tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diphyllobothriasis
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A report of diphyllobothriasis (fish tapeworm disease) in<i>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i>(<i>MMWR</i>) (July 17, 1981) serves as a reminder that medical practice often presents physicians with unusual rather than simple, familiar diagnostic challenges. Large numbers of Americans travel abroad each year, and some of these return to the United States suffering from illnesses not normally encountered here. Others who stay at home may partake of foreign dishes that offer infectious agents as well as gustatory delight. The key to recognizing rarely encountered viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections is a carefully taken history plus knowledge of the epidemiology of these infections. The report in<i>MMWR</i>describes an outbreak of diphyllobothriasis in a group of physicians who attended a party at which sushi (made from fresh tuna and red snapper purchased in California and fresh salmon from Alaska) was served. Stool examinations confirmed the diagnosis in four of the group.
Benjamin Travers (1783-1858) ophthalmic surgeon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 252: Older Brains vs. Younger Brains: Effect of Cardiac Arrest on Hemodynamic Fluctuations and Neurologic Impairment in a Rodent Model
Authors: Qihong Wang, Hiren R Modi, David Sherman, Nitish V Thakor, Romergryko G Geocadin
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: The patient suffering from cardiac arrest (CA) is elderly. Numerous laboratory experimental studies of CA are based on the young rodent model. Post-CA patients are often hemodynamically unstable, hypotension is correlated with poor neurologic outcomes. To improve the clinical relevance of CA research in laboratory, we compared the effect of CA in retired breeder (RB) and young group (YG) rats. Hypothesis: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of CA on systemic arterial blood pressure and neurologic impairment outcomes in RB and YG rats. We hypothesize that RB rats will demonstrate lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) and delayed restoration of electroencephalogram (EEG) associated with neurologic recovery. Methods: Male RB Wistar rats (10-12 months, n=7) and male YG Wistar rats (2-2.5 months, n=6) were subjected to 7 min of asphyxia CA. Multiple parameters including MAP, EEG were recorded. The neurological outcomes were evaluated via neurological deficit score (NDS). Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups’ pre-arrest baseline characteristics except for the body weights (RB vs YG as 581 ± 54 vs 395 ± 9 g). This includes baseline heart rate, MAP, EEG and time to CA. After CA, RB rats showed significantly longer time to achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) compared to the YG (123 ± 42 vs 81 ± 9 sec, p &lt; 0.05). RB rats showed lower MAP post ROSC compared to YG (98.8 ± 19.0 vs 115.0 ± 16.2 mmHg, p &lt; 0.05 during 0-30 min post ROSC). The recovery sequences of EEG post ROSC are as follows: non-detectable cortical activity (non-DCA); intermittent cortical activity (ICA); continuous cortical activity (CCA). Analysis of recovering EEG indicates a higher gamma fraction for the RB rats during CCA period (p&lt;0.03). High gamma is a surrogate for better EEG recovery for complex cognitive function. NDS scores were no significant difference for both groups from 4 hours to 7 days post ROSC. Conclusion: It appears that older rats have slower hemodynamic recovery post ROSC compared to younger rats. The neurologic deficits are similar in both groups, but cognitive recovery by Gamma fraction seems better in RB. More study is needed to fully understand the effect of aging on the post ROSC brain.
Acute Hepatitis
Authors: A. J. Zuckerman
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Birefringence is, of course, exhibited by both urate and calcium pyrophosphate crystals.Differentiation between the two requires identification of the sign of birefringence, urate being strongly negative, calcium pyro- phosphate weakly positive.Proof of the identity of urate crystals is by uricase digestion.We have had the opportunity of examin- ing synovial fluids from 22 patients with radiological calcification of joint cartilage.In general our findings have given less clear-cut answers than anticipated, and a number of specimens contained more than one type of crystal.In one patient with associated hyperparathyroidism the synovial fluid on two occasions was found to contain crystals which exhibited strong positive birefringence and had an extinction angle of 30°.Histochemical studies showed the presence of calcium.The other radical has not yet been positively identified, but we are impressed with the resemblance of these crystals to calcium oxalate.It may well be that gout and pseudogout can co-exist in the same person.One patient in this series is regarded as suffering from classical uric-acid gout, yet on one occasion fluid from his inflamed knee-joint yielded typical calcium pyrophosphate crystals.-Weare, etc.,
Behcet's Syndrome
Authors: G. Whitwell
Journal: BMJ (1947)

much to reduce the need for severe mechanical traumatization, whi e it is the fact that ether and, to a smaller degree, the other relaxing inhalational anaesthetics are potent agents in predispos- ing towards ileus from the second cause.Here again the use of curare by permitting the administration of reduced quanti- ties of inhalational intestinal depressants should lessen the chances of development of post-operative ileus.The effect of curare itself on the gut was at first claimed in the U.S.A. to be parasympatheticomimetic.Workers in this country, possibly because of the greater purity of the product used, have been unable to confirm this; but as far as I know nobody has yet considered it to have the reverse action, and until some experi- mental evidence is produced that it does have any such adverse effect I see no reason why such a disadvantage should be imputed to it.-Iam, etc.,
Treatment outcomes of patients with metastatic prostate cancer and co-morbid diabetes mellitus.
Authors: Srinivas Govindan, Suhong Luo, Nina Cheranda, Forest Riekhof, Martin W. Schoen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

113 Background: In metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) there is a lack of studies that explore the interaction of comorbidities on treatment outcomes, which presents a challenge in choosing the right drug. In patients with diabetes mellitus, two common therapies, enzalutamide (ENZ) and abiraterone (ABI) have different effectiveness due to different mechanisms of action and because ABI requires co-administration of prednisone. Thus, in this study, we aim to assess the survival of patients with comorbid diabetes treated with ENZ and ABI. Methods: Patients treated with AA or ENZ for mCRPC from September 10, 2014, to June 2, 2017 were identified within the Veterans Health Administration. For these patients, presence of diabetes or complicated diabetes was determined using the Charlson method from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9/10 codes. A Kaplan–Meier time to event analysis and the cox proportional hazards modeling was used to analyze the data with the latter including covariates such as age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, body-mass index, treatment with bone-directed therapy, black race, and baseline PSA at start of treatment with ENZ or ABI. Results: We identified 5822 patients treated for mCRPC, of which 2202 had diabetes and were treated using either ENZ (n = 1041) or ABI (n = 1161). Median survival of patients with diabetes treated with ENZ was 3 months longer than in patients treated with ABI (23.8 vs. 20.8, p = 0.002 by log-rank). In 3620 patients without diabetes, no significant difference in median survival (24.7 vs. 22.7 months, p = 0.065) was seen between ENZ (n = 1463) and ABI (n = 2157). In a multivariable model, ENZ was associated with improved survival in patients with diabetes (adjusted HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79-0.97) and in patients without diabetes (adjusted HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.98). Conclusions: ENZ was associated with improved 3-month median survival in patients with diabetes compared to ABI in unadjusted analyses. Additionally, in adjusted analyses the cox proportional model also showed significantly better survival in mCRPC patients treated with ENZ both with and without diabetes, although the findings are more robust for patients with diabetes. The cause of these differences is unknown, so there may be differences in efficacy and adverse events between the two agents in real-world use. Further assessment of patient outcomes with comorbid disease is appropriate to improve care of patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Effective bubble-based testing for SARS-CoV-2 using swab-pooling
Authors: Yuval Cohen, Nadav Bamberger, Orna Mor, Ronen Walfisch, Shay Fleishon, Itay Varkovitzky, Asaf Younger, Danit Oz Levi, Yishai Kohn, David M. Steinberg, Danny Zeevi, Oran Erster, Ella Mendelson, Zvi Livneh
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)

Despite the success in developing COVID-19 vaccines, containment of the disease is obstructed worldwide by vaccine production bottlenecks, logistics hurdles, vaccine refusal, transmission through unvaccinated children, and the appearance of new viral variants. This underscores the need for effective strategies for identifying carriers/patients, which was the main aim of this study.We present a bubble-based PCR testing approach using swab-pooling into lysis buffer. A bubble is a cluster of people who can be periodically tested for SARS-CoV-2 by swab-pooling. A positive test of a pool mandates quarantining each of its members, who are then individually tested while in isolation to identify the carrier(s) for further epidemiological contact tracing.We tested an overall sample of 25 831 individuals, divided into 1273 bubbles, with an average size of 20.3 ± 7.7 swabs/test tube, obtaining for all pools (≤37 swabs/pool) a specificity of 97.5% (lower bound 96.6%) and a sensitivity of 86.3% (lower bound 78.2%) and a post hoc analyzed sensitivity of 94.6% (lower bound 86.7%) and a specificity of 97.2% (lower bound 96.2%) in pools with ≤25 swabs, relative to individual testing.This approach offers a significant scale-up in sampling and testing throughput and savings in testing cost, without reducing sensitivity or affecting the standard PCR testing laboratory routine. It can be used in school classes, airplanes, hospitals, military units, and workplaces, and may be applicable to future pandemics.
Engineering the New Age
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
E-cigarette use and the risk of bladder and lung cancer.
Authors: Michael Joseph Herriges, Ruben Pinkhasov, Oleg Shapiro, Joseph M Jacob, Alina Basnet, Gennady Bratslavsky, Hanan Goldberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

443 Background: Electronic cigarette smoking and similar novel smoking modalities have raised questions about their impact on various cancers compared with traditional forms of tobacco smoking. Tobacco smoking has been concretely proven to increase the risk of many cancers, including lung (LCa) and bladder (BCa) cancer. To date, there is little data on how e-cigarette smoking impacts the incidence of these cancers. We investigated whether any disparities exist in the prevalence of LCa and BCa between various smoking histories using a US nationally representative data source. Methods: This cross-sectional survey-based US study included men and women aged 18+ from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) database between 2016-2018. Primary endpoint was self-reported occurrence of LCa and BCa diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed possible association of various covariates with diagnosis of these cancers. Results: Prevalence of BCa and LCa was higher in all smoking histories compared to never smokers. Patients with a history of e-cigarette smoking vs. no history of e-cigarette smoking were significantly younger at BCa diagnosis (56.87 [±9.86] vs. 65.00 [±12.60] years, p=0.001). Multivariable logistic regression models showed that a history of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette smoking individually was associated with increased ORs of 2.476 (p≤0.001) and 1.577 (p≤0.001) for BCa diagnosis, respectively, and 4.589 (p≤0.001) and 1.614 (p=0.007) for LCa diagnosis, respectively. Conclusions: Compared to never smokers, history of e-cigarette smoking was associated with increased risk of LCa and BCa development and earlier BCa diagnosis. Additional studies are needed to better define the public health effects of these novel and unregulated products.
ON DISTICHIASIS
Authors: W. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1853)

MARCH 11, to, or accompanying, certain cardiac or aneurismal diseases, it may be considered as originating in an imperfect elaboration of the blood-plasma, or other reparative con- stituent ; the constitutional vice in the organs engaged being related to defective assimilation and renovation, rather than to change connected with the process of decay,the result of decomposition and rearrangement of the elementary con- stituents, independent of any further addition ab extra.The tern ;' degeneration" as now used, appears to imply hut one purely chemical sourceof textural change,but maywith equal (if not greater) probability be referred to inadequate re- newal or reproduction of tissue, arising out of abnormal conditions of cell-growth, and defective formative power in the in-coming nutritive pabulum.Chemical authorities are at issue as to whether or not azotised and non-azotised blood- constituents are respectively convertible; the animal organ- isnilbeing, however, pre-eminently a reducing apparatus.Now, although the inyoline of muscular fibre becomes re- placed by oily particles, in faLtty metamorphosis, we have hereby no positive (only analogical or presumptive) proof of a conversion of the formier into the latter having taken )lace.An excess of adipose material, favourable to fatty deposition, may obtain from its decreased con-tumpttion, through inaction of the liver, lungs,skin,and kidneys.Again, excess of oily constituents nlay result fromt cowversion of the more animalised components of the tissues, in their removal from the systemn by the agency of the liver, as stated by A. Bernard.This, however, is effected bly landular activity, and bears little analogy to that change, which ensucs in organic matter removed out of the sphere of action of the living organism.In the latter case, the play of chemical af-
Nucleic acid aptamer controls mycoplasma infection for inhibiting the malignancy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yibin Zhang, Hui Zhang, Xing Sun, Tianhuan Peng, Tiantian Xie, Yijun Yuan, Junxiao Guo, Yinglei Chen, Lingli Zhou, Neng Ling, Hui Li, Ling Li, Lin Zhang, Xiaodong Li, Long Liang, Jing Liu, Mao Ye, Weihong Tan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2022)

Esophageal cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors of the digestive tract, among which esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main pathological type worldwide. Previous studies have shown microbial infections in the upper digestive tract to be a potential risk factor in ESCC etiology. In this study, we identified that Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection promoted the malignancy of ESCC. In response, we generated a single-stranded DNA aptamer, ZY3A, against M. hyorhinis using the cell-SELEX strategy. The underlying recognition mechanism of ZY3A on M. hyorhinis involves its binding to M. hyorhinis-specific p37 protein. This tool allowed us to provide the first proof-of-concept evidence using a nucleic acid aptamer to control mycoplasma infection. More specifically, we found that ZY3A could neutralize M. hyorhinis infection on ESCC cells by blocking the interaction between p37 protein and its receptor TLR4 on the ESCC cell membrane. As a result, ZY3A inhibited the migration and invasion of M. hyorhinis-infected ESCC cells in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that aptamer ZY3A is a potential candidate for development into a novel molecular tool for treatment of M. hyorhinis infection and a safe first-in-class M. hyorhinis-targeting antitumor agent. Esophageal cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors of the digestive tract, among which esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main pathological type worldwide. Previous studies have shown microbial infections in the upper digestive tract to be a potential risk factor in ESCC etiology. In this study, we identified that Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection promoted the malignancy of ESCC. In response, we generated a single-stranded DNA aptamer, ZY3A, against M. hyorhinis using the cell-SELEX strategy. The underlying recognition mechanism of ZY3A on M. hyorhinis involves its binding to M. hyorhinis-specific p37 protein. This tool allowed us to provide the first proof-of-concept evidence using a nucleic acid aptamer to control mycoplasma infection. More specifically, we found that ZY3A could neutralize M. hyorhinis infection on ESCC cells by blocking the interaction between p37 protein and its receptor TLR4 on the ESCC cell membrane. As a result, ZY3A inhibited the migration and invasion of M. hyorhinis-infected ESCC cells in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that aptamer ZY3A is a potential candidate for development into a novel molecular tool for treatment of M. hyorhinis infection and a safe first-in-class M. hyorhinis-targeting antitumor agent.
Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Fausto Rosa, Sergio Alfieri
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

To the Editor We read with great interest the article by Huang et al1 who updated the 5-year overall survival data from the Chinese Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgical Study (CLASS-01) trial of laparoscopic vs open distal gastrectomy among patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC).
Quantifying absolute benefit of adjuvant treatments in renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and network-meta-analysis.
Authors: Qurat Ul Ain Riaz Sipra, Syed Arsalan Ahmed Naqvi, Mahnoor Islam, Noureen Asghar, Rabbia Siddiqi, Waleed Ikram, Parminder Singh, Wenxin Xu, Thai Huu Ho, Alan Haruo Bryce, Irbaz Bin Riaz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

360 Background: Pembrolizumab has been established as an effective treatment option in adjuvant renal cell carcinoma after the publication of KEYNOTE-564. However, the magnitude of benefit based on different risk categories is not well defined. Methods: We included full-text publications of phase II/III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in adjuvant renal cell carcinoma after a systematic search. The outcomes of interest included disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), all grade or grade ≥3 treatment related, and all cause adverse events. Mixed treatment comparisons were computed through a fixed-effect multivariate meta-regression within the frequent framework. Relative treatment rankings were assessed using P-scores. We used stratified baseline risks of disease progression from observational data and at 5, 10, 15 years from the Leibovich risk stratification system (based on risk scores ranging from 0 to ≥15). Corresponding intervention risks (CIRs) were then approximated using relative effect estimates (from NMA) and baseline risks. The difference between CIRs and baseline risks were calculated to present absolute risk differences in each baseline category. Results: This NMA included six RCTs with a total of 7525 participants and five unique treatment options. Mixed treatment comparisons showed significant DFS and OS benefit with pembrolizumab (rank 1) when compared against sunitinib (DFS HR 0.74 [0.55-0.99]; OS HR 0.51 [0.27-0.94]). However, there were no significant differences with pembrolizumab compared to pazopanib (DFS HR 0.81 [0.60- 1.09]; OS HR 0.54[0.29-1.01]) and axitinib (DFS HR 0.78 [0.54-1.14]; OS HR 0.52 [0.24-1.16]). The safety profiles were comparable. Absolute benefit of TKIs in adjuvant setting was minimal whereas this benefit increased with higher T and N patients in patients treated with pembrolizumab (Table). Similarly, the treatment benefit increased with higher Leibovich’s risk scores at 5, 10 and 15 years of follow up. Conclusions: The current analysis suggests that a risk adapted approach may be useful when considering adjuvant pembrolizumab in RCC patients.[Table: see text]