tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
When I use a word . . . . Medical trigger warnings
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Various literary figures are having trigger warnings put on them by universities. The warnings tell students that texts contain material that they may find upsetting. Even Shakespeare is not immune. The latest subject of a warning is Ernest Hemingway, for <i>The Old Man and the Sea</i>, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and was specifically commended by the Nobel Committee when it gave Hemingway the Nobel Prize in 1954. Looking again into the textbooks that I used when I was a medical student, I now wonder why nobody issued a trigger warning about them; some of the descriptions they contain are very upsetting. But there is some evidence that trigger warnings are not effective in reducing the anxiety caused by reading texts that might be upsetting. Rereading <i>The Old Man and the Sea</i>, I found it much less upsetting than many medical texts.
Les Phénomènes de Destruction Cellulaire: Autolyse—Hémolyse—Bactériolyse—Organolyse—l'Importance de Leur Rôle en Pathologie.
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biomaterials for Hemostasis
Authors: Aryssa Simpson, Anita Shukla, Ashley C. Brown
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2022)

Uncontrolled bleeding is a major problem in trauma and emergency medicine. While materials for trauma applications would certainly find utility in traditional surgical settings, the unique environment of emergency medicine introduces additional design considerations, including the need for materials that are easily deployed in austere environments. Ideally, these materials would be available off the shelf, could be easily transported, and would be able to be stored at room temperature for some amount of time. Both natural and synthetic materials have been explored for the development of hemostatic materials. This review article provides an overview of classes of materials used for topical hemostats and newer developments in the area of injectable hemostats for use in emergency medicine.
Disposable or non-disposable syringes and needles for diabetics? Strathclyde Diabetic Group.
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In a survey undertaken in the west of Scotland 801 adult diabetics taking insulin were questioned about their use of disposable or non-disposable needles and syringes, the life of such equipment, infected injection sites, and future preferences. Six hundred and eight preferred to use disposable equipment even if it meant reusing it; of the 413 who already bought disposable needles, 211 reused them, and of the 234 who bought disposable syringes, 153 reused them. Comparison of total annual costs showed that disposable equipment used only once was more expensive than non-disposable equipment. Reuse of disposable equipment for a few days, however, considerably reduced annual costs when compared with non-disposable equipment. Fewer infected injection sites were recorded in patients reusing disposable equipment without sterilisation than in patients sterilising non-disposable equipment according to government recommendations.
Books Received.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Russia invades Ukraine again: how can the health community respond?
Authors: Martin McKee, Adrianna Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2022)

On the morning of 24 February 2022, Russian forces invaded Ukraine.As politicians across the world debate political, economic, and potentially military responses, the health consequences to consider are numerous and severe.Most evident are the casualties from the conflict.These will grow as fighting continues, but on 1 March the United Nations human rights office confirmed 136 civilian deaths, including 13 children, and 400 civilian injuries, including 26 children. 1 The true number is probably much higher. 1Russian military deaths are thought to number several thousand.It could get a lot worse.In the face of continued armed resistance from Ukrainians and fuel, weapon, and logistics shortages, fears are growing that President Putin could reduce Ukrainian cities to rubble.Those who view this as inconceivable should remember the devastation and bloodshed brought by Putin's forces in 2000 in Grozny, the capital of Chechnya.
Treatment of choriocarcinoma.
Authors: W. S. Tow, W. C. Cheng
Journal: BMJ (1967)

analysed completely.Nevertheless, the initial results in these prophylactic trials do not appear to support the totally negative view which arises from the experimental work on the therapeutic effect of ascorbic acid which has been reported from Salisbury.These results will be described when the analysis has been completed.-Iam, etc.,
'Red alert!'
Authors: C. Markland
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Care of incontinent male patients, usually incapacitated by spinal cord injury, senility, or stroke, is a vexing nursing problem. In recent years latex condom catheters have been used as urinary collection devices, being simple, inexpensive, and easily changed each day by the patient, relative, or nursing personnel. The report in this issue (p 1238) draws attention to a serious and probably common complication, for there is always a chance that slight compression for one or two days, hidden by the latex sheath, can be disastrous. The simplicity of these devices is appealing, but some caveats are necessary. Whenever a condom collecting device is considered, urinary obstruction must be carefully ruled out by measuring residual urine both initially and periodically thereafter. More than 1 or 2 oz of residual urine should arouse suspicion of overflow incontinence, which requires prostatic surgery or a catheterization program. Other problems, such as phimosis and balanitis,
Five‐Year Structural Changes in the Knee Among Patients With Meniscal Tear and Osteoarthritis: Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial of Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy Versus Physical Therapy
Authors: Jamie E. Collins, Swastina Shrestha, Elena Losina, Robert G. Marx, Ali Guermazi, Mohamed Jarraya, Morgan H. Jones, Bruce A. Levy, Lisa A. Mandl, Emma E. Williams, Rick W. Wright, Kurt P. Spindler, Jeffrey N. Katz
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Objective To estimate the risk of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based structural changes in knee osteoarthritis (OA) among individuals with meniscal tear and knee OA, using MRIs obtained at baseline and 18 and 60 months after randomization in a randomized controlled trial of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) versus physical therapy (PT). Methods We used data from the Meniscal Tear in Osteoarthritis Research (METEOR) trial. MRIs were read using the MRI OA Knee Score (MOAKS). We used linear mixed‐effects models to examine the association between treatment group and continuous MOAKS summary scores, and Poisson regression to assess categorical changes in knee joint structure. Analyses assessed changes in OA between baseline and month 18 and between months 18 and 60. We performed both intention‐to‐treat and as‐treated analyses. Results The analytic sample included 302 participants. For both treatment groups, more OA changes were seen during the early interval than during the later interval. ITT analysis revealed that, between baseline and month 18, APM was significantly associated with an increased risk of having a worsening cartilage surface area score, involving both any worsening across all knee joint subregions (risk ratio [RR] 1.35 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.14, 1.61]) and the number of subregions damaged (RR 1.44 [95% CI 1.13, 1.85]) having a worsening effusion‐synovitis score (RR 2.62 [95% CI 1.32, 5.21]), and having ≥1 additional subregion with osteophytes (RR 1.24 [95% CI 1.02, 1.50]). Significant associations were detected between months 18 and 60 only for having any subregion with a worsening osteophyte score (RR 1.28 [95% CI 1.04, 1.58]). Conclusion These findings suggest that the association between APM and MRI‐based structural changes in knee OA is most apparent during the initial 18 months after surgery. The reason for attenuation of this association over longer follow‐up merits further investigation.
Urinary detection of early responses to checkpoint blockade and of resistance to it via protease-cleaved antibody-conjugated sensors
Authors: Quoc D. Mac, Anirudh Sivakumar, Hathaichanok Phuengkham, Congmin Xu, James R. Bowen, Fang-Yi Su, Samuel Z. Stentz, Hyoungjun Sim, Adrian M. Harris, Tonia T. Li, Peng Qiu, Gabriel A. Kwong
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2022)
History of Pediatrics
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Osteoarthritis endotype discovery via clustering of biochemical marker data
Authors: Federico Angelini, Paweł Widera, Ali Mobasheri, Joseph Blair, André Struglics, Melanie Uebelhoer, Yves Henrotin, Anne CA Marijnissen, Margreet Kloppenburg, Francisco J Blanco, Ida K Haugen, Francis Berenbaum, Christoph Ladel, Jonathan Larkin, Anne C Bay-Jensen, Jaume Bacardit
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Objectives Osteoarthritis (OA) patient stratification is an important challenge to design tailored treatments and drive drug development. Biochemical markers reflecting joint tissue turnover were measured in the IMI-APPROACH cohort at baseline and analysed using a machine learning approach in order to study OA-dominant phenotypes driven by the endotype-related clusters and discover the driving features and their disease-context meaning. Method Data quality assessment was performed to design appropriate data preprocessing techniques. The k-means clustering algorithm was used to find dominant subgroups of patients based on the biochemical markers data. Classification models were trained to predict cluster membership, and Explainable AI techniques were used to interpret these to reveal the driving factors behind each cluster and identify phenotypes. Statistical analysis was performed to compare differences between clusters with respect to other markers in the IMI-APPROACH cohort and the longitudinal disease progression. Results Three dominant endotypes were found, associated with three phenotypes: C1) low tissue turnover (low repair and articular cartilage/subchondral bone turnover), C2) structural damage (high bone formation/resorption, cartilage degradation) and C3) systemic inflammation (joint tissue degradation, inflammation, cartilage degradation). The method achieved consistent results in the FNIH/OAI cohort. C1 had the highest proportion of non-progressors. C2 was mostly linked to longitudinal structural progression, and C3 was linked to sustained or progressive pain. Conclusions This work supports the existence of differential phenotypes in OA. The biomarker approach could potentially drive stratification for OA clinical trials and contribute to precision medicine strategies for OA progression in the future. Trial registration number NCT03883568 .
Demeclocycline
Authors: André De Troyer
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The efficacy of demeclocycline hydrochloride in suppressing the tubular action of tumoral antidiuretic products was tested in seven patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. In all patients, demeclocycline hydrochloride (1,200 mg/day) induced production of hypotonic urine and corrected hyponatremia despite large fluid intakes. Comparison of the response to a standard water load before and during treatment showed a notable improvement in the response to water ingestion. Even though demeclocycline moderately impairs renal function, it appears to be the treatment of choice in the chronic form of the syndrome. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2723-2726, 1977)
Fluorouracil cardiotoxicity.
Authors: A Pottage, S Holt, S Ludgate, A O Langlands
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Our of 140 patients treated with intravenous 5-fluorouracil, four developed ischaemic chest pain within 18 hours of either the second or third dose. In three of these patients the pain recurred after subsequent doses. Predose electrocardiograms in two cases were normal. None of the four patients had a history of ischaemic heart disease, although all had received left ventricular irradiation. Although cardiotoxicity is a rare complication of fluorouracil treatment, it merits wider recognition.
ATIM-38. GLITIPNI: A PHASE 1B CLINICAL TRIAL COMBINING SURGICAL RESECTION WITH DIRECT INTRACEREBRAL INJECTION OF IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Johnny Duerinck, Gil Awada, Julia Katharina Schwarze, Ines Dufait, Stephanie Peeters, Laura Seynave, Anne-marie Van Binst, Hendrik Everaert, Alex Michotte, Anne Rogiers, Vera Van Velthoven, Bart Neyns
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Intravenous (iv) administration of PD-1 blocking mAb is largely ineffective for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (rGB). Combination of iv-ipilimumab (IPI) plus nivolumab (NIVO) is associated with a high incidence of irAE. Intracerebral (ic) administration of immune-checkpoint inhibiting mAb following the resection of rGB could be a more effective and safer alternative to iv-dosing. METHODS Patients underwent maximal safe resection of their rGB followed by ic-injection of 10mg IPI (cohort-1) or 5mg IPI plus 10mg NIVO (cohort-2) in the wall of the resection cavity. In both cohorts 10mg nivolumab was administered iv for a max of 6 doses, starting 1 day pre-operatively. RESULTS 21 pts were included (3 in C-1, 18 in C-2; 8F/13M; median age 56y [range 38–72]; 17 de novo GB, 4 secGB). All patients underwent maximal safe surgical resection followed by ic-injection of IPI and NIVO as planned. Median number of iv-administrations of NIVO was 5 (range 1–8). Treatment was generally well tolerated. Postoperatively, 2 patients experienced a G3 symptomatic increase in perilesional cerebral edema with neurological deterioration, reversible upon steroid treatment. One patient had worsening neurological symptoms related to an inflammatory intracerebral cyst at the resection site, requiring surgical decompression 4 months post-study treatment. Most frequent AEs were fatigue (2pts G3, 8pts G2), postoperative fever (11pts G1) and headache (3pts G2); 1pt developed G3 pneumonitis. No other immune-related AEs or treatment-related deaths occurred. After median follow-up of 60 weeks, median PFS is 14.4 weeks (95% CI 11.2–17.6); 11/21 patients are alive, and 1- and 2y-OS% are respectively 46% (95% CI 19- 73%), and15% (95% CI 0–42%). CONCLUSION This is the first study demonstrating the safety and activity of combined surgical resection of rGB with local intracerebral administration of immune checkpoint-inhibiting mAb. Survival compares favorably to historical controls justifying further investigation of this experimental therapy.
Radionuclide Reduces PSA in mCRPC
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Abstract A phase II trial revealed that the novel radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-PSMA-617 is more likely to elicit a prostate-specific antigen response than chemotherapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In the TheraP trial, 66% of men treated with 177Lu-PSMA-617 had a PSA response, compared with 37% of men who received cabazitaxel.
Current Surveillance After Treatment is Not Sufficient for Patients With Rectal Cancer With Negative Baseline CEA
Authors: Dingcheng Shen, Xiaolin Wang, Heng Wang, Gaopo Xu, Yumo Xie, Zhuokai Zhuang, Ziying Huang, Juan Li, Jinxin Lin, Puning Wang, Meijin Huang, Yanxin Luo, Huichuan Yu
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Serum CEA has been widely used to screen for potential recurrent disease after resection in rectal cancer. However, the influence of baseline CEA on the performance of CEA in recurrence surveillance needs to be investigated.This longitudinal cohort study included 484 patients with nonmetastatic rectal cancer from 18,013 patients in a prospectively enrolled institutional database program of colorectal disease. Baseline CEA levels were determined before treatment, and CEA-based follow-up tests and examinations were applied in the surveillance after treatment.A total of 62.6% (62/99) overall, 53.5% (23/43) local, and 64.9% (50/77) distant recurrences were seen in patients who had similar CEA levels with their baseline statuses. The sensitivity of elevated CEA levels during surveillance for overall recurrence was significantly lower in patients with negative baseline CEA than in those with elevated baseline CEA levels (41.3% vs 69.4%; P =.007). Moreover, similar results were observed in the surveillance for local (50% vs 61.5%; P =.048) and distant (39.6% vs 72.4%; P =.005) recurrences between these 2 patient groups. However, CEA had comparable and excellent specificity during surveillance for recurrent disease in these groups. The addition of CA19-9 to the CEA assay significantly improved the sensitivity in recurrence surveillance for patients with negative baseline CEA (49.2% vs 41.3%; P =.037). Finally, we identified a subgroup of CEA-turn recurrences characterized by negative CEA at baseline, elevated CEA at recurrence, and worse survival outcomes after recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.07-3.30; P =.026).In patients with rectal cancer with negative baseline CEA, serum CEA had insufficient sensitivity in recurrence surveillance after treatment, and additional surveillance may improve oncologic outcomes. Baseline CEA should be considered before CEA-based surveillance can be applied in the follow-up trials.
PLoS Medicine Issue Image | Vol. 8(3) March 2011
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Two articles in this week’s PLoS Medicine discuss the issues that need to be resolved to ensure that open access can provide for global information needs—not just those of the developed world. Leslie Chan, Barbara Kirsop, and Subbiah Arunachalam, from the Electronic Publishing Trust for Development, argue in their essay that unequal access to and distribution of public knowledge is currently governed by Northern standards, a situation that is increasingly inappropriate in what they call the “age of the networked ‘Invisible College’.” Taking as a starting point the concept that open access is sustainable and, in the way it builds independence, has the capacity to establish a strong research base, they add the caution that standards for the assessment of journal quality and relevance in new open access journals must not ignore development needs nor marginalize local scholarship. In a linked Editorial the PLoS Medicine editors agree that much remains to be done in improving access to information in the developing world. They note that by providing a logistical framework for open access, open access publishers have thus far done much to make it possible more widely. However, they conclude that the next crucial step is to engage with readers, researchers, and authors in the developing world to better understand their information needs. Image Credit: John Martinez Pavliga at flickr.com
Corticosteroid therapy and growth.
Journal: BMJ (1969)

PointersRh Immunization: Incidence in Rh-negative women following a single ABO compatible Rh- positive pregnancy found to be about 1700.This emphasizes the necessity of offering Rh- immune prophylaxis to such women (p. 399).Asthma: Study of hospital admissions between 1959 and 1964 suggests increase in admissions is due to number of severe attacks (p.402)." Cold" Cures and M.A.O.I.Drugs: Three healthy volunteers taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors had hypertensive episodes when given proprietary " cold " preparations containing phenylpropanolamine in its free form (p. 404).Lumbar Puncture: Study of patients admitted to a neurosurgical centre re-emphasizes dangers of lumbar puncture when intracranial pressure is high.Plain x-ray of skull helpful in diag- nosing raised pressure (p.407).Osteoporosis: Thinning of clavicular cortex is observable on routine chest x-ray, (p. 409).IgD Myelomatosis: This presents at younger age than other typzs, and extraosseous tumours are commonly found (p. 412).Hypernagnesaemia: In renal failure despite low dietary magnesium (p. 414).Cutaneous Anthrax: Infected bone meal was source of infection in two patients (p. 416).Anti-curarization: Evidence presented that atropine administration should precede neo- stigmine by at least five minutes (p. 418).