tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of perioperative myocardial damage after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Authors: ARighetti, M HCrawford, R AO'Rourke, THardarson, HSchelbert, P ODaily, MDeLuca, WAshburn, JRoss
Journal: Circulation (1977)

In order to evaluate methods for detecting peri-operative myocardial damage we studied 41 patients before and serially following coronary artery bypass graft surgery utilizing the 12-lead ECG, serum MB-CPK measurements, and 99mTc pyrophosphate myocardial scans. Six of the 41 patients (15%) developed persistent new Q waves after surgery. Six other patients demonstrated ischemic ST-T wave changes that persisted for 48 hours or more. Mean total MB-CPK released was highest for the group with new Q waves [1598+/-545 (SE) I.U./L-hr] as compared to the group with ischemic ST-T wave changes 708+/-65 I.U./L-hr) or the group with no ECG changes (262+/-47 I.U./L-hr). Ten patients (24%) has positive postoperative pyrophosphate scans consistent with myocardial infarction. The three techniques were compared in these 41 patients utilizing 465 I.U./L.-hr as the upper limit of normal MB-CPK released after uncomplicated coronary bypass surgery (no ECG changes, negative scan). Five patients with ischemic ECG changes had a p...
Is it worth it?
Authors: Matthew Billingsley
Journal: BMJ (2014)

This month’s issue looks at the cost versus the benefit of various decisions. Our feature by Katy Bettany and Isabella Laws (doi:10.1136/sbmj.g4015) reviews the current policy on vaccinating against papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in the UK, which sees teenage girls vaccinated to protect them against cervical cancer, but not boys. Because vaccination rates and herd immunity is relatively high, this is assumed to be a cost effective decision. But, this policy was described as flawed and sexist at the BMA Annual Representative’s Meeting because it fails to take into account HPV’s role in the rise of anal and oral cancers, as well as the …
In vivo relation of intramyocardial blood volume to myocardial perfusion. Evidence supporting microvascular site for autoregulation.
Authors: X SWu, D LEwert, Y HLiu, E LRitman
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDThe goal of this study was to explore the role of several factors that affect intramyocardial blood volume by using minimally invasive computed tomography. Anesthetized dogs were scanned with the dynamic spatial reconstructor, a high-speed tomographic scanner, during injection of a bolus of iohexol into the aortic root.METHODS AND RESULTSIn control dogs, it is indicated that the fraction of myocardium that is blood (FMB, %) relates to myocardial perfusion (F, milliliters per gram per minute) in that region as FMB congruent to a.F1/2, where a = 9.5 +/- 1.2% (milliliters times minute per gram)1/2 (mean +/- SD) in the subendocardium and a = 9.6 +/- 1.1% in the subepicardium. In another group of dogs, for the myocardium perfused by a stenosed epicardial artery, a increased to approximately 10 for a 25-43% stenosis (or pressure gradient of 9 mm Hg across narrowing) and to greater than 11 for a 50-55% stenosis (or pressure gradient of 40 mm Hg across narrowing). In these dogs, flow was not impaired un...
Screening for Wilson's disease in acute liver failure: A comparison of currently available diagnostic tests
Authors: Damian Dowling
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The recently published article by Korman et al.1 suggests that the sequential use of two scores (alkaline phosphatase/total bilirubin ratio < 4 [94% sensitivity, 96% specificity] and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio > 2.2 [94% sensitivity, 86% specificity]) in a population with acute liver failure can identify those with Wilson's disease with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This is a statistical impossibility. Use of the first score will correctly identify 94% of patients with Wilson's disease and 96% of those without Wilson's disease. Applying the second score to the group with an alkaline phosphatase/total bilirubin ratio < 4 may improve the specificity, but the sensitivity (within the total population) cannot be greater than 94%. Applying the second score to that group with an alkaline phosphatase/total bilirubin ratio > 4 may improve the sensitivity, but the specificity (within the total population) cannot be greater than 86%. Applying the second score to both groups selected by the first score (i.e., the whole population) will result in 94% sensitivity and 86% specificity. Dr. Damian Dowling*, * Geelong Hospital, Geelong, Australia.
The omnicardiogram Study of a proposed method for detecting coronary heart disease in an asymptomatic population.
Authors: PNay, W BKannel, W PCastelli, P MMcNamara
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A proprietary, commercial technique has been proposed by its inventor as a noninvasive method of detecting subtle electrocardiogram abnormalities, not apparent by conventional means. To study the ability of the omnicardiogram to detect latent coronary heart disease in an asymptomatic population, 200 normal electrocardiograms from the Framingham Study cohort were analyzed by this technique. One-half of these consisted of the last normal electrocardiogram prior to development of clinical coronary heart disease. The omnicardiogram showed a higher degree of sensitivity than did the electrocardiogram to coronary heart disease, indicating an increased risk of myocardial infarction in this group. The low specificity of this technique as indicated by the large percentage of false positives shows that the omnicardiogram is not diagnostic of coronary heart disease in asymptomatic persons with normal electrocardiograms.
Association of Dietary Fiber and Yogurt Consumption With Lung Cancer Risk
Authors: Qibiao Wu, Elaine Lai-Han Leung
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Abstract 5465: SIRT1 Decreases Lox-1 Mediated Foam Cell Formation in Atherogenesis
Authors: M A Stein, Christine Lohmann, Nicola Schäfer, Janin Hofmann, Lucia Rohrer, Alexander Breitenstein, Christian Besler, Burkhard Becher, Michael O Hottiger, Michael W McBurney, Thomas F Luscher, Christian M Matter
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background - Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that results from interaction between oxLDL, activated endothelial cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, T cells, and the arterial wall. Infiltrating macrophages become foam cells upon uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) via scavenger receptors such as lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (Lox-1). SIRT1 is a class III deacetylase that senses caloric restriction, improves insulin secretion in islet cells, and reduces accumulation of fatty acids in white adipose. The relevance of endogenous SIRT1 on atherosclerosis remains unknown. Methods - To investigate the role of SIRT1 in these cellular and molecular processes, we compared hypercholesterolemic ApoE−/− SIRT1+/+ and ApoE−/− SIRT1+/− mice that were kept on a high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. Peritoneal-elicited macrophages, human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and RAW macrophages were used to verify our in vivo findings. Bone-marrow transplantations were performed to assess the relevance of macrophage-derived SIRT1 on atherogenesis. Results - Our plaque analyses reveal that SIRT1 prevents atherogenesis without affecting total plasma cholesterol or lipid subfractions. ApoE−/− SIRT1+/− mice show increased features of plaque vulnerability with thinner fibrous caps and enhanced plaque inflammation (increased number of macrophages and T cells as well as induced expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines). Furthermore, peritoneal-elicited macrophages from heterozygous mice accumulate increased levels of oxLDL. In vitro, we show that the atheroprotective effects of SIRT1 are mediated via NF- κ B inhibition: in HAEC SIRT1 inhibits NF- κ B signaling and diminishes expression of adhesion molecules; in macrophages the inhibitory effect reduces expression of Lox-1. Bone-marrow transplantations demonstrate that macrophage.-derived SIRT1 is crucial for preventing disease progression. Conclusions - Our data show that SIRT1 prevents atherosclerotic plaque formation. The availability of specific SIRT1-activating drugs suggests that pharmacological activation of SIRT1 may become an attractive anti-atherogenic strategy.
Coronary collateral development in swine after coronary artery occlusion.
Authors: F CWhite, S MCarroll, AMagnet, C MBloor
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

We have quantified the development of the coronary collateral circulation in the pig. The collateral circulation was induced to grow by placing an ameroid occluder on the left circumflex coronary artery. Two to 16 weeks after ameroid placement, the coronary collateral circulation was identified after the injection of several colors of a silicone polymer into the coronary arteries and the aorta. We identified intercoronary and extracardiac collaterals and quantified their number, location, size, and wall thickness. Intercoronary collaterals grew to a level that represents a 14-fold increase in normal collateral blood flow under resting conditions compared with the values in an animal not subjected to coronary artery occlusion. Extracardiac collaterals could potentially supply approximately 30% of resting flow. The sources of the extracardiac collaterals were the bronchial and internal mammary arteries. Coronary collateral morphometry and DNA synthesis in the pig heart also were examined. Coronary collatera...
Preexcited reciprocating tachycardia in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: incidence and mechanisms.
Authors: G HBardy, D LPacker, L DGerman, J JGallagher
Journal: Circulation (1984)

During the electrophysiologic study of 435 patients referred for evaluation of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 42 (10%) had preexcited reciprocating tachycardia (defined as a macro-reentrant tachycardia that used an accessory atrioventricular [AV] pathway for antegrade conduction). The ages of the patients ranged from 9 to 67 years (27 +/- 14). Thirty-three were male patients, nine female, and eight had Ebstein's anomaly. Preexcited reciprocating tachycardia cycle length was 220 to 430 msec (294 +/- 42). Significant hemodynamic compromise in the laboratory directly related to preexcitated reciprocating tachycardia occurred in only one patient. However, in 10 patients a transformation to atrial fibrillation was seen after a spontaneously occurring premature atrial contraction. Only 17 of the 42 patients with preexcited reciprocating tachycardia during electrophysiologic study had the same tachycardia documented clinically. These 17 patients were more often younger with multiple accessory pathways and with ...
Therapeutic Efficacy of Combined JAK1/2, Pan-PIM, and CDK4/6 Inhibition in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Raajit K. Rampal, Maria Pinzon-Ortiz, Amritha Varshini Hanasoge Somasundara, Benjamin Durham, Richard Koche, Barbara Spitzer, Shoron Mowla, Aishwarya Krishnan, Bing Li, Wenbin An, Andriy Derkach, Sean Devlin, Xianhui Rong, Tyler Longmire, Shira Esther Eisman, Keith Cordner, Justin T. Whitfield, Gary Vanasse, Zhu A. Cao, Ross L. Levine
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib has demonstrated significant benefits for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). However, patients often lose response to ruxolitinib or suffer disease progression despite therapy with ruxolitinib. These observations have prompted efforts to devise treatment strategies to improve therapeutic efficacy in combination with ruxolitinib therapy. Activation of JAK–STAT signaling results in dysregulation of key downstream pathways, notably increased expression of cell-cycle mediators including CDC25A and the PIM kinases. Experimental Design: Given the involvement of cell-cycle mediators in MPNs, we sought to examine the efficacy of therapy combining ruxolitinib with a CDK4/6 inhibitor (LEE011) and a PIM kinase inhibitor (PIM447). We utilized JAK2-mutant cell lines, murine models, and primary MPN patient samples for these studies. Results: Exposure of JAK2-mutant cell lines to the triple combination of ruxolitinib, LEE011, and PIM447 resulted in expected on-target pharmacodynamic effects, as well as increased apoptosis and a decrease in the proportion of cells in S-phase, compared with ruxolitinib. As compared with ruxolitinib monotherapy, combination therapy led to reductions in spleen and liver size, reduction of bone marrow reticulin fibrosis, improved overall survival, and elimination of disease-initiating capacity of treated bone marrow, in murine models of MPN. Finally, the triple combination reduced colony formation capacity of primary MPN patient samples to a greater extent than ruxolitinib. Conclusions: The triple combination of ruxolitinib, LEE011, and PIM447 represents a promising therapeutic strategy with the potential to increase therapeutic responses in patients with MPN.
The cardiac effects of d- and l-disopyramide in normal subjects: a noninvasive study.
Authors: CPollick, K MGiacomini, T FBlaschke, W LNelson, KTurner-Tamiyasu, VBriskin, R LPopp
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Commercially available disopyramide is a racemic mixture of equal parts of dextrorotatory (d-) and levorotatory (l-) optical isomers. We studied the cardiac effects of i.v. administration of each isomer and the racemic mixture (dl-) in six normal males by digitized echocardiography, systolic time intervals and ECG. Both isomers and the racemic mixture produced equally marked dose-dependent negative inotropic effects (28.1 +/- 11.8% mean maximal reduction in fractional shortening of left ventricular dimension) and diastolic effects (28.6 +/- 24.1% mean maximal reduction in peak left ventricular filling rate). However, only the d-isomer prolonged QTc duration (by 13.6 +/- 5.2% at maximum, p less than 0.001 vs l-isomer). We conclude that disopyramide, in the doses used, produces marked adverse effects on left ventricle systolic and diastolic function in normal subjects independent of optical rotation. The production of these effects by the l-isomer without affecting QTc duration suggests different subcellula...
Regarding “liver stiffness is influenced by a standardized meal in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus at different stages of fibrotic evolution”
Authors: Annalisa Berzigotti, Juan G. Abraldes, Jaume Bosch
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

We congratulate Arena et al.1 for their interesting article regarding the confounding effect of a meal on the accuracy of liver stiffness (LS) measurements for the prediction of fibrosis stage in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) hepatitis. In that study the most prominent postprandial increase in LS was observed in patients with cirrhosis. Hemodynamic parameters were not measured, but it is suggested that the postprandial changes in LS are likely consequent to the adaptation of the hepatic microcirculation to increased portal blood flow (PBF) and to the postprandial increase in portal pressure. We recently published a study2 involving 19 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension in whom LS and hepatic hemodynamics were measured by Doppler-ultrasonography at baseline and 30 minutes after the ingestion of a standardized meal similar to that used by Arena et al. In a subgroup of 10 patients, the baseline and postprandial hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) were also measured. In agreement to what was described by Arena et al.,1 showing that most patients irrespective of the stage of fibrosis had a peak increase of LS 30 minutes after the meal, in our series postprandial hyperemia (confirmed by a marked increase in PBF, +33 ± 31%, P < 0.0001 versus baseline) was accompanied by a marked increase in LS (+27 ± 33%; P < 0.0001). However, we observed that postprandial changes in LS did not correlate with the changes in PBF. Similarly, in patients in whom HVPG was measured, LS changes did not mirror the HVPG increase after the standardized meal. In contrast, postprandial changes in LS were directly correlated with changes in hepatic artery blood flow (r = 0.658; P = 0.002), so that in patients showing the expected postprandial decrease in hepatic artery blood flow (reflecting the “buffer response” to increased PBF after a meal) the LS increase was significantly attenuated as compared with patients lacking this adaptive mechanism (+12 ± 21% versus +62 ± 29%, P < 0.0001). Altogether, our results suggest that the postprandial increase in LS in cirrhosis cannot be explained by the increase in PBF and portal pressure, while it seems at least in part dependent on changes in the arterial component of hepatic blood flow. Since extensive formation of collaterals in advanced portal hypertension leads to increased dependence of the hepatic blood flow on its arterial component, and since hepatic artery buffer response is reduced in cirrhosis,3 a greater postprandial increase in LS should be anticipated in overt cirrhosis. Annalisa Berzigotti, M.D. Juan G. Abraldes, M.D. Jaume Bosch, M.D. Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS and CIBERehd, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
Prediction of the severity of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic Doppler studies.
Authors: C OLima, D JSahn, L MValdes-Cruz, H DAllen, S JGoldberg, EGrenadier, J VBarron
Journal: Circulation (1983)

In this study we explored the use of continuous wave Doppler echocardiography guided by simultaneous two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging as a method for noninvasively estimating pressure gradients in patients with discrete forms of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. We studied 16 children, ages 6 months to 17 years, with valvular aortic stenosis (n = 12) or with discrete subaortic stenosis (n = 4) and compared maximal Doppler velocities in the aorta with pressure gradients obtained at cardiac catheterization. Examinations could be performed from the suprasternal notch view or from the apical left ventricular outflow tract view with equal accuracy for the study of flow in the left ventricular outflow tract, and results were comparable in both views. With a simplified Bernoulli relationship (gradient = 4 X [maximal velocity]2), results suggested that Doppler echocardiography could be used to predict the severity of obstruction in our patients with a correlation coefficient of r = .94 (SEE +/-...
Right ventricular function in children with tetralogy of Fallot before and after aortic-to-pulmonary shunt.
Authors: J MJarmakani, MNakazawa, JIsabel-Jones, R AMarks
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Right and left ventricular volume variables were obtained in 43 tetralogy patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The patient population consisted of 25 preoperative patients (group 1) and 18 patients who had undergone aortic-to-pulmonary shunt procedure (group 2). Volumes were calculated from biplane cineangiocardiograms using Simpson's rule method for the right ventricle (RV) and the area-length methods for the left ventricle (LV). In group 1, RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) was not different from normal in the total group and averaged 93 +/- 4% (SEM) of normal. In patients with hemoglobin (Hgb) greater than or equal to 16 g%, however, this variable was significantly (P = 0.044) less than normal. Right ventricular ejection fraction was normal and RV systolic index was significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced, averaging 3.35 +/- 0.18 (SEM) L/min/m2. Left ventricular volume variables in this group were not significantly different from RV volume variables. In group 2, RVEDV in patients wit...
Contractile proteins in myocardial cells are regulated by factor(s) released by blood vessels.
Authors: GMcClellan, AWeisberg, N SKato, CRamaciotti, ASharkey, SWinegrad
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The importance of perfusion of the coronary vasculature in the regulation of ATPase activity of myosin in rat myocardial cells has been studied. Quantitative histochemistry was used to determine the activity of the enzyme among cells in tissues that had been either perfused through the coronary system or superfused over the surface of the tissue. Enzymatic activity was measured in cryostatic sections from three different preparations: 1) hearts frozen immediately after removal from the animal; 2) isolated hearts frozen after they had been perfused through the coronary circulation; and 3) isolated papillary muscles or trabeculae that had been superfused after dissection and then frozen. ATPase activity was measured in the isolated tissues at different times after dissection. Both calcium- and actin-activated myosin ATPase activities were uniform among cells in both the ventricles of the hearts frozen immediately after dissection and those that had been perfused through the coronary system. In the superfuse...
Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of sarcolemma and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum in rabbit papillary muscles: low sodium-induced calcium alterations.
Authors: E SWheeler-Clark, J MTormey
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

This project was undertaken to determine whether electron probe x-ray microanalysis (microprobe analysis) could be utilized to determine the subcellular sites responsible for low sodium-induced calcium accumulation in myocardium. Ultrathin cryosections of rabbit papillary muscles were analyzed using microprobe analysis, and the concentrations (mmol/kg dry wt) of Na, Mg, I, S, Cl, K, and Ca were compared against low sodium (36 mM) and control (139 mM NaCl) muscle groups. Visual resolution of junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum in freeze-dried myocardial sections was achieved, and systematic analysis of junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma was performed. Myofibrils and mitochondria were also analyzed. Reductions in Na and Cl concentration were measured in virtually all compartments of muscles bathed in low sodium. In addition, low sodium produced a doubling of junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemmal calcium concentrations (p less than 0.01). No significant changes in calcium were observe...
Underwater Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and Hybrid Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection as Rescue Technique in Difficult Naive Colorectal Cases
Authors: P Cecinato, M Campanale, M Lucarini, F Azzolini, F Bassi, R Sassatelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) provides a high en bloc resection rate, accurate histological evaluation, and a low rate of local recurrence as compared with EMR in colorectal lesions resection. However, colorectal ESD is still not widely used because of technical difficulty, risk of complications, time required to carry out the procedure. The favourable position in the approach to neoplasia and a clear distinction of submucosal and muscular layer are crucial points of technical difficulty. ESD with snaring, hybrid ESD (HESD), and underwater ESD (UESD) are two alternative techniques to overcome these problems. Immersion can provides good traction during dissection and magnification by the refractive index of water. We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of these techniques as alternative to standard ESD in difficult situations.