tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mansoor Husain, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Morten Donsmark, Kathleen Dungan, Freddy G. Eliaschewitz, Denise R. Franco, Ole K. Jeppesen, Ildiko Lingvay, Ofri Mosenzon, Sue D. Pedersen, Cees J. Tack, Mette Thomsen, Tina Vilsbøll, Mark L. Warren, Stephen C. Bain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Establishing cardiovascular safety of new therapies for type 2 diabetes is important. Safety data are available for the subcutaneous form of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide but are needed for oral semaglutide.
Adrenal Incidentaloma
Authors: Mark Sherlock, Andrew Scarsbrook, Afroze Abbas, Sheila Fraser, Padiporn Limumpornpetch, Rosemary Dineen, Paul M Stewart
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2020)

An adrenal incidentaloma is now established as a common endocrine diagnosis that requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. The majority of patients can be reassured and discharged, but a personalized approach based upon image analysis, endocrine workup, and clinical symptoms and signs are required in every case. Adrenocortical carcinoma remains a real concern but is restricted to <2% of all cases. Functional adrenal incidentaloma lesions are commoner (but still probably <10% of total) and the greatest challenge remains the diagnosis and optimum management of autonomous cortisol secretion. Modern-day surgery has improved outcomes and novel radiological and urinary biomarkers will improve early detection and patient stratification in future years to come.
Disease
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Prostate Cancer Outcomes in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Authors: Kosj Yamoah, Kyung Min Lee, Shivanshu Awasthi, Patrick R. Alba, Cristina Perez, Tori R. Anglin-Foote, Brian Robison, Anthony Gao, Scott L. DuVall, Evangelia Katsoulakis, Yu-Ning Wong, Sarah C. Markt, Brent S. Rose, Ryan Burri, Carrie Wang, Okoduwa Aboiralor, Angelina K. Fink, Nicholas G. Nickols, Julie A. Lynch, Isla P. Garraway
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Prostate cancer (PCa) disproportionately affects African American men, but research evaluating the extent of racial and ethnic disparities across the PCa continuum in equal-access settings remains limited at the national level. The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Veterans Hospital Administration health care system offers a setting of relatively equal access to care in which to assess racial and ethnic disparities in self-identified African American (or Black) veterans and White veterans.
SANITARY LEGISLATION.
Authors: CLARKE GAPEN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

As I look back over the twenty years of my life and work in medicine, I find that nothing has grown upon me more steadily or forcibly than the belief that the future of medicine is to be largely in the field of sanitation. The medical man who has kept himself abreast with the times has seen one line of treatment and one theory after another give way. My worthy preceptor who presides here, twenty years ago taught me many things that to-day he would declare worthless. All of our teachers have taught us much with regard to medical treatment which has since vanished into thin air like the baseless fabric of a vision, but in all this time sanitation has steadily grown in importance until to-day in practical significance it is not secondary to any other thing, even in medical instruction. The fact that my experience in the line
National trends in the use of beta blockers for the treatment of older patients after acute myocardial infarction JoAnne M. Foody, Deron H. Galusha, Jennifer M. Lewis, Dale R. Burwen, Martha J. Radford, Harlan M. Krumholz. Qualidigm, Middletown, CT, Health Care Financing Administration, Baltimore, MD
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Bridging the research-implementation gap in IUCN Red List assessments
Authors: Victor Cazalis, Moreno Di Marco, Stuart H.M. Butchart, H. Reşit Akçakaya, Manuela González-Suárez, Carsten Meyer, Viola Clausnitzer, Monika Böhm, Alexander Zizka, Pedro Cardoso, Aafke M. Schipper, Steven P. Bachman, Bruce E. Young, Michael Hoffmann, Ana Benítez-López, Pablo M. Lucas, Nathalie Pettorelli, Guillaume Patoine, Michela Pacifici, Theresa Jörger-Hickfang, Thomas M. Brooks, Carlo Rondinini, Samantha L.L. Hill, Piero Visconti, Luca Santini
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2022)
Disruption of the IL-33-ST2-AKT signaling axis impairs neurodevelopment by inhibiting microglial metabolic adaptation and phagocytic function
Authors: Danyang He, Heping Xu, Huiyuan Zhang, Ruihan Tang, Yangning Lan, Ruxiao Xing, Shaomin Li, Elena Christian, Yu Hou, Paul Lorello, Barbara Caldarone, Jiarui Ding, Lan Nguyen, Danielle Dionne, Pratiksha Thakore, Alexandra Schnell, Jun R. Huh, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Aviv Regev, Vijay K. Kuchroo
Journal: Immunity (2022)
Note from the editors: MERS-CoV – the quest for the reservoir continues
Authors: None Eurosurveillance editorial team
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Preview this article: Note from the editors: MERS-CoV – the quest for the reservoir continues, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/18/50/art20663-en-1.gif
一项在一家大型教学医院进行的 5 年皮肤附属器肿瘤研究, 对关联基因诊断提供了启示
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Abstract Linked Article: Cook et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:167–173. 皮肤附属器肿瘤 (SAT) 是一种在儿童和成人中发现的罕见类型的肿瘤 (异常生长) 。不同类型 SAT 可发生于毛囊、皮脂腺或汗腺。SAT 通常很难诊断。某些类型的此类增生物也可能与潜在的遗传 (先天) 疾病相关, 其中一些疾病在肠道或肾脏等身体其他部位的癌症风险增加。由皮肤病理学专家在显微镜下进行皮肤活检 (取一小块组织进行检测) 可检查和诊断 SAT。我们希望了解发现的各种 SAT 类型, 并寻找方法更好地识别具有关联基因诊断的患者。 本研究在英国一家大型医院进行, 病理学家在 5 年内收到超过 100,000 份皮肤样本。在这些样本中, 1615 例为 SAT。我们发现, 在活检之前, 只有 28% 的医生诊断正确, 表明了专业皮肤病理学家诊断 SAT 的重要性。本研究中考察的许多 SAT 类型与基因诊断有潜在关联。确定该关联是否真实存在, 通常需要更多的临床信息, 而这些信息往往不能提供给病理学家。 我们建议病理学家在向临床医生提交的报告中标记任何潜在的关联基因诊断。这将有助于临床医生恰如其分地评估患者, 并决定是否需要对患者进行基因检测。如果发现 SAT 具有相关的基因诊断, 这将对受影响的患者和家人具有医疗影响。 Linked Article: Cook et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:167–173.
<scp>Non‐coding <i>NOTCH1</i></scp> mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia negatively impact prognosis
Authors: Fatima Zahra Jelloul, Richard K. Yang, Peng Wang, Sofia Garces, Rashmi Kanagal‐Shamanna, Chi Y. Ok, Sanam Loghavi, Mark J. Routbort, Zhuang Zuo, Cheng Cameron Yin, Kristen Floyd, Roland L. Bassett, William G. Wierda, Nitin Jain, Philip A. Thompson, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Leonard Jeffrey Medeiros, Keyur P. Patel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)
Abstract 16140: Fontan Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction Have Similar Afterload but More Favorable Ventricular-arterial Coupling Than Fontan Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Shahryar M Chowdhury, Kimberly E McHugh, Stephanie S Gaydos, carolyn taylor, Eric M Graham, Arni C Nutting, Andrew M ATZ
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The cardiac mechanics that contribute to the development of heterogenous heart failure phenotypes in Fontan patients have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in contractility, afterload, and ventriculo-arterial (VA) coupling between patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) versus heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: Core-lab echocardiograms were obtained from the publically-available Pediatric Heart Network Fontan Cross-sectional Study database. Ejection fraction was considered abnormal if &lt; 50%. Diastolic function was defined as abnormal if the diastolic pressure:volume quotient (lateral E:e’/end-diastolic volume) was &gt; 10 th percentile. Patients were divided into three groups: 1 = normal EF and normal diastolic function, 2 = decreased EF with normal diastolic function, 3 = normal EF with abnormal diastolic function. End-systolic elastance (Ees), a measure of contractility, and arterial elastance (Ea), a measure of afterload, were calculated. VA coupling was defined as Ea/Ees. Results: 238 patients (61% left, 39% right ventricular dominant) were included. Differences between groups are reported in the Table. Conclusion: Both Fontan patients with HFpEF and HFrEF display increased afterload compared to their non-heart failure counterparts. However, HFpEF patients displayed a hypercontractile state to maintain a VA coupling ratio comparable to the non-heart failure group. These measures of cardiac mechanics may be useful in identifying the mechanisms that drive Fontan patients toward HFpEF versus HFrEF phenotypes.
A phase I study of first-line L-glutamine (Gln) with gemcitabine (gem) and nab-paclitaxel (nab-p) in advanced pancreatic cancer (GlutaPanc).
Authors: John Davelaar, Mourad Tighiouart, Andrew Eugene Hendifar, Arsen Osipov, Natalie Moshayedi, Veronica Placencio-Hickok, Neil Bhowmick, Jun Gong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS636 Background: Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the preferred first-line treatment for advanced or unresectable pancreatic cancer with combination regimens including 5-fluoruracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX), or gem and nab-p. The use and response of second- and third-line therapies remains dismal, thus the optimization of first-line treatment is critical. Our previous work investigating Gln metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) through glutaminase inhibition indicates that Gln deprivation in PDAC increases cancer cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. However, when PDAC cell were treated with Gln supplementation, there was an increase in PDAC cell death with increasing concentrations of gem. In this present study we aim to test the feasibility and safety of combining L-Gln with gem and nab-p in treatment-naïve patients with unresectable or metastatic PDAC. Methods: This is a single arm, single center, phase I study. The primary objective is to assess the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of L-Gln in combination with gem and nab-p. The RP2D will be assessed by escalation of overdose control (EWOC), an adaptive Bayesian design, through determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) across 3 doses of gem, nab-p, and L-Gln. The MTD is defined as the dose such that the probability of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) at the MTD is θ = 0.33. The first patient will receive 1000 mg/m 2 gem, 125 mg/m 2 nab-p, and 0.1 g/kg L-Gln and the subsequent doses will be determined by the EWOC algorithm. We plan to enroll a maximum of 16 patients. L-Gln is administered orally BID throughout the 28-day cycle with a one-week lead-in prior to the beginning of the first cycle where gem and nab-p are administered on days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle. Key inclusion criteria include: advanced or unresectable, histologically confirmed pancreatic cancer that is either new or recurrent (if recurrent, prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation is allowed but must have been completed &gt;12 months prior to recurrence), ECOG PS ≤ 2 or KP ≥ 60%, and normal organ and marrow function. Secondary objectives are to describe any preliminary evidence of antitumor activity by assessment of objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Since October 2020, 3 patients have been screened and 3 enrolled. Clinical trial information: NCT04634539.
Nonauthor Collaborator Names Added to a Supplement
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Ula Hwang, MD, MPH; Scott M. Dresden, MD, MS; Carmen Vargas-Torres, MA; Raymond Kang, MA; Melissa M. Garrido, PhD; George Loo, DrPh; Jeremy Sze, MA; Daniel Cruz, BS; Lynne D. Richardson, MD; James Adams, MD; Amer Aldeen, MD; Kevin M. Baumlin, MD; D. Mark Courtney, MD, MSc; Stephanie Gravenor, MBA; Corita R. Grudzen, MD, MSHS; Gloria Nimo, RN, NP; Carolyn W. Zhu, PhD; Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations in Care Through Workforce, Informatics, and Structural Enhancement (GEDI WISE) Investigators; Gallane Abraham; Cindy Amoko; Nicholas Genes; Barbara Morano; Denise Nassisi; Joanna M. Ortiz; Laura Rivera-Reyes; Martine Sanon; Jason Shapiro; Gary Winkel; Sanjeev Malik; Mark S. Rosenberg; Maria Christensen; Marianna Karounos; Richard Schultz; Debra Sumberg
Real-world persistence and adherence with oral trifluridine/tipiracil or regorafenib in patients with colorectal cancer.
Authors: Fadi S. Braiteh, Cynthia J. Girman, Jessica C. Young, Mark D. Danese, Debra E. Irwin, Reza Kazerooni, Tehseen Salimi, Robert Morlock, Robert S. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

49 Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) and regorafenib are among the limited treatment options in later lines of therapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). While these treatments have demonstrated similar efficacy, differences have been observed in tolerability and data on the impact of such differences on real-world outcomes are limited. To better understand the real world use of FTD/TPI and regorafenib in the US, we report data for adherence/persistence among patients with CRC initiating these therapies. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study among adults with CRC identified from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Medicare Supplemental Databases, who initiated FTD/TPI or regorafenib (index) from October 2015-September 2019 and had 6 months of continuous enrollment before the index date. Follow-up was until disenrollment or end of study period. Treatment cohorts were propensity score 1:1 matched, adjusting for differences in socio-demographics, comorbidities, and other baseline characteristics. Adherence and persistence outcomes included time to discontinuation (medication gap of &gt;45 days), medication possession ratio (MPR; number of treated days/ duration of treatment), proportion of days covered (PDC; number of treated days/ days in specified time period), and number of prescriptions received. Results: A total of 1477 patients were included: 892 initiating FTD/TPI (60%) and 585 regorafenib (40%). Demographics were similar prior to matching: mean age was 58 and 59 years, and 57% and 59% were male, in the FTD/TPI and regorafenib groups, respectively. Mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score (excluding cancer) was 0.69 for FTD/TPI initiators and 0.62 for regorafenib initiators. For the matched cohorts (n=585 in each), measures of adherence and persistence (Table) showed longer time to discontinuation (2.5 vs. 2.0 months; p&lt;0.01), and a higher MPR (0.90 vs. 0.87; p&lt;0.01), PDC (at 3 months, 0.74 vs. 0.63; p&lt;0.01), and proportion of patients receiving ≥2 prescriptions (76% vs. 63%; p&lt;0.01) with FTD/TPI vs. regorafenib. Conclusions: Results of this real-world study suggest that patients with CRC initiating FTD/TPI have improved adherence and persistence with therapy compared with those initiating regorafenib. Reasons for this difference and potential impacts on health outcomes require further study. [Table: see text]
Abstract P065: Lifetime Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes by Levels of Adiposity in the US Population
Authors: Justin B Echouffo Tcheugui, Michael P Banks, Hongyan Hongyan Ning, Mercedes R Canerthon, Ramachandran S Vasan, Donald J Lloyd-Jones, John T Wilkins
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Prior estimates of lifetime risk (LTR) for developing type 2 diabetes (diabetes) among US adults have been derived using Markov modeling, thus were not based on longitudinal data. We use pooled data from several US community-based cohorts to estimate the LTR of diabetes according to age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Hypothesis: Higher BMI is associated with higher LTR of diabetes irrespective of the index age; and men have a higher LTR of diabetes compared to women. Methods: We pooled individual-level data from 7 US-based cohorts: Framingham Heart Study; Framingham Offspring Heart Study; Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA); Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC); Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS); Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA); and Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Participants were free of diabetes (fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl or use of medications) at index age, and were categorized by BMI (normal weight [&lt;25 kg/m 2 ], overweight [25-29 kg/m 2 ] and obese (BMI≥30 kg/m 2 )]. The LTR of diabetes, at index age 55, was derived modified Kaplan-Meier estimator adjusting for competing risk of death free from diabetes. Results: Our sample consisted of 14139 Black and White participants (56% female). At index age 55 years, the 25-year adjusted risk for diabetes was 5.3% (95% confidence interval: 4.1-6.6%) in men and 2.8% (2.2-3.5%) in women with normal weight (Figure). The corresponding risks for diabetes among overweight participants were 11.0% (9.7-12.3%) in men and 8.5% (7.3-9.7%) in women. In obese individuals, the 25-year risk for diabetes was 24.3% (21.9- 26.6%) in men, and 20.4% (18.6-22.2%) in women. Conclusions: In this sample of middle-aged US adults , long-term risk for diabetes was substantially higher in overweight and obese participants. These data strongly suggest that lowering the population burden of obesity is critical for lowering the population burden of diabetes.
Clinical relevance of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery following neoadjuvant modified FOLFIRINOX.
Authors: So Heun Lee, Changhoon Yoo, Sora Kang, Heung-Moon Chang, Jae Ho Jeong, Kyu-Pyo Kim, Baek-Yeol Ryoo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

546 Background: The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) following curative-intent surgery in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients who had received neoadjuvant modified FOLFIRINOX (mFOLFIRINOX) remains unidentified. This retrospective analysis aimed to assess the clinical relevance of ACT in patients who underwent surgery following neoadjuvant mFOLFIRINOX. Methods: Between January 2017 and December 2020, 220 patients received neoadjuvant mFOLFIRINOX and underwent pancreatectomy for localized PDAC at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Patients unable to undergo curative-intent surgical resection (R0 or R1) and those with histological types other than ductal adenocarcinoma were excluded. Survival outcomes were compared according to ACT administration. Disease-free survival (DFS) was defined as the duration between surgery and recurrence or death of any etiology, whichever occurred first; and overall survival (OS) was that between surgery and death from any etiology. Results: ACT was administered to 150 (68.2%) patients. ACT recipients were significantly younger (median age, 61 vs. 64, p = 0.035) and they received significantly fewer cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (median, 7 vs. 9, p = 0.0001) compared to non-recipients. As ACT, mFOLFIRINOX (n = 98, 65.3%), gemcitabine monotherapy (n = 39, 26.0%), and gemcitabine-capecitabine (n = 4, 2.7%) were administered. ACT recipients showed significantly better survival outcomes compared to non-recipients; median DFS 13.4 months (95% CI, 10.7–18.8) vs. 8.3 months (95% CI, 4.9–16.0), respectively (p = 0.0042); and median OS 33.4 months (95% CI, 29.9–NA) vs. 23.8 months (95% CI, 17.9–NA), respectively (p = 0.0021). DFS and OS were significantly better in ACT recipients regardless of the lymph node (LN) status during surgery (p = 0.033 for DFS and p = 0.027 for OS in negative LN; and p = 0.032 for DFS and p = 0.012 for OS in positive LN). There was no significant difference in DFS (p = 0.79) and OS (p = 0.49) between mFOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine-based regimens. In multivariate analysis, ACT remained significant as a favorable prognostic factor (DFS, hazard ratio [HR] 0.43 (95%CI, 0.26–0.71, p = 0.001); OS, HR 0.33 (95%CI, 0.17–0.64, p = 0.001). Conclusions: In PDAC patients who underwent surgery following neoadjuvant mFOLFIRINOX, ACT may be associated with improved survival outcomes. Its benefit was not affected by the LN status and ACT regimens.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Surgical Site Infections—A Double-edged Sword for Oncology Patients?
Authors: Valerae O. Lewis, Christina L. Roland
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Vaginal spermicides and congenital disorders
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In response to Dr Grossman's query, none of the babies with the anomalies associated with spermicide use were born of mothers who had diabetes, hypertension, chronic heart disease, or epilepsy. Less than 3% of the mothers in the entire series were treated for such conditions. What Dr Felarca and associates have described as "flaws" in our study we consider to be limitations that dictate a conservative interpretation of the results. With regard to their major concern, it should be understood, however, that misclassification of exposure, if random, tends to lead to the absence of an association rather than to a positive association.<sup>1</sup>Indeed, if the association between spermicides and congenital disorders is real, the estimates of the effect in our data are likely to be too small, since many of the women classified as exposed to spermicides were doubtless not exposed near the time of conception. As