tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electropharmacologic Effects of Class I and Class III Antiarrhythmia Drugs on Typical Atrial Flutter
Authors: Ching TaiTai, Shih-AnnChen, An-NingFeng, Wen-ChungYu, Yi-JenChen, Mau-SongChang
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background—Acute effects of class I and class III antiarrhythmia drugs on the reentrant circuit of typical atrial flutter are not fully studied. Furthermore, the critical electrophysiologic determinants of flutter termination by antiarrhythmia drugs are not clear. Methods and Results—The study population consisted of 36 patients (mean age, 53±17 years) with clinically documented typical atrial flutter. A 20-pole “halo” catheter was positioned around the tricuspid annulus. Incremental pacing was performed to measure the conduction velocity along the isthmus and lateral wall, and extrastimulation was performed to evaluate atrial refractory period in the baseline state and after intravenous infusion of ibutilide, propafenone, and amiodarone. Efficacy of these drugs in conversion of typical atrial flutter and patterns of termination were also determined. Ibutilide significantly increased the atrial refractory period and decreased conduction velocity in the isthmus at short pacing cycle length. It terminated a...
Clinical merit of endomyocardial biopsy.
Authors: J WMason, J BO'Connell
Journal: Circulation (1989)

At this time, endomyocardial biopsy has proven validity as a diagnostic method in few circumstances. However, it is overused. In the near term, the extent of its use should be modified by knowledge of its therapeutic relevance in patients with myocarditis. In the long term, numerous new techniques for studying pathophysiology at the subcellular and molecular levels will demand a central role for endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis, treatment and fundamental understanding of myocardial diseases. We believe that endomyocardial biopsy will serve as an indispensible link between basic scientists and clinicians in the effort to describe disease mechanisms.
Loss of endothelial pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein function in atherosclerotic porcine coronary arteries.
Authors: HShimokawa, N AFlavahan, P MVanhoutte
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Pertussis toxin, an irreversible inhibitor of some G proteins, inhibits endothelium-dependent relaxations to certain agonists in porcine coronary arteries. In the present study, the effects of the toxin were examined on endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations of hypercholesterolemic and atherosclerotic porcine coronary arteries to assess the functional state of the endothelial pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Male Yorkshire pigs were maintained on either a regular diet (control group, n = 7) or a 2% high-cholesterol diet (cholesterol-fed group, n = 7) for 10 weeks. After the initial 2 weeks of maintenance, animals in both groups underwent balloon catheter removal of the endothelium of the left anterior descending or left circumflex coronary arteries. Endothelium-dependent responses were examined in vitro after 10 weeks of maintenance; at this time, a full lining of endothelial cells in both left coronary arteries was confirmed histologically. In arteries with endothelium of the control grou...
Air trapping in the lungs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. A mechanism for generating changes in intrathoracic pressure.
Authors: H RHalperin, RBrower, M LWeisfeldt, J ETsitlik, NChandra, L MCristiano, HFessler, RBeyar, EWurmb, A DGuerci
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

To test the hypothesis that during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, chest compression with an unobstructed trachea raises and maintains intrathoracic pressure by collapsing airways and trapping air in the lung, we studied 11 dogs (20-32 kg). An inflatable vest compressed the thorax after induction of ventricular fibrillation. First, tracheal airflow was measured by a pneumotachometer during vest inflation and deflation in nine of the dogs. As expected, during the initial phase of vest inflation of cycles after ventilation, air moved out of the lungs, but then airflow stopped. After vest deflation, however, more air moved out of the lungs in eight of the nine dogs; this occurrence indicated that a portion of the inspired tidal volume was trapped during vest inflation. During cycles without prior ventilation, the amount of air expired by chest compression decreased, paradoxically, at higher peak vest pressure (p less than 0.002); this occurrence indicated that air was trapped at the higher vest pressures. The...
Durable vision improvement after a single treatment with antisense oligonucleotide sepofarsen: a case report
Authors: Artur V. Cideciyan, Samuel G. Jacobson, Allen C. Ho, Alexandra V. Garafalo, Alejandro J. Roman, Alexander Sumaroka, Arun K. Krishnan, Malgorzata Swider, Michael R. Schwartz, Aniz Girach
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)
Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham Heart Study subjects.
Authors: K KHo, K MAnderson, W BKannel, WGrossman, DLevy
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDRelatively limited epidemiological data are available regarding the prognosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) and temporal changes in survival after its onset in a population-based setting.METHODS AND RESULTSProportional hazards models were used to evaluate the effects of selected clinical variables on survival after the onset of CHF among 652 members of the Framingham Heart Study (51% men; mean age, 70.0 +/- 10.8 years) who developed CHF between 1948 and 1988. Subjects were older at the diagnosis of heart failure in the later decades of this study (mean age at heart failure diagnosis, 57.3 +/- 7.6 years in the 1950s, 65.9 +/- 7.9 years in the 1960s, 71.6 +/- 9.4 years in the 1970s, and 76.4 +/- 10.0 years in the 1980s; p < 0.001). Median survival after the onset of heart failure was 1.7 years in men and 3.2 years in women. Overall, 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 57% and 25% in men and 64% and 38% in women, respectively. Survival was better in women than in men (age-adjusted hazards rat...
Abstract 366: Risk of Adverse Events With Left Ventricular Assist Devicein Cardiogenic Shock Patients
Authors: Clauden Louis
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Study: The aim of this single-center, a retrospective study was to evaluate early and long-term adverse events in advanced heart failure patients with cardiogenic shock who underwent ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation. We hypothesize that outcomes in patients implanted with LVAD with INTERMACS 1 have increased the risk of perioperative bleeding and infection. Methods: We evaluated outcomes in 191 patients with a HeartMate II LVAD implanted between May 2008 and June 2014 at the University of Rochester Medical Center, enrolled in the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) Registry. Patients were divided into two groups: A) INTERMACS level 1 (cardiogenic shock) or B) INTERMACS level&gt;1 (noncardiogenic shock). Preoperative characteristics, as well as post-surgical bleeding, infection and all-cause mortality, were assessed. The original LVAD database has received exempt status from the RSRB (RSRB00043111). Results: From 191 patients, there were 59 patients with INTERMACS level 1, and 132 with INTERMACS level greater than 1. Patients with INTERMACS level 1 at LVAD implantation were younger. Following LVAD implantation, INTERMACS level 1 patients had a trend towards bleeding and infection.
Differences in alpha-adrenergic responsiveness between human internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins.
Authors: J SWeinstein, WGrossman, R MWeintraub, R LThurer, R GJohnson, K GMorgan
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Little is known regarding specific biologic and pharmacologic differences between human internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins. To better define the role of alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in human internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins, we obtained fresh specimens of both vessels from 32 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Dose-response curves were generated for the relatively selective alpha 1-receptor agonist phenylephrine, the alpha 2-receptor agonist BHT-920, and the alpha 1- and alpha 2-receptor agonist norepinephrine. Phenylephrine elicited similar contractile responses in internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins, with a mean EC50 (the effective concentration necessary to produce 50% of the maximal contraction) of 1.4 X 10(-6) M for internal mammary arteries and 1.8 X 10(-6) M for saphenous veins (p = NS). Selective stimulation of alpha 2-receptors with BHT-920 elicited a marked contractile response only in saphenous veins. Dose-response curves for ph...
Association of Race/Ethnicity and Social Disadvantage With Autism Prevalence in 7 Million School Children in England
Authors: Andres Roman-Urrestarazu, Robin van Kessel, Carrie Allison, Fiona E. Matthews, Carol Brayne, Simon Baron-Cohen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported to be between 1% and 2% of the population, with little research in Black, Asian, and other racial/ethnic minority groups. Accurate estimates of ASD prevalence are vital to planning diagnostic, educational, health, and social care services and may detect possible access barriers to diagnostic pathways and services and inequalities based on social determinants of health.To evaluate whether socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with ASD prevalence and the likelihood of accessing ASD services in racial/ethnic minority and disadvantaged groups in England.This case-control prevalence cohort study used the Spring School Census 2017 from the Pupil Level Annual Schools Census of the National Pupil Database, which is a total population sample that includes all English children, adolescents, and young adults aged 2 to 21 years in state-funded education. Data were collected on January 17, 2017, and analyzed from August 2, 2018, to January 28, 2020.Age and sex were treated as a priori confounders while assessing correlates of ASD status according to (1) race/ethnicity, (2) social disadvantage, (3) first language spoken, (4) Education, Health and Care Plan or ASD Special Educational Needs and Disability support status, and (5) mediation analysis to assess how social disadvantage and language might affect ASD status.Sex- and age-standardized ASD prevalence by race/ethnicity and 326 English local authority districts in pupils aged 5 to 19 years.The final population sample consisted of 7 047 238 pupils (50.99% male; mean [SD] age, 10.18 [3.47] years) and included 119 821 pupils with ASD, of whom 21 660 also had learning difficulties (18.08%). The standardized prevalence of ASD was 1.76% (95% CI, 1.75%-1.77%), with male pupils showing a prevalence of 2.81% (95% CI, 2.79%-2.83%) and female pupils a prevalence of 0.65% (95% CI, 0.64%-0.66%), for a male-to-female ratio (MFR) of 4.32:1. Standardized prevalence was highest in Black pupils (2.11% [95% CI, 2.06%-2.16%]; MFR, 4.68:1) and lowest in Roma/Irish Travelers (0.85% [95% CI, 0.67%-1.03%]; MFR, 2.84:1). Pupils with ASD were more likely to face social disadvantage (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.59-1.63) and to speak English as an additional language (adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.63-0.65). The effect of race/ethnicity on ASD status was mediated mostly through social disadvantage, with Black pupils having the largest effect (standardized mediation coefficient, 0.018; P < .001) and 12.41% of indirect effects through this way.These findings suggest that significant differences in ASD prevalence exist across racial/ethnic groups and geographic areas and local authority districts, indicating possible differential phenotypic prevalence or differences in detection or referral for racial/ethnic minority groups.
The first decade of aortocoronary bypass grafting, 1967-1977. A review.
Authors: H DMcIntosh, J AGarcia
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Despite a decade of experience with aortocoronary bypass grafting embracing 300,000 or more operations, indications for its use remain controversial. The controversy persists because of a lack of adequate controls with which to compare the clinical course of operated patients; only 1248 have been reported who have been studied in a carefully controlled and random manner. Benefit has been claimed frequently by comparing the course of patients treated surgically with medically treated patients followed the decade before. Such comparisons are not valid in view of the well documented changes in the natural history of coronary artery disease that have been occurring during the last decade. Despite a low operative mortality and rate of graft closure, available data in the literature do not indicate that initial symptomatic improvement necessarily persists, or that myocardial infarctions, arrhythmias, or congestive heart failure will be prevented, or that life will be prolonged in the vast majority of operated p...
Intubation With Video Laryngoscopy vs Direct Laryngoscopy
Authors: Fu S. Xue, Ya Y. Liu, Hui X. Li
Journal: JAMA (2017)

To the Editor In the recent study by Dr Lascarrou and colleagues1 comparing successful first-pass orotracheal intubation with video laryngoscopy vs direct laryngoscopy in patients in the ICU, we note several issues that were not well addressed.
First Case Report of Pregnancy on Alectinib in a Woman With Metastatic ALK-Rearranged Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Giovanna Scarfone, Monica Fumagalli, Martina Imbimbo, Tommaso Ceruti, Fulvia Milena Cribiù, Eugenia Di Loreto, Maurizio D’Incalci, Federica Facchin, Camilla Fontana, Marina C. Garassino, Fedro A. Peccatori, Nicola Persico, Diego Signorelli, Massimo Zucchetti
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Role of neutrophil adherence receptors (CD 18) in lung permeability following lower torso ischemia.
Authors: RWelbourn, GGoldman, LKobzik, I SPaterson, C RValeri, DShepro, H BHechtman
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Ischemia and reperfusion of the lower torso lead to leukotriene- and neutrophil (PMN)-dependent lung injury characterized by lung PMN sequestration, increased permeability, and noncardiogenic edema. It is thought that PMNs require adhesion to endothelium to alter barrier function. This study tests the role of CD 18, the PMN adherence receptor, in mediating lung permeability after lower torso ischemia and reperfusion. Anesthetized rabbits (n = 9) underwent 3 hours of bilateral hind limb ischemia. Ten minutes after the release of the tourniquets, plasma leukotriene B4 levels increased to 395 +/- 85 pg/ml, higher than 129 +/- 35 pg/ml in controls (n = 9, p less than 0.01). At this time there was a reduction in circulating white blood cells (x 10(3)), 3.56 +/- 0.49/mm3 relative to 6.07 +/- 0.61/mm3 in controls (p less than 0.01). PMNs were sequestered in the hind limbs, indicated by increased myeloperoxidase activity of 1.06 +/- 0.19 units/g compared with 0.56 +/- 0.09 units/g in controls (p less than 0.05). ...
Influence of contractile state on curvilinearity of in situ end-systolic pressure-volume relations.
Authors: D AKass, RBeyar, ELankford, MHeard, W LMaughan, KSagawa
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Although in situ end-systolic pressure-volume relations (ESPVRs) are approximately linear throughout a limited load range, they often yield seemingly negative volume axis intercepts (V0) and V0 shifts with inotropic interventions. We tested whether or not these findings could stem from in situ ESPVR nonlinearity, and we examined the physiologic meaning and limitations of linearized ESPVR variables frequently used for assessing contractile state. Continuous left ventricular pressures and volumes were obtained by micromanometer and conductance (volume) catheters in six open-chest dogs. Left ventricular loading was varied throughout a wide range by rapid left atrial hemorrhage into a reservoir. Propranolol and verapamil were administered to reduce inotropic state, with heart rate maintained by atrioventricular sequential pacing. ESPVRs were fit to nonlinear [Pes = a(Ves-V'0)2 + b(Ves-V'0)] and linear (Pes = Ees (Ves-V0)] models. Contractile state was assessed by the slope of the ESPVR at V'0 (b, of nonline...
Improvement of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with unstable angina.
Authors: A JKolibash, J SGoodenow, C ABush, M RTetalman, R PLewis
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Changes in myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function were evaluated pre- and post-operatively (3--6 months) in 14 patients with unstable angina who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. Perfusion was studied with intracoronary and intragraft injections of radiolabeled macroaggregated albumin particles. Of 20 abnormal perfusion areas identified preoperatively, 13 demonstrated improved perfusion post-operatively. Segmental analysis of the left ventriculogram demonstrated improved wall motion in 29 abnormally contracting segments; 18 normalized. Areas which showed improvement of left ventricular perfusion were invariably associated with improvement of left ventricular wall motion. Five patients showed improvement in perfusion and contraction in areas of apparent old myocardial infarction. Thirteen of the 14 patients had significantly less angina whether or not there was evidence of improved perfusion. However, only those patients who demonstrated improved perfusion had a significant improvement ...
Paradoxical dynamic interaction of heart period and vagal activity on atrioventricular conduction in the dog.
Authors: PMartin
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The dynamic interaction of simultaneously changing heart period and single vagal stimuli on atrioventricular conduction (AV interval) was quantified by subtracting the vagally induced responses of the paced heart preparation from those of the unpaced heart preparation. This difference was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than the AV responses to changes in heart period (delta A) alone without vagal stimulation (using the identical delta AA recorded from the unpaced heart in the same preparation, but with a crushed sinoatrial node). That is, for a given increase in AA interval, the AV conduction time was considerably less when the change in AA was associated with increased vagal activity than in the absence of any vagal activity. Data from some dogs in which a complete AV block was produced for both paced and unpaced hearts suggested that one mechanism of the paradoxical response was located in AV nodal tissue. Data from other dogs, in which two surface atrial recording sites were used, indicated t...
Role of the vascular endothelium in regulating the response of small arteries of the dog kidney to transmural pressure elevation and reduced PO2.
Authors: HEskinder, D RHarder, J HLombard
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The goal of this study was to determine the role of the vascular endothelium in regulating the response of small renal arteries to increased transmural pressure and reduced PO2. Canine small renal arteries (496 +/- 32 microns) were isolated, cannulated with micropipettes, and mounted in an in vitro chamber that allowed transmural pressure, tissue bath PO2, and vessel lumen PO2 to be controlled. In intact arteries, elevation of transmural pressure caused contractile activation and a progressive depolarization (0.17 +/- 0.09 mV/mm Hg pressure increase) of the vascular smooth muscle cells. Endothelial damage by air perfusion caused a 13-14% reduction in resting diameter and an 18 +/- 3 mV depolarization of the vascular smooth muscle, but eliminated the progressive contraction and depolarization that occurred in intact vessels in response to transmural pressure elevation. Reduction of either tissue bath O2 concentration or vessel lumen PO2 significantly enhanced norepinephrine-induced contractions of the arte...
Protection of mitochondrial function during ischemia by potassium cardioplegia: correlation with ischemic contracture.
Authors: J DSink, G LPellom, W DCurrie, W RChitwood, R CHill, A SWechsler
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The effect of potassium cardioplegia on mitochondrial function was evaluated in the ischemic isolated rat heart. Mitochondrial function as well as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were determined at the initiation of ischemic contracture, at the completion of ischemic contracture, and 20 minutes following contracture completion. Group I received no cardioplegia prior to ischemia, while Group II received potassium cardioplegia prior to the onset of ischemia. The respiratory control index (RCI), which is the primary measure of the intactness of mitochondrial function, was calculated with both a NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-linked substrate and a FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)-linked substrate. Potassium cardioplegia significantly delayed ischemic contracture initiation and completion. Although the RCI and ATP levels decreased significantly at successive levels of contracture, there was no difference in the RCI or ATP content between Group I and Group II at contracture initiation or completi...
Adjuvant Nivolumab in Resected Esophageal or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
Authors: Ronan J. Kelly, Jaffer A. Ajani, Jaroslaw Kuzdzal, Thomas Zander, Eric Van Cutsem, Guillaume Piessen, Guillermo Mendez, Josephine Feliciano, Satoru Motoyama, Astrid Lièvre, Hope Uronis, Elena Elimova, Cecile Grootscholten, Karen Geboes, Syed Zafar, Stephanie Snow, Andrew H. Ko, Kynan Feeney, Michael Schenker, Piotr Kocon, Jenny Zhang, Lili Zhu, Ming Lei, Prianka Singh, Kaoru Kondo, James M. Cleary, Markus Moehler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

No adjuvant treatment has been established for patients who remain at high risk for recurrence after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer.
Engineering oxygen-deficient ZrO2-x nanoplatform as therapy-activated “immunogenic cell death (ICD)” inducer to synergize photothermal-augmented sonodynamic tumor elimination in NIR-II biological window
Authors: Xiaodan Jiao, Lihong Sun, Wei Zhang, Junjie Ren, Lei Zhang, Yang Cao, Zhigang Xu, Yuejun Kang, Peng Xue
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)
Estimating cardiac transmembrane activation and recovery times from unipolar and bipolar extracellular electrograms: a simulation study.
Authors: B MSteinhaus
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

A model of one-dimensional action potential propagation was used to compare activation times and recovery times measured from simulated unipolar and bipolar electrograms with the activation and recovery times measured from simulated transmembrane action potentials. Theory predicts that the intrinsic deflection--the time of the maximum negative slope of the unipolar electrogram QRS complex--corresponds to the time of maximum positive slope of action potential depolarization. Similarly, the time of the maximum positive slope of the unipolar electrogram T wave corresponds to the time of maximum negative slope of action potential repolarization. This study showed that the difference between the unipolar electrogram activation time and the action potential activation time and the difference between the unipolar electrogram recovery time and the action potential recovery time were small during ideal conditions of uniform propagation in a long cable. Nonideal conditions, however, were associated with activation ...
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Predictors of Outcomes in Medically Treated Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes After Angiographic Triage: An Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) Substudy”
Authors: Alexandra Lansky, Kenji Goto, Martin Fahy, Ecatarina Cristea, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone, Frederick Feit, E. Magnus Ohman, Karen P. Alexander, Harvey D. White, Michel E. Bertrand, Walter Desmet, Martial Hamon
Journal: Circulation (2011)