tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P069: Temporal Patterns Of Adherence To The Physical Activity Goal In A Mobile Health Weight-loss Trial
Authors: Zhadyra Bizhanova, Susan M Sereika, Jacob K Kariuki, Margaret B Conroy, Bonny Rockettewagner, Maria M Brooks, Jessica Cheng, Britney Beatrice, Lora E Burke
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Wearable trackers such as Fitbit may promote physical activity (PA) levels recommended by the US Physical Activity Guidelines. However, there is a lack of evidence on the associations between long-term wearable tracker use and temporal patterns of PA levels. Therefore, we aimed to identify distinct trajectories of the adherence to PA goals using group-based trajectory modeling in a year-long mobile health weight-loss trial. Method: PA data were collected within the SMARTER weight-loss trial that recruited adults (i.e., age ≥18 years) from 2018 to 2020 from southwest PA, USA. Healthy adults with body mass index between 27-43 kg/m 2 were randomized to either self-monitoring with daily personalized feedback messages (SM+FB, n=251) or self-monitoring only (SM, n=251) and followed for 52 weeks. Adherence to weekly PA goals, the primary outcome of this analysis, was computed as the percentage of fairly active and very active total minutes per week measured by Fitbit Charge 2™ relative to the minimum PA goal of 150 minutes/week recommended for all study participants. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify distinct temporal patterns of adherence to weekly PA goals. Results: The sample (N = 502) was mostly female (n=399, 79%), white (n=423, 82%) with a mean age of 45.0 ± 14.4 years. Among the models considered, the five-group trajectory model for adherence to weekly PA goals was selected based on the best data fit: low adherence with a linear decline (n=80, 16.0%; b[intercept] ± SE: 73.18 ± 5.03, p&lt;.0001; b[linear] ± SE: -6.37±.28, p&lt;.0001); low initial adherence with nonlinear increase (n=194, 38.7%; b[intercept] ± SE: 93.48 ± 3.63, p&lt;.0001; b[linear] ± SE: .49 ± .31, p=.108;b[quadratic] ± SE: -.03±.01, p&lt;.0001); moderate initial adherence with linear decline (n=145, 28.8%, b[intercept] ± SE: 230.53 ±2.83, p&lt;.0001; b[linear] ± SE: -.40±.09, p&lt;.0001), moderate initial adherence with nonlinear decline (n=39, 7.8%, b[intercept] ± SE: 216.99 ± 18.72, p&lt;.0001; b[linear] ± SE: 0.25 ± 7.46, p=.974; b[quadratic] ± SE: -1.57 ± .93, p=.090; b[cubic] ± SE: .12 ± .05, p=.010; b[quartic] ± SE: -.004 ± .001, p=.010; b[quantic] ± SE: .00003±.00001, p&lt;.0001), and high initial adherence with nonlinear decline (n=44, 8.8%; b[intercept] ± SE: 379.46 ± 9.84, p&lt;.0001; b[linear] ± SE: 2.37 ± 1.59, p=.138; b[quadratic] ± SE: .10 ± .07, p=.171; b[cubic] ± SE: -.003±.001, p=.003). Conclusions: We identified five distinct trajectories for long-term adherence to the PA goal over 52 weeks. More research is needed to determine additional means of supporting PA in individuals with low and declining adherence trajectories.
The effect of live attenuated influenza vaccine on pneumococcal colonisation densities among children aged 24–59 months in The Gambia: a phase 4, open label, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Chikondi Peno, Edwin P Armitage, Melanie Clerc, Carlos Balcazar Lopez, Ya Jankey Jagne, Sainabou Drammeh, Sheikh Jarju, Hadijatou Sallah, Elina Senghore, Benjamin B Lindsey, Janko Camara, Sulayman Bah, Nuredin I Mohammed, David H Dockrell, Beate Kampmann, Ed Clarke, Debby Bogaert, Thushan I de Silva
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2021)

Influenza and other respiratory viruses promote
The risk of mental illness in people living with HIV in the UK: a propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Tiffany E Gooden, Mike Gardner, Jingya Wang, Joht S Chandan, Abi Beane, Rashan Haniffa, Stephen Taylor, Sheila Greenfield, Semira Manaseki-Holland, G Neil Thomas, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2022)
Heterogeneous Head and Neck Paraganglioma With Distinct Features on 123I-MIBG and 68Ga-DOTATATE Images
Authors: Yang Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 37-year-old man has palpable bilateral carotid body paragangliomas, larger on the right. The right-sided tumor is avid on both 123 I-MIBG and 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT images. The left-sided tumor is only avid on 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, but not 123 I-MIBG scan. This case illustrates the heterogeneous features of carotid body paragangliomas.
64P Clinical benefit of platinum doublet therapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A prospective multicenter study of the national hospital organization in Japan
Authors: M. Shimokawa, M. Kanazu, R. Saito, M. Mori, A. Tamura, Y. Okano, Y. Fujita, T. Endo, M. Motegi, S. Takata, T. Kita, N. Sukoh, M. Takenoyama, S. Atagi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Cell type determination for cardiac differentiation occurs soon after seeding of human-induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Connie L. Jiang, Yogesh Goyal, Naveen Jain, Qiaohong Wang, Rachel E. Truitt, Allison J. Coté, Benjamin Emert, Ian A. Mellis, Karun Kiani, Wenli Yang, Rajan Jain, Arjun Raj
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Cardiac differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells consistently produces a mixed population of cardiomyocytes and non-cardiac cell types, even when using well-characterized protocols. We sought to determine whether different cell types might result from intrinsic differences in hiPS cells prior to the onset of differentiation.
Translating “Big Data” in Oncology for Clinical Benefit: Progress or Paralysis
Authors: Anna D. Barker, Jerry S.H. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

The molecular characterization of cancer through genomics, data from multiomics technologies, molecular-driven clinical trials, and internet-enabled devices capturing patient context and real-world data are creating an unprecedented big data revolution across the cancer research-care continuum. While big data has translated to benefit for some patients, it has also created new problems. Our intent in this brief communication is to explore some examples of progress and key challenges that remain. The problems are not intractable, but success will require rethinking and rebuilding an information and evidence-based learning system that moves beyond paralysis to shape a better future for patients with cancer.
Abstract 10816: Causal Effect of Atrial Fibrillation on Cardiovascular Diseases - A Mendelian Randomization Analysis in the Million Veteran Program
Authors: Victor Nauffal, Lu-Chen Weng, Timothy Treu, Sophia Gunn, Valerie N Morrill, Ashley Galloway, Shaan Khurshid, Darae Ko, Mark W Logue, Richard L Hauger, Kathryn L Lunetta, Jacob Joseph, Yan Sun, Emelia J Benjamin, Michael Gaziano, Kelly Cho, Peter Wilson, Patrick T Ellinor, Steven A Lubitz
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Observational studies have implicated atrial fibrillation (AF) as a risk factor for a number of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Whether AF is causally related to these CVD is unknown. Methods: We included participants with both electronic health record-derived phenotypes and imputed genotype data in this study. A genetic instrument for AF consisting of 406 common variants was derived using a pruning and thresholding method (r2&lt;0.3; p-value &lt;5x10-8) on the 2018 AF Genetics Consortium GWAS summary statistics. 1- and 2-sample MR analyses were performed. In 2-sample MR, the inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary analysis. Additional sensitivity analyses were performed to account for potential violations of the instrumental variable assumptions. Results: We included 615,635 participants in the study (440,690 European, 118,531 African, 48,908 Hispanic, 7,506 Asian ancestry). Genetic risk of AF was associated with heart failure in both 1-sample (OR/log odds of genetically predicted AF =1.18, 95% CI 1.15 - 1.20) and 2-sample MR (OR/log odds of genetically predicted AF =1.13, 95% CI 1.11 - 1.15). Additionally, genetic risk of AF was associated with heart failure subtypes and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. There was no association between genetic risk of AF and pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep venous thrombosis (DVT), however, genetic risk of AF was associated with PE after excluding individuals with concurrent or prior DVT (OR1-sample MR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.15; OR2-sample MR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.08). Lastly, we confirmed an association between genetic risk of AF and ischemic stroke but not all-cause dementia. Our results were robust to a number of sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: In a large multi-ancestry study, we delineate the potential causal contribution of AF to a number of CVD and highlight support for a causal association between AF and isolated PE. Our findings inform how prevention and treatment of AF may affect CVD incidence and outcomes.
Discovery of signatures of fatal neonatal illness in vital signs using highly comparative time-series analysis
Authors: Justin C. Niestroy, J. Randall Moorman, Maxwell A. Levinson, Sadnan Al Manir, Timothy W. Clark, Karen D. Fairchild, Douglas E. Lake
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

To seek new signatures of illness in heart rate and oxygen saturation vital signs from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) patients, we implemented highly comparative time-series analysis to discover features of all-cause mortality in the next 7 days. We collected 0.5 Hz heart rate and oxygen saturation vital signs of infants in the University of Virginia NICU from 2009 to 2019. We applied 4998 algorithmic operations from 11 mathematical families to random daily 10 min segments from 5957 NICU infants, 205 of whom died. We clustered the results and selected a representative from each, and examined multivariable logistic regression models. 3555 operations were usable; 20 cluster medoids held more than 81% of the information, and a multivariable model had AUC 0.83. New algorithms outperformed others: moving threshold, successive increases, surprise, and random walk. We computed provenance of the computations and constructed a software library with links to the data. We conclude that highly comparative time-series analysis revealed new vital sign measures to identify NICU patients at the highest risk of death in the next week.
Abstract 10750: Allostatic Load is Associated with Incident Heart Failure in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
Authors: Christine Park, joanna B Ringel, Lauren Balkan, Laura Pinheiro, Madeline R Sterling, Samprit Banerjee, Emily B Levitan, Monika Safford, Parag Goyal
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Allostatic load (AL) is the physiologic “wear and tear” on the body from adapting to stress. AL is associated with mortality for diseases including cancer and diabetes. While stress has been implicated in the development of heart failure (HF), no studies have studied the association between AL and HF. Hypothesis: Higher allostatic load is associated with incident HF events. Methods: We examined 16,765 participants without suspected HF at baseline from the REGARDS cohort. The main exposure was AL score quartile. AL score was based on baseline heart rate, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, waist circumference, glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, albumin, c-reactive protein, urine albumin to creatinine ratio, and cystatin C. Each parameter was assigned points (0-3) based on quartiles within the sample, and total AL score ranged from 0-33. The main outcome was incident HF hospitalization or HF death. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for baseline demographics, geographic residence, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle/health habits. Results: The mean age of the sample was 64 + 9.6 years, 61.5% were women, and 38.7% were Black individuals. Over a mean follow up of 9.9 years, there were 750 HF events (635 incident HF hospitalizations and 115 incident HF deaths). AL score Q1 included scores 1-12, Q2 13-16, Q3 17-20, and Q4 21-33 (Figure). Compared to Q1, hazards for incident HF event increased with AL quartile (Q2 HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.93-1.79; Q3 HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.51-2.81; Q4 HR 3.65, 95% CI 2.68-4.97) in a fully adjusted model. Conclusion: AL was associated with incident HF events. This study supports a relationship between physiologic dysregulation due to maladaptive stress response and the development of HF.
Abstract P015: Associations Of Physical Activity And Lactation Duration With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The Cardia Study
Authors: Abbi Lane, Kara M Whitaker, Muna Tahir, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Janet M Catov, Mercedes R Carnethon, Erica P Gunderson
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Physical activity (PA) and lactation individually benefit cardiometabolic health. Joint associations of PA and lactation with cardiometabolic risk factors have not been described. Methods: We averaged PA across all attended exams and summed total lactation duration in 1,068 Black and White parous women who attended the Year 30 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) examination. Two categories were created for PA (-PA: below median; +PA: ≥median) and lactation duration (-L: &lt;3 months, +L: ≥3months). Participants were assigned to one of four groups based on PA patterns and cumulative lactation duration: -PA/-L, -PA/+L, +PA/-L, +PA/+L (most favorable). Cardiometabolic risk factors measured at Y30 were combined and standardized into a composite cardiometabolic risk score. We used linear regression to evaluate associations of group assignments with individual cardiometabolic risk factors and risk score. Covariates included age, race, study center, parity, education, smoking, medication use, alcohol consumption, baseline body mass index (BMI), and baseline diet quality. Results: Median PA=256 exercise units (IQR: 168-379), and 581 (54%) of participants reported cumulative lactation duration ≥3 months. Of the 1,068 participants, 303 were in the -PA/-L category, 231 in -PA/+L, 184 in +PA/-L, and 350 in +PA/+L. Participants in the +PA/+L category were older, had more years of education, lower BMI, gained less weight during follow-up, and were less likely to be Black versus the -PA/-L category. Mean cardiometabolic risk scores improved across categories and were not significantly different between -PA/+L and +PA/-L: -PA/-L: 0.23±0.04, -PA/+L: 0.08±0.04, +PA/-L: -0.02±0.05, +PA/+L: -0.23±0.03 all p≤0.08. After adjustment, +PA/+L assignment was associated with a lower (better) cardiometabolic risk score (β= -0.15, 95%CI: -0.25, -0.04) with no interactive effect of race, p=0.22. Associations were nonsignificant after accounting for 30-year change in BMI. Conclusions: Attaining above average PA combined with ≥3 months of lactation was associated with the most favorable cardiometabolic risk score in Black and White women. Participants who achieved either one of these behaviors had lower risk scores versus those with neither behavior. Attaining these levels of PA and/or lactation may reduce cardiometabolic risk in parous women due to less weight gain over time.
Computation, perception, and mind
Authors: Jerome A. Feldman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2022)

Abstract Advances in behavioral and brain sciences have engendered wide ranging efforts to help understand consciousness. The target article suggests that abstract computational models (such as integrated information theory [IIT]) are ill-advised. This commentary broadens the discussion to include mysteries of subjective experience that are inconsistent with current neuroscience. It also discusses progress being made through demystifying specific cases and pursuing evolutionary considerations.
Abstract 024: Traumatic Brain Injury And Long-term Risk Of Stroke Among U.S. Military Veterans
Authors: Andrea L Schneider, Carrie Peltz, Yixia Li, Amber Bahorik, Raquel Gardner, W. J Boscardin, Kristine Yaffe
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in cerebrovascular injury and has been associated with shorter-term (i.e., &lt;4 years) risk of stroke. Longer-term associations of TBI with stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) remain less clear. Objective: To examine the association between TBI and long-term risk of stroke/TIA among U.S. military veterans. Methods: We used data from 613,592 U.S. military veterans without stroke at baseline (306,796 with TBI matched 1:1 on age, sex, race, and TBI index date to 306,796 without TBI) who were included in the Veterans Health Administration inpatient and outpatient database (National Patient Care Database) from 10/1/2002 to 9/30/2019. TBI and stroke/TIA were defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions (ICD-9/10) codes. We conducted Cox proportional hazards models with an origin of 30-days after the index date in order to exclude stroke/TIA events occurring within 30-days of TBI. Models were adjusted for demographics and medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Formal testing for interaction by age, sex, and race was performed. Results: Overall, included veterans were an average age of 50 years, 9% were female, and 75% were of White race. Over a median of 5 years of follow-up, 36,351 stroke/TIA events (23,241 among veterans with TBI and 13,290 among veterans without TBI) occurred. Veterans with TBI had 1.73 times (95% CI 1.69-1.77) increased risk of any stroke or TIA compared to veterans without TBI. The risk was stronger for hemorrhagic stroke compared to ischemic stroke and compared to TIA (Table). Associations of TBI with risk of any stroke or TIA were stronger among older (aged ≥65 years; HR 2.09, 95% CI 2.02-2.17) compared to younger veterans and were less strong among Blacks (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.41-1.55) compared to other races (p-interaction for both &lt;0.001). Conclusion: Among U.S. military veterans, TBI was associated with increased long-term risk of stroke/TIA. Future work focused on stroke prevention in TBI populations is warranted.
Gene Therapy Restores Balance and Auditory Functions in a Mouse Model of Usher Syndrome
Authors: Kevin Isgrig, Jack W. Shteamer, Inna A. Belyantseva, Meghan C. Drummond, Tracy S. Fitzgerald, Sarath Vijayakumar, Sherri M. Jones, Andrew J. Griffith, Thomas B. Friedman, Lisa L. Cunningham, Wade W. Chien
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2022)

(Molecular Therapy 25, 780–791; March 2017) Following the publication of the article, the authors realized that the Whirlin cDNA (NCBI accession no. AY739114) used in the study contains two synonymous variants (Leu476Leu (CTC to CTT), and Thr537Thr (ACA to ACG)) and one non-synonymous variant (Gly550Arg (GGA to AGA)). The authors regret this error. We corrected all three variants to conform to the wild type mouse sequence (accession number AY739114) and repeated the inner ear gene therapy experiments in the whirler mutant mice (Whrnwi/wi) as published in the original study. The corrected AAV8-whirlin was delivered via the posterior canal approach and caused a partial improvement in the auditory function in the Whrnwi/wi mice (mean ABR thresholds of 97.5 ± 1.64, 81.9 ± 5.08, 95.0 ± 2.67, and 95.7 ± 2.59 at stimulus frequencies of 4 kHz, 8 kHz, 16 kHz, and 32 kHz, respectively, n=5). The magnitudes of ABR threshold improvement are similar to our previously published results (p = 0.27, ANOVA). The corrected AAV8-whirlin delivered via the posterior canal approach also led to an improvement in the vestibular function in the Whrnwi/wi mice, as indicated by a reduction in circling behavior (7.20 ± 0.43 rotations per 2 min). This improvement in vestibular function is also similar to our previously published results (p = 0.41, t-test). Thus, correction of the variants that were present in the original whirlin cDNA did not alter the conclusions of the study. Gene Therapy Restores Balance and Auditory Functions in a Mouse Model of Usher SyndromeIsgrig et al.Molecular TherapyJanuary 23, 2017In BriefDizziness and hearing loss are among the most common disabilities. Many forms of hereditary balance and hearing disorders are caused by abnormal development of stereocilia, mechanosensory organelles on the apical surface of hair cells in the inner ear. The deaf whirler mouse, a model of human Usher syndrome (manifested by hearing loss, dizziness, and blindness), has a recessive mutation in the whirlin gene, which renders hair cell stereocilia short and dysfunctional. In this study, wild-type whirlin cDNA was delivered to the inner ears of neonatal whirler mice using adeno-associated virus serotype 2/8 (AAV8-whirlin) by injection into the posterior semicircular canal. Full-Text PDF Open Archive
Abstract EP16: High Area Level Public Transportation Associated With Increased Body Mass Index In High School And Male Adolescents
Authors: Emily Granados, D'Agostino Emily, Kathryn Pollak, Asheley C Skinner
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Overweight and obesity rates increased dramatically among United States youth from 1999-2016, particularly among adolescents. Promoting physical activity can reduce youth obesity rates, particularly among overweight adolescents, most of whom do not meet guidelines for at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity. Neighborhood public transportation usage is an important environmental factor that has potential to impact adolescent physical activity. We examined the association between neighborhood public transportation usage and adolescent body mass index (BMI) drawing from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study, a cross-sectional national survey conducted in 2014 that assessed cancer preventative behaviors, including physical activity and diet, among adolescents (aged 12-17 years, n=1,737) and their parents. We used linear regression models to test the moderating effects of age, sex, and socioeconomic status and the mediating effect of physical activity on the association between neighborhood public transportation usage and adolescent BMI. The analytic sample included 357 adolescents of middle school (44%) and high school (56%) ages evenly distributed by sex (51% female) with 39% of the sample below 200% of the Federal Poverty Line. On average, adolescents had a BMI percent of the 95 th percentile of 81.77 (17.09) or 22.24 (4.67) BMI and self-reported 71 daily (out-of-school) moderate-to-vigorous activity minutes. While we found no overall association between neighborhood public transportation usage and BMI, we found that low neighborhood public transportation is associated with increased BMI among high school (14% (95% CI 5.72, 21.41)) and male (7.16 (95% CI -13.41, -0.91)) adolescents respectively. We also found that physical activity does not mediate the effect of neighborhood public transportation usage on adolescent BMI. Our findings suggest that our adult reported public transportation measure could be pointing to neighborhood factors, such as poverty or crime, that affect the association between neighborhood public transit and adolescent BMI. Our findings help inform future research on the dynamic relationships between individual and social environmental factors that impact adolescent physical activity.