tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methadone Access for Opioid Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic Within the United States and Canada
Authors: Paul J. Joudrey, Zoe M. Adams, Paxton Bach, Sarah Van Buren, Jessica A. Chaiton, Lucy Ehrenfeld, Mary Elizabeth Guerra, Brynna Gleeson, Simeon D. Kimmel, Ashley Medley, Wassim Mekideche, Maxime Paquet, Minhee Sung, Melinda Wang, R. O. Olivier You Kheang, Jingxian Zhang, Emily A. Wang, E. Jennifer Edelman
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Methadone access may be uniquely vulnerable to disruption during COVID-19, and even short delays in access are associated with decreased medication initiation and increased illicit opioid use and overdose death. Relative to Canada, US methadone provision is more restricted and limited to specialized opioid treatment programs. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare timely access to methadone initiation in the US and Canada during COVID-19. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2020. Participating clinics provided methadone for opioid use disorder in 14 US states and territories and 3 Canadian provinces with the highest opioid overdose death rates. Statistical analysis was performed from July 2020 to January 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Nation and type of health insurance (US Medicaid and US self-pay vs Canadian provincial). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Proportion of clinics accepting new patients and days to first appointment. <h3>Results</h3> Among 268 of 298 US clinics contacted as a patient with Medicaid (90%), 271 of 301 US clinics contacted as a self-pay patient (90%), and 237 of 288 Canadian clinics contacted as a patient with provincial insurance (82%), new patients were accepted for methadone at 231 clinics (86%) during US Medicaid contacts, 230 clinics (85%) during US self-pay contacts, and at 210 clinics (89%) during Canadian contacts. Among clinics not accepting new patients, at least 44% of 27 clinics reported that the COVID-19 pandemic was the reason. The mean wait for first appointment was greater among US Medicaid contacts (3.5 days [95% CI, 2.9-4.2 days]) and US self-pay contacts (4.1 days [95% CI, 3.4-4.8 days]) than Canadian contacts (1.9 days [95% CI, 1.7-2.1 days]) (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Open-access model (walk-in hours for new patients without an appointment) utilization was reported by 57 Medicaid (30%), 57 self-pay (30%), and 115 Canadian (59%) contacts offering an appointment. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cross-sectional study of 2 nations, more than 1 in 10 methadone clinics were not accepting new patients. Canadian clinics offered more timely methadone access than US opioid treatment programs. These results suggest that the methadone access shortage was exacerbated by COVID-19 and that changes to the US opioid treatment program model are needed to improve the timeliness of access. Increased open-access model adoption may increase timely access.
Diagnostic accuracy of a novel artificial intelligence system for adenoma detection in daily practice: a prospective nonrandomized comparative study
Authors: Carolin Zippelius, Saleh A. Alqahtani, Jörg Schedel, Dominic Brookman-Amissah, Klaus Muehlenberg, Christoph Federle, Andrea Salzberger, Wolfgang Schorr, Oliver Pech
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Adenoma detection rate (ADR) varies significantly between endoscopists, with adenoma miss rates (AMRs) up to 26 %. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems may improve endoscopy quality and reduce the rate of interval cancer. We evaluated the efficacy of an AI system in real-time colonoscopy and its influence on AMR and ADR.This prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study analyzed patients undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy at a single endoscopy center in Germany from June to October 2020. Every patient was examined concurrently by an endoscopist and AI using two opposing screens. The AI system, overseen by a second observer, was not visible to the endoscopist. AMR was the primary outcome. Both methods were compared using McNemar test.150 patients were included (mean age 65 years [standard deviation 14]; 69 women). There was no significant or clinically relevant difference (P = 0.75) in AMR between the AI system (6/197, 3.0 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.1-6.5) and routine colonoscopy (4/197, 2.0 %; 95 %CI 0.6-5.1). The polyp miss rate of the AI system (14/311, 4.5 %; 95 %CI 2.5-7.4) was not significantly different (P = 0.72) from routine colonoscopy (17/311, 5.5 %; 95 %CI 3.2-8.6). There was no significant difference (P = 0.50) in ADR between routine colonoscopy (78/150, 52.0 %; 95 %CI 43.7-60.2) and the AI system (76/150, 50.7 %; 95 %CI 42.4-58.9). Routine colonoscopy detected adenomas in two patients that were missed by the AI system.The AI system performance was comparable to that of experienced endoscopists during real-time colonoscopy with similar high ADR (> 50 %).
Cognitive, Brain and Intracranial Artery Involvement in Beta Thalassemia
Authors: Immacolata Tartaglione, Silverio Perrotta, Martina Caiazza, Maddalena Casale, Rosanna Di Concilio, Angela Ciancio, Elisa De Michele, Giovanni Amendola, Paolo Gritti, Pasquale Alessandro Carafa, Teresa Ferrantino, Antonella Centanni, Noemi Ippolito, Violetta Caserta, Tiziana Oliveto, Ilaria Granato, Gianluca Femina, Fabrizio Esposito, Sara Ponticorvo, Andrea Russo, Camilla Russo, Mario Cirillo, Andrea Elefante, Renzo Manara
Journal: Blood (2017)
Successful recanalization of complete bile duct obstruction using piercing technique under cholangioscopic guidance
Authors: Kei Yane, Hideyuki Ihara, Tetsuya Sumiyoshi, Mai Aoki, Masahiro Yoshida, Kotaro Morita, Hitoshi Kondo
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Bile duct strictures and obstructions after hepatectomy are significant complications. Endoscopic treatment is considered optimal because of its lesser invasiveness. However, complete obstruction is difficult to treat. We report the successful recanalization of complete bile duct obstruction using a piercing technique under cholangioscopic guidance.
Evolution of nanomedicines for the treatment of autoimmune disease: From vehicles for drug delivery to inducers of bystander immunoregulation
Authors: Yang Yang, Pere Santamaria
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2021)

Over the last two decades, the nanomedicine field has witnessed an explosive growth of research on the development of nanoparticle/microparticle (NP/MP)-based compounds for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Studies have evaluated compounds generated with a broad range of materials with different shapes, sizes, surface chemistries and structures. A number of active pharmaceutical ingredients, including immunosuppressants, cytokines, nucleotides, peptides, proteins and immunomodulators of various types have been encapsulated into or incorporated onto the surface of these compounds, either individually or in combination, and delivered to animal models of autoimmune inflammation via different administration routes. These NP/MP-based compounds can be categorized into four different groups based on their intended mechanisms of action. Here, we review the engineering designs, the pharmacodynamic and therapeutic correlates and the disease specificity of nanomedicines belonging to each of these groups.
A GPC2 antibody-drug conjugate is efficacious against neuroblastoma and small-cell lung cancer via binding a conformational epitope
Authors: Swetha Raman, Samantha N. Buongervino, Maria V. Lane, Doncho V. Zhelev, Zhongyu Zhu, Hong Cui, Benjamin Martinez, Daniel Martinez, Yanping Wang, Kristen Upton, Khushbu Patel, Komal S. Rathi, Carmen T. Navia, Daniel B. Harmon, Yimei Li, Bruce Pawel, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, John M. Maris, Jean-Philippe Julien, Kristopher R. Bosse
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)
Acupuncture for Cancer Survivors—Reply
Authors: Jun J. Mao, Raymond E. Baser, Katherine S. Panageas
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

In Reply We thank Vishnu K et al and Oura et al for their comments on our article on the effectiveness of electroacupuncture or auricular acupuncture vs usual care for chronic musculoskeletal pain among cancer survivors.1
Inhibition of TGFβ1 accelerates regeneration of fibrotic rat liver elicited by a novel two-staged hepatectomy
Authors: Bo Zhang, Fanzheng Meng, Yao Liu, Yubin Yuan, Jizhou Wang, Dehai Wu, Yifeng Cui, Shugeng Zhang, Hongrui Guo, Shuhang Liang, Wei Wang, Matthew Klos, Sherry Morgenstern, Yufeng Liu, Linmao Sun, Kun Ma, Xirui Liu, Yan Wang, Jihua Han, Guangchao Yang, Chenyang Zheng, Xianying Li, Shuo Zhou, Changyong Ji, Qingquan Bai, Jiabei Wang, Lianxin Liu
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Aims: Emerging evidence is demonstrating that rapid regeneration of remnant liver elicited by associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) may be attenuated in fibrotic livers. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this process are largely unknown. It is widely acknowledged that the TGFβ1 signaling axis plays a major role in liver fibrosis. Therefore, the aims of this study were to elucidate the underlying mechanism of liver regeneration during ALPPS with or without fibrosis, specifically focusing on TGFβ1 signaling. Approach: ALPPS was performed in rat models with N-diethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis and no fibrosis. Functional liver remnant regeneration and expression of TGFβ1 were analyzed during the ALPPS procedures. Adeno-associated virus-shTGFβ1 and the small molecule inhibitor LY2157299 (galunisertib) were used separately or in combination to inhibit TGFβ1 signaling in fibrotic rats. Results: Liver regeneration following ALPPS was lower in fibrotic rats than non-fibrotic rats. TGFβ1 was a key mediator of postoperative regeneration in fibrotic liver. Interestingly, AAV-shTGFβ1 accelerated the regeneration of fibrotic functional liver remnant and improved fibrosis, while LY2157299 only enhanced liver regeneration. Moreover, combination treatment elicited a stronger effect. Conclusions: Inhibition of TGFβ1 accelerated regeneration of fibrotic liver, ameliorated liver fibrosis, and improved liver function following ALPPS. Therefore, TGFβ1 is a promising therapeutic target in ALPPS to improve fibrotic liver reserve function and prognosis.
Inhibition of the unfolded protein response reduces arrhythmia risk after myocardial infarction
Authors: Man Liu, Hong Liu, Preethy Parthiban, Gyeoung-Jin Kang, Guangbin Shi, Feng Feng, Anyu Zhou, Lianzhi Gu, Courtney Karnopp, Elena G. Tolkacheva, Samuel C. Dudley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Ischemic cardiomyopathy is associated with an increased risk of sudden death, activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and reductions in multiple cardiac ion channels. When activated, the protein kinase–like ER kinase (PERK) branch of the UPR reduces protein translation and abundance. We hypothesized that PERK inhibition could prevent ion channel downregulation and reduce arrhythmia risk after myocardial infarct (MI). MI induced in mice by coronary artery ligation resulted in reduced ion channel levels, ventricular tachycardia (VT), and prolonged corrected intervals between the Q and T waves on the ECGs (QTc). Protein levels of major cardiac ion channels were decreased. MI cardiomyocytes showed significantly prolonged action potential duration and decreased maximum upstroke velocity. Cardiac-specific PERK KO reduced electrical remodeling in response to MI, with shortened QTc intervals, fewer VT episodes, and higher survival rates. Pharmacological PERK inhibition had similar effects. In conclusion, we found that activated PERK during MI contributed to arrhythmia risk by the downregulation of select cardiac ion channels. PERK inhibition prevented these changes and reduced arrhythmia risk. These results suggest that ion channel downregulation during MI is a fundamental arrhythmia mechanism and that maintenance of ion channel levels is antiarrhythmic.
Combined cCTA and TAVR Planning for Ruling Out Significant CAD
Authors: Robin F. Gohmann, Konrad Pawelka, Patrick Seitz, Nicolas Majunke, Linda Heiser, Katharina Renatus, Steffen Desch, Philipp Lauten, David Holzhey, Thilo Noack, Johannes Wilde, Philipp Kiefer, Christian Krieghoff, Christian Lücke, Sebastian Gottschling, Sebastian Ebel, Michael A. Borger, Holger Thiele, Christoph Panknin, Matthias Horn, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Matthias Gutberlet
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2021)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the ability of machine-learning (ML)-based computed tomography (CT)-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) to further improve the diagnostic performance of coronary CT angiography (cCTA) for ruling out significant coronary artery disease (CAD) during pre-transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) evaluation in patients with a high pre-test probability for CAD.CAD is a frequent comorbidity in patients undergoing TAVR. Current guidelines recommend its assessment before TAVR. If significant CAD can be excluded on cCTA, invasive coronary angiography (ICA) may be avoided. Although cCTA is a very sensitive test, it is limited by relatively low specificity and positive predictive value, particularly in high-risk patients.Overall, 460 patients (age 79.6 ± 7.4 years) undergoing pre-TAVR CT were included and examined with an electrocardiogram-gated CT scan of the heart and high-pitch scan of the vascular access route. Images were evaluated for significant CAD. Patients routinely underwent ICA (388/460), which was omitted at the discretion of the local Heart Team if CAD could be effectively ruled out on cCTA (72/460). CT examinations in which CAD could not be ruled out (CAD+) (n = 272) underwent additional ML-based CT-FFR.ML-based CT-FFR was successfully performed in 79.4% (216/272) of all CAD+ patients and correctly reclassified 17 patients as CAD negative. CT-FFR was not feasible in 20.6% because of reduced image quality (37/56) or anatomic variants (19/56). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 94.9%, 52.0%, 52.2%, and 94.9%, respectively. The additional evaluation with ML-based CT-FFR increased accuracy by Δ+3.4% (CAD+: Δ+6.0%) and raised the total number of examinations negative for CAD to 43.9% (202/460).ML-based CT-FFR may further improve the diagnostic performance of cCTA by correctly reclassifying a considerable proportion of patients with morphological signs of obstructive CAD on cCTA during pre-TAVR evaluation. Thereby, CT-FFR has the potential to further reduce the need for ICA in this challenging elderly group of patients before TAVR.
Comment on Albogami et al. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease Exacerbations Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021;44:1344–1352
Authors: Dinah Foer, Katherine N. Cahill
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

We read with interest the article by Albogami et al. (1) on the association of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and respiratory exacerbations among patients with asthma and/or chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD). In particular, the main conclusion that GLP-1RA initiation may be associated with a subsequent decrease in respiratory exacerbations echoes our findings recently published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2). Using electronic health records (EHR) of patients with asthma and comorbid type 2 diabetes, we found new initiators of GLP-1RAs had fewer asthma exacerbations than initiators of alternative step-up diabetes therapies in the 6 months following drug initiation. Albogami et al. extend these findings (compared to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and sulfonylureas) to 12 months of follow-up and additionally examine a COPD population, …
P-168 Differences in coping strategies used by colorectal vs. non-colorectal cancer patients: Data from the Neoetic-SEOM study
Authors: V. Pacheco-Barcia, R. Hernandez Sangil, A. Fernández Montes, P. Cruz Castellanos, A. Castillo Trujillo, J. Rogado, M. Antoñanzas, M. Gil Raga, A. Manzano, H. Asensio, D. Lorente, B. Obispo, L. Ostios, M. López de Ceballos, M. Valero Arbizu, M. García Carrasco, J. Maria Cano, N. Piera, A. Carmona-Bayonas, T. García, C. Calderón
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Coffee Consumption and Incident Tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Eun-jeong Kim, Thomas J. Hoffmann, Gregory Nah, Eric Vittinghoff, Francesca Delling, Gregory M. Marcus
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

The notion that caffeine increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias is common. However, evidence that the consumption of caffeinated products increases the risk of arrhythmias remains poorly substantiated.
The Impact of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on Cardiac Prognosis in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Takahashi Tetsuya, Watanabe Tetsu, Shishido Tetsuro, Sugai Takayuki, Toshima Taku, Kinoshita Daisuke, Yokoyama Miyuki, Nishiyama Satoshi, Takahashi Hiroki, Arimoto Takanori, Miyamoto Takuya, Kubota Isao
Journal: Circulation (2016)
O3-4 Etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin with mitotane in metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma in the National Cancer Center
Authors: Masaki Uchihara, Maki Tanioka, Yuki Kojima, Aya Konno, Yohei Chiba, Toshihiro Okuya, Tadaaki Nishikawa, Kazuki Sudo, Emi Noguchi, Tatsunori Shimoi, Akiko Maeshima, Kan Yonemori
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
High-dose AraC is essential for the treatment of ML-DS independent of postinduction MRD: results of the COG AAML1531 trial
Authors: Johann Hitzler, Todd Alonzo, Robert Gerbing, Amy Beckman, Betsy Hirsch, Susana Raimondi, Karen Chisholm, Shelton Viola, Lisa Brodersen, Michael Loken, Spencer Tong, Todd Druley, Maureen O’Brien, Nobuko Hijiya, Amy Heerema-McKenney, Yi-Chang Wang, Reuven Shore, Jeffrey Taub, Alan Gamis, E. Anders Kolb, Jason N. Berman
Journal: Blood (2021)
Ruxolitinib: Targeted Approach for Treatment of Autoinflammatory Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Sharmistha Rudra, Eliana Shaul, Maire Conrad, Trusha Patel, Astrela Moore, Noor Dawany, Megan C Canavan, Kathleen E Sullivan, Edward Behrens, Judith R Kelsen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
O12-2 Predictive role of tumor location in 1st-line treatment of colorectal cancer: A multicenter retrospective study of JSCCR
Authors: Takahiko Ito, Atsuo Takashima, Hiromitsu Shirasu, Hiroki Yukami, Hiroyuki Uetake, Masahiro Tsuda, Takeshi Sudo, Toshikazu Moriwaki, Naotoshi Sugimoto, Hitoshi Ojima, Yasumasa Takii, Hisateru Yasui, Taito Esaki, Akihito Tsuji, Masahiro Goto, Masayuki Saruta, Satoshi Otsu, Katsunori Shinozaki, Kengo Nagashima, Yasuhiro Shimada
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
The use of a next-generation sequencing-derived machine-learning risk-prediction model (OncoCast-MPM) for malignant pleural mesothelioma: a retrospective study
Authors: Marjorie G Zauderer, Axel Martin, Jacklynn Egger, Hira Rizvi, Michael Offin, Andreas Rimner, Prasad S Adusumilli, Valerie W Rusch, Mark G Kris, Jennifer L Sauter, Marc Ladanyi, Ronglai Shen
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2021)

Current risk stratification for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma based on disease stage and histology is inadequate. For some individuals with early-stage epithelioid tumours, a good prognosis by current guidelines can progress rapidly; for others with advanced sarcomatoid cancers, a poor prognosis can progress slowly. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate a machine-learning tool-known as OncoCast-MPM-that could create a model for patient prognosis.
Dysbiotic microbiota interactions in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Esther Caparrós, Reiner Wiest, Michael Scharl, Gerhard Rogler, Ana Gutiérrez Casbas, Bahtiyar Yilmaz, Marcin Wawrzyniak, Rubén Francés
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by transmural inflammation along the alimentary tract. Changes in the microbial composition and reduction in species diversity are recognized as pivotal hallmarks in disease dynamics, challenging the gut barrier function and shaping a pathological immune response in genetically influenced subjects. The purpose of this review is to delve into the modification of the gut microbiota cluster network during CD progression and to discuss how this shift compromises the gut barrier integrity, granting the translocation of microbes and their products. We then complete the scope of the review by retracing gut microbiota dysbiosis interactions with the main pathophysiologic factors of CD, starting from the host’s genetic background to the immune inflammatory and fibrotic processes, providing a standpoint on the lifestyle/exogenous factors and the potential benefits of targeting a specific gut microbiota.
Treatment with Low-Dose Daunorubicin Reduces the Number of Leukemia Stem Cells in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Tara L. Lin, John M. Perry, Xi He, Raymond P. Perez, Gregory Reed, Margaret M. Brophy, Na Zhang, Scott Weir, Joseph P. McGuirk, Linheng Li
Journal: Blood (2017)
Host Gasdermin D restrains systemic endotoxemia by capturing Proteobacteria in the colon of high-fat diet-feeding mice
Authors: Yujie Shi, Yixin Zou, Yonghong Xiong, Shiyao Zhang, Mingming Song, Xiaofei An, Chang Liu, Wenxiang Zhang, Siyu Chen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Gasdermin D (GSDMD) functions as a key pyroptotic executor through its secreted N-terminal domain (GSDMD-N). However, the functional relevance and mechanistic basis of the precise roles of host colonic GSDMD in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced gut dysbiosis and systemic endotoxemia remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that HFD feeding triggers GSDMD-N secretion of both T-lymphocytes and enterocytes in mouse colons. GSDMD deficiency aggravates HFD-induced systemic endotoxemia, gut barrier impairment, and colonic inflammation. More importantly, active GSDMD-N kills the Proteobacteria phylum via directly interacting with Cardiolipin. Mechanistically, we identify that the Glu236 (a known residue for GSDMD protein cleavage) is a bona fide important site for the bacterial recognition of GSDMD. Collectively, our findings explain the mechanism by which colonic GSDMD-N maintains low levels of HFD-induced metabolic endotoxemia. A GSDMD-N mimetic containing an exposed Glu236 site could be an attractive strategy for the treatment of HFD-induced metabolic endotoxemia.