tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Setting Priorities to Address Research Gaps in Long-term COVID-19 Outcomes in Children
Authors: Daniel Munblit, Louise Sigfrid, John O. Warner
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Outcomes in ChildrenIncreasing numbers of people with prolonged symptoms after recovery from COVID-19 infection (long COVID) have been reported, prompting calls for research. 1,2Symptoms of long COVID are poorly characterized, with several phenotypes described, 3 and the causes, treatments, and outcomes are unknown.Calls for research fail to address long COVID in children and adolescents.Given the demand for appropriate care for patients with this condition, agencies have published guidelines on treatment. 4However, these guidelines inappropriately combine research requirements and services for the children and older adults.The long-term consequences of COVID-19 remain unknown, but prolonged symptom duration and disability are commonly reported among adults.National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines classify infection sequalae by the duration of symptoms, 4 providing interim definitions for long COVID based on limited evidence from small cohorts with short-term follow-up of adults.The paucity of high-quality studies is a barrier to a comprehensive definition of long COVID and postacute COVID.This definition and harmonization of research, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with long COVID could allow for cohesive national and international data collection and better estimation of incidence, prevalence, and risk factors that are tailored to different age groups.Large, harmonized longitudinal studies assessing aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection sequelae in children and adolescents are needed.Although few studies have focused on children, 5,6 patient support groups have noted that many children experience long-term COVID-19 consequences.To generate high-quality evidence, studies with controls matched for the same social restrictions are urgently required.Robust case-control studies can facilitate identification of the cause of and risk factors for different long COVID syndromes in children, including well-defined characterization of symptoms, signs, psychological features, and protective factors in children in different settings.Estimation of the impact of long COVID vs the impact of wider pandemic restrictions may provide important information for policy makers to guide clinical and public health management.The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium has developed standardized tools to collect multisite data on COVID-19 globally. 7Harmonization of the protocols for data collection and establishment of an international registry are the main priorities (Table ).Development of standardized research protocols for different resources settings aiming at different aspects of COVID-19 sequelae in children can allow harmonized data collection and reliable comparison across countries.
28108 Untargeted metabolomics and steroid signatures in urine of male pattern baldness patients after finasteride treatment for a year
Authors: Ji-Hoon Lim, Yu Ra Lee, Eunju Im, Haksoon Kim, Jeongae Lee, Han Bin Oh, Ki Jung Paeng, Min-Jeong Kang, Soon-Hyo Kwon, Woo Young Sim, Bark Lynn Lew
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Highlights 2015: a picture of health
Authors: Joanna Palmer, Zoë Mullan
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

It's that time of year again when we ask Lancet readers to submit photographs for our annual Highlights photography competition. We are looking for striking images that arrest our attention about any topic in medicine, from global health to clinical medicine, from the individual person to populations. An image can be a powerful way to tell a story. As we have seen with past Highlights winners, your photographs about the health stories that speak to you capture important moments in clinical and global health. Last year's beautiful selection of winning photographs included images about neonatal care in Africa, the work of midwives in Afghanistan, the life of sex workers in India, and the importance of community health workers in bringing health care to homes. We are interested in photographs from any country and invite readers to submit photographs to Highlights 2015 that capture any health issue in a thought-provoking way. As in previous years, The Lancet and The Lancet Global Health will run the competition together. Winning photographs will be published in The Lancet's final issue of 2015 and might also be selected for the front cover of The Lancet Global Health. Each entry should be submitted with 300 accompanying words that put the image in context. Submissions should not have been previously published in print or online. If a person or patient is featured then you must obtain and keep written consent from the individual or, where this is not an option, their next of kin. Please complete the patient consent section of the author statements form while retaining copies of the signed forms. We also encourage you to submit any additional media to support your submission online, such as video or audio features. All photographs—colour or black and white—should be submitted through our online editorial submission system, along with the required text and any supporting material for online publication. Please select Lancet Photograph as the article type. If a digital camera is used please set it to the highest possible quality setting and submit images as JPEG files. If you are using a film camera please submit an 8 × 11 inch glossy print to The Lancet in the post. The entries will be judged by Lancet editors and there will be a £300 prize for winning entries. The deadline for entries is Nov 12, 2015. So share your photos with The Lancet and The Lancet Global Health: we look forward to seeing what health stories you capture. To submit your photographs go to http://ees.elsevier.com/thelancet/For the Lancet author statements and consent see http://www.thelancet.com/pb/assets/raw/Lancet/authors/tl-author-signatures.pdf To submit your photographs go to http://ees.elsevier.com/thelancet/ For the Lancet author statements and consent see http://www.thelancet.com/pb/assets/raw/Lancet/authors/tl-author-signatures.pdf
Guinea reports west Africa’s first ever case of Marburg virus disease
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

West Africa’s first ever case of Marburg virus disease, an epidemic prone disease with high case fatality rates, has been confirmed in Guinea, the World Health Organisation has reported.

The patient, who died on 2 August, had attended a local health facility a day earlier with symptoms of fever, headache, fatigue, abdominal pain, and gingival haemorrhage. He was confirmed as having Marburg virus disease on 3 August, after an investigation by …
Hypogammaglobulinemia in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with rituximab: should we switch biologics? Comment on the article by Fraenkel et al
Authors: Gerasimos Evangelatos, Melina Moschopoulou, Alexios Iliopoulos, George E. Fragoulis
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2021)

We read with great interest the recently published American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1). Among the various issues covered is the hypogammaglobulinemia that occasionally occurs in rituximab-treated RA patients. Hypogammaglobulinemia has been reported in about 17-43% of these patients (2). Risk factors for its occurrence are ill-defined, however the number of rituximab cycles and the baseline levels of immunoglobulins are the most described (2-7).
Pushing Forward the Future Tense: Perspectives of a Scientist
Authors: Lee E. Limbird
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2021)

This review is a somewhat chronological tale of my scientific life, emphasizing the why of the questions we asked in the lab and lessons learned that may be of value to nascent scientists. The reader will come to realize that the flow of my life has been driven by a combined life of the mind and life of the soul, intertwining like the strands of DNA.
Hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK's first COVID-19 pandemic wave
Authors: Jonathan M Read, Chris A Green, Ewen M Harrison, Annemarie B Docherty, Sebastian Funk, Janet Harrison, Michelle Girvan, Hayley E Hardwick, Lance Turtle, Jake Dunning, Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam, Peter JM Openshaw, J Kenneth Baillie, Malcolm G Semple
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
Anaphylaxis knowledge gaps and future research priorities: A consensus report
Authors: Timothy E. Dribin, David Schnadower, Julie Wang, Carlos A. Camargo, Kenneth A. Michelson, Marcus Shaker, Susan A. Rudders, David Vyles, David B.K. Golden, Jonathan M. Spergel, Ronna L. Campbell, Mark I. Neuman, Peter S. Capucilli, Michael Pistiner, Mariana Castells, Juhee Lee, David C. Brousseau, Lynda C. Schneider, Amal H. Assa’ad, Kimberly A. Risma, Rakesh D. Mistry, Dianne E. Campbell, Margitta Worm, Paul J. Turner, John K. Witry, Yin Zhang, Brad Sobolewski, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
IL-1β–driven osteoclastogenic Tregs accelerate bone erosion in arthritis
Authors: Anaïs Levescot, Margaret H. Chang, Julia Schnell, Nathan Nelson-Maney, Jing Yan, Marta Martínez-Bonet, Ricardo Grieshaber-Bouyer, Pui Y. Lee, Kevin Wei, Rachel B. Blaustein, Allyn Morris, Alexandra Wactor, Yoichiro Iwakura, James A. Lederer, Deepak A. Rao, Julia F. Charles, Peter A. Nigrovic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

IL-1β is a proinflammatory mediator with roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Here we show that IL-1β contributes to autoimmune arthritis by inducing osteoclastogenic capacity in Tregs. Using mice with joint inflammation arising through deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (Il1rn–/–), we observed that IL-1β blockade attenuated disease more effectively in early arthritis than in established arthritis, especially with respect to bone erosion. Protection was accompanied by a reduction in synovial CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs that displayed preserved suppressive capacity and aerobic metabolism but aberrant expression of RANKL and a striking capacity to drive RANKL-dependent osteoclast differentiation. Both Il1rn–/– Tregs and wild-type Tregs differentiated with IL-1β accelerated bone erosion upon adoptive transfer. Human Tregs exhibited analogous differentiation, and corresponding RANKLhiFoxp3+ T cells could be identified in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue. Together, these findings identify IL-1β–induced osteoclastogenic Tregs as a contributor to bone erosion in arthritis.
24916 Efficacy of ruxolitinib cream in patients with atopic dermatitis who demonstrated partial responses: Pooled analysis from two randomized phase 3 studies
Authors: Eric L. Simpson, Leon Kircik, Andrew Blauvelt, Michael E. Kuligowski, May E. Venturanza, Kang Sun, Lawrence F. Eichenfield
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
非-コントラストT1-強調心臓磁気共鳴での激烈な冠動脈プラークは頚動脈の炎症と関連している
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi, Kawasaki Tomohiro, Noguchi Teruo, Hiramatsu Yoshihiro, Fukuyama Takaya, Koga Nobuhiko, Inoue Teruo, Node Koichi
Journal: Circulation (2010)
パレスチナにおけるジェネリック医薬品との関連における地域薬剤師の知識,態度および実践:横断的研究【JST・京大機械翻訳】
Authors: Shraim Naser, Al Taha Tasneem, Qawasmeh Rawan, Jarrar Hiba, Shtaya Maram, Shayeb Lama, Sweileh Waleed
Journal: The Lancet (2019)
Hemorrhage after laser-cut covered self-expandable metal stent removal
Authors: Yuki Tanisaka, Masafumi Mizuide, Akashi Fujita, Tomoya Ogawa, Hiromune Katsuda, Youichi Saito, Shomei Ryozawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Endoscopic covered self-expandable metal stent (CSEMS) placement is widely used for distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) as the stent prevents ingrowth and is easily removed [1] [2]. The usefulness of the laser-cut CSEMS (LC-CSEMS) and its endoscopic removal have been reported [3] [4] [5]; there have been no previous reports of complications related to LC-CSEMS removal. We here report a case of hemorrhage following LC-CSEMS removal.
Disease Flare and Reactogenicity in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Following <scp>Two‐Dose SARS</scp>–<scp>CoV</scp>‐2 Messenger <scp>RNA</scp> Vaccination
Authors: Caoilfhionn M. Connolly, Jake A. Ruddy, Brian J. Boyarsky, Iulia Barbur, William A. Werbel, Duvuru Geetha, Jacqueline M. Garonzik‐Wang, Dorry L. Segev, Lisa Christopher‐Stine, Julie J. Paik
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2021)

To evaluate disease flare and postvaccination reactions (reactogenicity) in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) following 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination. RMD patients (n = 1,377) who received 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination between December 16, 2020 and April 15, 2021 completed questionnaires detailing local and systemic reactions experienced within 7 days of each vaccine dose (dose 1 and dose 2), and 1 month after dose 2, detailing any flares of RMD. Associations between demographic/clinical characteristics and flares requiring treatment were evaluated using modified Poisson regression. Among the patients, 11% reported flares requiring treatment; there were no reports of severe flares. Flares were associated with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.09, P = 0.02), flares in the 6 months preceding vaccination (IRR 2.36, P < 0.001), and the use of combination immunomodulatory therapy (IRR 1.95, P < 0.001). The most frequently reported local and systemic reactions included injection site pain (87% after dose 1, 86% after dose 2) and fatigue (60% after dose 1, 80% after dose 2). Reactogenicity increased after dose 2, particularly for systemic reactions. No allergic reactions or SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses were reported. Flares of underlying RMD following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were uncommon. There were no reports of severe flares. Local and systemic reactions typically did not interfere with daily activity. These early safety data can help address vaccine hesitancy in RMD patients.
虚血性血管新生のための骨髄由来内皮前駆細胞の動員に関与する顆粒状コロニー刺激因子(G-CSF)
Authors: Ohki Y, Heissig B, Satoh Y, Shibata M, Shimada K, Ohsaka A, Daida H, Hattori K
Journal: Blood (2003)
Nanopore sequencing reveals endogenous NMD-targeted isoforms in human cells
Authors: Evangelos D. Karousis, Foivos Gypas, Mihaela Zavolan, Oliver Mühlemann
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic, translation-dependent degradation pathway that targets mRNAs with premature termination codons and also regulates the expression of some mRNAs that encode full-length proteins. Although many genes express NMD-sensitive transcripts, identifying them based on short-read sequencing data remains a challenge.
In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, the 5-variable SOARS score predicted in-hospital mortality
Authors: Arnav Agarwal, Eddy Lang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Chua F, Vancheeswaran R, Draper A, et al. Early prognostication of COVID-19 to guide hospitalisation versus outpatient monitoring using a point-of-test risk prediction score. Thorax. 2021;76:696-703. 33692174.
2-year outcomes of ranibizumab versus laser therapy for the treatment of very low birthweight infants with retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW extension study): prospective follow-up of an open label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Neil Marlow, Andreas Stahl, Domenico Lepore, Alistair Fielder, James D Reynolds, Qi Zhu, Annemarie Weisberger, Daniel P Stiehl, Brian Fleck
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2021)
Immunogenicity of an oral rotavirus vaccine administered with prenatal nutritional support in Niger: A cluster randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sheila Isanaka, Souna Garba, Brian Plikaytis, Monica Malone McNeal, Ousmane Guindo, Céline Langendorf, Eric Adehossi, Iza Ciglenecki, Rebecca F. Grais
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2021)

Nutritional status may play a role in infant immune development. To identify potential boosters of immunogenicity in low-income countries where oral vaccine efficacy is low, we tested the effect of prenatal nutritional supplementation on immune response to 3 doses of a live oral rotavirus vaccine.We nested a cluster randomized trial within a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized efficacy trial to assess the effect of 3 prenatal nutritional supplements (lipid-based nutrient supplement [LNS], multiple micronutrient supplement [MMS], or iron-folic acid [IFA]) on infant immune response (n = 53 villages and 1,525 infants with valid serology results: 794 in the vaccine group and 731 in the placebo group). From September 2015 to February 2017, participating women received prenatal nutrient supplement during pregnancy. Eligible infants were then randomized to receive 3 doses of an oral rotavirus vaccine or placebo at 6-8 weeks of age (mean age: 6.3 weeks, 50% female). Infant sera (pre-Dose 1 and 28 days post-Dose 3) were analyzed for anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The primary immunogenicity end point, seroconversion defined as ≥3-fold increase in IgA, was compared in vaccinated infants among the 3 supplement groups and between vaccine/placebo groups using mixed model analysis of variance procedures. Seroconversion did not differ by supplementation group (41.1% (94/229) with LNS vs. 39.1% (102/261) with multiple micronutrients (MMN) vs. 38.8% (118/304) with IFA, p = 0.91). Overall, 39.6% (n = 314/794) of infants who received vaccine seroconverted, compared to 29.0% (n = 212/731) of infants who received placebo (relative risk [RR]: 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18, 1.57, p < 0.001). This study was conducted in a high rotavirus transmission setting. Study limitations include the absence of an immune correlate of protection for rotavirus vaccines, with the implications of using serum anti-rotavirus IgA for the assessment of immunogenicity and efficacy in low-income countries unclear.This study showed no effect of the type of prenatal nutrient supplementation on immune response in this setting. Immune response varied depending on previous exposure to rotavirus, suggesting that alternative delivery modalities and schedules may be considered to improve vaccine performance in high transmission settings.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02145000.
Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Including COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections, Associated with Large Public Gatherings — Barnstable County, Massachusetts, July 2021
Authors: Catherine M. Brown, Johanna Vostok, Hillary Johnson, Meagan Burns, Radhika Gharpure, Samira Sami, Rebecca T. Sabo, Noemi Hall, Anne Foreman, Petra L. Schubert, Glen R. Gallagher, Timelia Fink, Lawrence C. Madoff, Stacey B. Gabriel, Bronwyn MacInnis, Daniel J. Park, Katherine J. Siddle, Vaira Harik, Deirdre Arvidson, Taylor Brock-Fisher, Molly Dunn, Amanda Kearns, A. Scott Laney
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

During July 2021, 469 cases of COVID-19 associated with multiple summer events and large public gatherings in a town in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, were identified among Massachusetts residents; vaccination coverage among eligible Massachusetts residents was 69%. Approximately three quarters (346; 74%) of cases occurred in fully vaccinated persons (those who had completed a 2-dose course of mRNA vaccine [Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna] or had received a single dose of Janssen [Johnson & Johnson] vaccine ≥14 days before exposure). Genomic sequencing of specimens from 133 patients identified the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in 119 (89%) and the Delta AY.3 sublineage in one (1%). Overall, 274 (79%) vaccinated patients with breakthrough infection were symptomatic. Among five COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized, four were fully vaccinated; no deaths were reported. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) cycle threshold (Ct) values in specimens from 127 vaccinated persons with breakthrough cases were similar to those from 84 persons who were unvaccinated, not fully vaccinated, or whose vaccination status was unknown (median = 22.77 and 21.54, respectively). The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible (1); vaccination is the most important strategy to prevent severe illness and death. On July 27, CDC recommended that all persons, including those who are fully vaccinated, should wear masks in indoor public settings in areas where COVID-19 transmission is high or substantial.* Findings from this investigation suggest that even jurisdictions without substantial or high COVID-19 transmission might consider expanding prevention strategies, including masking in indoor public settings regardless of vaccination status, given the potential risk of infection during attendance at large public gatherings that include travelers from many areas with differing levels of transmission.
Glutathione peroxidase 4–regulated neutrophil ferroptosis induces systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Pengchong Li, Mengdi Jiang, Ketian Li, Hao Li, Yangzhong Zhou, Xinyue Xiao, Yue Xu, Suzanne Krishfield, Peter E. Lipsky, George C. Tsokos, Xuan Zhang
Journal: Nature Immunology (2021)
Exclusive: Four members of NICE’s guideline committee on ME/CFS stand down
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Four members of the NICE guideline development committee for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) left the group just weeks before the final guideline was due to be published, The BMJ has learnt.

The departures suggest divisions within the committee over the guideline’s final content, which is an update on 2007 guidance on diagnosing and managing ME/CFS. Three have resigned, and one has been removed by NICE.

The draft guidance, published in November 2020,1 included significant changes to the 2007 recommendations2 and raised questions about how the evidence could have shifted so substantially.

In 2007 NICE recommended interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise therapy for people with mild or moderate ME/CFS, whereas the draft update cites a “lack of evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions.” …
A novel approach for studying mast cell–driven disorders: Mast cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Yanyan Luo, Valeria Fernandez Vallone, Jiajun He, Stefan Frischbutter, Pavel Kolkhir, Sherezade Moñino-Romero, Harald Stachelscheid, Viktoria Streu-Haddad, Marcus Maurer, Frank Siebenhaar, Jörg Scheffel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Cytosponge-TFF3 Testing can Detect Precancerous Mucosal Changes of the Stomach
Authors: ANDREAS V. Hadjinicolaou, ALEXANDER A. Azizi, MARIA O’Donovan, IRENE Debiram, REBECCA C. Fitzgerald, MASSIMILIANO Di Pietro
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)

Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) and gastric atrophy (GA) are associated with increased risk of gastric cancer and are indications for endoscopic surveillance when affecting the proximal stomach.
Epithelial Neutrophilic Infiltrate: The Rising Star in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Maria Manuela Estevinho, Fernando Magro
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)

With great interest, we read the study by Narula et al1 where the central role of epithelial neutrophils in ulcerative colitis (UC) is hypothesized. Several studies have shown that histologic inflammation is a significant risk factor for UC relapse, need for treatment adjustments, surgery, and colorectal cancer.2 The spotlight has moved gradually toward finding the specific microscopic features that are worth searching for. Recent studies show that mucosal neutrophils (in the epithelium and lamina propria) are associated with significantly higher rates of need for corticosteroids or hospitalization, whereas other histologic features were not.
SUCCESSFUL ELIMINATION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS BY NS3-4A PROTEASE/NS5B POLYMERASE INHIBITORS COMBINATION THERAPY IN HUMAN HEPATOCYTE CHIMERIC MICE
Authors: Hayes Cn, Ochi H, Tateno C, Yoshizato K, Chayama K, Abe H, Takahashi S, Hiraga N, Ohara E, Imamura M, Iwao E, Mitsui F, Kawaoka T, Tsuge M
Journal: Hepatology (2010)