tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mycosis Fungoides in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Joon Min Jung, Dong Jun Lim, Chong Hyun Won, Sung Eun Chang, Mi Woo Lee, Woo Jin Lee
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Comprehensive data on childhood mycosis fungoides (MF) is scarce. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe clinical features, immunophenotypes, various treatment options, and prognosis of MF in children and adolescents. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> This systematic review searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases in October 2019. The search terms included<i>mycosis fungoides</i>,<i>infant</i>,<i>children</i>, and<i>adolescent</i>. No filter for the publication period was used, but studies written in a language other than English were excluded. Reference lists of the relevant articles were also searched manually. Case series and case reports were included if data on childhood MF were extractable. The Asan Medical Center database for cases of childhood MF was also searched. Patients were treated from January 1, 1990, to July 31, 2019, and were younger than 20 years at the time of diagnosis. The methodologic quality of the included studies was assessed with items from the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were analyzed from December 9, 2019, to September 4, 2020. <h3>Findings</h3> A total of 571 unique patients were included. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 12.2 (4.2) years; at onset, 8.6 (4.2) years. The female-to-male ratio was 1:1.6 (350 male patients [61.3%]). Among 522 patients with data available at diagnosis, stage 1 disease constituted 478 cases (91.6%), followed by stage 2 (39 [7.5%]) and stage 4 (5 [1.0%]). Among the 567 patients with data available, the most common variant of MF was the hypopigmented form (309 [54.5%]), followed by classic MF (187 [33.0%]). The MF lesions were predominantly the CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>immunophenotype in 99 (49.5%) and 79 (39.5%) of 200 patients, respectively. Among the treatments, narrowband UV-B was the most frequently used (150 of 426 [35.2%]). Most patients were alive with the disease (185 of 279 [66.3%]); 83 of 279 (29.8%) were in complete remission; and 11 of 279 (3.9%) had died by the last follow-up. A longer time from onset to diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06-1.45), granulomatous slack skin (HR, 12.25; 95% CI, 1.99-75.26), granulomatous MF (HR, 14.59; 95% CI, 1.31-162.00), a history of organ transplant (HR, 10.15; 95% CI, 0.98-105.37), and stage 2 disease at the time of diagnosis (HR, 10.22; 95% CI, 2.94-35.50) were associated with worse outcomes. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings of this review suggest that there is often a significant delay until the establishment of a correct diagnosis of childhood MF, which may be detrimental to the prognosis.
DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway alteration in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is association with good progression-free survival with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.
Authors: Wei Zhai, Junyun Wang, Ning He, Jiale Zhou, Jianfei Wang, Yizheng Xue, Zhaolin Yang, Yonghui Chen, Jin Zhang, Jiwei Haung, Wen Kong, Yiran Huang, Wei Xue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

346 Background: Alterations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes are associated with human tumorigenesis and may be as potential biomarkers for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in renal cell carcinoma. However, biologic significance and relevance to TKI targeted therapy in metastatic RCC are unknown. Methods: Genomic data and treatment outcomes were retrospectively collected for patients with metastatic RCC. Tumor and germline DNA were subject to targeted next generation sequencing across 642 genes of interest, including 60 DDR genes. Patients were dichotomized according to underlying DDR gene alteration into (1) DDR gene alterations present (Mut DDR); (2) wildtype (WT) DDR gene alterations present (WT DDR). Association between DDR status and therapeutic benefit was investigated separately for and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Results: Mut DDR were detected in 17/40 patients (42.5%). The most frequently DDR altered genes were TP53. For patients with TKI treatment, Mut DDR status was associated with superior progression free survival (log-rank p = 0.048), but not with superior overall survival (log-rank p = 0.39); after adjusting for International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risks and extent of prior therapy, the HR for Mut DDR was 2.68 (95% CI: 0.96–7.46; p = 0.059). Conclusions: DDR alterations are recurrent genomic events in patients with advanced RCC and were mostly clonal in this cohort. Dysfunction events in these genes may affect outcome with TKI therapy in adanced RCC, and these hypothesis-generating results deserve further study.
Methodologic and Reporting Issues in Published Meta-analysis
Authors: Ioana Alina Cristea, Raluca Balan, Anca Dobrean
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Abstract 3434: Novel Predictors of Functional Capacity in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Justin D Anderson, Frederick H Epstein, Craig H Meyer, Klaus D Hagspiel, Hongkun Wang, Stuart S Berr, Nancy L Harthun, Arthur L Weltman, David C Isbell, Patrick T Norton, Christopher M Kramer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction The relationship between limb hemodynamics and walking capacity in PAD is inconsistent. More precise predictive measures of functional capacity in PAD are needed. Methods Sixty-two patients with mild-to-moderate symptomatic PAD (35 M, mean age ± SD 65 ± 11 years, ABI 0.68 ± 0.13) underwent a Skinner-Gardner exercise treadmill test. Total treadmill time (TTT), time to claudication (TTC) and VO2max were measured. Six minute walk distance (6WD) was recorded. A runoff contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiogram was segmentally scored (MRAi) by number and degree of arterial stenoses distal to the aorta. Black blood MRI of the superficial femoral artery measured % plaque volume (%PV) as the ratio of plaque volume to total vessel volume. Calf muscle perfusion index (PI) was measured at peak exercise using an MRI-compatible pedal ergometer and first pass gadolinium-enhanced MRI and defined as the ratio of slopes of calf muscle perfusion to arterial input. 31 Phosphorus MR spectroscopy measured calf muscle phosphocreatine recovery time constant (PCr) immediately after exercise. Pearson correlation coefficients were measured between imaging and functional parameters. The bivariate relationship between them were tested using F-tests and stepwise linear regression models. Results Mean TTT was 517 ± 362s, TTC 130 ± 50s, VO2max 12.6 ± 4.2, 6WD 1028 ± 391ft. See Table . By stepwise linear regression, independent predictors of TTT were ABI (r 2 =0.12, p&lt;0.01) and PCr (r 2 =0.09, p&lt;0.03). Independent predictors of V02max were %PV (r 2 =0.24, p=0.0001), MRAi (r 2 =0.20, p&lt;0.001), and ABI (r 2 =0.11, p&lt;0.02). Conclusions The ABI, MRAi, %PV, and PCr correlate with TTT while all but PCr correlate with V02. No measured parameter correlates with 6WD. TTT is predicted by both ABI and calf muscle metabolism, whereas V02max is predicted by ABI and plaque burden. Thus, functional capacity in PAD is determined in part by flow, but metabolism and plaque burden play a significant role. Correlations Between Imaging and Functional Parameters
Electrohydraulic lithotripsy for hepatolithiasis in a stenotic intrahepatic bile duct after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy
Authors: Kenji Nakamura, Takeshi Okamoto, Tadashi Katayama, Yutaka Takigawa, Katsuyuki Fukuda, Hiroshi Kishikawa, Jiro Nishida
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Digital single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC) has increasingly been used in combination with electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) to remove impacted stones, confluence stones, and stones in patients with surgically altered anatomy [1] [2] [3] [4]. We present a case of hepatolithiasis in a stenotic intrahepatic bile duct after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy treated by EHL using DSOC (SpyGlass DS system; Boston Scientific Corp., United States) inserted through a colonoscope with a large working channel.
Being Small and Intronic: miRNAs That Count!
Authors: George A. Calin
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract The roles of intronic miRNAs and their functional interaction with host coding genes represent a topic that is poorly explored. The study by Kwok and colleagues in this issue of Cancer Research presents solid evidence that the FTX locus at chromosome Xq13.2 contains multiple noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) with coordinated expression and concordant functional effects in colorectal cancer cells. The long ncRNA, FTX, and its intronic miRNAs, miR-374a, -374b, -421, and -545, are all interconnected in a functional network, including the downstream protein coding targets DHX9, DICER, PTEN, and RIG-I. These data prove that multigenic loci in the human genome have a complex functional landscape that modulates key signaling pathways for cancer progression and that much knowledge with potential clinical utility remains to be revealed from the largest, noncoding portion of the genome. See related article by Kwok et al., p. 1308
Diagnosis of Achilles’ Tendon Rupture during a Virtual Examination
Authors: Stephen Bent, Martin J. O’Malley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

A 54-year-old man presented for a remote assessment with pain in his left lower leg after feeling a tearing sensation while playing tennis. During the assessment, the result of the Matles test was positive, a finding suggestive of a rupture of the Achilles’ tendon.
Gigantic Genomes Provide Empirical Tests of Transposable Element Dynamics Models
Authors: Jie Wang, Michael W. Itgen, Huiju Wang, Yuzhou Gong, Jianping Jiang, Jiatang Li, Cheng Sun, Stanley K. Sessions, Rachel Lockridge Mueller
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2021)

Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) are a major determinant of eukaryotic genome size. The collective properties of a genomic TE community reveal the history of TE/host evolutionary dynamics and impact present-day host structure and function, from genome to organism levels. In rare cases, TE community/genome size has greatly expanded in animals, associated with increased cell size and changes to anatomy and physiology. Here, we characterize the TE landscape of the genome and transcriptome in an amphibian with a giant genome — the caecilianIchthyophis bannanicus, which we show has a genome size of 12.2 Gb. Amphibians are an important model system because the clade includes independent cases of genomic gigantism. The I. bannanicus genome differs compositionally from other giant amphibian genomes, but shares a low rate of ectopic recombination-mediated deletion. We examine TE activity using expression and divergence plots; TEs account for 15% of somatic transcription, and most superfamilies appear active. We quantify TE diversity in the caecilian, as well as other vertebrates with a range of genome sizes, using diversity indices commonly applied in community ecology. We synthesize previous models that integrate TE abundance, diversity, and activity, and test whether the caecilian meets model predictions for genomes with high TE abundance. We propose thorough, consistent characterization of TEs to strengthen future comparative analyses. Such analyses will ultimately be required to reveal whether the divergent TE assemblages found across convergent gigantic genomes reflect fundamental shared features of TE/host genome evolutionary dynamics.
Evaluating financial burdens of oral hormonal therapies for patients with prostate cancer.
Authors: Eric B Schwartz, Angelina Jeong, Andrea Roman, Rachel McDevitt, Elyssa Henry, Megan Veresh Caram
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

70 Background: Numerous oral anticancer drugs approved for metastatic prostate cancer are expensive and put patients at risk for financial toxicity. Mechanisms available to mitigate these costs are complex to navigate. Furthermore, the ability to access these resources may not be the same for every insurance. We examined the out-of-pocket (OOP) liability of patients prescribed abiraterone or enzalutamide, the assistance mechanisms used, and the impact on timing of therapy. Methods: Patients with prostate cancer who were prescribed abiraterone or enzalutamide at our comprehensive cancer center between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2019 were identified. Patients who filled prescriptions via an external pharmacy were excluded. Data regarding demographics, out of pocket costs and assistance mechanisms were evaluated. Results: We identified 219 patients. Of these, 33% had commercial insurance, 61% had Medicare part D, 3% had Medicaid and 8% had no insurance. Most patients (74%) were prescribed abiraterone and 26% enzalutamide. Among those with Medicare Part D, almost one third received significant financial assistance: 11% free drug from the manufacturer and 18% foundational grants. Patients with commercial insurance received a copay card from manufacturers 21% of the time. Patients with commercial insurance paid an average of $57 OOP; 94% with initial cost &lt; $100. Patients with Medicare part D paid an average of $582 OOP; 22% with initial cost &gt; $1000. Commercially insured patients started treatments in under 10 days from the prescription date 51% of the time vs 39% for Medicare patients. In contrast, 11% of commercially insured patients required &gt; 30 days to fill vs 19% on Medicare. Only 1% of commercially insured patients were unable to fill due to cost issues compared to 7% of patients on Medicare. Conclusions: Financial assistance mechanisms such as grants and free drug programs help alleviate some financial burden for patients, but many still experience high OOP costs. These burdens appear to be disproportionately experienced by patients with Medicare Part D. We observed that patients with Medicare Part D had higher OOP costs for oral prostate cancer therapies. Those who required assistance often experienced delays in obtaining medication. Further evaluation is planned into how high costs and delays in treatment impacts prostate cancer treatment and patient care. [Table: see text]
The human oral phageome
Authors: Szymon P. Szafrański, Jørgen Slots, Meike Stiesch
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2021)

Abstract Oral bacteriophages (or phages), especially periodontal ones, constitute a growing area of interest, but research on oral phages is still in its infancy. Phages are bacterial viruses that may persist as intracellular parasitic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or use bacterial metabolism to replicate and cause bacterial lysis. The microbiomes of saliva, oral mucosa, and dental plaque contain active phage virions, bacterial lysogens (ie, carrying dormant prophages), and bacterial strains containing short fragments of phage DNA. In excess of 2000 oral phages have been confirmed or predicted to infect species of the phyla Actinobacteria (&gt;300 phages), Bacteroidetes (&gt;300 phages), Firmicutes (&gt;1000 phages), Fusobacteria (&gt;200 phages), and Proteobacteria (&gt;700 phages) and three additional phyla (few phages only). This article assesses the current knowledge of the diversity of the oral phage population and the mechanisms by which phages may impact the ecology of oral biofilms. The potential use of phage‐based therapy to control major periodontal pathogens is also discussed.
Abstract 11632: Resistance Exercise Training Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation after Acute Exertion in Obese Women
Authors: Nina C Franklin, Mohamed M Ali, Patrick McGinty, Edita Norkeviciute, Shane A Phillips
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Obesity contributes to impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV), a precursor to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Women carry a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular morbidity an...
Abstract 15808: Homeostasis vs. Hemostasis: The Role of Platelets in Maintaining Vascular Barrier Function in the Absence of Injury
Authors: Shuchi Gupta, Lawrence F Brass
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Platelets are best known for helping to restore hemostasis after vascular injury, but studies have shown that they may also contribute to the maintenance of endothelial cell health in...
Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines
Authors: Ioana Agache, Yang Song, Pablo Alonso‐Coello, Yasmin Vogel, Claudio Rocha, Ivan Solà, Marilina Santero, Cezmi A. Akdis, Mubeccel Akdis, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Tomas Chivato, Stefano del Giacco, Thomas Eiwegger, Wytske Fokkens, Christos Georgalas, Philippe Gevaert, Claire Hopkins, Ludger Klimek, Valerie Lund, Robert Naclerio, Liam O'Mahony, Susanna Palkonen, Oliver Pfaar, Jürgen Schwarze, Michael B. Soyka, De Yun Wang, Luo Zhang, Carlos Canelo‐Aybar, Oscar Palomares, Marek Jutel
Journal: Allergy (2021)

This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of biologicals for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) compared with the standard of care. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs. Critical and important CRSwNP-related outcomes were considered. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were assessed using GRADE. RCTs evaluated (dupilumab-2, omalizumab-4, mepolizumab-2, and reslizumab-1) included 1236 adults, with follow-up of 20-64 weeks. Dupilumab reduces the need for surgery (NFS) or oral corticosteroid (OCS) use (RR 0.28; 95% CI 0.20-0.39, moderate certainty) and improves with high certainty smell evaluated with UPSIT score (mean difference (MD) +10.54; 95% CI +9.24 to +11.84) and quality of life (QoL) evaluated with SNOT-22 (MD -19.14; 95% CI -22.80 to -15.47), with fewer treatment-related adverse events (TAEs) (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.89-1.02, moderate certainty). Omalizumab reduces NFS (RR 0.85; 95% CI 0.78-0.92, high certainty), decreases OCS use (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.10-1.38, moderate certainty), and improves high certainty smell (MD +3.84; 95% CI +3.64 to +4.04) and QoL (MD -15.65; 95% CI -16.16 to -15.13), with increased TAE (RR 1.73; 95% CI 0.60-5.03, moderate certainty). There is low certainty for mepolizumab reducing NFS (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.64-0.94) and improving QoL (MD -13.3; 95% CI -23.93 to -2.67) and smell (MD +0.7; 95% CI -0.48 to +1.88), with increased TAEs (RR 1.64; 95% CI 0.41-6.50). The evidence for reslizumab is very uncertain.
Early Noninvasive Cardiac Testing in Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Andrew J. Foy, John Mandrola
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Cockroach-induced IL9, IL13, and IL31 expression and the development of allergic asthma in urban children
Authors: Petra LeBeau, Alexandre Lockhart, Alkis Togias, Megan T. Sandel, Jessica D. Gereige, Leonard Bacharier, Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir, Robert A. Wood, Robert James, William W. Busse, James E. Gern, Matthew C. Altman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Preclinical models and technologies to advance nanovaccine development
Authors: Carina Peres, Ana I. Matos, Liane I.F. Moura, Rita C. Acúrcio, Barbara Carreira, Sabina Pozzi, Daniella Vaskovich-Koubi, Ron Kleiner, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro, Helena F. Florindo
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2021)
Lonicerin targets EZH2 to alleviate ulcerative colitis by autophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inactivation
Authors: Qi Lv, Yao Xing, Jian Liu, Dong Dong, Yue Liu, Hongzhi Qiao, Yinan Zhang, Lihong Hu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in colonic macrophages strongly associates with the occurrence and progression of ulcerative colitis. Although targeting NLRP3 inflammasome has been considered to be a potential therapy, the underlying mechanism through which pathway the intestinal inflammation is modulated remains controversial. By focusing on the flavonoid lonicerin, one of the most abundant constituents existed in a long historical anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious herb Lonicera japonica Thunb., here we report its therapeutic effect on intestinal inflammation by binding directly to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) histone methyltransferase. EZH2-mediated modification of H3K27me3 promotes the expression of autophagy-related protein 5, which in turn leads to enhanced autophagy and accelerates autolysosome-mediated NLRP3 degradation. Mutations of EZH2 residues (His129 and Arg685) indicated by the dynamic simulation study have found to greatly diminish the protective effect of lonicerin. More importantly, in vivo studies verify that lonicerin dose-dependently disrupts the NLRP3–ASC–pro-caspase-1 complex assembly and alleviates colitis, which is compromised by administration of EZH2 overexpression plasmid. Thus, these findings together put forth the stage for further considering lonicerin as an anti-inflammatory epigenetic agent and suggesting EZH2/ATG5/NLRP3 axis may serve as a novel strategy to prevent ulcerative colitis as well as other inflammatory diseases.