tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Pediatric HIV Outbreak in Ratodero, Pakistan — April 2019–April 2020
Authors: Elizabeth M. Rabold, Saqib Ali Shaikh, Karl Schenkel, Mirza Amir Baig, Rana Jawad Asghar, Ahmed Liban, Oliver Morgan, Hammad Ali
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

In April 2019, local media reports alerted the Sindh AIDS Control Program (SACP) in Pakistan of 14 children aged <10 years with new diagnoses of HIV infection in Ratodero, a rural subdistrict of Larkana District in Sindh province* (1).The report of pediatric cases of HIV infection in these children, whose parents all had received negative HIV test results, was concerning given the low number of children living with HIV in Pakistan (4,200 in a population of 79 million children) and the low (<0.1%)HIV prevalence estimate in the general population.†, § Within 2 weeks, SACP, with assistance from the Pakistan Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP), established 18 health care and community testing sites throughout Larkana District to identify additional cases.Testing was limited to specimens from persons who visited these voluntary testing sites, regardless of symptoms, and did not include contact tracing of clients with positive test results for HIV infection or implementation of HIV testing at highrisk clinical entry points (e.g., emergency departments or infectious disease clinics).By May 18, 2019, among 16,856 persons tested, health officials identified 571 (3.4%) new cases of HIV infection, 463 (81%) of which were in children and adolescents aged ≤15 years, including 355 (62%) aged ≤5 years.¶ In late May 2019, Pakistan's Federal Health Ministry requested assistance from the World Health Organization (WHO).International partners including other United Nations agencies and CDC joined WHO to support SACP, FELTP, and other local partners in the outbreak investigation and response.Preliminary investigations (including patient interviews, site visits to clinics, hospitals, and blood banks, and review of surveillance data) identified unsafe injection practices at health care facilities, unsafe practices at blood banks, inadequate infection control measures, and improper management of medical waste as possible risk factors.The Expanded Programme on Immunization services in Pakistan, which includes immunizations against hepatitis B, tuberculosis, polio, and other childhood diseases,
P40.13 Lung Cancer 5-Year Survival in Croatia - Our Experience
Authors: F. Seiwerth, L. Bitar, K. Krpina, I. Markelić, G. Glodić, F. Džubur, S. Smojver Ježek, A. Mataić, M. Samaržija, M. Jakopović
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
A synaptic temperature sensor for body cooling
Authors: Gretel B Kamm, Juan C Boffi, Kristina Zuza, Sara Nencini, Joaquin Campos, Katrin Schrenk-Siemens, Ivo Sonntag, Burçe Kabaoğlu, Muad Y Abd El Hay, Yvonne Schwarz, Anke Tappe-Theodor, Dieter Bruns, Claudio Acuna, Thomas Kuner, Jan Siemens
Journal: Neuron (2021)
P40.20 Real-Life Analysis of Immunotherapy as the Second or Later Lines Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: S.G. Aydin, Y. Kutlu, O. Acikgoz, A. Bilici, J. Hamdard, O.F. Olmez, O. Yildiz
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Care of men with cancer-predisposing<i>BRCA</i>variants
Authors: Rachel Horton, Paul Pharoah, Judith Hayward, Anneke Lucassen
Journal: BMJ (2021)

### What you need to know

Around one in 260 men (~0.4%) inherits a cancer-predisposing BRCA variant that increases their risk of developing prostate, pancreatic, and breast cancer and may affect the health of their family.12 Most of these men are currently unaware that they have a cancer-predisposing BRCA variant, but as genetic testing becomes more common, more men will need medical advice about what having such a variant means for them and their families.

Men are just as likely as women to have a cancer-predisposing BRCA variant, but many people perceive these variants as only being relevant to women. Paradoxically, this could lead to women at very high risk of breast and ovarian cancer missing out on screening and risk-lowering treatment despite a concerning paternal family history. Clinicians might also be less attuned to paternal family history of cancer in assessing women’s breast cancer risk.3 This practice pointer covers what cancer-predisposing BRCA variants are, who might be tested; and what health issues men and their clinicians need to know about. We refer to men but this article may also apply to some transgender and …
Disruption of adipocyte HIF-1α improves atherosclerosis through the inhibition of ceramide generation
Authors: Pengcheng Wang, Guangyi Zeng, Yu Yan, Song-yang Zhang, Yongqiang Dong, Yangming Zhang, Xingzhong Zhang, Huiying Liu, Zhipeng Zhang, Changtao Jiang, Yanli Pang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic multifactorial cardiovascular disease. Western diets have been reported to affect atherosclerosis through regulating adipose function. In high cholesterol diet-fed ApoE–/– mice, adipocyte HIF-1α deficiency or direct inhibition of HIF-1α by the selective pharmacological HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 alleviates high cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis by reducing adipose ceramide generation, which lowers cholesterol levels and reduces inflammatory responses, resulting in improved dyslipidemia and atherogenesis. Smpd3, the gene encoding neutral sphingomyelinase, is identified as a new target gene directly regulated by HIF-1α that is involved in ceramide generation. Injection of lentivirus-SMPD3 in epididymal adipose tissue reverses the decrease in ceramides in adipocytes and eliminates the improvements on atherosclerosis in the adipocyte HIF-1α-deficient mice. Therefore, HIF-1α inhibition may constitute a novel approach to slow atherosclerotic progression.
Dissecting the relationship between antimicrobial peptides and mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Amandda Évelin Silva-Carvalho, Marlon Henrique Cardoso, Thuany Alencar-Silva, Gabriela Muller Reche Bogéa, Juliana Lott Carvalho, Octávio Luiz Franco, Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2021)
Abstract MP048: Ectopic Muscle and Liver Adiposity are Independently Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in African Ancestry Men
Authors: Iva Miljkovic, Allison Kuipers, J Jeffrey Carr, James Terry, Sangeeta Nair, Ryan Cvejkus, Clareann Bunker, Alan Patrick, Yaorong Ge, Joseph Zmuda
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Although obesity is a major driver of type 2 diabetes (T2D), many obese individuals do not develop T2D. Indeed, fat around and within non-adipose tissue organs (i.e., ectopic fat) is emerging as a strong risk factor for diabetes. The potential differential contribution of ectopic fat depots throughout the body on T2D risk is unclear because studies have mainly focused on visceral and/or liver fat. No study, to our knowledge, has addressed the potential independent association of visceral, liver, and skeletal muscle adiposity with T2D. Such studies are particularly needed among African ancestry populations, as generalized obesity and other risk factors do not appear to explain the high T2D burden in this population segment. To address this knowledge gap, we measured total body fat by DXA, and visceral, liver, and calf skeletal muscle adiposity by computed tomography in 490 Afro-Caribbean men, aged 50-91 years (mean age=64 years, mean BMI=27.5 kg/m 2 ). The prevalence of T2D in this population was 22.3%. We employed multiple logistic regression using total body fat percent and ectopic fat depots as predictors (Table). We found that each 7.9 HU decrease in liver attenuation (indicative of greater liver adiposity) was associated with a 33% increased odds of T2D (p=0.011). Similarly, each 4.2 mg/cm 3 decrease in muscle attenuation (indicative of greater intra-muscular adiposity) was associated with a 31% increased odds of T2D (p=0.04). These associations were independent of total and visceral adiposity. Our results support the “ectopic fat syndrome” theory, as opposed to the “portal theory”, in the pathogenesis of diabetes among African ancestry men. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the exact role of specific ectopic fat depots in T2D, particularly in high-risk African ancestry populations.
Rivaroxaban Is Associated With Higher Rates of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Than Other Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Arnar B. Ingason, Jóhann P. Hreinsson, Arnar S. Ágústsson, Sigrún H. Lund, Edward Rumba, Daníel A. Pálsson, Indriði E. Reynisson, Brynja R. Guðmundsdóttir, Páll T. Önundarson, Einar S. Björnsson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) rates for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and warfarin have been extensively compared. However, population-based studies comparing GIB rates among different DOACs are limited.To compare rates of GIB among apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban.Nationwide population-based cohort study.Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland and the 4 regional hospitals in Iceland.New users of apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban from 2014 to 2019.Rates of GIB were compared using inverse probability weighting, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, and Cox regression.In total, 2157 patients receiving apixaban, 494 patients receiving dabigatran, and 3217 patients receiving rivaroxaban were compared. For all patients, rivaroxaban had higher overall rates of GIB (3.2 vs. 2.5 events per 100 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 1.42 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.93]) and major GIB (1.9 vs. 1.4 events per 100 person-years; HR, 1.50 [CI, 1.00 to 2.24]) compared with apixaban. Rivaroxaban also had higher GIB rates than dabigatran, with similar point estimates, although the CIs were wider and included the possibility of a null effect. When only patients with atrial fibrillation were included, rivaroxaban was associated with higher rates of overall GIB than apixaban (HR, 1.40 [CI, 1.01 to 1.94]) or dabigatran (HR, 2.04 [CI, 1.17 to 3.55]). Dabigatran was associated with lower rates of upper GIB than rivaroxaban in both analyses.Unmeasured confounding and small subgroup analyses.Rivaroxaban was associated with higher GIB rates than apixaban and dabigatran regardless of treatment indication.Icelandic Centre for Research and Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland.
FP12.06 Solid Subtype Predicts Early Bone Metastases in Sensitive EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients After Surgery
Authors: A. Xiong, C. Li, J. Xu, X. Yang, W. Nie, H. Zhong, T. Chu, W. Zhang, R. Zhong, F. Pan, Y. Shen, Y. Lou, B. Zhang, B. Han, X. Zhang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
P04.02 Efficacy of Multidisciplinary Team-Based Evaluation of Patients With Suspicious Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: F. Mazza, E. Scarnecchia, D. Turello, A. Gorla, M. Venturino, I. Colantonio, A. Bianchi, L. Gianello, M. Colmo, G. Melloni
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Signatures of plasticity, metastasis, and immunosuppression in an atlas of human small cell lung cancer
Authors: Joseph M. Chan, Álvaro Quintanal-Villalonga, Vianne Ran Gao, Yubin Xie, Viola Allaj, Ojasvi Chaudhary, Ignas Masilionis, Jacklynn Egger, Andrew Chow, Thomas Walle, Marissa Mattar, Dig V.K. Yarlagadda, James L. Wang, Fathema Uddin, Michael Offin, Metamia Ciampricotti, Besnik Qeriqi, Amber Bahr, Elisa de Stanchina, Umesh K. Bhanot, W. Victoria Lai, Matthew J. Bott, David R. Jones, Arvin Ruiz, Marina K. Baine, Yanyun Li, Natasha Rekhtman, John T. Poirier, Tal Nawy, Triparna Sen, Linas Mazutis, Travis J. Hollmann, Dana Pe'er, Charles M. Rudin
Journal: Cancer Cell (2021)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy that includes subtypes defined by differential expression of ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 (SCLC-A, -N, and -P, respectively). To define the heterogeneity of tumors and their associated microenvironments across subtypes, we sequenced 155,098 transcriptomes from 21 human biospecimens, including 54,523 SCLC transcriptomes. We observe greater tumor diversity in SCLC than lung adenocarcinoma, driven by canonical, intermediate, and admixed subtypes. We discover a PLCG2-high SCLC phenotype with stem-like, pro-metastatic features that recurs across subtypes and predicts worse overall survival. SCLC exhibits greater immune sequestration and less immune infiltration than lung adenocarcinoma, and SCLC-N shows less immune infiltrate and greater T cell dysfunction than SCLC-A. We identify a profibrotic, immunosuppressive monocyte/macrophage population in SCLC tumors that is particularly associated with the recurrent, PLCG2-high subpopulation.
P40.06 A Real-World Study: Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: J. Wang, T. Yi, Y. Dong, R. Ran, F. Cao, Y. Li, Z. Luo, Y. Xu, Y. Fu, L. Kuang, G. Chen, G. Qu, Y. Yin, J. Li, X. Xu, Y. Chen, Q. Song, Q. Chu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Targeting Immune Checkpoints and Cytokines to Protect From Psoriasis Relapse
Authors: Kamran Ghoreschi
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Prospective Study of Outcomes in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Arun J. Sanyal, Mark L. Van Natta, Jeanne Clark, Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri, AnnaMae Diehl, Srinivasan Dasarathy, Rohit Loomba, Naga Chalasani, Kris Kowdley, Bilal Hameed, Laura A. Wilson, Katherine P. Yates, Patricia Belt, Mariana Lazo, David E. Kleiner, Cynthia Behling, James Tonascia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

The prognoses with respect to mortality and hepatic and nonhepatic outcomes across the histologic spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not well defined.
Development of ICT01, a first-in-class, anti-BTN3A antibody for activating Vγ9Vδ2 T cell–mediated antitumor immune response
Authors: Aude De Gassart, Kieu-Suong Le, Patrick Brune, Sophie Agaugué, Jennifer Sims, Armelle Goubard, Rémy Castellano, Noémie Joalland, Emmanuel Scotet, Yves Collette, Emmanuel Valentin, Clement Ghigo, Christine Pasero, Magali Colazet, Jaime Guillén, Carla E. Cano, Aurélien Marabelle, Johann De Bonno, René Hoet, Alemseged Truneh, Daniel Olive, Paul Frohna
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

ICT01, a humanized BTN3A mAb, activates Vγ9Vδ2 T cell antitumor immunity and is well tolerated and pharmacodynamically active in patients.
Reduced-Dose vs High-Dose Glucocorticoids Added to Rituximab and Remission Induction in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Kunal Chandwar, Puneet Kumar, Urmila Dhakad
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insufficiency of FZR1 disturbs HSC quiescence by inhibiting ubiquitin-dependent degradation of RUNX1 in aplastic anemia
Authors: Chengfang Zhou, Mei Kuang, Zhilong Liu, Xiaoqin Jia, Zhe Chen, Yuanyuan Liu, Zhigang Li, Weiru Wu, Le Ma, Jieping Chen, Yu Hou
Journal: Leukemia (2021)
P36.03 Rapidly Progressed Anaplastic Carcinoma in the Anterior Mediastinum Successfully Treated With Gene-Targeted Therapy
Authors: E. Chou, S. Shibata, H. Harada, M. Nishina, K. Hirano, K. Miyazaki, Y. Nishimura, K. Kawaguchi, M. Tanaka, H. Tomiyoshi, K. Mandai, T. Hattori
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
White Blood Cell Count and Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease and Ischemic Stroke, and Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in African-American and White Men and Women: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Chong D Lee, Aaron R Folsom, F J Nieto, Lloyd E Chambless, Eyal Shahar, Douglas A Wolfe
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P36 Objective: To investigate the association between white blood cell (WBC) count and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke, and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in African-American and White men and women. Methods: We followed 13,555 African-American and white men and women, ages 45 to 64 years, who had a WBC count assessed at baseline. There were 488 incident CHD events, 220 incident strokes, and 258 deaths from CVD during an average of 8 years of follow-up. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, and ARIC field center, there was a direct association between WBC count and incidence of CHD (P &lt;0.001 for trend) and stroke (P for trend &lt;0.001), and mortality from CVD (P for trend &lt;0.001) in African Americans. This association remained but was attenuated after further adjustment for multiple risk factors. The African Americans in the highest quartile of WBC count (≥7,000 cells/mm 3 ) had 1.9 times the risk of incident CHD (95% CI, 1.19, 3.09, P = 0.008), 1.9 times the risk of incident ischemic stroke (95% CI, 1.03, 3.34, P = 0.04), and 2.3 times the risk of CVD mortality (95% CI, 1.38, 3.72, P = 0.001) than did their counterparts in the lowest quartile of WBC count (&lt;4,800 cells/mm 3 ). These associations were similar in whites and in never-smokers. Conclusions: An elevated WBC count is directly associated with increased incidence of CHD and ischemic stroke, and mortality from CVD in African-American and White men and women.
P09.02 A Clinical Evaluation Algorithm to Define Clinical Utility of Lung Nodule Diagnosis in a Multi-Collaborator Setting Using Real World Data
Authors: S. Deppen, K. Rieger-Christ, Y. Guo, J. Bian, E. Frankenberger, J. Woodard, C. Dorn, S. Robbins, S. Gawel, G. Davis
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
IRS1 phosphorylation underlies the non-stochastic probability of cancer cells to persist during EGFR inhibition therapy
Authors: Adi Jacob Berger, Elinor Gigi, Lana Kupershmidt, Zohar Meir, Nancy Gavert, Yaara Zwang, Amir Prior, Shlomit Gilad, Uzi Harush, Izhak Haviv, Salomon M. Stemmer, Galia Blum, Emmanuelle Merquiol, Mariya Mardamshina, Sivan Kaminski Strauss, Gilgi Friedlander, Jair Bar, Iris Kamer, Yitzhak Reizel, Tamar Geiger, Yitzhak Pilpel, Yishai Levin, Amos Tanay, Baruch Barzel, Hadas Reuveni, Ravid Straussman
Journal: Nature Cancer (2021)
Abstract 17146: Molecular Imaging of Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: James T Thackeray, Yong Wang, Thorsten Derlin, Alexander Wittneben, Jens P Bankstahl, Tobias L Ross, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Kai C Wollert, Frank M Bengel
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is involved in the process of post-infarct inflammation and has emerged as a therapeutic target to support myocardial recovery. We aimed to non-invasively track regional tissue CXCR4 expression after myocardial infarction (MI) using the novel specific radioligand 68Ga-pentixafor (PTX) and positron emission tomography (PET). C57Bl/6 mice underwent coronary artery ligation (n=24) or no surgery (n=7). Serial PET images were acquired using PTX (10MBq) at 3d and 7d post-MI. The infarct territory was localized by a subsequent 18F-deoxyglucose scan. Fusion PET images revealed increased PTX uptake in the infarct region at 3d compared to remote myocardium (% injected dose per gram (%ID/g); 0.9±0.1 vs 0.4±0.1, p&lt;0.01). This increase partially receded by 7d (0.7±0.1, p&lt;0.05 to 3d). Activity in the remote myocardium was lower than in the infarct territory, as confirmed by autoradiography and sequential histopathology. FACS analysis showed infiltration of CD45-positive leukocytes in the left ventricle proportional to PTX uptake (x106, ctl 0.2±0.1; d3 1.6±0.6; d7 0.5±0.2; p=0.04). Modulation of the imaging signal was possible by co-injection of the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 (50μg), which lowered the infarct signal by 21% at 3d post-MI (p&lt;0.05). Similarly, oral administration of enalapril, which is known to lower leukocyte trafficking to the infarct, evoked a significant reduction of infarct/remote PTX uptake by 18% at d3. A parallel modest reduction of CD45-positive cells (-22% at d3, -50% at d7, p=0.02) was observed on FACS analysis. In summary, 68Ga-PTX provides a non-invasive measurement of CXCR4 expression in the damaged region post-MI, and may provide a novel method to evaluate targeted therapy to modulate inflammation and infarct repair.