tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Professional Soccer and Dementia Risk—The Ugly Side of the Beautiful Game
Authors: Breton M. Asken, Gil D. Rabinovici
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Applying a Life Course Biological Age Framework to Improving the Care of Individuals With Adult Cancers
Authors: Jeanne S. Mandelblatt, Tim A. Ahles, Marc E. Lippman, Claudine Isaacs, Lucile Adams-Campbell, Andrew J. Saykin, Harvey J. Cohen, Judith Carroll
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

The practice of oncology will increasingly involve the care of a growing population of individuals with midlife and late-life cancers. Managing cancer in these individuals is complex, based on differences in biological age at diagnosis. Biological age is a measure of accumulated life course damage to biological systems, loss of reserve, and vulnerability to functional deterioration and death. Biological age is important because it affects the ability to manage the rigors of cancer therapy, survivors' function, and cancer progression. However, biological age is not always clinically apparent. This review presents a conceptual framework of life course biological aging, summarizes candidate measures, and describes a research agenda to facilitate clinical translation to oncology practice.Midlife and late-life cancers are chronic diseases that may arise from cumulative patterns of biological aging occurring over the life course. Before diagnosis, each new patient was on a distinct course of biological aging related to past exposures, life experiences, genetics, and noncancer chronic disease. Cancer and its treatments may also be associated with biological aging. Several measures of biological age, including p16INK4a, epigenetic age, telomere length, and inflammatory and body composition markers, have been used in oncology research. One or more of these measures may be useful in cancer care, either alone or in combination with clinical history and geriatric assessments. However, further research will be needed before biological age assessment can be recommended in routine practice, including determination of situations in which knowledge about biological age would change treatment, ascertaining whether treatment effects on biological aging are short-lived or persistent, and testing interventions to modify biological age, decrease treatment toxic effects, and maintain functional abilities.Understanding differences in biological aging could ultimately allow clinicians to better personalize treatment and supportive care, develop tailored survivorship care plans, and prescribe preventive or ameliorative therapies and behaviors informed by aging mechanisms.
Greenness and eosinophilic asthma: findings from the UK Biobank
Authors: Mingyang Wu, Junqing Xie, Youjie Wang, Yaohua Tian
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>This study suggests a negative association between individual-level exposures to greenness and eosinophilic asthma in adults, providing new evidence to the existing investigations on health effect of green space</b>https://bit.ly/3fVKWS3
Subclone Eradication Analysis Identifies Targets for Enhanced Cancer Therapy and Reveals L1 Retrotransposition as a Dynamic Source of Cancer Heterogeneity
Authors: Kirsi Ketola, Heidi Kaljunen, Sinja Taavitsainen, Roosa Kaarijärvi, Emmi Järvelä, Bernardo Rodríguez-Martín, Kerstin Haase, Dan J. Woodcock, Jose Tubio, David C. Wedge, Matti Nykter, G. Steven Bova
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Treatment-eradicated cancer subclones have been reported in leukemia and have recently been detected in solid tumors. Here we introduce Differential Subclone Eradication and Resistance (DSER) analysis, a method developed to identify molecular targets for improved therapy by direct comparison of genomic features of eradicated and resistant subclones in pre- and posttreatment samples from a patient with BRCA2-deficient metastatic prostate cancer. FANCI and EYA4 were identified as candidate DNA repair-related targets for converting subclones from resistant to eradicable, and RNAi-mediated depletion of FANCI confirmed it as a potential target. The EYA4 alteration was associated with adjacent L1 transposon insertion during cancer evolution upon treatment, raising questions surrounding the role of therapy in L1 activation. Both carboplatin and enzalutamide turned on L1 transposon machinery in LNCaP and VCaP but not in PC3 and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell lines. L1 activation in LNCaP and VCaP was inhibited by the antiretroviral drug azidothymidine. L1 activation was also detected postcastration in LuCaP 77 and LuCaP 105 xenograft models and postchemotherapy in previously published time-series transcriptomic data from SCC25 head and neck cancer cells. In conclusion, DSER provides an informative intermediate step toward effective precision cancer medicine and should be tested in future studies, especially those including dramatic but temporary metastatic tumor regression. L1 transposon activation may be a modifiable source of cancer genomic heterogeneity, suggesting the potential of leveraging newly discovered triggers and blockers of L1 activity to overcome therapy resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: Differential analysis of eradicated and resistant subclones following cancer treatment identifies that L1 activity associated with resistance is induced by current therapies and blocked by the antiretroviral drug azidothymidine.
Increasing Participation of Women in Cardiovascular Trials
Authors: Leslie Cho, Amanda R. Vest, Michelle L. O’Donoghue, Modele O. Ogunniyi, Amy A. Sarma, Kara J. Denby, Emily S. Lau, Jeanne E. Poole, Kathryn J. Lindley, Roxana Mehran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
P-284 Exploratory magnetic resonance imaging histogram biomarkers for response prediction to neoadjuvant treatment in oesophageal/gastro-oesophageal cancer
Authors: K. Owczarczyk, S. Withey, M. Grzeda, C. Yip, A. Qureshi, J. Gossage, A. Davies, G. Cook, V. Goh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Well-Differentiated Bronchopulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: More Than One Entity
Authors: Medard F M van den Broek, Sonja Levy, Wieneke A Buikhuisen, Kim Dijke, Koen J Hartemink, Rachel S van Leeuwaarde, Menno R Vriens, Margot E T Tesselaar, Gerlof D Valk
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)

Until now, well-differentiated bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (bpNET) occurring either sporadically (sp-bpNET) or in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) are regarded as similar entities. However, in contrast to sp-bpNET: MEN1-related and DIPNECH-related bpNET rarely metastasize or lead to bpNET-related death. We aimed to describe and compare the course of the disease of sp-bpNET, DIPNECH- and MEN1-related bpNET.All patients with histologically confirmed MEN1-related bpNET from the DutchMEN Study Group database (1990-2017), patients with resected sp-bpNET and DIPNECH patients referred to a Dutch European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society center between 2000 and 2018 were included. Fisher's exact test was used for comparison between groups. The primary end point was disease-specific mortality (DSM). Kaplan-Meier and logrank test were used to compare survival. Cox regression was used to identify risk factors for DSM in the sp-bpNET subgroup.We included 112 sp-bpNET, 29 MEN1, and 27 DIPNECH patients. Tumor classification was similar across subgroups. A total of 20 patients (18%) with sp-bpNET died because of bpNET, compared with none in the MEN1 group and DIPNECH group. Median disease-specific survival was 12.3 (confidence interval: 6.3-18.3) years for patients with sp-bpNET, and not estimable for the other subgroups (p < 0.001). Differences in baseline characteristics did not explain worse survival in sp-bpNET. Tumor classification and age at diagnosis were independent risk factors for DSM in sp-bpNET.Patients with sp-bpNET have a significantly higher DSM compared with MEN1 or DIPNECH-related bpNET, unexplained by differences in baseline characteristics. This implies that not all bpNET are similar entities.
27874 Correlation of itch response to roflumilast cream with disease severity and patient-reported outcomes in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: Linda Stein Gold, Javier Alonso-Llamazares, Zoe D. Draelos, Melinda J. Gooderham, Steven E. Kempers, Mark G. Lebwohl, Darryl P. Toth, Gil Yosipovitch, Robert C. Higham, Lynn Navale, David R. Berk
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Erratum: Sleep-related oxygen desaturation and daytime pulmonary haemodynamics in COPD patients (Eur Respir J, 1992; 5: 301-307)
Authors: P. Levi-Valensi, E. Weitzenblum, Z. Rida, P. Aubry, A. Braghiroli, C. Donner, M. Aprill, J. Zielinski, G. Wurtemberger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)
軽度温度での骨インプラントのための近赤外光II支援迅速バイオフィルム除去プラットフォーム【JST・京大機械翻訳】
Authors: Zhang Guannan, Yang Yongqiang, Shi Jing, Yao Xiaohong, Chen Weiyi, Wei Xiaochun, Zhang Xiangyu, K Chu Paul
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)
電子健康記録に記録された食物アレルギーと不耐性の有病率【Powered by NICT】
Authors: W Acker Warren, M Plasek Joseph, G Blumenthal Kimberly, H Lai Kenneth, Topaz Maxim, L Seger Diane, R Goss Foster, P Slight Sarah, W Bates David, Zhou Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Hematologic Malignancies and Carbapenem Resistance: A Multicentre Retrospective Study from Chinese People
Authors: Bing Xu, Suming Huang, Lingli He, Guoshu Chen, Zhifeng Li, Pengcheng Shi, Xutao Guo, Zhihong Fang, Yan Wang, Jie Li, Yong Zhou
Journal: Blood (2017)
Amivantamab in EGFR Exon 20 Insertion–Mutated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Progressing on Platinum Chemotherapy: Initial Results From the CHRYSALIS Phase I Study
Authors: Keunchil Park, Eric B. Haura, Natasha B. Leighl, Paul Mitchell, Catherine A. Shu, Nicolas Girard, Santiago Viteri, Ji-Youn Han, Sang-We Kim, Chee Khoon Lee, Joshua K. Sabari, Alexander I. Spira, Tsung-Ying Yang, Dong-Wan Kim, Ki Hyeong Lee, Rachel E. Sanborn, José Trigo, Koichi Goto, Jong-Seok Lee, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Ramaswamy Govindan, Joshua M. Bauml, Pilar Garrido, Matthew G. Krebs, Karen L. Reckamp, John Xie, Joshua C. Curtin, Nahor Haddish-Berhane, Amy Roshak, Dawn Millington, Patricia Lorenzini, Meena Thayu, Roland E. Knoblauch, Byoung Chul Cho
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (Exon20ins) mutations exhibits inherent resistance to approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Amivantamab, an EGFR-MET bispecific antibody with immune cell-directing activity, binds to each receptor's extracellular domain, bypassing resistance at the tyrosine kinase inhibitor binding site.CHRYSALIS is a phase I, open-label, dose-escalation, and dose-expansion study, which included a population with EGFR Exon20ins NSCLC. The primary end points were dose-limiting toxicity and overall response rate. We report findings from the postplatinum EGFR Exon20ins NSCLC population treated at the recommended phase II dose of 1,050 mg amivantamab (1,400 mg, ≥ 80 kg) given once weekly for the first 4 weeks and then once every 2 weeks starting at week 5.In the efficacy population (n = 81), the median age was 62 years (range, 42-84 years); 40 patients (49%) were Asian, and the median number of previous lines of therapy was two (range, 1-7). The overall response rate was 40% (95% CI, 29 to 51), including three complete responses, with a median duration of response of 11.1 months (95% CI, 6.9 to not reached). The median progression-free survival was 8.3 months (95% CI, 6.5 to 10.9). In the safety population (n = 114), the most common adverse events were rash in 98 patients (86%), infusion-related reactions in 75 (66%), and paronychia in 51 (45%). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were hypokalemia in six patients (5%) and rash, pulmonary embolism, diarrhea, and neutropenia in four (4%) each. Treatment-related dose reductions and discontinuations were reported in 13% and 4% of patients, respectively.Amivantamab, via its novel mechanism of action, yielded robust and durable responses with tolerable safety in patients with EGFR Exon20ins mutations after progression on platinum-based chemotherapy.
Genetic and phylogeographic evidence for Jewish Holocaust victims at the Sobibór death camp
Authors: Marta Diepenbroek, Christina Amory, Harald Niederstätter, Bettina Zimmermann, Maria Szargut, Grażyna Zielińska, Arne Dür, Iwona Teul, Wojciech Mazurek, Krzysztof Persak, Andrzej Ossowski, Walther Parson
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Six million Jews were killed by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. Archaeological excavations in the area of the death camp in Sobibór, Poland, revealed ten sets of human skeletal remains presumptively assigned to Polish victims of the totalitarian regimes. However, their genetic analyses indicate that the remains are of Ashkenazi Jews murdered as part of the mass extermination of European Jews by the Nazi regime and not of otherwise hypothesised non-Jewish partisan combatants. In accordance with traditional Jewish rite, the remains were reburied in the presence of a Rabbi at the place of their discovery.
Bronchoscopic extraction of a migrated endovascular coil
Authors: John Doan, Kavya Puchhalapalli, Parag J Patel, Mario Gasparri, Jonathan S Kurman, Bryan S Benn
Journal: Thorax (2021)

A 32-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of productive cough and intermittent haemoptysis. 14 months prior, he underwent tricuspid valve replacement, pacemaker insertion, and coil embolisation of bilateral mycotic aneurysms due to endocarditis complicated by pulmonary and septic emboli in the setting of intravenous drug use. Chest X-ray (CXR) revealed right middle lobe (RML) consolidation with a coil extending centrally into the trachea (figure 1A).



Figure 1 
Chest x-ray showing (A) a migrated and uncoiled right middle lobe pulmonary pseudoaneurysm embolisation coil (red arrows). (B) Interval removal without residual coil in the airway immediately postprocedure, and (C) no further migration of remaining coils 7 weeks postprocedure.



He was evaluated by interventional radiology (IR) for management of the migrated coil and referred to interventional pulmonology (IP) and thoracic surgery. Multidisciplinary consensus was to proceed with …
Points: Are we missing the point?
Authors: Jared McSweeney
Journal: BMJ (2021)

As an intercalating medical student, I admit that gaining educational achievement points was a motivating factor for my intercalation.1 I am one of the lucky few who will graduate in time for them to remain relevant. In the race for points, however, we might be missing the point.

Medical students and professionals tend to be accomplished at jumping through hoops. …
West Nile Virus and Other Domestic Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases — United States, 2019
Authors: Grace M. Vahey, Sarabeth Mathis, Stacey W. Martin, Carolyn V. Gould, J. Erin Staples, Nicole P. Lindsey
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the United States (1). Other arboviruses, including La Crosse, Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, eastern equine encephalitis, and St. Louis encephalitis viruses, cause sporadic disease and occasional outbreaks. This report summarizes surveillance data for nationally notifiable domestic arboviruses reported to CDC for 2019. For 2019, 47 states and the District of Columbia (DC) reported 1,173 cases of domestic arboviral disease, including 971 (83%) WNV disease cases. Among the WNV disease cases, 633 (65%) were classified as neuroinvasive disease, for a national incidence of 0.19 cases per 100,000 population, 53% lower than the median annual incidence during 2009-2018. More Powassan and eastern equine encephalitis virus disease cases were reported in 2019 than in any previous year. Health care providers should consider arboviral infections in patients with aseptic meningitis or encephalitis, perform recommended diagnostic testing, and promptly report cases to public health authorities. Because arboviral diseases continue to cause serious illness, and annual incidence of individual viruses continues to vary with sporadic outbreaks, maintaining surveillance is important in directing prevention activities. Prevention depends on community and household efforts to reduce vector populations and personal protective measures to prevent mosquito and tick bites such as use of Environmental Protection Agency-registered insect repellent and wearing protective clothing.*,†.
AMBRA1 Promotes TGFβ Signaling via Nonproteolytic Polyubiquitylation of Smad4
Authors: Jinquan Liu, Bo Yuan, Jin Cao, Hongjie Luo, Shuchen Gu, Mengdi Zhang, Ran Ding, Long Zhang, Fangfang Zhou, Mien-Chie Hung, Pinglong Xu, Xia Lin, Jianping Jin, Xin-Hua Feng
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is prometastatic in advanced cancers and its biological activities are mainly mediated by the Smad family of proteins. Smad4 is the central signal transducer and transcription factor in the TGFβ pathway, yet the underlying mechanisms that govern transcriptional activities of Smad4 are not fully understood. Here, we show that AMBRA1, a member of the DDB1 and CUL4-associated factor (DCAF) family of proteins, serves as the substrate receptor for Smad4 in the CUL4-RING (CRL4) ubiquitin ligase complex. The CRL4-AMBRA1 ubiquitin ligase mediates nonproteolytic polyubiquitylation of Smad4 to enhance its transcriptional functions. Consequently, AMBRA1 potentiated TGFβ signaling and critically promoted TGFβ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Mouse models of breast cancer demonstrated that AMBRA1 promotes metastasis. Collectively, these results show that CRL4-AMBRA1 facilitates TGFβ-driven metastasis by increasing Smad4 polyubiquitylation, suggesting AMBRA1 may serve as a new therapeutic target in metastatic breast cancer. Significance: This study identifies AMBRA1 as a novel regulator of TGFβ signaling and breast cancer metastasis, supporting further exploration of AMBRA1 as a target for cancer therapy.
Precision-Enhancing Risk Stratification Tools for Selecting Optimal Treatment Durations in Tuberculosis Clinical Trials
Authors: Marjorie Z. Imperial, Patrick P. J. Phillips, Payam Nahid, Radojka M. Savic
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

No evidence-based tools exist to enhance precision in the selection of patient-specific optimal treatment durations to study in tuberculosis clinical trials.
Abnormality in the NK-cell population is prolonged in severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Galam Leem, Shinhye Cheon, Hoyoung Lee, Seong Jin Choi, Seongju Jeong, Eui-Soon Kim, Hye Won Jeong, Hyeongseok Jeong, Su-Hyung Park, Yeon-Sook Kim, Eui-Cheol Shin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

Our understanding of adaptive immune responses in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly evolving, but information on the innate immune responses by natural killer (NK) cells is still insufficient.
SARS-CoV-2 viral load at presentation to hospital is independently associated with the risk of death
Authors: Alex R Tanner, Hang Phan, Nathan J Brendish, Florina Borca, Kate R Beard, Stephen Poole, Tristan W Clark
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)

Objectives Previous studies have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 viral load, measured on upper respiratory tract samples at presentation to hospital using PCR Cycle threshold (Ct) value, has prognostic utility. However, these studies have not comprehensively adjusted for factors known to be intimately related to viral load. We aimed to evaluate the association between Ct value at admission and patient outcome whilst adjusting carefully for covariates.Methods We evaluated the association between Ct value at presentation and the outcomes of ICU admission and death, in patients hospitalised during the first wave of the pandemic in Southampton, UK. We adjusted for covariates including age, duration of illness and antibody sero-status, measured by neutralisation assay.Results 185 patients were analysed, with a median [IQR] Ct value of 27.9 [22.6–32.1]. On univariate analysis the Ct value at presentation was associated with the risk of both ICU admission and death. In addition, Ct value significantly differed according to age, the duration of illness at presentation and antibody sero-status. On multivariate analysis, Ct value was independently associated with risk of death (aOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.96; p = 0.011) but not ICU admission (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 0.93–1.16; p = 0.507). Neutralising antibody status at presentation was not associated with mortality or ICU admission (aOR 10.62, 95% CI 0.47–889; p = 0.199 and aOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.10–2.00; p = 0.302, respectively).Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 Ct value on admission to hospital was independently associated with mortality, when comprehensively adjusting for other factors and could be used for risk stratification.