tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The injustice of unfit clinical practice guidelines in low-resource realities
Authors: Nanna Maaløe, Anna Marie Rønne Ørtved, Jane Brandt Sørensen, Brenda Sequeira Dmello, Thomas van den Akker, Monica Lauridsen Kujabi, Hussein Kidanto, Tarek Meguid, Ib Christian Bygbjerg, Jos van Roosmalen, Dan Wolf Meyrowitsch, Natasha Housseine
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

To end the international crisis of preventable deaths in low-income and middle-income countries, evidence-informed and cost-efficient health care is urgently needed, and contextualised clinical practice guidelines are pivotal. However, as exposed by indirect consequences of poorly adapted COVID-19 guidelines, fundamental gaps continue to be reported between international recommendations and realistic best practice. To address this long-standing injustice of leaving health providers without useful guidance, we draw on examples from maternal health and the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose a framework for how global guideline developers can more effectively stratify recommendations for low-resource settings and account for predictable contextual barriers of implementation (eg, human resources) as well as gains and losses (eg, cost-efficiency). Such development of more realistic clinical practice guidelines at the global level will pave the way for simpler and achievable adaptation at local levels. We also urge the development and adaptation of high-quality clinical practice guidelines at national and subnational levels in low-income and middle-income countries through co-creation with end-users, and we encourage global sharing of these experiences.
Abstract 14217: Subsequent Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmia in Patients With Transposition of the Great Arteries Undergoing Device Implantation
Authors: Gautam V Shah, Alex Grubb, Richard A Krasuski
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Current guidelines recommend prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for patients with an ejection fraction &lt;35%. Whether this applies to patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and ≥moderately depressed systemic ventricular dysfunction is uncertain. Methods: From an electrophysiologic database at a large, tertiary care medical center, we identified 71 patients with TGA (40 D-TGA and 31 L-TGA) receiving an implantable cardiac device from 1996-2014. Electronic and paper medical records were fully reviewed and device interrogation data was collected to assess the frequency of sustained ventricular arrhythmia. Results: Patients were 31±15 years of age, 32% were women, 53% had ≥moderate systemic ventricular dysfunction and 38% had ≥moderate systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation. Sixteen (23%) had an ICD placed initially. Of the 55 with a pacemaker as their first device 9 were later upgraded to an ICD for primary prevention of sudden death and 1 patient had sustained arrhythmia and an ICD was placed afterwards. Thus, of the 26 patients who eventually underwent ICD implant, 20 received it for primary prevention and 6 for secondary prevention. Interrogation follow-up data spanned 214 patient-years for primary prevention and 41 patient-years for secondary prevention. Only 2 patients received ICD discharges in the primary prevention group and both were inappropriate. In the secondary prevention group, 67% of patients underwent appropriate ICD discharge (0.39 shocks per patient-year, p&lt;0.001 compared to primary prevention). Patients with ICD discharge were older (49±5 vs. 30±15 years, p=0.011) and more likely to have concomitant heart defects (100% vs. 30%, p=0.011). Conclusion: Patients with TGA and sustained ventricular arrhythmia are at high risk for subsequent events and benefit from ICD implantation. The role of prophylactic ICD implant in this patient population, however, remains uncertain.
The crosstalk between m<sup>6</sup>A RNA methylation and other epigenetic regulators: a novel perspective in epigenetic remodeling
Authors: Yanchun Zhao, Yunhao Chen, Mei Jin, Jin Wang
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Epigenetic regulation involves a range of sophisticated processes which contribute to heritable alterations in gene expression without altering DNA sequence. Regulatory events predominantly include DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and RNA modification. As the most prevalent RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation actively participates in the modulation of RNA metabolism. Notably, accumulating evidence has revealed complicated interrelations occurring between m6A and other well-known epigenetic modifications. Their crosstalk conspicuously triggers epigenetic remodeling, further yielding profound impacts on a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially tumorigenesis. Herein, we provide an up-to-date review of this emerging hot area of biological research, summarizing the interplay between m6A RNA methylation and other epigenetic regulators, and highlighting their underlying functions in epigenetic reprogramming.
Impact of tobacco control policies implementation on future lung cancer incidence in Europe: An international, population-based modeling study
Authors: Thomas Gredner, Ute Mons, Tobias Niedermaier, Hermann Brenner, Isabelle Soerjomataram
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

Despite recent trends in declining smoking rates, tobacco smoking remains the most preventable cause of cancer in Europe. We aimed to estimate numbers and proportions of future lung cancer cases that could be potentially prevented over a 20-year period if countries in Europe were to achieve a comprehensive implementation of tobacco control policies.
OA11.04 Lurbinectedin With Irinotecan in Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer. Results From the Expansion Stage of a Phase I-II Trial
Authors: S. Ponce-Aix, G. Coté, A. Falcón, E. Jimenez-Aguilar, J. Lin, I. Sánchez Simón, M.J. Flor, R. Nuñez, A.M. Jimenez, E. Jimenez, S. Extremera, C. Kahatt, A. Zeaiter, L. Paz-Ares
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Radium-223 Treatment Increases Immune Checkpoint Expression in Extracellular Vesicles from the Metastatic Prostate Cancer Bone Microenvironment
Authors: Ioulia Vardaki, Paul Corn, Emanuela Gentile, Jian H. Song, Namrata Madan, Anh Hoang, Nila Parikh, Leah Guerra, Yu-Chen Lee, Song-Chang Lin, Guoyu Yu, Elmer Santos, Marites P. Melancon, Patricia Troncoso, Nora Navone, Gary E. Gallick, Eleni Efstathiou, Sumit K. Subudhi, Sue-Hwa Lin, Christopher J. Logothetis, Theocharis Panaretakis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: Radium-223 prolongs survival in a fraction of men with bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, there are no markers for monitoring response and resistance to Radium-223 treatment. Exosomes are mediators of intercellular communication and may reflect response of the bone microenvironment to Radium-223 treatment. We performed molecular profiling of exosomes and compared the molecular profile in patients with favorable and unfavorable overall survival. Experimental Design: We performed exosomal transcriptome analysis in plasma derived from our preclinical models (MDA-PCa 118b tumors, TRAMP-C2/BMP4 PCa) and from the plasma of 25 patients (paired baseline and end of treatment) treated with Radium-223. All samples were run in duplicate, and array data analyzed with fold changes +2 to −2 and P &amp;lt; 0.05. Results: We utilized the preclinical models to establish that genes derived from the tumor and the tumor-associated bone microenvironment (bTME) are differentially enriched in plasma exosomes upon Radium-223 treatment. The mouse transcriptome analysis revealed changes in bone-related and DNA damage repair–related pathways. Similar findings were observed in plasma-derived exosomes from patients treated with Radium-223 detected changes. In addition, exosomal transcripts detected immune-suppressors (e.g., PD-L1) that were associated with shorter survival to Radium-223. Treatment of the Myc-CaP mouse model with a combination of Radium-223 and immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) resulted in greater efficacy than monotherapy. Conclusions: These clinical and coclinical analyses showed that RNA profiling of plasma exosomes may be used for monitoring the bTME in response to treatment and that ICT may be used to increase the efficacy of Radium-223.
EPR21-036: Osteoporosis Screening and Referral is Underutilized in a High Risk Population of Patients With Gynecologic Malignancies
Authors: Alexa Henderson, Stacy Smrz, Michelle Lightfoot, Jason Benedict, Erin Bishop, Glenn Boyles, Alexandra Stiles, Kristin Bixel
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)
Association of Sarcopenia and Body Composition With Postoperative 90-Day Morbidity After Liver Resection for Malignant Tumors—Reply
Authors: Giammauro Berardi, Marco Colasanti, Giuseppe Maria Ettorre
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Ethics Consultation in U.S. Hospitals: Determinants of Consultation Volume
Authors: Ellen Fox, Christopher C. Duke
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

The annual volume of ethics consultations (ECs) has been a topic of interest in the bioethics literature, in part because of its presumed relationship to quality. To better understand factors associated with EC volume, we used multiple linear regression to model the number of case consultations performed in the last year based on a national survey. We found that hospital bed size, academic affiliation, and urban/rural location were all associated with EC volume, but were not the primary drivers. Instead, these variables affected EC volume through three other variables, all of which relate to ethics staffing: the percentage of case consultations performed by a single individual; whether the survey respondent's main role at the hospital contained the word "ethics"; and especially, the number of full-time ethics program staff. We conclude that EC is an example of supply-sensitive care, and further research is needed to determine the optimal level of EC activity.
P77.01 Preliminary Data from QUILT 3.055: A Phase 2 Multi-Cohort Study of N803 (IL-15 Superagonist) in Combination with Checkpoint Inhibitors in NSCLC
Authors: J. Wrangle, M. Awad, F. Badin, C. Garner, S. Reddy, P. Soon-Shiong
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Real-time fluorescence imaging in intraoperative decision making for cancer surgery
Authors: Lorraine J Lauwerends, Pieter B A A van Driel, Robert J Baatenburg de Jong, José A U Hardillo, Senada Koljenovic, Gerwin Puppels, Laura Mezzanotte, Clemens W G M Löwik, Eben L Rosenthal, Alexander L Vahrmeijer, Stijn Keereweer
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2021)
AI in an imaging center: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: C. Lehman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

There is significant and well-founded enthusiasm for the promise of AI to improve healthcare outcomes across diverse clinical applications in oncology  However, careful analyses of the impact of AI tools in actual real world clinical settings are sparse in this relatively early phase of scientific discovery  The rigor applied to deep learning model development (training, testing, external validation) must be matched with equal rigor in assessing patient outcomes after implementation of deep learning tools in actual clinical settings  We can learn from our past endeavors in computer-assisted image interpretation  Tools for computer aided detection were approved by the FDA in 1998 to help radiologists find breast cancers on mammograms  However, after widespread clinical implementation (based on promising results in reader studies and reimbursement approvals), clinical trials to assess the impact of CAD on diagnostic accuracy of mammography revealed the tools did not improve human performance in findings cancers, and in many cases increased false positive readings by humans using CAD assistance  Due to severely limited healthcare resources during pandemics, and to protect patients and healthcare workers, state governments and the COVID-19 Pandemic Breast Cancer Consortium urged providers to focus cancer screening efforts on those patients at higher   These mandates were and continue to be necessary responses to support fair allocation of scarce resources to maximize benefits for all patients across the full spectrum of healthcare needs and acknowledge the shift in risk-benefit ratios for screening in average  women  After screening mammography programs were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented an AI image-only  model strategy at MGH to invite women at higher  to return to screening for breast cancer  The AI model identified the top 60% of patients at risk, who were diagnosed with 90% of cancers, while the top 60% of at-risk patients based on traditional models harbored less than 50% of cancers  Our AI image-only  model performed best in identifying women with current breast cancer, followed by strategies which used five-year traditional  models and included all women with a personal history of breast cancer in invitations to screen  Lifetime  models performed extremely poorly  Operating at the traditional high risk threshold of >20% lifetime risk, these models identified fewer than 10% of patients with cancer in the total population screened  AI-based  models may support accurate and equitable risk-based screening  It may be possible with early intervention to reduce the widening disparities and later stage breast cancer diagnoses we are experiencing with COVID and mitigate the  of delayed diagnoses and increased mortality from breast cancer during and after pandemics  Strategies for careful and rigorous assessment of clinical implementation are essential for AI to have the impact in health desired by all
Innate and adaptive immune responses toward nanomedicines
Authors: Iara Maíra de Oliveira Viana, Sabrina Roussel, Joan Defrêne, Eliana Martins Lima, Frédéric Barabé, Nicolas Bertrand
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Since the commercialization of the first liposomes used for drug delivery, Doxil/Caelyx® and Myocet®, tremendous progress has been made in understanding interactions between nanomedicines and biological systems. Fundamental work at the interface of engineering and medicine has allowed nanomedicines to deliver therapeutic small molecules and nucleic acids more efficiently. While nanomedicines are used in oncology for immunotherapy or to deliver combinations of cytotoxics, the clinical successes of gene silencing approaches like patisiran lipid complexes (Onpattro®) have paved the way for a variety of therapies beyond cancer. In parallel, the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has highlighted the potential of mRNA vaccines to develop immunization strategies at unprecedented speed. To rationally design therapeutic and vaccines, chemists, materials scientists, and drug delivery experts need to better understand how nanotechnologies interact with the immune system. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the innate and adaptative immune systems and emphasizes the intricate mechanisms through which nanomedicines interact with these biological functions.
Abstract 13296: Trends in In-Hospital Mortality, Length of Stay, Disposition and Cost Among End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Dialysis Hospitalized With Heart Failure (2001-2014)
Authors: Manju Bengaluru Jayanna, Chakradhari Inampudi, Emmanuel Akintoye, Ala Mohsen, Paulino Alvarez, Alexandros Briasoulis
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a common cause for morbidity and mortality among end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis. Hypothesis: We aimed to assess trends and outcomes in prima...
Correction to: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling promotes ORMDL3-dependent generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate by inhibiting sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase
Authors: Hsueh-Chun Wang, Tzu-Hsuan Wong, Li-Ting Wang, Hsiang-Han Su, Hsiu-Yueh Yu, Ai-Hsuan Wu, Yu-Chun Lin, Hua-Ling Chen, Jau-Ling Suen, Shih-Hsien Hsu, Li-Chen Chen, Yufeng Zhou, Shau-Ku Huang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2018)
FP12.09 Molecular Insight into NADIM Clinical Trial: Potential Immune Biomarkers of Pathological Response for NSCLC Patients.
Authors: R. Laza Briviesca, E. Nadal, M. Casarrubios, A. Insa, B. Sierra-Rodero, M.R. Garcia Campelo, G. Huidobro, M. Dómine Gómez, B. Massuti, M. Majem, D. Rodríguez-Abreu, A. Martinez-Marti, J. De Castro Campeño, M. Cobo Dols, G. López Vivanco, E. Del Barco, R. Bernabé Caro, N. Viñolas, I. Barneto, S. Viteri, A. Cruz-Bermudez, M. Provencio
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
A single intranasal dose of chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques
Authors: Ahmed O. Hassan, Friederike Feldmann, Haiyan Zhao, David T. Curiel, Atsushi Okumura, Tsing-Lee Tang-Huau, James Brett Case, Kimberly Meade-White, Julie Callison, Rita E. Chen, Jamie Lovaglio, Patrick W. Hanley, Dana P. Scott, Daved H. Fremont, Heinz Feldmann, Michael S. Diamond
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)

The deployment of a vaccine that limits transmission and disease likely will be required to end the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We recently described the protective activity of an intranasally administered chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a pre-fusion stabilized spike (S) protein (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S [chimpanzee adenovirus-severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-S]) in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Here, we show the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this vaccine in non-human primates. Rhesus macaques were immunized with ChAd-Control or ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S and challenged 1 month later by combined intranasal and intrabronchial routes with SARS-CoV-2. A single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses and limits or prevents infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. As ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S confers protection in non-human primates, it is a promising candidate for limiting SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in humans.
Activation of proteolytic activities of calpain and caspase-3 in apoptosis of human malignant glioblastoma cell lines T98G and U87MG exposed to diallyl sulfide (DAS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS)
Authors: Arabinda Das, Surajit Karmakar, Sunil J. Patel, Naren L. Banik, Swapan K. Ray
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

819  Glioblastoma is the most malignant brain cancer in humans. It is not yet amenable to any currently available therapeutic regimen. In the past, various conventional chemotherapeutic agents have been used to control the growth of glioblastoma. But none of them showed significant success. So, the search continues to find out an innovative and effective therapeutic strategy for treating this deadly disease. Garlic derived organosulfur compounds such as diallyl sulfide (DAS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS) offer significant protection against chemical carcinogen induced cancers in animal models. The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of DAS and DADS for induction of apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cell lines T98G and U87MG. Trypan blue dye exclusion test showed a decrease in number of viable human glioblastoma cells with an increasing dose of DAS and DADS. Wright staining and light microscopy for examination of cell morphology indicated predominantly apoptotic features in human glioblastoma cells following exposure to 100 μM DAS and 100 μM DADS for 24 h. Notably, DADS demonstrated more pro-apoptotic effect than DAS. Fura-2 assay showed that apoptosis in both human glioblastoma cell lines was associated with an increase in intracellular free Ca2+, indicating participation of Ca2+-dependent molecular events in mediation of the apoptotic process. Changes in transcriptional level expression (mRNA) of all eight members of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs), also currently designated as the baculovirus IAP repeat containing (BIRC) proteins, were examined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition to the RT-PCR experiments, Western blot analyses were performed to determine the changes in protein level expression of the selective BIRC proteins. Also, Western blot analyses showed changes in the levels of expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins resulting in an increase in Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, and overexpression and activation of calpain and caspase-3 leading to the cleavage of 270 kD α-spectrin at specific sites for generation of 145 kD spectrin break down products (SBDP) and 120 kD SBDP, respectively, in course of apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. The activation of caspase-3 was further confirmed in the increased generation of 20 kD and 12 kD fragments from 32 kD pro-caspase-3 and by a colorimetric assay using a caspase-3-specific synthetic peptide substrate. Taken together, these results from our investigation strongly suggest that garlic compounds such as DAS and DADS can be used as potential therapeutic agents for induction of proteolytic activities for apoptotic death in human glioblastoma cells. This investigation was supported in part by the R01 grants from the NCI and NINDS of the NIH, and also a grant from the State of SC.
P76.74 PAPILLON: Randomized Phase 3 Study of Amivantamab Plus Chemotherapy vs Chemotherapy Alone in EGFR Exon20ins NSCLC
Authors: T. Agrawal, E. Artis, J. Xie, A. Bhattacharya, N. Haddish-Berhane, T. Gopen, J.C. Curtin, J. Karkera, A. Roshak, R.E. Knoblauch, K. Patel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
P60.02 Insight Into Intestinal Microbiome in NSCLC Patients: More Personalized Immunotherapy in the Crosshairs
Authors: A. Grenda, E. Iwan, P. Krawczyk, M. Słomiany-Szwarc, A. Bomba, I. Chmielewska, M. Szczyrek, A. Rolska-Kopińska, R. Kieszko, M. Frąk, D. Wasyl, J. Milanowski
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Mechanobiological Interactions between Dynamic Compressive Loading and Viscoelasticity on Chondrocytes in Hydrazone Covalent Adaptable Networks for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Benjamin M. Richardson, Cierra J. Walker, Mollie M. Maples, Mark A. Randolph, Stephanie J. Bryant, Kristi S. Anseth
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Mechanobiological cues influence chondrocyte biosynthesis and are often used in tissue engineering applications to improve the repair of articular cartilage in load-bearing joints. In this work, the biophysical effects of an applied dynamic compression on chondrocytes encapsulated in viscoelastic hydrazone covalent adaptable networks (CANs) is explored. Here, hydrazone CANs exhibit viscoelastic loss tangents ranging from (9.03 ± 0.01) 10