tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Femoral hernias
Authors: H. R. Whalen, G. A. Kidd, P. J. O'Dwyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An overweight 65 year old woman visits her general practitioner with discomfort in her right groin.On examination, the suggestion of a reducible groin lump is noted.She is routinely referred to the surgical outpatient clinic with a possible diagnosis of inguinal hernia.However, two weeks later and before her surgical appointment, she again visits her general practitioner, this time with vomiting, diarrhoea, and colicky abdominal pain.She is immediately referred to the emergency department.An abdominal radiograph shows small bowel obstruction.She is admitted to the surgical ward with a diagnosis of obstructed femoral hernia and has a small bowel resection and emergency hernia repair. Practice PRACTICE How common are femoral hernias?• About 5000 femoral hernia repairs are carried out in the United Kingdom each year • Femoral hernias account for a fifth of all groin hernias in females but less than 1% of groin hernias in males • The 40% of femoral hernias that present acutely are associated with a 10-fold increased risk of mortality 1 2
Host Reactive Donor T Cells Are Associated With Lung Injury After Experimental Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Kenneth R. Cooke, Werner Krenger, Geoff Hill, Thomas R. Martin, Lester Kobzik, Joanne Brewer, Raymond Simmons, James M. Crawford, Marcel R.M. van den Brink, James L.M. Ferrara
Journal: Blood (1998)
Cardiovascular Outcomes in the AFFIRM Trial (Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management)
Authors: Sanjeev Saksena, April Slee, Albert L. Waldo, Nick Freemantle, Mathew Reynolds, Yves Rosenberg, Snehal Rathod, Shannon Grant, Elizabeth Thomas, D. George Wyse
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Fistulas in Crohn’s Disease as a Complication of the Underlying Disease
Authors: A. Eimiller
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Endoscopic fibrin sealing for the occlusion of fistulas in Crohn's disease was first used in 1985 in a young female patient with an active phase of inflammation and a fresh rectovaginal fistula. In the setting of a prospective study 15 more cases of patients with fistulas were treated in this way.
Abstract 5908: Prognostic Significance of Poor Sleep Quality in Patients Referred to a Heart Failure Clinic
Authors: Gaurav Mathur, Kevin Goode, Alan Rigby, Thanjavur Bragadeesh, Damien Cullington, Andrew Clark, John G Cleland
Journal: Circulation (2008)

PURPOSE To assess whether poor sleep quality carries prognostic significance for patients with suspected heart failure (HF). METHODS Data from patients referred to a HF clinic between July 2001 and October 2006 was analysed in a Cox Regression model to assess the prognostic significance of sleep quality. Patient responses for 3 questions addressing sleep quality (difficulty going to sleep, waking up in the night, and lack of refreshing sleep) were used to generate a sleep quality score (SQS) of 1 (none or minimal sleep impairment, N= 1054); 2 (mild to moderate sleep impairment, N= 908); or 3 (severe sleep impairment, N= 644). RESULTS Of 2606 patients, 59% were male. Median age was 72 yrs (Interquartile range (IQR) 65–78). There were 549 deaths during a median follow up of 37.5 months (IQR 26–46.4). Kaplan Meier survival curves showed that SQS 3 was associated with significantly worse prognosis (Figure 1 ), and this association persisted despite correction for age, sex, NYHA class, severity of LV systolic dysfunction, BMI, pulse pressure, lab parameters (sodium, creatinine, haemoglobin, NTproBNP, CRP and cholesterol), medication use (loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, statins and aldosterone antagonists) and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, AF, IHD, COPD and CVA)(Table 1 ). CONCLUSION Poor sleep quality is an independent prognostic marker in patients referred to a HF clinic. Cox Regression Analysis: Significant prognostic indicators
The Philosophy of the Eye, being a Familiar Exposition of its Mechanism, and of the Phenomena of Vision, with a view to the Evidence of Design
Authors: John Walker
Journal: BMJ (1842)

Although this work is in some degree calculated for the general reader, it will be highly useful to the medical student as an interesting and attractive introduction to the anatomy and physiology of the eye.Indeed it contains more information in both these departments than any single book which is likely to fall into the hands of practitioners generally, and we therefore recommend it to their notice.The plan of the treatise is good, the matter choice and well arranged, and every point of the least intricacy or difficulty is illustrated by excellent woodcuts.The constant references to design in the structure and functions of the wonderful organ of which it treats is none of its least recommendations as a work to be put into the hand of the younger members of our profession.
Abstract 3486: Albuminuria is Associated with Angiographically Determined Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Philipp Rein, Christoph H Saely, Alexander Vonbank, Stefan Beer, Heinz Drexel
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction : In spite of the overwhelming evidence linking albuminuria to cardiovascular events, data on its relationship to atherosclerosis are scarce and conflicting. It is still unclear whether albuminuria is associated with a particular phase of the atherothrombotic process. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that albuminuria is associated with angiographically determined coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was determined and the eGFR was calculated by the quadratic Mayo Clinic equation in a large population of 907 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of CAD. Results: From our patients, 297 had an eGFR &lt;90ml/min/1.73m 2 , and 212 had albuminuria (ACR ≥30 mg/g). When compared to subjects with both normal eGFR and normal urinary albumin excretion (n = 494), the prevalence of significant coronary stenoses (i.e. stenoses with lumen narrowing ≥50%) was significantly higher in patients with normal eGFR and albuminuria (n = 116) and in those with decreased eGFR and albuminuria (n = 96), but similar in those (n = 201) who had decreased eGFR but not albuminuria (52.8 vs. 65.5%, p = 0.013; 52.8 vs. 65.6%, p = 0.021; and 52.8 vs. 47.3%.; p = 0.183, respectively). Concordantly, in logistic regression analysis the ACR but not the eGFR predicted significant coronary stenoses after multivariate adjustment, with standardized adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 1.27 [95% CI 1.03 – 1.58]; p = 0.027 and 1.05 [0.89 – 1.28]; p = 0.61, respectively. The association between the ACR and significant coronary stenoses remained significant after further adjustment for eGFR (OR = 1.30 [1.04 – 1.62]; p = 0.021). Conclusions: In conclusion, albuminuria is strongly associated with angiographically determined coronary atherosclerosis, independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and of the eGFR.
Maintenance Therapy With Decitabine After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation For Acute Myeloid Leukemia and High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Iskra Pusic, Jaebok Choi, Noel Bernabe, Camille N. Abboud, Peter Westervelt, Ravi Vij, Amanda F Cashen, Geoffrey L. Uy, Keith E. Stockerl-Goldstein, John F. Dipersio
Journal: Blood (2013)
2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) acts directly on tumor cells and in the bone marrow microenvironment to overcome drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) cells.
Authors: D Chauhan, M Sattler, GL Li, T Hideshima, R LeBlanc, L Catley, D Gupta, P Richardson, RL Schlossman, N Munshi, KC Anderson
Journal: Blood (2001)
Preliminary results of a randomized phase III trial comparing streptozotocin plus fluorouracil versus interferon for metastatic carcinoid tumors (FNCLCC - FFCD 9710)
Authors: J. F. Seitz, L. Dahan, P. Rougier, J. L. Raoul, E. Gamelin, P. L. Etienne, G. Cadiot, D. Smith, F. Ricard, F. Bonnetain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

4090 Background: Streptozotocin and 5 FU in combination is widely used for the treatment of advanced carcinoids tumors. Interferon is an effective treatment of the malignant carcinoids tumors. This randomized multicenter phase III trial compared those treatments in patients with metastatic carcinoïd tumors. Methods: Patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors, clinical or biological progression, WHO status 0–2 (PS) and age ≤ 75 years were randomized 1:1 between interferon alpha 2a recombinant (3MU × 3 per weeks) and 5FU (400 mg/m 2 /day day1 to day5) plus streptozotocin (500 mg/m 2 /day day1 to day5) every 6 weeks. Stratification was done according to center, PS and anterior treatment. Primary endpoint was progression free-survival (PFS). It was required to include 120 pts and to observe 38 progressions to detect an expected improvement in 1year PFS from 55% to 80% (bilateral α = 5 % and β = 20 %). Secondary endpoints included 1-year and 2-year overall survival (OS). Intent to treat analyses were performed. Results: From February 1998 to june 2004, in 23 centers, 63 patients has been included, 32 in 5FU-STZ arm and 32 in interferon arm: median age (59 years [37–77] vs 63 [39–75]), male/female ratio (1.2 vs 1), PS 0–1 (91% vs 97%), anterior chemotherapy (13% vs 16%), surgery (69% vs 59%), radiotherapy (6% vs 0%) are well balanced between arms. The median number of 5FU-STZ and Interferon cycles was respectively 5 and 4. After a median follow-up of 26 months, the median OS for interferon was 44.3 months versus 37.7 months for chemotherapy: HR = 0.90 [0.43–1.90]; 1- year and 2-year survival rates were 89% and 72% for interferon versus 84% and 73% for chemotherapy. Conclusions: Interferon alpha 2a does not prolong OS in advanced metastatic carcinoid tumors as compared to the combination of 5FU-streptozotocin. After checking clinical and biological progression, PFS analyses will be presented at the meeting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 981: High-Sensitivity Troponin Reliably Excludes Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Acute Chest Pain: Results from the Rule Out Myocardial Infarction by Computed Tomography (ROMICAT) Study
Authors: Wolfgang Koenig, Fabian Bamberg, Hang Lee, Quynh A Truong, John H Nichols, Gerlinde Trischler, David A Morrow, Tobias J Nagurney, Udo Hoffmann
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Objective: To evaluate a new high sensitivity (hs) troponin T assay in patients with acute chest pain and low to intermediate risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: We included consecutiv...
Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis
Authors: Katsuya Nonomura, Hidehiro Kakizaki, Takashi Shibata, Kimihiko Moriya
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Testicular dysgenesis derives from abnormal gonadal differentiation caused by sex chromosome abnormality. Individuals with sex chromosomal mosaicism manifest diverse phenotypes from phenotypic females and individuals with mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) to males. Gonadal asymmetry in MGD is cytogenetically due to local prevalence of cell lines carrying different karyotypes; XO in the streak gonad and XY in the dysgenetic testis while sex chromosome abnormalities in blood do not always reflect the genital abnormalities. Gender assignment should be based on the potential for normal function of the external genitalia under the parents agreement. Laparoscopic and microscopic surgery facilitates the diagnosis and treatment in infants with MGD and its variants. Close follow-up is mandatory for detecting the highly prevalent gonadal tumor in male subjects.
Abstract 19387: Angioplasty of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions is Not Associated with Improved Survival Compared With Elective Medical Therapy: a Propensity Matched Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Andrew Ladwiniec, Victoria Allgar, Simon Thackray, Farquad Alamgir, Angela Hoye
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Although an association between improved survival and successful PCI of chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) compared with failed PCI has been widely reported, there is little published data reporting outcomes for those found to have a CTO which is electively treated medically versus those treated by PCI; a comparison which is more pertinent to clinical decision making. Our aim was to compare long-term clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients with an identified CTO on angiography between these two treatment groups. We hypothesised there would be a significant difference in all-cause mortality at 5 year follow-up. Methods: Patients found to have a CTO on angiography between 2002 and 2008, without prior CABG or important structural heart disease in a single tertiary centre were identified using a dedicated database. Patients undergoing CTO PCI and elective medical therapy to the CTO were propensity matched to adjust for baseline clinical and angiographic differences. Events at follow-up were identified using national death certification records and national registries for myocardial infarction, CABG and PCI. Comparisons were stratified by matched pair. Results: In total 1957 patients were identified, a CTO was treated by PCI in 405(20.7%) and medical therapy in 667(34.1%), 885(45.2%) patients underwent CABG. Of those treated by PCI or medical therapy, propensity score matching identified 389 pairs of patients. PCI was successful in 238 patients (61.2%). There was no difference in the primary study objective of 5 year mortality between the propensity matched treatment groups (CTO PCI: 10.8%, medical therapy: 15.7%; HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.49 to 1.11; p=0.146). There remained no difference if only the 238 matched pairs in which CTO PCI was successful were included (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.42; p=0.493). There was an increase in repeat revascularization associated with CTO PCI (HR 2.18; 95% CI 1.49-3.18; p&lt;0.001). This difference was not present in the successful PCI matched pair subgroup (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.45-1.37; p=0.397). Conclusions: Using an alternative approach to much of the existing literature, we did not demonstrate an associated difference in survival between patients with a CTO treated by PCI versus those in whom the CTO was treated medically.
Abstract 2013: Long Term Clinical Prognosis of Provocation Positive Variant Angina
Authors: Hyun jong lee, Jin ho Choi, Ji han Park, Soo Hee Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Young Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Joon-Hyung Doh, Sung yoon Lee, Myeng gon Kim, Seung Hyuk Choi, Sang Hoon Lee
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background Although coronary vasospasm provocation test is widely performed in daily clinical practice, data regarding the long term prognosis of variant angina is still limited. Methods We retrospectively investigated clinical consequence of 1,736 patients who underwent elective diagnostic coronary angiography and vasospasm provocation test for the evaluation of chest pain from Sep 1994 to Dec 2006. Variant angina was defined by decrease of anterograde coronary flow less than TIMI 2, or new development of severe coronary stenosis (diameter stenosis &gt; 90%) accompanied by typical angina pain and corresponding EKG change provoked by ergonovine intracoronary infusion, followed by nitroglycerin infusion and resolution of vasospasm. Patients who developed spontaneous spasm without provocation or underwent revascularization were excluded. Results Provocation test was positive in 723 patients and negative in 1,013 patients. Median follow-up period was 1452 days (interquartile range: 711 − 2606), which was not different between two groups. 5-year all major adverse cardiac event (MACE)-free, death-free, and revascularization-free survival was significantly lower in positive provocation group compared to negative group (90.0% versus 95.4%, 92.9% versus 95.7%, 96.8% versus 99.6%, p&lt;0.05 by log-rank test), and cardiac death-free survival was marginally lower in positive provocation group (96.9% versus 98.7%, p=0.051). Although positive provocation group showed higher incidence of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and significantly fixed stenosis in major coronary arteries (frequency: 19.4% versus 8.2%), multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard model revealed that positive provocation test is still an independent predictor of MACE (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion Our result shows that positive provocation test might be associated with adverse outcome in chest pain patients. It suggests that long term medical care should be provided for patients with positive provocation test.
Abstract 8575: Effects of Permanent Left Atrial Pacing in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction.
Authors: Gabriel Laurent, Jean Christophe Eicher, Anaelle Mathe, Géraldine Bertaux, Olivier Barthez, Clotilde Billard Philip, Régine Debin Duvernay, Fabien Garnier, Jean Luc Philip, Jean Eric Wolf
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Although numerous patients are suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF), no specific treatments have been shown to be efficient as the underlying mechanisms involved in this entity are still poorly understood. We hypothesized that inter-atrial conduction delay (IACD) associated with a short left atrio-ventricular interval (LAVI) may impair left ventricular active filling as it reduces the left atrium “kick” which occurs against the closing mitral valve. We assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of left atrial pacing therapy as a new treatment to restore the left ventricular active filling in severe HFPEF patients with IACD and a short LAVI. Methods Six NYHA class III patients with severe HFPEF and no other cause for heart failure symptoms than a short LAVI with IACD were implanted with pacemakers for left atrial permanent stimulation via the coronary sinus (lead screwed inside the Cs at 1 to 2 cm from the ostium). All patients were in sinus rhythm with an IACD defined as a p wave prolongation greater than 120ms in lead II, normal QRS interval. During electrophysiological (EP) studies, they all had a left atrio-ventricular interval (LAVI) shorter than 70ms. None of them had a standard indication for pacemaker implantation. This double-blind, randomized, crossover study compared the responses of the patients during two periods: a two-week period of inactive pacing (ventricular inhibited pacing at a basic rate of 30 bpm) and a two-week period of active (left atrial permanent pacing with dedicated algorithm for AF prevention). The primary end point was the distance walked in six minutes (6MWD). The secondary endpoint was the patient's treatment preference. Results During the inactive phase, two patients developed an acute heart failure 24 and 72 hours after the pacemaker was turned off. The mean (±SD) distance walked in six minutes was 21 percent greater with active pacing (237 ± 30m vs. 187 ± 18m, P&lt;0.001). Active pacing was preferred by 100 percent of the patients. Conclusions Although the beneficial effects of left atrial permanent pacing need to to be confirmed by larger studies, this new pacing strategy may improve exercise tolerance in patients with HFPEF and short left atrio-ventricular interval.
Distinctive expression pattern of the BCL-6 protein in nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease
Authors: B Falini, B Bigerna, L Pasqualucci, M Fizzotti, MF Martelli, S Pileri, A Pinto, A Carbone, S Venturi, R Pacini, G Cattoretti, E Pescarmona, F Lo Coco, PG Pelicci, I Anagnastopoulos, R Dalla-Favera, L Flenghi
Journal: Blood (1996)
Abstract 5211: Identification of a Direct Substrate of Thioredoxin 1 in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Shinichi Oka, Dan Shao, Hong Li, Junichi Sadhoshima
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), a 12 kD anti-oxidant, reduces oxidized proteins by transferring electrons from its conserved cysteine residues (Cys-32 and Cys-35) to its targets, a reaction termed the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction. Trx1 inhibits pathological hypertrophy in the heart, which is in part mediated by reduction of DnaJb5 and class II histone deacetylases. Thus, the goal in this study was to identify additional redox-sensitive targets of Trx1 in cardiac myocytes. When Trx1 reduces its target, Cys-32 in the catalytic center transiently forms an intermolecular disulfide bond with substrate proteins, which is in turn reduced by Cys-35. Thus, Trx1C35S, a Trx1 mutant, is expected to act as a substrate trapping mutant due to an incomplete dithiol-disulfide exchange reaction. To identify direct substrate proteins of Trx1 in cardiac myocytes, Flag-Trx1C35S-HA was expressed in cultured cardiac myocytes with adenovirus transduction. After myocytes were treated with H 2 O 2 , proteins trapped by Flag-Trx1C35S-HA were immunoprecipitated with anti-HA antibody. No protein was trapped when Flag-Trx1CC32/35SS-HA was used, suggesting that the trapping is Cys-32-dependent. Trapped substrates were separated by non-reducing SDS-PAGE and then subjected to mass spectrometry. We identified rat peroxiredoxin 1 (Prdx1), a Trx1-dependent peroxidase, as a major protein trapped by Flag-Trx1C35S-HA in hydrogen peroxide treated cardiac myocytes. Overexpression of Trx1 inhibited H 2 O 2 -induced oxidation of Prdx1 in cells in vitro (Oxidized/Reduced form of Prdx1: control 1.58, Trx1 overexpression 0.7), confirming that Prdx1 is reduced by Trx1. In order to identify in vivo targets of Trx1, transgenic mice (Tg) with cardiac specific expression of Flag-Trx1C35S-HA were generated. Heart homogenates obtained from Tg-Flag-Trx1C35S-HA mice were subjected to immunoprecipitation with anti-HA antibody and separated by non-reducing SDS-PAGE. Subsequent immunoblot analyses showed that Prdx1 was among the proteins trapped by Flag-Trx1C35S-HA in vivo . Thus, using a new Trx1 substrate trapping assay, we identified Prdx1 as a major direct substrate of Trx1 in cardiac myocytes both in vitro and in vivo .
Trials of adequate size are possible with the right organisation
Authors: P. Brocklehurst, D. Elbourne, J. Garcia, R. McCandlish
Journal: BMJ (1996)

screening would raise, or the costs of providing a service for women who would not consider termination of pregnancy.We may be able to screen, and might potentially be able to do it cost effectively, but should we do it and, if so, how?
Manic-depressive illness among poor urban blacks
Authors: B E Jones, B A Gray, E B Parson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

In psychiatric epidemiology it has generally been accepted that manic-depressive illness rarely occurs among blacks and lower socioeconomic groups. The authors conducted a retrospective study to examine the frequency of manic-depressive illness among lower income urban blacks admitted to an acute psychiatric inpatient unit of an urban hospital. The medical records of a random sample of 117 black psychiatric patients were reviewed for determination of manic-depressive illness as well as socioeconomic characteristics. Eighteen subjects (15%) were diagnosed as manic-depressive. The authors present possible explanations for this finding and the ramifications for future investigations.