Abstract PS3-05: Value of [18F]-FES-PET to solve clinical dilemmas in breast cancer patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Jorianne Boers, Naila Loudini, Celina L. Brunsch, Sylvia A. Koza, Erik F.J. de Vries, Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans, Geke A.P. Hospers, Carolina P. Schröder
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, in which estrogen receptor (ER) expression plays an important role in the majority of breast tumors. A clinical dilemma may arise when a metastasis biopsy to determine the ER status cannot be performed safely or when ER heterogeneity is suspected between tumor lesions. Whole-body ER imaging, such as 16α-[18F]-fluoro-17β-estradiol ([18F]-FES) positron emission tomography (PET), may have additional value in these situations. However, the role of this imaging technique in routine clinical practice remains to be further determined. Therefore, we assessed the value of [18F]-FES-PET in a large retrospective set of patients, by evaluating if the physicians’ clinical dilemma that remained after standard workup was solved by the [18F]-FES-PET scan. Methods: In this single center study, [18F]-FES-PET scans, performed in patients with (suspected) ER+ metastatic BC with remaining clinical dilemma after standard workup (such as computed tomography, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG)-PET, bone scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging, or biopsy), performed at the UMCG between November 2009 and January 2019, were included. A whole-body [18F]-FES-PET scan was performed 60 min after ~200 MBq of [18F]-FES was injected intravenously. ER antagonists had to be discontinued at least 5 weeks before [18F]-FES-PET. Primary endpoint was the percentage of cases in which the referring physician’s clinical dilemma was solved based on the [18F]-FES-PET results. The dilemma was considered solved if 1) the [18F]-FES-PET provided a solution for the clinical dilemma (for example an extra metastatic site to biopsy), or 2) a treatment decision (to change or continue) was made based on the [18F]-FES-PET result. If the physician had doubts about the diagnosis after the [18F]-FES-PET examination, and additional workup was necessary for treatment decision-making, the dilemma was considered not solved. Secondary endpoints were type of clinical dilemma, and rate of [18F]-FES positive or negative PET scans (visual interpretation), related to frequency of solved dilemmas. Results: One hundred [18F]-FES-PET scans were performed in 83 patients. Clinical dilemma types were: 1) inability to determine extent of (suspected) metastatic disease with standard workup (n=52), 2) unclear disease ER status (n=31), and 3) inability to determine which primary tumor caused metastases (n=17). Dilemmas were solved by [18F]-FES-PET in 87/100 cases (87%). In these 87 cases, treatment was changed in 52 cases, and continued in 35 cases. The frequency of solved dilemmas was not related to the type of clinical dilemma. In contrast, the frequency of solved dilemmas was related to whether scans were [18F]-FES positive or negative. Out of the 63 [18F]-FES positive scans, the clinical dilemma was solved in 61 cases (97%); in 26 out of the 37 [18F]-FES negative scans (70%) the dilemma was solved (p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: In this real life study of BC patients with a clinical dilemma after standard workup, we showed that [18F]-FES-PET solved the dilemma in the large majority of cases. Relevant treatment decisions were made based on the scan, particularly in ER+ disease. This indicates that the [18F]-FES-PET can be of value to solve clinical dilemmas in BC patients. Ultimately, this can support optimal treatment in these patients and potentially improve outcome. Prospective trials are currently ongoing to further assess this. Citation Format: Jorianne Boers, Naila Loudini, Celina L. Brunsch, Sylvia A. Koza, Erik F.J. de Vries, Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans, Geke A.P. Hospers, Carolina P. Schröder. Value of [18F]-FES-PET to solve clinical dilemmas in breast cancer patients: A retrospective study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS3-05.