tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Lecture ON A SIXTH SERIES OF CASES OF TOTAL EXTIRPATION OF THE PROSTATE FOR RADICAL CURE OF ENLARGEMENT OF THAT ORGAN: Delivered at the Medical Graduates' College and Polyclinic.
Authors: P. J. Freyer
Journal: BMJ (1903)

In August of the same year thc operation of litlholapaxy lhad to be arepeated, as in this short interval another stoine had formned, whlicli was .alsosuccessfully reimoved in the same way.Oni this occasioIn the stone -%was formed of phosphates, wvlhirls is the uisual kiud in the case of recur- reuces.Again, lie imiade a speedy recovery so far as the remiioval of the *stone was concerined.Tlh patient, lowever, still remiained depeiident on the use of the catheter.By Septeiimber, igoo, lie had formiied otlier stonlCs, wlhicih were iemoved in a like manner.lie still remained depenidenlt on the use of the catheter.For the fourlth tiiine, in February, I9OI, lie again ;applied to me witlh symptoms of stone.Feeling sture that this rapid recurrence of stone was not dtuc to any fauilt in the operation or to any ,want of care on the part of the patient or hiis medical attendant, before proceeding to remiiove the stones I examined the patient with the cysto-:scope.The view thus obtained of the interior of the bladder was ,extremely interesting.There was no enlargement of the lateral lobes of the prostate, but the tllird or miiiddle lobe was prolonged, and took the form of a pendulous imass whlich projected upwards into tlle bladder, and evidently played the part of a ball valve.Tlhus the urine was mechanically jprevented escaping from the bladder, except wheu the catheter was used, aud being allowed to decompose, the formation of phosphatic stones necessarily followed.I slhould add that under cover of the projecting lobe of prostate a portion of two calculi were seen by the cystoscope.This condition at once explainied how these stones vere formiied, and I decided upon removing that portion of the prostate wlich was lhypertrophied, as well as the stones it partially concealed.It seemed to me quite unnecessary to remove the entire prostate, and I tlherefore advised the minor operatioin.This was done by opening the membranous portion of the urethra on a grooved staff as if for median litliotomy; this enabled me to pass a pair -of forceps into the bladder, with whiclh I seized and twisted off the poly- poid excrescence of prostate as you see in the speciinen.Subsequently I withdrew two calculi and introduced a temporary perineal drainage tube into the bladder.In a fewv days tlle latter was witlhdrawn, wlhen the wvound rapidly closed.It is now over two years since this operation was done, tlle patient has fiad no further recurrence of stone, and what is also of great inportance, lie has never had occasiou to use tlle catlheter since, thouglh lhe lhad been
<i>14-3-3σ</i> Functions as an Intestinal Tumor Suppressor
Authors: Markus Winter, Matjaž Rokavec, Heiko Hermeking
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Although the 14-3-3σ gene was initially identified as a p53 target gene in colorectal cancer cells, its potential role in intestinal tumorigenesis has remained unknown. Here we determined that 14-3-3σ expression is significantly downregulated in primary human colorectal cancer when compared with adjacent normal colonic tissue in patient samples. Downregulation of 14-3-3σ in primary colorectal cancers was significantly associated with p53 mutation, increasing tumor stage, distant metastasis, and poor patient survival. Poor survival was more significantly associated with decreased 14-3-3σ expression in p53 wild-type than in p53-mutant colorectal cancers. 14-3-3σ expression was detected in enterocytes of the transit amplifying zone and gradually increased towards the apical villi in the small intestinal epithelium. In small and large intestinal epithelia and adenomas, 14-3-3σ expression was upregulated in differentiated areas. Deletion of 14-3-3σ in ApcMin mice increased the number and size of adenomas in the small intestine and colon, shortening the median survival by 64 days. 14-3-3σ-deficient adenomas displayed increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, as well as increased dysplasia. In adenomas, loss of 14-3-3σ promoted acquisition of a mesenchymal-like gene expression signature, which was also found in colorectal cancers from patients with poor relapse-free survival. The transcriptional programs controlled by the 14-3-3σ-interacting factors SNAIL, c-JUN, YAP1, and FOXO1 were activated by deletion of 14-3-3σ, potentially contributing to the enhanced tumor formation and growth. Taken together, these results provide genetic evidence of a tumor-suppressor function of 14-3-3σ in the intestine. SIGNIFICANCE: Downregulation of 14-3-3σ in colorectal cancer is associated with metastasis and poor survival of patients, and its inactivation in a murine tumor model drives intestinal tumor formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Long-Read Genome Sequencing Provides Molecular Insights into Scavenging and Societal Complexity in Spotted Hyena<i>Crocuta crocuta</i>
Authors: Yong Shao, Xiao-Bo Wang, Mei-Ling Zhang, Yan Liu, Sheng Wang, Bao-Lin Zhang, Min-Min Yang, Ming-Hai Yang, Ting Jia, Tian-Chun Pu, Yan Lu, He Liu, Zhe Xu, Bo Li, Ning Liu, Violet Magoma Onsongo, Dong-Dong Wu, Cheng-Lin Zhang, Jue Ruan, Yan Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

Abstract The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is a large and unique terrestrial carnivore. It is a particularly fascinating species due to its distinct phenotypic traits, especially its complex social structure and scavenging lifestyle, with associated high dietary exposure to microbial pathogens. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms related to these phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we sequenced and assembled a high-quality long-read genome of the spotted hyena, with a contig N50 length of ∼13.75 Mb. Based on comparative genomics, immunoglobulin family members (e.g., IGKV4-1) showed significant adaptive duplications in the spotted hyena and striped hyena. Furthermore, immune-related genes (e.g., CD8A, LAG3, and TLR3) experienced species-specific positive selection in the spotted hyena lineage. These results suggest that immune tolerance between the spotted hyena and closely related striped hyena has undergone adaptive divergence to cope with prolonged dietary exposure to microbial pathogens from scavenging. Furthermore, we provided the potential genetic insights underlying social complexity, hinting at social behavior and cognition. Specifically, the RECNE-associated genes (e.g., UGP2 and ACTR2) in the spotted hyena genome are involved in regulation of social communication. Taken together, our genomic analyses provide molecular insights into the scavenging lifestyle and societal complexity of spotted hyenas.
Response to: Correspondence on ‘Call for action in ANCA-associated vasculitis and lupus nephritis: promises and challenges of SGLT-2 inhibitors’ by Patoulias
Authors: Marcus Säemann, Andreas Kronbichler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Response to: Correspondence on 'Call for action in ANCA-associated vasculitis and lupus nephritis: promises and challenges of SGLT-2 inhibitors' by Säemann and KronbichlerWe thank our colleague Dr Patoulias 1 for pointing out that sodium glucose transporter (SGLT)-2 inhibition (SGLT-2i) could mediate nephroprotection in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) via specific mechanisms within the tubular cell compartment independent of the presence of diabetes mellitus. 2As discussed by Dr Patoulias, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is affected by SGLT-2i correlating with improvements in albuminuria, a hallmark of chronic kidney damage.KIM-1, however, is not only a mere marker of tubular injury, but it is actively involved in diverse pathogenic actions.Hence, its expression, for example, in diabetic kidney disease accelerates kidney injury via fatty acid uptake coupled with tubular glucose reabsorption in renal proximal tubular cells, resulting in various detrimental stress responses. 3Upregulation of KIM-1 and the ensuing tubular cell responses illustrate the close relationship between diseased glomeruli and subsequent tubulointerstitial fibrosis in response to increased tubular workload, thereby diseases traditionally considered primarily of glomerular origin such as diabetic kidney disease, and also inflammatory diseases such as LN and AAV, illustrate the therapeutic potential of innovative therapies such as SGLT-2i by limiting permanent and progressive damage especially to the tubulointerstitial tissue.The concept of nephron overload has been very recently proposed to be the final result of various and diverse pathogenic insults in most forms of chronic kidney disease. 4Since SGLT-2i substantially reduce tubular workload, they belong to the most efficient therapeutic interventions impacting nephron overload, suggesting also significant nephroprotective effects in LN and AAV.
Medicolegal.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deletions in VANGL1 are a risk factor for antibody-mediated kidney disease
Authors: Simon H. Jiang, Sevcan Mercan, Ilenia Papa, Max Moldovan, Giles D. Walters, Mark Koina, Mitali Fadia, Maurice Stanley, Tom Lea-Henry, Amelia Cook, Julia Ellyard, Brendan McMorran, Madhivanan Sundaram, Russell Thomson, Pablo F. Canete, Wendy Hoy, Holly Hutton, Monika Srivastava, Kathryn McKeon, Iñigo de la Rúa Figueroa, Ricard Cervera, Raquel Faria, Sandra D’Alfonso, Mariele Gatto, Vicki Athanasopoulos, Matthew Field, John Mathews, Eun Cho, Thomas D. Andrews, A. Richard Kitching, Matthew C. Cook, Marta Alarcon Riquelme, Melanie Bahlo, Carola G. Vinuesa
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)

We identify an intronic deletion in
The contribution of unstable housing to HIV and hepatitis C virus transmission among people who inject drugs globally, regionally, and at country level: a modelling study
Authors: Jack Stone, Adelina Artenie, Matthew Hickman, Natasha K Martin, Louisa Degenhardt, Hannah Fraser, Peter Vickerman
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

BackgroundA considerable proportion of people who inject drugs are unstably housed. Although unstable housing is associated with HIV and HCV infection among people who inject drugs, its contribution to transmission is unknown. We estimated the global and national proportions of incident HIV and HCV infections among people who inject drugs attributed to housing instability from 2020 to 2029.MethodsIn this modelling study, we developed country-level models of unstable housing and HIV and HCV transmission among people who inject drugs in 58 countries globally, calibrated to country-specific data on the prevalences of HIV and HCV and unstable housing. Based on a recently published systematic review, unstably housed people who inject drugs were assumed to have a 39% (95% CI 6–84) increased risk of HIV transmission and a 64% (95% CI 43–89%) increased risk of HCV transmission. We used pooled country-level estimates from systematic reviews on HCV and HIV prevalence in people who inject drugs. Our models estimated the transmission population attributable fraction (tPAF) of unstable housing to HIV and HCV transmission among people who inject drugs, defined as the percentage of infections prevented from 2020 to 2029 if the additional risk due to unstable housing was removed.FindingsOur models were produced for 58 countries with sufficient data (accounting for >66% of the global people who inject drugs population). Globally, we project unstable housing contributes 7·9% (95% credibility interval [CrI] 2·3–15·7) of new HIV infections and 11·2% (7·7–15·5) of new HCV infections among people who inject drugs from 2020 to 2029. Country-level tPAFs were strongly associated with the prevalence of unstable housing. tPAFs were greater in high-income countries (HIV 17·2% [95% CrI 5·1–30·0]; HCV 19·4% [95% CrI 13·8–26·0]) than in low-income or middle-income countries (HIV 6·6% [95% CrI 1·8–13·1]; HCV 8·3% [95% CrI 5·5–11·7]). tPAFs for HIV and HCV were highest in Afghanistan, Czech Republic, India, USA, England, and Wales where unstable housing contributed more than 20% of new HIV and HCV infections.InterpretationUnstable housing is an important modifiable risk factor for HIV and HCV transmission among people who inject drugs in many countries. The study emphasises the importance of implementing initiatives to mitigate these risks and reduce housing instability.FundingNational Institute for Health Research and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institute for Drug Abuse.
THE JOURNAL ON ITS TRAVELS.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum
Journal: BMJ (1892)

rotheln and when cases are reported to him no measures of disinfection or isolation are attempted.Direct and indirect appeals to him hate produced no effect.I It might be advisable to ask the opinion on the matter of the -medical officer to the Local Government Board, stating that the sanitary authority adopt no precautions to prevent the spread of scarlet fever, and setting forth the grounds upon which the diagnosis of scarlet fever is based.The occurrence of "several fatal cases" is in itself prmdfacie evidence against the German measles view.NUJISANCE IN A WORKHOUSE KouMIss asks whether, upon receiving complaint of the existence of a nuisance in a workhouse, it is the duty of the medical officer of health to inspect, there being a workhouse medical officer.'** Not necessarily to inspect, but to ensure that if there be any such nuisance the proper steps are taken for its abatement.Usually a 'friendly conference with the workhouse medical officer, or even a note 'to him, would settle the,"whole"matter, and for every reason this course 'should be followed.COMPULSORY CONNECTION WITH DRAINS.ID.P.H. asks whether, in a town which has partially adopted the pail -system, and is being sewered in sections, owners of houses within the ,100-feet limit can be compelled to connect them with the sewers under Bection 23 of the Public Health Act, 1875, " thus doing away with the * The connection can be enforced.The adoption of the pail system ,does not remove the necessity for drainage, or affect the application of the section cited; but neither does the connection of the house drain with the sewer necessarily do away with the pails.
Books Received
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Numbers in action
Authors: David C. Burr, Giovanni Anobile, Elisa Castaldi, Roberto Arrighi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract To understand the number sense, we need to understand its function. We argue that numerosity estimation is fundamental not only for perception, but also preparation and control of action. We outline experiments that link numerosity estimation with action, pointing to a generalized numerosity system that serves both perception and action preparation.
Case 26-2014: A 21-Month-Old Boy with Lethargy, Respiratory Distress, and Abdominal Distention
Authors: Thorsten Rosenkranz, Mark Novas, Christoph Terborg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

correctionsIn controlled and uncontrolled studies involving patients with multiple sclerosis, there was a decrease in the mean lymphocyte count of approximately 30% during the first year of treatment with delayed-release DMF.The mean lymphocyte count then plateaued and remained above the lower limit of the normal range (Fig. 1A).Approximately 2% of patients had reduced lymphocyte counts (<500 cells per cubic millimeter) that persisted for more than 6 months. 2In this subgroup of patients, which was identifiable within the first year of treatment, lymphocyte counts of less than 500 per cubic millimeter were generally maintained with continued therapy (Fig. 1A and1B). 2 Periodic monitoring of absolute lymphocyte counts to identify patients at increased risk for severe, prolonged lymphocytopenia and consideration of treatment interruption in these patients may mitigate the risk of PML.Studies to evaluate the effect of delayedrelease DMF on lymphocyte subgroups are ongoing.
A lepidic gene signature predicts patient prognosis and sensitivity to immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Thinh T. Nguyen, Hyun-Sung Lee, Bryan M. Burt, Jia Wu, Jianjun Zhang, Christopher I. Amos, Chao Cheng
Journal: Genome Medicine (2022)

Lung adenocarcinoma, the most common type of lung cancer, has a high level of morphologic heterogeneity and is composed of tumor cells of multiple histological subtypes. It has been reported that immune cell infiltration significantly impacts clinical outcomes of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. However, it is unclear whether histologic subtyping can reflect the tumor immune microenvironment, and whether histologic subtyping can be applied for therapeutic stratification of the current standard of care.We inferred immune cell infiltration levels using a histological subtype-specific gene expression dataset. From differential gene expression analysis between different histological subtypes, we developed two gene signatures to computationally determine the relative abundance of lepidic and solid components (denoted as the L-score and S-score, respectively) in lung adenocarcinoma samples. These signatures enabled us to investigate the relationship between histological composition and clinical outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma using previously published datasets.We found dramatic immunological differences among histological subtypes. Differential gene expression analysis showed that the lepidic and solid subtypes could be differentiated based on their gene expression patterns while the other subtypes shared similar gene expression patterns. Our results indicated that higher L-scores were associated with prolonged survival, and higher S-scores were associated with shortened survival. L-scores and S-scores were also correlated with global genomic features such as tumor mutation burdens and driver genomic events. Interestingly, we observed significantly decreased L-scores and increased S-scores in lung adenocarcinoma samples with EGFR gene amplification but not in samples with EGFR gene mutations. In lung cancer cell lines, we observed significant correlations between L-scores and cell sensitivity to a number of targeted drugs including EGFR inhibitors. Moreover, lung cancer patients with higher L-scores were more likely to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Our findings provided further insights into evaluating histology composition in lung adenocarcinoma. The established signatures reflected that lepidic and solid subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma would be associated with prognosis, genomic features, and responses to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. The signatures therefore suggested potential clinical translation in predicting patient survival and treatment responses. In addition, our framework can be applied to other types of cancer with heterogeneous histological subtypes.
Autologous Transfusions
Authors: Arthur J. Silvergleid
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Review of the clinical records of 103 patients participating in a community-blood-bank-sponsored autologous transfusion program confirmed the safety of autologous blood and the practicality of such a communitycentered program. There were no transfusion reactions, increased morbidity, or reports of hepatitis among the autologous donor-patients. A previously unobserved phenomenon was that surgeons tended to transfuse less blood to patients who had autologous blood available, rarely exceeding the number donated, although this varied from one to three units for similar surgery. Only eight of the 103 patients intentionally received a transfusion with homologous blood in addition to their autologously donated blood. Patients, their physicians, and the blood bank can all benefit substantially from such a program. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2724-2725, 1979)