tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary deficiencies of iron and niacin in the aetiology of symptomatic gallstones - data from a UK prospective cohort study (EPIC-Norfolk) using 7-day food diaries
Authors: P. J. R. Banim, R. Luben, S. J. Sharp, N. J. Wareham, K.-T. Khaw, A. R. Hart
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Low iron intake reduces nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, which impairs gallbladder motility and bile flow. Low iron intake decreases activity of cholesterol 7-α-hydroxlase, an enzyme which converts cholesterol to bile acids. Niacin increases plasma high density lipoprotein and lowers triglycerides, both of which are associated with lower rates of gallstone disease. This study investigated dietary iron and niacin intake and the risk of developing symptomatic gallstones, for the first time using seven-day food diaries (7-DFDs), the most accurate feasible method of estimating food intake in large studies. <h3>Methods</h3> 25,639 participants (56% women), aged 40–74 years were recruited into the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) with 23,658 completing 7-DFDs at enrolment. The cohort was monitored for 14 years for new symptomatic gallstones, with diagnoses confirmed by review of the clinical notes. The 7-DFDs recorded one week9s diet including food types, frequency of consumption, quantities and cooking methods. A representative sample of 3970 and those with gallstone disease had their 7-DFDs coded by nutritionists using a computer program containing nutrient information on 11,000 food and 55,000 portion sizes. A cohort analysis used Cox regression to estimate sex specific hazard ratios (HR) for developing gallstones for fifths of dietary iron and niacin acid intake, adjusted for age, body mass index, energy, alcohol and physical activity in men, and also parity and hormone replacement therapy use in women. <h3>Results</h3> 177 women (mean age of diagnosis 66.5 years SD = 9.5 years) and 90 men (64.2 years SD = 9.2 years) developed symptomatic gallstones. In women, increased dietary iron intake was associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic gallstones (highest vs lowest fifth HR = 0.36 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.66; per fifth increase HR = 0.82 95% CI = 0.72 to 0.94 p = 0.003), although no effects were seen in men (per fifth increase, HR = 0.97 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.17). Increased dietary niacin intake was also associated with a decreased risk of disease in women (highest vs lowest fifth, HR = 0.50 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.83; per fifth increase HR = 0.86 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.97 p = 0.011), but no effects were found in men (per fifth increase HR = 0.96 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.14). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In women, gallstone disease may be prevented by increasing dietary iron and niacin intake, for which there are plausible biological mechanisms. No effects were found in men, although this could be due to a lack of power as only half the number of cases diagnosed and also that men are less likely to be iron deficient. These nutrients should be measured in future studies to confirm the association.
ENCEPHALITIS IN ST. LOUIS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Queries and Minor Notes
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Economics
Authors: John M. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This year's talk of health care reform has raised many questions about how to improve access to high-quality care at an affordable cost. As the Clinton administration presents their program for health care reform, one of these questions is, "Who will provide medical care?" Reorganized financing and provision of health care will require an appropriate and perhaps different work force of health professionals than we have today.<sup>1</sup>Whichever scheme is chosen to finance medical care, the physicians who serve the reformed health care system will influence its success. Recent studies of the physician work force have evoked concern about the public's access to appropriately educated physicians. In addition to concerns about access, there is increasing evidence that redistribution of US physicians toward more generalist fields would help to constrain the increase in health care costs. These observations have led to the conclusion that reform of graduate medical education financing
Association News.
Authors: H. L. E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<h3>Report of the Committee on Transportation.</h3> Washington, D. C., March 8, 1902. The Committee of the American Medical Association on Transportation, reports that the rates for railroad transportation to the Saratoga meeting are being arranged for in the various railroad associations, and special prominence has been given to the disapproval of the medical profession of the methods of the Western Association in exacting the annoying fifty-cent execution fee which was perpetrated upon the members attending the St. Paul meeting. Assurances have been given that this will not occur at the Saratoga meeting, and at this writing the Trunk Lines have offered a fare and a third on the certificate plan for the round trip. Your Committee is urging a one-fare rate for the round trip with a 30-day-extension time limit and the privilege of a diverse route returning. Dr. Swan, of the local railroad committee at Saratoga, N. Y., is
The prospective payment system and quality. No skeletons in the closet
Authors: J. P. LoGerfo
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This issue ofThe Journalis devoted to a remarkable series of reports from a major investigative group based on a study designed to examine the clinical effects of the Medicare Prospective Payment System, (PPS) which was based on diagnosis related groups (DRGs).<sup>1-8</sup>At inception, the major clinical concern about the PPS was that patients might have poorer outcomes due to cost-cutting incentives that went beyond eliminating unnecessary or marginally beneficial care to actually restricting needed care. Specific concerns centered on decreases in length of stay that might lead to increased nursing home admissions, more permanent nursing home placements, increased hospital readmissions, or higher mortality rates. Some readers may review these articles with the implicit belief that the findings are directly attributable to the DRG system. However, no such single-cause judgment is warranted given other major changes occurring in the hospital regulatory environment and the marketplace. For instance, there
Editorial: Thumbing noses at prognoses
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Almost every issue of the Association's ten specialty journals contains articles of general interest to physicians and often to the public. The January issue of<i>Archives of Dermatology</i>proved to be no exception. Coskey and Mehregan<sup>1</sup>described the development of painful, tender, bluish-red nodules on one foot (each) of three girls aged 6, 10, and 7 years, respectively. The history was identical in the three patients. All had been wearing shoe-boots (boots with a waterproof outer covering and insulated inner lining) during cold weather. In two instances, the children had been playing in the snow when the inner linings of their boots became wet, and the third child had fallen into a pond. The wetness of the boots' inner lining could not evaporate because of the waterproof cover. Within about 24 hours, the tender nodules appeared and persisted for one to two weeks. Microscopical examination of biopsy specimens and
Index of Authors, Volume 29
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Journal Article Index of Authors, Volume 29 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 29, Issue 6, December 1962, Pages 1185–1187, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/29.6.1185 Published: 01 December 1962
Endoscopic Papillectomy
Authors: E Khon, I Nedoluzhko, K Shishin, N Kurushkina, L Shumkina
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Adenomas are the most common benign lesions of the ampulla of Vater and have the potential to undergo a malignant transformation which makes complete removal of adenoma essential. Endoscopic papillectomy is increasingly used as an alternative to surgery for benign ampullary tumors. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic papillectomy.
Vocational Registration
Authors: P. J. Heath, P. J. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MEDICALTJISORNALembolus.However, the rash and pyrexia suggested a sensitivity reaction to nitro- furantoin.Withdrawal of the drug resulted in prompt relief of all her symptoms.Such mild reactions are probably com- moner than only 24 reported cases would suggest.Since the publication of your lead- ing article your correspondents have added four more cases (24 January, pp. 235and 236).-Iam, etc.,
Traumatic left ventricular aneurysm. Two cases with normal coronary angiograms
Authors: R. Singh
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Two young males had traumatic left ventricular aneurysm and normal coronary angiograms. Trauma was penetrating (bullet) in one and nonpenetrating (fist blow) in the other. Recurrent ventricular tachycardia in one and a systemic embolus in the other required aneurysmectomy. The patients are free of symptoms 42 and 21 months after surgery. The presence of traumatic ventricular aneurysm and normal coronary angiograms suggests that myocardial necrosis following chest trauma is often caused by direct injury to the myocardium rather than by injury to or occlusion of the coronary arteries. Therefore, coronary artery bypass surgery may be unnecessary or even hazardous in persons with chest trauma and evidence of early myocardial necrosis. (<i>JAMA</i>234:412-414, 1975)
Ophthalmology
Authors: T. A. Deutsch
Journal: JAMA (1989)

As in most specialties, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has changed ophthalmic practices and has begun to dominate our literature. Over the past few years, we have developed both an understanding of the natural history of the ocular complications of AIDS as well as some approaches to management of these problems. The ocular findings in AIDS take many forms. The most common will be reviewed here. Kaposi's sarcoma, a previously rare ocular finding, can develop at any time during the course of a patient's illness. These bluish or red lesions occur on the eyelid or conjunctiva. When found on the conjunctiva they often resemble subconjunctival hemorrhages, and indeed some of them do have a hemorrhagic component. When the tumors cause pressure on the eye or interfere with eyelid closure, radiation therapy is helpful in reducing their size. Cotton-wool spots are present in more than two thirds of patients during the
Abstract 1053: A patient-derived xenograft model demonstarates the effectiveness of combined oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil for advanced small bowel adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tomoki Yamano, Jihyung Song, Kei Kimura, Akihito Babaya, Michiko Hamanaka, Kozo Kataoka, Naohito Beppu, Masafumi Noda, Masataka Ikeda, Naohiro Tomita
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Combination oxaliplatin and capecitabine therapy is recommended to treat advanced small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA). However, SBA is rare, and limited preclinical studies and randomized clinical trials have been conducted. Methods: A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) was established from an advanced SBA patient with liver metastasis and peritoneal metastasis. Growth inhibition by oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 5-FU in combination with oxaliplatin, irinotecan, or paclitaxel was assessed using the PDX. Drug sensitivity against oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5-FU, and paclitaxel was assessed using SBA cells from the PDX. The patient’s clinicopathological and genetic features were compared with the PDX to evaluate it as a preclinical model. Results: 5-FU, but not oxaliplatin and irinotecan showed statistically significant growth inhibition compared to control group (P = 0.0024). Among the combination treatment with 5-FU, oxaliplatin showed the highest tumor growth inhibition rate of 0.84 or 1.1, which was 0.46 for irinotecan and 0.49 for paclitaxel, respectively. IC50 of SBA cells was significantly lower against oxaliplatin and higher against paclitaxel compared with colon cancer cell line HT29. These results corresponded to the clinical response to FOLFOX (folinic acid+5-FU+oxaliplatin) and FOLFIRI (folinic acid+5-FU+irinotecan). PDX pathological and genetic features resembled those of the patient. Conclusions: We established a preclinical model comprising the PDX from SBA and SBA cells from the PDX. This model showed that the combination of oxaliplatin and 5-FU was a reasonable standard therapy for advanced SBA. A preclinical model comprising PDX and tumor cells from PDX seems to be useful for rare tumors including SBA. Citation Format: Tomoki Yamano, Jihyung Song, Kei Kimura, Akihito Babaya, Michiko Hamanaka, Kozo Kataoka, Naohito Beppu, Masafumi Noda, Masataka Ikeda, Naohiro Tomita. A patient-derived xenograft model demonstarates the effectiveness of combined oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil for advanced small bowel adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1053.
Dipyridamole in the treatment of angina pectoris. A double-blind evaluation
Authors: S. Sbar
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Since Heberden's classic description of angina pectoris in 1768, a satisfactory treatment has been sought. Nitroglycerin, which is the standard treatment, may have unpleasant side effects due to vasodilatation, and its duration of action is relatively short. From the rapid turnover of a multitude of alleged long-acting coronary vasodilators marketed, it is apparent that an ideal compound which is both effective and devoid of side effects has not been found. Fischer and Roch reported in 1951 the synthesis of a new group of compounds with two pyrimidine rings. One of these compounds, dipyridamole (Persantine), was subsequently shown to produce a significant increase in coronary blood flow<sup>1</sup>and an increase in intercoronary anastomoses in dogs with surgically induced coronary artery constriction.<sup>2</sup> In patients with angina pectoris, several uncontrolled, or only partially double-blind, studies have indicated that dipyridamole produced subjective improvement.<sup>3-6</sup>In contrast, four double-blind studies<sup>7-10</sup>have indicated
Landmarks in Gynecology.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Durvalumab (D) and PET-directed chemoradiation (CRT) after induction FOLFOX for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Michele Ly, Daniela Molena, Smita Sihag, Abraham Jing-Ching Wu, Pari M. Shah, Ping Gu, Ryan Sugarman, Steven Brad Maron, Sree Bhavani Chalasani, Marina Shcherba, Randy Yeh, Laura H. Tang, Carly Alterman, Paige Collins, Kendall Cowie, Yelena Yuriy Janjigian, David H. Ilson, Geoffrey Yuyat Ku
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

394 Background: We previously presented safety data for the combination of D with carboplatin/paclitaxel (C/P) and RT for locally advanced esophageal cancer (J Clin Oncol 2018;36:172 [abstr]). Based on the positive results of the CALGB 80803 study (J Clin Oncol 2017;35:1 [abstr]), we amended the study to administer induction FOLFOX prior to PET assessment. Here, we present updated results. Methods: Patients (Pts) had T any N+ or T3-4N any M0 esophageal and Siewert Type I-III GEJ adenocarcinoma staged by EUS, PET/CT and CT. Pts received mFOLFOX6 ×2 prior to repeat PET/CT. PET responders (PETr) received 5-FU or capecitabine and oxaliplatin with RT to 50.4Gy, while PET non-responders (PETnr) received C/P with RT. All Pts received D 1,500 mg q4W ×2 starting 2 wks prior to and during CRT. Esophagectomy was planned 6-8 weeks after CRT. Pts who had R0 resections received adjuvant D 1,500mg q4W ×6. Results: 20 Pts have been enrolled: 16 GEJ, 4 esophageal; 3 T1-2N+, 8 T3-4N0, 1 T3Nx, 8 T3-4N+. 13 of 20 Pts (65%) are PETr. Of 13 Pts who have had surgery (8 PETr, all R0), pathologic complete response (pCR) was seen in 3 (23%; 2 PETr); 3 Pts (23%; all PETr) had ypT1bN0 tumors with 99% response and 1 Pt (8%; PETnr) had ypT0N1 (1/30 LN) with profound response in LN. 2 Pts had MSI tumors (1 PETr; 1 pCR, 1 ypT2N0 with 90% response). Notable gd 3/4 adverse events (AEs) observed were lymphopenia in 16 Pts (80%), neutropenia in 4 Pts (20%) and diarrhea and dysphagia in 1 Pt each (5%). Notable gd 1/2 AEs in ≥20%: thrombocytopenia (18 Pts), fatigue (13 Pts), anemia (12 Pts), increased AST (12 Pts), constipation (11 Pts), nausea (11 Pts), diarrhea (7 Pts) and odynophagia (7 Pts). Immune-related AEs noted were gd 3 hepatitis and gd 2 dermatitis in 1 Pt and gd 1 hypothyroidism in 1 Pt. Median length of post-op stay is 8 days, with 18% anastomotic complication rate. Conclusions: The addition of D to induction FOLFOX and PET-directed CRT is safe and feasible. pCR and near-pCR in ½ of Pts is encouraging and compares favorably to our historical pCR rate of 15% in PETr (Cancer 2016:122:2083) and pCR rate of 31% in CALGB 80803 Pts who received induction FOLFOX. Accrual to 36 Pts continues and updated outcomes and immune correlative data will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT02962063.
Aspirin induces autophagy and alleviates liver fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in mice model of chronic liver injury
Authors: Adil Bhat, Sudrishti Chaudhary, Gaurav Yadav, Anupama Parasar, Chhagan Bihari, Jaswinder Maras, Shiv Kumar Sarin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Incomplete Information in Flow Diagram
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Paulina Salminen, MD, PhD; Risto Tuominen, MPH, PhD; Hannu Paajanen, MD, PhD; Tero Rautio, MD, PhD; Pia Nordström, MD, PhD; Markku Aarnio, MD, PhD; Tuomo Rantanen, MD, PhD; Saija Hurme, MSc; Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, MD, PhD; Juhani Sand, MD, PhD; Johanna Virtanen, MD, PhD; Airi Jartti, MD, PhD; Juha M. Grönroos, MD, PhD
Medical News
Authors: Gail McBride
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>Antibodies yield their secrets and display therapeutic versatility</h3> Introducing: the antibody molecule. Thanks to the immunologists, geneticists, protein chemists, and x-ray crystallographers who have hammered away at its structure and composition over the past 20 years, enough information about this exquisitely crafted molecule is now at hand to thrill any scientist (particularly the evolutionary-minded) and to stir a clinician's heart. Many basic questions remain unanswered, such as the details of the genetic coding for the four polypeptide chains. Yet the field has advanced so rapidly in recent years that the new problems tend to be practical ones, such as how to produce specific antibodies on demand in sufficient quantities, and how to harness antibodies for novel purposes. To this end, a small but international symposium was held recently in New York to discuss what is now known about antibodies and what the future holds, particularly with respect to the
INSANITY AND THE TURKISH BATH.
Journal: JAMA (2000)

against smallpox should be insisted on, notwithstand- ing the carping of a small minority who have consti- tuted themselves an antivaccination society.The ex- perience of the medical fraternity is decidedly on the side of vaccination.The infectious diseases : diphtheria, measles, scarlatina, rubéola, mumps, whooping-cough, etc., should not be permitted to enter the school, and eternal vigilance should be exercised by the principal and teachers to prevent their admission.If any sus-
Chondrocalcinosis simulating ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: L. F. Layfer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CHONDROCALCINOSIS has been called the "great imposter"<sup>1</sup>of rheumatic diseases, causing clinicians to misinterpret its multiple presentations as gout, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and traumatic and neuropathic joint disease.<sup>2</sup>We saw a patient with diffuse chondrocalcinosis of peripheral joints and calcification of intervertebral disks simulating ankylosing spondylitis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 65-year-old woman was seen with a 20-year history of thoracolumbar backache gradually ascending to her neck, associated spinal deformity, and a 10-cm loss of height. She found it difficult to straighten her spine, and motion was accompanied by pain. Earlier, she had experienced a series of episodic painful swellings of her wrists and knees, lasting weeks to months. A left patellectomy had not been helpful, and at present, the knee was chronically painful and deformed. There was no history of venereal disease, psoriasis, or inflammatory bowel disease. Her father and one sister had also been incapacitated by