tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Beta-adrenergic receptor number and adenylate cyclase function in denervated transplanted and cardiomyopathic human hearts.
Authors: A RDenniss, J DMarsh, R JQuigg, J BGordon, W SColucci
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To test the hypothesis that there is up-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptor density or supersensitivity of beta-adrenergic receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase in the denervated transplanted human heart, we studied myocardium from transplanted, normal, and failing hearts. Myocardium was obtained from 10 patients 9 +/- 3 months after cardiac transplantation, from 10 patients without cardiac disease, and from eight patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure due to idiopathic cardiomyopathy. beta-Adrenergic receptor density in transplanted myocardium (15 +/- 3 fmol/mg protein, 1.20 +/- 0.14 fmol/mg DNA) was not different from that in normal myocardium (22 +/- 3 fmol/mg protein, 1.46 +/- 0.13 fmol/mg DNA; p = NS for both). In myocardium from cardiomyopathic hearts, beta-adrenergic receptor density was markedly reduced (8 +/- 2 fmol/mg protein, 0.84 +/- 0.13 fmol/mg DNA; p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 vs. normal myocardium, respectively). Likewise, the response of adenylate cyclase to isopro...
Rapid renal clearance of immunoreactive canine plasma myoglobin.
Authors: F JKlocke, D PCopley, J AKrawczyk, MReichlin
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Rates and mechanisms of myoglobin removal from plasma were examined in closed-chest dogs, using disappearance patterns of immunoreactivity and radioactivity after i.v. canine myoglobin radiolabeled with 125I. Arterial immunoreactive myoglobin concentration decreased monoexponentially over a 2-decade range, with rate constants of disappearance averaging -0.080 +/- 0.014 min-1 (+/- SD) (corresponding to half-times of disappearance of 8.9 +/- 1.5 min). Renal arteriovenous difference in immunoreactive myoglobin concentration documented extraction of the parent molecule, with extraction ratios averaging 0.36 +/- 0.06. Renal venous specific activity increased a few minutes after myoglobin administration, consistent with discharge from the kidney of nonimmunoreactive radiolabeled peptides of the parent molecule. Arterial disappearance of 125I was subsequently delayed in relation to immunoreactive myoglobin. Urinary recoveries of immunoreactive parent molecule and radiolabeled constituents were limited, averaging...
Models of congenital heart disease in fetal lambs.
Authors: N HFishman, R BHof, A MRudolph, M AHeymann
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Intracardiac flow patterns were chronically altered by partially obstructing left ventricular (LV) inflow or outflow in midgestational fetal lambs. Physiological measurements of the fetal circulation were made serially through indwelling catheters and the use of radioactive microspheres. With LV inflow obstruction, mean LV output (LVO) decreased to 30% of control (P less than 0.01). Within seven days, the LV/right ventricular (RV) weight ratio decreased to 70% of control (P less than 0.01), and the mean LV/RV chamber volume decreased to less than one-half of control (P less than 0.001), simulating an early form of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. With LV outflow obstruction, mean LVO decreased to 64% of control (P less than 0.05). Mean LV/RV wall thickness doubled (P less than 0.0001) and mean LF/RV chamber volume decreased to less than one-half of control (P less than 0.0001). Within four to ten days after increasing LV afterload, a large increase in LV mass occurred, which was demonstrated by morpho...
Effects of propranolol therapy on platelet release and prostaglandin generation in patients with coronary heart disease.
Authors: JMehta, PMehta
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Suppression of platelet function is thought to be a mechanism of propranolol's beneficial action in angina pectoris. To study the effects of propranolol on platelets, we measured plasma beta thromboglobulin and plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2, stable metabolite of TXA2) levels by radioimmunoassay as indexes of platelet alpha-granule and TXA2 release, respectively. Platelet TXA2 generation in vitro in response to arachidonate and thrombin was also quantitated. Twenty-nine patients with coronary disease -- 15 not taking propranolol (group A) and 14 taking propranolol (group B) -- and 15 normal subjects were studied. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels were increased in group A and B patients (mean 63 +/- 8 and 96 +/- 14 ng/ml, respectively) compared with normal subjects (mean 46 +/- 6 ng/ml). Plasma TXB2 levels were similar in group A and B patients and in normal subjects (mean 148 +/- 41, 149 +/- 36 and 216 +/- 39 pg/ml). Arachidonate-induced platelet TXA2 generation was significantly higher in group A patients...
Immune metabolism in allergies, does it matter?—A review of immune metabolic basics and adaptations associated with the activation of innate immune cells in allergy
Authors: Alexandra Goretzki, Yen‐Ju Lin, Stefan Schülke
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Type I allergies are pathological, type 2 inflammatory immune responses against otherwise harmless environmental allergens that arise from complex interactions between different types of immune cells. Activated immune cells undergo extensive changes in phenotype and function to fulfill their effector functions. Hereby, activation, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and mounting of effector responses require metabolic reprogramming. While the metabolic changes associated with activation of dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells are extensively studied, data about the metabolic phenotypes of the other cell types critically involved in allergic responses (epithelial cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and ILC2s) are rather limited. This review briefly covers the basics of cellular energy metabolism and its connection to immune cell function. In addition, it summarizes the current state of knowledge in terms of dendritic cell and macrophage metabolism and subsequently focuses on the metabolic changes associated with activation of epithelial cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, as well as ILC2s in allergy. Interestingly, the innate key cell types in allergic inflammation were reported to change their metabolic phenotype during activation, shifting to either glycolysis (epithelial cells, M1 macrophages, DCs, eosinophils, basophils, acutely activated mast cells), oxidative phosphorylation (M2 macrophages, longer term activated mast cells), or fatty acid oxidation (ILC2s). Therefore, immune metabolism is of relevance in allergic diseases and its connection to immune cell effector function needs to be considered to better understand induction and maintenance of allergic responses. Further progress in this field will likely improve both our understanding of disease pathology and enable new treatment targets/strategies.
Abstract P113: Female Gender is Associated with a Low Ankle Brachial Index in the General Population
Authors: Ridhima Kapoor, Colby Ayers, Jacquelyn Kulinski
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a predictor of cardiovascular events, mortality and functional status. Gender differences in ABI have been reported in some population studies. Differences in height might account for these observed gender differences, but findings are conflicting. Objective: This study investigated the association between gender, height and ABI in the general population, independent of traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods: Participants ≥ 40 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 with ABI data, were included. A low ABI was defined as a value &lt; 1.0 (including borderline values). Sample-weighted multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed with low ABI as the dependent variable and height and gender as primary predictor variables of interest. A backward elimination model selection technique was performed to identify significant covariates. Results: There were 3,052 participants with ABI data (mean age 57, 51% female (1570 of 3052). The sample-weighted mean (±SE) ABI was 1.09 (±0.006) and 1.13 (±0.005) for females and males, respectively. Women were more likely to have a low ABI compared to men, 42% (659 of 1570) versus 28% (415 of 1482), respectively (p&lt;0.0001). Female gender was associated with a low ABI (OR 1.34, [95% CI, 1.04-1.72]; p=0.025), independent of traditional CVD risk factors (see Figure). Age, diabetes, tobacco use, known CVD, BMI and black race were also associated with a low ABI (all p&lt;0.003). Self-reported hypertension and non-HDL cholesterol levels, however, were not associated with a low ABI. An interaction between height and body mass index (BMI) was identified. Conclusions: Female gender is associated with a low ABI in the general population. This association appears to be independent of height and other traditional CVD risk factors and warrants further investigation.
Abstract 14046: An International Assessment of the Clinic Staff Time Required to Manage Cardiac Device Patients
Authors: Eliana Biundo, Juliette Hennion, Sarah C Rosemas, David Lanctin, Emmanuelle Nicolle
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) patients is guideline-recommended standard of care alongside in-office follow-up. However, overall workload requirements for device management are not well understood, which may hinder implementation of optimal follow-up strategies including remote solutions. This study sought to characterize processes and clinic staff time required for remote and in-person device follow-up of a CIED patient. Methods: A time and motion workflow evaluation was performed in 11 CIED clinics: 6 US; 5 Europe (UK, France, Germany). Participating clinics manage an average of 5,758 (range: 870-22,000) CIED patients. The duration of each CIED management task was repeatedly timed during 1 business week (5 days) of observation at each clinic. All device models/manufacturers were included. Mean staff time for a remote transmission and an in-person clinic visit were calculated, including clinical and administrative tasks. Annual staff time for follow-up of 1 CIED patient was modeled using data on CIED transmission volume, clinical guidelines, and published literature. Results: A total of 276 in-person clinic visits and 2,173 RM activities were observed. Mean staff time required per remote transmission ranged from 9.4-13.5 minutes for therapeutic devices, and 11.3-12.9 mins for insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs), while staff time per in-person visit ranged from 37.8-51.0 mins and 39.9-45.8 mins, respectively (Table 1). The estimated annual time to manage one therapeutic device patient was lower (1.6-2.4 hours) than an ICM patient (7.7-9.3 hours), due to fewer device follow-ups. Conclusions: RM allows for efficient and continuous care as a complement to in-person follow-up. However, overall CIED patient follow-up requires considerable staff time. These data should be considered in addressing barriers to RM adoption, such as challenges in workflow implementation and inconsistent reimbursement.
Antihypertensive effect of the GABA receptor agonist muscimol in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Role of the sympathoadrenal axis.
Authors: TUnger, HBecker, RDietz, DGanten, R ELang, RRettig, ASchömig, N ASchwab
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The antihypertensive action of central GABA-ergic stimulation was investigated in conscious stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Injection of the potent GABA agonist muscimol (0.01-1 microgram) into the lateral brain ventricle (icv) lowered mean arterial blood pressure (192.1 +/- 8.4 mm Hg) dose-dependently in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats with a maximal fall of -52.7 +/- 5 mm Hg lasting for about 90 minutes. This was accompanied by bradycardia and sedation. Pretreatment with atropine (2 mg/kg, ip, or 15 micrograms/kg, icv) did not significantly influence the muscimol-induced fall in mean arterial pressure. In normotensive (109.3 +/- 1.9 mm Hg) Wistar-Kyoto controls, the maximal decrease in mean arterial pressure was -12.1 +/- 1.6 mm Hg from 109.3 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, and the duration of the effect was much less than in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, Following 1 microgram muscimol, icv, plasma noradrenaline did not fall significantly in stroke prone spontaneously hypertens...
Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors and Stroke
Authors: Deborah L. Ornstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 July 1998Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors and StrokeDeborah L. Ornstein, MD and Leo R. Zacharski, MDDeborah L. Ornstein, MDDartmouth Medical School; Veterans Affairs Medical Center; White River Junction, VT 05009.Search for more papers by this author and Leo R. Zacharski, MDDartmouth Medical School; Veterans Affairs Medical Center; White River Junction, VT 05009.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Bucher and colleagues' meta-analysis [1] suggests that treating hyperlipidemic patients with HMGcoA reductase inhibitors reduces the incidence of first stroke. These inhibitors seem to reduce the incidence of stroke to a greater degree than other antilipidemic interventions, and the authors will report similar findings for the end point of death from coronary artery disease. They speculate that the mechanism responsible is the cholesterol-lowering effect of the HMGcoA reductase inhibitors, which is a more potent effect than that of other lipid-lowering agents. We postulate a possible additional mechanism in light of emerging knowledge of the role of the ...References1. Bucher HC, Griffith LE, Guyatt GH. Effect of HMGcoA reductase inhibitors on stroke. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:89-95. Google Scholar2. Fuster V, Fallon JT, Badimon JJ, Nemerson Y. The unstable atherosclerotic plaque: clinical significance and therapeutic intervention. Thromb Haemost. 1997; 78:247-55. Google Scholar3. Taubman MB, Fallon JT, Schecter AD, Giesen P, Mendlowitz M, Fyfe BS, et al. Tissue factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost. 1997; 78:200-4. Google Scholar4. Allessandri C, Ferro D, Basili S, Vieri D, Cara F, Violi C, et al. Simvastatin reduces enhanced monocyte tissue factor expression in patients with type IIa hypercholesterolemia [Abstract]. Thromb Haemost. 1997; Suppl:206. Google Scholar5. Colli S, Eligini S, Lalli M, Camera M, Paoletti R, Tremoli E. Vastatins inhibit tissue factor in cultured human macrophages. A novel mechanism of protection against atherothrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997; 17:265-72. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dartmouth Medical School; Veterans Affairs Medical Center; White River Junction, VT 05009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1998Volume 129, Issue 2Page: 161-162KeywordsCoagulation factorsDietHyperlipidemiaLipidsMacrophagesMonocytesPathogenesisStable coronary artery diseaseStrokeThrombosis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical pharmacology and antiarrhythmic efficacy of encainide in patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias.
Authors: R AWinkle, FPeters, R EKates, CTucker, D CHarrison
Journal: Circulation (1981)

We determined the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and therapeutic plasma concentration of encainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug that affects His-Purkinje conduction but not ventricular refractoriness. Nine patients with frequent and complex premature ventricular complexes were studied in a 3-day double-blind protocol. Each day, each patient received 75 mg of i.v. or oral encainide or placebo. Frequent blood samples for encainide plasma concentration determination and continuous ambulatory ECGs were obtained. There was a marked intersubject variation in bioavailability (mean 42 +/- 24%, range 7.4-82%), clearance (13.2 +/- 5.6 ml/min/kg, range 3.75-22.1 ml/min/kg) and half-life (3.4 +/- 1.7 hours i.v., 2.5 +/- 0.8 hours oral). Eight of nine patients had more than 90% suppression of premature ventricular complexes for 3-36 hours. Minimal antiarrhythmic plasma concentration was higher (39 +/- 54 ng/ml, range 3.5-170 ng/ml) after i.v. dosing than after oral dosing (14 +/- 16 ng/ml, range 1.5-48 ng/ml), suggesting an...
Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis as key pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19
Authors: Aldo Bonaventura, Alessandra Vecchié, Lorenzo Dagna, Kimberly Martinod, Dave L. Dixon, Benjamin W. Van Tassell, Francesco Dentali, Fabrizio Montecucco, Steffen Massberg, Marcel Levi, Antonio Abbate
Journal: Nature reviews. Immunology (2021)
Group B streptococcal sepsis in the piglet: effects of fluid therapy on venous return, organ edema, and organ blood flow.
Authors: M ABressack, N SMorton, JHortop
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

We investigated the physiologic effects of normal saline versus 5% albuminated saline fluid resuscitation on 10-12-day-old piglets infected with group B streptococci for four hours. After intravenously receiving 1 X 10(10) bacteria/kg over 45 minutes, one group was untreated while the two fluid-treated groups received enough intravenous fluid to maintain the baseline cardiac output. An increase in the resistance to venous blood return was the major limitation to cardiac output. The resistance nearly quadrupled in the untreated piglets as shown by a 50% decrease in cardiac output with a nearly doubling of the driving pressure for venous return (mean circulatory pressure was normal and atrial pressures decreased by 70%). In both fluid-treated groups, resistance doubled as shown by an unchanged cardiac output with a doubling of the driving pressure (mean circulatory pressure increased by 50%) and atrial pressures remained at baseline). Blood volume was 9% below control in the untreated group and 13% above co...
Effect of acidosis on intracellular pH and calcium concentration in the newborn and adult rabbit myocardium.
Authors: TNakanishi, MSeguchi, TTsuchiya, SYasukouchi, ATakao
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

This study investigated developmental changes in the effect of acidosis on intracellular pH (pHi) and [Ca]i in the isolated heart and isolated myocyte preparations. The whole heart or myocytes of newborn (5-7 days old) and adult rabbits were loaded with the fluorescent pH indicator 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcium indicator fura-2. Left ventricular pressure in the isolated heart preparation and the magnitude of cell contraction in the single-cell preparation were monitored. The heart and single cell were illuminated with excitation lights (340 and 380 nm, respectively, for fura-2 and 438 and 490 nm for BCECF). The intensity of fluorescence from the ventricular surface or from the cell was detected. [Ca]i was estimated from the following ratio: fluorescence at 505 nm during excitation at 340 nm/fluorescence at 505 nm during excitation at 380 nm. pHi was estimated from the following ratio: fluorescence at 530 nm during excitation at 490 nm/fluorescence at 530 nm during ex...
White light Endoscopy Versus Magnification Endoscopy with Optical Enhancement for the Evaluation Of H.Pylori Gastric Mucosal Changes and Atrophic Gastritis: a Randomized Trial
Authors: C Robles-Medranda, R Oleas, J Alcivar-Vasquez, M Puga-Tejada, C Cifuentes, R Del Valle, H Alvarado, D Armas, AC Lopez, H Pitanga-Lukashok
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims We aimed to compare white light endoscopy versus magnification endoscopy with an optical enhancement for the evaluation of H. pylori gastric mucosal changes and atrophic gastritis.
HDL cholesterol and mortality in Finnish men with special reference to alcohol intake.
Authors: MPaunio, O PHeinonen, JVirtamo, M JKlag, VManninen, DAlbanes, G WComstock
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDThere is substantial evidence that a low serum level of HDL cholesterol (HDLC) is a risk factor for coronary deaths. However, data on older people are scarce, and previous studies have not examined this association in relation to alcohol intake.METHODS AND RESULTSCoronary mortality, all-cause mortality, and mortality due to alcohol and violence were related to HDLC levels among 7052 male smokers 50 to 69 years old in south and west Finland enrolled from 1984 to 1988 in the ATBC (AT, alpha-tocopherol; BC, beta-carotene) Study placebo group. During the average follow-up period of 4.7 years, 620 men died; 222 of these deaths were from coronary heart disease and 82 from causes related alcohol and violence. HDLC levels were inversely associated with coronary mortality, irrespective of age, whereas high total cholesterol was positively associated with coronary mortality among the younger men, 50 to 59 years of age, but not among the older men, 60 to 69 years old. Correction for temporal variation in H...
Introduction of Two Simultaneous Mutations By Genome Editing Greatly Enhances the Accumulation of the Endogenous Fetal Hemoglobin in Human Normal Erythroid Cells
Authors: Nikoleta Psatha, Chang Li, Hongjie Wang, Demetri Dalas, George Stamatoyannopoulos, Thalia Papayannopoulou, Andre Lieber
Journal: Blood (2017)
Assessment of abnormal systolic intraventricular flow patterns by Doppler imaging in patients with left ventricular dyssynergy.
Authors: P JGarrahy, O LKwan, D CBooth, A NDeMaria
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Few data exist regarding the consequences of abnormalities of segmental contraction on intraventricular flow patterns. The development of color Doppler flow imaging has now permitted the visualization of intraventricular blood flow patterns. Therefore, we performed Doppler flow mapping in 41 patients (12 with normal left ventricular contraction, eight with hypokinesis or akinesis, and 21 with dyskinesis) and compared these findings with left ventriculography. Systolic blood flow by Doppler mapping in subjects with normal ventricular contraction was characterized primarily by flow through the left ventricular outflow tract and into the aorta. In patients with dyskinesis, paradoxical systolic flow toward the abnormal segment was present, and persisted for at least 50% of systole in 18 of 21 patients. Mean duration of paradoxical flow in dyskinetic patients was 77% of systole. Paradoxical flow was also observed in two of five patients with akinesis but in no patients with hypokinesis. A good correlation was ...
Dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy as a preoperative screening test. A reexamination of its predictive potential. Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group.
Authors: D TMangano, M JLondon, J FTubau, W SBrowner, MHollenberg, WKrupski, E LLayug, BMassie
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDWe examined the value of dipyridamole thallium-201 (201Tl) scintigraphy as a preoperative screening test for perioperative myocardial ischemia and infarction.METHODS AND RESULTSWe prospectively studied 60 patients undergoing elective vascular surgery. We performed 201Tl scintigraphy preoperatively and blinded all treating physicians to the results. Historical, clinical, laboratory, and physiological data were gathered throughout hospitalization. Myocardial ischemia was assessed during the intraoperative period using continuous 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and during the postoperative period using continuous two-lead ambulatory ECG. Adverse cardiac outcomes (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, severe ischemia, or congestive heart failure) were assessed daily throughout hospitalization. Twenty-two patients (37%) had defects that improved or reversed on delayed scintigrams (redistribution defects), 18 (30%) had persistent defects, a...