tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expressed by gut microbes degrades testosterone and is linked to depression in males
Authors: Di Li, Ran Liu, Ming Wang, Rui Peng, Shuai Fu, Aisi Fu, Juan Le, Qian Yao, Tengfei Yuan, Haoming Chi, Xin Mu, Ting Sun, Hang Liu, Pan Yan, Shaoting Wang, Shu Cheng, Zixin Deng, Zhongchun Liu, Gaohua Wang, Yan Li, Tiangang Liu
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2022)

Testosterone deficiency can lead to depressive symptoms in humans; however, the causes of this deficiency are incompletely understood. Here, we isolated Mycobacterium neoaurum from the fecal samples of testosterone-deficient patients with depression and showed that this strain could degrade testosterone in vitro. Furthermore, gavaging rats with M. neoaurum reduced their serum and brain testosterone levels and induced depression-like behaviors. We identified the gene encoding 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) as the enzyme causing testosterone degradation. Introducing 3β-HSD into Escherichia coli enhanced its ability to degrade testosterone. Gavaging rats with 3β-HSD-producing E. coli reduced their serum and brain testosterone levels and caused depression-like behaviors. Finally, compared with 16.67% of participants without depression, 42.99% (46/107) of the fecal samples of patients with depression harbored 3β-HSD, and 60.87% (28/46) of these fecal samples expressed 3β-HSD. These results suggest that 3β-HSD expressed by gut microbes may be associated with depressive symptoms due to testosterone degradation.
Gut Microbiome and Neuroinflammation in Hypertension
Authors: Elaine M. Richards, Jing Li, Bruce R. Stevens, Carl J. Pepine, Mohan K. Raizada
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

Hypertension is a worldwide problem with major impacts on health including morbidity and mortality, as well as consumption of health care resources. Nearly 50% of American adults have high blood pressure, and this rate is rising. Even with multiple antihypertensive drugs and aggressive lifestyle modifications, blood pressure is inadequately controlled in about 1 of 5 hypertensive individuals. This review highlights a hypothesis for hypertension that suggests alternative mechanisms for blood pressure elevation and maintenance. A better understanding of these mechanisms could open avenues for more successful treatments. The hypothesis accounts for recent understandings of the involvement of gut physiology, gut microbiota, and neuroinflammation in hypertension. It includes bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and gut epithelium in the gut-brain axis that is involved in regulation of autonomic nervous system activity and blood pressure control. Dysfunction of this gut-brain axis, including dysbiosis of gut microbiota, gut epithelial dysfunction, and deranged input to the brain, contributes to hypertension via inflammatory mediators, metabolites, bacteria in the circulation, afferent information alterations, etc resulting in neuroinflammation and unbalanced autonomic nervous system activity that elevates blood pressure. This in turn negatively affects gut function and its microbiota exacerbating the problem. We focus this review on the gut-brain axis hypothesis for hypertension and possible contribution to racial disparities in hypertension. A novel idea, that immunoglobulin A-coated bacteria originating in the gut with access to the brain could be involved in hypertension, is raised. Finally, minocycline, with its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, is evaluated as a potential antihypertensive drug acting on this axis.
Treatment Trends and Clinical Outcomes of Left-Sided RAS/RAF Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the United States
Authors: Christopher Nevala-Plagemann, Siddharth Iyengar, Andrew D. Trunk, Lisa Pappas, Benjamin Haaland, Ignacio Garrido-Laguna
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Post hoc analysis of the CALGB/SWOG 80405 trial suggests that anti-EGFR therapy may be superior to bevacizumab when added to first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who have left-sided primary tumors. We evaluated trends in use of anti-EGFR agents in patients with left-sided RAS/RAF wild-type (WT) mCRC and compared clinical outcomes among the most commonly used treatment strategies.A nationwide electronic health record (EHR)-derived deidentified database was reviewed for patients with left-sided RAS/RAF WT mCRC. Treatment trends over time were assessed by fitting a linear model to the percentage of patients receiving anti-EGFR therapy. A propensity score weighted Cox model was used to compare overall survival (OS) stratified by first-line targeted therapy received.A total of 1,607 patients with left-sided RAS/RAF WT mCRC received standard first-line chemotherapy. Of these, 965 (60%) received bevacizumab and 186 (12%) received an anti-EGFR agent. The percentage of patients receiving an anti-EGFR increased from 9% in 2013 to 16% in 2018. Median OS for patients treated with chemotherapy alone was 27.3 months (95% CI, 24.8-32.3), 27.5 months with bevacizumab (95% CI, 25.8-28.9; hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; P=.33), and 42.9 months with an anti-EGFR agent (95% CI, 36.0 to not reached; HR, 0.52; P=.005).This analysis suggests that chemotherapy with bevacizumab remained the most widely used first-line treatment strategy for patients with left-sided RAS/RAF WT mCRC in the United States in 2018. Despite this preference, treatment with an anti-EGFR agent was associated with improved OS.
TCT-18 Impact of Initial Evolut TAVR Deployment Orientation on Final Valve Orientation and Coronary Reaccess: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gilbert Tang, Syed Zaid, Eisha Gupta, Hasan Ahmad, Asaad Khan, Joshua Goldberg, Cenap Undemir, Nish Patel, Muhammad Khan, Steven Lansman, Jason Kovacic, George Dangas, Samin Sharma, Annapoorna Kini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
TCT-331 Multi-Center, Post-marketing Evaluation of the Elixir DESolve® Novolimus Eluting Bioresorbable Coronary Stent System: 24-month Results from the DESolve PMCF Study
Authors: Holger Nef, Azeem Latib, Lynn Morrison, Sara Toyloy, Lynn Vandertie, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
NON SIBI SED MEDICINAE—III
Journal: JAMA (1963)

It may be well to begin this discussion with a translation of its title, "not for ourselves but for medicine," which is the traditional motto of the Council on Drugs. With this third annual Therapeutic Number ofThe Journal, the Council continues its attempt periodically to review some of the more pressing problems facing the medical profession and its individual practitioners. Problems there are and always will be in a complex, ever more rapidly developing discipline. Among the most important of these problems in medicine is that of the physician's continuing education. Perhaps more than any other professional man, the physician, even though he has completed his internship and residency, is not a finished product. He must take time from his busy life to keep abreast of new developments or, within a few years, his knowledge will be obsolescent. In the lead article of this issue (p. 233), Dowling discusses
Determinants of Response to Talazoparib in Patients with HER2-Negative, Germline <i>BRCA1/2</i>-Mutated Breast Cancer
Authors: Joanne L. Blum, A. Douglas Laird, Jennifer K. Litton, Hope S. Rugo, Johannes Ettl, Sara A. Hurvitz, Miguel Martin, Henri H. Roché, Kyung-Hun Lee, Annabel Goodwin, Ying Chen, Silvana Lanzalone, Jijumon Chelliserry, Akos Czibere, Julia F. Hopkins, Lee A. Albacker, Lida A. Mina
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have demonstrated efficacy in tumors with germline breast cancer susceptibility genes (gBRCA) 1 and 2 mutations, but further factors influencing response to PARPi are poorly understood.Breast cancer tumor tissue from patients with gBRCA1/2 mutations from the phase III EMBRACA trial of the PARPi talazoparib versus chemotherapy was sequenced using FoundationOne CDx.In the evaluable intent-to-treat population, 96.1% (296/308) had ≥1 tumor BRCA (tBRCA) mutation and there was strong concordance (95.3%) between tBRCA and gBRCA mutational status. Genetic/genomic characteristics including BRCA loss of heterozygosity (LOH; identified in 82.6% of evaluable patients), DNA damage response (DDR) gene mutational burden, and tumor homologous recombination deficiency [assessed by genomic LOH (gLOH)] demonstrated no association with talazoparib efficacy.Overall, BRCA LOH status, DDR gene mutational burden, and gLOH were not associated with talazoparib efficacy; however, these conclusions are qualified by population heterogeneity and low patient numbers in some subgroups. Further investigation in larger patient populations is warranted.
Diversity of approaches in artificial intelligence: an opportunity for discoveries in thoracic imaging
Authors: Guillaume Chassagnon, Alienor Campredon, Maria Vakalopoulou, Pierre-Régis Burgel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

We thank B. Zhang and S. Zhang for their interest in our recently published article [1]. Radiomics is a quite active field of research in computational medicine with multiple studies discussing their limitations and perspectives. As B. Zhang and S. Zhang suggested in their letter, generalisation of machine-learning based models is an open issue, which has been investigated for radiomics models but also for deep-learning models [2]. In contrast, we believe that multicentre data acquired on 14 different computed tomography (CT) scanners with varied acquisition protocols could be considered as representing real-world practice, which is a key element for generalisability. The best way to assess whether radiomic features are reproducible is to repeat the entire feature extraction process, including the CT acquisition. However, repeating CT acquisition is not feasible in a retrospective study and raises ethical concerns in a population frequently exposed from childhood to ionising radiation from medical procedures [3, 4]. In our study, all CT images were normalised before the radiomic analysis in order to avoid bias. This process included preprocessing in 1 mm spatial resolution and the activation of the normalisation function of pyradiomics, which normalised the image densities by centring it at the mean with standard deviation. The diversity of possible approaches in artificial intelligence is the seedbed for new discoveries in thoracic imaging <https://bit.ly/3A4yyYu>
Erythrocyte transglutaminase-2 combats hypoxia and chronic kidney disease by promoting oxygen delivery and carnitine homeostasis
Authors: Ping Xu, Changhan Chen, Yujin Zhang, Monika Dzieciatkowska, Benjamin C. Brown, Weiru Zhang, Tingting Xie, Osheiza Abdulmalik, Anren Song, Chao Tong, Hongbo Qi, Robert Roach, Rodney E. Kellems, Angelo D’Alessandro, Yang Xia
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2022)
Obesity and risk of female reproductive conditions: A Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Samvida S. Venkatesh, Teresa Ferreira, Stefania Benonisdottir, Nilufer Rahmioglu, Christian M. Becker, Ingrid Granne, Krina T. Zondervan, Michael V. Holmes, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Laura B. L. Wittemans
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

Obesity is observationally associated with altered risk of many female reproductive conditions. These include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis, infertility, and pregnancy-related disorders. However, the roles and mechanisms of obesity in the aetiology of reproductive disorders remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to estimate observational and genetically predicted causal associations between obesity, metabolic hormones, and female reproductive disorders.
Dr. Leslie Irwin Is Not Dead.
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The obituary of Leslie Irwin, MD, of Long Beach, Calif, given inThe JournalSept 3, 1973, page 1260, was published in error, the result of a clerical mistake. Correctly, it was Dr. Lester A. Irwin, of Fresno, Calif, a podiatrist, who died May 9, 1973.
Desaturases and elongases involved in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in aquatic animals: From genes to functions
Authors: Ó. Monroig, A.C. Shu-Chien, N. Kabeya, D.R. Tocher, L.F.C. Castro
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2022)

Marine ecosystems are rich in "omega-3" long-chain (C20-24) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Their production has been historically accepted to derive mostly from marine microbes. This long-standing dogma has been challenged recently by the discovery that numerous invertebrates, mostly with an aquatic life-style, have the enzyme machinery necessary for the de novo biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and, from them, LC-PUFA. The key breakthrough was the detection in these animals of enzymes called "methyl-end desaturases" enabling PUFA de novo biosynthesis. Moreover, other enzymes with pivotal roles in LC-PUFA biosynthesis, including front-end desaturases and elongation of very long- chain fatty acids proteins, have been characterised in several non-vertebrate animal phyla. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the complement and functions of these gene/protein families in aquatic animals, particularly invertebrates and fish. Therefore, we expand and re-define our previous revision of the LC-PUFA biosynthetic enzymes present in chordates to animals as a whole, discussing how key genomic events have determined the diversity and distribution of desaturase and elongase genes in different taxa. We conclude that both invertebrates and fish display active, but markedly different, LC-PUFA biosynthetic gene networks that result from a complex evolutionary path combined with functional diversification and plasticity.
MOTOR NOTES FOR MEDICAL MEN
Authors: H. M. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1924)

opens in the Grand Palais, off the Avenue Champs Elysees, on Thursday next, October 2nd.Apart from members of the French industry, there will be an aggregate of thirty foreign exhibitors, of whom four only are of British origin -namely, Austin, Morgan, Morris, and Rolls-Royce, the actual Morgan exhibited being a machine built abroad under licence from the British originators.The eighteenth Annual International Motor Car Show promoted by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders at Olympia will open under the patronage of the King on October 17th.The public will have access to it daily, Sunday excluded, until the 25th.By contrast with the Paris Exhibition, the London one will retain the dis- tinction of being beyond challenge the most thoroughly representative of the world's motor car manufacturing industry, nothing approximating to such an absolutely representative international character being organized elsewhere.Thus there will be no fewer than 128 exhibitors of cars, 25 exhibitors of tyres, and 284 exhibitors of accessories and components, apart from which no fewer than 57 carriage builders have been allotted space in the enlarged building.By reason of our Frce Trade policy, which is singular among the nations possessing motor car building industries, this country is the motor mart of the world, Amer-ica, with her high tariff wall, having aimed always at keeping out foreign products.In effect, the best examples of motor car design and manufacture in the world are on our market and will be represented at Olympia, together with several examples of the undesirable.Therefore, no medical man need consider it necessary for him to journey to Paris next week in order to inform himself concerning the new style motor cars introduced for tlle 1925 season.NOTABLE DEVELOPMIENTS OF THE YEAR.While it is still possible to add accessory to accessory in the equipment of a car, there is no gainsaying that some standardized machines have become overloaded, though under this head the owner will necessarily follow his own inclination.It is impossible to offer any useful expert advice beyond suggesting that every user should put to him- self the question: " Is it essential that I should have this gadget, or that; and, if I must have one, or both, what, if any, power will they absorb in the way of current from the batteries, and so forth?Electric screen wipers, cigar
The Peritoneum.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Books of this character have not been very common in this country, but we are developing a class of students that by earnest plodding and scientific work will eventually bring our work up to a level with the best literature abroad. There are many expressions that we do not admire in this book, there are some specimens of the misuse of words and some mistakes of proof reading, but when the whole work is fairly examined it will be seen to be comprehensive, thorough, honest and creditable. We fear that Dr. Robinson will hardly receive the great credit he deserves for his hard labor, but let the reader of this handsome volume stop for a moment to reflect what great industry was required in its compilation alone, to say nothing of the vast number of original experiments undertaken. It is, we believe, safe to say that a very large percentage
Skin Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Among Asian American Individuals
Authors: Krittin J. Supapannachart, Suephy C. Chen, Yu Wang, Howa Yeung
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Asian American individuals are the fastest growing racial group in the US but remain underrepresented in health disparities research, including research on skin cancer risk factors and screening. Improved understanding of preventable skin cancer risk factors and screening may demonstrate unmet needs among Asian American individuals.To examine sunburns, sun-protective behaviors, indoor tanning, and total body skin examinations (TBSEs) for skin cancer screening among Asian American subgroups compared with non-Hispanic White individuals.The National Health Interview Survey is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in the US that assesses health behaviors. Self-identified Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, non-Hispanic White, and other Asian respondents from survey years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 were included. Data were analyzed from July to November 2021.Any sunburn within the last year; sun-protective behaviors included applying sunscreen, staying under shade, wearing long-sleeved shirts, wearing long clothing to the ankles, wearing hats, and wearing caps most of the time or always when out in the sun; any indoor tanning within the last year; any TBSE ever.Of 84 030 participants, 5694 were Asian American (6.8%) and 78 336 (93.2%) were Non-Hispanic White; of these individuals, 1073 (weighted prevalence, 21.0%) were Asian Indian, 1165 (19.4%) Chinese, 1312 (23.5%) Filipino, and 2144 (36.1%) Other Asian. All Asian American subgroups were more likely to seek shade, wear long clothing to the ankles, and wear long-sleeved shirts but less likely to sunburn, apply sunscreen, tan indoors, and receive TBSE than Non-Hispanic White individuals. Asian Indian individuals were less likely than Chinese participants to apply sunscreen (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.55; 95% CI, 0.41-0.74) or wear a hat (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.37-0.76) and more likely to wear long-sleeved shirts (aOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.52-2.33) or long clothing to the ankles (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.28-1.90).The results of this cross-sectional study found that disaggregated comparisons among Asian American individuals demonstrated differences in skin cancer risk factors that may be used to identify high-risk subgroups and inform culturally aware counseling when indicated. Future studies should further sample Asian American individuals to evaluate for potential masked health disparities through disaggregated analysis.
MEDICAL NEWS
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Magnetic particles in motion: magneto-motive imaging and sensing
Authors: Kelsey P. Kubelick, Mohammad Mehrmohammadi
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Superparamagnetic nanoparticles have become an important tool in biomedicine. Their biocompatibility, controllable small size, and magnetic properties allow manipulation with an external magnetic field for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Recently, the magnetically-induced motion of superparamagnetic nanoparticles has been investigated as a new source of imaging contrast. In magneto-motive imaging, an external, time-varying magnetic field is applied to move a magnetically labeled subject, such as labeled cells or tissue. Several major imaging modalities such as ultrasound, photoacoustic imaging, optical coherence tomography, and laser speckle tracking can utilize magneto-motive contrast to monitor biological events at smaller scales with enhanced contrast and sensitivity. In this review article, an overview of magneto-motive imaging techniques is presented, including synthesis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, fundamental principles of magneto-motive force and its utility to excite labeled tissue within a viscoelastic medium, current capabilities of magneto-motive imaging modalities, and a discussion of the challenges and future outlook in the magneto-motive imaging domain.
Abstracts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1956)

The relationship between Sydenham's chorea and streptococcal infections was studied by analysing the case histories of patients observed during a first attack of chorea under conditions in which streptococcal infection could be controlled and the serum antibody titre determined.Of ten patients with "pure" chorea who were seen within 5 months of the onset of choreiform activity, eight had a serum antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titre of more than 200 units per ml.; of the two remaining patients, one had a serum antihyaluronidase titre of 300 units per ml., while the serum of the other showed no increase in the titre of the three streptococcal antibodies studied.In another series 27 out of 41 patients had serum ASO titres of more than 200 units per ml.It appeared that the earlier the patient was tested after the onset of chorea, the higher was the serum ASO titre, although, in general, the titre in these cases was rather lower than that observed in acute rheumatic fever.In those cases in which chorea is associated with other manifestations of acute rheumatism it tends to follow them after an interval as long as 7 months, with no evidence of a fresh streptococcal infection during that time, and by the time chorea develops the serum content of antistreptococcal antibodies may have fallen to normal.The authors consider it reasonable to assume that the same relatively long latent period intervenes between the streptococcal infection and the onset of chorea when it occurs as an isolated phenomenon, and suggest that this may explain the lack of immunological evidence of streptococcal infection in some cases of "pure" chorea.G. Loewi.