tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transforming the Paradigm for Lipid Lowering
Authors: Ann Marie Navar, Gregg C. Fonarow
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Ticlopidine에 의해 유발된 담즙정체간염과 진정적혈구계무형성증 1예
Authors: 이지연 ( Ji Yeon Lee ), 박은범 ( Eun Bum Park ), 안재홍 ( Jae Hong Ahn ), 서상준 ( Sang Jun Suh ), 정영걸 ( Young Kul Jung ), 김지훈 ( Ji Hoon Kim ), 신봉경 ( Bong Kyung Shin ), 양진혁 ( Jin Hyuk Yang ), 연종은 ( Jong Eun Yeon ), 변관수 ( Kwan Soo Byun )
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2008)

Ticlopidine inhibits platelet aggregation and provides beneficial secondary prevention of cerebrovascular and coronary artery disease. Frequently reported adverse effects of ticlopidine include diarrhea, nausea, and rash. However, to our knowledge, there are only a few published reports of the simultaneous occurrence of cholestatic hepatitis and pure red cell aplasia. Here we report a patient with simultaneous severe cholestatic hepatitis and pure red cell aplasia associated with ticlopidine. Although these adverse effects are rare, periodic hematological and liver function tests are recommended after starting ticlopidine. (Korean J Hepatol 2008; 14:102-107)
The case for low-level BACE1 inhibition for the prevention of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Eric McDade, Iryna Voytyuk, Paul Aisen, Randall J. Bateman, Maria C. Carrillo, Bart De Strooper, Christian Haass, Eric M. Reiman, Reisa Sperling, Pierre N. Tariot, Riqiang Yan, Colin L. Masters, Robert Vassar, Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
Journal: Nature Reviews Neurology (2021)
Cancer statistics for the US Hispanic/Latino population, 2021
Authors: Kimberly D. Miller, Ana P. Ortiz, Paulo S. Pinheiro, Priti Bandi, Adair Minihan, Hannah E. Fuchs, Dinorah Martinez Tyson, Guillermo Tortolero‐Luna, Stacey A. Fedewa, Ahmedin M. Jemal, Rebecca L. Siegel
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2021)

Abstract The Hispanic/Latino population is the second largest racial/ethnic group in the continental United States and Hawaii, accounting for 18% (60.6 million) of the total population. An additional 3 million Hispanic Americans live in Puerto Rico. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society reports on cancer occurrence, risk factors, and screening for Hispanic individuals in the United States using the most recent population‐based data. An estimated 176,600 new cancer cases and 46,500 cancer deaths will occur among Hispanic individuals in the continental United States and Hawaii in 2021. Compared to non‐Hispanic Whites (NHWs), Hispanic men and women had 25%‐30% lower incidence (2014‐2018) and mortality (2015‐2019) rates for all cancers combined and lower rates for the most common cancers, although this gap is diminishing. For example, the colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rate ratio for Hispanic compared with NHW individuals narrowed from 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73‐0.78) in 1995 to 0.91 (95% CI, 0.89‐0.93) in 2018, reflecting delayed declines in CRC rates among Hispanic individuals in part because of slower uptake of screening. In contrast, Hispanic individuals have higher rates of infection‐related cancers, including approximately two‐fold higher incidence of liver and stomach cancer. Cervical cancer incidence is 32% higher among Hispanic women in the continental US and Hawaii and 78% higher among women in Puerto Rico compared to NHW women, yet is largely preventable through screening. Less access to care may be similarly reflected in the low prevalence of localized‐stage breast cancer among Hispanic women, 59% versus 67% among NHW women. Evidence‐based strategies for decreasing the cancer burden among the Hispanic population include the use of culturally appropriate lay health advisors and patient navigators and targeted, community‐based intervention programs to facilitate access to screening and promote healthy behaviors. In addition, the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cancer trends and disparities in the Hispanic population should be closely monitored.
Perturbations in Gut Microbiota Composition in Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Viktoriya L. Nikolova, Megan R. B. Smith, Lindsay J. Hall, Anthony J. Cleare, James M. Stone, Allan H. Young
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2021)

Evidence of gut microbiota perturbations has accumulated for multiple psychiatric disorders, with microbiota signatures proposed as potential biomarkers. However, no attempts have been made to evaluate the specificity of these across the range of psychiatric conditions.
Exposure to Air Pollution in Relation to Risk of Dementia and Related Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature
Authors: Jennifer Weuve, Erin E. Bennett, Lynsie Ranker, Kan Z. Gianattasio, Meredith Pedde, Sara D. Adar, Jeff D. Yanosky, Melinda C. Power
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

BACKGROUND: Dementia is a devastating neurologic condition that is common in older adults.We previously reviewed the epidemiological evidence examining the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air pollution affects dementia risk.Since then, the evidence base has expanded rapidly.OBJECTIVES: With this update, we collectively review new and previously identified epidemiological studies on air pollution and late-life cognitive health, highlighting new developments and critically discussing the merits of the evidence.METHODS: Using a registered protocol (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020152943), we updated our literature review to capture studies published through 31 December 2020, extracted data, and conducted a bias assessment.RESULTS: We identified 66 papers (49 new) for inclusion in this review.Cognitive level remained the most commonly considered outcome, and particulate matter (PM) remained the most commonly considered air pollutant.Since our prior review, exposure estimation methods in this research have improved, and more papers have looked at cognitive change, neuroimaging, and incident cognitive impairment/dementia, though methodological concerns remain common.Many studies continue to rely on administrative records to ascertain dementia, have high potential for selection bias, and adjust for putative mediating factors in primary models.A subset of 35 studies met strict quality criteria.Although high-quality studies of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2:5 lm (PM 2:5 ) and cognitive decline generally supported an adverse association, other findings related to PM 2:5 and findings related to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 lm (PM 10 , NO 2 , and NO x ) were inconclusive, and too few papers reported findings with ozone to comment on the likely direction of association.Notably, only a few findings on dementia were included for consideration on the basis of quality criteria.
Immunotherapy for Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma—Renewed Enthusiasm and a Lingering Challenge
Authors: Laercio Lopes DaSilva, Pedro Nazareth Aguiar, Gilberto de Lima Lopes
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Huiyan Luo, MD, PhD; Jin Lu, BS; Yuxian Bai, MD; Teng Mao, MM; Jun Wang, MD; Qingxia Fan, BS; Yiping Zhang, MB; Kuaile Zhao, MD; Zhendong Chen, MB; Shegan Gao, MD; Jiancheng Li, MD; Zhichao Fu, MD; Kangsheng Gu, MD; Zhihua Liu, MD; Lin Wu, MD; Xiaodong Zhang, MD; Jifeng Feng, PhD; Zuoxing Niu, MM; Yi Ba, MD; Helong Zhang, MD; Ying Liu, MD; Li Zhang, MB; Xuhong Min, BS; Jing Huang, MD; Ying Cheng, MD; Dong Wang, MD; Yu Shen, PhD; Qing Yang, MD; Jianjun Zou, MD; Rui-Hua Xu, MD, PhD; ESCORT-1st Investigators; Xianglin Yuan; Dong Ma; Li Liu; Feng Ye; Tianshu Liu; Xiuwen Wang; Likun Liu; Bing Xia; Fengming Ran; Sanyuan Sun; Zhanhui Miao; Jun Bie; Yong Gao; Junyan Yu; Li Chen; Yifu He; Wei Ren; Suxia Luo; Guangqiang Zhao; Youen Lin; Long Chen; Zhiyuan Guo; Chunhong Hu; Ying Wang; Nong Xu; Baofu Chen; Xianbao Zhan; Yuping Chen; Hongda Lu; Shukui Qin; Guolei Wang; Liming Chen; Li Bai; Jingdong Zhang
Real-time multimodal image registration with partial intraoperative point-set data
Authors: Zachary M C Baum, Yipeng Hu, Dean C Barratt
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2021)

We present Free Point Transformer (FPT) - a deep neural network architecture for non-rigid point-set registration. Consisting of two modules, a global feature extraction module and a point transformation module, FPT does not assume explicit constraints based on point vicinity, thereby overcoming a common requirement of previous learning-based point-set registration methods. FPT is designed to accept unordered and unstructured point-sets with a variable number of points and uses a "model-free" approach without heuristic constraints. Training FPT is flexible and involves minimizing an intuitive unsupervised loss function, but supervised, semi-supervised, and partially- or weakly-supervised training are also supported. This flexibility makes FPT amenable to multimodal image registration problems where the ground-truth deformations are difficult or impossible to measure. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of FPT to non-rigid registration of prostate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and sparsely-sampled transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images. The registration errors were 4.71 mm and 4.81 mm for complete TRUS imaging and sparsely-sampled TRUS imaging, respectively. The results indicate superior accuracy to the alternative rigid and non-rigid registration algorithms tested and substantially lower computation time. The rapid inference possible with FPT makes it particularly suitable for applications where real-time registration is beneficial.
Antigen and checkpoint receptor engagement recalibrates T cell receptor signal strength
Authors: Thomas A.E. Elliot, Emma K. Jennings, David A.J. Lecky, Natasha Thawait, Adriana Flores-Langarica, Alastair Copland, Kendle M. Maslowski, David C. Wraith, David Bending
Journal: Immunity (2021)

How T cell receptor (TCR) signal strength modulates T cell function and to what extent this is modified by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) are key questions in immunology. Using Nr4a3-Tocky mice, we characterized early quantitative and qualitative changes that occur in CD4+ T cells in relation to TCR signaling strength. We captured how dose- and time-dependent programming of distinct co-inhibitory receptors rapidly recalibrates T cell activation thresholds and visualized the immediate effects of ICB on T cell re-activation. Our findings reveal that anti-PD1 immunotherapy leads to an increased TCR signal strength. We defined a strong TCR signal metric of five genes upregulated by anti-PD1 in T cells (TCR.strong), which was superior to a canonical T cell activation gene signature in stratifying melanoma patient outcomes to anti-PD1 therapy. Our study therefore reveals how analysis of TCR signal strength—and its manipulation—can provide powerful metrics for monitoring outcomes to immunotherapy.
Multifunctional self-delivery micelles targeting the invasion-metastasis cascade for enhanced chemotherapy against melanoma and the lung metastasis
Authors: Shanshan Xu, Chunyu Liu, Shuya Zang, Jiaxin Li, Yashi Wang, Kebai Ren, Man Li, Zhirong Zhang, Qin He
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2021)

Metastasis is closely related to the high mortality of cancer patients, which is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Hence, multiphase blocking of this biological process is beneficial for cancer treatments. Herein, we establish a multifunctional self-delivering system by synthesizing D-α-tocopheryl succinates (TOS)-conjugated chondroitin sulfate (CS) (CT NPs), which both serve as nanocarrier and antimetastatic agent that affects different phases of the metastatic cascade. TOS as the hydrophobic segment of CT NPs can inhibit the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9, while the hydrophilic segment CS targets B16F10 cells through CD44 receptors and reduces the interaction between tumor cells and platelets. The results show that CT NPs are able to inhibit metastasis successfully both in vitro and in vivo by interfering the multiphase of the metastatic cascade. Following encapsulating chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX), the obtained micelles CT/DOX efficiently suppress both primary-tumor growth and metastases in B16F10 bearing mice. As a result, the rationally designed multifunctional NPs composing of biocompatible materials provide excellent therapeutic effects on solid tumors and metastases.
Understanding mortality among hematology oncology patients identified from hospital administrative data.
Authors: Munizay Paracha, Anish Parekh, Ayesha Rizwan Sheikh, Stanley Madu Nwabudike, Tsion Fikre, Naomi Yu Ko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

215 Background: Hospital administrative data has large ramifications for quality of care and quality improvement projects. Unexpected inpatient mortality among patients with a hematology/oncology (H/O) diagnostic related group (DRG) is not widely studied and reported. We sought to investigate the unexpected inpatient mortality rate among cancer patients who were admitted to a large, urban, tertiary care safety net teaching hospital. Methods: We obtained the hospital’s adjusted mortality rate and evaluated the subset of specific observed/expected deaths ratio (O/E) of patients with a primary H/O diagnosis. We reviewed each case that was identified as an unexpected inpatient mortality from 2016 to 2018. A chart abstraction tool was designed for data abstraction that included demographics, location of admission, comorbid conditions, if mortality was expected, if documentation was reflective of the severity of the illness. Two independent reviewers abstracted each chart. A third reviewer assessed each case to make a final determination regarding expected mortality based on medical complexity and if documentation was reflective of severity of illness. Results: On review of the inpatient mortality data, the O/E for the H/O diagnostic related group (DRG) from Vizient was 1.14. Twenty two cases were identified as having an unexpected death. Among those cases, 23% of patients were transferred from an outside hospital, and 23% of patients did not have a known cancer diagnosis on admission. In the majority of cases, initial documentation did not accurately reflect severity of illness and/or specialists in hematology or oncology were not consulted at time of diagnosis. We noted the majority of patients were not followed by a hematologist/oncologist within the hospital system (63.6%). In 55% of patients, the cause of death was acute respiratory failure, and 14% of patients had an Advance Directive/DNAR in the chart prior to admission. Delayed antibiotics in febrile neutropenia and a missed blood transfusion reaction were among causes of unexpected deaths. Conclusions: Hospital generated data reported that mortality among H/O patients was greater than projected, however careful chart review of each case demonstrated a significant number of cases that were expected but the severity of illness was not documented properly to account for the death. Templates for proper documentation using the Vizient mortality variables is a key area to lower unexpected inpatient mortality.
Patient and caregiver’s satisfaction with multidisciplinary vs. serial lung cancer care in a community setting.
Authors: Huibo Shao, Nicholas Faris, Meghan Brooke Taylor, Carrie Fehnel, Anita Patel, Samantha Weller, Courtney Berryman, Olawale Akinbobola, Alicia Pacheco, Laura McHugh, Margaret Debon, Matthew Smeltzer, Meredith Ray, Todd Robbins, Kenneth Daniel Ward, Raymond U. Osarogiagbon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

200 Background: Few existing studies examined lung cancer patients and caregivers’ satisfaction with the team-based multidisciplinary care (MD) in comparison to the usual serial care (SC). We hypothesized that MD, by providing early and concurrent input from key specialists collaborating as a team with patients and caregivers to develop a consensus care plan, can improve patients and caregivers’ satisfaction with care, compared to SC, in which multiple specialists independently screen, diagnose, and treat patients through a fragmented sequence of referrals. Methods: Data on newly diagnosed lung cancer patients, enrolled in a prospective matched cohort comparative effectiveness trial of MD or SC between Oct. 9 th , 2014 and July 5 th , 2017 in a Mid-South community hospital system, were collected at baseline, 3- and 6-month periods to assess patient and caregiver’s satisfaction with these two care-delivery models. Measures of satisfaction were adapted from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey. Multivariate mixed linear models were used to examine the cross-group differences, the time-related variances, and how the interaction between groups and time-periods influenced patients’ and caregivers’ satisfaction. Results: Compared with SC (N = 297), patients in MD (N = 159) were older (66 vs. 69 years), more in an early cancer stage (33% vs. 41% in stage I or II), and lower in performance score (35% vs. 45% asymptomatic). Demographic and social-economic characteristics of caregivers in MD (N = 97) and SC (N = 122) were not significantly different. Patients and caregivers in MD were more likely than those in SC to perceive their care to be better than that received by other patients (p =.003 and p &lt;.001 respectively). Greater satisfaction with their treatment plan at 6-month was observed among the MD patients (p =.004). Also, MD patients reported better overall satisfaction with team members (p =.038). Consistent with the findings among the patients in MD, caregivers in MD were more satisfied with the quality of care (p &lt;.001) and with care received from team members (p &lt;.001) than that reported by caregivers in SC. Conclusions: Coordinated MD care improved patients and caregivers’ satisfaction with lung cancer care in a community healthcare system. Further research will compare the quality of life and financial burden on patients in the MD and SC treatment models to provide more evidence for stakeholders to refine cancer care models.
Oncologists’ perspectives on omission of sentinel lymph node biopsy in women &gt;70 years with early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Authors: Christina Ahn Minami, Ava F. Bryan, Anna C. Revette, Rachel A. Freedman, Tari A. King, Elizabeth A. Mittendorf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

48 Background: Trial data show that omission of surgical axillary staging does not affect overall survival in women &gt;70 with cT1N0 hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, and the Society of Surgical Oncology’s Choosing Wisely recommendations advise against routine use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with early-stage HR+ cancers. Despite this, almost 80% of women eligible for omission still undergo SLNB. We sought to explore oncologists’ perspectives of omission of SLNB in this patient population. Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured telephone interviews with surgical, medical, and radiation breast oncologists throughout North America from 3/2020 to 1/2021. Purposive snowball sampling ensured a range of practice types. Interviews were transcribed and a team trained in qualitative analysis undertook thematic analysis guided by grounded theory to identify emergent themes. Results: Participants included sixteen surgical, six medical, and seven radiation oncologists (55% female) (Table). Overall, while oncologists in all fields expressed acceptance regarding SLNB omission in certain women &gt;70 with cT1N0 HR+ disease, many viewed it as a complex choice based on patient comorbidities, chronologic age, patient preferences, and disease factors. Although patients’ physiologic age and life expectancy were also important decisional factors, almost all participants assessed these subjectively despite knowing that validated tools existed. Most surgeons perceived the data backing the Choosing Wisely recommendation as weak, although knowledge of specific supporting studies was low. While all participants agreed that SLNB omission does not affect survival, several radiation oncologists expressed anxiety about resultant increased regional recurrence risk. In the absence of known nodal status, medical and radiation oncologists stated they were more likely to order additional imaging, rely on OncotypeDX scores to make systemic therapy decisions, add high tangents, and be reluctant to offer partial breast irradiation. Conclusions: While surgeons are aware of the Choosing Wisely recommendation, high SLNB rates in patients eligible for omission may be driven by perceptions of the quality of the supporting data and differing ideas regarding appropriate candidacy for omission. There are downstream effects of SLNB omission on medical and radiation oncology treatment decision making and surgeons should engage in multidisciplinary discussion prior to surgery.[Table: see text]
DISCORDANT RESPONSE OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND LP(A) LEVELS TO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TARGETING PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9
Authors: Blair Edmiston, Nathan Brooks, Jessica Minnier, Cezary Wojcik, Barton P. Duell, Jonathan Q. Purnell, Tina Kaufman, Hagai Tavori, Sergio Fazio, Michael Shapiro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)