tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Real-world evidence of patient-reported outcomes following definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer: Findings from an Australian population-based clinical outcomes registry.
Authors: Wee Loon Ong, Melanie Evans, Nathan Papa, Jeremy Laurence Millar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

244 Background: We aimed to evaluate patient-reported functional outcomes (PRO) following definitive radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCa) in a real-life population-based setting. Methods: The population-based Victorian Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry (PCOR-Vic) captures approximately 90% of all PCa cases in the state. From 2015 onwards, all men in PCOR-Vic were contacted to complete the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite short-form 26 (EPIC-26) at 12-month post-treatment. The EPIC-26 included urinary incontinence, urinary obstructive, bowel, sexual and hormonal function domain scores, ranging from 0 to 100, with higher score representing better outcomes. We estimated differences in the EPIC-26 domain scores between different RT techniques using linear regression, adjusting for patient, tumor, and treatment related factors, including the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The nature of recruitment methods and data collection in PCOR-Vic precluded us from measuring EPIC-26 prior to treatment, and hence this was not adjusted for in our analyses. Results: Between 2015 and 2020, there were 1,898 men treated with definitive RT who completed the EPIC-26 questionnaires and were included in this study – 1551 (82%) had external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) alone, 91 (5%) had EBRT with brachytherapy boost (EBRT+BT), 204 (11%) had low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) alone, and 52 (3%) had high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) alone. There were 1,140 (60%) men who had ADT with RT – 68% with EBRT alone, 76% with EBRT+BT, 4% with LDR-BT, and 21% with HDR-BT (P &lt; 0.001). Compared to men who had EBRT alone, men who had LDR-BT had higher adjusted mean EPIC-26 urinary incontinence (8.6 points; 95%CI: 5.3-12.0; P &lt; 0.001), sexual (13.5 points; 95%CI: 9.2-17.8; P &lt; 0.001) and hormonal score (6.8 points; 95%CI: 3.5-10.1; P &lt; 0.001) at 12-month post-treatment. Compared to men who had EBRT alone, there were no statistically significant differences in all five EPIC-26 domain scores in men who had EBRT+BT or HDR-BT alone. Conclusions: This is the first Australian real-world evidence on PRO for different RT modalities for PCa on a population-based level. We observed better urinary incontinence, sexual and hormonal function in men who had LDR-BT compared to EBRT, but no significant differences between men who had EBRT, EBRT+BT or HDR-BT.
THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Whooping-cough
Authors: H. S. Banks
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Whooping-cough is the most serious and fatal of the infectious diseases of infancy in this country, with the single exception of infantile gastro-enteritis.Almost two-thirds of the deaths occur in children under the age of 1 year, and of these more than half take place in the first six months.In the past ten years deaths have varied between 700 and 2,400 a year, and they generally exceed those of scarlet fever, diphtheria, and measles put together.The respiratory and possibly the nervous sequelae of whooping-cough still lead to long periods of invalidism.Season and Age Incidence Although the disease is more common in winter and spring, it is usually present throughout the year; and between epidemics, unlike measles, it rarely subsides to a very low level.The susceptibility of newborn infants to whooping-cough must be stressed.It has been esti- mated that not more than 25% of infants are born with circulating antibodies, that these disappear within a few months, and that they seldom or never give full immunity.In some infants under the age of 3 months the disease is mild, but many have dangerous cyanotic and even apnoeic attacks during a paroxysm, and these may be fatal from asphyxia or lead to anoXAemnc con- vulsions.About 65 % of children have whoopingcough before entering school.In older children and adults an attack may be atypical and difficult to diagnose; owing to the size of the larynx they do not whoop.Immunity is not necessarily per- manent and second attacks occur, usually in adult life and occasionally in the parents or grandparents of chil- dren with whooping-cough.
Trichinosis.
Authors: J W Todd
Journal: BMJ (1979)

remarkably clear.Taking a second swab, I notified Dr Litt, who on examination found it difficult to believe that this had been a diphtheritic case.He let the child remain, pending the result of the second swab.It was negative.Precisely the same train of events occurred in three following cases-first swabs positive, follow-ups negative.Dr Litt, giving permission for the fourth child to remain in the home, remarked, "I suppose Dr Mitchell wants to prove the efficacy of his homoeopathy."Matron agreed, "Yes, I'm sure he does."
Real-world management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): A national multicenter cohort study.
Authors: Luke Lavallee, Chris Morash, Fred Saad, Steven Yip, Anil Kapoor, Michael Paul Kolinsky, Frederic Pouliot, Elie Antebi, Darrel Drachenberg, Cristiano Ferrario, Geoffrey Gotto, Robert James Hamilton, Jenny J. Ko, Krista Noonan, Alan So, Shawn Malone, Anousheh Zardan, Kim N. Chi, Sebastien J. Hotte, Tamim Niazi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

252 Background: The management of patients with mCRPC has evolved since the introduction of androgen-receptor axis targeted agents (ARATs). The Genitourinary Research Consortium (GURC) initiated a prospective, phase 4, multicentre, non-interventional, longitudinal cohort study of Canadian men with advanced prostate cancer to determine real-world treatment patterns and outcomes. Methods: 25 sites across Canada participated in this study including patients managed by urologists, medical- and radiation-oncologists between 2018 to 2021. Baseline patient characteristics and mCRPC treatment patterns are reported here. Treatment patterns reviewed included time to second-line treatment use and time to progression or death. Results: 136 mCRPC patients were enrolled. Median age was 73 years (range 66 to 80) with 54 (40%) having a Gleason score of &gt;8 at diagnosis. Median PSA at enrollment was 8.9 (2.4 to 25.1) ng/ml. At study entry, 90/132 (66%) patients with mCSPC and 42/132 (31%) patients nmCRPC had progressed to develop mCRPC. One hundred and twenty-one (89%) of patients in this cohort received first-line treatment for mCRPC, the most common was abiraterone acetate + prednisone in 67 (49%) and enzalutamide in 41 (30%), followed by docetaxel in 6 (4.4%), and Radium-223 in 5 (3.7%) patients. During the 25-month median follow-up period (range 6-28), 59 (49%) of the patients receiving first line mCRPC therapy had documented disease progression or death. At the time of last recorded follow-up, 37 (28%) patients who progressed received a second-line therapy for mCRPC. Median time to progression in this cohort was 21 months (95% CI: 15.2 - NE), with ARAT-to-ARAT being the most common sequencing pattern observed in 15 (39%) patients, followed by ARAT to chemotherapy in 14 (37%). Conclusions: In this real-world analysis of mCRPC patients, ARAT therapy was the preferred approach for first-line treatment intensification in over 108 (80%) patients. Despite evidence of poor response rates, ARAT-to-ARAT was the most common sequencing for second line therapy, followed by ARAT-to-chemotherapy treatment. Further analysis and follow-up will help define optimal mCRPC management, in real world setting.
&lt;TITLE&gt;Peripheral Arterial Disease&lt;/TITLE&gt;
Journal: JAMA (2001)

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Dexamethasone and Number of Days Alive Without Life Support in Adults With COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxemia
Authors: Kenza Abouir, Alexandra Calmy, Kuntheavy Roseline Ing Lorenzini
Journal: JAMA (2022)

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Address in Medicine
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1871)

fertile field where I have not ventured to trespass.And if you finid, as doubtless you will find, that here the sword has proved more trenchant thani the pen; that art also as associated with Plymouth has completely distanced literature in the race for precedence ; that, in fact, witlh one VYouth, Nature, aind relenting Jove, Io keep my lamp in strongly strove Buit Romanelli was so stoLt, He beat all three, and ble-w it out."After all, however, he recovered on that occasion, and he adds: " That Nature and Jove being piqued at my doubts, did, in fact, at last beat Romanelli, and here I am well, but weakly."Since the publication of Sir John Forbes's book, and partly, no ,doubt, in consequence of that publication, our views as to disease and its treatment have undergone a very great change.A purely expectant treatment is now as common as then it was rare.It is now fashionable and orthodox to trust to the curative powers of Nature, and to doubt the therapeutic power of art.The pendulum has swung from one extreme to the other.At that time it was said, " that according to the vulgar notion, the function of the physician consists in little else than the prescription or administration of drugs, and the function of the patient in little else than swallowing them."Now, on the contrary, that whiclh was once said satirically, has come to be an almost accepted rule of practice; namely, that " the chief business of the physician is to amuse the patienit while Nature performsi the cure."Now it is a very noteworthy fact tlhat, simultaneously and side by side
Prescription charges.
Authors: J. E. Godrich
Journal: BMJ (1968)

BaJourhave worked in Indonesia, Uganda, and Korea.Barred from surgery in the United Kingdom, in Indonesia I found myself in sole charge of a 300-bedded hospital with around 200 outpatients a day, responsible for the surgery, medicine, obstetrics, etc., for a population of 45,000 persons, the only doctor in a large tract of land.Thus it is interesting to note that the Interview Board believes that non-specialists who undertake surgery add considerably to their income and interest, but that it "cannot always be in the best interest of the patients."I agree that the practice of surgery adds to one's interest, but working for the impoverished Indonesians I considered myself fortunate to receive the equivalent of 7s.6d. for a radical mastectomy.Further, I wonder on what
Abstract 309: A Novel Method to Predict Survival From Ventricular Fibrillation Arrest During Chest Compressions
Authors: Jason Coult, Lawrence D Sherman, Jennifer Blackwood, Heemun Kwok, Peter J Kudenchuk, Thomas D Rea
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Quantitative measures of the ventricular fibrillation (VF) electrocardiogram (ECG) such as Amplitude Spectrum Area (AMSA) assess myocardial physiology and predict cardiac arrest outcomes, offering the potential to guide resuscitation care. Guidelines recommend minimally-interrupted chest compressions (CCs) during resuscitation, but CCs corrupt the ECG and must be paused for analysis. We therefore sought to develop a novel measure to predict survival without requiring CC pause. Methods and Results: Five-second VF ECG segments were collected with CCs and without CCs prior to 2755 defibrillation shocks in 1151 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The cohort was divided into a training set to develop the measure and a test set to evaluate performance. Using segments from 460 training patients, we designed an adaptive filter to remove CC artifacts based on chest impedance and ECG characteristics, derived novel time-frequency and amplitude features of the filtered VF ECG, and trained a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model combining these novel features to predict survival with favorable neurologic status. In 691 test cases, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting survival using the SVM was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.71-0.77) with CCs and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.71-0.76) without CCs (Figure 1). By comparison, AUC for predicting survival using AMSA was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.67-0.73) with CCs (p=0.001 for difference versus SVM) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.71-0.76) without CCs (p=0.68 for difference versus SVM). Conclusions: VF waveform measures such as AMSA predict functional survival when obtained during ongoing CCs, but prognostic performance is reduced compared to CC-free analysis. However, an SVM-based measure combining novel VF waveform features enabled similar prediction with and without CCs. Machine learning combinations of features optimized for use during CCs may thus afford a means for VF prognosis during uninterrupted CCs.
Lymphatic Spread of Carcinoma In Situ of Uterine Cervix
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RESPONSE: More About: Lack of Serologic Evidence for Prevalent Simian Virus 40 Infection in Humans
Authors: D. A. Galloway, J. J. Carter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Virus 40 Infection in HumansWe read with great interest the article by Carter et al. (1).As reviewed by the authors of that article, a number of laboratories have reported detection of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA in human cancers, suggesting the existence of a human SV40-like agent associated with malignant disease.However, Carter et al. have shown quite convincingly that antibodies to SV40 virus-like particles (VLPs) are rare, at least in some popu-lations, in sera of both cancer-free humans and those with cancer.In their article, 6.6% of the sera studied appeared to have antibodies that reacted to SV40 VLPs.However, all of the sera in that group also had antibodies that reacted to VLPs of two ubiquitous human polyomaviruses, BKV and JCV, both of which share extensive homology with SV40.When sera, apparently positive for antibodies to SV40 VLPs, were preadsorbed with BKV or JCV VLPs, reactivity to SV40 VLPs was eliminated.In sera from monkeys infected with SV40, pre-adsorption with BKV and JCV VLPs did not eliminate reactivity to SV40 VLPs, which suggested that what appeared to be SV40 antibodies in the human sera were really antibodies directed to BKV or JCV.The lack of human antibodies to SV40-like VLPs in the study by Carter et al. (1) raises serious questions about the existence of an SV40-like agent in humans and its association with cancer.However, one explanation that has not been seriously considered is the possibility that SV40 DNA might be pseudotyped by BKV and/or JCV capsids.There is evidence (2-5) that SV40 DNA can be packaged in capsids of BKV, or its variant RFV, and also in JCV capsids.Beginning in the mid-1980s and extending into the 1990s, we found (2-5) that blocks of BKV or JCV DNA sequences could substitute for SV40 sequences without loss of viability.Some of the hybrids contained the BKV or JCV late DNA coding region (capsid genes) in place of the late SV40 coding region, but the remainder of the viral DNA, including the T-antigen gene and the regulatory region, was SV40 (3-5).The existence of these infectious hybrid genomes demonstrated that both BKV and JCV capsids could package or pseudotype SV40 DNA.In addition, we found that, although human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells were resistant to wild-type (wt) SV40 infection, they were fully permissive for infection by a chimeric BKV/SV40 genome, from which SV40 T-antigen production was greatly enhanced, apparently by the BKV late region contained in the chimera (3,5).In more recent studies involving co-infection of HEK cells with wtSV40 (strain 776) and wtBKV (O'Neill FJ, Greenlee JE: unpublished data), we have found that SV40 DNA can persist in these non-
Abstract 17396: RV Remodeling in Two Animal Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Xiaoyan Zhang, Daniela Velez-Rendon, Daniela Valdez-Jasso
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Right-ventricular function is a good indicator of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) prognosis. By relating ventricular hemodynamics to wall mechanics, we aimed to discriminate the contributions of ventricular geometric remodeling and intrinsic changes in myocardial mechanical properties in two commonly used PAH animal models at end-systole (ES) and end-diastole (ED) to the maintenance of cardiac output during the early compensated phase. Methods: PAH was induced in 13 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The MCT group (N=4) was injected with a single dose of 60mg/kg of monoctroaline and kept in normoxia for 4 weeks. The SuHx group (N=9) was injected with a single dose of 20mg/kg of sugen, a VEGF inhibitor, and was placed on a hypoxia chamber for 3 weeks followed by 3 weeks of normoxia. 7 animals were used as a control group. In-vivo measurements of RV pressure and volume with preload changes were acquired. To relate ventricular pressure-volume relations to sarcomere mechanics, a computational model of the RV was developed. Using ventricular morphology and volume measurements from PAH groups, sarcomere material mechanics were adjusted to evaluate ES and ED functions in the treated animals. Results: ED pressures rose significantly in the treated groups (31.7 vs. 70.5 and 71.1 mmHg). ED and ES volumes remained the same in SuHx and CTL group, but increased significantly in the MCT group. RV hypertrophy increased in both PAH animal models, but it was significantly higher in the SuHx group. Even though differences in pressure, volume and morphology exist between the PAH groups, SV and CO were preserved in all treated animals. Model material parameters of increased in PAH, significantly in MCT maximal isometric tension. Conclusions: The model analysis suggests compensation to ESP rises was only possible due to a significant increase in the contractility of RV myocardium in the MCT and SuHx animals. No changes in diastolic function were found in the MCT animals, but there was an increase stiffness in the SuHx animals.
Porphyria
Authors: C. Rimington
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Because of heavy pressure on our space, correspondents are asked to keep their letters short.Porphyria SIR,-Numerous attempts have been made during recent years to provide a satisfactory classification of the por- phyrias.All workers are agreed that congenital porphyria (GUnther) is a distinct clinical and pathological entity in which abnormality resides in the haemopoietic system.The acute porphyria and porphyria cutanea tarda of Walden- str6m' appear to involve the liver rather than the haemo- poietic system and were therefore grouped under the head- ing "hepatic porphyria" by Watson et al.,2 to distinguish them from the " haemopoietic " congenital porphyria.Schmid, Schwartz, and Watson' later recognized a mixed
High-dose external BEAM intensity-modulated radiotherapy (HD-IMRT) versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus HDR brachytherapy boost (LD-IMRT+HDR-B) dose escalation for intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Ines Guix, Jose Maria Bartrina, Marco Panichi, Jose Ignacio Tello, Ivan Garcia, Jose Maria Del Campo, Luis Quinzaños, Teresa Maria Lacorte, Teresa Guix, Benjamin Guix, Benjamin Guix
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

263 Background: To report early &amp; late toxicity &amp; biochemical outcome in a prospective series of 1,465 patients with intermediate- or high-risk clinically localized prostate cancer treated with either HD-IMRT or with LD-IMRT+HDR-B. Methods: Between 12/1999 and 10/2011, 1,465 patients (pts) with PSA›10, Gleason score›6 and/or T2b-T3 N0 M0 prostate cancer entered the study. Pts were prospectively assigned to one of the two treatment groups: 76 Gy HD-IMRT to the prostate in 38 fractions (group 1; 733 patients) or 46 Gy LD-IMRT followed by 16 Gy HDR-B given in 2 fractions of 8 Gy (group 2, 732 patients), limiting the maximum rectal dose to 85% of the prescribed dose. Both groups were well balanced taking into account patient’s as well as tumor’s characteristics. Toxicities were scored by the EORTC/RTOG morbidity grading scales. Special attention to local, regional or distant recurrence, survival, late effects, PSA and testosterone levels and quality of life was done. Results: All pts completed treatment. None pts included in the group 1 or 2 experienced grade 3 or more rectal toxicity. 94 pts of group 1 (12.8%) and 20 pts of group 2 (2.7%) developed grade 2 rectal toxicity (rectal bleeding or urgency). 49 pts in group 1 (6.7%) and 10 pts in group 2 (1.3%) developed grade 1 rectal bleeding (less than 2 times/week). With a mean follow-up of 112 months, the 10-year free-from-failure survival was 90.7% and 98.3% (p&lt;0.001) in group 1 and 2 respectively; free-from-metastases survival 93.9% and 97.8% (p&lt;0,002)for group 1 and 2 respectively; and cause-specific survival 90.1% and 98.2% (p&lt;0.001). No complications grade 2-4 were seen in either group. Conclusions: IMRT + HDR brachytherapy boost was a safe and extremely effective method of escalating the dose to the prostate without increasing the risk of late effects. Acute as well as late rectal complications were significantly reduced. Control rates were significantly better in the HDR-boosted patients as expected by higher effective-dose. Brachytherapy boost treated patients had a significant longer survival.