JT, Jacobs AK, Kennedy JW, Kereiakes D, …
Authors: Sidney C. Smith, James T. Dove, Alice K. Jacobs, J. Ward Kennedy, Dean Kereiakes, Morton J. Kern, Richard E. Kuntz, Jeffery J. Popma, Hartzell V. Schaff, David O. Williams, Raymond J. Gibbons, Joseph P. Alpert, Kim A. Eagle, David P. Faxon, Valentin Fuster, Timothy J. Gardner, Gabriel Gregoratos, Richard O. Russell, Sidney C. Smith
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Targeting a novel inducible GPX4 alternative isoform to alleviate ferroptosis and treat metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Jie Tong, Dongjie Li, Hongbo Meng, Diyang Sun, Xiuting Lan, Min Ni, Jiawei Ma, Feiyan Zeng, Sijia Sun, Jiangtao Fu, Guoqiang Li, Qingxin Ji, Guoyan Zhang, Qirui Shen, Yuanyuan Wang, Jiahui Zhu, Yi Zhao, Xujie Wang, Yi Liu, Shenxi Ouyang, Chunquan Sheng, Fuming Shen, Pei Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which is previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), represents a major health concern worldwide with limited therapy. Here, we provide evidence that ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-driven lipid peroxidation, was comprehensively activated in liver tissues from MAFLD patients. The canonical-GPX4 (cGPX4), which is the most important negative controller of ferroptosis, is downregulated at protein but not mRNA level. Interestingly, a non-canonical GPX4 transcript-variant is induced (inducible-GPX4, iGPX4) in MAFLD condition. The high fat-fructose/sucrose diet (HFFD) and methionine/choline-deficient diet (MCD)-induced MAFLD pathologies, including hepatocellular ballooning, steatohepatitis and ﬁbrosis, were attenuated and aggravated, respectively, in cGPX4-and iGPX4-knockin mice. cGPX4 and iGPX4 isoforms also displayed opposing effects on oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hepatocytes. Knockdown of iGPX4 by siRNA alleviated lipid stress, ferroptosis and cell injury. Mechanistically, the triggered iGPX4 interacts with cGPX4 to facilitate the transformation of cGPX4 from enzymatic-active monomer to enzymatic-inactive oligomers upon lipid stress, and thus promotes ferroptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation and nano LC-MS/MS analyses confirmed the interaction between iGPX4 and cGPX4. Our results reveal a detrimental role of non-canonical GPX4 isoform in ferroptosis, and indicate selectively targeting iGPX4 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for MAFLD.
LETTER FROM NEW YORK.
Authors: None P. B. P.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) Although the profession may not be in entire accord as to the practical contagiousness of leprosy, there can be little question of the propriety of the action of the health authorities in isolating in a hospital tent on North Brothers Island the two Chinese lepers recently discovered in this city. What the final disposition of the patients may be is as yet somewhat uncertain, but it seems probable that they will eventually be returned to their native country. One of them is said to be possessed of ample means, and the United States Government may perhaps provide for the return of the other. The action referred to was taken in accordance with the suggestions made in a special report upon the subject presented by Dr. Cyrus Edson, Chief of the Bureau of Contagious Disease. In this report Dr. Edson refers to the fact that numerous competent
The lung microbiome: progress and promise
Authors: Samantha A. Whiteside, John E. McGinniss, Ronald G. Collman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

The healthy lung was long thought of as sterile, but recent advances using molecular sequencing approaches have detected bacteria at low levels. Healthy lung bacteria largely reflect communities present in the upper respiratory tract that enter the lung via microaspiration, which is balanced by mechanical and immune clearance and likely involves limited local replication. The nature and dynamics of the lung microbiome, therefore, differ from those of ecological niches with robust self-sustaining microbial communities. Aberrant populations (dysbiosis) have been demonstrated in many pulmonary diseases not traditionally considered microbial in origin, and potential pathways of microbe-host crosstalk are emerging. The question now is whether and how dysbiotic microbiota contribute to initiation or perpetuation of injury. The fungal microbiome and virome are less well studied. This Review highlights features of the lung microbiome, unique considerations in studying it, examples of dysbiosis in selected disease, emerging concepts in lung microbiome-host interactions, and critical areas for investigation.
Hospital Library.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PARG inhibition limits HCC progression and potentiates the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy
Authors: Mincheng Yu, Zheng Chen, Qiang Zhou, Bo Zhang, Jinlong Huang, Lei Jin, Binghai Zhou, Shuang Liu, Jiuliang Yan, Xiaoqiang Li, Wentao Zhang, Chunxiao Liu, Bo Hu, Peiyao Fu, Chenhao Zhou, Yongfeng Xu, Yongsheng Xiao, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, Ning Ren, Mien-Chie Hung, Lei Guo, Hui Li, Qinghai Ye
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2022)
Gorham Syndrome
Authors: Giovacchino Pedicelli
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>History</h3> An 18-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a history of sudden onset of dyspnea, cough, fever, and pain in the left hemithorax. A posteroanterior roentgenogram of the chest (Fig 1) showed a large pleural effusion on the left side. A suggestive mass lesion was observed in the area of the aortic arch, projecting laterally into the left hemithorax. Gross alteration in the bony architecture of the left scapula and uppermost segment of the left humerus was identified, reflecting the presence of confluent, osteolytic lesions in these structures. The left clavicle also was affected. A left-sided thoracentesis was performed; 2,500 mL of chylous fluid was obtained. A posteroanterior roentgenogram of the left shoulder area (Fig 2) obtained eight years previously (when the patient was 10 years old) because of an attack of myositis showed similar abnormalities affecting the scapula, again manifested by the presence of multiple, confluent, osteolytic
Précis of<i>Origins of the modern mind: Three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition</i>
Authors: Merlin Donald
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1993)

Abstract This book proposes a theory of human cognitive evolution, drawing from paleontology, linguistics, anthropology, cognitive science, and especially neuropsychology. The properties of humankind's brain, culture, and cognition have coevolved in a tight iterative loop; the main event in human evolution has occurred at the cognitive level, however, mediating change at the anatomical and cultural levels. During the past two million years humans have passed through three major cognitive transitions, each of which has left the human mind with a new way of representing reality and a new form of culture. Modern humans consequently have three systems of memory representation that were not available to our closest primate relatives: mimetic skill, language, and external symbols. These three systems are supported by new types of “hard” storage devices, two of which (mimetic and linguistic) are biological, one technological. Full symbolic literacy consists of a complex of skills for interacting with the external memory system. The independence of these three uniquely human ways of representing knowledge is suggested in the way the mind breaks down after brain injury and confirmed by various other lines of evidence. Each of the three systems is based on an inventive capacity, and the products of those capacities – such as languages, symbols, gestures, social rituals, and images – continue to be invented and vetted in the social arena. Cognitive evolution is not yet complete: the externalization of memory has altered the actual memory architecture within which humans think. This is changing the role of biological memory and the way in which the human brain deploys its resources; it is also changing the form of modern culture.
Science, Washington
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Bernard Thébaud, Kara N. Goss, Matthew Laughon, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Steven H. Abman, Robin H. Steinhorn, Judy L. Aschner, Peter G. Davis, Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow, Roger F. Soll, Alan H. Jobe
Journal: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2019)
Bioresponsive Hydrogels
Authors: A. Nolan Wilson, Anthony Guiseppi‐Elie
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Bioresponsive hydrogels are emerging with technological significance in targeted drug delivery, biosensors, and regenerative medicine. Their ability to respond to specific biologically derived stimuli creates a design challenge in effectively linking the conferred biospecificity with an engineered response tailored to the needs of a particular application. Moreover, the fundamental phenomena governing the response must support an appropriate dynamic range, limit of detection, and the potential for feedback control. The design of these systems is inherently complicated due to the high interdependency of the governing phenomena that guide sensing, transduction, and actuation of the hydrogel. Future advancements in bioresponsive hydrogels will out of necessity contain control loops similar to synthetic metabolic pathways. The use of these materials will continue to expand as they become coupled and integrated with new technologies.
PET/CT in Renal, Bladder, and Testicular Cancer
Authors: Kirsten Bouchelouche, Peter L. Choyke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Medical imaging plays an important role in genitourinary cancer patients. PET/CT has emerged as a very powerful tool in the evaluation of cancer patients. In uro-oncology, functional and molecular imaging with PET/CT is increasingly used in the clinical management of the patients. However, in especially renal and bladder cancer there is a need to study the efficacy of other tracers than 18F-FDG, particularly tracers with only limited renal excretion. Thus, new PET agents are being introduced and tested in these malignancies. This review provides an overview on the latest advances in clinical PET/CT and PET/MRI of renal, bladder, and testicular cancer.
The plutonium controversy
Authors: L. A. Sagan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

CONTROVERSY has swirled around a number of issues related to nuclear energy, but ultimately the pivotal and most urgent question is that of possible human effects. To some, concern about plutonium in particular has been so great that they would abort or even dismantle the entire nuclear program for electrical generation. Yet the hazards of plutonium are no greater than those of many other industrial substances. The experience of 30 years supports the contention that plutonium can be used safely. A nuclear energy program can affect public health in only one way— through the routine or accidental release of radioactivity to the environment. The fuel rods that provide the energy source for steam generation are themselves not dangerously radioactive until the fission process begins after start-up. "Fission" refers to splitting of the uranium atom. Literally hundreds of radioactive species result; many are of little biological consequence either because of very
“Significant Activity” for ADC in Ovarian Cancer
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Mirvetuximab soravtansine plus bevacizumab may benefit women with recurrent ovarian cancer and high folate receptor alpha (FRα) expression, regardless of platinum sensitivity. In a phase I/II trial, the combination elicited an objective response rate of 64% and a median progression-free survival of 10.6 months in patients with FRα-high tumors.
Occupational Asthma
Authors: Cristina E. Mapp, Piera Boschetto, Piero Maestrelli, Leonardo M. Fabbri
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<CONTENTSOCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA: DEFI...EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FAC...PATHOPHYSIOLOGYNATURAL HISTORY AND LONG-...CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RE...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Correction
Authors: T Hobday, E Parry, J Kay, Mr Williams, D.-J Clamp, B Harrold, C Polkey, M Voyce, C Williams, A Abdel-Aziz, M Shaqra, R Agrawal, I Ahmad, N Ahmad, A El, H Ahmed, S Ahmed, N Akabi-Davis, A Al-Kubaisy, A Al-Rammah, M Ayres, R Barod, J Cairns, D Cantor, Ming Yee, G Chan, R Chatterjee, I Chaudhary, H Chawla, K Choudhury, R Claxton, G Couris, N Dudley, Sunit Dutta, S Entisham, Abdel-Hamid El-Koshairy, Jean Ellis, Hirak Ghorbal, J Guha, J Harbison, M Hen- Derson, Shaikh Iqbal, D Islam
Journal: BMJ (1968)
Aortic dissection
Authors: Christoph A. Nienaber, Rachel E. Clough, Natzi Sakalihasan, Toru Suzuki, Richard Gibbs, Firas Mussa, Michael P. Jenkins, Matt M. Thompson, Arturo Evangelista, James S. M. Yeh, Nicholas Cheshire, Ulrich Rosendahl, John Pepper
Journal: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2016)
Table of Contents
Authors: K Moore, A Du Bois, P Tarantino, H Burstein, N Lin, I Krop, E Winer, S Schnitt, E Hamilton, S Hurvitz, H Rugo, G Curigliano, S Tolaney, E Bachy, G Salles, Anishka D'souza, Varsha Tulpule, Peter Zang, David Quinn, T Powles, J Bellmunt, E Comperat, M De Santis, R Huddart, Y Loriot, A Necchi, B Valderrama, A Ravaud, S Shariat, B Szabados, M Van Der Heijden, S Gillessen
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: C. Lazarus
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A radiopharmaceutical can be defined as 'a radioactive material in a form suitable for administration to a human for the purposes of therapy or diagnostic investigation'. The majority of these materials are for diagnostic purposes, and this chapter is mainly concerned with those radiopharmaceuticals which are designed or formulated such that after administration they will localize in the body organ or system under investigation. The radiations from the radionuclide within the body can be detected externally using appropriate equipment and usually an image obtained of the normal or abnormal distribution.