tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vital Signs: Estimated Effects of a Coordinated Approach for Action to Reduce Antibiotic-Resistant Infections in Health Care Facilities — United States
Authors: Rachel B. Slayton, Damon Toth, Bruce Y. Lee, Windy Tanner, Sarah M. Bartsch, Karim Khader, Kim Wong, Kevin Brown, James A. McKinnell, William Ray, Loren G. Miller, Michael Rubin, Diane S. Kim, Fred Adler, Chenghua Cao, Lacey Avery, Nathan T.B. Stone, Alexander Kallen, Matthew Samore, Susan S. Huang, Scott Fridkin, John A. Jernigan
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

Adolescents who do not get enough sleep are more likely to be overweight (1); not engage in daily physical activity (2); suffer from depressive symptoms (2); engage in unhealthy risk behaviors such as drinking, smoking tobacco, and using illicit drugs (2); and perform poorly in school (3).However, insufficient sleep is common among high school students, with less than one third of U.S. high school students sleeping at least 8 hours on school nights (4).In a policy statement published in 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) urged middle and high schools to modify start times as a means to enable students to get adequate sleep and improve their health, safety, academic performance, and quality of life (5).AAP recommended that "middle and high schools should aim for a starting time of no earlier than 8:30 a.m." (5).To assess state-specific distributions of public middle and high school start times and establish a pre-recommendation baseline, CDC and the U.S. Department of Education analyzed data from the 2011-12 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS).Among an estimated 39,700 public middle, high, and combined schools* in the United States, the average start time was 8:03 a.m.Overall, only 17.7% of these public schools started school at 8:30 a.m. or later.The percentage of schools with 8:30 a.m. or later start times varied greatly by state, ranging from 0% in Hawaii, Mississippi, and Wyoming to more than three quarters of schools in Alaska (76.8%) and North Dakota (78.5%).A school system start time policy of 8:30 a.m. or later provides teenage students the opportunity to achieve the 8.5-9.5 hours of sleep recommended by AAP (5) and the 8-10 hours recommended by the National Sleep Foundation (6).Every few years, the U.S. Department of Education conducts SASS, which provides data on the condition of elementary and secondary education in the United States.SASS consists of several questionnaires, including those tailored to schools, teachers, principals, school districts, and library media centers.SASS is a mail-based survey, with telephone and field followup, and uses a stratified probability sample design.† For the 2011-12 school year, the sample included about 10,250 traditional public schools and 750 public charter schools, with a unit response rate for public schools of 72.5%.As part of the school questionnaire in the 2011-12 school year, respondents were asked, "At what time do most of the students in
Vaccine equity: Past, present, and future
Authors: Rieke van der Graaf, Joyce L. Browne, Amrish Y. Baidjoe
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

The term "vaccine equity" primarily points to the enormous imbalance in global COVID-19 vaccine distribution. Vaccine equity should adopt a normative approach toward "health equity," and various stakeholders across the vaccine life cycle must practice it. The momentum gathered during this pandemic must be used to correct these structural imbalances.
Safety and preliminary efficacy of allogeneic bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for systemic sclerosis: a single-centre, open-label, dose-escalation, proof-of-concept, phase 1/2 study
Authors: Dominique Farge, Séverine Loisel, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Pauline Lansiaux, Ines Colmegna, David Langlais, Catney Charles, Grégory Pugnet, Alexandre Thibault Jacques Maria, Emmanuel Chatelus, Thierry Martin, Eric Hachulla, Vissal David Kheav, Nathalie C Lambert, HanChen Wang, David Michonneau, Christophe Martinaud, Luc Sensebé, Audrey Cras, Karin Tarte
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2022)
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Corrigendum to: “EASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection” [J Hepatol 2012;57:167–185]Journal of HepatologyVol. 58Issue 1PreviewRevision of Table 5 of the recent EASL HBV Clinical Practice Guidelines which included the cross-resistance data for the most frequent resistant HBV variants [Table 5 (revised)] These changes do not affect the strength of clinical evidence and the recommendations for the clinical management of patients who develop HBV resistance during therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Full-Text PDF
Ferroptosis in cancer therapy: a novel approach to reversing drug resistance
Authors: Chen Zhang, Xinyin Liu, Shidai Jin, Yi Chen, Renhua Guo
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract Ferroptosis is an intracellular iron-dependent form of cell death that is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Extensive studies suggest that ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in tumor suppression, thus providing new opportunities for cancer therapy. The development of resistance to cancer therapy remains a major challenge. A number of preclinical and clinical studies have focused on overcoming drug resistance. Intriguingly, ferroptosis has been correlated with cancer therapy resistance, and inducing ferroptosis has been demonstrated to reverse drug resistance. Herein, we provide a detailed description of the mechanisms of ferroptosis and the therapeutic role of regulating ferroptosis in reversing the resistance of cancer to common therapies, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. We discuss the prospect and challenge of regulating ferroptosis as a therapeutic strategy for reversing cancer therapy resistance and expect that our review could provide some references for further studies.
The burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in children in 25 countries: GAN Phase I study
Authors: Luis García-Marcos, M. Innes Asher, Neil Pearce, Eamon Ellwood, Karen Bissell, Chen-Yuan Chiang, Asma El Sony, Philippa Ellwood, Guy B. Marks, Kevin Mortimer, A. Elena Martínez-Torres, Eva Morales, Virginia Perez-Fernandez, Steven Robertson, Charlotte E. Rutter, Richard J. Silverwood, David P. Strachan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Aims There have been no worldwide standardised surveys of prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in school children for 15 years. The present study aims to provide this information. Methods Following the exact International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology (cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey), Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I was carried out between 2015 and 2020 in many centres worldwide. Results The study included 157 784 adolescents (13–14 years of age) in 63 centres in 25 countries and 101 777 children (6–7 years of age) in 44 centres in 16 countries. The current prevalence of symptoms, respectively, was 11.0% and 9.1% for asthma, 13.3% and 7.7% for rhinoconjunctivitis and 6.4% and 5.9% for eczema. The prevalence of asthma ever was 10.5% and 7.6%, hay fever ever was 15.2% and 11.1% and eczema ever was 10.6% and 13.4%, respectively. Centres in low or lower middle gross national income countries (LICs or LMICs) had significantly lower prevalence of the three disease symptoms and diagnoses (except for hay fever). In children, the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was higher in boys, while the reverse occurred among adolescents. For eczema, while the prevalence among female adolescents was double that of males, there was no sex difference among children. Centre accounted for non-negligible variability in all disease symptoms (10–20%). Conclusion The burdens of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema vary widely among the limited number of countries studied. Although symptom prevalence is lower in LICs and LMICs, it represents a considerable burden everywhere studied.
Excess weight risk factor for alcoholic liver disease
Authors: S Naveau
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Though the hepatotoxicity of ethanol has been established, only 8% to 20% of chronic alcoholics develop cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to assess whether being overweight is a risk factor for alcoholic liver disease. One thousand six hundred four alcoholic patients were studied. According to the liver biopsies, 194 patients had a normal liver; 402 had steatosis without fibrosis; 281 presented with fibrosis, with or without steatosis; 119 presented with acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) without cirrhosis; 232 indicated cirrhosis without AAH; and 179 presented with cirrhosis with AAH. One hundred ninety-seven patients had clinically obvious cirrhosis. In the study, five variables were studied as risk factors: age, sex, daily consumption of alcohol during the previous 5 years, the total duration of alcohol abuse, and tendency to be overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 in women and ≥ 27 in men). The BMI was calculated according to the minimum weight over the 10 previous years. In the first stepwise logistic regression analysis, age, being overweight for at least 10 years, being of the female sex, and the total duration of alcohol abuse were independently correlated with the presence of cirrhosis. In the second analysis, female sex being overweight were the two independent risk factors of AAH. In the third analysis, being overweight for at least 10 years was the only independent risk factor of steatosis. These results show that the presence of excess weight for at least 10 years is a risk factor for cirrhosis, AAH, and steatosis. Our results suggest that there is a possible potential for the metabolic effects of ethanol ingestion caused by excess weight in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
Effectiveness of mRNA vaccines and waning of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe covid-19 during predominant circulation of the delta variant in Italy: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Massimo Fabiani, Maria Puopolo, Cristina Morciano, Matteo Spuri, Stefania Spila Alegiani, Antonietta Filia, Fortunato D’Ancona, Martina Del Manso, Flavia Riccardo, Marco Tallon, Valeria Proietti, Chiara Sacco, Marco Massari, Roberto Da Cas, Alberto Mateo-Urdiales, Andrea Siddu, Serena Battilomo, Antonino Bella, Anna Teresa Palamara, Patrizia Popoli, Silvio Brusaferro, Giovanni Rezza, Francesca Menniti Ippolito, Patrizio Pezzotti
Journal: BMJ (2022)

To estimate the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe covid-19 at different time after vaccination.
Context rules
Authors: Steven L. Bressler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract It is proposed that cortical activity is normally coordinated across synaptically connected areas and that this coordination supports cognitive coherence relations. This view is consistent with the NMDA- hypoactivity hypothesis of the target article in regarding disorganization symptoms in schizophrenia as arising from disruption of normal interareal coordination. This disruption may produce abnormal contextual effects in the cortex that lead to anomalous cognitive coherence relations.
Optimal Dissemination of Scientific Manuscripts via Social Media: A Prospective Trial Comparing Visual Abstracts Versus Key Figures in Consecutive Original Manuscripts Published in European Urology
Authors: Zachary Klaassen, Emily Vertosick, Andrew J. Vickers, Melissa J. Assel, Giacomo Novara, Cathy Pierce, Christopher J.D. Wallis, Alessandro Larcher, Matthew R. Cooperberg, James W.F. Catto, Alexander Kutikov
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022
Authors: Angela N. Giaquinto, Kimberly D. Miller, Katherine Y. Tossas, Robert A. Winn, Ahmedin Jemal, Rebecca L. Siegel
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2022)

African American/Black individuals have a disproportionate cancer burden, including the highest mortality and the lowest survival of any racial/ethnic group for most cancers. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for Black people in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence (herein through 2018), mortality (through 2019), survival, screening, and risk factors using population-based data from the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2022, there will be approximately 224,080 new cancer cases and 73,680 cancer deaths among Black people in the United States. During the most recent 5-year period, Black men had a 6% higher incidence rate but 19% higher mortality than White men overall, including an approximately 2-fold higher risk of death from myeloma, stomach cancer, and prostate cancer. The overall cancer mortality disparity is narrowing between Black and White men because of a steeper drop in Black men for lung and prostate cancers. However, the decline in prostate cancer mortality in Black men slowed from 5% annually during 2010 through 2014 to 1.3% during 2015 through 2019, likely reflecting the 5% annual increase in advanced-stage diagnoses since 2012. Black women have an 8% lower incidence rate than White women but a 12% higher mortality; further, mortality rates are 2-fold higher for endometrial cancer and 41% higher for breast cancer despite similar or lower incidence rates. The wide breast cancer disparity reflects both later stage diagnosis (57% localized stage vs 67% in White women) and lower 5-year survival overall (82% vs 92%, respectively) and for every stage of disease (eg, 20% vs 30%, respectively, for distant stage). Breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among Black women in 2019. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce stark cancer inequalities in the Black community.
Anomaly detection-inspired few-shot medical image segmentation through self-supervision with supervoxels
Authors: Stine Hansen, Srishti Gautam, Robert Jenssen, Michael Kampffmeyer
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)

Recent work has shown that label-efficient few-shot learning through self-supervision can achieve promising medical image segmentation results. However, few-shot segmentation models typically rely on prototype representations of the semantic classes, resulting in a loss of local information that can degrade performance. This is particularly problematic for the typically large and highly heterogeneous background class in medical image segmentation problems. Previous works have attempted to address this issue by learning additional prototypes for each class, but since the prototypes are based on a limited number of slices, we argue that this ad-hoc solution is insufficient to capture the background properties. Motivated by this, and the observation that the foreground class (e.g., one organ) is relatively homogeneous, we propose a novel anomaly detection-inspired approach to few-shot medical image segmentation in which we refrain from modeling the background explicitly. Instead, we rely solely on a single foreground prototype to compute anomaly scores for all query pixels. The segmentation is then performed by thresholding these anomaly scores using a learned threshold. Assisted by a novel self-supervision task that exploits the 3D structure of medical images through supervoxels, our proposed anomaly detection-inspired few-shot medical image segmentation model outperforms previous state-of-the-art approaches on two representative MRI datasets for the tasks of abdominal organ segmentation and cardiac segmentation.
Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2020–21 Influenza Season
Authors: Lisa A. Grohskopf, Elif Alyanak, Karen R. Broder, Lenee H. Blanton, Alicia M. Fry, Daniel B. Jernigan, Robert L. Atmar
Journal: MMWR Recommendations and Reports (2020)

with recommendations of AAFP, ACOG, and the American College of Physicians (ACP).ACIP recommendations approved by the CDC Director become agency guidelines on the date published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).Additional information is available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip.
Re: Zhiwen Chen, Peng He, Xiaozhou Zhou, et al. Preliminary Functional Outcome Following Robotic Intracorporeal Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder Suspension with Round Ligaments in Women with Bladder Cancer. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2021.11.012
Authors: Shun-Fa Hung, Shyi-Chun Yii, Shiu-Dong Chung
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Progress report on otitis media
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Winter is here, bringing with it another estimated 30 million physician office visits for treatment of otitis media. Last year,<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS (1979;242:707-709) reported on the newest challenges in treating this condition. Recently, it has been recognized that many of these infections are caused by<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>and that an increasing proportion (currently 10% to 20%) of these organisms are resistant to ampicillin. Other recent findings have raised the possibility that serous or secretory otitis media, which follows treatment of acute otitis media about half the time, is often due to an incompletely eradicated infection. This year the results of several attempts to treat these problems with new regimens are available. Most of the studies were presented at the recent 20th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in New Orleans. <h3>Prevention of Acute Otitis</h3> Since the most frequently isolated pathogen in these infections is still
Covid-19: Pandemic has harmed cancer outcomes and widened inequalities, report finds
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2022)

The covid-19 pandemic has impaired referrals for preliminary cancer diagnoses and led to an 11% increase in patients diagnosed with inoperable or metastatic cancer in the US in 2020, a new report has found.The report by the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) on the impact of covid-19 on cancer research and patient care, 1 released on 9 February, also noted that nearly 10 million patients missed cancer screenings during the first six months of the year, resulting in later diagnoses and poorer outcomes.1 AACR report on the impact of covid-19 on cancer research and patient care.www.aacr.org/professionals/research/aacr-covid-19-and-cancer-report-2022.
In Brief
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The British Society of Gastroenterology
Authors: C Andre, R Lambert, B Bugnon, D Evans, J Craven, F Murphy, B Cleary, J Laidlow, R Chapman, D Colin-Jones, C Eade, V Chadwick, J Jones, J.-C Debongnie, T Gaginella, S Phillips, S Wilkinson, B Portmann
Journal: Gut (1977)

last, preceded by a Teaching Day organised by The British Society of Gastroenterology.The social programme included receptions at the Guild Hall and Castle Museum together with both societies' annual dinners.The Plenary Scientific Session included the Sir Arthur Hurst Lecture given by John S. Fordtran entitled 'Food and acid secretion'.The size of the programme necessitated four simultaneous sessions for the remainder of the meeting.
Letter: Place of diagnostic radiology in medicine.
Authors: Brian Alderman, W Patterson, A Turnbull, C Griscelli, M Schmid, J Dausset, Thomas Deeley, J Henk, I Evans, K James, T Priestman
Journal: BMJ (1974)

45scores.The difference in the frequency of low Apg-ar scores between the two groups was not significant (X2 = 0 71; P < 0 50), nor was there any clear association in this series between low Apgar scores and the mode of delivery.Though it is appreciated that a compaTrison may not be made between in- duced and spontaneous labouLrs, it is note- worthy that in a similar series of 533 spontaneous labours studied prospectively 36 (7%,h) of the neonates had low Apgar scores, a freauency which does not differ significantly from that following induced labour.While I do not claim that oxytocin is innocuous, there seems no reason to believe on present evidence that in tihe absence of hyperton,us its use increases the risk of fetal hypoxia.
Medicare down under: bureaucracy triumphant
Authors: P. C. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Sunshine, beaches, the Harbour Bridge, the Opera House, theatre, art, music, oysters, beer, football, horse racing, and a favourable exchange rate—Sydney seems a tourist's paradise. We local physicians aren't sure that it's a paradise for us. Had this letter been written in the mid-1960s, it would have described a variety of health services that met the needs of all Australians and that remunerated physicians adequately. A letter in the mid-1970s would have described a new scheme that made little difference to health services, but considerably decreased general practitioners' incomes. This letter records the latest scheme, which has seriously damaged the delivery of health services and eroded the incomes of all physicians. Medicare, financed by a compulsory levy on income, started in 1983. It covers all charges at state hospitals and medical services at physicians' offices. Additional insurance for private hospital accommodation charges is permitted. But private insurance for physicians' fees
Strong Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Additional Doses Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Millie D. Long, Kimberly N. Weaver, Xian Zhang, Kelly Chun, Michael D. Kappelman, R. Watkins, J. Adler, M.C. Dubinsky, A. Kastl, A. Bousvaros, J.A. Strople, R.K. Cross, P.D.R. Higgins, R.C. Ungaro, M. Bewtra, E. Bellaguarda, F.A. Farraye, M.E. Boccieri, A. Firestine, M. Fernando, M. Bastidas, M. Zikry, X. Dai, J. Adler, M.C. Dubinsky, A. Kastl, A. Bousvaros, R.K. Cross, P.D.R. Higgins, R.C. Ungaro, M. Bewtra, E. Bellaguarda, F.A. Farraye, M.E. Boccieri, A. Firestine, M. Fernando, M. Bastidas, M. Zikry, X. Dai
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)