tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 11489: Oral Rhamnan Sulfate Reduces Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation
Authors: Nikita Patil, Almudena Gómez-Hernández, Fuming Zhang, Limary Cancel, Xu Feng, Lufeng Yan, Ke Xia, Eri Takematsu, Emily Yang, Victoria Le, Megan Fisher, Agueda Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Carmelo Garcia-Monzon, James Tunnell, John Tarbell, Robert Linhardt, Aaron Baker
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: The glycocalyx, an interior lining of blood vessels, forms a barrier against inflammation and atherosclerotic risk factors. It is degraded during plaque development, allowing fat deposition in the intima. Rhamnan sulfate (RS), a polysaccharide from green seaweed, resembles GAGs such as heparan sulfate in the glycocalyx. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that RS can replace and rejuvenate the glycocalyx to enhance barrier function and prevent plaque formation. Methods: In vitro, we tested the effects of RS on proliferation, migration and permeability to LDL. We used western blots to measure the efficacy of RS in inhibiting the NF-κb pathway. We also performed atomic force microscopy on endothelial cells to test effects of RS on glycocalyx stiffness and thickness post-inflammation. In vivo, we conducted a study in female and male ApoE -/- mice on a high fat diet for 13 weeks where RS treatment was provided orally (n = 10 per group). Results: Rhamnan sulfate decreased growth factor induced proliferation and migration of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. It increased heparan sulfate coverage and decreased the permeability of endothelial cells to LDL. It also decreased the activation of NF-κb in response to TNF-α treatment while also binding to NF-κb subunits. In ApoE -/- mice, oral consumption of RS decreased cholesterol levels in the plasma by 22.5% in female mice. En face analysis of aorta showed that plaque area decreased by 45.2% in female and 36.4% in male mice. In female mice, lipid deposition and stenosis decreased in the aortic arches and thoracic aortas while only lipid deposition was reduced in the aortic arches of male mice. Inflammatory factors were also decreased in the aortic arches of female mice. In livers of these mice, RS treatment reduced NAFLD activity scores and lipid deposition in females and unsaturated lipid content in males. RNA sequencing showed significant differences in genes related to metabolism, circadian rhythm and lipid regulation between high fat diet and RS groups and male and female mice. Conclusions: Rhamnan sulfate reduces inflammation in endothelial cells and proliferation of vSMCs. It also reduces plaque formation in aorta of ApoE -/- mice.
Abstract 10537: Clinical, Sociodemographic and Neighborhood Characteristics and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Dianna Gaballa, Sarah L Pachtman, Matthew J Blitz, Joanna S Fishbein, Roland Hentz, Georgeta Vaidean, Evelina Grayver, Catherine Weinberg, Eugenia Gianos
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are risk enhancing factors for future cardiovascular (CV) disease. Our study aims to understand the clinical, sociodemographic and neighborhood factors of patients who suffered APOs in our health system. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 66,136 single-gestation pregnancies from 7 hospitals in the Northwell Health System between March 2018 and June 2020. Pregnancies with known APO status were included in final analysis (n=64,804). Data extracted from EHR included demographics, parity, insurance, hospital of delivery, medical history, and APO outcomes: pre-term birth (PTB), stillbirth (SB), small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW). Median neighborhood household income, percent unemployed, and household size (extracted from census data based on zip code) were used to represent the mean demographics of those living within certain geographic regions. Results: In our study population, the average ±SD age was 31.4 ±5.4 years; 46.9% were white, 12.4% were black, 12.4% were Asian and 52.3% were overweight or obese. The composite incidence of SB, SGA and LBW was 13.8% while incidence of PTB was 7.2%. Being single or having public health insurance had an increased odds of overall APOs, OR 1.4 (95%CI 1.3-1.4) and OR 1.3 (95%CI 1.2-1.3), respectively. Median neighborhood household income was significantly associated with odds of APOs, with lower income categories having increased odds of APOs and odds of PTB compared to higher income categories. Those with a hypertensive disorder (HTN) (during or pre-pregnancy) had increased odds of having an APO compared to those without, OR 2.2 (95%CI 2.1-2.4). Those with HTN, glucose intolerance or obesity (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 40) during or pre-pregnancy had increased odds of a PTB compared to those without any of these conditions, OR 3.6 (95%CI 3.4 - 3.9), OR 1.7(95%CI 1.6-1.9) and OR 1.9 (95%CI 1.7-2.2), respectively. Conclusions: CV risk factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics are likely associated with APOs. These potential relationships may provide useful information for CV prevention in pregnancy. Future research is needed to further elucidate these associations.
Abstract 14223: Unfavorable Recent Trends in Smoking in Brazil - A Call for Innovation?
Authors: Antonio Depaivafagundes Ju, Deborah Malta, Luisa Brant, Renato Teixeira, Carisi A Polanczyk, Glaucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira, Antonio L Ribeiro
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of death in Brazil and worldwide. In addition, tobacco consumption through different forms of smoking is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Objectives: We analyzed the prevalence of smoking among adults in Brazil, and cardiovascular mortality rates attributable to tobacco, from 1990 to 2019 Methods: The prevalence of current smokers was estimated using data from a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey (National Health Survey) and the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) from 2006 to 2019. Age-standardized mortality rates and the absolute number of deaths attributable to tobacco were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019. Results: The results indicate that 12.8% (95% CI, 12.4-13.2%) of adults use some tobacco product, being the use higher in males (16.2%; 95% CI, 15.6-16.9%) than in females (9.9%; 95% CI, 9.3-10.3%). The proportion of people over 18 years of age who smoke in 2019 was 12.6% (95% CI, 12.2-13.0%), 15.9% (95% CI, 15.3-16.6%) in males, and 9.6% (95% CI, 9.2-10.1%) in females, showing a significant decrease in the last three decades (34.8% in 1989). However, there was an increase of 0.5% in the prevalence compared to 2018, suggesting a change in the trends. In 2019, smoking was responsible for 65,693 deaths from cardiovascular disease in Brazil (39% of all deaths attributed to tobacco). Cardiovascular mortality attributable to smoking decreased from 88.0/100,000 inhabitants (95%UI, 81.3-94.3) in 1990 to 26.3/100,000 inhabitants (95% UI, 23.8-28.9) in 2019. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco consumption and cardiovascular mortality attributed to tobacco has decreased in Brazil in the past three decades. However, recent opposite trends call for attention, demanding innovation in addressing the prevention and reduction of smoking in Brazil.
Abstract 10726: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Response in Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Samuel A Shabtaie, Justin Z Lee, Christopher V Desimone, Yong-mei Cha, Suraj Kapa, John Bois, Andrew Rosenbaum, Omar F Abouezzeddine, Konstantinos Siontis, Siva K Mulpuru, Abhishek Deshmukh
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Cardiac Sarcoidosis (CS) is a non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) characterized by infiltration of non-caseating granulomas involving in the heart with highly variable clinical manifestations. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has shown significant promise in NICM, though little is known about its effectiveness in patients with CS. Hypothesis: We sought to determine if CRT improved cardiac remodeling and reduced hospitalizations in patients with CS. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with a clinical or histological diagnosis of CS who underwent CRT implantation at a Mayo Clinic site from 2000-2021. Baseline characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, heart failure hospitalization, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were assessed. Results: Our cohort was comprised of 55 patients with 61.8% male and a mean age of 58.7 ± 10.9 years. At baseline, 38 (69.1%) patients had isolated CS, while 17 (30.9%) had evidence of CS with extra-cardiac sarcoidosis. The overwhelming majority underwent CRT-D implantation (n=52, 94.5%) with 67.3% of implanted devices upgrades from prior pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator. At 6 months post-implantation there was no significant different in ejection fraction (34.8 ± 10.9 % vs. 37.7 ± 14.2 %, p = 0.237), left ventricular end systolic diameter (49.1 ± 9.9 mm vs. 45.7 ± 9.9 mm, p = 0.077) or left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (58.5 ± 10.2 mm vs. 57.5 ± 8.1 mm, p = 0.574). Within the first 6 months post-implantation, 5 (9.1%) patients sustained a heart failure hospitalization. At a mean follow up of 4.1 ± 3.7 years, 14 (25.5%) patients experienced a heart failure hospitalization, 11 (20.0%) underwent cardiac transplantation, 1 (1.8%) underwent LVAD implantation and 7 (12.7%) patients died. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a poor response to CRT in patients with CS with no significant evidence of reverse remodeling within 6 months and a substantial proportion of patients progressing to advanced heart failure therapies.
Abstract 9891: Are CAC Scores Less Valuable for Patients of Low Socioeconomic Status? A Dallas Heart Study Analysis
Authors: Mark Berlacher, Taylor Triana, Elaine C Wu, Shreya Rao, Tiffany Powell-wiley, Ambarish Pandey, Parag H Joshi, Amit Khera
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and possible underestimation of risk by the pooled cohort equations (PCE). Whether coron...
Aaron Temkin Beck: psychiatrist who invented cognitive behavioural therapy
Authors: Joanne Silberner
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Credit: © 2016 Moonloop Photography, courtesy of Beck Institute for Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Ask the daughter of psychiatrist Aaron Beck, whose work upended that of Sigmund Freud, how she thinks her father might want to be remembered, and Judith Beck pauses a moment. Her answer then comes with confidence.

“As a scientist,” she says.

Beck, who died in his sleep at the age of 100, spent decades developing cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). CBT is a talk therapy, now widely used in developed as well as developing countries, that tackles negative patterns of thought. In his later years Beck worked on recovery oriented cognitive therapy (CT-R), which focuses on creating feelings of purpose, hope, and belonging in people with more serious behavioural and medical problems such as schizophrenia. Unlike psychoanalysis, the therapies are quick—treatment usually comes in half hour to one hour sessions weekly and rarely lasts more than a few months.

Beck never intended to become a psychiatrist. After graduating from Yale Medical School in 1946, he did a residency in pathology at a veterans’ hospital in Massachusetts. He was partway through a second residency, this one in neurology, when he was assigned to six months of psychiatry because of a dearth of psychiatry trainees.

“He wasn’t crazy …
Abstract 10809: Socioeconomic Factors Affect Prescription Patterns of the Newer Anti-Diabetic Medications
Authors: Haritha Gaddipati, Daniel Antwi-Amoabeng, pooja reddy, ANITA DHULIPALLI, Nageshwara Gullapalli
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2) and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1) medications are known to reduce cardiovascular mortality through their insulin-independent mechanisms. The prescription pattern of these medications among diabetes patients is unknown. We sought to classify prescription patterns within our healthcare system and identify factors which influence these patterns. Hypothesis: We predicted that socioeconomic factors would influence the likelihood of SGLT2 or GLP-1 prescription for diabetes care. Methods: Unique encounters for diabetes care in the outpatient and inpatient setting from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, were identified through a systematic query of our healthcare system’s database. We included patients &gt;18 years old who had an A1C of ≥8%. We abstracted demographic data, SGLT2 or GLP-1 prescription status, diabetes complications and assessed the relationship between these and the likelihood of being prescribed one of the medications of interest. Results: Of the 2,746 patients included, 24.4% were prescribed either an SGLT2 or a GLP-1. Prescription status did not differ by sex. Users were more likely to be younger (mean age: 65.1 ± 9.4 years vs. 66.4 ± 9.9 years, p = 0.005); non-Hispanic (86.3%), White (77.9%), likely to live in a middle-income level zip code, and likely to have private insurance. Logistic regression of the predictors of prescription status is shown in table 1. Conclusion: Race, age, ethnicity, insurance type, and median annual household income are associated with the likelihood that a diabetes patient would be prescribed either an SGLT2 or GLP-1. Further work is warranted to identify resources and strategies to limit the disparities in prescription patterns
Abstract 9880: Microplastics Exposure Promotes Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Mice
Authors: Jingjing Zhao, Daniel C Gomes, Daniel Conklin, Timothy E O'Toole
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Microplastics (MPs), particles with a diameter less than 5 mm, have become a common and abundant environmental pollutant. Prior studies suggested exposure to MPs induces oxidative stress and inflammation. As these outcomes also underlie cardiovascular disease (CVD), we sought to determine if ingestion of MPs promotes cardiovascular disease risk. Thus we supplied male C57BL/6J mice (13-weeks old, n=10 in each group) with normal drinking water or that containing two sizes of polystyrene (PS) beads (0.5 μm, 5 μm) at two different doses (0.1 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml) for 12 weeks. At intervals throughout this feeding time course and at termination, we measured several indices of pre-clinical CVD. Compared with control mice, we observed a statistically significant increase in body weight in those mice consuming the 0.5 μm polystyrene beads at a dose of 1 μg/ml as early as 3 weeks after initiation of treatment. This statistically significant increase in mice body weight was maintained after 9-(1.85 fold increase versus control group) and 12-weeks (2.02 fold increase versus control group) of consumption. Furthermore, this increase in body weight appeared to be due to an increase in fat mass. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan analysis showed that the percent body fat significantly increased in PS exposure groups (control: 13.78±0.17% versus 17.24±0.93% in mice consuming 0.5 μm PS particles at a dose of, 1 μg/ml). In the same group of mice, we also observed an increase in fasting blood glucose (1.46 fold), fasting plasma insulin (2.50 fold), and HOMA-IR scores (2.18 fold) after 12 weeks exposure. Consistently, after analysis of a gene expression array, we found altered expression of some genes regulating adipogenesis and white adipose browning in collected perivascular adipose tissue samples. An analysis of the gut microbiome also identified changes consistent with an increase in adiposity. Thus, our results suggest that polystyrene exposure promotes adiposity and insulin resistance and is a heretofore unrecognized risk factor for atherosclerosis development and CVD.
Effects of the World Health Organization Safe Childbirth Checklist on Quality of Care and Birth Outcomes in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Lennart Christian Kaplan, Ichsan Ichsan, Farah Diba, Marthoenis Marthoenis, Muhsin Muhsin, Samadi Samadi, Katharina Richert, Suryane Sulistiana Susanti, Hizir Sofyan, Sebastian Vollmer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

To address major causes of perinatal and maternal mortality, the World Health Organization developed the Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC), which to our knowledge has been rigorously evaluated only in combination with high-intensity coaching.
NIMG-05. DIFFERENCES IN VASCULARITY BETWEEN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA AND BRAIN METASTASIS USING DYNAMIC CONTRAST ENHANCED MRI
Authors: Dafna Ben Bashat, Deborah Blumenthal, Dror Limon, Orna Aizenstein, Idan Bressler, Felix Bokstein, Moran Artzi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract In recent years, several automatic methods have been proposed to differentiate between brain tumor recurrence and treatment-related changes following radiotherapy, based on conventional and advanced MRI methods. Vascular parameters extracted from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) were suggested as potential markers for disease progression. Yet, most studies that proposed machine-learning methods or relayed on threshold values of DCE for classification, did not analyze separately Glioblastoma (GBM) and brain metastasis, and often offer the same method/threshold values, neglecting the different vascularity of these two tumor types. Understanding and quantifying the differences between tumors type can improve early diagnosis of recurrence and may improve the reliability of identifying treatment-related changes. The aim of this study was to quantify vascular parameters of tumor recurrence and to assess differences between GBM and brain metastasis, specifically metastasis of breast cancer. METHOD: 41 MRI scans were included: 24 from patients with GBM: 20 with recurrence and 4 with treatment-related changes, and 17 scans from patients with brain metastasis of breast cancer: 10 with recurrence and 7 with treatment-related changes (diagnosis were based on radiological follow-up/histopathology, when available). MRIs were performed on a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner (Siemens MAGNETOM Prisma) and included T1, T1+contrast, and DCE images. DCE analysis was performed using DUSTER and Ktrans, Vp and Kep pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between groups. RESULTS: Patients with GBM often demonstrated both tumor recurrence and areas with treatment-related changes. Significantly differences were detected between tumor recurrence and treatment-related changes, and higher Vp and Ktrans were detected in recurrent GBM as compared to recurrent breast cancer metastasis. Cutoff for differentiation between tumor recurrence and treatment-related changes will be presented specifically for each tumor type. To conclude, when defining quantitative threshold values for clinical decision-making, the inherent differences between primary and metastatic brain tumors should be taken into account.
VP10-2021: Cabozantinib (C) plus atezolizumab (A) versus sorafenib (S) as first-line systemic treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC): Results from the randomized phase III COSMIC-312 trial
Authors: R.K. Kelley, T. Yau, A.-L. Cheng, A. Kaseb, S. Qin, A.X. Zhu, S. Chan, W. Sukeepaisarnjaroen, V. Breder, G. Verset, E. Gane, I. Borbath, J.D. Gomez Rangel, P. Merle, F.M. Benzaghou, K. Banerjee, S. Hazra, J. Fawcett, L. Rimassa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Short- and medium-term impacts of strict anti-contagion policies on non-COVID-19 mortality in China
Authors: Jinlei Qi, Dandan Zhang, Xiang Zhang, Tanakao Takana, Yuhang Pan, Peng Yin, Jiangmei Liu, Shuocen Liu, George F. Gao, Guojun He, Maigeng Zhou
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2021)

The effects of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) public health policies on non-COVID-19-related mortality are unclear. Here, using death registries based on 300 million Chinese people and a difference-in-differences design, we find that China's strict anti-contagion policies during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced non-COVID-19 mortality outside Wuhan (by 4.6%). The health benefits persisted and became even greater after the measures were loosened: mortality was reduced by 12.5% in the medium term. Significant changes in people's behaviours (for example, wearing masks and practising social distancing) and reductions in air pollution and traffic accidents could have driven these results. We estimate that 54,000 lives could have been saved from non-COVID-19 causes during the 50 days of strict policies and 293,000 in the subsequent 115 days. The results suggest that virus countermeasures not only effectively controlled COVID-19 in China but also brought about unintended and substantial public health benefits. Do restrictive measures to control the spread of COVID-19 also reduce non-COVID-19-related mortality? Here, the authors show that, in China, non-COVID-19-related mortality declined by 4.6% during periods of stringent non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Abstract 11335: Does Reduced Parasympathetic Heart Rate Variability Promote Obesity in Children?
Authors: Lisa Maria M Kaefer, Mélanie Henderson, Jennifer J McGrath, Paul Poirier, Andraea Van Hulst, Lisa Kakinami, Marie-Eve Mathieu, Marie-Beatrice SAADE, Gilles Paradis, Tracie A Barnett
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Considering the contribution of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in regulating both energy expenditure and energy intake, assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) may elucidate the etiology and adaptive processes in the development of obesity. Variations in the cardiac ANS are associated with changes in energy balance and eating behaviours, highlighting the potential key function of the ANS in the etiology of obesity. While it is broadly accepted that obesity impacts HRV, potential impacts of HRV patterns on obesity remain unexplored. We hypothesize that certain HRV patterns increase risk of excess weight in children. Methods: Participants included 406 White youth from the QUALITY cohort (56% boys). Children were considered at risk of CVD due to confirmed parental obesity status. Time- and frequency-domain HRV indices derived from short-term ECG recordings (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio) were analyzed at baseline (mean = 9.6 years, SD = 0.9). Adiposity at 2-year follow-up was evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Total body fat (BF) and BF distribution were captured; central adiposity was estimated using the android-to-gynoid ratio. Prospective associations between HRV at baseline and adiposity at 2-year follow-up were estimated using regression models including weights for well-established confounders (difference in adiposity measures over time, sex, age, sexual maturity, and physical activity). Results: 8-10 year olds with a sympathovagal imbalance described by a sympathetic predominance (LF/HF) presented with higher BF (β = 3.32, p &lt; 0.001) and higher android-to-gynoid ratio (β =0.03, p&lt;0.001) at age 10-12 years. Furthermore, lower levels of parasympathetic indices at age 8-10 years predicted higher BF (RMSSD: β = -0.09, p &lt; 0.01; pNN50: β = -0.13, p &lt; 0.01) and higher android-to-gynoid ratio (RMSSD: β -0.001, p &lt; 0.05; pNN50: β = -0.001, p &lt; 0.01) two years later. Conclusions: Impaired cardiac ANS modulation appears associated with the occurrence of childhood obesity two years later. A sympathetic predominance paired with reduced parasympathetic indices in otherwise healthy children may foreshadow pathophysiological processes that lead to obesity and may help to identify intervention targets.