tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Cover
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oral Daprodustat Treats Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 197: What Limits the Use of AEDs by Bystanders?
Authors: Hiroshi Kaneko, Tetsuo Hatanaka, Aki Nagase, Seishiro Marukawa, Tetsuya Sakamoto
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: In Japan, the number of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) placed in public areas has climbed up to the estimated 530,000. We reported previously that a half of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occurred within 100 m from a public AED in urban areas. However, shocks for defibrillation were given to less than 15% of those patients. The objectives of this study was to identify the limiting factors against the use of AEDs by bystanders. Methods: A prospective survey on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was conducted in the city of Osaka (Dec 2016 through Mar 2017) and the city of Nagoya (Dec 2016 through Nov 2017) searching for patient demographics and AED settings including; absence/presence of a public AED on the scene, attachment of AED pads, delivery of shocks before the time of EMS arrival. Results: Of 558 cases of cardiac arrest registered during the survey period, an AED had already been delivered at the patient side by the time of EMS arrival in 92 case (16.5%). Of those, pads had been attached in 89 cased (96.7%). Shocks had been advised in 35 cases (39.3%) and to all but one of those cases at least 1 shock had been given by the bystanders. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups of cases with and without AEDs at the patient side regarding the patient age (65 years [IQR: 48-74] vs 63 years [IQR49-75], p=0.84), gender (p=0.68) and the time from call to EMS arrival (7 min [IQR: 6-9] vs 7 min [IQR: 6-9], p=0.74). Cases occurring indoors had more chances of AEDs being delivered on the patient side than cases occurring outdoors (24.0% vs 7.8%, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Our study indicates that once an AED is delivered at the patient side, pads are successfully attached and shocks are given if indicated in almost all cases. This suggests that finding and delivering an AED onto the patient side are the limiting factors against the use of AEDs by bystanders. In order to popularize the use of AEDs by bystanders, informing people with AED placement and clear direction to the AED location seem to be the key steps.
Liquid biopsy: Exosomal microRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer
Authors: K. Auxzilia Preethi, Sushmaa Chandralekha Selvakumar, Kehinde Ross, Selvaraj Jayaraman, Deusdedit Tusubira, Durairaj Sekar
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract Background Detecting cancer at an early stage before clinical manifestation could be an effective strategy to decrease cancer mortality. Thus, identifying liquid biopsy biomarkers with high efficacy could be a promising approach for non-invasive diagnosis of cancer. Main text Liquid biopsies are increasingly used as a supplement to biopsy, as it enables disease progression to be detected months before clinical and radiographic confirmation. Many bodily fluids contain exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) which could provide a new class of biomarkers for early and minimally invasive cancer diagnosis due to the stability of miRNAs in exosomes. In this review, we mainly focused on the exosomal miRNAs (liquid biopsy) as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers. Conclusion Exosomal miRNAs can be used as diagnostic and prognosis biomarkers that provide unique insights and a more dynamic perspective of the progression and therapeutic responses in various malignancies. Therefore, the development of novel and more sensitive technologies that exploit exosomal miRNAs should be a priority for cancer management.
Collagen-targeted tumor-specific transepithelial penetration enhancer mediated intravesical chemoimmunotherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Guangzhi Li, Tao Tao, Dashi Deng, Shaohua Zhang, Yu Chao, Yizhi Dai, Yuqing Li, Ran Tao, Simin Yuan, Zhuang Liu, Song Wu
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
ADHERENT PERICARDIUM.
Authors: ROBERT H. BABCOCK
Journal: JAMA (1901)

It is so manifestly impossible in the few minutes allotted to me to consider this subject in its entirety, and so many of the points bearing on this subject have already been considered by preceding speakers, that it seems best to restrict my remarks to the clinical aspects of this disease. We meet with adherent pericardium in two forms: 1. as a result of pericarditis interna which has led to a more or less complete and firm union of the two layers of the sac, without adhesion to the surrounding structures; 2, as a result of pericarditis interna et externa which has caused adhesion not only between the pericardium and epicardium, but also between the sac and the contiguous structures, as the chest wall, diaphragm and lungs. In this second form there is often such an extensive development of fibrous tissue within the mediastinum, with consequent union of all the
SARS-CoV-2 Delta and delta derivatives impact on neutralization of Covishield recipient sera
Authors: Rima R. Sahay, Deepak Y. Patil, Gajanan N. Sapkal, Gururaj R. Deshpande, Anita M. Shete, Dimpal A. Nyayanit, Sanjay Kumar, Pragya D. Yadav
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Abstract 17283: De-Escalation of Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Babikir Kheiri, Mohammed Osman, Ahmed Abdalla, Sahar Ahmed, Khansa Osman, Ghassan Bachuwa, Mustafa Hassan, Deepak L Bhatt
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Potent P2Y 12 -receptor inhibitors are recommended in the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). As the risk of thrombotic complications from an ACS event is highest in the early “ischemic phase,” the greatest benefit of potent P2Y 12 blockade occurs early. However, the risk of bleeding from such therapy tends to occur with chronic treatment during the “maintenance phase.” Therefore, a stage-adapted strategy with the early use of potent P2Y 12 blockade in acute treatment, followed by de-escalation to clopidogrel during the maintenance phase is common. Nevertheless, clinical outcomes supporting this strategy are lacking. Hypothesis: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antiplatelet de-escalation compared with continuation in patients with ACS treated with PCI. Methods: Electronic databases search were conducted for all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the safety and efficacy of antiplatelet de-escalation compared with continuation in patients with ACS treated with PCI. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled summary estimates. Results: We included 3 RCTs with 3,391 total patients (median follow-up 12 months). The net clinical outcome (composite of thrombotic or bleeding events) was significantly reduced in the switched group compared with the continued group (8.7% vs 12.1%; risk ratio (RR): 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43-0.97; P=0.03). However, there were no significant differences between groups in major adverse cardiovascular events (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.55-1.11; P=0.17), all BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) types bleeding (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.33-1.11; P=0.10), or BARC types ≥2 bleeding (RR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.19-1.26; P=0.14). Conclusions: Our results suggest a net clinical benefit of de-escalation therapy shortly after PCI in ACS patients, without increased risk of MACE or bleeding, though further adequately powered trials are needed to confirm this finding.
DNA damaging therapies in patients (pts) with prostate cancer (PC) and pathogenic alterations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes.
Authors: Laura Graham, Edward Green, Joseph J. Park, Olesia Kellezi, Clara Hwang, Pedro C. Barata, Mehmet Asim Bilen, Deepak Kilari, Melissa Clingerman, Abhishek Tripathi, Matthew Labriola, Shoshana Rothstein, Rohan Garje, Vadim S Koshkin, Vaibhav G. Patel, Tanya B. Dorff, Andrew J. Armstrong, Rana R. McKay, Ajjai Shivaram Alva, Michael Thomas Schweizer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

129 Background: Pathogenic HRR gene mutations may confer sensitivity to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) and/or platinum chemotherapy (chemo). While pts harboring mutations in BRCA1/2 appear to benefit from these DNA damaging therapeutics, outcomes data for those with non- BRCA1/2 mutations are less robust. We evaluated outcomes in men with HRR gene-mutated PC who received treatment with PARPi and/or platinum-based chemo stratified by type of HRR alteration. Methods: Retrospective data from the PROMISE Consortium was utilized (PMID: 34363009). PC pts with pathogenic HRR mutations who received PARPi and/or platinum-based chemo were included. Differences in PSA progression-free survival (PFS), clinical/radiographic PFS (rPFS), and overall survival (OS) between those with BRCA1/ 2 mutations (Cohort A) and those with mutations in HRR genes that do not directly interact with the BRCA complex (Cohort B: ATM, CDK12, CHEK1, CHEK2, FANCL) were evaluated. We also evaluated outcomes in pts with HRR gene mutations known to interact with the BRCA complex aside from BRCA1/2 (Cohort C: RAD51B/C/D, RAD54L2, BARD1, GEN1, PALB2, FANCA, BRIP1). Results: Of 361 pts identified with HRR gene alterations, 89 received PARPi and 70 received platinum-based chemo. Prior therapy and metastatic disease sites were similar between cohorts. PSA PFS, rPFS, and OS were significantly improved in Cohort A vs. Cohort B with PARPi but not platinum-based chemo (Table). Sample size in cohort C was too small to allow for statistical comparison, although PSA PFS, PFS and OS were reasonably long. Conclusions: PC pts with BRCA1/2 mutations had improved outcomes to PARPi compared to those with mutations in HRR genes not directly interacting with the BRCA complex. Platinum-based chemo appeared effective regardless of which HRR gene was affected. [Table: see text]
ACC/AHA Clinical Performance Measures for Adults With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Robert O. Bonow, Susan Bennett, Donald E. Casey, Theodore G. Ganiats, Mark A. Hlatky, Marvin A. Konstam, Costas T. Lambrew, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Ileana L. Piña, Martha J. Radford, Andrew L. Smith, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Robert O. Bonow, Susan J. Bennett, Gregory Burke, Kim A. Eagle, Harlan M. Krumholz, Costas T. Lambrew, Jane Linderbaum, Frederick A. Masoudi, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, James L. Ritchie, John S. Rumsfeld, John A. Spertus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Abstract 280: Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygenation During CPR in Swine
Authors: Jeffrey R Gould, Michael C Lick, Christopher L Kaufman, Joshua W Lampe, Annemarie E Silver, Paul S Berger, Anja Metzger
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used during cardiac arrest (CA) to non-invasively measure cerebral oxygenation. Studies have suggested that survival and neurological outcomes can be predicted using cerebral oxygenation, however, the physiology underlying cerebral oxygenation during CA is poorly understood. This exploratory study examined the behavior of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation in response to standard CPR (SCPR) and CPR with Active decompression and lift (ACD) and an impedance threshold device (ITD). Methods: Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced in eight domestic swine. Following six minutes of untreated VF, SCPR (100 cpm at 20% anterior-posterior distance) was performed for six minutes. ACD+ITD was performed for an additional six minutes at the same rate and depth as SCPR, but with an additional 20% anterior-posterior distance of active lift. Cerebral blood flow was measured via microspheres and cerebral oxygenation was measured using NIRS. Animals were classified as responders if cerebral oxygenation increased within two minutes of initiating SCPR. Cerebral oxygenation did not change or declined during SCPR in non-responders. Results: Six out of eight animals were classified as responders. Cerebral blood flow and oxygenation increased with ACD+ITD compared to SCPR in responders but failed to increase for non-responders. Cerebral blood flow and oxygenation were lower during baseline (BL) in non-responders (Figure). Conclusions: ACD+ITD appears to improve cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. Changes in cerebral oxygenation during CA appear to be associated with measured changes in cerebral blood flow. NIRS may be clinically useful in estimating oxygenation and blood flow during low blood flow states and monitoring physiological responses to different interventions. Failure of improvement in NIRS during CPR may predict poor outcomes and/or the need for additional interventions guided by NIRS.
Metabolomic and microbiome profiling reveals personalized risk factors for coronary artery disease
Authors: Yeela Talmor-Barkan, Noam Bar, Aviv A. Shaul, Nir Shahaf, Anastasia Godneva, Yuval Bussi, Maya Lotan-Pompan, Adina Weinberger, Alon Shechter, Chava Chezar-Azerrad, Ziad Arow, Yoav Hammer, Kanta Chechi, Sofia K. Forslund, Sebastien Fromentin, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, S. Dusko Ehrlich, Oluf Pedersen, Ran Kornowski, Eran Segal
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Hypoadrenalism.
Authors: M Hartog
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The adrenal glands are made up of a cortex and a medulla.As no definite clinical condition has yet been ascribed to hypo- function of the medulla, this article will be confined to a dis- cussion of adrenocortical deficiency.Three main groups of hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex.Firstly, the glucocorticoids.The secretion of these corticosteroids is controlled by the adrenocorticotrophic hor- mone (ACTH) of the anterior pituitary gland.The most important glucocorticoid in man is cortisol (hydrocortisone), which also has some mineralocorticoid activity, and is normally secreted in amounts of about 20 mg daily.Glucocorticoids have many actions, such as stimulation of protein breakdown, antagonism to the action of insulin, and inhibition of the tissue
On Anaesthetics
Authors: T. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1872)

In deducing the effects of alcohol from this comparison, it is neces- sary to allow for the somewhat lessened exposure to weather, and also to accidental violence, involved in the alcoholic pursuits-exemptions which, so far as they go, would diminish the liability to tubal nephritis and to lardaceous change.This may help to explain the comparative rarity of these disorders with the alcoholic class.The increase in fibroid and chronic tubal changes must be referred to the liquor alone; but this increase is not great.Taking all the facts together, I do not see how it can be doubted that the effects of alcohol in causing renal disease is less than used to be asserted: that to paraphrase Dr. Roberts, if he will allow me to do so, this agent does not rank higher, but lower, than other circumstances- to wit, external temperature and the absorption of lead-as a determin- ing cause of Bright's disease.Although we can now and then trace the existence or aggravation of renal symptoms to intemperance, we do so with far less frequency than with disorders which have other sites.Pathological and clinical evidence combine to show that the evil influ- ence tells more upon the nervous system, the liver, the blood-vessels, and probably in the production of tuberculosis, than upon the kidneys.The facts adduced are consistent with those formerly advanced, and with the quoted conclusions which have been the object of attack.
Effects of Propranolol on Regional Myocardial Function, Electrograms, and Blood Flow in Conscious Dogs with Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Stephen F. Vatner, Hank Baig, W. Thomas Manders, Hermann Ochs, Massimo Pagani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The effects of coronary occlusion and of subsequent propranolol administration were examined in 18 conscious dogs. Overall left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by measurements of LV pressure and dP/dt, and regional myocardial function was assessed by measurements of segment length (SL), velocity of SL shortening and regional myocardial "work", i.e., pressure-length loops in normal, moderately, and severely ischemic zones. Regional intra-myocardial electrograms were measured from the same sites along with regional myocardial blood flow as determined by the radioactive microsphere technique. Coronary occlusion resulted in graded loss of function from the normal to severely ischemic zones with graded flow reduction and graded elevation of the ST segment. Propranolol depressed overall LV function, function in the normal zone (work fell by 17±4%), and in the majority of moderately ischemic segments (work fell by 7±3%). In severely ischemic segments the extent of paradoxical motion and post-systolic shortening was reduced by propranolol. After propranolol regional myocardial blood flow fell in the normal zone (11±2%) and rose in the moderately (15±4%) and severely (63±10%) ischemic zones. Thus, in the conscious dog with regional myocardial ischemia, propranolol induces a redistribution of myocardial blood flow, with flow falling in normal zones and rising in moderately and severely ischemic zones. The improvement in perfusion of ischemic tissue was associated with slight but significant depression of shortening, velocity, and work in the moderately ischemic zones and of paradoxical bulging and post-systolic shortening in the severely ischemic zone.
Abstract 17159: Comparing Functional Status in Home-Based to Facility-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Participants
Authors: David W Schopfer, Mary A Whooley, Kelly Allsup, Claire S Duvernoy, Daniel E Forman
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) remains underutilized in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Home-based CR (CR) has been promulgated as a model of delivery that may improve participation, but its impact on functional status is unclear. Hypothesis: We sought to compare change in 6-minute-walk-distance (6MWD) among patients enrolled in home-based vs. facility-based CR after myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: We evaluated change in 6MWD among 231 Veterans with IHD via home-based vs. facility-based CR after an IHD event. Between 9/2015 and 9/2017, all eligible patients enrolling in home-based (San Francisco VA) or facility-based CR (VA Ann Arbor and VA Pittsburgh) were invited to participate. 6MWD was assessed at baseline, 3-, and 6-months. Results: Median baseline 6MWD were similar in 116 patients who completed home-based vs. facility-based CR (1155 vs. 1160 ft, p=0.52). Median time from referral to enrollment was shorter for home-based vs. facility-based CR (14 vs. 42 days, p&lt;0.001). At 3 months, patients participating in home-based CR demonstrated greater increase in 6MWD (324 vs. 128 feet; p&lt;0.001). After adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and clinical indication, the mean 3-month change in 6MWD remained significantly greater (330 feet vs. 127 feet; p&lt;0.001). However, the difference was no longer statistically significant at 6 months of follow-up (295 vs. 191 feet; p=0.10). Conclusions: Participants in home-based CR experienced faster time to enrollment and greater 3-month increases in 6MWD than those in facility-based CR, but differences were no longer significant at 6 months. The early superiority of HBCR may relate to shorter delay from referral to participation. Both groups demonstrated similar safety and efficacy. These findings suggest that among selected patients who cannot attend facility-based CR, home-based CR may provide a reasonable alternative.
Vigabatrin.
Authors: E H Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Britain the equipment costs over £50 000, whereas urological resectoscopes cost less than a 10th of that figure and all urological departments are equipped with them.Only in hospitals where the Nd-YAG laser is employed in vascular and oesophageal surgery may it seem sensible for colorectal surgeons to perform palliative procedures with it.With the increased availability of computed tomography in district general hospitals and the advent of prospective Medical Research Council trials in the management of colorectal cancer, tomography is becoming accepted as a routine preoperative investigation in patients with cancer once the diagnosis has been established historically.Often patients with a short history who seem to be in good general health will be found on scanning to have extensive liver metastases or advanced spread to the local lymph.Such patients may commonly become symptom free after local removal of the tumour by transanal diathermy loop excision performed under fluid distension of the rectum or by Nd- YAG laser ablation through an endoscope.Surgeons who have to care for patients with colorectal cancer should select those patients for whom radical excision will not be curative and treat them with procedures that are cost effective and have a low morbidity.This approach will spare the humiliation and misery of spending the last few months of their lives adjusting to a colostomy or recovering incompletely from major operations.One of the reasons why the idea of a colostomy strikes fear into the hearts of patients is that there have been too many anecdotal accounts of patients who have had a colostomy for rectal cancer, have never recovered completely, and have gone relentlessly downhill.Our aim should make these stories a thing of the past.