tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF AT LEAST HALF-TARGET DISCHARGE DOSES OF GUIDELINE DIRECTED MEDICAL THERAPY AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Dennis Grewal, Dante Garcia, Gary Fraser, Antoine Sakr, Liset Stoletniy, Rod Partow-Navid, Joshua Coney, Dmitry Abramov
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Abstract 13972: Mortality in Patients With Marfan and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Apas Aggarwal, Divyang Patel, Anirudh Kumar, Kevin Chen, Erika Hutt, Lars Svensson, Eric E Roselli, Mohammed Kanj, Ayman Hussein, Oussama M Wazni, Milind Desai, Vidyasagar Kalahasti
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) are at increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) due to the fibrillin defect leading to atrial fibrosis, postoperative inflammatory state, and ass...
Multi-Omics Approaches to Define Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Mark C. Blaser, Simon Kraler, Thomas F. Lüscher, Elena Aikawa
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

Calcific aortic valve disease sits at the confluence of multiple world-wide epidemics of aging, obesity, diabetes, and renal dysfunction, and its prevalence is expected to nearly triple over the next 3 decades. This is of particularly dire clinical relevance, as calcific aortic valve disease can progress rapidly to aortic stenosis, heart failure, and eventually premature death. Unlike in atherosclerosis, and despite the heavy clinical toll, to date, no pharmacotherapy has proven effective to halt calcific aortic valve disease progression, with invasive and costly aortic valve replacement representing the only treatment option currently available. This substantial gap in care is largely because of our still-limited understanding of both normal aortic valve biology and the key regulatory mechanisms that drive disease initiation and progression. Drug discovery is further hampered by the inherent intricacy of the valvular microenvironment: a unique anatomic structure, a complex mixture of dynamic biomechanical forces, and diverse and multipotent cell populations collectively contributing to this currently intractable problem. One promising and rapidly evolving tactic is the application of multiomics approaches to fully define disease pathogenesis. Herein, we summarize the application of (epi)genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to the study of valvular heart disease. We also discuss recent forays toward the omics-based characterization of valvular (patho)biology at single-cell resolution; these efforts promise to shed new light on cellular heterogeneity in healthy and diseased valvular tissues and represent the potential to efficaciously target and treat key cell subpopulations. Last, we discuss systems biology- and network medicine-based strategies to extract meaning, mechanisms, and prioritized drug targets from multiomics datasets.
Factors Associated With Access to and Timing of Coronavirus Testing Among US Adults After Onset of Febrile Illness
Authors: Mark J. Pletcher, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Noah D. Peyser, Madelaine Faulkner Modrow, Feng Lin, Jeffrey Martin, Thomas Carton, Alexis L. Beatty, Eric Vittinghoff, Gregory M. Marcus
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Active SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus) transmission continues in the US. It is unclear whether better access to coronavirus testing and more consistent use of testing could substantially reduce transmission. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe coronavirus testing in persons with new onset of febrile illness and analyze whether there are changes over time and differences by race and ethnicity. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study used data from the COVID-19 Citizen Science Study, launched in March 2020, which recruited participants via press release, word-of-mouth, and partner organizations. Participants completed daily surveys about COVID-19 symptoms and weekly surveys about coronavirus testing. All adults (aged at least 18 years) with a smartphone were eligible to join. For this analysis, US participants with new onset of febrile illness from April 2020 to October 2020 were included. Data analysis was performed from November 2020 to March 2021. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Receipt of a coronavirus test result within 7 days of febrile illness onset. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 2679 participants included in this analysis, the mean (SD) age was 46.3 (13.4) years, 1983 were female (74%), 2017 were college educated (75%), and a total of 3865 distinct new febrile illness episodes were reported (300 episodes [7.8%] from Hispanic participants, 71 episodes [1.8%] from Black participants, and 3494 episodes [90.4%] from not Black, not Hispanic participants) between April 2 and October 23, 2020. In weekly surveys delivered during the 14 days after fever onset, 12% overall (753 participants) indicated receipt of a test result. Using serial survey responses and parametric time-to-event modeling, it was estimated that by 7 days after onset of febrile illness, a total of 20.5% (95% CI, 19.1%-22.0%) had received a test result. This proportion increased from 9.8% (95% CI, 7.5%-12.0%) early in the epidemic to 24.1% (95% CI, 21.5%-26.7%) at the end of July, but testing rates did not substantially improve since then, increasing to 25.9% (95% CI; 21.6%-30.3%) in late October at the start of the winter surge. Black participants reported receiving a test result about half as often as others (7% [7 of 103] of survey responses vs 12% [53 of 461] for Hispanic vs 13% [693 of 5516] for not Black, not Hispanic;<i>P</i> = .03). This association was not statistically significant in adjusted time-to-event models (hazard ratio = 0.59 vs not Black, not Hispanic participants; 95% CI, 0.26-1.34). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Systematic underuse of coronavirus testing was observed in this cohort study through late October 2020, at the beginning of the winter COVID-19 surge, which may have contributed to preventable coronavirus transmission.
MORTALITY AND GUIDELINE DIRECTED MEDICAL THERAPY IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION: EVIDENCE FROM REAL WORLD DATA
Authors: Peter A. McCullough, Hirsch Mehta, Colin Barker, Joanna Van Houten, Sarah Mollenkopf, Candace Gunnarsson, Michael Ryan, David Cork
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Association of Facial Paralysis With mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Lucie Renoud, Charles Khouri, Bruno Revol, Marion Lepelley, Justine Perez, Matthieu Roustit, Jean-Luc Cracowski
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

This disproportionality analysis uses the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database to explore the potential safety signal of facial paralysis after COVID-19 vaccination.
Four-Month Rifapentine Regimens with or without Moxifloxacin for Tuberculosis
Authors: Susan E. Dorman, Payam Nahid, Ekaterina V. Kurbatova, Patrick P.J. Phillips, Kia Bryant, Kelly E. Dooley, Melissa Engle, Stefan V. Goldberg, Ha T.T. Phan, James Hakim, John L. Johnson, Madeleine Lourens, Neil A. Martinson, Grace Muzanyi, Kim Narunsky, Sandy Nerette, Nhung V. Nguyen, Thuong H. Pham, Samuel Pierre, Anne E. Purfield, Wadzanai Samaneka, Radojka M. Savic, Ian Sanne, Nigel A. Scott, Justin Shenje, Erin Sizemore, Andrew Vernon, Ziyaad Waja, Marc Weiner, Susan Swindells, Richard E. Chaisson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Rifapentine-based regimens have potent antimycobacterial activity that may allow for a shorter course in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis.
Microbiota regulate innate immune signaling and protective immunity against cancer
Authors: Changsheng Xing, Mingjun Wang, Adebusola A. Ajibade, Peng Tan, Chuntang Fu, Lang Chen, Motao Zhu, Zhao-Zhe Hao, Junjun Chu, Xiao Yu, Bingnan Yin, Jiahui Zhu, Wan-Jou Shen, Tianhao Duan, Helen Y. Wang, Rong-Fu Wang
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2021)
BETTER LATE THAN NEVER: A TTE, TEE AND CT ANGIOGRAPHY LATER … TORN TO SHREDS
Authors: Kunwar Kaur, Prem Patel, Parminder Kaur, Habib Ahmad Habib, Tamer Akel, Balraj Singh, Hartaj Virk, Surabhi Atreja, Fayez Shamoon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
A Pharmacological and Clinical Overview of Oral Semaglutide for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Andreas Andersen, Filip Krag Knop, Tina Vilsbøll
Journal: Drugs (2021)

Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus®) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) with 94% homology to human GLP-1. It is the first GLP-1RA developed for oral administration, and it comprises a co-formulation of the peptide semaglutide with the absorption enhancer sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl] amino) caprylate, which overcomes the challenges of peptide absorption in the acidic conditions of the stomach. Oral semaglutide is indicated for use as an add-on combination therapy (with other glucose-lowering agents, including insulin) or as a monotherapy (in patients who are intolerant to metformin) for type 2 diabetes when diet and exercise do not provide adequate glycemic control. In an extensive phase III clinical program including patients from across the disease spectrum, treatment with oral semaglutide resulted in effective glycemic control, reductions in body weight, and decreases in systolic blood pressure when used as monotherapy or in combination with other glucose-lowering therapies. Studies showed that oral semaglutide was well tolerated, with a safety profile consistent with the GLP-1RA drug class. The risk of hypoglycemia was low, and the most common adverse events were gastrointestinal, with nausea and diarrhea generally being the most frequently reported manifestations. Cardiovascular (CV) safety was shown to be noninferior to placebo and observations suggest that the CV profile of oral semaglutide is likely to be similar to that of subcutaneous semaglutide. The evolution of the GLP-1RA class to include an oral agent could facilitate the use of these agents earlier in the diabetes treatment cascade owing to wider acceptance from patients and healthcare professionals.
Mammals with Small Populations Do Not Exhibit Larger Genomes
Authors: Adam B Roddy, David Alvarez-Ponce, Scott W Roy
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Genome size in cellular organisms varies by six orders of magnitude, yet the cause of this large variation remains unexplained. The influential Drift-Barrier Hypothesis proposes that large genomes tend to evolve in small populations due to inefficient selection. However, to our knowledge no explicit tests of the Drift-Barrier Hypothesis have been reported. We performed the first explicit test, by comparing estimated census population size and genome size in mammals while incorporating potential covariates and the effect of shared evolutionary history. We found a lack of correlation between census population size and genome size among 199 species of mammals. These results suggest that population size is not the predominant factor influencing genome size and that the Drift-Barrier Hypothesis should be considered provisional.
TOP 100 SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCERS IN THE FIELD OF CARDIOLOGY
Authors: Onoriode Kesiena, Henry Onyeaka, Joseph Atarere, Emmanuella Salia, Akintayo Akinleye, Chike C. Udoye, Oluwaseun Famojuro, Setri Fugar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Abstract 15812: Pediatric Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Children and Adolescents Enrolled in the CAscade SCreening for Awareness and DEtection Registry
Authors: Sarah D de Ferranti, Emily C O’Brien, Iris Kindt, Sarah Clauss, Joshua W Knowles, Amy L Peterson, Irwin Benuck, Zahid S Ahmad, Lisa C Hudgins, Samuel S Gidding, Daniel J Rader, MacRae F Linton, Christie M Ballantyne, P. B Duell, Michael D Shapiro, Matthew T Roe, Peter Shrader, Katherine Wilemon, William Neal
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in US youth is not well described. CAscade SCreening for Awareness and Detection of FH (CASCADE FH) is a registry designed to address this knowledge...
MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK IN A PATIENT WITH THYROID STORM AND METHAMPHETAMINE ASSOCIATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Sagar Patel, Alexander O. Gong, Shawn Shah, Sonia Rodrigues, Saul Barajas, Jena Pizula, Jonathan LoPresti, Parveen Garg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
COVID-19 Precautions Are Scarce in Non–Health Care Workplaces: The Journal of the American Medical Association
Authors: Bridget M. M. S. J. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Less than half of US workers in non-health care fields had COVID-19 prevention measures in place at work as of June 2020, based on an online survey of 4000 US, nonremote workers  The CDC recommends that workers who aren't able to work remotely use physical barriers, cloth face masks, or other personal protective equipment to prevent COVID-19 transmission  In addition, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration may also require protective measures  Yet only about 46% of employees with in-person jobs outside of the health care sector used COVID-19 preventive measures;among them, about 56% worked for employers that mandated precautions, according to the CDC-commissioned survey  About three-quarters of workers who reported not using COVID-19 prevention measures at work said they didn't think they were needed
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS VERSUS VITAMIN K ANTAGONISTS IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND BIOPROSTHETIC VALVES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Neha Patel, Ahmed Elzanaty, Mitra Patel, Eman Elsheikh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
SINUS AND NEO-SINUS FLOW EVALUATION AFTER IMPLANTATION OF AN EVOLUT, SAPIEN 3, ACCURATE NEO AND ALLEGRA TRANSCATHETER VALVES
Authors: Hoda Hatoum, Shelley Gooden, Janarthanan Sathananthan, Scott Lilly, Abdul Rahman Ihdayhid, Vinod Thourani, Lakshmi Prasad Dasi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Application of the Fourth Universal Definition of MI Using FDA-Recommended Sex-Specific Troponin Cutoff Concentrations
Authors: Tau S. Hartikainen, Nils A. Sörensen, Alina Goßling, Paul M. Haller, Jonas Lehmacher, Tanja Zeller, Stefan Blankenberg, Dirk Westermann, Johannes T. Neumann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
EFFECTS OF ALIROCUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH RECENT ACS AND A HISTORY OF HEART FAILURE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE ODYSSEY OUTCOMES TRIAL
Authors: Harvey D. White, Gregory Schwartz, Michael Szarek, Deepak Bhatt, Vera Bittner, Chern-En Chiang, Rafael Diaz, Shaun Goodman, Robert Harrington, Johan Wouter Jukema, Megan Loy, Robert Pordy, Arsen Ristic, Khalid Yusoff, Andreas Zeiher, Philippe Gabriel Steg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Role of phosphodiesterase 1 in the pathophysiology of diseases and potential therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Arun Samidurai, Lei Xi, Anindita Das, Audra N. Iness, Navin G. Vigneshwar, Pin-Lan Li, Dinender K. Singla, Sakthivel Muniyan, Surinder K. Batra, Rakesh C. Kukreja
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2021)
DO ELECTIVE CARDIAC PROCEDURES INCREASE THE RISK OF SYMPTOMATIC COVID-19 TRANSMISSION WITH CURRENT HOSPITAL PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES?
Authors: Amy Suhotliv, Kush Patel, Justin Johannesen, Ikenna Erinne, Amandeep Loi, Alexis Okoh, Chamaka Kalutota, Nikita Mishra, Anthony Lemaire, Leonard Lee, Abdul Hakeem, Ashok Chaudhary, Subhashini Gowda, Tudor Vagaonescu, Mark Russo, Chunguang Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Occupational physical activity and longevity in working men and women in Norway: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Knut Eirik Dalene, Jakob Tarp, Randi Marie Selmer, Inger Kristine Holtermann Ariansen, Wenche Nystad, Pieter Coenen, Sigmund Alfred Anderssen, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Ulf Ekelund
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2021)

Studies suggest that high occupational physical activity increases mortality risk. However, it is unclear whether this association is causal or can be explained by a complex network of socioeconomic and behavioural factors. We aimed to examine the association between occupational physical activity and longevity, taking a complex network of confounding variables into account.In this prospective cohort study, we linked data from Norwegian population-based health examination surveys, covering all parts of Norway with data from the National Population and Housing Censuses and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. 437 378 participants (aged 18-65 years; 48·7% men) self-reported occupational physical activity (mutually exclusive groups: sedentary, walking, walking and lifting, and heavy labour) and were followed up from study entry (between February, 1974, and November, 2002) to death or end of follow-up on Dec 31, 2018, whichever came first. We estimated differences in survival time (death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer) between occupational physical activity categories using flexible parametric survival models adjusted for confounding factors.During a median of 28 years (IQR 25-31) from study entry to the end of follow-up, 74 203 (17·0%) of the participants died (all-cause mortality), of which 20 111 (27·1%) of the deaths were due to cardiovascular disease and 29 886 (40·3%) were due to cancer. Crude modelling indicated shorter mean survival times among men in physically active occupations than in those with sedentary occupations. However, this finding was reversed following adjustment for confounding factors (birth cohort, education, income, ethnicity, prevalent cardiovascular disease, smoking, leisure-time physical activity, body-mass index), with estimates suggesting that men in occupations characterised by walking, walking and lifting, and heavy labour had life expectancies equivalent to 0·4 (95% CI -0·1 to 1·0), 0·8 (0·3 to 1·3), and 1·7 (1·2 to 2·3) years longer, respectively, than men in the sedentary referent category. Results for mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer showed a similar pattern. No clear differences in survival times were observed between occupational physical activity groups in women.Our results suggest that moderate to high occupational physical activity contributes to longevity in men. However, occupational physical activity does not seem to affect longevity in women. These results might inform future physical activity guidelines for public health.The Norwegian Research Council (grant number 249932/F20).
SARS-CoV-2 in endoscopy: a potential way of microorganisms’ air transmission
Authors: Stanislas Chaussade, Rachel Hallit, Einas Abou Ali, Arthur Belle, Maximilien Barret, Romain Coriat
Journal: Gut (2021)

We read with great interest the recently published study of Boskoski et al 1 concerning the virus transmission through the endoscopes in patients with SARS-CoV-2. The authors found that the samples taken with swabs on the endoscopes immediately after the endoscopic procedure (digestive and pulmonary) were negative for COVID-19. These data are important and show that the risk of patient-to-patient contamination during endoscopy seems very low.

However, two things must be taken into account. The first one is the delay between the onset of symptoms or the first positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 and the timing of the samples’ swabs since it has been proven that the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 decreases over time. It would have been interesting to know whether SARS-CoV-2 was positive in the oropharynx of the patients at the time the endoscopy was performed.

Second, this study did not eliminate …
META ANALYSIS OF CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES OF ETHYL EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID IN DIABETES MELLITUS AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Yasar Sattar, Junaid Arshad, Bachar Ahmad, Abdul-rahman Suleiman, Waqas Ullah, Ghaith Alhatemi, Noora Alhajri, M. Chadi Alraies
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Study the lipidoid nanoparticle mediated genome editing protein delivery using 3D intestinal tissue model
Authors: Tao Yang, Haobo Han, Ying Chen, Liu Yang, Rachael Parker, Yamin Li, David L. Kaplan, Qiaobing Xu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Lipid nanoparticles are promising carriers for oral drug delivery. For bioactive cargos with intracellular targets, e.g. gene-editing proteins, it is essential for the cargo and carrier to remain complexed after crossing the epithelial layer of intestine in order for the delivery system to transport the cargos inside targeted cells. However, limited studies have been conducted to verify the integrity of cargo/carrier nanocomplexes and their capability in facilitating cargo delivery intracellularly after the nanocomplex crossing the epithelial barrier. Herein, we used a traditional 2D transwell system and a recently developed 3D tissue engineered intestine model and demonstrated the synthetic lipid nanoparticle (carrier) and protein (cargo) nanocomplexes are able to cross the epithelial layer and deliver the protein cargo inside the underneath cells. We found that the EC16-63 LNP efficiently encapsulated the GFP-Cre recombinase, penetrated the intestinal monolayer cells in both the 2D cell culture and 3D tissue models through temporarily interrupting the tight junctions between epithelial layer. After transporting across the intestinal epithelia, the EC16-63 and GFP-Cre recombinase nanocomplexes can enter the underneath cells to induce gene recombination. These results suggest that the in vitro 3D intestinal tissue model is useful for identifying effective lipid nanoparticles for potential oral drug delivery.
Role of Sex-Concordant Gene Expression in the Coevolution of Exaggerated Male and Female Genitalia in a Beetle Group
Authors: Shota Nomura, Tomochika Fujisawa, Teiji Sota
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Some sexual traits, including genitalia, have undergone coevolutionary diversification toward exaggerated states in both sexes among closely related species, but the underlying genetic mechanisms that allow correlated character evolution between the sexes are poorly understood. Here, we studied interspecific differences in gene expression timing profiles involved in the correlated evolution of corresponding male and female genital parts in three species of ground beetle in Carabus (Ohomopterus). The male and female genital parts maintain morphological matching, whereas large interspecific variation in genital part size has occurred in the genital coevolution between the sexes toward exaggeration. We analyzed differences in gene expression involved in the interspecific differences in genital morphology using whole transcriptome data from genital tissues during genital morphogenesis. We found that the gene expression variance attributed to sex was negligible for the majority of differentially expressed genes, thus exhibiting sex-concordant expression, although large variances were attributed to stage and species differences. For each sex, we obtained co-expression gene networks and hub genes from differentially expressed genes between species that might be involved in interspecific differences in genital morphology. These gene networks were common to both sexes, and both sex-discordant and sex-concordant gene expression were likely involved in species-specific genital morphology. In particular, the gene expression related to exaggerated genital size showed no significant intersexual differences, implying that the genital sizes in both sexes are controlled by the same gene network with sex-concordant expression patterns, thereby facilitating the coevolution of exaggerated genitalia between the sexes while maintaining intersexual matching.