tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Promoting Ethical Deployment of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Healthcare
Authors: Kayte Spector-Bagdady, Vasiliki Rahimzadeh, Kaitlyn Jaffe, Jonathan Moreno
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

This article refers to:A Research Ethics Framework for the Clinical Translation of Healthcare Machine LearningEmerging Paradigms for Ethical Review of Research Using Artificial IntelligenceThe Need for a Global Approach to the Ethical Evaluation of Healthcare Machine LearningScaling up the Research Ethics Framework for Healthcare Machine Learning as Global Health Ethics and GovernanceBridging the AI Chasm: Can EBM Address Representation and Fairness in Clinical Machine Learning?Challenges of Local Ethics Review in a Global Healthcare AI MarketA Systemic Approach to the Oversight of Machine Learning Clinical TranslationRethinking the AI ChasmBroadening the Ethical Scope
Targeting BCAT1 Combined with α-Ketoglutarate Triggers Metabolic Synthetic Lethality in Glioblastoma
Authors: Bo Zhang, Hui Peng, Mi Zhou, Lei Bao, Chenliang Wang, Feng Cai, Hongxia Zhang, Jennifer E. Wang, Yanling Niu, Yan Chen, Yijie Wang, Kimmo J. Hatanpaa, John A. Copland, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Yingfei Wang, Weibo Luo
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is upregulated selectively in human isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype (WT) but not mutant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and promotes IDHWT GBM growth. Through a metabolic synthetic lethal screen, we report here that α-ketoglutarate (AKG) kills IDHWT GBM cells when BCAT1 protein is lost, which is reversed by reexpression of BCAT1 or supplementation with branched-chain α-ketoacids (BCKA), downstream metabolic products of BCAT1. In patient-derived IDHWT GBM tumors in vitro and in vivo, cotreatment of BCAT1 inhibitor gabapentin and AKG resulted in synthetic lethality. However, AKG failed to evoke a synthetic lethal effect with loss of BCAT2, BCKDHA, or GPT2 in IDHWT GBM cells. Mechanistically, loss of BCAT1 increased the NAD+/NADH ratio but impaired oxidative phosphorylation, mTORC1 activity, and nucleotide biosynthesis. These metabolic alterations were synergistically augmented by AKG treatment, thereby causing mitochondrial dysfunction and depletion of cellular building blocks, including ATP, nucleotides, and proteins. Partial restoration of ATP, nucleotides, proteins, and mTORC1 activity by BCKA supplementation prevented IDHWT GBM cell death conferred by the combination of BCAT1 loss and AKG. These findings define a targetable metabolic vulnerability in the most common subset of GBM that is currently incurable. Significance: Metabolic synthetic lethal screening in IDHWT glioblastoma defines a vulnerability to ΑΚG following BCAT1 loss, uncovering a therapeutic strategy to improve glioblastoma treatment. See related commentary by Meurs and Nagrath, p. 2354
Randomized Trial of Chocolate Touch Compared With Lutonix Drug-Coated Balloon in Femoropopliteal Lesions (Chocolate Touch Study)
Authors: Mehdi H. Shishehbor, Thomas Zeller, Martin Werner, Marianne Brodmann, Helen Parise, Andrew Holden, Michael Lichtenberg, Sahil A. Parikh, Vikram S. Kashyap, Cody Pietras, Daniela Tirziu, Shiva Ardakani, Ulrich Beschorner, Prakash Krishnan, Khusrow A. Niazi, Andreas U. Wali, Alexandra J. Lansky
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: First-generation drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have significantly reduced the rate of restenosis compared with balloon angioplasty alone; however, high rates of bailout stenting and dissections persist. The Chocolate Touch DCB is a nitinol constrained balloon designed to reduce acute vessel trauma and inhibit neointima formation and restenosis. Methods: Patients with claudication or ischemic rest pain (Rutherford class 2–4) and superficial femoral or popliteal disease (≥70% stenosis) were randomized 1:1 to Chocolate Touch or Lutonix DCB at 34 sites in the United States, Europe, and New Zealand. The primary efficacy end point was DCB success, defined as primary patency at 12 months (peak systolic velocity ratio &lt;2.4 by duplex ultrasound without clinically driven target lesion revascularization in the absence of clinically driven bailout stenting). The primary safety end point was freedom from major adverse events at 12 months, a composite of target limb-related death, major amputation, or reintervention. Both primary end points were tested for noninferiority, and if met, sequential superiority testing for efficacy followed by safety was prespecified. An independent clinical events committee, and angiographic and duplex ultrasound core laboratories blinded to treatment allocation reviewed all end points. Results: A total of 313 patients were randomized to Chocolate Touch (n=152) versus Lutonix DCB (n=161). Follow-up at 1 year was available in 94% of patients. The mean age was 69.4±9.5 years, the average lesion length was 78.1±46.9 mm, and 46.2% had moderate-to-severe calcification. The primary efficacy rates of DCB success at 12 months was 78.8% (108/137) with Chocolate Touch and 67.7% (88/130) with Lutonix DCB (difference, 11.1% [95% CI, 0.6–21.7]), meeting noninferiority ( P noninferiority &lt;0.0001) and sequential superiority ( P superiority =0.04). The primary safety event rate was 88.9% (128/144) with Chocolate Touch and 84.6% (126/149) with Lutonix DCB ( P noninferiority &lt;0.001; P superiority =0.27). Conclusions: In this prospective, multicenter, randomized trial, the second-generation Chocolate Touch DCB met both noninferiority end points for efficacy and safety and was more effective than Lutonix DCB at 12 months for the treatment of femoropopliteal disease. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02924857.
Ultrasmall Nanoparticle Delivery of Doxorubicin Improves Therapeutic Index for High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Virginia Aragon-Sanabria, Anusha Aditya, Li Zhang, Feng Chen, Barney Yoo, Tianye Cao, Brian Madajewski, Rachel Lee, Melik Z. Turker, Kai Ma, Sebastien Monette, Peiming Chen, Jing Wu, Shutian Ruan, Michael Overholtzer, Pat Zanzonico, Charles M. Rudin, Cameron Brennan, Ulrich Wiesner, Michelle S. Bradbury
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: Despite dramatic growth in the number of small-molecule drugs developed to treat solid tumors, durable therapeutic options to control primary central nervous system malignancies are relatively scarce. Chemotherapeutic agents that appear biologically potent in model systems have often been found to be marginally effective at best when given systemically in clinical trials. This work presents for the first time an ultrasmall (&amp;lt;8 nm) multimodal core-shell silica nanoparticle, Cornell prime dots (or C′ dots), for the efficacious treatment of high-grade gliomas. Experimental Design: This work presents first-in-kind renally clearable ultrasmall (&amp;lt;8 nm) multimodal C′ dots with surface-conjugated doxorubicin (DOX) via pH-sensitive linkers for the efficacious treatment in two different clinically relevant high-grade glioma models. Results: Optimal drug-per-particle ratios of as-developed nanoparticle–drug conjugates were established and used to obtain favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. The in vivo efficacy results showed significantly improved biological, therapeutic, and toxicological properties over the native drug after intravenous administration in platelet-derived growth factor–driven genetically engineered mouse model, and an EGF-expressing patient-derived xenograft (EGFR PDX) model. Conclusions: Ultrasmall C′ dot–drug conjugates showed great translational potential over DOX for improving the therapeutic outcome of patients with high-grade gliomas, even without a cancer-targeting moiety.
Studies Examine Risk of Hearing Loss After COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Eric J. Formeister, MD, MS; Matthew J. Wu, BS; Divya A. Chari, MD; Robert Meek III, MD; Steven D. Rauch, MD; Aaron K. Remenschneider, MD; Alicia M. Quesnel, MD; Ronald de Venecia, MD, PhD; Daniel J. Lee, MD; Wade Chien, MD; C. Matthew Stewart, MD, PhD; Deepa Galaiya, MD; Elliott D. Kozin, MD; Daniel Q. Sun, MD
In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, adding remdesivir to standard care did not reduce in-hospital mortality
Authors: Kasha P. Singh, Steven Y.C. Tong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

ACP Journal ClubMay 2022In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, adding remdesivir to standard care did not reduce in-hospital mortalityKasha P. Singh, MBBS, PhD, Steven Y.C. Tong, MBBS(Hons), PhDKasha P. Singh, MBBS, PhDThe Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.P.S., S.Y.T.), Steven Y.C. Tong, MBBS(Hons), PhDThe Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.P.S., S.Y.T.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J22-0025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationAli K, Azher T, Baqi M, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of patients in hospital with COVID-19 in Canada: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2022;194:E242-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35045989Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Critical Care: References1. Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19–final report. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1813-26. [PMID: 32445440] Google Scholar2. Pan H, Peto R, Henao-Restrepo AM, et al. Repurposed antiviral drugs for Covid-19–interim WHO Solidarity trial results. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:497-511. [PMID: 33264556] Google Scholar3. Lee TC, Murthy S, Del Corpo O, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv. Preprint posted online 23 Jan 2022. doi:10.1101/2022.01.22.22269545 Google Scholar4. Gottlieb RL, Vaca CE, Paredes R, et al. Early remdesivir to prevent progression to severe Covid-19 in outpatients. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:305-15. [PMID: 34937145] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kasha P. Singh, MBBS, PhD; Steven Y.C. Tong, MBBS(Hons), PhDAffiliations: The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.P.S., S.Y.T.)Disclosures: The commentators have reported no disclosures of interest. The forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J22-0025.This article was published at Annals.org on 3 May 2022. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe development of COVID-19 treatment May 2022Volume 175, Issue 5Page: JC51KeywordsCOVID-19Clinical trialsHealth careHospitalizationsInterquartile rangeMortalityOxygenRandomized trialsRelative riskRespirators ePublished: 3 May 2022 Issue Published: May 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Genome-wide Survival Analysis for Macular Neovascularization Development in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Revealed Shared Genetic Susceptibility with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Yuki Mori, Masahiro Miyake, Yoshikatsu Hosoda, Akiko Miki, Ayako Takahashi, Yuki Muraoka, Manabu Miyata, Takehiro Sato, Hiroshi Tamura, Sotaro Ooto, Ryo Yamada, Kenji Yamashiro, Makoto Nakamura, Atsushi Tajima, Masao Nagasaki, Shigeru Honda, Akitaka Tsujikawa
Journal: Ophthalmology (2022)
High influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers in acute care hospitals in Finland, seasons 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20
Authors: Charlotte C Hammer, Outi Lyytikäinen, Dinah Arifulla, Saija Toura, Hanna Nohynek
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

BackgroundInfluenza vaccination is widely recommended for healthcare workers (HCWs) in European countries, but the coverage is not always satisfactory. In Finland, a new act was introduced in March 2017, according to which it is the employer's responsibility to appoint only vaccinated HCWs for servicing vulnerable patients.AimWe determined the influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs in Finnish acute care hospitals in three influenza seasons after introduction of the act.MethodsWe analysed data collected by an internet-based survey sent annually to all Finnish acute care hospitals and described the influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs during seasons 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20. We calculated mean coverage per healthcare district and season.ResultsIn season 2017/18, 38 of 39 hospitals, in 2018/19, 35 of 36 hospitals and in 2018/19 31 of 33 hospitals provided data. The mean influenza vaccination coverage was 83.7% (SD: 12.3) in season 2017/18, 90.8% (SD: 8.7) in 2018/19 and 87.6% (SD: 10.9) in season 2019/20. There was no significant increase or decrease in the mean coverage across the three seasons. The differences between districts were only significant in 2018/19 (p < 0.005).ConclusionsThe coverage of influenza-vaccinated HCWs in Finnish hospitals was high in all three seasons and the current legal situation (semi-mandatory system) in Finland seems to provide a good background for this. Data collection should be maintained and improved for further monitoring.
Pertussis surveillance results from a French general practitioner network, France, 2017 to 2020
Authors: Marion Debin, Titouan Launay, Louise Rossignol, Fatima Ait El Belghiti, Sylvain Brisse, Sophie Guillot, Nicole Guiso, Daniel Levy-Bruhl, Lore Merdrignac, Julie Toubiana, Thierry Blanchon, Thomas Hanslik
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Introduction In France, three complementary surveillance networks involving hospitals and paediatrician practices currently allow pertussis surveillance among infants (&lt;1 year old) and children (1–12 years old). Data on incidences among adolescents (13–17 years old) and adults (≥ 18 years) are scarce. In 2017, a sentinel surveillance system called Sentinelles network, was implemented among general practitioners (GPs). Aim The purpose of Sentinelles network is to assess pertussis incidence, monitor the cases’ age distribution and evaluate the impact of the country’s vaccination policy. We present the results from the first 4 years of this surveillance. Methods GPs of the French Sentinelles network reported weekly numbers of epidemiologically or laboratory-confirmed cases and their characteristics. Results A total of 132 cases were reported over 2017–2020. Estimated national incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants were 17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 12–22) in 2017, 10 (95% CI: 6–14) in 2018, 15 (95% CI: 10–20) in 2019 and three (95% CI: 1–5) in 2020. The incidence rate was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2017–2019. Women were significantly more affected than men (83/132; 63% of women, p = 0.004); 66% (87/132) of cases were aged 15 years or over (median age: 31.5 years; range: 2 months–87 years). Among 37 vaccinated cases with data, 33 had received the recommended number of doses for their age. Conclusions These results concur with incidences reported in other European countries, and with studies showing that the incidences of several respiratory diseases decreased in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also suggest a shift of morbidity towards older age groups, and a rapid waning of immunity after vaccination, justifying to continue this surveillance.
Management of Chronic Hypertension During Pregnancy
Authors: Suchitra Chandrasekaran, Martina L. Badell, Denise J. Jamieson
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Genomics of Colorectal Cancer in Populations with African and European Ancestry
Authors: Parvathi A. Myer, Jessica K. Lee, Russell W. Madison, Kith Pradhan, Justin Y. Newberg, Carmen R. Isasi, Samuel J. Klempner, Garrett M. Frampton, Jeffery S. Ross, Jeffrey M. Venstrom, Alexa B. Schrock, Sudipto Das, Leonard Augenlicht, Amit Verma, John M. Greally, Srilakshmi M. Raj, Sanjay Goel, Siraj M. Ali
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Abstract Black people have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer and worse survival rates when compared with white people. Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed in 46,140 colorectal adenocarcinoma cases. Ancestry-informative markers identified 5,301 patients of African descent (AFR) and 33,770 patients of European descent (EUR). AFR were younger, had fewer microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) tumors, and had significantly more frequent alterations in KRAS, APC, and PIK3CA. AFR had increased frequency of KRAS mutations, specifically KRASG12D and KRASG13. There were no differences in rates of actionable kinase driver alterations (HER2, MET, NTRK, ALK, ROS1, and RET). In patients with young-onset colorectal cancer (&amp;lt;50 years), AFR and EUR had a similar frequency of MSI-H and tumor mutational burden–high (TMB-H) tumors, and strikingly different trends in APC mutations by age, as well as differences in MAPK pathway alterations. These findings inform treatment decisions, impact prognosis, and underscore the need for model systems representative of the diverse U.S. population. Significance: KRAS (particularly KRASG12D/G13), APC, and PIK3CA were more frequently altered in AFR who had a lower frequency of MSI-H tumors. There were no differences in actionable kinase driver alterations. In young-onset colorectal cancer, both ancestries had a similar frequency of MSI-H/TMB-H tumors, but strikingly different trends in APC. See related commentary by Eng and Holowatyj, p. 1187. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1171
Mechanism Found for IDO1 Inhibitor Evasion
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2022)

Researchers have pinpointed metabolic alterations that may allow tumors to evade the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat. Tumor cells enlisted an alternative pathway to break down tryptophan, the target of IDO1, and increased the activity of pathways that generate NAD+. The metabolic changes also suppressed CD8+ T cells.
The Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes in China From 2013 to 2018
Authors: Wen-Jun Tu, Yimeng Xue, Ding Nie
Journal: JAMA (2022)

To the Editor A recent article1 estimated trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and risk factors for diabetes in China from 2013 to 2018 based on national data. However, we have some concerns about this study.
Recent Trends in School-Based Mental Health Services Among Low-Income and Racial and Ethnic Minority Adolescents
Authors: Adam S. Wilk, Ju-Chen Hu, Hefei Wen, Janet R. Cummings
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

This survey study uses publicly available data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health to evaluate school-based mental health (MH) service use among low-income and racial and ethnic minority adolescents.
Physical Maneuvers and Recent Tools to Break the Silence of Clinically Undetectable Heart Sounds—Reply
Authors: Nancy Jariwala, Seth Klapman, Jonathon McBride
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes in China From 2013 to 2018—Reply
Authors: Limin Wang, Jing Wu, Youfa Wang
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In overweight or obesity without diabetes, weekly semaglutide vs. daily liraglutide increased weight loss at 68 wk
Authors: Robert P. Kauffman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Source Citation Rubino DM, Greenway FL, Khalid U, et al. Effect of weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs daily liraglutide on body weight in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes: the STEP 8 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;327:138-50. 35015037
In older adults having hip fracture surgery, regional vs. general anesthesia did not reduce postoperative delirium
Authors: Sudeep S. Gill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Source Citation Li T, Li J, Yuan L, et al. Effect of regional vs general anesthesia on incidence of postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: the RAGA randomized trial. JAMA. 2022;327:50-8. 34928310