tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SURG-22. CERVICAL SPINE ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST OF A PEDIATRIC PATIENT
Authors: Carlos Almeida, Luis Marcelo Ventura, Stephanie Previdelli, Marina Lopes Lamim, Bruna Minniti Mançano, Carlos Bezerra Cavalcante, Lucas Dias Lourenço
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, expanding lesions that represent 15% of all primary spine tumors, and only 2% have been found at the cervical level. There are different therapeutic options; the most successful is complete surgical resection. Although not always possible, due to high blood loss that occurs during the procedure, a combination of surgery with other treatment modalities was used in 40% of the cases reported so far. We describe a pediatric patient that we managed with embolization plus surgery. CASE REPORT: A 5-year-old girl presented with painful torticollis associated with a left posterior cervical mass, without neurological impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed a multiseptated bony lesion with multiple fluid levels, involving the posterior elements of C2, associated with diffuse soft tissue enhancement of the left paravertebral muscles. We proposed a multi-staged treatment with pre-operative arterial embolization followed by the posterior surgical approach. Super selective embolization of the left ascending cervical artery was performed. The right ascending cervical artery also contributed to the tumor blush, but due to its connection to the right vertebral artery and, therefore, associated with a high risk of neurological injury, we prefer not to embolize it. Two days later, we performed a posterior surgical approach, with a gross total resection of the tumor. Histological examination revealed an ABC. CONCLUSION An aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare cervical spine lesion that demands a multidisciplinary approach due to its locally aggressive behavior and the excessive blood loss related to surgery.
MODL-23. DNA METHYLATION AND COPY NUMBER VARIATION PROFILE FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR PRIMARY CELL LINES
Authors: Lucia Pedace, Maria Vinci, Simone Pizzi, Giulia Pericoli, Giuseppina Catanzaro, Luana Abballe, Francesca Del Bufalo, Ignazio Caruana, Francesca Diomedi Camassei, Sabrina Rossi, Felice Giangaspero, Elisabetta Ferretti, Andrea Ciolfi, Marco Tartaglia, Franco Locatelli, Angela Mastronuzzi, Evelina Miele
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND In vitro models of pediatric brain tumors (pBT) are instrumental for both understanding the oncogenic molecular mechanisms and identifying/testing new therapeutic strategies. DNA methylation (DM) is a stable epigenetic modification recently used to classify tumors. We aim to apply DM and Copy Number Variation (CNV) profiling to characterize pBT primary cell lines and tumors. METHODS We included 36 pBT tissues from different histology (13 LGG, 9 DIPG, 9 HGG, 3 MB, and 2 Ependymomas), paired to their derived primary cultures. Cultures were established in two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) condition, as stem-cell or in serum-supplemented medium. For 9 cultures, both early (P2-P3) and long-term passages (&amp;gt;P4) were considered. Samples were analyzed for DM and CNV profiles using Illumina EPIC arrays and data compared with those of the brain tumor classifier. RESULTS At early passages all cells retained the same DM and genetic patterns of original tumors, with no differences related to 2D/3D methods or presence of serum in media. Primary cell lines analyzed at &amp;gt; P4 and cultured in serum diverged from the primary tumor. CONCLUSIONS DM profiles and CNV are useful tools to detect the recapitulation of pBT-derived primary cell-lines from the original tumor. Whatever subgroups tested, results suggest that in vitro models should be passaged as little as possible to retain the epigenetic and genetic alterations of the tumors and thus to be considered relevant for basic and translational biology. Ongoing experiments are aimed to determine how stable DM and CNV are in other conditions/tumor subgroups.
NCMP-02. CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID (CSF) PREDICTORS OF DEVELOPING DISSEMINATED NECROTIZING LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY IN LEPTOMENINGEAL CARCINOMATOSIS (LMC): A SINGLE INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW
Authors: Charles Yu, Irene Lin, Erika Leese, Na Tosha Gatson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND LMC is a rare complication of systemic cancer metastasis to the leptomeninges. Although first described in 1870 treatment options remain few for this rapidly fatal condition commonly excluded from clinical trials and disease site guideline updates. Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy are commonly employed and there is growing evidence for systemic therapies that cross the blood brain barrier. Disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy (DNL) is a self-limited rare treatment-related radiographic finding variably associated with clinical decline and often misdiagnosed as progression or infection. DNL has been reported in patients exposed to IT chemotherapy and CNS irradiation. Our lab recently published improved LMC control with extended survival after standardization of Ommaya clinic IT treatment regimens, although with increased incidence of DNL. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients with LMC treated with IT chemotherapy after WBRT between 2017 – 2020. We reviewed sequential brain imaging over the treatment course to determine if there were predictive CSF markers associated with the development of DNL. RESULTS Of the 41 patients evaluated, 24% (n=10) developed DNL at a median 24-weeks after start of IT chemotherapy and WBRT. Of the patients with radiographically assessed DNL, 80% (n=8) experienced elevated CSF protein and 40% (n=4) had elevated white blood cells within 8-weeks prior to radiographic determination of DNL. Cytology remained benign and glucose was not significantly changed prior to DNL development. CONCLUSION Given the poor outcome of LMC, there is a need for treatment standardization and better understanding of treatment-associated radiographic changes. Evaluation of CSF markers to predict impending development of DNL in this treatment population might limit radiographic misdiagnoses and patient clinical decline as well as offer a potential window of opportunity for treatment de-escalation.
Reliability Criteria of Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography: Analysis of 4277 Measurements in 788 Patients
Authors: Anita Paisant, Sylvain Lemoine, Christophe Cassinotto, Victor de Lédinghen, Maxime Ronot, Marie Irlès-Depé, Valérie Vilgrain, Brigitte Le Bail, Valérie Paradis, Clémence M. Canivet, Sophie Michalak, Marie-Christine Rousselet, Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Jérôme Lebigot, Gilles Hunault, Anne Crouan, Christophe Aubé, Jérôme Boursier
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
QOLP-04. PILOT STUDY OF A VIDEOCONFERENCE-BASED PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMAS
Authors: Deborah Forst, Michelle Mesa, Emilia Kaslow-Zieve, Areej El-Jawahri, Joseph Greer, Isabella Sereno, Amy Corveleyn, Maya Anand, Sophia Landay, Arielle Horenstein, Jennifer Temel, Jamie Jacobs
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND Caregivers of patients with malignant gliomas experience substantial anxiety symptoms while caring for someone with progressive neurological decline. Yet, interventions to reduce psychological distress and improve quality of life (QoL) in this caregiver population are lacking. METHODS We conducted an open pilot study evaluating feasibility and acceptability of a cognitive behavioral therapy-based intervention for caregivers of patients with malignant gliomas with clinically significant anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-7] score ≥ 5). Caregivers participated in six videoconference sessions with a mental health provider. We defined the intervention as feasible if ≥ 70% of eligible caregivers enrolled and ≥ 70% of those enrolled completed ≥ 50% of sessions. We evaluated intervention acceptability in semi-structured interviews. Caregivers completed baseline and post-intervention surveys assessing anxiety and depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), QoL (Caregiver Oncology Quality of Life Questionnaire), caregiving burden (Caregiver Reaction Assessment), self-efficacy (Lewis Cancer Self-Efficacy Scale), and perceived coping skills (Measure of Current Status-Part A). We explored post-intervention changes using paired t-tests. RESULTS We obtained consent from 70.0% (21/30) of caregivers approached, of which 66.7% (14/21) had clinically significant anxiety and thus were eligible to participate (mean age=55.7 years, 64.3% female). Among enrolled caregivers, 71.4% (10/14) completed ≥ 50% of sessions. In semi-structured interviews, all participants found the intervention helpful and valued the ability to participate remotely via videoconference. Among caregivers who completed at least one session, 80.0% (8/10) completed all assessments and were included in analyses. Post-intervention, caregivers reported reduced anxiety symptoms (P=.02) and improved QoL (P=.03) and coping skills (P=.001). We found no significant change in depression, caregiving burden, or self-efficacy. CONCLUSION Our videoconference-based intervention is feasible and acceptable to caregivers. Participants reported significant improvements in anxiety symptoms, quality of life, and coping skills post-intervention, supporting further investigation of the intervention in a randomized controlled trial.
Annals Graphic Medicine - The Honors Game
Authors: Luisa M. De Souza
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives15 December 2020Annals Graphic Medicine - The Honors GameFREELuisa M. De Souza, MBA, BSLuisa M. De Souza, MBA, BSPenn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (L.M.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G20-0028 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Adam KortowskiNone17 January 2021 Serial killers Yes, medicine is full of serial career killers. But we should not heed them. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (L.M.D.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G20-0028.Author/Illustrator Information: Luisa M. De Souza, MBA, BS (e-mail, [email protected]psu.edu). PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 2020Volume 173, Issue 12Page: W158-W166 ePublished: 15 December 2020 Issue Published: 15 December 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cross-Priming Dendritic Cells Exacerbate Immunopathology After Ischemic Tissue Damage in the Heart
Authors: Elvira Forte, Bryant Perkins, Amalia Sintou, Harkaran S. Kalkat, Angelos Papanikolaou, Catherine Jenkins, Mashael Alsubaie, Rasheda A. Chowdhury, Theodore M. Duffy, Daniel A. Skelly, Jane Branca, Mohamed Bellahcene, Michael D. Schneider, Sian E. Harding, Milena B. Furtado, Fu Siong Ng, Muneer G. Hasham, Nadia Rosenthal, Susanne Sattler
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of heart failure and despite advanced therapeutic options, morbidity and mortality rates remain high. Although acute inflammation in response to myocardial cell death has been extensively studied, subsequent adaptive immune activity and anti-heart autoimmunity may also contribute to the development of heart failure. After ischemic injury to the myocardium, dendritic cells (DC) respond to cardiomyocyte necrosis, present cardiac antigen to T cells, and potentially initiate a persistent autoimmune response against the heart. Cross-priming DC have the ability to activate both CD4 + helper and CD8 + cytotoxic T cells in response to necrotic cells and may thus be crucial players in exacerbating autoimmunity targeting the heart. This study investigates a role for cross-priming DC in post–myocardial infarction immunopathology through presentation of self-antigen from necrotic cardiac cells to cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. Methods: We induced type 2 myocardial infarction–like ischemic injury in the heart by treatment with a single high dose of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. We characterized the DC population in the heart and mediastinal lymph nodes and analyzed long-term cardiac immunopathology and functional decline in wild type and Clec9a -depleted mice lacking DC cross-priming function. Results: A diverse DC population, including cross-priming DC, is present in the heart and activated after ischemic injury. Clec9a −/− mice deficient in DC cross-priming are protected from persistent immune-mediated myocardial damage and decline of cardiac function, likely because of dampened activation of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. Conclusion: Activation of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells by cross-priming DC contributes to exacerbation of postischemic inflammatory damage of the myocardium and corresponding decline in cardiac function. Importantly, this provides novel therapeutic targets to prevent postischemic immunopathology and heart failure.
RADT-16. HYPOFRACTIONATED RADIOTHERAPY AND STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY FOR VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMAS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Umberto Tosi, Sergio Guadix, Anjile An, Drew Wright, Andrew Brandmaier, Jonathan Knisely, Susan Pannullo, Paul Christos, Rohan Ramakrishna
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are tumors of the cerebellopontine angle with significant morbidity, causing hearing loss, tinnitus, and trigeminal and facial nerve compromise. Surgical resection is complex and often results in comorbidities, with radiation therapy being used to achieve tumor control. Both single dose stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and, in recent years, hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hSRT), where a total 18-25 Gy dose is given in approximately 3-5 fractions, have been utilized. It remains unclear, however, how each of these approaches fares compared to the other. METHODS Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Reviews were searched for studies either comparing hSRT with SRS or focusing on hSRT alone for the treatment of VS. Primary endpoints included tumor control, serviceable hearing, presence of tinnitus, and facial and trigeminal nerve symptoms. A random effects analysis was employed to compare pre- and post-treatment effects (hSRT alone) or SRS and hSRT outcomes (two-arm studies). RESULTS This analysis included 21 studies focusing on hSRT alone and 13 studies comparing SRS and hSRT. Significant heterogeneity was observed. Overall, when hSRT was analyzed alone, crude tumor control was achieved in 93% of 1571 patients at average follow-up of 49.9 months. There was no difference intra-group between pre- and post-treatment odds ratios (OR) of tinnitus, facial, or trigeminal impairment. However, serviceable hearing was diminished following hSRT (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.83, p = 0.002). Comparison with SRS showed no difference with respect to tumor control (p = 0.84), serviceable hearing (p = 0.65), trigeminal impairment (p = 0.96), or facial nerve impairment (p = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS hSRT achieved excellent tumor control and, with the exception of serviceable hearing, did not result in worse cranial nerve symptomatology. Analyzing two-arm studies showed that hSRT is a treatment modality comparable to SRS with respect to tumor control and cranial nerve comorbidities.
CD9 Blockade Effectively Suppresses Disease Progression of Pediatric B-Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Enhances Chemosensitivity
Authors: Chi Zhang, Kam Tong Leung, Karen Li, Kathy Yuen Yee Chan, Alex Wing Kwan Leung, John Tak Kit Cheung, Frankie Wai Tsoi Cheng, Chi Kong Li
Journal: Blood (2017)
Risk factors associated with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients: a French multicentric retrospective cohort
Authors: Sarah Dellière, Emmanuel Dudoignon, Sofiane Fodil, Sebastian Voicu, Magalie Collet, Pierre-Antoine Oillic, Maud Salmona, François Dépret, Théo Ghelfenstein-Ferreira, Benoit Plaud, Benjamin Chousterman, Stéphane Bretagne, Elie Azoulay, Alexandre Mebazaa, Bruno Megarbane, Alexandre Alanio
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)
THER-03. IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF CANNABIDIOL ON PAEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOUR CELL LINES USING A PULSED TREATMENT REGIME
Authors: Sophie Faulkes, George Lockwood, Saoirse E O’Sullivan, Richard G Grundy, Lisa C D Storer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract Paediatric brain tumours are the second most common cancer after haematological malignancies. Intermittent dosing regimens are typical for chemotherapy drugs in order to avoid excessive damage to organs and avoid the onset of late effects. Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to have cytotoxic properties on paediatric brain tumour cell lines. Although CBD is far less toxic and damaging than the classical chemotherapy options which are currently available to children suffering with brain tumours, there are some possible side effects. Given that the half-life of the drug is 24 hours, it was important to establish the nature of the effect of cumulative dosing on top of the remaining drug in the system. The pHGG cell line, SF188 was cultured in different concentrations of CBD with either 1, 2 or 3 doses being given on consecutive days. 24 hours after the last dose the cells were analysed using the resazurin assay. It was observed that the amount of drug required for an EC50 to be obtained decreased; 17.6µM (1 dose), 8µM (2 doses), 5µM (3 doses) and that cell survival was reduced to nearly 0% in those cells which received multiple does of CBD at 17.6µM. In order to mimic the intermittent dosing regime, the cells were returned to the incubator for 4 days before the resazurin assay was repeated. The decrease in viability was maintained over the extended culture period meaning that the ability of even the apparent “healthy” cells to proliferate had been permanently affected.
THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
Authors: S. X. Z. Quek, E. X. L. Loo, A. D. Demutska, C. E. Chua, G. Sen Kew, S. Wong, H. X. Lau, E. X. S. Low, T. L. Loh, S. L. Ooi, E. C. Hung, M. M. Rahma, U. C. Ghoshal, S. H. Wong, C. K. Y. Cheung, A. F. Syam, N. D. Tan, Y. L. Xiao, J. S. Liu, F. Lu, C. L. Chen, Y. Y. Lee, R. M. Maralit, Y. S. Kim, T. Oshima, H. Miwa, J. V. Pang, K. T. H. Siah
Journal: Gut (2020)

Background: Gastrointestinal manifestations of the COVID-19 pandemic may mimic Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), and social distancing measures may affect IBS patients negatively. We aimed to study the impact of COVID-19 on respondents with IBS.

Methods: We conducted an anonymised survey using MySurvey platform from May to June 2020 in 35 countries. The general public's knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding personal hygiene and social distancing during this COVID-19 pandemic and the psychological impact of COVID-19 were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the differences in well-being and compliance to social distancing measures between IBS and non-IBS respondents. Factors associated with worsening of IBS symptoms were evaluated. For newly developed IBS-like symptoms, subjects must fulfill ROME IV criteria.

Results: Out of 2704 respondents, 2024 (74.9%) did not have IBS, 305 (11.3%) had IBS and 374 (13.8%) did not know what IBS was. Respondents with IBS reported significantly worse emotional, social and psychological well-being compared to non-IBS respondents and were less compliant to social distancing (28.2% vs 35.3%, p=0.029, table 1). Of the non-IBS respondents, 96 (4.7%) developed new IBS-like symptoms. Among IBS respondents, the majority reported no change in symptom severity (61.6%), while 26.6% reported improvement and 11.8% reported worsening in IBS symptoms. A higher proportion of respondents with no change in the severity of IBS symptoms was willing to practice social distancing indefinitely compared to those who deteriorated (74.9% vs 51.4%, p=0.016, table 2). In multivariate analysis (table 3), willingness to continue social distancing for only another 2–3 weeks was significantly associated with higher odds of worsening IBS while better emotional well-being was associated with lower odds.

Conclusions: Our study showed differences in well-being and compliance to social distancing between IBS and non-IBS respondents, and these factors influence the worsening in severity of IBS. Further research will focus on how occupational stress and dietary changes may influence IBS symptoms.
The time to act is now: pseudo-systematic review
Authors: Nathan Ford, Grania Brigden, Tom Ellman, Edward J Mills
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Abstract Objective To identify any medical or public health rationale for claims that the time to act is now. Design Pseudo-systematic review. Data sources PubMed. Study selection Studies that included the claim “time is now” in the title, with or without exclamation marks. No language or date restriction was applied. Results 512 articles were included for review. No relationship was identified between time to act and disease burden, severity, or specialty. Claims that the time to act was Christmas were almost entirely without basis. A clustering of claims that it is time to act in the first quarter of the year suggested a possible association with New Year’s resolutions. Conclusions Now is as good a time as any.