tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A retrospective analysis and quality improvement education initiative to increase HPV vaccination rates in an inner city primary care clinic.
Authors: Jasmin Hundal, Matthew J Hadfield, Alifaiz Saiyed, William Rabitaille
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

213 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most commonly spread sexually transmitted infection and is implicated in the oncogenesis of several cancers, including cervical, anal,vaginal and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV vaccinations have a high efficacy, and recent data demonstrated adults aged 18-26 years old are not adequately fully vaccinated. Our objective was to assess the current practice regarding HPV vaccination among persons 9-45 years of age, knowledge about the HPV guidelines, and recommendation practice. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of Internal Medicine residents acting as primary care physicians at an urban clinic based in Hartford, Connecticut, USA. The survey was administered to internal medicine residents and attending physicians to assess the current practice regarding the HPV vaccination for adults and knowledge of the updated guidelines. The key drivers identified were resident knowledge, communication, insurance coverage, and availability of HPV vaccination in the clinic. An educational handout and lecture was provided with a follow-up survey. Results: A total of 347 charts were reviewed. Of those eligible to receive the HPV vaccine, it was found that only 5.2% received the total dosage. The response rate to our initial survey was 60%. 47.83% did not inquire about the HPV vaccination or recommended it to patients compared to 71.43% of attending physicians (AP) who inquired, but only 28.47% discussed it during precepting sessions. 27.7% of the residents and 71.43% AP correctly identified the updated guidelines. The biggest three barriers were unfamiliarity with the availability of HPV vaccination, insurance coverage, and current guidelines. A short educational review and summary were provided to close the gaps identified with the questionnaire.100% of residents correctly identified the updated guidelines, risks, benefits, importance of shared decision-making, and more likely recommend the HPV vaccination. However, 69.2% were unaware that HPV vaccination does not prevent the progression of HPV-related cancers. Conclusions: Adherence to CDC guidelines regarding vaccinating against HPV amongst resident physicians is poor. The percentage of patients, who received the complete Gardasil-9 vaccination series, was significantly below the national average. Our study highlights a large practice gap that exists amongst resident physicians regarding the HPV vaccine. There was minimal documentation amongst resident physicians regarding shared decision-making conversations with patients. We addressed the knowledge and resource deficit with an educational handout and information session. Our intervention demonstrated improved confidence in discussing the vaccine with the patients and resolved the concern of insurance coverage and availability of vaccines in the clinic and pharmacy.
Functional analysis of peripheral and intratumoral neoantigen-specific TCRs identified in a patient with melanoma
Authors: Eva Bräunlein, Gaia Lupoli, Franziska Füchsl, Esam T Abualrous, Niklas de Andrade Krätzig, Dario Gosmann, Lukas Wietbrock, Sebastian Lange, Thomas Engleitner, Huan Lan, Stefan Audehm, Manuel Effenberger, Melanie Boxberg, Katja Steiger, Yinshui Chang, Kai Yu, Cigdem Atay, Florian Bassermann, Wilko Weichert, Dirk H Busch, Roland Rad, Christian Freund, Iris Antes, Angela M Krackhardt
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Neoantigens derived from somatic mutations correlate with therapeutic responses mediated by treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Neoantigens are therefore highly attractive targets for the development of therapeutic approaches in personalized medicine, although many aspects of their quality and associated immune responses are not yet well understood. In a case study of metastatic malignant melanoma, we aimed to perform an in-depth characterization of neoantigens and respective T-cell responses in the context of immune checkpoint modulation. Three neoantigens, which we identified either by immunopeptidomics or in silico prediction, were investigated using binding affinity analyses and structural simulations. We isolated seven T-cell receptors (TCRs) from the patient's immune repertoire recognizing these antigens. TCRs were compared in vitro by multiparametric analyses including functional avidity, multicytokine secretion, and cross-reactivity screenings. A xenograft mouse model served to study in vivo functionality of selected TCRs. We investigated the patient's TCR repertoire in blood and different tumor-related tissues over 3 years using TCR beta deep sequencing. Selected mutated peptide ligands with proven immunogenicity showed similar binding affinities to the human leukocyte antigen complex and comparable disparity to their wild-type counterparts in molecular dynamic simulations. Nevertheless, isolated TCRs recognizing these antigens demonstrated distinct patterns in functionality and frequency. TCRs with lower functional avidity showed at least equal antitumor immune responses in vivo. Moreover, they occurred at high frequencies and particularly demonstrated long-term persistence within tumor tissues, lymph nodes and various blood samples associated with a reduced activation pattern on primary in vitro stimulation. We performed a so far unique fine characterization of neoantigen-specific T-cell responses revealing defined reactivity patterns of neoantigen-specific TCRs. Our data highlight qualitative differences of these TCRs associated with function and longevity of respective T cells. Such features need to be considered for further optimization of neoantigen targeting including adoptive T-cell therapies using TCR-transgenic T cells.
Can high-intensity interval training improve mental health outcomes in the general population and those with physical illnesses? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rebecca Martland, Nicole Korman, Joseph Firth, Davy Vancampfort, Trevor Thompson, Brendon Stubbs
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

Objective High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a safe and feasible form of exercise. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the mental health effects of HIIT, in healthy populations and those with physical illnesses, and to compare the mental health effects to non-active controls and other forms of exercise. Design Random effects meta-analyses were undertaken for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HIIT with non-active and/or active (exercise) control conditions for the following coprimary outcomes: mental well-being, symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological stress. Positive and negative affect, distress and sleep outcomes were summarised narratively. Data sources Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to 7 July 2020. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies RCTs that investigated HIIT in healthy populations and/or those with physical illnesses and reported change in mental well-being, depression, anxiety, psychological stress, positive/negative affect, distress and/or sleep quality. Results Fifty-eight RCTs were retrieved. HIIT led to moderate improvements in mental well-being (standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.418; 95% CI: 0.135 to 0.701; n=12 studies), depression severity (SMD: –0.496; 95% CI: −0.973 to −0.020; n=10) and perceived stress (SMD: −0.474; 95% CI: −0.796 to −0.152; n=4) compared with non-active controls, and small improvements in mental well-being compared with active controls (SMD:0.229; 95% CI: 0.054 to 0.403; n=12). There was a suggestion that HIIT may improve sleep and psychological distress compared with non-active controls: however, these findings were based on a small number of RCTs. Conclusion These findings support the use of HIIT for mental health in the general population. Level of evidence The quality of evidence was moderate-to-high according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) criteria. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020182643
Tracking progress on health and climate change in Europe
Authors: Marina Romanello, Kim van Daalen, Josep M Anto, Niheer Dasandi, Paul Drummond, Ian G Hamilton, Slava Jankin, Vladimir Kendrovski, Rachel Lowe, Joacim Rocklöv, Oliver Schmoll, Jan C Semenza, Cathryn Tonne, Maria Nilsson
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2021)

Left unabated, climate change will have catastrophic effects on the health of present and future generations. Such effects are already seen in Europe, through more frequent and severe extreme weather events, alterations to water and food systems, and changes in the environmental suitability for infectious diseases. As one of the largest current and historical contributors to greenhouse gases and the largest provider of financing for climate change mitigation and adaptation, Europe's response is crucial, for both human health and the planet. To ensure that health and wellbeing are protected in this response it is essential to build the capacity to understand, monitor, and quantify health impacts of climate change and the health co-benefits of accelerated action. Responding to this need, the Lancet Countdown in Europe is established as a transdisciplinary research collaboration for monitoring progress on health and climate change in Europe. With the wealth of data and academic expertise available in Europe, the collaboration will develop region-specific indicators to address the main challenges and opportunities of Europe's response to climate change for health. The indicators produced by the collaboration will provide information to health and climate policy decision making, and will also contribute to the European Observatory on Climate and Health.
Leaders in Cardiovascular Research: Nilesh J. Samani
Authors: Tomasz J Guzik, Nilesh J Samani
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

What is your secret of success-is it ambition, or talent?An interesting question to start with!I think it is both, not one or the other.Actually, it is more than that.I think there is also commitment.And to some extent, luck.I think people will agree that what you do in life somewhat depends on where you are, the people and mentors around you and the circumstances you find yourself in.So, it is a mixture of these things.Q: What would you say is the force that pushes you on?Ultimately, it is patient care and benefit.For most doctors, it is the same.I do not think this is anything special.You enter this profession, whether you do research or clinical practice, or a combination, to enrich the lives of the people and the patients you look after.
Cellular and humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy
Authors: Sokratis A. Apostolidis, Mihir Kakara, Mark M. Painter, Rishi R. Goel, Divij Mathew, Kerry Lenzi, Ayman Rezk, Kristina R. Patterson, Diego A. Espinoza, Jessy C. Kadri, Daniel M. Markowitz, Clyde E. Markowitz, Ina Mexhitaj, Dina Jacobs, Allison Babb, Michael R. Betts, Eline T. Luning Prak, Daniela Weiskopf, Alba Grifoni, Kendall A. Lundgreen, Sigrid Gouma, Alessandro Sette, Paul Bates, Scott E. Hensley, Allison R. Greenplate, E. John Wherry, Rui Li, Amit Bar-Or
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)

SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccination in healthy individuals generates immune protection against COVID-19. However, little is known about SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-induced responses in immunosuppressed patients. We investigated induction of antigen-specific antibody, B cell and T cell responses longitudinally in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on anti-CD20 antibody monotherapy (n = 20) compared with healthy controls (n = 10) after BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 mRNA vaccination. Treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (aCD20) significantly reduced spike-specific and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody and memory B cell responses in most patients, an effect ameliorated with longer duration from last aCD20 treatment and extent of B cell reconstitution. By contrast, all patients with MS treated with aCD20 generated antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses after vaccination. Treatment with aCD20 skewed responses, compromising circulating follicular helper T (TFH) cell responses and augmenting CD8 T cell induction, while preserving type 1 helper T (TH1) cell priming. Patients with MS treated with aCD20 lacking anti-RBD IgG had the most severe defect in circulating TFH responses and more robust CD8 T cell responses. These data define the nature of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune landscape in aCD20-treated patients and provide insights into coordinated mRNA vaccine-induced immune responses in humans. Our findings have implications for clinical decision-making and public health policy for immunosuppressed patients including those treated with aCD20.
Satisfaction with and recommendations to improve telehealth visits among adolescents and young adults with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Maria Chang Swartz, Michael Roth, Goldy George, J. Andrew Andrew Livingston, Stephanie J. Wells, Clark Andersen, Jian Wang, Susan K. Peterson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

280 Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted morbidity, mortality, and economic status globally. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs, age 15-39) with cancer may experience disparities in access to health care, compounded by social distancing and stay-at-home orders aimed at reducing the spread of COVID-19. The use of telehealth platforms for clinical visits has accelerated rapidly due to policy changes during the pandemic. Telehealth may provide an avenue for accessing healthcare services among AYAs with cancer; yet, there are few data on AYAs’ preferences and satisfaction relating to telehealth. Our study examined telehealth utilization, satisfaction, preferences and future recommendations among AYAs with a cancer diagnosis. Methods: AYAs in active cancer treatment or in post-treatment survivorship completed an online questionnaire that assessed their experience with telehealth, including: satisfaction with the telehealth visit, likelihood of participating in a future telehealth visit, topics participants would like to discuss via telehealth, and open-ended comments regarding suggestions for improving future telehealth visits. Participants were recruited in two cohorts: a pre-vaccine cohort (September 2020 - January 2021) prior to availability of COVID-19 vaccines in Texas; and, a post-vaccine cohort (April 2021 - May 2021) after vaccine availability. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize preliminary findings. Results: Participants included 273 AYAs with cancer (mean age, 33.8 years old, 26% male, 73% non-Hispanic White, 11% in active treatment, 53% in post-vaccine cohort). Of 71.7% who participated in at least one telehealth visit, 50.9% were somewhat or very satisfied with their visit(s). Topics that all participants preferred to address via telehealth included: stress management (34%); sleep quality (31.7%); diet/nutrition (32.1%); and mental health (29.5%).Topics least preferred for telehealth included fertility counseling (16.7%) and sexual health (13.7%). Open-ended comments from participants highlighted the importance of healthcare providers taking time to listen to their concerns during their visits. Participants suggested that telehealth encounters can be improved by ensuring adequate time for the visit plus good video and audio quality, and using telehealth for follow-up visits rather than initial consultations. Conclusions: About half of AYAs who had participated in a telehealth visit indicated satisfaction with the visit(s). Findings indicated AYAs’ preferences for the types of topics that are most and least preferred to address in telehealth visits, as well as specific recommendations for improving the quality of visits. Consideration of AYAs’ preferences and recommendations in the ongoing implementation of telehealth may help improve patient satisfaction.
CHANGES IN FASTING GLUCOSE LEVELS FOLLOWING LONGER-TERM TREATMENT WITH SIMVASTATIN MONOTHERAPY AND COMBINED EZETIMIBE+SIMVASTATIN
Authors: Peter P. Toth, Alberico Catapano, Michel Farnier, JoAnne Foody, Joanne Tomassini, Erin Jensen, Adam Polis, Thomas Musliner, Andrew Tershakovec
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The EHA Research Roadmap: Immune-based Therapies for Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Hermann Einsele, Javier Briones, Fabio Ciceri, Irene García Cadenas, Fred Falkenburg, Natacha Bolaños, H.M. Mirjam Heemskerk, Roch Houot, Michael Hudecek, Franco Locatelli, Kate Morgan, Emma C. Morris, Michael O’Dwyer, Jordi Gil Sierra, Marcel van den Brink, Arjan A. van de Loosdrecht
Journal: HemaSphere (2021)

In 2016, the European Hematology Association (EHA) published the EHA Roadmap for European Hematology Research1 aiming to highlight achievements in the diagnostics and treatment of blood disorders, and to better inform European policy makers and other stakeholders about the urgent clinical and scientific needs and priorities in the field of hematology. Each section was coordinated by 1-2 section editors who were leading international experts in the field. In the 5 years that have followed, advances in the field of hematology have been plentiful. As such, EHA is pleased to present an updated Research Roadmap, now including 11 sections, each of which will be published separately. The updated EHA Research Roadmap identifies the most urgent priorities in hematology research and clinical science, therefore supporting a more informed, focused, and ideally a more funded future for European Hematology Research. the 11 EHA Research Roadmap sections include normal hematopoiesis; malignant lymphoid diseases; malignant myeloid diseases; anemias and related diseases; platelet disorders; blood coagulation and hemostatic disorders; transfusion medicine; infections in hematology; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; CAR-T and Other cell-based immune therapies; and gene therapy.
Employing Synthetic T-cell Biology to Target AML without On-Target/Off-Cancer Toxicity
Authors: M. Paulina Velasquez, Stephen Gottschalk
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2021)

Summary: Ideal targets for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain elusive. In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Richards and colleagues explore CD93 as a potential AML target antigen, and devise an approach to mitigate “on-target/off-cancer toxicity.” See related article by Richards et al., p. 648.
Trends in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Safety Concerns and Adverse Event Reporting in the United States
Authors: Kalyani Sonawane, Yueh-Yun Lin, Haluk Damgacioglu, Yenan Zhu, Maria E. Fernandez, Jane R. Montealegre, Cecilia Ganduglia Cazaban, Ruosha Li, David R. Lairson, Ying Lin, Anna R. Giuliano, Ashish A. Deshmukh
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> In the US, safety concern has been identified as a primary barrier to initiating the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. It is unclear if the public's sentiment concerning HPV vaccine safety aligns with postmarketing vaccine safety surveillance data. <h3>Objective</h3> To perform a parallel assessment of trends in HPV vaccine safety concerns and HPV vaccine adverse event (AE) reporting. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the National Immunization Survey (NIS) and Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Participants in the NIS were adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. AEs were reported to VAERS by patients, health care clinicians, or other sources. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2020 to May 2021. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Secular trends in HPV vaccine safety concerns and spontaneous AE reporting for HPV vaccination from 2015 to 2018. <h3>Results</h3> Caregivers of 39 364 unvaccinated adolescents with a mean (SD) age of 15.57 (0.08) years (26 996 White adolescents [62.9%], 22 707 male adolescents [56.1%], 11 392 privately insured [62.6%], and 32 674 above the poverty level [79.3%]) reported their reasons for not initiating the HPV vaccine series in the 2015-2018 NIS. Citing safety concerns as the primary reason for not initiating the HPV vaccine series increased from 13.0% (95% CI, 12.1%-14.0%) in 2015 to 23.4% (95% CI, 21.8%-25.0%) in 2018 (<i>P </i>for trend &lt; .001), equating to a change from 170 046 to 259 157 US adolescents not initiating the vaccine because of safety concerns. The proportion of parents citing safety concerns as the main reason for HPV vaccine hesitancy increased in 30 states. The largest increases (more than 200%) were observed in California, Hawaii, South Dakota, and Mississippi. During 2015 to 2018, 16 621 AE reports following HPV vaccination were reported to VAERS. The AE reporting rate per 100 000 doses distributed decreased from 44.7 in 2015 to 29.4 in 2018 (<i>P</i>for trend &lt; .001). The serious AE reporting rate, including those leading to hospitalizations, disability, life-threatening condition, or death did not change. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a rise in citing safety concerns was observed among parents with HPV vaccine hesitancy, contrary to the nonserious and serious AE reporting trends. These findings suggest an urgent need to combat the rising sentiment of safety concerns among caregivers to increase HPV vaccine confidence.
Sputum antinuclear antibody serves as a biomarker for severe asthma
Authors: Quoc Quang Luu, Thi Bich Tra Cao, Yoo Seob Shin, Eun‐Mi Yang, Ji‐Young Moon, Hae‐Sim Park
Journal: Allergy (2021)

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Conventional type I dendritic cells maintain a reservoir of proliferative tumor-antigen specific TCF-1+ CD8+ T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes
Authors: Jason M. Schenkel, Rebecca H. Herbst, David Canner, Amy Li, Michelle Hillman, Sean-Luc Shanahan, Grace Gibbons, Olivia C. Smith, Jonathan Y. Kim, Peter Westcott, William L. Hwang, William A. Freed-Pastor, George Eng, Michael S. Cuoco, Patricia Rogers, Jin K. Park, Megan L. Burger, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Le Cong, Kristen E. Pauken, Aviv Regev, Tyler Jacks
Journal: Immunity (2021)