tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Incidence by Age, Sex, and Period Among Persons Aged &lt;25 Years — 16 U.S. Jurisdictions, January 1–December 31, 2020
Authors: Miriam E. Van Dyke, Maria C.B. Mendoza, Wen Li, Erin M. Parker, Brook Belay, Elizabeth M. Davis, Joshua J. Quint, Ana Penman-Aguilar, Kristie E.N. Clarke
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States.Whereas racial and ethnic disparities in severe COVID-19-associated outcomes, including mortality, have been documented (1-3), less is known about populationbased disparities in infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.In addition, although persons aged <30 years account for approximately one third of reported infections, § there is limited information on racial and ethnic disparities in infection among young persons over time and by sex and age.Based on 689,672 U.S. COVID-19 cases reported to CDC's case-based surveillance system by jurisdictional health departments, racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 incidence among persons aged <25 years in 16 U.S. jurisdictions ¶ were described by age group and sex and across three periods during January 1-December 31, 2020.During January-April, COVID-19 incidence was substantially higher among most racial and ethnic minority groups compared with that among non-Hispanic White (White) persons (rate ratio [RR] range = 1.09-4.62).During May-August, the RR increased from 2.49 to 4.57 among non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NH/PI) persons but decreased among other racial and ethnic minority groups (RR range = 0.52-2.82).Decreases in disparities were observed during September-December (RR range = 0.37-1.69);these decreases were largely because of a greater increase in incidence among White persons, rather than a decline in incidence among racial and ethnic minority groups.NH/PI, non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) persons experienced the largest persistent disparities over the entire period.Ensuring equitable and timely access to preventive measures, including testing, safe work and education settings, and vaccination when eligible is important to address racial/ethnic disparities.Population-based COVID-19 incidence (cases per 100,000 persons) by race and ethnicity, sex, and age was calculated
Physician Videos Improve COVID-19 Knowledge Among Minorities: The Journal of the American Medical Association
Authors: Anita M. A. Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Informational videos starring physicians modestly improved coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) knowledge among US Black and Latino adults regardless of the clinician's race, according to a trial published in the Annals of Internal Medicine  The study' 14 267 participants viewed 3 COVID-19 videos featuring 3 physicians  The videos covered basics about the virus and the importance of social distancing, hygiene, and face masks  The intervention group viewed the videos and then answered questions about them;the control group answered questions first
The Cost and Safety of Insulin in Older Adults
Authors: Elbert S. Huang, Kasia J. Lipska
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Surface modification of electrospun fibers with mechano-growth factor for mitigating the foreign-body reaction
Authors: Yang Song, Linhao Li, Weikang Zhao, Yuna Qian, Lili Dong, Yunnan Fang, Li Yang, Yubo Fan
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

The implantation of synthetic polymeric scaffolds induced foreign-body reaction (FBR) seriously influence the wound healing and impair functionality recovery. A novel short peptide, mechano-growth factor (MGF), was introduced in this study to modify an electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibrous scaffold to direct the macrophage phenotype transition and mitigate the FBR. In vitro studies discovered the cell signal transduction mechanism of MGF regulates the macrophage polarization via the expression of related genes and proteins. We found that macrophages response the MGF stimuli via endocytosis, then MGF promotes the histone acetylation and upregulates the STAT6 expression to direct an anti-inflammatory phenotype transition. Subsequently, an immunoregulatory electrospun PCL fibrous scaffold was modified by silk fibroin (SF) single-component layer-by-layer assembly, and the SF was decorated with MGF via click chemistry. Macrophages seeded on scaffold to identify the function of MGF modified scaffold in directing macrophage polarization in vitro. Parallelly, rat subcutaneous implantation model and rat tendon adhesion model were performed to detect the immunomodulatory ability of the MGF-modified scaffold in vivo. The results demonstrate that MGF-modified scaffold is beneficial to the transformation of macrophages to M2 phenotype in vitro. More importantly, MGF-functionalized scaffold can inhibit the FBR at the subcutaneous tissue and prevent tissue adhesion.
Impact of anxiety, stress and depression related to COVID‐19 pandemic on the course of hereditary angioedema with C1‐inhibitor deficiency
Authors: Deniz Eyice Karabacak, Semra Demir, Osman Ozan Yeğit, Ali Can, Kadriye Terzioğlu, Derya Ünal, Müge Olgaç, Raif Coşkun, Bahauddin Çolakoğlu, Suna Büyüköztürk, Aslı Gelincik
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks can be provoked with psychological factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of anxiety, depression and stress related to COVID-19 pandemic on disease activity of HAE patients during the quarantine period (QP) and the return to normal period (RTNP).
Treatment-free remission following frontline nilotinib in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: 5-year update of the ENESTfreedom trial
Authors: Jerald P. Radich, Andreas Hochhaus, Tamás Masszi, Andrzej Hellmann, Jesper Stentoft, María Teresa Gómez Casares, J. Valentín García-Gutiérrez, Eibhlin Conneally, Philipp D. le Coutre, Norbert Gattermann, Bruno Martino, Susanne Saussele, Francis J. Giles, David M. Ross, Paola Aimone, Sai Li, Ksenia Titorenko, Giuseppe Saglio
Journal: Leukemia (2021)

Abstract The ENESTfreedom trial assessed the feasibility of treatment-free remission (TFR) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) following frontline nilotinib treatment. Results for long-term outcomes after a 5-year follow-up are presented herein. Patients who had received ≥2 years of frontline nilotinib therapy and achieved MR 4.5 underwent a 1-year nilotinib treatment consolidation phase before attempting TFR. At the 5-year data cut-off, 81/190 patients entering the TFR phase (42.6%) were still in TFR, with 76 (40.0%) in MR 4.5 . Patients who lost major molecular response (MMR) entered a treatment re-initiation phase; 90/91 patients entering this phase (98.9%) regained MMR and 84/91 patients (92.3%) regained MR 4.5 . The Kaplan–Meier estimated treatment-free survival rate at 5 years was 48.2%. No disease progression or CML-related deaths were reported. Whereas the incidence of adverse events (AEs) declined from 96 weeks following the start of TFR, an increase in AE frequency was observed for patients in the treatment re-initiation phase. Low Sokal risk score, BCR-ABL1 IS levels at 48 weeks of TFR and stable MR 4.5 response for the first year of TFR were associated with higher TFR rates. Overall, these results support the efficacy and safety of attempting TFR following upfront nilotinib therapy of &gt;3 years in patients with CML-CP.
Cultural challenges are limiting changes to social care
Authors: Gabrielle Silver
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Manthorpe and Iliffe state that sustainability in the care home market is intrinsically linked to self-payers subsidising local authority funded placements.1 As described, this imbalance and chronic underfunding for local authority placements is unsustainable—it needs examination and an open and honest conversation.

I work for an organisation that supports people in their transition between health and social care. We work alongside NHS teams as a dedicated support for patients and their families who are inevitably experiencing …
<i>JAMA Network Open</i>—The Year in Review, 2020
Authors: Frederick P. Rivara, Stephan D. Fihn
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Life changed for all of us in 2020 because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its myriad consequences for everyone around the globe.Two centuries ago, Tolstoy said, "Happy families are all alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way." 1 So, too, with the COVID-19 pandemic: how each of us and our families are affected has been highly individual.The COVID-19 pandemic affected JAMA Network Open, but in a very positive way.The mission of the journal has never been more relevant than during this past year: to be "an international, peerreviewed, open access, general medical journal that publishes research on clinical care, innovation in health care, health policy, and global health across all health disciplines and countries for clinicians, investigators, and policy makers." 2 As an open access journal, all of our content is immediately free to readers everywhere, whether they are investigators, clinicians, public health experts, policy makers, or the general public.At a time when science is undermined by false information from individuals with specific agendas and widely disseminated across the web, the ability to publish facts and data daily to inform health care and health policy underscores the critical mission of the journal.Score, which is a weighted count of mentions of an article in mainstream news, social media, blogs, and policy documents.The top articles for JAMA Network Open in 2020 were all related to COVID-19, and each had more than 300 000 views, with remarkably high Altmetric Attention Scores.
肺静脈の電気的隔離時に観察される「クロストーク」現象を検討するための臨床試験
Authors: Kato Nobutaka, Okishige Kaoru, Iwai Shinsuke, Asano Mitsutoshi, Ihara Kensuke, Suzuki Hidetoshi, Shimabuku Tsukasa, Hatakeyama Yuko, Aoyagi Hideshi, Kurabayashi Manabu, Azegami Koji, Hirao Kenzo, Isobe Mitsuaki
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Acute Allergic Reactions to mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Kimberly G. Blumenthal, Lacey B. Robinson, Carlos A. Camargo, Erica S. Shenoy, Aleena Banerji, Adam B. Landman, Paige Wickner
Journal: JAMA (2021)

38.3%) were tested on days 9 to 14.Of the 134 student contacts tested on day 3, 14 (10.4%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Of the 839 student contacts tested on days 9 to 14, 40 (4.8%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Of the 388 student contacts in high school who were tested, 32 (8.2%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection on days 9 to 14 compared with 8 (1.8%) of 451 student contacts in elementar y and middle school who tested positive (P < .001;Table ).Among 799 student contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases with a negative test result on days 9 to 14, only 1 student became symptomatic after returning to school and had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result on day 14 after an initial negative test result on day 9.The virus from this student was genetically distinct from the virus isolated from the confirmed COVID-19 case to which the student had been exposed (GenBank confirmed case: MW307809; GenBank 9-day student contact: MW308137).Loss of instruction decreased by 3649 days with the 9-day testing protocol (8097 days missed) compared with a theoretical 14-day quarantine without testing (11 746 days missed).Discussion | In this study of a 9-day testing protocol for student contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases in 1 Florida county, a reduction in loss of instructional time was found that was less than what would have occurred with a 14-day quarantine.There was no evidence that an earlier return to school with a negative test result was linked with subsequent symptomatic illness.Had students returned to school before day 14 without testing on day 9 or thereafter, 8.2% of high school contacts would have returned to school with SARS-CoV-2 infection.These findings should be considered when evaluating the December 2020 CDC recommendation for a 10-day quarantine without testing or a 7-day quarantine with testing. 5 Limitations of this study include (1) contact testing ranging from days 9 to 14; (2) lack of testing for students who quarantined for 14 days; and (3) use of symptomatic illness alone for follow-up of negative test results.
Microbial transitions from health to disease
Authors: Susan Joseph, Michael A. Curtis
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2021)

Abstract Recent advances in our understanding of the microbial populations that colonize the human mouth, their acquisition, interdependency, and coevolution with the host, bring a different perspective to the mechanisms underpinning the maintenance of periodontal health and the development of disease. In this work we suggest that our knowledge map of the etiology of periodontal health and disease can be viewed as a broad, highly connected, and integrated system that spans the entire spectrum of microbe/host/clinical interactions. The overall concept of present Periodontology 2000 , that the microbial biofilm can be considered a human tissue of bacteriological origin, is entirely consistent with this integrated system view. The health‐associated community structure of microbial biofilms can be considered a system that is normally resilient to perturbation. Equally, there is evidence to suggest that the dysbiotic community structure in disease may share similar resilience properties. In both instances, the resilience may be governed by the precise makeup of the acquired microbiome and by the genetics of the host. Understanding the mechanisms that enable the resistance to change of healthy and dysbiotic microbial populations may be important in the development of approaches to prevent the progression of disease and to restore health in diseased individuals.
Determinants and consequences of heart rate and stroke volume response to exercise in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Emil Wolsk, David M. Kaye, Jan Komtebedde, Sanjiv J. Shah, Barry A. Borlaug, Daniel Burkhoff, Dalane W. Kitzman, John G. Cleland, Gerd Hasenfuß, Christian Hassager, Jacob E. Møller, Finn Gustafsson
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)
Sex- and Gender-Based Pharmacological Response to Drugs
Authors: Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Heiner K Berthold, Ilaria Campesi, Juan-Jesus Carrero, Santosh Dakal, Flavia Franconi, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, Mark L Heiman, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Sabra L Klein, Anne Murphy, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Karen Reue, Joshua B Rubin
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2021)

In humans, the combination of all sex-specific genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal influences of biologic sex produces different in vivo environments for male and female cells. We dissect how these influences of sex modify the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple drugs and provide examples for common drugs acting on specific organ systems. We also discuss how gender of physicians and patients may influence the therapeutic response to drugs. We aim to highlight sex as a genetic modifier of the pharmacological response to drugs, which should be considered as a necessary step toward precision medicine that will benefit men and women. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> This study discusses the influences of biologic sex on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs and provides examples for common drugs acting on specific organ systems. This study also discusses how gender of physicians and patients influence the therapeutic response to drugs.
Effect of Clear vs Standard Covered Masks on Communication With Patients During Surgical Clinic Encounters
Authors: Ian M. Kratzke, Marcy E. Rosenbaum, Chase Cox, David W. Ollila, Muneera R. Kapadia
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> During the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing masks has become necessary, especially within health care. However, to our knowledge, the consequences of mask wearing on communication between surgeons and patients have not been studied. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the effects of clear vs standard covered masks on communication during surgical clinic encounters. <h3>Design</h3> This randomized clinical trial examined communication between surgeons and their patients when surgeons wore clear vs covered masks in surgical outpatient clinics at a single academic medical center. New patients were recruited from participating surgeons' clinic schedules. <h3>Interventions</h3> Surgeons wore either clear masks or covered masks for each clinic visit with a new patient, based on a per-visit randomization plan. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome measures included patient perceptions of (1) surgeon communication and (2) trust in surgeons, as well as (3) quantitative assessments and (4) qualitative assessments regarding patient impressions of the surgeon's mask. After the clinic encounter, patients completed a verbal survey including validated Clinician and Group Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems questions. Additional questions involved surgeon empathy, trust, and the patient's impression of the surgeon's mask. Data were analyzed by comparing patient data in the clear vs covered groups using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests, and comments were analyzed for themes. <h3>Results</h3> Two hundred patients were enrolled from 15 surgeons' clinics spanning 7 subspecialties. When surgeons wore a clear mask, patients rated their surgeons higher for providing understandable explanations (clear, 95 of 100 [95%] vs covered, 78 of 100 [78%];<i>P</i> &lt; .001), demonstrating empathy (clear, 99 [99%] vs covered, 85 [85%];<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and building trust (clear, 94 [94%] vs covered, 72 [72%];<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Patients preferred clear masks (clear, 100 [100%] vs covered, 72 [72%];<i>P</i> &lt; .001), citing improved surgeon communication and appreciation for visualization of the face. Conversely, 8 of 15 surgeons (53%) were unlikely to choose the clear mask over their standard covered mask. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This randomized clinical trial demonstrates that patients prefer to see their surgeon's face. Surgeons who wore clear masks were perceived by patients to be better communicators, have more empathy, and elicit greater trust. Because masks will remain part of the health care landscape for some time, deliberate attention to preserving communication within the surgeon-patient relationship is warranted. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT04595695
Parent and Adolescent Reports of Adolescent Access to Household Firearms in the United States
Authors: Carmel Salhi, Deborah Azrael, Matthew Miller
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Adolescent access to firearms increases their risk of firearm injury.To examine adolescent firearm access in homes with guns, how storage may modify access, and discordance between parent and adolescent report of access.This survey study used data on parents and their adolescent children from a nationally representative online survey of adults in gun-owning households, conducted from June 30 to August 11, 2019. Individuals who owned firearms and parents of adolescents were oversampled. All parents living with a child aged 13 to 17 years were invited to have their child participate in a separate survey. Respondents with more than 1 adolescent living with them were asked to choose the child with the most recent birthday. Analyses were conducted from June 1, 2020, to January 4, 2021.Firearm access was assessed by asking adolescents how long it would take to access a loaded gun in their home. Parents were asked whether their child could independently access a household firearm. Individuals who owned guns reported firearm storage practices. Study-specific poststratification weights adjusted for survey nonresponse and undercoverage or overcoverage resulting from the study-specific sample design and for benchmark demographic distributions.Of 6721 adults invited to participate, 4030 completed the survey. Of these, 280 had a firearm in their homes and had a child aged 13 to 17 years who participated in the survey. The mean (SD) age of parents was 45.2 (7.2) years; of children, 15.0 (1.4) years. The sample included 159 male adolescents (weighted percentage, 60.8%; 95% CI, 53.8%-67.8%) and 129 male adults (weighted percentage, 48.3%; 95% CI, 40.9%-55.6%). In 33.9% (95% CI, 26.7%-41.2%) of households, an adolescent reported that they could access a loaded firearm in less than 5 minutes. In homes where all guns were locked, 23.7% (95% CI, 12.3%-35.1%) of adolescents reported that they could access a loaded firearm in less than 5 minutes. Overall, 70.4% (95% CI, 63.7%-77.1%) of parents reported that their child could not access a household firearm. In households where parents said their child could not access a firearm, 21.8% (95% CI 13.8%-29.7%) of their children indicated that they could access a firearm within 5 minutes and 14.9% (95% CI, 8.9%-20.9%) indicated that they could access a firearm in more than 5 minutes but less than 1 hour.In this study, many adolescents reported having ready access to loaded guns in their homes, even when all household firearms were locked. Many adolescents who reported having access to household firearms lived with parents who knew their children had access, but others lived with parents who did not know. These finding should inform prevention efforts aimed at reducing adolescent access to household firearms.
Interrogation of the cellular immunome of cancer patients with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Renee N Donahue, Jennifer L Marté, Meghali Goswami, Nicole J Toney, Yo-Ting Tsai, James L Gulley, Jeffrey Schlom
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

While vaccines directed against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein will have varying degrees of effectiveness in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, the severity of infection will be determined by multiple host factors including the ability of immune cells to lyse virus-infected cells. This review will discuss the complexity of both adaptive and innate immunomes and how a flow-based assay can detect up to 158 distinct cell subsets in the periphery. This assay has been employed to show the effect of age on differences in specific immune cell subsets, and the differences in the immunome between healthy donors and age-matched cancer patients. Also reviewed are the numerous soluble factors, in addition to cytokines, that may vary in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infections and may also be employed to help define the effectiveness of a given vaccine or other antiviral agents. Various steroids have been employed in the management of autoimmune adverse events in cancer patients receiving immunotherapeutics and may be employed in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The influence of steroids on multiple immune cells subsets will also be discussed.