tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Digital Case‐Finding Algorithm for Diagnosed but Untreated Hepatitis C
Authors: Brooke Wyatt, Ponni V. Perumalswami, Anna Mageras, Mark Miller, Alyson Harty, Ning Ma, Chip A. Bowman, Francina Collado, Jihae Jeon, Lismeiry Paulino, Amreen Dinani, Douglas Dieterich, Li Li, Maxence Vandromme, Andrea D. Branch
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Although chronic HCV infection increases mortality, thousands of patients remain diagnosed-but-untreated (DBU). We aimed to (1) develop a DBU phenotyping algorithm, (2) use it to facilitate case finding and linkage to care, and (3) identify barriers to successful treatment.We developed a phenotyping algorithm using Java and SQL and applied it to ~2.5 million EPIC electronic medical records (EMRs; data entered January 2003 to December 2017). Approximately 72,000 EMRs contained an HCV International Classification of Diseases code and/or diagnostic test. The algorithm classified 10,614 cases as DBU (HCV-RNA positive and alive). Its positive and negative predictive values were 88% and 97%, respectively, as determined by manual review of 500 EMRs randomly selected from the ~72,000. Navigators reviewed the charts of 6,187 algorithm-defined DBUs and they attempted to contact potential treatment candidates by phone. By June 2020, 30% (n = 1,862) had completed an HCV-related appointment. Outcomes analysis revealed that DBU patients enrolled in our care coordination program were more likely to complete treatment (72% [n = 219] vs. 54% [n = 256]; P < 0.001) and to have a verified sustained virological response (67% vs. 46%; P < 0.001) than other patients. Forty-eight percent (n = 2,992) of DBU patients could not be reached by phone, which was a major barrier to engagement. Nearly half of these patients had Fibrosis-4 scores ≥ 2.67, indicating significant fibrosis. Multivariable logistic regression showed that DBUs who could not be contacted were less likely to have private insurance than those who could (18% vs. 50%; P < 0.001).The digital DBU case-finding algorithm efficiently identified potential HCV treatment candidates, freeing resources for navigation and coordination. The algorithm is portable and accelerated HCV elimination when incorporated in our comprehensive program.
Concerns Regarding Surgeon Special Interest and Years Following Termination of Training
Authors: Jiun Yi Hoh, Sa-Bin Hong
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Comment on: International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma
Authors: Kian Fan Chung, Sally E. Wenzel, Jan L. Brozek
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

We commend CHUNG et al. [1] for their effort on consolidating recommendations for severe asthma in the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guidelines on the definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma.However, we were concerned by the recommendation that bronchial thermoplasty be performed ''only in the context of an Institutional Review Board-approved independent systemic registry or a clinical study'' [1].In addition to the positive benefits observed in our patients, bronchial thermoplasty has been demonstrated to be effective in several studies, including the pivotal AIR2 (Asthma Intervention Research 2) trial which resulted in this therapy's approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010 [2, 3].It has been shown to improve asthma-related quality of life and reduce exacerbations, emergency room visits and hospitalisations.Furthermore, these benefits have been sustained for .5 years with no significant safety concerns [4, 5].We agree that it is important to monitor the efficacy and safety of this and other new therapies in the real world, and that studies to better understand phenotypes of responding patients are warranted.However, mandating that this therapy be limited to the research setting will prevent many patients suffering from severe asthma with ongoing unmet needs from gaining access to bronchial thermoplasty and gaining better control of their disease.Given the demonstrated long-term efficacy (.5 years) and safety of this therapy, and since the therapeutic options for patients with severe asthma are currently limited, we feel that it is important to include bronchial thermoplasty for consideration as an effective treatment option for patients with severe refractory asthma.Bronchial thermoplasty is a safe and effective therapy for patients with severe, refractory asthma http://ow.
Treatment-induced arteriolar revascularization and miR-126 enhancement in bone marrow niche protect leukemic stem cells in AML
Authors: Bin Zhang, Le Xuan Truong Nguyen, Dandan Zhao, David E. Frankhouser, Huafeng Wang, Dinh Hoa Hoang, Junjing Qiao, Christina Abundis, Matthew Brehove, Yu-Lin Su, Yuxin Feng, Anthony Stein, Lucy Ghoda, Adrianne Dorrance, Danilo Perrotti, Zhen Chen, Anjia Han, Flavia Pichiorri, Jie Jin, Tijana Jovanovic-Talisman, Michael A. Caligiuri, Calvin J. Kuo, Akihiko Yoshimura, Ling Li, Russell C. Rockne, Marcin Kortylewski, Yi Zheng, Nadia Carlesso, Ya-Huei Kuo, Guido Marcucci
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2021)

During acute myeloid leukemia (AML) growth, the bone marrow (BM) niche acquires significant vascular changes that can be offset by therapeutic blast cytoreduction. The molecular mechanisms of this vascular plasticity remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we report on the changes that occur in the vascular compartment of the FLT3-ITD+ AML BM niche pre and post treatment and their impact on leukemic stem cells (LSCs). BM vasculature was evaluated in FLT3-ITD+ AML models (MllPTD/WT/Flt3ITD/ITD mouse and patient-derived xenograft) by 3D confocal imaging of long bones, calvarium vascular permeability assays, and flow cytometry analysis. Cytokine levels were measured by Luminex assay and miR-126 levels evaluated by Q-RT-PCR and miRNA staining. Wild-type (wt) and MllPTD/WT/Flt3ITD/ITD mice with endothelial cell (EC) miR-126 knockout or overexpression served as controls. The impact of treatment-induced BM vascular changes on LSC activity was evaluated by secondary transplantation of BM cells after administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to MllPTD/WT/Flt3ITD/ITD mice with/without either EC miR-126 KO or co-treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or anti-miR-126 miRisten. In the normal BM niche, CD31+Sca-1high ECs lining arterioles have miR-126 levels higher than CD31+Sca-1low ECs lining sinusoids. We noted that during FLT3-ITD+ AML growth, the BM niche lost arterioles and gained sinusoids. These changes were mediated by TNFα, a cytokine produced by AML blasts, which induced EC miR-126 downregulation and caused depletion of CD31+Sca-1high ECs and gain in CD31+Sca-1low ECs. Loss of miR-126high ECs led to a decreased EC miR-126 supply to LSCs, which then entered the cell cycle and promoted leukemia growth. Accordingly, antileukemic treatment with TKI decreased the BM blast-produced TNFα and increased miR-126high ECs and the EC miR-126 supply to LSCs. High miR-126 levels safeguarded LSCs, as shown by more severe disease in secondary transplanted mice. Conversely, EC miR-126 deprivation via genetic or pharmacological EC miR-126 knock-down prevented treatment-induced BM miR-126high EC expansion and in turn LSC protection. Treatment-induced CD31+Sca-1high EC re-vascularization of the leukemic BM niche may represent a LSC extrinsic mechanism of treatment resistance that can be overcome with therapeutic EC miR-126 deprivation.
COVID-19 vaccine-related interstitial lung disease: a case study
Authors: Ji Young Park, Joo-Hee Kim, In Jae Lee, Hwan Il Kim, Sunghoon Park, Yong Il Hwang, Seung Hun Jang, Ki-Suck Jung
Journal: Thorax (2021)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine whether BCG vaccination protects against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection as assessed by interferon γ release assays (IGRA) in children. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches of electronic databases 1950 to November 2013, checking of reference lists, hand searching of journals, and contact with experts. <b>Setting</b> Community congregate settings and households. <b>Inclusion criteria</b> Vaccinated and unvaccinated children aged under 16 with known recent exposure to patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Children were screened for infection with <i>M tuberculosis</i> with interferon γ release assays. <b>Data extraction </b>Study results relating to diagnostic accuracy were extracted and risk estimates were combined with random effects meta-analysis. <b>Results</b> The primary analysis included 14 studies and 3855 participants. The estimated overall risk ratio was 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.71 to 0.92), indicating a protective efficacy of 19% against infection among vaccinated children after exposure compared with unvaccinated children. The observed protection was similar when estimated with the two types of interferon γ release assays (ELISpot or QuantiFERON). Restriction of the analysis to the six studies (n=1745) with information on progression to active tuberculosis at the time of screening showed protection against infection of 27% (risk ratio 0.73, 0.61 to 0.87) compared with 71% (0.29, 0.15 to 0.58) against active tuberculosis. Among those infected, protection against progression to disease was 58% (0.42, 0.23 to 0.77). <b>Conclusions</b> BCG protects against <i>M tuberculosis</i> infection as well as progression from infection to disease. <b>Trial registration</b> PROSPERO registration No CRD42011001698 (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
26189 Patient Satisfaction with Teledermatology during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Judy Hamad, Amy W. Fox, Maria S. Kammire, Alison N. Hollis, Saif Khairat
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)

Introduction: As teledermatology experiences wider adoption with the Covid-19 pandemic, it is essential to examine patient experience with the modality. The objective of this study is to assess patient satisfaction with teledermatology among new-to-clinic vs existing clinic patients in the context of the rapid practice shift during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: We report a survey-based study of teledermatology patients seen at a major Southeastern medical center from May 13 to June 5, 2020. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction levels among new and existing patients, assessed with chi-squared and t tests. The secondary outcome was future willingness to use teledermatology, assessed with logistic regression. Results: Of 288 teledermatology patients seen during the study period, 184 (64%) completed the survey. Patients reported high overall satisfaction with teledermatology, with 159 (86%) participants reporting a positive experience with teledermatology. New patients had significantly higher overall satisfaction with teledermatology than follow-up patients (mean Likert 4.70 for new, 4.43 for existing; P = .03). Satisfaction with teledermatology did not significantly differ by age, race/ethnicity, education level, residence, or insurance status (P > .05). There was no significant difference in satisfaction by previous telehealth experience (P = .53); however, previous telehealth experience was associated with a higher odds of willingness to use telehealth in the future (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.31-4.35, P = .004). Conclusion: We report that the rapid expansion of teledermatology was met with high levels of patient satisfaction during the Covid-19 pandemic. Further studies are needed to identify disease-specific scheduling algorithms to ensure the visit modality suits the dermatologic condition being treated.
Assessment of Plasma Phospholipid Very-Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acid Levels and Healthy Aging
Authors: Lee B. Bockus, Mary L. Biggs, Heidi T. M. Lai, Marcia C. de Olivera Otto, Amanda M. Fretts, Barbara McKnight, Nona Sotoodehnia, Irena B. King, Xiaoling Song, David S. Siscovick, Dariush Mozaffarian, Rozenn N. Lemaitre
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Identifying novel factors that protect against age-related diseases and promote healthy aging is critical to public health. Higher levels of circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) are integrated biomarkers of diet and metabolism shown to have beneficial associations in cardiovascular disease and total mortality, but whether they are associated with overall healthy aging is unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association of circulating levels of 3 VLSFAs with unhealthy aging events, including incident chronic disease (cardiovascular disease, cancer, lung disease or severe kidney disease), physical dysfunction, and cognitive decline. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study used 1992 to 2014 data from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). The CHS is a multicenter, population-based study of cardiovascular disease among older adults. Among the 4559 CHS participants with available fatty acid data, 1879 participants who had an age-related event before their first measurement were excluded. Data analysis was performed in 2020. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Plasma phospholipid VLSFA levels were measured by thin-layer chromatography followed by gas chromatography. The main outcome was the hazard ratio (HR) of an incident unhealthy aging event associated with serial measures of plasma arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 2680 study participants (976 men [36.4%]), the mean (SD) age was 74.7 (4.8) years old at entry. During a median (interquartile range) of 6.4 (2.9-12.9) years of follow-up, 2484 participants experienced an unhealthy event. Compared with the lowest quintile, levels of behenic acid in the highest quintile of the fatty acid distribution were associated with 15% lower risk of an unhealthy event (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.97;<i>P</i>for trend = .01) after adjustment for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and clinical conditions. In analogous comparisons, levels of lignoceric acid were similarly associated with 16% lower risk of an unhealthy event (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.95;<i>P</i>for trend = .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that higher levels of circulating behenic acid and lignoceric acid are associated with lower risk of unhealthy aging events. These results highlight the need to explore determinants of circulating VLSFAs for potential novel efforts to promote healthy aging.
Vitamin D deficiency, a potential cause for insufficient response to sildenafil in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: María Callejo, Isabel Blanco, Joan Albert Barberá, Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>Vitamin D deficiency causes a reduced response to sildenafil but not to riociguat in rats with PAH. Lower levels of vitamin D were also retrospectively associated to insufficient response to PDE5 inhibitors in PAH patients.</b>https://bit.ly/3rZDcTF
Anti-aging effects of chlorpropamide depend on mitochondrial complex-II and the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
Authors: Zhifan Mao, Wenwen Liu, Yunyuan Huang, Tianyue Sun, Keting Bao, Jiali Feng, Alexey Moskalev, Zelan Hu, Jian Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Sulfonylureas are widely used oral anti-diabetic drugs. However, its long-term usage effects on patients' lifespan remain controversial, with no reports of influence on animal longevity. Hence, the anti-aging effects of chlorpropamide along with glimepiride, glibenclamide, and tolbutamide were studied with special emphasis on the interaction of chlorpropamide with mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoK-ATP) channels and mitochondrial complex II. Chlorpropamide delayed aging in Caenorhabditis elegans, human lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells and reduced doxorubicin-induced senescence in both MRC-5 cells and mice. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels were significantly increased in chlorpropamide-treated worms, which is consistent with the function of its reported targets, mitoK-ATP channels. Increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) were observed in chlorpropamide-treated worms. Moreover, the lifespan extension by chlorpropamide required complex II and increased mtROS levels, indicating that chlorpropamide acts on complex II directly or indirectly via mitoK-ATP to increase the production of mtROS as a pro-longevity signal. This study provides mechanistic insight into the anti-aging effects of sulfonylureas in C. elegans.
Predicting Molecular Phenotypes from Histopathology Images: A Transcriptome-Wide Expression–Morphology Analysis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yinxi Wang, Kimmo Kartasalo, Philippe Weitz, Balázs Ács, Masi Valkonen, Christer Larsson, Pekka Ruusuvuori, Johan Hartman, Mattias Rantalainen
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Molecular profiling is central in cancer precision medicine but remains costly and is based on tumor average profiles. Morphologic patterns observable in histopathology sections from tumors are determined by the underlying molecular phenotype and therefore have the potential to be exploited for prediction of molecular phenotypes. We report here the first transcriptome-wide expression–morphology (EMO) analysis in breast cancer, where individual deep convolutional neural networks were optimized and validated for prediction of mRNA expression in 17,695 genes from hematoxylin and eosin–stained whole slide images. Predicted expressions in 9,334 (52.75%) genes were significantly associated with RNA sequencing estimates. We also demonstrated successful prediction of an mRNA-based proliferation score with established clinical value. The results were validated in independent internal and external test datasets. Predicted spatial intratumor variabilities in expression were validated through spatial transcriptomics profiling. These results suggest that EMO provides a cost-efficient and scalable approach to predict both tumor average and intratumor spatial expression from histopathology images. Significance: Transcriptome-wide expression morphology deep learning analysis enables prediction of mRNA expression and proliferation markers from routine histopathology whole slide images in breast cancer.
Antibody responses to BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and their predictors among healthcare workers in a tertiary referral hospital in Japan
Authors: Takahiro Kageyama, Kei Ikeda, Shigeru Tanaka, Toshibumi Taniguchi, Hidetoshi Igari, Yoshihiro Onouchi, Atsushi Kaneda, Kazuyuki Matsushita, Hideki Hanaoka, Taka-Aki Nakada, Seiji Ohtori, Ichiro Yoshino, Hisahiro Matsubara, Toshinori Nakayama, Koutaro Yokote, Hiroshi Nakajima
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2021)
Functionalized Silk Vascular Grafts with Decellularized Human Wharton's Jelly Improves Remodeling via Immunomodulation in Rabbit Jugular Vein
Authors: Prerak Gupta, Gaurab Ranjan Chaudhuri, G. Janani, Manoj Agarwala, Debaki Ghosh, Samit K. Nandi, Biman B. Mandal
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Cell-free polymeric tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have shown great promise towards clinical translation; however, their limited bioactivity and remodeling ability challenge this cause. Here, a novel cell-free bioresorbable small diameter silk TEVG system functionalized with decellularized human Wharton's jelly (dWJ) matrix is developed and successfully implanted as interposition grafts into rabbit jugular vein. Implanted TEVGs remain patent for two months and integrate with host tissue, demonstrating neo-tissue formation and constructive remodeling. Mechanistic analysis reveals that dWJ matrix is a reservoir of various immunomodulatory cytokines (Interleukin-8, 6, 10, 4 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), which aids in upregulating M2 macrophage-associated genes facilitating pro-remodeling behavior. Besides, dWJ treatment to human endothelial cells upregulates the expression of functional genes (cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin), enables faster cell migration, and elevates nitric oxide (NO) production leading to the in situ development of endothelium. The dWJ functionalized silk TEVGs support increased host cell recruitment than control, including macrophages and vascular cells. It endows superior graft remodeling in terms of a dense medial layer comprising smooth muscle cells and elevates the production of extracellular matrix proteins (collagen and elastin). Altogether, these findings suggest that dWJ functionalization imitates the usefulness of cell seeding and enables graft remodeling.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: LAMP2 expression dictates azacytidine response and prognosis in MDS/AML
Authors: Alix Dubois, Nathan Furstoss, Anne Calleja, Marwa Zerhouni, Thomas Cluzeau, Coline Savy, Sandrine Marchetti, Mohamed Amine Hamouda, Sonia Boulakirba, François Orange, Sandra Lacas-Gervais, Jean-Michel Karsenti, Nicolas Mounier, Jérôme Tamburini, Alexandre Puissant, Frederic Luciano, Arnaud Jacquel, Patrick Auberger, Guillaume Robert
Journal: Leukemia (2019)