tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quality assurance
Authors: S. F. Jencks
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The most important development in quality assurance in the past few years has been a shift in focus from processes of care to outcomes of care. A growing role for governments and large purchasers and an increasing use of large data sets has accompanied this change of focus. At least three states (Pennsylvania, Iowa, and Colorado) now have a state commission that must collect data on the quality of care in the state's hospitals. All three commissions have chosen an approach based on collecting clinical data that will allow comparison of risk-adjusted outcomes among hospitals. Other states, including Maryland, Ohio, New Hampshire, Washington, and Maine, are engaged in state-level voluntary or official activities aimed at comparing hospital performance, physician activities in small areas, or outcomes of various kinds of care. Third parties are intensely and aggressively interested in the quality and appropriateness of care. Business coalitions are largely responsible for
A maneuver to reverse Raynaud's phenomenon of the fingers
Authors: D. R. McIntyre
Journal: JAMA (1978)

MORE than just a medical curiosity, Raynaud's phenomenon causes discomfort, vexation, and, sometimes, disability. Measures currently used to treat Raynaud's phenomenon include vasodilating drugs, sympathectomy, and avoidance of local and general body cooling. In 30% to 40% of affected persons, there are detectable underlying causes, eg, connective tissue disease; chronic occlusive arterial diseases; thoracic outlet syndromes; intoxication with ergot, lead, or arsenic; occupational trauma; cold agglutinins; cryoglobulins; peripheral nervous system diseases; and late results of cold injury. Naturally, seeking underlying causes is an integral part of treating patients with the condition. The success of Vermont skiers in warming their cold hands by whirling their arms beckoned a similar approach toward Raynaud's phenomenon. Here is the maneuver that evolved: While standing, the patient swings the affected extremity briskly at approximately 80 rpm in the direction that a softball pitcher would move the arm, ie, downward behind the body, upward in front
MICHIGAN TURNS DOWN CHIROPRACTORS
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allergy in Clinical Practice
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
When I use a word . . . . Lexicographical anniversaries
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2022)

We commonly celebrate the anniversaries of events. We often celebrate personal events every year and more general events less often, typically in multiples of 10 or a hundred. However, we do not celebrate the anniversaries of the dates on which words entered our language. In many cases we know very precisely when a word entered the written language, or at least within a few years, and studying those birthdates can give insights into the ways in which a subject has developed over time. For example, of 792 medical words that entered the English language in the 1970s and 1980s, 32% were words relating to pharmacology, compared with 19% relating to biochemistry, 12% to microbiology, and only 6% to genetics. Although an analysis of this sort does not demonstrate the general importance of these activities, it does give insights into the extent and nature of the different types of activities that were taking place during that period.
Twin studies
Authors: H. H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Interest in twins has its origin in mythology. Thus, Romulus and Remus, sons of Mars, founded Rome—no mean accomplishment for any two men, even sucklings of a she-wolf. Although they may have been dizygotic and male, they were anything but fraternal. Witness the story that Romulus quarreled with Remus and killed him. Another mythical pair, Castor and Pollux, remained friendly and fared better. As Gemini, they reached the heavens whence they could appear as St Elmo's fire to reassure storm-ridden sailors of benign friendship. Medical interest in twinship is more practical and has enhanced understanding of genetic influences in the etiology of disease. This has been especially true for studies of large collections of twins that permit long-term follow-up, as in the US Veterans Administration Twin Registry and the Swedish Twin Registry. For instance, the latter collection has demonstrated a significantly higher concordance rate for ischemic heart disease among male
A Correction
Authors: Mabel Russell, D Camb, E Phillips, W Reynolds, R Robertson, W Scott, E Simpson, R Van Someren, W Stevenson, H Stumbles, H Taylor, J Tennant, L Thatcher, E Thomas, G Twomey, A Walbrugh, G Wallis, H Welsh, . Li, A Yates
Journal: BMJ (1910)

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES.[IBs 4 and chiggers, and probably thus helps to prevent the pro- pagation of the diseases mentioned.Until some other means can be invented, I protest that in tropical climates for the prevention of typhoid, dysenter, ankylostomiasis, plague, tuberculosis, leprosy, we fid the free use of chemical disinfectants invaluable.-I am, etc.,
J Laboratory &amp;amp; Clinical Medicine, St. Louis
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preliminary analysis of influenza A(H1N1)v individual and aggregated case reports from EU and EFTA countries
Authors: None ECDC working group on influenza A(H1N1)v
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Since the first importation of influenza A(H1N1)v virus to Europe in late April of this year, surveillance data have been collected in the Member States of the European Union and European Free Trade Association. This is the first preliminary analysis of aggregated and individual data available as of 8 June 2009 at European level.
Booster Vaccination to Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Infection
Authors: Anna Wald
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Avishay Spitzer, MD; Yoel Angel, MD, MBA; Or Marudi, MSc; David Zeltser, MD, MHA; Esther Saiag, MD, MHA; Hanoch Goldshmidt, PhD, MBA; Ilana Goldiner, PhD, MHA; Moshe Stark, PhD; Ora Halutz, MSc; Ronni Gamzu, MD, PhD, MBA, LLB; Marina Slobodkin, MD; Nadav Amrami, MD; Eugene Feigin, MD; Meital Elbaz, MD; Moran Furman, MD; Yotam Bronstein, MD; Amanda Chikly, MD; Anna Eshkol, MD; Victoria Furer, MD; Talia Mayer, MD, MHA; Suzy Meijer, MD; Ariel Melloul, MD; Michal Mizrahi, MD; Michal Yakubovsky, MD; Dana Rosenberg, MD; Ari Safir, MD; Liron Spitzer, MD; Eyal Taleb, MD; Ori Elkayam, MD; Adi Silberman, MD; Tali Eviatar, MD; Ofir Elalouf, MD; Tal Levinson, MD; Katia Pozyuchenko, MSc; Ayelet Itzhaki-Alfia, PhD; Eli Sprecher, MD, PhD, MBA; Ronen Ben-Ami, MD; Oryan Henig, MD
A review of studies into skin symptoms of COVID‐19
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

COronaVIrus is an infection due to a virus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).This virus was first identified in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 and, subsequently, it has rapidly spread throughout the world.Although the most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, shortness of breath, headache and muscle pain, skin manifestations (symptoms) associated with this disease have been reported more and more frequently in recent times.In this review article, we have gathered clinical data on COVID-19-associated skin manifestations by analysing the articles published up to the 30th of April 2020 and available on the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.Based on the clinical appearance of the skin manifestations, six main patterns have been recognized: i) urticarial rash, ii) confluent erythematous/maculopapular/morbilliform rash, iii) papulovesicular exanthem, iv) chilblain-like acral pattern, v) livedo reticularis/racemosa-like pattern, and vi) purpuric "vasculitic" pattern.The clinical (how they look) and histopathological (from skin samples) features of these manifestations are discussed in detail in the manuscript.In view of the low number of experimental studies on this absolutely new topic, the exact mechanisms explaining the occurrence of such different skin lesions in COVID-19 patients need to be further explored.Likewise, the possible correlation between skin manifestations and disease severity will be the subject of future studies.However, at the present time, clinicians, and particularly dermatologists, should be aware that the presence of certain cutaneous (skin) findings could indicate COVID-19 and help to identify potentially contagious cases.
Garlic exosome-like nanoparticles reverse high-fat diet induced obesity via the gut/brain axis
Authors: Kumaran Sundaram, Jingyao Mu, Anil Kumar, Jyotirmaya Behera, Chao Lei, Mukesh K Sriwastva, Fangyi Xu, Gerald W Dryden, Lifeng Zhang, ShaoYu Chen, Jun Yan, Xiang Zhang, Juw Won Park, Michael L Merchant, Neetu Tyagi, Yun Teng, Huang-Ge Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Background: Obesity is becoming a global epidemic and reversing the pathological processes underlying obesity and metabolic co-morbidities is challenging.Obesity induced chronic inflammation including brain inflammation is a hallmark of obesity via the gut-brain axis.The objective of this study was to develop garlic exosome-like nanoparticles (GaELNs) that inhibit systemic as well as brain inflammatory activity and reverse a HFD induced obesity in mice.Methods: GELNs were isolated and administrated orally into HFD fed mice.GaELNs were fluorescent labeled for monitoring their in vivo trafficking route after oral administration and quantified the number particles in several tissues.The brain inflammation was determined by measuring inflammatory cytokines by ELISA and real-time PCR.Mitochondrial membrane permeability of microglial cells was determined using JC-10 fluorescence dye.The in vivo apoptotic cell death was quantified by TUNEL assay.The brain metabolites were identified and quantified by LC-MS analysis.Memory function of the mice was determined by several memory functional analysis.The effect of GaELNs on glucose and insulin response of the mice was determined by glucose and insulin tolerance tests.c-Myc localization and interaction with BASP1 and calmodulin was determined by confocal microscopy.Results: Our results show that GaELNs is preferentially taken up microglial cells and inhibits the brain inflammation in HFD mice.GaELN phosphatidic acid (PA) (36:4) is required for the uptake of GaELNs via interaction with microglial BASP1.Formation of the GaELNs/BASP1 complex is required for inhibition of c-Myc mediated expression of STING.GaELN PA binds to BASP1, leading to inhibition of c-Myc expression and activity through competitively binding to CaM with c-Myc transcription factor.Inhibition of STING activity leads to reducing the expression of an array of inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ and TNF-α.IFN-γ induces the expression of IDO1, which in turn the metabolites generated as IDO1 dependent manner activate the AHR pathway that contributes to developing obesity.The metabolites derived from the GaELNs treated microglial cells promote neuronal differentiation and inhibit mitochondrial mediated neuronal cell death.GaELNs treated HFD mice showed improved memory function and increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in these mice.Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate how nanoparticles from a healthy diet can inhibit unhealthy high-fat diet induced brain inflammation and reveal a link between brain microglia/diet to brain inflammatory disease outcomes via diet-derived exosome-like nanoparticles.
A Text-Book of Human Physiology, including Histology and Microscopic Anatomy, with special reference to the Requirements of Practical Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P120: Racial Differences in Midlife Brain Health and the Role of Cardiometabolic Risk
Authors: Dana R Jorgensen, Dora C Kuan, Akira Sekikawa, Peter J Gianaros
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Blacks are at a higher risk for adverse brain-related outcomes, including stroke and dementia. Due to associations of vascular risk factors with brain health, differences in brain health may result from a greater burden of vascular risk factors in blacks, especially in midlife. However, the role of vascular risk factors in midlife racial disparities in brain health have been underexplored. We thus examined racial differences in midlife brain health and tested whether vascular and metabolic risk factors partly explain cross-sectional racial differences. Hypothesis: A composite cardiometabolic risk (CMR) score statistically mediates cross-sectional relationships between race and brain health measures. Methods: 747 adults (20.6% black) aged 30–54, underwent MRI to assess cerebral blood flow (CBF) and morphology. Components of composite CMR were: body mass index, waist circumference, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, SBP, and DBP. Mediation was tested using the PROCESS v2.14 macro. All models were adjusted for age, sex, income, education, and intracranial volume. Results: Blacks exhibited lower gray matter volume, smaller hippocampi, less cortical surface area, and a thinner cerebral cortex than whites (all p’s&lt;0.05). We observed no significant differences in CBF by race. CMR partially mediated the association of race with gray matter volume (6.94% mediation) and cortical surface area (9.33% mediation). Independent of CMR, there was a direct effect of race on hippocampal volume, cortical surface area, and cortical thickness. The effect was equivalent to: 6.9, 9.59, 13.06, and 9.98 years of aging, respectively. Conclusions: Race differences in some indicators of brain health are evident in midlife. Cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors may partly explain some of these differences. These results have implications for understanding vascular contributions to disparities in brain health prior to the onset of stroke and other clinical outcomes.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: P. M. WILCOX
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

BOOK REVIEWS Breast Implants: Everything You Need to Know , Nancy Bruning . Alameda, Calif : Hunter House , 1992 . 114 pp., illus. $7.95. ISBN 0-89793-119-X PATTI M. WILCOX, R.N., C.S., A.N.P. PATTI M. WILCOX, R.N., C.S., A.N.P. The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center550 N. Broadway, Suite 1003, Baltimore, MD 21205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 17, 1 September 1993, Page 1428, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.17.1428 Published: 01 September 1993
Therapeutic Memoranda
Authors: J. A. Symonds
Journal: BMJ (1868)

l'nmyStci AS who have been busy in practice arc sometimes asked whether they liave recordled the results of large and long experience, ,,speciallY in regardl to what they have found to be the most successfurl ,letlliKds of dealinig with various diseases.The answer, in a great pro- .,ortioll of instances, has been, that the very labotir which woul(d pro- dutce this amotLnt of experience is enouglh for the strength of the practitoner, wshose intervals of rest anid recreation are but too few and short t bear the encroachment of self-imposed toil involved in the work so naturally stuggested to him.Butt other considerations come in the way i)f sllcl employmieint.Thosc who have been most actively arid thouight-
SARS-CoV-2 prolonged infection during advanced HIV disease evolves extensive immune escape
Authors: Sandile Cele, Farina Karim, Gila Lustig, James Emmanuel San, Tandile Hermanus, Houriiyah Tegally, Jumari Snyman, Thandeka Moyo-Gwete, Eduan Wilkinson, Mallory Bernstein, Khadija Khan, Shi-Hsia Hwa, Sasha W. Tilles, Lavanya Singh, Jennifer Giandhari, Ntombifuthi Mthabela, Matilda Mazibuko, Yashica Ganga, Bernadett I. Gosnell, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Willem Hanekom, Wesley C. Van Voorhis, Thumbi Ndung’u, Richard J. Lessells, Penny L. Moore, Mahomed-Yunus S. Moosa, Tulio de Oliveira, Alex Sigal
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2022)

Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 evolution in specific geographies may help predict properties of the variants that come from these regions. We mapped neutralization of a SARS-CoV-2 strain that evolved over 6 months from ancestral virus in a person with advanced HIV disease in South Africa; this person was infected prior to emergence of the Beta and Delta variants. We longitudinally tracked the evolved virus and tested it against self-plasma and convalescent plasma from ancestral, Beta, and Delta infections. Early virus was similar to ancestral, but it evolved a multitude of mutations found in Omicron and other variants. It showed substantial but incomplete Pfizer BNT162b2 escape, weak neutralization by self-plasma, and despite pre-dating Delta, it also showed extensive escape of Delta infection-elicited neutralization. This example is consistent with the notion that SARS-CoV-2 evolving in individual immune-compromised hosts, including those with advanced HIV disease, may gain immune escape of vaccines and enhanced escape of Delta immunity, and this has implications for vaccine breakthrough and reinfections.