tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective Cohort Study of 120,343 UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Min Gao, Susan A. Jebb, Paul Aveyard, Gina L. Ambrosini, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Keren Papier, Jennifer Carter, Carmen Piernas
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE To identify dietary patterns (DPs) characterized by a set of nutrients of concern and their association with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 120,343 participants from the U.K. Biobank study with at least two 24 h dietary assessments were studied. Reduced rank regression was used to derive DPs explaining variability in energy density, free sugars, saturated fat, and fiber intakes. We investigated prospective associations with T2D using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Over 8.4 years of follow-up from the latest dietary assessment, 2,878 participants developed T2D. Two DPs were identified that jointly explained a total of 63% variation in four nutrients. DP1 was characterized by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter, low-fiber bread, and sugars and preserves, and low intakes of fruits and vegetables. DP1 was linearly associated with T2D in multivariable models without BMI adjustment (per z score, hazard ratio [HR] 1.11 [95% CI 1.08–1.14]) and after BMI adjustment (HR 1.09 [95% CI 1.06–1.12]). DP2 was characterized by high intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juice, table sugars and preserves, and low intakes of high-fat cheese and butter, but showed no clear association with T2D. There were significant interactions between both DPs and age, with increased risks among younger people in DP1 (HR 1.13 [95% CI 1.09–1.18]) and DP2 (HR 1.10 [95% CI 1.05–1.15]), as well as with DP1 and BMI, with increased risks among people with obesity (HR 1.11 [95% CI 1.07–1.16]). CONCLUSIONS A DP characterized by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter, low-fiber bread, and added sugars, and low in fresh fruits and vegetables intake is associated with a higher incidence of T2D, particularly among younger people and those with obesity.
Emerging perspectives on growth factor metabolic relationships in the ovarian cancer ascites environment
Authors: Mehri Monavarian, Amal Taher Elhaw, Priscilla W. Tang, Zaineb Javed, Zainab Shonibare, Carly Bess Scalise, Rebecca Arend, Mohit Kumar Jolly, Mary Kathryn Sewell- Loftin, Nadine Hempel, Karthikeyan Mythreye
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2022)
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy induce substantial and persistent changes in microbial communities and metabolic pathways
Authors: Jerry T. Dang, Valentin Mocanu, Heekuk Park, Michael Laffin, Naomi Hotte, Shahzeer Karmali, Daniel W. Birch, Karen L. Madsen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Bariatric surgery induces significant microbial and metabolomic changes, however, links between microbial and metabolic pathways have not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the microbial, metabolomic, and inflammatory changes that occur following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). A prospective clinical trial was conducted with participants undergoing RYGB, SG, and non-operative controls (CTRL). Clinical parameters, blood samples, and fecal samples were collected pre-intervention and at 3 and 9 months. A multi-omics approach was used to perform integrated microbial-metabolomic analysis to identify functional pathways in which weight loss and metabolic changes occur after surgery. RYGB led to profound microbial changes over time that included reductions in alpha-diversity, increased Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota, decreased Firmicutes, and numerous changes at the genera level. These changes were associated with a reduction in inflammation and significant weight loss. A reduction in Romboutsia genera correlated strongly with weight loss and integrated microbial-metabolomic analysis revealed the importance of Romboutsia. Its obliteration correlated with improved weight loss and insulin resistance, possibly through decreases in glycerophospholipids. In contrast, SG was associated with no changes in alpha-diversity, and only a small number of changes in microbial genera. A cluster of Firmicutes genera including Butyriciccocus, Eubacterium ventriosum, and Monoglobus was decreased, which correlated with decreased weight, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. This work represents comprehensive analyses of microbial-metabolomic changes that occur following bariatric surgery and identifies several pathways that are associated with beneficial metabolic effects of surgery.
Bevacizumab plus erlotinib versus erlotinib alone in Japanese patients with advanced, metastatic, EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NEJ026): overall survival analysis of an open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial
Authors: Yosuke Kawashima, Tatsuro Fukuhara, Haruhiro Saito, Naoki Furuya, Kana Watanabe, Shunichi Sugawara, Shunichiro Iwasawa, Yoshio Tsunezuka, Ou Yamaguchi, Morihito Okada, Kozo Yoshimori, Ichiro Nakachi, Masahiro Seike, Koichi Azuma, Futoshi Kurimoto, Yukari Tsubata, Yuka Fujita, Hiromi Nagashima, Gyo Asai, Satoshi Watanabe, Masaki Miyazaki, Koichi Hagiwara, Toshihiro Nukiwa, Satoshi Morita, Kunihiko Kobayashi, Makoto Maemondo
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)
MECHANISTIC AND FUNCTIONAL INSIGHTS INTO CONCOMITANT ATRIAL AND VENTRICULAR SECONDARY MITRAL REGURGITATION
Authors: Habib Layoun, Amgad G. Mentias, Jay Ramchand, Daniel Burns, Marc Gillinov, Sanjeeb Bhattacharya, Rishi Puri, Patrick Collier, Brian P. Griffin, Samir R. Kapadia, Serge C. Harb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
EFFECTS OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA ON OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH ACUTE HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Samarthkumar Thakkar, Krutarth Pandya, Harsh P. Patel, Devesh Rai, Harigopal Sandhyavenu, Varun Victor, Rohan Desai, Darshan Sandesara, Abhishek Deshmukh, Vishal Yogin Parikh, Scott Feitell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Adjuvant radiation following clear margin resection of high T-stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma halves the risk of local and locoregional recurrence: A dual-center retrospective study
Authors: Emily S. Ruiz, Kylee J.B. Kus, Timothy D. Smile, Fadi Murad, Guohai Zhou, Evelyn O. Ilori, Jonathan D. Schoenfeld, Danielle N. Margalit, Roy B. Tishler, Allison T. Vidimos, Shlomo A. Koyfman, Chrysalyne D. Schmults
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Cancer Drug Approvals That Displaced Existing Standard-of-Care Therapies, 2016-2021
Authors: David J. Benjamin, Alexander Xu, Mark P. Lythgoe, Vinay Prasad
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Although several cancer drugs receive US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval each month, it is unclear how many of these cancer drugs transform the treatment landscape significantly by tumor group. Specifically, it remains unclear how many of these newly approved cancer drugs displace the existing standard-of-care therapies for their indication vs being added to existing therapies. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine how many cancer drugs displace the standard-of-care therapies vs being added to existing therapy or filling breaks in systemic treatments in the metastatic setting, adjuvant setting, or maintenance setting. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cross-sectional study using landmark trials leading to FDA approval of cancer drugs between May 1, 2016, and May 31, 2021. The study evaluated all FDA approvals for cancer drugs between May 1, 2016, and May 31, 2021, using the FDA Oncology (Cancer)/Hematologic Malignancies Approval Notifications website. All clinical trials leading to FDA approval of cancer drugs during this period were examined. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> A drug was determined to have displaced the prior standard-of-care therapy by evaluating the comparator arm (or lack thereof) in the clinical trial leading to the drug’s approval and also by reviewing National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. Cancer drug approvals were categorized as<i>first-line displacing</i>if a drug was approved for use in the first-line setting and displaced the prior standard-of-care drug for an indication,<i>first-line drug alternatives/new</i>if a drug was approved for use in the first-line setting but did not displace the standard of care at the time of approval or was a new drug that was first of its class for an approved indication,<i>add on</i>if a drug was approved in combination with a previously approved therapy for a disease or if a drug was approved for use in the adjuvant or maintenance settings, and<i>later line</i>if a drug was approved for use in the second-, third-, or later-line settings. <h3>Results</h3> Between May 1, 2016, and May 31, 2021, there were 207 FDA cancer drug approvals in oncology and malignant hematology. Of these 207 approvals, 28 drugs (14%) were first-line displacing therapies. A total of 32 drugs (15%) were first-line drug alternatives/new drugs. A total of 61 drugs (29%) were add-on therapies. Finally, 86 drugs (42%) were approved as later-line therapies. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, most cancer drug approvals between 2016 and 2021 were in the later-line settings as opposed to displacing the current standard-of-care therapy for the approved indication. These later-line drugs may benefit patients with few alternatives but add to the cost of care because competition in the drug markets is a key factor in leading to lower drug prices.
Anastomosing Hemangioma on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Wei Ming Chua, Kian Ming Jeremy Hoe, Rinkoo Dalan, Chow Wei Too, Simon Yew Kuang Ong, Timothy Kwang Yong Tay, Kelvin Siu Hoong Loke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Anastomosing hemangioma (AH) is a rare benign vascular lesion that primarily involves the genitourinary tract. Cases have also rarely been reported in other organs. AH is often discovered incidentally and resembles angiosarcoma histologically. On imaging, it may mimic other vascular lesions such as renal cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. We present a case of a 32-year-old woman with incidentally detected AH involving the kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, and retroperitoneum, initially presumed to be neuroendocrine tumors based on imaging findings on CT and 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET scans.
Human antibody recognizing a quaternary epitope in the Puumala virus glycoprotein provides broad protection against orthohantaviruses
Authors: Eva Mittler, Anna Z. Wec, Janne Tynell, Pablo Guardado-Calvo, Julia Wigren-Byström, Laura C. Polanco, Cecilia M. O’Brien, Megan M. Slough, Dafna M. Abelson, Alexandra Serris, Mrunal Sakharkar, Gerard Pehau-Arnaudet, Russell R. Bakken, James C. Geoghegan, Rohit K. Jangra, Markus Keller, Larry Zeitlin, Olli Vapalahti, Rainer G. Ulrich, Zachary A. Bornholdt, Clas Ahlm, Felix A. Rey, John M. Dye, Steven B. Bradfute, Tomas Strandin, Andrew S. Herbert, Mattias N. E. Forsell, Laura M. Walker, Kartik Chandran
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

The rodent-borne hantavirus Puumala virus (PUUV) and related agents cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. Other hantaviruses, including Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus, cause a distinct zoonotic disease, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Although these infections are severe and have substantial case fatality rates, no FDA-approved hantavirus countermeasures are available. Recent work suggests that monoclonal antibodies may have therapeutic utility. We describe here the isolation of human neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against tetrameric Gn/Gc glycoprotein spikes from PUUV-experienced donors. We define a dominant class of nAbs recognizing the "capping loop" of Gn that masks the hydrophobic fusion loops in Gc. A subset of nAbs in this class, including ADI-42898, bound Gn/Gc complexes but not Gn alone, strongly suggesting that they recognize a quaternary epitope encompassing both Gn and Gc. ADI-42898 blocked the cell entry of seven HCPS- and HFRS-associated hantaviruses, and single doses of this nAb could protect Syrian hamsters and bank voles challenged with the highly virulent HCPS-causing ANDV and HFRS-causing PUUV, respectively. ADI-42898 is a promising candidate for clinical development as a countermeasure for both HCPS and HFRS, and its mode of Gn/Gc recognition informs the development of broadly protective hantavirus vaccines.
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided hepaticogastrostomy with parenchymal metal stent placement
Authors: Motohiro Yoshinari, Susumu Hijioka, Takuji Okusaka, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is performed to create a biliary drainage route for malignant distal biliary obstruction during complicated endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [1] [2]. However, when EUS-HGS is performed in patients with cholangitis and ascites, metal stent placement may cause peripheral obstructive cholangitis ([Fig. 1 a]), while plastic stents may cause biliary peritonitis due to bile leakage into the ascites ([Fig. 1 b]) [3] [4]. To address this challenge, we implemented a novel EUS-HGS method of hepatic parenchymal metal stent placement with plastic stent in the bile duct ([Fig. 2]), which proved to be effective ([Video 1]).
Natural Plant Tissue with Bioinspired Nano Amyloid and Hydroxyapatite as Green Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yuzhou Li, Yiru Fu, He Zhang, Xu Wang, Tao Chen, Yanqiu Wu, Xinxin Xu, Sheng Yang, Ping Ji, Jinlin Song
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Bone defects have been increasingly prevalent around the globe and traditional bone substitutes are constantly limited by low abundance and biosafety due to their animal-based resources. Plant-based scaffolds are currently studied as a green candidate but the bioinertia of cellulose to mammalian cells leads to uncertain bone regeneration. Inspired by the cross-kingdom adhesion of plants and bacteria, this work proposes a concept of a novel plant bone substitute, involving coating decellularized plant with nano amyloids and nano hydroxyapatites, to bridge the plant scaffold and animal tissue regeneration. Natural microporosity of plants can guide alignment of mammalian cells into various organ-like structures. Taking advantage of the bioactive nano amyloids, the scaffolds drastically promote cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation. The enhanced bio-affinity is elucidated as positively charged nano amyloids and serum deposition on the nanostructure. Nano-hydroxyapatite crystals deposited on amyloid further prompt osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts. In vivo experiments prove successful trabeculae regeneration in the scaffold. Such a hierarchical design leverages the dedicated microstructure of natural plants and high bioactivity of nano amyloid/hydroxyapatite coatings, and addresses the abundant resource of bone substitutes. Not limited to their current application, plant materials functionalized with nano amyloid/hydroxyapatite coatings allow many cross-kingdom tissue engineering and biomedical applications.
Global Burden of Cutaneous Melanoma in 2020 and Projections to 2040
Authors: Melina Arnold, Deependra Singh, Mathieu Laversanne, Jerome Vignat, Salvatore Vaccarella, Filip Meheus, Anne E. Cust, Esther de Vries, David C. Whiteman, Freddie Bray
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Despite many cases being preventable, cutaneous melanoma remains the most serious skin cancer worldwide. Understanding the scale and profile of the disease is vital to concentrate and reinforce global prevention efforts.
Endoscopic tapered sheath-assisted removal of a proximally migrated pancreatic stent
Authors: Akihisa Kato, Makoto Natsume, Michihiro Yoshida, Katsuyuki Miyabe, Yasuki Hori, Itaru Naitoh, Kazuki Hayashi
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic pancreatic stenting is beneficial for patients with a variety of pancreatic conditions; however, proximal migration of the stent occurs occasionally and removal is technically demanding [1] [2]. It is sometimes quite challenging to pass stent-removal devices such as forceps, baskets, and snares across a stricture, particularly in cases in which the migrated stent is located further away from the pancreatic duct stricture [3]. We present an impressive case in which a new endoscopic tapered sheath (EndoSheather; Piolax, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan) ([Fig. 1]) [4] contributed successfully to the removal of a proximally migrated stent in a patient with a distal stricture. This novel device allowed the stricture to be passed and devices to be inserted easily through an indwelling outer sheath, providing a bridge to the target space even in the deep pancreatic tail.
UPFRONT IMMUNOMODULATORY TREATMENT OF IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITOR MYOCARDITIS
Authors: Nicolas L. Palaskas, Bilal Siddiqui, Khatera Shah, Efstratios Koutroumpakis, Cezar Iliescu, Sumit Subudhi, Anita Deswal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
A BAILOUT TECHNIQUE OF VALVE IN VALVE TAVR FOR ACUTE INTRAOPERATIVE HEMODYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE PARAVALVULAR REGURGITATION FROM MIGRATION OF THE ORIGINAL TAVR VALVE
Authors: Akarsh Parekh, Anila Rao, Lakshmi Rao, Mark A. Zainea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
HIGHER LIPOPROTEIN A LEVEL IS ASSOCIATED WITH VULNERABLE CHARACTERISTICS IN NONCULPRIT PLAQUE IN PATIENTS WITH PLAQUE EROSION
Authors: Ayami Kato, Daisuke Kinoshita, Takako Nagata, Kiyoshi Asakura, Masahiro Katamine, Aritomo Katsura, Takuya Hashimoto, Yoshiyasu Minami, Junya Ako
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Incorrect Symbol in a Table
Authors: Gustavo Ospina-Tascón, Diana Martínez, Andrés Gempeler
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Limin Wang, MPH; Wen Peng, MD, MPH; Zhenping Zhao, MPH; Mei Zhang, PhD; Zumin Shi, MD, PhD; Ziwei Song, BA; Xiao Zhang, PhD; Chun Li, MS; Zhengjing Huang, MS; Xiaomin Sun, PhD; Linhong Wang, PhD; Maigeng Zhou, PhD; Jing Wu, PhD; Youfa Wang, MD, PhD
ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY FROM LEFT CORONARY SINUS WITH AN INTRAARTERIAL COURSE IN A WOMAN. CAN WE TREAT IT MEDICALLY?
Authors: Saif El Naser El Nawaa, Mohamed Elmassry, M Rubayat Rahman, Leighann Jenkins, Pooja Sethi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Combinatorial analysis reveals highly coordinated early-stage immune reactions that predict later antiviral immunity in mild COVID-19 patients
Authors: Christophe M. Capelle, Séverine Ciré, Olivia Domingues, Isabelle Ernens, Fanny Hedin, Aurélie Fischer, Chantal J. Snoeck, Wim Ammerlaan, Maria Konstantinou, Kamil Grzyb, Alexander Skupin, Cara L. Carty, Christiane Hilger, Georges Gilson, Aljosa Celebic, Paul Wilmes, Antonio Del Sol, Ian M. Kaplan, Fay Betsou, Tamir Abdelrahman, Antonio Cosma, Michel Vaillant, Guy Fagherazzi, Markus Ollert, Feng Q. Hefeng
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

While immunopathology has been widely studied in patients with severe COVID-19, immune responses in non-hospitalized patients have remained largely elusive. We systematically analyze 484 peripheral cellular or soluble immune features in a longitudinal cohort of 63 mild and 15 hospitalized patients versus 14 asymptomatic and 26 household controls. We observe a transient increase of IP10/CXCL10 and interferon-β levels, coordinated responses of dominant SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 and fewer CD8 T cells, and various antigen-presenting and antibody-secreting cells in mild patients within 3 days of PCR diagnosis. The frequency of key innate immune cells and their functional marker expression are impaired in hospitalized patients at day 1 of inclusion. T cell and dendritic cell responses at day 1 are highly predictive for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses after 3 weeks in mild but not hospitalized patients. Our systematic analysis reveals a combinatorial picture and trajectory of various arms of the highly coordinated early-stage immune responses in mild COVID-19 patients.
Associations of Dietary Cholesterol, Serum Cholesterol, and Egg Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bin Zhao, Lu Gan, Barry I. Graubard, Satu Männistö, Demetrius Albanes, Jiaqi Huang
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Despite substantial research highlighting the importance of exogenous dietary cholesterol intake and endogenous serum cholesterol level in human health, a thorough evaluation of the associations is lacking. Our study objective was to examine overall and cause-specific mortality in relation to dietary and serum cholesterol, as well as egg consumption, and conduct an updated meta-regression analysis of cohort studies. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 27 078 men in the ATBC Study (Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention). Multivariable-controlled cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 31-year absolute mortality risk differences. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies was also performed (PROSPERO [URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ; Unique identifier: CRD42021272756]). Results: Based on 482 316 person-years of follow-up, we identified 22 035 deaths, including 9110 deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Greater dietary cholesterol and egg consumption were associated with increased risk of overall and CVD-related mortality. Hazard ratios for each additional 300 mg cholesterol intake per day were 1.10 and 1.13 for overall and CVD-related mortality, respectively; for each additional 50-g egg consumed daily, hazard ratios were 1.06 and 1.09, respectively, for overall and CVD-related mortality (all P values&lt;0.0001). After multivariable adjustment, higher serum total cholesterol concentrations were associated with increased risk of CVD-related mortality (hazard ratios per 1 SD increment, 1.14; P &lt;0.0001). The observed associations were generally similar across cohort subgroups. The updated meta-analysis of cohort studies on the basis of 49 risk estimates, 3 601 401 participants, and 255 479 events showed consumption of 1 additional 50-g egg daily was associated with significantly increased CVD risk (pooled relative risk, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00–1.08]; I 2 =80.1%). In the subgroup analysis of geographic regions ( P interaction =0.02), an increase of 50-g egg consumed daily was associated with a higher risk of CVD in US cohorts (pooled relative risk, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02–1.14]) and appeared related to a higher CVD risk in European cohorts with borderline significance (pooled relative risk, 1.05), but was not associated with CVD risk in Asian cohorts. Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis, greater dietary cholesterol and egg consumption were associated with increased risk of overall and CVD-related mortality. Our findings support restricted consumption of dietary cholesterol as a means to improve long-term health and longevity.