tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Masks Cut Secondary SARS-CoV-2 Infections by Half
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Masks Cut Secondary SARS-CoV-2 Infections by HalfAfter exposure to someone with SARS-CoV-2 infection, an uninfected person's risk of infection is cut in half if both people wore masks, researchers reported in Emerging Infectious Diseases.Public health authorities in Johnson County, Iowa, launched their study after the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) in September 2020 overrode the CDC's recommended 14-day quarantine following exposure to SARS-CoV-2.(The CDC has since loosened its quarantine recommendations.)Instead, the IDPH advised that, if both were properly masked, contacts of people with the infection could just monitor their symptoms for 14 days rather than quarantine.Concerned about an increased risk of transmission, the authorities set out to examine masks' efficacy in reducing transmission and whether the IDPH's relaxed recommendation was appropriate.Between October 2020 and February 2021, they collected data on mask use among 431 SARS-CoV-2 cases and 966 contacts with conclusive SARS-CoV-2 test results.About 1 in 5 contacts tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.The infection rate rose to about 26% if the infected person, their contact, or both were unmasked but dropped to about
Summer Olympics to be under ozone cloud
Authors: M. Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Athletes participating in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles can expect to be bathed in much more than national honor and adulation. According to experts from California's Air Resources Board, the athletes can also expect about 2,000 tons per day of total organic gases, 1,300 tons per day of nitrogen oxides, 400 tons per day of sulfur oxides, and 1,500 tons per day of particulates to rain about their heads. These materials, when held in by high mountain rims and warmed by sunny days, are ideal for making ozone smog—the highest concentrations in the world —just in time for the Olympic season. In sketching this gritty scenario, Spencer Duckworth, assistant chief, technical services division, Air Resources Board, told the meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine in Bal Harbour, Fla, that during July and August, stage 1 ozone episodes (20 parts per hundred million [pphm]) occur four out
Trial in progress: Durvalumab and olaparib for the treatment of prostate cancer in men predicted to have a high neoantigen load.
Authors: Alexandra Sokolova, Roman Gulati, Heather H. Cheng, Tomasz M. Beer, Julie N Graff, Melanie Amador, Andrea Toulouse, Kamilah Taylor, Shawna Bailey, Steven Smith, Shaadi Tabatabaei, Ryan Sinit, Rachel Slottke, Jacqueline Vuky, Todd Yezefski, Petros Grivas, Evan Y. Yu, Michael Thomas Schweizer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS202 Background: Approximately 30% of patients (pts) treated with definitive surgical and/or radiation therapy for localized prostate adenocarcinoma develop biochemical recurrence (BCR). The optimal time to initiate androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for such patients is controversial and depends on patient and provider preference, absolute PSA value, and PSA doubling time (PSADT), which has been associated with time to metastasis. Because the time from BCR to metastasis can be long in many cases, strategies allowing pts to avoid ADT while extending metastasis-free survival are desirable. Prior studies have shown that a high tumor neoantigen load correlates with response to anti-PD(L)1. We hypothesized that PARP inhibitor-induced genomic instability may sensitize tumors to anti-PD(L)1 through: i) increasing mutational burden and subsequent tumor neoantigen formation, and/or ii) through activation of other immunogenic pathways (e.g. the STING pathway). This trial investigates an ADT-sparing approach for men predicted to have high neoantigen load and who have BCR prostate cancer. Methods: This is a phase 2 clinical trial testing durvalumab (1500 mg IV every 4 weeks) and olaparib (300 mg PO twice a day) (one cycle = 4 weeks) in men with BCR (PSADT≤10 months) whose tumors are predicted to have high neoantigen load based on: biallelic CDK12 mutations (Cohort A), mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd)/high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) (Cohort B), or loss of function mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes (Cohort C). Cohorts A and B will receive 3 cycles of durvalumab followed by 3 cycles of the combination of durvalumab and olaparib. Given the proven efficacy of olaparib in prostate cancer patient whose tumors posses an HRR gene mutation, Cohort C will receive 6 full cycles of the combination. Ten patients will be enrolled in each cohort (total n = 30) at two collaborating sites. This study was designed to provide preliminary efficacy data across eligible cohorts, with a primary objective of estimating the proportion of pts with an undetectable PSA at 12 months within each cohort. Secondary objectives include safety, proportion of patients with ≥50% decline in PSA from baseline and quality of life measures. Correlative studies will assess blood and tissue molecular biomarkers for association with outcomes. The study is open with two patients enrolled at the time of abstract submission. Clinical trial information: NCT04336943.
Announcements
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Hellmuth Freyberger, Harald-J. Freyberger, Julian Iancu, Moshe Kotler, Baruch Spivak, Margaret Radwan, Avraham Weizman, K. Lovell, I.M. Marks, H. Noshirvani, G. O'Sullivan, Mark A. Lumley, Karen Downey, Laurence Stettner, Francine Wehmer, Ovide F. Pomerleau, Per Høglend, Oscar Heyerdahl, Thomas Middelboe, Lars Ovesen, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Per Bech, M. Ercolani, G. Trombini, R. Chattat, C. Cervini, G. Piergiacomi, F. Salaffi, S. Zeni, R. Marcolongo, Lluisa Garcia, Manuel Valdés, Inmaculada Jódar, Nadine Riesco, Tomás de Flores, Giulia Perini, Michele Zara, Roberto Cipriani, Christian Carraro, Antonio Preti, Franco Gava, Paola Coghi, Andrea Peserico, O. Todarello, A. Casamassima, M. Marinaccio, M.W. La Pesa, L. Caradonna, L. Valentino, L. Marinaccio, Vanja Blomkvist, Töres Theorell, Hans Jonsson, Sam Schulman, Erik Berntorp, Lennart Stiegendal, Joel A. Pava, Maurizio Fava, Janet A. Levenson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)
SarcTrack
Authors: Christopher N. Toepfer, Arun Sharma, Marcelo Cicconet, Amanda C. Garfinkel, Michael Mücke, Meraj Neyazi, Jon A.L. Willcox, Radhika Agarwal, Manuel Schmid, Jyoti Rao, Jourdan Ewoldt, Olivier Pourquié, Anant Chopra, Christopher S. Chen, Jonathan G. Seidman, Christine E. Seidman
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in combination with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing provide unparalleled opportunities to study cardiac biology and disease. However, sarcomeres, the fundamental units of myocyte contraction, are immature and nonlinear in hiPSC-CMs, which technically challenge accurate functional interrogation of contractile parameters in beating cells. Furthermore, existing analysis methods are relatively low-throughput, indirectly assess contractility, or only assess well-aligned sarcomeres found in mature cardiac tissues.
Targeting a proteolytic neoepitope on CUB domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) for RAS-driven cancers
Authors: Shion A Lim, Jie Zhou, Alexander J Martinko, Yung-Hua Wang, Ekaterina V Filippova, Veronica Steri, Donghui Wang, Soumya G Remesh, Jia Liu, Byron Hann, Anthony A Kossiakoff, Michael J Evans, Kevin K Leung, James A Wells
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Extracellular proteolysis is frequently dysregulated in disease and can generate proteoforms with unique neoepitopes not found in healthy tissue. Here, we demonstrate that Abs that selectively recognize a proteolytic neoepitope on CUB domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) could enable more effective and safer treatments for solid tumors. CDCP1 is highly overexpressed in RAS-driven cancers, and its ectodomain is cleaved by extracellular proteases. Biochemical, biophysical, and structural characterization revealed that the 2 cleaved fragments of CDCP1 remain tightly associated with minimal proteolysis-induced conformational change. Using differential phage display, we generated recombinant Abs that are exquisitely selective to cleaved CDCP1 with no detectable binding to the uncleaved form. These Abs potently targeted cleaved CDCP1-expressing cancer cells as an Ab-drug conjugate, an Ab-radionuclide conjugate, and a bispecific T cell engager. In a syngeneic pancreatic tumor model, these cleaved-specific Abs showed tumor-specific localization and antitumor activity with superior safety profiles compared with a pan-CDCP1 approach. Targeting proteolytic neoepitopes could provide an orthogonal "AND" gate for improving the therapeutic index.
Gastro-Enterostomy
Authors: T. K. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1891)

It will he seenl that nione of the four specimens of sputum *xposed to freslh air anid light on a dry soil conveyed the disease, but one of the tliree portions exposed under similar conditionis in (larkness produced tubercle.Of the two expose(d in thle (ottage in Ancoats in the light, one pro- duced tubercle an(l tlhe other was doubtful; and of the two specimenis exposedl in the same place in comparative dark- iess, onle( causedl tubercle, tlie other didc not.Lastly, the specimeni placefd in the vent[ilating slhaft from a ward in the consumnption lhospital, Bowdon, on a dry soil, conveyed the disease; but tlie portion removed from it after ten days, and *exposed to the action of ozoniised oxygein, did not produce -;tuhercle.
Pediatric Emergency Department Visits Associated with Mental Health Conditions Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 2019–January 2022
Authors: Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, Rebecca T. Leeb, Rebecca H. Bitsko, Kelly Carey, Abigail Gates, Kristin M. Holland, Kathleen P. Hartnett, Aaron Kite-Powell, Jourdan DeVies, Amanda R. Smith, Katharina L. van Santen, Sophia Crossen, Michael Sheppard, Samantha Wotiz, Rashon I. Lane, Rashid Njai, Amelia G. Johnson, Amber Winn, Hannah L. Kirking, Loren Rodgers, Craig W. Thomas, Karl Soetebier, Jennifer Adjemian, Kayla N. Anderson
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

In 2021, a national emergency* for children's mental health was declared by several pediatric health organizations, and the U.S. Surgeon General released an advisory† on mental health among youths. These actions resulted from ongoing concerns about children's mental health in the United States, which was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic (1,2). During March-October 2020, among all emergency department (ED) visits, the proportion of mental health-related visits increased by 24% among U.S. children aged 5-11 years and 31% among adolescents aged 12-17 years, compared with 2019 (2). CDC examined changes in U.S. pediatric ED visits for overall mental health conditions (MHCs) and ED visits associated with specific MHCs (depression; anxiety; disruptive behavioral and impulse-control disorders; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; trauma and stressor-related disorders; bipolar disorders; eating disorders; tic disorders; and obsessive-compulsive disorders [OCD]) during 2019 through January 2022 among children and adolescents aged 0-17 years, overall and by sex and age. After declines in weekly visits associated with MHCs among those aged 0-17 years during 2020, weekly numbers of ED visits for MHCs overall and for specific MHCs varied by age and sex during 2021 and January 2022, when compared with corresponding weeks in 2019. Among adolescent females aged 12-17 years, weekly visits increased for two of nine MHCs during 2020 (eating disorders and tic disorders), for four of nine MHCs during 2021 (depression, eating disorders, tic disorders, and OCD), and for five of nine MHCs during January 2022 (anxiety, trauma and stressor-related disorders, eating disorders, tic disorders, and OCD), and overall MHC visits during January 2022, compared with 2019. Early identification and expanded evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies are critical to improving children's and adolescents' mental health (1-3), especially among adolescent females, who might have increased need.
Annals Graphic Medicine - Med School Valentine
Authors: Lucy Chisler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives18 February 2020Annals Graphic Medicine - Med School ValentineFREELucy Chisler, BALucy Chisler, BAPortland, Oregon (L.C.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G19-0055 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Portland, Oregon (L.C.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G19-0055.Author/Illustrator Information: Lucy Chisler is an aspiring child psychiatrist and in her final year of medical school. Some of the puns and pithy phrases that occurred to her while studying her preclinical coursework lent themselves well to valentines. She draws a set of 25 each year.This article was published at Annals.org on 11 February 2020. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 February 2020Volume 172, Issue 4Page: W64-W68KeywordsChild psychiatryConflicts of interestDisclosureHealth care ePublished: 11 February 2020 Issue Published: 18 February 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Dermepenthesis
Authors: G. F. Cadogan-Masterman
Journal: BMJ (1888)

THE BPJTIBH MEDICAL JOIRNAE.187 iodoform), and by external applications (as by inhalations of enca.lyptol); and the application and influence of the antiseptic should be complete, continuous, and prolonged. DERMEPENTHESIS.(AlpFa-g-riv0rats.)By G. F. CADOGAN-MASTERMAN, L
Analgesic Nephropathy
Authors: D. P. E. Kingsley, B. Goldberg, C. Abrahams, A. J. Meyers, K. I. Furman, I. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Sixty-six patients were seen from January 1963 to December 1970 in whom a diagnosis of analgesic nephropathy was made. The ratio of women to men was 2.7:1 and women presented at an earlier age. Over 60% of patients had or developed urinary tract infection and over one-third presented with serum urea levels over 300 mg/100 ml. Hypertension was present in 60% of patients and almost 20% had a history of peptic ulcer; hysterectomy had been done in 35% of the women. Most patients improved initially but more than half of those followed up died within five years of presentation. A direct relation was found between prognosis and the degree of functional renal impairment at presentation. Hypertension appeared to have an adverse effect on prognosis but no relation of prognosis to papillary necrosis, infection, or surgical procedures was found.
Mediastinal cryptococcoma
Authors: P Sinha, K G Naik, G P Bhagwat
Journal: Thorax (1978)

<b>Sinha, P, Naik, K G, and Bhagwat, G P (1978).</b><i>Thorax,</i><b>33,</b> 657-659. <b>Mediastinal cryptococcoma.</b> This communication deals with an unusual presentation of cryptococcoma as a mediastinal mass infiltrating the airways and great vessels.
Apexcardiography
Authors: S. Kumar
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article by Cosby et al on late complications of myocardial infarction (236:1717, 1976). The authors have very succinctly described the problems faced both by the patient and his physician following an acute myocardial infarction. As the authors correctly point out, the state of left ventricular function is one of the most important determinants in the long-term prognosis of these patients. Whereas all the techniques discussed by them (invasive and noninvasive) are invaluable in the assessment of left ventricular function, I am a bit surprised that no mention was made of apexcardiography. This is a simple, noninvasive technique, and with practice and patience, a satisfactory apexcardiogram can be obtained in more than 90% of the cases. The technique can be repeated frequently with little discomfort to the patient, and graphic records may be kept for future comparison. With the well-established dynamic measurements of
Impact of care fragmentation in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.
Authors: Carlos Riveros, Victor Chalfant, KC Balaji
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

468 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, the impact of care fragmentation on the outcomes of patients receiving NAC and RC for MIBC is not well defined. Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for adult (≥18 years old) patients with cT2-T4aN0M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder receiving NAC followed by RC between 2004 and 2017. Patients were dichotomized based on whether they received fragmented care (FC, defined as receiving NAC at a different facility from RC) or integrated care (IC, defined as receiving NAC and RC at a single facility). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the two groups based on demographic and therapeutic profiles. Overall survival was compared between patients who received FC versus IC. Statistical analyses include Chi-squared tests, t-tests, Kaplan-Meier with log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 5054 patients received NAC followed by RC: 1848 (36.6%) received FC and 3206 (63.4%) received IC. Greater travel distance, private insurance, and treatment at a community cancer program were associated with FC whereas age, sex, race, median income, education level, rurality, and comorbidity burden were not. While patients who received FC had a longer time to initiation of NAC (40 vs. 37 days, p&lt; 0.001), there was no significant difference in median overall survival (OS) (84.3 vs. 92.8 months, p= 0.37). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, age, comorbidity burden, stage, lymphovascular invasion, and surgical margins were associated with OS, while FC was not (hazard ratio: 1.03; 95% confidence interval 0.94-1.13; p= 0.51). Conclusions: Although care fragmentation was associated with a slight delay in the initiation of NAC, long-term survival rates were similar between the FC and IC groups.[Table: see text]
IMPACT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON PLATELET FUNCTION PROFILES IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ON DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY
Authors: Davide Capodanno, Esther Bernardo, David Vivas, Jose’ Luis Ferreiro, Manel Sabate’, Pilar-Jimenez Quevedo, Masafumi Ueno, Kodlipet Dharmashankar, Fernando Alfonso, Theodore Bass, Carlos Macaya, Antonio Fernandez-Ortiz, Dominick J. Angiolillo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Incomplete Author Name
Authors: Benjamin Tolchin, Steve Martino, Lawrence Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Nilay S. Shah, MD, MPH; Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM; Martin O’Flaherty, MD, MSc, PhD; Simon Capewell, DSc, MD, MBBS; Kiarri Kershaw, PhD; Mercedes Carnethon, PhD; Sadiya S. Khan, MD, MSc
Excerpts and Summary of a National Conference on Medical Devices
Journal: JAMA (1969)

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Association of household net worth with healthcare utilization in 90-day window after radical cystectomy using real-world data.
Authors: Samuel L. Washington, Peter Eoin Lonergan, Anobel Y. Odisho, Maxwell Meng, Sima P. Porten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

444 Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) remains the gold standard for muscle invasive bladder cancer yet confers significant healthcare costs. Prior work on the impact of costs commonly relied on comparisons by insurance status (yes/no) and income, a partial proxy for net worth, ie one’s net economic standing or value of financial assets minus liabilities. Few have examined the relationship between net worth and encounter type. Methods: We identified commercially insured Black, White, Asian, and Hispanic patients who underwent radical cystectomy between January 1, 2007 to April 10, 2021 in The OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a longitudinal, real-world data asset with de-identified administrative claims and electronic health record data. Demographics and costs included household net worth, health plan costs, out of pocket costs, and total healthcare costs accrued from index admission to 90 days after. Multivariable logistic regression models were generated for each encounter type [acute inpatient, emergency department (ED), outpatient, and office visit]. Odds ratios (OR) are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values. A p value of &lt;0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: The study cohort was comprised of 141,903 patients (2.4% were Black, 11.4% Hispanic, and 8.1% Asian). Household net worth categories were near evenly distributed amongst the study cohort. Acute inpatient encounters harbored the greatest health plan (mean $24,642.80, SD $57,218.41) and out of pocket costs (mean $1,428.24, SD $2108). Office visits conferred the lowest health plan costs (mean $1,126.78, SD $4,119.12) while ED visits had the lowest out of pocket costs (mean $181.88; SD $399.65). Black patients harbored increased odds of an acute inpatient encounter (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.16-1.29) and ED encounter (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.14-1.27) while Asian (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.85, p&lt;0.001) and Hispanic (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69-0.78, p&lt;0.001) patients had lower odds of an outpatient encounter. Increasing household net worth was associated with decreasing odds of acute inpatient or ED encounters, and greater odds of an office visit. Conclusions: Our study is the largest cohort of commercially insured patients to examine variations in healthcare utilization by net worth in the 90 days after radical cystectomy. Those with lower net worth harbored greater risk of an acute inpatient encounter (and higher medical costs) while those with the greater net worth had greater odds of office visits (and lower costs). Greater financial flexibility (i.e., net worth) continues to confer differences in healthcare utilization (and lower healthcare costs), even within a commercially insured population. Household net worth provides a more comprehensive assessment of patients’ financial flexibility than income alone and functions as proxy for healthcare access and privilege that could not be directly measured.