tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17228: Not So Fast: Ischemic Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation in the Era of New Hypertension Guidelines
Authors: Esseim Sharma, Brian D McCauley, Wen-Chih Wu, Antony F Chu
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, with an estimated prevalence in the US of up to 6.1 million people in 2014. The CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score is a widely used tool to help stratify ischemic stroke risk and guide decision-making regarding anticoagulation in AF based on multiple clinical risk factors including a history of hypertension. While the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score has been validated using the prior definition of hypertension (≥140/≥90 mmHg), the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines define hypertension as ≥130/≥80 mmHg. It is unclear what clinical impact this change will have on the use and validity of CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scoring and risk/benefit of anticoagulation for prevention of thromboembolic stroke. In order to estimate this impact, we performed a statistical analysis of the NHANES III database. Methods: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a nationwide probability survey of 39,695 persons conducted from 1988-1994, was used as a representative sample of the general US population. AF was defined as the presence of AF on ECG or the presence of an irregular pulse on physical exam along with the absence of documented sinus rhythm on ECG. Results: We identified 278 patients with AF, with a weighted value representing 2.58 million people. Using the prior hypertension guidelines, 181 patients (weighted value 1.07 million) had a CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score of ≥2 and qualified for anticoagulation. With the new hypertension guidelines, 200 patients qualified for anticoagulation (weighted value 1.33 million). This represents a 10.5% increase in the number of patients with atrial fibrillation requiring anticoagulation (weighted value 250,000). Conclusions: Incorporation of the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension definitions into the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score results in a 10.5% increase in patients who would require anticoagulation from a representative sample of the US population (NHANES III). Clinical risk/benefit for CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scoring and anticoagulation using this definition for hypertension has not been validated. To avoid potentially unnecessary anticoagulation in AF, clinicians should consider using the ≥140/≥90 mmHg definition for hypertension upon which the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scoring is validated.
Association of County-Level Prescriptions for Hydroxychloroquine and Ivermectin With County-Level Political Voting Patterns in the 2020 US Presidential Election
Authors: Michael L. Barnett, Marema Gaye, Anupam B. Jena, Ateev Mehrotra
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

This cross-sectional study examines whether an association exists between US county-level prescription rates of hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin and how people voted in the 2020 US presidential election.
Elevated MCU Expression by CaMKIIδB Limits Pathological Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Pei Wang, Shangcheng Xu, Jiqian Xu, Yanguo Xin, Yan Lu, Huiliang Zhang, Bo Zhou, Haodong Xu, Shey-Shing Sheu, Rong Tian, Wang Wang
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Calcium (Ca2+) is a key regulator of energy metabolism. Impaired Ca2+ homeostasis damages mitochondria, causing cardiomyocyte death, pathological hypertrophy, and heart failure. This study investigates the regulation and the role of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in chronic stress-induced pathological cardiac remodeling.MCU knockout or transgenic mice were infused with isoproterenol (ISO; 10 mg/kg per day, 4 weeks). Cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling were evaluated by echocardiography and histology. Primary cultured rodent adult cardiomyocytes were treated with ISO (1 nmol/L, 48 hours). Intracellular Ca2+ handling and cell death pathways were monitored. Adenovirus-mediated gene manipulations were used in vitro.Chronic administration of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist ISO increased the levels of the MCU and the MCU complex in cardiac mitochondria, raising mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations, in vivo and in vitro. ISO also upregulated MCU without affecting its regulatory proteins in adult cardiomyocytes. It is interesting that ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte death were exacerbated in global MCU knockout mice. Cardiomyocytes from knockout mice or overexpressing a dominant negative MCU exhibited defective intracellular Ca2+ handling and activation of multiple cell death pathways. Conversely, cardiac-specific overexpression of MCU maintained intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and contractility, suppressed cell death, and prevented ISO-induced heart hypertrophy. ISO upregulated MCU expression through activation of Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II δB (CaMKIIδB) and promotion of its nuclear translocation via calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation at serine 332. Nuclear CaMKIIδB phosphorylated CREB (cAMP-response element binding protein), which bound the Mcu promoter to enhance Mcu gene transcription.The β-adrenergic receptor/CaMKIIδB/CREB pathway upregulates Mcu gene expression in the heart. MCU upregulation is a compensatory mechanism that counteracts stress-induced pathological cardiac remodeling by preserving Ca2+ homeostasis and cardiomyocyte viability.
Embracing Green Computing in Molecular Phylogenetics
Authors: Sudhir Kumar
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

Abstract Molecular evolutionary analyses require computationally intensive steps such as aligning multiple sequences, optimizing substitution models, inferring evolutionary trees, testing phylogenies by bootstrap analysis, and estimating divergence times. With the rise of large genomic data sets, phylogenomics is imposing a big carbon footprint on the environment with consequences for the planet’s health. Electronic waste and energy usage are large environmental issues. Fortunately, innovative methods and heuristics are available to shrink the carbon footprint, presenting researchers with opportunities to lower the environmental costs and greener evolutionary computing. Green computing will also enable greater scientific rigor and encourage broader participation in big data analytics.
Abstract 17077: Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Oral Nitrite in Pulmonary Hypertension Related to Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (PH-HFpEF)
Authors: Andrea R Levine, Nicole L Helbling, Nydia Chien, Timothy N Bachman, Marc A Simon, Mark T Gladwin
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) occurs in 35-83% of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and is associated with worse outcomes. There are no effective therapeutic options for these patients. Oral nitrite has demonstrated promise in pre-clinical models of PH-HFpEF. Recently, a phase 2 clinical trial showed that a single dose of inhaled nitrite significantly lowered pulmonary, right atrial, and pulmonary artery wedge pressures and substantially increased pulmonary artery compliance in patients with PH-HFpEF. We are currently evaluating the efficacy of chronic oral nitrite as a novel therapeutic agent in PH-HFpEF. We report, for the first time, our initial findings of the acute hemodynamic effects of a single dose of oral nitrite. Methods: This is part of an ongoing blinded 10-week cross-over treatment trial of oral nitrite in PH-HFpEF (NCT03015402). Patients were defined as having PH-HFpEF based on an ejection fraction &gt; 40% and right heart catheterization (RHC) with a mPAP≥ 25 mmHg, PAWP ≥15 mmHg and TPG ≥ 12 mmHg. Patients who met criteria based on a screening RHC were given a single open label dose of 40 mg of sodium nitrite. Cardiopulmonary hemodynamics were obtained by RHC at baseline and after a single dose of oral nitrite. We are actively enrolling patients with the intent to provide open label oral sodium nitrite to ten patients. Results: Eight patients have currently been enrolled in the cross-over trial, of which four have required a screening RHC and have been given open label oral nitrite. Oral nitrite was well tolerated in all patients without any adverse events. Acute cardiopulmonary hemodynamic are presented in Figure 1. Conclusion: Administration of oral nitrite acutely results in an improvement of right ventricular and left ventricular filling pressures without any significant reduction in cardiac output, cardiac index, or mean arterial pressure. Oral nitrite may be a novel therapeutic agent for patients with PH-HFpEF.
Medical News.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Systematic Handbook of Volumetric Analysis or the Quantitative Determination of Chemical Substances by Measure, Applied to Liquids, Solids and Gases. Adapted to the Requirements of Pure Chemical Research, Pathological Chemistry, Pharmacy, Metallurgy, Manufacturing Chemistry, Photography, etc., and for the Valuation of Substances Used in Commerce, Agriculture, and the Arts.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Organically derived exosomes as carriers of anticancer drugs and imaging agents for cancer treatment
Authors: Akhil Srivastava, Shipra Rathore, Anupama Munshi, Rajagopal Ramesh
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2022)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), is the umbrella term used for different types of vesicles produced by the cells, among which exosomes form the largest group. Exosomes perform intercellular communication by carrying several biologics from donor or parental cells and delivering them to recipient cells. Their unique cargo-carrying capacity has recently been explored for use as delivery vehicles of anticancer drugs and imaging agents. Being naturally produced, exosomes have many advantages over synthetic lipid-based nanoparticles currently being used clinically to treat cancer and other diseases. The finding of the role of exosomes in human diseases has led to numerous preclinical and clinical studies exploring their use as an amenable drug delivery vehicle and a theranostic in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, there are certain limitations associated with exosomes, with the most important being the selection of the biological source for producing highly biocompatible exosomes on a large scale. This review article explores the various sources from which therapeutically viable exosomes can be isolated for use as drug carriers for cancer treatment. The methods of exosome isolation and the process of loading them with cancer therapeutics and imaging agents are also discussed in the follow-up sections. Finally, the article concludes with future directions for exosome-based applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Erratum to: What to Do, and What Not to Do, When Diagnosing and Treating Breakthrough Cancer Pain (BTcP): Expert Opinion
Authors: R. Vellucci, G. Fanelli, R. Pannuti, C. Peruselli, S. Adamo, G. Alongi, F. Amato, L. Consoletti, L. Lamarca, S. Liguori, C. Lo Presti, A. Maione, S. Mameli, F. Marinangeli, S. Marulli, V. Minotti, D. Miotti, L. Montanari, G. Moruzzi, S. Palermo, M. Parolini, P. Poli, W. Tirelli, A. Valle, P. Romualdi
Journal: Drugs (2016)
Branched PEG-modification: A new strategy for nanocarriers to evade of the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon and enhance anti-tumor efficacy
Authors: Min Liu, Jie Li, Dan Zhao, Na Yan, Hongxia Zhang, Mengyang Liu, Xueying Tang, Yawei Hu, Junqiang Ding, Ning Zhang, Xinrong Liu, Yihui Deng, Yanzhi Song, Xiuli Zhao
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Abstract 17212: Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel Genetic Variants in Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy
Authors: John Collyer, Fuyi Xu, Undral Munkhsaikhan, Wenying Zhang, Lu Lu, Jeffrey A Towbin, Enkhsaikhan Purevjav
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Causal and modifier genes associated with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) often occurring in conjunction with other familial cardiomyopathies remain elusive. Hypothesis: The LVNC-associated di- and multigenic abnormalities can be identified by whole exome sequencing (WES). Methods: Five families with a history of LVNC, including five affected probands, three affected family members, and twelve unaffected relatives, were studied. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples followed by WES and Sanger sequencing to confirm possibly pathogenic variants predicted by in-silico analysis. Phenotype-genotype correlation and quantitative co-segregation studies are performed. Results: We identified nine missense possibly pathogenic variants, a 2-bp frameshift insertion, and a 9-bp in-frame insertion in the five families. Two affected siblings in Family 1 were found carrying digenic heterozygous variants: c.4048G&gt;A (p.E1350K) in MYH7 and c.827C&gt;T (p.A276V) in ANKRD1. Unaffected parents were carriers for each of the two variants. Three affected members, father and two daughters, of Family 2 carried c.550A&gt;C (p.K184Q) variant in MYH7 in contrast to two unaffected members, mother and another daughter. In Family 3, multigenic heterozygosity (c.673G&gt;T (p.D225Y) in CACNA2D1 ; c.440T&gt;A (p.V147E) in COQ4 and c.3700C&gt;A (p.H1234N) in MYH7) was identified in the proband. These variants were found in none of three unaffected relatives. The proband of Family 4 was positive for heterozygous variants: c.2684_2685insAG (p.A897Kfs*3) in DSC2 , c.8633T&gt;C (p.V2878A) in OBSCN , and c.11717C &gt;T (p.T3906I) in PLEC. The T3906I PLEC variant was identified in his unaffected half-sibling and his father, but not in his mother. In Family 5, c. 2591A&gt;T (p.D864V) in HDAC9 , c.9616C&gt;T (p.R3206W) in PLEC and c.954_955insT (p.L319Sfs*74) in MYH14 were identified in the proband. None of those variants were identified in his unaffected sibling. Conclusions: We report several potential pathogenic LVNC-associated variants in novel genes (ANKRD1, DSC2, OBSCN , PLEC, HDAC9, MYH14, COQ4, CACNA2D1) and known genes ( MYH7 and MYH7B). The diverse profile of inheritance (digenic and multigenic heterogeneity) that may cause and modify the heterogeneous LVNC phenotypes.
THE HARMLESSNESS OF GLYCOSURIA FOR A PATIENT TREATED WITH PROTAMINE ZINC INSULIN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ceritinib Bests Chemo for Untreated ALK+ NSCLC
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2017)

Abstract Patients with ALK-positive non–small cell lung cancer may soon have a new first-line treatment option in ceritinib, which outperformed chemotherapy in a phase III study. However, toxicity issues remain a problem for ceritinib, and another next-generation ALK inhibitor, alectinib, is more likely to become the drug of choice for untreated patients.
Abstract 17360: Vulnerability of Body Surface Rotor Mapping Using the Cardioinsight Cardiac Mapping System
Authors: Emrie D Tomaiko, Geoffrey Orme, Wilber Su, Stephen Su
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: CardioInsightTM (CIT) high density body surface electrode mapping of atria has been used to identify rotor activities in the atria to guide atrial fibrillation ablation. However, intraprocedural reliability and reproducibility of CIT rotor has not been well-validated. Methods: Eight patients with persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation were studied prior to ablation with CIT mapping to identify rotors projected onto cardiac CT scan per protocol. Pre-identified CIT rotor activities were used as the baseline for comparison to post ablation CIT rotor map. Ablation of the identified rotors were performed and confirmed by voltage map using the EnSite Velocity System pre and post procedure. Repeated CIT mappings were obtained after each large area modification containing the identified high yield rotor activities area. CIT identified rotors post ablation were compared to pre-ablation. Results: 12 significant rotors were identified by CIT in eight patients. Successful ablation of all of the rotor area with large area ablation was performed with confirmation of no significant residual voltage (&lt;0.1 mV). Intraprocedural post-ablation CIT re-map identified 7/12 rotors in areas of no significant voltage. Conclusions: CIT projection of rotor activity was seen in significant number of confirmed electrically silent areas. The CIT’s ability to correctly project rotor activity on the atrial surfaces was poor. More validation of CIT true projection is needed to guide the ablation of atrial fibrillation.
THE PURIFICATION OF HYPERTENSIN II
Authors: Leonard T. Skeggs, Joseph R. Kahn, Norman P. Shumway
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

The enzymatic conversion of hypertensin I to hypertensin II is described together with the subsequent purification of the product by means of counter-current distribution. Improved methods are also presented for the preparation of renin and its substrate, as well as in methods for the reaction of these materials and the purification of the resulting hypertensin I.
NIH consensus conference. Ovarian cancer. Screening, treatment, and follow-up. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Ovarian Cancer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To provide physicians with a current consensus on screening, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer.A nonfederal, nonadvocate, 14-member consensus panel representing the fields of gynecologic, medical, and radiation oncology, obstetrics/gynecology, and biostatistics; 25 experts in obstetrics/gynecology and gynecologic, medical, and radiation oncology who presented data to the consensus panel; and a conference audience of approximately 500.The literature was searched through MEDLINE, and an extensive bibliography of references was produced for the panel and the conference audience. Experts prepared abstracts with relevant citations from the literature. Scientific evidence was given priority over clinical anecdotal experience.The panel, answering predefined consensus questions, developed their conclusions based on the scientific evidence presented in open forum and the scientific literature.The panel composed a draft statement that was read in its entirety and circulated to the experts and the audience for comment. The panel resolved conflicting recommendations and released a revised statement at the end of the conference. The panel finalized the revisions within a few weeks after the conference.There is no evidence available yet that the current screening modalities of CA-125 and transvaginal ultrasonography can be effectively used for widespread screening to reduce mortality from ovarian cancer nor that their use will result in decreased rather than increased morbidity and mortality. Women with stage IA grade 1 and stage IB grade 1 ovarian cancer do not require postoperative adjuvant therapy. Many remaining stage I patients do require chemotherapy. Subsets of stage I must be fully defined and ideal treatment determined. Women with stages II, III, and IV epithelial ovarian cancer (other than low malignant potential tumors) should receive postoperative chemotherapy.
Long COVID: A growing problem in need of intervention
Authors: Bjørn Blomberg, Rebecca Jane Cox, Nina Langeland
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

The number of people who have survived COVID-19 is overwhelming-official figures approach half a billion. Thus, any long-term consequences in COVID-19 survivors could have a huge impact on public health and on healthcare services in the coming months and years, with potentially 100 million individuals affected.