tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US Medical School Finances
Authors: Paul Jolly
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The 30th review of medical school finances is intended to reflect, through analysis of medical school revenues and expenditures, the secular trends in medical education in the United States. The 30-year interval may be viewed as two distinct periods: from academic year 1958-1959 through academic year 1978-1979 and from academic year 1979-1980 through academic year 1988-1989, the latest full year for which data are available. The first period can be characterized by huge absolute and relative increases in all aspects of medical education. Some sense of the growth in the enterprise may be gained from an examination of a few of its dimensions shown in Table 1. The number of schools increased, the number of candidates for professional and academic doctorates doubled and tripled, respectively, and the population of postdoctoral students mushroomed. The number of full-time faculty almost quintupled. While these measures of medical school activity were increasing so substantially,
CLINICAL EVIDENCES OF ACIDEMIA IN CHRONIC NEPHRITIS
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antitrust and professional activities
Authors: B. D. Hirsh
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The existing body of antitrust law has evolved from commercial competition in the marketplace. Broad application of antitrust concepts to the professions is relatively new and can be traced in its development through a series of several landmark court decisions. The precise dimensions of professional self-regulation, however, are yet to be judicially defined. In<i>American Medical Association v United States</i>, 317 US 519 (1943), the AMA and other defendants were convicted of violating §3 of the Sherman Act by obstructing and restraining the business of a group health plan. The defendants argued that the practice of medicine is not a "trade" and that the Sherman Act therefore did not apply. The Supreme Court refrained from deciding this issue and held that "the calling" or occupation of the individual physicians charged as defendants was immaterial if the purpose and effect of their conspiracy was obstruction and restraint of the business of
Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: J. G. Llaurado
Journal: BMJ (1955)

MEOICAL JOURNAL fluid infusion is premature rupture of the membranes, vigorous labour, cyanosis, and anoxic convulsions.In the case I reported the uterus was not hypertonic, the contrac- tions were, in fact, weak, and the uterus relaxed normally be'tween contractions.She was not at any time given "pitocin."I agree that the time element is against the diagnosis of penicillin anaphylaxis, but the absence of an overactive uterus is surely against that of amniotic fluid infusion.Histology of the lungs would, of course, have been con- clusive in the latter case, and I regret that I am unable to give further details of the necropsy.The post-mortem report was loaned to me by the coroner and contained no histological data.-I am, etc.,
Reporting Device-Associated Death Events to the FDA
Authors: Michael Ryan, Ann M. Myers, Aron S. Yustein
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Corrections
Authors: J Fenwick, M Finnegan, G Galvin, G Goodman, J Hall, L Hancock, K Hutchinson, Cathleen Jennings, Lucia Jones, Angela King, K Liddell, R Lodge, K Macintosh, A Mackay, N Matthews, M Mehta, Mary Morris, P Norton, J Parkin, H Rein, M Roberts, G Sacks, P Shand, S Shaw, Jennifer Storer, S Tan, R True, D Wigglesworth, M.-J Barton, Beryl Bromham, A Choudhuri, W Galley, M Hill, C Samanta, Jenifer Shaw, J Beverley, D Bevis
Journal: BMJ (1967)
CIMUC: Chemotherapy following Immune checkpoints inhibitors in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC).
Authors: Lucie Meynard, Derek Dinart, Aude Flechon, Carolina Saldana, Felix Lefort, Gwenaelle Gravis, Antoine Thiery-Vuillemin, Mathilde Cancel, Elodie Coquan, Sylvain Ladoire, Denis Maillet, Frederic Rolland, Elouen Boughalem, Sophie Martin, Mathieu Laramas, Laurence Crouzet, Baptiste Abbar, Sabrina Falkowski, Damien Pouessel, Guilhem Roubaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

492 Background: Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) have recently changed therapeutic landscape of la/mUC. Recent studies suggested an improvement of response to salvage chemotherapy (CT) after ICIs in several cancer types including urothelial carcinoma. We assumed that efficacy of CT rechallenge after ICIs may be improved compared to second-line CT without previous ICIs in patients (pts) with la/mUC. Methods: CIMUC is a French multicentric retrospective study including all pts with la/mUC initiating second or third-line CT from January 1 st 2015 to June 30th 2020. Two groups of pts were defined: pts in group 1 (G1) were treated with a second-line CT without previous ICIs; pts in group 2 (G2) were treated with third line CT after ICIs. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR: proportion of patients with complete or partial response, according to RECIST 1.1 criteria) in G2 versus G1. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), defined as time from initiation of second or third-line CT to disease progression or death from any cause, and toxicities. This study is supported by the French Genito Urinary Group (GETUG). Results: 553 pts were included. Baseline characteristics of the 2 groups are summarized in the Table. ORRs were 31% (95%CI [26.5-35.5]) and 29.2% (95%CI [21.9-36.6]) respectively in G1 and G2, without statistically significant difference (p=0.617), even after adjustment for Bellmunt risk factors (p=0.3214). In subgroups analysis, no difference in ORR was observed by type of CT (platinum or taxanes), duration of response (DOR) to first-platinum-based CT (&lt; 12 months or ≥ 12 months) and FGFR-status. We did not identify any predictive factor of OR in G2 in multivariate analysis. Median PFS were 4.6 months (95%CI [3.88; 5.06]) and 4.86 months (95%CI [4.11; 5.45]), respectively in G1 and G2. Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity occurred in 35% and 22.4%, respectively in G1 and G2. Conclusions: While ORR was not superior in G2 versus G1, pts derive comparable benefit in a further line of treatment (G2) in terms of ORR and PFS. Despite limits inherent to any retrospective study, CIMUC represents one of the largest retrospective studies in this setting.[Table: see text]
The role of antibody responses against glycans in bioprosthetic heart valve calcification and deterioration
Authors: Thomas Senage, Anu Paul, Thierry Le Tourneau, Imen Fellah-Hebia, Marta Vadori, Salam Bashir, Manuel Galiñanes, Tomaso Bottio, Gino Gerosa, Arturo Evangelista, Luigi P. Badano, Alberto Nassi, Cristina Costa, Galli Cesare, Rizwan A. Manji, Caroline Cueff de Monchy, Nicolas Piriou, Romain Capoulade, Jean-Michel Serfaty, Guillaume Guimbretière, Etienne Dantan, Alejandro Ruiz-Majoral, Guénola Coste du Fou, Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye, Liana Govani, Sharon Yehuda, Shirley Bachar Abramovitch, Ron Amon, Eliran Moshe Reuven, Yafit Atiya-Nasagi, Hai Yu, Laura Iop, Kelly Casós, Sebastián G. Kuguel, Arnau Blasco-Lucas, Eduard Permanyer, Fabrizio Sbraga, Roger Llatjós, Gabriel Moreno-Gonzalez, Melchor Sánchez-Martínez, Michael E. Breimer, Jan Holgersson, Susann Teneberg, Marta Pascual-Gilabert, Alfons Nonell-Canals, Yasuhiro Takeuchi, Xi Chen, Rafael Mañez, Jean-Christian Roussel, Jean-Paul Soulillou, Emanuele Cozzi, Vered Padler-Karavani
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are commonly used to replace severely diseased heart valves but their susceptibility to structural valve degeneration (SVD) limits their use in young patients. We hypothesized that antibodies against immunogenic glycans present on BHVs, particularly antibodies against the xenoantigens galactose-α1,3-galactose (αGal) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), could mediate their deterioration through calcification. We established a large longitudinal prospective international cohort of patients (n = 1668, 34 ± 43 months of follow-up (0.1-182); 4,998 blood samples) to investigate the hemodynamics and immune responses associated with BHVs up to 15 years after aortic valve replacement. Early signs of SVD appeared in <5% of BHV recipients within 2 years. The levels of both anti-αGal and anti-Neu5Gc IgGs significantly increased one month after BHV implantation. The levels of these IgGs declined thereafter but anti-αGal IgG levels declined significantly faster in control patients compared to BHV recipients. Neu5Gc, anti-Neu5Gc IgG and complement deposition were found in calcified BHVs at much higher levels than in calcified native aortic valves. Moreover, in mice, anti-Neu5Gc antibodies were unable to promote calcium deposition on subcutaneously implanted BHV tissue engineered to lack αGal and Neu5Gc antigens. These results indicate that BHVs manufactured using donor tissues deficient in αGal and Neu5Gc could be less prone to immune-mediated deterioration and have improved durability.
Repetitive expanded T‐cell receptor clonotypes impart the classic T helper 2 Sézary cell phenotype
Authors: Tony T. Jiang, Oleg Kruglov, Larisa Geskin, Oleg E. Akilov
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Six out of 12 Sézary patients shared one clonotype (TRAV13-1*01-TRAJ49*01-TRBV20-1*01-TRBJ2-3*01). TRBV20-1*01 (also known as Vb2) that binds toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 was utilized by Sézary cells among half of the cohort, which would be expected for a common unifying origin.
PLCG2 is associated with the inflammatory response and is induced by amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Andy P. Tsai, Chuanpeng Dong, Peter Bor-Chian Lin, Evan J. Messenger, Brad T. Casali, Miguel Moutinho, Yunlong Liu, Adrian L. Oblak, Bruce T. Lamb, Gary E. Landreth, Stephanie J. Bissel, Kwangsik Nho
Journal: Genome Medicine (2022)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by robust microgliosis and phenotypic changes that accompany disease pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence from genetic studies suggests the importance of phospholipase C γ 2 (PLCG2) in late-onset AD (LOAD) pathophysiology. However, the role of PLCG2 in AD is still poorly understood.Using bulk RNA-Seq (N=1249) data from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (AMP-AD), we investigated whether PLCG2 expression increased in the brains of LOAD patients. We also evaluated the relationship between PLCG2 expression levels, amyloid plaque density, and expression levels of microglia specific markers (AIF1 and TMEM119). Finally, we investigated the longitudinal changes of PLCG2 expression in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. To further understand the role of PLCG2 in different signaling pathways, differential gene expression and co-expression network analyses were performed using bulk RNA-Seq and microglial single-cell RNA-Seq data. To substantiate the human analyses, we performed differential gene expression analysis on wild-type (WT) and inactivated Plcg2 mice and used immunostaining to determine if the differentially expressed genes/pathways were altered by microglial cell coverage or morphology.We observed significant upregulation of PLCG2 expression in three brain regions of LOAD patients and significant positive correlation of PLCG2 expression with amyloid plaque density. These findings in the human brain were validated in the 5xFAD amyloid mouse model, which showed disease progression-dependent increases in Plcg2 expression associated with amyloid pathology. Of note, increased Plcg2 expression levels in 5xFAD mice were abolished by reducing microglia. Furthermore, using bulk RNA-Seq data, we performed differential expression analysis by comparing cognitively normal older adults (CN) with 75th percentile (high) and 25th percentile (low) PLCG2 gene expression levels to identify pathways related to inflammation and the inflammatory response. The findings in the human brain were validated by differential expression analyses between WT and plcg2 inactivated mice. PLCG2 co-expression network analysis of microglial single-cell RNA-Seq data identified pathways related to the inflammatory response including regulation of I-kappaB/NF-kappa B signaling and response to lipopolysaccharide.Our results provide further evidence that PLCG2 plays an important role in AD pathophysiology and may be a potential target for microglia-targeted AD therapies.
Pruritus ani.
Authors: J Alexander-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Pruritus aniItching or irritation of the perianal skin is a disorder partly dermatological, partly psychological, and occasionally procto- logical.Because of the precision of its fundamental location the sufferer is frequently referred to a proctologist when simple or homely treatments fail.Perianal dermatitis is a cross between nappy rash, athlete's foot, and a self inflicted injury.In most patients the problem is due either to inadequate cleansing of the anus or to over- vigorous attempts to polish it clean.A baby's bottom has long been a yardstick of smoothness; as many mothers ruefully observe, it is remarkably easy to clean a baby's bottom after a normal formed stool has been passed; one wipe with soft tissue usually suffices.The mother herself
Microbiome and metabolome features of the cardiometabolic disease spectrum
Authors: Sebastien Fromentin, Sofia K. Forslund, Kanta Chechi, Judith Aron-Wisnewsky, Rima Chakaroun, Trine Nielsen, Valentina Tremaroli, Boyang Ji, Edi Prifti, Antonis Myridakis, Julien Chilloux, Petros Andrikopoulos, Yong Fan, Michael T. Olanipekun, Renato Alves, Solia Adiouch, Noam Bar, Yeela Talmor-Barkan, Eugeni Belda, Robert Caesar, Luis Pedro Coelho, Gwen Falony, Soraya Fellahi, Pilar Galan, Nathalie Galleron, Gerard Helft, Lesley Hoyles, Richard Isnard, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, Hanna Julienne, Lisa Olsson, Helle Krogh Pedersen, Nicolas Pons, Benoit Quinquis, Christine Rouault, Hugo Roume, Joe-Elie Salem, Thomas S. B. Schmidt, Sara Vieira-Silva, Peishun Li, Maria Zimmermann-Kogadeeva, Christian Lewinter, Nadja B. Søndertoft, Tue H. Hansen, Dominique Gauguier, Jens Peter Gøtze, Lars Køber, Ran Kornowski, Henrik Vestergaard, Torben Hansen, Jean-Daniel Zucker, Serge Hercberg, Ivica Letunic, Fredrik Bäckhed, Jean-Michel Oppert, Jens Nielsen, Jeroen Raes, Peer Bork, Michael Stumvoll, Eran Segal, Karine Clément, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, S. Dusko Ehrlich, Oluf Pedersen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Abstract Previous microbiome and metabolome analyses exploring non-communicable diseases have paid scant attention to major confounders of study outcomes, such as common, pre-morbid and co-morbid conditions, or polypharmacy. Here, in the context of ischemic heart disease (IHD), we used a study design that recapitulates disease initiation, escalation and response to treatment over time, mirroring a longitudinal study that would otherwise be difficult to perform given the protracted nature of IHD pathogenesis. We recruited 1,241 middle-aged Europeans, including healthy individuals, individuals with dysmetabolic morbidities (obesity and type 2 diabetes) but lacking overt IHD diagnosis and individuals with IHD at three distinct clinical stages—acute coronary syndrome, chronic IHD and IHD with heart failure—and characterized their phenome, gut metagenome and serum and urine metabolome. We found that about 75% of microbiome and metabolome features that distinguish individuals with IHD from healthy individuals after adjustment for effects of medication and lifestyle are present in individuals exhibiting dysmetabolism, suggesting that major alterations of the gut microbiome and metabolome might begin long before clinical onset of IHD. We further categorized microbiome and metabolome signatures related to prodromal dysmetabolism, specific to IHD in general or to each of its three subtypes or related to escalation or de-escalation of IHD. Discriminant analysis based on specific IHD microbiome and metabolome features could better differentiate individuals with IHD from healthy individuals or metabolically matched individuals as compared to the conventional risk markers, pointing to a pathophysiological relevance of these features.
General Remarks on the Practice of Medicine
Authors: P. M. Latham
Journal: BMJ (1861)

Indiecative Symptoms often Single anzd Simple.The Quality of a Secretion.The Beat of an Artery.A Local Pain.Contrast between these and the more Comprehensive.Excellence of Simple Treat- mnent, grounded on as few Indications as possible.Attainable onzly by long experience.Success of Simple Treatment not a sure exponent of the Dis- ease pathologically.
A Misrepresentation.
Authors: William T. Belfield
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Chicago, Nov. 8, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In<i>Leaves of Healing</i>, dated Oct. 30, 1897, edited by Mr. J. A. Dowie, copies of which have been liberally distributed to Chicago physicians and others, appears the following in the guise of an alleged quotation from a paper read by myself to the Sunset Club: "The doctors of Chicago are divisible into three classes, the first are liars, the second are damned liars, and the third are experts and they are the biggest liars of all." At the meeting of the Sunset Club March 1, 1894, I read a paper on "Expert Testimony," in which occurs the following passage (official report, p. 3): "But closer familiarity with the practical workings of the system reveals a still more serious flaw, one which has given rise to the time-honored epigram that witnesses may be divided into three classes: liars, damned liars and experts. Instances
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations may be the only clinical criterion present in genetically confirmed hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Emily Anderson, Lakshya Sharma, Ali Alsafi, Claire L Shovlin
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) result in preventable complications demanding specialty care. Underlying hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) can be identified by genetic testing, if the diagnosis is considered. Retrospectively reviewing 152 unrelated adults with genetically confirmed HHT due to ACVRL1 , ENG or SMAD4 , we found that only 104/152 (68%) met a clinical diagnosis of HHT with three Curaçao criteria. The genetic diagnostic rate was similar for patients with three (104/137, 76%) or one to two (48/71, 68%; p=0.25) criteria. Of 83 unrelated probands with PAVM(s) and genetically-confirmed HHT, 20/83 (24%) had few, if any, features of HHT. Enhanced clinical suspicion, as well as HHT genetic testing, is recommended if one or more PAVMs are present.
Increased 99mTc-Sestamibi Activity in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Geng Hu, Weina Zhou, Xia Bai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy was performed in a 27-year-old woman to evaluate possible hyperparathyroidism. The images did not identify any parathyroid abnormality. However, an intense activity was noted in the proximal left upper extremity, which was confirmed as giant cell tumor of the proximal left humerus by pathological examination.
Accuracy of the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer and the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System During Hypoglycemia
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer (GW2B) and the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) during hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.During a 24-h clinical research center stay, 91 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (aged 3.5-17.7 years) wore one or two CGMSs, and 89 of these subjects wore one or two GW2Bs. Frequent serum glucose determinations were made during the day, overnight, and during insulin-induced hypoglycemia resulting in 192 GW2B reference pairs and 401 CGMS reference pairs during hypoglycemia (reference glucose < or =60 mg/dl).During hypoglycemia, the median absolute difference between the 192 GW2B reference glucose pairs was 26 mg/dl and between the 401 CGMS reference glucose pairs was 19 mg/dl with 31 and 42%, respectively, of the sensor values within 15 mg/dl of the reference glucose. Sensitivity to detect hypoglycemia when the GW2B alarm level was set to 60 mg/dl was 23% with a false-alarm rate of 51%. Analyses suggested that modified CGMS sensors that became available in November 2002 might be more accurate than the original CGMS sensors (median absolute difference 15 vs. 20 mg/dl).These data show that the GW2B and the CGMS do not reliably detect hypoglycemia. Both of these devices perform better at higher glucose levels, suggesting they may be more useful in reducing HbA1c levels than in detecting hypoglycemia.
Hospital medical staffing.
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Treatment of Asthma: Long-term follow-up indicates that steroid therapy remains effective with progress of time, and side-effects are related to dosage, not to length of treatment (p.661).Virus Infection: Cytomegalovirus in young children may cause protracted respiratory ill- nesses and liver damage which is not irreparable.In older children and adults infection appears to be subclinical (p.665).
Conical Cornea
Authors: C. Higgens
Journal: BMJ (1885)

To recapitulate, sanity is commonly judged by an erroneous standard, the standard of mental health; whereas it ought to be judged by the standard of social capability.On the one hand, many persons not in good mental health are far from being insane; and, on the other hand, there are many persons who are normally so much below the average in mental futiition, that they cannot be regarded either as able to take care of themselves in a country like this, or as devoid of danger to the public.