tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on timely care for extrauterine pregnancies: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Matan Anteby, Liel Van Mil, Nadav Michaan, Ido Laskov, Dan Grisaru
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic may have taken a toll upon the rate of extrauterine pregnancy (EUP)-related admissions and emergent surgeries.This retrospective study compared current and past visits to the emergency services of a large metropolitan university-affiliated medical center in Tel-Aviv, Israel. Data on EUP-related and regular early pregnancy care-related presentations to the emergency department (ED) during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected and compared to a historical control group admitted during 2018-2019. The primary outcome was the rate of ruptured EUP. Secondary outcomes included the rate of EUPs requiring surgery, symptoms, blood products, blood loss, embryonic heart rate, β-HCG levels, and intensive care unit transfer.During the COVID-19 pandemic there was a 28.3% reduction in women seeking early pregnancy and emergent gynecological medical care. ED visits due to suspected EUP were similar: After exclusion, the study group comprised of 100 women and the combined control group from previous years included 208 women with confirmed EUP. Baseline maternal characteristics were similar between the groups. The rate of ruptured EUP's was significantly more common during the COVID-19 pandemic than in previous years [odds ratio (OR) 2•403 (1•272-4•539), p = 0•006]. Moreover, during the pandemic patients admitted due to EUP were significantly more symptomatic [OR 1•815 (1•072-3•074), p = 0•017] and had more blood loss demonstrated as substantial hemoglobin decline [OR 2•441 (1•07-5•565), p = 0•028] as well as hemoperitoneum during surgery [OR 2•672 (1•095-6•52), p = 0•035] The number of women receiving blood products was higher in the study group yet not reaching statistical significance [7% vs 3•4%, OR 2•161 (0•737-6•339) p = 0•128]. The overall rate of surgically treated EUP was similar between the groups [OR 1•070 (0•660-1•734), p = 0•439] and there was no significant difference in non-surgical management.The COVID-19 pandemic has a toll on early pregnancy emergent care due to EUP with a significantly higher risk of tubal rupture and morbidity. Physicians should expect delayed presentation of symptomatic EUP and act accordingly.This research received no funding.
Situación epidemiológica de la EEB en Francia: últimos datos de los casos "nacidos tras la prohibición"
Authors: C Ducrot, D Calavas, T Baron, A E Agrech, M Coudert, M Savey
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

A pesar de las medidas adoptadas en Francia desde 1990 para controlar la difusion de la encefalopatia espongiforme bovina (EEB), en los ultimos anos la incidencia de casos de EEB declarados en Francia por la Red de Vigilancia Epidemiologica de la EEB ha experimentado un aumento constante. Al 1 de julio de 2000, se habian detectado 103 casos de EEB, incluidos 74 casos ‘nacidos tras la prohibicion’ (NTP). Este aumento refleja los cambios producidos a lo largo del tiempo, tanto con respecto a la incidencia real de la enfermedad como a su vigilancia.
COVID-19, immunothrombosis and venous thromboembolism: biological mechanisms
Authors: Joan Loo, Daniella A Spittle, Michael Newnham
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Thrombotic events that frequently occur in COVID-19 are predominantly venous thromboemboli (VTE) and are associated with increasing disease severity and worse clinical outcomes. Distinctive microvascular abnormalities in COVID-19 include endothelial inflammation, disruption of intercellular junctions and microthrombi formation. A distinct COVID-19-associated coagulopathy along with increased cytokines and activation of platelets, endothelium and complement occur in COVID-19, which is more frequent with worsening disease severity. This proinflammatory milieu may result in immunothrombosis, a host defence mechanism that can become dysregulated, leading to excess formation of immunologically mediated thrombi which predominantly affect the microvasculature. The haemostatic and immune systems are intricately linked, and multifactorial processes are likely to contribute to VTE and immunothrombosis in COVID-19. This state-of-the-art review will explore the pathobiological mechanisms of immunothrombosis and VTE in COVID-19 focusing on: COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, pathology, endothelial dysfunction and haemostasis, the immune system and thrombosis, genetic associations and additional thrombotic mechanisms. An understanding of the complex interplay between these processes is necessary for developing and assessing how new treatments affect VTE and immunothrombosis in COVID-19.
Abstract 16424: Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among a Nationally Representative Adult Population With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Without Clinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Tanushree Agrawal, Isaac Acquah, Amit Dey, Syed Z Hassan, Kerri Glassner, Bincy Abraham, Eamonn Quigley, Nehal N Mehta, Martin B Mortensen, Salim S Virani, Michael J Blaha, Ron Blankstein, Khurram Nasir, Miguel Cainzos Achirica
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), comprised of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with systemic involvement. Inflammation predisposes to atherosclerosis and studies suggest that IBD is associated with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). There is, however, limited population-based data on cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) burden in IBD among those who have not yet developed clinical ASCVD. We sought to study the association between IBD and CRFs among a nationally representative population with IBD and without established ASCVD. Methods: The study population was derived from the 2015-2016 National Health Interview Survey database. ASCVD was defined as myocardial infarction, angina or stroke; those with ASCVD were excluded. IBD was defined as either CD or UC. We computed weighted prevalence estimates of various traditional CRFs for the US population by IBD status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between CRFs and IBD. Average and poor cardiovascular risk profiles were defined as 2-3 and ≥4 CRFs, respectively. Results: Overall 786 (1.2%) representing 2.6 million ASCVD-free adults reported IBD. Individuals with IBD had higher prevalence of multiple CRFs (Figure, top). In adjusted models those with IBD had significantly higher odds of having prevalent hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia (Figure, bottom). These associations were similar among elderly and young participants. Those with IBD were almost 2-fold more likely to have a poor cardiovascular risk profile. Conclusion: Our findings from a nationally representative US population suggest an increased burden and clustering of CRFs among IBD patients without clinical ASCVD. Future efforts are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms, and enhance the detection and treatment of these CRFs to reduce ASCVD risk in IBD patients.
Anatomic-Functional Imaging by Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography as the Cornerstone of Diagnosis and Treatment for Coronary Patients: A Glimpse Into the (Near) Future?⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: William Wijns
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Pathophysiology-based subphenotyping of individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Robert Wagner, Martin Heni, Adam G. Tabák, Jürgen Machann, Fritz Schick, Elko Randrianarisoa, Martin Hrabě de Angelis, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Norbert Stefan, Andreas Peter, Hans-Ulrich Häring, Andreas Fritsche
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)
Predicting survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using the LiTES-HCC score
Authors: David Goldberg, Alejandro Mantero, Craig Newcomb, Cindy Delgado, Kimberly A. Forde, David E. Kaplan, Binu John, Nadine Nuchovich, Barbara Dominguez, Ezekiel Emanuel, Peter P. Reese
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2021)
The Centromere Histone Is Conserved and Associated with Tandem Repeats Sharing a Conserved 19-bp Box in the Holocentromere of <i>Meloidogyne</i> Nematodes
Authors: Evelin Despot-Slade, Brankica Mravinac, Saša Širca, Philippe Castagnone-Sereno, Miroslav Plohl, Nevenka Meštrović
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Although centromeres have conserved function, centromere-specific histone H3 (CenH3) and centromeric DNA evolve rapidly. The centromere drive model explains this phenomenon as a consequence of the conflict between fast-evolving DNA and CenH3, suggesting asymmetry in female meiosis as a crucial factor. We characterized evolution of the CenH3 protein in three closely related, polyploid mitotic parthenogenetic species of the Meloidogyne incognita group, and in the distantly related meiotic parthenogen Meloidogyne hapla. We identified duplication of the CenH3 gene in a putative sexual ancestral Meloidogyne. We found that one CenH3 (αCenH3) remained conserved in all extant species, including in distant Meloidogyne hapla, whereas the other evolved rapidly and under positive selection into four different CenH3 variants. This pattern of CenH3 evolution in Meloidogyne species suggests the subspecialization of CenH3s in ancestral sexual species. Immunofluorescence performed on mitotic Meloidogyne incognita revealed a dominant role of αCenH3 on its centromere, whereas the other CenH3s have lost their function in mitosis. The observed αCenH3 chromosome distribution disclosed cluster-like centromeric organization. The ChIP-Seq analysis revealed that in M. incognita αCenH3-associated DNA dominantly comprises tandem repeats, composed of divergent monomers which share a completely conserved 19-bp long box. Conserved αCenH3-associated DNA is also confirmed in the related mitotic Meloidogyne incognita group species suggesting preservation of both centromere protein and DNA constituents. We hypothesize that the absence of centromere drive in mitosis might allow for CenH3 and its associated DNA to achieve an equilibrium in which they can persist for long periods of time.
An organization‐ and category‐level comparison of diagnostic requirements for mental disorders in <scp>ICD</scp>‐11 and <scp>DSM</scp>‐5
Authors: Michael B. First, Wolfgang Gaebel, Mario Maj, Dan J. Stein, Cary S. Kogan, John B. Saunders, Vladimir B. Poznyak, Oye Gureje, Roberto Lewis‐Fernández, Andreas Maercker, Chris R. Brewin, Marylene Cloitre, Angelica Claudino, Kathleen M. Pike, Gillian Baird, David Skuse, Richard B. Krueger, Peer Briken, Jeffrey D. Burke, John E. Lochman, Spencer C. Evans, Douglas W. Woods, Geoffrey M. Reed
Journal: World Psychiatry (2021)

In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) published the 5th edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). In 2019, the World Health Assembly approved the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). It has often been suggested that the field would benefit from a single, unified classification of mental disorders, although the priorities and constituencies of the two sponsoring organizations are quite different. During the development of the ICD-11 and DSM-5, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the APA made efforts toward harmonizing the two systems, including the appointment of an ICD-DSM Harmonization Group. This paper evaluates the success of these harmonization efforts and provides a guide for practitioners, researchers and policy makers describing the differences between the two systems at both the organizational and the disorder level. The organization of the two classifications of mental disorders is substantially similar. There are nineteen ICD-11 disorder categories that do not appear in DSM-5, and seven DSM-5 disorder categories that do not appear in the ICD-11. We compared the Essential Features section of the ICD-11 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (CDDG) with the DSM-5 criteria sets for 103 diagnostic entities that appear in both systems. We rated 20 disorders (19.4%) as having major differences, 42 disorders (40.8%) as having minor definitional differences, 10 disorders (9.7%) as having minor differences due to greater degree of specification in DSM-5, and 31 disorders (30.1%) as essentially identical. Detailed descriptions of the major differences and some of the most important minor differences, with their rationale and related evidence, are provided. The ICD and DSM are now closer than at any time since the ICD-8 and DSM-II. Differences are largely based on the differing priorities and uses of the two diagnostic systems and on differing interpretations of the evidence. Substantively divergent approaches allow for empirical comparisons of validity and utility and can contribute to advances in the field.
Abstract 12982: Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Cavitation With Sodium Nitrite Synergistically Enhances Nitric Oxide Production and Microvascular Perfusion
Authors: Gary Z Yu, Filip Istvanic, Mehdi Nouraie, Xucai Chen, John Pacella
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Congestive heart failure following AMI is rising due to microvascular obstruction (MVO), a combination of obstruction by atherothrombotic debris and inflammation accentuated by decreased nitric oxi...
Efficient IL-2R signaling differentially affects the stability, function, and composition of the regulatory T-cell pool
Authors: Marc Permanyer, Berislav Bošnjak, Silke Glage, Michaela Friedrichsen, Stefan Floess, Jochen Huehn, Gwendolyn E. Patzer, Ivan Odak, Nadine Eckert, Razieh Zargari, Laura Ospina-Quintero, Hristo Georgiev, Reinhold Förster
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2021)

Abstract Signaling via interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a requisite for regulatory T (Treg) cell identity and function. However, it is not completely understood to what degree IL-2R signaling is required for Treg cell homeostasis, lineage stability and function in both resting and inflammatory conditions. Here, we characterized a spontaneous mutant mouse strain endowed with a hypomorphic Tyr129His variant of CD25, the α-chain of IL-2R, which resulted in diminished receptor expression and reduced IL-2R signaling. Under noninflammatory conditions, Cd25 Y129H mice harbored substantially lower numbers of peripheral Treg cells with stable Foxp3 expression that prevented the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease. In contrast, Cd25 Y129H Treg cells failed to efficiently induce immune suppression and lost lineage commitment in a T-cell transfer colitis model, indicating that unimpaired IL-2R signaling is critical for Treg cell function in inflammatory environments. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing of Treg cells revealed that impaired IL-2R signaling profoundly affected the balance of central and effector Treg cell subsets. Thus, partial loss of IL-2R signaling differentially interferes with the maintenance, heterogeneity, and suppressive function of the Treg cell pool.
Risk of Cancer in Biopsy-Proven Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study of 3410 Persons
Authors: Hannes Hagström, Maja Thiele, Rajani Sharma, Tracey G. Simon, Bjorn Roelstraete, Jonas Söderling, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)

Persons with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) are at an increased risk of death and liver-related endpoints, but the association with incident cancer is not well understood, and whether it differs across histopathological subgroups is undefined.We investigated the risk of cancer in 3,410 persons with a diagnosis of ALD and an available liver biopsy in Sweden between 1969-2016, compared to a matched reference population. Administrative coding from national registers and liver biopsy data were used to define exposure and outcome status. Competing risk regression, adjusted for available confounders and using non-cancer mortality as the competing risk, was used to estimate subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs) for incident cancer.At baseline, persons with ALD had a median age of 58.2 years, 67% were men, and 2,042 (60%) had cirrhosis. ALD was not associated with cancer in general (sHR = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.92-1.11), although the risk was increased in persons surviving ≥1 year (sHR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.08-1.32). The risk of liver cancer was elevated sHR = 12.80, 95%CI = 9.38-17.45). HCC incidence among ALD persons with cirrhosis was 8.6 cases/1,000 person-years, corresponding to a cumulative incidence after 10 years of 5.0%.Persons with biopsy-proven ALD that survive the initial time after diagnosis are at an elevated risk for cancer, in particular HCC compared with the general population. Although the risk for HCC was elevated, data do not suggest that routine surveillance for HCC in ALD cirrhosis is cost-effective.
High mortality rate in COVID-19 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms after abrupt withdrawal of ruxolitinib
Authors: Tiziano Barbui, Alessandro Maria Vannucchi, Alberto Alvarez-Larran, Alessandra Iurlo, Arianna Masciulli, Alessandra Carobbio, Arianna Ghirardi, Alberto Ferrari, Giuseppe Rossi, Elena Elli, Marcio Miguel Andrade-Campos, Mercedes Gasior Kabat, Jean-Jaques Kiladjian, Francesca Palandri, Giulia Benevolo, Valentin Garcia-Gutierrez, Maria Laura Fox, Maria Angeles Foncillas, Carmen Montoya Morcillo, Elisa Rumi, Santiago Osorio, Petros Papadopoulos, Massimiliano Bonifacio, Keina Susana Quiroz Cervantes, Miguel Sagues Serrano, Gonzalo Carreno-Tarragona, Marta Anna Sobas, Francesca Lunghi, Andrea Patriarca, Begona Navas Elorza, Anna Angona, Elena Magro Mazo, Steffen Koschmieder, Marco Ruggeri, Beatriz Cuevas, Juan Carlos Hernandez-Boluda, Emma Lopez Abadia, Blanca Xicoy Cirici, Paola Guglielmelli, Marta Garrote, Daniele Cattaneo, Rosa Daffini, Fabrizio Cavalca, Beatriz Bellosillo, Lina Benajiba, Natalia Curto-Garcia, Marta Bellini, Silvia Betti, Valerio De Stefano, Claire Harrison, Alessandro Rambaldi
Journal: Leukemia (2021)

We report the clinical presentation and risk factors for survival in 175 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and COVID-19, diagnosed between February and June 2020. After a median follow-up of 50 days, mortality was higher than in the general population and reached 48% in myelofibrosis (MF). Univariate analysis, showed a significant relationship between death and age, male gender, decreased lymphocyte counts, need for respiratory support, comorbidities and diagnosis of MF, while no association with essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and prefibrotic-PMF (pre-PMF) was found. Regarding MPN-directed therapy ongoing at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis, Ruxolitinib (Ruxo) was significantly more frequent in patients who died in comparison with survivors (p = 0.006). Conversely, multivariable analysis found no effect of Ruxo alone on mortality, but highlighted an increased risk of death in the 11 out of 45 patients who discontinued treatment. These findings were also confirmed in a propensity score matching analysis. In conclusion, we found a high risk of mortality during COVID-19 infection among MPN patients, especially in MF patients and/or discontinuing Ruxo at COVID-19 diagnosis. These findings call for deeper investigation on the role of Ruxo treatment and its interruption, in affecting mortality in MPN patients with COVID-19.
WHO recommends corticosteroids for patients with severe or critical COVID-19
Authors: Holly Keyt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Source CitationLamontagne F, Agoritsas T, Macdonald H, et al. A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19. BMJ. 2020;370:m3379. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32887691/AbstractClinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Emergency Med: Hospitalists: Infectious Disease: Critical Care: Pulmonology:
Coronary artery bypass grafts in 109 autopsied patients. Statistical analysis of graft and anastomosis patency and regional myocardial injury
Authors: G. W. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The natural history of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs) is poorly understood. In 109 hearts with CABGs, examined after postmortem coronary arteriography and fixation in distention from patients autopsied at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, we studied the 236 grafted coronary arteries for graft and anastomosis patency and operative myocardial injury in the distribution of the distal anastomosis. Of the 30 patients who died at operation, 71 of 72 (99%) had patent grafts; of 61 who died within one month, 120 of 131 (92%) had patent grafts; and of 18 who died one to 70 months after surgery 20 of 33 (61%) had patent grafts. The distal anastomosis site was open in 184 of 211 (87%) patent grafts but in only 13 of 25 (52%) nonpatent grafts. Regional contraction-band necrosis was found in 83 of 184 (45%) with patent graft and distal anastomosis, but in only 11 of 52 (21%) that were closed. Five closed distal anastomoses, but none that were open, had coagulation necrosis. Since the introduction of cold potassium chloride cardioplegia, significantly less regional contraction-band necrosis (19 of 79) (24%) was found than before (80 of 157) (51%). The results of this study show less CABG patency in long-term survivors; association of regional contractionband necrosis with patent grafts and of coagulation necrosis with closed grafts; and less operative myocardial injury with current surgical technique. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1785-1789)
Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs): Structure, function and the overcoming of cancer multidrug resistance
Authors: Jing-Quan Wang, Yuqi Yang, Chao-Yun Cai, Qiu-Xu Teng, Qingbin Cui, Jun Lin, Yehuda G. Assaraf, Zhe-Sheng Chen
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2021)
Women's Health
Authors: Charlea T. Massion
Journal: JAMA (2003)

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The Sensitivity and Costs of Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Saliva Versus Nasopharyngeal Swabs
Authors: Mayara Lisboa Bastos, Sara Perlman-Arrow, Dick Menzies, Jonathon R. Campbell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Nasopharyngeal swabs are the primary sampling method used for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but they require a trained health care professional and extensive personal protective equipment.