tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic, Gender Disparities Seen in LGBT COVID-19 Vaccination Rates
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2022)

RacialandEthnic,GenderDisparitiesSeen in LGBT COVID-19 Vaccination RatesCompared with heterosexual adults, a greater proportion of gay and lesbian adults reported having received at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine, according to a report on results from a nationally representative telephone survey.By race and ethnicity, however, vaccination rates were lowest among Black lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, particularly women.Health conditions that increase the risk of developing severe COVID-19 disproportionately affect LGBT adults in the US.The report's authors noted concern because manyLGBT individuals lack health coverage, report experiencing discrimination by health care providers, or other barriers to care.To learn more about COVID-19 vaccination rates among LGBT individuals, the authors analyzed data from the National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module, a telephone survey of about 153 000 adults conducted from August 29 through October 30, 2021.About 85% of gay and lesbian adults reported having received at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine compared with approximately 76% of both heterosexual and bisexual adults.Vaccination rates did not differ between people who are transgender or nonbinary and those who are not.More
INFLUENCE OF RACE ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD TO MIDLIFE BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION: THE BOGALUSA HEART STUDY
Authors: Camilo Fernandez - Alonso, Soo Jung Kang, Ileana De Anda-Duran, Yuichiro Yano, Lydia Alvarez Bazzano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
IMPACT OF VALVULAR HEART DISEASE STAGES ON CARDIAC STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN THE COMMUNITY: THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES (ARIC) STUDY
Authors: Khaled Shelbaya, Brian Claggett, Pranav Dorbala, Hicham Skali, Scott D. Solomon, Thomas H. Mosley, Suma H. Konety, Kunihiro Matsushita, Amil M. Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Economic evaluation and analyses of hospital-based electronic medical records (EMRs): a scoping review of international literature
Authors: Kim-Huong Nguyen, Chad Wright, Digby Simpson, Leanna Woods, Tracy Comans, Clair Sullivan
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

Abstract Digital transformation is expensive and rarely smooth, often leading to higher costs than anticipated. It is challenging to demonstrate the contribution of digital health investment in achieving the healthcare aims of population health and workforce sustainability. We conducted a scoping review to understand how electronic medical record (EMR) implementations in the hospital setting have been evaluated using cost–benefit analysis (CBA) approaches. The review search resulted in 1184 unique articles, a final list of 28 was collated of which 20 were US-based studies. All studies were published in 2010–2019, with fewer studies published in more recent years. The data used to estimate benefits and costs were dated from 1996 to 2016, with most data from 2000 to 2010. Only three studies were qualified as using cost–benefit analysis approaches. While studies indicated that there is a positive impact from the EMR implementation, the impacts measured varied greatly. We concluded that the current literature demonstrates a lack of appropriate and comprehensive economic frameworks to understand the value of digital hospital implementations. Additionally, most studies failed to align fully to the quadruple aims of healthcare: they focused either on cost savings and/or improved patient outcomes and population health, none investigated healthcare-workforce sustainability.
UNIQUE CASE OF LARGE BIATRIAL THROMBUS IN TRANSIT STRADDLING ACROSS PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AND EXTENDING INTO THE LEFT VENTRICLE ALONG WITH BILATERAL PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: Yasir Abdul Ghaffar, Irfan Zeb, Luigi Lagazzi, Marco Caccamo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
SEVERE PSEUDO-TRICUSPID VALVE STENOSIS CAUSED BY A LARGE RIGHT ATRIAL MASS IN A PATIENT WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME
Authors: Carmel Moazez, Jerome P. Yatskowitz, Lucas Chacon-Lutrick, Daniel Maoz-Metzl, Brian D. Castlemain, Edgar Fischer, Carlos Adalberto Roldan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Opponent control of behavior by dorsomedial striatal pathways depends on task demands and internal state
Authors: Scott S. Bolkan, Iris R. Stone, Lucas Pinto, Zoe C. Ashwood, Jorge M. Iravedra Garcia, Alison L. Herman, Priyanka Singh, Akhil Bandi, Julia Cox, Christopher A. Zimmerman, Jounhong Ryan Cho, Ben Engelhard, Jonathan W. Pillow, Ilana B. Witten
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2022)
CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF MALIGNANT CARDIAC MASSES: A TERTIARY CARE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Shravani Gangidi, Erika Hutt, Gosta Pettersson, Shinya Unai, A. Marc Gillinov, Lars G. Svensson, Patrick Collier, Zoran Popovic, Brian P. Griffin, L. Leonardo Rodriguez, Milind Y. Desai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Probiotic peanut oral immunotherapy versus oral immunotherapy and placebo in children with peanut allergy in Australia (PPOIT-003): a multicentre, randomised, phase 2b trial
Authors: Paxton Loke, Francesca Orsini, Adriana C Lozinsky, Michael Gold, Michael D O'Sullivan, Patrick Quinn, Melanie Lloyd, Sarah E Ashley, Sigrid Pitkin, Christine Axelrad, Jessica R Metcalfe, Ee Lyn Su, Dean Tey, Marnie N Robinson, Katrina J Allen, Susan L Prescott, Audrey Dunn Galvin, Mimi L K Tang, Molly O'Sullivan, Susan Fahy-Scheer, Rachael Wallace, Samara Baldwin, Fuad Abass, Kuang-Chih Hsiao, Anne-Louise Ponsonby
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2022)
Subtype Classification of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Using Liver MR Imaging Features and Its Prognostic Value
Authors: Sungeun Park, Youngeun Lee, Haeryoung Kim, Mi Hye Yu, Eun Sun Lee, Jeong Hee Yoon, Ijin Joo, Jeong Min Lee
Journal: Liver Cancer (2022)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Small-duct (SD) and large-duct (LD) subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma have been investigated for their prognostic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating SD and LD types of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and its prognostic value in predicting survival outcomes. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; One hundred forty patients with surgically confirmed iCCAs (93 SD type and 47 LD type) who had available preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MR images were retrospectively included. MRI features suggestive of the LD type over the SD type were analyzed using multivariate logistic analyses. Postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) for 107 patients with available survival data were compared according to MRI features. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; MRI features suggestive of the LD type included infiltrative contour (odds ratio [OR] 14.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–81.7, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003), diffuse biliary dilatation (OR 9.7, 95% CI: 1.2–76.9, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.032), no arterial phase hyperenhancement (OR 17.8, 95% CI: 2.7–118.6, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003), and vascular invasion (OR 4.5, 95% CI: 1.3–15.4, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.018). When two or more features were combined, sensitivity was 59.6% (28/47), and specificity was 95.7% (89/93) in discriminating the LD type. RFS/OS was significantly shorter in patients with two or more MRI features, compared to those with none or one (310 days vs. 529 days, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.011/964 days vs. 2,023 days, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Preoperative liver MRI may help predict the pathological subtype of iCCAs as either the SD type or LD type, allowing preoperative identification of patients with poorer survival outcomes.
All-stage targeted therapy for glioblastoma based on lipid membrane coated cabazitaxel nanocrystals
Authors: Sunyi Wu, Linwei Lu, Jianfen Zhou, Danni Ran, Songli Wang, Qianzhu Xu, Weixia Xu, Jun Wang, Yu Liu, Cao Xie, Zimiao Luo, Weiyue Lu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)
THE ASSOCIATION OF FRAILTY WITH RISK FOR INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN HIGH NEED HIGH RISK OLDER VETERANS WITH AORTIC STENOSIS.
Authors: Gustavo A. Vargas, Jilla Azarbal, Andria Chada, Iriana Hammel, Natasha Resendes, Victor Cevallos, Fei Tang, Jorge G. Ruiz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Prone positioning of patients with moderate hypoxaemia due to covid-19: multicentre pragmatic randomised trial (COVID-PRONE)
Authors: Michael Fralick, Michael Colacci, Laveena Munshi, Kevin Venus, Lee Fidler, Haseena Hussein, Karen Britto, Rob Fowler, Bruno R da Costa, Irfan Dhalla, Richard Dunbar-Yaffe, Leora Branfield Day, Thomas E MacMillan, Jonathan Zipursky, Travis Carpenter, Terence Tang, Amanda Cooke, Rachel Hensel, Melissa Bregger, Alexis Gordon, Erin Worndl, Stephanie Go, Keren Mandelzweig, Lana A Castellucci, Daniel Tamming, Fahad Razak, Amol A Verma
Journal: BMJ (2022)

To assess the effectiveness of prone positioning to reduce the risk of death or respiratory failure in non-critically ill patients admitted to hospital with covid-19.Multicentre pragmatic randomised clinical trial.15 hospitals in Canada and the United States from May 2020 until May 2021.Eligible patients had a laboratory confirmed or a clinically highly suspected diagnosis of covid-19, needed supplemental oxygen (up to 50% fraction of inspired oxygen), and were able to independently lie prone with verbal instruction. Of the 570 patients who were assessed for eligibility, 257 were randomised and 248 were included in the analysis.Patients were randomised 1:1 to prone positioning (that is, instructing a patient to lie on their stomach while they are in bed) or standard of care (that is, no instruction to adopt prone position).The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death, mechanical ventilation, or worsening respiratory failure defined as needing at least 60% fraction of inspired oxygen for at least 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included the change in the ratio of oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen.The trial was stopped early on the basis of futility for the pre-specified primary outcome. The median time from hospital admission until randomisation was 1 day, the median age of patients was 56 (interquartile range 45-65) years, 89 (36%) patients were female, and 222 (90%) were receiving oxygen via nasal prongs at the time of randomisation. The median time spent prone in the first 72 hours was 6 (1.5-12.8) hours in total for the prone arm compared with 0 (0-2) hours in the control arm. The risk of the primary outcome was similar between the prone group (18 (14%) events) and the standard care group (17 (14%) events) (odds ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 1.92). The change in the ratio of oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen after 72 hours was similar for patients randomised to prone positioning and standard of care.Among non-critically ill patients with hypoxaemia who were admitted to hospital with covid-19, a multifaceted intervention to increase prone positioning did not improve outcomes. However, wide confidence intervals preclude definitively ruling out benefit or harm. Adherence to prone positioning was poor, despite multiple efforts to increase it. Subsequent trials of prone positioning should aim to develop strategies to improve adherence to awake prone positioning.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04383613.
OUTCOMES OF TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION IN FEMALES VS. MALES WITH SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Waqas Ullah, Anum Babar, David Song, Fatima Hassan, Muhammad Atif Ameer, Muhammad Hanif, Taif Khattak, Ihtisham Qayum, Hamza Zahid Ullah Muhammadzai, Arslan Inayat, Salim S. Virani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
LEFT VENTRICULAR MORPHOLOGY, REMODELING, AND DIASTOLIC FUNCTION TRENDS ACROSS LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION SUBGROUPS IN WOMEN WITH ISCHEMIA AND NO OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: RESULTS FROM THE WOMEN’S ISCHEMIA SYNDROME EVALUATION - CORONARY VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION STUDY
Authors: Joanne Michelle D. Gomez, Marie Lauzon, Okezi Obrutu, Jenna Maughan, Michael D. Nelson, Chrisandra Shufelt, Eileen M. Handberg, Carl J. Pepine, Janet Wei, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
THE IMPACT OF OBESITY ON OUTCOMES IN ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION
Authors: Trey Feldeisen, George C. Hughes, Derek Brinster, Alan C. Braverman, Bradley Leshnower, Raffi Bekeredjian, Truls Myrmel, George J. Arnaoutakis, Chih-Wen Pai, Ali B. Khoynezhad, Takeyoshi Ota, Mark David Peterson, William Brinkman, Arturo Evangelista, Eric M. Isselbacher, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Neural Algorithms and Circuits for Motor Planning
Authors: Hidehiko K. Inagaki, Susu Chen, Kayvon Daie, Arseny Finkelstein, Lorenzo Fontolan, Sandro Romani, Karel Svoboda
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2022)

The brain plans and executes volitional movements. The underlying patterns of neural population activity have been explored in the context of movements of the eyes, limbs, tongue, and head in nonhuman primates and rodents. How do networks of neurons produce the slow neural dynamics that prepare specific movements and the fast dynamics that ultimately initiate these movements? Recent work exploits rapid and calibrated perturbations of neural activity to test specific dynamical systems models that are capable of producing the observed neural activity. These joint experimental and computational studies show that cortical dynamics during motor planning reflect fixed points of neural activity (attractors). Subcortical control signals reshape and move attractors over multiple timescales, causing commitment to specific actions and rapid transitions to movement execution. Experiments in rodents are beginning to reveal how these algorithms are implemented at the level of brain-wide neural circuits.
Re: Qing Cheng, William Butler, Yinglu Zhou, et al. Pre-existing Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer–like Cells in Primary Prostate Cancer Promote Resistance to Hormonal Therapy. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.039
Authors: Isabel Heidegger, Andreas Pircher
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Indigenous microbiota protects development of medication-related osteonecrosis induced by periapical disease in mice
Authors: Wen Du, Mengyu Yang, Terresa Kim, Sol Kim, Drake W. Williams, Maryam Esmaeili, Christine Hong, Ki-Hyuk Shin, Mo K. Kang, No-Hee Park, Reuben H. Kim
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2022)

Abstract Bacterial infection is a common finding in patients, who develop medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) by the long-term and/or high-dose use of anti-resorptive agents such as bisphosphonate (BPs). However, pathological role of bacteria in MRONJ development at the early stage remains controversial. Here, we demonstrated that commensal microbiota protects against MRONJ development in the pulp-exposed periapical periodontitis mouse model. C57/BL6 female mice were treated with intragastric broad-spectrum antibiotics for 1 week. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) through intravenous injection and antibiotics in drinking water were administered for throughout the experiment. Pulp was exposed on the left maxillary first molar, then the mice were left for 5 weeks after which bilateral maxillary first molar was extracted and mice were left for additional 3 weeks to heal. All mice were harvested, and cecum, maxilla, and femurs were collected. ONJ development was assessed using μCT and histologic analyses. When antibiotic was treated in mice, these mice had no weight changes, but developed significantly enlarged ceca compared to the control group (CTL mice). Periapical bone resorption prior to the tooth extraction was similarly prevented when treated with antibiotics, which was confirmed by decreased osteoclasts and inflammation. ZOL treatment with pulp exposure significantly increased bone necrosis as determined by empty lacunae and necrotic bone amount. Furthermore, antibiotics treatment could further exacerbate bone necrosis, with increased osteoclast number. Our findings suggest that the commensal microbiome may play protective role, rather than pathological role, in the early stages of MRONJ development.
Low Daily Step Count Is Associated With a High Risk of Hospital Admission and Death in Community-Dwelling Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Fei-Pi Lin, Pamela M. Bloomer, Rachel K. Grubbs, Bonny Rockette-Wagner, Amit D. Tevar, Michael A. Dunn, Andres Duarte-Rojo
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
Phase Ib/II Trial of Ribociclib in Combination with Binimetinib in Patients with <i>NRAS</i>-mutant Melanoma
Authors: Martin Schuler, Lisa Zimmer, Kevin B. Kim, Jeffrey A. Sosman, Paolo A. Ascierto, Michael A. Postow, Filip Y.F.L. De Vos, Carla M.L. van Herpen, Matteo S. Carlino, Douglas B. Johnson, Carola Berking, Micaela B. Reddy, Allison S. Harney, Jordan D. Berlin, Rodabe N. Amaria
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: Enhanced MAPK pathway signaling and cell-cycle checkpoint dysregulation are frequent in NRAS-mutant melanoma and, as such, the regimen of the MEK inhibitor binimetinib and the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib is a rational combination. Patients and Methods: This is a phase Ib/II, open-label study of ribociclib + binimetinib in patients with NRAS-mutant melanoma (NCT01781572). Primary objectives were to estimate the MTD/recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of the combination (phase Ib) and to characterize combination antitumor activity at the RP2D (phase II). Tumor genomic characterization and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics were also evaluated. Results: Ten patients (16.4%) experienced dose-limiting toxicities in cycle 1 of phase Ib. Overall response rate in the phase II cohort (n = 41) for the selected RP2D (binimetinib 45 mg twice daily + ribociclib 200 mg once daily, 21 days on/7 days off) was 19.5% [8/41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8.8–34.9]. The response rate was 32.5% (13/40; 95% CI, 20.1–48.0) in patients with NRAS mutation with concurrent alterations of CDKN2A, CDK4, or CCND1. Median progression-free survival was 3.7 months (95% CI, 3.5–5.6) and median overall survival was 11.3 months (95% CI, 9.3–14.2) for all patients. Common treatment-related toxicities included creatine phosphokinase elevation, rash, edema, anemia, nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue. Pharmacokinetics and safety were consistent with single-agent data, supporting a lack of drug–drug interaction. Conclusions: Ribociclib + binimetinib can be safely administered and is clinically active in patients with NRAS-mutant melanoma. Co-mutations of cell-cycle genes may define a population with greater likelihood of treatment benefit. See related commentary by Moschos, p. 2977
Post–COVID-19 Unusual Inflammatory Syndromes Detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT Scan
Authors: Melvika Pereira, Divya Shivdasani, Debdip Roy, Rachita Rungta, Shreya Dang, Natasha Singh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 is primarily known to cause respiratory symptoms. However, in this global COVID-19 pandemic, we have come across many extrapulmonary manifestations during and in the immediate post-COVID phase such as gastrointestinal symptoms, kidney and liver injury, myocardial dysfunction and acute coronary syndromes, and neurological, thromboembolic, dermatological, and musculoskeletal disorders. We present 2 such unusual cases of post-COVID complications-diffuse panniculitis and inflammatory myositis, as well as their clinical and FDG PET/CT imaging features.
ATP-exhausted nanocomplexes for intratumoral metabolic intervention and photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Mian Yu, Weiwei Zeng, Yaqi Ouyang, Shu Liang, Yunfei Yi, Huisong Hao, Jiayin Yu, Yang Liu, Yichu Nie, Tianqi Wang, Yang Deng, Meiying Wu
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Ethical Considerations for Phase I Trials in Oncology
Authors: Merlin Bittlinger, Selin Bicer, Jeffrey Peppercorn, Jonathan Kimmelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Phase I trials often represent the first occasion where new cancer strategies are tested in patients. Various developments in cancer biology, methodology, regulation, and medical ethics have altered the ethical landscape of such trials. We provide a narrative review of contemporary ethical challenges in design, conduct, and reporting of phase I cancer trials and outline recommendations for addressing each. We organized our review around four topics, supplementing the first three with scoping reviews: (1) benefit/risk, (2) research biopsies, (3) therapeutic misconception and misestimation, and (4) reporting. The main ethical challenges of conducting phase I trials stem from three issues. First, phase I trials often involve higher research burden and scientific uncertainty compared with other cancer trials. Second, many patients arrive at phase I trials at a transitional point in their illness trajectory where they have exhausted standard survival-extending options. Third, phase I trial results play a major role in informing downstream drug development and regulatory decisions. Together, these issues create distinct pressures for study design, ethical review, informed consent, and reporting. Developments in methodology, regulation, cancer biology, and ethical awareness have helped mitigate some of these challenges, while introducing others. We conclude our review with a series of recommendations regarding trial design, ethical review, consent, and reporting. We also outline several unresolved questions that, if addressed, would strengthen the ethical foundation of phase I cancer trials.
De Motu Cordis
Authors: James M. Dowaliby
Journal: JAMA (2022)

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IMPACT OF PHONOCARDIOGRAPHY ON STANDARDIZED AUSCULTATION ASSESSMENT PERFORMANCE BY MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Matthew Nazari, Vibhu Chandrashekhar, Richard C. Collier, Joby Jacob, Jaeil Ahn, Rosenblum Jared, Venkatesh Raman, Erin Farrish
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Queering global health: an urgent call for LGBT+ affirmative practices
Authors: Suntosh R Pillay, Joachim M Ntetmen, Juan A Nel
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

This Viewpoint was submitted in response to the call for papers on the theme "What is wrong with global health?". We answer the question simply: global health under-represents the experiences of LGBT+ people. Queer contexts are missing from the pages of this journal-a strange exclusion given the journal's commitment to diversity and inclusion of marginalised voices. Indeed, there is a general neglect within global health scholarship of the intersection between health inequities and LGBT+ populations in low-income and middle-income countries in Africa. This Viewpoint discusses the utility of LGBT-affirmative scholarship developed in South Africa, and its use and application in Nigeria and Cameroon.