tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13184: A New Intraprocedural Automated System for Localizing Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmia Origin Sites
Authors: Shijie Zhou, Amir AbdelWahab, John L Sapp, Eric Sung, Konstantinos Aronis, James Warren, Paul MacInnis, Rushil Shah, Bohumil Milan Horacek, Ronald D Berger, Harikrishna S Tandri, Natalia Trayanova, Jonathan Chrispin
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Few intraprocedural localization systems have been developed to predict idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia (IVA) source sites. However, an accurate and bi-ventricular patient-specific automated site of origin localization system remains elusive. To address this issue, we have developed a new automatic arrhythmia origin localization (AAOL) system that determines the sites of earliest activation in both ventricles and provides superior accuracy. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the AAOL system can use electroanatomic mapping (EAM) geometry and accurately localize IVA source sites on patient-specific geometry of LV, RV and neighboring vessels using 3-lead ECGs. Methods: Twenty patients undergoing IVA catheter ablation had a 12-lead ECG recorded during clinical arrhythmia and during pacing at various locations identified on EAM geometries. The AAOL system combined 3-lead (III, V2, V6) 120-ms QRS integrals and patient-specific EAM geometry with intracardiac pacing to predict the site of earliest ventricular activation. The predicted site was projected onto the EAM geometry using the EAM triangular-mesh site nearest to the tip of the predicted site. Results: Twenty-three IVA source sites were clinically identified by activation mapping and/or pace mapping (8 RV, 15 LV, including 8 from the posteromedial papillary muscle; 2 from the aortic root; and 1 from the distal coronary sinus). The new system achieved a mean localization accuracy of 3.6 mm for the 23 mapped IVAs (Figure 1D), better than that achieved by previous systems. Conclusions: The new AAOL system offers highly accurate localization of IVA source sites in both ventricles and neighboring vessels, which could facilitate ablation procedures for patients with IVAs.
Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance predicts mortality in COPD patients
Authors: Katarina Zeder, Alexander Avian, Gerhard Bachmaier, Philipp Douschan, Vasile Foris, Teresa Sassmann, Natascha Troester, Luka Brcic, Michael Fuchsjaeger, Leigh Matthew Marsh, Bradley A. Maron, Horst Olschewski, Gabor Kovacs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>PVR &gt;5 WU proved to be the strongest independent haemodynamic predictor of mortality in COPD patients. This threshold may best identify COPD patients with severe pulmonary vascular disease.</b>https://bit.ly/3v4QE96
Acute scrotum in a 8‐year‐old Italian child caused by extraintestinal anisakiasis in a seaside area
Authors: Antonella Centonze, Stellario Capillo, Aurelio Mazzei, Domenico Salerno, Domenico Sinopoli, Ilaria Prosperi Porta, Emanuele Baldassarre
Journal: Allergy (2021)
C-Reactive Protein Monitoring Can Predict Neutropenic Fever during Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Mutliple Myeloma
Authors: Vidya Kollu, Sarah L Mott, Lindsay Dozeman, Fnu Rafiullah, Umar Farooq, Yogesh Jethava, Guido J. Tricot
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 15633: Clinical Features and Prognosis of Acute Cardiac Injury in Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mingxing XIE, Li Zhang, Yuji Xie, yanting zhang, Wei Sun, CHUN WU, Bin Wang, Danqing Zhang, Hongliang Yuan, Yongxing Zhang, He Li, Lin He, Li Cui, Shuangshuang Zhu, Meng Li, Yiwei Zhang, Yu Zhang, Lufang Wang, Yu Cai, Rui Wang, Yun Yang, Yuman Li, Jing Wang, Yali Yang, Qing Lv
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: The number of fatalities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating. However, information on critical complications in hospitalized patients of COVID-19 is scant. We aimed to explore the prevalence of acute cardiac injury and its association with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Method: This retrospective study analyzed patients confirmed with COVID-19 in Union Hospital (Wuhan, China) from Jan 24 to March 18, 2020. Clinical outcomes (discharge, or death) were monitored to April 9, 2020, the latest date of follow-up. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic data as well as treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Comparisons were made between patients with acute cardiac injury and those without. An association of acute cardiac injury and in-hospital mortality was identified. Results: A total of 235 COVID-19 patients were included in the final analysis. Their median age was 66 years (interquartile range 57 - 73 years), and 131 (55.7%) were men. 98 (41.7%) patients were diagnosed with acute cardiac injury, of whom 60 (61.2%) died. There were more comorbidities in those who had acute cardiac injury than those who did not have. A higher proportion of patients with acute cardiac injury received glucocorticoid therapy (68.0% vs 37.0%; P &lt; 0.001), immunoglobulin (53.1% vs 30.1%; P &lt; 0.001), high-flow oxygen (79.6% vs 43.1%; P &lt; 0.001), and invasive mechanical ventilation (40.8% vs 6.6%; P &lt; 0.001) than those without acute cardiac injury. The percentage of patients who were admitted to intensive care unit (39.8 % vs 8.0%; P &lt; 0.001) or died during hospitalization (61.2% vs 8.0%, P &lt; 0.001) were also higher in those with acute cardiac injury. Plasma high-sensitivity troponin I levels correlated significantly with plasma interleukin -6, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels in COVID-19 patients. Echocardiography showed the cardiac function was attenuated in acute cardiac injury patients. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed acute cardiac injury was an independent risk factor for higher in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients (HR, 3.393; 95% CI, 1.647- 6.987, P &lt;0.001).
Abstract 16200: Chronic Central Nervous System Actions of Leptin Protect Against Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury
Authors: Ana Carolina Mieko Omoto, Jussara M do Carmo, Elizabeth R Flynn, Sydney P Moak, Xuan Li, Alan J Mouton, Zhen Wang, John E Hall, Alexandre A da Silva
Journal: Circulation (2020)

While myocardial reperfusion is the most effective therapy to reduce mortality after myocardial infarction, it can paradoxically exacerbate ischemic injury. We recently showed that leptin, via its actions on the central nervous system (CNS), improved left ventricular function in a model of heart failure induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior coronary artery (LAD). To investigate whether leptin also protects the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury via its actions in the CNS, we instrumented female Wistar rats (15 weeks of age) with an intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula into the lateral ventricle, and after 7 days of recovery and baseline assessment of cardiac function by echocardiography (VisualSonics VEVO-3100®), myocardial I/R was induced by temporary LAD ligation (60 min). Vehicle (saline, 0.5 μL/hr, n=6) or leptin (15 μg/day, n=7) were infused ICV for 28 consecutive days starting 20 min after reperfusion using osmotic minipump connected to the ICV cannula. Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function was performed every week and at the end of the 4 th week of treatment, the heart was collected and processed for protein analysis and histological evaluation of infarct size and collagen deposition. Compared to vehicle treatment, chronic ICV leptin infusion significantly reduced infarcted area (21±2 vs. 37±4 %), septal collagen deposition (2.2±0.2 vs. 4.0±0.7 %), and markedly attenuated systolic dysfunction as evidenced by increased ejection fraction 4 weeks post I/R (59±1 vs. 30±2%), stroke volume (296±19 vs. 159±8 μL) and cardiac output (108±5 vs.63±4 μL/min). ICV leptin infusion also prevented the increase in left atrium to aorta diameter ratio (1.5±0.1 vs. 2±0.1 mm), an index of cardiac congestion. In addition, we found a 2-fold increase in the ratio of phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC) to total ACC protein expression, a marker of fatty acid oxidation, in hearts of leptin-treated rats compared with vehicle infusion. These results indicate that leptin exerts powerful beneficial CNS-mediated effects on the heart that improve systolic function and protect the myocardium against I/R injury. Our results also suggest that these beneficial actions may involve improved myocardial bioenergetics.
Abstract 14768: Echocardiographic Strain Outcomes of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Chemotherapy Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Fatima M Ezzeddine, Antoine N Saliba, Vaibhav Jain, Hector R Villarraga, Joerg Herrmann, Samuel Asirvatham, Yong-mei Cha
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Several chemotherapy agents, especially anthracyclines, are associated with the development of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. When chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy (CHIC) is associated with left bundle branch block (QRS &gt;150 ms) and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35% or lower, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is often utilized to improve cardiac function and relieve symptoms. Hypothesis: CRT is associated with improvement in left ventricular strain in patients with CHIC. Methods: The study included 22 patients with CHIC and 44 age- and gender-matched controls with other types of NIC who underwent CRT implantation between 2004 and 2017. LVEF, left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), systolic strain rate (SRS), and early diastolic strain rate (SRE) were assessed at baseline and 6-18 months after CRT. CRT response was defined as LVEF improvement by &gt;5% after CRT. Results: CRT responders had a significant improvement in left ventricular GLS as compared to CRT non-responders in the control group, but not in the CHIC group (Table 1). The mean change in LVEF after CRT was similar between the CHIC and control groups (10 ± 10% versus 11 ± 11%, p= 0.67). The mean change in GLS after CRT was also similar between the two groups (-2.15 ± 4.32 versus -3.57 ± 4.02, p= 0.19). The proportion of patients whose LVEF increased by more than 5% was similar between the two groups (59% in the CHIC group versus 68% in the control group, p= 0.46). The mean changes in LV myocardial systolic and early diastolic strain rates were similar between the CHIC and control groups. Mean SRS decreased by 0.13 ± 0.14 in the CHIC group and by 0.34 ± 1.28 in the control group (p=0.45). Mean SRE increased by 0.06 ± 0.18 in the CHIC group and by 0.07 ± 0.22 in the control group (p=0.86). Conclusions: CRT is associated with improvement in left ventricular strain in patients with CHIC. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the echocardiographic strain outcomes of CRT in CHIC.
Vitamin E oxidation products, but not vitamin E itself, decrease androgen receptor protein and transcript levels in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Todd Thompson, Debra MacKenzie
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

5479  Vitamin E (VE) is being considered as a preventive modality against prostate cancer. Interestingly, a reduced prostate cancer incidence among men taking supplemental VE is primarily associated with smoking. This observation might be explained by the activity of the major oxidation product of VE, alpha-tocopherylquinone (ATQ), which is likely produced at elevated levels in a state of chronic oxidative stress as present in smokers. In this study, we have directly compared the effects of VE and ATQ on the growth, viability, and androgenic actions of both androgen-responsive and androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells. Because of the difficulty of using ATQ and VE in culture studies due to their lipophilicity, methods were developed and validated for treating prostate cancer cells with these agents. ATQ reduced prostate cancer cell growth in the androgen-sensitive LNCaP and LAPC4 cell lines at or above concentrations of 10 μM, whereas prostate cancer cells treated with VE up to 50 μM showed no change in growth or viability. The androgen-independent Du145 and PC3 cells were less responsive to the growth inhibitory actions of ATQ. The selective effects observed by ATQ exposure on androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells may be due to the anti-androgenic actions of ATQ. In LNCaP, LAPC4, and 22Rv1 cells, 25 μM ATQ significantly reduced the androgen-induced expression of an androgen-sensitive reporter system. Also, androgen-induced PSA release was significantly reduced from LNCaP cells treated with 10 μM ATQ. The expression of AR protein was significantly reduced in LAPC4 and LNCaP cells treated with 25 μM ATQ, which may result, at least in part, from a 2-fold reduction in AR mRNA levels was also observed. In contrast to treatment with ATQ, VE at concentrations up to 50 μM did not affect androgenic responses in LNCAP, LAPC4, or 22Rv1 cells or decrease androgen receptor expression at the protein or transcriptional level. In summary, ATQ, but not VE, was found to decrease growth, viability, and androgenic activity of androgen-responsive human prostate cancer cells that may, in part, account for the prostate cancer preventive properties of concurrent smoking and supplemental VE. We hypothesize that an increased endogenous production of ATQ, the oxidation product of VE, is responsible for the observed beneficial effects against prostate cancer development in men who smoke and take vitamin E. ATQ may act to reduce prostate cancer cell growth through down-regulation of androgenic activity through the down-regulation of androgen receptor transcription.
Abstract 13325: Shortness of Breath, Chest Pain, and Level of Consciousness Predict Multiple EMS Transports Across 8 Years Among Community Dwelling Adults With Self-Reported Heart Failure
Authors: Susan J Pressler, Miyeon Jung, Christopher S Lee, Thomas P Arkins, Daniel O’Donnell, Giorgos Bakoyannis, Robin Newhouse, Irmina Gradus-Pizlo, Peter Pang
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) among persons in the community necessitates frequent prehospital transport by emergency medical services (EMS). Objectives: To characterize prehospital clinical sta...
Effects of alcohol consumption on insulin sensitivity and breast cancer development.
Authors: Jina Hong
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

4344  Objective: In women, alcohol consumption increases breast cancer risk and decreases type-2 diabetes risk. How alcohol mediates these differential effects is not known. Our hypothesis is that alcohol consumption increases breast cancer development and decreases type-2 diabetes risk by a similar mechanism. Therefore, the objective of the present studies is to determine if alcohol consumption affects insulin sensitivity and mammary tumor development by a similar mechanism (or mechanisms).  Methods: To determine glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity, we performed insulin tolerance tests (ITT) and glucose tolerance tests (GTT) in mice which had free access to water or 20%w/v ethanol in the drinking water. To determine the effects of alcohol consumption on mammary tumor development, mice were injected subcutaneously with mammary tumor cells. Furthermore, to elucidate whether alcohol has a direct effect on the metastatic ability of breast cancer cells, we determined the effects of alcohol on the invasiveness of T47D human breast cancer cells via in vitro studies.  Results: Results show that alcohol consumption improves insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese mice. Moreover, results show that alcohol consumption improves insulin sensitivity in mice without affecting body weight or body fat levels. With respect to mammary cancer, results from in vitro studies show that alcohol consumption increases the metastatic phenotype of breast cancer cells. In animal studies, we show that alcohol consumption promotes mammary tumor development.  Conclusions: In summary, we show that alcohol consumption improves insulin sensitivity, promotes tumor development, and increases the metastatic phenotype of breast cancer cells. Thus, we present a suitable animal model where we can determine if alcohol consumption affects insulin sensitivity and mammary tumor development by a similar mechanism (or mechanisms). Using the animal model presented here can lead to a better understanding of how alcohol increases breast cancer risk, and thus can accelerate the development of new breast cancer prevention and treatment strategies.
Systemic Air Embolism and Mediastinal Emphysema after Pneumonia
Authors: Sho Takuma, Hideki Kusagaya, Shogo Nakamura, Rie Mori, Yoshiyuki Oyama, Masaki Ikeda, Takafumi Suda
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

"Systemic Air Embolism and Mediastinal Emphysema after Pneumonia." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 204(1), pp. 95–96
Abstract 16487: Variation in Provider Practice Patterns Across Clinical Settings for Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Endovascular Femoropopliteal Artery Revascularization
Authors: Aishwarya Raja, Eunhee Choi, Changyu Shen, tianyi zhao, Rishi Wadhera, Robert W Yeh, Eric A Secemsky
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: After CMS established bundled payments for outpatient peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) in 2008, a large proportion of PVIs shifted to outpatient settings, including ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and office-based laboratories (OBLs). Little is known about these free-standing procedural centers, such as their proximity to tertiary care hospitals and the characteristics of patients being treated. Methods: Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries ≥66 years undergoing femoropopliteal artery PVI from 4/1/15-12/31/17 in outpatient settings were identified in the CMS Carrier file linked to institutional outpatient files. The exposure was treatment at an ASC/OBL versus an outpatient hospital. An area deprivation index of ≤15th percentile identified those who reside in regions of lower socioeconomic status (SES). The primary business address of each ASC/OBL was identified using the National Provider Identifier. The address of the closest tertiary care hospital was identified in the Medicare Hospital database and distances were calculated using a Google Maps API platform. Results: Of 1,155 providers who performed ≥1 PVI in an ASC/OBL, the average distance to the nearest hospital was 1.5±2.2 miles. There was a weak correlation between the proportion of procedures performed at ASCs/OBLs and the distance to the nearest hospital (Figure). Among 686 providers who performed procedures in both ASCs/OBLs and outpatient hospitals, patients treated in ASCs/OBLs had a higher burden of comorbidities and were more often Black, dually-enrolled in Medicare/Medicaid, and residing in lower SES regions. Conclusions: ASCs/OBLs are geographically close to tertiary care centers, with little correlation between the proportion of procedures performed and the distance to the nearest hospital. The heterogeneity of patient characteristics across outpatient settings underscores the need for better measures of quality and appropriateness of PVI procedures.
Abstract 15128: Clinical Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients With Concurrent Cocaine Use
Authors: Jonah D Garry, Anjali Thakkar, Yifei Ma, Rebecca Scherzer, Priscilla Hsue
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: While cocaine use is associated with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction, the impact of cocaine use on HF outcomes including 30-day hospital readmission and survival has not been well described. Accordingly, this study evaluated the impact of cocaine use on 30-day hospital readmissions (heart failure and all cause) and mortality. Methods: We performed a case control study of HF patients with an index HF hospitalization at an academic safety net hospital in San Francisco between 2001-2019. 746 HF patients with history of cocaine use were matched to 746 HF patients without cocaine use, based on age, gender, and date of index hospitalization. We compared clinical characteristics, readmission rates, and mortality between these two groups. Results: Average age was 53 years and 79% were male. HF patients with cocaine use were more likely to be African American (69.6% vs. 29.8%, p&lt;0.01), have hypertension, liver disease and concurrent use of methamphetamines and opioids. Rates of coronary artery disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, HIV, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were similar between the groups. There was no significant difference in prescription of guideline directed medical therapies at discharge. Within 30 days of index HF hospitalization, HF patients with cocaine use were more likely to attend follow up (91.8% vs 86.9%, p&lt;0.01), but were more likely to be readmitted for HF (12.1% vs 7.4%, OR 1.75, p&lt;0.01) or other causes (22.4% vs 14.7%, OR 1.67, p&lt;0.01). Over the study period, cocaine use was associated with greater likelihood of death (27.9% vs 20.1%, p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: HF patients with comorbid cocaine use were found to have higher likelihood of readmission or death following index HF hospitalization compared to HF patients without cocaine use. As cocaine use continues to grow it is critical to understand the mechanisms underlying cocaine induced cardiovascular pathophysiology, and to identify factors affecting readmission and mortality in this high risk group.
A portable magnetofluidic platform for detecting sexually transmitted infections and antimicrobial susceptibility
Authors: Alexander Y. Trick, Johan H. Melendez, Fan-En Chen, Liben Chen, Annet Onzia, Aidah Zawedde, Edith Nakku-Joloba, Peter Kyambadde, Emmanuel Mande, Joshua Matovu, Maxine Atuheirwe, Richard Kwizera, Elizabeth A. Gilliams, Yu-Hsiang Hsieh, Charlotte A. Gaydos, Yukari C. Manabe, Matthew M. Hamill, Tza-Huei Wang
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Effective treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is limited by diagnostics that cannot deliver results rapidly while the patient is still in the clinic. The gold standard methods for identification of STIs are nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which are too expensive for widespread use and have lengthy turnaround times. To address the need for fast and affordable diagnostics, we have developed a portable, rapid, on-cartridge magnetofluidic purification and testing (PROMPT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. We show that it can detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the pathogen causing gonorrhea, with simultaneous genotyping of the pathogen for resistance to the antimicrobial drug ciprofloxacin in <15 min. The duplex test was integrated into a low-cost thermoplastic cartridge with automated processing of penile swab samples from patients using magnetic beads. A compact instrument conducted DNA extraction, PCR, and analysis of results while relaying data to the user via a smartphone app. This platform was tested on penile swab samples from sexual health clinics in Baltimore, MD, USA (n = 66) and Kampala, Uganda (n = 151) with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 97.7% (95% CI, 94.7 to 100%) and 97.6% (95% CI, 94.1 to 100%), respectively, for N. gonorrhoeae detection and 100% concordance with culture results for ciprofloxacin resistance. This study paves the way for delivering accessible PCR diagnostics for rapidly detecting STIs at the point of care, helping to guide treatment decisions and combat the rise of antimicrobial resistant pathogens.