tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intussusception in a Newborn. Clinical Observation
Authors: E. B. Olkhova, T. V. Mukaseeva, V. O. Soboleva, A. S. Kirsanov, I. S. Аllakhverdiev
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2022)

Intestinal intussusception in a newborn is a casuistic rarity, the clinical symptoms of which are nonspecific, and patients are regarded for a relatively long time as patients with necrotic enterocolitis. There are no unambiguous radiological signs of this pathology, especially with atypical variants of intussusception, when even pneumoirrigography is uninformative. In the vast majority of cases, the diagnosis is made only intra-operatively, when the development of intestinal obstruction or perforated peritonitis determines the need for surgical intervention. The publication presents a unique observation of preoperative echographic diagnosis and successful cure of prolonged small-intestinal invagination in a premature newborn 2 days of life, the cause of which was Meckel’s diverticulum.
Multivisceral resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma of the body and tail: Is it worth? A multicentre retrospective analysis from Western European countries
Authors: Cecilia Ferrari, Piera Leon, Massimo Falconi, Ugo Boggi, Abdul Rahman Al Sadairi, Laurent Sulpice, Edoardo Rosso, Francis Navarro, Fabrizio Panaro
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Predictors of depression among middle-aged and older men and women in Europe: A machine learning approach
Authors: Elizabeth P. Handing, Carolin Strobl, Yuqin Jiao, Leilani Feliciano, Stephen Aichele
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2022)

The high prevalence of depression in a growing aging population represents a critical public health issue. It is unclear how social, health, cognitive, and functional variables rank as risk/protective factors for depression among older adults and whether there are conspicuous differences among men and women.We used random forest analysis (RFA), a machine learning method, to compare 56 risk/protective factors for depression in a large representative sample of European older adults (N = 67,603; ages 45-105y; 56.1% women; 18 countries) from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE Wave 6). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the EURO-D questionnaire: Scores ≥ 4 indicated depression. Predictors included a broad array of sociodemographic, relational, health, lifestyle, and cognitive variables.Self-rated social isolation and self-rated poor health were the strongest risk factors, accounting for 22.0% (in men) and 22.3% (in women) of variability in depression. Odds ratios (OR) per +1SD in social isolation were 1.99x, 95% CI [1.90,2.08] in men; 1.93x, 95% CI [1.85,2.02] in women. OR for self-rated poor health were 1.93x, 95% CI [1.81,2.05] in men; 1.98x, 95% CI [1.87,2.10] in women. Difficulties in mobility (in both sexes), difficulties in instrumental activities of daily living (in men), and higher self-rated family burden (in women) accounted for an additional but small percentage of variance in depression risk (2.2% in men, 1.5% in women).Among 56 predictors, self-perceived social isolation and self-rated poor health were the most salient risk factors for depression in middle-aged and older men and women. Difficulties in instrumental activities of daily living (in men) and increased family burden (in women) appear to differentially influence depression risk across sexes.This study was internally funded by Colorado State University through research start-up monies provided to Stephen Aichele, Ph.D.
Radioiodine Uptake in Incidentally Detected Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Nir Hod, Sophie Lantsberg, Daniel Levin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Radioiodine whole-body scintigraphy has long been used for detection of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with high avidity in functioning thyroid tissues. However, uptake is not completely specific, and “false-positive” uptake in nonthyroidal tumors have rarely been reported. Herein, we present a case of incidentally detected neuroendocrine tumor showing high radioiodine uptake initially suspected to be thyroid metastasis. Correlative imaging with FDG PET/CT and 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is presented, and literature survey is discussed. We conclude that neuroendocrine tumor should be added to the reported list of neoplasms that can show “false-positive” uptake representing a potential interpretative pitfall.
The curious incident of long COVID symptoms, from an imaginary condition to a recognised syndrome: a “small victory”
Authors: Valentina E. Di Mattei, Gaia Perego, Francesca Milano, Thomas Eric Hill, Sergio Alfonso Harari
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>In the early stages of the pandemic, patients with a post-COVID condition felt ignored and disbelieved by their doctors and relatives. Given the importance of the doctor–patient relationship in post-COVID management, we recommend "relationship-based care".</b>https://bit.ly/3vQ9RO1
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Critical Covid-19 in Adolescents
Authors: Samantha M. Olson, Margaret M. Newhams, Natasha B. Halasa, Ashley M. Price, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Pia S. Pannaraj, Katherine Irby, Tracie C. Walker, Stephanie P. Schwartz, Aline B. Maddux, Elizabeth H. Mack, Tamara T. Bradford, Jennifer E. Schuster, Ryan A. Nofziger, Melissa A. Cameron, Kathleen Chiotos, Melissa L. Cullimore, Shira J. Gertz, Emily R. Levy, Michele Kong, Natalie Z. Cvijanovich, Mary A. Staat, Satoshi Kamidani, Brandon M. Chatani, Samina S. Bhumbra, Katherine E. Bline, Mary G. Gaspers, Charlotte V. Hobbs, Sabrina M. Heidemann, Mia Maamari, Heidi R. Flori, Janet R. Hume, Matt S. Zinter, Kelly N. Michelson, Laura D. Zambrano, Angela P. Campbell, Manish M. Patel, Adrienne G. Randolph
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

The increasing incidence of pediatric hospitalizations associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States has offered an opportunity to assess the real-world effectiveness of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine in adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age.
Abstract MP55: Declining Annual Trends In Us Daily Sleep Duration Are Greater Among Racial/ethnic Minorities: Implications For Cardiometabolic Disease Disparities
Authors: Michael A Grandner, Andrew Tubbs, Sadia Ghani, Girardin Jean-Louis, William Killgore, Fabian-Xose Fernandez
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Habitual insufficient sleep may contribute to cardiometabolic disease in the United States, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities. However, there is mixed evidence on secular trends in U.S. sleep duration. Therefore, this study investigated annual changes in sleep duration, including variations across demographics and how sleep duration was associated with prevalent cardiometabolic disease. Methods: Data on 413,417 individuals were acquired from the National Health Interview Survey from 2005-2018. Variables included self-reported sleep duration, lifetime diagnosis of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and pre-diabetes, and obesity. Population-weighted linear models estimated annual trends in sleep duration, while population-weighted quasi-Poisson models estimated the prevalence risk of cardiometabolic disease as a function of sleep duration. Results: Average daily sleep duration decreased -0.62 minutes annually from 2005-2018. A significant race/ethnicity interaction was found. Compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, the rate of decline was 119% greater among Blacks/African-Americans, 206% greater among Mexican-Americans, 4% greater in other Hispanics/Latinos, and 43% greater in Asians. A 1-hour loss in daily sleep duration was linked to 4% greater prevalence of hypertension, 3% greater prevalence of diabetes, and 8% greater prevalence of obesity after adjusting for age, sex, employment, marital status, and survey year. A significant race/ethnicity interaction was observed, with differential elevated risk of cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence associated with declining sleep (see table). Conclusion: There is a secular decline in U.S. daily sleep duration that is disproportionately impacting Black/African-American and Mexican individuals. Moreover, reduced sleep duration is associated with more prevalent cardiometabolic disease and these relationships are disproportionately impacting racial/ethnic minority groups.
Abstract P016: Lose To Win: Changes In Weight Status From Adolescence To Young Adult Ages And Cardiovascular Health In Adulthood
Authors: Liliana Aguayo, Rebecca Jones, Fernando Riosmena, Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham, Shakira F Suglia
Journal: Circulation (2022)

This study examines the association of changes in weight status from teen to young adult ages with the number of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and clinical CVH metrics by adulthood. We hypothesized that increases in weight status from teen to young adult ages are associated with less ideal CVH metrics in adulthood. Data from a subset of participants (n=4252) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth) with Life Simple 7 (LS7) metrics (diet, physical activity, BMI, smoking, cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose) collected at mean age 38±0.05 were used. LS7 metrics and criteria were used to estimate the number of ideal CVH (range 0-7) and clinical CVH metrics (range 0-3). Height and weight measured at mean ages 16±0.03 and 28±0.04 were used to determine three categories of change in weight status from teen to young adult ages: increased, no change, or decreased. Linear regression models were used to test the association of changes in weight status from teen to young adult ages with the number of ideal CVH and clinical CVH metrics in adulthood. Tests adjusted for age, sex, single parent status, parent’s education, and baseline weight status were conducted overall and stratified by race/ethnicity. Mean number of ideal CVH metrics was 2.8±0.02. When compared with no changes in weight status from teen to young adult ages, increases associated with less ideal CVH (β= -0.90; 95% CI -0.99, -0.82) and clinical CVH (-0.39; -0.44, -0.33) metrics, while decreases associated with more ideal CVH (0.26; 0.01,0.51), and clinical CVH (0.19; 0.03,0.35) metrics. Stratified tests showed that decreases in weight status associated with more ideal CVH and clinical CVH metrics among Latinx (0.78; 0.21, 1.35; and 0.57; 0.16, 0.97) and Asian (1.66; 0.45, 2.88; 1.12; 0.39, 1.85), but not among White or Black (p&gt;0.05) participants. Findings underscore the importance of supporting weight loss and maintenance of normal weight among emerging adults for optimal CVH in adulthood. Racial/ethnic differences merit further investigation.
Abstract 069: Missed Opportunities For The Control Of Hypertension In Premenopausal Women In The US
Authors: Susan Hennessy, Joanne Penko, Pamela Coxson, Pengxiao Wei, Azuka Atum, Ross Boylan, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one killer in US women, and hypertension the most common modifiable risk factor. Though women have had better control of hypertension than men, control rates have declined over the past decade. We quantify US population estimates of missed opportunities for hypertension control in premenopausal women with access to regular healthcare. Methods: We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018) to identify US women aged 35-54 years with no prior CVD. Within this sample we identified the population prevalence of respondents with hypertension (SBP ≥ 140mmHg or DBP ≥ 90mmHg), a usual healthcare provider, attending at least two visits per year, awareness (ever been told you have hypertension), treatment (prescribed and taking hypertension medication) and control (SBP &lt; 140mmHg) of blood pressure. We derived hypertension control cascades for this population comparing 2011-2014 and 2015-2018. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in women age 35-54 years with no prior CVD was 6.4M in 2011-2014 and rose to 8.5M in 2015-2018. The prevalence at each stage and the missed opportunities to intervene are presented in the hypertension control cascade (Figure 1). In 2015-2018 only two thirds of this population had access to regular healthcare. Among the women with hypertension in regular care, the greatest missed opportunity occurred in those who are unaware of their hypertension (25%), followed by those untreated (11%) and uncontrolled (6%). Conclusion: The number of premenopausal women with hypertension in the US increased by 25% from the start to the finish of the prior decade. Although most of these 2.1 million women are cared for by healthcare professionals, considerable gaps exist in awareness, treatment, and control of their hypertension, gaps that have not improved substantially over the decade. Improvements in hypertension prevention, access to care, and delivery of guideline-concordant care for premenopausal women should be a priority.
Comprehensive enhancer-target gene assignments improve gene set level interpretation of genome-wide regulatory data
Authors: Tingting Qin, Christopher Lee, Shiting Li, Raymond G. Cavalcante, Peter Orchard, Heming Yao, Hanrui Zhang, Shuze Wang, Snehal Patil, Alan P. Boyle, Maureen A. Sartor
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Revealing the gene targets of distal regulatory elements is challenging yet critical for interpreting regulome data. Experiment-derived enhancer-gene links are restricted to a small set of enhancers and/or cell types, while the accuracy of genome-wide approaches remains elusive due to the lack of a systematic evaluation. We combined multiple spatial and in silico approaches for defining enhancer locations and linking them to their target genes aggregated across >500 cell types, generating 1860 human genome-wide distal enhancer-to-target gene definitions (EnTDefs). To evaluate performance, we used gene set enrichment (GSE) testing on 87 independent ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets of 34 transcription factors (TFs) and assessed concordance of results with known TF Gene Ontology annotations, and other benchmarks.
Cross-species genetic screens identify transglutaminase 5 as a regulator of polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-1
Authors: Won-Seok Lee, Ismael Al-Ramahi, Hyun-Hwan Jeong, Youjin Jang, Tao Lin, Carolyn J. Adamski, Laura A. Lavery, Smruti Rath, Ronald Richman, Vitaliy V. Bondar, Elizabeth Alcala, Jean-Pierre Revelli, Harry T. Orr, Zhandong Liu, Juan Botas, Huda Y. Zoghbi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Many neurodegenerative disorders are caused by abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins. In spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), accumulation of polyglutamine-expanded (polyQ-expanded) ataxin-1 (ATXN1) causes neuronal toxicity. Lowering total ATXN1, especially the polyQ-expanded form, alleviates disease phenotypes in mice, but the molecular mechanism by which the mutant ATXN1 is specifically modulated is not understood. Here, we identified 22 mutant ATXN1 regulators by performing a cross-species screen of 7787 and 2144 genes in human cells and Drosophila eyes, respectively. Among them, transglutaminase 5 (TG5) preferentially regulated mutant ATXN1 over the WT protein. TG enzymes catalyzed cross-linking of ATXN1 in a polyQ-length-dependent manner, thereby preferentially modulating mutant ATXN1 stability and oligomerization. Perturbing Tg in Drosophila SCA1 models modulated mutant ATXN1 toxicity. Moreover, TG5 was enriched in the nuclei of SCA1-affected neurons and colocalized with nuclear ATXN1 inclusions in brain tissue from patients with SCA1. Our work provides a molecular insight into SCA1 pathogenesis and an opportunity for allele-specific targeting for neurodegenerative disorders.
Cross-talk between HIF and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways in carcinogenesis and therapy
Authors: Michael R. Shurin, Viktor Umansky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Tumor-associated hypoxia plays an important role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. The expression, activation, and stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) support malignant cell survival, proliferation, plasticity, and motility. Hypoxia also upregulates the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in malignant and immune regulatory cells. Therefore, the combination of HIF inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) is promising for boosting antitumor immunity and diminishing malignant cell plasticity and therapy resistance. In this issue of the JCI, Salman et al. report the development of a specific agent that inhibited HIF-1/2–mediated gene expression in tumor cells and suppressed tumor growth. Bailey, Liu, et al. in this issue demonstrate that targeting HIF-1α abrogated PD-L1–mediated immune evasion by suppressing PD-L1 expression on malignant and myeloid regulatory cells, causing tumor rejection. These findings suggest that targeting the HIF/PD-L1 axis with specific HIF inhibitors should improve the safety and efficacy of CPIs for cancer therapy.
Correction: Mycophenolate Mofetil after Rituximab for Childhood-Onset Complicated Frequently-Relapsing or Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2022)

Kazumoto Iijima, Mayumi Sako, Mari Oba, Seiji Tanaka, Riku Hamada, Tomoyuki Sakai, Yoko Ohwada, Takeshi Ninchoji, Tomohiko Yamamura, Hiroyuki Machida, Yuko Shima, Ryojiro Tanaka, Hiroshi Kaito, Yoshinori Araki, Tamaki Morohashi, Naonori Kumagai, Yoshimitsu Gotoh, Yohei Ikezumi, Takuo Kubota, Koichi
When I use a word . . . . Medical magic
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

The linguistic root of the word magic is the hypothetical IndoEuropean tetragram MAGH. Two avatars of the root have different implications. One implies might or power, with an additional implication of largeness, the other implies fighting. The latter yields English words ending in –machy, while the former diverges into MAGH and MEGH, yielding many English words reflecting different aspects of largeness and power, including “magic.” Magic features in many aspects of bioscience, of which the best known is probably Paul Ehrlich’s idea of a charmed or magic bullet, a therapeutic agent that targets a specific infective pathogen or some specific aspect of a disorder. Monoclonal antibodies exemplify a particular form of this.
Prevalence of stroke in China: overestimated?
Authors: Wen-Jun Tu, Baohua Chao, Longde Wang
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

In their Article, Ma and colleagues1 assessed the disease burden of stroke and its risk factors at national and provincial levels in China from 1990 to 2019. The results showed that in 2019, there were 3·94 million new stroke cases and 28·76 million prevalent cases of stroke in China,1 suggesting that the disease burden of stroke is still severe in China. The Global Burden of Disease Study Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 Stroke Collaborators compared the disease burden of stroke and its risk factors over time from 1990 to 2019 across locations and by sex and age.
Residual Confounding in Health Plan Performance Assessments: Evidence From Randomization in Medicaid
Authors: Jacob Wallace, J. Michael McWilliams, Anthony Lollo, Janet Eaton, Chima D. Ndumele
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Background: Risk adjustment is used widely in payment systems and performance assessments, but the extent to which it distinguishes plan or provider effects from confounding due to patient differences is typically unknown. Objective: To assess the degree to which risk-adjusted measures of health plan performance adequately adjust for the variation across plans that arises because of differences in patient characteristics (residual confounding). Design: Comparison between plan performance estimates based on enrollees who made plan choices (observational population) and estimates based on enrollees assigned to plans (randomized population). Setting: Natural experiment in which more than two thirds of a state's Medicaid population in 1 region was randomly assigned to 1 of 5 plans. Participants: 137 933 enrollees in 2013 to 2014, of whom 31.1% selected a plan and 68.9% were randomly assigned to 1 of the same 5 plans. Measurements: Annual total spending (that is, payments to providers), primary care use, dental care use, and avoidable emergency department visits, all scored as plan-specific deviations from the “average” plan performance within each population. Results: Enrollee characteristics were appreciably imbalanced across plans in the observational population, as expected, but were not in the randomized population. Annual total spending varied across plans more in the observational population (SD, $147 per enrollee) than in the randomized population (SD, $70 per enrollee) after accounting for baseline differences in the observational and randomized populations and for differences across plans. On average, a plan's spending score (its deviation from the “average” performance) in the observational population differed from its score in the randomized population by $67 per enrollee in absolute value (95% CI, $38 to $123), or 4.2% of mean spending per enrollee (P = 0.009, rejecting the null hypothesis that this difference would be expected from sampling error). The difference was reduced modestly by risk adjustment to $62 per enrollee (P = 0.012). Residual confounding was similarly substantial for most other performance measures. Further adjustment for social factors did not materially change estimates. Limitation: Potential heterogeneity in plan effects between the 2 populations. Conclusion: Residual confounding in risk-adjusted performance assessments can be substantial and should caution policymakers against assuming that risk adjustment isolates real differences in plan performance. Primary Funding Source: Arnold Ventures.
The Subcellular Localization of RRAGD
Authors: Tiantian Ma, Lei Zhang, Limeng Chen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2022)

Some behaviors occur in obligatory sequence, such as reaching before grasping an object. Can the earlier behavior serve to prepare the musculature for the later behavior? If it does, what is the underlying neural mechanism of the preparation? To address this question, we examined two feeding behaviors in the marine mollusk <i>Aplysia californica</i>, one of which must precede the second: biting and swallowing. Biting is an attempt to grasp food. When that attempt is successful, the animal immediately switches to swallowing to ingest food. The main muscle responsible for pulling food into the buccal cavity during swallowing is the I3 muscle, whose motor neurons B6, B9, and B3 have been previously identified. By performing recordings from these neurons <i>in vivo</i> in intact, behaving animals or <i>in vitro</i> in a suspended buccal mass preparation, we demonstrated that the frequencies and durations of these motor neurons increased from biting to swallowing. Using the physiological patterns of activation to drive these neurons intracellularly, we further demonstrated that activating them using biting-like frequencies and durations, either alone or in combination, generated little or no force in the I3 muscle. When biting-like patterns preceded swallowing-like patterns, however, the forces during the subsequent swallowing-like patterns were significantly enhanced. Sequences of swallowing-like patterns, either with these neurons alone or in combination, further enhanced forces in the I3 muscle. These results suggest a novel mechanism for enhancing force production in a muscle, and may be relevant to understanding motor control in vertebrates.
How to tackle inequitable access, vaccine hesitancy, and other barriers to achieve high vaccine uptake
Authors: Nino Berdzuli, Siddhartha Sankar Datta
Journal: BMJ (2022)

World Immunisation Week is an opportune moment to reflect on the importance of vaccination as one of the foundations of a functioning public health system.This year presents a unique set of challenges for the European Region, as several European countries begin settling nearly five million refugees from Ukraine, while countries also plan their next steps to control the covid-19 pandemic.