tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Children of Asian ethnicity in Australia have higher risk of food allergy and early‐onset eczema than those in Singapore
Authors: Noor H. A. Suaini, Evelyn Xiu‐Ling Loo, Rachel L. Peters, Gaik Chin Yap, Katrina J. Allen, Hugo Van Bever, David J. Martino, Anne Eng Neo Goh, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Marjorelee T. Colega, Mary Foong Fong Chong, Anne‐Louise Ponsonby, Kok Hian Tan, Mimi L. K. Tang, Keith M. Godfrey, Bee Wah Lee, Lynette Pei‐Chi Shek, Jennifer J. Koplin, Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Abstract Background In Western countries, Asian children have higher food allergy risk than Caucasian children. The early‐life environmental exposures for this discrepancy are unclear. We aimed to compare prevalence of food allergy and associated risk factors between Asian children in Singapore and Australia. Methods We studied children in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort (n = 878) and children of Asian ancestry in the HealthNuts cohort (n = 314). Food allergy was defined as a positive SPT ≥3 mm to egg or peanut AND either a convincing history of IgE‐mediated reaction at 18 months (GUSTO) or a positive oral food challenge at 14‐18 months (HealthNuts). Eczema was defined as parent‐reported doctor diagnosis. Results Food allergy prevalence was 1.1% in Singapore and 15.0% in Australia ( P &lt;0.001). Egg introduction was more often delayed (&gt;10 months) in Singapore (63.5%) than Australia (16.3%; P &lt;0.001). Prevalence of early‐onset eczema (&lt;6 months) was lower in Singapore (8.4%) than Australia (30.5%) ( P &lt;0.001). Children with early‐onset eczema were more likely to have food allergy than those without eczema in Australia [aOR 5.11 (2.34‐11.14); P &lt;0.001] and Singapore [aOR4.00 (0.62‐25.8); P = 0.145]. Conclusions Among Asian children, prevalence of early‐onset eczema and food allergy was higher in Australia than Singapore. Further research with larger sample sizes and harmonized definitions of food allergy between cohorts is required to confirm and extend these findings. Research on environmental factors influencing eczema onset in Australia and Singapore may aid understanding of food allergy pathogenesis in different parts of the world.
OA05.04 Clinical and Economic Impact of the Current Testing Scenario for ALK Rearrangements in Spain Compared to a Hypothetical No-Testing Scenario.
Authors: A.L. Ortega Granados, F. Rojo, L. Cabezón-Gutierrez, H. Torres, E. Nadal, D. Bautista, L. Ruiz De Alda, F. García, P. Vieitez, D. Carcedo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
In Utero Exposure to Mercury Is Associated With Increased Susceptibility to Liver Injury and Inflammation in Childhood
Authors: Nikos Stratakis, Lucy Golden‐Mason, Katerina Margetaki, Yinqi Zhao, Damaskini Valvi, Erika Garcia, Léa Maitre, Sandra Andrusaityte, Xavier Basagana, Eva Borràs, Mariona Bustamante, Maribel Casas, Serena Fossati, Regina Grazuleviciene, Line Småstuen Haug, Barbara Heude, Rosemary R.C. McEachan, Helle Margrete Meltzer, Eleni Papadopoulou, Theano Roumeliotaki, Oliver Robinson, Eduard Sabidó, Jose Urquiza, Marina Vafeiadi, Nerea Varo, John Wright, Miriam B. Vos, Howard Hu, Martine Vrijheid, Kiros T. Berhane, David V. Conti, Rob McConnell, Hugo R. Rosen, Lida Chatzi
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Background and Aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent cause of liver disease in children. Mercury (Hg), a ubiquitous toxic metal, has been proposed as an environmental factor contributing to toxicant‐associated fatty liver disease. Approach and Results We investigated the effect of prenatal exposure to Hg on childhood liver injury by combining epidemiological results from a multicenter mother–child cohort with complementary in vitro experiments on monocyte cells that are known to play a key role in liver immune homeostasis and NAFLD. We used data from 872 mothers and their children (median age, 8.1 years; interquartile range [IQR], 6.5‐8.7) from the European Human Early‐Life Exposome cohort. We measured Hg concentration in maternal blood during pregnancy (median, 2.0 μg/L; IQR, 1.1‐3.6). We also assessed serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a common screening tool for pediatric NAFLD, and plasma concentrations of inflammation‐related cytokines in children. We found that prenatal Hg exposure was associated with a phenotype in children that was characterized by elevated ALT (≥22.1 U/L for females and ≥25.8 U/L for males) and increased concentrations of circulating IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α. Consistently, inflammatory monocytes exposed in vitro to a physiologically relevant dose of Hg demonstrated significant up‐regulation of genes encoding these four cytokines and increased concentrations of IL‐8 and TNF‐α in the supernatants. Conclusions These findings suggest that developmental exposure to Hg can contribute to inflammation and increased NAFLD risk in early life.
Psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior in patients with acne prescribed oral antibiotics versus isotretinoin: Analysis of a large commercial insurance claims database
Authors: Nkemjika Ugonabo, Elyse Love, Priscilla W Wong, Evan A Rieder, Seth J Orlow, Randie H Kim, Arielle R Nagler
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Pediatric admissions to emergency departments of North-Western Italy during COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Irene Raffaldi, Emanuele Castagno, Ilaria Fumi, Claudia Bondone, Fulvio Ricceri, Luigi Besenzon, Adalberto Brach del Prever, Pina Capalbo, Gianluca Cosi, Enrico Felici, Patrizia Fusco, Maria Rita Gallina, Franco Garofalo, Paola Gianino, Andrea Guala, Oscar Haitink, Paolo Manzoni, Antonio Marra, Ivana Rabbone, Luca Roasio, Savino Santovito, Alberto Serra, Eleonora Tappi, Gian Maria Terragni, Fabio S. Timeus, Flaminia Torielli, Alessandro Vigo, Antonio F. Urbino
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)
P79.05 Phase II Randomized Trial of Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab +/- Chemotherapy for Operable Stage IA3-IIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: C. Huynh, R. Rayes, P. Gaudreau, V. Hirsh, L. Ofiara, S. Owen, B. Shieh, L. Walsh, J. Spicer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Cardiac Tissues From Stem Cells
Authors: Giulia Campostrini, Laura M. Windt, Berend J. van Meer, Milena Bellin, Christine L. Mummery
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

The ability of human pluripotent stem cells to form all cells of the body has provided many opportunities to study disease and produce cells that can be used for therapy in regenerative medicine. Even though beating cardiomyocytes were among the first cell types to be differentiated from human pluripotent stem cell, cardiac applications have advanced more slowly than those, for example, for the brain, eye, and pancreas. This is, in part, because simple 2-dimensional human pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocyte cultures appear to need crucial functional cues normally present in the 3-dimensional heart structure. Recent tissue engineering approaches combined with new insights into the dialogue between noncardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes have addressed and provided solutions to issues such as cardiomyocyte immaturity and inability to recapitulate adult heart values for features like contraction force, electrophysiology, or metabolism. Three-dimensional bioengineered heart tissues are thus poised to contribute significantly to disease modeling, drug discovery, and safety pharmacology, as well as provide new modalities for heart repair. Here, we review the current status of 3-dimensional engineered heart tissues.
P38.07 Comprehensive Investigation of Mutational Features of Various Lung Adenocarcinoma Histological Subtypes Among Chinese Patients
Authors: C. Xiang, Y. Han, H. Teng, L. Zhu, J. Shao, J. Zhao, S. Ma, J. Lin, J. Zheng, A. Lizaso
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
A Mouse Model of Cholangiocarcinoma Uncovers a Role for Tensin‐4 in Tumor Progression
Authors: Mickaël Di‐Luoffo, Sophie Pirenne, Thoueiba Saandi, Axelle Loriot, Claude Gérard, Nicolas Dauguet, Fátima Manzano‐Núñez, Natália Alves Souza Carvalhais, Florence Lamoline, Sabine Cordi, Katarzyna Konobrocka, Vitaline De Greef, Mina Komuta, Georg Halder, Patrick Jacquemin, Frédéric P. Lemaigre
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Background and Aims Earlier diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) are necessary to improve therapy, yet limited information is available about initiation and evolution of iCCA precursor lesions. Therefore, there is a need to identify mechanisms driving formation of precancerous lesions and their progression toward invasive tumors using experimental models that faithfully recapitulate human tumorigenesis. Approach and Results To this end, we generated a mouse model which combines cholangiocyte‐specific expression of KrasG12D with 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet‐induced inflammation to mimic iCCA development in patients with cholangitis. Histological and transcriptomic analyses of the mouse precursor lesions and iCCA were performed and compared with human analyses. The function of genes overexpressed during tumorigenesis was investigated in human cell lines. We found that mice expressing KrasG12D in cholangiocytes and fed a DDC diet developed cholangitis, ductular proliferations, intraductal papillary neoplasms of bile ducts (IPNBs), and, eventually, iCCAs. The histology of mouse and human IPNBs was similar, and mouse iCCAs displayed histological characteristics of human mucin‐producing, large‐duct–type iCCA. Signaling pathways activated in human iCCA were also activated in mice. The identification of transition zones between IPNB and iCCA on tissue sections, combined with RNA‐sequencing analyses of the lesions supported that iCCAs derive from IPNBs. We further provide evidence that tensin‐4 ( TNS4 ), which is stimulated by KRASG12D and SRY‐related HMG box transcription factor 17, promotes tumor progression. Conclusions We developed a mouse model that faithfully recapitulates human iCCA tumorigenesis and identified a gene cascade which involves TNS4 and promotes tumor progression.
Centre procedural volume and adverse in‐hospital outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous transvenous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair using <scp>MitraClip</scp>® in <scp>Germany</scp>
Authors: Karsten Keller, Lukas Hobohm, Irene Schmidtmann, Thomas Münzel, Stephan Baldus, Ralph Stephan von Bardeleben
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)

Aims The number of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) procedures has increased substantially during the last years. A better understanding of the relationship between hospital volume of transcatheter transvenous mitral valve repairs using MitraClip® and patient outcomes may provide information for future policy decisions to improve patient management. Methods and results We analysed patient characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes for all TMVr procedures using MitraClip® performed in Germany from 2011 to 2017. Hospitals were stratified according to centre volumes and patients were compared for baseline characteristics and adverse in‐hospital events. Overall, 24 709 inpatients were treated during the observational period. Patients treated in centres with a volume of ≤10 procedures annually developed more often pulmonary embolism (odds ratio 2.22, 95% confidence interval 1.19–4.13; P = 0.012) compared to those treated in centres with a volume of &gt;10 procedures annually, whereas no association of centre volume (≤10 or &gt;10) was found with in‐hospital mortality ( P = 0.728). Although patients treated in centres with an annual volume &gt;25 TMVr procedures had higher numbers of comorbidities compared to those treated in centres with an annual volume of ≤25 TMVr procedures, in‐hospital mortality did not differ (3.6% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.485). Similarly, when centre volumes were stratified for ≤50 vs. &gt;50 procedural volumes, no association with in‐hospital mortality was recorded ( P = 0.792). A lower rate of mitral valve surgery after MitraClip® was observed over time, particularly in high‐volume centres. Conclusion Annual numbers of MitraClip® implantations increased from 2011 to 2017 in Germany, whereas in‐hospital mortality remained stable. Although patients treated in high‐volume centres had a more unfavourable risk profile, in‐hospital mortality was comparable to that of low‐volume centres.
Proteomic Profiling of Hepatocellular Adenomas Paves the Way to Diagnostic and Prognostic Approaches
Authors: Cyril Dourthe, Céline Julien, Sylvaine Di Tommaso, Jean‐William Dupuy, Nathalie Dugot‐Senant, Alexandre Brochard, Brigitte Le Bail, Jean‐Frédéric Blanc, Laurence Chiche, Charles Balabaud, Paulette Bioulac‐Sage, Frédéric Saltel, Anne‐Aurélie Raymond
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Background and Aims Through an exploratory proteomic approach based on typical hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs), we previously identified a diagnostic biomarker for a distinctive subtype of HCA with high risk of bleeding, already validated on a multicenter cohort. We hypothesized that the whole protein expression deregulation profile could deliver much more informative data for tumor characterization. Therefore, we pursued our analysis with the characterization of HCA proteomic profiles, evaluating their correspondence with the established genotype/phenotype classification and assessing whether they could provide added diagnosis and prognosis values. Approach and Results From a collection of 260 cases, we selected 52 typical cases of all different subgroups on which we built a reference HCA proteomics database. Combining laser microdissection and mass‐spectrometry–based proteomic analysis, we compared the relative protein abundances between tumoral (T) and nontumoral (NT) liver tissues from each patient and we defined a specific proteomic profile of each of the HCA subgroups. Next, we built a matching algorithm comparing the proteomic profile extracted from a patient with our reference HCA database. Proteomic profiles allowed HCA classification and made diagnosis possible, even for complex cases with immunohistological or genomic analysis that did not lead to a formal conclusion. Despite a well‐established pathomolecular classification, clinical practices have not substantially changed and the HCA management link to the assessment of the malignant transformation risk remains delicate for many surgeons. That is why we also identified and validated a proteomic profile that would directly evaluate malignant transformation risk regardless of HCA subtype. Conclusions This work proposes a proteomic‐based machine learning tool, operational on fixed biopsies, that can improve diagnosis and prognosis and therefore patient management for HCAs.
Elevated Angiopoietin-2 Levels Correlated with Sepsis Diagnosis in Patients with Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Justin Lee, Jack Bontekoe, Vinod K Bansal, Debra Hoppensteadt, Paula D'Almeida Maia, Williams D Mark, Amanda Walborn, Mosier Michael, Jawed Fareed
Journal: Blood (2017)
Maternal and Perinatal Factors Associated With Kawasaki Disease Among Offspring in Taiwan
Authors: Chaw-Liang Chang, Ming-Chih Lin, Ching-Heng Lin, Tai-Ming Ko
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

However, genetic factors alone cannot explain seasonal variations, periodic outbreaks, or the continued increase in KD incidence. 2Many other factors, including exposure to infectious agents, pollution, and elevated atmospheric biological particle concentrations, are associated with KD. 2 Several studies 3,4 have suggested that maternal and perinatal factors might be associated with KD development.This case-control study investigated the role of perinatal factors and maternal autoimmune diseases in the development of KD using the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database. MethodsThe institutional review board of the Cathay General Hospital approved this study and waived the need for informed consent because the data are publicly available and deidentified.The study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline for case-control studies.We collected data of patients who were younger than 5 years, had KD, and were born between 2004 and 2010, from the original claims data of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, which was established in 1995 and covered 99.9% of the population by 2003. 5KD diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 446.1) was confirmed by receipt of intravenous immunoglobulins (Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical code J06BA02) and hospitalization.Age-matched and index date-matched individuals were collected as a control group.Every citizen in Taiwan is assigned a unique national identification number.The Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database, which contains national identification numbers of children and their parents, was used to link parents and children. 5The child's birth history, maternal comorbidities, and maternal autoimmune diseases were analyzed (see the eAppendix in the Supplement).Differences in categorical and continuous variables were assessed using χ 2 and t tests, respectively.P values were 2-sided, and statistical significance was set at P<.05.Analyses were performed using SAS Enterprise Guide statistical software version 9.4 (SAS Institute).The analyses were conducted from May 1 to August 6, 2020. ResultsWe enrolled 4197 patients with KD (2601 boys [62.0%]; 1717 [40.9%] younger than 1 year; 1261 [30.0%] aged 1 year) and 16 788 matched individuals without KD (8832 boys [52.6%]) from 1 280 374 children in the database.Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.37-1.57;P < .001),maternal age 35 years or older (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.30;P < .001),maternal Sjögren syndrome (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.03-2.95;P = .04),and maternal ankylosing spondylitis (OR, 2.01; 95% CI,
P45.03 Lung Nodule Management Based on Diameter and Volume in Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose Computed Tomography
Authors: Y. Du, Y. Li, M. Dorrius, G. Sidorenkov, M. Vonder, R. Vliegenthart, M. Heuvelmans, X. Cui, Z. Ye, G. De Bock
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Laboratory, Clinical, and Survival Outcomes Associated With Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Patients With Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Sarit T. Kipnis, Matthew Hung, Shria Kumar, Jason M. Heckert, Hwan Lee, Bonita Bennett, Michael C. Soulen, Daniel A. Pryma, David A. Mankoff, David C. Metz, Jennifer R. Eads, Bryson W. Katona
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is approved in the US for treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but data on PRRT outcomes within US populations remain scarce.To analyze the first 2 years of PRRT implementation at a US-based NET referral center.This cohort study was conducted using medical records of patients with metastatic NET receiving PRRT from 2018 through 2020 in a NET program at a tertiary referral center. Included patients were those at the center with metastatic NETs who received at least 1 dose of PRRT over the study period. Laboratory toxic effects were assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Tumor response was determined using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. Survival analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. Data were analyzed from August 2018 through August 2020.Receiving 4 cycles of lutetium-177-dotatate infusion, separated by 8-week intervals targeted to 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) per dose.Data were compared from before and after PRRT to determine hematologic, liver, and kidney toxic effects and to assess tumor progression and patient survival.Among 78 patients receiving at least 1 dose of PRRT, median (interquartile range) age at PRRT initiation was 59.8 (53.5-69.2) years and 39 (50.0%) were men. The most common primary NET sites included small bowel, occurring in 34 patients (43.6%), and pancreas, occurring in 22 patients (28.2%). World Health Organization grade 1 or 2 tumors occurred in 62 patients (79.5%). Among all patients, 56 patients underwent pretreatment with tumor resection (71.8%), 49 patients received nonsomatostatin analogue systemic therapy (62.8%), and 49 patients received liver-directed therapy (62.8%). At least 1 grade 2 or greater toxic effect was found in 47 patients (60.3%). Median PFS was 21.6 months for the study group, was not reached by 22 months for patients with small bowel primary tumors, and was 13.3 months for patients with pancreatic primary tumors. Having a small bowel primary tumor was associated with a lower rate of progression compared with having a pancreatic primary tumor (hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07-0.55; P = .01). Median overall survival was not reached.This cohort study of patients with metastatic NETs found that PRRT was associated with laboratory-measured toxic effects during treatment for most patients and an overall median PFS of 21.6 months. Patients with small bowel NETs had longer PFS after PRRT compared with patients with pancreatic NETs.
Insights on Intensive vs Nonintensive Prerandomization Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction
Authors: Chakrapani Mahabala, Prabodh Varma, Ashok Shenoy
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

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