tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P050: Transcending The Geographical Barrier: Design And Preliminary Findings From The Mhealth Component Of The Rural Study
Authors: Jordy Mehawej, Singh Aditi, Joanne Mathew, Megan Evans, Shivakumar Valpady, Massimo Bigliardo, Corby K Martin, Suzanne E Judd, Vasan S Ramachandran, David D McManus, Apurv Soni
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: The rural population in the Southeastern United States has been historically understudied despite an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Mobile technology can help elucidate the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in rural areas when deployed in a culturally appropriate manner. Objectives: To describe the design of a mobile health (mHealth) electronic cohort embedded in a longitudinal cohort study, the Risks Underlying Rural Areas Longitudinal (RURAL), evaluate the feasibility, and report preliminary findings on survey completion and smartwatch adherence rates. Methods: Eligible and consenting participants were mailed a wearable activity tracker and, if needed, a smartphone. Participant-reported outcomes were collected using the RURAL smartphone app that deployed validated instruments at 24-hours, 7-days, 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month intervals. Remote support was provided when participants had not completed their surveys or their activity tracker data were not passively collected over the previous seven days. Results: Participants (N=52) were enrolled between February and June of 2021 over a teleconference “setup” call; among them, 11 requested a study smartphone. Participants were on average 50.9 ± 10.4 years of age, nearly a third were men (n=18), and approximately two-thirds (n=34) were Black. We contacted 41 participants due to overdue surveys and lack of smartwatch syncing in the previous 7 days. Nearly all participants completed the surveys at 24-hours (48/52), at 7-days (49/52), 1-month (47/52), and 3-months (47/52). Participants, on average, had nearly 1 day of missing smartwatch data over at least three months of observed data; average wear-time was 83%. Data stratified by participants’ use of study smartphones are described in Table 1. Conclusions: Although previous mHealth research has demonstrated challenges working in rural populations without consistent access to smartphones, we have demonstrated high adherence and participation by providing frequent support.
Induction of labour at 41 weeks versus expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks (SWEdish Post-term Induction Study, SWEPIS): multicentre, open label, randomised, superiority trial
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Induction of labour at 41 weeks expectant management and induction of labour at 42 weeks (SWEdish Post-term Induction Study, SWEPIS): multicentre, open label, randomised, superiority trial In this paper by Wennerholm and colleagues (
Advanced Tertiary Lymphoid Tissues in Protocol Biopsies are Associated with Progressive Graft Dysfunction in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Yu Ho Lee, Yuki Sato, Mitsuru Saito, Shingo Fukuma, Masaya Saito, Shigenori Yamamoto, Atsushi Komatsuda, Nobuhiro Fujiyama, Shigeru Satoh, Sang-Ho Lee, Peter Boor, Tomonori Habuchi, Jürgen Floege, Motoko Yanagita
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Significance Statement Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are frequently found in transplanted kidneys, but their prevalence and clinical significance remain uncertain. Serial protocol kidney transplant biopsies without signs of rejection were collected and TLTs staged according to the presence of proliferating lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells. TLTs rapidly developed within 1 month after kidney transplantation in approximately half of the 214 patients. Advanced TLTs, defined as the presence of follicular dendritic cells, were associated with progressive decline in graft function independent of interstitial inflammation score. These findings suggest advanced TLTs are strongly associated with late graft dysfunction, even in the absence of rejection. Background Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues found in chronically inflamed organs. Although studies have documented TLT formation in transplanted kidneys, the clinical relevance of these TLTs remains controversial. We examined the effects of TLTs on future graft function using our histologic TLT maturity stages and the association between TLTs and Banff pathologic scores. We also analyzed the risk factors for the development of TLTs. Methods Serial protocol biopsy samples (0 hour, 1, 6, and 12 months) without rejection were retrospectively analyzed from 214 patients who underwent living donor kidney transplantation. TLTs were defined as lymphocyte aggregates with signs of proliferation and their stages were determined by the absence (stage I) or presence (stage II) of follicular dendritic cells. Results Only 4% of patients exhibited TLTs at the 0-hour biopsy. Prevalence increased to almost 50% at the 1-month biopsy, and then slightly further for 12 months. The proportion of advanced stage II TLTs increased gradually, reaching 19% at the 12-month biopsy. Presence of stage II TLTs was associated with higher risk of renal function decline after transplantation compared with patients with no TLT or stage I TLTs. Stage II TLTs were associated with more severe tubulitis and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy at 12 months and predicted poorer graft function independently from the degree of interstitial inflammation. Pretransplantation rituximab treatment dramatically attenuated the development of stage II TLTs. Conclusions TLTs are commonly found in clinically stable transplanted kidneys. Advanced stage II TLTs are associated with progressive graft dysfunction, independent of interstitial inflammation.
An accessible, efficient and global approach for the large-scale sequencing of bacterial genomes
Authors: Blanca M. Perez-Sepulveda, Darren Heavens, Caisey V. Pulford, Alexander V. Predeus, Ross Low, Hermione Webster, Gregory F. Dykes, Christian Schudoma, Will Rowe, James Lipscombe, Chris Watkins, Benjamin Kumwenda, Neil Shearer, Karl Costigan, Kate S. Baker, Nicholas A. Feasey, Jay C. D. Hinton, Neil Hall, Blanca M. Perez-Sepulveda, Darren Heavens, Caisey V. Pulford, María Teresa Acuña, Dragan Antic, Martin Antonio, Kate S. Baker, Johan Bernal, Hilda Bolaños, Marie Chattaway, John Cheesbrough, Angeziwa Chirambo, Karl Costigan, Saffiatou Darboe, Paula Díaz, Pilar Donado, Carolina Duarte, Francisco Duarte, Dean Everett, Séamus Fanning, Nicholas A. Feasey, Patrick Feglo, Adriano M. Ferreira, Rachel Floyd, Ronnie G. Gavilán, Melita A. Gordon, Neil Hall, Rodrigo T. Hernandes, Gabriela Hernández-Mora, Jay C. D. Hinton, Daniel Hurley, Irene N. Kasumba, Benjamin Kumwenda, Brenda Kwambana-Adams, James Lipscombe, Ross Low, Salim Mattar, Lucy Angeline Montaño, Cristiano Gallina Moreira, Jaime Moreno, Dechamma Mundanda Muthappa, Satheesh Nair, Chris M. Parry, Chikondi Peno, Jasnehta Permala-Booth, Jelena Petrović, Alexander V. Predeus, José Luis Puente, Getenet Rebrie, Martha Redway, Will Rowe, Terue Sadatsune, Christian Schudoma, Neil Shearer, Claudia Silva, Anthony M. Smith, Sharon Tennant, Alicia Tran-Dien, Chris Watkins, Hermione Webster, François-Xavier Weill, Magdalena Wiesner, Catherine Wilson
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Abstract We have developed an efficient and inexpensive pipeline for streamlining large-scale collection and genome sequencing of bacterial isolates. Evaluation of this method involved a worldwide research collaboration focused on the model organism Salmonella enterica , the 10KSG consortium. Following the optimization of a logistics pipeline that involved shipping isolates as thermolysates in ambient conditions, the project assembled a diverse collection of 10,419 isolates from low- and middle-income countries. The genomes were sequenced using the LITE pipeline for library construction, with a total reagent cost of less than USD$10 per genome. Our method can be applied to other large bacterial collections to underpin global collaborations.
Abstract P128: Prevalence Of Pre-frailty And Frailty In The Physical Activity Daily (PAD) Trial
Authors: Raymond Jones, Ene M Enogela, Emily L Zumbro, Phonchit Soukhamneut, Tom W Buford, Caroline Richardson, Elizabeth A Jackson
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Frailty is a multidimensional, geriatric syndrome characterized by decreased physiologic reserve and resistance to stressors. Frailty is associated with increased mortality among cardiac patients; however, data on patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are limited. Purpose: The purpose of this observational study was to identify the prevalence of unique physical frailty clusters in a sedentary, PAD cohort in the Physical Activity Daily (PAD) Trial. Methods: This study utilized baseline information from the Physical Activity Daily (PAD) Trial (2014 – 2021). Sedentary adults with documented PAD, defined as ankle-brachial index [ABI] &lt; 0.9, within the University of Michigan and University of Alabama at Birmingham health systems were enrolled. We clustered three PAD-relevant frailty phenotypes using the Fried’s frailty index —1) self-reported exhaustion (SRE), 2) weakness (WN), and 3) slow walking speed (SWS)—and observed the prevalence of pre-frailty (1-2 characteristics) and frailty (3 characteristics) in the PAD cohort. Results: A total of 106 participants (age, 66.9 [8.4] years; female 37 [34.9%]; White 89 [84.8%]) were assessed for unique frailty clusters. Of the 106, 34.9% were characterized as robust/non-frail, 61.3% were pre-frail and 3.7% were frail. Overall, the most common phenotype component among this PAD cohort was WN (44.3%). Among pre-frail and frail participants, WN (30.4%) was the single-most occurring phenotype followed by SRE (23.2%) and SWS (5.8%). Additionally, WN + SWS (18.9%) was the most prevalent pre-frailty cluster followed by SRE + WN (13.0%) and SRE + SWS (2.9%). Conclusions: In this cohort of participants with PAD, pre-frailty was the most common accounting for 61.3%. Given the high number of adults who transition from pre-frailty to frailty, efforts to identify the clustering of phenotypes in PAD patients who are pre-frail is warranted. The implementation of rehabilitative strategies within this population is of importance to prevent the development of pre-frailty into frailty.
Harnessing Mitochondrial Mutations to ATAC Clonal Evolution in CLL
Authors: Laura K. Hilton, David W. Scott
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Abstract Summary: In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Penter and colleagues describe the results of applying the recently described technology of combined assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing and mitochondrial DNA sequencing in single cells from serial samples from nine patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The naturally occurring barcodes, provided by mitochondrial DNA mutations, allowed tracking of subclones with distinct chromatin accessibility profiles and copy-number alterations demonstrating distinct patterns of tumor evolution under a range of selection pressures. See related article by Penter et al., p. 3048.
IIT, half masked and half disfigured
Authors: Giulio Tononi, Melanie Boly, Matteo Grasso, Jeremiah Hendren, Bjorn E. Juel, William G. P. Mayner, William Marshall, Christof Koch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract The target article misrepresents the foundations of integrated information theory (IIT) and ignores many essential publications. It, thus, falls to this lead commentary to outline the axioms and postulates of IIT and correct major misconceptions. The commentary also explains why IIT starts from phenomenology and why it predicts that only select physical substrates can support consciousness. Finally, it highlights that IIT's account of experience – a cause–effect structure quantified by integrated information – has nothing to do with “information transfer.”
Outbreak of invasive meningococcal disease caused by a meningococcus serogroup B in a nursery school, Wallonia, Belgium, 2018
Authors: Stéphanie Jacquinet, Wesley Mattheus, Sophie Quoilin, Chloé Wyndham-Thomas, Charlotte Martin, Dimitri Van der Linden, André Mulder, Julie Frère, Carole Schirvel
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Although most invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases are sporadic without identified transmission links, outbreaks can occur. We report three cases caused by meningococcus B (MenB) at a Belgian nursery school over 9 months. The first two cases of IMD occurred in spring and summer 2018 in healthy children (aged 3-5 years) attending the same classroom. Chemoprophylaxis was given to close contacts of both cases following regional guidelines. The third case, a healthy child of similar age in the same class as a sibling of one case, developed disease in late 2018. Microbiological analyses revealed MenB with identical finetype clonal complex 269 for Case 1 and 3 (unavailable for Case 2). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed no antibiotic resistance. Following Case 3, after multidisciplinary discussion, chemoprophylaxis and 4CMenB (Bexsero) vaccination were offered to close contacts. In the 12-month follow-up of Case 3, no additional cases were reported by the school. IMD outbreaks are difficult to manage and generate public anxiety, particularly in the case of an ongoing cluster, despite contact tracing and management. This outbreak resulted in the addition of MenB vaccination to close contacts in Wallonian regional guidelines, highlighting the potential need and added value of vaccination in outbreak management.
Infants actively seek and transmit knowledge via communication
Authors: Marina Bazhydai, Paul L. Harris
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Supporting the central claim that knowledge representation is more basic than belief representation, we focus on the emerging evidence for preverbal infants' active and selective communication based on their representation of both knowledge and ignorance. We highlight infants' ontogenetically early deliberate information seeking and information transmission in the context of active social learning, arguing that these capacities are unique to humans.
Massive Hemoptysis and Dyspnea in an 18-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Laurent Biquet, Hervé Quintard, Jérôme Pugin, Solange Moll, Sophie De Seigneux, Noémie Suh, Simon Bourcier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

"Massive Hemoptysis and Dyspnea in an 18-Year-Old Woman." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 205(5), pp. 580–581
An infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron virus escapes neutralization by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Laura A. VanBlargan, John M. Errico, Peter J. Halfmann, Seth J. Zost, James E. Crowe, Lisa A. Purcell, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Davide Corti, Daved H. Fremont, Michael S. Diamond
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Association Between Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Pediatric and Young Adulthood Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Risk of Second Primary Malignancies
Authors: Elisa Pasqual, Sara Schonfeld, Lindsay M. Morton, Daphnée Villoing, Choonsik Lee, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez, Cari M. Kitahara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Since the 1980s, both the incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and use of radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment increased markedly. RAI has been associated with an increased risk of leukemia, but risks of second solid malignancies remain unclear. We aimed to quantify risks of second malignancies associated with RAI treatment for DTC in children and young adults, who are more susceptible than older adults to the late effects of radiation.Using nine US SEER cancer registries (1975-2017), we estimated relative risks (RRs) for solid and hematologic malignancies associated with RAI (yes v no or unknown) using Poisson regression among ≥ 5- and ≥ 2-year survivors of nonmetastatic DTC diagnosed before age 45 years, respectively.Among 27,050 ≥ 5-year survivors (median follow-up = 15 years), RAI treatment (45%) was associated with increased risk of solid malignancies (RR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.37). Risks were increased for uterine cancer (RR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.32) and nonsignificantly for cancers of the salivary gland (RR = 2.15; 95% CI, 0.91 to 5.08), stomach (RR = 1.61; 95% CI, 0.70 to 3.69), lung (RR = 1.42; 95% CI, 0.97 to 2.08), and female breast (RR = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.40). Risks of total solid and female breast cancer, the most common cancer type, were highest among ≥ 20-year DTC survivors (RRsolid = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.74; RRbreast = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.95). Among 32,171 ≥ 2-year survivors, RAI was associated with increased risk of hematologic malignancies (RR = 1.51; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.01), including leukemia (RR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.56). We estimated that 6% of solid and 14% of hematologic malignancies in pediatric and young adult DTC survivors may be attributable to RAI.In addition to leukemia, RAI treatment for childhood and young-adulthood DTC was associated with increased risks of several solid cancers, particularly more than 20 years after exposure, supporting the need for long-term surveillance of these patients.
Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Mu Variant by Convalescent and Vaccine Serum
Authors: Keiya Uriu, Izumi Kimura, Kotaro Shirakawa, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo, Taka-Aki Nakada, Atsushi Kaneda, So Nakagawa, Kei Sato
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)
Early neurodevelopment of HIV-exposed uninfected children in the era of antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Catherine J Wedderburn, Ella Weldon, Cesc Bertran-Cobo, Andrea M Rehman, Dan J Stein, Diana M Gibb, Shunmay Yeung, Andrew J Prendergast, Kirsten A Donald
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2022)

There are 15·4 million children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected worldwide. Early child development crucially influences later academic and socioeconomic factors. However, the neurodevelopmental outcomes of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children in the era of maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain unclear. We aimed to examine the effects of in-utero exposure to HIV and ART on child neurodevelopment.
Abstract P036: Pooled Cohort Equation As A Predictor Of Incident Hypertension Among Hispanics/latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/study Of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Patricia Chavez, Ayana April-Sanders, Un Jung Lee, Tali Elfassy, Neil Schneiderman, Robert Kaplan, Krista Perreira, Olga Cecilia Castro-Diehl, Martha L Daviglus, Gregory A Talavera, Linda Gallo, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Carlos Rodriguez
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Hypertension risk assessment is the first step towards primary prevention of hypertension. The pooled cohort equation (PCE) provides an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score. We sought to examine whether incident hypertension varied across categories of ASCVD risk as defined by the PCE Methods: Data from the HCHS/SOL baseline and visit 2 exam were used. Hypertension (baseline and incident) was defined as SBP &gt;140 mm Hg and DBP &gt;90 mm Hg. We included participants 40-74 years of age free of hypertension and ASCVD at baseline (n=3,692). Participants were classified into one of four ASCVD risk categories based on the PCE: low (&lt;5%), borderline (5-7.5%), intermediate (7.5-to 10%) and high (&gt;10%). Survey logistic regression models were used to determine the risk of hypertension overall, by age group and Hispanic/Latino background (Dominican, Central American, Cuban, Mexican, Puerto-Rican, South American) accounting for HCHS/SOL complex survey design. Results:: Overall, at baseline, the mean age was 51.2 ±0.23 years, 56% female, SBP: 119.7±0.26 and DBP: 72.6±0.20, ASCVD risk scores: low (65%); borderline (14.7%), intermediate (7.5%), and high (13.5%); 29.8% developed hypertension over 5.9 (range 4.1 – 9.6) years of follow-up. Intermediate (OR=2.2, CI: 1.5-3.2) and high (OR=2.5, CI: 1.9-3.5) baseline ASCVD risk categories were associated with increased odds of incident hypertension at follow-up compared to the low risk category. Age group and Hispanic/Latino background modified the relationship between increased baseline ASCVD score and incident hypertension, with strongest associations among those aged 50-59 years old (OR=2.3, CI: 1.7, 3.2) and Hispanics/Latinos of Dominican descent (OR=4.1, CI: 2.0, 8.4). Conclusions: Higher ASCVD risk was associated with an increased incidence of hypertension that varied by age and Hispanic/Latino background. The PCE ASCVD risk score can help guide public health measures to prevent hypertension.
Abstract P097: The Missing Link In Current Prevention Strategies Focused On Reducing CVD Risk Among Youth: Youth's Mental Health
Authors: Jill L Kaar, Anne Bowen, Melissa Pangelinan, Christina Studts, Lauren Shomaker, Stacey Simon
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior such as screen time (SB), and sleep are well-known health behaviors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (i.e., obesity) among youth. CVD risk factors are also prevalent among youth with a mental health diagnoses, in particular, depression. PA, SB, and sleep have also been independently associated with an increased risk of depression among youth. How these behaviors interact together and influence CVD risk among youth remains unclear. Such information is vital to the prevention of CVD among youth and further examination is urgently needed to guide the development of future intervention strategies. Objective: To examine the interplay of health behaviors, mental health indicators, and other sociodemographic predictors of obesity risk using a national representative sample of youth in the U.S. Methods: Adolescents (aged 13-18 years) from the 2018-2019 National Survey of Children’s Health data was utilized. Obesity risk was defined as a BMI% 85. Demographics (age, sex, race, ethnicity), PA, screen time, hours of sleep per night on weeknights, and diagnosis of depression and anxiety from a health care provider were extracted. Meeting Recommendations was defined as: PA (60 minutes/day, 4-7 days/week); screen time ( 2 hours/day); and sleep ( 8 hours/night). Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined the predictors of obesity risk. Results: The analytic cohort included 17,053 youth with a mean age of 15.59 1.11 years. Youth with obesity risk were more often (p&lt;0.001) male (55% vs 51%), non-White (22% vs 19%), and Hispanic (13% vs 10%). In the multivariable model, the most significant predictors of obesity risk included not meeting physical activity recommendations (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.42, 1.64) and a diagnosis of depression (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.28, 1.64). Conclusions: Both physical activity and depression are independently contributing to obesity risk among youth in a large, national cohort. The interplay of health behaviors, mental health, and CVD risk factors among youth need to be examined further to elucidate possible mechanisms of causation.