tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Part II
Authors: M. Akhtar
Journal: JAMA (1982)

IN A previous issue ofThe Journal(1982;247:671-674), the role of drug therapy in the control of ventricular tachyarrhythmias was explored. The discussion of this therapeutic approach continues, and two other broad categories of management, "pacing" and "surgery," are examined. <h3>Drug Therapy</h3><h3>Role of Electrophysiological Studies and Serial Drug Testing.—</h3> In recent years, electrophysiological studies have been used in an attempt to achieve a more objective therapeutic end point for the control of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.<sup>1</sup>This has been made possible by the realization that ventricular tachyarrhythmias can be induced by programmed electrical stimulation (PES) in the controlled environments of the electrophysiology laboratory. This is particularly true of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), both of which are generally reentrant in nature and, therefore, inducible with PES in a majority of patients who have experienced VT or VF or both. Programmed electrical stimulation is accomplished through electrode catheters (similar
Nasal obstruction.
Authors: H Ludman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

NASAL OBSTRUCTIONAcute short-lasting nasal obstruction is familiar as a symptom of the common cold and other upper respiratory tract viruses, trauma, and allergic reactions.Some patients, however, suffer chronic nasal obstruction, which is the topic of this article.Chronic nasal obstruction in childhood is most often caused by enlarged adenoids or by vasomotor rhinitis.Rare causes include congenital choanal atresia and tumours of the postnasal space (such as the nasopharyngeal angiofibroma).Chronic nasal obstruction in the adult is usually caused either by a deflection of the nasal septum or by vasomotor rhinitis and the mucosal swellings which vasomotor rhinitis may produce.A less common cause is chronic sinusitis (which will be dealt with in the next article).Rare t ; F} possibilities include benign and malignant tumours of the nose, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx and bacterially induced granulomatous diseases (tuberculosis, syphilis, leprosy).Iatrogenic nasal obstruction produced by topical vasoconstrictors-rhinitis medicamentosa-is so common that it deserves special mention.The harmful effects of long-standing nasal obstruction include chronic pharyngitis, chronic laryngitis, irritation of the gums, distortion of speech, and snoring at night.Temporary nasal obstruction is normal, as is alternation of obstruction between the nasal passages, but people vary greatly in their tolerance of a blocked nose. Common causesVasomotor rhinitis, the commonest cause of persisting nasal obstruction in both children and adults, is a disorder of the normal control of the shrinking and swelling of the nasal mucosa whereby it exercises its air- conditioning function.The cause may be allergic in a person sensitive to external allergens.It will be seasonal when allergens such as grass
Letter from Westminster
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The Government is now virtually at the half-way mark, with two years down and two to go, if we accept the received wisdom at Westminster that Mrs Thatcher is unlikely to hang on to the bitter end and will go to the country in the latter part of 1983.That means that there are two legislative years left.So now seems as good a time as any to take stock of how
PUERPERAL INSANITY
Authors: R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1902)

THE reproductive process is one of the most fundamental and imperative activities that operates in Nature.It is not limited to the reflexes involving the special instruments of reproduction, for it affects the whole organism; it depends upon vital protoplasmic bodily states, and includes most of the elementary excitations of which man is capable-the various sensations and sentiments, the pleasure of possession, admiration, self-esteem, love of approbation, reverence, exalted sympathies, and certain physiological wants; all of them enter into this great " complex," which involves the most powerful as well as the most compound of the feelings.This process in certain constitutions depending upon tem- perament, diathesis, and heredity, is apt to be disturbed; which is evidence, if any were needed.that the idea of mind and body being separate and independent is radically false, and that bodily phenomena accompanying states of feeling are not factors external and negligible, foreign to psychology, and without interest to it.When disturbance takes place during the fulfilment or after the immediate completion of this process, it converts (as Clouston states) the most joyous time of life into one of fearful anxiety, and, short of death, no event is so great a shock to all concerned, for the perfection of the providence for childhood is destroyed by disease, and the strongest affec- tion turns to hatred and becomes a danger.Those who have studied the reproductive life of woman admit that gestation is attended with much nervous disturb- ance in many, and some nervous disturbance in all; the inti- mate sympathetic connection of the mammae with the gravid uterus gives rise in normal persons to various forms of neur- algia, severe headaches, dizziness, and insomnia, whereas in highly-susceptible persons these changes of disposition and character become so marked that irritability, fractiousness, and despondency may and do amount to actual insanity; and although this period of life is less liable to insanity than any other, the dynamical changes in the nervous currents are so great that insanity does actually occur about once in every 700 confinements.As against these figures, however, it may be well to quote Ripping, who, whilst acknowledging and admitting that changes in the uterus or its appendagesphysiological or pathological-may have an effect upon the mental susceptibilities of woman, denies that these are ever profound enough to become a cause of insanity.(iENERAL 8TATISTICS.
index to advertisers
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BCL-2 expression promotes immunosuppression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by enhancing regulatory T cell differentiation and cytotoxic T cell exhaustion
Authors: Lu Liu, Xianfeng Cheng, Hui Yang, Senlin Lian, Yuegen Jiang, Jinhua Liang, Xiao Chen, Suo Mo, Yu Shi, Sishu Zhao, Jianyong Li, Runqiu Jiang, Dong-Hua Yang, Yujie Wu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) results in increased susceptibility to infections. T cell dysfunction is not associated with CLL in all patients; therefore, it is important to identify CLL patients with T cell defects. The role of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) in CLL has been explored; however, few studies have examined its role in T cells in CLL patients. Herein, we have investigated the regulatory role of BCL-2 in T cells in the CLL tumor microenvironment. Methods The expression of BCL-2 in T cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. The regulatory roles of BCL-2 were investigated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and verified using multi-parameter flow cytometry on CD4 and CD8 T cells. The clinical features of BCL-2 expression in T cells in CLL were also explored. Results We found a significant increase in BCL-2 expression in the T cells of CLL patients ( n = 266). Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) indicated that BCL-2 + CD4 + T cells had the gene signature of increased regulatory T cells (Treg); BCL-2 + CD8 + T cells showed the gene signature of exhausted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL); and increased expression of BCL-2 was associated with T cell activation and cellular adhesion. The results from scRNA-seq were verified in peripheral T cells from 70 patients with CLL, wherein BCL-2 + CD4 + T cells were enriched with Tregs and had higher expression of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β than BCL-2 − CD4 + T cells. BCL-2 expression in CD8 + T cells was associated with exhausted cells (PD-1 + Tim-3 + ) and weak expression of granzyme B and perforin. T cell–associated cytokine profiling revealed a negative association between BCL-2 + T cells and T cell activation. Decreased frequencies and recovery functions of BCL-2 + T cells were observed in CLL patients in complete remission after treatment with venetoclax. Conclusion BCL-2 expression in the T cells of CLL patients is associated with immunosuppression via promotion of Treg abundance and CTL exhaustion.
Hookworm infection.
Authors: H. G. Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1969)

ticular form.A number of patients are excluded from these results on the grounds of " advanced diseases or other reason."Those exclusions rise as high as 354 out of 892 patients seen with cancer of the hypo- pharynx (p.33), so that a considerable element of selection appears to be taking place.If in future editions of this useful book figures are also given as described by Mac- donald,' Berkson and Gage,2 or MacComb,' the appropriate corrections can be made when necessary to make these results comparable with other series.-Iam, etc., Hull.
Conceptual Advances in Immunology and Oncology: A Collection of Papers Presented at the Sixteenth Annual Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research, 1962, at the University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, Texas.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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Abortion.
Authors: A K Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The Doctors and Overpopulation Group is distressed by the attempt of Mr. Corrie to amend England's 1967 Abortion Act and recommends that members of the medical profession individually inform their representatives in Parliament of their support for the 1967 Act. The Group further suggests that members of Parliament who support the amendment should be asked how much support they are willing to give to family planning programs oriented toward preventing unwanted pregnancies and to programs providing assistance after delivery. Abuses of the Abortion Act should be corrected by improving a control mechanism and not by changing the fundamental principles embodied in the legislation.
Efficacy of Atezolizumab in Patients With Advanced NSCLC Receiving Concomitant Antibiotic or Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatment: Pooled Analysis of Five Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Ashley M. Hopkins, Sarah Badaoui, Ganessan Kichenadasse, Christos S. Karapetis, Ross A. McKinnon, Andrew Rowland, Michael J. Sorich
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
Difficult Labor.
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Annals Graphic Medicine - Eewy Body Dementia
Authors: Sharon Ostfeld-Johns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives21 January 2020Annals Graphic Medicine - Eewy Body DementiaFREESharon Ostfeld-Johns, MDSharon Ostfeld-Johns, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G19-0015 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G19-0015.Author/Illustrator Information: Sharon Ostfeld-Johns, MD, is a med-peds hospitalist at Yale New Haven Hospital (e-mail, [email protected]com).This article was published at Annals.org on 14 January 2020. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 January 2020Volume 172, Issue 2Page: W39-W47KeywordsConflicts of interestDementiaDisclosureHealth careHospitalists ePublished: 14 January 2020 Issue Published: 21 January 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Spinal Pumping
Authors: E. J. Field, J. B. Brierley
Journal: BMJ (1947)

The only remedy lies in the adoption of the procedures described in my previous letters.The value of the colour index in evaluating response to treatment lies in micro- cytic rather than macrocytic anaemias.It is a pity that Dr. Levy has attempted to introduce a pathologists-versus-clinicians atmosphere into the discussion; any interest shown by clinicians in these matters is welcome.There would also seem to be no justification for Dr. Jordan's introduction of the name of the late Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins.-Iam, etc.,
INFANTILE DIARRHOEA
Authors: A. V. Neale
Journal: BMJ (1931)

Judged from the available statistical reports& on diarrhoea in infants, the incidence has fallen considerably.In I905 in England and Wales the death rate in and enteritis in infants aged from three to twelve was 62.In I928 the same record shows a rate of only and it would appear that the overcrowded areas of cities are largely responsible at present, the relative from infantile diarrhoea in Birmingham2 being 26.5 in crowded central wards and only 8.5 in the outer Thus from the public health aspect much has achieved by way of-improving the general hygienic factors concerned in the problem-more particularly regarding regulations of better and cleaner food supplies, especially in the case of milk.Certain uncontrollable factors, ever, periodically cause great fluctuations in the incidence of diarrhoeal disease-for instance, the abnormally hot dry summer of 192I.Clinically diarrhoea in the infant is a common and fre- quently a most important sign of ill-health.The complex functions of the alimentary tract are easily thrown out rhythm by a wide variety of causes, some apparently trivial, others grave in themselves.Physiologically infant's alimentary tract is only capable of dealing with a narrow range of food; hence nature's arrangement for nearly complete food in one medium-milk.Clinically we recognize certain principal causes operating in infantile diarrhoea, such as abnormal reactions to food irritants, bacterial or chemical, ingested with food; irritants produced in the bowel by fermentative changes; specific enteral infections and parenteral infections generally.Excessive carbohydrates or fat is sometimes responsible alone, but intolerance to protein is extremely rare, and the probable reasons for this I will note later.Of the specific infections of the alimentary tract causing acute diarrhoea in infancy, dysentery bacilli (Soean Fl[xneir ), and typical and atypical forms of the paratyphoid bacilli are not infrequently responsibl, and specific agglutinins may be detected in the blood after- wards.Various strains of streptococci and the pneumococci are recognizable in some outbreaks.A period of acute diarrhoea is frequently seen at the commencement of an acute exanthem, often, in fact, several days before any other clinical features appear, this being a good illustration of the ease with which the alimentary functioning in the infant is disturbed.Outbreaks of summer diarrhoea may or may not have a recognizable bacterial cause, but several factors in the environment are related, atmospheric humidity and temperature being foremost.The prolonged hot dry
The Surgical Complications and Sequels of Typhoid Fever.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insulin Prevents Hypercholesterolemia by Suppressing 12α-Hydroxylated Bile Acids
Authors: Ivana Semova, Amy E. Levenson, Joanna Krawczyk, Kevin Bullock, Mary E. Gearing, Alisha V. Ling, Kathryn A. Williams, Ji Miao, Stuart S. Adamson, Dong-Ju Shin, Satyapal Chahar, Mark J. Graham, Rosanne M. Crooke, Lee R. Hagey, David Vicent, Sarah D. de Ferranti, Srividya Kidambi, Clary B. Clish, Sudha B. Biddinger
Journal: Circulation (2022)

The risk of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes remains extremely high, despite marked advances in blood glucose control and even the widespread use of cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Thus, a deeper understanding of insulin regulation of cholesterol metabolism, and its disruption in type 1 diabetes, could reveal better treatment strategies.To define the mechanisms by which insulin controls plasma cholesterol levels, we knocked down the insulin receptor, FoxO1, and the key bile acid synthesis enzyme, CYP8B1. We measured bile acid composition, cholesterol absorption, and plasma cholesterol. In parallel, we measured markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis in humans with type 1 diabetes treated with ezetimibe and simvastatin in a double-blind crossover study.Mice with hepatic deletion of the insulin receptor showed marked increases in 12α-hydroxylated bile acids, cholesterol absorption, and plasma cholesterol. This phenotype was entirely reversed by hepatic deletion of FoxO1. FoxO1 is inhibited by insulin and required for the production of 12α-hydroxylated bile acids, which promote intestinal cholesterol absorption and suppress hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Knockdown of Cyp8b1 normalized 12α-hydroxylated bile acid levels and completely prevented hypercholesterolemia in mice with hepatic deletion of the insulin receptor (n=5-30), as well as mouse models of type 1 diabetes (n=5-22). In parallel, the cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, normalized cholesterol absorption and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with type 1 diabetes as well as, or better than, the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, simvastatin (n=20).Insulin, by inhibiting FoxO1 in the liver, reduces 12α-hydroxylated bile acids, cholesterol absorption, and plasma cholesterol levels. Thus, type 1 diabetes leads to a unique set of derangements in cholesterol metabolism, with increased absorption rather than synthesis. These derangements are reversed by ezetimibe, but not statins, which are currently the first line of lipid-lowering treatment in type 1 diabetes. Taken together, these data suggest that a personalized approach to lipid lowering in type 1 diabetes may be more effective and highlight the need for further studies specifically in this group of patients.
Optimizing Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Innovative Approaches to Public-Access Defibrillation: A Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
Authors: Steven C. Brooks, Gareth R. Clegg, Janet Bray, Charles D. Deakin, Gavin D. Perkins, Mattias Ringh, Christopher M. Smith, Mark S. Link, Raina M. Merchant, Jaime Pezo-Morales, Michael Parr, Laurie J. Morrison, Tzong-Luen Wang, Rudolph W. Koster, Marcus E.H. Ong
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a global public health issue experienced by ≈3.8 million people annually. Only 8% to 12% survive to hospital discharge. Early defibrillation of shockable rhythms is associated with improved survival, but ensuring timely access to defibrillators has been a significant challenge. To date, the development of public-access defibrillation programs, involving the deployment of automated external defibrillators into the public space, has been the main strategy to address this challenge. Public-access defibrillator programs have been associated with improved outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; however, the devices are used in <3% of episodes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This scientific statement was commissioned by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation with 3 objectives: (1) identify known barriers to public-access defibrillator use and early defibrillation, (2) discuss established and novel strategies to address those barriers, and (3) identify high-priority knowledge gaps for future research to address. The writing group undertook systematic searches of the literature to inform this statement. Innovative strategies were identified that relate to enhanced public outreach, behavior change approaches, optimization of static public-access defibrillator deployment and housing, evolved automated external defibrillator technology and functionality, improved integration of public-access defibrillation with existing emergency dispatch protocols, and exploration of novel automated external defibrillator delivery vectors. We provide evidence- and consensus-based policy suggestions to enhance public-access defibrillation and guidance for future research in this area.