tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colon capsule endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review
Authors: Fanny E. R. Vuik, Stella A. V. Nieuwenburg, Sarah Moen, Cristiano Spada, Carlo Senore, Cesare Hassan, Marco Pennazio, Emanuele Rondonotti, Silvia Pecere, Ernst J. Kuipers, Manon C. W. Spaander
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Abstract Introduction Primary colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are the most commonly used colorectal cancer (CRC) screening modalities. Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) might be an alternative. Data on the performance of CCE as a CRC screening tool in a screening population remain scarce. This is the first systematic review to provide an overview of the applicability of CCE as a CRC screening tool. Methods A systematic search was conducted of literature published up to September 2020. Studies reporting on CRC screening by second-generation CCE in an average-risk screening population were included. Results 582 studies were identified and 13 were included, comprising 2485 patients. Eight studies used CCE as a filter test after a positive FIT result and five studies used CCE for primary screening. The polyp detection rate of CCE was 24 % – 74 %. For polyps &gt; 6 mm, sensitivity of CCE was 79 % – 96 % and specificity was 66 % – 97 %. For polyps ≥ 10 mm, sensitivity of CCE was 84 % – 97 %, which was superior to computed tomographic colonography (CTC). The CRC detection rate for completed CCEs was 93 % (25/27). Bowel preparation was adequate in 70 % – 92 % of examinations, and completion rates varied from 57 % to 92 %, depending on the booster used. No CCE-related complications were described. Conclusion CCE appeared to be a safe and effective tool for the detection of CRC and polyps in a screening setting. Accuracy was comparable to colonoscopy and superior to CTC, making CCE a good alternative to colonoscopy in CRC screening programs, although completion rates require improvement.
Media Portrayals of Outcomes After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Shannon M. Fernando, Rebecca Mathew, Arthur S. Slutsky, Bram Rochwerg, Kwadwo Kyeremanteng, Alain Combes, Daniel Brodie
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

This cross-sectional study evaluates reports of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation published in online media to systematically assess how mortality and disability attributed to this therapy were portrayed.
ARID1A Mutation May Define an Immunologically Active Subgroup in Patients with Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Amir Mehrvarz Sarshekeh, Jumanah Alshenaifi, Jason Roszik, Ganiraju C. Manyam, Shailesh M. Advani, Riham Katkhuda, Anuj Verma, Michael Lam, Jason Willis, John Paul Shen, Jeffrey Morris, Jennifer S. Davis, Jonathan M. Loree, Hey Min Lee, Jaffer A. Ajani, Dipen M. Maru, Michael J. Overman, Scott Kopetz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is commonly mutated in colorectal cancer, frequently resulting in truncation and loss of protein expression. ARID1A recruits MSH2 for mismatch repair during DNA replication. ARID1A deficiency promotes hypermutability and immune activation in preclinical models, but its role in patients with colorectal cancer is being explored. Experimental Design: The DNA sequencing and gene expression profiling of patients with colorectal cancer were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas and MD Anderson Cancer Center databases, with validation utilizing external databases, and correlation between ARID1A and immunologic features. IHC for T-cell markers was performed on a separate cohort of patients. Results: Twenty-eight of 417 patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (6.7%) had ARID1A mutation. Among 58 genes most commonly mutated in colorectal cancer, ARID1A mutation had the highest increase with frameshift mutation rates in MSS cases (8-fold, P &amp;lt; 0.001). In MSS, ARID1A mutation was enriched in immune subtype (CMS1) and had a strong correlation with IFNγ expression (Δz score +1.91, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Compared with ARID1A wild-type, statistically significant higher expression for key checkpoint genes (e.g., PD-L1, CTLA4, and PDCD1) and gene sets (e.g., antigen presentation, cytotoxic T-cell function, and immune checkpoints) was observed in mutant cases. This was validated by unsupervised differential expression of genes related to immune response and further confirmed by higher infiltration of T cells in IHC of tumors with ARID1A mutation (P = 0.01). Conclusions: The immunogenicity of ARID1A-mutant cases is likely due to an increased level of neoantigens resulting from increased tumor mutational burden and frameshift mutations. Tumors with ARID1A mutation may be more susceptible to immune therapy–based treatment strategies and should be recognized as a unique molecular subgroup in future immune therapy trials.
Abstract 16806: Changes in Wall Stress in Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms From Systole to Diastole
Authors: Andrew Liu, Zhongjie Wang, Yue XUAN, Michael D Hope, Liang Ge, Elaine E Tseng
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Aortic rupture or dissection of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (aTAA) is a life-threatening pathology that can occur when wall stress exceeds wall strength. Surgical guidelines for repair is when aneurysm max diameter ≥5.5 cm. However, rupture has been documented at various sizes, including 60% &lt;4.5cm. Wall stress may be a better predictor of dissection than diameter, using finite element analysis (FEA) of patient-specific aTAA models to assess patient-specific risk of dissection. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in aneurysm FEA peak wall stresses in patients during the cardiac cycle from systole to diastole. Methods: Preoperative aTAA patients (n = 20) underwent ECG-gated computed tomography (CT) scans at systolic and diastolic phases. Patient-specific 3D aneurysm geometries were reconstructed from the imaging data at both phases and after accounting for pre-stress, underwent FEA using LS-DYNA solver. Wall stress distribution and magnitude were determined using user-defined fiber-embedded material model at systole (120mmHg) and diastole (80mmHg). Aortic volume changes during the cardiac cycle were determined using computer-aided design tools. Results: From the diastolic model, the 99 th percentile circumferential stresses were 348.8 ±105.6 kPa and 186.6 ±31.4 kPa for the sinus and ascending aorta respectively, while for the systolic model, they were 500.7 ±183.7 kPa (p=0.00072) and 296.5 ±64.4 kPa (p &lt; .00001), respectively. The 99th percentile longitudinal stresses from the diastolic model were 223.2 ±75.4 kPa and 126.1 ±20.4 kPa for the sinus and ascending aorta, respectively, while for the systolic model, they were 336.3 ±78.4 kPa (p &lt; .00001), and 235.2 ±48.0 kPa (p &lt; .00001), respectively. Mean volume change of the ascending aorta in percentage between systolic and diastolic phases was 6.34%. Conclusions: Peak circumferential and longitudinal stresses changed significantly from systole to diastole. For patients with significant hypertension, these differences in wall stress may be magnified such that sudden or significant hypertension may result in wall stress values that exceed tissue strength leading to dissection.
An Upstream Open Reading Frame in Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Encodes a Circuit Breaker of Lactate Metabolism
Authors: Nunu Huang, Fanying Li, Maolei Zhang, Huangkai Zhou, Zhipeng Chen, Xiaoyan Ma, Lixuan Yang, Xujia Wu, Jian Zhong, Feizhe Xiao, Xuesong Yang, Kun Zhao, Xixi Li, Xin Xia, Zexian Liu, Song Gao, Nu Zhang
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2021)
Fast photocurable thiol-ene elastomers with tunable biodegradability, mechanical and surface properties enhance myoblast differentiation and contractile function
Authors: Mohamed Alaa Mohamed, Aref Shahini, Nika Rajabian, Julia Caserto, Ahmed M.A. El-Sokkary, Magda A. Akl, Stelios T. Andreadis, Chong Cheng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Biodegradable elastomers are important emerging biomaterials for biomedical applications, particularly in the area of soft-tissue engineering in which scaffolds need to match the physicochemical properties of native tissues. Here, we report novel fast photocurable elastomers with readily tunable mechanical properties, surface wettability, and degradability. These elastomers are prepared by a 5-min UV-irradiation of thiol-ene reaction systems of glycerol tripentenoate (GTP; a triene) or the combination of GTP and 4-pentenyl 4-pentenoate (PP; a diene) with a carefully chosen series of di- or tri-thiols. In the subsequent application study, these elastomers were found to be capable of overcoming delamination of myotubes, a technical bottleneck limiting the
Clinical Implications of Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Infants With <i>KMT2A</i>-Rearranged Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated on the Interfant-06 Protocol
Authors: Janine Stutterheim, Inge M. van der Sluis, Paola de Lorenzo, Julia Alten, Philip Ancliffe, Andishe Attarbaschi, Benoit Brethon, Andrea Biondi, Myriam Campbell, Giovanni Cazzaniga, Gabriele Escherich, Alina Ferster, Rishi S. Kotecha, Birgitte Lausen, Chi Kong Li, Luca Lo Nigro, Franco Locatelli, Rolf Marschalek, Claus Meyer, Martin Schrappe, Jan Stary, Ajay Vora, Jan Zuna, Vincent H. J. van der Velden, Tomasz Szczepanski, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Rob Pieters
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by a high incidence of KMT2A gene rearrangements and poor outcome. We evaluated the value of minimal residual disease (MRD) in infants with KMT2A-rearranged ALL treated within the Interfant-06 protocol, which compared lymphoid-style consolidation (protocol IB) versus myeloid-style consolidation (araC, daunorubicin, etoposide/mitoxantrone, araC, etoposide).MRD was measured in 249 infants by DNA-based polymerase chain reaction of rearranged KMT2A, immunoglobulin, and/or T-cell receptor genes, at the end of induction (EOI) and end of consolidation (EOC). MRD results were classified as negative, intermediate (< 5 × 10-4), and high (≥ 5 × 10-4).EOI MRD levels predicted outcome with 6-year disease-free survival (DFS) of 60.2% (95% CI, 43.2 to 73.6), 45.0% (95% CI, 28.3 to 53.1), and 33.8% (95% CI, 23.8 to 44.1) for infants with negative, intermediate, and high EOI MRD levels, respectively (P = .0039). EOC MRD levels were also predictive of outcome, with 6-year DFS of 68.2% (95% CI, 55.2 to 78.1), 40.1% (95% CI, 28.1 to 51.9), and 11.9% (95% CI, 2.6 to 29.1) for infants with negative, intermediate, and high EOC MRD levels, respectively (P < .0001). Analysis of EOI MRD according to the type of consolidation treatment showed that infants treated with lymphoid-style consolidation had 6-year DFS of 78.2% (95% CI, 51.4 to 91.3), 47.2% (95% CI, 33.0 to 60.1), and 23.2% (95% CI, 12.1 to 36.4) for negative, intermediate, and high MRD levels, respectively (P < .0001), while for myeloid-style-treated patients the corresponding figures were 45.0% (95% CI, 23.9 to 64.1), 41.3% (95% CI, 23.2 to 58.5), and 45.9% (95% CI, 29.4 to 60.9).This study provides support for the idea that induction therapy selects patients for subsequent therapy; infants with high EOI MRD may benefit from AML-like consolidation (DFS 45.9% v 23.2%), whereas patients with low EOI MRD may benefit from ALL-like consolidation (DFS 78.2% v 45.0%). Patients with positive EOC MRD had dismal outcomes. These findings will be used for treatment interventions in the next Interfant protocol.
Abstract 13123: Diflunisal is Associated With Improved Mortality in Patients With Wild-Type ATTR Cardiac Amyloidosis: The BU Amyloidosis Center Experience
Authors: Yuliya Y Mints, John L Berk, Lawreen Connors, Gheorghe Doros, Deepa M Gopal, Shivangi Kataria, Graham Lohrmann, Alexandra R Pipilas, Frederick L Ruberg, Omar K Siddiqi
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Wild-type transthyretin (ATTRwt) cardiac amyloidosis is a progressive restrictive cardiomyopathy, characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid protein fibrils derived from g...
Nanocarrier vaccines for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jatin Machhi, Farah Shahjin, Srijanee Das, Milankumar Patel, Mai Mohamed Abdelmoaty, Jacob D. Cohen, Preet Amol Singh, Ashish Baldi, Neha Bajwa, Raj Kumar, Lalit K. Vora, Tapan A. Patel, Maxim D. Oleynikov, Dhruvkumar Soni, Pravin Yeapuri, Insiya Mukadam, Rajashree Chakraborty, Caroline G. Saksena, Jonathan Herskovitz, Mahmudul Hasan, David Oupicky, Suvarthi Das, Ryan F. Donnelly, Kenneth S. Hettie, Linda Chang, Howard E. Gendelman, Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2021)
Abstract 16179: Rap-011, a Murine Ortholog of ActRIIA-Fc (Sotatercept), Improves Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Restores Right Ventricular Structure and Function in a Preclinical Model of Severe Angio-Obliterative Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Sachindra R Joshi, Jun Liu, R S Pearsall, Gang Li, Ravindra Kumar
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Novel therapies that repair remodeled pulmonary arteries, improve pulmonary hemodynamics and restore right ventricular (RV) structure and function are warranted in pulmonary arterial ...
Abstract 14849: Lifetime Benefit of Empagliflozin in Extending Survival Free From Insulin Initiation in Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: An Actuarial Analysis of EMPA-REG OUTCOME
Authors: Muthiah Vaduganathan, Naveed Sattar, David H Fitchett, Anne Pernille Ofstad, Martina Brueckmann, Jyothis T George, Subodh Verma, Michaela Mattheus, Christoph Wanner, Silvio E Inzucchi, Bernard Zinman, Javed Butler
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Many patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) will, over time, require insulin therapy for glycemic control. Treatment-attendant adverse effects of insulin such as weight gain and hypoglycemia may be especially problematic in those with CVD. Delaying the need for insulin initiation may therefore be an important therapeutic goal, especially in those with CVD. Methods: This actuarial analysis evaluated the 3,633 (52%) of 7,020 EMPA-REG OUTCOME participants who were not using insulin at baseline. Patients were randomized to the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (EMPA) 10mg, 25mg, or placebo (PBO). After the first 12 weeks, changes in background antihyperglycemic therapy were allowed. We estimated survival time free from insulin initiation (sustained over ≥2 consecutive study visits) over patients’ lifetimes by using baseline age as the time horizon. Age-based Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed for each year of age between 45 and 80 years. Differences in area under the survival curve between treatment arms represented treatment effects on time spent alive and free from insulin initiation. Results: During median follow-up of 3.2 years, insulin was required in 172 patients (7.1%) with EMPA and 196 (16.4%) with PBO. Lifetime benefits on insulin-free survival were inversely related to baseline age, ranging from 1.4 to 11.3 years. For a 45-year-old, estimated insulin-free survival was 20.1 years with EMPA and 10.0 years with PBO (difference: 10.1 years; 95% CI 5.7-14.5 years; P&lt;0.0001). At age 60 years, insulin-free survival was 16.7 vs. 10.5 years (difference: 6.2 [4.6-7.8]; P&lt;0.0001), and at age 75 years, 9.7 vs. 8.1 years (difference: 1.5 [0.0-3.1]; P=0.056). Conclusions: Assuming stable lifetime effects, we estimate that initiation of EMPA prolongs time alive free from need for insulin by 1.4 to over 11 years among adults with T2D and CVD. While benefits were most pronounced among younger patients, EMPA reduced the need for insulin across a broad age range.
Characterization of Ebola Virus–Associated Eye Disease
Authors: Allen O. Eghrari, Rachel J. Bishop, Robin D. Ross, Bionca Davis, Jemma Larbelee, Fred Amegashie, Robert F. Dolo, S. Grace Prakalapakorn, Catherine Gaisie, Catherine Gargu, Yassah Sosu, Jennie Sackor, Precious Z. Cooper, Augustine Wallace, Ruth Nyain, Maima Gray, Famatta Kamara, Bryn Burkholder, Christopher J. Brady, Vincent Ray, Kirstin L. Tawse, Ian Yeung, James D. Neaton, Elizabeth S. Higgs, H. Clifford Lane, Cavan Reilly, Michael C. Sneller, Mosoka P. Fallah
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD) may experience ocular sequelae. Comparison with antibody-negative individuals from the local population is required to characterize the disease. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess features of ophthalmic disease specific to EVD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This baseline cross-sectional analysis of survivors of EVD and their close contacts was conducted within PREVAIL III, a 5-year, longitudinal cohort study. Participants who enrolled at John F. Kennedy Medical Center in Liberia, West Africa from June 2015 to March 2016 were included in this analysis. Close contacts were defined as household members or sex partners of survivors of EVD. Data were analyzed from July 2016 to July 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> All participants, both survivors and close contacts, underwent testing of IgG antibody levels against Ebola virus surface glycoprotein. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Ocular symptoms, anterior and posterior ophthalmologic examination findings, and optical coherence tomography images were compared between antibody-positive survivors and antibody-negative close contacts. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 564 antibody-positive survivors (320 [56.7%] female; mean [SD] age, 30.3 [14.0] years) and 635 antibody-negative close contacts (347 [54.6%] female; mean [SD] age, 25.8 [15.5] years) were enrolled in this study. Survivors were more likely to demonstrate color vision deficit (28.9% vs 19.0%, odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1) and lower intraocular pressure (12.4 vs 13.5 mm Hg; mean difference, −1.2 mm Hg; 95% CI, −1.6 to −0.8 mm Hg) compared with close contacts. Dilated fundus examination revealed a higher percentage of vitreous cells (7.8% vs 0.5%; OR, 16.6; 95% CI, 5.0-55.2) and macular scars (4.6% vs 1.6%; OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.5) in survivors than in close contacts. Uveitis was present in 26.4% of survivors and 12.1% of close contacts (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2). Among all participants with uveitis, survivors were more likely than close contacts to have intermediate uveitis (34.2% vs 6.5% of all cases; OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 3.1-19.7) and had thicker mean central subfield thickness on optical coherence tomography (222 vs 212 μm; mean difference, 14.4 μm; 95% CI, 1.9-26.9 μm). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cross-sectional study, survivors of EVD had a distinct spectrum of ocular and neuro-ophthalmologic findings compared with close contacts that potentially require medical and surgical treatment.
Ginsenosides in Panax genus and their biosynthesis
Authors: Maoqi Hou, Rufeng Wang, Shujuan Zhao, Zhengtao Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Ginsenosides are a series of glycosylated triterpenoids which belong to protopanaxadiol (PPD)-, protopanaxatriol (PPT)-, ocotillol (OCT)- and oleanane (OA)-type saponins known as active compounds of
Identification of genetic loci associated with nocturnal enuresis: a genome-wide association study
Authors: Cecilie S Jørgensen, Henriette T Horsdal, Veera M Rajagopal, Jakob Grove, Thomas D Als, Konstantinos Kamperis, Mette Nyegaard, G Bragi Walters, Viðar Örn Eðvarðsson, Hreinn Stefánsson, Merete Nordentoft, David Michael Hougaard, Thomas Werge, Ole Mors, Preben Bo Mortensen, Esben Agerbo, Søren Rittig, Kári Stefánsson, Anders D Børglum, Ditte Demontis, Jane H Christensen
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2021)
We need to collect data on race, ethnicity, and community in pandemics
Authors: Reza Afshari
Journal: BMJ (2021)

I read with interest your recent news article on the disproportionate impact of covid-19 on low income countries in the Asia Pacific region.1 It referred to a report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in which they ranked the impact of the pandemic on 27 Asia Pacific countries, …
Measurement of leukocyte trafficking kinetics in macaques by serial intravascular staining
Authors: E. Lake Potter, Hannah P. Gideon, Victor Tkachev, Giulia Fabozzi, Alexander Chassiakos, Constantinos Petrovas, Patricia A. Darrah, Philana Ling Lin, Kathryn E. Foulds, Leslie S. Kean, JoAnne L. Flynn, Mario Roederer
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Serial intravascular staining enables analysis of leukocyte migration in healthy nonhuman primates and those infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis .
Incidence, risk factors, and thrombotic load of pulmonary embolism in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection
Authors: Alberto García-Ortega, Grace Oscullo, Pilar Calvillo, Raquel López-Reyes, Raúl Méndez, José Daniel Gómez-Olivas, Amina Bekki, Carles Fonfría, Laura Trilles-Olaso, Enrique Zaldívar, Ana Ferrando, Gabriel Anguera, Andrés Briones-Gómez, Juan Pablo Reig-Mezquida, Laura Feced, Paula González-Jiménez, Soledad Reyes, Carlos F Muñoz-Núñez, Ainhoa Carreres, Ricardo Gil, Carmen Morata, Nuria Toledo-Pons, Luis Martí-Bonmati, Rosario Menéndez, Miguel Ángel Martínez-García
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)
MO01.05 Treatment Patterns in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in the Era of Immunotherapy (IO)
Authors: D. Stenehjem, S. Lubinga, K.A. Betts, W. Tang, M. Jenkins, Y. Yuan, J. Hartman, S. Rao, J. Lam, D. Waterhouse
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Exploration of Coding and Non-coding Variants in Cancer Using GenomePaint
Authors: Xin Zhou, Jian Wang, Jaimin Patel, Marc Valentine, Ying Shao, Scott Newman, Edgar Sioson, Liqing Tian, Yu Liu, Samuel W. Brady, Diane Flasch, Xiaotu Ma, Yanling Liu, Robin Paul, Michael N. Edmonson, Michael C. Rusch, Chunliang Li, Suzanne J. Baker, John Easton, Jinghui Zhang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2021)
Cerebrovascular Accidents in Ebstein's Anomaly: More Paradoxical Embolism, Less Atrial Arrhythmias?
Authors: N Y Tan, C Attenhofer-Jost, Polkinghorne, E R Vargas, D O Hodge, J A Dearani, H M Connolly, S J Asirvatham, C J McLeod
Journal: Circulation (2017)
Peroxidase-mimicking evodiamine/indocyanine green nanoliposomes for multimodal imaging-guided theranostics for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Wei, Huihui Zou, Gongyuan Liu, Chuanhui Song, Chuanchao Tang, Sheng Chen, Guorong Zhang, Jianchuan Ran, Yufeng Wang, Xiteng Yin, Yu Cai, Wei Han
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Here, evodiamine (EVO) and the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) were integrated into a liposomal nanoplatform for noninvasive diagnostic imaging and combinatorial therapy against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EVO, as an active component extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, not only functioned as an antitumor chemotherapeutic agent but was also capable of