tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Associations of Preoperative Frailty With Cancer and Noncancer Deaths of Older Adults Following Surgery for Cancer
Authors: Li-Yang Sun, Jia-Qi Zhu, Tian Yang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a clinical practice guideline
Authors: Jason W Busse, Patrick Vankrunkelsven, Linan Zeng, Anja Fog Heen, Arnaud Merglen, Fiona Campbell, Lars-Petter Granan, Bert Aertgeerts, Rachelle Buchbinder, Matteo Coen, David Juurlink, Caroline Samer, Reed A C Siemieniuk, Nimisha Kumar, Lynn Cooper, John Brown, Lyubov Lytvyn, Dena Zeraatkar, Li Wang, Gordon H Guyatt, Per O Vandvik, Thomas Agoritsas
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Abstract Clinical question What is the role of medical cannabis or cannabinoids for people living with chronic pain due to cancer or non-cancer causes? Current practice Chronic pain is common and distressing and associated with considerable socioeconomic burden globally. Medical cannabis is increasingly used to manage chronic pain, particularly in jurisdictions that have enacted policies to reduce use of opioids; however, existing guideline recommendations are inconsistent, and cannabis remains illegal for therapeutic use in many countries. Recommendation The guideline expert panel issued a weak recommendation to offer a trial of non-inhaled medical cannabis or cannabinoids, in addition to standard care and management (if not sufficient), for people living with chronic cancer or non-cancer pain. How this guideline was created An international guideline development panel including patients, clinicians with content expertise, and methodologists produced this recommendation in adherence with standards for trustworthy guidelines using the GRADE approach. The MAGIC Evidence Ecosystem Foundation (MAGIC) provided methodological support. The panel applied an individual patient perspective. The evidence This recommendation is informed by a linked series of four systematic reviews summarising the current body of evidence for benefits and harms, as well as patient values and preferences, regarding medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain. Understanding the recommendation The recommendation is weak because of the close balance between benefits and harms of medical cannabis for chronic pain. It reflects a high value placed on small to very small improvements in self reported pain intensity, physical functioning, and sleep quality, and willingness to accept a small to modest risk of mostly self limited and transient harms. Shared decision making is required to ensure patients make choices that reflect their values and personal context. Further research is warranted and may alter this recommendation.
Outbreak Associated with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant in an Elementary School — Marin County, California, May–June 2021
Authors: Tracy Lam-Hine, Stephen A. McCurdy, Lisa Santora, Lael Duncan, Russell Corbett-Detig, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Matthew Willis
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

On May 25, 2021, the Marin County Department of Public Health (MCPH) was notified by an elementary school that on May 23, an unvaccinated teacher had reported receiving a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.The teacher reported becoming symptomatic on May 19, but continued to work for 2 days before receiving a test on May 21.On occasion during this time, the teacher read aloud unmasked to the class despite school requirements to mask while indoors.Beginning May 23, additional cases of COVID-19 were reported among other staff members, students, parents, and siblings connected to the school.To characterize the outbreak, on May 26, MCPH initiated case investigation and contact tracing that included whole genome sequencing (WGS) of available specimens.A total of 27 cases were identified, including that of the teacher.During May 23-26, among the teacher's 24 students, 22 students, all ineligible for vaccination because of age, received testing for SARS-CoV-2; 12 received positive test results.The attack rate in the two rows seated closest to the teacher's desk was 80% (eight of 10) and was 28% (four of 14) in the three back rows (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.036).During May 24-June 1, six of 18 students in a separate grade at the school, all also too young for vaccination, received positive SARS-CoV-2 test results.Eight additional cases were also identified, all in parents and siblings of students in these two grades.Among these additional cases, three were in persons fully vaccinated in accordance with CDC recommendations (1).Among the 27 total cases, 22 (81%) persons reported symptoms; the most frequently reported symptoms were fever (41%), cough (33%), headache (26%), and sore throat (26%).WGS of all 18 available specimens identified the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant.Vaccines are effective against the Delta variant (2), but risk of transmission remains elevated among unvaccinated persons in schools without strict adherence to prevention strategies.In addition to vaccination for eligible persons, strict adherence to nonpharmaceutical prevention strategies, including masking, routine testing, facility ventilation, and staying home when symptomatic, are important to ensure safe in-person learning in schools (3).
Topical 5% 5-fluorouracil versus procedural modalities for squamous cell carcinoma in situ and superficial basal cell carcinoma: A retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Holly Neale, Melissa Michelon, Susan Jacob, Mary Pinkston, Rebecca Ukaegbu, Waldo Zamor, Emily Morrison, April Deng, Nikki A. Levin
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Phenocopying Glioblastoma: A Review
Authors: Mariam-Eleni Oraiopoulou, Eleftheria Tzamali, Joseph Papamatheakis, Vangelis Sakkalis
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2021)

The main reason why therapeutic schemes fail in Glioblastoma lies on its own peculiarities as a cancer and on our failure to fully decipher them. Fast tumor evolution, invasiveness and incomplete surgical resection contribute to disease recurrence, therapy resistance and high mortality. More faithful models must be developed to address Glioblastoma biology and better clinical guidance. Research studies are discussed in this review that: i) improve understanding and assessment of the growth mechanisms of Glioblastoma and ii) develop preclinical models (in vitro-in vivo-in silico) that mimic patient's tumor (phenocopying) in order to provide better prediction of response to therapies.
Consideration of confounders, accuracy of diagnosis, and disease severity in assessing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis/ankylosing spondylitis beginning interleukin‐7 inhibitor treatment: comment on the article by Penso et al
Authors: Cheng‐Ruei Yang, Amy Ker, Pei‐En Kao, James Cheng‐Chung Wei
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2021)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Changing Face of Adult Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder: Dramatic Changes in Histology between 1999-2013
Authors: Donald Edward Tsai, Scott Huntington, Ran Reshef, Abraham Shaked, Roy Bloom, Vivek Ahya, Lee Goldberg, Albert Chung, Fotini Debonera, Stephen J. Schuster, Stephen Joseph Bagley
Journal: Blood (2017)
Candida albicans elicits protective allergic responses via platelet mediated T helper 2 and T helper 17 cell polarization
Authors: Yifan Wu, Zhimin Zeng, Yubiao Guo, Lizhen Song, Jill E. Weatherhead, Xinyan Huang, Yuying Zeng, Lynn Bimler, Cheng-Yen Chang, John M. Knight, Christian Valladolid, Hua Sun, Miguel A. Cruz, Bernhard Hube, Julian R. Naglik, Amber U. Luong, Farrah Kheradmand, David B. Corry
Journal: Immunity (2021)
The Impacts of Genetic and Environmental Factors on the Progression of Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Nan Ru, Xiao-Nan Xu, Yu Cao, Jia-Hui Zhu, Liang-Hao Hu, Sheng-Yong Wu, Yang-Yang Qian, Jun Pan, Wen-Bin Zou, Zhao-Shen Li, Zhuan Liao
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
Common DISC1 Polymorphisms Disrupt Wnt/GSK3β Signaling and Brain Development
Authors: Karun K. Singh, Gianluca De Rienzo, Laurel Drane, Yingwei Mao, Zachary Flood, Jon M. Madison, Manuel Ferreira, Sarah Bergen, Cillian King, Pamela Sklar, Hazel Sive, Li-Huei Tsai
Journal: Neuron (2025)
Therapeutic and prognostic insights from the analysis of cancer mutational signatures
Authors: Samuel W. Brady, Alexander M. Gout, Jinghui Zhang
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2021)

Mutational signatures have revolutionized our understanding of cancer etiology by identifying biological processes underlying somatic mutagenesis.Mutational signatures can also represent biomarkers indicative of therapy sensitivity, prognosis, and therapy contraindications. Importantly, mutational signatures provide predictive information independent of known clinical and molecular biomarkers.New technologies have increased the feasibility of measuring mutational signatures in a cost-effective manner, which may facilitate integration of signature analysis into clinical decision-making. The somatic mutations in each cancer genome are caused by multiple mutational processes, each of which leaves a characteristic imprint (or 'signature'), potentially caused by specific etiologies or exposures. Deconvolution of these signatures offers a glimpse into the evolutionary history of individual tumors. Recent work has shown that mutational signatures may also yield therapeutic and prognostic insights, including the identification of cell-intrinsic signatures as biomarkers of drug response and prognosis. For example, mutational signatures indicating homologous recombination deficiency are associated with poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor sensitivity, whereas APOBEC-associated signatures are associated with ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) inhibitor sensitivity. Furthermore, therapy-induced mutational signatures implicated in cancer progression have also been uncovered, including the identification of thiopurine-induced TP53 mutations in leukemia. In this review, we explore the various ways mutational signatures can reveal new therapeutic and prognostic insights, thus extending their traditional role in identifying disease etiology. The somatic mutations in each cancer genome are caused by multiple mutational processes, each of which leaves a characteristic imprint (or 'signature'), potentially caused by specific etiologies or exposures. Deconvolution of these signatures offers a glimpse into the evolutionary history of individual tumors. Recent work has shown that mutational signatures may also yield therapeutic and prognostic insights, including the identification of cell-intrinsic signatures as biomarkers of drug response and prognosis. For example, mutational signatures indicating homologous recombination deficiency are associated with poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor sensitivity, whereas APOBEC-associated signatures are associated with ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) inhibitor sensitivity. Furthermore, therapy-induced mutational signatures implicated in cancer progression have also been uncovered, including the identification of thiopurine-induced TP53 mutations in leukemia. In this review, we explore the various ways mutational signatures can reveal new therapeutic and prognostic insights, thus extending their traditional role in identifying disease etiology.
Distinct transcriptional programs stratify ovarian cancer cell lines into the five major histological subtypes
Authors: Bethany M. Barnes, Louisa Nelson, Anthony Tighe, George J. Burghel, I-Hsuan Lin, Sudha Desai, Joanne C. McGrail, Robert D. Morgan, Stephen S. Taylor
Journal: Genome Medicine (2021)

Abstract Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogenous disease consisting of five major histologically distinct subtypes: high-grade serous (HGSOC), low-grade serous (LGSOC), endometrioid (ENOC), clear cell (CCOC) and mucinous (MOC). Although HGSOC is the most prevalent subtype, representing 70–80% of cases, a 2013 landmark study by Domcke et al. found that the most frequently used OC cell lines are not molecularly representative of this subtype. This raises the question, if not HGSOC, from which subtype do these cell lines derive? Indeed, non-HGSOC subtypes often respond poorly to chemotherapy; therefore, representative models are imperative for developing new targeted therapeutics. Methods Non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) was applied to transcriptomic data from 44 OC cell lines in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, assessing the quality of clustering into 2–10 groups. Epithelial OC subtypes were assigned to cell lines optimally clustered into five transcriptionally distinct classes, confirmed by integration with subtype-specific mutations. A transcriptional subtype classifier was then developed by trialling three machine learning algorithms using subtype-specific metagenes defined by NMF. The ability of classifiers to predict subtype was tested using RNA sequencing of a living biobank of patient-derived OC models. Results Application of NMF optimally clustered the 44 cell lines into five transcriptionally distinct groups. Close inspection of orthogonal datasets revealed this five-cluster delineation corresponds to the five major OC subtypes. This NMF-based classification validates the Domcke et al. analysis, in identifying lines most representative of HGSOC, and additionally identifies models representing the four other subtypes. However, NMF of the cell lines into two clusters did not align with the dualistic model of OC and suggests this classification is an oversimplification. Subtype designation of patient-derived models by a random forest transcriptional classifier aligned with prior diagnosis in 76% of unambiguous cases. In cases where there was disagreement, this often indicated potential alternative diagnosis, supported by a review of histological, molecular and clinical features. Conclusions This robust classification informs the selection of the most appropriate models for all five histotypes. Following further refinement on larger training cohorts, the transcriptional classification may represent a useful tool to support the classification of new model systems of OC subtypes.
Retinal OCT Image Registration: Methods and Applications
Authors: Lingjiao Pan, Xinjian Chen
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2021)

Retinal image registration is a critical task in the diagnosis and treatment of various eye diseases. And as a relatively new imaging method, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been widely used in the diagnosis of retinal diseases. This paper is devoted to retinal OCT image registration methods and their clinical applications. Registration methods including volumetric transformation-based registration methods and image features-based registration methods are systematically reviewed. Furthermore, to better understanding these methods, their applications in correcting scanning artifacts, reducing speckle noise, fusing and splicing images and evaluating longitudinal disease progression are studied as well. At the end of this paper, registration of retina with serious pathology and registration with deep learning technique are also discussed.
Short-acting β<sub>2</sub>-agonist prescriptions are associated with poor clinical outcomes of asthma: the multi-country, cross-sectional SABINA III study
Authors: Eric D. Bateman, David B. Price, Hao-Chien Wang, Adel Khattab, Patricia Schonffeldt, Angelina Catanzariti, Ralf J.P. van der Valk, Maarten J.H.I. Beekman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Background To gain a global perspective on short-acting β 2 -agonist (SABA) prescriptions and associated asthma-related clinical outcomes in patients with asthma, we assessed primary health data across 24 countries in five continents. Methods SABINA III was a cross-sectional study that employed electronic case report forms at a study visit (in primary or specialist care) to record prescribed medication(s), over-the-counter (OTC) SABA purchases and clinical outcomes in asthma patients (≥12 years old) during the past 12 months. In patients with ≥1 SABA prescriptions, associations of SABA with asthma symptom control and severe exacerbations were analysed using multivariable regression models. Results Of 8351 patients recruited (n=6872, specialists; n=1440, primary care), 76.5% had moderate-to-severe asthma and 45.4% experienced ≥1 severe exacerbations in the past 12 months. 38% of patients were prescribed ≥3 SABA canisters; 18.0% purchased OTC SABA, of whom 76.8% also received SABA prescriptions. Prescriptions of 3–5, 6–9, 10–12 and ≥13 SABA canisters ( versus 1–2) were associated with increasingly lower odds of controlled or partly controlled asthma (adjusted OR 0.64 (95% CI 0.53–0.78), 0.49 (95% CI 0.39–0.61), 0.42 (95% CI 0.34–0.51) and 0.33 (95% CI 0.25–0.45), respectively; n=4597) and higher severe exacerbation rates (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.40 (95% CI 1.24–1.58), 1.52 (95% CI 1.33–1.74), 1.78 (95% CI 1.57–2.02) and 1.92 (95% CI 1.61–2.29), respectively; n=4612). Conclusions This study indicates an association between high SABA prescriptions and poor clinical outcomes across a broad range of countries, healthcare settings and asthma severities, providing support for initiatives to improve asthma morbidity by reducing SABA overreliance.
More than skin deep: a survey of real-life experiences of acne vulgaris
Authors: A.G. Ra, B. Ho, L. Bickerstaffe, A. Bewley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Acne vulgaris is the most common inflammatory dermatosis treated worldwide.1 Acne typically affects younger age groups during a time of physical and social transitions. Acne is often considered a non-serious condition and can be overlooked by medical professionals.2 Recent studies have highlighted the importance of assessing the psychosocial aspect of dermatological conditions to intervene early, provide the necessary psychological support and help prevent suicide.
Surface engineering and the application of laser-based processes to stents - A review of the latest development
Authors: J. Dong, M. Pacella, Y. Liu, L. Zhao
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Late in-stent thrombus and restenosis still represent two major challenges in stents' design. Surface treatment of stent is attracting attention due to the increasing importance of stenting intervention for coronary artery diseases. Several surface engineering techniques have been utilised to improve the biological response in vivo on a wide range of biomedical devices. As a tailorable, precise, and ultra-fast process, laser surface engineering offers the potential to treat stent materials and fabricate various 3D textures, including grooves, pillars, nanowires, porous and freeform structures, while also modifying surface chemistry through nitridation, oxidation and coatings. Laser-based processes can reduce the biodegradable materials' degradation rate, offering many advantages to improve stents' performance, such as increased endothelialisation rate, prohibition of SMC proliferation, reduced platelet adhesion and controlled corrosion and degradation. Nowadays, adequate research has been conducted on laser surface texturing and surface chemistry modification. Laser texturing on commercial stents has been also investigated and a promotion of performance of laser-textured stents has been proved. In this critical review, the influence of surface texture and surface chemistry on stents performance is firstly reviewed to understand the surface characteristics of stents required to facilitate cellular response. This is followed by the explicit illustration of laser surface engineering of stents and/or related materials. Laser induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) on stent materials is then explored, and finally the application of laser surface modification techniques on latest generation of stent devices is highlighted to provide future trends and research direction on laser surface engineering of stents.
Letter by Amadio et al Regarding Article, “Cell-Free DNA to Detect Heart Allograft Acute Rejection”
Authors: Jennifer M. Amadio, Myriam Lafreniere-Roula, Michael McDonald
Journal: Circulation (2021)

We commend Agbor-Enoh et al 1 on their interesting article, "Cell-Free DNA to Detect Heart Allograft Acute Rejection, " further supporting the role of donorderived cell-free DNA (ddcfDNA) as an early marker of acute rejection in heart transplantation.Given the wellarticulated limitations of endomyocardial biopsy as the gold standard test for diagnosing rejection, ddcfDNA may be an important noninvasive tool to minimize issues with interrater reliability for significant rejection, thereby affecting the overall immunosuppression strategy following transplantation. 2Before adopting a wholescale change in our approach to surveillance for acute rejection, we also wish to highlight areas for further clarification with respect to the analysis for this study.The authors paired ddcfDNA with endomyocardial biopsy to assess test performance.These data are then used to inform an alternate narrative suggesting that ddcfDNA predates biopsy-confirmed rejection.Are the authors suggesting that ddcfDNA is the gold standard assessment for acute rejection?This article would have benefited from showing individual trajectories of %ddcfDNA, as opposed to aggregate data.Without individual trajectories, it is impossible to rule out the presence of a potential bias in the group progression.The use of the generalized estimating equation model correctly accounts for within-subject correlation.However, the P values derived from the generalized estimating equation model reflect average differences between groups and not differences across pooled medians as is implied in Figure 3. 1 Could the authors state the correlation structure used for the generalized estimating equation model because this can affect the interpretation of results? 3The number of patients with donor-specific antibodies in the study is also unclear.Because these patients have an increased incidence of acute rejection, it would be interesting to compare %ddcfDNA in patients with and without donor-specific antibodies.How do the authors