tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15991: African American Women Attending a Community Blood Pressure Screening Program
Authors: Gina P LUNDBERG, Telisa Spikes, Ijeoma Isiadinso, Puja K Mehta
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: The socioeconomic determinants of health (SEDoH) are contributors to the widening health disparities between White and AA women. Low income is a key contributor to poor cardiovascular (CV) health. Limited data exists on socioeconomic characteristics of African American (AA) women attending community blood pressure (BP) screenings. Objective: To examine whether income is related to BP in AA women attending community health screenings. Methods: AA women (n=972) attending community health screenings in metro Atlanta were evaluated from 2015 to 2019. Sociodemographics, health histories, point of care lipids, and BP were collected. Hypertension (HTN) was defined as systolic BP (SBP) &gt;130 or diastolic BP (DBP) &gt; 80 mmHg. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and OLS linear regression were used to examine SEDoH and BP after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and lipids. Results: Mean age was 51±14.1 years, mean SBP 132±19.6 mmHg and DBP 82±12 mmHg. In the unadjusted regression model, income of $48K-$96K (ß=4.1, se=2.0, p=&lt;.04) was associated with a higher SBP compared to those earning $96K and above. After adjusting for covariates, income groups &lt;$24K (ß=7.0, se=2.7, p=.01), $24K-$48K (ß=4.6, se=2.3, p=.05), &amp; $48K-$96K (ß=5.5, se=2.1, p=.01) were associated with a higher SBP. Age (ß=.52, se=.05, p=&lt;.001), BMI (ß=.53, se=.10, p=&lt;.001), current smoking (ß=7.7, se=3.5, p=.03) and total cholesterol (ß=1.0, se=.04, p=.02) were the only covariates significantly associated with increased SBP. Income of $48K-$96K (ß=2.7, se=1.4, p=.05) and current smoking (ß=5.1, se=2.3, p=.03) were associated with a higher DBP in the fully adjusted models. Conclusions: Middle-aged AA women have higher prevalence of HTN, even those with higher incomes. Understanding CV risks and SEDoH, between high and low levels of income, is essential to improving culturally appropriate care. Community based BP screenings targeting both low and middle income AA women are needed to identify AA women with HTN and reduce CV events.
Abstract PS18-35: Disparities in reporting of race and participation by race in genomic studies
Authors: Niloufar R Khanna, Niharika Dixit
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Background: Black/African American(B/AA) women are more likely to die of breast cancer as compared to White (Wh) women but are underrepresented in genomic research. Current genomic research that aims to classify breast cancer in order to personalize treatment in early breast cancer or to identify targets for therapy in advanced breast cancer fails to adequately represent B/AA women and other minority groups. This negatively impacts our current knowledge of breast cancer in non-Wh women and raises questions about the applicability of such testing in minority groups. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of race reporting and representation of non-White women in genomic studies. Methods: This a database study of all PubMed reported genomic testing studies to classify breast cancer for prognostic or predictive purposes. A PubMed search was conducted with articles from inception to the present with the following keyword search terms: “Breast Cancer Gene Expression Assay” AND “Race”, “PAM50” AND “Race”, “MammaPrint” AND “Race”, “Oncotype Dx” AND “Race”, “76 gene prognostic score” AND “Race”, Intrinsic Subtype” AND “Breast Cancer” AND “Race”. This search yielded 129 articles. 31 articles were removed due to lack of relevance. Results: Of the 98 articles remaining after applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 39 (40%) failed to report race in their analysis. Of the remaining 59 articles, 57 (96.61%) included Wh participants in their study, 54 (91.53%) included B/AA participants, 13 (22.04%) included Hispanics/Latinos, and 20 (33.90%) included Asians. Two of the major clinical trials of widely used testing such as Oncotype Dx and MammaPrint but did not report race in the pivotal studies. The genomic studies that included B/AA women were more likely to be health services research studies. The genomic studies that focused on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) were also more likely to have B/AA participants that ranged from 6%-52% of participants. For Oncotype Dx testing, B/AA women were more likely to have a later stage at diagnosis. While the number of patients with low risk was similar in all race groups, B/AA women were more likely to have high Ki-67 with uncertain significance of these findings. Conclusions: A significant number of genomic studies did not report race and ethnicity. Racial and ethnic minorities continue to be under-represented in genomic research and this raises questions about the wider applicability of this research in these populations. Large clinical studies should specifically report the race and ethnicity of participants to inform decision making. In addition, funders should require reporting of race in genomic studies. Citation Format: Niloufar R Khanna, Niharika Dixit. Disparities in reporting of race and participation by race in genomic studies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS18-35.
Reifying Racism in the COVID-19 Pandemic Response
Authors: Ruqaiijah Yearby
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:Structural Racism in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moving ForwardThis article is referred to by:An Open Dialogue on Health Disparities and Structural Racism: Response to Open Peer Commentaries
Asthma attacks seen in primary care halved in England during the pandemic, finds study
Authors: Shaun Griffin
Journal: BMJ (2021)

GPs in England saw patient consultations for asthma exacerbations halve during the UK’s first lockdown, a study has found,1 though the number of people needing hospital treatment remained the same.

Researchers used the Optimum Patient Care database, which collates medical records from general practices from across the UK, to study exacerbations among over 100 000 patients in England who had at least one such event between January 2016 and August 2020. During that time there were 278 996 exacerbations most of which (229 058, 82%) were managed in primary care. 

The researchers compared the exacerbation rate in two distinct periods for the five years studied—weeks 1 to 12 and weeks 13 to 32, which in 2020 was after lockdown was imposed on 23 March. They found that between March and August 2020 there was a …
Imatinib mesylate causes palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and nail dystrophy in three patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: N. Deguchi, T. Kawamura, A. Shimizu, R. Kitamura, M. Yanagi, N. Shibagaki, H. Matsue, S. Shimada
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Imatinib mesylate causes palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and nail dystrophy in three patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia Get access N. Deguchi, N. Deguchi Departments of Dermatology and Hematology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Kawamura, T. Kawamura Departments of Dermatology and Hematology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan T. Kawamura. E‐mail: tkawa@res.yamanashi‐med.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Shimizu, A. Shimizu Departments of Dermatology and Hematology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Kitamura, R. Kitamura Departments of Dermatology and Hematology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Yanagi, M. Yanagi Departments of Dermatology and Hematology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Shibagaki, N. Shibagaki Departments of Dermatology and Hematology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Matsue, H. Matsue Departments of Dermatology and Hematology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Shimada S. Shimada Departments of Dermatology and Hematology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 6, 1 June 2006, Pages 1216–1218, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07262.x Published: 01 June 2006
Association of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositive Antibody Test With Risk of Future Infection
Authors: Raymond A. Harvey, Jeremy A. Rassen, Carly A. Kabelac, Wendy Turenne, Sandy Leonard, Reyna Klesh, William A. Meyer, Harvey W. Kaufman, Steve Anderson, Oren Cohen, Valentina I. Petkov, Kathy A. Cronin, Alison L. Van Dyke, Douglas R. Lowy, Norman E. Sharpless, Lynne T. Penberthy
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Understanding the effect of serum antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on susceptibility to infection is important for identifying at-risk populations and could have implications for vaccine deployment.
Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in epidermal development in utero.
Authors: M. Schmuth, K. Schoonjans, Qc. Yu, J.w. Fluhr, D. Crumrine, Jean-Pierre Hachem, P. Lau, J. Auwerx, P.m. Elias, K.r. Feingold
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2002)
Withdrawing Ixekizumab in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis Who Achieved Minimal Disease Activity: Results From a Randomized, Double‐Blind Withdrawal Study
Authors: Laura C. Coates, Sreekumar G. Pillai, Hasan Tahir, Ivo Valter, Vinod Chandran, Hideto Kameda, Masato Okada, Lisa Kerr, Denise Alves, So Young Park, David H. Adams, Gaia Gallo, Matthew M. Hufford, Maja Hojnik, Philip J. Mease, Arthur Kavanaugh
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2021)

To evaluate the effect of withdrawing ixekizumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in whom minimal disease activity (MDA) has been achieved after open-label ixekizumab treatment.SPIRIT-P3 was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind withdrawal study of biologic treatment-naive adult patients with PsA who were treated with open-label ixekizumab for 36 weeks (160 mg at week 0, then 80 mg every 2 weeks). Patients in whom MDA was sustained for >3 consecutive months were randomized 1:1, between weeks 36 and 64, to undergo blinded withdrawal of ixekizumab treatment (placebo) or to continue ixekizumab treatment every 2 weeks up to week 104. The primary efficacy end point was time to relapse (loss of MDA) for randomized patients. Patients who experienced a relapse were re-treated with ixekizumab every 2 weeks up to week 104.A total of 394 patients were enrolled and received open-label ixekizumab every 2 weeks. Of those patients, 158 (40%) achieved sustained MDA and were randomized to undergo withdrawal of ixekizumab treatment (placebo every 2 weeks; n = 79) or to continue ixekizumab treatment every 2 weeks (n = 79). Disease relapse occurred more rapidly with treatment withdrawal (median 22.3 weeks [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 16.1-28.3]) compared to those who continued treatment with ixekizumab (median not estimable; P < 0.0001). Sixty-seven patients (85%) compared to 30 patients (38%) experienced relapse in the placebo group and the continued treatment group, respectively. Median time to achieving MDA again with re-treatment was 4.1 weeks (95% CI 4.1-4.3); in 64 of 67 patients (96%) who experienced relapse with treatment withdrawal, MDA was achieved again with re-treatment. Safety was consistent with the known safety profile for ixekizumab.Continued ixekizumab therapy is superior to ixekizumab withdrawal in maintaining low disease activity in biologic treatment-naive patients with PsA. Re-treatment with ixekizumab following a relapse may restore disease control in cases of treatment interruption.
Classification of the Gut Microbiota of Patients in Intensive Care Units During Development of Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: Wanglin Liu, Mingyue Cheng, Jinman Li, Peng Zhang, Hang Fan, Qinghe Hu, Maozhen Han, Longxiang Su, Huaiwu He, Yigang Tong, Kang Ning, Yun Long
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2020)

Abstract The gut microbiota of intensive care unit (ICU) patients displays extreme dysbiosis associated with increased susceptibility to organ failure, sepsis, and septic shock. However, such dysbiosis is difficult to characterize owing to the high dimensional complexity of the gut microbiota. We tested whether the concept of enterotype can be applied to the gut microbiota of ICU patients to describe the dysbiosis. We collected 131 fecal samples from 64 ICU patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to dissect their gut microbiota compositions. During the development of sepsis or septic shock and during various medical treatments, the ICU patients always exhibited two dysbiotic microbiota patterns, or ICU-enterotypes, which could not be explained by host properties such as age, sex, and body mass index, or external stressors such as infection site and antibiotic use. ICU-enterotype I (ICU E1) comprised predominantly Bacteroides and an unclassified genus of Enterobacteriaceae, while ICU-enterotype II (ICU E2) comprised predominantly Enterococcus. Among more critically ill patients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores &amp;gt; 18, septic shock was more likely to occur with ICU E1 (P = 0.041). Additionally, ICU E1 was correlated with high serum lactate levels (P = 0.007). Therefore, different patterns of dysbiosis were correlated with different clinical outcomes, suggesting that ICU-enterotypes should be diagnosed as independent clinical indices. Thus, the microbial-based human index classifier we propose is precise and effective for timely monitoring of ICU-enterotypes of individual patients. This work is a first step toward precision medicine for septic patients based on their gut microbiota profiles.
In Vivo Retention Quantification of Supramolecular Hydrogels Engineered for Cardiac Delivery
Authors: Maaike J. G. Schotman, Marijn M. C. Peters, Gerard C. Krijger, Iris van Adrichem, Remmert de Roos, John L. M. Bemelmans, Maarten J. Pouderoijen, Martin G. T. A. Rutten, Klaus Neef, Steven A. J. Chamuleau, Patricia Y. W. Dankers
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Recent advances in the field of cardiac regeneration show great potential in the use of injectable hydrogels to reduce immediate flush‐out of injected factors, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the encapsulated drugs. To establish a relation between cardiac function and retention of the drug‐encapsulating hydrogel, a quantitative in vivo imaging method is required. Here, the supramolecular ureido‐pyrimidinone modified poly(ethylene glycol) (UPy‐PEG) material is developed into a bioactive hydrogel for radioactive imaging in a large animal model. A radioactive label is synthesized, being a ureido‐pyrimidinone moiety functionalized with a chelator (UPy‐DOTA) complexed with the radioactive isotope indium‐111 (UPy‐DOTA‐ 111 In) that is mixed with the hydrogel. Additionally, bioactive and adhesive properties of the UPy‐PEG hydrogel are increased by supramolecular introduction of a UPy‐functionalized recombinant collagen type 1‐based material (UPy‐PEG‐RCPhC1). This method enables in vivo tracking of the nonbioactive and bioactive supramolecular hydrogels and quantification of hydrogel retention in a porcine heart. In a small pilot, cardiac retention values of 8% for UPy‐PEG and 16% for UPy‐PEG‐RCPhC1 hydrogel are observed 4 h postinjection. This work highlights the importance of retention quantification of hydrogels in vivo, where elucidation of hydrogel quantity at the target site is proposed to strongly influence efficacy of the intended therapy.
Database Updates and Resulting Changes in Data in Study of Vaginal Mesh Hysteropexy vs Vaginal Hysterectomy
Authors: Charles W. Nager
Journal: JAMA (2021)

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Abstract PS8-34: High rates of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> germline mutations among Arab patients with triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Hikmat Abdel-Razeq, Lama Abujamous, Rayan Bater
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Background: Patients with triple-negative (TN) disease, which represent 10-15% of all breast cancer cases, is associated with the worst prognosis among all breast cancer subtypes. Because of higher risk for BRCA mutation, patients diagnosed at age ≤60 years with triple-negative disease should undergo genetic testing. Identification of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation has clinical impact on breast and ovarian cancer prevention and treatment. Many drugs were recently approved for patients with BRCA mutation carriers. We here investigate the patterns and prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among Arab patients diagnosed with this breast cancer subtypes and treated at our institution. Patients and Methods: We utilized our database of all breast cancer patients, from Jordan and neighboring Arab countries, tested for BRCA mutations (n=1302) as per the NCCN guidelines. Patients with no expression of estrogen (ER) or progesterone (PR) receptors and negative for HER2 (triple-negative) were enrolled regardless of their age or family history. Following a detailed genetic counselling in a clinic established for this purpose, BRCA testing was then performed at 3 reference labs in UK and USA. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic and variant of uncertain significance (VUS). Results: During the three-year study period, a total of 171 (13.1%) of all patients in database fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Twenty-two (12.9%) patients were from Palestine, Syria and Iraq. Median age was 41 (range, 19-77) years and all were females. Among this group, a total of 45 (26.3%) were tested positive for BRCA1 (n=32, 18.7%) or BRCA2 (n=13, 7.6%) while 12 (7.0%) others had VUS. Mutations were detected in 26 (31.7%) of 82 patients who were triple-negative and diagnosed at age 40 years or younger. Additionally, 26 (36.6%) of 71 patients with triple-negative disease who had one or more close relatives with breast, pancreatic, or prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥7) had positive BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, too. In multivariate analysis, the impact of younger age on mutation rates was considered insignificant (OR: 1.86; 95%CI: 0.89-3.91; p=0.10). However, breast cancer diagnosis at any age with 2 or more close relatives with breast cancer have is associated with a significantly higher BRCA mutation rate (OR: 2.76; 95%CI: 1.13, 6.71; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Arab patients with triple-negative breast cancer subtype have very high BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation rates. Family history of breast cancer in close relatives further increase this risk. Citation Format: Hikmat Abdel-Razeq, Lama Abujamous, Rayan Bater. High rates of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations among Arab patients with triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS8-34.
Differential combination immunotherapy requirements for inflamed (warm) tumors versus T cell excluded (cool) tumors: engage, expand, enable, and evolve
Authors: Kellsye P Fabian, Michelle R Padget, Rika Fujii, Jeffrey Schlom, James W Hodge
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background Different types of tumors have varying susceptibility to immunotherapy and hence require different treatment strategies; these cover a spectrum ranging from ‘hot’ tumors or those with high mutational burden and immune infiltrates that are more amenable to targeting to ‘cold’ tumors that are more difficult to treat due to the fewer targetable mutations and checkpoint markers. We hypothesized that an effective anti-tumor response requires multiple agents that would (1) engage the immune response and generate tumor-specific effector cells; (2) expand the number and breadth of the immune effector cells; (3) enable the anti-tumor activity of these immune cells in the tumor microenvironment; and (4) evolve the tumor response to widen immune effector repertoire. Methods A hexatherapy combination was designed and administered to MC38-CEA (warm) and 4T1 (cool) murine tumor models. The hexatherapy regimen was composed of adenovirus-based vaccine and IL-15 (interleukin-15) superagonist (N-803) to engage the immune response; anti-OX40 and anti-4-1BB to expand effector cells; anti-PD-L1 (anti-programmed death-ligand 1) to enable anti-tumor activity; and docetaxel to promote antigen spread. Primary and metastatic tumor growth inhibition were measured. The generation of anti-tumor immune effector cells was analyzed using flow cytometry, ELISpot (enzyme-linked immunospot), and RNA analysis. Results The MC38-CEA and 4T1 tumor models have differential sensitivities to the combination treatments. In the ‘warm’ MC38-CEA, combinations with two to five agents resulted in moderate therapeutic benefit while the hexatherapy regimen outperformed all these combinations. On the other hand, the hexatherapy regimen was required in order to decrease the primary and metastatic tumor burden in the ‘cool’ 4T1 model. In both models, the hexatherapy regimen promoted CD4 + and CD8 + T cell proliferation and activity. Furthermore, the hexatherapy regimen induced vaccine-specific T cells and stimulated antigen cascade. The hexatherapy regimen also limited the immunosuppressive T cell and myeloid derived suppressor cell populations, and also decreased the expression of exhaustion markers in T cells in the 4T1 model. Conclusion The hexatherapy regimen is a strategic combination of immuno-oncology agents that can engage, expand, enable, and evolve the immune response and can provide therapeutic benefits in both MC38-CEA (warm) and 4T1 (cool) tumor models.
Dendritic cells: The first step
Authors: Gwendalyn J. Randolph
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

Ralph M. Steinman’s work on dendritic cells began in 1973 when he described and named the cells. Reminiscent of the late Justice Ginsburg’s perspective that enduring change happens not suddenly but one step at a time, the paper (1973. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.137.5.1142) was notably the first step in many steps of important work that revealed the nature of dendritic cells.