tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Gastroparesis
Authors: Adil E Bharucha, Yogish C Kudva, David O Prichard
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2019)

This review covers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of diabetic gastroparesis, and more broadly diabetic gastroenteropathy, which encompasses all the gastrointestinal manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Up to 50% of patients with type 1 and type 2 DM and suboptimal glycemic control have delayed gastric emptying (GE), which can be documented with scintigraphy, 13C breath tests, or a wireless motility capsule; the remainder have normal or rapid GE. Many patients with delayed GE are asymptomatic; others have dyspepsia (i.e., mild to moderate indigestion, with or without a mild delay in GE) or gastroparesis, which is a syndrome characterized by moderate to severe upper gastrointestinal symptoms and delayed GE that suggest, but are not accompanied by, gastric outlet obstruction. Gastroparesis can markedly impair quality of life, and up to 50% of patients have significant anxiety and/or depression. Often the distinction between dyspepsia and gastroparesis is based on clinical judgement rather than established criteria. Hyperglycemia, autonomic neuropathy, and enteric neuromuscular inflammation and injury are implicated in the pathogenesis of delayed GE. Alternatively, there are limited data to suggest that delayed GE may affect glycemic control. The management of diabetic gastroparesis is guided by the severity of symptoms, the magnitude of delayed GE, and the nutritional status. Initial options include dietary modifications, supplemental oral nutrition, and antiemetic and prokinetic medications. Patients with more severe symptoms may require a venting gastrostomy or jejunostomy and/or gastric electrical stimulation. Promising newer therapeutic approaches include ghrelin receptor agonists and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists.
A predictive system for Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis established by multivariate analysis plus nomogram model in Chinese hospitalized children: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Qi Jiang, Jin Wei Ruan, Man Man Niu, Guo Zhen Fan, Rui Xue Li, Zhen Qiu, Peng Hu
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2022)
Renal Compression in Heart Failure
Authors: Eva M. Boorsma, Jozine M. ter Maaten, Adriaan A. Voors, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2022)

Renal dysfunction is one of the strongest predictors of outcome in heart failure. Several studies have revealed that both reduced perfusion and increased congestion (and central venous pressure) contribute to worsening renal function in heart failure. This paper proposes a novel factor in the link between cardiac and renal dysfunction: "renal tamponade" or compression of renal structures caused by the limited space for expansion. This space can be limited either by the rigid renal capsule that encloses the renal interstitial tissue or by the layer of fat around the kidneys or by the peritoneal space exerting pressure on the retroperitoneal kidneys. Renal decapsulation in animal models of heart failure and acute renal ischemia has been shown effective in alleviating pressure-related injury within the kidney itself, thus supporting this concept and making it a potentially interesting novel treatment in heart failure.
Current Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
External validation of the PRIORITY model in predicting COVID-19 critical illness in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients
Authors: Sean Wei Xiang Ong, Sai Meng Tham, Lin Pin Koh, Christopher Dugan, Bo Yan Khoo, Dongdong Ren, Stephanie Sutjipto, Pei Hua Lee, Barnaby Edward Young, David Chien Lye
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2012–2016
Authors: Quinn T Ostrom, Gino Cioffi, Haley Gittleman, Nirav Patil, Kristin Waite, Carol Kruchko, Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Cancer Institute, is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors available and supersedes all previous reports in terms of completeness and accuracy. All rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 23.41 (Malignant AAAIR = 7.08, non-Malignant AAAIR = 16.33). This rate was higher in females compared to males (25.84 versus 20.82), Whites compared to Blacks (23.50 versus 23.34), and non-Hispanics compared to Hispanics (23.84 versus 21.28). The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS tumor was glioblastoma (14.6% of all tumors), and the most common non-malignant tumor was meningioma (37.6% of all tumors). Glioblastoma was more common in males, and meningioma was more common in females. In children and adolescents (age 0-19 years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.06. An estimated 86,010 new cases of malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2019 (25,510 malignant and 60,490 non-malignant). There were 79,718 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2012 and 2016. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.42. The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 35.8%, and the five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 91.5%.
Association of Homologous and Heterologous Vaccine Boosters With COVID-19 Incidence and Severity in Singapore
Authors: Sharon Hui Xuan Tan, Rachael Pung, Lin-Fa Wang, David Chien Lye, Benjamin Ong, Alex R. Cook, Kelvin Bryan Tan
Journal: JAMA (2022)

J. Daniel Kelly, MD, PhD; Samuel Leonard, MS; Katherine J. Hoggatt, PhD; W. John Boscardin, PhD; Emily N. Lum, MPH; Tristan A. Moss-Vazquez, BA; Raul Andino, PhD; Joseph K. Wong, MD; Amy Byers, PhD; Dawn M. Bravata, MD; Phyllis C. Tien, MD; Salomeh Keyhani, MD, MPH
Minerva Ostopedica, Turin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Local cholesterol metabolism orchestrates remyelination
Authors: Stefan A. Berghoff, Lena Spieth, Gesine Saher
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2022)

Cholesterol is an essential component of all cell membranes and particularly enriched in myelin membranes. Myelin membranes are a major target of immune attacks in the chronic neurological disorder multiple sclerosis (MS). During demyelinating insults, cholesterol is released from damaged myelin, increasing local levels of this unique lipid and impeding tissue regeneration. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of cholesterol-dependent processes during demyelination and remyelination, emphasizing cell type-specific responses. We discuss cellular lipid/cholesterol metabolism during early and late disease phases and highlight the concept of lipid-based pharmacological interventions. We propose that knowledge of the interplay between cell type-specific cholesterol handling, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity will unravel disease processes and facilitate development of strategies for therapies to promote remyelination.
Atrial fibrillation
Authors: Gregory Y. H. Lip, Laurent Fauchier, Saul B. Freedman, Isabelle Van Gelder, Andrea Natale, Carola Gianni, Stanley Nattel, Tatjana Potpara, Michiel Rienstra, Hung-Fat Tse, Deirdre A. Lane
Journal: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2016)
THE REBEL
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction: PML-RARα and Dnmt3a1 Cooperate <i>in vivo</i> to Promote Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

In this article (Cancer Res 2010;70:21:8792–801), which was published in the November 1, 2010 issue of Cancer Research (1), the grant support is incomplete. The corrected grant support is provided below:University of California Cancer Research Coordinating Committee and NIH grant K08 NS48118 (R. Blelloch) and NIH grant R01 CA095274 (S.C. Kogan).
Why do a lung scan?
Authors: J. D. Shoop
Journal: JAMA (1974)

WHY do a lung scan—a question asked by physicians in many types of practices, and with good reason. If a lung scan is being considered to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, the question can be answered with some certainty, but not unequivocally, because published studies of efficacy of lung scan are few. If the lung scan is being considered as an aid in diagnosis of a patient with pulmonary disease other than pulmonary embolism, the information being sought must be well defined, since such diseases produce generalized abnormalities of both perfusion and ventilation, and scanning studies do not result in specific diagnoses. Such disclaimers, however, do not negate the value of the technique of lung scanning; they merely advise circumspection in its use. <h3>Diagnosis and Prevention</h3> It is not the purpose of this article to discuss the therapy for thromboembolic disease, but the stage must be set
Classified Advertising
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
2017 KASL clinical practice guidelines management of hepatitis C: Treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2018)

HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDU, injection drug user; KASL, Korean Association for the Study of the Liver; LC, liver cirrhosis; LED/SOF, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; MSM, man who have sex with man; NNRTI, non-nucleoside
Unrecognized Heart Attacks in Women with Known Coronary Artery Disease
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients5 June 2001Unrecognized Heart Attacks in Women with Known Coronary Artery DiseaseSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-11-200106050-00003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Heart attacks occur when blood flow through the arteries to the heart (coronary arteries) is blocked for a time long enough to damage or kill a portion of heart muscle. Most, but not all, heart attacks cause symptoms, such as severe crushing chest pain, nausea, shortness of breath, or a feeling of impending doom. Some people with heart attacks die immediately, before they are able to receive medical attention. Others are admitted to hospitals and treated for their symptoms. Still others may live without ever recognizing that they ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “The Incidence of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction in Women with Coronary Heart Disease.” It is in the 5 June 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 134, pages 1043-1047). The authors are MG Shlipak, DA Elmouchi, DM Herrington, F Lin, D Grady, and MA Hlatky, for the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study Research Group.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Incidence of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction in Women with Coronary Heart Disease Michael G. Shlipak , Darryl A. Elmouchi , David M. Herrington , Feng Lin , Deborah Grady , Mark A. Hlatky , and Metrics Cited byWomen's Health LiteratureWatch 5 June 2001Volume 134, Issue 11Page: I-11KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCoronary heart diseaseElectrocardiographyHeartHormonesHospitalizationsIschemiaLongitudinal studiesMyocardial infarctionMyocardium ePublished: 5 June 2001 Issue Published: 5 June 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cigarette Smoking
Authors: A. W. Bergen, N. Caporaso
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

Cigarette smoking is the largest preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Dramatic changes in the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the second half of this century in the United States (i.e., a reduction among men and an increase among women) have reduced current smoking levels to approximately one quarter of the adult population and have reduced differences in smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable diseases between the sexes. Current smoking in the United States is positively associated with younger age, lower income, reduced educational achievement, and disadvantaged neighborhood environment. Daily smokers smoke cigarettes to maintain nicotine levels in the brain, primarily to avoid the negative effects of nicotine withdrawal, but also to modulate mood. Regular smokers exhibit higher and lower levels of stress and arousal, respectively, than nonsmokers, as well as higher impulsivity and neuroticism trait values. Nicotine dependence is the single most common psychiatric diagnosis in the United States, and substance abuse, major depression, and anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric comorbid conditions associated with nicotine dependence. Studies in twins have implicated genetic factors that explain most of the variability in vulnerability to smoking and in persistence of the smoking phenotype. Future research into the causes of smoking must take into account these associated demographics, social factors, comorbid psychiatric conditions, and genetic factors to understand this complex human behavior.
Defining COVID-19–associated pulmonary aspergillosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ruwandi M. Kariyawasam, Tanis C. Dingle, Brittany E. Kula, Ben Vandermeer, Wendy I. Sligl, Ilan S. Schwartz
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)

BackgroundPulmonary aspergillosis may complicate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and contribute to excess mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The disease is poorly understood, in part due to discordant definitions across studies.ObjectivesWe sought to review the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of COVID-19–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and compare research definitions.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and MedRxiv were searched from inception to October 12, 2021.Study eligibility criteriaICU cohort studies and CAPA case series including ≥3 patients were included.ParticipantsAdult patients in ICUs with COVID-19.InterventionsPatients were reclassified according to four research definitions. We assessed risk of bias with an adaptation of the Joanna Briggs Institute cohort checklist tool for systematic reviews.MethodsWe calculated CAPA prevalence using the Freeman-Tukey random effects method. Correlations between definitions were assessed with Spearman's rank test. Associations between antifungals and outcome were assessed with random effects meta-analysis.ResultsFifty-one studies were included. Among 3297 COVID-19 patients in ICU cohort studies, 313 were diagnosed with CAPA (prevalence 10%; 95% CI 8%–13%). Two hundred seventy-seven patients had patient-level data allowing reclassification. Definitions had limited correlation with one another (ρ = 0.268–0.447; p < 0.001), with the exception of Koehler and Verweij (ρ = 0.893; p < 0.001); 33.9% of patients reported to have CAPA did not fulfill any research definitions. Patients were diagnosed after a median of 8 days (interquartile range 5–14) in ICUs. Tracheobronchitis occurred in 3% of patients examined with bronchoscopy. The mortality rate was high (59.2%). Applying CAPA research definitions did not strengthen the association between mould-active antifungals and survival.ConclusionsThe reported prevalence of CAPA is significant but may be exaggerated by nonstandard definitions.
Psychogenic Fever
Authors: Walter C. Alvarez
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The question from Roland D. Roecker on page 1221 of the Oct. 29thJournalinterests me greatly because I have seen many cases in which I felt no doubt about the the psychogenic production of fever. My most remarkable case was that of a professional athlete, a woman with a magnificent body but a peculiar type of slightly psychotic mind. She went for four years with a fever that sometimes reached 103°F (39.4°C). She was studied in some of the biggest and best medical institutions in this country. Because she had a lot of abdominal pain with her fever, her abdomen was explored three times before I saw her. The last surgeon had said there might be slight, possibly tuberculous changes in her tubes, so, I am ashamed to say, I allowed her to have a fourth exploration. When, looking over the shoulder of the surgeon, I
Editorial: Illness in the clouds.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

possible feature would be the presence or absence of abnormal chromosome sets.Karyotype abnormalities have repeatedly been found in cervical lesions, including many lesions with surface maturation.'3It has been suggested14 that the presence of abnormal mitoses in paraffin sections should be taken as a major feature for a new definition of carcinoma in situ, but that criterion would certainly be open to differences in interpretation.If the enlarged nuclei present in the mildest dys- plasias turned out to be simply polyploid, with normal chromosome sets, and if that could be reliably determined, a tidy separation might be possible.Direct chromosome preparations are almost impossible to make from the lesions with low mitotic activity, but some of the evidence from Feulgen microspectrophotometry tends to support this concept.'5 16 Further careful studies on the nuclear DNA content in lesions considered to be on the borderline of cervical neoplasia would be illuminating and might even permit a separation into three-those with simple polyploidy, those with a scatter of aneuploid values, and those showing the emergence of a new dominant clone.Only the last could justifiably carry the question-begging name carcinoma in situ.If such a distinction could be shown (and there are formidable technical difficulties) we would still be left with the problem of discovering whether the newly-defined pathological states have different clinical courses when left untreated.Treated cases provide no information, since their risk of developing invasive cancer of the cervix is already known to be practically zero.