tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
28630 Use of systemic immunosuppressive treatment is not related to COVID-19 positivity in a retrospective review of patients in Massachusetts
Authors: William Murphy, Nikolai Klebanov, Vartan Pahalyants, Nicholas Theodosakis, Kevin Patel, R. Monina Klevens, Evelyn Lilly, Yevgeniy R. Semenov
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)

Introduction: It is not known whether systemic immunosuppression for conditions such as psoriasis affects the risk of COVID-19, leading to uncertainty among patients and providers. Methods: We partnered with the Massachusetts Department of Public Health to identify COVID-19 positivity and mortality for patients at the Massachusetts General Brigham network who were prescribed a systemic immunosuppressant from 7/1/19-2/29/20. We excluded biologics, steroids, and antirheumatic drugs from the analysis. We performed a multivariate logistic regression on exact matched controls, adjusting for age, sex, race, Charlson comorbidity score, zip code median income, and local infection rate. We performed a multivariable Poisson regression on patients diagnosed with COVID-19 to compare all-cause mortality. Results: 14,865 patients prescribed systemic immunosuppressants and 80,318 matched controls were included in the analysis. The most common medications were methotrexate (23.5%), mesalamine (19.2%), paclitaxel (8.3%), mycophenolate (7.8%), hydroxyurea (6.0%), and tacrolimus (5.3%). 1368 (1.7%) controls and 218 (1.5%) patients prescribed systemic immunosuppressants were identified as COVID-19 positive. Of these, 162 (0.2%) controls and 26 (0.2%) patients prescribed immunosuppressants died after diagnosis. Patients prescribed systemic immunosuppressants were not more likely to have a COVID-19 diagnosis (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.79-1.05, P = .22) or die after diagnosis (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.62-1.44, P = .80) after adjusting for demographics, CCI, and local infection rate. Discussion: We found no evidence that systemic immunotherapy preceding the COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of contracting COVID-19 or the risk of mortality among those with confirmed disease. Patients and providers should consider this when prescribing immunosuppressive therapy during the pandemic.
Clinical Availability of ATRA for Patients With Suspected Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Why Guidelines May Not Be Followed
Authors: Marcus J. Geer, Charles E. Foucar, Sumana Devata, Lydia Benitez, Anthony J. Perissinotti, Bernard L. Marini, Dale Bixby
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) serves as the backbone of the management of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), with guidelines recommending the initiation of ATRA as soon as APL is suspected. As a regional referral center for patients with acute leukemia, those who are suspected of having APL are often transferred to our facility. However, many referring centers are unable to initiate treatment using ATRA. We conducted an exploratory analysis of the clinical availability of ATRA and the factors limiting access to this critical drug.The United States was divided into 6 geographic regions: Northwest, Southwest, Central, Southeast, Northeast, and the Great Lakes. Twenty hospitals were randomly selected from states within each of these regions and were surveyed as to whether they typically treated patients with acute leukemia, the availability of ATRA at their institution, and reported reasons for not stocking ATRA (if not available).Less than one-third of hospitals queried (31%) had ATRA in stock. Neither the size of the hospital nor the hospital's status as academic versus nonacademic (53% vs 31%; P=.08) influenced ATRA availability. Of the hospitals that referred patients with APL, only 14% (7/49) had ATRA readily available. Hospitals that treated patients with APL were more likely to have ATRA available than referring centers (58% vs 14%; P=.000002).Nearly two-thirds of the hospitals surveyed that cared for patients with acute leukemia do not have ATRA immediately available. Moreover, the vast majority of hospitals that refer patients to other centers do not have ATRA. These findings should spur investigation into the impact of immediate ATRA availability on the morbidity and mortality of patients with APL. A call by hematologists nationwide to their formulary committees is warranted to ensure that this lifesaving medication is available to patients suspected of having APL.
Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis
Authors: CL Ren, Esther Cr, JS Debley, M Sockrider, O Yilmaz, N Amin, A Bazzy-Asaad, SD Davis, M Durand, JM Ewig, H Yuksel, E Lombardi, TL Noah, P Radford, S Ranganathan, A Teper, M Weinberger, J Brozek, KC Wilson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)
28096 Sustained improvement in general health-related quality of life and work productivity in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis treated with guselkumab: 5-year data from clinical trial VOYAGE 2
Authors: Kristian Reich, Kenneth B. Gordon, Peter Foley, Mark Lomaga, Chenglong Han, Megan Miller, Yin You, Marc Alexander Radtke, Jashin J. Wu, April W. Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Open problems in human trait genetics
Authors: Nadav Brandes, Omer Weissbrod, Michal Linial
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Abstract Genetic studies of human traits have revolutionized our understanding of the variation between individuals, and yet, the genetics of most traits is still poorly understood. In this review, we highlight the major open problems that need to be solved, and by discussing these challenges provide a primer to the field. We cover general issues such as population structure, epistasis and gene-environment interactions, data-related issues such as ancestry diversity and rare genetic variants, and specific challenges related to heritability estimates, genetic association studies, and polygenic risk scores. We emphasize the interconnectedness of these problems and suggest promising avenues to address them.
Use of verbal autopsy for establishing causes of child mortality in camps for internally displaced people in Mogadishu, Somalia: a population-based, prospective, cohort study
Authors: Andrew J Seal, Mohamed Jelle, Carlos S Grijalva-Eternod, Hani Mohamed, Raha Ali, Edward Fottrell
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

People in humanitarian emergencies are likely to experience excess mortality but information on the causes of death is often unreliable or non-existent. This study aimed to provide evidence on the causes of death among children younger than 5 years in camps for internally displaced people in southern Somalia, during periods of protracted displacement and emergency influx amid the 2017 drought and health emergency.We did a prospective, cohort study in 25 camps in the Afgooye corridor, on the outskirts of Mogadishu, Somalia. All internally displaced children aged 6-59 months were included and followed up with monthly household visits by community health workers. Nutrition, health, and vaccination status were ascertained and verbal autopsy interviews were done with the caregivers of deceased children. We calculated death rates in these children and used verbal autopsy to establish the cause-specific mortality fraction (CSMF). Bayesian InterVA software was used to assign likely causes to each death.Between March, 2016, and March, 2018, 3898 children were followed up. 153 deaths were recorded during 34 746 person-months of observation. The death rate among children younger than 5 years exceeded emergency thresholds (>2 deaths per 10 000 children per day), reaching a peak of seven deaths per 10 000 children per day during the emergency influx. Verbal autopsy data were gathered for 80% of deaths, and the CSMF for the three leading causes of death were diarrhoeal diseases (25·9%), measles (17·8%), and severe malnutrition (8·8%). Coverage of measles vaccination during the first 3 months of the emergency was 42% and the CSMF for measles doubled during the influx. During protracted displacement, symptoms that could be attributable to HIV/AIDS related deaths accounted for 1·6% of the CSMF.It is feasible to establish a health and nutrition surveillance system that ascertains causes of death, using verbal autopsy, in this humanitarian context. These data can inform policy, response planning, and priority setting. The high mortality rate from infectious diseases and malnutrition among children younger than 5 years suggests the need for strengthening a range of public health interventions, including vaccination and provision of water, sanitation, and hygiene.UK Department of International Development.
Do overly complex reporting guidelines remove the focus from good clinical trials?
Authors: Jeremy Howick, Rebecca Webster, J André Knottnerus, David Moher
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The ever increasing emphasis on complex reporting guidelines is getting in the way of designing and conducting good clinical trials, say <b>Jeremy Howick</b>, <b>Rebecca Webster</b>, and <b>J André Knottnerus</b>. But <b>David Moher</b> argues that, while following the guidelines can be frustrating, such complexity remains necessary and is improving research, not impeding it
What We Talk About When We Talk About the Code
Authors: Lilli Schussler
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality: A population‐based cancer registry data analysis from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Shaoyuan Lei, Rongshou Zheng, Siwei Zhang, Shaoming Wang, Ru Chen, Kexin Sun, Hongmei Zeng, Jiachen Zhou, Wenqiang Wei
Journal: Cancer Communications (2021)

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide but has patterns and trends which vary in different countries. This study aimed to evaluate the global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality and analyze its temporal trends for breast cancer prevention and control. Methods Breast cancer incidence and mortality data in 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN online database. Continued data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends, the International Agency for Research on cancer mortality and China National Central Cancer Registry were used to analyze the time trends from 2000 to 2015 through Joinpoint regression, and annual average percent changes of breast cancer incidence and mortality were calculated. Association between Human Development Index and breast cancer incidence and mortality were estimated by linear regression. Results There were approximately 2.3 million new breast cancer cases and 685,000 breast cancer deaths worldwide in 2020. Its incidence and mortality varied among countries, with the age‐standardized incidence ranging from the highest of 112.3 per 100,000 population in Belgium to the lowest of 35.8 per 100,000 population in Iran, and the age‐standardized mortality from the highest of 41.0 per 100,000 population in Fiji to the lowest of 6.4 per 100,000 population in South Korea. The peak age of breast cancer in some Asian and African countries were over 10 years earlier than in European or American countries. As for the trends of breast cancer, the age‐standardized incidence rates significantly increased in China and South Korea but decreased in the United States of America (USA) during 2000‐2012. Meanwhile, the age‐standardized mortality rates significantly increased in China and South Korea but decreased in the United Kingdom, the USA, and Australia during 2000 and 2015. Conclusions The global burden of breast cancer is rising fast and varies greatly among countries. The incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer increased rapidly in China and South Korea but decreased in the USA. Increased health awareness, effective prevention strategies, and improved access to medical treatment are extremely important to curb the snowballing breast cancer burden, especially in the most affected countries.
BT12: The environmental impact of teledermatology in the COVID‐19 pandemic: a silver lining
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

dermoscopy images of the lesion were available.Low-cost mobile dermoscopy attachments are available and have been marketed to patients for self-monitoring.We compared a smartphone-compatible dermoscopy device (Dermlite HUD â ) with traditional dermoscopic photography to assess the feasibility of using this device to photograph skin lesions.This device has equivalent magnification (9 10) to dermatoscopes, a smaller field of view (which in all lesions still allowed complete visualization) and employs polarized light.Dermoscopic photography using the Dermlite HUD was taken of 30 consecutive lesions over a 1-month period by dermatology registrars in the dermatology department.Lesions assessed included pigmented lesions, vascular lesions, nonulcerated skin cancers and benign lesions.Images were assessed by a consultant dermatologist and compared to dermoscopic photographs taken using the standard method employed in the department.Images were compared in terms of resolution, field of view and colour quality between the two instruments as per validated image analysis (Celebi M, Mendonc ßa T, Marques J. Dermoscopy Image Analysis, 1st edn.Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2015).The photographed lesions were assessed by a consultant dermatologist and compared with the standard method.Photos taken with the smartphone attachment were found to be 97% equivalent in terms of resolution, field of view and colour quality to those taken using the standard method and 29 of 30 were deemed suitable for remote lesion assessment.Low-cost smartphone dermatoscope attachments provide images of comparable quality to those taken with a dermatoscope and camera.This offers an opportunity to facilitate fully virtual assessment of low-risk skin lesions and is of use in patients unable to travel to clinics or during lockdowns to facilitate virtual clinics.
A phase 3, open-label, randomized study of asciminib, a STAMP inhibitor, vs bosutinib in CML after 2 or more prior TKIs
Authors: Delphine Réa, Michael J. Mauro, Carla Boquimpani, Yosuke Minami, Elza Lomaia, Sergey Voloshin, Anna Turkina, Dong-Wook Kim, Jane F. Apperley, Andre Abdo, Laura Maria Fogliatto, Dennis Dong Hwan Kim, Philipp le Coutre, Susanne Saussele, Mario Annunziata, Timothy P. Hughes, Naeem Chaudhri, Koji Sasaki, Lynette Chee, Valentin García-Gutiérrez, Jorge E. Cortes, Paola Aimone, Alex Allepuz, Sara Quenet, Véronique Bédoucha, Andreas Hochhaus
Journal: Blood (2021)
The Oldest Co-opted <i>gag</i> Gene of a Human Endogenous Retrovirus Shows Placenta-Specific Expression and Is Upregulated in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Guney Boso, Katherine Fleck, Samuel Carley, Qingping Liu, Alicia Buckler-White, Christine A Kozak
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Vertebrate genomes contain endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that represent remnants of past germline infections by ancient retroviruses. Despite comprising 8% of the human genome, the human ERVs (HERVs) do not encode a replication competent retrovirus. However, some HERV genes have been co-opted to serve host functions, most notably the viral envelope-derived syncytins involved in placentation. Here, we identify the oldest HERV intact gag gene with an open reading frame, gagV1. Its provirus contains an intact env, envV1, and the first open reading frame found in an HERV gag leader, pre-gagV1, which encodes a novel protein. This HERV is linked to a related gag gene, gagV3, and these three genes all show patterns of evolutionary conservation in primates. gagV1 and pre-gagV1 orthologs are present in all simian primate lineages indicating that this HERV entered the germline of the common simian primate ancestor at least 43 Ma, whereas gagV3 is found in Old and New World monkeys. gagV1 and gagV3 have undergone recurrent gene conversion events and positive selection. Expression of gagV1, gagV3, and pre-gagV1 is restricted to the placenta in humans and macaques suggesting co-option for placenta-specific host functions. Transcriptomic analysis of human tumors also found upregulated levels of gagV1 transcripts in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. These findings suggest that these HERV-V genes may be useful markers for the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and that they may have contributed to the successive domestications of env and gag genes in eutherians involved in the ongoing ERV-driven evolution of the placenta.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of diabetes in young adults: A nationwide population-based study in Korea
Authors: Goh Eun Chung, Eun Ju Cho, Ji Won Yoon, Jeong-Ju Yoo, Young Chang, Yuri Cho, Sang-Hyun Park, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin, Su Jong Yu
Journal: Metabolism (2021)
Association of Social Support With Brain Volume and Cognition
Authors: Joel Salinas, Adrienne O’Donnell, Daniel J. Kojis, Matthew P. Pase, Charles DeCarli, Dorene M. Rentz, Lisa F. Berkman, Alexa Beiser, Sudha Seshadri
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Cognitive resilience refers to the general capacity of cognitive processes to be less susceptible to differences in brain structure from age- and disease-related changes. Studies suggest that supportive social networks reduce Alzheimer disease and related disorder (ADRD) risk by enhancing cognitive resilience, but data on specific social support mechanisms are sparse. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association of individual forms of social support with a global neuroanatomical measure of early ADRD vulnerability and cognition. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cross-sectional analysis used prospectively collected data from Framingham Study participants without dementia, stroke, or other neurological conditions who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing at the same visit. Data from this large, population-based, longitudinal cohort were collected from June 6, 1997, to December 13, 1999 (original cohort), and from September 11, 1998, to October 26, 2001 (offspring cohort). Data were analyzed from May 22, 2017, to June 1, 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Total cerebral volume and, as a modifying exposure variable, self-reported availability of 5 types of social support measured by the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was a global measure of cognitive function. Cognitive resilience was defined as the modification of total cerebral volume's association with cognition, such that smaller β estimates (presented in SD units) indicate greater cognitive resilience (ie, better cognitive performance than estimated by lower total cerebral volume). <h3>Results</h3> The study included 2171 adults (164 in the original cohort and 2007 in the offspring cohort; mean [SD] age, 63 [10] years; 1183 [54%] female). High listener availability was associated with greater cognitive resilience (β = 0.08,<i>P</i> &lt; .001) compared with low listener availability (β = 0.20,<i>P</i> = .002). Overall findings persisted after adjustment for potential confounders. Other forms of social support were not significant modifiers (advice: β = −0.04;<i>P</i> = .40 for interaction; love-affection: β = −0.07,<i>P</i> = .28 for interaction; emotional support: β = −0.02,<i>P</i> = .73 for interaction; and sufficient contact: β = −0.08;<i>P</i> = .11 for interaction). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The results of this cross-sectional cohort study suggest that social support in the form of supportive listening is associated with greater cognitive resilience, independently modifying the association between lower total cerebral volume and poorer cognitive function that would otherwise indicate increased ADRD vulnerability at the preclinical stage. A refined understanding of social support mechanisms has the potential to inform strategies to reduce ADRD risk and enhance cognitive resilience.
The Inclusion of Women in Global Oncology Drug Trials Over the Past 20 Years
Authors: Kristina Jenei, Daniel E. Meyers, Vinay Prasad
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Comment & Response Participation to Prevalence Ratio for Evaluating Representation Status in Clinical Trials Siliang Chen, MD; Jiarui Li, MD; Meijun Shu, MD
Avoidance of Emergency Care—A Marker of Long-standing Inequities
Authors: Laura G. Burke, Jose F. Figueroa
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Nicholas E. Harrison, MD, MS; Robert R. Ehrman, MD, MS; Andrea Curtin, MD; Damon Gorelick; Alex B. Hill, MA; Erin Brennan, MD, MPH; Robert Dunne, MD
25824 Baseline characteristics of psoriasis patients participating in the VALUE multinational postmarketing observational study
Authors: Diamant Thaci, Charles Lynde, Julia-Tatjana Maul, Andrea Szegedi, Mamitaro Ohtsuki, Hongwei Wang, Ahmed M. Soliman, Simone Rubant, Kim A. Papp
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
P-108 Circulating tumor DNA for early relapse detection and monitoring disease status in patients with early-stage pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: M. Abdelrahim, A. Esmail, T. Katz, S. Sharma, E. Kalashnikova, M. Malhotra, P. Olshan, P. Billings, A. Aleshin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
P-256 Fibroblast-induced paradoxical PI3K pathway activation in colorectal cancer: Role of PTEN and potential implications for PI3K/mTOR inhibition
Authors: C. Bazzichetto, F. Conciatori, L. Ciuffreda, I. Falcone, F. Cognetti, M. Milella
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
27496 Efficacy of ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of atopic dermatitis by baseline patient demographics: Pooled subgroup analysis from two randomized phase 3 studies
Authors: Kim Papp, Jacek C. Szepietowski, Leon Kircik, Darryl Toth, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Seth B. Forman, April W. Armstrong, Michael E. Kuligowski, May E. Venturanza, Kang Sun, Eric L. Simpson
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Catheter-Based Adrenal Ablation Remits Primary Aldosteronism: A Randomized Medication-Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhigang Zhao, Xiaoli Liu, Hexuan Zhang, Qiang Li, Hongbo He, Zhencheng Yan, Fang Sun, Yingsha Li, Xunmei Zhou, Xiaona Bu, Hao Wu, Rufei Shen, Hongting Zheng, Gangyi Yang, Zhiming Zhu
Journal: Circulation (2021)