tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 8642: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Physician Alerts to Prevent Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism after Hospital Discharge
Authors: Gregory Piazza, Frederick A Anderson, Thomas L Ortel, Michael J Cox, David J Rosenberg, Shahram Rahimian, William J Pendergast, Gordon D McLaren, James A Welker, Jan J Akus, Scott M Stevens, C. G Elliott, Andrew L Freeman, William F Patton, Ousama Dabbagh, Allison Wyman, Wei Huang, Amanda F Rao, Samuel Z Goldhaber
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Many patients develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the months following hospitalization for medical illness. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that a VTE prophylaxis alert from a hospital staff member to the Attending Physician prior to patient discharge from the hospital will reduce the incidence of symptomatic VTE after discharge. Methods: We enrolled hospitalized Medical Service patients in a large multicenter randomized controlled trial using a validated point score system to identify those at high risk for symptomatic VTE who were not ordered to receive VTE prophylaxis after discharge. Results: Among 2,513 eligible patients randomized from 18 study sites, 1,252 were assigned to the intervention group, and 1,261 were assigned to the control group. Patients in the intervention group were more than twice as likely to receive VTE prophylaxis at discharge as controls (22.0% versus 9.7%, p&lt;0.0001). Symptomatic VTE at 90 days (99.9% follow-up) occurred in 4.5% of patients in the intervention group compared with 4.0% of controls (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.69). Rates of death at 90 days and major bleeding at 30 days in the intervention group were similar to that of the control group. In an on-treatment analysis, we observed a nearly one-third reduction in 90-day mortality among at-risk medical patients whose physicians were alerted and in whom discharge prophylaxis was prescribed compared with those in whom the alert recommendation was not followed and compared with those for whom an alert was not issued and prophylaxis was not ordered after hospital discharge. Conclusion: We observed no difference in the rate of symptomatic VTE in patients assigned to the alert group compared with controls. The physician alert doubled the rate of VTE prophylaxis ordered at the time of hospital discharge. Further Quality Improvement initiatives to improve VTE prevention after hospital discharge are warranted.
Myeloablative Conditioning With Intravenous Busulfan and Pentostatin (Bu/Pent) Vs. Total Body Irradiation and Cyclophosphamide (TBI/Cy) For Elderly Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Or Myelodysplasia
Authors: Shikha Jain, Patrick J Stiff, Scott E. Smith, Aileen Go, Mala Parthasarathy, Tulio E. Rodriguez
Journal: Blood (2013)
14-3-3 sigma, a p53 regulator, suppresses tumor growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Huiling Yang, Ruiying Zhao, Mong-Hong Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4916 

The 14-3-3 sigma gene product, upregulated by p53 in response to DNA damage, is involved in cell-cycle checkpoint control and is a human cancer epithelial marker down-regulated in various tumors. However, its role and function have not been established in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a tumor of epithelial origin. Recently, we found that 14-3-3 sigma interacts with p53 in response to DNA damage and stabilizes the expression of p53. In addition, we also showed that overexpression of 14-3-3 sigma inhibits oncogene-activated tumorigenicity. In the present study, we investigated the tumor suppressive role of 14-3-3 sigma in NPC cells. We found that 14-3-3 sigma was not properly upregulated by p53 in response to DNA damage in two non-isogenic NPC cell lines. We also found that 14-3-3 sigma interacted with protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt and negatively regulated the activity of Akt. Overexpression of 14-3-3 sigma inhibited NPC cell growth and blocks DNA synthesis. 14-3-3 sigma overexpression also led to inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of NPC cells. In addition, we found that 14-3-3 sigma sensitized NPC cells to apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic agent 2-Methoxyestradiol. 14-3-3 sigma overexpression in both NPC cell lines reduced the tumor volume in nude mice, which could have significance for clinical application. These findings provide an insight into the roles of 14-3-3 sigma in NPC and suggest that approaches that modulate 14-3-3 sigma activity may be useful in the treatment of NPC.
Abstract 615: LKB1 is Required for Statin-induced Activation of the AMP-activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Hyoung Chul Choi, Miao Zhang, Zhonglin Xie, Ming-Hui Zou
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Statins, lipid-lowering drugs, exert many beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Recent studies have demonstrated that clinically relevant concentrations of statins might exert their therapeutic effects by activating the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in cultured endothelial cells, but the mechanism remains elusive. The aim of the study was to determine the molecular mechanism by which statins activate AMPK. Confluent bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were exposed to simvastatins for 1 to 24 h. Exposure of BAEC to simvastatins caused a time-dependent and dose-dependent increase of AMPK-Thr172 phosphorylation. In parallel, simvastatins significantly increased the phosphorylation of both LKB1 at serine 428 and protein kinase C (PKC)-ζ at Thr410/403. Further, adenoviral overexpression of LKB1 kinase-dead (LKB1 D194A) mutants, but not adenoviruses encoding green fluorescence proteins (GFP), ablated simvastatin-induced AMPK-Thr172 phosphorylation, suggesting LKB1 is required for statin-enhanced AMPK activation. Conversely, neither inhibition of calcium calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK) with STO609 (1 μM), a CaMKK-specific inhibitor, nor transfection of CaMKK-specific siRNA altered simvastatin-enhanced AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation, suggesting that CaMKK is not required for statin-enhanced AMPK activation. Moreover, overexpression of PKC-ζ dominant negative mutants or PKC-ζ-specific siRNA abolished simvastatin-enhanced phosphorylation of both LKB1-Ser428 and AMPK-Thr172, implying that PKC-ζ is the upstream enzyme of LKB1. Finally, compared to lean mice, the phosphorylation of both AMPK-Thr172 and LKB1-Ser428 was significantly suppressed in the hearts and livers of diabetic DB/DB mice (n=4 or 6, p&lt;0.05). Treatment of diabetic DB/DB mice with fluvastatin (22.5 mg/kg/day in drinking water) for 4 months significantly increased the levels of total AMPK as well as AMPK-Thr172 phosphorylation in the livers and hearts of DB/DB mice. In addition, fluvastatin significantly increased detection of LKB1-Ser428 phosphorylation. We conclude that statins increase AMPK activation by increasing PKC-ζ-dependent LKB1 phosphorylation at Ser428 in vivo .
Abstract 3614: Multi-Biomarker Approach to Risk Stratification in Patients Hospitalized for Worsening Chronic Heart Failure: Simultaneous Assessment of Cystatin C, B-Type Natriuretic Peptide, and Cardiac Troponin T
Authors: Junnichi Ishii, Masanori Okumura, Tadashi Nakano, Hiroyuki Naruse, Yoshihisa Mori, Shigeru Matsui, Yukio Ozaki, Masanori Nomura, Hitoshi Hishida
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Abstract 9678: Clinical Profile of Patients With Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions at a Tertiary Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Authors: Omar M Jeroudi, Mohammed E Alomar, Tesfaldet T Michael, Abdallah El Sabbagh, Vishal G Patel, Owen Mogabgab, Eric Fuh, Daniel Sherbet, Nathan Lo, Michele Roesle, Bavana V Rangan, Shuaib Abdullah, Jeffrey L Hastings, Jerrold Grodin, Subhash Banerjee, Emmanouil S Brilakis
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: The clinical profile of patients with coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) has received limited study. We sought to examine the characteristics of patients presenting with CTOs in a contemporary veteran population. Methods: We collected clinical and angiographic data on 1,699 consecutive patients that underwent coronary angiography at our institution between January 2011 and December 2012. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as ≥50% diameter stenosis in ≥1 coronary artery. CTO was defined as total coronary artery occlusion of ≥3 month duration. Patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) were excluded from analysis. Results: At least one CTO was identified in 319 of 1,015 patients (31%) with significant CAD. Compared to non-CTO patients, patients with a CTO were significantly more likely to have cardiac and non-cardiac comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, peripheral arterial disease, congestive heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, and prior stroke. CTO patients presented more frequently with stable angina (37% vs. 30%, p =0.03) and had more extensive CAD ( p &lt;0.001). Conclusions: In a contemporary veteran population, the presence of a coronary CTO was strongly associated with more extensive cardiac and non-cardiac comorbidities, CAD risk factors, and more extensive CAD.
Microneedle patch delivery to the skin of virus-like particles containing heterologous M2e extracellular domains of influenza virus induces broad heterosubtypic cross-protection
Authors: Min-Chul Kim, Jeong Woo Lee, Hyo-Jick Choi, Yu-Na Lee, Hye Suk Hwang, Jongsang Lee, Cheol Kim, Jong Seok Lee, Carlo Montemagno, Mark R. Prausnitz, Sang-Moo Kang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Abstract 1940: Coagulation Activity is Increased in the Left Atrium of Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hirohiko Motoki, Takeshi Tomita, Kazunori Aizawa, Hiroki Kasai, Atsushi Izawa, Setsuo Kumazaki, Hiroshi Tsutsui, Jun Koyama, Uichi Ikeda
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Measurements of plasma markers which reflect thrombin activity (thrombin-antithrombin III complex; TAT), active fibrinolysis (plasmin-alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex; PIC), and platelet activity (platelet factor 4; PF4) are useful in identifying patients with various cardiovascular disorders at high risk of thromboembolism. In this study, we investigated the hemostatic status of the left atrium in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF). Methods: Patients with pAF (n=10) and chronic AF (cAF) (n=10), and control subjects without AF (n=10) were enrolled in this study. TAT, PIC, and PF4 levels were determined in specimens of blood obtained from the left atrium of AF patients who were undergoing catheter ablation. The blood specimens were also obtained from the left ventricle of control subjects. Results: Levels of PIC and PF4 did not differ significantly among 3 groups, whereas TAT levels in the left atrium of pAF and cAF patients were significantly higher than those in the left ventricle of control subjects (pAF: 29±19ng/ml, cAF: 28±19ng/ml, control: 3.1±3.0ng/ml, p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that coagulation system is activated in the left atrium of pAF patients as well as cAF patients. This result suggests that even in a non-paroxysmal period, pAF patients are at high risk of thromboembolism, and anticoagulation therapy is indicated in those patients.
US insurance companies may not pay for new diabetic devices
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Although medical device companies in the United States are forging ahead in developing new, non-invasive blood and tissue glucose monitors, insurance companies are proving unwilling or unable to pay for many of them.

The most advanced non-invasive device is the GlucoWatch Monitor, made by Cygnus of Redwood City, California, which is worn like a wristwatch. It uses a low level electric current to induce reverse iontophoresis.

This allows the monitor to collect glucose samples from interstitial tissue (not …
Protective Cytotoxic Clonal T-Cells in Myeloma Have the Characteristics of Telomere-Independent Senescence Rather Than an Exhausted or Anergic Phenotype: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Hayley Suen, Douglas E Joshua, Ross D Brown, Shihong Yang, Pasquale Mario Barbaro, P Joy Ho, John Gibson
Journal: Blood (2014)
Mediastinal Nodal Involvement in Patients with Clinical Stage I Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Possibility of Rational Lymph Node Dissection
Authors: Tomohiro Haruki, Keiju Aokage, Tomohiro Miyoshi, Tomoyuki Hishida, Genichiro Ishii, Junji Yoshida, Masahiro Tsuboi, Hiroshige Nakamura, Kanji Nagai
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Commentary: Active cascade screening for cystic fibrosis
Authors: T Marteau
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Super and colleagues present the results of one of the first descriptive studies of cascade screening for carriers of cystic fibrosis, suggesting that this may be a useful approach to screening. But more needs to be known before accepting their recommendation for widespread application.

To evaluate any service we must first define its objective. Several sets of guidelines have now been published in the United Kingdom on conducting genetic screening programmes.*RF 1-3* All these documents agree that the primary objective of screening is to provide information to allow people to make informed choices. Although a reduction in the number of births of infants with the disorder …
HFE Downregulates Iron Uptake From Transferrin and Induces Iron-Regulatory Protein Activity in Stably Transfected Cells
Authors: H.D. Riedel, M.U. Muckenthaler, S.G. Gehrke, I. Mohr, K. Brennan, T. Herrmann, B.A. Fitscher, M.W. Hentze, W. Stremmel
Journal: Blood (1999)
The Eradication of Smallpox from India.
Authors: R. N. Basu, Z. Jezek, N. A. Ward
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The Eradication of Smallpox From India is the celebration of a remarkable event in medical and public health history, written by three officers who took an active part in the Indian smallpox eradication campaigns. The book is a cautious empirical analysis, mainly of the Intensified Campaign of 1973 to 1975 and the Fever-With-Rash Outbreak Surveillance that followed it. Occupying the greater part of the text are detailed reports with figures on the planning, administration, staffing, reporting, and evaluation of every aspect of the campaign, with an addendum on financing, Unusual Episodes, a summary, and a bibliography. In spite of some redundancy, the record is fascinating, written in a language suitable for both the scientist and layman. It is surprising, however, that the authors were not more candid in telling the story. After reading the book, one is left with the feeling that something has been glossed over or left out. One is told little about the dynamics of political and administrative conflicts, resistance by the peo¬ ple, or misconduct by field workers; for example, one would like more on the kinds of situation that enticed certain staff to pocket the monetary rewards meant for the villagers who reported smallpox cases during the search operations. There must have been considerably more occasions of disappointment, mistrust, stepping on others' toes, injured pride, smashed cultural values, delays, care¬ lessness, apathy, and indignation. Even when the authors mention the necessity of the multitier supervisory system to check on field workers during both containment and revisitation stages, very little contextual and situational information is given. Another obvious example of inade¬ quate reporting by the authors is in the international health structure within which the Indian campaign took place. Years earlier, smallpox eradication had been achieved in Europe, most of the Americas, and a large section of Africa. Except for virus importations and exportations, mostly to and from surrounding regions, we are told little about the place of the Indian achievement with¬ in the global picture of epidemiologic and technical advancements as well as the collaborative effort in which many countries were involved. The Indian experience with small¬ pox eradication demonstrates how national initiative, leadership, sacri¬ fice, and persistence were rewarded the day the land was proclaimed free from its scourge.
Association study of the let-7 microRNA-binding site polymorphism in 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the <i>KRAS</i> gene in stage III colon cancers from adjuvant trial NCCTG N0147.
Authors: Dan Sha, Adam Lee, Qian Shi, Steven R. Alberts, Daniel J. Sargent, Frank A. Sinicrope, Robert B. Diasio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

3564 Background: Lethal-7 (let-7) microRNA has been shown to inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation by inducing KRAS downregulation after binding to specific sites in the 3’- UTR. Recent studies identified a KRAS 3’-UTR polymorphism in the let-7 complimentary site (LCS6) that has been shown to weaken let-7 binding and alter KRAS expression. Carriers of the LCS6 G-allele showed worse survival in metastatic colorectal cancer from prior studies of limited sample size. In the current study, we evaluated the LCS6 variant in 2,834 Stage III colon cancer patients and its association with disease-free survival (DFS), KRAS mutation status, and other clinicopathological features. Methods: In the NCCTG phase III trial (N0147), the LCS6 variant was assayed in germline DNA extracted from whole blood using RT-PCR. Extracted tumor DNA was analyzed for KRAS exon 2 mutations. Chi-squared and two-sample t test were used to compare baseline factors and KRAS mutation status between patients defined by LCS6 variant status. Log-rank tests and multivariate Cox models assessed the unadjusted and adjusted associations between LCS6 status and DFS, respectively. Results: We identified 432 (15.2%) patients heterozygous or homozygous for the LCS6 G-allele and 2402 (84.8%) patients homozygous for the LCS6 T-allele. G-allele carriers were significantly more frequent in Caucasians than other races (Chi-Squared Test, p&lt;0.0001). No associations were found between the LCS6 genotype and T stage, positive lymph node number, tumor differentiation, or primary tumor location (all p&gt;0.2). Moreover, the LCS6 genotype was not associated with DFS (hazard ratio = 0.93, p=0.49) even after combining LCS6 genotype with KRAS mutation status. Conclusions: We report the largest association study investigating the LCS6 polymorphism and colon cancer outcome. There is no significant evidence that the germline LCS6 genotype was associated with DFS in stage III colon cancer patients. Additional studies are needed to determine if LCS6 genotype differs between tumor and germline DNA which may further clarify its prognostic value.
The British Society of Gastroenterology
Authors: R P Thompson, R Clark, R A Willson, V Borirakchanyavat, B Widdop, R Goulding, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1972)

The 33rd annual general meeting of the British Society of Gastroenterology was held at Aviemore, Inverness-shire from 28 to 30 September 1972 under the Presidency of Professor W. I. Card.The programme included a very large number of communications of which the abstracts follow, and symposia on 'A new look at gastritis' and 'Gastrooesophageal reflux and its complications'.
Abstract 3745: Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Mortality after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Marianne Zeller, Claudia Korandji, Jean-Claude Guilland, Pierre Sicard, Catherine Vergely, Jean-Claude Beer, Laurence Duvillard, Anne-Cecile Lagrost, Daniel Moreau, Philippe Gambert, Yves Cottin, Luc Rochette
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background . From a prospective cohort of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), we aimed to analyse the predictive value of ADMA concentrations on mortality at 1 year follow-up. ADMA is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of NO synthases. Patients . Blood samples from 204 consecutive patients hospitalised for acute MI &lt; 24 hr were taken on admission. Serum levels of ADMA, its stereoisomer, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence. Results . The mean (SD) ADMA level was 1.07(0.37) μmol/L. ADMA was positively related to age, homocysteine, SDMA and L-arginine. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) showed a trend toward an inverse relation with ADMA. ADMA concentrations showed a trend towards a higher level in women than in men (p=.101) and were lower in current smokers vs past or non smokers (p=0.022). Baseline ADMA and SDMA levels were higher in patients who had died than in patients who were alive at 1 year follow-up (respectively 1.22(1.06–1.54) vs 0.98(0.78–1.24), p=0.012 and 0.77(0.54–1.03) vs 0.47(0.35–0.64), p&lt;0.001). By Cox stepwise multivariate analysis, high levels of ADMA were one of the strongest predictors for mortality (HR(95%CI), 6.63(2.55–17.21)), even when adjusted for potential confounders, such as biological and clinical factors, and reperfusion. In contrast, SDMA failed to independently predict the outcome (HR(95%CI): 1.88(0.33–10.70). Conclusion . Our study suggests that measurement of ADMA levels at baseline improves cardiovascular risk prediction after acute MI, beyond traditional risk factors and biomarkers. ADMA may thus constitute a novel and useful marker for risk stratification in acute MI.
Abstract 16275: Indexed Left Ventricular Mass Measured by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Independently Predicts Mortality Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Alistair C Lindsay, Thomas Snow, Richard J Jabbour, Mona Sriharan, Sanjay K Prasad, Raad H Mohiaddin, Carlo Di Mario, Simon W Davies, Neil E Moat
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background:  Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) provides important structural information in patients being considered for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). However, the relationship between CMR measurements of ventricular function and outcomes after TAVI has not previously been investigated.   Methods:  264 patients with severe aortic stenosis attending a tertiary centre underwent CMR using a 1.5T scanner and a standardized protocol. Steady-state free precession sequences were used for aortic valve planimetry and to assess ventricular volumes and mass. Areas of gadolinium enhancement were assessed after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg of gadolinium contrast agent. Semi-automated image analysis was performed by two specialist reviewers blinded to patient treatment. Patient follow-up was obtained from the Office of National Statistics national mortality database; mean follow-up time was 20 months (range 1-64 months).   Results:  174 of 264 patients scanned underwent TAVI and 90 were treated medically. Baseline characteristics were similar between the TAVI and medical groups: mean age 78.2 vs. 78.0 years (p=0.83), mean LV ejection fraction 59.8% vs. 58.6% (p=0.89), mean indexed LV mass 54.5g/m 2  vs. 54.7g/m 2  (p=0.53). On univariate analyses, TAVI (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.36, p 65g/m 2  (HR 2.43, p 65g/m 2  (HR 1.8, p   Conclusions:  Indexed left ventricular mass on pre-procedural MRI is an independent predictor of mortality following TAVI. The relative benefit of TAVI was found to increase as indexed LV mass increased.
A third of Indian women who experience violence during pregnancy have complications
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Researchers have urged frontline health workers in India to identify and counsel pregnant women who are subjected to domestic violence to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, after finding a range of complications of pregnancy that can result from such violence.

Jaleel Ahmad, senior programme officer at the reproductive health division of the Population Council, in New Delhi, and colleagues wrote, “Gender-based violence (GBV) is a common form of domestic violence, done against women by their husbands.”

They analysed data concerning …