tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Secondary Iron Overload in Pediatric Hematology: the Priority of Free-Breathing Liver Study at 3.0 T Magnetic Resonance Scanner in Children with Severe Iron Overload
Authors: E. E. Manzhurtsevа, G. V. Tereshchenko, D. A. Kupriyanov, G. A. Novichkova
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2021)

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness and scanning features of iron detection in the liver based on 3T MR scanner data using a breath holding and free breathing sequences in children with iron overload. 108 patients aged of 3 to 17 years with secondary iron overload associated with the regular blood transfusions underwent an MRI study on a 3.0 T MR scanner using specialized sequences for obtaining relaxometric maps: 3T-mGRE and 3T-uTE. The quality of the images received by the 3T-mGRE and 3T-uTE sequences was assessed by determining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The SNR of 3T-uTE was found to be 8 times higher than the SNR of 3T-mGRE. In addition, it was found that for patients with an iron overload less than 25 mg/g the 3T-mGRE and 3T-uTE sequences showed the same efficacy in iron detection in the liver (r = 0.99, p = 0.54). The concentration of iron in the liver in patients with extremely severe iron overload could be calculated only using 3T-uTE relaxometric maps due to the high approximation error of the results obtaining by 3T-mGRE maps. These data demonstrate the possibility of using the 3T-mGRE sequence to determine the concentration of iron in the liver below 25 mg/g. However, with extremely severe iron overload, it is better to use the 3T-uTE sequence.
The Association of Suicidal Ideation With Firearm Purchasing During a Firearm Purchasing Surge
Authors: Michael D. Anestis, Shelby L. Bandel, Allison E. Bond
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Firearm access is associated with risk for suicide, and, since early 2020, the US has experienced an unprecedented surge in firearm sales. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess frequency of suicidal ideation among individuals who purchased firearms during the surge period (surge purchasers), other firearm owners, and non–firearm owners. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Cross-sectional online survey data were collected from January to June 2021. Participants were recruited via quota sampling through Qualtrics Panels. Within Minnesota, zip codes from Minneapolis and St Paul were oversampled. Participants included 6404 US adults recruited from 3 states: New Jersey (n = 3197), Minnesota (n = 1789), and Mississippi (n = 1418). Participants identified as becoming a first-time firearm owner during the surge period, being an established firearm owner who purchased a firearm during the surge period, being a firearm owner who did not buy firearms during the surge period, and not owning firearms. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcomes were lifetime, past year, and past month suicidal ideation as measured by the Self-injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview—Revised. <h3>Results</h3> The mean (SD) age within the full sample was 44.81 (18.45) years, with 3132 males (48.8%), 4706 White adults (73.4%), 2674 reporting annual household income less than $50 000 (41.7%), and 1546 (24.1%) reporting current firearm ownership. In the full sample, individuals who purchased firearms during the surge period were more likely than were non–firearm owners to report lifetime suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR], 2.21; 95% CI, 1.82-2.68), past-year suicidal ideation (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.72-2.55), and past-month suicidal ideation (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.41-2.29). In addition, among individuals who purchased firearms during the surge period, first-time owners were more likely than established firearm owners to report lifetime suicidal ideation (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.43-3.14) and past-year suicidal ideation (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.59-3.53). Results were largely consistent across states. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this survey study, results highlighted that individuals who acquired firearms during the purchasing surge were more likely than other firearm owners and non–firearm owners to have experienced suicidal thoughts. This is particularly true for individuals who purchased a firearm for the first time during the surge period. This illustrates the need to implement policies and interventions that increase safety among firearm purchasers (eg, safe firearm storage) as well as those that promote the acquisition of alternative forms of protection (eg, home alarm systems).
A forebrain neural substrate for behavioral thermoregulation
Authors: Sieun Jung, Myungsun Lee, Dong-Yoon Kim, Celine Son, Benjamin Hyunju Ahn, Gyuryang Heo, Junkoo Park, Minyoo Kim, Han-Eol Park, Dong-Jun Koo, Jong Hwi Park, Jung Weon Lee, Han Kyoung Choe, Sung-Yon Kim
Journal: Neuron (2021)
David Oliver: What parliament omitted from its “lessons learnt” on coronavirus
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2021)

On 12 October the parliamentary committees on health and social care and science and technology published a joint report, Coronavirus: Lessons Learned to Date ,1 attracting much media traffic and political comment. What the report says is excellent, sensible, and well evidenced. In well over 100 pages it covers the themes of “pandemic preparedness,” “lockdowns and social distancing,” “testing and contact tracing,” “social care,” “at-risk communities,” and “vaccines,” finishing with a series of punchy conclusions and strong recommendations.

I have no issue with what’s there, but the report glosses over some aspects or avoids them completely. First, while it acknowledges that the capacity in NHS beds, intensive care beds, staffing, and social care meant that they were already struggling and thus had little headroom when covid struck, it fails to mention that this resulted from …
Myeloid antigen-presenting cell niches sustain antitumor T cells and license PD-1 blockade via CD28 costimulation
Authors: Jaikumar Duraiswamy, Riccardo Turrini, Aspram Minasyan, David Barras, Isaac Crespo, Alizée J Grimm, Julia Casado, Raphael Genolet, Fabrizio Benedetti, Alexandre Wicky, Kalliopi Ioannidou, Wilson Castro, Christopher Neal, Amandine Moriot, Stéphanie Renaud-Tissot, Victor Anstett, Noémie Fahr, Janos L Tanyi, Monika A Eiva, Connor A Jacobson, Kathleen T Montone, Marie Christine Wulff Westergaard, Inge Marie Svane, Lana E Kandalaft, Mauro Delorenzi, Peter K Sorger, Anniina Färkkilä, Olivier Michielin, Vincent Zoete, Santiago J Carmona, Periklis G Foukas, Daniel J Powell, Sylvie Rusakiewicz, Marie-Agnès Doucey, Denarda Dangaj Laniti, George Coukos
Journal: Cancer Cell (2021)
De novo strategy with engineering a multifunctional bacterial cellulose-based dressing for rapid healing of infected wounds
Authors: Chen Zhou, Zhifei Yang, Xiaowei Xun, Le Ma, Zejing Chen, Xiaoming Hu, Xidong Wu, Yizao Wan, Haiyong Ao
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

The treatment and healing of infected skin lesions is one of the major challenges in surgery. To solve this problem, collagen I (Col-I) and the antibacterial agent hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) were composited into the bacterial cellulose (BC) three-dimensional network structure by a novel membrane-liquid interface (MLI) culture, and a Col-I/HACC/BC (CHBC) multifunctional dressing was designed. The water absorption rate and water vapor transmission rate of the obtained CHBC dressing were 35.78 ± 2.45 g/g and 3084 ± 56 g m-2·day-1, respectively. The water retention of the CHBC dressing was significantly improved compared with the BC caused by the introduced Col-I and HACC. In vitro results indicated that the combined advantages of HACC and Col-I confer on CHBC dressings not only have outstanding antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) compared with BC and CBC, but also exhibit better cytocompatibility than BC and HBC to promote the proliferation and spread of NIH3T3 cells and HUVECs. Most importantly, the results of in vivo animal tests demonstrated that the CHBC dressings fully promoted wound healing for 8 days and exhibited shorter healing times, especially in the case of wound infection. Excellent skin regeneration effects and higher expression levels of collagen during infection were also shown in the CHBC group. We believe that CHBC composites with favorable multifunctionality have potential applications as wound dressings to treat infected wounds.
Abstract 10353: Clinical Features and Echocardiography Predict Defibrillation Failure in ICD Recipients
Authors: Deepak Bhakta, Yifei Zhang, Alexander E Urban, David E Adams, Elise Hannemann, William J Groh, John M Miller
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Transvenous ICD systems are effective and reliable in terminating VF though sudden, presumably arrhythmic death is still observed in ICD recipients. We aimed to examine the outcomes o...
TCT-265 Prospective Application of a Bleeding and Ischemic Risks-Adjusted Antithrombotic Protocol in Elderly Patients Revascularized With Last Generation of Everolimus-Eluting Stents: The SIERRA-75 (EPIC-05) Registry
Authors: Jose De la Torre Hernandez, Ramon Lopez Palop, Jesus Jimenez-Mazuecos, Pilar Carrillo, Alejandro Gutierrez-Barrios, Eduardo Pinar Bermudez, Belen Cid Alvarez, Luis Fernandez Gonzalez, Tamara Garcia Camarero, Cristobal Urbano, Juan Francisco Oteo Dominguez, Victor Alfonso Jimenez Diaz, Antonio Gomez Menchero, Eladio Galindo Fernandez, Juan Gabriel Cordoba Soriano, Raymundo Ocaranza-Sanchez, Eduardo Arroyo, Koldobika Garcia San Roman, Sílvio Leal, Gines Martinez Caceres, Jose Antonio Linares Vicente, Georgina Fuertes Ferre, Xavier Carrillo, Juan Carlos Rama-Merchan, Catia Costa, Juan Sanchis Fores, Renato Fernandes, Alberto Rodrigues, Jose Miguel Vegas, Helder Pereira, Armando Perez de Prado
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Glomerular Endothelial Cell-Derived microRNA-192 Regulates Nephronectin Expression in Idiopathic Membranous Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Janina Müller-Deile, Nina Sopel, Alexandra Ohs, Victoria Rose, Marwin Gröner, Christoph Wrede, Jan Hegermann, Christoph Daniel, Kerstin Amann, Gunther Zahner, Mario Schiffer
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Significance Statement MicroRNA-192-5p (miR-192-5p) is upregulated in the glomeruli and urine of patients with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (iMGN). It derives from glomerular endothelial cells, is packed into exosomes, and decreases podocyte nephronectin (NPNT) in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) by paracrine signaling. Patients with iMGN have reduced glomerular NPNT expression. Whole-body knockdown of npnt in zebrafish and podocyte-specific knockout of Npnt in mice damage the GBM, increasing lucidity of the lamina rara interna, which admits high molecular weight proteins. Reduced NPNT leading to GBM leakiness might be an important part of iMGN pathophysiology, initiating podocyte antigen presentation, and admitting autoantibodies into the subepithelial space. NPNT might be a prognostic parameter and noninvasive marker for iMGN. Monitoring and targeting this miR could be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic approach for iMGN. Background Autoantibodies binding to podocyte antigens cause idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis (iMGN). However, it remains elusive how autoantibodies reach the subepithelial space because the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) is size selective and almost impermeable for antibodies. Methods Kidney biopsies from patients with iMGN, cell culture, zebrafish, and mouse models were used to investigate the role of nephronectin (NPNT) regulating microRNAs (miRs) for the GFB. Results Glomerular endothelial cell (GEC)-derived miR-192-5p and podocyte-derived miR-378a-3p are upregulated in urine and glomeruli of patients with iMGN, whereas glomerular NPNT is reduced. Overexpression of miR-192-5p and morpholino-mediated npnt knockdown induced edema, proteinuria, and podocyte effacement similar to podocyte-derived miR-378a-3p in zebrafish. Structural changes of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with increased lucidity, splitting, and lamellation, especially of the lamina rara interna, similar to ultrastructural findings seen in advanced stages of iMGN, were found. IgG-size nanoparticles accumulated in lucidity areas of the lamina rara interna and lamina densa of the GBM in npnt-knockdown zebrafish models. Loss of slit diaphragm proteins and severe structural impairment of the GBM were further confirmed in podocyte-specific Npnt knockout mice. GECs downregulate podocyte NPNT by transfer of miR-192-5p–containing exosomes in a paracrine manner. Conclusions Podocyte NPNT is important for proper glomerular filter function and GBM structure and is regulated by GEC-derived miR-192-5p and podocyte-derived miR-378a-3p. We hypothesize that loss of NPNT in the GBM is an important part of the initial pathophysiology of iMGN and enables autoantigenicity of podocyte antigens and subepithelial immune complex deposition in iMGN.
Management of Cutaneous Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients With Cancer Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Emily R. Nadelmann, Jennifer E. Yeh, Steven T. Chen
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> There exists a paucity of literature that summarizes the effective management of cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) in patients with cancer who are receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Most published articles are small case series from a single institution. To our knowledge, the spectrum of possible treatments has not been systematically reviewed to highlight the breadth of options when caring for patients with cirAEs. <h3>Objective</h3> To further characterize the development of subtypes of cirAEs in patients with cancer treated with ICIs and provide recommendations on optimal treatment regimens based on the current literature. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> A search was performed in PubMed, Embase European, Web of Science, and Google Scholar on June 26, 2020, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines, limited to the years 2010 to 2020. Articles that met predetermined inclusion criteria (published between January 1, 2010, and June 1, 2020; written in the English language; and original articles, brief reports, case reports, and research letters that reported primarily on cirAE management) were selected, and data were abstracted. Articles that met the scope of the review were also added from reference lists. When possible, the results of studies that addressed a similar question were combined quantitatively. <h3>Findings</h3> In total, 138 studies (87 from the aforementioned literature search and 51 additional studies pulled from the reference lists of included articles) were included that reported on 879 cirAEs. The subtypes of cirAEs included maculopapular, pruritus, lichenoid, immunobullous, psoriasiform, granulomatous, erythema multiforme or Stevens Johnson Syndrome, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, connective tissue disease, hair, oral, and miscellaneous. Treatments for cirAEs included a combination of topical corticosteroids, systemic corticosteroids, steroid-sparing agents, and discontinuation or cessation of immunotherapy. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This systematic review found that treatment with ICIs was associated with many types of skin toxic effects, each with unique treatment options beyond current published guidelines. Further research into key differences between subtypes is critical to improve the care provided to patients with cancer.
Navigating the Next Wave of Social Media: Future Plans to Boost Dissemination of the European Association of Urology Guidelines
Authors: Nikita R Bhatt, Benjamin Pradere, Jeremy Y Teoh, Vito Cucchiara, Stefan W Czarniecki, Francesco Esperto, Esther Garcia Rojo, Maria J Ribal, Gianluca Giannarini
Journal: European Urology (2021)
TCT-465 Anticoagulation Practices Using ACT in Patients With Respiratory Failure on Venovenous ECMO: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kanak Parmar, Wasawat Vutthikraivit, Amritpal Singh, Ana Morataya, Gaspar Del Rio-Pertuz, Annia Cavazos, Zeyad Elharabi, Kenneth Nugent, Erwin Argueta-Sosa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
TCT-232 Diagnostic Value of Strain Echocardiography to Identify Patients With Significant Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Presenting With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Raahat Bansal, Rosa Cruz Torres, Abhishek Thandra, Shiva Ponamgi, Ahmed Aboeata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Photosynthetic microorganisms coupled photodynamic therapy for enhanced antitumor immune effect
Authors: Haoran Wang, Honghui Liu, Yunfei Guo, Wenjing Zai, Xianghui Li, Wei Xiong, Xiaozhi Zhao, Yingfang Yao, Yiqiao Hu, Zhigang Zou, Jinhui Wu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

The ideal photodynamic therapy (PDT) should effectively remove the primary tumor, and produce a stronger immune memory effect to inhibit the tumor recurrence and tumor metastasis. However, limited by the hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment, the PDT efficiency is apparently low. Here, Chlorella (Chl.) is exploited to enhance local effect by producing oxygen to reverse hypoxia, and release adjuvants to reverse immunosuppressive microenvironment to enhance abscopal effect afterwards. Results from different animal models indicated that Chl. could enhance local effect and PDT related immune response. Ultimately, Chl. coupled PDT elicited anti-tumor effects toward established primary tumors (inhibition rate: 90%) and abscopal tumors (75%), controlled the challenged tumors (100%) and alleviated metastatic tumors (90%). This Chl. coupled PDT strategy can also produce a stronger anti-tumor immune memory effect. Overall, this Chl. coupled PDT strategy generates enhanced local tumor killing, boosts PDT-induced immune responses and promotes anti-tumor immune memory effect, which may be a great progress for realizing systemic effect of PDT.
Cellular Accumulation of L-Cystine in Rat Kidney Cortex In Vivo
Authors: Warren E. Greth, Samuel O. Their, Stanton Segal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Cellular accumulation of L-cystine in rat kidney cortex in vivo has been studied using L-[(35)S]cystine. The L-[(35)S]cystine radioactivity in plasma decreases to less than 10% of the initially calculated value by 15 min. Four (35)S-containing intracellular products of L-cystine metabolism were identified including cystine, cysteine, reduced glutathione, and an as yet unidentified compound. The latter is probably taurine, cysteinesulphinate, or cysteic acid. Cellular accumulation of these products was found to be more rapid in vivo than in vitro. Cellular accumulation of the products of L-cystine metabolism was found to be essentially unchanged in the presence of ureter ligation. Unlabeled L-lysine administered simultaneously with L-[(35)S]cystine, in both the presence and absence or ureter ligation, enhanced the cellular accumulation of intracellular metabolic products of L-[(35)S]cystine. Simultaneous (35)S cellular accumulation and L-cystine clearance studies were performed both in the presence and absence of L-lysine. L-Lysine enhanced cellular accumulation of (35)S-products despite an accompanying increase in L-cystine clearance. The results are interpreted as evidence for a dissociation between cellular accumulation and transepithelial transport. This evidence for independent luminal transport and peritubular cellular accumulation could explain the apparent paradox in the disease cystinuria where there appears to be a luminal transport defect for L-cystine, but no defect for cellular accumulation of L-cystine metabolic products in vitro.
Abstract 16590: Outcome of TAVI in Patients With Low-Gradient and “Paradoxical” Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis: Results of the German Aortic Valve RegistrY (GARY)
Authors: Alexander Lauten, Christian Hamm, Friedrich W Mohr, Hans R Figulla, GARY-Investigators
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objective: Patients (pt) with severe aortic stenosis (AS; AVA/BSA≤0.6cm2/m2) may present a mean transvalvular aortic gradient (MPG) <40mmHg due to either severe LV-dysfunction (low-flow, low-gradie...
NICE backtracks on advice to induce labour at 39 weeks in ethnic minority women
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2021)

A draft recommendation that inducing labour should be considered at 39 weeks in women from an ethnic minority family background, even if their pregnancies are considered uncomplicated, has been dropped by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in its final guideline on inducing labour.1

Doctors and campaigners had raised concerns about the recommendation in the draft guideline published in May 2021,2 questioning the evidence for it and warning that stratifying risk by race alone was “a blunt tool.”3

Black women are four times as likely as white women to die in pregnancy or childbirth, and women from Asian ethnic backgrounds have a twofold higher risk.4 The risk of stillbirth for black babies is more than double the risk for white …
Lower limb ecchymosis in a man with a history of alcohol misuse
Authors: Melanie Etti, Gurjinder Sandhu
Journal: BMJ (2021)

A man in his 50s presented with a two week history of a large ecchymosis on his left ankle and foot, and a two month history of petechial rash on his lower limbs (fig 1 and fig 2). He had no history of recent trauma, fevers, night sweats, weight loss, or upper respiratory symptoms, and did not report any bleeding from other sites. His diet largely consisted of ready meals and he had not consumed fresh fruit or vegetables for more than a year.



Fig 1 
Large ecchymosis over patient’s left ankle and foot, with hyperkeratosis of skin overlying dorsal and lateral aspects of the foot. Multiple perifollicular haemorrhages on medial aspect of patient’s right lower leg





Fig 2 
Perifollicular haemorrhages surrounding prominent hyperkeratotic follicles with multiple corkscrew hairs on patient’s right lower leg (black arrows)



He said that he had not used alcohol or injected drugs in the past six …
Blood Pressure Control &amp; Incident Disability in Older Women:
Authors: Jeff D Williamson, Brenda Penninx, Mauro DiBari, Linda P Fried, Jack M Guralnik, Marco Pahor
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P54 Cardiovascular disease is associated with disability &amp; high B/P is a risk factor for CVD. Data is lacking on the relationship between B/P and disability and on the potential benefit of aggressive B/P control for prevention of disability in older adults. We report longitudinal data from the Women’s Health &amp; Aging Study (WHAS) testing the hypothesis that high B/P and poor B/P control is a risk factor for disability in older women. Of the 1002 women at baseline, 388 were age 65-74, 311 age 75-84, and 303 women age 85+. Overall, 58.7% reported a diagnosis of hypertension. B/P was measured at baseline and every 6 months for 3 years by a nurse during an in-home standardized exam. Using “a lot of difficulty or unable to walk across a small room” as the dependent variable, Table 1 shows the adjusted 3-year incidence of disability. At 3 years, women who were hypertensive on or off B/P meds at baseline (39.8%) had a disability RR of 1.44 (CI 1.07-1.94) compared to normotensive women on B/P meds (27.5%). These results show that SPB is strongly related to the incident disability. These data also provide epidemiologic evidence supporting SBP treatment goals to &lt; 140 mmHg in older people. Given the prevalence of hypertension and poor B/P control in this population, aggressive treatment may provide an important pathway to reducing the burden of disability and institutionalization. Table 1.