tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risk Among National Basketball Association Players, Staff, and Vendors Exposed to Individuals With Positive Test Results After COVID-19 Recovery During the 2020 Regular and Postseason
Authors: Christina D. Mack, John DiFiori, Caroline G. Tai, Kristin Y. Shiue, Yonatan H. Grad, Deverick J. Anderson, David D. Ho, Leroy Sims, Christopher LeMay, Jimmie Mancell, Lisa L Maragakis
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Clinical data are lacking regarding the risk of viral transmission from individuals who have positive reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) SARS-CoV-2 test results after recovery from COVID-19.To describe case characteristics, including viral dynamics and transmission of infection, for individuals who have clinically recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection but continued to have positive test results following discontinuation of isolation precautions.This retrospective cohort study used data collected from June 11, 2020, to October 19, 2020, as part of the National Basketball Association (NBA) closed campus occupational health program in Orlando, Florida, which required daily RT-PCR testing and ad hoc serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Nearly 4000 NBA players, staff, and vendors participated in the NBA's regular and postseason occupational health program in Orlando. Persistent positive cases were those who recovered from a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, satisfied US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for discontinuation of isolation precautions, and had at least 1 postinfection positive RT-PCR test(s) result.Person-days of participation in indoor, unmasked activities that involved direct exposure between persistent positive cases and noninfected individuals.Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 following interaction with persistent positive individuals, as measured by the number of new COVID-19 cases in the Orlando campus program.Among 3648 individuals who participated, 36 (1%) were persistent positive cases, most of whom were younger than 30 years (24 [67%]) and male (34 [94%]). Antibodies were detected in 33 individuals (91.7%); all remained asymptomatic following the index persistent positive RT-PCR result. Cycle threshold values for persistent positive RT-PCR test results were typically above the Roche cobas SARS-CoV-2 limit of detection. Cases were monitored for up to 100 days (mean [SD], 51 [23.9] days), during which there were at least 1480 person-days of direct exposure activities, with no transmission events or secondary infections of SARS-CoV-2 detected (0 new cases).In this retrospective cohort study of the 2020 NBA closed campus occupational health program, recovered individuals who continued to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 following discontinuation of isolation were not infectious to others. These findings support time-based US Centers of Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for ending isolation.
New forehead device in positional obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Laura Hidalgo Armas, Sandra Ingles, Rafaela Vaca, Jose Cordero-Guevara, Joaquin Duran Carro, Jorge Ullate, Ferran Barbé, Joaquin Durán-Cantolla
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Rationale Approximately 60% of the patients with obstructive sleep apnoea suffer from a positional effect, and approximately 25% of these patients present events only in the supine position. Objective To validate a new positional vibrating device and evaluate its efficacy in reducing the Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index and the total sleep time in the supine position without disturbing sleep. Methods A total of 128 patients were recruited for this multicentre, prospective, parallel, randomised controlled trial and were distributed in three arms (general recommendations, inactive and active device). Full overnight polysomnography was performed at baseline and at 12 weeks. Anthropometric variables and sleep and quality of life questionnaires were collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Results The Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index decreased from 30.6 per hour to 20.4 per hour (p&lt;0.001) in the active device (AD) group. In this group the reduction was 2.3-fold and 3.3-fold than the ones in the general recommendations (GR) and inactive device (ID) groups, respectively (p=0.014). Sleep time in supine position decreased 17.7%±26.3% in GR group (p&lt;0.001), 13.0%±22.4% with ID group (p&lt;0.001) and 21.0%±25.6% in the AD group (p&lt;0.001). Furthermore, total sleep time increased significantly only in the AD group (22.1±57.5 min, p=0.016), with an increased percentage of time in the N3 (deep sleep) and N3+REM (rapid eye movement) stages, without sleep fragmentation. Conclusion The device was effective in reducing the Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index and time spent in the supine position also in improving sleep architecture. Therefore, the device could be a good option for the management of patients with positional obstructive sleep apnoea. Trial registration details The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT03336515 ).
On your MARCKS, get set, deliver: Engineering extracellular vesicles
Authors: Kenneth W. Witwer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2021)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as drug delivery platforms that are, in some cases, superior to synthetic nanoparticles.1 EVs comprise lipid bilayer-enclosed cytoplasmic content and naturally include membrane-associated proteins, several of which have been used for engineering and cargo loading. Since some of these proteins are limited by meager cellular expression and low EV density, Dooley et al.2 (in this issue of Molecular Therapy) at Codiak BioSciences rigorously sought membrane-associated proteins that are highly expressed and enriched in EVs and thus well suited for novel applications in EV engineering.
More on Epidurals and Autism
Authors: Dimitri A. Christakis
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Book: A Long Walk Home
Authors: M. Lloyd-Williams
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Rachel Clark with Naomi Jefferies, John Hasler and David Pendleton Radcliffe Medical Press, £19.95, pp 142 ISBN 1 85775 906 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Interviewing prospective medical students is a privilege. Most hopeful applicants appear to be caring, empathic young people with a genuine concern for others. All medical schools now teach communication skills as an integrated part of the curriculum. So why do so many people feel hurt and let down by doctors' attitudes when they are faced with the most frightening and worst … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from Overweight or Obese Donors in Cachectic Patients with Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study
Authors: Nicolien C. de Clercq, Tom van den Ende, Andrei Prodan, Robert Hemke, Mark Davids, Helle K. Pedersen, Henrik B. Nielsen, A.K. Groen, Willem M. de Vos, Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven, Max Nieuwdorp
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome, associated with poor survival in patients with cancer, and is influenced by the gut microbiota. We investigated the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on cachexia and treatment response in patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer.In a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial performed in the Amsterdam University Medical Center, we assigned 24 cachectic patients with metastatic HER2-negative gastroesophageal cancer to either allogenic FMT (healthy obese donor) or autologous FMT, prior to palliative chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin). Primary objective was to assess the effect of allogenic FMT on satiety. Secondary outcomes were other features of cachexia, along with disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity. Finally, exploratory analyses were performed on the effect of FMT on gut microbiota composition (metagenomic sequencing) and metabolites (untargeted metabolomics).Allogenic FMT did not improve any of the cachexia outcomes. Patients in the allogenic group (n = 12) had a higher DCR at 12 weeks (P = 0.035) compared with the autologous group (n = 12), longer median OS of 365 versus 227 days [HR = 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14-1.05; P = 0.057] and PFS of 204 versus 93 days (HR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.21-1.20; P = 0.092). Patients in the allogenic group showed a significant shift in fecal microbiota composition after FMT (P = 0.010) indicating proper engraftment of the donor microbiota.FMT from a healthy obese donor prior to first-line chemotherapy did not affect cachexia, but may have improved response and survival in patients with metastatic gastroesophageal cancer. These results provide a rational for larger FMT trials.
Validation strategies for subtypes in psychiatry: A systematic review of research on autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Joost A. Agelink van Rentergem, Marie K. Deserno, Hilde M. Geurts
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2021)

Heterogeneity within autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized as a challenge to both biological and psychological research, as well as clinical practice. To reduce unexplained heterogeneity, subtyping techniques are often used to establish more homogeneous subtypes based on metrics of similarity and dissimilarity between people. We review the ASD literature to create a systematic overview of the subtyping procedures and subtype validation techniques that are used in this field. We conducted a systematic review of 156 articles (2001-June 2020) that subtyped participants (range N of studies = 17–20,658), of which some or all had an ASD diagnosis. We found a large diversity in (parametric and non-parametric) methods and (biological, psychological, demographic) variables used to establish subtypes. The majority of studies validated their subtype results using variables that were measured concurrently, but were not included in the subtyping procedure. Other investigations into subtypes' validity were rarer. In order to advance clinical research and the theoretical and clinical usefulness of identified subtypes, we propose a structured approach and present the SUbtyping VAlidation Checklist (SUVAC), a checklist for validating subtyping results.
Left Ventricular Pressure-Strain-Volume Loops for the Noninvasive Assessment of Volume Overload-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction
Authors: Márton Tokodi, Bálint K. Lakatos, Mihály Ruppert, Alexandra Fábián, Attila Oláh, Alex A. Sayour, Zsuzsanna Ladányi, András Soós, Béla Merkely, Partho P. Sengupta, Tamás Radovits, Attila Kovács
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2021)
The voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 regulates neutrophil recruitment during inflammation
Authors: Roland Immler, Wiebke Nadolni, Annika Bertsch, Vasilios Morikis, Ina Rohwedder, Sergi Masgrau-Alsina, Tobias Schroll, Anna Yevtushenko, Oliver Soehnlein, Markus Moser, Thomas Gudermann, Eytan R Barnea, Markus Rehberg, Scott I Simon, Susanna Zierler, Monika Pruenster, Markus Sperandio
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

Abstract Aims Neutrophil trafficking within the vasculature strongly relies on intracellular calcium signalling. Sustained Ca2+ influx into the cell requires a compensatory efflux of potassium to maintain membrane potential. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 regulates neutrophil function during the acute inflammatory process by affecting sustained Ca2+ signalling. Methods and results Using in vitro assays and electrophysiological techniques, we show that KV1.3 is functionally expressed in human neutrophils regulating sustained store-operated Ca2+ entry through membrane potential stabilizing K+ efflux. Inhibition of KV1.3 on neutrophils by the specific inhibitor 5-(4-Phenoxybutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1) impaired intracellular Ca2+ signalling, thereby preventing cellular spreading, adhesion strengthening, and appropriate crawling under flow conditions in vitro. Using intravital microscopy, we show that pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of KV1.3 in mice decreased neutrophil adhesion in a blood flow dependent fashion in inflamed cremaster muscle venules. Furthermore, we identified KV1.3 as a critical component for neutrophil extravasation into the inflamed peritoneal cavity. Finally, we also revealed impaired phagocytosis of Escherichia coli particles by neutrophils in the absence of KV1.3. Conclusion We show that the voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 is critical for Ca2+ signalling and neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammatory processes. Our findings do not only provide evidence for a role of KV1.3 for sustained calcium signalling in neutrophils affecting key functions of these cells, they also open up new therapeutic approaches to treat inflammatory disorders characterized by overwhelming neutrophil infiltration.
Diabetes and Overweight/Obesity Are Independent, Nonadditive Risk Factors for In-Hospital Severity of COVID-19: An International, Multicenter Retrospective Meta-analysis
Authors: Danielle K. Longmore, Jessica E. Miller, Siroon Bekkering, Christoph Saner, Edin Mifsud, Yanshan Zhu, Richard Saffery, Alistair Nichol, Graham Colditz, Kirsty R. Short, David P. Burgner, F. Anfasa, T.L. Benfield, M.J.T. Blaauw, L.J.M. Boonman-de Winter, A.L. Brucato, E.A. Buanes, E. Burhan, E. Calabro, A. Ceschi, R.L. Chinhoyi, H.F.E.W. Cuijpers, A. Dofferhoff, X. Fang, L. Favre, P. Ferrari, T. Fomina, J.A. Fulcher, A. Giacomelli, D. Goodman-Meza, P. Goyal, A.L. Groenendijk, J. Hoogerwerf, S.B. Israelsen, M. Karolyi, A.P.M. Kerckhoffs, D.M. Kirkegaard-Klitbo, S. Koesnoe, C. Luo, D.C. Lye, N.A.B. Ntusi, S.W.X. Ong, L. Oreni, H. Pangestu, M. Papadimitriou-Olivgeris, S. Paramita, E. Pawelka, L. Persani, C.W. Pitoyo, None Plataki, M. Prasenohadi, I.B. Prasetya, X. Qu, M. Rajan, J.B. Ringel, M. Safford, T. Santoso, D. Soranna, T. Sprong, C.R.T. Stoll, A.D. Susanto, A.F. Syam, C. Torlasco, M. van Apeldoorn, J.S. van de Maat, K. Veerman, A. Verbon, X. Wen, M. Westerman, E.-J. Wils, Y. Xia, B.E. Young
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE Obesity is an established risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the contribution of overweight and/or diabetes remains unclear. In a multicenter, international study, we investigated if overweight, obesity, and diabetes were independently associated with COVID-19 severity and whether the BMI-associated risk was increased among those with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We retrospectively extracted data from health care records and regional databases of hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 from 18 sites in 11 countries. We used standardized definitions and analyses to generate site-specific estimates, modeling the odds of each outcome (supplemental oxygen/noninvasive ventilatory support, invasive mechanical ventilatory support, and in-hospital mortality) by BMI category (reference, overweight, obese), adjusting for age, sex, and prespecified comorbidities. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients with preexisting diabetes. Site-specific estimates were combined in a meta-analysis. RESULTS Among 7,244 patients (65.6% overweight/obese), those with overweight were more likely to require oxygen/noninvasive ventilatory support (random effects adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.44; 95% CI 1.15–1.80) and invasive mechanical ventilatory support (aOR, 1.22; 95% CI 1.03–1.46). There was no association between overweight and in-hospital mortality (aOR, 0.88; 95% CI 0.74–1.04). Similar effects were observed in patients with obesity or diabetes. In the subgroup analysis, the aOR for any outcome was not additionally increased in those with diabetes and overweight or obesity. CONCLUSIONS In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, overweight, obesity, and diabetes were associated with increased odds of requiring respiratory support but were not associated with death. In patients with diabetes, the odds of severe COVID-19 were not increased above the BMI-associated risk.
Neutrality and Perfectionism in Public Health
Authors: Hafez Ismaili M’hamdi
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

The aim of this article is twofold. First is to demonstrate that most values that underpin public health policy are a source of reasonable disagreement amongst citizens to whom said policy applies. This demands from the state to be explicit about whether it espouses neutrality or perfectionism to justify public health policy. Second is to argue in favor of a perfectionist mode of justification of public health policy. To do so I will argue that the lowest common denominator approach to public health policy justification to which neutralists are committed yields policy that is strong in justification but feeble in impact. Perfectionist public health policy does not face this problem. Perfectionism however, is allegedly elitist and objectionably paternalistic. I will argue that the former objection is based on an uncharitable reading of perfectionism. To mitigate the latter concern, I will offer a liberal proviso.
Cannabis Use and Suicidal Behavior and Long-term Harms—Reply
Authors: Cynthia A. Fontanella, Guy Brock, Mary A. Fristad
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Integrated Genomic Analysis Identifies Driver Genes and Cisplatin-Resistant Progenitor Phenotype in Pediatric Liver Cancer
Authors: Theo Z. Hirsch, Jill Pilet, Guillaume Morcrette, Amélie Roehrig, Benedict J.E. Monteiro, Laura Molina, Quentin Bayard, Eric Trépo, Léa Meunier, Stefano Caruso, Victor Renault, Jean-François Deleuze, Brice Fresneau, Christophe Chardot, Emmanuel Gonzales, Emmanuel Jacquemin, Florent Guerin, Monique Fabre, Isabelle Aerts, Sophie Taque, Véronique Laithier, Sophie Branchereau, Catherine Guettier, Laurence Brugières, Sandra Rebouissou, Eric Letouzé, Jessica Zucman-Rossi
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Abstract Pediatric liver cancers (PLC) comprise diverse diseases affecting infants, children, and adolescents. Despite overall good prognosis, PLCs display heterogeneous response to chemotherapy. Integrated genomic analysis of 126 pediatric liver tumors showed a continuum of driver mechanisms associated with patient age, including new targetable oncogenes. In 10% of patients with hepatoblastoma, all before three years old, we identified a mosaic premalignant clonal expansion of cells altered at the 11p15.5 locus. Analysis of spatial and longitudinal heterogeneity revealed an important plasticity between “hepatocytic,” “liver progenitor,” and “mesenchymal” molecular subgroups of hepatoblastoma. We showed that during chemotherapy, “liver progenitor” cells accumulated massive loads of cisplatin-induced mutations with a specific mutational signature, leading to the development of heavily mutated relapses and metastases. Drug screening in PLC cell lines identified promising targets for cisplatin-resistant progenitor cells, validated in mouse xenograft experiments. These data provide new insights into cisplatin resistance mechanisms in PLC and suggest alternative therapies. Significance: PLCs are deadly when they resist chemotherapy, with limited alternative treatment options. Using a multiomics approach, we identified PLC driver genes and the cellular phenotype at the origin of cisplatin resistance. We validated new treatments targeting these molecular features in cell lines and xenografts. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2355
The need for gentamicin adjunctive to cefuroxime as empirical sepsis therapy: a local protocol evaluation
Authors: Aurelia H.M. de Vries Schultink, Bastiaan T.G.M. Sallevelt, Arend Jan Meinders, Ewoudt M.W. van de Garde, Nienke Roescher
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2021)
Assessing Indoor Dust Interference with Human Nuclear Hormone Receptors in Cell-Based Luciferase Reporter Assays
Authors: Anna S. Young, Thomas Zoeller, Russ Hauser, Tamarra James-Todd, Brent A. Coull, Peter A. Behnisch, Abraham Brouwer, Hongkai Zhu, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Joseph G. Allen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

BACKGROUND: Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are hormone-disrupting chemicals that migrate from building materials into air and dust.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to quantify the hormonal activities of 46 dust samples and identify chemicals driving the observed activities.METHODS: We evaluated associations between hormonal activities of extracted dust in five cell-based luciferase reporter assays and dust concentrations of 42 measured PFAS, OPEs, and PBDEs, transformed as either raw or potency-weighted concentrations based on Tox21 high-throughput screening data.RESULTS: All dust samples were hormonally active, showing antagonistic activity toward peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARc2) (100%; 46 of 46 samples), thyroid hormone receptor (TRb) (89%; 41 samples), and androgen receptor (AR) (87%; 40 samples); agonist activity on estrogen receptor (ERa) (96%; 44 samples); and binding competition with thyroxine (T 4 ) on serum transporter transthyretin (TTR) (98%; 45 samples).Effects were observed with as little as 4 lg of extracted dust.In regression models for each chemical class, interquartile range increases in potencyweighted or unknown-potency chemical concentrations were associated with higher hormonal activities of dust extracts (potency-weighted: RPFAS-TRb, " 28%, p < 0:05; ROPEs-TRb, " 27%, p = 0:08; RPBDEs-TRb, " 20%, p < 0:05; RPBDEs-ERa, " 7:7%, p = 0:08; unknown-potency: