tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nutrition, small bowel, pancreatico-biliary
Authors: J Govesl, J Oldring, D Kerr, E Carr2, M Turbitt2, P Richardson, Rlj Robinson, - S Iqbal, F Al-Azzawi, K Abrams, J Mayberry
Journal: Gut (1996)

Six hundred and seventy four dyspeptic patients with heartburn and/or epigastric pain as their predominant symptom and who had no proven abnormality (e.g.proven peptic ulcer) to explain their symptoms were blindly randomised to either omeprazole 10mg om or Gaviscon' liquid 1 Oml qid for 4 weeks in an open label parallel group study with assessments after 2 and 4 weeks.The primary efficacy variable, percentage of patients with complete symptom relief, was compared between the two groups.Other efficacy variables included the percentage of patients with sufficient symptom control (maximum of 1 day of mild symptoms per week), patients' quality of life (psychological general well -being (PGWB) index and the gastrointestinal subjective rating scale (GSRS)) and patients' subjective assessment of their treatment.complete symptom relief sufficient symptom control % at 2 wks % at 4 wks %at2wks %at4wks Omeprazole 27 41 39 50 Gaviscon 8 16 17 23 p-Values < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.0001Comparisons of quality of life scores between treatments significantly favoured the omeprazole group at 2 and 4 weeks for the PGWB (p = 0.0002; p = 0.0009 respectively) and the GSRS (both p < 0.0001).For subjective assessments of treatments, at 2 and 4 weeks, a significantly greater proportion of patients rated omeprazole to be more effective in symptom relief (both p = 0.0001) and more convenient to use (both p = 0.0001) compared to Gaviscon.This study demonstrates that, compared to Gaviscon 1 Oml qid, omeprazole 1 Omg om is significantly more effective in the management of dyspepsia symptoms and is the patients' preferred treatment.
A macrophage-hepatocyte glucocorticoid receptor axis coordinates fasting ketogenesis
Authors: Anne Loft, Søren Fisker Schmidt, Giorgio Caratti, Ulrich Stifel, Jesper Havelund, Revathi Sekar, Yun Kwon, Alba Sulaj, Kan Kau Chow, Ana Jimena Alfaro, Thomas Schwarzmayr, Nikolaj Rittig, Mads Svart, Foivos-Filippos Tsokanos, Adriano Maida, Andreas Blutke, Annette Feuchtinger, Niels Møller, Matthias Blüher, Peter Nawroth, Julia Szendrödi, Nils J Færgeman, Anja Zeigerer, Jan Tuckermann, Stephan Herzig
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)
Aspirin use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B with or without cirrhosis
Authors: Heejoon Jang, Yun Bin Lee, Hyemi Moon, Jong‐Won Chung, Joon Yeul Nam, Eun Ju Cho, Jeong‐Hoon Lee, Su Jong Yu, Yoon Jun Kim, Juneyoung Lee, Jung‐Hwan Yoon
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract Background and Aims Studies on differential effect of aspirin therapy on HCC risk across the spectrum of liver diseases are lacking. We investigated the association between aspirin use and risks of HCC, liver‐associated death, and major bleeding in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with or without cirrhosis. Approach and Results We identified 329,635 eligible adults with CHB from 2007 through 2017, using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, including patients who received aspirin for ≥90 consecutive days ( n = 20,200) and patients who never received antiplatelet therapy ( n = 309,435). Risks of HCC, liver‐associated mortality, and major bleeding were estimated in a propensity‐score–matched cohort (19,003 pairs), accounting for competing risks. With a median follow‐up of 6.7 years, 10‐year cumulative incidence of HCC was 9.5% in the aspirin‐treated group and 11.3% in the untreated group (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [aSHR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78–0.92). However, among patients with cirrhosis (2479 pairs), an association of aspirin use with HCC risk was not evident (aSHR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85–1.18). Cirrhosis status had a significant effect on the association between aspirin use and HCC risk ( pinteraction , n = 0.04). Aspirin use was also associated with lower liver‐associated mortality (aSHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71–0.90). Moreover, aspirin use was not associated with major bleeding risk (aSHR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.99–1.21). Conclusions Aspirin use was associated with reduced risks of HCC and liver‐associated mortality in adults with CHB. Cirrhosis status had a substantial effect on the association between aspirin use and HCC risk.
CME Forum
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allopurinol Initiation and All-Cause Mortality Among Patients With Gout and Concurrent Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Jie Wei, Hyon K. Choi, Tuhina Neogi, Nicola Dalbeth, Robert Terkeltaub, Lisa K. Stamp, Houchen Lyu, Natalie McCormick, Jingbo Niu, Chao Zeng, Guanghua Lei, Yuqing Zhang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Two recent randomized clinical trials of escalating doses of allopurinol for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) reported no benefits but potentially increased risk for death. Whether the risk could occur in patients with gout and concurrent CKD remains unknown.To examine the relation of allopurinol initiation, allopurinol dose escalation, and achieving target serum urate (SU) level after allopurinol initiation to all-cause mortality in patients with both gout and CKD.Cohort study.The Health Improvement Network U.K. primary care database (2000 to 2019).Patients aged 40 years or older who had gout and concurrent moderate-to-severe CKD.The association between allopurinol initiation and all-cause mortality over 5-year follow-up in propensity score (PS)-matched cohorts was examined. Analysis of hypothetical trials were emulated: achieving target SU level (<0.36 mmol/L) versus not achieving target SU level and dose escalation versus no dose escalation for mortality over 5-year follow-up in allopurinol initiators.Mortality was 4.9 and 5.8 per 100 person-years in 5277 allopurinol initiators and 5277 PS-matched noninitiators, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85 [95% CI, 0.77 to 0.93]). In the target trial emulation analysis, the HR of mortality for the achieving target SU level group compared with the not achieving target SU level group was 0.87 (CI, 0.75 to 1.01); the HR of mortality for allopurinol in the dose escalation group versus the no dose escalation group was 0.88 (CI, 0.73 to 1.07).Residual confounding cannot be ruled out.In this population-based data, neither allopurinol initiation, nor achieving target SU level with allopurinol, nor allopurinol dose escalation was associated with increased mortality in patients with gout and concurrent CKD.Project Program of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders.
Evolution of Gene Expression across Species and Specialized Zooids in Siphonophora
Authors: Catriona Munro, Felipe Zapata, Mark Howison, Stefan Siebert, Casey W Dunn
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

Siphonophores are complex colonial animals, consisting of asexually produced bodies (zooids) that are functionally specialized for specific tasks, including feeding, swimming, and sexual reproduction. Though this extreme functional specialization has captivated biologists for generations, its genomic underpinnings remain unknown. We use RNA-seq to investigate gene expression patterns in five zooids and one specialized tissue across seven siphonophore species. Analyses of gene expression across species present several challenges, including identification of comparable expression changes on gene trees with complex histories of speciation, duplication, and loss. We examine gene expression within species, conduct classical analyses examining expression patterns between species, and introduce species branch filtering, which allows us to examine the evolution of expression across species in a phylogenetic framework. Within and across species, we identified hundreds of zooid-specific and species-specific genes, as well as a number of putative transcription factors showing differential expression in particular zooids and developmental stages. We found that gene expression patterns tended to be largely consistent in zooids with the same function across species, but also some large lineage-specific shifts in gene expression. Our findings show that patterns of gene expression have the potential to define zooids in colonial organisms. Traditional analyses of the evolution of gene expression focus on the tips of gene phylogenies, identifying large-scale expression patterns that are zooid or species variable. The new explicit phylogenetic approach we propose here focuses on branches (not tips) offering a deeper evolutionary perspective into specific changes in gene expression within zooids along all branches of the gene (and species) trees.
Erratum
Authors: M.G. Carta, F. Sancassiani, V. Pippia, Krishna M. Bhat, C. Sardu, Angelo Compare, Simona Calugi, Giulio Marchesini, Christopher Baethge, Oliver P. Assall, Ross J. Baldessarini, Jasper B. Zantvoord, Julia Diehle, Ramón J.L. Lindauer, P.M.G. Emmelkamp, Mark Zimmerman, L. Meloni, Fiammetta Cosci, Andrea Spoto, Gioia Bottesi, Ezio Sanavio, Giulio Vidotto, Emanuela Offidani, Giovanni A. Fava, Elena Tomba, Bo Netterstrøm, Lene Friebel, Yun Ladegaard, Eliana Tossani, Maria Grazia Ricci Garotti, Enrico Molinari, Riccardo Dalle Grave, Per Bech, Ellen Margrethe Christensen, Maj Vinberg, Søren Dinesen Østergaard, Klaus Martiny, Lars Vedel Kessing, K. Meyerbroeker, James F. Leckman, Ross J. Baldessarini, N. Morina, G.A. Kerkhof, Ramin Mojtabai, Satz Mengensatzproduktion, Druck Reinhardt Druck Basel, Druck Reinhardt Druck Basel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2013)
Comparisons Of Baseline Characteristics And Treatment Efficacy In Individuals With Refractory Or Unexplained Chronic Cough Enrolled In Phase 3 Trials Of Gefapixant
Authors: Michael Blaiss, Peter Dicpinigaitis, Surinder Birring, Lorcan McGarvey, Alyn Morice, Ian Pavord, Imran Satia, Jaclyn Smith, Carmen La Rosa, Qing Li, Allison Martin Nguyen, Jonathan Schelfhout, Anjela Tzontcheva, David Muccino
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Clinical Pharmacol &amp;amp; Therapeutics, St. Louis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Peptide Biased Antagonist Targeting CCR3 Blocks Esophageal Eosinophil Recruitment in the L2-IL5OXA Transgenic Mouse Model of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Nikhil Chauhan, Milica Grozdanovic, Joanne Masterson, Glenn Furuta, Hazem Abdelkarim, Vadim Gaponenko, Steven Ackerman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Editorial Board
Authors: P Coates, Olivier Devuyst, Tilman Drueke, Paris Ckd, Jürgen Floege, Aachen Glomerulonephritis, Agnes Fogo, T Alp Ikizler, Jai Radhakrishnan, York Kir, Germaine Wong, Pierre Ronco, Brad Rovin, Detlef Schlöndorff, New York, Qais Al-Awqati, Saulo Klahr, St Louis, Thomas Andreoli, Little Rock, Roscoe Robinson, Durham Nephrology, Christina Wyatt, Vic Hasselblad, Jacksonville Zhezhen, Joseph Kim, Yi-Ju Li, , Durham, Dorothea Nitsch, London Ramakrishnan, Anupam Agarwal, Hans Anders, Jonathan Barratt, David Basile, Emmanuel Burdmann, São Paulo, Daniel Cattran, Christos Toronto, Yi-Pu Paris, Erik Chen, Steven Christensen, New Coca, Terence York, London Cook, D Vivette, New Agati, Farhad York, John Danesh, Andrew Daugirdas, Ian Davenport, Marc De Boer, Vikas Antwerp, St Dharnidharka, Kent Louis, Zheng Doi, Adriana Dong, Kai-Uwe Oviedo, Berlin Eckardt, Eiam-Ong Somchai, Michael Emmett, Dallas Endre, Sydney Evan, Pieter Evenepoel, Sarah Leuven, Denver Faubel, Fernando Faul, Rochester Fervenza, Danilo Mineola, Alessia Homburg, Barry Miami, Winston-Salem Freedman, Isehara Masafumi Fukagawa, Vesna Garg, Rochester Garovic, Laguna Glassock, Glenda Niguel, David Gobe, New Goldfarb, Matthew York, Mark Griffin, Angeles Haas, John Haase, Cijiang He, Michelle Hladunewich, Thomas Hostetter, Chi-Yuan Cleveland, San Hsu, Tobias Francisco, Benjamin Huber, St Humphreys, Reiko Louis, Jula Tokyo, Dallas Inrig, Francisco Kirsten Johansen, Roberto Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Iowa Kalil, Yashpal City, Chicago Kanwar, New Kaskel, Krzysztof York, York Kiryluk, Clayton Kitching, Matthias Kopp, Ann Kretzler, Christian Arbor, Christophe Bonn, Paris Legendre, Los Lemley, Adeera Angeles, Philip Levin, Hong Li, Christoph Kong, John Toronto, Rochester Lieske, Jiannong Little, Kathleen Liu, San Liu, Youhua Francisco, Zhi-Hong Liu, Nanjing Liu, Dallas Lu, Matthias Berlin, Johannes Mack, Peter Mann, Hamilton Margetts, New Glen Markowitz, Ziad York, Kunihiro Paris, Rajnish Matsushita, Timothy Mehrotra, Palo Meyer, Jeffrey Alto, St Miner, William Louis, Houston Mitch, Jeremiah Moeller, St Morrissey, Rosa Louis, São Moysés, Rama Paulo, Peter Duarte, David Nelson, Clayton Nikolic-Paterson, Klaus Charlottesville, Juan Olgaard, York Oliver, Atlanta Charles O'neill, Mark Panzer, New Perazella, Janos Haven, Los Peti-Peterdi, Laura Angeles, Atlanta Plantinga, Didier Boston, Ambra Charlottesville, Susan Pozzi, Chicago Quaggin, Pia Maria, Milan Rastaldi, San Reeves, Heather Antonio, Jochen Reich, Giuseppe Reiser, Sharon Bergamo, Mariano Clayton, Mitchell Rodriguez, Michael Rosner, Robert Ross, Simone Safirstein, New Sanna-Cherchi, Antonio York, Kai Santoro, New Schmidt-Ott, Stephan York, Aarau Segerer, Sharma Kumar, La Jolla, Katalin Susztak, Tetsuhiro Tanaka, Tokyo Sydney, C Tang, Hong Kong, Ravi Thadhani, Joshua Boston, Jens Denver, Marcello Singapore, Frank Tonelli, Manjeri Van Der Sande, San Venkatachalam, Carsten Antonio, Joel Wagner, Ann Weinberg, Matthew Arbor, Donald Weir, Temple Wesson, Jack Westenfelder, Adam Wetzels, Myles Whaley-Connell, Keng-Thye Durham, Kwan-Dun Woo, Taiwan Wu, Yusuke Suzuki, Tokyo Zeisberg
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
Authors: Theresa A. McDonagh, Marco Metra, Marianna Adamo, Roy S. Gardner, Andreas Baumbach, Michael Böhm, Haran Burri, Javed Butler, Jelena Čelutkienė, Ovidiu Chioncel, John G.F. Cleland, Andrew J.S. Coats, Maria G. Crespo‐Leiro, Dimitrios Farmakis, Martine Gilard, Stephane Heymans, Arno W. Hoes, Tiny Jaarsma, Ewa A. Jankowska, Mitja Lainscak, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Alexander R. Lyon, John J.V. McMurray, Alexandre Mebazaa, Richard Mindham, Claudio Muneretto, Massimo Francesco Piepoli, Susanna Price, Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Frank Ruschitzka, Anne Kathrine Skibelund
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2022)
Spectrum of Phenotypes and Causes of Type 2 Diabetes in Children
Authors: Amy S. Shah, Kristen J. Nadeau, Dana Dabelea, Maria J. Redondo
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2022)

Several factors, including genetics, family history, diet, physical activity, obesity, and insulin resistance in puberty, appear to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in youth. Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is often thought of as a single entity but rather exists as a spectrum of disease with differences in presentation, metabolic characteristics, clinical progression, and complication rates. We review what is currently known regarding the risks associated with developing type 2 diabetes in youth. Additionally, we focus on the spectrum of phenotypes of pediatric type 2 diabetes, discuss the pathogenic underpinnings and potential therapeutic relevance of this heterogeneity, and compare youth-onset type 2 diabetes with type 1 diabetes and adult-onset type 2 diabetes. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps in prediction and prevention of youth-onset type 2 diabetes.
To Isaiah
Authors: Donald M. Berwick
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sarcoidosis
Authors: C. Chapelon
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I am grateful to Dr Lecklitner for his kind remarks and am extremely sympathetic to his concerns about the plight of young physicians interested in academic careers. My wife is one of them! However, he seems to imply that I advocate an end to all medical publishing by younger physicians. That would put a number of people out of business (including myself) and would inhibit the "rapid dissemination of new ideas" so necessary for medicine to progress and flourish. What I was suggesting was something different: young academics should not be "forced" to publish when (1) they may not be interested in publishing papers, (2) they may not be able to write publishable papers, or (3) they may have nothing publishable to say. If alternative routes to tenure are available, eg, service, teaching, or patient care, then publishing may be selected<i>voluntarily</i>. Perhaps only then will the quality
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: J. T. ISAACS
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

BOOK REVIEWS Get access In Vitro Models for Cancer Research. IV: Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder and Kidney. Mukta M. Webber, Lea I. Sekely, eds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1986, 299 pp. $99.50. JOHN T. ISAACS JOHN T. ISAACS The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, 422 N. Bond St., Rm. 201Baltimore, MD 21231 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 14, 21 September 1988, Page 1168, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.14.1168 Published: 21 September 1988
Social Distancing Reveals Determinants of Pediatric Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: Alan Poole, Michael Holcomb, Andrew Jamieson, Kristin Henly, Jeffrey Chambliss, Blake Nichols, Ali McMichael, Linda Miller, Colleen Menegaz, Markie Campfield, Priyank Yagnik, Peter Luckett, Alexandra Volk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Milind Y. Desai, Rick A. Nishimura, Paolo Spirito, Harry Rakowski, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Joseph A. Dearani, Ethan J. Rowin, Martin S. Maron, Mark V. Sherrid
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a relatively common, globally distributed, and often inherited primary cardiac disease, has now transformed into a contemporary highly treatable condition with effective options that alter natural history along specific personalized adverse pathways at all ages. HCM patients with disease-related complications benefit from: matured risk stratification in which major markers reliably select patients for prophylactic defibrillators and prevention of arrhythmic sudden death; low risk to high benefit surgical myectomy (with percutaneous alcohol ablation a selective alternative) that reverses progressive heart failure caused by outflow obstruction; anticoagulation prophylaxis that prevents atrial fibrillation-related embolic stroke and ablation techniques that decrease the frequency of paroxysmal episodes; and occasionally, heart transplant for end-stage nonobstructive patients. Those innovations have substantially improved outcomes by significantly reducing morbidity and HCM-related mortality to 0.5%/y. Palliative pharmacological strategies with currently available negative inotropic drugs can control symptoms over the short-term in some patients, but generally do not alter long-term clinical course. Notably, a substantial proportion of HCM patients (largely those identified without outflow obstruction) experience a stable/benign course without major interventions. The expert panel has critically appraised all available data and presented management insights and recommendations with concise principles for clinical decision-making.
Other Books
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal