tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Creating Practical Primary Care Supports for Parent-Child Relationships—Language, Literacy, and Love
Authors: Perri Klass, Dipesh Navsaria
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Non-cardiac chest pain
Authors: D. S Coulshed
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Compiling list of non-diseases is medical arroganceEditor-The arrogance of the concept of compiling a list of non-diseases is breathtaking. 1ad this list been compiled 50 years ago, which illnesses would have been listed?Multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, hypothyroidism?The medical community's inability to learn from past mistakes-namely, to acknowledge that most patients are honestly relating their symptoms and sincerely wish to recover-will doom generations of innocent people to the kind of humiliation and insult this ballot encapsulates.Unable to perceive their own ignorance, these commentators will enjoy a brief moment in the spotlight sneering at the proponents of non-diseases, utterly failing to advance medical science.And you wonder why the benighted sufferers of their non-diseases resort to alternative practitioners.
Gestational age at birth and health outcomes: obstetric decisions matter
Authors: Eilis M Kennedy, Elizabeth O’Nions
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Coathup and colleagues’ important study shows that hospital admission rates during childhood are strongly associated with gestational age at birth.1 Excess hospital admissions in preterm and early term infants were largely due to increased susceptibility to infections, particularly respiratory infections. An increased risk of admission to hospital remained throughout childhood even among children born at 38 or 39 weeks’ gestation (37% of births in the cohort). …
Diversity in Medical Schools—Need for a New Bold Approach
Authors: Clyde W. Yancy, Howard Bauchner
Journal: JAMA (2021)

In this issue of JAMA, Montgomery Rice details the wrenching history of Black men and women and medical education and the many challenges still thwarting the long-standing goal of increasing diversity in US medical schools. 1 From her purview as dean at Morehouse School of Medicine, she offers unique insights and specifically illuminates the failure to increase the enrollment of Black medical students, especially at new medical schools, many of which have explicitly adopted diversity as a foundational pillar of contemporary mission statements.As a consequence, the medical schools serving historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) carry an outsize role in training Black medical students, but true diversity continues to lag.A different model is needed to fully address diversity in medicine.In a recent report in JAMA Network Open, Campbell et al 2 evaluated the legacy and consequences of the Flexner Report, which prompted closure of 5 Black medical schools at a time when strict segregation forbade admission of Black students to most other medical schools.Black men and women were nearly completely expunged from medicine.The consequence of those closures substantially reduced any meaningful capacity to educate Black men and women as physicians and led to an estimated deficit of approximately 30 000 Black physicians over the past century through 2019. 2 In the 2019-2020 academic year, 21 863 first-year medical students were enrolled in the US, including 1626 Black medical students (7.4%), of whom 62% were women and only 617 (2.8%) were men-a number that has been stagnant since 1978. 3These metrics are halting; no ideal threshold qualifies as the goal for percent diversity to achieve, and quotas are unacceptable, but the current representation is clearly insufficient and fails to fully serve the population, especially at-risk communities.As noted in the Viewpoint by Montgomery Rice, Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores remain the most important gatekeeper for admission to medical school.A base requirement for the requisite aptitude needed in medical school should be unwavering, yet a more holistic assessment of measures of success argues that skills and attributes not captured by MCAT scores may well associate better with success as a physician.Moreover, the precious separation of medical school rankings by fractions of a point drives an emphasis on those metrics that are most readily modifiable, particularly the threshold MCAT score for medical school admission.The current system as configured, despite the important contributions by the 4 mostly Black medical
Genome structure variation analyses of peach reveal population dynamics and a 1.67 Mb causal inversion for fruit shape
Authors: Jiantao Guan, Yaoguang Xu, Yang Yu, Jun Fu, Fei Ren, Jiying Guo, Jianbo Zhao, Quan Jiang, Jianhua Wei, Hua Xie
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Abstract Background Structural variations (SVs), a major resource of genomic variation, can have profound consequences on phenotypic variation, yet the impacts of SVs remain largely unexplored in crops. Results Here, we generate a high-quality de novo genome assembly for a flat-fruit peach cultivar and produce a comprehensive SV map for peach, as a high proportion of genomic sequence is occupied by heterozygous SVs in the peach genome. We conduct population-level analyses that indicate SVs have undergone strong purifying selection during peach domestication, and find evidence of positive selection, with a significant preference for upstream and intronic regions during later peach improvement. We perform a SV-based GWAS that identifies a large 1.67-Mb heterozygous inversion that segregates perfectly with flat-fruit shape. Mechanistically, this derived allele alters the expression of the PpOFP2 gene positioned near the proximal breakpoint of the inversion, and we confirm in transgenic tomatoes that PpOFP2 is causal for flat-fruit shape. Conclusions Thus, beyond introducing new genomics resources for peach research, our study illustrates how focusing on SV data can drive basic functional discoveries in plant science.
The clinical characterization of the patient with primary psychosis aimed at personalization of management
Authors: Mario Maj, Jim van Os, Marc De Hert, Wolfgang Gaebel, Silvana Galderisi, Michael F. Green, Sinan Guloksuz, Philip D. Harvey, Peter B. Jones, Dolores Malaspina, Patrick McGorry, Jouko Miettunen, Robin M. Murray, Keith H. Nuechterlein, Victor Peralta, Graham Thornicroft, Ruud van Winkel, Joseph Ventura
Journal: World Psychiatry (2021)

The current management of patients with primary psychosis worldwide is often remarkably stereotyped. In almost all cases an antipsychotic medica­tion is prescribed, with second‐generation antipsychotics usually preferred to first‐generation ones. Cognitive behavioral therapy is rarely used in the vast majority of countries, although there is evidence to support its efficacy. Psychosocial interventions are often provided, especially in chronic cases, but those applied are frequently not validated by research. Evidence‐based family interventions and supported employment programs are seldom implemented in ordinary practice. Although the notion that patients with primary psychosis are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus is widely shared, it is not frequent that appropriate measures be implemented to address this problem. The view that the management of the patient with primary psychosis should be personalized is endorsed by the vast majority of clinicians, but this personalization is lacking or inadequate in most clinical contexts. Although many mental health services would declare themselves “recovery‐oriented”, it is not common that a focus on empowerment, identity, meaning and resilience is ensured in ordinary practice. The present paper aims to address this situation. It describes systematically the salient domains that should be considered in the characterization of the individual patient with primary psychosis aimed at personalization of management. These include positive and negative symptom dimensions, other psychopathological components, onset and course, neurocognition and social cognition, neurodevelopmental indicators; social functioning, quality of life and unmet needs; clinical staging, antecedent and concomitant psychiatric conditions, physical comorbidities, family history, history of obstetric complications, early and recent environmental exposures, protective factors and resilience, and internalized stigma. For each domain, simple assessment instruments are identified that could be considered for use in clinical practice and included in standardized decision tools. A management of primary psychosis is encouraged which takes into account all the available treatment modalities whose efficacy is supported by research evidence, selects and modulates them in the individual patient on the basis of the clinical characterization, addresses the patient’s needs in terms of employment, housing, self‐care, social relationships and education, and offers a focus on identity, meaning and resilience.
Abstract 356: Sam68 Promotes NF-kB Signaling and Inflammation in Macrophages and Impedes the Recovery of Arterial Injury
Authors: Shuling Han, Junlan Zhou, Gangjian Qin
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Background: The role of Src-associated-in-mitosis-of-68-kDa (Sam68) protein in vascular biology has not been studied. A recent report suggests that Sam68 suppresses TNF-a-mediated NF-kB activation in embryonic fibroblasts. Since NF-kB plays a critical role in vascular inflammation and injury, we sought to dissect the molecular mechanism by which Sam68 regulates NF-kB signaling and its functional significance in vascular injury. Methods &amp; Results: The endothelial denudation injury was induced in the carotid arteries of Sam68 -/- mice and WT littermates. Sam68 -/- mice displayed a significantly accelerated re-endothelialization and attenuated neointimal hyperplasia, which was associated with reduced macrophage infiltration and lowered expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-a, MCP-1, IL-1, and IL-6) in the injured vessels. The improved carotid recovery in Sam68 -/- mice was recapitulated in WT mice that had received Sam68 -/- bone-marrow (BM) transplantation, suggesting that Sam68 impedes vascular recovery primarily by its function in BM cells, likely pro-inflammatory cells. In cultured Raw264.7 macrophages, knockdown of Sam68 resulted in a significant reduction in the TNF-a-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and in the level of P-IKKαβ, P-IkBa (in cytosol) and P-P65 (in nucleus), indicating attenuated NF-kB activation. These results were confirmed in peritoneal and BM-derived macrophages from Sam68 -/- and WT mice. Furthermore, Sam68 co-immunoprecipitation and mass-spectrometric analyses identified cytoskeleton protein Filamin A (FLNA) as a novel Sam68-interacting protein in response to TNF-a stimulation. Reverse co-immunoprecipitation and truncational mutagenesis confirmed that Sam68-FLNA interactions require the N-terminus of Sam68. Finally, analyses in Raw264.7 cells with FLNA knockdown revealed that the effects of Sam68 on TNF-a[[Unsupported Character - Codename &amp;shy;]]-induced NF-kB signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were dependent on FLNA. Conclusions: Our data suggest that Sam68 promotes pro-inflammatory response in injured arteries and impedes recovery, and this effect may be attributable, at least partially, to the exaggerated NF-kB activity in macrophages.
Abstract 16411: Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use for Left Ventricular Thrombus: A Single Center Experience
Authors: John M Cochran, Xiaoming Jia, Ihab Hamzeh, Yochai Birnbaum
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Warfarin is the standard of care for anticoagulation of left ventricular (LV) thrombus . Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are being used off-label for the treatment of LV thrombus i...
The EGFR‐P38 MAPK axis up‐regulates PD‐L1 through miR‐675‐5p and down‐regulates HLA‐ABC via hexokinase‐2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Zongcai Liu, Fen Ning, Yanna Cai, Huiying Sheng, Ruidan Zheng, Xi Yin, Zhikun Lu, Ling Su, Xiaodan Chen, Chunhua Zeng, Haifang Wang, Li Liu
Journal: Cancer Communications (2021)

Abstract Background Immunotherapy has been shown to be a promising strategy against human cancers. A better understanding of the immune regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could help the development of immunotherapy against HCC. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is frequently activated in HCC and plays important roles in tumorigenesis. However, its role in HCC immunity is still largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of EGFR signaling on programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and human leukocyte antigen class‐I (HLA‐I) expression in HCC cells and its underlying mechanisms. Methods The expression of phosphorylated EGFR (p‐EGFR), PD‐L1, and HLA‐I (HLA‐ABC) in HCC specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry, and their correlations were analyzed. PD‐L1 and HLA‐ABC expression in EGFR‐activated HCC cells were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry, and T cell‐mediated lysis was performed to test the immunosuppressive effects of PD‐L1 and HLA‐ABC alterations in HCC cells. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of EGFR activation‐induced PD‐L1 up‐regulation and HLA‐ABC down‐regulation were explored by animal experiments, luciferase reporter assay, and gene gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies. Results p‐EGFR was positively correlated with PD‐L1 and negatively correlated with HLA‐ABC expression in HCCs. EGFR activation by its ligand EGF up‐regulated PD‐L1 and down‐regulated HLA‐ABC in HCC cells, which was functionally important and could be abolished by the EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib, both in vitro and in vivo . Mechanistically, enhanced P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation down‐regulated microRNA‐675‐5p (miR‐675‐5p) and up‐regulated glycolysis‐related enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2); miR‐675‐5p down‐regulation enhanced the stability of PD‐L1 mRNA probably via the 3’‐untranslated region (3’‐UTR) of PD‐L1 and thereby caused PD‐L1 accumulation, and HK2 up‐regulation enhanced aerobic glycolysis and mediated a decrease in HLA‐ABC. Conclusions The EGFR‐P38 MAPK axis could up‐regulate PD‐L1 through miR‐675‐5p and down‐regulate HLA‐ABC via HK2 in HCC cells. Our study reveals a novel signaling network that may cause immune suppression in HCC and suggests that EGFR signaling can be targeted for HCC immunotherapy.
Catalytic patch with redox Cr/CeO<sub>2</sub> nanozyme of noninvasive intervention for brain trauma
Authors: Shaofang Zhang, Ying Liu, Si Sun, Junying Wang, Qifeng Li, Ruijuan Yan, Yalong Gao, Haile Liu, Shuangjie Liu, Wenting Hao, Haitao Dai, Changlong Liu, Yuanming Sun, Wei Long, Xiaoyu Mu, Xiao-Dong Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden injury to the brain, accompanied by the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and acute neuroinflammation responses. Although traditional pharmacotherapy can effectively decrease the immune response of neuron cells via scavenging free radicals, it always involves in short reaction time as well as rigorous clinical trial. Therefore, a noninvasive topical treatment method that effectively eliminates free radicals still needs further investigation. Methods: In this study, a type of catalytic patch based on nanozymes with the excellent multienzyme-like activity is designed for noninvasive treatment of TBI. The enzyme-like activity, free radical scavenging ability and therapeutic efficacy of the designed catalytic patch were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The structural composition was characterized by the X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy technology. Results: Herein, the prepared Cr-doped CeO2 (Cr/CeO2) nanozyme increases the reduced Ce3+ states, resulting in its enzyme-like activity 3-5 times higher than undoped CeO2. Furthermore, Cr/CeO2 nanozyme can improve the survival rate of LPS induced neuron cells via decreasing excessive RONS. The in vivo experiments show the Cr/CeO2 nanozyme can promote wound healing and reduce neuroinflammation of mice following brain trauma. The catalytic patch based on nanozyme provides a noninvasive topical treatment route for TBI as well as other traumas diseases. Conclusions: The catalytic patch based on nanozyme provides a noninvasive topical treatment route for TBI as well as other traumas diseases.
ACCEPTABILITY AND PREFERENCES FOR A SMARTPHONE INTERVENTION AMONG LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: PROTOTYPE FOR THE LIVERIGHT TRANSPLANT APP
Authors: Lieber, Sarah Rosanna, Kim, Hannah, Baldelli, Luke, Evon, Donna M., Teal, Randall, Nash, Rebekah, Magee, Gabrielle, Desar, Chirag S., David A. Gerber, Serrano, Pablo, Shah, Neil D., Alfred Sidney Barritt
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Background: Smartphone applications are on the rise;yet it is unclear whether liver transplant (LT) recipients would use or benefit from this technology  We aimed to understand baseline smartphone practices and identify preferences for an app-based intervention to guide the development of the LiveRightTM Transplant app among LT recipients Methods: Twenty in-depth, in-person interviews were conducted from 2019-2020 among adults 3 to 6 months after LT at the University of North Carolina We evaluated baseline use of smartphone technology, as well as acceptability of and preferences for a LT app Interviews were conducted by trained qualitative experts and analyzed in an iterative fashion using a thematic content approach to identify relevant themes Coded transcripts were analyzed using Dedoose qualitative software Results: Among 20 LT recipients, median age was 61 years (range 28-68);65% were male;60% Caucasian;40% underwent LT for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 20% for viral hepatitis, and 10% for alcohol-associated liver disease Patients lived 76 miles (range 14-270) from the hospital A majority (90%) of patients owned smartphones In addition to calls, text, and email, smartphone users engaged in social media including Facebook (55%), sought information through search engines (50%), and played games or watched videos (30%) on their phones Most (65%) used EPIC MyChart to communicate with the transplant team and set phone alarms for medication reminders A majority (80%) were interested in a LT app that enabled: 1) anonymous and secure ways to connect with other LT recipients, 2) logging biometric data, 3) medication reminders including real time updates of dosages, 4) virtual communication with the medical team (after hours or early in post-LT recovery when difficult to travel to clinic), and 5) vetted educational materials especially on medication side effects/symptoms, diet, and physical activity (Figure 1) Conclusion: LT recipients want a smartphone app to aid in their recovery Most important to them is connecting with other LT recipients for peer support, educational resources related to expectations, symptoms and medication side effects, and easy options to log biometric data to be shared with their transplant team With the advent of COVID-19, using smartphone interventions will be critical to improving transplant outcomes These data informed the development of the LiveRightTM app with pilot testing underway  (Table Presented)
Differential Sensitivity of CD4+ and CD8+T Lymphocytes to the Killing Efficacy of Fas (Apo-1/CD95) Ligand+ Tumor Cells in B Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Inge Tinhofer, Ingrid Marschitz, Marion Kos, Traudl Henn, Alexander Egle, Andreas Villunger, Richard Greil
Journal: Blood (1998)
Abstract 10636: Chronic Depletion of Glutathione Exacerbates Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in Pressure Overloaded Heart in Mice Lacking the Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Modifier Subunit
Authors: Yosuke Watanabe, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Kobayashi, Yukio Saito, Daisuke Fujioka, Takamitsu Nakamura, Jun-ei Obata, Kenichi Kawabata, Hideto Mishina, Kiyotaka Kugiyama
Journal: Circulation (2012)

It is suggested that reduced glutathione (GSH) may play a possible role in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. However, there is no information on the effects of decreasing GSH levels by non-pharma...
Sixty seconds on . . . waste PPE
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Waste not, want not?Absolutely.And with such a high volume of used personal protective equipment (PPE) piling up across the globe, one Indian fashion designer has decided to put her skills to good use by turning PPE offcuts into mattresses for patients with covid-19. How did that idea spring up?Lakshmi Menon had the brainwave after hearing that covid care centres in the Indian state of Kerala were finding it hard to source mattresses because they had to be incinerated every time a patient was discharged.The Guardian reported 1 how she decided to turn plastic offcuts from factories that make PPE into mattresses that are now being used in covid centres. 1
Aerobic training decreases epithelial expression of 'Th IND.2' cytokines in a murine model of allergic lung inflammation
Authors: R. de Paulo Vieira, A.C. Silva Duarte, M. G. I. da Silva, A. B. G. dos Santos, Mílton de Arruda Martins, Marisa Dolnikoff, Celso Ricardo Fernandes de Carvalho
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)
Engineered Multifunctional Nano‐ and Biological Materials for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Anthony Brouillard, Nilesh Deshpande, Ashish A. Kulkarni
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Cancer immunotherapy is set to emerge as the future of cancer therapy. However, recent immunotherapy trials in different cancers have yielded sub-optimal results, with durable responses seen in only a small fraction of patients. Engineered multifunctional nanomaterials and biological materials are versatile platforms that can elicit strong immune responses and improve anti-cancer efficacy when applied to cancer immunotherapy. While there are traditional systems such as polymer- and lipid-based nanoparticles, there is a wide variety of other materials with inherent and additive properties that can allow for more potent activation of the immune system. By synthesizing and applying multifunctional strategies, it allows for a more extensive and more effective repertoire of tools to use in the wide variety of situations that cancer presents itself. Here, several types of nanoscale and biological material strategies and platforms that provide their inherent benefits for targeting and activating multiple aspects of the immune system are discussed. Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of recent advances in the field of multifunctional cancer immunotherapy and trends that pave the way for more diverse and tactical regression of tumors through soliciting responses by either the adaptive or innate immune system, and even both simultaneously.