tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
11C-Methionine Uptake in the Lactating Human Breast
Authors: Enrico Michler, Stephan Hilliger, Klaus Kopka, Jörg Kotzerke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract A 33-year-old nursing mother who underwent resection of a glioblastoma of the right hemisphere was referred for a 11 C-methionine PET/MR scan to exclude cancer recurrence. In whole-body PET imaging, a slight radiotracer uptake could be observed in the mammary glands, reflecting lactation status. In this case report, we initially describe 11 C-methionine uptake in the human breast and discuss any consequences arising from this special situation.
Citizenship and Social Responsibility in Surgery
Authors: Megan Janeway, Spencer Wilson, Sabrina E. Sanchez, Tania K. Arora, Tracey Dechert
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Social determinants of health have been shown to be key drivers of disparities in access to surgical care and surgical outcomes. Though the concept of social responsibility has received growing attention in the medical field, little has been published contextualizing social responsibility in surgery. In this narrative review, we define social responsibility as it relates to surgery, explore the duty of surgeons to society, and provide examples of social factors associated with adverse surgical outcomes and how they can be mitigated.The concept of social responsibility in surgery has deep roots in medical codes of ethics and evolved alongside changing views on human rights and the role of social factors in disease. The ethical duty of surgeons to society is based on the ethical principles of benevolence and justice and is grounded within the framework of the social contract. Surgeons have a responsibility to understand how factors such as patient demographics, the social environment, clinician awareness, and the health care system are associated with inequitable patient outcomes. Through education, we can empower surgeons to advocate for their patients, address the causes and consequences of surgical disparities, and incorporate social responsibility into their daily practice.One of the greatest challenges in the field of surgery is ensuring that surgical care is provided in an equitable and sustainable way. Surgeons have a duty to understand the factors that lead to health care disparities and use their knowledge, skills, and privileged position to address these issues at the individual and societal level.
Isatuximab plus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone versus pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (ICARIA-MM): follow-up analysis of a randomised, phase 3 study
Authors: Paul G Richardson, Aurore Perrot, Jesus San-Miguel, Meral Beksac, Ivan Spicka, Xavier Leleu, Fredrik Schjesvold, Philippe Moreau, Meletios A Dimopoulos, Jeffrey Shang-Yi Huang, Jiri Minarik, Michele Cavo, H Miles Prince, Laure Malinge, Franck Dubin, Helgi van de Velde, Kenneth C Anderson
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Impact of age, VR, immersion, and spatial resolution on classifier performance for a MI-based BCI
Authors: D.A. Blanco-Mora, A. Aldridge, C. Jorge, A. Vourvopoulos, P. Figueiredo, S. Bermúdez I Badia
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2022)

There are many factors outlined in the signal processing pipeline that impact brain–computer interface (BCI) performance, but some methodological factors do not depend on signal processing. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research assessing the effect of such factors. Here, we investigate the impact of VR, immersiveness, age, and spatial resolution on the classifier performance of a Motor Imagery (MI) electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCI in naïve participants. We found significantly better performance for VR compared to non-VR (15 electrodes: VR 77.48 ± 6.09%, non-VR 73.5 ± 5.89%, p = 0.0096; 12 electrodes: VR 73.26 ± 5.2%, non-VR 70.87 ± 4.96%, p = 0.0129; 7 electrodes: VR 66.74 ± 5.92%, non-VR 63.09 ± 8.16%, p = 0.0362) and better performance for higher electrode quantity, but no significant differences were found between immersive and non-immersive VR. Finally, there was not a statistically significant correlation found between age and classifier performance, but there was a direct relation found between spatial resolution (electrode quantity) and classifier performance (r = 1, p = 0.0129, VR; r = 0.99, p = 0.0859, non-VR).
Effectiveness of Homologous or Heterologous Covid-19 Boosters in Veterans
Authors: Florian B Mayr, Victor B Talisa, Obaid Shaikh, Sachin Yende, Adeel A Butt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Effectiveness of Homologous or Heterologous Covid-19 Boosters in VeteransTo the Editor: Vaccine effectiveness against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) wanes over time, and boosters are now recommended for residents of the United States starting at the age of 12 years. 1Clinical trials have shown that receipt of a booster that does not match the primary vaccination (heterologous booster) may result in a higher neutralizing-antibody response than the receipt of a matching (homologous) booster, particularly after primary vaccination with an adenoviral-vector vaccine. [2]3][4][5] Whether the choice of booster affects real-world vaccine effectiveness is poorly understood.We performed a study involving 4,806,026 veterans and linked their information to the Veterans Affairs Covid-19 Shared Data Resource, a database that was created in response to the Covid-19 pandemic and that contains information on all veterans with a confirmed laboratory diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.We created two analysis cohorts based on the primary vaccine that each veteran received (adenoviralvector or messenger RNA [mRNA]) to compare the effectiveness of heterologous and homologous boosters.(Details regarding the study participants are provided in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this letter at NEJM.org.)For each participant who had received a heterologous booster, we identified a matched control who had received a homologous booster.Matching was based on age, sex, race, Charlson Comorbidity Index, geographic location, primary vaccine type, week of booster administration, and interval between the primary vaccination and the booster.We calculated adjusted rate ratios and used robust error estimates to de-* Homologous boosters were the same as the primary vaccine, and heterologous boosters were different from the primary vaccine.SARS-CoV-2 denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. † The adjusted rate ratio is for participants who received a heterologous booster as compared with those who received a homologous booster.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring vs Standard Therapy During Maintenance Infliximab Therapy and Control of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Niels Vande Casteele
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nationwide Analysis of Persistent Type II Endoleak and Late Outcomes of Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Japan: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Yoshimasa Seike, Hitoshi Matsuda, Hideyuki Shimizu, Shin Ishimaru, Katsuyuki Hoshina, Nobuaki Michihata, Hideo Yasunaga, Kimihiro Komori
Journal: Circulation (2022)

We reviewed the results of endovascular aneurysm repair in patients from the Japanese Committee for Stentgraft Management registry to determine the significance of persistent type II endoleak (p-T2EL) and the risk of late adverse events, including aneurysm sac enlargement.The prospectively captured medical records of 17 099 patients <75 years of age who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm from 2006 to 2015 were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups (with or without p-T2EL) and compared to examine the correlation between p-T2EL and the occurrence of aneurysm sac enlargement after endovascular aneurysm repair.Of the patients, 4957 (29.0%) had p-T2EL and 12 142 (71.0%) had no p-T2EL (non-T2EL). Mean age was significantly higher (P<0.001), and there were fewer men (P<0.001) in the p-T2EL group. Among comorbidities, hypertension (P=0.019) and chronic kidney disease (P=0.040) were more prevalent and respiratory disorders were less prevalent (P<0.001) in the p-T2EL group. From each group, 4957 patients were matched according to propensity score to adjust for differences in patient characteristics. The cumulative incidence rates of abdominal aortic aneurysm-related mortality (p-T2EL: 52 of 4957 [1.0%] versus non-T2EL: 21 of 12 142 [0.2%]), rupture (p-T2EL: 38 of 4957 [0.8%] versus non-T2EL: 13 of 12 142 [0.1%]), sac enlargement (≥5 mm; p-T2EL: 1359 of 4957 [27.4%] versus non-T2EL: 332 of 12 142 [2.7%]), and reintervention (p-T2EL: 739 of 4957 [14.9%] versus non-T2EL: 91 of 12 142 [0.7%]) were significantly higher in the p-T2EL than the nonpT2EL group (P<0.001). Propensity score matching yielded higher estimated incremental risk, including abdominal aortic aneurysm-related mortality, rupture, sac enlargement (≥5 mm), and reintervention for p-T2EL (P<0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed older age (P=0.010), proximal neck diameter (P=0.003), and chronic kidney disease (P<0.001) as independent positive predictors and male sex as an independent negative predictor (P=0.015) of sac enlargement.The Japanese Committee for Stentgraft Management registry data show a correlation between p-T2EL and late adverse events, including aneurysm sac enlargement, reintervention, rupture, and abdominal aortic aneurysm-related mortality after endovascular aneurysm repair. Besides p-T2EL, older age, female sex, chronic kidney disease, and dilated proximal neck were associated with sac enlargement.
Bedaquiline-Resistant Tuberculosis Associated with <i>Rv0678</i> Mutations
Authors: Shaheed V Omar, Farzana Ismail, Norbert Ndjeka, Koné Kaniga, Nazir A Ismail
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

To the Editor: Bedaquiline is used to treat drugresistant tuberculosis. 1Programmatic use of bedaquiline in South Africa began in 2015 and by March 2020 accounted for just over half of global use.Resistance to bedaquiline was initially reported to be due to target-based mutations in the gene atpE encoding subunit C of the ATP synthase complex. 2 However, non-target-based mutations in the mmpR (Rv0678) gene encoding the MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux pump repressor are increasingly associated with bedaquiline resistance, although some have shown hypersusceptibility. 3 We describe mutations associated with phenotypic resistance to bedaquiline in surveillance isolates identified in South Africa among patients beginning or not responding clinically and microbiologically to a bedaquiline-based regimen.Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Witwatersrand Human Research Ethic Committee.Bedaquiline testing was performed at the World Health Organization supranational tuberculosis reference laboratory in Johannesburg, which is accredited according to the International Organization for Standardization 15189 standards.Bedaquiline phenotypic drug susceptibility was evaluated with the use of previously described methods and criteria for interpretation. 4 Sanger sequencing or whole-genome sequencing, with a mutation-frequency cutoff set at 5%, was used to identify phenotypically resistant isolates as previously described. 5 Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 199 of 3005 isolates (7%) were identified as bedaquilineresistant and were sequenced successfully.More than a quarter of the isolates (52 of 199 [26%]) were from patients who did not have a response to treatment.Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the majority of isolates (130 of 199 [65%]), and all were found to harbor an Rv0678
Patient-Centered Outcomes after General and Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: James P. Rathmell, Michael S. Avidan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

General anesthesia, a state of reversible unconsciousness, is one of the most important advances in medicine, enabling more than 300 million people annually to safely undergo invasive procedures. Concern has emerged that the effects of general anesthesia may not be transient, especially in patients with underlying neurologic disorders. In 1955, on the basis of a retrospective study entitled "Adverse Cerebral Effects of Anaesthesia on Old People,"1 Bedford postulated that anesthetic drugs might damage the brain through synaptic depression and by decreasing cerebral oxygen uptake. He concluded that "operations on elderly people [under general anesthesia] should be confined to unequivocally necessary . . .
Bidirectional Changes in Myocardial <sup>18</sup> F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake After Human Ventricular Unloading
Authors: Tiberiu A. Pana, Jainy Savla, Ingrid Kepinski, Adam Fairbourn, Aneela Afzal, Pradeep Mammen, Mark Drazner, Rathan M. Subramaniam, Chao Xing, Kathryn A. Morton, Stavros G. Drakos, Vlad G. Zaha, Hesham A. Sadek
Journal: Circulation (2022)
FDG PET/CT in Mixed Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Erdheim-Chester Disease
Authors: Victoria T. Ngo, Heidi R. Wassef
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract The histiocytoses arise from hematopoietic bone marrow stem cells or monocytes. They range from limited to disseminated disease. We report a 31-year-old woman with multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). The recognition that pericardial disease was rare in LCH prompted review of the initial limited biopsies, which helped establish a second diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester disease. The increasing recognition of mixed histiocytoses requires searching for Erdheim-Chester disease when a patient is diagnosed with LCH and vice versa. FDG PET/CT can help establish the diagnosis or suggest mixed disease based on the organs involved.
Somatic Mutations Enriched in <i>Cis</i>-Regulatory Elements Affect Genes Involved in Embryonic Development and Immune System Response in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Vito Alessandro Lasorsa, Annalaura Montella, Sueva Cantalupo, Matilde Tirelli, Carmen de Torres, Sanja Aveic, Gian Paolo Tonini, Achille Iolascon, Mario Capasso
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Noncoding cis-regulatory variants have gained interest as cancer drivers, yet progress in understanding their significance is hindered by the numerous challenges and limitations of variant prioritization. To overcome these limitations, we focused on active cis-regulatory elements (aCRE) to design a customized panel for the deep sequencing of 56 neuroblastoma tumor and normal DNA sample pairs. To search for driver mutations, aCREs were defined by reanalysis of H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing peaks in 25 neuroblastoma cell lines. These regulatory genomic regions were tested for an excess of somatic mutations and assessed for statistical significance using a global approach that accounted for chromatin accessibility and replication timing. Additional validation was provided by whole genome sequence analysis of 151 neuroblastomas. Analysis of HiC data determined the presence of candidate target genes interacting with mutated regions. An excess of somatic mutations in aCREs of diverse genes were identified, including IPO7, HAND2, and ARID3A. CRISPR-Cas9 editing was utilized to assess the functional consequences of mutations in the IPO7-aCRE. Patients with noncoding mutations in aCREs showed inferior overall and event-free survival independent of age at diagnosis, stage, risk stratification, and MYCN status. Expression of aCRE-interacting genes correlated strongly with negative prognostic markers and low survival rates. Moreover, a convergence between the biological functions of aCRE target genes and transcription factors with mutated binding motifs was associated with embryonic development and immune system response. Overall, this strategy enabled the identification of somatic mutations in regulatory elements that collectively promote neuroblastoma tumorigenesis.Assessment of noncoding cis-regulatory variants and long-range interaction data highlight the combined effect of somatic mutations in regulatory elements in driving neuroblastoma.
Molecular Phylogeny Reveals the Past Transoceanic Voyages of Drywood Termites (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae)
Authors: Aleš Buček, Menglin Wang, Jan Šobotník, Simon Hellemans, David Sillam-Dussès, Nobuaki Mizumoto, Petr Stiblík, Crystal Clitheroe, Tomer Lu, Juan José González Plaza, Alma Mohagan, Jean-Jacques Rafanomezantsoa, Brian Fisher, Michael S. Engel, Yves Roisin, Theodore A. Evans, Rudolf Scheffrahn, Thomas Bourguignon
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

Abstract Termites are major decomposers in terrestrial ecosystems and the second most diverse lineage of social insects. The Kalotermitidae form the second-largest termite family and are distributed across tropical and subtropical ecosystems, where they typically live in small colonies confined to single wood items inhabited by individuals with no foraging abilities. How the Kalotermitidae have acquired their global distribution patterns remains unresolved. Similarly, it is unclear whether foraging is ancestral to Kalotermitidae or was secondarily acquired in a few species. These questions can be addressed in a phylogenetic framework. We inferred time-calibrated phylogenetic trees of Kalotermitidae using mitochondrial genomes of ∼120 species, about 27% of kalotermitid diversity, including representatives of 21 of the 23 kalotermitid genera. Our mitochondrial genome phylogenetic trees were corroborated by phylogenies inferred from nuclear ultraconserved elements derived from a subset of 28 species. We found that extant kalotermitids shared a common ancestor 84 Ma (75–93 Ma 95% highest posterior density), indicating that a few disjunctions among early-diverging kalotermitid lineages may predate Gondwana breakup. However, most of the ∼40 disjunctions among biogeographic realms were dated at &amp;lt;50 Ma, indicating that transoceanic dispersals, and more recently human-mediated dispersals, have been the major drivers of the global distribution of Kalotermitidae. Our phylogeny also revealed that the capacity to forage is often found in early-diverging kalotermitid lineages, implying the ancestors of Kalotermitidae were able to forage among multiple wood pieces. Our phylogenetic estimates provide a platform for critical taxonomic revision and future comparative analyses of Kalotermitidae.
Advancing Diabetes Prevention and Control in American Indians and Alaska Natives
Authors: Julie E. Lucero, Yvette Roubideaux
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2022)

As with many Indigenous populations globally, American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) experience high rates of type 2 diabetes. Prevention efforts, ongoing medical care, patient self-management education, and support to prevent and reduce the risk of long-term complications must be developed to limit the impact of diabetes on individuals, families, and communities. Diabetes prevention and control require both individual- and community-level efforts as well as policies that attempt to mitigate contributing adverse socioeconomic factors. Congressional funding since 1998 continues to address the epidemic of diabetes in AI/AN groups with the Special Diabetes Program for Indians (SDPI), which has resulted in significant outcomes and key lessons that can inform new efforts to prevent diabetes in other populations and communities. The purpose of this review is to understand the context behind the epidemic of diabetes in AI/ANs, review the impact of the SDPI on prevention and control of diabetes as well as the translation of these strategies into clinical practice and their influence on health practice, and identify lessons learned for future efforts to address this ongoing challenge for AI/AN and other communities suffering from type 2 diabetes.
Abstract P107: Trends In Oral Anticoagulation Therapy In Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients At High-risk Of Stroke After The 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Update For The Management Of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines
Authors: Camille Brod, Nicole Groth, Macaela Rudeck, Catherine P Benziger
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) reduces the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) but is underutilized in high-risk patients. We aimed to assess the impact of the 2019 guideline-recommended use of non-vitamin K OAC (NOACs) as first line therapy over warfarin for high-risk patients with non-valvular AF. Methods: Adult patients at Essentia Health with AF or atrial flutter on their problem list, seen in an ambulatory clinic between 7/1/2020-7/12/2021, were included in the baseline cohort. Patients were excluded if they had moderate to severe rheumatic mitral stenosis or mechanical heart valves, or were deceased or missing 1-year follow-up data. High-risk AF was defined as males with a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 and females with a score ≥3. ATRIA bleed score was calculated using electronic health record data and divided into 3 groups: low-risk (0-3), intermediate (4) or high-risk (5-10). Patients were separated into three groups: warfarin, NOAC, or no OAC therapy. Results: Of the 12,014 patients in the baseline non-valvular AF registry, 8,032 were high-risk (mean age 75.9 ± 9.8 years, 57.5% male). Over half (57.1%, n=4619) were age ≥ 75 years and 63.4% (n=5095) were rural dwelling. Compared to baseline, at 1-year follow up, high-risk AF patients had similar use of any OAC (75.6%; n=6069 at baseline vs. 75.7%; n=6083 at 1-year follow-up). The use of warfarin decreased 2.3% [from 39.3% (n=3160) to 37.0% (n=2973), p &lt;0.001] while NOAC use increased 2.4% [from 36.2% (n=2909) to 38.7% (n=3110; p &lt;0.001]. Eliquis was the most prevalent NOAC prescribed (57.9%; n=1802). At 1-year follow-up, patients with high-risk AF and low-risk ATRIA bleed score, the use of any OAC therapy increased by 0.9% while those at high-risk AF and high-risk ATRIA bleed score, the use of any OAC therapy decreased 1%. In the multivariate logistical model, age, male sex, CHA2DS2-VASc score 4-6, hypertension, stroke/transient ischemic attack/thromboembolism, and cardiology visit within the last 3 years showed an increased association with prescription of any OAC (p&lt;0.05). Vascular disease, high risk ATRIA bleed score, severe renal risk, prior hemorrhage, and left atrial appendage occlusion device (WATCHMAN) had a decreased odds of any OAC use (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Implementation of the 2019 ACC/AHA/HRS guidelines that established NOACs as first line therapy over warfarin for non-valvular AF resulted in a slight increase in NOAC use and decrease in warfarin use in a large high-risk non-valvular AF population. Approximately one in four high risk patients with AF are not on any OAC therapy and may benefit from treatment to reduce thromboembolic risk.