tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the metabolic, contractile, and ionic consequences of induced calcium alterations in the isovolumic rat heart.
Authors: J AHoerter, M VMiceli, D GRenlund, W EJacobus, GGerstenblith, E GLakatta
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Isolated adult rat hearts perfused in an isovolumic mode were used to study the effects of sodium-potassium pump inhibition and sodium-calcium exchange alterations on the tissue content of adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, and intracellular pH, all measured by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Rates of oxygen consumption, contractile function, and the cell contents of calcium, sodium, and potassium also were determined. The inhibition of sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, either by the reduction in perfusate potassium from 5.9 to 1 millimolar or less, or by the addition of 10(-4) molar ouabain, transiently increased systolic pressure. This was followed by a decrease in systolic pressure, an increase in diastolic pressure, and eventual inexcitability. This contractile profile was accompanied by a persistent increase in oxygen consumption, a monotonic decline in cellular adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine content, the development of marked int...
Arterial wave reflection in heart failure.
Authors: W KLaskey, W GKussmaul
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Arterial wave reflection may adversely influence both left ventricular afterload and ejection performance. Therefore, using multisensor catheter manometers, we derived wave reflection indexes from ascending aortic pressure and velocity recordings in 17 subjects with clinical heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and 11 control subjects free of detectable cardiovascular disease. Patients were studied at rest as well as during submaximal supine bicycle exercise. Eight of the subjects with cardiomyopathy were also studied during infusion of nitroprusside at rest and on exercise. Reflection indexes decreased on exercise in normal subjects but did not consistently do so in the subjects with heart failure. In both groups the reflected wave on exercise returned earlier during the ejection period. Infusion of nitroprusside at rest in subjects with heart failure had dramatic, and significant, effects on the magnitude and timing of arterial wave reflections. The effect of nitroprusside on ref...
Platelet and fibrin modification by radiographic contrast media.
Authors: D AGabriel, M RJones, N SReece, EBoothroyd, TBashore
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The effect of the radiographic contrast agents, iopamidol and diatrizoate, on fibrin assembly and structure as well as platelet surface charge was studied. Increasing the iopamidol concentration from 0 to 4.5 mM prolongs the fibrin gelation time from 20 to 105 seconds (an anticoagulant effect) and reduces the fibrin fiber mass/length ratio from 3.2 x 10(12) to 0.5 x 10(12) Da/cm (i.e., produces very thin fibrin fibers). Ultraviolet difference spectroscopy of fibrinogen showed both a 15-nm shift in the ultraviolet difference maximum for iopamidol (suggesting binding) and a perturbation of the aromatic amino acid side chain region for fibrinogen (suggesting a conformational change in fibrinogen) as the concentration of iopamidol was increased from 0 to 9 mg/ml. Binding of iopamidol to fibrinogen was also shown by affinity chromatography using a Sepharose-fibrinogen column. Electrophoretic quasi elastic light scattering was used to show platelet interaction with iopamidol as reflected in a reduction in the p...
The results of transvenous endomyocardial biopsy can frequently be used to diagnose myocardial diseases in patients with idiopathic heart failure. Endomyocardial biopsies in 100 consecutive patients revealed a substantial incidence of myocarditis.
Authors: J EParrillo, H TAretz, IPalacios, J TFallon, P CBlock
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Transvenous endomyocardial biopsy is an accepted method to evaluate cardiac transplant rejection, but the clinical diagnostic value of the technique for other forms of cardiac disease has not been established. We performed biopsies in 100 consecutive patients without significant complications. The pathologic diagnostic information obtained was judged to be useful to the clinician in 54 and not useful in 46 patients. In 74 patients with congestive heart failure of unknown etiology and a dilated heart, useful pathologic diagnoses included myocarditis, vasculitis, doxorubicin cardiomyopathy, and congestive cardiomyopathy. In most of the patients with biopsy findings of myocarditis there were no other clinical or laboratory findings indicating the presence of this disease, and the diagnosis of myocarditis would have been overlooked without a biopsy. In 26 patients in whom there was clinical evidence of constrictive or restrictive cardiovascular physiologic characteristics, useful biopsy diagnoses included rad...
In-plane myocardial wall stress is not the primary determinant of coronary systolic flow impediment. A study in the isolated, perfused dog septum.
Authors: J RResar, J ZLivingston, F CYin
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The hypothesis that ventricular in-plane tensile wall stresses are the major determinant of systolic coronary flow was investigated in this study. We measured coronary artery inflow in the maximally vasodilated bed of the isolated beating septum (n = 10) during two modes of contraction characterized by markedly different levels of developed in-plane stress. An increase in contractility was induced by changing from the control steady-state pacing state to a postextrasystolic potentiated state induced by a modified rapid pacing protocol. Over a range of increments of passive stretch, the systolic flow impediment versus the diastolic wall strain was described by an inverse linear relation. Despite the differences in developed in-plane wall stresses between the two modes of contraction (p less than 0.001), the slope and intercept of these relations in both the control and potentiated states were not different for the low versus high developed stress modes. The systolic flow impediment versus diastolic wall st...
Left ventricular diastolic collapse. An echocardiographic sign of regional cardiac tamponade.
Authors: KChuttani, N GPandian, P KMohanty, KRosenfield, S LSchwartz, J EUdelson, JSimonetti, B SKusay, M ECaldeira
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDCardiac tamponade after cardiac surgical procedures is often associated with hemodynamically significant localized pericardial effusions. The localized collection of pericardial effusion in the postoperative period and the atypical presentation of cardiac tamponade limit the use of conventional clinical and echocardiographic signs usually seen with a circumferential pericardial effusion. Observation of left ventricular diastolic collapse in the echocardiogram of a patient with postoperative regional cardiac tamponade prompted us to explore the frequency of this sign in regional cardiac tamponade.METHODS AND RESULTSWe retrospectively analyzed the echocardiograms of 18 patients with postoperative cardiac tamponade for the following echocardiographic findings: right atrial collapse, right ventricular diastolic collapse, left atrial collapse, and left ventricular diastolic collapse. Three of the 18 patients had circumferential pericardial effusion, and 15 had loculated pericardial effusion; in 10, t...
Regulation of phosphatidylserine asymmetry by Ca2+-dependent membrane fusion during apoptosis.
Authors: Banafsheh Mirnikjoo, Krishnakumar Balasubramanian, Alan Schroit
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

2685  One of the hallmarks of apoptotic cells is the appearance of phosphatidylserine (PS) at the cell surface which occurs as a result of its redistribution from the cells inner-to-outer membrane leaflet. Our studies address the apoptosis-dependent mechanisms that regulate PS translocation across the plasma membrane bilayer. In contrast to red blood cells that do not contain intracellular organelles, treatment of breast cancer cells with sulfhydryl-reactive reagents results in the expression of PS which is accompanied by release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores to the cytosol. Attempts to empty endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial Ca2+ stores failed to result in PS exposure suggesting that the Ca2+ required for this process comes from other intracellular organelles or from extracellular sources. We therefore initiated a series of experiments to determine the source of Ca2+ required for PS exposure. Fluorescence microscopy of Rhod-2 AM-labeled cells revealed large intracellular vesicles that were distinct from ER, mitochondria and Golgi. A series of experiments employing rhodamine-phosphatidylethanolamine-labeled plasma membranes, fluorescein-labeled high molecular weight dextrans and calcium-green, unequivocally proved these structures were endocytotic vesicles that released their Ca2+-containing contents into the cytosol upon apoptosis. Importantly, this process was accompanied by fusion of the labeled vesicles with the plasma membrane. The requirement for apoptosis could be circumvented by treating the cells with Ca2+ ionophore/Ca2+ that resulted in fusion of endocytotic vesicles, ER, golgi and mitochondria membranes with the plasma membrane. This suggests that the redistribution of PS during apoptosis occurs by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism that is independent of DNA fragmentation and caspase activation.  In summery our data indicate that extensive membrane rearrangements and inter-organelle fusion occurs through a mechanism that involves specific elevations in cytosolic Ca2+ levels during apoptosis. This results in the concomitant reorientation of PS from the cells inner-to-outer membrane leaflet.
Efficacy Of Ercp For Difficult Bile Duct Stone Clearance: Endoscopic Papillary Balloon Dilation With Stent Versus Stent
Authors: M Alburquerque, N Zaragoza, I Miguel, M Figa, E Pijoan, JM Miñana, A Vargas, G Torres, JM Reñe, F González-Huix
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims To compare the efficacy of endoscopic papillary balloon dilation with stent (EPBD-s) vs. only stent (OS) for difficult bile duct stone clearance.
Iodine Nutrition — More Is Better
Authors: Gabriella Morreale de Escobar, Francisco Escobar del Rey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

large thrombus burden.Indeed, a recent study comparing clinical and procedural characteristics among hospitals, mostly regarding elective percutaneous coronary intervention, invariably reported a contrast volume of more than 200 ml. 5 Finally, the difference in the primary end point and the other clinical end points between the two N-acetylcysteine groups was significant when analyzed by the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test for trend, suggesting a dose-dependent protective effect of N-acetylcysteine.
After COVID-19: planning postpandemic care of patients with kidney stones
Authors: Bhaskar Kumar Somani
Journal: Nature Reviews Urology (2021)

COVID-19 has had a substantial effect on patients with kidney stones, such as delays in care and increased anxiety and use of opioids. Mitigating these effects in the future could involve an online physician-based discussion as a part of the overall treatment strategy to help patients with their queries, apprehensions and ultimately their decision-making.
Isolation and characterization of myosin from subjects with asymmetric septal hypertrophy.
Authors: B JMaron, V JFerrans, R SAdelstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Human cardiac myosin isolated from operatively obtained samples of ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall of subjects with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) was compared, with respect to structural and enzymatic properties, to myosin isolated from hearts of subjects without heart disease. The following parameters were studied: (1) activation of myosin ATPase activity by K+-EDTA and Ca2+, (2) molecular weight of the heavy and light chains of myosin as determined by electrophoretic migration in polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels and (3) ability to form bipolar aggregates at low ionic strength, as examined by electron microscopy. No difference was present in any of these parameters between human cardiac myosin from subjects with ASH and from subjects without heart disease. Thus, the genetic defect present in subjects with ASH is not expressed in the particular structural and functional characteristics of myosin evaluated in this study.
Induction of coronary artery spasm by a direct local action of ergonovine.
Authors: DHackett, SLarkin, SChierchia, GDavies, J CKaski, AMaseri
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To investigate whether ergonovine acts directly on coronary arteries or via remote neurohumoral reflexes, we administered small titrated increments of intracoronary ergonovine up to a maximum cumulative dose of 50 micrograms to 15 patients. In six patients with variant angina (group 1), ischemic electrocardiographic ST changes, angina, and localized coronary spasm (local coronary diameter reduction of 87.8 +/- 18.9% [mean +/- SD]) followed after 6 to 50 micrograms (mean 20.7) cumulative intracoronary ergonovine. In nine patients with atypical chest pain, normal baseline coronary arteriograms, and no evidence of variant angina (group 2), there was no ischemic ST segment change or localized coronary spasm after 6 to 50 micrograms (mean 31.6) intracoronary ergonovine. Coronary diameter of proximal vessels of patients in group 2 was reduced by 16.2 +/- 6.5% and did not differ from the response of nonspastic vessels of comparable size of group 1 (20.5 +/- 13.8%; p = .7). There was no significant difference in ...
Specific IK1 blockade: a new antiarrhythmic mechanism? Effect of RP58866 on ventricular arrhythmias in rat, rabbit, and primate.
Authors: S ARees, M JCurtis
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThe effectiveness of blockade of the inwardly rectifying K+ current (IK1) in prevention of arrhythmias is unknown. We have examined the antiarrhythmic potential of a new selective IK1 blocker, RP58866, in rat, rabbit, and primate (marmoset) isolated hearts in the settings of acute ischemia and reperfusion.METHODS AND RESULTSIn concentration-response studies (n = 12 per group), the drug reduced ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) in rat from control incidence of 100 to 50%, 17% (p < 0.05), and 0% (p < 0.05) at 1, 3, and 10 mumol/L, respectively. RP58866 produced significant bradycardia at the 3- and 10-mumol/L concentrations and significant QT interval widening at all three concentrations (p < 0.05). When rat hearts (n = 12 per group) were paced (5 Hz) via the left atrium to prevent bradycardia, the antiarrhythmic effects of 10-mumol/L RP58866 were unmodified (ischemia-induced VF incidence was reduced by drug from 83% in control hearts to 8%; p < 0.05). Similarly, pacing did not preven...
Continuous 24-hour assessment of the neural regulation of systemic arterial pressure and RR variabilities in ambulant subjects.
Authors: RFurlan, SGuzzetti, WCrivellaro, SDassi, MTinelli, GBaselli, SCerutti, FLombardi, MPagani, AMalliani
Journal: Circulation (1990)

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the neural control of circulation in humans undergoes continuous but in part predictable changes throughout the day and night. Dynamic 24-hour recordings were obtained in two groups of ambulant subjects. In 18 hospitalized patients free to move, direct high-fidelity arterial pressures and electrocardiograms were recorded, and in an additional 28 nonhospitalized subjects, only electrocardiograms were obtained. Spectral analysis of systolic arterial pressure and of RR interval variabilities provided quantitative markers of sympathetic and vagal control of the sinus node and of sympathetic modulation of vasomotor tone. With this approach, the low-frequency (approximately 0.1 Hz) component of RR interval and systolic arterial pressure variabilities is considered a marker primarily of sympathetic activity, whereas the high-frequency (approximately 0.25 Hz) component of RR interval variability, related to respiration, seems to be a marker primarily of vagal activity....
Comparison of endocardial catheter mapping with intraoperative mapping of ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: M EJosephson, L NHorowitz, S RSpielman, A MGreenspan, CVandePol, A HHarken
Journal: Circulation (1980)

To validate the accuracy of catheter endocardial mapping to localize the origin of ventricular tachycardia (VT), we compared cathether endocardial mapping with intraoperative epicardial and endocardial mapping of 24 morphologically distinct VTs in 18 patients undergoing surgery. Twelve had VT with left bundle branch block morphology and 12 had VT with right bundle branch block morphology. Catheter endocardial mapping localized 23 VT morphologies to the border of a left ventricular aneurysm or myocardial infarction and one VT to a right ventriculotomy scar. Intraoperative epicardial mapping showed epicardial breakthrough on the right ventricle in 10 VTs with left bundle branch block morphology and on the left ventricle in two. In 12 VTs with right bundle branch block morphology, intraoperative epicardial mapping revealed the earliest site of VT with left bundle branch block morphology (11 patients) and VT with right bundle branch block morphology (12 patients) at the border of a left ventricular aneurysm, ...
Contribution of Colonoscopy After an Episode of Complicated Diverticular Disease
Authors: S Bradai, A khsiba, M Mahmoudi, M Medhioub, A Ben Mohamed, l Hamzaoui, Azzouz MM
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used for the diagnosis of complicated diverticular disease. However, colonoscopy is generally recommended after an episode of complicated diverticular disease to rule out an underlying malignancy. The aim of our study is to investigate the value of this examination in patients with complicated diverticular disease of the colon.
Multicentric origin of the atrial depolarization wave: the pacemaker complex. Relation to dynamics of atrial conduction, P-wave changes and heart rate control.
Authors: J PBoineau, R BSchuessler, C RMooney, A CWylds, C BMiller, R DHudson, J MBorremans, C WBrockus
Journal: Circulation (1978)

In studies to ascertain the basis of dynamic changes in the P wave, bipolar epicardial potentials were recorded from multiple atrial electrodes in dogs. One hundred to 120 activation times were displayed by a digital computer and used to construct atrial isotemporal activation sequence maps. Changes in heart rate or beat-to-beat cycle length were induced by vagal stimulation or infusion of autonomic mediating drugs. Changes in cycle length were associated with dynamic changes in the atrial activation sequence and surface P-wave. A conspicuous finding was that epicardial atrial depolarization began at three widely separated locations. These three points were consistently present in all animals and were generally located at the 12, 3, and 6 o'clock positions of the superior vena cava-right atrial junction. The dynamic changes in P waves and atrial activation sequence which accompanied the changes in cycle length were due to sudden shifts in the point of earliest activity between the three early sites. Asymm...
Salmeterol/fluticasone combination instead of indacaterol or<i>vice-versa</i>?
Authors: Leonardo M. Fabbri, Alvar Agusti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

The Indacaterol: Switching Non-exacerbating Patients with Moderate COPD From Salmeterol/Fluticasone to Indacaterol (INSTEAD) study, published in the December edition of the European Respiratory Journal, concluded that that "patients with moderate COPD and no exacerbations in the previous year can be switched from salmeterol/fluticasone (SFC) to indacaterol with no efficacy loss" [1]. We would like to respectfully challenge this conclusion (as suggested also by the acronym "INSTEAD") since, in our opinion, the data presented do not support it. First, the study was designed and powered to address a short-term (12 weeks), physiological question (the primary outcome was non-inferiority of lung function changes (through forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)). This study design does not allow any inference about the relative clinical positioning of these two therapeutic alternatives at longer term (daily control or future risk, e.g. exacerbation, progression of disease, or mortality). Lung function and relevance on choice of indacaterol or salmeterol/fluticasone combination in moderate COPD patients <http://ow.ly/HGOCV>
Intratumoral OH2, an oncolytic herpes simplex virus 2, in patients with advanced solid tumors: a multicenter, phase I/II clinical trial
Authors: Bo Zhang, Jing Huang, Jialin Tang, Sheng Hu, Suxia Luo, Zhiguo Luo, Fuxiang Zhou, Shiyun Tan, Jieer Ying, Qing Chang, Rui Zhang, Chengyun Geng, Dawei Wu, Xiangyong Gu, Binlei Liu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background OH2 is a genetically engineered oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 designed to selectively amplify in tumor cells and express granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to enhance antitumor immune responses. We investigated the safety, tolerability and antitumor activity of OH2 as single agent or in combination with HX008, an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods In this multicenter, phase I/II trial, we enrolled patients with standard treatment-refractory advanced solid tumors who have injectable lesions. In phase I, patients received intratumoral injection of OH2 at escalating doses (10 6 , 10 7 and 10 8 CCID50/mL) as single agent or with fixed-dose HX008. The recommended doses were then expanded in phase II. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability defined by the maximum-tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in phase I, and antitumor activity assessed per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST version 1.1) and immune-RECIST in phase II. Results Between April 17, 2019 and September 22, 2020, 54 patients with metastatic cancers were enrolled. Forty patients were treated with single agent OH2, and 14 with OH2 plus HX008. No DLTs were reported with single agent OH2 in phase I. Four patients, having metastatic mismatch repair-proficient rectal cancer or metastatic esophageal cancer, achieved immune-partial response, with two from the single agent cohort and two from the combination cohort. The duration of response were 11.25+ and 14.03+ months for the two responders treated with single agent OH2, and 1.38+ and 2.56+ months for the two responders in the combination cohort. The most common treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) with single agent OH2 was fever (n=18, 45.0%). All TRAEs were of grade 1–2, except one case of grade 3 fever in the 10 8 CCID50/mL group. No treatment-related serious AEs occurred. Single agent OH2 induced alterations in the tumor microenvironment, with clear increases in CD3 + and CD8 + cell density and programmed death-ligand 1 expression in the patients’ post-treatment biopsies relative to baseline. Conclusions Intratumoral injection of OH2 was well-tolerated, and demonstrated durable antitumor activity in patients with metastatic esophageal and rectal cancer. Further clinical development of OH2 as single agent or with immune checkpoint inhibitors in selected tumor types is warranted.