tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP33: Ultra-processed Food Attenuates The Association Of Nutri-score Front-of-pack Label With All-cause Mortality Risk In The Moli-sani Study Cohort
Authors: Marialaura Bonaccio, Emilia Ruggiero, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Simona Costanzo, Simona Esposito, Chiara Cerletti, Maria Benedetta Donati, Giovanni de Gaetano, Licia Iacoviello
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: The Nutri-Score front-of-pack label rates foods according to their nutritional quality while the NOVA classification is focused on degree of food processing; both systems are reported to separately predict mortality in population-based studies. Hypothesis: We tested the following hypotheses: a) both the Nutri-Score and ultra-processed food (UPF) classification predict mortality in a cohort of Italians from the general population; b) UPF accounts for a proportion of the excess of all-cause mortality risk associated with increased levels of the Nutri-Score. Methods: Longitudinal analysis on 22,913 Italian men and women (mean age 54±12 y) from the Moli-sani Study (enrolled between 2005 and 2010) followed for 11.2 y (median). Food intake was assessed by a 188-item food frequency questionnaire. The Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system (FSAm-NPS) score, used to derive the Nutri-Score, was calculated for each food based on its amount of energy, saturated fat, sugar, sodium, fibre, protein, fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts per 100 g of product. The FSAm-NPS dietary index was calculated for each participant as an energy weighted mean of the FSAm-NPS score of all foods consumed: increased values indicated lower nutritional quality of diet at individual level. UPF was defined by the NOVA classification according to degree of processing, and categorized as quartiles of the ratio (%) between UPF (g/d) and total food eaten (g/d). Results: The FSAm-NPS dietary index and UPF moderately correlated (Pearson’s’ correlation coefficient=0.34), suggesting that these two indices likely cover different, although complementary, dimensions. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] for all-cause mortality were 1.18 (95%CI 1.03-1.36 Q4 vs Q1) and 1.25 (1.08-1.44 Q4 vs Q1) for the FSAm-NPS dietary index and UPF, respectively. When the two indices were analyzed simultaneously, the magnitude of the association between the FSAm-NPS dietary index with mortality was significantly reduced (HR=1.13; 0.97-1.30 Q4 vs Q1) with UPF explaining 27.5% (p&lt;.0001) of the excess of all-cause mortality risk associated with FSAm-NPS index. At variance, the association of elevated UPF intake with mortality was unchanged when adjusted for FSAm-NPS index (HR=1.24; 1.07-1.43 Q4 vs Q1). Conclusions: The higher all-cause mortality risk associated with excessive intake of nutrient-poor foods, as reflected by the FSAm-NPS dietary index underpinning the NutriScore front-of-pack label, is largely explained by the degree of food processing of these foods. Food labelling systems developed to help consumers make healthier food choices should account for the degree of food processing in addition to nutritional content.
Abstract EP47: Ten Thousand Steps For Health: A Regional Project For The Promotion Of Physical Activity
Authors: Mattia Canevari, Cristina Degano, Francesco Graniero, Lucio Mos
Journal: Circulation (2022)

A sedentary lifestyle is globally recognised as one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and today’s society, along with its behaviour, tends to favour it. To spread awareness about this, the World Health Organization has set the minimum level of physical activity an individual should undertake in order to significantly reduce the risk of developing such diseases. Considering walking for its ease and reproducibility, the exercise threshold is represented by the number of steps a person should take on average in a day and is identified to be ten thousand steps. The aim of our project is to tackle sedentary behaviour by encouraging physical activity and promoting a correct lifestyle for the citizens of Friuli Venezia-Giulia. The lack of the public spaces in which to practice physical activity safely is one of the main factors that discourages people from exercising. As such, with the promotion and implementation by Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia and Federsanità ANCI FVG alongside with the collaboration of Direzione Centrale Salute and PromoTurismo FVG, several walking routes within the regional territory have been redeveloped and improved by the addition of plentiful signage. In order to better reach out to the various communities about this project, an advertising campaign about the routes themselves and the importance of the exercise was started on a variety of websites as well as the most popular social media platforms. Furthermore, walking groups from different municipalities interested in the project have been directly involved and training courses have been set up in conjunction with volunteer doctors and professionals with a degree in Physical Education to inform people about specific muscle exercises that will target the general well-being. As a result of our project, fifty-nine routes have been created in all Friuli Venezia-Giulia, all of which contain historical, social and cultural value, and will give people the opportunity to exercise in an easy and safe way that will ultimately reduce their risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, a statistical analysis conducted by the Department of Economic and Statistical Sciences of University of Udine on media coverage and use of the routes, showed that the project has reached a great percentage of the population and is used by many people. Positive results have so far been produced in Friuli Venezia-Giulia and such a project has not only attracted the attention of other Italian Regions, but has also interested other European Countries. Our next goal is to readapt “Ten thousand steps for Health” so it can be applied in other environments.
Recipient APOL1 risk alleles associate with death-censored renal allograft survival and rejection episodes
Authors: Zhongyang Zhang, Zeguo Sun, Jia Fu, Qisheng Lin, Khadija Banu, Kinsuk Chauhan, Marina Planoutene, Chengguo Wei, Fadi Salem, Zhengzi Yi, Ruijie Liu, Paolo Cravedi, Haoxiang Cheng, Ke Hao, Philip J. O’Connell, Shuta Ishibe, Weijia Zhang, Steven G. Coca, Ian W. Gibson, Robert B. Colvin, John Cijiang He, Peter S. Heeger, Barbara Murphy, Madhav C. Menon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk alleles in donor kidneys associate with graft loss, but whether recipient risk allele expression affects transplant outcomes is unclear. To test whether recipient APOL1 risk alleles independently correlate with transplant outcomes, we analyzed genome-wide SNP genotyping data on donors and recipients from 2 kidney transplant cohorts: Genomics of Chronic Allograft Rejection (GOCAR) and Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation 01/17 (CTOT-01/17). We estimated genetic ancestry (quantified as the proportion of African ancestry, or pAFR) by ADMIXTURE and correlated APOL1 genotypes and pAFR with outcomes. In the GOCAR discovery set, we noted that the number of recipient APOL1 G1/G2 alleles (R-nAPOL1) associated with an increased risk of death-censored allograft loss (DCAL), independent of ancestry (HR = 2.14; P = 0.006), as well as within the subgroup of African American and Hispanic (AA/H) recipients (HR = 2.36; P = 0.003). R-nAPOL1 also associated with an increased risk of any T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) event. These associations were validated in CTOT-01/17. Ex vivo studies of PMBCs revealed, unexpectedly, high expression levels of APOL1 in activated CD4+/CD8+ T cells and NK cells. We detected enriched immune response gene pathways in risk allele carriers compared with noncarriers on the kidney transplant waitlist and among healthy controls. Our findings demonstrate an immunomodulatory role for recipient APOL1 risk alleles associated with TCMR and DCAL. We believe this finding has broader implications for immune-mediated injury to native kidneys.
Abstract EP13: Grip Strength, Obesity, And Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among The Elder Population In Taiwan
Authors: Nain-Feng Chu
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Sarcopenia and obesity have become important public health and clinical issues worldwide, especially in an aging society like Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiometabolic risk factors among the different weight status and grip strength status among elder individuals in Taiwan. Methods: We administered a series of community-based health surveys among the elder population in Chiayi County, Taiwan, from 2017 to 2019. Anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and cardiometabolic risk profiles were measured using standard methods. History of chronic diseases was also asked. The questionnaires, including questions regarding any history of chronic diseases, were administered to the subjects under the assistance of a research technician. Results: This study recruited 3739 subjects (1600 males and 2139 females). The non-obese group had lower blood glucose (BG) levels compared to the obese group (100.3 ± 32.2 mg/dl vs 109.1 ± 34.3 mg/dl for the male subjects; 102.8 ± 32.1 mg/dl vs. 112.5 ± 40.3 mg/dl for the female subjects). The grip strength was negatively associated with BG in both sexes (β = –0.357, p &lt; 0.001 for the male subjects male and β = –0.385, p &lt; 0.05 for the female subjects). Relationship between the grip strength and the risk of cardiometabolic disease showed that for every 1 kg increase in the grip strength, there was a 4.1% and 4.5% decrease in the risk for developing diabetes in male and female subjects, respectively (OR = 0.959, 95% CI = 0.940-0.979 for males and OR = 0.955, 95% CI = 0.932-0.978 for females). Conclusions: A higher handgrip strength is associated with a lower BG level and lower risk for developing diabetes mellitus among elder population in Taiwan. Health promotion studies to increase muscle mass along with early rehabilitation programs should focus on the obese and sarcopenic population to prevent cardiometabolic comorbidities.
Health-care workers and facilities in Ukraine must be protected
Authors: Sally McCarthy, Katherine Henderson, Clare Skinner, Luis Daniel Sánchez Arreola, Chip-Jin Ng, Aus N Jamil, Patrick Van de Voorde, Arif Alper Cevik, Michael von Schickfus, Richard Santos, Juliusz Jakubaszko, Zsolt Bognar, David Baden, Gillian Schmitz, Martin M Pin, G Joseph Beirne, Amy Kaji, Kåre Løvstakken, Axel Siu, Kirsten Johnson, Steven H C Lim, Jesús Daniel López Tapia, Henrik Ømark, Lisa A Moreno, Julia Morphet, Sue Stebbeings, Fergal Hickey
Journal: The Lancet (2022)
157MO Immune gene signatures for predicting pathological response of NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: M. Casarrubios, A. Cruz-Bermudez, B. Sierra-Rodero, E. Nadal, M.A. Insa Molla, M.R. Garcia Campelo, C. Garcia Benito, M. Domine Gomez, M. Majem Tarruella, D. Rodriguez-Abreu, A. Martinez, J. De Castro Carpeno, M. Cobo Dols, G. Lopez Vivanco, N. Vinolas Segarra, I.C. Barneto Aranda, S. Viteri, B. Massuti Sureda, M. Provencio Pulla
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Abstract P088: Valvular Heart Disease Stages And Biomarkers Of Myocardial Stress And Injury Among Older Adults In The Community: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study
Authors: Khaled Shelbaya, Pranav Dorbala, Brian Claggett, Hicham Skali, Scott Solomon, Kunihiro Matsushita, Suma H Konety, Thomas Mosley, Amil M Shah
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: The AHA/ACC framework of valvular heart disease (VHD) stages emphasizes the progressive nature of VHD. Limited data exist regarding the association of VHD stages with prognostic cardiac biomarkers of myocardial stress (NT-proBNP) and injury (high sensitivity troponin-T [hs-TnT]). Methods: Among 6,078 participants in the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) who underwent echocardiography at the 5 th study visit (2011-2013) and were free of prior valve replacement, we classified VHD stages based on quantitative and qualitative assessments of mitral and aortic valve stenosis and regurgitation. Multivariable linear regression models were used to relate VHD stages to concentrations of NT-proBNP and hs-TnT at Visit 5. Biomarker values were log-transformed. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, body mass index, atrial fibrillation, study center, and systolic blood pressure at Visit 5. Results: The mean age was 76±5, 58% were women, 22% were Black. Stage A VHD was present in 2,362 participants (39%), Stage B in 1011 (17%), and Stage C or D in 65 (1%). In multivariable models, higher VHD stage was associated with a graded increase in NT-proBNP and hs-TnT concentrations (Figure) . Compared to participants free of VHD, even Stage A (‘at risk’) participants demonstrated higher concentrations of both NT-proBNP (p &lt;0.001) and hs-TnT (p=0.012) in adjusted analyses. Associations of VHD stage with higher NT-proBNP and hs-TnT were consistent within each lesion type, and were most prominent for aortic stenosis stages. Conclusion: Worse VHD stages, even in the absence of severe stenosis or regurgitation, are associated with higher concentrations of markers of myocardial stress (NT-proBNP) and injury (hs-TnT) independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Figure: Concentrations (median, IQR) of NT-proBNP and hs-TnT by VHD stage. *p&lt;0.05 compared to Stage 0; ^ p&lt;0.05 compared to Stage A; ~ p&lt;0.05 compared to Stage B.
Cabozantinib plus Nivolumab Phase I Expansion Study in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Refractory to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Daniel M. Girardi, Scot A. Niglio, Amir Mortazavi, Rosa Nadal, Primo Lara, Sumanta K. Pal, Biren Saraiya, Lisa Cordes, Lisa Ley, Olena Sierra Ortiz, Jacqueline Cadena, Carlos Diaz, Hadi Bagheri, Bernadette Redd, Seth M. Steinberg, Rene Costello, Keith S. Chan, Min-Jung Lee, Sunmin Lee, Yunkai Yu, Sandeep Gurram, Heather J. Chalfin, Vladimir Valera, William D. Figg, Maria Merino, Antoun Toubaji, Howard Streicher, John J. Wright, Elad Sharon, Howard L. Parnes, Yang-Min Ning, Donald P. Bottaro, Liang Cao, Jane B. Trepel, Andrea B. Apolo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: This study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of cabozantinib plus nivolumab (CaboNivo) in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) that progressed on checkpoint inhibition (CPI). Patients and Methods: A phase I expansion cohort of patients with mUC who received prior CPI was treated with cabozantinib 40 mg/day and nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity. The primary goal was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v.1.1. Secondary objectives included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DoR), overall survival (OS), safety, and tolerability. Results: Twenty-nine out of 30 patients enrolled were evaluable for efficacy. Median follow-up was 22.2 months. Most patients (86.7%) received prior chemotherapy and all patients received prior CPI (median seven cycles). ORR was 16.0%, with one complete response and three partial responses (PR). Among 4 responders, 2 were primary refractory, 1 had a PR, and 1 had stable disease on prior CPI. Median DoR was 33.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.7–33.5], median PFS was 3.6 months (95% CI, 2.1–5.5), and median OS was 10.4 months (95% CI, 5.8–19.5). CaboNivo decreased immunosuppressive subsets such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and increased potential antitumor immune subsets such as nonclassical monocytes and effector T cells. A lower percentage of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) and polymorphonuclear MDSCs, lower CTLA-4 and TIM-3 expression on Tregs, and higher effector CD4+ T cells at baseline were associated with better PFS and/or OS. Conclusions: CaboNivo was clinically active, well tolerated, and favorably modulated peripheral blood immune subsets in patients with mUC refractory to CPI.
Targeting p21Cip1 highly expressing cells in adipose tissue alleviates insulin resistance in obesity
Authors: Lichao Wang, Binsheng Wang, Nathan S. Gasek, Yueying Zhou, Rachel L. Cohn, Dominique E. Martin, Wulin Zuo, William F. Flynn, Chun Guo, Evan R. Jellison, Taewan Kim, Larissa G.P. Langhi Prata, Allyson K. Palmer, Ming Li, Christina L. Inman, Lauren S. Barber, Iman M.A. Al-Naggar, Yanjiao Zhou, Wenqiang Du, None Kshitiz, George A. Kuchel, Alexander Meves, Tamar Tchkonia, James L. Kirkland, Paul Robson, Ming Xu
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)
Abstract 10632: Variation in the Association Between Beta Blocker and/or Rasi Use After Discharge and Outcomes in Hfref by Age
Authors: Lauren Gilstrap, Jonathan Skinner, James O'Malley, Nicole Solomon, Karen Chiswell, Gregg C Fonarow, Deepak L Bhatt, Clyde W Yancy, Adam D Devore
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Given the increasing age and comorbidity burden of HFrEF patients, there are questions regarding whether the net risk/benefit of guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) varies across the age spectrum. The aim of this study was to use Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure data linked with Medicare claims to determine whether the association between selected GDMT and outcomes in HFrEF varies across the age spectrum. Methods: We identified 48,711 eligible patients from 330 different centers admitted with HFrEF between 2008 and 2016 using GWTG-HF and Medicare. We created two cohorts: those prescribed evidence-based beta blockers (BB) and/or renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASI) and those prescribed neither. We used overlap weighting to match the patient populations within age strata (65-74, 75-84 and 85+). We then used Cox proportional hazard models to determine the association between use at discharge and 30-day and 1-year mortality and readmissions. Results: The average HFrEF patient in this dataset was 79 (95% CI 72, 85) years old and 41% were female. Eighty percent were white. Ninety-seven percent (=47,299) received BB and/or RASI; 3% (n-1,412) received neither. The hazard ratio (HR) for BB and/or RASI vs. no BB or RASI for 1-year mortality or readmission among those aged 65-74 was HR=0.82 (95% CI 0.70-0.95); for those aged 75-84 HR=0.86 (95% CI 0.78-0.95) and for those aged 85+, the HR=0.78 (95% CI 0.71, 0.86). The p-value comparing HR across the age strata was 0.41. Similar results were observed for 30-day outcomes (Table 1) . Conclusions: The association between use of BB and/or RASI at hospital discharge and lower 30-day and 1-year mortality or readmission does not appear to vary across the age spectrum. Absent a contraindication, BB and/or RASI should be prescribed for all patients at discharge regardless of age.
Abstract P219: Associations Between Endogenous Sex Hormone Levels And Adipokine Levels In The Multi-ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Bhavya Varma, Oluseye Ogunmoroti, Chiadi E Ndumele, Brigitte Kazzi, Carla Rodriquez, Olatokunbo I Osibogun, Matthew A Allison, Alain G Bertoni, Erin D Michos
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Differences in sex hormone levels contribute to sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipokines, which are central to cardiometabolic disease, differ by sex and have divergent associations with CVD. However the link between sex hormones and adipokines is not well established. We hypothesized that an androgenic sex hormone profile is associated with higher leptin &amp; resistin and lower adiponectin levels among postmenopausal women and men. Methods: We performed an analysis of 1822 adults in MESA who had sex hormones and adipokines measured. Sex hormones [Testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)] were measured at exam 1; free T was estimated. Serum adipokines [leptin, resistin, adiponectin] were measured at visits 2 or 3, an average of 2.6 yrs later. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the cross-sectional associations between sex hormones and adipokines. Results: The mean age was 63 (10), 48% were women; 41% White, 13% Chinese American, 20% Black, 26% Hispanic. Leptin: After adjusting for demographics (model 1), higher free T &amp; E2 and lower SHBG were associated with greater leptin levels in women and men; higher DHEA was associated with lower leptin in men ( Table ). With full covariate adjustment (model 3), this remained statistically significant for E2 &amp; SHBG in women and for DHEA in men. Adiponectin: With demographic adjustment, higher free T, E2, DHEA &amp; lower SHBG were associated with lower adiponectin in women, and higher free T &amp; lower SHBG with lower adiponectin in men. After full covariate adjustment, these same relationships were slightly attenuated but remained significant for women and men. Resistin: no association in either sex. Conclusion: A more androgenic profile (higher free T &amp; lower SHBG) was independently associated with lower adiponectin in men and women. Higher E2 &amp; lower SHBG in women, and lower DHEA in men, were associated with leptin. These findings may provide mechanistic insight into the interplay between sex hormones, adipokines and CVD risk.
Association Between Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act and Survival Among Newly Diagnosed Cancer Patients
Authors: Xuesong Han, Jingxuan Zhao, K Robin Yabroff, Christopher J Johnson, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is associated with increased insurance coverage among patients with cancer. Whether these gains translate to improved survival is largely unknown. This study examines changes in 2-year survival among patients newly diagnosed with cancer following the ACA Medicaid expansion.Patients aged 18-62 years from 42 states' population-based cancer registries diagnosed pre (2010-2012) and post (2014-2016) ACA Medicaid expansion were followed through September 30, 2013, and December 31, 2017, respectively. Difference-in-differences (DD) analysis of 2-year overall survival was stratified by sex, race and ethnicity, census tract-level poverty, and rurality.A total of 2 555 302 patients diagnosed with cancer were included from Medicaid expansion (n = 1 523 585) and nonexpansion (n = 1 031 717) states. The 2-year overall survival increased from 80.58% pre-ACA to 82.23% post-ACA in expansion states and from 78.71% to 80.04% in nonexpansion states, resulting in a net increase of 0.44 percentage points (ppt) (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24ppt to 0.64ppt) in expansion states after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. By cancer site, the net increase was greater for colorectal cancer (DD = 0.90ppt, 95% CI = 0.19ppt to 1.60ppt), lung cancer (DD = 1.29ppt, 95% CI = 0.50ppt to 2.08ppt), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (DD = 1.07ppt, 95% CI = 0.14ppt to 1.99ppt), pancreatic cancer (DD = 1.80ppt, 95% CI = 0.40ppt to 3.21ppt), and liver cancer (DD = 2.57ppt, 95% CI = 1.00ppt to 4.15ppt). The improvement in 2-year overall survival was larger among non-Hispanic Black patients (DD = 0.72ppt, 95% CI = 0.12ppt to 1.31ppt) and patients residing in rural areas (DD = 1.48ppt, 95% CI= -0.26ppt to 3.23ppt), leading to narrowing survival disparities by race and rurality.Medicaid expansion was associated with greater increase in 2-year overall survival, and the increase was prominent among non-Hispanic Blacks and in rural areas, highlighting the role of Medicaid expansion in reducing health disparities. Future studies should monitor changes in longer-term health outcomes following the ACA.