tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Covid-19: NHS will get £3bn of “recovery” funding to tackle pandemic fallout
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The NHS will receive an additional £3bn (€3.4bn; $4bn) next year to help services recover after the covid-19 pandemic, the UK chancellor has announced.In his spending review setting out investment plans for 2021-22, 1 Rishi Sunak said that the extra £3bn would include around £1bn to begin tackling the elective backlog and cut waiting lists, around £1.5bn to help ease existing pressures in the NHS caused by covid-19, and around £500m to improve access to mental health services and invest in the NHS workforce.The review, published on 25 November, said that there would be a £6.3bn cash increase in NHS spending in 2021-22, compared with 2020-21.Andrew Goddard, president of the Royal College of Physicians, said that the recovery funding was welcome but would not solve longer term problems."While this targeted funding will support clinicians to get by in the next 12 months, many of the pressures they face are caused by workforce shortages," he said."There is no quick fix to this.It will require long term funding commitments, including for a significant expansion of medical school places.The most effective way to reduce NHS backlogs and ease pressure is to increase the workforce that is available to treat patients."Chaand Nagpaul, BMA council chair, said that the £1bn allocated to tackle the backlog of non-covid care was nowhere near enough."The BMA estimates that this alone will cost almost £11bn to fund, so the £1bn pledged today is beyond inadequate and will mean that patients will continue to suffer," he said."While the injection of £1.5bn to the NHS this winter may go some way to alleviate some pressure in the immediate weeks, we need guarantees that increased spending this year will be sustained in the long term if it is to undo the damage wrought by years of underinvestment."Nagpaul added that the £500m allocated for mental health services would not make up for historical cuts combined with the impact of the pandemic on mental health.Sunak also announced that £4.2bn would be allocated to 70 hospitals to allow them to refurbish.But Nagpaul said that the money pledged was nowhere near enough for such ambitious projects, "while the funding for repairs to NHS buildings will not even cover the existing maintenance bill of £6.5bn."John Appleby, chief economist at the Nuffield Trust, said that it was not clear whether the £3bn would be enough to meet the "enormous challenge" faced by the NHS."Waiting lists will continue to grow as hospitals continue with time consuming infection prevention and control measures which significantly reduce the rate at which patients can be seen and treated," he said."That will create real pressure, requiring extra staff and capacity which will need to be fully funded if the NHS isn't going to spend the next decade running to catch up."
Where has all the influenza gone? The impact of COVID-19 on the circulation of influenza and other respiratory viruses, Australia, March to September 2020
Authors: Sheena G Sullivan, Sandra Carlson, Allen C Cheng, Monique BN Chilver, Dominic E Dwyer, Melissa Irwin, Jen Kok, Kristine Macartney, Jennifer MacLachlan, Cara Minney-Smith, David Smith, Nigel Stocks, Janette Taylor, Ian G Barr
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

The coronavirus disease pandemic was declared in March 2020, as the southern hemisphere’s winter approached. Australia expected co-circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, influenza and other seasonal respiratory viruses. However, influenza notifications were 7,029 (March–September) compared with an average 149,832 for the same period in 2015–2019*, despite substantial testing. Restrictions on movement within and into Australia may have temporarily eliminated influenza. Other respiratory pathogens also showed remarkably changed activity in 2020.
Impact of lanadelumab on health‐related quality of life in patients with hereditary angioedema in the HELP study
Authors: William R. Lumry, Karsten Weller, Markus Magerl, Aleena Banerji, Hilary J. Longhurst, Marc A. Riedl, Hannah B. Lewis, Peng Lu, Giovanna Devercelli, Gagan Jain, Marcus Maurer
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Abstract Background An objective of the phase 3 HELP Study was to investigate the effect of lanadelumab on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). Methods Patients with HAE‐1/2 received either lanadelumab 150 mg every 4 weeks (q4wks; n = 28), 300 mg q4wks ( n = 29), 300 mg every 2 weeks (q2wks; n = 27), or placebo ( n = 41) for 26 weeks (days 0–182). The Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE‐QoL) was administered monthly, consisting of four domain (functioning, fatigue/mood, fears/shame, nutrition) and total scores. The generic EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaire was administered on days 0, 98, and 182. Comparisons were made between placebo and (a) all lanadelumab‐treated patients and (b) individual lanadelumab groups for changes in scores (day 0–182) and proportions achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID, −6) in AE‐QoL total score. Results Compared with the placebo group, the lanadelumab total group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in AE‐QoL total and domain scores (mean change, −13.0 to −29.3; p &lt; 0.05 for all); the largest improvement was in functioning. A significantly greater proportion of the lanadelumab total group achieved the MCID (70% vs 37%; p = 0.001). The lanadelumab 300 mg q2wks group had the highest proportion (81%; p = 0.001) and was 7.2 times more likely to achieve the MCID than the placebo group. Mean EQ‐5D‐5L scores at day 0 were high in all groups, indicating low impairment, with no significant changes at day 182. Conclusion Patients with HAE‐1/2 experienced significant and clinically meaningful improvements in HRQoL measured by AE‐QoL following lanadelumab treatment in the HELP Study.
16258 Evaluation of different approaches in managing local skin reactions with the use of ingenol mebutate 0.015% and 0.05% during the treatment of actinic keratosis
Authors: Scott Freeman, Miriam S. Bettencourt, Meg Corliss, Nikeshia Dunkelly-Allen, Karen A. Veverka
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Cell‐Free Bilayered Porous Scaffolds for Osteochondral Regeneration Fabricated by Continuous 3D‐Printing Using Nascent Physical Hydrogel as Ink
Authors: Jingming Gao, Xiaoquan Ding, Xiaoye Yu, Xiaobin Chen, Xingyu Zhang, Shuquan Cui, Jiayue Shi, Jun Chen, Lin Yu, Shiyi Chen, Jiandong Ding
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Cartilage is difficult to self‐repair and it is more challenging to repair an osteochondral defects concerning both cartilage and subchondral bone. Herein, it is hypothesized that a bilayered porous scaffold composed of a biomimetic gelatin hydrogel may, despite no external seeding cells, induce osteochondral regeneration in vivo after being implanted into mammal joints. This idea is confirmed based on the successful continuous 3D‐printing of the bilayered scaffolds combined with the sol‐gel transition of the aqueous solution of a gelatin derivative (physical gelation) and photocrosslinking of the gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA) macromonomers (chemical gelation). At the direct printing step, a nascent physical hydrogel is extruded, taking advantage of non‐Newtonian and thermoresponsive rheological properties of this 3D‐printing ink. In particular, a series of crosslinked gelMA (GelMA) and GelMA‐hydroxyapatite bilayered hydrogel scaffolds are fabricated to evaluate the influence of the spacing of 3D‐printed filaments on osteochondral regeneration in a rabbit model. The moderately spaced scaffolds output excellent regeneration of cartilage with cartilaginous lacunae and formation of subchondral bone. Thus, tricky rheological behaviors of soft matter can be employed to improve 3D‐printing, and the bilayered hybrid scaffold resulting from the continuous 3D‐printing is promising as a biomaterial to regenerate articular cartilage.
131P Prognostic value of tumour regression grading (TRG) in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery for gastric cancer
Authors: J-W. Xie, Z. Xue, Y-K. Wu, J. Lu, C-H. Zheng, P. Li, J-B. Wang, J-X. Lin, Q-Y. Chen, L-L. Cao, M. Lin, R-H. Tu, Z-N. Huang, J-L. Lin, H-L. Zheng, C. Huang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
The Utility of Routine Fundus Photography Screening for Posterior Segment Disease
Authors: Nakul S. Shekhawat, Leslie M. Niziol, Sankalp S. Sharma, Sanil Joseph, Alan L. Robin, Brenda W. Gillespie, David C. Musch, Maria A. Woodward, Rengaraj Venkatesh
Journal: Ophthalmology (2020)
USPSTF Recommendations for Behavioral Counseling in Adults With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Authors: Anna Y. Kharmats, Scott J. Pilla, Mary Ann Sevick
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Elizabeth A. O'Connor, PhD; Corinne V. Evans, MPP; Megan C. Rushkin, MPH; Nadia Redmond, MSPH; Jennifer S. Lin, MD, MCR
Covid-19: Bereaved families, unions, and charities demand immediate public inquiry to save lives
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Families who have lost relatives to covid-19 have come together with trade unions and campaigning organisations to demand that the UK prime minister order an immediate statutory public inquiry into the government’s handling of the covid-19 pandemic to minimise further loss of life.

In a letter to Boris Johnson they argue that the pandemic inquiry must begin with a “rapid review phase,” like that at the beginning of the Taylor inquiry after the Hillsborough disaster, so that initial findings can be reported quickly.1

Organised by Covid-19 Bereaved Families for Justice, the letter’s signatories include the BMA, the Trades Union Congress, Unite, the GMB, Amnesty International, UK Black Pride, …
Performance of a single-use, rapid, point-of-care PCR device for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sheldon R Morris, Claire C Bristow, Michael R Wierzbicki, Mark Sarno, Lenore Asbel, Audrey French, Charlotte A Gaydos, Lydie Hazan, Leandro Mena, Purnima Madhivanan, Susan Philip, Saara Schwartz, Constance Brown, David Styers, Toni Waymer, Jeffrey D Klausner
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)
Insomnia and the risk of hypertension: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Liqing Li, Yong Gan, Xiaogang Zhou, Heng Jiang, Yulan Zhao, Qingfeng Tian, Yan He, Qiao Liu, Qian Mei, Chunmei Wu, Zuxun Lu
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2020)
Trends in Representation of Female Applicants and Matriculants in Canadian Residency Programs Across Specialties, 1995 to 2019
Authors: Gianni R. Lorello, Julie K. Silver, Genviève Moineau, Kristian McCarthy, Alana M. Flexman
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Disparities in representation between sexes have been shown at multiple career stages in medicine despite increasing representation in the overall physician workforce. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess sex representation of applicants to the Canadian R-1 entry match for postgraduate training programs from 1995 to 2019, comparing distribution between different specialties as well as applied vs matched applicants. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional analysis of aggregate data provided by the Canadian Resident Matching Service between 1995 and 2019 analyzed aggregate data for the Canadian R-1 residency match from 1995 through 2019. <h3>Exposures</h3> Applicant sex as reported in the Canadian Resident Matching Service database. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The sex representation of applicants was compared and the longitudinal trends in sex representation were analyzed by specialty between 1995 and 2019. The sex representation of overall applicants to the Canadian R-1 entry match were compared with matched applicants, and both were stratified by specialty. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 48 424 applicants were identified (26 407 [54.5%] female applicants), of which 41 037 were matched applicants. Using specialty groupings, female applicants were most highly represented in obstetrics and gynecology (1776 of 2090 [85.0%]) and least represented in radiology (658 of 2055 [32.0%]). Within individual subspecialties, female applicants had the lowest representation in neurosurgery (90 of 394 [22.8%]). While female applicants represented an increasing proportion of the overall applicant population between 1995 and 2019 (<i>z</i> = 2.71;<i>P</i> = .007), significant increases were seen in some, but not all, individual specialties. Differences by sex were found among Canadian medical graduate match rates to their top-ranked specialty: female applicants had a lower likelihood of being rejected for family medicine (rejection of male applicants: OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.39-0.54;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and psychiatry (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.46-0.76;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and were more likely to be rejected for all-encompassing surgery (acceptance of male applicants: OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.10-1.28;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Increasing representation of female residency applicants over time was seen in some, but not all, medical specialties in Canada, and sex-based differences in successful match rates were observed in some specialties. The reasons for these disparities require further investigation for corrective strategies to be identified.
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXXXIII
Authors: Jay A. Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

A safety culture encourages the reporting of mistakes so that all can learn from them and remedy underlying system problems. However, errors will only be reported in a culture in which most types of common human errors are not punished because all humans make errors, and usually there are underlying system problems contributing to this. All healthcare errors must be viewed partly as opportunities to improve. A safety culture includes good leadership, communication, learning, collaboration, mindfulness, medicine that is based on evidence and best practice, and care that is centered on the patient.
Regional Variations in Maternal Mortality and Health Workforce Availability in the United States
Authors: John E. Snyder, Anne L. Stahl, Robin A. Streeter, Michelle M. Washko
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Background: Skilled, high-quality health providers and birth attendants are important for reducing maternal mortality. Objective: To assess whether U.S. regional variations in maternal mortality rates relate to health workforce availability. Design: Comparison of regional variations in maternal mortality rates and women's health provider rates per population and identification of a relationship between these measures. Setting: U.S. health system. Participants: Women of child-bearing age and women's health providers, as captured in federal data sources from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Census Bureau, and Health Resources and Services Administration. Measurements: Regional-to-national rate ratios for maternal mortality and women's health provider availability, calculated per population for women of reproductive age. Provider availability was examined across occupations (obstetrician-gynecologists, internal medicine physicians, family medicine physicians, certified nurse-midwives), in service-based categories (birth-attending and primary care providers), and across the entire women's health workforce (all studied occupations). Results: Maternal deaths per population increased nationally from 2009 to 2017 and, in 2017, were significantly higher in the South and lower in the Northeast (P < 0.001) than nationally. The occupational composition and per-population availability patterns of the women's health workforce varied regionally in 2017. The South had the lowest availability in the nation for nearly every health occupation and category studied, and the Northeast had the highest. This exploratory analysis suggests that subnational levels of provider availability across a region may be associated with higher maternal mortality rates. Limitations: No causal relationship was established. Nationally representative maternal mortality and health workforce data sources have well-known limitations. Low numbers of observations limit statistical analyses. Conclusion: Regional variations in maternal mortality rates may relate to the availability of birth-attending and primary care providers. Primary Funding Source: None.
Government pledges shorter appraisals for doctors as part of drive to cut bureaucracy
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The government has said it wants shorter appraisals for doctors as part of its drive to reduce excess bureaucracy in the NHS.

A new appraisal format, which only takes 30 minutes to prepare and requires far less supporting evidence, has been in place since October 2020,1 after appraisals were suspended in March because of the covid-19 pandemic. A Department of Health and Social Care strategy document published on 24 November2 said the process will be retained subject to evaluation.

Streamlining appraisals is one of eight priority areas identified in the strategy for reducing bureaucracy. Others include making professional regulation proportionate, giving GPs more time …
201MO Real-world outcome of non-clear cell renal carcinoma patients: A single centre experience from Singapore
Authors: Y.C. Fong, H.S. Tan, H. Jiancheng, Q.S. Ng, T. Rajasekaran, J. Chan, W. Tan, G.G.Y. Lai, R. Kanesvaran
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
How Low Can You Go: What Is the Safe Threshold for Platelet Transfusions in Patients with Hematologic Malignancy in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Henry Ddungu, Elizabeth M Krantz, Isaac Kajja, Sandra Naluzze, Flavia Nalubwama, Hanifah Nabbanja, Warren Phipps, Jackson Orem, Noah Kiwanuka, Anna Wald
Journal: Blood (2017)
Malaria Chemoprevention in the Postdischarge Management of Severe Anemia
Authors: Titus K. Kwambai, Aggrey Dhabangi, Richard Idro, Robert Opoka, Victoria Watson, Simon Kariuki, Nickline A. Kuya, Eric D. Onyango, Kephas Otieno, Aaron M. Samuels, Meghna R. Desai, Michael Boele van Hensbroek, Duolao Wang, Chandy C. John, Bjarne Robberstad, Kamija S. Phiri, Feiko O. ter Kuile
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Children who have been hospitalized with severe anemia in areas of Africa in which malaria is endemic have a high risk of readmission and death within 6 months after discharge. No prevention strategy specifically addresses this period.We conducted a multicenter, two-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in nine hospitals in Kenya and Uganda to determine whether 3 months of malaria chemoprevention could reduce morbidity and mortality after hospital discharge in children younger than 5 years of age who had been admitted with severe anemia. All children received standard in-hospital care for severe anemia and a 3-day course of artemether-lumefantrine at discharge. Two weeks after discharge, children were randomly assigned to receive dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (chemoprevention group) or placebo, administered as 3-day courses at 2, 6, and 10 weeks after discharge. Children were followed for 26 weeks after discharge. The primary outcome was one or more hospital readmissions for any reason or death from the time of randomization to 6 months after discharge. Conditional risk-set modeling for recurrent events was used to calculate hazard ratios with the use of the Prentice-Williams-Peterson total-time approach.From May 2016 through May 2018, a total of 1049 children underwent randomization; 524 were assigned to the chemoprevention group and 525 to the placebo group. From week 3 through week 26, a total of 184 events of readmission or death occurred in the chemoprevention group and 316 occurred in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.78; P<0.001). The lower incidence of readmission or death in the chemoprevention group than in the placebo group was restricted to the intervention period (week 3 through week 14) (hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.42) and was not sustained after that time (week 15 through week 26) (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.47). No serious adverse events were attributed to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine.In areas with intense malaria transmission, 3 months of postdischarge malaria chemoprevention with monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in children who had recently received treatment for severe anemia prevented more deaths or readmissions for any reason after discharge than placebo. (Funded by the Research Council of Norway and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02671175.).
Patterns of Alcohol Use After Early Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Brian P. Lee, Gene Y. Im, John P. Rice, Ann Lazar, Ethan Weinberg, Hyosun Han, Haripriya Maddur, R. Mark Ghobrial, George Therapondos, Christine Hsu, Oren K. Fix, Sheila Eswaran, Kirti Shetty, Jag Chhatwal, Ozden O. Dalgic, Neha Jakhete, Constance Mobley, David W. Victor, Neil Mehta, Lisanne Dinges, Mary Rinella, Thomas D. Schiano, Michael R. Lucey, Norah Terrault
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Abstract 16167: A GWAS of EHR-Defined CAD Identifies Multiple Novel Loci Including the First 3 Loci on the X-Chromosome: The Million Veteran Program
Authors: Themistocles L Assimes, Scott M Damrauer, Jin Li, Yan Sun, Julie A Lynch, Derek Klarin, Scott L Duvall, Jie Huang, Jason L Vassy, Jennifer S Lee, Matthew S Freiberg, Deepak Voora, Sekar Kathiresan, William E Boden, Pradeep Natarajan, Donald R Miller, J M Gaziano, John Concato, Kelly Cho, Peter W Wilson, Daniel J Rader, Philip Tsao, Christopher J O'Donnell
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Genome wide association studies (GWAS) to date have identified 78 susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease (CAD). These loci explain a modest fraction of the heritability of CA...
Hand dermatitis in adults referred for patch testing: Analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2000 to 2016
Authors: Jonathan I. Silverberg, Erin M. Warshaw, Amber R. Atwater, Howard I. Maibach, Kathryn A. Zug, Margo J. Reeder, Denis Sasseville, James S. Taylor, Joseph F. Fowler, Melanie D. Pratt, Anthony F. Fransway, Matthew J. Zirwas, Donald V. Belsito, James G. Marks, Vincent A. DeLeo, Joel G. DeKoven
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Оцінка дефіциту селену та його лікування за допомогою препарату Цефасель у хворих на гастроентерологічну патологію
Authors: Yu.M. Stepanov, S.V. Kosynska, N.D. Chukhriienko
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

У статті наведено дані щодо дослідження дефіциту селену у хворих на хронічний гастрит, хронічний панкреатит, хронічний гепатит, неспецифічні запальні захворювання кишечника. Установлено, що дефіцит селену серед хворих спостерігався приблизно в 40 % випадків. У переважної більшості гастроентерологічних хворих із дефіцитом селену спостерігалися порушення антиоксидантної системи, хоча не простежувалось однозначної характерної зміни. Наведені дані ефективності лікування препаратом селеніту натрію Цефасель, що швидко коригує рівень селену та має добру переносимість.
Test for HIV wherever blood is taken, commission recommends
Authors: Shaun Griffin
Journal: BMJ (2020)

An independent commission has called on the UK government to end new HIV transmissions by 2030 and normalise HIV testing wherever blood is taken, including at GP surgeries, screening appointments, and in emergency departments.

An estimated 5900 people are currently living with undiagnosed HIV in England, significantly increasing the chance of unwittingly passing on the virus, according to the HIV Commission’s report.1

The publication—which is supported by Terrence Higgins Trust, the Elton John AIDS Foundation (EJAF), and the National AIDS Trust—calls for an 80% reduction in new HIV transmissions by 2025.

It also sets out a series of recommendations for England to become the first country to meet the …