tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Goal-Setting Approaches Within a Gamification Intervention to Increase Physical Activity Among Economically Disadvantaged Adults at Elevated Risk for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Mitesh S. Patel, Chethan Bachireddy, Dylan S. Small, Joseph D. Harrison, Tory O. Harrington, Ai Leen Oon, Charles A. L. Rareshide, Christopher K. Snider, Kevin G. Volpp
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Health promotion efforts commonly communicate goals for healthy behavior, but the best way to design goal setting among high-risk patients has not been well examined.To test the effectiveness of different ways to set and implement goals within a behaviorally designed gamification intervention to increase physical activity.Evaluation of the Novel Use of Gamification With Alternative Goal-setting Experiences was conducted from January 15, 2019, to June 1, 2020. The 24-week randomized clinical trial included a remotely monitored 8-week introductory intervention period, 8-week maintenance intervention period, and 8-week follow-up period. A total of 500 adults from lower-income neighborhoods in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who had either an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) condition or a 10-year ASCVD risk score greater than or equal to 7.5% were enrolled. Participants were paid for enrolling in and completing the trial.All participants used a wearable device to track daily steps, established a baseline level, and were then randomly assigned to an attention control or 1 of 4 gamification interventions that varied only on how daily step goals were set (self-chosen or assigned) and implemented (immediately or gradually).The primary outcome was change in mean daily steps from baseline to the 8-week maintenance intervention period. Other outcomes included changes in minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity. All randomly assigned participants were included in the intention-to-treat analysis.Of the 500 participants, 331 individuals (66.2%) were Black, 114 were White (22.8%), and 348 were women (69.6%). Mean (SD) age was 58.5 (10.8) years and body mass index was 33.2 (7.8). A total of 215 participants (43.0%) had an ASCVD condition. Compared with the control arm, participants with self-chosen and immediate goals had significant increases in the number of daily steps during the maintenance intervention period (1384; 95% CI, 805-1963; P < .001) that were sustained during the 8-week follow-up (1391; 95% CI, 785-1998; P < .001). This group also had significant increases in daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity during the maintenance intervention (4.1; 95% CI, 1.8-6.4; P < .001) that were sustained during follow-up (3.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.8; P = .004). No other gamification arms had consistent increases in physical activity compared with the control arm. No major adverse events were reported.In this trial among economically disadvantaged adults at elevated risk for major adverse cardiovascular events, a gamification intervention led to increases in physical activity that were sustained during 8 weeks of follow-up when goals were self-chosen and implemented immediately.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03749473.
Drug-Related Pneumonitis in Patients Receiving Vedolizumab Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Daniela Pugliese, Giuseppe Privitera, Tommaso Schepis, Luigi Larosa, Sara Onali, Franco Scaldaferri, Antonio Gasbarrini, Flavio Caprioli, Alessandro Armuzzi
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
HBx-induced degradation of Smc5/6 complex impairs homologous recombination-mediated repair of damaged DNA
Authors: Kazuma Sekiba, Motoyuki Otsuka, Kazuyoshi Funato, Yu Miyakawa, Eri Tanaka, Takahiro Seimiya, Mari Yamagami, Takeya Tsutsumi, Kazuya Okushin, Kei Miyakawa, Akihide Ryo, Kazuhiko Koike
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2021)

HBV causes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While it was recently shown that the ability of HBV X protein (HBx) to impair the Smc5/6 (structural maintenance of chromosome 5/6) complex is important for viral transcription, HBx is also a potent driver of HCC. However, the mechanism by which HBx expression induces hepatocarcinogenesis is unclear.Degradation of the Smc5/6 complex and accumulation of DNA damage were observed in both in vivo and in vitro HBV infection models. Rescue experiments were performed using nitazoxanide (NTZ), which inhibits degradation of the Smc5/6 complex by HBx.HBx-triggered degradation of the Smc5/6 complex causes impaired homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), leading to cellular transformation. We found that DNA damage accumulated in the liver tissue of HBV-infected humanized chimeric mice, HBx-transgenic mice, and human tissues. HBx suppressed the HR repair of DSBs, including that induced by the CRISPR-Cas9 system, in an Smc5/6-dependent manner, which was rescued by restoring the Smc5/6 complex. NTZ restored HR repair in, and colony formation by, HBx-expressing cells.Degradation of the Smc5/6 complex by HBx increases viral transcription and promotes cellular transformation by impairing HR repair of DSBs.The hepatitis B virus expresses a regulatory protein called HBV X protein (or HBx). This protein degrades the Smc5/6 complex in human hepatocytes, which is essential for viral replication. We found that this process also plays a key role in the accumulation of DNA damage, which contributes to HBx-mediated tumorigenesis.
Broader approaches are necessary for containing pandemics like covid-19
Authors: Alok Bhargava
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Hotez rightly emphasises the importance of scientific approaches for stemming the covid-19 pandemic through policies such as mass vaccinations, social distancing, and avoidance of political meddling.1 But the analysis could have fleshed out the complex interactions between scientific, socioeconomic, and demographic variables for the formulation of evidence based policies. Although it seems reasonable to mention a possible Russian misinformation campaign concerning SARS-CoV-2, it is odd to omit the unhelpful role of the Chinese government in delaying the information that could provide insights into the phylogeny of the virus. This is especially important in view of the unsubstantiated claim by Robert Redfield, former director of the Centers for Disease …
BT19: The use of a novel teledermatology/teledermoscopy service to maintain a dermatology cancer service in the midst of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

previously shared pictures for new users.Despite some limitations, the Pando app has immensely improved patient safety and proved to be invaluable for our joint dermatology and plastic surgery interactions.However, there is an unmet need for a system with the ability to instantly transfer pictures to PACS and patient electronic records, to improve things further.
Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action, activity and clinical potential
Authors: Qi-Yu Zhang, Zhi-Bin Yan, Yue-Ming Meng, Xiang-Yu Hong, Gang Shao, Jun-Jie Ma, Xu-Rui Cheng, Jun Liu, Jian Kang, Cai-Yun Fu
Journal: Military Medical Research (2021)

Abstract The management of bacterial infections is becoming a major clinical challenge due to the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria. As an excellent candidate to overcome antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are produced from the synthetic and natural sources demonstrate a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with the high specificity and low toxicity. These peptides possess distinctive structures and functions by employing sophisticated mechanisms of action. This comprehensive review provides a broad overview of AMPs from the origin, structural characteristics, mechanisms of action, biological activities to clinical applications. We finally discuss the strategies to optimize and develop AMP-based treatment as the potential antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics.
Implications of Premature Coronary Artery Calcification in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Sumeet A. Khetarpal, Michael C. Honigberg, Pradeep Natarajan
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

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Proteins Associated with Risk of Kidney Function Decline in the General Population
Authors: Morgan E. Grams, Aditya Surapaneni, Jingsha Chen, Linda Zhou, Zhi Yu, Diptavo Dutta, Paul A. Welling, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Jingning Zhang, Dan E. Arking, Teresa K. Chen, Casey M. Rebholz, Bing Yu, Pascal Schlosser, Eugene P. Rhee, Christie M. Ballantyne, Eric Boerwinkle, Pamela L. Lutsey, Thomas Mosley, Harold I. Feldman, Ruth F. Dubin, Peter Ganz, Hongzhe Lee, Zihe Zheng, Josef Coresh
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Proteomic profiling may allow identification of plasma proteins that associate with subsequent changesin kidney function, elucidating biologic processes underlying the development and progression of CKD.We quantified the association between 4877 plasma proteins and a composite outcome of ESKD or decline in eGFR by ≥50% among 9406 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (visit 3; mean age, 60 years) who were followed for a median of 14.4 years. We performed separate analyses for these proteins in a subset of 4378 participants (visit 5), who were followed at a later time point, for a median of 4.4 years. For validation, we evaluated proteins with significant associations (false discovery rate <5%) in both time periods in 3249 participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) and 703 participants in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK). We also compared the genetic determinants of protein levels with those from a meta-analysis genome-wide association study of eGFR.In models adjusted for multiple covariates, including baseline eGFR and albuminuria, we identified 13 distinct proteins that were significantly associated with the composite end point in both time periods, including TNF receptor superfamily members 1A and 1B, trefoil factor 3, and β-trace protein. Of these proteins, 12 were also significantly associated in CRIC, and nine were significantly associated in AASK. Higher levels of each protein associated with higher risk of 50% eGFR decline or ESKD. We found genetic evidence for a causal role for one protein, lectin mannose-binding 2 protein (LMAN2).Large-scale proteomic analysis identified both known and novel proteomic risk factors for eGFR decline.
Clinical characteristics of male frontal fibrosing alopecia: a single-centre case series from London, UK
Authors: T. Rayinda, S.M. McSweeney, N. Dand, D.A. Fenton, J.A. McGrath, C. Tziotzios
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a variant of lichen planopilaris (LPP) characterised primarily by inflammation and irreversible hair loss affecting the frontotemporal scalp. Expert consensus now suggests that FFA incidence is increasing and this has led to increased interest in its aetiopathogenesis. As FFA disproportionately affects post-menopausal women, our group previously assessed genotype-phenotype correlation in FFA, phenotyping a large female FFA cohort and demonstrating a causal role for genetic variants implicated in xenobiotic metabolism and antigen presentation.
A multicenter randomized open-label clinical trial for convalescent plasma in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Cristina Avendaño-Solá, Antonio Ramos-Martínez, Elena Muñez-Rubio, Belen Ruiz-Antorán, Rosa Malo de Molina, Ferran Torres, Ana Fernández-Cruz, Jorge Calderón-Parra, Concepcion Payares-Herrera, Alberto Díaz de Santiago, Irene Romera-Martínez, Ilduara Pintos, Jaime Lora-Tamayo, Mikel Mancheño-Losa, Maria L. Paciello, A.L. Martínez-González, Julia Vidán-Estévez, Maria J. Nuñez-Orantos, Maria Isabel Saez-Serrano, Maria L. Porras-Leal, Maria C. Jarilla-Fernández, Paula Villares, Jaime Pérez de Oteyza, Ascension Ramos-Garrido, Lydia Blanco, Maria E. Madrigal-Sánchez, Martin Rubio-Batllés, Ana Velasco-Iglesias, José R. Paño-Pardo, J.A. Moreno-Chulilla, Eduardo Muñiz-Díaz, Inmaculada Casas-Flecha, Mayte Pérez-Olmeda, Javier García-Pérez, Jose Alcamí, Jose L. Bueno, Rafael F. Duarte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

BACKGROUND. Passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma (CP) is a potential treatment for COVID-19. Evidence from controlled clinical trials is inconclusive.
Mexico decriminalises abortion in unanimous Supreme Court vote
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Mexico has decriminalised abortion after the country’s Supreme Court ruled that prosecuting abortion cases was unconstitutional.1

Mexico, the world’s second biggest Roman Catholic country, is made up of 32 states, and before this ruling just four states—Mexico City, Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Hidalgo—allowed abortion under most circumstances. In the other 28 states abortions were penalised except under certain conditions such as rape or danger …
Evaluation of a Community Health Worker Social Prescribing Program Among UK Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: John Wildman, Josephine M. Wildman
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Despite lacking robust evidence of effectiveness, health care systems in developed countries are funding holistic community health worker (CHW) social prescribing programs that address social needs and health behaviors as adjuncts to clinical care. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether a UK National Health Service (NHS) CHW social prescribing program was associated with improved hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub>(HbA<sub>1c</sub>) levels among patients with type 2 diabetes. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study with difference-in-differences analysis was conducted among 8086 patients (4752 in the referral program, 3334 in the control group) in 24 NHS primary care practices in a city in North East England. Patients aged 40 to 74 years with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were observed for 8 years, from 2011 through 2019. The statistical analysis was conducted between June 1, 2019, and January 31, 2021. <h3>Interventions</h3> A social prescribing program, launched in April 2015, enabling primary care staff to refer patients to CHW support to identify condition management and social needs goals and access voluntary and community sector support to address these goals. Intervention referral was only available in primary care practices in the city's west. The control group included patients in the city's east where referral was unavailable. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> HbA<sub>1c</sub>level, a marker of glycemic control. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 8086 patients were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 57.8 [8.78] years; 3477 women [43%]; 6631 White patients [82%]). Mean (SD) baseline HbA<sub>1c</sub>levels were 7.56% (1.47%) in the referral program group and 7.44% (1.43%) in the control group. Following introduction of the social prescribing referral program, the referral group experienced an HbA<sub>1c</sub>reduction of −0.10 percentage points (95% CI, −0.17 to −0.03 percentage points) compared with the control group. The association increased over time: after 3 years the estimated association was −0.14 percentage points (95% CI, −0.24 to −0.03 percentage points). The association was stronger for White patients compared with non-White patients (−0.15 percentage points [95% CI, −0.26 to −0.04 percentage points] after 3 years), those with fewer additional comorbidities (−0.16 percentage points [95% CI, −0.29 to −0.04 percentage points] after 3 years), and those living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas (−0.19 percentage points [95% CI, −0.32 to −0.07 percentage points] after 3 years). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study of UK adults with type 2 diabetes, a social prescribing program with referral to CHWs targeting patients' social needs and health behaviors was associated with improved HbA<sub>1c</sub>levels, suggesting that holistic CHW interventions may help to reduce the public health burden of type 2 diabetes.
Seamless integration of bioelectronic interface in an animal model via in vivo polymerization of conjugated oligomers
Authors: Giuseppina Tommasini, Gwennaël Dufil, Federica Fardella, Xenofon Strakosas, Eugenio Fergola, Tobias Abrahamsson, David Bliman, Roger Olsson, Magnus Berggren, Angela Tino, Eleni Stavrinidou, Claudia Tortiglione
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Leveraging the biocatalytic machinery of living organisms for fabricating functional bioelectronic interfaces, in vivo, defines a new class of micro-biohybrids enabling the seamless integration of technology with living biological systems. Previously, we have demonstrated the in vivo polymerization of conjugated oligomers forming conductors within the structures of plants. Here, we expand this concept by reporting that Hydra, an invertebrate animal, polymerizes the conjugated oligomer ETE-S both within cells that expresses peroxidase activity and within the adhesive material that is secreted to promote underwater surface adhesion. The resulting conjugated polymer forms electronically conducting and electrochemically active μm-sized domains, which are inter-connected resulting in percolative conduction pathways extending beyond 100 μm, that are fully integrated within the Hydra tissue and the secreted mucus. Furthermore, the introduction and in vivo polymerization of ETE-S can be used as a biochemical marker to follow the dynamics of Hydra budding (reproduction) and regeneration. This work paves the way for well-defined self-organized electronics in animal tissue to modulate biological functions and in vivo biofabrication of hybrid functional materials and devices.
Systemic Corticosteroids for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Richard S. Irwin, J. Mark Madison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease that affects up to 24 million people in the United States and leads to substantial disability and death.1 Patients with COPD have about three acute exacerbations of their disease per year,2 many of which result in unscheduled visits to a physician or emergency department and to hospitalization. Although it is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the United States1 and the sixth worldwide,3 COPD is predicted to be the third leading cause of death and fifth leading cause of disability in the world by 2020.3 Although there is no . . .
Petasin potently inhibits mitochondrial complex I–based metabolism that supports tumor growth and metastasis
Authors: Kazuki Heishima, Nobuhiko Sugito, Tomoyoshi Soga, Masashi Nishikawa, Yuko Ito, Ryo Honda, Yuki Kuranaga, Hiroki Sakai, Ryo Ito, Takayuki Nakagawa, Hiroshi Ueda, Yukihiro Akao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I (ETCC1) is the essential core of cancer metabolism, yet potent ETCC1 inhibitors capable of safely suppressing tumor growth and metastasis in vivo are limited. From a plant extract screening, we identified petasin (PT) as a highly potent ETCC1 inhibitor with a chemical structure distinct from conventional inhibitors. PT had at least 1700 times higher activity than that of metformin or phenformin and induced cytotoxicity against a broad spectrum of tumor types. PT administration also induced prominent growth inhibition in multiple syngeneic and xenograft mouse models in vivo. Despite its higher potency, it showed no apparent toxicity toward nontumor cells and normal organs. Also, treatment with PT attenuated cellular motility and focal adhesion in vitro as well as lung metastasis in vivo. Metabolome and proteome analyses revealed that PT severely depleted the level of aspartate, disrupted tumor-associated metabolism of nucleotide synthesis and glycosylation, and downregulated major oncoproteins associated with proliferation and metastasis. These findings indicate the promising potential of PT as a potent ETCC1 inhibitor to target the metabolic vulnerability of tumor cells.
Prognostic Models for Predicting Remission of Diabetes Following Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Pushpa Singh, Nicola J. Adderley, Jonathan Hazlehurst, Malcolm Price, Abd A. Tahrani, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Srikanth Bellary
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

BACKGROUND Remission of type 2 diabetes following bariatric surgery is well established, but identifying patients who will go into remission is challenging. PURPOSE To perform a systematic review of currently available diabetes remission prediction models, compare their performance, and evaluate their applicability in clinical settings. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive systematic literature search of MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process &amp; Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was undertaken. The search was restricted to studies published in the last 15 years and in the English language. STUDY SELECTION All studies developing or validating a prediction model for diabetes remission in adults after bariatric surgery were included. DATA EXTRACTION The search identified 4,165 references, of which 38 were included for data extraction. We identified 16 model development and 22 validation studies. DATA SYNTHESIS Of the 16 model development studies, 11 developed scoring systems and 5 proposed logistic regression models. In model development studies, 10 models showed excellent discrimination with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥0.800. Two of these prediction models, ABCD and DiaRem, were widely externally validated in different populations, in a variety of bariatric procedures, and for both short- and long-term diabetes remission. Newer prediction models showed excellent discrimination in test studies, but external validation was limited. LIMITATIONS While the key messages were consistent, a large proportion of the studies were conducted in small cohorts of patients with short duration of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Among the prediction models identified, the ABCD and DiaRem models were the most widely validated and showed acceptable to excellent discrimination. More studies validating newer models and focusing on long-term diabetes remission are needed.
Patient Activation Measure in Dialysis-Dependent Patients in the United States
Authors: Daniel Cukor, Leila R. Zelnick, David M. Charytan, Amanda J. Shallcross, Rajnish Mehrotra
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Significance Statement The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) is a newly adopted metric by CMS to describe an individual’s knowledge, ability, skills, and confidence in self-managing chronic conditions. The extent to which the PAM is relevant, comprehensive, and associated with clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes in people with dialysis-dependent kidney failure is, as of yet, unclear. The data we present are the first estimates of association of patient activation with health literacy, mental health, and adherence in patients with dialysis-dependent kidney failure in the United States.