tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EAACI statement on the diagnosis, management and prevention of severe allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Milena Sokolowska, Thomas Eiwegger, Markus Ollert, Maria J. Torres, Domingo Barber, Stefano Del Giacco, Marek Jutel, Kari C. Nadeau, Oscar Palomares, Ronald L. Rabin, Carmen Riggioni, Stefan Vieths, Ioana Agache, Mohamed H. Shamji
Journal: Allergy (2021)

The first approved COVID-19 vaccines include Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2, Moderna mRNA-1273 and AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral ChAdOx1-S. Soon after approval, severe allergic reactions to the mRNA-based vaccines that resolved after treatment were reported. Regulatory agencies from the European Union, Unites States and the United Kingdom agree that vaccinations are contraindicated only when there is an allergy to one of the vaccine components or if there was a severe allergic reaction to the first dose. This position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) agrees with these recommendations and clarifies that there is no contraindication to administer these vaccines to allergic patients who do not have a history of an allergic reaction to any of the vaccine components. Importantly, as is the case for any medication, anaphylaxis may occur after vaccination in the absence of a history of allergic disease. Therefore, we provide a simplified algorithm of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of severe allergic reactions and a list of recommended medications and equipment for vaccine centres. We also describe potentially allergenic/immunogenic components of the approved vaccines and propose a workup to identify the responsible allergen. Close collaboration between academia, regulatory agencies and vaccine producers will facilitate approaches for patients at risks, such as incremental dosing of the second injection or desensitization. Finally, we identify unmet research needs and propose a concerted international roadmap towards precision diagnosis and management to minimize the risk of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines and to facilitate their broader and safer use.
Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: In Search of the Culprit⁎⁎Editorials published in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Yuchi Han, Jeffrey S. Arkles
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Abstract 15788: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Urban Black Women: The Biosocial Impact on Black Births (bibb) Study
Authors: Rhonda Dailey, Ashleigh Peoples, Brooke Rengers, Ana C Wong, Kristen Daughters, Mercedes Price, Sarah Vaughan, Emily Dove-Medows, Alexandra Nowak, Liying Zhang, Phillip D Levy, Dawn Misra, Carmen Giurgescu
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Black women experience significant maternal mortality (3.3 times higher) compared to White women, and experience higher adverse outcomes. In the United States, cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of maternal mortality for Black women. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDOP) falls under the cardiovascular disease spectrum. Objective: To explore differences in women diagnosed with a HDOP compared to those that do not have HDOP. Methods: A total of 226 African American women from Metro-Detroit and Columbus, Ohio enrolled in a cross-sectional study who had recently gave birth. Women enrolled in a mixed methods study on social and biological stressors to preterm birth with a completed medical record abstraction were identified as having chronic hypertension or a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDOP) prior to the current pregnancy. HDOP is defined as chronic hypertension, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia or eclampsia. Perinatal complications and birth outcomes were explored. Sociodemographic was derived from completed prenatal questionnaires. Chi square was used for categorical variable and T-test was used for continuous variables. Significance is defined as p ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean age was 26.8±5.9 years. Approximately 70.4% (n=159) were from Detroit, MI and 29.6% were from Columbus, OH. The mean previous live births were 1.9±1.8 (range 0-8). The average number of prenatal visits with a physician were 9.2±2.9 (range 2-19) and the total number of any prenatal visits were 16.0±6.9 (range 1-44). Average baby gestational age is 37.9±2.2 weeks (range 15-26 weeks), and weight is 2998±703.4 grams. Approximately 60 women (26.5%) were identified with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Compared to women not diagnosed with a HDOP, women with a HDOP had an older mean age (28.3±6.4 vs 26.3±5.6), p=0.023; had more prenatal visits (18.2±7.6 vs 15.6±6.5) p=0.007; had babies at a younger gestational age (37.2±2.1 vs 38.2±2.1), p=0.002. Conclusion: These findings will aid in determining factors associated with HDOP in our population, and aid in determining next steps to reduce historic mortality in this group.
Combating an invisible enemy: the American military response to global pandemics
Authors: Lauren K. Dutton, Peter C. Rhee, Alexander Y. Shin, Richard J. Ehrlichman, Richard J. Shemin
Journal: Military Medical Research (2021)

Abstract The present moment is not the first time that America has found itself at war with a pathogen during a time of international conflict. Between crowded barracks at home and trenches abroad, wartime conditions helped enable the spread of influenza in the fall of 1918 during World War I such that an estimated 20–40% of U.S. military members were infected. While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is unparalleled for most of today’s population, it is essential to not view it as unprecedented lest the lessons of past pandemics and their effect on the American military be forgotten. This article provides a historical perspective on the effect of the most notable antecedent pandemic, the Spanish Influenza epidemic, on American forces with the goal of understanding the interrelationship of global pandemics and the military, highlighting the unique challenges of the current pandemic, and examining how the American military has fought back against pandemics both at home and abroad, both 100 years ago and today.
Therapeutic shutdown of HBV transcripts promotes reappearance of the SMC5/6 complex and silencing of the viral genome in vivo
Authors: Lena Allweiss, Katja Giersch, Andrea Pirosu, Tassilo Volz, Robert C Muench, Rudolf K Beran, Stephan Urban, Hassan Javanbakht, Simon P Fletcher, Marc Lütgehetmann, Maura Dandri
Journal: Gut (2021)

Objective Therapeutic strategies silencing and reducing the hepatitis B virus (HBV) reservoir, the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), have the potential to cure chronic HBV infection. We aimed to investigate the impact of small interferring RNA (siRNA) targeting all HBV transcripts or pegylated interferon-α (peg-IFNα) on the viral regulatory HBx protein and the structural maintenance of chromosome 5/6 complex (SMC5/6), a host factor suppressing cccDNA transcription. In particular, we assessed whether interventions lowering HBV transcripts can achieve and maintain silencing of cccDNA transcription in vivo. Design HBV-infected human liver chimeric mice were treated with siRNA or peg-IFNα. Virological and host changes were analysed at the end of treatment and during the rebound phase by qualitative PCR, ELISA, immunoblotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RNA in situ hybridisation was combined with immunofluorescence to detect SMC6 and HBV RNAs at single cell level. The entry inhibitor myrcludex-B was used during the rebound phase to avoid new infection events. Results Both siRNA and peg-IFNα strongly reduced all HBV markers, including HBx levels, thus enabling the reappearance of SMC5/6 in hepatocytes that achieved HBV-RNA negativisation and SMC5/6 association with the cccDNA. Only IFN reduced cccDNA loads and enhanced IFN-stimulated genes. However, the antiviral effects did not persist off treatment and SMC5/6 was again degraded. Remarkably, the blockade of viral entry that started at the end of treatment hindered renewed degradation of SMC5/6. Conclusion These results reveal that therapeutics abrogating all HBV transcripts including HBx promote epigenetic suppression of the HBV minichromosome, whereas strategies protecting the human hepatocytes from reinfection are needed to maintain cccDNA silencing.
Beliefs, intentions, and evolution: Old versus new psychological game theory
Authors: Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Peter Hans Matthews
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

We compare Colman's proposed "psychological game theory" with the existing literature on psychological games (Geanakoplos et al. 1989), in which beliefs and intentions assume a prominent role. We also discuss experimental evidence on intentions, with a particular emphasis on reciprocal behavior, as well as recent efforts to show that such behavior is consistent with social evolution.
betrayal aversion is reasonable
Authors: jonathan j. koehler, andrew d. gershoff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

we accept sunstein's claim that people often use moral heuristics to make judgments and decisions. however, in situations that include a risk of betrayal, we disagree with sunstein about when the relevant moral heuristic may be said to “misfire.” we suggest that the moral heuristic people apply to avoid the possibility of safety-product betrayal may be reasonable.
Abstract 19512: Aortic Annulus Sphericity Index is Predictive of Significant Aortic Regurgitation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Zack J Williams, Giorgio A Medranda, Kunal Brahmbhatt, Adbul M Hafiz, Rose Calixte, Juan Gaztanaga, Beevash Ray, Kevin Marzo, Richard Schwartz, Stephen Green
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a known occurrence post Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR), and has significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the degree of circularity of the aortic annulus on pre-TAVR computed tomography (CT) predicts development of post-TAVR moderate or severe AR. Methods: In this observational, retrospective study, we reviewed data on 350 TAVR patients at our institution from 2012-2015. Using CT, aortic annulus measurements were collected to evaluate the size of the aortic annulus and calculate the Sphericity Index (SI). SI was calculated by dividing the long diameter of the aortic annulus by the short diameter of the aortic annulus. Post-TAVR Transthoracic Echocardiograms (TTEs) were used to determine degree of AR prior to discharge. Significant AR was defined as moderate or severe AR. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to validate SI. We use Youdin Index (d2) to determine the optimal cutoff point of SI. All Analyses were done using SAS 9.4 ®. Results: The 350 patients had a mean age of 83.3 ± 7.2 years, BMI was 27.3 ± 5.5 kg/m2, 46.6% were male, and 92.3% were non-Hispanic White. The mean SI was 1.26 ± 0.09. Using Youdin Index the optimal SI cutoff was 1.33 and corresponds to the 75th percentile of deviation from a circle. There were 5.5% of patients with an SI of 1.33 or less who developed significant AR post-TAVR. In contrast, 22.4% of patients with an SI above 1.33 developed significant AR post-TAVR (p &lt; 0.001). Sensitivity was 53% and specificity was 81%. Conclusion: Currently, there are no non-invasive pre-TAVR methods to predict development of significant AR post-TAVR. We have determined that the SI, used to measure the degree of circularity of the aortic annulus, is a non invasive measurement that can be used to predict the development of significant AR. SI measurements greater than 1.33 predict AR and provide more insight for pre-TAVR evaluation.
A National Cancer Database (NCDB) analysis of the impact of nonmetastatic colon cancer sidedness on survival.
Authors: Deven Patel, Timothy DiPeri, Brian Cox, Andrew Eugene Hendifar, Arsen Osipov, May Thet Cho, Marwan Fakih, Jun Gong, Alexandra Gangi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

139 Background: Differences in embryological origin and tumor biology distinguish right-sided colon cancer (RCC) from left-sided colon cancer (LCC). Previous studies characterizing the prognostic impact of colon cancer laterality on clinical outcomes in non-metastatic colon cancer have been conflicting, thus closer examination is needed. Methods: Using the NCDB, patients with stage I-III colon cancer between 2004-2014 were stratified according to tumor location; RCC vs. LCC. Patient (pt) and tumor characteristics were compared in univariate analysis, survival (OS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Binomial logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify variables associated with colon cancer laterality. Results: Of the 342,735 pts who met inclusion criteria, 210,343 (61.4%) were diagnosed with RCC, and 132,392 (38.6%) with LCC. Pts with RCC were older (mean 71.6 vs. 66.4 years, p&lt; 0.001) and predominantly female (65% vs. 35%, p&lt; 0.001) compared to those with LCC. A trend towards poorer OS was seen in pts with RCC (mean 91.0 mos [95% CI: 90.2-91.8]) compared to LCC (112.2 mos [95% CI: 110.9-113.6]) in unadjusted analysis. On Cox multivariable adjusted analyses there was a significant but minimal impact on OS and laterality (hazard ratio or HR [LCC as ref] 0.978, 95% CI 0.967-0.989 p&lt; 0.0001). Multiple unadjusted KM survival analyses showed RCC with T4 disease, high-grade, LVI/PNI, positive margins, N0-N2 disease, tumor deposits, and receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy had poorer OS than those features in LCC (all p &lt; 0.0001). Binomial logistic regression showed RCCs were significantly more likely to be higher grade (odds ratio or OR 2.024) and MSI-H (OR 2.010) with trends (nonsignificant) towards more likely having N1-2 positive disease, LVI, less receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy, and fewer tumor deposits. Conclusions: The impact of sidedness on prognosis in stage I-III colon cancer is complex. In this large, population-based study, RCC tends to be associated with more adverse prognostic features than LCC. More investigation into the biologic differences between RCC and LCC is warranted and how they impact phenotype and survival.
Clare Gerada: Tips for surviving leadership
Authors: Clare Gerada
Journal: BMJ (2021)

My New Year’s resolution was to declutter paper and create order among my bookshelves and cupboards. As I did so I came across a sheet of paper given to me in 2010, when I became the Royal College of General Practitioners’ first female chair for 50 years. The sheet was entitled Surviving . The advice helped me immensely, and these are the points I would like to pass on:
Update on Hepatitis A Management
Authors: Mark K. Weng, Aaron M. Harris, Noele P. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 14077: Comparison of Outcomes of Transvenous Lead Extraction Using an Excimer Laser Sheath vs the Tightrail Rotating Dilator Sheath
Authors: Satish Misra, Kamala Swayampakala, Tricia Coons, Claire Cerbie, Magdalena Lesiczka, John W Holshouser, Rohit Mehta
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is an increasingly utilized strategy for CIED lead management. The most common tools for TLE are excimer laser sheaths (GlideLight©, SLS II©), initia...
Survival analysis of colorectal cancer patients treated with first-line modified FOLFOX6 with or without bolus fluorouracil.
Authors: Walid Labib Shaib, Amber Draper, Kalu Kalu, Kristina F. Byers, Bassel F. El-Rayes, Christina Wu, Olatunji B. Alese, Mehmet Akce, Subir Goyal, Katerina Mary Zakka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

35 Background: The combination of oxaliplatin, bolus 5-FU (b5FU), infusional 5-FU (5-FUCI), and leucovorin (LV) is the preferred first line treatment option for mCRC. This study evaluates the impact of b5FU on survival in first line therapy for mCRC patients treated with mFOLFOX6. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients ≥ 18 years old with mCRC receiving palliative first line mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy with or without b5FU/ LV from January 1, 2010 through June 1, 2019 at Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University. Data collection included the following: demographics (age, race, gender), disease characteristics (tumor sidedness), microsatellite status, KRAS status, BRAF status, addition of monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab, panitumumab), ECOG PS, grade 3/4 neutropenic events, addition of growth factors, and treatment delays. The primary endpoint was PFS. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for PFS and OS was performed with selected covariates of interest. Results: A total of 252 patients with mCRC met the inclusion criteria. Median follow-up time was 2.4 years. 161 patients (64%) received mFOLFOX6 with b5FU/LV and 91 patients (36%) received mFOLFOX6 with no b5FU/LV. More cycles were delivered in the b5FU group as compared to the non-b5FU group (mean, 4.8 v. 3.8 cycles, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in grade 3 and 4 neutropenic events between groups. Growth factor usage was numerically higher in the bolus group though not significantly different (p = 0.06). No difference was observed in treatment delays between groups (p = 0.83). There was no statistical difference in PFS between treatment groups (1.1 years in the b5FU/LV group v. 0.8 years (95% CI, 0.6-1.0) in the no 5-FU/LV bolus group; p = 0.076). The median OS was 2.5 years in the b5FU/LV group compared to 1.8 years in the no b5FU/LV group (p = 0.012). On univariate analysis, tumor sidedness and performance status were significantly different between groups. On multivariate analysis, none of the variables were significantly different between groups. Conclusions: The omission of the b5FU/LV from mFOLFOX6 does not significantly impact PFS, toxicity or treatment delays. However, OS is significantly shorter when the b5FU/LV is omitted suggesting the clinical importance of maintaining bolus administration with 5-FUCI in the first line palliative treatment of mCRC.
Abstract 10890: Cu Transporter ATP7A Protects Against Atherosclerosis by Limiting Endothelial-to-mesenchymal Transition Through Regulating Cu, ROS and Glycolysis
Authors: Dipankar Ash, Seock-Won Youn, Sudhahar Varadarajan, Archita Das, Tohru Fukai, Masuko Ushio-Fukai
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays an important role in the development of atherosclerotic lesion in part through oxidative stress and endothelial metabolism. Copper (C...
OP0031 Prolonged exposure of t cells to tnf downregulates tcrΖ and expression of the tcr/cd3 complex
Authors: P Isomäki, N Yasin, A Annenkov, J Clark, B Foxwell, Y Chernajovsky, A Cope
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> A role for tumour necrosis factor α (TNF) in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory is now firmly established. Paradoxically, TNF also has potent immuno-modulatory effects on CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes, since antigen specific proliferative and cytokine responses are suppressed following prolonged exposure to TNF. We studied whether TNF attenuated T cell activation by uncoupling proximal TCR signal transduction pathways using a mouse T cell hybridoma model. In this model, IL-2 production following peptide stimulation was suppressed by up to 90% by chronic TNF exposure, and was restored to control levels within days of withdrawing TNF signals. Dose-response studies indicated that TNF-treated T cells required TCR engagement with higher peptide concentrations for longer periods of time for commitment to IL-2 production. Subsequent experiments revealed that chronic TNF exposure led to a reversible loss of TCRζ chain expression, in part through a reduction in gene transcription. Downregulation of TCRζ impaired TCR/CD3 assembly and expression at the cell surface, and uncoupled membrane proximal tyrosine phosphorylation events, including phosphorylation of the TCRζ chain itself, CD3ε, ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinase and LAT. Intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> mobilisation was also suppressed in TNF-treated T cells. Signals transduced through a single chain Fv antibody/FcRγ chain chimeric receptor that recognises native type II collagen, and which utilises TCRζ for IL-2 gene transcription, were also attenuated. We propose that TNF may contribute to T cell hyporesponsiveness in chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, by mechanisms which include downregulation of TCRζ expression. We speculate that by uncoupling proximal TCR signals TNF could also interrupt mechanisms of peripheral tolerance which are dependent upon intact TCR signal transduction pathways. <h3>Objectives</h3> <h3>Methods</h3> <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusion</h3>