tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 243: Variation in Both Layperson Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Delivery and Subsequent Survival From Sudden Cardiac Arrest Based on Neighborhood-Level Ethnic Characteristics
Authors: Audrey L Blewer, Shaun McGovern, Robert Schmicker, Susanne May, Laurie Morrison, Tom Aufderheide, Mohamud Daya, Ahamed Idris, Clifton Callaway, Peter Kudenchuk, Gary Vilke, Benjamin Abella
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (B-CPR) delivery and survival from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) varies at the neighborhood-level with poorer outcomes seen in predominantly black neighborhoods. Despite Latinos being the fastest growing minority population in the US, few studies have assessed whether the proportion of Latinos in a neighborhood is associated with B-CPR delivery and survival from SCA. Objective: We sought to assess whether there is variation in B-CPR rates and survival by neighborhood-level ethnicity. We hypothesized that neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Latinos are associated with lower B-CPR rates and lower survival. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, using data from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) Epistry Registry US sites. Neighborhoods were classified by census tract, based on percentage of Latino residents: &lt; 25%, 25%-50%, 51%-75%, or &gt; 75%. We independently modelled the likelihood of receipt of layperson B-CPR and survival by neighborhood-level ethnicity controlling for site and patient-level confounding characteristics. Results: From 2011-2015, ROC collected 27,481 US arrest events; after excluding pediatric arrests, those witnessed by EMS, or occurred in a healthcare or institutional facility, 18,544 were included. B-CPR was administered in 37% events. Among neighborhoods with &lt;25% Latino residents, B-CPR was administered in 39% of events, while it was administered in 27% of events among neighborhoods with &gt;75% Latino residents. B-CPR delivery varied by patient ethnicity with Latinos being less likely to receive B-CPR compared to Whites (OR: 0.73 (CI: 0.62-0.88), p&lt;0.01). Compared with &lt;25% Latino neighborhoods, those in predominantly Latino neighborhoods had lower B-CPR rates (50%-75% Latino: OR: 0.79 (CI:0.69-90), p&lt;0.01, &gt;75% Latino: OR: 0.75 (CI: 0.62-0.90), p&lt;0.01) and lower rates of survival (50%-75% Latino: OR: 0.81 (CI: 0.67-0.97), p=0.02, &gt;75% Latino: OR: 0.62 (CI: 0.47-0.81), p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: Individuals in predominantly Latino neighborhoods were less likely to receive B-CPR and had lower likelihood of survival. These findings could inform future messaging around B-CPR educational initiatives targeting largely Latino neighborhoods.
Journal of Surgical Research, Philadelphia
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 255: Dendrimer-Based N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine Therapy Improves 7 Days Outcomes After Cardiac Arrest in a Rat Model
Authors: Hiren R Modi, Qihong Wang, Sarah J Bertrand, Rangaramanujam Kannan, Sujatha Kannan, Romergryko G Geocadin, Nitish V Thakor
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Cardiac arrest (CA) entails significant risks of coma resulting in poor neurological and behavioral outcomes after resuscitation. Morbidity and mortality in post-CA patients are due largely to the cerebral dysfunction that accompanies prolonged whole-body ischemia called as post-CA syndrome (PCAS). PCAS involves strong inflammatory responses including neuroinflammation. Currently, there are no proven neuroprotective therapies to improve post-CA outcomes apart from therapeutic hypothermia. Furthermore, there are no acceptable approaches which can target neuroinflammation and lead to good neurological outcome post-CA. Moreover, delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier to the target injured cells for treating diffuse brain injury is a major challenge. We hypothesize that dendrimer-based N-acetyl-L-cysteine (D-NAC) therapy ameliorates Neuroinflammation by specifically targeting activated glial cells and leads to a marked improvement in post-CA neurological outcome. we used an asphyxial CA rat model to determine the effects of D-NAC treatment. D-NAC was administered 30-minute post return of spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ROSC). The behavioral neurologic deficit score (NDS score) was evaluated at 4, 24 and 48 hrs post-CA. CA resulted in a 50% decrease in survival and a dramatic decrease in NDS score acutely. D-NAC improved survival to 75% and led to a more rapid improvement in NDS scores when compared to the saline group in the short term while free NAC was not effective. We also tested long term (7 days) behavioral outcomes (novel object and fear conditioning) post-CA. Administration of D-NAC significantly improved novel object recognition and decreases freezing behavior in a novel context suggesting an improvement in cognitive deficits following CA in this model. In summary, acute administration of D-NAC following CA results in physiological and behavioral improvements both acutely and long term.
Sex Differences and Similarities in Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Jacqueline T. DesJardin, Joanna Chikwe, Rebecca T. Hahn, Judy W. Hung, Francesca N. Delling
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

As populations age worldwide, the burden of valvular heart disease has grown exponentially, and so has the proportion of affected women. Although rheumatic valve disease is declining in high-income countries, degenerative age-related causes are rising. Calcific aortic stenosis and degenerative mitral regurgitation affect a significant proportion of elderly women, particularly those with comorbidities. Women with valvular heart disease have been underrepresented in many of the landmark studies which form the basis for guideline recommendations. As a consequence, surgical referrals in women have often been delayed, with worse postoperative outcomes compared with men. As described in this review, a more recent effort to include women in research studies and clinical trials has increased our knowledge about sex-based differences in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, treatment options, outcomes, and prognosis.
Interrelation of functional homologous recombination deficiency and hrr pathway alterations in prostate cancer.
Authors: Jason Zhu, Sherif Mohamed El-Refai, Elizabeth Mauer, Benjamin D. Leibowitz, Landon Carter Brown, Claud Grigg, James T Kearns, Justin T. Matulay, Peter E Clark, Derek Raghavan, Earle F Burgess
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

151 Background: The use of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) may trigger synthetic lethality of tumor cells in the context of deficient homologous recombination repair (HRR). Approximately 10-20% of patients with prostate cancer harbor mutations in the HRR pathway, but HRR-associated mutations do not consistently predict the response to PARPi. Considering alternative methods to define Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD)—the inability to repair double strand breaks—may aid in identifying additional tumors that are sensitive to PARPi. Here, we evaluate the relationship between HRD status and HRR mutations amongst a large cohort of patients with prostate cancer. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 1,022 de-identified patients with prostate cancer that underwent next generation sequencing (NGS) with the Tempus|xT assay (DNA-seq of 648 genes at 500x coverage, whole-exome capture RNA-seq) was performed. Comparison groups were defined based on HRR alterations—either mono- or bi-allelic alterations of BRCA1 or BRCA2 ( BRCA1/2), ATM, or other HRR pathway genes. HRD status was determined via the Tempus RNA-based HRD algorithm. Results: Among this cohort, mono (-/+) or biallelic (-/-) alterations of HRR genes were found in 432 patients: BRCA1/2 -/- (n = 31), BRCA1/2 -/+ (n = 87), ATM-/- (n = 24), ATM-/+ (n = 67), other HRR-/- (n = 54), other HRR-/+ (n = 169) or no HRR alterations (n = 590). The BRCA1/2-/- group had a higher frequency of Asians (17% vs. &lt; 7% in all other groups) and were diagnosed at younger ages (median 62 years vs. &gt; 65 for all other groups). We identified 130/1022 (13%) patients with prostate cancer to be HRD-positive (HRD+) and observed significant differences in HRD positivity according to the type of HRR alteration observed (Table). Notably, 54% (70/130) of HRD+ patients had no mutations in any genes associated with the HRR pathway. Conversely, 89% (278/314) of patients with non- BRCA1/2 HRR mutations were HRD negative. Amongst all individuals with biallelic loss of any HRR gene, HRD positivity was most enriched for BRCA2-/- (16/29, p &lt; 0.001) and PALB2-/- (3/4, p = 0.082). Conclusions: By using an RNA-based HRD algorithm, we found 13% of patients with prostate cancer are HRD+. This RNA-based HRD signature not only captures patients with HRR mutations but also identifies a substantial population of HRD+ patients who are currently undetectable by methods based solely on sequencing HRR genes. Further research is needed to assess the clinical response to PARPi in this HRD+ population, as well as the response to PARPi in the HRD negative population who harbor HRR gene alterations.[Table: see text]
The Journal's Appreciation
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Per Bech, Christoph Flückiger, Martin grosse Holtforth, Andreea Vîslă, Daniel David, Daisy Fancourt, Rosie Perkins, Sara Ascenso, Louise Atkins, Stephen Kilfeather, Livia Carvalho, Andrew Steptoe, Aaron Williamon, Peter C.M. van de Kerkhof, Andrea W.M. Evers, Maaike Ferwerda, Sylvia van Beugen, Piet C.L.M. van Riel, Elke M.G.J. de Jong, Jurgen V. Smit, Manon E.J. Zeeuwen-Franssen, Elisabeth B.M. Kroft, Henk Visser, Harald E. Vonkeman, Marjonne C.W. Creemers, Henriet van Middendorp, Elena Tomba, Jenny Guidi, Guy Chouinard, Marie-Victoire Chopin, Charles-Siegfried Peretti, Pascale Gisquet-Verrier, Christian Hoffmann, Abderrahmane Belaïd, Per Bech, Jan Kvetny, Christina Ellervik, Sven C. Mueller, Jannika De Rubeis, Diane Lange, Markus R. Pawelzik, Stefan Sütterlin, Rita Rosner, Willi Butollo, Regina Karl, Julia König, Pauline Favre, Josselin Houenou, Monica Baciu, Cédric Pichat, Cyril Poupon, Thierry Bougerol, Mircea Polosan, Silvana Grandi, Chiara Rafanelli, Lucia Tecuta, Dirk H. Hellhammer, Michael Linden, Sandra Waeldin, Dominic Vogt, Svenja Koehne, Andrea Behrends, Merle T. Fairhurst, Isabel Dziobek, Satz Mengensatzproduktion, Druckerei Stückle, Druckerei Stückle
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2015)
Reply to Carlos G. Wambier and Gerard J. Nau’s Letter to the Editor re: Karin Welén, Ebba Rosendal, Magnus Gisslén, et al. A Phase 2 Trial of the Effect of Antiandrogen Therapy on COVID-19 Outcome: No Evidence of Benefit, Supported by Epidemiology and In Vitro Data. Eur Urol. 2022;81:285–93. Positive Effects of Enzalutamide for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Karin Welén, Ebba Rosendal, Eva Freyhult, William K. Oh, Magnus Gisslén, Clas Ahlm, Anne-Marie Fors Connolly, Anna K. Överby, Andreas Josefsson
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Second Annual Physics and Biology of Radiology Courses
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Second Annual Physics and Biology of Radiology Courses Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 77, Issue 2, August 1986, Page 593, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.2.593 Published: 01 August 1986
Methods and Techniques in Clinical Chemistry.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

rather than as a balanced review.For instance, the use of Australia antigen testingin the prevention of posttransfusion hepatitis is dismissed in a few paragraphs although it is the most important practical use of their discovery.The delay of two years between writing and publication means that the mono- graph is already somewhat dated.The authors recognize this problem in their Foreword and a supplementary bibli- ography has been included.However, this contains only a small number of references and it is almost impossible to make use of the list because it is arranged
Late, persistent, substantial, treatment-related symptoms (LAPERS) following low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer.
Authors: Wee Loon Ong, Jeremy Laurence Millar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

246 Background: The late, persistent, substantial treatment-related symptoms (LAPERS) is a novel methodological approach to identify clinically relevant and long-lasting symptoms after treatment. It was first reported in a cohort of women with cervical cancer in the EMBRACE study. We applied the LAPERS methodology to report long-term outcomes following low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDRBT) for prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: We studied a cohort of men with PCa treated with LDRBT in a single Australian institution, who completed the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite short-from 26 (EPIC26) questionnaire before LDRBT, and at regular intervals after LDRBT. For LAPERS analyses, 1) we limited the analyses to men with baseline EPIC26, and at least 3 ‘late’ follow-up EPIC26 (from 6 months post-LDRBT onwards); 2) ‘substantial’ symptoms were defined as either ‘moderate’ (score 25) or ‘big problem’ (score 0) in EPIC26 urinary and bowel domain questions which assess the degree of symptom bother; 3) ‘persistent’ symptoms were defined as ‘substantial’ symptoms that present in at least half of the ‘late’ follow-up EPIC-26 assessments. This provides a binary (yes/no) LAPERS outcome. We estimated cumulative incidence of substantial symptom with the Kaplan-Meier methods. We reported on 1) proportion of men with LAPERS, 2) proportion with baseline-corrected LAPERS, 3) prevalence of substantial symptoms at specified timepoint, and 4) cumulative incidence of substantial symptoms. Results: 177 men were included in the study. The median follow-up was 60 months (IQR: 36-74 months). For overall urinary function, the proportion of men with LAPERS was 2.3% (baseline corrected LAPERS 2.3%). The prevalence of substantial urinary symptoms at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months were 5.9%, 4.4%, 2.9%, 0.7%, 1.8%, and 5-year cumulative incidence was 17.8% (95%CI = 12.7-24.6%). For overall bowel function, the proportion of men with LAPERS was 2.3% (baseline-corrected LAPERS 1.7%). The prevalence of substantial bowel symptoms at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 months were 7.6%, 3.0%, 3.6%, 3.6% and 2.2%, and 5-year cumulative incidence was 16.2% (95%CI = 11.3-23.2%). Conclusions: We observed considerable differences between LAPERS, prevalence and cumulative incidence of substantial symptoms in men with PCa treated with LDRBT. Cumulative incidence (‘time-to-first event’ analyses) may overestimate the burden of late toxicities as considerable proportion of patients do not experience persistent symptoms over time, and LAPERS is more reflective of ‘true’ late toxicities, taking into account the duration of symptoms.
Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OF DIABETES MELLITUS -Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.Several pathogenic processes are involved in the development of diabetes.These range from autoimmune destruction of the ␤-cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin deficiency to abnormalities that result in resistance to insulin action.The basis of the abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in diabetes is deficient action of insulin on target tissues.Deficient insulin action results from inadequate insulin secretion and/or diminished tissue responses to insulin at one or more points in the complex pathways of hormone action.Impairment of insulin secretion and defects in insulin action frequently coexist in the same patient, and it is often unclear which abnormality, if either alone, is the primary cause of the hyperglycemia.Symptoms of marked hyperglycemia include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes with polyphagia, and blurred vision.Impairment of growth and susceptibility to certain infections may also accompany chronic hyperglycemia.Acute, life-threatening consequences of uncontrolled diabetes are hyperglycemia with ketoacidosis or the nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome.Long-term complications of diabetes include retinopathy with potential loss of vision; nephropathy leading to renal failure; peripheral neuropathy with risk of foot ulcers, amputations, and Charcot joints; and autonomic neuropathy causing gastrointes-
Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: C. Hirson, E. L. Feinmann, H. J. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1953)

degeneration of the posterior columns and anterior horn cells in the spinal cords from three diabetic patients.Similar changes were described by numerous investigators at the turn of the century (Pryce, 1893 ; Nonne, 1896; Marinesco, 1903; Williamson, 1904; Bramwell, 1907).Pathological studies have not been possible on the present series of patients, but there are clinical features which sug- gest that lesions may be present in their spinal cords.Not only is the disturbance limited to motor function but the distribution of the affected muscles is not compatible with the known distribution of peripheral nerves or nerve roots.The presence of extensor plantar'responses in'three, perhaps four, of the patients is unequivocal evidence of a central lesion.It is noteworthy that the plantar responses became extensor while the patients were under observation and were being treated.In Case 1 they became flexor again after some months.It may well be that the cord changes are secondary to atheromatous degeneration of the spinal arteries, but the patients all had normal blood pressures and there was no clinical evidence of arterial degeneration in their fundi or limbs.In this connexion the duration of the diabetes is probably of little importance.In the present series this has varied from six months to three years, calcu- lated on the basis of the length of history of diabetic symp- toms.This method, although obligatory, is probably falla- cious in the case of middle-aged mild diabetics, and the duration of the disease may well be longer in our series (cf.Case 5).It seems to be agreed that the symptoms of the " classical " diabetic neuropathy usually develop in diabetes of long standing (Rundles, 1945), but this is not invariable.In Jordan's (1936) series of 120 diabetic patients with severe " neuritis " the condition preceded the onset of diabetes in 4, was coincident in 7, and in 28 developed within a year of the onset of diabetes.Whatever the nature and cause of the lesion in these patients we feel that the existence of motor disturbances without objective sensory loss in diabetics, as described by Bruns over 60 years ago, is a fact of clinical importance.These patients are being misdiagnosed as suffering from other, often more serious, neurological conditions. SummaryAttention is drawn to a form of diabetic neuropathy previously described 60 years ago but forgotten.The syndrome consists of asymmetrical pain, weakness, muscle-wasting, and arefiexia in the legs, without objec- tive sensory disturbance, in middle-aged patients with diabetes mellitus of relatively short duration.The pro- tein content of the C.S.F. is usually raised.The plantar responses are often extensor and the electromyographic changes in the affected muscles are compatible with a myelopathic lesion.Five new examples of the syndrome are described and the literature is reviewed.
Typhoid Carriers
Authors: R A IRVINE, W B ROBERTSON
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Mammalian Viviparity: Study of the pregnant armadillo suggests that a temporary degree of mutual immunological tolerance is the " main mechanism of the anomaly of viviparity" (p.1534).Respiratory Virus Infections: Bristol Public Health Laboratory describes the application of up-to-date virus techniques to the study of acute respiratory infections.Adenovirus type 21 was associated with severe infections (p.1536).Bronchiolitis of Infancy: In a Sunderland out- break half the patients showed " undoubted serological evidence " of infection by respiratory syncytial virus (p.1539).Rheumatoid Arthritis: Oedema of feet and ankles is probably due to altered venous function (p.1541).Smallpox Vaccination: Prospective study of foetal hazard when carried out in pregnancy (p.1544).Leader at p.
STREPTOMYCIN
Authors: W. H. B.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1946)

Editorial1 August 1946STREPTOMYCINW. H. B.W. H. B.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-25-2-369 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Excerpt"The story of streptomycin is the story of a search for an antibiotic substance capable of exerting a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect upon gramnegative bacteria, a substance active against these organisms not only in the test tube but also in the animal body, yet not very toxic nor exerting otherwise undesirable effects upon the body, a substance not inactivated by the body fluids and, therefore, offering chemotherapeutic potentialities." Thus runs the opening statement in the review ofStreptomycinby Waksman and Schatz,1who have played such an important rôle in furnishing this new, highly potent antibiotic agent to the medical...1 WAKSMANSCHATZ SAA: A review . . . streptomycin, Jr. Am. Pharmaceut. Assoc., Practical Pharmacy Edition, 1945, vi, 308. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 HERRELLNICHOLS WEDR: The clinical use of streptomycin: a study of forty-five cases, Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin., 1945, xx, 449. Google Scholar3 Streptomycin. A review of current experience, Bull. U. S. Army Med. Dept., 1946, v, 531. Google Scholar4 KEEFER CS: Official statement concerning streptomycin, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1946, cxxxi, 31. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1946Volume 25, Issue 2Page: 369-373KeywordsAntibioticsBacteriaBody fluidsStreptomycin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1946 PDF downloadLoading ...