tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cashew oral immunotherapy for desensitizing cashew‐pistachio allergy (NUT CRACKER study)
Authors: Arnon Elizur, Michael Y. Appel, Liat Nachshon, Michael B. Levy, Naama Epstein‐Rigbi, Yael Koren, Marie Holmqvist, Helena Porsch, Jonas Lidholm, Michael R. Goldberg
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a treatment option for patients with milk, egg, and peanut allergy, but data on the efficacy and safety of cashew OIT are limited.A cohort of 50 cashew-allergic patients aged ≥4 years, who were consecutively enrolled into cashew OIT (target dose 4000 mg protein) between 4/2016 and 12/2019. Fifteen cashew-allergic patients who continued cashew elimination served as observational controls. Co-allergy to pistachio and walnut was determined. Full desensitization rate and associated immunological changes in both groups were compared. Patients fully desensitized to cashew were instructed to consume a dose of 1200 mg cashew protein for 6 months and were then challenged to a full dose. Patients with co-allergy to pistachio or walnut were challenged to the respective nut.Forty-four of 50 OIT-treated patients (88%) compared to 0% in controls tolerated a dose of 4000 mg cashew protein at the end of the study (odds ratio 8.3, 95% CI 3.9-17.7, p < 0.001). An additional three patients were desensitized to 1200 mg cashew protein, and three patients stopped treatment. Three patients (6%) were treated with injectable epinephrine for home reactions. Desensitized patients had decreased SPT, sIgE, basophil reactivity, and increased sIgG4, following treatment. Following cashew desensitization, all pistachio (n = 35) and four of eight walnut co-allergic patients were cross-desensitized to the respective nut. All (n = 44) patients consuming a low cashew dose for ≥6 months following desensitization passed a full-dose cashew OFC.Cashew OIT desensitizes most cashew-allergic patients and cross-desensitizes to pistachio. Safety is similar to OIT for other foods.
Will dementia hamper healthy ageing?
Authors: None The Lancet Public Health
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

During Jan 24–29, 2022, the 150th session of the WHO Executive Board will be held, and members will agree upon the agenda and resolutions to be considered by the World Health Assembly. An important initiative will be presented as part of so-called Pillar 3 (1 billion more people enjoying better health and wellbeing): healthy ageing. In December, 2020, the UN General Assembly declared 2021–30 the Decade of Healthy Ageing, and WHO is tasked to coordinate this initiative and provide strategic leadership on demographic change and healthy ageing.
Risk factors for treatment-refractory and relapsed optic pathway glioma in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Chelsea Kotch, Robert Avery, Kelly D Getz, Eric Bouffet, Peter de Blank, Robert Listernick, David H Gutmann, Miriam Bornhorst, Cynthia Campen, Grant T Liu, Richard Aplenc, Yimei Li, Michael J Fisher
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract Background Nearly one-third of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1-associated optic pathway glioma (NF1-OPG) fail frontline chemotherapy; however, little is known about risk factors for treatment failure. Methods We performed a retrospective multi-institutional cohort study to identify baseline risk factors for treatment-refractory/relapsed disease and poor visual outcome in children with NF1-OPG. Refractory/relapsed NF1-OPG was defined as a requirement of two or more treatment regimens due to progression or relapse. Results Of 111 subjects eligible for inclusion, adequate clinical and visual data were available for 103 subjects from 7 institutions. Median follow-up from the initiation of first chemotherapy regimen was 95 months (range 13-185). Eighty-four (82%) subjects received carboplatin-based frontline chemotherapy. Forty-five subjects (44%) experienced refractory/relapsed disease, with a median time of 21.5 months (range 2-149) from the initiation of first treatment to the start of second treatment. The proportion of patients without refractory/relapsed disease at 2 and 5 years was 78% and 60%. In multivariable analyses, age less than 24 months at initial treatment, posterior tumor location, and familial inheritance were associated with refractory/relapsed NF1-OPG by 2 years. Both age less than 24 months and posterior tumor location were associated with refractory/relapsed NF1-OPG by 5 years. Subjects with moderate to severe vision loss at last follow-up were more likely to have posterior tumor location, optic disc abnormalities, or abnormal visual acuity at initial treatment. Conclusion Young age, posterior tumor location, and optic disc abnormalities may identify patients with the greatest likelihood of refractory/relapsed NF1-OPG and poor visual outcomes, and who may benefit from newer treatment strategies.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response to 2 or 3 Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Patients Treated With Anticancer Agents
Authors: Charlotte Fenioux, Luis Teixeira, Slim Fourati, Giovanna Melica, Jean Daniel Lelievre, Sebastien Gallien, Gérard Zalcman, Jean Michel Pawlotsky, Christophe Tournigand
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Patients with solid cancer are more susceptible to develop SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe complications; the immunogenicity in patients treated with anticancer agents remains unknown.To assess the immune humoral response to 2 or 3 doses of the BNT162b2 (BioNTech; Pfizer) vaccine in patients treated with anticancer agents.A prospective observational cohort study was conducted between February 1 and May 31, 2021. Adults treated with anticancer agents who received 2 or 3 doses of vaccine were included; of these, individuals with a weak humoral response 1 month after the second dose received a third injection.Quantitative serologic testing of antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 was conducted before vaccination and during follow-up.Humoral response was evaluated with a threshold of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels at 1000 arbitrary units (AU)/mL to neutralize less-sensitive COVID-19 variants.Among 163 patients (median [range] age, 66 [27-89] years, 86 men [53%]) with solid tumors who received 2 or 3 doses of vaccine, 122 individuals (75%) were treated with chemotherapy, 15 with immunotherapy (9%), and 26 with targeted therapies (16%). The proportions of patients with an anti-S immunoglobulin G titer greater than 1000 AU/mL were 15% (22 of 145) at the time of the second vaccination and 65% (92 of 142) 28 days after the second vaccination. Humoral response decreased 3 months after the second dose. Treatment type was associated with humoral response; in particular, time between vaccine and chemotherapy did not interfere with the humoral response. Among 36 patients receiving a third dose of vaccine, a serologic response greater than 1000 AU/mL occurred in 27 individuals (75%).The results of this cohort study appear to support the use of a third vaccine dose among patients with active cancer treatment for solid tumors.
Suprasellar Mass
Authors: Stanley P. Bohrer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. Ronald A. Seltzer: A 10-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of slowness of movements and poor growth. She was well until the age of 6 when she became slow and lazy. When first seen by a physician in 1960 at the age of 9, roentgenograms showed a bone age of 3 1/2 years, and her height and weight were well below normal. Her protein-bound iodine (PBI) value at that time was 2.8μg/100 ml. She was given thyroid medication, began to grow, and became brighter. She is now, at the age of 10, in the third grade, doing first-grade work. She had been blind in her left eye "for a long time." Physical examination showed no vision in her left eye and a temporal field defect in her right eye. She was short and obese for her stated age. There was optic atrophy bilaterally. Roentgenograms of the skull
Long-term outcomes of lentiviral gene therapy for the β-hemoglobinopathies: the HGB-205 trial
Authors: Elisa Magrin, Michaela Semeraro, Nicolas Hebert, Laure Joseph, Alessandra Magnani, Anne Chalumeau, Aurélie Gabrion, Cécile Roudaut, Jouda Marouene, Francois Lefrere, Jean-Sebastien Diana, Adeline Denis, Bénédicte Neven, Isabelle Funck-Brentano, Olivier Negre, Sylvain Renolleau, Valentine Brousse, Laurent Kiger, Fabien Touzot, Catherine Poirot, Philippe Bourget, Wassim El Nemer, Stéphane Blanche, Jean-Marc Tréluyer, Mohammed Asmal, Courtney Walls, Yves Beuzard, Manfred Schmidt, Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina, Vahid Asnafi, Isabelle Guichard, Maryline Poirée, Fabrice Monpoux, Philippe Touraine, Chantal Brouzes, Mariane de Montalembert, Emmanuel Payen, Emmanuelle Six, Jean-Antoine Ribeil, Annarita Miccio, Pablo Bartolucci, Philippe Leboulch, Marina Cavazzana
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
The impact of previous prostate surgery on surgical outcomes in patients treated with robot-assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: G. Rosiello, P. Piazza, V. Tames, R. Farinha, A.D.O. Paludo, S. Puliatti, M. Amato, E. Mazzone, C. Bravi, R. De Groote, C. Berquin, D. Develtere, R. Veys, C. Sinatti, G. De Naeyer, P. Schatteman, F. Montorsi, F. D’hondt, A. Mottrie
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Error in Author’s Name
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Judith Green-McKenzie, MD, MPH; Frances S. Shofer, PhD; Florence Momplaisir, MD, MSPH; Barbara J. Kuter, PhD, MPH; Gregory Kruse, MBA, PhD; Usama Bilal, MD, PhD; Maryam Behta, PhD; Judith O’Donnell, MD; Nida Al-Ramahi, MHA; Nishaminy Kasbekar, PharmD; Patricia Sullivan, PhD; Philip Okala, MHA; Patrick J. Brennan, MD
A guide to immunotherapy for COVID-19
Authors: Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Evangelos Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Peter Pickkers, Lennie Derde, Helen Leavis, Reinout van Crevel, Job J. Engel, W. Joost Wiersinga, Alexander P. J. Vlaar, Manu Shankar-Hari, Tom van der Poll, Marc Bonten, Derek C. Angus, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Mihai G. Netea
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Endoscopy International Open – recently published
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Comment on: Feasibility study of endoscopic biliary drainage under direct peroral cholangioscopy by using an ultra-slim upper endoscope (with videos)Endosc Int Open 2021; 09(10): E1447-E1452DOI: 10.1055/a-1522-5615 Comment on: Feasibility of resection and plication “RAP” technique for management of medically refractory GERD in patients with altered gastric anatomyEndosc Int Open 2021; 09(10): E1549-E1555DOI: 10.1055/a-1535-1279 Comment on: Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers detected within 10 years after a previous negative examinationEndosc Int Open 2021; 09(10): E1472-E1479DOI: 10.1055/a-1518-6754
Low-dose aspirin and incidence of lung carcinoma in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hong Kong: A cohort study
Authors: Si-Yeung Yu, Mary Sau-Man Ip, Xue Li, Ka-Shing Cheung, Qing-Wen Ren, Mei-Zhen Wu, Hang-Long Li, Pui-Fai Wong, Hung-Fat Tse, Kai-Hang Yiu
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

Background Evidence suggests that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a higher risk of lung carcinoma. Using a territory-wide clinical electronic medical records system, we investigated the association between low-dose aspirin use (≤160 mg) among patients with COPD and incidence of lung carcinoma and the corresponding risk of bleeding. Methods and findings This is a retrospective cohort study conducted utilizing Clinical Data Analysis Reporting System (CDARS), a territory-wide database developed by the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance baseline covariates between aspirin nonusers (35,049 patients) with new aspirin users (7,679 patients) among all eligible COPD patients from 2005 to 2018 attending any public hospitals. The median age of the cohort was 75.7 years (SD = 11.5), and 80.3% were male. Competing risk regression with Cox proportional hazards model were performed to estimate the subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of lung carcinoma with low-dose aspirin and the associated bleeding events. Of all eligible patients, 1,779 (4.2%, 1,526 and 253 among nonusers and users) were diagnosed with lung carcinoma over a median follow-up period of 2.6 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.4 to 4.8). Aspirin use was associated with a 25% lower risk of lung carcinoma (SHR = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65 to 0.87, p = &lt;0.001) and 26% decrease in lung carcinoma–related mortality (SHR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.86, p = &lt;0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that aspirin was beneficial for patients aged above or below 75 years, but was also beneficial among populations who were male, nondiabetic, and nonhypertensive. Aspirin use was not associated with an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) (SHR = 1.19, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.53, p = 0.16), but was associated with an increased risk of hemoptysis (SHR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.73 to 2.23, p &lt; 0.001). The main limitations of the study were (i) that one group of patients may be more likely to seek additional medical attention, although this was partially mitigated by the use of propensity score analysis; and (ii) the observational nature of the study renders it unable to establish causality between aspirin use and lung carcinoma incidence. Conclusions In this study, we observed that low-dose aspirin use was associated with a lower risk of lung carcinoma and lung carcinoma–related mortality among COPD patients. While aspirin was not associated with an increased risk of UGIB, the risk of hemoptysis was elevated.
Intratumoral delivery of brachytherapy and immunotherapy by a thermally triggered polypeptide depot
Authors: Garrett Kelly, Joshua J. Milligan, Eric M. Mastria, Sarah Kim, Stephanie R. Zelenetz, Jarrett Dobbins, Leon Y. Cai, Xinghai Li, Smita K. Nair, Ashutosh Chilkoti
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)
Switching from sedation to local anaesthetic transperineal prostate biopsies: A cost-benefit analysis
Authors: U. Walters, M.J. Connor, E.J. Bass, D. Eldred-Evans, W. Maynard, P. Sarkar, M. Bertoncelli Tanaka, F. Hosking-Jervis, H. Bhola-Stewart, E. Pegers, L. Powell, D. Leelamany, K. Wong, S. Ahmad, H. Tam, S. Mccracken, S. Gordon, D. Hrouda, H. Qazi, M. Winkler, H.U. Ahmed
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Oncological long-term benefit of re--resection in T1 bladder cancer: A population-based cohort study from Ontario
Authors: M.S. Wettstein, N.N. Baxter, R. Sutradhar, M. Mamdani, S. Pham, S.R. Qadri, K. Li, N. Liu, T. Van Der Kwast, T. Hermanns, G.S. Kulkarni
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Marked clinical improvement of lower urinary tract symptom burden due to robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Results of a large high-volume center cohort
Authors: S-R. Leyh-Bannurah, M.A. Mendrek, T. Karagiotis, N. Liakos, C. Wagner, A. Schuette, K. Urbanova, M. Oelke, J.H. Witt
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Assessing online crowdfunding for urologic cancer care using automated data extraction
Authors: P. Rajwa, P. Hopen, J. Wojnarowicz, J. Kaletka, I. Paszkiewicz, O. Lach-Wojnarowicz, A. Paradysz, B. Pradere, S.F. Shariat, M.S. Leapman
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy enables noninvasive metabolic imaging of tumor burden and response to therapy in low-grade gliomas
Authors: Céline Taglang, Georgios Batsios, Joydeep Mukherjee, Meryssa Tran, Anne Marie Gillespie, Donghyun Hong, Sabrina M Ronen, Hema Artee Luchman, Russell O Pieper, Pavithra Viswanath
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

The alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway is essential for tumor proliferation in astrocytomas. The goal of this study was to identify metabolic alterations linked to the ALT pathway that can be exploited for noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-based imaging of astrocytomas in vivo.Genetic and pharmacological methods were used to dissect the association between the ALT pathway and glucose metabolism in genetically engineered and patient-derived astrocytoma models. 2H-MRS was used for noninvasive imaging of ALT-linked modulation of glycolytic flux in mice bearing orthotopic astrocytomas in vivo.The ALT pathway was associated with higher activity of the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 and concomitantly elevated flux of glucose to lactate in astrocytoma cells. Silencing the ALT pathway or treating with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor niraparib that induces telomeric fusion in ALT-dependent astrocytoma cells abrogated glycolytic flux. Importantly, this metabolic reprogramming could be non-invasively visualized by 2H-MRS. Lactate production from [6,6'-2H]-glucose was higher in ALT-dependent astrocytoma tumors relative to the normal brain in vivo. Furthermore, treatment of orthotopic astrocytoma-bearing mice with niraparib reduced lactate production from [6,6'-2H]-glucose at early timepoints when alterations in tumor volume could not be detected by anatomical imaging, pointing to the ability of [6,6'-2H]-glucose to report on pseudoprogression in vivo.We have mechanistically linked the ALT pathway to elevated glycolytic flux and demonstrated the ability of [6,6'-2H]-glucose to non-invasively assess tumor burden and response to therapy in astrocytomas. Our findings point to a novel, clinically translatable method for metabolic imaging of astrocytoma patients.
Change in perception of the quality of death in the intensive care unit by healthcare workers associated with the implementation of the “well-dying law”
Authors: Ye Jin Lee, Soyeon Ahn, Jun Yeun Cho, Tae Yun Park, Seo Young Yun, Junghyun Kim, Jee-Min Kim, Jinwoo Lee, Sang-Min Lee, Jong Sun Park, Young-Jae Cho, Ho Il Yoon, Jae Ho Lee, Choon-Taek Lee, Yeon Joo Lee
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2022)

The importance of dying with dignity in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been emphasized. The South Korean government implemented the "well-dying law" in 2018, which enables patients to refuse futile life-sustaining treatment (LST) after being determined as terminally ill. We aimed to study whether the well-dying law is associated with a significant change in the quality of death in the ICU. The Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) questionnaires were prospectively collected from the doctors and nurses of deceased patients of four South Korean medical ICUs after the law was passed (January 2019 to May 2020). Results were compared with those of our previous study, which used the same metric before the law was passed (June 2016 to May 2017). We compared baseline characteristics of the deceased patients, enrolled staff, QODD scores, and staff opinions about withdrawing LST from before to after the law was passed. After the well-dying law was passed, deceased patients (N = 252) were slightly older (68.6 vs. 66.6, p = 0.03) and fewer patients were admitted to the ICU for post-resuscitation care (10.3% vs. 20%, p = 0.003). The mean total QODD score significantly increased after the law was passed (36.9 vs. 31.3, p = 0.001). The law had a positive independent association with the increased QODD score in a multiple regression analysis. Our study is the first to show that implementing the well-dying law is associated with quality of death in the ICU, although the quality of death in South Korea remains relatively low and should be further improved.
BCAA–BCKA axis regulates WAT browning through acetylation of PRDM16
Authors: Qi-Xiang Ma, Wen-Ying Zhu, Xiao-Chen Lu, Duo Jiang, Feng Xu, Jin-Tao Li, Lei Zhang, Ying-Li Wu, Zheng-Jun Chen, Miao Yin, Hai-Yan Huang, Qun-Ying Lei
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2022)
P06.01 Pediatric non-pontine diffuse midline glioma H3K27M mutant: a monoinstitutional experience
Authors: E Schiavello, V Biassoni, L De Cecco, E Pecori, S Filippo, L Gandola, M Massimino
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND The new entity “diffuse-midline-glioma H3K27M-mutant”(DMG) was defined in the 2016 WHO classification. This tumor subtype, regardless of histological features, is associated with an aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis, sharing the same outcome as DIPG. MATERIAL AND METHODS We report our experience from 2016 to 2018 in treating patients with radiotherapy and concomitant Nimotuzumab/Vinorelbine, as already published for DIPG’s patients (DOI10.1007/s11060-014-1428-z). All patients’ parents provided written informed consent for treatment. RESULTS Patients were 9: 7/9 females, median age at diagnosis 13 years (range 1–26); 8 with localized disease, 1 with spinal fluid (CSF) dissemination. Five patients had thalamic disease (1 bithalamic), 2 ponto-cerebellar (one with 2 lesions), 1 pineal gland and one with disseminated CSF disease at diagnosis. 3/9 were biopsed in thalamus, the others had partial resection. Central neuropathological review with confirmed histopathological diagnosis of DMG mutated was necessary for inclusion. At the first pathological evaluation tumors had been classified according to the fourth edition of the WHO 2007 as glioblastoma (n=4), anaplastic astrocytoma grade III (n=1), diffuse astrocytoma grade II (n=1), and 1 glial tumor with oligodendroglial features; 2 patients already had DMG at the first pathological evaluation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed p53 mutation in 3 patients. All 9 patients were evaluated on serial plasma samples with NGS targeted panel (Pan-Cancer) and 6/9 presented p53 mutation in at least one of the samples. 8/9 expressed MAP2K1 gain of function at liquid biopsy. The small number of patients did not allow correlations with the prognosis. Two patients completed the scheduled 2 years of treatment: one had a local relapse at 37 months after diagnosis, the other is alive without evidence of progression at 30 months. With a median follow up of 14.4 months, PFS and OS were 33% and 77% at 1 year; OS was 22% at 2 years, with 2 patients long survivors at 36 and 40 months after diagnosis. CONCLUSION The molecular and phenotypic pattern of DMG allows to include patients in clinical trials/registry shared with patients suffering from DIPG. Our knowledge is still limited about this entity; new insights into molecular profile should help us to study new drugs directed against the effects of the H3K27M mutations and to define new diagnostic/prognostic approach as liquid biopsy able to correlate treatments and prognosis
Ce doped polyaniline nanoparticles for absorption and photoacoustic imaging response to GSH in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yulin Kuang, Nanbo Liu, Sheng Ye, Xiang Li, Xuyuan Chen, Li Qi, Ping Zhu, Ruiyuan Liu, Xu Wu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Glutathione (GSH) is an important biological thiol in cells, which is involved in many physiological processes in the organism and regulates pathological processes of cells. Rapid and accurate monitoring of GSH in vitro and in vivo is quite needed in investigating important biochemical events. In this contribution, innovative cerium (Ce) doped polyaniline (Ce-Fe@PANI NPs) were prepared via Fe(III) induced oxidization polymerization method. Upon addition of GSH, the absorption of Ce-Fe@PANI NPs red shifted from the visible to the NIR region, confirming the excellent absorption response to GSH. Moreover, Ce-Fe@PANI NPs exhibited excellent photoacoustic (PA) imaging enhancement in tube and shifted the PA intensity peak from 680 nm to 820 nm upon addition of GSH. In vitro and in vivo experiment verified that Ce-Fe@PANI NPs can monitor GSH in deep tissues via PA imaging technology. Collectively, this research provides Ce-Fe@PANI NPs would serve as a powerful nanoplatform to realize PA imaging detection of GSH in vitro and in vivo.