tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Geospatial Transmission Hotspots of Recent HIV Infection — Malawi, October 2019–March 2020
Authors: Carson T. Telford, Zaena Tessema, Malango Msukwa, Melissa M. Arons, Joe Theu, Fred Fredrick Bangara, Alexandra Ernst, Susie Welty, Gabrielle O’Malley, Trudy Dobbs, Vedapuri Shanmugam, Alinune Kabaghe, Helen Dale, Nellie Wadonda-Kabondo, Salem Gugsa, Andrea Kim, George Bello, Jeffrey W. Eaton, Andreas Jahn, Rose Nyirenda, Bharat S. Parekh, Ray W. Shiraishi, Evelyn Kim, James L. Tobias, Kathryn G. Curran, Danielle Payne, Andrew F. Auld
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

Persons infected with HIV are more likely to transmit the virus during the early stages (acute and recent) of infection, when viral load is elevated and opportunities to implement risk reduction are limited because persons are typically unaware of their status (1,2). Identifying recent HIV infections (acquired within the preceding 12 months)* is critical to understanding the factors and geographic areas associated with transmission to strengthen program intervention, including treatment and prevention (2). During June 2019, a novel recent infection surveillance initiative was integrated into routine HIV testing services in Malawi, a landlocked country in southeastern Africa with one of the world's highest prevalences of HIV infection.† The objectives of this initiative were to collect data on new HIV diagnoses, characterize the epidemic, and guide public health response (2). New HIV diagnoses were classified as recent infections based on a testing algorithm that included results from the rapid test for recent infection (RTRI)§ and HIV viral load testing (3,4). Among 9,168 persons aged ≥15 years with a new HIV diagnosis who received testing across 103 facilities during October 2019-March 2020, a total of 304 (3.3%) were classified as having a recent infection. Higher proportions of recent infections were detected among females, persons aged <30 years, and clients at maternal and child health and youth clinics. Using a software application that analyzes clustering in spatially referenced data, transmission hotspots were identified with rates of recent infection that were significantly higher than expected. These near real-time HIV surveillance data highlighted locations across Malawi, allowing HIV program stakeholders to assess program gaps and improve access to HIV testing, prevention, and treatment services. Hotspot investigation information could be used to tailor HIV testing, prevention, and treatment to ultimately interrupt transmission.
SERAC1 is a component of the mitochondrial serine transporter complex required for the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Hezhi Fang, Anran Xie, Miaomiao Du, Xueyun Li, Kaiqiang Yang, Yinxu Fu, Xiangshu Yuan, Runxiao Fan, Weidong Yu, Zhuohua Zhou, Tiantian Sang, Ke Nie, Jin Li, Qiongya Zhao, Zhehui Chen, Yanling Yang, Chaoyang Hong, Jianxin Lyu
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

SERAC1 deficiency is associated with the mitochondrial 3-methylglutaconic aciduria with deafness, (hepatopathy), encephalopathy, and Leigh-like disease [MEGD(H)EL] syndrome, but the role of SERAC1 in mitochondrial physiology remains unknown. Here, we generated Serac1 −/− mice that mimic the major diagnostic clinical and biochemical phenotypes of the MEGD(H)EL syndrome. We found that SERAC1 localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane and is a protein component of the one-carbon cycle. By interacting with the mitochondrial serine transporter protein SFXN1, SERAC1 facilitated and was required for SFXN1-mediated serine transport from the cytosol to the mitochondria. Loss of SERAC1 impaired the one-carbon cycle and disrupted the balance of the nucleotide pool, which led to primary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion in mice, HEK293T cells, and patient-derived immortalized lymphocyte cells due to insufficient supply of nucleotides. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo supplementation of nucleosides/nucleotides restored mtDNA content and mitochondrial function. Collectively, our findings suggest that MEGD(H)EL syndrome shares both clinical and molecular features with the mtDNA depletion syndrome, and nucleotide supplementation may be an effective therapeutic strategy for MEGD(H)EL syndrome.
Microbial resistance to nanotechnologies: An important but understudied consideration using antimicrobial nanotechnologies in orthopaedic implants
Authors: Zhuoran Wu, Brian Chan, Jessalyn Low, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Hwee Weng Dennis Hey, Andy Tay
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Microbial resistance to current antibiotics therapies is a major cause of implant failure and adverse clinical outcomes in orthopaedic surgery. Recent developments in advanced antimicrobial nanotechnologies provide numerous opportunities to effective remove resistant bacteria and prevent resistance from occurring through unique mechanisms. With tunable physicochemical properties, nanomaterials can be designed to be bactericidal, antifouling, immunomodulating, and capable of delivering antibacterial compounds to the infection region with spatiotemporal accuracy. Despite its substantial advancement, an important, but under-explored area, is potential microbial resistance to nanomaterials and how this can impact the clinical use of antimicrobial nanotechnologies. This review aims to provide a better understanding of nanomaterial-associated microbial resistance to accelerate bench-to-bedside translations of emerging nanotechnologies for effective control of implant associated infections.
Pulmonary Oedema
Authors: G. R. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1948)

I have gathered together a fairly large series of the special cases, and have recorded the frequency with which exten- sive oedema of the lungs was found at necropsy.I might say that only two pathologists were concerned in the exam- inationand that microscopy confirmed the diagnosis in every instance.I think it will be agreed that cardiovascular disease, especially hypertensive forms, is a potent factor, but no less striking is the association between central ner- vous disturbance and oedema of the lungs.These conclu- sions are in agreement with recorded experience; they represent the starting-point of much experimental work, which is still yielding a bountiful harvest of ideas.To these observations of everyday practice must be added many from the more specialized fields of toxicology, industrial 4559 -g
Blood based biomarkers as non-invasive screening tools for hepatic fibrosis in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Angeliki Meritsi, Dimitra Latsou, Ioannis Tsorlalis, Marina Noutsou, Emanuel Manesis, Ilias Gatos, Ioannis Theotokas, Pavlos Zoumpoulis, Stamatia Rapti, Eustathios Tsitsopoulos, Hariklia Moshoyianni, Spilios Manolakopoulos, Dimitrios Pektasides, Anastasia Thanopoulou
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine is not linked to diabetes
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine is not linked to diabetes Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes remain unknown.It has been speculated that some vaccines might trigger it, although data are lacking.On p 1169 Karvonen et al describe their findings from a nationwide randomised study on the association between Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination and type 1 diabetes in Finland, which has the highest incidence of type 1 diabetes.The risk of type 1 diabetes during the first 10 years of life was similar in children vaccinated with H influenzae type b at 3 months and those immunised at 24 months only.Moreover, the incidence of the disease in the immunised children was no different from that in those children born during the two years before the start of the vaccination programme.It is unlikely that H influenzae vaccination causes type 1 diabetes in children.
Minor Ailments of the Feet--I
Authors: N. C. Lake
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Despite the great modern-day use of mechanical trans- port, or possibly because of it, minor ailments of the feet seem to be increasingly encountered in medical prac- tice, so that the doctor is often asked to give advice upon and to treat such conditions.Unfortunately there are a large number of foot troubles, and I shall .dealonly with the commoner ones.Corns
Treatment of Irrecoverable Paralysis after Poliomyelitis -- I
Authors: H. J. Seddon
Journal: BMJ (1940)

The treatment of poliomyelitis during the stage of recovery, although technically difficult, is easy to under- stand.But the treatment of permanent paralysis does not at first sight appear to be governed by any clearly defined principles.There is, indeed, a certain air of mystery-about it which orthopaedic surgeons have made little attempt to dispel.As one of them said in a recently published textbook, " No definite rules as to the procedure can be given, and each case must be dealt with according to the condition found."The second part of this statement is, one would hope, a general principle in therapeutics; and as to the first, I hope to show that certain definite rules can in fact be given.Few people would disallow that the treatment of residual paralysis is the province of the orthopaedic surgeon, but an understanding of the underlying principles is of some importance in general practice.
Current Developments and Challenges of mRNA Vaccines
Authors: Jinjin Chen, Jianzhu Chen, Qiaobing Xu
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2022)

mRNA vaccines have brought about a great revolution in the vaccine fields owing to their simplicity and adaptability in antigen design, potential to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and demonstrated high efficacy, and rapid and low-cost production by using the same manufacturing platform for different mRNA vaccines. Multiple mRNA vaccines have been investigated for both infectious diseases and cancers, showing significant superiority to other types of vaccines. Although great success of mRNA vaccines has been achieved in the control of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there are still multiple challenges for the future development of mRNA vaccines. In this review, the most recent developments of mRNA vaccines against both infectious diseases and cancers are summarized for an overview of this field. Moreover, the challenges are also discussed on the basis of these developments.
Influence of Amino Acids on Iron Absorption
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TYPHOID FEVER IN CHICAGO.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The COVID Heart—One Year After SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Patients Have an Array of Increased Cardiovascular Risks
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Riccardo M. Inciardi, MD; Laura Lupi, MD; Gregorio Zaccone, MD; Leonardo Italia, MD; Michela Raffo, MD; Daniela Tomasoni, MD; Dario S. Cani, MD; Manuel Cerini, MD; Davide Farina, MD; Emanuele Gavazzi, MD; Roberto Maroldi, MD; Marianna Adamo, MD; Enrico Ammirati, MD, PhD; Gianfranco Sinagra, MD; Carlo M. Lombardi, MD; Marco Metra, MD
Vaccination against measles: clinical trial of live measles vaccine given alone and live vaccine preceded by killed vaccine. Second report to the medical research council by the measles vaccines committee.
Authors: D Evans, W Gaisford, C Stuart-Harris, J Stevenson, K Mccarthy, C Miller, T Pollock, Ian Sutherland, E Conybeare, G Watson, Graham Wilson, F Perkins, J Briscoe-Smith, J Brown, A Cameron, W Cormack, E Cran, London County Coun- Cil, R Davies, R Elliott, J Epsom, T Mcl, West Galloway, J Sussex, G Griffin, E Grundy, W Harding, A Hutchison, W Hyde, S King, J Lewis, R Lindon, Logan Csouthend, A Mcgregor, L Matheson, C Metcalfe Brown, A Mower-White, A Nelson, H Oldershaw, London County Council, J Patton, G Payne, W Phillips, P Roads, I Seppelt, A Stewart, A Thrower, F Waldron, H Wallace, J Warin, M Watkins, R Watton, J Weir, G Wigley
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In the autumn of 1964 a large-scale trial of measles vaccines was begun in Britain under the auspices of the Medical Research Council's Measles Vaccines Committee.The trial was planned to assess the value of the vaccines for general use, and special attention was therefore paid to the degree and frequency of reactions occurring after vaccination and the ability of the vaccines to protect against measles.A preliminary report of this trial covering the six months after vaccination has already been published (Medical Research Council, 1966) and gives details of its general plan.The trial was arranged in 32 areas and more than 36,000 children, in the susceptible age group of 10 months to 2 years, took part.Two immunization procedures were investigated-a single dose of killed vaccine followed one month later by live vaccine, and live vaccine alone.The killed vaccine was prepared by Pfizer Limited from the Enders-Edmonston B strain, and the live vaccine by Glaxo Laboratories Limited from the Schwarz strain.The children were allocated by an effectively random process to the three groups: (a) killed/live vaccine (b) live vaccine, and (c) no vaccine.The three groups were shown to be similar in various characteristics relevant to the risk of ex-
The proteogenomic subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ashok Kumar Jayavelu, Sebastian Wolf, Florian Buettner, Gabriela Alexe, Björn Häupl, Federico Comoglio, Constanze Schneider, Carmen Doebele, Dominik C. Fuhrmann, Sebastian Wagner, Elisa Donato, Carolin Andresen, Anne C. Wilke, Alena Zindel, Dominique Jahn, Bianca Splettstoesser, Uwe Plessmann, Silvia Münch, Khali Abou-El-Ardat, Philipp Makowka, Fabian Acker, Julius C. Enssle, Anjali Cremer, Frank Schnütgen, Nina Kurrle, Björn Chapuy, Jens Löber, Sylvia Hartmann, Peter J. Wild, Ilka Wittig, Daniel Hübschmann, Lars Kaderali, Jürgen Cox, Bernhard Brüne, Christoph Röllig, Christian Thiede, Björn Steffen, Martin Bornhäuser, Andreas Trumpp, Henning Urlaub, Kimberly Stegmaier, Hubert Serve, Matthias Mann, Thomas Oellerich
Journal: Cancer Cell (2022)
Generalized Micropapular Eruption in a Teenager
Authors: Eduardo Rozas-Muñoz, Fernando Terrasa-Sagrista, Juan-Francisco Mir-Bonafé
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

A teenaged boy presented with a 1-year history of asymptomatic cutaneous lesions on the face that had spread to the trunk and extremities; he also had asthenia and mild intermittent arthralgias. What is your diagnosis?
Retropharyngeal soft-tissue swelling in an elderly man
Authors: R. D. Yang
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>History</h3> One week prior to hospitalization, a 78-year-old man experienced the insidious onset of anterior neck pain, sore throat, dysphagia, hoarseness, headache, and scalp pain. Generalized weakness, confusion, and an unsteady gait prompted his presentation. Prednisone (20 mg daily) had been prescribed three months earlier for refractory anemia without excessive normoblasts. Physical examination on admission revealed a diaphoretic, toxic-appearing elderly man with a temperature of 39.6 °C, a pulse rate of 128 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 34/min, and a blood pressure of 136/86 mm Hg. The patient resisted passive flexion of the neck. The thyroid gland was asymmetrically enlarged, with predominance of the right lobe, and was nonfluctuant and exquisitely tender. The teeth were severely carious. Hyperdynamic circulation and an apical systolic heart murmur were present. The patient had no splenomegaly or palpable lymphadenopathy. The remainder of the results of the physical examination were normal. The findings
Viewing the Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Authors: Mearl Stanton, Vivianj Heston, Peter Vogt
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1972)

California) considers RNAtumor viruses, their defective mutants, the omnipresence of RNAtumor virus genomes and their reassortment in the design and interpretation of oncogenic experiments.He postulates three genetic characteristics of an RNAtumor virus: 1) Defective particles lacking a seg ment of the total genome should arise spontaneously during replication of the virus.2) In double infections with
Prospective trial of operative versus non-operative treatment of severe vesicoureteric reflux: two years' observation in 96 children.
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Children with severe vesicoureteric reflux were allocated at random within three age groups (less than 1, 1-5, and greater than or equal to 6 years) to either operative or non-operative treatment. In 96 children who completed two years' observation there was no significant difference between treatment groups in either the incidence of breakthrough urinary tract infection, slope clearance of 51Cr-edetic acid, renal length, new scar formation, or progression of existing scars. Ureteric reimplantation was technically successful in 97% of cases, whereas 74% of ureters managed non-operatively still showed significant reflux at two years. No short term advantage was shown for either form of treatment in this series, but the long term effects of persistent, severe vesicoureteric reflux require further study. The prevention of reflux nephropathy probably demands the identification of vesicoureteric reflux before the advent of urinary tract infection, a goal not attainable with present invasive techniques.
Cabozantinib for Treatment of Brain Metastases in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Binghao Zhao, Wenbin Ma
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Drug and Reference Errors
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Agranulocytosis associated with Maloprim.
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Agranulocytosis associated with MaloprimSIR,-The report by Dr G Friman and others (16 April, p 244) of the association of agranulocytosis with malaria prophylaxis using Malo- prim (dapsone 100 mg and pyrimethamine 12 5 mg) prompts us to record a similar case.A 52 year old English woman, who had previously been in good health, was referred to us by Dr D Gorst of Lancaster Royal Infirmary.She presented with a four day history of sore throat, fever, and headache, developing 10 days after her return from South Africa.While there she had been well but had taken Maloprim, one tablet twice weekly, during her six week stay, continuing with the same dose on her return.She had taken no other drugs.Full blood count showed a haemo- globin concentration of 11-2 g/dl, a platelet count of 395 x 109/1, and a white blood cell count of 0-9X 109/1.Bone marrow aspirate showed a total absence of granulopoietic cells with normal erythropoiesis, increased megakaryocytes, and increased plasma cells (450/).She died two weeks later of overwhelming septicaemia.Pseudomonas sp was cultured from the blood on three separate occasions.
Neratinib Graduates to I-SPY 3
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Abstract In the phase II I-SPY 2 trial, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor neratinib produced a significantly improved pathological complete response in the breast and lymph nodes at the time of surgery compared with a control group (55% vs. 32%) in women with HER2+/HR− breast cancer. The drug will move on to phase III testing.