tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Curare
Authors: S. F. Durrans
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Dr. Harris does not go on to draw the obvious inference that is entailed by his statement-viz., that it would be a serious waste of rations to give this patient any at all; and even less ,does he go the whole logical hog and assert that the saving of food would be very great if all those suffering from incurable maladies were denied their rations.If Dr. Harris's contention be accepted there is no logical stopping-place before we draw the inference that we should not " waste " our substance on the incurable, the objectionable, the hereditarily inferior, and, of course, the racially unsatisfactory.Sir, our duty as doctors is to our patients, but it may be that advisers to Ministers have other primary duties; but, inasmuch as they have, they are the less doctors; and not only that, they have started down the slope, so easily descended, that ends in totalitarianism.The flower of our youth laid down its life for freedom and decency; the least we old buffers can do is to refrain from advocating the doctrines of their (and our) enemies.-1am, etc., London, W.1.A. PINEY.
Role of preoperative albumin in predicting risk of postoperative complications in patients undergoing post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND).
Authors: Rohit Badia, Farzan Jafri, Fady Baky, Jeffrey Howard, Solomon L. Woldu, Vitaly Margulis, Aditya Bagrodia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

416 Background: Testicular cancer with retroperitoneal metastases is often treated with chemotherapy, with subsequent post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) performed for residual masses after chemotherapy. While the cure rate is high, the surgery is associated with significant morbidity. Unlike in other genitourinary cancers, perioperative nutritional optimization is typically not prioritized as most patients are young, otherwise healthy men. Albumin is a systemic marker of nutritional status and has been shown to predict adverse outcomes in other urological cancers. We sought to assess whether preoperative albumin level is associated with postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing PC-RPLND. Methods: A database of patients who received PC-RPLND at our institution between 2007 and 2019 was created. Pre-RPLND albumin was obtained and correlated with postoperative outcomes using univariate and multivariable regression models. The primary outcome was the presence of major (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III) complications within 90 days of surgery. Results: Of 76 patients who underwent PC-RPLND, 70 patients had preoperative albumin values available. The median age (IQR) of patients at the time of surgery was 26 years (22 - 32) and median (IQR) preoperative albumin level was 4.4 g/dL (4.1 - 4.6). Patients with major postoperative complications had lower median preoperative albumin than those without a complication (4.1 g/dL vs. 4.4 g/dL; p = 0.03). Greater albumin level (per g/dL) was associated with a lower risk of major postoperative complications on multivariable logistic regression (OR = 0.12; p = 0.03). Other preoperative serum markers such as hemoglobin and creatinine did not associate with postoperative complications. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that preoperative albumin is an independent predictor of major postoperative complications in patients undergoing PC-RPLND. This finding demonstrates the importance of nutritional optimization even in young, otherwise healthy individuals prior to undergoing this morbid surgery. Additional studies are warranted to more reliably predict which patients may experience complications.
Premenstrual syndromes, depression linked
Authors: E. Blume
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Researchers studying premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, have uncovered intriguing connections between the menstrual cycle and a variety of psychiatric illnesses, especially major depressions. Such connections were one focus of a recent workshop on PMS held under National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) auspices in Rockville, Md. Uriel Halbreich, MD, director, Division of Behavioral Endocrinology, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, reported that about two thirds of reproductive-aged women with a history of major affective disorder are subject to significant premenstrual dysphoria (<i>Psychosom Med</i>1981;43:519-529). Conversely, most women with marked premenstrual depression have a history of psychiatric illness, and two 1975 studies showed that premenstrual dysphoria is associated with increased risk of future major depressive disorder. Because premenstrual depressive symptoms are usually not those typical of classic endogenous depression (eg, psychomotor retardation, early morning awakening, loss of appetite and weight), some investigators have concluded that PMS
Address in Medicine
Authors: J. H. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1889)

sician and the surgeon, patient, enduring, untiring, as they have been through all time, have not been in vain, and have reached their final consummaticn.CHELTENHAM (Population, 46,950).-Prevtlence of Typhoid: traced to Use of Water from Shallow Wells.-Notwithstanding the prevalence of typhoid fever during 1888, Surgeon-General Roch is a'Ule to report that the death-rate, 16.8 per 1,000, was lower than any recorded during the past fifteen years with one exception, that of 1881, when it was 15.8 per 1,000.He considers this due to a remarkable immunity from measles, the severe epidemic of 1887 having exhaustedl all the susceptible material.Of scarlet fever, only 3 genuine cases came under notice, and smallpox was entirely absent.One fatal case of diphtheria occurred, for which Mr. Roch could ascertain no other origin than the sleep- ing in a damp room on the ground floor, the paper on the walls being much mildewed.The total number of cases of typhoid fever were 107, of which the majority were traced to polluted water drawn from shallow wells in the low-lying parts of the town.Thirty-one deaths resulted, while diarrhoea caused 15, chiefly among infants.The zymotic death-rate for the year was 1.28 per 1,000.Mr. Roch again strongly condemns the use of water derived from shallow wells in the district.They are liable to gross pollution, and when it is remembered that there is an excellent public service available, the continued use of such wells is inexcusable.So long as they are continued in use the town will, in Mr. Roch's opinion, be subject, under certain conditions of rain- fall, to a reappearance of fever.
Ingrowing Toenails
Authors: A. W. Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1963)

must be inhaled in order to produce asbestesis ?" Although we have no answer directly applicable to man, we do have some indirect evidence that fairly heavy concentrations of asbestos dust are required to produce alveolar fibrosis in animals.Thus, in one experimental investigation' exposure to inadequate concentra- tions of asbestos dust has been held responsible for the dictum that short- fibred asbestos dust was non-pathogenic,' a concept now believed erroneous.4'-Wehave found 10 mg. of short-fibred chryso- tile dust injected intratracheally in rats to produce only transient focal fibrosis' and exposure of guinea-pigs and rats to ex- tremely fine chrysotile dust (19 mg./ c.mm.) for three and a half months resulted in barely perceptible fibrosis in some animals and none in others as long as 10 months later.The implications in Professor Thom- son's communications point up the need for more direct data than are now avail- able on the minimal amount of asbestos dust required for the production of recog- nizable asbestotic alveolar fibrosis.Our present information, although indirect, suggests that asbestos dust is less patho- genic than is quartz dust on a weight for weight basis.-Iam, etc.,
Deputising services.
Authors: R A Dixon, B T Williams
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Changing social-class distribution of heart disease SIR,-Dr M G Marmot and others (21 October, p 1109) have reported that changes in "con- sumptions of sugar and, to a lesser extent, milk" may be related to changes in social-class mortality from heart disease (non-valvular and hypertensive)-not in prevalence, as the title of the article might suggest.Their food data from the National Food Survey Commit- tee do not take into account possible social- class differences and changes in food con- sumption outside the home.Global epidemiological evidence on total consumptions indi- cates that milk is more likely than sugar to be aetiologically implicated in ischaemic heart disease.'
Announcement Spotlight Issue on Role of Nutrition in Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Disease
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Cardiovascular Research publishes occasional Spotlight Issues devoted to a specific research topic.These issues usually contain a number of expert reviews.In addition, a major part of each issue is reserved for original research papers.All papers are subjected to the normal peer review process (an editorial decision is usually made within 22 days of receipt of any manuscript).
Diabetic ketoalkalosis.
Authors: E Melrose, A Morgan, A D Harrower, A W Smith
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Myasthenic syndrome during treatment with practolol SIR,-The myasthenic syndrome during treat- ment with large doses of practolol described by Drs R 0 Hughes and F J Zacharias (21 February, p 460) appears to be a clinical manifestation of the effect of 3-adrenoceptor blocking agents on the neuromuscular junction observed in animals.Like other members of this group of drugs' 2 practolol has a curare- like action, as shown in sciatic nerve- gastrocnemius preparations of the cat:' and frog and in the frog sciatic nerve-sartorius preparation and rectus abdominis muscle.2 4 The dosage required to depress neuromuscular transmission was larger for practolol than for propranolol.Though the patient's electromyogram, presumably taken in the resting state, was normai, it would be of great interest to know whether in the myasthenic state repetitive nerve stimulation evoked a gradually declining response of the muscle and whether even in the absence of the myasthenic syndrome the patient was particularly prone to fatigue.As in experimental animals the neuromuscular effects of '3-adrenoceptor blockers are readily reversible the risk of a relapse of the myas- thenic syndrome seems to be remote.How- ever, the patient may be hypersensitive to D-tubocurarine and related agents and also to drugs with a local anaesthetic action, like quinidine.
Royal Albert Asylum, Lancaster
Journal: BMJ (1898)

This is a training school for feeble-minded children; and it admits free patients, between the ages of six and fifteen, whose friends are proved to be unable to meet the lowest payments, and who belong to the counties of Lancashire, Yorkshiie, Cheshire, Westmorland, Cumberland, and Northumberland.These children are elected by the sub- scribers for a stated number of years, while paying cases are admitted without election at charges varying according to attendant circumstances.Last autumn the asylum issued its forty-second annual report, from which we learn that during the thirty-six years ending in 1906, it had admitted 2,663 children; that 396 of these were discharged much improved ; 532 moder-
Officials of the Association
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DRUG ERUPTIONS
Authors: G. Pernet
Journal: BMJ (1903)

DRUG ERUPTIONS.r.=n "I3 Fig. i.-Cat; ipoh, about 2 mg., injected into jugular vein.\J Fir.2.-Gradual fall in blood pressure and late arrest of respiration brought about by the second of two injections of ipoh.each of x ng.3.It causes2passing clonic spasms of the voluntary muscles.When mammals or birds are subjected to its action marked gastro-intestinal symptoms are usually added to the above effects.Certain birds are, however, comparatively immune.My preparations of antiarin, a crystalline glucoside, the active principle of ipoh, lacked the convulsive effect of the crude substance, thus differing physiologically as well as chemically from Kiliani's antiarin, investigated by Hedbom, although in its purely cardia' toxicity it was at least as active as Kiliani's.In conclusion, I wish to express my thanks to Dr. J. B. Leathes for much kind help and advice throughout this inves- tigation. CENTENARIANS IN THE UNITED STATES.-According to theUnited States census for igoo there are 3,536 persons in the United States who are IoO or more years of age.The value of these figures is, however, somewhat discounted by the fact that 72.8 per cent. of the whole number are negroes ; many are very hazy as to the date of their birth.It is improbable, as pointed out by the Journal of the American Medical Association, that the United States should have over 3,500 cen-
Pertussis vaccine.
Authors: T W Meade
Journal: BMJ (1981)

notable for their absence among women with subarachnoid haemorrhage and their controls.As in most series, the number of individuals with myocardial infarction, and especially with subarachnoid haemorrhage, is very small.We hope that the authors will be able to evaluate a case series of sufficient size to address the concern that current use, particularly of high- potency or high-dose oestrogens, may have grave effects, such as those described in older studies on prostate cancer4 5 and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.6
The Better Control of Ophthalmia Neonatorum
Authors: James Stotter
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor</h3> —InThe Journal, Aug. 30, 1913, p. 634, Dr. A. Jacobi, the retiring president, states that "in 108 cases of ophthalmia neonatorum that are reported by various eye clinics, sixty-two patients were attended by physicians, forty-three by midwives, and three by neighbors . . . It so happened that all the cases of total blindness occurred in the practice of physicians." Yet we find that the punitive measures of the proposed bill are directed against the midwife most of all. Truly, there is plenty of material for the lawyer of sporting instinct, keen for employment in any possible claim against the opulent physician and the dividend-paying hospital association, but in the main it is the midwife that is to be regulated. About six years ago I vainly tried to interest the health authorities of Cleveland in a consistent policy of saving the eyes of the newly-born. Instead, there followed an
CDK6 Is a Therapeutic Target in Myelofibrosis
Authors: Avik Dutta, Dipmoy Nath, Yue Yang, Bao T. Le, Golam Mohi
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Myelofibrosis (myelofibrosis) is a deadly blood neoplasia with the worst prognosis among myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The JAK2 inhibitors ruxolitinib and fedratinib have been approved for treatment of myelofibrosis, but they do not offer significant improvement of bone marrow fibrosis. CDK6 expression is significantly elevated in MPN/myelofibrosis hematopoietic progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib alone or in combination with ruxolitinib in Jak2V617F and MPLW515L murine models of myelofibrosis. Treatment with palbociclib alone significantly reduced leukocytosis and splenomegaly and inhibited bone marrow fibrosis in Jak2V617F and MPLW515L mouse models of myelofibrosis. Combined treatment of palbociclib and ruxolitinib resulted in normalization of peripheral blood leukocyte counts, marked reduction of spleen size, and abrogation of bone marrow fibrosis in murine models of myelofibrosis. Palbociclib treatment also preferentially inhibited Jak2V617F mutant hematopoietic progenitors in mice. Mechanistically, treatment with palbociclib or depletion of CDK6 inhibited Aurora kinase, NF-κB, and TGFβ signaling pathways in Jak2V617F mutant hematopoietic cells and attenuated expression of fibrotic markers in the bone marrow. Overall, these data suggest that palbociclib in combination with ruxolitinib may have therapeutic potential for treatment of myelofibrosis and support the clinical investigation of this drug combination in patients with myelofibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that CDK6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with ruxolitinib ameliorates myelofibrosis, suggesting this drug combination could be an effective therapeutic strategy against this devastating blood disorder.
ON ANKYLOSTOMIASIS
Authors: O. Baker
Journal: BMJ (1903)

I maintain it has yet to be shown that the presence of this parasite gives rise to a specific disorder to which the term ankylostomiasis can be applied.McConnell's discovery attracted but little notice, and was';soon lost sight of.Eight -years later-in 1887-the parasite was again found at necropsies made in Madras.There is, however, nothing on record in the medical press of India to show that the ova of this parasite had been identified in the dejecta until the following year.when attention was called in the columns of the Indian Medical Gazette by a Bengal sur- geon stationed in Burmah to the serious nature of ankylostomiasis.This officer pointed out that the parasite was extremely prevalent, and produced great mortality; also that it was the -cause of much of the gaol debility seen in prisons, a disease which at that period was a veritable bete noire to gaol admini- *strators; he, moreover, advised that the dejecta of all patients suffering from anaemia, debility, or dropsy of obscure origin should invariably be searched for ankylostoma ova.The communication in which theee views and observations were -embodied received very limited notice, and was, apparently, soon altogether forgotten.The next occasion in which life 'was infused into the subject was when Giles. who had been investigating the nature of kala-azar, made the astonishing announcement that this disease was, in his opinion, simply ankylostomiasis occurring in a malaria-stricken district.From this period ankylostomiasis has repeatedly engaged the attention of Indian medical officers, but it has not yet received in India more than a fraction of the consideration its importance demands.Only a little more than a year ago, in consequence of the prevalence of so-called gaol scurvy, a term applied to denote a condition of swollen gums associated with anaemia, amongst the convicts in a certain prison, an inquiry into the matter revealed that the disease in question was ankylostomiasis.Thymol was then obtained and used, when, according to the superintendent, Dr. Reilly, all the imen recovered, some being saved, as it were, from the grave.Nomenclature.The parasite of ankylostomiasis, to which many synonyms
Prognostic impact of serum cytokeratin 19 fragments in patient with metastatic urothelial cancer treated with immune checkpoint inihibitors.
Authors: Yuki Endo, Go Kimura, Jun Akatsuka, Hayato Takeda, Masato Yanagi, Hikaru Mikami, Shunsuke Ikuma, Yuka Toyama, Yukihiro Kondo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

555 Background: Recent clinical trials such as Keynote-045, EV-201 and Javelin bladder100 have provided new therapeutic agents for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, the only tool that can evaluate the therapeutic responses is a radiological criteria, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) in mUC. In the clinical practice, biomarkers that can predict the efficacy and prognosis of various agents are essential to treat these patients, and the search for such biomarkers is urgently needed. We reported that Performance status ≥ 1, liver metastasis and elevated serum cytokeratin 19 fragments (sCYFRA) are the prognostic factors for first-line cytotoxic cheomotherapy (CTC) for mUC. In this study we evaluated pretreated clinical biomarkers including sCYFRA that can predict overall survival (OS) in patients with mUC treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Methods: Thirty four patients with mUC received pembrolizuab (PB) from February 2018 to July 2020 at our institution. We retrospectively collected performance status, metastasis site, blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), hemoglobin (Hb), and serum levels of lactose dehydrogenase (LD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reacted protein (CRP), total protein, albumin, corrected calcium (Ca), carbohydrate antigen19-9, sCYFRA before PB was administered. OS rate were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was carried out using the Cox hazards model. Objective Response rate (ORR) was evaluated based on RECIST (version 1.1). Results: Of 34 patients (Pts), with median age of 73(31-86), during the median follow-up period of 25 (7-126) months, 21patients (65%) had died. Median OS was 9.2 months (0.2-33.4), A 1-year OS rate was 33%. ORR was 33% and 9 Pts was SD (27%) and 14 pts (40%) was progressive disease. On univariate analysis, bone metastasis (p=0.028), LD (p=0.003), ALP (p=0.001), Ca (p=0.003) and sCYFRA (p=0.001) were the significant prognostic factor for OS. On multivariate analysis, ALP (HR9.2, 95%CI [2.89-135.9], p=0.002), Ca (HR7.3, (95%CI [2.36-22.49], p=0.001), sCYFRA (HR 5.0, 95%CI [1.63-15.55], p=0.005) were the significant prognostic factor for OS. Based on these 3 factors we divided pts into three groups, good risk (G1,0 factor), intermediate risk (G2, 1 factor) and poor risk (G3, 2-3 factors)3. There was a significant difference between the three groups for OS on K-M curve (G1 vs G2, p=0.001, G2vs G3, p=0.009). Conclusions: sCYFRA, ALP and Ca were the independent prognostic factors for OS in patients with mUC treated with ICI. sCYFRA was the independent prognostic factor for OS in the 1st line CTC and 2nd line ICI and it can be a prognostic factor though those therapies.
Opacification and border delineation improvement in patients with suboptimal endocardial border definition on routine echocardiography: Results of a phase III albunex®multi-center trial
Authors: Linda J. Crouse, Jorge Cheirif, Joseph A. Kisslo, Arthur J. Labovitz, Joel S. Raichlen, Ronald W. Schutz, Pravin M. Shah, Mikel D. Smith
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)