tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complexities of Reperfusion Therapy in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Pretreated With Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Alexandra L. Czap, James C. Grotta
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

This Viewpoint describes current issues with the use of thrombolysis in patients who have acute ischemic stroke but have recently been or are concurrently being treated with direct oral anticoagulation.
P44.02 Mild Interstitial Pneumonia as a Risk Factor for Chemotherapy-Induced Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Pneumonia in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: T. Umeda, H. Minemura, Y. Tanino, K. Hirai, T. Koizumi, T. Nikaido, Y. Sato, R. Togawa, T. Kawamata, N. Watanabe, H. Tomita, M. Rikimaru, J. Morimoto, Y. Suzuki, M. Uematsu, N. Fukuhara, A. Fukuhara, J. Saito, K. Kanazawa, Y. Shibata
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Novel molecular regulators of breast cancer stem cell plasticity and heterogeneity
Authors: Rui Zhang, Juchuanli Tu, Suling Liu
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2021)

Tumors consist of heterogeneous cell populations, and tumor heterogeneity plays key roles in regulating tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and resistance to anti-tumor therapies. More and more studies suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) promote tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance as well as are the major source for heterogeneity of cancer cells. CD24-CD44+ and ALDH+ are the most common markers for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Previous studies showed that different BCSC markers label different BCSC populations, indicating the heterogeneity of BCSCs. Therefore, defining the regulation mechanisms of heterogeneous BCSCs is essential for precisely targeting BCSCs and treating breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the novel regulators existed in BCSCs and their niches for BCSC heterogeneity which has been discovered in recent years, and discussed their regulation mechanisms and the latest corresponding cancer treatments, which will extend our understanding on BCSC heterogeneity and plasticity, and provide better prognosis prediction and more efficient novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
P09.02 Impact of COVID-19 in Portuguese Lung Cancer Patients’ Treatment: Portuguese Lung Cancer Study Group Survey
Authors: F. Estevinho, A. Figueiredo, F. Barata, A. Barroso, U. Brito, E. Camacho, T. Cardoso, P. Costa, A.L. Faria, M. Felizardo, G. Fernandes, L. Ferreira, P. Fidalgo, M.M. Figueiredo, R. Gomes, J.C. Mellidez, J. Oliveira, B. Parente, A. Pego, S. Rego, S. Simões, M. Soares, E. Teixeira, M.S. Valente, T. Almodovar
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Abstract 15181: Left Main Calcified Lesions as a Strong Predictor of All-Cause Death
Authors: Sirous Darabian, Michael Blaha, Seamus Whelton, Arman Homat, Rostam Vahoumeni, Yasna Nozari, Dong Li, Rine Nakanishi, Sajad Hamal, Matthew J Budoff
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Currently, coronary artery calcium (CAC) score is well recognized and recommended as level 2A for risk stratification in asymptomatic patients at intermediate risk. In this study, con...
Abstract 15948: Transgenic Overexpression of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Protects From Angiotensin II - Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Irakli Kopaliani, Natalia Jarzebska, Silke Brilloff, Anne Kolouschek, Jens Martens-Lobenhoffer, Stefanie Bode-Böger, Andreas Deussen, Norbert Weiss, Roman Rodionov
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) hydrolyzes the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). In animal models DDAH1 overexpression...
MA03.09 Can Clinical Variables be used to Provide Better Follow up in Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) Treated Lung Cancers?
Authors: N. Hatton, A. Saha, M. Beasley, K. Franks, K. Clarke, P. Jain, M. Teo, P. Murray, J. Lilley, P. Dickinson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Next generation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and beyond
Authors: Julian A. Marin-Acevedo, ErinMarie O. Kimbrough, Yanyan Lou
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2021)

The immune system is the core defense against cancer development and progression. Failure of the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Tumor cells evade immune recognition, in part, due to the immunosuppressive features of the tumor microenvironment. Immunotherapy augments the host immune system to generate an antitumor effect. Immune checkpoints are pathways with inhibitory or stimulatory features that maintain self-tolerance and assist with immune response. The most well-described checkpoints are inhibitory in nature and include the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Molecules that block these pathways to enhance the host immunologic activity against tumors have been developed and become standard of care in the treatment of many malignancies. Only a small percentage of patients have meaningful responses to these treatments, however. New pathways and molecules are being explored in an attempt to improve responses and application of immune checkpoint inhibition therapy. In this review, we aim to elucidate these novel immune inhibitory pathways, potential therapeutic molecules that are under development, and outline particular advantages and challenges with the use of each one of them.
Complete endoscopic removal of a large appendiceal orifice polyp
Authors: Joana Carvão, Diogo Libânio, Marta Rodríguez-Carrasco, Madalena Souto Moura, Luís Pedro Afonso, Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A 51-year-old man was referred to our institution for removal of a large semipedunculated polyp (0-Isp) involving the appendiceal orifice ([Fig. 1]). Previous biopsies showed a tubulovillous adenoma (TVA) with high grade dysplasia (HGD). Endoscopic resection under general anesthesia in the operating room was proposed and was agreed to by the patient. A 30-mm 0-Isp lesion extending into the appendix (> 75 % of orifice) was found, with narrowband imaging showing a regular mucosal pattern without areas suggestive of deep invasion. Different endoscopic resection techniques were discussed at this point, such as endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, the size, involvement of the appendiceal orifice, and presence of identifiable margins of the lesion favored conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) ([Video 1]).
Higher postoperative plasma EV PD-L1 predicts poor survival in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Gaopeng Li, Guoliang Wang, Fenqing Chi, Yuqi Jia, Xi Wang, Quankai Mu, Keru Qin, Xiaoxia Zhu, Jing Pang, Baixue Xu, Guangen Feng, Yuhu Niu, Tao Gong, Hongwei Zhang, Xiushan Dong, Ting Liu, Jinfeng Ma, Zefeng Gao, Kai Tao, Feng Li, Jun Xu, Baofeng Yu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

The satisfactory prognostic indicator of gastric cancer (GC) patients after surgery is still lacking. Perioperative plasma extracellular vesicular programmed cell death ligand-1 (ePD-L1) has been demonstrated as a potential prognosis biomarker in many types of cancers. The prognostic value of postoperative plasma ePD-L1 has not been characterized.We evaluated the prognostic value of preoperative, postoperative and change in plasma ePD-L1, as well as plasma soluble PD-L1, in short-term survival of GC patients after surgery. The Kaplan-Meier survival model and Cox proportional hazards models for both univariate and multivariate analyzes were used. And the comparison between postoperative ePD-L1 and conventional serum biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and CA72-4) in prognostic of GC patients was made.The prognostic value of postoperative ePD-L1 is superior to that of preoperative ePD-L1 on GC patients after resection, and also superior to that of conventional serum biomarkers (CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4). The levels of postoperative ePD-L1 and ePD-L1 change are independent prognostic factors for overall survival and recurrence free survival of GC patients. High plasma level of postoperative ePD-L1 correlates significantly with poor survival, while high change in ePD-L1 level brings the significant survival benefit.The level of plasma postoperative ePD-L1 could be considered as a candidate prognostic biomarker of GC patients after resection.
P84.09 Asian Subgroup Analysis of a Phase II Study Evaluating Lorlatinib Efficacy in Previously Treated ALK-Positive Advanced NSCLC
Authors: R. Soo, C. Lin, D. Kim, T. Seto, E. Tan, H. Hayashi, A. Abbattista, J. Martini, C.H. Wong, F. Toffalorio, B. Solomon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Author Correction: The landscape of somatic mutation in cerebral cortex of autistic and neurotypical individuals revealed by ultra-deep whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Rachel E. Rodin, Yanmei Dou, Minseok Kwon, Maxwell A. Sherman, Alissa M. D’Gama, Ryan N. Doan, Lariza M. Rento, Kelly M. Girskis, Craig L. Bohrson, Sonia N. Kim, Ajay Nadig, Lovelace J. Luquette, Doga C. Gulhan, Peter J. Park, Christopher A. Walsh
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2021)
Career Trajectories of Women From Underrepresented Minority Groups at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Alyssa F. Westring, Mary D. Sammel, Rebecca M. Speck, Lucy Wolf Tuton, Jeane Ann Grisso, Stephanie B. Abbuhl
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

were 3 times more likely to leave their positions compared with White women during only 3 years.Although these findings represent 1 institution during a defined period, they signal a need for ongoing and targeted intersectional research on attrition in medicine.A limitation of this study is that the sample size was too small to allow a detailed analysis of subsequent employment by race.Regardless of the nature of postdeparture employment, these differences suggest a mandate for every institution to closely monitor and analyze attrition data.It is clear that the host institution lost full-time faculty and diversity with these departures, along with the investments made in recruitment and early faculty support.Indeed, the success of academic institutions, as well as the future of medical research and practice, hinges on the ability to develop and implement evidenced-based initiatives that nurture and advance the careers of all faculty.
Clinical benefit of neoadjuvant anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 utilization among different tumors
Authors: Zhiyang Li, Xin Wu, Yanjie Zhao, Yinan Xiao, Yunuo Zhao, Ting Zhang, Hui Li, Fushen Sha, Yating Wang, Lei Deng, Xuelei Ma
Journal: MedComm (2021)

PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1) inhibitors utilization in neoadjuvant therapy has been assessed in tumors. This study focused on the clinical benefits of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases to identify eligible studies. Major response rate (MRR) and complete response rate (CRR) were pooled in this analysis to assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1/PD-L1 utilization, all grades and high-grade adverse events (AEs) were pooled to evaluate its safety. Twenty studies were included in this meta-analysis, with 828 patients suffering from different tumors. The pooled CRR of triple-negative breast cancer was 0.569 (95% CI 0.514, 0.624, I2 = 0%) and the pooled MRR of lung cancer was 0.471 (95% CI 0.267, 0.575, I2 = 0%). The most frequent adverse event was fatigue (0.272 95% CI 0.171, 0.402, I2 = 87%), and the most common high-grade adverse event was febrile neutropenia (0.084 95% CI 0.063, 0.112, I2 = 85%). In conclusion, neoadjuvant anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy received satisfactory clinical results in these tumors included.
<i>Organ-on-a-chip technology:</i> a novel approach to investigate cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Valentina Paloschi, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Heleen Middelkamp, Aisen Vivas, Sofia Johansson, Andries van der Meer, Maria Tenje, Lars Maegdefessel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

The development of organs-on-chip (OoC) has revolutionized in vitro cell-culture experiments by allowing a better mimicry of human physiology and pathophysiology that has consequently led researchers to gain more meaningful insights into disease mechanisms. Several models of hearts-on-chips and vessels-on-chips have been demonstrated to recapitulate fundamental aspects of the human cardiovascular system in the recent past. These 2D and 3D systems include synchronized beating cardiomyocytes in hearts-on-chips and vessels-on-chips with layer-based structures and the inclusion of physiological and pathological shear stress conditions. The opportunities to discover novel targets and to perform drug testing with chip-based platforms have substantially enhanced, thanks to the utilization of patient-derived cells and precise control of their microenvironment. These organ models will provide an important asset for future approaches to personalized cardiovascular medicine and improved patient care. However, certain technical and biological challenges remain, making the global utilization of OoCs to tackle unanswered questions in cardiovascular science still rather challenging. This review article aims to introduce and summarize published work on hearts- and vessels-on chips but also to provide an outlook and perspective on how these advanced in vitro systems can be used to tailor disease models with patient-specific characteristics.
Abstract 11146: Genetic Deletion of Elovl6 in Cardiac Myocytes Suppresses Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Remodeling Through Activation of AMPK/KLF4 Signaling
Authors: Hiroki Matsui, Hiroaki Sunaga, Yogi Umbarawan, Tasuya Iso, Norimichi Koitabashi, Takashi Matsuzaka, Hitoshi Shimano, Tomoyuki Yokoyama, Masahiko Kurabayashi
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Intracellular long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) has a crucial role in a variety of cellular functions. Our recent study demonstrated that elongase of long chain fatty acids 6 (Elovl6), cat...
Switching to riociguat versus maintenance therapy with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (REPLACE): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marius M Hoeper, Hikmet Al-Hiti, Raymond L Benza, Sung-A Chang, Paul A Corris, J Simon R Gibbs, Ekkehard Grünig, Pavel Jansa, James R Klinger, David Langleben, Vallerie V McLaughlin, Gisela M B Meyer, Jaquelina Ota-Arakaki, Andrew J Peacock, Tomás Pulido, Stephan Rosenkranz, Carmine Dario Vizza, Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf, R James White, Mikyung Chang, Frank Kleinjung, Christian Meier, Karen Paraschin, Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani, Gérald Simonneau, H Olschewski, M Delcroix, M Andrade-Lima, R de Amorim Corrêac, F Figueiredo Campos, J Ota Arakaki, G Meyer, R De Souza, D Langleben, H Al-Hiti, P Jansa, S Mellemkjær, F Bauer, D Montani, G Simonneau, D Drömann, H-A Ghofrani, E Grünig, M Halank, M Held, MM Hoeper, H Klose, N Kneidinger, H Leuchte, C Opitz, S Rosenkranz, H Wilkens, H Wirtz, H Karvounis, G Pitsiou, S Orfanos, M D'Alto, S Ghio, CD Vizza, P Vitulo, T Nakayama, H Maki, S Tatebe, M de los Rios Ibarra, T Pulido, A Van Dijk, A Vonk-Noordegraaf, T Roleder, G Castro, MJ Loureiro, S Robalo-Martins, JA Barberá, M Lázaro, GM Perez-Penate, A Román, C-C Cheng, C-H Hsu, H-H Hsu, E Atahan, N Mogulkoc Bishop, NG Okumus, Z Onen, H-J Chang, S-A Chang, J-S Lee, H-K Kim, JG Coghlan, PA Corris, AC Church, R Condliffe, JSR Gibbs, AJ Peacock, S Wort, R Allen, S Allen, R Awdish, RL Benza, S DeSouza, J Feldman, S Johri, JR Klinger, D Layish, J McConnell, VV McLaughlin, C Migliore, F Rahaghi, F Rischard, I Robbins, L Satterwhite, T Shah, R Sulica, RJ White
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)
Ignorance about Chlamydia among sexually active women - a two centre study
Authors: S Macmillan, R Walker, E Oloto, A Fitzmaurice, A Templeton
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

Chlamydia trachomatis is the micro-organism causing the most common sexually transmitted disease in the UK and Europe. The majority of female infections are asymptomatic and recognized sequelae include pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Over 1200 sexually active women from two urban centres in the UK were questioned about awareness and knowledge of Chlamydia genito-urinary infection. Awareness was poor, as half of the study population had never heard of Chlamydia. Overall, less than one-quarter demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding transmission, immunity, symptoms, and sequelae. Better knowledge was found in women over the age of 25 years, in those cohabiting, in those with a professional/management occupation, and in those attending family planning clinics. The Chief Medical Officer's Expert Advisory Group on Chlamydia (1998) has recommended opportunistic screening of asymptomatic sexually active women in the UK. This study gives insight into the considerable task facing the Department of Health, as only an informed public will take up the offer of screening. Research is urgently needed to assess the impact of different approaches to education regarding sexually transmitted infection.
Stimuli responsive and receptor targeted iron oxide based nanoplatforms for multimodal therapy and imaging of cancer: Conjugation chemistry and alternative therapeutic strategies
Authors: Namdev Dhas, Ritu Kudarha, Abhijeet Pandey, Ajinkya N. Nikam, Shilpa Sharma, Ashutosh Singh, Atul Garkal, Kartik Hariharan, Amanpreet Singh, Priyanka Bangar, Dattatray Yadhav, Dhaivat Parikh, Krutika Sawant, Srinivas Mutalik, Neha Garg, Tejal Mehta
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2021)
The Case | A 74-year-old liver transplant recipient with nephrotic-range proteinuria
Authors: Bernhard N. Bohnert, Maike Büttner-Herold, Kerstin Amann, Anja Schork, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Martina Guthoff, Nils Heyne, Silvio Nadalin, Ferruh Artunc
Journal: Kidney International (2021)
Abstract 14495: Recovery of Left Ventricular Function in Candidates of Cardiac Resynchronization Theraphy
Authors: Jung Ae Hong, Hyo In Choi, Min-Seok Kim, Sang Eun Lee, Jae-Joong Kim
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Current guideline recommends implanting Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) after at least three months of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for patients with symptomatic ...
Fast progression in non–small cell lung cancer: results from the randomized phase III OAK study evaluating second-line atezolizumab versus docetaxel
Authors: David Gandara, Martin Reck, Denis Moro-Sibilot, Julien Mazieres, Shirish Gadgeel, Stefanie Morris, Andres Cardona, Diana Mendus, Marcus Ballinger, Achim Rittmeyer, Solange Peters
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background Treatment-induced accelerated tumor growth is a progression pattern reported with immune checkpoint inhibitors that has never been evaluated in randomized phase III studies because it requires two pretreatment scans. This study aimed to develop clinically relevant and applicable criteria for fast progression (FP), incorporating tumor growth kinetics and early death from disease progression to analyze data from the randomized phase III OAK study. Methods The OAK study evaluated the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab versus docetaxel as second-line or third-line treatment for stage IIIb/IV non–small cell lung cancer. FP rates and associated baseline factors were analyzed. FP was defined as either a ≥50% increase in the sum of largest diameters (SLDs) within 6 weeks of treatment initiation or death due to cancer progression within 12 weeks (absent post-baseline scan). Results Forty-two of 421 patients (10%) receiving atezolizumab and 37 of 402 (9%) receiving docetaxel had FP. Twenty patients with FP (48%) receiving atezolizumab versus 12 (30%) receiving docetaxel had a ≥50% SLD increase within 6 weeks. FP was significantly associated with an ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status of 1 (vs 0), ≥3 metastatic sites at baseline, and failure of preceding first-line treatment within 6 months, but not with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 or tumor mutational burden. Overall survival in patients with FP and a ≥50% SLD increase at week 6 was similar with atezolizumab and docetaxel (unstratified HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.41 to 1.92)). Conclusions FP rates were similar with atezolizumab and docetaxel in the OAK study, suggesting that FP may not be unique to checkpoint inhibitors, although the underlying mechanisms may differ from those of chemotherapy. Applying the FP criteria to other phase III checkpoint inhibitor trials may further elucidate the risk factors for FP. Trial registration number NCT02008227 .
Type 1 diabetes mellitus: much progress, many opportunities
Authors: Alvin C. Powers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

As part of the centennial celebration of insulin's discovery, this review summarizes the current understanding of the genetics, pathogenesis, treatment, and outcomes in type 1 diabetes (T1D). T1D results from an autoimmune response that leads to destruction of the β cells in the pancreatic islet and requires lifelong insulin therapy. While much has been learned about T1D, it is now clear that there is considerable heterogeneity in T1D with regard to genetics, pathology, response to immune-based therapies, clinical course, and susceptibility to diabetes-related complications. This Review highlights knowledge gaps and opportunities to improve the understanding of T1D pathogenesis and outlines emerging therapies to treat or prevent T1D and reduce the burden of T1D.
Audio Interview: What Earlier Epidemics Teach Us about Covid-19
Authors: Eric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Allan M. Brandt, Stephen Morrissey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

What Earlier Epidemics Teach Us about Covid-19 In this audio interview conducted on March 23, 2021, the editors are joined by historian of medicine Allan Brandt, who assesses the impact of pandemic...
Abstract 16339: Machine Learning Prediction of Left Ventricular Chamber Size and Ejection Fraction
Authors: David Ouyang, Amirata Ghorbani, Jonathan H Chen, Robert A Harrington, James Zou, Euan A Ashley, David Liang
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Accurate assessment of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction is essential for guideline-based management of heart failure, however there is significant imprecision and variat...
P09.42 Second-Line Immunotherapy Treatment Patterns in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Portugal: An I-O Optimise Cohort Study
Authors: M. Soares, L. Antunes, J. Oliveira-Gomes, G. Paupério, J. Cardia, P. Redondo, M. Borges, C. Chaib, L. Lacoin, F. Grimson, E. Ralphs, R. Munro, M. Daumont, J.R. Penrod, J.C. O'Donnell, M.J. Bento, F. Rocha Gonçalves
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)