tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A normal variant on Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI whole-body imaging: the superior right atrial wall (auricle) and superoanterior right ventricular wall are often seen as mediastinal lesions.
Authors: CHUN KIM, EUNA JUNG, MIJIN YUN, MORDECHAI LORBERBOYM, JEFFERY MECHANICK, DONALD BERGMAN, WILLIAM INABNET, BORYS KRYNYCKYI, JOSEF MACHAC
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Purpose The authors have often observed on Tl-201 and Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI) scans in patients with thyroid cancer a small focus of increased uptake in the right midparasternal region (focus A) or sometimes in the lower mid chest at the level of the lower sternum (focus B) just inferomedial to focus A. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of this finding on Tl-201 MIBI studies, to assess the incidence of true pathologic lesions corresponding to these foci, and to identify their nature. Materials and Methods One hundred ten whole body Tl-201 studies using 4 mCi (148 MBq) and 84 MIBI studies using 20 mCi (740 MBq: first-pass, planar, and SPECT images) were reviewed. The appearance of either focus A or focus B on three orthogonal SPECT images was correlated with an atlas of cross-sectional anatomy and computed tomography. If focus A was seen on the immediate static image (obtained at the end of the first-pass acquisition without moving the patient), this image was coregistered with a selected image from the first-pass study showing the superior vena cava and also with another selected image showing the ascending aorta. Results Focus A was seen in 40% of Tl-201 scans and in 49% of MIBI scans, whereas focus B was seen in 20% of Tl-201 scans and 39% of MIBI scans. On correlation of the SPECT images with a cross-sectional anatomy atlas, focus A and focus B invariably corresponded to the superior portion of the right auricle and basal superoanterior right ventricular wall, respectively. These myocardial regions are prominent and sometimes appear as discrete foci because they are considerably thicker than other parts of the right atrial and right ventricular muscle, respectively, and because they are seen partly end-on in the anterior projection. Conclusions The superior portion of the right auricle and basal superoanterior right ventricular myocardium often appear as isolated foci on whole-body Tl-201 and MIBl scans. Neither focus should be interpreted as a metastatic lesion in patients with possible cancer or as an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in patients with hyperparathyroid disease.
Silencing of LINE-1 retrotransposons is a selective dependency of myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhimin Gu, Yuxuan Liu, Yuannyu Zhang, Hui Cao, Junhua Lyu, Xun Wang, Annika Wylie, Simon J. Newkirk, Amanda E. Jones, Michael Lee, Giovanni A. Botten, Mi Deng, Kathryn E. Dickerson, Cheng Cheng Zhang, Wenfeng An, John M. Abrams, Jian Xu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2021)
Demonstration of the presence of slow conduction during sustained ventricular tachycardia in man: use of transient entrainment of the tachycardia.
Authors: KOkumura, BOlshansky, R WHenthorn, A EEpstein, V JPlumb, A LWaldo
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To test the hypothesis that an area of slow conduction is present during reentrant ventricular tachycardia in man, and that the earliest activation site during ventricular tachycardia is within or orthodromically just distal to the area of slow conduction in the reentry loop, we studied 12 episodes of ventricular tachycardia (mean rate 185 +/- 32 beats/min) that were induced in nine patients with ischemic heart disease. Rapid ventricular pacing was performed at selected sites during ventricular tachycardia while recording electrograms from an early activation site relative to the onset of the QRS complex (site A) and from a site close to the pacing site (site B). Rapid pacing from the right ventricular apex during ventricular tachycardia with a right bundle branch block pattern and from selected left ventricular sites during ventricular tachycardia with a left bundle branch block pattern (mean pacing rate 202 +/- 38 beats/min) resulted in constant ventricular fusion beats on the electrocardiogram except f...
Effects of MK-801 on cerebral regional oxygen consumption in focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
Authors: O ZChi, MAnwar, A KSinha, H RWeiss
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

This investigation tested in rats whether MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, would improve the balance of oxygen supply and consumption in the focal ischemic area of the brain induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Fifteen minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 5 mg/kg MK-801 was administered intravenously to the MK-801 group (n = 12), and normal saline was given to the control group (n = 12). One hour after the occlusion in each group, regional cerebral blood flow was determined in six rats using [14C]iodoantipyrine, and regional arterial and venous oxygen saturations were determined using a microspectrophotometric technique in the other six rats. In both groups of animals, the cerebral blood flow of the ischemic cortex was significantly lower than that of the contralateral cortex (36 +/- 16 [SD] and 67 +/- 14 ml/min/100 g for the control group; 33 +/- 10 and 58 +/- 11 ml/min/100 g for the MK-801 group, respectively). Oxygen extraction was significantly higher in t...
Presence, evolving changes, and prognostic implications of myocardial damage detected in idiopathic and alcoholic dilated cardiomyopathy by 111In monoclonal antimyosin antibodies.
Authors: DObrador, MBallester, ICarrió, CMoya, IBosch, VMartí, LBernà, MEstorch, CUdina, JMarrugat
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDThe clinical relevance of myocardial cell damage in dilated cardiomyopathy is uncertain. Myocardial uptake of 111In monoclonal antimyosin antibodies (MAA) was used to study myocardial damage in patients with idiopathic (IDC) and alcoholic (ADC) dilated cardiomyopathy and to assess its prognostic implications.METHODS AND RESULTSMAA and echocardiographic studies were performed in 117 patients. Intensity of antibody uptake was measured by heart-to-lung ratio (HLR) (normal < 1.55). Studies were repeated in survivors and patients who did not receive a cardiac transplant. Follow-up extended up to 62 months (mean, 23 +/- 16 months). Eighty-eight patients with IDC showed a 77% prevalence of abnormal MAA. After acute-onset IDC, reduction of HLR (1.81 +/- 0.2 to 1.56 +/- 0.1) (P = .007) with improvement in ejection fraction (EF) (35 +/- 10% to 46 +/- 14%) (P = .018) was observed. No changes in HLR or EF were detected in patients with chronic stable IDC. Twenty-nine patients with ADC showed a lower prevale...
Altered myocardial force-frequency relation in human heart failure.
Authors: L AMulieri, GHasenfuss, BLeavitt, P DAllen, N RAlpert
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDIn congestive heart failure (idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy), exercise is accompanied by a smaller-than-normal decrease in end-diastolic left ventricular volume, depressed peak rates of left ventricular pressure rise and fall, and depressed heart-rate-dependent potentiation of contractility (bowditch treppe). We studied contractile function of isolated left ventricular myocardium from New York Heart Association class IV-failing and nonfailing hearts at physiological temperature and heart rates in order to identify and quantitate abnormalities in myocardial function that underlie abnormal ventricular function.METHODS AND RESULTSThe isometric tension-generating ability of isolated left ventricular strips from nonfailing and failing human hearts was investigated at 37 degrees C and contraction frequencies ranging from 12 to 240 per minute (min-1). Strips were dissected using a new method of protection against cutting injury with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) as a cardioplegic agent. In nonfaili...
Quantification of baroreceptor influence on arterial pressure changes seen in primary angiotension-induced hypertension in dogs.
Authors: A WCowley, J WDeClue
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

We studied the role of the sino-aortic baroreceptors in the gradual development of hypertension induced by prolonged administration of small amounts of angiotensin II (A II) in intact dogs and dogs with denervated sino-aortic baroreceptors. Short-term 1-hour infusions of A II(1.0-100 ng/kg per min) showed that conscious denervated dogs had twice the pressor sensitivity of intact dogs. Long-term infusions of A II at 5.0 ng/kg per min (2-3 weeks) with continuous 24-hour recordings of arterial pressure showed that intact dogs required 28 hours to reach the same level of pressure attained by denervated dogs during the 1st hour of infusion. At the 28th hour the pressure in both groups was 70% of the maximum value attained by the 7th day of infusion. Both intact and denervated dogs reached nearly the same plateau level of pressure, the magnitude being directly related both the the A II infusion rate and the daily sodium intake. Cardiac output in intact dogs initially decreased after the onset of A II infusion, ...
Advanced Histology In Diminutive And Tiny Colorectal Polyps: Prevalence And Clinical Implications For The Resect And Discard Strategy
Authors: A Rossell, C Mármol, A Arnau, N Ascón, J da Costa, I Puig
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Both European and American guidelines suggest that, under strictly controlled conditions, optical diagnosis can replace histopathological diagnosis in diminutive colorectal polyps (resect and discard strategy). However, the low, but not negligible, prevalence of advanced histology has prevented its wide implementation. Moreover, in Eastern countries, a higher prevalence of submucosal invasion has been found in non-polypoid diminutive lesions. The main aim is to compare the prevalence of advanced histology in diminutive and tiny (≤3mm) polyps in order to find a safer threshold.
Ca2+-transport ATPases of vascular smooth muscle.
Authors: J AEggermont, MVrolix, LRaeymaekers, FWuytack, RCasteels
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

To characterize the Ca2+-transport properties of the plasma membrane and of the endoplasmic reticulum of bovine pulmonary artery, membrane vesicles are subfractionated by a procedure of density-gradient centrifugation that takes advantage of the selective effect of digitonin on the density of plasma-membrane vesicles. The obtained endoplasmic-reticulum fraction contains hardly any plasma-membrane vesicles, whereas the plasma-membrane fraction is still contaminated by a substantial amount of endoplasmic-reticulum vesicles. An adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) energized Ca2+-transport system and a Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity are present in both subcellular fractions. The Ca2+ transport by the plasma membrane is catalyzed by a (Ca2+,Mg2+)-ATPase of Mr 130,000. It binds calmodulin and it has a low steady-state phosphoprotein intermediate level. The endoplasmic-reticulum vesicles contain a Ca2+-transport ATPase of Mr 100,000 that is characterized by a high steady-state phosphointermediate level. It is antige...
Why can’t I see in the dark?
Authors: Selina Khan, Sophie Beavers, Claire Rice, Denize Atan
Journal: BMJ (2021)

A man in his 70s presented with an eight month history of bilateral progressive visual loss. Initially, he could see well in bright daylight but was unable to see in the dark. He described his peripheral vision as becoming darker over time, until eventually he was unable to see in bright or dim light conditions.

He was congenitally deaf and communicated with sign language. He had no previous visual problems. Both parents and two siblings were also congenitally deaf; no family members were visually impaired.

Over the previous year the patient had lost about 13 kg in weight, despite consuming a healthy balanced diet, had chronic abdominal discomfort, and passed frequent loose, pale stools. Previous investigations showed microcytic anaemia with low ferritin levels (14 μg/L, normal range 33-490 μg/L). The results of computed tomography colonoscopy and chest radiography were normal and the patient was waiting for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as an outpatient. His only medication was vitamin B12 injections for macrocytic anaemia diagnosed five years earlier.

On examination, the patient’s visual acuity of both eyes was reduced to …
Significance of the transmural diminution in regional hydrogen ion production after repeated coronary artery occlusions.
Authors: K GWarner, S FKhuri, WMarston, SSharma, M DButler, S NAssousa, A JSaad, S YSiouffi, P TLavin
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Previous studies have revealed that the regional accumulation of ischemic metabolites including hydrogen ion (H+) and PCO2 diminish after repeated occlusions. We postulated that this diminution reflects a blunted metabolic response that is related to the severity of ischemic injury and, hence, may be most pronounced in subendocardial (ENDO) regions. To investigate this hypothesis, the left anterior descending coronary artery was serially occluded three times in 51 dogs for a period of either 3 minutes (n = 15), 5 minutes (n = 18), or 15 minutes (n = 18). Each occlusion was separated by 45 minutes of reperfusion. Myocardial [H+] was measured in the endomyocardium and in the epimyocardium of the ischemic anterior wall by use of miniature pH glass electrodes. Accumulation of H+ during occlusion (delta [H+]) in the ENDO region was significantly less during the second occlusion when compared with the first occlusion (3-minute occlusions: 28.2 +/- 3.7 nM/l vs. 39.4 +/- 5.4 nM/l, p less than 0.002; 5-minute occl...
[125I]Aminobenzyladenosine, a new radioligand with improved specific binding to adenosine receptors in heart.
Authors: JLinden, APatel, SSadek
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The density of adenosine receptors in membranes derived from rat hearts in 25 times lower than the density of receptors in rat brain membranes. Consequently, adenosine radioligands which are useful in brain such as l-[3H]phenylisopropyladenosine, [3H]cyclohexyladenosine, [3H]-2-chloroadenosine and l-[125I]hydroxyphenylisopropyladenosine are of limited usefulness in heart, due to a high ratio of nonspecific to specific binding. We have synthesized a new radioligand, [125I]-N6-4-aminobenzyladenosine, which binds to rat heart membranes with one-sixth the nonspecific binding of the other radioligands. [125I]-N6-4-aminobenzyladenosine bound to rat ventricle membranes with a KD equivalent to that of l-[125I]hydroxyphenylisopropyladenosine and a Bmax of 15.2 fmol/mg protein. [125I]-N6-4-aminobenzyladenosine bound with a higher affinity to brain (KD = 1.93 nM) than to heart membranes (KD = 11.6 nM). At the radioligand KD, 60% of the total [125I]-N6-4-aminobenzyladenosine bound to heart membranes was specifically ...
Selective inhibition of T-type Ca2+ channels by Ro 40-5967.
Authors: S KMishra, KHermsmeyer
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The present study shows that the chemically novel nondihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonist, Ro 40-5967, blocks T-type divalent ion currents in vascular muscle cells. T-type Ca2+ channels were blocked selectively and completely by therapeutic concentrations of 1 to 10 mumol/L Ro 40-5967, at which there was only 25% to 70% block of L-type Ca2+ currents. Using the combination of Ro 40-5967 and nisoldipine, a dihydropyridine selective for L-type Ca2+ channels, we found that all Ca2+ current could be completely blocked; thus, Ro 40-5967 is the first Ca2+ channel blocker to eliminate dihydropyridine-insensitive voltage-dependent Ca2+ current at therapeutically useful concentrations. The stepwise sequential block of T- and L-type Ca2+ currents demonstrated in the present study fulfills the functional criterion for the separate identity of the two Ca2+ channel types, and introduces a pharmacological tool that promises to be important in the exploration of T-type Ca2+ channel function.
Malignant hypertension due to musculo-mucoid intimal hyperplasia of intrarenal arteries. Absence of renal fibrinoid necrosis.
Authors: J APitcock, J GJohnson, LShare, F EHatch, S RAcchiardo, W DBlack, E EMuirhead
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Severe essential hypertension in a subset of American black subjects is associated with marked stenosis of interlobular arteries and arterioles of the kidneys, observed by renal biopsy and binephrectomy specimens. The interlobular arterial stenosis is caused by marked thickening of the intima due mainly to the presence of smooth muscle cells, basement membrane material, and acid mucopolysaccharide. Because of this makeup, we propose the term  intimal hyperplasia for this lesion. The media of these arteries appears maximally dilated, and by electron microscope displays degenerative changes of the smooth muscle cells. The arterioles are thickened, due mainly to hyalinization, but also due to the musculo-mucoid change (onionskin effect). The smooth muscle cells are degenerated and atrophic. These patients do not exhibit fibrinoid necrosis of the arteries, arterioles, and glomeruli, presumably because of the rapidity of the development of the arterial stenotic lesion. Accordingly, the glomerul...
Renal cortical blood flow in glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat.
Authors: T WKurtz, R MMaletz, C HHsu
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Renal hemodynamics and renal function were evaluated in rats at 3, 24, and 48 hours and at 7 days after the induction of acute renal failure (ARF) by glycerol injection. Three hours after induction of ARF, creatinine clearance was 0.04 ml/min/100 g; renal blood flow (RBF), 1.99 ml/min/100 g; and filtration fraction, 3.7%. All were abnormally low. Although the administration of isotonic saline (total dose, 3% of body weight) to rats 3 hours after glycerol injection significantly improved creatinine clearance (0.17 ml/min/100 g), RBF (2.54 ml/min/100 g), and filtration fraction (12.9%), these values still were significantly lower than those of controls (creatinine clearance = 0.50 ml. ml/min/100 g, RBF = 4.92 ml/min/100 g, filtration fraction = 20.0%, all P values less than 0.001). Serum creatinine concentrations were significantly elevated at 24 hours (3.72% gm/100 ml), 48 hours (4.69 mg/100 ml), and 7 days (0.66 mg/100 ml) after glycerol injection compared to control (0.46 mg/100 ml, all P less than 0.01)...
Cross-sectional echocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Identification of the relation of the ventricles and great arteries.
Authors: W LHenry, B JMaron, J MGriffith
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Using a mechanical sector-scanner, two-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained from 28 normal subjects, 15 patients with tetralogy of Fallot, 11 patients with complete transposition of the great arteries and six patients with double outlet right ventricle. The image obtained perpendicular to the long axis of the left ventricle at the base of the venticular septum was superimposed on the image obtained perpendicular to the long axis at the origin of the great arteries. In normal subjects, these superimposed images demonstrated that the aorta originated posterior and to the left of the ventricular septum. In patients with tetralogy of Fallot, the aorta was displaced anterior and to the right resulting in the aorta over-riding the ventricular septum. In patients with double outlet right ventricle both great arteries originated anterior to the ventricular septum (i.e., from the right ventricle). In patients with complete transposition, the aorta originated anterior and the pulmonary artery posterior to the ...
Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty for non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: N Jagtap, R Kalapala, A Katakwar, H Kanakagiri, S Darisetty, DN Reddy
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims ​​​​Adequate weight loss can lead to reduction in steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in patients with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). We evaluated role of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty(ESG) in patient with obesity and NAFLD.
Coexistence of functional Kent and Mahaim-type tracts in the pre-excitation syndrome. Demonstration by catheter techniques and epicardial mapping.
Authors: A MTonkin, F ADugan, R HSvenson, W CSealy, A GWallace, J JGallagher
Journal: Circulation (1975)

An unusual patient with Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve and the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is presented. Ventricular pre-excitation related to conduction over both a right posterior Kent bundle and Mahaim fibers coursing from the atrioventricular node to the right ventricle. Two types of supraventricular tachycardia were demonstrable. These were due to re-entry involving antegrade conduction over either the normal or Mahaim paths, and retrograde retrograde conduction via the Kent bundle. Surgical division of the Kent bundle has abolished the clinically debilitating arrhythmias.
Comparison of ejection phase indices of left ventricular performance in infants and children.
Authors: E AFisher, I WDuBrow, A RHastreiter
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Ejection phase indices of left ventricular myocardial performance, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mVcf), mean systolic ejection rate (mSER), and ejection fraction (EF) were determined in 248 pediatric patients, utilizing left ventricular projections of cineangiograms. Heart rate significantly affected mVcf and mSER values in the normal group (r=0.74, 0.79, respectively). A method for heart rate compensation was presented, utilizing a ratio of actual value to expected normal value (A/E) for that heart rate. All indices were significantly lower in the myocardial disease group (12 patients) than in the normal (NI) group (55 patients), but only mVcf (A/E) gave complete separation. There was complete or nearly complete overlap of right ventricular volume and pressure load and left ventricular (LV) pressure load groups (20, 38, and 28 patients each) with NI. For LV volume load (95 patients) mVcf, and mVcf (A/E) mean values were low (P less than 0.025, less than 0.001, resp.). Patients with p...
Development and characterization of a novel flavopiridol formulation for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kent T.J. Chen, Gardenia G.C. Militao, Malathi Anantha, Dominik Witzigmann, Ada W.Y. Leung, Marcel B. Bally
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2021)

For more than 30 years, treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has remained largely unchanged and reliant on chemotherapeutic drug combinations, specifically cytarabine and daunorubicin (the 7 + 3 regimen). One broad spectrum drug, flavopiridol (also known as Alvocidib) has shown significant activity against AML through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases. Flavopiridol is a semisynthetic flavonoid and our research team recently described methods to formulate another flavonoid, quercetin, through the ability of flavonoids to bind divalent metals. This method relies on use of copper-containing liposomes to enhance the apparent solubility of flavopiridol and to create formulations suitable for intravenous (i.v.) use. Similar to quercetin, flavopiridol is defined as an aqueous-insoluble compound (< 1 mg/mL in water) and this research sought to evaluate whether the copper-binding capabilities of flavopiridol could be used to prepare an injectable formulation that would exhibit enhanced exposure and improved efficacy. Flavopiridol powder was added directly to preformed copper-containing liposomes (DSPC:Chol or DSPC:DSPE-PEG2000) and the resulting formulations were characterized. Pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies were then conducted. The liposomal flavopiridol formulations were well-tolerated in mice following i.v. administration at a dose of 5 mg/kg with no apparent acute or chronic toxicities. In vivo pharmacokinetics of the optimized DSPC/DSPE-PEG2000 liposomal flavopiridol formulation demonstrated a 30-fold increase in AUC (0.804 μg-hr/mL versus 26.92 μg-hr/mL) compared to the free flavopiridol formulation. The resultant liposomal formulation also demonstrated significant therapeutic activity in MV4-11 and MOLM-13 subcutaneous AML models. Additional studies will be required to define whether formulation changes can be made to enhance flavopiridol retention in the selected composition. The results suggest that further increases in flavopiridol retention will result in improved therapeutic activity.