tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dynamic lung compliance in non-smokers with asthma and fixed, non-reversible airflow obstruction
Authors: Panagiotis Panagou, Vasilios Tzilas, Demosthenes Bouros
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

We read with interest the article "Dynamic compliance and reactance in older non-smokers with asthma and fixed airflow obstruction" by Durack et al . [1] in the European Respiratory Journal . Oscillometry provides analysis of intrabreath mechanics and airway distensibility measured as the slope of the conductance–lung volume relationship was found to be more sensitive in assessing bronchodilator responsiveness in relation to reactance versus lung volume [2]. Airway distensibility measurement indices might be useful for providing additional information in detecting airway wall pathology in asthma <https://bit.ly/3ntNLya>
A pilot study on the use of the super dimension navigation system for optimal cryobiopsy location in interstitial lung disease diagnostics
Authors: S. Kronborg-White, E. Bendstrup, L. Gori, V. Luzzi, L.B. Madsen, V. Poletti, T.R. Rasmussen, M. Trigiani, S. Vezzosi, S. Tomassetti
Journal: Pulmonology (2021)

Transbronchial cryobiopsies has become increasingly important in the diagnostic workup for interstitial lung diseases. The rate of complications and mortality are low compared to surgical lung biopsies, but the diagnostic yield is not as high. The reason for the lower diagnostic yield could in some cases be explained by biopsies taken too centrally or in less affected areas. In this pilot study we examined the feasibility of using the electromagnetic navigation system, superDimension (SD), when performing cryobiopsies to increase the diagnostic yield.Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy and cryobiopsies were performed using SD. An electromagnetic board placed on the back of the patient and a position sensor at the tip of the navigational probe created a real-time 3D reconstruction of previously acquired computer tomography images. The procedure was performed with the patients in general anesthesia using a rigid bronchoscope when performed in Florence and with a flexible bronchoscope through an orotracheal tube when performed in Aarhus.In total, 18 patients were included. Five patients were excluded, partly due to technical difficulties. Disposable 1.7 mm cryoprobes were used in Aarhus, and reusable 1.9 mm probes in Florence. Pneumothorax was detected in three (23%), mild hemorrhage was seen in one (8%) and moderate hemorrhage in six (46%). The biopsies contributed to the diagnosis in 11 of the patients (85%).Using superDimension electromagnetic navigation system when performing cryobiopsies is feasible. A larger prospective trial is necessary to homogenize the technique between centres and to evaluate diagnostic advantage and complications.
A virtual tumor board platform: A way to enhance decision-making for complex malignancies.
Authors: Steven Hopkins, Roberto J Vidri, Maureen Hill, Namrata Vijayvergia, Jeffrey M. Farma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

316 Background: Multidisciplinary tumor boards (TBs) are crucial for optimal decision making and management of patients diagnosed with complex malignancies. The social distancing conditions imposed by COVID-19 presented an opportunity to assess the value of conducting virtual TBs compared to traditional in-person TBs. Methods: A retrospective analysis of multi-specialty attendance data from a NCI designated cancer center’s Gastrointestinal TB participants from September 2019 to October 2020 was performed. An online survey, containing 21 questions, assessing the virtual TB experience was sent to participants of all TBs across multiple specialties. Interrupted time series analysis was performed to evaluate the transition from in-person to virtual TBs. Results: The overall mean attendance for Gastrointestinal TB was 30 participants; this value increased from 23 to 34 attendees after instituting virtual TBs (p &lt; 0.001). Increased attendance was observed among all participant categories: attending physicians (11 to 15 attendees, p &lt; 0.001), fellows and residents (8 to 11, p &lt; 0.001), supporting staff (3 to 6, p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean number of cases discussed between TB formats. The majority of the 141 survey respondents were attending physicians with &gt; 20-year experience. Of all respondents, most supported a permanent virtual or hybrid TB format, 72.5% found this format to be more time efficient and just as productive, 85.8% found it easier to attend, and 56.7% believe it does not lead to greater distractions; most would not support a “cameras on” policy (65.2%). The majority (89.9%) also stated that confidence in the decision-making process was not affected by virtual interactions. Conclusions: A virtual platform for multi-specialty TBs allows for greater attendance without sacrificing the decision-making process. This survey supports continuing this virtual format, which may subsequently improve care and facilitate access to multidisciplinary discussions for patients.
P05.04 Reradiation by reccurent gliomas with VMAT (Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy) technique- survival benefit
Authors: M Theodorou, I Polycarpou
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients who have been treated with reirradiation for recurrent glioma reported survival benefits. Limited data are available for the outcomes after fractionated re-irradiation. This study aims to investigate whether re-irradiation of recurrent glioma with 45Gy dose can increase the overall survival of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of 35 patients re-irradiated for high-grade glioma recurrence between 2012 and 2020 was performed. All included patients met the following criteria: a) histopathological confirmation of primary brain cancer at initial diagnosis; b) a history of initial primary radiation; c) histological and/or imaging modality confirmation of recurrence. Outcome metrics included overall survival, prognostic factors for survival, and treatment-related toxicity. RESULTS After the end of re-irradiation the median overall survival was 11 months (95% confidence interval, 7–14 months). From the patients evaluated in the current study after the end of re-irradiation the progression free survival was 6 months (3.8 - 8 months) while after the end of first radiation was 13 months (8 - 17.9 months). Our findings suggest that re-irradiation might prolong survival rates. CONCLUSION Recurrent Glioblastoma WHO IV is associated with a median overall survival of less than a year and the majority of patients have profound tumor-related symptoms.The results of this study suggest that re-irradiation may prolong the overall survival.
Impact of a hospital specialty pharmacy in partnership with a free-standing care coordination organization on time to delivery and receipt of oral anticancer drugs.
Authors: Melissa Parsons Beauchemin, Morgan RL Lichtenstein, Rohit R. Raghunathan, Sahil D Doshi, Cynthia Law, Melissa Kate Accordino, Elena B. Elkin, Jason Dennis Wright, Dawn L. Hershman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

43 Background: Most oral anti-cancer drugs (OACD) prescriptions require extensive coordination between providers and payers, which can delay drug receipt. Specialty pharmacies are intended to facilitate communication between multiple entities to deliver OACDs with increased efficiency. In 2018, our cancer center partnered with Shields Health Solutions (SHS), a freestanding organization providing care coordination to implement a hospital-based specialty pharmacy. We evaluated the rate of failed drug receipt (FR) and time to drug receipt (TTR) before and after specialty pharmacy implementation. Methods: We prospectively collected data on all new OACD prescriptions for adult oncology patients at a large, urban cancer center from 1/1/2018 to 12/31/2019. In fall 2018, a specialty pharmacy was opened to facilitate drug procurement for patients. We collected patient demographic, clinical, and insurance data, OACD name, date prescribed, delivery date, and interactions with payers and financial assistance groups. For prescriptions received, TTR was the number of days from OACD prescription to patient receipt of the drug. FR was defined as failure to receive a prescribed OACD. We excluded OACD prescriptions for a washout period of two months during pharmacy initiation. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine factors associated with TTR &gt; 7 days and FR before and after specialty pharmacy implementation. Results: In total, 883 patients were prescribed 1145 new OACDs. The majority of prescribed drugs were targeted treatment (56%, N = 646) and 72% (N = 819) required prior authorization (PA). Of all prescriptions, 86% (N = 999) were successfully received with an overall median TTR of 7 days. Adjusted analyses showed that patients were more likely to receive their drugs in less than 7 days after specialty pharmacy implementation (OR: 1.4 95% CI 1.04 – 1.81), p = 0.03). In an unadjusted analysis, patients were more likely to receive their initial medications after specialty pharmacy implementation, compared to before specialty pharmacy implementation (89% vs. 84%, p = 0.04). Multivariable analysis showed a trend toward more patients receiving drugs after specialty pharmacy implementation (OR: 1.42, 95% CI 0.98 – 2.03, p = 0.06). Conclusions: The implementation of a hospital-based specialty pharmacy in partnership with SHS decreased TTR. This difference is in part attributable to improved care coordination and communication. A centralized approach may improve overall efficiency due to fewer clinical practice disruptions.
Abstract 10070: Coronary Jeopardy Score Predicts Ischemic Etiology in Patients With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Matthew J Ryan, Natalia Briceno, Adriana Villa, Haseeb Rahman, Bhavik Modi, Amedeo Chiribiri, Divaka Perera
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is the most common cause of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) but only a small proportion of patients undergo investigations to establish etio...
Efficacy and toxicity studies on unique branched chain fatty acids and their derivatives as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Zhenhua Yang, Xudong Chen, Shangpei Liu, Shoutie Yu, Qin Li, Caiping Chen, Guotu Wu, Ziqiang Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

620  A novel fermented soy supplement, Yang Zhenhua 851, has been safely and successfully used for about 20 years in China, USA and other countries as sole mainstay treatment or as adjuvant nutrition to treat cancer patients. It has been found that the unique branched chain fatty acids in fermentation broth, 12 methyltetradecanoic acid (12MTD) and 13 methyltetradecanoic acid (13MTD), played important role in anticancer benefits, which were from used bacteria membrane’s metabolites. In order to increase the anticancer activity, a series of structurally modified derivatives have been synthesized. Here some recent in vivo tests on 12MTD and one of 13MTD’s derivatives, D79, will be presented, including subacute and acute toxicity studies and efficacy tests to inhibit tumor growth in mouse cervical cancer U14 model. In the tests on 12MTD two different animal models were compared, i.e. intraperitoneal (ip) and intragastric (ig) administration. In subacute toxicity test, 20 mice of same in each gender were given with ip injection of daily dose 0.3 ml/10g of 1% 12MTD, and another 20 mice with ig of 1 ml/10g of 5% 12MTD, for 10 days to observe the response. On the other hand, in acute toxicity test, only once administration was given and followed by 7 days continuing observation, with ip dose 0.3 ml/10g of 1% 12MTD or ig dose 0.5 ml/10g of 5% 12MTD, respectively. No death was found in all observations, suggesting that LD50 (ip) is over 900 mg/kg, and LD50 (ig) is over 7.5 g/kg, respectively. The results of efficacy of 12MTD in mouse cervical cancer U14 model indicated that either ip administration in daily dose of 200 mg/kg 12MTD or ig administration in 2 g/kg for 10 days significantly inhibited the tumor growth. The inhibition rate is 56.96% (p
Hemoglobin A1c—Using Epidemiology to Guide Medical Practice: Kelly West Award Lecture 2020
Authors: Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

The discovery that HbA1c was a valid and reliable measure of average glucose exposure was one of the most important advances in diabetes care. HbA1c was rapidly adopted for monitoring glucose control and is now recommended for the diagnosis of diabetes. HbA1c has several advantages over glucose. Glucose assessment requires fasting, has poor preanalytic stability, and is not standardized; concentrations are acutely altered by a number of factors; and measurement can vary depending on sample type (e.g., plasma or whole blood) and source (e.g., capillary, venous, interstitial). HbA1c does not require fasting, reflects chronic exposure to glucose over the past 2–3 months, and has low within-person variability, and assays are well standardized. One reason HbA1c is widely accepted as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker is that epidemiologic studies have demonstrated robust links between HbA1c and complications, with stronger associations than those observed for usual measures of glucose. Clinical trials have also demonstrated that lowering HbA1c slows or prevents the development of microvascular disease. As with all laboratory tests, there are some clinical situations in which HbA1c is unreliable (e.g., certain hemoglobin variants, alterations in red blood cell turnover). Recent studies demonstrate that fructosamine and glycated albumin may be substituted as measures of hyperglycemia in these settings. Other approaches to monitoring glucose have recently been introduced, including continuous glucose monitoring, although this technology relies on interstitial glucose and epidemiologic evidence supporting its routine use has not yet been established for most clinical settings. In summary, a large body of epidemiologic evidence has convincingly established HbA1c as a cornerstone of modern diabetes care.
An appeal for an objective, open, and transparent scientific debate about the origin of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jacques van Helden, Colin D Butler, Guillaume Achaz, Bruno Canard, Didier Casane, Jean-Michel Claverie, Fabien Colombo, Virginie Courtier, Richard H Ebright, François Graner, Milton Leitenberg, Serge Morand, Nikolai Petrovsky, Rossana Segreto, Etienne Decroly, José Halloy
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
Increase in Myopia Reported Among Children During COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Jiaxing Wang, MD, PhD; Ying Li, MD, PhD; David C. Musch, PhD, MPH; Nan Wei, MD; Xiaoli Qi, MD; Gang Ding, MD; Xue Li, MD; Jing Li, MD; Linlin Song, MD; Ying Zhang, MD; Yuxian Ning, MD; Xiaoyu Zeng, MD; Ning Hua, MD; Shuo Li, MD, PhD; Xuehan Qian, MD, PhD
Nonthermal resection device for ablation of Barrett’s esophagus: a feasibility and safety study
Authors: Annieke W. Gotink, Yonne Peters, Marco J. Bruno, Peter D. Siersema, Arjun D. Koch
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Background Several techniques exist for the eradication of Barrett’s esophagus (BE); however, all have limitations regarding successful conversion to squamous epithelium and a complication profile. We aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of a new nonthermal device, the EndoRotor, for the eradication of BE as a first-line ablation technique. Methods Patients with BE were prospectively included at two tertiary referral centers in The Netherlands. Inclusion criteria: BE length 2–5 cm, with low grade dysplasia, high grade dysplasia, or residual BE after endoscopic resection (ER) of a lesion containing early neoplasia. Exclusion criteria: previous ER &gt; 50 % circumference, or previous ablation therapy. Follow-up endoscopy was performed 3 months after ablation therapy. Outcomes were the percentage of endoscopically visible BE surface regression and complications. Results 30 patients were included (age 66 years, interquartile range [IQR] 59–73, median BE C0M3, 25 male). Overall, 18 patients underwent ER prior to ablation. Median percentage BE ablated was 100 % (IQR 94 %–100 %). Median visual BE surface regression at 3-month follow-up was 80 % (IQR 68 %–95 %). Multiple residual Barrett’s islands were commonly seen. Six patients (20 %) had a treatment-related complication requiring intervention, including one perforation (3 %), one postprocedural hemorrhage (3 %), and four strictures (13 %). Post-procedural pain was reported in 18 patients (60 %). Conclusions Endoscopic ablation of BE using this novel nonthermal device was found to be technically demanding, with a longer procedure time compared with established ablation techniques and a high complication rate. Based on these results, we do not recommend its use as a first-line ablation technique for the eradication of BE.
Implication of folate deficiency in CYP2U1 loss of function
Authors: Claire Pujol, Anne Legrand, Livia Parodi, Priscilla Thomas, Fanny Mochel, Dario Saracino, Giulia Coarelli, Marijana Croon, Milica Popovic, Manon Valet, Nicolas Villain, Shahira Elshafie, Mahmoud Issa, Stephane Zuily, Mathilde Renaud, Cécilia Marelli-Tosi, Marine Legendre, Aurélien Trimouille, Isabelle Kemlin, Sophie Mathieu, Joseph G. Gleeson, Foudil Lamari, Daniele Galatolo, Rana Alkouri, Chantal Tse, Diana Rodriguez, Claire Ewenczyk, Florence Fellmann, Thierry Kuntzer, Emilie Blond, Khalid H. El Hachimi, Frédéric Darios, Alexandre Seyer, Anastasia D. Gazi, Patrick Giavalisco, Silvina Perin, Jean-Luc Boucher, Laurent Le Corre, Filippo M. Santorelli, Cyril Goizet, Maha S. Zaki, Serge Picaud, Arnaud Mourier, Sophie Marie Steculorum, Cyril Mignot, Alexandra Durr, Aleksandra Trifunovic, Giovanni Stevanin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

Hereditary spastic paraplegias are heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms remains sparse, and therapeutic options are lacking. We characterized a mouse model lacking the Cyp2u1 gene, loss of which is known to be involved in a complex form of these diseases in humans. We showed that this model partially recapitulated the clinical and biochemical phenotypes of patients. Using electron microscopy, lipidomic, and proteomic studies, we identified vitamin B2 as a substrate of the CYP2U1 enzyme, as well as coenzyme Q, neopterin, and IFN-α levels as putative biomarkers in mice and fluids obtained from the largest series of CYP2U1-mutated patients reported so far. We also confirmed brain calcifications as a potential biomarker in patients. Our results suggest that CYP2U1 deficiency disrupts mitochondrial function and impacts proper neurodevelopment, which could be prevented by folate supplementation in our mouse model, followed by a neurodegenerative process altering multiple neuronal and extraneuronal tissues.
Morris Greenberg: occupational health specialist on a lifelong quest to make the world asbestos free
Authors: John Illman
Journal: BMJ (2021)

In 1967 a young doctor, Morris Greenberg, noted that every surface in a London factory was covered in white asbestos dust. Workers without face masks were brushing the floor, churning up clouds of the so called “magic mineral,” unaware of the danger, even though one man was struggling to breathe. Ironically, he complained that his mask impeded his breathing.

Marking a turning point in Greenberg’s career, the Bermondsey visit fired his lifelong quest to make the world asbestos free, despite persistent government prevarication and formidable industrial opposition. Asbestos took Greenberg into a murky world of scientific deceit and political collusion, where victims of asbestosis and related diseases died in destitution while their bosses received honours and riches: asbestos was as wealth promoting as it was life threatening.

Greenberg was later acclaimed as one of the giants of occupational health, although he was feted more outside the UK than within it. He was also branded—a distinguished honour in itself—as a major trouble maker by the UK asbestos industry.

Formidable adversaries included Ralph Bateman (1910-96), former president of the Confederation of British Industry and chairman of Turner and Newall, which at one time ran the world’s largest asbestos factory. Bateman considered that asbestos could be sold “safely” in developing countries, where life expectancy was so low that people would …
Monitoring Incidence of COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Status — 13 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–July 17, 2021
Authors: Heather M. Scobie, Amelia G. Johnson, Amitabh B. Suthar, Rachel Severson, Nisha B. Alden, Sharon Balter, Daniel Bertolino, David Blythe, Shane Brady, Betsy Cadwell, Iris Cheng, Sherri Davidson, Janelle Delgadillo, Katelynn Devinney, Jeff Duchin, Monique Duwell, Rebecca Fisher, Aaron Fleischauer, Ashley Grant, Jennifer Griffin, Meredith Haddix, Julie Hand, Matt Hanson, Eric Hawkins, Rachel K. Herlihy, Liam Hicks, Corinne Holtzman, Mikhail Hoskins, Judie Hyun, Ramandeep Kaur, Meagan Kay, Holly Kidrowski, Curi Kim, Kenneth Komatsu, Kiersten Kugeler, Melissa Lewis, B. Casey Lyons, Shelby Lyons, Ruth Lynfield, Keegan McCaffrey, Chelsea McMullen, Lauren Milroy, Stephanie Meyer, Leisha Nolen, Monita R. Patel, Sargis Pogosjans, Heather E. Reese, Amy Saupe, Jessica Sell, Theresa Sokol, Daniel Sosin, Emma Stanislawski, Kelly Stevens, Hailey Vest, Kelly White, Erica Wilson, Adam MacNeil, Matthew D. Ritchey, Benjamin J. Silk
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Portions of the population in Colorado (49%), Minnesota (55%), New Mexico (61%), and Utah (35%) and the whole population of Maryland are included as part of the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET).https:
The Experienced Surgeon and New Tricks—It’s Time for Full Adoption and Support of Automated Performance Metrics and Databases
Authors: Carla M. Pugh
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

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