tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 116: Delta Neutrophil Index as a Useful Prognostic Marker in Pediatric Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Seo Hee Yoon, Jong Gyun Ahn
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Patients resuscitated after enduring cardiac arrest (CA) experience post-cardiac arrest syndrome, which mimics the physiologic derangement consistent with observations of severe sepsis. The delta neutrophil index (DNI), which reflects a fraction of circulating immature granulocytes, has been reported to be strongly associated with increased mortality in systemic inflammation, also in adult patients after CA. However, pediatric CA is different from adult CA in etiology or early pathophysiology. In this study we evaluated the prognostic significance of the DNI in terms of early mortality after CA in children. Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive patients (≤18 years) with CA who received chest compression for ≥2 min from January of 2012 to January of 2018. Patients who survived at least 24 h after undergoing chest compression were included in the analysis. The DNI was determined on each day following the incidence of CA. The outcome of interest was the 30-day mortality. Results: A total of 85 patients who had a CA were included in the study (survival group; n=55, non-survival group; n=30). The median value of the DNI on day 1 (24 hours after CA) was 1.4% (interquartile range [IQR] 0-4.7%) in the survivor group, and 15.1% (IQR 6.7-28.7%) in the non-survivor group. The difference was statistically significant ( P &lt; 0.001). The receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed a cut-off that predicted a 30 day-mortality, was a DNI on day 1 &gt; 4.7% (area under the curve 0.816; 95% CI (0.713 to 0.895); P &lt; 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed, the probability of survival was significantly lower in patients with DNI &gt; 4.7% on day 1 (log-rank test; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The DNI level can be considered a useful indicator for predicting early prognosis in pediatric cardiac arrest patients
Predictors of left ventricular dysfunction following mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation: Reply
Authors: Takayoshi Matsumura, Eiji Ohtaki, Kaoru Tanaka, Kazuhiko Misu, Tetsuya Tohbaru, Ryuta Asano, Masatoshi Nagayama, Koichi Kitahara, Jun Umemura, Tetsuya Sumiyoshi, Hitoshi Kasegawa, Saichi Hosoda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Robert L. Reddick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The field of pathology and laboratory medicine continues to advance in terms of instrumentation and automation to provide laboratory information for patient care as well as in the application of new scientific knowledge to patient care. We highlight selected examples from both types of advances. Automation began to be widely used in the larger centralized laboratories in the 1960s and 1970s. Since that time, essentially all of the high-volume analytical procedures have been successfully automated, including clinical chemistry, hematology counts and differential counts, and, more recently, coagulation and much of microbiology. The postanalytical reporting of the data has been automated by use of computer systems on-line to the analytical instruments. The one area of the laboratory that has resisted successful automation until recently is the "front end" or preanalytical area, ie, specimen handling, including centrifugation (when necessary) and removal of plasma or serum samples for the various tests. Thanks to
Characteristics associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance
Authors: Manuel Francisco Ugarte-Gil, Graciela S Alarcón, Zara Izadi, Ali Duarte-García, Cristina Reátegui-Sokolova, Ann Elaine Clarke, Leanna Wise, Guillermo J Pons-Estel, Maria Jose Santos, Sasha Bernatsky, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio Ribeiro, Samar Al Emadi, Jeffrey A Sparks, Tiffany Y -T Hsu, Naomi J Patel, Emily L Gilbert, Maria O Valenzuela-Almada, Andreas Jönsen, Gianpiero Landolfi, Micaela Fredi, Tiphaine Goulenok, Mathilde Devaux, Xavier Mariette, Viviane Queyrel, Vasco C Romão, Graca Sequeira, Rebecca Hasseli, Bimba Hoyer, Reinhard E Voll, Christof Specker, Roberto Baez, Vanessa Castro-Coello, Hernan Maldonado Ficco, Edgard Torres Reis Neto, Gilda Aparecida Aparecida Ferreira, Odirlei Andre André Monticielo, Emily Sirotich, Jean Liew, Jonathan Hausmann, Paul Sufka, Rebecca Grainger, Suleman Bhana, Wendy Costello, Zachary S Wallace, Lindsay Jacobsohn, Tiffany Taylor, Clairissa Ja, Anja Strangfeld, Elsa F Mateus, Kimme L Hyrich, Loreto Carmona, Saskia Lawson-Tovey, Lianne Kearsley-Fleet, Martin Schäfer, Pedro M Machado, Philip C Robinson, Milena Gianfrancesco, Jinoos Yazdany
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

<h3>Aim</h3> To determine characteristics associated with more severe outcomes in a global registry of people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and COVID-19. <h3>Methods</h3> People with SLE and COVID-19 reported in the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry from March 2020 to June 2021 were included. The ordinal outcome was defined as: (1) not hospitalised, (2) hospitalised with no oxygenation, (3) hospitalised with any ventilation or oxygenation and (4) death. A multivariable ordinal logistic regression model was constructed to assess the relationship between COVID-19 severity and demographic characteristics, comorbidities, medications and disease activity. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1606 people with SLE were included. In the multivariable model, older age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.04), male sex (1.50, 1.01 to 2.23), prednisone dose (1–5 mg/day 1.86, 1.20 to 2.66, 6–9 mg/day 2.47, 1.24 to 4.86 and ≥10 mg/day 1.95, 1.27 to 2.99), no current treatment (1.80, 1.17 to 2.75), comorbidities (eg, kidney disease 3.51, 2.42 to 5.09, cardiovascular disease/hypertension 1.69, 1.25 to 2.29) and moderate or high SLE disease activity (vs remission; 1.61, 1.02 to 2.54 and 3.94, 2.11 to 7.34, respectively) were associated with more severe outcomes. In age-adjusted and sex-adjusted models, mycophenolate, rituximab and cyclophosphamide were associated with worse outcomes compared with hydroxychloroquine; outcomes were more favourable with methotrexate and belimumab. <h3>Conclusions</h3> More severe COVID-19 outcomes in individuals with SLE are largely driven by demographic factors, comorbidities and untreated or active SLE. Patients using glucocorticoids also experienced more severe outcomes.
Probe of heat wave deaths under way
Authors: R. Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

WHEN FEDERAL epidemiologists arrived in Chicago, Ill, late last month to investigate the city's massive heat-related death toll, Cook County Medical Examiner Edmund Donoghue, MD, made their work a bit easier. He handed over a computer disk containing names, ages, addresses, and the cause of death of hundreds who succumbed during mid-July's record-high temperatures in a city better known for snowscapes and heart-stopping cold. "Usually they just get a story about what happened. This will speed up their analysis," Donoghue said as investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Ga, sifted through the data. See also page 602. Chicago's heat wave and the CDC study will yield insight into heat-related mortality for some time to come. An initial report on demographics and descriptions of the deaths is in CDC's<i>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i>. More in-depth reports will focus on identifying risk factors and preventing such
Abstract 17238: Global Burden of Calcific Aortic and Degenerative Mitral Valve Diseases: Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study
Authors: Simon R Yadgir, Tahiya Alam, Catherine Johnson, Mohsen Naghavi, Greg Roth
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Although non-rheumatic valvular heart diseases (NRVD) are common, there have been no studies to estimate their global burden. As part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study, we estimated the age and sex-specific number of deaths, prevalent cases, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) for every country from 1990 to 2017. Methods: We used vital registration data, epidemiological survey data, and hospital claims data to estimate the cause-specific mortality rate, prevalence, and incidence of CAVD and DMVD using the GBD modelling framework. Results accounted for level of disease severity as well as the availability of valve repair or replacement procedures. Burden estimates for CAVD and DMVD were generated for each sex, 5-year age group, country, and year from 1990 to 2017. Results: We estimated 1.5M DALYs (1.3M to 1.7M) lost due to CAVD and 1.1M DALYs (0.8M to 1.4M) due to DMVD, globally, representing 0.12% (0.1% to 0.14%) of total lost health from all diseases in 2017. CAVD and DMVD caused 97.8K (75.0K to 104.8K) and 32.7K (28.5K to 38.2K) deaths, and 12.9M (11.5M to 14.2M) and 27.1M (26M to 27.1M) cases, respectively. The number of DALYs increased for both CAVD and DMVD between 1990 and 2017, by 123% (101% to 137%) and 64% (50% to 75%), respectively. There is large national and regional variation in the prevalence, mortality rate, and overall burden of these diseases, with the highest age-standardized rates estimated for high income countries. Conclusions: CAVD and DMVD are common diseases among the elderly. Health systems will need to consider improving prevention of CAVD and access to effective valve diagnostics and procedures if progress is to be made in addressing these treatable conditions.
ACC/AHA 2004 Guideline Update for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Summary Article
Authors: Kim A. Eagle, Robert A. Guyton, Ravin Davidoff, Fred H. Edwards, Gordon A. Ewy, Timothy J. Gardner, James C. Hart, Howard C. Herrmann, L. David Hillis, Adolph M. Hutter, Bruce Whitney Lytle, Robert A. Marlow, William C. Nugent, Thomas A. Orszulak, Elliott M. Antman, Sidney C. Smith, Joseph S. Alpert, Jeffrey L. Anderson, David P. Faxon, Valentin Fuster, Raymond J. Gibbons, Gabriel Gregoratos, Jonathan L. Halperin, Loren F. Hiratzka, Sharon Ann Hunt, Alice K. Jacobs, Joseph P. Ornato
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Acute renal failure complicating submersion in sea water
Authors: H. Grausz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Acute renal failure is a recognized complication of near-drowning in fresh water and is generally attributed to the combination of hemolysis and hypotension. Hemolysis does not result from aspiration of sea water, and renal failure has not been regarded as a complication of near-drowning in salt water. In the present report two cases of acute and reversible oliguric renal failure followed episodes of submersion in sea water. Hemolysis was not present. We concluded that acute renal failure in both patients represented acute tubular necrosis resulting from a combination of hypoxia and hypotension.
Abstract 244: Racial Disparities In Cardiopulmonary Training Status in the United States
Authors: Shaun K McGovern, Andrew Murray, Benjamin S Abella, Marion Leary, Audrey L Blewer
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest varies by race, possibly due to poor penetration of CPR training in minority communities. Targeted trainings and campaigns to increase access to CPR education have sought to address these gaps, yet it is unknown if these initiatives have equalized training rates. Objectives: We sought to examine racial variation of CPR training status on the individual-level by assessing current CPR training and ever CPR trained status. We hypothesized that whites would be more likely to hold current CPR training and be ever trained in CPR compared to minorities. Methods: As a secondary analysis to a previous random digit dial survey of a nationally-representative adult sample, we defined CPR training status of individuals as currently trained (only ≤2 years) and ever trained. Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine variation by race. Results: From 09/2015-11/2015, 9,022 individuals completed the national survey. Of those, 65% had been CPR trained at some point in time, while 18% reported being currently trained. Minorities were significantly less likely to ever be trained in CPR compared to whites (54.9% vs 70.8%, p&lt;0.01). However, minorities and whites were equally as likely to be currently CPR trained (18.2% vs. 18.2%, p=0.99); no significant difference was found when adjusting for age, sex, and education (p=ns). Probability of training status by age displayed variation between groups (Figure 1). Conclusions: Significant disparities by race were observed in those ever trained in CPR, however no significant difference exists in attainment of current CPR training. Increased access to CPR education and targeted training campaigns may have closed the gap in current CPR training status disparities. Continued surveillance of CPR training rates is needed to monitor these findings over time.
Lectures on Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: B. E. Brodhurst
Journal: BMJ (1863)

Continued.)Patiological Spinal Curves.THE antero-posterior pathological curves are, for the most part, merely exaggerated conditions of the physiological curves; thus we find lordosis to exist especially in the lumbar region, and cyphosis in the dorsal region.It will be shown further on, however, that these conditions are not absolutely limited to a given region; but that the vertebrae above and below may be involved in the curve, so as to reverse the normal curve of any region.These curves are rarely congenital; but they are induced through ignorance or neglect on the part of the nurse, or otherwise through deficient nutrition.Lordosis.Lordosis, or anterior curvature of the spine, affects for the most part the lumbar region, it being an abnormal increase of the physiological curve of that region.
Photoactivated Release of Nitric Oxide and Antimicrobial Peptide Derivatives for Synergistic Therapy of Bacterial Skin Abscesses
Authors: Maohua Chen, Jingjing Zhou, Pan Ran, Fangmei Lei, Jie Meng, Junwu Wei, Xiaohong Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

It is of paramount importance to develop novel approaches for combating bacterial resistance and the integration of different antibacterial mechanisms is essential to achieve synergistic bactericidal efficiency while reducing the associated side effects. Herein, amphiphilic antimicrobial copolymers derived from poly-l-lysine (PLL), black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) as near-infrared (NIR) sensitizer, and S-nitrosocysteamine (SNO) as nitric oxide (NO) donor, are assembled into PELI@BPQD-SNO nanoparticles through electrostatic interactions. Amphiphilic copolymers with isopentanyl grafts on PLL at a ratio of 50% achieve an optimal balance between antibacterial activity and hemolysis rate. Photothermal effect of BPQDs leads to NIR-responsive release of NO and the combination with amphiphilic copolymers mutually enhances long-term inhibition of bacterial growth. In an S. aureus-infected subcutaneous abscess model, the bactericidal rate of PELI@BPQD-SNO/NIR treatment reaches nearly 99.6%, which is significantly higher than those without NO release (38%) or amphiphilic copolymers (24%) or NIR irradiation (17%). PELI@BPQD-SNO/NIR treatment shows full recovery of infected wounds, efficient retardation of inflammatory cells, and reconstruction of blood vessels similar to those of healthy skin. Therefore, the electrostatic assembly demonstrates a promising strategy to deliver charged therapeutic agents and the photoactivated release of NO and amphiphilic copolymers achieves synergistic antibacterial efficacy without using any antibiotics.
Biomarkers predictive of response to enfortumab vedotin (EV) treatment in advanced urothelial cancer (aUC).
Authors: Tanya Jindal, Li Zhang, Jonathan Chou, David Shui, Sima P. Porten, Anthony C. Wong, Emily Chan, Bradley A. Stohr, Ivan de Kouchkovsky, Hala Borno, Rohit Bose, Daniel H Kwon, Arpita Desai, Franklin W. Huang, Rahul Raj Aggarwal, Eric Jay Small, Lawrence Fong, Terence W. Friedlander, Vadim S Koshkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

531 Background: EV is an antibody-drug conjugate which recently received full FDA approval for treatment-refractory aUC. Molecular biomarkers and characteristics of patients (pts) most likely to respond to EV therapy have not been well defined. Methods: We retrospectively identified all aUC pts treated with EV at our institution. Clinicopathologic, treatment and response data were abstracted from pt charts. Pts were considered responders to EV if they had a complete response on initial scans after 2-3 months of treatment, or were treated with EV for ≥ 6 months. Responders and non-responders were compared in terms of their molecular and clinical characteristics using Chi-squared test. Most common somatic alterations present in ≥10 pts ( TERTp, TP53, CDKN2A, CDKN2B) were also used to divide pts with available next-generation sequencing (NGS) results into groups with and without these alterations. Log rank test was used to determine differences in overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) among these groups. Results: Between 1/2020 and 8/2021 a total of 32 pts received EV and 28 had NGS data available with either FoundationOne (14 pts), UCSF500 (13 pts) or Strata (1). Median age was 69.5 years, 24 (75%) were male, 22 (69%) Caucasian, 22 (69%) had pure urothelial histology and 22 (69%) primary tumor location in the bladder. At EV start, 24 (75%) had visceral metastases (mets), 8 (25%) had liver mets, and 13 (41%) had bone mets. Median follow-up from EV start was 12.5 months (range 0.5-36); 20 (63%) pts received EV monotherapy, and 12 (37%) received EV as part of a combination regimen. Non-responders were more likely to have bone metastases (69% vs 21%, p&lt;0.01), but were otherwise similar in baseline clinical characteristics to responders. TP53 alterations were enriched in responders relative to non-responders, whereas non-responders had more CDKN2B alterations (Table). Similar findings were seen in the subset of pts treated with EV monotherapy. Pts with TP53 alterations had longer OS (NR vs 17.0 months, p=0.06) and PFS (NR vs 6.6 months, p=0.04) relative to wild-type pts. Shorter PFS was seen in pts with CDKN2A (4.4 months vs NR, p=0.05) and CDKN2B (4.3 months vs NR, p=0.02) alterations, but no differences in OS were observed. Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort of aUC pts with available NGS data, presence of TP53 and absence of CDKN2A and CDKN2B alterations were associated with favorable responses and improved clinical outcomes with EV, suggesting they may be biomarkers of response to EV. These preliminary findings should be validated in larger cohorts.[Table: see text]
Allergy to house dust mite in childhood asthma.
Journal: BMJ (1978)

treatment) need attention if these are to be used fully in education and research.The method follows most easily where problem-oriented medical records are in use,) since the change of thinking in a problem-oriented approach will have occurred already.In essence, the complex of sigIls, symptoms, and investigations is broken down into "problems," which may or may not be solved by clinical diagnoses.These data are transferred in the form of a necropsy request, from which the pathologist forms his or her own problem list.The necropsy examination is then oriented towards solving the problems posed-which at a basic level may take the form of confirming or refuting clinical diagnoses -and adding the additional perhaps unexpected findings as further problems, whose solution may or may not be apparent.Medical audit is most effective when errors and omissions are brought to the attention of the clinician in such a way that his future performance is modified.Problem-oriented necropsies can help to close the feedback loop and monitor the effects of audit, and their use is to be encouraged.
Domestic Abstracts
Journal: JAMA (1987)

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An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Section of Ophthalmology
Authors: T. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1888)

bmbryonic development, so with diseases." I cannot conceive any doctrine professing to bring the phenomena of the former within a general law, which is not like the theory of Darwin, consistent with their fundamental identity, their endless variability, their subjugation to varying external influences and conditions, and with the possibility of the transmission of the vital conditions and properties, with all their variations, from individual to in- dividual, and in the lapse of ages, from race to race." 3d
Inflamed and non-inflamed classes of HCC: a revised immunogenomic classification
Authors: Carla Montironi, Florian Castet, Philipp K Haber, Roser Pinyol, Miguel Torres-Martin, Laura Torrens, Agavni Mesropian, Huan Wang, Marc Puigvehi, Miho Maeda, Wei Qiang Leow, Elizabeth Harrod, Patricia Taik, Jigjidsuren Chinburen, Erdenebileg Taivanbaatar, Enkhbold Chinbold, Manel Solé Arqués, Michael Donovan, Swan Thung, Jaclyn Neely, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Jeffrey Anderson, Sasan Roayaie, Myron Schwartz, Augusto Villanueva, Scott L Friedman, Andrew Uzilov, Daniela Sia, Josep M Llovet
Journal: Gut (2022)

We previously reported a characterisation of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immune contexture and described an immune-specific class. We now aim to further delineate the immunogenomic classification of HCC to incorporate features that explain responses/resistance to immunotherapy.