tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insights from engraftable immunodeficient mouse models of hyperinsulinaemia
Authors: Michelle Maugham-Macan, Patrick Thomas, Gabrielle Crisp, Lisa Philp, Esha Shah, Adrian Herington, Chen Chen, Laura Gregory, Colleen Nelson, Inge Seim, Penny Jeffery, Lisa Chopin
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Hyperinsulinemia, obesity and dyslipidemia are independent and collective risk factors for many cancers, however, there is a lack of suitable mouse models available to study this association.  We examined the long-term effects of a “Western style” 23% high fat diet (HFD, 46% of total calculated energy from lipids) in two immunodeficient mouse strains (NOD/SCID and Rag1 -/-) suitable for engraftment with human-derived cell lines and tissue xenografts. HFD-fed mice of both strains exhibited diet-induced impairments in glucose tolerance at 16 and 23 weeks post initiation of HFD feeding. Only Rag1 -/- mice developed higher fasting insulin levels (2.16 ± 1.01ng/ml versus 0.71 ± 0.12ng/ml, P = 0.01) and increased insulin resistance (6.70 ± 1.68 HOMA-IR, versus 2.91 ± 0.42, P = 0.01) when fed a HFD. Similarly, hepatic steatosis was more extensive, and intramyocellular lipid storage was increased in HFD-fed Rag1 -/- mice. Conversely, NOD/SCID mice exhibited relatively low levels of steatosis and no intramyocellular lipid was observed. These data suggest that Rag1 -/- mice are a more suitable pre-clinical model for examining the interactions between hyperinsulinemia, obesity and hyperlipidemia and cancer than the more commonly used NOD/SCID mouse model.  We next investigated the growth of human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 and LNCaP) subcutaneously injected into hyperinsulinemic Rag1 -/- mice. Compared to normal chow-fed mice, tumor growth velocity was greater in HFD-fed mice with PC3 and LNCaP xenografts, and mice reached humane endpoints (cancer-associated cachexia and tumor burden) significantly earlier (P = 0.0078 and P = 0.031). Strikingly, HFD-fed mice bearing PC3 xenografts presented with significantly greater normalized wet tumor weight (485.16 ± 143.80% vs. 1562.69 ± 338.20%, P = 0.032), tumor volume (485.16 ± 143.80% vs.1562.69 ± 338.20%, P = 0.032) and number of Ki67 positive (proliferating) tumor cells (36.08 ± 2.53% vs. 66.14 ± 8.514, P = 0.032), compared to mice fed a normal chow diet.  In summary, this is the first study of the metabolic effects of a long-term “Western style” HFD in two immunodeficient mouse strains suitable for xenograft studies. We demonstrate that the Rag1 -/- mouse is an appropriate and novel model for studying the interactions between hyperinsulinaemia and cancer.  Citation Format: Michelle L. Maugham, Patrick B. Thomas, Gabrielle J. Crisp, Lisa K. Philp, Esha T. Shah, Adrian C. Herington, Chen Chen, Laura S. Gregory, Colleen C. Nelson, Inge Seim, Penny L. Jeffery, Lisa K. Chopin. Insights from engraftable immunodeficient mouse models of hyperinsulinaemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4819. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4819
Annals Graphic Medicine - My Storybook Villain
Authors: Annie Zhu, Jeremy Rezmovitz, Keira Lomoro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Web ExclusivesAugust 2021Annals Graphic Medicine - My Storybook VillainFREEAnnie Zhu, MD, Jeremy Rezmovitz, MD, MSc, and Keira LomoroAnnie Zhu, MDUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z., J.R.)Search for more papers by this author, Jeremy Rezmovitz, MD, MScUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z., J.R.)Search for more papers by this author, and Keira LomoroVaughan, Ontario, Canada (K.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G20-0100 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z., J.R.)Vaughan, Ontario, Canada (K.L.)Disclosures: The author has reported no disclosures of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G20-0100.Author/Illustrator Information: Annie Zhu, MD, is a neurology resident at the University of Toronto. She is interested in sequential art and exploring narratives in medicine. Her other illustrations and comics can be found at cazezhu.crd.co (e-mail, ay.[email protected]utoronto.ca). Jeremy Rezmovitz, MD, MSc, is a community family physician focused on engagement. He believes in the power of storytelling and enjoys spending time with his patients (e-mail, [email protected]com). Keira Lomoro has recently graduated from high school and will be studying arts and literature in university (e-mail, [email protected]com).This article was published at Annals.org on 10 August 2021. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics August 2021Volume 174, Issue 8Page: W81-W90 ePublished: 10 August 2021 Issue Published: August 2021 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2021 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: W. B. Laskin
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1992)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is an intermediate-grade sarcoma that arises in the dermis of the trunk, proximal extremities, and less commonly, in the head and neck area of adults. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans has a deceptively innocuous early clinical appearance and generally exhibits an indolent course for years before entering a rapid growth phase. Its locally invasive behavior results in early recurrence if prompt, wide excision is not performed. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans rarely metastasizes through the bloodstream or, less often, to locoregional lymph nodes after multiple local recurrences. Fibrosarcomatous areas within the tumor result in a more aggressive course. Although wide excision is the mainstay of therapy, recent trials using the Mohs' surgical approach suggest that this technique may have a role in the future treatment of this tumor.
O-4 Average cumulative relative dose of adjuvant chemotherapy is more important than average relative dose intensity for colorectal cancer survival, with implications for treating obese patients: The OCTOPUS consortium
Authors: C. Slawinski, L. Malcomson, J. Barriuso, H. Guo, A. Harkin, T. Iveson, R. Glynne-Jones, C. Van de Velde, A. Renehan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Douglas K. Owens, Karina W. Davidson, Alex H. Krist, Michael J. Barry, Michael Cabana, Aaron B. Caughey, Katrina Donahue, Chyke A. Doubeni, John W. Epling, Martha Kubik, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Lori Pbert, Michael Silverstein, Melissa A. Simon, Chien-Wen Tseng, John B. Wong
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common chronic blood-borne pathogen in the US and a leading cause of complications from chronic liver disease. HCV is associated with more deaths than the top 60 other reportable infectious diseases combined, including HIV. Cases of acute HCV infection have increased approximately 3.8-fold over the last decade because of increasing injection drug use and improved surveillance.To update its 2013 recommendation, the USPSTF commissioned a review of the evidence on screening for HCV infection in adolescents and adults.This recommendation applies to all asymptomatic adults aged 18 to 79 years without known liver disease.The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for HCV infection in adults aged 18 to 79 years has substantial net benefit.The USPSTF recommends screening for HCV infection in adults aged 18 to 79 years. (B recommendation).
Concerns Regarding Surgeon Special Interest and Years Following Termination of Training
Authors: Tao Pan, Ping Zhao, Jin Yan
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
3 Epidemiology of running-related injuries in the Korean population: a cross-sectional survey of 1046 runners
Authors: HC Rhim, SJ Kim, JS Jeon, HW Nam, KM Jang
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

Aims Running is the oldest form of exercise in human history and the most popular exercise in the world. 1 While running can improve physical fitness and reduce chronic health problems such as obesity and cardiovascular disease, it is also associated with injuries in lower extremities. 2 However, because there was no consensus definition of running-related injury, the prevalence and incidence of running-related injuries had been reported to vary between 19% and 92%. 3 Moreover, epidemiology of running-related injuries in Asian populations has been rarely investigated. Therefore, this study was first to use the consensus definition of running-related injuries published in 2015 3 and investigated the epidemiology of running-related injuries in the Korean population. Methods In cross-sectional design, an online survey was circulated among various running communities in Korea. The questionnaire contained information on presence and location of pain attributed to running, demographic characteristics, weekly running mileage, training intensity, running pace, type of shoes, foot strike, reason for running, and exercise experience prior to running. Results Among 1046 runners (male=624, female 422) who responded, 94.7% experienced some kind of pain while running, but only 37% were categorized to have running-related injuries. The most common site of injury was the knee followed by ankle. Exercise experience prior to running (OR 1.57 95% CI 1.13–2.21), setting of specific running goals (OR 1.57 95% CI 1.08–2.27), and mileage increases from 20–30 km to 30–40 km (OR 1.66 95% CI 1.06–2.63) were associated with significant increases in running-related injuries. Conclusion In order to avoid running-related injuries, runners should be careful in increasing weekly mileage. Moreover, runners with previous exercise experience may need to approach running more cautiously. Setting goals may be motivating but at the same time can increase the risk of running-related injuries. References Videbæk S, Bueno AM, Nielsen RO, Rasmussen S. Incidence of running-related injuries per 1000 h of running in different types of runners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine 2015; 45 (7):1017–26. Van Gent R, Siem D, van Middelkoop M, Van Os A, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Koes B. Incidence and determinants of lower extremity running injuries in long distance runners: a systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2007; 41 (8):469–80. Yamato TP, Saragiotto BT, Lopes AD. A consensus definition of running-related injury in recreational runners: a modified Delphi approach. Journal of orthopaedic &amp; sports physical therapy 2015; 45 (5):375–80.
急性腎損傷および線維症の治療のためのオルチプラズ負荷PLGAナノ粒子のサイズおよび時間依存的有効性【JST・京大機械翻訳】
Authors: Yu Hang, Lin Tingsheng, Chen Wei, Cao Wenmin, Zhang Chengwei, Wang Tianwei, Ding Meng, Zhao Sheng, Wei Hui, Guo Hongqian, Zhao Xiaozhi
Journal: Biomaterials (2019)
Dominance of Alpha and Iota variants in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections in New York City
Authors: Ralf Duerr, Dacia Dimartino, Christian Marier, Paul Zappile, Guiqing Wang, Jennifer Lighter, Brian Elbel, Andrea B. Troxel, Adriana Heguy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

The efficacy of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines is high, but breakthrough infections still occur. We compared the SARS-CoV-2 genomes of 76 breakthrough cases after full vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), or JNJ-78436735 (Janssen) to unvaccinated controls (February-April 2021) in metropolitan New York, including their phylogenetic relationship, distribution of variants, and full spike mutation profiles. The median age of patients in the study was 48 years; 7 required hospitalization and 1 died. Most breakthrough infections (57/76) occurred with B.1.1.7 (Alpha) or B.1.526 (Iota). Among the 7 hospitalized cases, 4 were infected with B.1.1.7, including 1 death. Both unmatched and matched statistical analyses considering age, sex, vaccine type, and study month as covariates supported the null hypothesis of equal variant distributions between vaccinated and unvaccinated in χ2 and McNemar tests (P > 0.1), highlighting a high vaccine efficacy against B.1.1.7 and B.1.526. There was no clear association among breakthroughs between type of vaccine received and variant. In the vaccinated group, spike mutations in the N-terminal domain and receptor-binding domain that have been associated with immune evasion were overrepresented. The evolving dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 variants requires broad genomic analyses of breakthrough infections to provide real-life information on immune escape mediated by circulating variants and their spike mutations.
Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity
Authors: Parsa Erfani, Agnes Binagwaho, Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh, Muhammad Yunus, Paul Farmer, Vanessa Kerry
Journal: BMJ (2021)

<b>Parsa Erfani and colleagues</b> argue that a temporary intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines is vital to increase supply, achieve global herd immunity, and advance global health equity
Mixed Neuroendocrine/Non-neuroendocrine Neoplasm (MiNEN) of the Ovary Arising from Endometriosis: Molecular Pathology Analysis in Support of a Pathogenetic Paradigm
Authors: Roberta Maragliano, Laura Libera, Ileana Carnevali, Valeria Pensotti, Giovanna De Vecchi, Margherita Testa, Cristina Amaglio, Eleonora Leoni, Giorgio Formenti, Fausto Sessa, Daniela Furlan, Silvia Uccella
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2021)

Abstract Primary ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms (Ov-NENs) are infrequent and mainly represented by well-differentiated forms (neuroendocrine tumors — NETs — or carcinoids). Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (Ov-NECs) are exceedingly rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature. A subset of Ov-NECs are admixed with non-neuroendocrine carcinomas, as it occurs in other female genital organs, as well (mostly endometrium and uterine cervix), and may be assimilated to mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) described in digestive and extra-digestive sites. Here, we present a case of large cell Ov-NEC admixed with an endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary, arising in the context of ovarian endometriosis, associated with a uterine endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH). We performed targeted next-generation sequencing analysis, along with a comprehensive immunohistochemical study and FISH analysis for TP53 locus, separately on the four morphologically distinct lesions (Ov-NEC, endometrioid carcinoma, endometriosis, and EAH). The results of our study identified molecular alterations of cancer-related genes ( PIK3CA , CTNNB1 , TP53 , RB1 , ARID1A , and p16 ), which were present with an increasing gradient from preneoplastic lesions to malignant proliferations, both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine components. In conclusion, our findings underscored that the two neoplastic components of this Ov-MiNEN share a substantially identical molecular profile and they progress from a preexisting ovarian endometriotic lesion, in a patient with a coexisting preneoplastic proliferation of the endometrium, genotypically and phenotypically related to the ovarian neoplasm. Moreover, this study supports the inclusion of MiNEN in the spectrum ovarian and, possibly, of all gynecological NENs, among which they are currently not classified.
IFNγ signaling integrity in colorectal cancer immunity and immunotherapy
Authors: Wan Du, Timothy L. Frankel, Michael Green, Weiping Zou
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2021)

Abstract The majority of colorectal cancer patients are not responsive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). The interferon gamma (IFNγ) signaling pathway drives spontaneous and ICB-induced antitumor immunity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the epigenetic, genetic, and functional integrity of the IFNγ signaling pathway in the colorectal cancer microenvironment and its immunological relevance in the therapeutic efficacy of and resistance to ICB. Moreover, we discuss how to target IFNγ signaling to inform novel clinical trials to treat patients with colorectal cancer.
Distinct gut microbial compositional and functional changes associated with impaired inhibitory control in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Jasmohan S Bajaj, Amirhossein Shamsaddini, Andrew Fagan, Sara McGeorge, Edith Gavis, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Lisa A. Brenner, James B Wade, Patrick M Gillevet
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Most cirrhosis etiologies, such as alcohol, hepatitis C, and obesity, involve behavior that require the loss of inhibitory control. Once cirrhosis develops, patients can also develop cognitive impairment due to minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Both processes could have distinct imprints on the gut-liver-brain axis. Determine the impact of inhibitory control versus traditional cirrhosis-related cognitive performance on gut microbial composition and function. Outpatients with cirrhosis underwent two tests for MHE: inhibitory control test (MHEICT, computerized associated with response inhibition) and psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (MHEPHES, paper-pencil HE-specific associated with subcortical impairment) along with stool collection for metagenomics. MHEICT/not, MHEPHES/not, and discordant (positive on one test but negative on the other) were analyzed for demographics, bacterial species, and gut-brain modules (GBM) using multi-variable analyses. Ninety-seven patients [47 (49%) MHEPHES, 76 (78%) MHEICT, 41 discordant] were enrolled. MHEPHES/not: Cirrhosis severity was worse in MHEPHES without differences in alpha/beta diversity on bacterial species or GBMs. Pathobionts (Enterobacteriaceae) and γ-amino-butryic acid (GABA) synthesis GBM were higher in MHEPHES. MHEICT/not: We found similar cirrhosis severity and metagenomic alpha/beta diversity in MHEICT versus not. However, alpha/beta diversity of GBMs were different in MHEICT versus No-MHE patients. Alistipes ihumii, Prevotella copri, and Eubacterium spp. were higher, while Enterococcus spp. were uniquely lower in MHEICT versus no-MHE and discordant comparisons. GBMs belonging to tryptophan, menaquinone, GABA, glutamate, and short-chain fatty acid synthesis were also unique to MHEICT. Gut microbial signature of impaired inhibitory control, which is associated with addictive disorders that can lead to cirrhosis, is distinct from cirrhosis-related cognitive impairment.
Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy using an automated rotor resection device in severe necrotizing pancreatitis
Authors: Sophie Zeuner, Fabian Finkelmeier, Oliver Waidmann, Joerg Bojunga, Stefan Zeuzem, Mireen Friedrich-Rust, Mate Knabe
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Endoscopic transgastric necrosectomy is a first-line treatment for infected pancreatic necroses following acute pancreatitis [1] [2]. However, the accessibility of walled-off necrotic collections in the paracolic gutter often remains challenging. EndoRotor (Interscope Medical, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts, USA) is a novel device for effective necrosectomy [2] [3] [4]. This is the first published case using it in a percutaneous setting.
Use of a detachable snare with polyglycolic acid sheets in a simple and novel shielding method for post-endoscopic submucosal dissection ulcers
Authors: Yoshiaki Kimoto, Ken Ohata, Eiji Sakai, Akiko Ohno, Takafumi Ito, Yosuke Tsuji, Hideyuki Chiba
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Many reports have described a shielding method involving the use of polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets and fibrin glue as a means to prevent post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) complications [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. During this procedure, however, a PGA sheet under little tension easily shrinks when exposed to mucus. Therefore, appropriate PGA sheet delivery is required to keep the sheet dry and maintain its shape.
δ-オピオイド受容体の活性化はPKC-εによりSer368でコネキシン43のりん酸化を誘発し,心筋梗塞サイズを縮小する
Authors: Yano T, Miura T, Miki T, Sakamoto J, Nakamura Y, Ikeda Y, Naitou K, Shimamoto K
Journal: Circulation (2005)
Abstract 15667: Physical Activity, Fitness, Motor Skill and Activity Beliefs of Children with Simple and Complex Heart Defects
Authors: Patricia E Longmuir, Guy Faulkner, Jennifer Russell, Brian W McCrindle
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Children with congenital heart disease have sedentary lifestyles, which pose a risk to heart health. Our study evaluated daily physical activity, health-related fitness, gross motor skill and activ...