tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Scintigraphic pattern of regional cardiac sympathetic innervation in patients with familial long QT syndrome using positron emission tomography.
Authors: HCalkins, M HLehmann, KAllman, DWieland, MSchwaiger
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to determine whether scintigraphic evidence of cardiac  neuronal dysinnervation is present in patients with the familial long QT syndrome. The sympathetic  hypothesis for the familial long QT syndrome proposes that the long QT syndrome results from a congenital imbalance of  innervation of the heart caused by lower-than-normal right cardiac  activity. Although the majority of clinical features of the long QT syndrome can be understood according to this hypothesis, its validity has never been shown. Noninvasive scintigraphic evaluation of the pattern of  innervation of the heart has recently become possible with catecholamine analogues that can be taken up by  nerve terminals: radioiodinated metaiodobenzyl guanidine or C-11 hydroxyephedrine (HED).METHODS AND RESULTSNine affected patients, each from a separate family with familial long QT syndrome, were enrolled in this study (three men, six women; mean...
Contribution of dynamic vascular wall thickening to luminal narrowing during coronary arterial constriction.
Authors: R NMacAlpin
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Available estimates of the ratio of wall thickness to luminal radius of human coronary arteries and certain geometrical assumptions were used to calculate the amounts of vascular smooth muscle shortening required to produce specific changes in luminal diameter for hypothetical normal and stenotic arteries. The results indicate that even modest mural thickening due to disease may act as a lever in translating physiologic degrees of medial smooth muscle shortening into critical luminal obstructions, providing the diseased segment maintains some pliability. The possibility of acute luminal occlusion occurring at stenotic sites as the result of normal vasomotion is illustrated. The appropriate use of the term coronary arterial spasm is discussed in light of these observations.
Intraventricular reentry with narrow QRS complex.
Authors: C PReddy, AKhorasanchian
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Reentry within the His-Purkinje System (V3 phenomenon) where the reentry pathway incorporates both bundle branches and the bundle of His is a frequent phenomenon during ventricular refractory period studies. In this form of reentry, both divisions of the left bundle branch function as a single limb and the reentrant beats (V3) have either left bundle branch block or right bundle branch block pattern. In this report, we describe in three patients the occurrence of a new type of reentrant beat (V3) whose characteristics suggested reentry within a circuit in which the retrograde limb of the reentrant circuit was constituted by one of the two divisions of the left bundle branch and the antegrade limb(s) by right bundle branch and the remaining division of the left bundle branch; i.e., the two divisions of the left bundle branch functioned as two separate limbs. We reached this conclusion because 1) reentry occurred within a narrow range of V1V2 intervals and was dependent upon critical retrograde His-Purkinje...
The advice zone
Authors: Nigel Gray
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Got a career or university related problem that needs answering? Can't find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone at www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone to post a question or to see if one of our experts has already solved your problem



Taking time out to complete a masters may be beneficial later when it comes to applying for a national training number in your chosen specialty. The bottleneck in career progression nowadays is at that level so extra qualifications are important in ensuring that you manage to get onto the shortlists for national training numbers.

If you have the opportunity to do this after completing registration it will not harm your career to do a masters, since you will not damage your chances of getting a good senior house officer post and it may well improve them.

It is important that the subject of the masters degree that you plan to do compliments any firm ideas that you may have at this stage about the field that you ultimately wish to specialise in. If you are not set at this …
Dual effect of serotonin on growth of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in culture.
Authors: S LLee, W WWang, B JMoore, B LFanburg
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We have previously reported that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5HT]) alters cultured bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (SMC) configuration through two different regulatory mechanisms. We now report that 5HT also regulates SMC growth through these same two mechanisms--a stimulatory event initiated intracellularly and inhibition of growth resulting from a cell surface action. 5HT (1 microM) plus 0.1 mM iproniazid (a 5HT metabolic inhibitor) produced a severalfold stimulation of DNA synthesis (as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation) of SMCs after a 17-24-hour incubation with only a slight elevation of cellular cAMP. This stimulatory effect responded synergistically with other growth factors including platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor and was effectively reversed by 5HT uptake inhibition. It was not produced by 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, a metabolite of 5HT. In the presence of 1 microM 5HT plus 0.1 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), cAMP was e...
Regional changes in creatine kinase and myocyte size in hypertensive and nonhypertensive cardiac hypertrophy.
Authors: S HSmith, M FKramer, IReis, S PBishop, J SIngwall
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Several intracellular enzymes have been shown to have altered total activity or isoenzyme composition in cardiac hypertrophy. This study tests the hypothesis that the accumulation of the fetal-type (BB + MB) creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes in hypertrophied adult myocardium is related to an increase in blood pressure. Consideration was made for the location, size, and hemodynamic load of the myocytes. By using the two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) rat model of renal hypertension with and without hydralazine treatment, CK (total and isoenzyme), lactate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase activities and myocyte size were measured. An increased heart weight/body weight ratio occurred in both untreated 2K1C rats (4.15 +/- 0.09) and hydralazine-treated 2K1C rats (4.12 +/- 0.13) as compared with control rats (3.25 +/- 0.10). Blood pressure was high only in untreated 2K1C rats (196 +/- 9 mm Hg), as compared with hydralazine-treated 2K1C rats (142 +/- 6 mm Hg) and control rats (135 +/- 3 mm Hg). Myocytes were isolated f...
Immunotherapy With Programmed Cell Death 1 vs Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Inhibitors in Patients With Cancer—Reply
Authors: Zhijie Wang, Zhengyi Zhao, Jie Wang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Sympathetic innervation alters growth and intrinsic heart rate of fetal rat atria maturing in oculo.
Authors: D CTucker, RGist
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

The influence of sympathetic innervation on the growth and intrinsic rate of beating established by fetal rat heart was studied by culturing fetal atrial tissue in sympathetically innervated and denervated anterior eye chambers of adult Sprague-Dawley rats. One anterior eye chamber in each host rat was sympathetically denervated by removing the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion. In oculo, atrial grafts were vascularized by blood vessels sprouting from the iris and innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers from the ground plexus of the iris. Innervation was assessed by light-activated efferent nerve stimulation to the grafts that changed their rates of beating. The norepinephrine contents of 16 atria cultured for 2.5 months in sympathetically innervated and denervated eye chambers were 5.7 +/- 1.1 ng/implant vs. 0.2 +/- 0.07 ng/implant (mean +/- SEM), indicating permanent sympathetic denervation of the anterior eye chamber and the implanted atria. By 8 weeks in oculo, atria maturing in symp...
Isoprenaline stimulates gene transcription of the inhibitory G protein alpha-subunit Gi alpha-2 in rat heart.
Authors: F UMüller, K RBoheler, TEschenhagen, WSchmitz, HScholz
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

In vitro transcription reactions were performed with isolated ventricular nuclei of adult rats to investigate whether increased mRNA levels of the inhibitory G protein alpha-subunit Gi alpha-2 after prolonged in vivo stimulation with the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline are caused by increased transcription. Rats were treated by a 4-day subcutaneous infusion of isoprenaline (2.4 mg/kg per day) or 0.9% NaCl as control. To avoid the influence of developmental expression patterns, adult rats were chosen for all experiments. Signals for Gi alpha-2 and the stimulatory G protein alpha-subunit Gs alpha were specific and due to hybridization of nascent mRNA transcripts. In the isoprenaline group the transcriptional activity of Gi alpha-2 gene increased to 140% of the control value, whereas gene specific hybridization for Gs alpha remained unchanged. These results show that increased Gi alpha-2 mRNA levels after stimulation with isoprenaline are at least partially caused by enhanced transcription of Gi alpha...
Superior survival with pediatric-style chemotherapy compared to myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in older adolescents and young adults with Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission: analysis from CALGB 10403 and the CIBMTR
Authors: Matthew J. Wieduwilt, Wendy Stock, Anjali Advani, Selina Luger, Richard A. Larson, Martin Tallman, Frederick Appelbaum, Mei-Jie Zhang, Khalid Bo-Subait, Hai-Lin Wang, Vijaya Raj Bhatt, Bhagirathbhai Dholaria, Mary Eapen, Mehdi Hamadani, Omer Jamy, Tim Prestidge, Michael Pulsipher, David Ritchie, David Rizzieri, Akshay Sharma, Pere Barba, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Marcos de Lima, Partow Kebriaei, Mark Litzow, Wael Saber, Daniel Weisdorf
Journal: Leukemia (2021)

Abstract Optimal post-remission therapy for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first complete remission (CR1) is not established. We compared overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), relapse, and non-relapse mortality (NRM) for patients receiving post-remission therapy on CALGB 10403 to a cohort undergoing myeloablative (MA) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in CR1. In univariate analysis, OS was superior with chemotherapy compared to MA allogeneic HCT (3-year OS 77% vs. 53%, P &lt; 0.001). In multivariate analysis, allogeneic HCT showed inferior OS (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.5–2.66, P &lt; 0.001), inferior DFS (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.25–2.12, P &lt; 0.001), and increased NRM (HR 5.41, 95% CI 3.23–9.06, P &lt; 0.001) compared to chemotherapy. A higher 5-year relapse incidence was seen with chemotherapy compared to allogeneic HCT (34% vs. 23%, P = 0.011). Obesity was independently associated with inferior OS (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.63–2.89, P &lt; 0.001), inferior DFS (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.51–2.57, P &lt; 0.001), increased relapse (1.84, 95% CI 1.31–2.59, P &lt; 0.001), and increased NRM (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.37–3.23, P &lt; 0.001). For AYA ALL patients in CR1, post-remission therapy with pediatric-style chemotherapy is superior to MA allogeneic HCT for OS, DFS, and NRM.
Replication of smooth muscle cells in vascular disease.
Authors: S MSchwartz, G RCampbell, J HCampbell
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Smooth muscle proliferation has been recognized as central to the pathology of both major forms of vascular disease: atherosclerosis and hypertension. Recent advances in our knowledge of mechanisms of control of proliferation suggest that events occurring in adult animals may recapitulate portions of the developmental biology of the smooth muscle cell. This review attempts to consider the current state of knowledge of the mechanisms controlling smooth muscle proliferation in these two diseases, to put that knowledge into the context of what is known about smooth muscle biology, and to offer two hypotheses on the possible roles of smooth muscle developmental biology in manifestations of atherosclerosis and hypertension in adult humans.
Cholinergic mechanisms in the cerebral circulation of the newborn piglet: effect of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism.
Authors: L CWagerle, D WBusija
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The cerebrovascular response to cholinergic stimulation and the effect of inhibition of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways on the response to acetylcholine (ACh) was investigated in newborn piglets. Responsiveness of pial arterioles to ACh, methacholine, and nicotine was studied using a closed cranial window. Pial arteriolar diameter was measured using intravital microscopy. Pial arteriolar responses to ACh, 10(-8)-10(-4)M, applied to the cortical surface, were variable and dose-dependent. At low concentration, 10(-7)M, 45% of the arterioles increased diameter by 9 +/- 1%, 19% responded by decreasing diameter by 9 +/- 1%, and 35% did not respond. The response to high concentration, 10(-4)M, was a profound decrease in diameter, 28 +/- 3%, in 78% of the arterioles studied. These effects were abolished by atropine (0.5 mg/kg i.v.). Muscarinic agonist, methacholine, 10(-5)-10(-3)M, also resulted in a decrease in cerebral vascular diameter, while nicotine, 10(-6)-10(-4)M, had no effect. In six animal...
Hospital Career Structure
Authors: A. R. Adamson, P. F. Bates, M. K. Benson, S. Bor, M .E. Carter, J. V. Collins, M. Cormack, J. M. Crithcley, J. E. Dacie, G. H. Dickson, D. Donnai, R. A. Eames, P. T. Edington, M. S. Everest, P. M. Ford, P. G. Goodwin, S. N. Hassan, F. K. Hurdman, L. S. Lange, L. Loh, A. Macdonald, P. McCormack, J. G. B. Millar, F. J. Palmer, P. H. Pattisson, P. Richards, N. Rosen, I. Smith, R. J. Spitzer, F. H. N. Spracklen, A. J. Terris, B. M. Thomas, A. E. Thompson, J. J. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1968)
cAMP regulation of myosin ATPase activity in the maturing rat heart.
Authors: RHorowits, SWinegrad
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Calcium-activated myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been measured in sections of rat ventricles that were rapidly frozen to preserve the structure and regulatory state of myosin occurring in vivo. These results were related to myosin isozyme composition measured in ventricles by native gel electrophoresis and by quantitative immunocytochemistry. Both total ATPase activity and percent alpha-heavy chain rapidly rise during the first month following birth. However, ATPase activity remains constant at a high level from 1 to 12 months following birth, even though percent alpha-heavy chain declines during this period. The ATPase activity of V1 myosin was specifically determined using sections in which V3 myosin had been completely inhibited by exposure to alkaline pH in the absence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Relative V1 specific activity, taken as the ratio of V1 ATPase activity to percent alpha-heavy chain, doubles in the first 2.0 months after birth and then remains approximately ...
What If Americans Ate Less Fat?
Authors: R. C. Gantt, J. E. Lincoln, P. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The estimates by Browner et al<sup>1</sup>of the consequences of eating less fat may be subject to understatement as well as the type of overstatement the authors recognize. The fat-cancer relationship could extend to other cancers, in addition to colon, breast, and prostate cancers. Wynder et al,<sup>2</sup>although they reserved the "major" role for tobacco, have suggested a possible relationship between dietary fat and lung cancer in an international study. Our data, based on the 42 countries that Wynder et al<sup>2</sup>used, support a more inclusive relationship between fat and cancer (Table). Implications for females, with breast cancer replacing prostate cancer, are similar to those of the male data in the Table. After the 42 countries were ranked by total fats, data for countries with the lowest (Thailand) and highest (Denmark) fat calories per capita were listed at the bottom of the Table, along
Abstract 16923: Healthy Lifestyle is Inversely Associated With All-Cause Mortality Irrespective of Medication Burden
Authors: Neil Kelly, Orysya Soroka, Chukwuma Onyebeke, Laura Pinheiro, Samprit Banerjee, Monika M Safford, Parag Goyal
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The benefits of a healthy lifestyle in the context of a high disease and medication burden are not clear. Hypothesis: Healthy lifestyle is inversely associated with all-cause mortality among adults with high medication burden. Methods: We examined participants from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Exposure variables were 4 healthy behaviors: adherence to a Mediterranean diet, physical activity, smoking abstinence, and sedentary lifestyle avoidance (low TV time). Each behavior was scored from 0-2, where 0 indicated low adherence and 2 indicated high adherence. We also examined a cumulative Health Behavior Score (HBS) based on the sum of individual behavior scores (range 0-8). The main outcome was all-cause mortality. To examine the association between each behavior and mortality, we estimated Cox proportional hazards models for each medication burden stratum (no polypharmacy: 0-4 medications at baseline; polypharmacy: 5-9; hyperpolypharmacy: ≥ 10), adjusting for socio-demographics, health status, comorbid conditions, and medication adherence. Results: Among 20,417 participants (9.8 ± 3.8 years followup), mean age was 64.8 ± 9.2 years, and 56% were women. At baseline, 44% had no polypharmacy, 39% had polypharmacy, and 17% had hyperpolypharmacy. Mortality increased with increasing medication burden (no polypharmacy: 19.1%; polypharmacy: 29.7%; hyperpolypharmacy: 41.3%). The highest score for each behavior was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in all 3 strata. The highest HBS for each stratum conferred substantial benefit (no polypharmacy: HR 0.52 (95% CI 0.45-0.61); polypharmacy: HR 0.55 (95% CI 0.49-0.63); hyperpolypharmacy HR 0.69 (95% CI 0.58-0.82)) (Table). Conclusions: Healthy lifestyle was inversely associated with all-cause mortality irrespective of medication burden, supporting the value of healthy lifestyle counseling even among adults with high medication burden.
Na(+)-H+ exchange inhibitors decrease neointimal formation after rat carotid injury. Effects on smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation.
Authors: MMitsuka, MNagae, B CBerk
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The presence of multiple growth stimuli at the sites of vascular injury following angioplasty suggests that therapies targeted toward common growth pathways will be more effective than therapies that inhibit only a single growth factor. We tested this hypothesis using amiloride and ethyl isopropyl amiloride (EIPA), which are inhibitors of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger, whose activity is required in many cells for proliferation and migration. In the rat carotid injury model, EIPA (100 micrograms/h for 15 days) significantly decreased intimal area and the ratio of intimal to medial area, whereas amiloride (25 micrograms/h) showed an inhibitory trend that was similar to that observed for captopril (80 mg/kg per day) and heparin (25 U/h). EIPA and amiloride inhibited rat vascular smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis, with IC50 values of 8.8 and 82.2 microM, respectively. Using platelet-derived growth factor as a chemoattractant, EIPA caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of migration (IC50, approximately 60 microM...
Effectiveness of Right Heart Catheterization: Time for a Randomized Trial
Authors: James E. Dalen
Journal: JAMA (1997)

I agree with Dr Sharkey that our recommendation that the FDA issue a moratorium on the use of flow-directed PA catheters if an appropriately designed multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial of the use of PA catherization is not undertaken was a hard-line position.  The statement by Dr Hoyt that the SCCM understands that it was our intent to stimulate the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to undertake an appropriate randomized clinical trial is correct.  It would appear from the response of the American College of Chest Physicians, the American College of Cardiology, and the Society of Critical Care Medicine that such a trial will be undertaken. It will be a very difficult and challenging trial. I hope that the trial will identify which subgroups of critically ill patients benefit from PA catherization and which subgroups do not.
The effect of the Valsalva maneuver on echocardiographic dimensions in man.
Authors: DRobertson, R MStevens, G CFriesinger, J AOates
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Physiologic changes in the circulatory system caused by performing the Valsalva maneuver are blunted or absent in patients with congestive heart failure. Previously there has been no noninvasive method for examining cardiac chamber size during this maneuver. M-mode echocardiography was used to evaluate possible changes in cardiac chamber dimensions in 12 normal subjects (group I) and 15 patients with cardiovascular disease (group II). In group I, the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension decreased 11.2% (+/- 1.5%) and the end-systolic dimension 9.5% (+/- 1.32%), with a fall in stroke volume of 29%. The left atrial (LA) dimension decreased 30%. In group II, only the response of the LA dimension is reported. There was a diminished response to Valsalva related to the severity of congestive heart failure. Patients in NYHA classes III and IV decreased LA dimension by only 3.8%, significantly less (P less than 0.001) than those in classes I and II who had essentially normal responses. Echocardiographically-d...
Enhancer viruses for combinatorial cell-subclass-specific labeling
Authors: Lucas T. Graybuck, Tanya L. Daigle, Adriana E. Sedeño-Cortés, Miranda Walker, Brian Kalmbach, Garreck H. Lenz, Elyse Morin, Thuc Nghi Nguyen, Emma Garren, Jacqueline L. Bendrick, Tae Kyung Kim, Thomas Zhou, Marty Mortrud, Shenqin Yao, La’ Akea Siverts, Rachael Larsen, Bryan B. Gore, Eric R. Szelenyi, Cameron Trader, Pooja Balaram, Cindy T.J. van Velthoven, Megan Chiang, John K. Mich, Nick Dee, Jeff Goldy, Ali H. Cetin, Kimberly Smith, Sharon W. Way, Luke Esposito, Zizhen Yao, Viviana Gradinaru, Susan M. Sunkin, Ed Lein, Boaz P. Levi, Jonathan T. Ting, Hongkui Zeng, Bosiljka Tasic
Journal: Neuron (2021)