tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction in the presence of coronary stenosis in the dog.
Authors: C WBuffington, E OFeigl
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Previous studies have demonstrated competition between sympathetic alpha receptor-mediated coronary vasoconstriction and local metabolic vasodilation during sympathetic activation. The present study tested if this competition also occurs in the presence of coronary stenosis. In closed-chest dogs, the left coronary artery was cannulated, and blood flow from the aorta was restricted by a moderate stenosis (70% area reduction). Intracoronary norepinephrine infusion produced coronary vascular alpha receptor and myocardial beta receptor activation. Norepinephrine infusion was repeated following alpha receptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine (0.25 mg/kg, injected into the coronary artery). Myocardial oxygen and lactate extraction, coronary sinus blood oxygen tension, and coronary resistance were compared at equal levels of myocardial oxygen consumption before and after coronary alpha receptor blockade. In the presence of coronary stenosis, intracoronary norepinephrine infusion decreased coronary sinus oxygen con...
Prevalence and incidence of palmoplantar pustulosis in Sweden: a population‐based register study*
Authors: S. Löfvendahl, J. M. Norlin, M. Schmitt‐Egenolf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Background Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic relapsing skin condition characterized by sterile pustules on the palm and soles. Population-based estimates of PPP incidence and prevalence are limited. Objectives To estimate the prevalence and incidence of PPP in the Swedish general population and to estimate the prevalence of psoriasis vulgaris among the population with PPP. Methods The Swedish National Patient Register was used, covering all inpatient and outpatient nonprimary care for the Swedish population. We identified cases (2004–2015) with one International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision diagnostic code (base case) for PPP. The point prevalence estimates at the end of this period (31 December 2015) were obtained by linkage to the Swedish Total Population Register. In sensitivity analyses, we used alternative case definitions: (i) requiring two visits and (ii) requiring two visits, one of which was within dermatology or internal medicine. Results The base case prevalence of PPP was estimated to be 147 per 100 000 (women 227, men 68) and the annual prevalence was estimated to 26 per 100 000 in 2015. Among the population of people with PPP, 17% were registered with a diagnostic code for psoriasis vulgaris. The incidence of PPP in 2015 was estimated to be 12·7 per 100 000 (women 18·7, men 6·6). The criteria used had an impact on the prevalence and incidence estimates: strict case 1 gave an overall prevalence of 72 per 100 000 and an incidence of 5·4 per 100 000. Conclusions The results indicate that the population-based prevalence of PPP may be larger than previously estimated. However, the estimates were sensitive to the employed PPP case criteria. The findings enhance demands for studies using validated diagnostic algorithms potentially also including data from primary care.
Ischemic heart disease mortality in Hispanics, American Indians, and non-Hispanic whites in New Mexico, 1958-1982.
Authors: T MBecker, CWiggins, C RKey, J MSamet
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To describe trends in mortality from ischemic heart disease in New Mexico's Hispanic, American Indian, and non-Hispanic white populations, we used vital records data collected from 1958 through 1982. We calculated age-adjusted and age-specific mortality rates for ischemic heart disease for each of the state's principal ethnic groups. Death certificate data were used in combination with population estimates based on the censuses of 1960, 1970, and 1980. Age-adjusted mortality rates for ischemic heart disease among Hispanics, American Indians, and non-Hispanic white men were consistent with nationwide patterns of rising mortality rates during the 1960s followed by declining rates. Mortality rates from ischemic heart disease in all three ethnic groups in New Mexico were lower than national rates for whites. Rates for Hispanics in New Mexico were lower than for non-Hispanic whites; rates for American Indians were the lowest among the three groups. These data support previous observations that Hispanics and Am...
Entrainment of reentrant ventricular tachycardia in anisotropic rings of rabbit myocardium. Mechanisms of termination, changes in morphology, and acceleration.
Authors: LBoersma, JBrugada, CKirchhof, MAllessie
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDEntrainment of ventricular tachycardia can either terminate or change the rate and/or morphology of ventricular tachycardia. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by mapping of entrainment of ventricular tachycardia.METHODS AND RESULTSIn 10 Langendorff-perfused rings of anisotropic rabbit left ventricular epicardium created by a cryoprocedure, ventricular tachycardia with a cycle length of 167 +/- 17 milliseconds was induced by incremental pacing. During transient entrainment (10 stimuli), the circulating wave was extinguished by collision with the paced antidromic wave, whereas ventricular tachycardia was reset by the paced orthodromic wave. At shorter pacing intervals, the site of collision shifted deeper into the circuit. Entrainment at high rates (104 +/- 11 milliseconds) resulted in either termination (n = 54), a change in morphology (n = 8), or acceleration (n = 6) of ventricular tachycardia. Termination of ventricular tachycardia was due to complete (84%) or...
Biochemical properties of membranes isolated from calcium-depleted rabbit hearts.
Authors: J MLamers, J TStinis, T JRuigrok
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The purpose of this study was to define the biochemical properties of sarcolemma from the calcium-depleted rabbit heart. Calcium repletion after calcium-free perfusion results in irreversible damage to the heart (calcium paradox). No difference was found in specific activity of the Na+ -Ca++ antiporter in a crude preparation of sarcolemmal vesicles that was isolated from calcium-depleted hearts, compared with control perfused hearts. Likewise, the passive calcium efflux from sarcolemmal vesicles, preloaded with calcium via the Na+ -Ca++ antiporter, showed rates that were identical with control values. This indicates that the sarcolemma calcium permeability is not affected by calcium-free perfusion of the heart. Na+,K+ -ATPase activity in sarcolemma isolated from calcium-depleted hearts was reduced by 75% (P less than 0.005) compared with the control activity. Sarcolemmal phosphoproteins, whether produced by endogenous cyclic AMP- or calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, were not altered by calcium-...
Preventing Hospital Readmission for Patients With Comorbid Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Jan Gryczynski, Courtney D. Nordeck, Christopher Welsh, Shannon G. Mitchell, Kevin E. O’Grady, Robert P. Schwartz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Hospitalized patients with comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) are at high risk for poor outcomes, including readmission and emergency department (ED) use.To determine whether patient navigation services reduce hospital readmissions.Randomized controlled trial comparing Navigation Services to Avoid Rehospitalization (NavSTAR) versus treatment as usual (TAU). (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02599818).Urban academic hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, with an SUD consultation service.400 hospitalized adults with comorbid SUD (opioid, cocaine, or alcohol).NavSTAR used proactive case management, advocacy, service linkage, and motivational support to resolve internal and external barriers to care and address SUD, medical, and basic needs for 3 months after discharge.Data on inpatient readmissions (primary outcome) and ED visits for 12 months were obtained for all participants via the regional health information exchange. Entry into SUD treatment, substance use, and related outcomes were assessed at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up.Participants had high levels of acute care use: 69% had an inpatient readmission and 79% visited the ED over the 12-month observation period. Event rates per 1000 person-days were 6.05 (NavSTAR) versus 8.13 (TAU) for inpatient admissions (hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.58 to 0.96]; P= 0.020) and 17.66 (NavSTAR) versus 27.85 (TAU) for ED visits (hazard ratio, 0.66 [CI, 0.49 to 0.89]; P= 0.006). Participants in the NavSTAR group were less likely to have an inpatient readmission within 30 days than those receiving TAU (15.5% vs. 30.0%; P< 0.001) and were more likely to enter community SUD treatment after discharge (P= 0.014; treatment entry within 3 months, 50.3% NavSTAR vs. 35.3% TAU).Single-site trial, which limits generalizability.Patient navigation reduced inpatient readmissions and ED visits in this clinically challenging sample of hospitalized patients with comorbid SUDs.National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Re: Jabbarvand et al.: Endophthalmitis occurring after cataract surgery: outcomes of more than 480 000 cataract surgeries, epidemiologic features, and risk factors (Ophthalmology 2016;123:295-301)
Authors: Abhishek Dave, Ramesh Venkatesh, Prachi Abhishek Dave, Umang Mathur
Journal: Ophthalmology (2017)
Time course of thrombolysis induced by intravenous bolus or infusion of tissue plasminogen activator in a rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model.
Authors: J PClozel, TTschopp, ELuedin, PHolvoet
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Tissue plasminogen activator is a thrombolytic agent that has been shown to be efficient in patients with myocardial infarction or pulmonary embolus. However, little is known about the time course and the dose dependency of its thrombolytic effect. The goal of our study was to investigate the time course of the thrombolysis induced by increasing doses of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) given either as a continuous infusion (0.0625-1 mg/kg) or as a bolus (0.05-0.4 mg/kg). For this purpose, we modified a previously described rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model by using an external gamma counter to follow continuously the thrombolysis. After administration of t-PA as either an infusion or a bolus, the rate and the extent of thrombolysis were dose dependent. The thrombus size decreased regularly following an exponential curve and reached a lower asymptote implicating an unlysable thrombus. As expected, after bolus injection, t-PA was rapidly inhibited resulting in a duration of action of approximately 15...
The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship in conscious dogs.
Authors: J ASpratt, G STyson, D DGlower, J WDavis, L HMuhlbaier, C OOlsen, J SRankin
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) has been shown to be an afterload-insensitive descriptor of ventricular inotropic state in the isolated heart. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of changes in afterload, heart rate, intravascular volume, autonomic tone, and inotropic state on the ESPVR in conscious dogs. In 30 dogs, left ventricular and pleural pressures were measured with micromanometers, and left ventricular volume was assessed with global ultrasonic crystals. The ESPVR was obtained during vena caval occlusions in each dog during pharmacologic afterload interventions at control and after autonomic blockade. Analysis of variance techniques were used to compare the slopes (Emax) and intercepts (Vd) of ESPVR regression lines in a given study. All estimates of the ESPVR in conscious dogs involved large extrapolations to obtain estimates of Vd. Repeat determinations of Emax at control in the unblocked state were significantly different in six of eight dogs (p less than ...
Rapid accumulation of elastin and collagen in the aortas of sheep in the immediate perinatal period.
Authors: M PBendeck, B LLangille
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

While characterizing developmental changes in aortic wall composition in sheep, we observed very rapid accumulation of elastin and collagen in the immediate perinatal period. Thoracic aortic elastin content increased by 41%, and collagen content increased by 49% in approximately 1 week, between 140 days gestation and 3 days postpartum (term = 145 days). Even larger changes were observed in the abdominal aorta. Elastin content increased by 66%, and collagen increased by 57%. The pronounced increase in wall tissue accumulation near birth preceded a marked postnatal increase in arterial pressure. We propose that this elastin and collagen accumulation is a preadaptive response in preparation for the later increase in pressure. The prenatal and postnatal events that initiate this synthesis and accumulation are not known. We also found that, in the 3 weeks after this initial rapid increase, accumulation of elastin and collagen was markedly reduced in the abdominal, but not the thoracic, aorta. This latter findi...
Blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium channels increases infarct size but does not prevent preconditioning in rabbit hearts.
Authors: J DThornton, C SThornton, D LSterling, J MDowney
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Ischemic preconditioning renders the heart resistant to infarction by an unknown mechanism. This study tests whether preconditioning may be working through activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. If that were the case, then blockade of the channels should eliminate preconditioning's protection, and activation of these channels should mimic it. Thirty minutes of regional coronary ischemia followed by 3 hours of reperfusion caused 38.0 +/- 3.7% of the risk zone to become infarcted in control rabbits. Preconditioning with 5-minute ischemia followed by a 10-minute reperfusion before the 30-minute insult caused only 8.8 +/- 2.1% infarction, which was a reduction of 29.2% in infarct size by preconditioning (p < 0.01 versus control value). Pretreatment with the potassium channel blocker glibenclamide at three different concentrations significantly elevated infarct size in the nonpreconditioned hearts at all doses. Preconditioning, however, continued to limit infarct size by an amount not different from t...
Improved asthma control during the COVID-19 pandemic: are there lessons to be learnt?
Authors: Imogen P Skene, Paul E Pfeffer
Journal: Thorax (2021)

While the health impacts of acute COVID-19 pneumonia and long COVID have rightly been the focus of major medical research over the last 12 months, for many patients and healthcare providers an equal concern has been the impact of the pandemic on long-term conditions. Respiratory conditions are among the most common chronic diseases across patients of different ages. Three articles in this issue provide an informative lens through which to study the impact of the pandemic on airways disease, reporting significant reductions in severe exacerbations in different settings.

Two research groups have addressed this issue by examining the effect of the pandemic on asthma exacerbations in the UK. As the incidence of exacerbations changes over time both groups used interrupted time series methodology to establish any impact of lockdown adjusted for variation across the year and between years, with both studies finding a reduction in incidence of severe asthma exacerbations with the onset of lockdown. Specifically, Davies and colleagues found a 36% pooled reduction in emergency admissions for asthma in Scotland and Wales following lockdown,1 whereas Shah and colleagues found a significant reduction in England in severe exacerbations managed in primary care with oral corticosteroids following lockdown though no significant reduction in exacerbations requiring hospital care.2 Importantly, there was no evidence of …
Comment on “Environmental Cadmium and Mortality from Influenza and Pneumonia in U.S. Adults”
Authors: Tomoyuki Kawada
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

Park et al. (2020) conducted a prospective study on the association between cadmium (Cd) exposure and subsequent mortality associated with influenza and pneumonia.The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of participants with creatinine-corrected urinary Cd (U-Cd) in the 80th vs. 20th percentiles for influenza-or pneumonia-associated mortality was 1.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.26), and the significance was maintained among never-smokers.In contrast, no significant association was reported between blood Cd levels and influenza-or pneumonia-associated mortality, which raises some questions about their study.First, the level of Cd exposure was low, presenting a mean value of 0:58 lg=g of creatinine in the urine, suggesting that participants lived in non-Cd-polluted areas (Chaumont et al. 2013).The background level of Cd exposure is important for considering the mechanism of association between Cd and influenza-or pneumonia-associated mortality.The effects of Cd on the kidney cannot be observed in this population, and the association with influenza is less likely to be related to Cd nephrotoxicity.Second, I speculate that the discrepancy between the associations of U-Cd and blood Cd with influenza-or pneumoniaassociated mortality is important.Huang et al. (2013) reported that mean U-Cd in men was significantly higher in current and former smokers than in never-smokers.Cd has a shorter half-life in blood than in urine, and blood Cd more likely reflects recent exposure, including smoking (Lauwerys et al. 1994;Adams and Newcomb 2014).Therefore, middle-to long-term Cd exposure can be monitored based on urine samples.I suggest that future studies of Cd and lung tissue should pay more attention to U-Cd than to blood Cd.Third, Park et al. ( 2020) used Cox regression analysis to predict influenza-or pneumonia-associated mortality by Cd exposure.U-Cd concentrations varied widely by age, and there are different results of the adjusted HRs for mortality in each age class.Adjustment of sociodemographic and socioeconomic data, such as race, ethnicity, income, education, and occupational position, could provide insight into whether the association of Cd exposure with influenza and pneumonia might vary by age.Although a statistically significant association was observed in this study using a sufficiently large sample, sensitivity analysis showed that the significance was observed in participants ages 65-84 y.Further studies are needed to elucidate age-related factors affecting the relationship between Cd exposure and influenza-or pneumonia-associated mortality.
Impact Of Esge Criteria In Evaluation Of Patients With Suspected Common Bile Duct Stones. Real Life Experience In A High-Volume Center
Authors: M Balzarini, E Mariotto, M Parravicini, C Cortellezzi, E Grassi, S Segato
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims According to ESGE guidelines ERCP should be performed in patients without cholangitis only when common bile duct stones are visible on imaging modalities.
Beneficial effects of iloprost in the stunned canine myocardium.
Authors: N EFarber, G MPieper, J PThomas, G JGross
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The effect of the prostacyclin-mimetic, iloprost, on the reversibly damaged (stunned) myocardium was studied in barbital-anesthetized, open-chest dogs subjected to 15 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and 3 hours of reperfusion. Regional myocardial segment shortening (%SS) was measured in the subendocardium of nonischemic and ischemic-reperfused areas by sonomicrometry. Iloprost was infused for 30 minutes beginning 15 minutes prior to occlusion (0.05 microgram/kg/min, ILO-LOW, or 0.1 microgram/kg/min, ILO-HIGH) or immediately prior to reperfusion (0.1 microgram/kg/min, ILO-REP). %SS in the ischemic-reperfused region recovered to 3% of pretreatment values in the control (saline-treated) group by 3 hours of reperfusion. In contrast, %SS in the iloprost-treated groups was significantly enhanced versus the control group at all times of reperfusion. At 3 hours of reperfusion, %SS recovered to 43% (ILO-LOW), 58% (ILO-HIGH), and 35% (ILO-REP) of pretreatment values. The beneficial effect on functional recov...
Endoscopic Management of Anastomotic Leak After Resective Surgery for Colonic-Infiltrating Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: R Di Mitri, A Bonaccorso, F Mocciaro, E Conte, M Amata, M Lo Mastro, P Marchesa, D Scimeca
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A 39-year-old man underwent colonic resection and distal splenopancreasectomy for colonic-infiltrating pancreatic cancer. The patient experienced fever and abdominal pain 5days after surgery. CT-scan documented a 10cm intra-abdominal collection in splenic loggia. Endoscopy showed a large fistulous orifice opening beyond the colo-colonic junction with wide access to the peri-anastomotic cavity. We placed two double-pigtail stent across the leak. Size collection progressively reduced and the pig-tails were finally removed after 5 weeks. Endoscopy at 6 months showed a completely regular anastomosis. Stent placement, promoting granulation-tissue formation, allowed to treat successfully anastomotic leak with conservative approach, without needing of a protective ileostomy.
Survival of patients with a strongly positive exercise electrocardiogram.
Authors: G RDagenais, J RRouleau, AChristen, JFabia
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To assess the prognosis of patients with a strongly positive exercise ECG, the 5-year cumulative survival rate was computed for 220 medically treated patients. Of these patients, 107 had coronary angiograms (group A) and 113 did not (group B). All had horizontal or downsloping ST depression greater than or equal to 2 mm during a multistage Bruce protocol treadmill exercise test. In group A, the overall 5-year survival rate was 74 +/- 5%. Survival decreased with decreasing duration of exercise: All patients who achieved stage IV (541 seconds or more) survived, whereas the survival rate was 86 +/- 6% when the patients terminated their exercise during stage III (361 - 540 seconds), 73 +/- 7% when during stage II (181 - 360 seconds) and only 52 +/- 13% when during stage I (180 seconds or less). The mortality was associated with more severe coronary artery disease, and sudden death was the main cause of death. Patients in group B had a longer mean exercise duration than those in group A and, as expected, a hig...
Quality and Safety in Healthcare, Part LXXXVII
Authors: Jay A. Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

The Framework for Safe, Reliable, and Effective Care (Framework) and the combined TeamSTEPPS and CUSP programs have many similarities to improve safety including the use of teams, excellent communication, safety culture, engaging patients, and leadership. However, the Framework has a focus on the Model for Improvement, and the TeamSTEPPS and CUSP programs emphasize other subjects including handoffs, the membership of teams, coaching, and spreading changes.
Fighting the Sixth Decade of the Cancer War with Better Cancer Models
Authors: David A. Tuveson
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Cancer models have helped solve many mysteries of cancer research, and are poised to bring our understanding to the next level as we dissect the relevance of cancer-associated alleles and heterocellular interactions. However, the ability of cancer models to correctly identify new therapeutic methods has been less fruitful, and a reconsideration of model designs and model applications should help develop more effective approaches for patients.