tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic mediastinal surgery: NOTEMS, a promising field for endotherapy
Authors: Ping-ting Gao, Sheng-li Lin, Pei-yao Fu, Xin-yang Liu, Quan-lin Li, Wei-feng Chen, Ping-hong Zhou
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

The mediastinum used to be a forbidden area for endotherapy because of its complicated and variable anatomical structure [1]. Traditional surgery is regarded as curative but brings with it great trauma, a long recovery, high costs, and a poor quality of life [2]. To overcome these disadvantages, in our previous work we reported a novel approach to paraesophageal structures using the narrow submucosal tunnel or “third space” as an operating entry into the mediastinal cavity [3]. However, we still encountered several problems. When tumors are located higher than 22 cm from the incisors, it is impossible to start the tunnel entry 5 cm above the tumor site. In addition, when the tumor is larger than 5 cm in diameter, it cannot be taken out through the tunnel en bloc without injuring the mucosa, but has to be removed piecemeal instead. We are eager to update endoscopic procedures to improve the approach to such tumors.
Mask related acne: using barrier tape with respirators may contravene safety standards
Authors: Martin McMahon
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Rudd and Walsh discuss facial skin irritation attributed to the wearing of “facial personal protective equipment (PPE).”1 They use this term to include visors, face shields, safety spectacles, surgical masks, and respirator masks.

One of the techniques the authors suggest to help alleviate the condition is to apply a silicon based barrier tape …
Specific splice junction detection in single cells with SICILIAN
Authors: Roozbeh Dehghannasiri, Julia Eve Olivieri, Ana Damljanovic, Julia Salzman
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Precise splice junction calls are currently unavailable in scRNA-seq pipelines such as the 10x Chromium platform but are critical for understanding single-cell biology. Here, we introduce SICILIAN, a new method that assigns statistical confidence to splice junctions from a spliced aligner to improve precision. SICILIAN is a general method that can be applied to bulk or single-cell data, but has particular utility for single-cell analysis due to that data's unique challenges and opportunities for discovery. SICILIAN's precise splice detection achieves high accuracy on simulated data, improves concordance between matched single-cell and bulk datasets, and increases agreement between biological replicates. SICILIAN detects unannotated splicing in single cells, enabling the discovery of novel splicing regulation through single-cell analysis workflows.
The Clinical Method in Psychology
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Harness the functions of gut microbiome in tumorigenesis for cancer treatment
Authors: Mong‐Hong Lee
Journal: Cancer Communications (2021)

It has been shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis leads to physiological changes and links to a number of diseases, including cancers. Thus, many cancer categories and treatment regimens should be investigated in the context of the microbiome. Owing to the availability of metagenome sequencing and multiomics studies, analyses of species characterization, host genetic changes, and metabolic profile of gut microbiota have become feasible, which has facilitated an exponential knowledge gain about microbiota composition, taxonomic alterations, and host interactions during tumorigenesis. However, the complexity of the gut microbiota, with a plethora of uncharacterized host-microbe, microbe-microbe, and environmental interactions, still contributes to the challenge of advancing our knowledge of the microbiota-cancer interactions. These interactions manifest in signaling relay, metabolism, immunity, tumor development, genetic instability, sensitivity to cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This review summarizes current studies/molecular mechanisms regarding the association between the gut microbiota and the development of cancers, which provides insights into the therapeutic strategies that could be harnessed for cancer diagnosis, treatment, or prevention.
Cricopharyngeal peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia of the cricopharynx: “to do or not to do”
Authors: Eduardo Albéniz, Fermín Estremera-Arevalo, Pedro J. Rosón, Francisco Fernandez Cano, María L. Heredia, Sauid Ishaq, Juan J. Vila
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Cricopharyngeal achalasia is a rarely reported [1] entity traditionally treated by surgery [2]. The video shows two cases referred to our unit for cricopharyngeal peroral endoscopic myotomy (C-POEM).
26726 A case of transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma: Exploring the role of epidermal barrier dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Victoria McCarver, Risa Ross, Richard Miller
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)

Transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma (TRPA) is characterized by an acquired transient induction of edematous translucent papules or 'wrinkling' on the palmar and/or plantar surfaces that occurs after a few minutes of water immersion and disappears with hand-drying. While this condition is likely more common than initially thought, the etiopathogenesis and the optimal treatment have yet to be elucidated. We present a case of TRPA appearing in a 21-year-old atopic female during a period of increased hand-washing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Diagnosis was made on a clinical basis, including review of patient photos and a water immersion test, which revealed characteristic edematous papules on the bilateral palmar surfaces that disappeared with hand-drying. The patient was initially treated with 20% ammonium lactate with significant, but not complete improvement after two weeks of treatment. A punch biopsy of the palmar surface obtained at this time was inconclusive. Topical calcipotriene was added to the patient's treatment regimen with complete resolution of the dermatosis after 2 weeks of use. The authors feel TRPA could become a more frequent dermatologic office complaint given its proposed relationship with epidermal barrier dysfunction. We postulate that increases in hand washing and sanitizing during the pandemic may contribute to disease incidence in susceptible individuals. We also propose atopic dermatitis, a dermatosis in which epidermal barrier dysfunction plays a prominent role, could represent a factor for increased risk. In addition, atopic patients who develop TRPA may respond better to treatment with agents that target the epidermal barrier.
When Anxiety and Depression Coexist: The Role of Differential Diagnosis Using Clinimetric Criteria
Authors: Fiammetta Cosci, Giovanni A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2021)

Depressive and anxiety disorders are frequently associated. Depression may be a complication of anxiety and anxiety can complicate depression. The nature of their relationship has been a source of controversy. Reviews generally base their conclusions on randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses that refer to the average patient and often clash with the variety of clinical presentations that may occur when anxiety and depression coexist. The aim of this review was to examine the literature according to profiling of subgroups of patients based on clinimetric criteria, in line with the recently developed concept of medicine-based evidence. We critically reviewed the literature pertaining to the specific presentations of anxiety and depression, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment approach. The following prototypic cases were presented: depression secondary to an active anxiety disorder, depression in patients with anxiety disorders under treatment, anxious depression, anxiety as a residual component of depression, and demoralization secondary to anxiety disorder. We argue that the selection of treatment when anxiety and depression coexist should take into account the modalities of presentation and be filtered by clinical judgment. Very different indications may ensue when the literature is examined according to this perspective.
The role of Rapid Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone (ioPTH) assay in determining outcome of parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fabio Medas, Federico Cappellacci, Gian Luigi Canu, Jacob Pieter Noordzij, Enrico Erdas, Pietro Giorgio Calò
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2021)
National Trends and Waitlist Outcomes of Locoregional Therapy Among Liver Transplant Candidates With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States
Authors: Allison J. Kwong, T. Tara Ghaziani, Francis Yao, Daniel Sze, Ajitha Mannalithara, Neil Mehta
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
Treatment-related adverse events of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor-based combination therapies in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiaoxiang Zhou, Zhuoran Yao, Hua Bai, Jianchun Duan, Zhijie Wang, Xin Wang, Xue Zhang, Jiachen Xu, Kailun Fei, Zhen Zhang, Fengwei Tan, Qi Xue, Shugeng Gao, Yibo Gao, Jie Wang, Jie He
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2021)
Contrast-enhanced MRIが診断に有用であった心室中隔枝を責任病変とする急性心筋梗塞の一例
Authors: 榎本大次郎, 田中正道, 鈴木誠, 平松伸一, 佐伯秀幸, 松中豪, 広瀬英軌, 兵頭真, 永井啓行
Journal: Circulation (2004)
ASC deglutathionylation is a checkpoint for NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Shuhang Li, Linlin Wang, Zhihao Xu, Yuanyuan Huang, Rufeng Xue, Ting Yue, Linfeng Xu, Fanwu Gong, Shiyu Bai, Qielan Wu, Jiwei Liu, Bolong Lin, Huimin Zhang, Yanhong Xue, Pingyong Xu, Junjie Hou, Xiaofei Yang, Tengchuan Jin, Rongbin Zhou, Jizhong Lou, Tao Xu, Li Bai
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is precisely controlled to avoid excessive activation. Although multiple molecules regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation have been revealed, the checkpoints governing NLRP3 inflammasome activation remain elusive. Here, we show that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is governed by GSTO1-promoted ASC deglutathionylation in macrophages. Glutathionylation of ASC inhibits ASC oligomerization and thus represses activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, unless GSTO1 binds ASC and deglutathionylates ASC at ER, under control of mitochondrial ROS and triacylglyceride synthesis. In macrophages expressing ASCC171A, a mutant ASC without glutathionylation site, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is GSTO1 independent, ROS independent, and signal 2 less dependent. Moreover, AscC171A mice exhibit NLRP3-dependent hyperinflammation in vivo. Our results demonstrate that glutathionylation of ASC represses NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and GSTO1-promoted ASC deglutathionylation at ER, under metabolic control, is a checkpoint for activating NLRP3 inflammasome.
Opioid Tapering Practices—Time for Reconsideration?
Authors: Marc Larochelle, Pooja A. Lagisetty, Amy S. B. Bohnert
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Opportunity for Impactful Policy Change in Liver Transplantation—Expanding Our Definition of Quality
Authors: Aaron M. Delman, Latifa S. Silski, Shimul A. Shah
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Craig S. Brown, MD, MSc; Seth A. Waits, MD; Michael J. Englesbe, MD; Christopher J. Sonnenday, MD, MHS; Kyle H. Sheetz, MD, MSc
Incidence of Lung Cancer Among Never-Smoking Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Females
Authors: Mindy C DeRouen, Alison J Canchola, Caroline A Thompson, Anqi Jin, Sixiang Nie, Carmen Wong, Daphne Lichtensztajn, Laura Allen, Manali I Patel, Yihe G Daida, Harold S Luft, Salma Shariff-Marco, Peggy Reynolds, Heather A Wakelee, Su-Ying Liang, Beth E Waitzfelder, Iona Cheng, Scarlett L Gomez
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2021)

Although lung cancer incidence rates according to smoking status, sex, and detailed race/ethnicity have not been available, it is estimated that more than half of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) females with lung cancer have never smoked.
Natural sleep endoscopy in obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review
Authors: Karlien Van den Bossche, Eli Van de Perck, Elahe Kazemeini, Marc Willemen, Paul H. Van de Heyning, Johan Verbraecken, Sara Op de Beeck, Olivier M. Vanderveken
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2021)

s u m m a r y This study's objective is to systematically review the literature on natural sleep endoscopy (NSE), including the set-up, different scoring systems, visualized collapse patterns during natural sleep, additional measurements, and comparison of upper airway collapse between NSE and drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).A computerized search on Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane library was conducted, obtaining 39 hits.Ten prospective studies were included in which NSE was performed in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).This study's findings suggest the soft palate to be the most frequent site of obstruction (58.8 %), followed by the tongue base (43.2 %), lateral walls (29.9 %), and epiglottis (22.4 %), which is in line with previous findings during DISE.Based on this literature review, the authors conclude that at this stage high quality, comparative research between DISE and NSE is missing.To adequately compare findings between OSA patients, endoscopic classification of upper airway collapse should be standardized.Non-invasive predictive tools to determine pharyngeal collapse are currently under investigation and may obviate the need for invasive endoscopy.This review highlights the contribution of NSE in validating such novel diagnostic methods and in studying upper airway mechanics in a research setting, yet larger and adequately powered studies are needed.
Enhancing MR image segmentation with realistic adversarial data augmentation
Authors: Chen Chen, Chen Qin, Cheng Ouyang, Zeju Li, Shuo Wang, Huaqi Qiu, Liang Chen, Giacomo Tarroni, Wenjia Bai, Daniel Rueckert
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)

The success of neural networks on medical image segmentation tasks typically relies on large labeled datasets for model training. However, acquiring and manually labeling a large medical image set is resource-intensive, expensive, and sometimes impractical due to data sharing and privacy issues. To address this challenge, we propose AdvChain, a generic adversarial data augmentation framework, aiming at improving both the diversity and effectiveness of training data for medical image segmentation tasks. AdvChain augments data with dynamic data augmentation, generating randomly chained photo-metric and geometric transformations to resemble realistic yet challenging imaging variations to expand training data. By jointly optimizing the data augmentation model and a segmentation network during training, challenging examples are generated to enhance network generalizability for the downstream task. The proposed adversarial data augmentation does not rely on generative networks and can be used as a plug-in module in general segmentation networks. It is computationally efficient and applicable for both low-shot supervised and semi-supervised learning. We analyze and evaluate the method on two MR image segmentation tasks: cardiac segmentation and prostate segmentation with limited labeled data. Results show that the proposed approach can alleviate the need for labeled data while improving model generalization ability, indicating its practical value in medical imaging applications.
The tumour microenvironment shapes innate lymphoid cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bernd Heinrich, E Michael Gertz, Alejandro A Schäffer, Amanda Craig, Benjamin Ruf, Varun Subramanyam, John C McVey, Laurence P Diggs, Sophia Heinrich, Umberto Rosato, Chi Ma, Chunhua Yan, Ying Hu, Yongmei Zhao, Tsai-Wei Shen, Veena Kapoor, William Telford, David E Kleiner, Merril K Stovroff, Harmeet S Dhani, Jiman Kang, Thomas Fishbein, Xin Wei Wang, E Ruppin, Alexander Kroemer, Tim F Greten, Firouzeh Korangy
Journal: Gut (2021)

Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a typical inflammation-associated cancer. Tissue resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been suggested to control tumour surveillance. Here, we studied how the local cytokine milieu controls ILCs in HCC. Design We performed bulk RNA sequencing of HCC tissue as well as flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing of enriched ILCs from non-tumour liver, margin and tumour core derived from 48 patients with HCC. Simultaneous measurement of protein and RNA expression at the single-cell level (AbSeq) identified precise signatures of ILC subgroups. In vitro culturing of ILCs was used to validate findings from in silico analysis. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data from large HCC cohorts allowed stratification and survival analysis based on transcriptomic signatures. Results RNA sequencing of tumour, non-tumour and margin identified tumour-dependent gradients, which were associated with poor survival and control of ILC plasticity. Single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry of ILCs from HCC livers identified natural killer (NK)-like cells in the non-tumour tissue, losing their cytotoxic profile as they transitioned into tumour ILC1 and NK-like-ILC3 cells. Tumour ILC composition was mediated by cytokine gradients that directed ILC plasticity towards activated tumour ILC2s. This was liver-specific and not seen in ILCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Patients with high ILC2/ILC1 ratio expressed interleukin-33 in the tumour that promoted ILC2 generation, which was associated with better survival. Conclusion Our results suggest that the tumour cytokine milieu controls ILC composition and HCC outcome. Specific changes of cytokines modify ILC composition in the tumour by inducing plasticity and alter ILC function.
Myocarditis and Pericarditis After Vaccination for COVID-19
Authors: George A. Diaz, Guilford T. Parsons, Sara K. Gering, Audrey R. Meier, Ian V. Hutchinson, Ari Robicsek
Journal: JAMA (2021)

This study investigates the incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis emergency department or inpatient hospital encounters before COVID-19 vaccine availability (January 2019–January 2021) and during a COVID-19 vaccination period (February-May 2021) in a large US health care system.
Racial/ethnic disparities in wait‐list outcomes are only partly explained by socioeconomic deprivation among children awaiting liver transplantation
Authors: Sharad I. Wadhwani, Jin Ge, Laura Gottlieb, Courtney Lyles, Andrew F. Beck, John Bucuvalas, John Neuhaus, Uma Kotagal, Jennifer C. Lai
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Racial/ethnic minority children have worse liver transplant (LT) outcomes. We evaluated whether neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation affected associations between race/ethnicity and wait-list mortality.We included children (age <18) listed 2005-2015 in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. We categorized patients as non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic, and other. We matched patient ZIP codes to a neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation index (range, 0-1; higher values indicate worse deprivation). Primary outcomes were wait-list mortality, defined as death/delisting for too sick, and receipt of living donor liver transplant (LDLT). Competing risk analyses modeled the association between race/ethnicity and wait-list mortality, with deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) and LDLT as competing risks, and race/ethnicity and LDLT, with wait-list mortality and DDLT as competing risks. Of 7716 children, 17% and 24% identified as Black and Hispanic, respectively. Compared to White children, Black and Hispanic children had increased unadjusted hazard of wait-list mortality (subhazard ratio [sHR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.18, 1.75 and sHR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.25, 1.76, respectively). After adjusting for neighborhood deprivation, insurance, and listing laboratory Model for End-Stage Liver Disease/Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease, Black and Hispanic children did not have increased hazard of wait-list mortality (sHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.91, 1.39 and sHR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.47, respectively). Similarly, Black and Hispanic children had a decreased likelihood of LDLT (sHR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45, 0.75 and sHR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.49, 0.75, respectively). Adjustment attenuated the effect of Black and Hispanic race/ethnicity on likelihood of LDLT (sHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.60, 1.02 and sHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.70, 1.11, respectively).Household and neighborhood socioeconomic factors and disease severity at wait-list entry help explain racial/ethnic disparities for children awaiting transplant. A nuanced understanding of how social adversity contributes to wait-list outcomes may inform strategies to improve outcomes.
Hyperventilation as one of the mechanisms of persistent dyspnoea in SARS-CoV-2 survivors
Authors: Justina Motiejunaite, Pauline Balagny, Florence Arnoult, Laurence Mangin, Catherine Bancal, Emmanuelle Vidal-Petiot, Martin Flamant, Guillaume Jondeau, Alain Cohen-Solal, Marie-Pia d'Ortho, Justine Frija-Masson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

There are increasing reports of persistent dyspnoea several months after the onset of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection [1]. In most cases, functional disability seems out of proportion compared to residual pulmonary function impairment [2]. To date, knowledge about the functional limitations following a SARS-CoV-2 infection remains limited. Inadequate exercise hyperventilation should not be overlooked while exploring the causes of exertional dyspnoea in SARS-CoV-2 survivors <https://bit.ly/3AxOiDh>