tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of lysolipids and oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein on endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit aorta.
Authors: E LMangin, KKugiyama, J HNguy, S AKerns, P DHenry
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Exposure of isolated arteries to oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been reported to suppress endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR). To determine whether lipid degradation products in oxidized LDL contribute to impaired relaxation, we have tested the responsiveness of isolated rabbit aortas to endothelium-dependent relaxants (acetylcholine, ATP, and calcium ionophore A23187) and nitroglycerin before and after 2-hour incubations with selected lipids and LDL preparations. Concentrations (10 microM) of lecithin, phosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidic acid, palmitate, arachidonate, and auto-oxidized arachidonate had no effect on EDR. Concentrations (10 microM) of lysolecithin, lyso-platelet activating factor, and sphingosine significantly suppressed endothelium-dependent relaxation. Native LDL (100 micrograms/ml incubation buffer) containing only small amounts of lysophosphatidylcholine exerted no effect on EDR. In contrast, LDL preparations oxidatively mo...
Early diastolic filling dynamics during experimental mitral regurgitation in the conscious dog.
Authors: KKatayama, TTajimi, B DGuth, MMatsuzaki, J DLee, RSeitelberger, K LPeterson
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Diastolic flow into the left ventricle during mitral regurgitation must increase as total stroke volume increases in response to the volume overload. The mechanisms that allow augmented diastolic filling are not fully defined. Accordingly, the left ventricle of five dogs was instrumented with a micromanometer and sonomicrometers and studied during the conscious state before (control) and after the creation of significant mitral regurgitation. Serial measurements were made at control and up to 4 weeks after the creation of the volume overload. Heart rate, peak systolic wall stress, and peak positive dP/dt showed no significant changes between control and subsequent observations. End-diastolic volume and total stroke volume progressively and significantly increased during the 4-week course. When compared with the control state (51 +/- 4, mean +/- SD), the filling fraction during the first 40% of diastolic time was increased at 4 days (67 +/- 10%, p less than 0.001), 2 weeks (72 +/- 6%, p less than 0.001), a...
Transendothelial transport and metabolism of adenosine and inosine in the intact rat aorta.
Authors: KKroll, M KKelm, K FBürrig, JSchrader
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

This study was aimed at defining the role of vascular endothelium in the transport and metabolism of adenosine. For this purpose, endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded isolated rat aortas, perfused at constant flow (2 ml/min), were prelabeled with 3H-adenosine or 3H-inosine for 10 minutes at concentrations of 0.012-100 microM. Sequestration of adenosine by endothelium was determined from radioactivity recovered during selective endothelial cell removal with deoxycholic acid (0.75% for 15 seconds). In the physiological concentration range of adenosine (0.012-1 microM), fractional sequestration by endothelium was 90-92% of the total adenosine incorporation by the aorta. Endothelial sequestration of inosine at 0.1 microM was 85%. At 100 microM adenosine or inosine, fractional sequestration by aortic endothelium was 33% and 39%, respectively. Analysis of the specific radioactivity of adenine nucleotides extracted from prelabeled aortas indicated that most of the adenosine was incorporated into endothelia...
Cardiac Disease Evaluation and Management Among Kidney and Liver Transplantation Candidates
Authors: Krista L. Lentine, Salvatore P. Costa, Matthew R. Weir, John F. Robb, Lee A. Fleisher, Bertram L. Kasiske, Robert L. Carithers, Michael Ragosta, Kline Bolton, Andrew D. Auerbach, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Aortic input impedance in man: acute response to vasodilator drugs.
Authors: WGundel, GCherry, BRajagopalan, L BTan, GLee, DSchultz
Journal: Circulation (1981)

In 18 patients who underwent coronary arteriography, aortic velocity and pressure data were obtained during a control state and during either isoproterenol infusion at 1, 2 and 3 micrograms/min or graded nitroprusside infusion (average peak dose 60 micrograms/min). Impedance moduli and phase angles were derived to 10 Hz for controls states, isoproterenol at 2 micrograms/min, and at peak nitroprusside effect. Averaged control data included a mean resistance of 1460 dyn-sec-cm-5 and a characteristic impedance of 88 dyn-sec-cm-5 The characteristic impedance did not correlate with age (r = 0.21), coronary artery disease score (r = 0.17) or mean aortic pressure (r = -0.01). In 11 patients, isoproterenol induced a 38% reduction in mean resistance and a 10% reduction in mean aortic pressure. There was slight reduction in characteristic impedance and phase angles became less negative, to 2 Hz. In seven patients, nitroprusside induced a 38% reduction in mean resistance and a 22% reduction in mean aortic pressure. ...
Failed elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty requiring coronary artery bypass surgery. In-hospital and late clinical outcome at 5 years.
Authors: J DTalley, W SWeintraub, G SRoubin, J SDouglas, H VAnderson, E LJones, D CMorris, H ALiberman, J MCraver, R AGuyton
Journal: Circulation (1990)

This study was performed to define the in-hospital and late clinical outcome at 5 years in 430 patients who had a failed elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery during their hospitalization. This group comprised 5.9% of 7,246 patients undergoing elective PTCA. CABG surgery was performed in 346 patients with ongoing myocardial ischemia (80.5%) and in 84 patients without ischemia (19.5%). Their mean age was 56 +/- 9 years, and 76.3% were male. One-vessel disease was present in 72.3%, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 59 +/- 11%. Overall, 1.9 +/- 0.9 bypass grafts were placed. There was increased use of the internal thoracic artery in the nonischemic group. A new nonfatal postprocedural Q wave myocardial infarction occurred in 21.2% and occurred more frequently in the ischemic (25.4%) than in the nonischemic (3.6%) group (p less than 0.0001). There were six in-hospital deaths (1.4%), an incidence that did not d...
Failure of glycogen depletion to improve left ventricular function of the rabbit heart after hypothermic ischemic arrest.
Authors: C FLagerstrom, W EWalker, HTaegtmeyer
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We tested the hypothesis that depletion of glycogen prior to myocardial ischemia diminishes lactate buildup and improves functional recovery on reperfusion in the isolated rabbit heart. Cardiac glycogen was reduced either by substituting N2 for O2 in the perfusate or by perfusion with substrate-free solution, before the onset of ischemia. Hearts were subjected to either 30 minutes of normothermic (37 degrees C) or 60 minutes of hypothermic (4 degrees C) ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Function was assessed by measuring peak left ventricular pressure at end-diastolic pressures ranging from 0 to 20 mm Hg. N2 perfusion for 15 minutes lowered myocardial glycogen by 60% and decreased ATP and phosphocreatine (p less than 0.001). Glycogen depletion did not decrease lactate accumulation during ischemia, but it impaired recovery with reperfusion (-46%, p less than 0.05). N2 perfusion for 5 minutes also reduced glycogen by 60%, but energy-rich phosphates were n...
Intravascular ultrasound assessment of lumen size and wall morphology in normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: S ENissen, J CGurley, C LGrines, D CBooth, RMcClure, MBerk, CFischer, A NDeMaria
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDNecropsy studies demonstrate that coronary artery disease (CAD) is frequently complex and eccentric. However, angiography provides only a silhouette of the vessel lumen. Intravascular ultrasound is a new tomographic imaging method for evaluation of coronary dimensions and wall morphology. Few data exist regarding intravascular ultrasound in patients with CAD, and no data exist for subjects with normal coronaries.METHODS AND RESULTSWe used a multielement 5.5F, 20-MHz ultrasound catheter to examine eight normal subjects and 43 patients with CAD. We assessed the safety of coronary ultrasound and the effect of vessel eccentricity on comparison of minimum luminal diameter by angiography and ultrasound. Normal and atherosclerotic wall morphology and stenosis severity were also evaluated by intravascular ultrasound. The only untoward effect was transient coronary spasm in five patients. At 33 sites in normal subjects, the lumen was nearly circular, yielding a close correlation between angiographic and ...
Long-term follow-up of the Hancock bioprosthetic heart valve: a 6-year review.
Authors: L HCohen, J KKoster, R BMee, J JCollins
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Clinical experience with the Hancock porcine bioprosthetic heart valve was reviewed in 467 patients (254 men and 213 women, 18--84 years old, average, 56 years) who received 528 valves from January, 1972, to January, 1978. Associated procedures, including coronary bypass graft, ascending aortic aneurysm, and valvuloplasty were done in 102 of the 467 patients (22%). The overall operative mortality was 25/467 (5.6%), 12/226 (5.3%) for aortic valve replacement (AVR), 11/183 (6%) for mitral valve replacement (MVR), and 2/58 (3.4%) for multiple valve replacement. The first 323 patients with a minimum follow-up of 16 months (16--75 months, average 33 months) were analyzed for survival and thromboemboli. Actuarial survival at 66--75 months was 75.7% for AVR, 79% for MVR, and 75.8% for multiple valve replacement. Emboli per 100 patient-years was 0.55 for AVR (no anticoagulants), 3.9 for MVR, and 4.8 for multiple valve replacement (anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation patients only); emboli occurred only in pati...
Congenitally complete heart block. Developmental aspects.
Authors: R HAnderson, A CWenick, T GLosekoot, A EBecker
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Three cases of congenitally complete heart block are described of hearts in which other minor congenital malformations were not in themselves severe enough to disrupt the atrioventricular conduction system. The cases fitted well into the categorization of complete heart block suggested by Lev. Two exhibited lack of communication between the atrial and conducting tissues, the other had discontinuity of the penetrating atrioventricular bundle. In an attempt to explain why this discontinuity between different segments of the conducting tissues occurs, we re-examined several series of graded human embryos. This investigation suggested that the anulus fibrosus in the normal heart is derived from sulcus tissue of the atrioventricular junction, the endocardial atrioventricular cushions playing a minor role in the separation of atria from ventricles. The relationships between the sulcus tissues and the different components of the atrioventricular junctional area are discussed in terms of an explanation both for t...
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukaemia in Europe
Authors: A. Gratwohl, J. Hermans, A. J. Barrett, P. Ernst, F. Frassoni, G. Gahrton, A. Granena, H. J. Kolb, A. Marmont, H. G. Prentice, B. Speck, J. P. Vernant, F. J. Zwaan
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Evaluation of the CO2 rebreathing cardiac output method in seriously ill patients.
Authors: J AFranciosa
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The CO2 rebreathing cardiac output method is a totally noninvasive Fick procedure needing validation in various disease states to become clinically applicable. Simultaneous measurements of cardiac output by CO2 rebreathing and dye-dilution or direct Fick techniques were performed in 53 patients. In nine patients with pulmonary disease rebreathing cardiac output averaged 4.85 L/min compared to 5.18 L/min by dye-dilution or Fick (r = 0.16). In 14 instances of acute myocardial infarction cardiac output was 5.53 L/min by rebreathing and 5.87 L/min by dye-dilution (r = 0.95), while in nine shock cases it averaged 3.98 L/min by dye-dilution or Fick and 3.75 L/min by CO2 rebreathing (r = 0.94). In five heart failure cases with mitral insufficiency, which may distort dye durves, correlation between standard and rebreathing methods was r = 0.09, but in 16 cases without mitral regurgitation, r = 0.89. Acute interventions in ten patients increased dye-dilution cardiac output by 0.92 L/min and rebreathing outputs by ...
Maintained stroke volume but impaired arterial oxygenation in man at high altitude with supplemental CO2.
Authors: R FGrover, J TReeves, J TMaher, R EMcCullough, J CCruz, J CDenniston, ACymerman
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Hypobaric hypoxia causes hypocapina and alkalosis, hemoconcentration and increased hematocrit, and a decreased cardiac stroke volume. To assess the role of the hypocapnic alkalosis in causing these other changes, five men were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia at a barometric pressure (PB) of 440 torr with an alveolar O2 tension of 55 torr for 5 days with 3.77% CO2 added to the atmosphere to prevent alkalosis. They did not lose weight, and arterial CO2 tension, pH, and cardiac stroke volume were unchanged. An unchanged hematocrit implied an unchanged plasma volume. During exercise to maximum, stroke volumes equaled sea level values but arterial hypoxemia was profound, the arterial O2 tension being 39 torr. By contrast, three men at high altitude without CO2 supplementation (PB=455 torr; alveolar PO2=56 torr) had weight loss, hypocapnia, alkalosis, and decreased stroke volume. Increased hematocrits suggested decreased plasma volumes. During exercise, arterial PO2 (48 torr) was higher than in the group receiving...
Using Hawthorne Effects to Improve Adherence in Clinical Practice: Lessons From Clinical Trials
Authors: Scott A. Davis, Steven R. Feldman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Detecting abnormalities in left ventricular function during exercise by respiratory measurement.
Authors: AKoike, HItoh, KTaniguchi, MHiroe
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The degree of exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction and its relation to the anaerobic threshold were evaluated in 23 patients with chronic heart disease. A symptom-limited exercise test was performed with a cycle ergometer with work rate increased by 1 W every 6 seconds. Left ventricular function, as reflected by ejection fraction, was continuously monitored with a computerized cadmium telluride detector after the intravenous injection of technetium-labeled red blood cells. The anaerobic threshold (mean, 727 +/- 166 ml/min) was determined by the noninvasive measurement of respiratory gas exchange. As work rate rose, the left ventricular ejection fraction increased but reached a peak value at the anaerobic threshold and then fell below resting levels. Ejection fraction at rest, anaerobic threshold, and peak exercise were 41.4 +/- 11.3%, 46.5 +/- 12.0%, and 37.2 +/- 11.0%, respectively. Stroke volume also increased from rest (54.6 +/- 17.0 ml/beat) to the point of the anaerobic threshold (65.0 +/- 21.2 ml/be...
Dementia
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Letters4 February 2020DementiaThomas E. Finucane, MDThomas E. Finucane, MDMassachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (T.E.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L19-0681 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Oh and Rabins (1) provide lukewarm guidance on the pharmacologic treatment of Alzheimer disease. They state that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors “can be prescribed for treatment of symptomatic Alzheimer disease” and that memantine is “approved for use.” They note that use of these drugs “may be stopped” if no benefit is seen. They also provide a table with prescribing information.Oh and Rabins emphasize a placebo-controlled trial that assigned donepezil-treated patients with Alzheimer disease to stop donepezil therapy, continue it, continue it and add memantine, or switch to memantine (2). That trial's authors acknowledge that “clearly, the effect of ...References1. Oh ES, Rabins PV. Dementia. Ann Intern Med. 2019;171:ITC33-48. [PMID: 31476229]. doi:10.7326/AITC201909030 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Howard R, McShane R, Lindesay J, et al. Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:893-903. [PMID: 22397651] doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1106668 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Howard R, Phillips P, Gray R. Discontinuing donepezil or starting memantine for Alzheimer's disease [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:2227-8. [PMID: 22670912] doi:10.1056/NEJMc1204656 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Finucane MM, Finucane TE. Discontinuing donepezil or starting memantine for Alzheimer's disease [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:2227-8. [PMID: 22670912] doi:10.1056/NEJMc1204656 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Prescrire in English. Drugs for Alzheimer's disease: finally delisted in France! 2019. Accessed at https://english.prescrire.org/en/81/168/55126/0/NewsDetails.aspx on 20 December 2019. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (T.E.F.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L19-0681. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoDementia Esther S. Oh and Peter V. Rabins Dementia Esther S. Oh and Peter V. Rabins Metrics 4 February 2020Volume 172, Issue 3Page: 225-226KeywordsAlzheimer diseaseCognitionConflicts of interestDementiaDisclosureDrugsToxicity ePublished: 4 February 2020 Issue Published: 4 February 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Leptin--A Growth Factor in Normal and Malignant Breast Cells and for Normal Mammary Gland Development
Authors: X. Hu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. As body weight and fat mass increase, circulating leptin increases. Leptin is an adipocyte-derived cytokine that acts through the long form of its receptor, termed OB-Rb. To investigate whether leptin is associated with breast cancer, we determined the expression of OB-Rb in human breast epithelial HBL100 cells and human breast carcinoma-derived T-47D cells, determined whether leptin influenced the proliferation of these cells, and evaluated the structure of mammary tissue in genetically obese leptin-deficient Lep(ob)Lep(ob) and leptin receptor-deficient Lepr(db)Lepr(db) mice.Cell numbers and cell colony formation by HBL100 and T-47D cells were determined by anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth assays. OB-Rb expression was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses. Expression of leptin signaling pathway components was evaluated with immunoblot and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Mammary gland development in lean and obese mice was investigated in whole-mount studies. All statistical tests were two-sided.Leptin enhanced anchorage-dependent proliferation by 138% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 108% to 169%) in T-47D cells and 50% (95% CI = 38% to 60%) in HBL100 cells. In both cell lines, OB-Rb was expressed, and leptin increased the expression of phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and transcript activator protein 1 (AP-1). However, leptin increased anchorage-independent cell growth only in the breast cancer cell line (by 81% [95% CI = 62% to 101%] compared with untreated cells). Obese Lep(ob)Lep(ob) and Lepr(db)Lepr(db) mice had minimal epithelial development in the mature mammary gland compared with their lean counterparts.Leptin appears to be able to control the proliferation of both normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. Consequently, the leptin pathway should be further studied as a target for interventions to treat or prevent breast cancer.
Long-term impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations to aggregating platelets after reperfusion injury in canine coronary arteries.
Authors: P JPearson, H VSchaff, P MVanhoutte
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Experiments were designed and performed to determine whether endothelial function remained chronically impaired after coronary artery reperfusion. Canine left anterior descending coronary arteries were exposed to ischemia (60 minutes) followed by reperfusion (12 weeks). Rings (3-4 mm wide) of the reperfused artery and of normal left circumflex (control) coronary artery segments were suspended in organ chambers containing physiological saline solution (37 degrees C, gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2) for isometric force measurement. Endothelium-independent contractions to KCl or prostaglandin F2 alpha and endothelium-independent relaxations to nitric oxide or isoproterenol were comparable in control and chronically reperfused arteries. However, chronically reperfused coronary arteries exhibited impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations to aggregating platelets. In addition, the reperfused coronary arteries exhibited impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations to the platelet-derived compounds adenosine diphosphate...
Use of survival analysis to determine the clinical significance of new Q waves after coronary bypass surgery.
Authors: B RChaitman, E LAlderman, L TSheffield, TTong, LFisher, M BMock, R DWeins, G CKaiser, DRoitman, RBerger, BGersh, HSchaff, M GBourassa, TKillip
Journal: Circulation (1983)

There are few data on the long-term effects of new Q waves on survival and morbidity after coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG). We followed 1340 patients who underwent CABG in 1978 at 10 hospitals participating in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). The incidence of perioperative Q-wave infarction was 4.76% (range 0.0-10.3% by hospital). The rate of infarction was higher in patients who had an increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or cardiomegaly on the preoperative chest radiograph. Patients who received more grafts or who had longer cardiopulmonary bypass time were also at higher risk of infarction. In a stepwise discriminant analysis of 44 clinical, angiographic and surgical variables, cardiopulmonary bypass time, topical cardiac hypothermia and cardiomegaly entered the stepwise selection of variables. Long-term survival was adversely affected by the appearance of new postoperative Q waves. The hospital mortality was 9.7% in the 62 patients who had new postoperative Q waves and 1.0% ...