tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS - A SINGLE CENTER RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Jennifer Kwan, Narjes Akhlaghi, Matthew Jiang, Miles Shen, Yunju Im, Michael Mankbadi, Peter Wang, Saif Zaman, Seohyuk Lee, Weiwei Tao, Wei Wei, Shuangge Ma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Predictive structured–unstructured interactions in EHR models: A case study of suicide prediction
Authors: Ilkin Bayramli, Victor Castro, Yuval Barak-Corren, Emily M. Madsen, Matthew K. Nock, Jordan W. Smoller, Ben Y. Reis
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

Clinical risk prediction models powered by electronic health records (EHRs) are becoming increasingly widespread in clinical practice. With suicide-related mortality rates rising in recent years, it is becoming increasingly urgent to understand, predict, and prevent suicidal behavior. Here, we compare the predictive value of structured and unstructured EHR data for predicting suicide risk. We find that Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC) and Random Forest (RF) models trained on structured EHR data perform better than those based on unstructured EHR data. An NBC model trained on both structured and unstructured data yields similar performance (AUC = 0.743) to an NBC model trained on structured data alone (0.742, p = 0.668), while an RF model trained on both data types yields significantly better results (AUC = 0.903) than an RF model trained on structured data alone (0.887, p < 0.001), likely due to the RF model's ability to capture interactions between the two data types. To investigate these interactions, we propose and implement a general framework for identifying specific structured-unstructured feature pairs whose interactions differ between case and non-case cohorts, and thus have the potential to improve predictive performance and increase understanding of clinical risk. We find that such feature pairs tend to capture heterogeneous pairs of general concepts, rather than homogeneous pairs of specific concepts. These findings and this framework can be used to improve current and future EHR-based clinical modeling efforts.
Autophagy Is Differentially Regulated in Leukocyte and Nonleukocyte Foam Cells During Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sabrina Robichaud, Adil Rasheed, Antonietta Pietrangelo, Anne Doyoung Kim, Dominique M. Boucher, Christina Emerton, Viyashini Vijithakumar, Lara Gharibeh, Garrett Fairman, Esther Mak, My-Anh Nguyen, Michele Geoffrion, Robert Wirka, Katey J. Rayner, Mireille Ouimet
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

Atherosclerosis is characterized by an accumulation of foam cells within the arterial wall, resulting from excess cholesterol uptake and buildup of cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs). Autophagy promotes LD clearance by freeing stored cholesterol for efflux, a process that has been shown to be atheroprotective. While the role of autophagy in LD catabolism has been studied in macrophage-derived foam cells, this has remained unexplored in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-derived foam cells that constitute a large fraction of foam cells within atherosclerotic lesions.We performed a comparative analysis of autophagy flux in lipid-rich aortic intimal populations to determine whether VSMC-derived foam cells metabolize LDs similarly to their macrophage counterparts.Atherosclerosis was induced in GFP-LC3 (microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3) transgenic mice by PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9)-adeno-associated viral injection and Western diet feeding. Using flow cytometry of aortic digests, we observed a significant increase in dysfunctional autophagy of VSMC-derived foam cells during atherogenesis relative to macrophage-derived foam cells. Using cell culture models of lipid-loaded VSMCs and macrophages, we show that autophagy-mediated cholesterol efflux from VSMC foam cells was poor relative to macrophage foam cells, and largely occurs when HDL (high-density lipoprotein) was used as a cholesterol acceptor, as opposed to apoA-1 (apolipoproteinA-1). This was associated with the predominant expression of ABCG1 in VSMC foam cells. Using metformin, an autophagy activator, cholesterol efflux to HDL was significantly increased in VSMC, but not in macrophage, foam cells.These data demonstrate that VSMC and macrophage foam cells perform cholesterol efflux by distinct mechanisms, and that autophagy flux is highly impaired in VSMC foam cells, but can be induced by pharmacological means. Further investigation is warranted into targeting autophagy specifically in VSMC foam cells, the predominant foam cell subtype of advanced atherosclerotic plaques, to promote reverse cholesterol transport and resolution of the atherosclerotic plaque.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK IN ASIAN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS
Authors: Andie Hartanto Djohan, Lauren Kay Mance Evangelista, Ching Hui Sia, Weiqin Lin, Koo Hui Chan, Lim Yoke Ching, Mark Y Chan, Robin Cherian, Raymond Ching-Chiew Wong, Ronald Chi Hang Lee, Benjamin WL Tung, Zhe Yan Ng, Huay Cheem Tan, Tiong Cheng Yeo, Ping Chai, Adrian Low, Poay Huan Loh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Pathophysiological significance of increased α-synuclein deposition in sympathetic nerves in Parkinson’s disease: a post-mortem observational study
Authors: Risa Isonaka, Patti Sullivan, David S. Goldstein
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2022)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by intra-neuronal deposition of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) and by deficiencies of the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain and heart. Accumulation of α-syn in sympathetic noradrenergic nerves may provide a useful PD biomarker; however, whether α-syn buildup is pathophysiological has been unclear. If it were, one would expect associations of intra-neuronal α-syn deposition with catecholaminergic denervation and with decreased NE contents in the same samples. We assayed immunoreactive α-syn and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a marker of catecholaminergic innervation) concurrently with catecholamines in coded post-mortem scalp skin, submandibular gland (SMG), and apical left ventricular myocardial tissue samples from 14 patients with autopsy-proven PD and 12 age-matched control subjects who did not have a neurodegenerative disease. The PD group had increased α-syn in sympathetic noradrenergically innervated arrector pili muscles (5.7 times control, P < 0.0001), SMG (35 times control, P = 0.0011), and myocardium (11 times control, P = 0.0011). Myocardial TH in the PD group was decreased by 65% compared to the control group (P = 0.0008), whereas the groups did not differ in TH in either arrector pili muscles or SMG. Similarly, myocardial NE was decreased by 92% in the PD group (P < 0.0001), but the groups did not differ in NE in either scalp skin or SMG. PD entails increased α-syn in skin, SMG, and myocardial tissues. In skin and SMG, augmented α-syn deposition in sympathetic nerves does not seem to be pathogenic. The pathophysiological significance of intra-neuronal α-syn deposition appears to be organ-selective and prominent in the heart.
Performance of Xpert Ultra nasopharyngeal swab for identification of tuberculosis deaths in northern Tanzania
Authors: Cristina Costales, John A Crump, Alex R Mremi, Patrick T Amsi, Nathaniel H Kalengo, Kajiru G Kilonzo, Grace Kinabo, Bingileki F Lwezaula, Furaha Lyamuya, Annette Marandu, Ronald Mbwasi, Blandina T Mmbaga, Calvin Mosha, Manuela Carugati, Deng B Madut, Ann M Nelson, Michael J Maze, Eduard Matkovic, Sherif R Zaki, Venance P Maro, Matthew P Rubach
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
Comparison between mid-nasal swabs and buccal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in mild COVID-19 patients
Authors: Ignacio Blanco, Concepción Violán, Clara Suñer, Julio Garcia-Prieto, Maria José Argerich, Meritxell Rodriguez-Illana, Nemesio Moreno, Pere-Joan Cardona, Anna Blanco, Pere Torán-Monserrat, Bonaventura Clotet, Josep M Bonet, Nuria Prat
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Epstein-Barr virus as a driver of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ludvig M. Sollid
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

Accumulating evidence implicates Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as an etiological factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). If EBV is a "driver" that causes antiviral immunity with associated autoimmune components rather than a "trigger" that unleashes self-perpetuating autoimmunity, then elimination of EBV would be a rational therapy for MS.
ENDOVASCULAR VERSUS SURGICAL REVASCULARIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA
Authors: Monil M. Majmundar, Mahesh Anantha Narayanan, Ashish Kumar, Rajkumar Doshi, Harshvardhan Zala, Grant W. Reed, Deepak L. Bhatt, Ankur Kalra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Profile Comparison of Patient-Reported and Proxy-Reported Symptoms in Pediatric Patients With Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Meaghann S. Weaver, Shana S. Jacobs, Janice S. Withycombe, Jichuan Wang, Katie A. Greenzang, Justin N. Baker, Pamela S. Hinds
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> The variability in individual symptom and adverse event reporting between pediatric patient-reports and proxy-reports is widely reported. However, the question of whether symptom profiles based on reports from children with cancer and their caregivers are similar or disparate have not yet been studied. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare proxy symptom reports with patient self-reports to assess alignment. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A multicenter cohort study was conducted from October 2016 to December 2018 from data collected at 9 pediatric cancer centers. Participants were a convenience sample of family caregivers or proxies of children aged 7 to 18 years who had received disease-directed oncology treatment in the form of chemotherapy for at least 1 month. Data were analyzed identifying clusters of individuals (ie, latent profiles) based on various responses (ie, indicators) in August 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> The children of proxy participants received upfront chemotherapy. Children and proxies completed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) surveys at 2 time points: within 72 hours preceding treatment initiation and following the course of chemotherapy. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The latent profile analysis methods were applied to caregiver-proxy reports of PROMIS Pediatric symptom and function measures (anxiety, depressive symptoms, pain interference, fatigue, psychological stress, and physical function–mobility). The instrument categorized respondents as<i>high symptom suffering</i>,<i>medium symptom suffering</i>, and<i>low symptom suffering</i>(hereafter, high, medium, and low symptom groups, respectively). <h3>Results</h3> Of 580 approached proxies, 431 (368 [85.00%] were female) identified as legal guardians of children aged 7 to 18 years with a first cancer diagnosis (mean [SD] age, 13.03 [3.40] years; 235 [54.65%] were male). Proxy reports of children's experiences based on the 5 proxy PROMIS measures comprised 3 distinct symptom profiles. The most common proxy assessments of children's experiences were the moderate symptom groups (45.7% [197 of 431]) and the low symptom groups profiles (40.1% [173 of 431]). A high symptom groups profile emerged which represented 14.2% (61 of 431) of proxy assessments. The number of profiles and observed distribution of profile membership was similar between child and proxy reports. Proxy reports of individual symptoms generally recorded higher scores than child reports; however, no significant difference was observed between proxies and child profile model results for the PROMIS measures. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Results of this cohort study suggest that, at the level of symptom severity profile, proxy caregiver reports may approximate the children's reports and may serve as a guide to care when the child is not able to self-report.
PRONE POSITIONING IN AXILLARY INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMP COUNTERPULSATION: FIRSTIN-HUMAN CASE REPORT
Authors: Jose Sleiman, Yelenis Seijo De Armas, Alfredo Toll, Eduardo Javier Perez, Diana Miranda, Abdullah Sarkar, Alejandro Sanchez, Manojna Nimmagadda, Antonio Lewis, Stephanie Sleiman, Dipan Uppal, Andres Sanchez, Rene Aleman, Viviana Navas, Nicolas Brozzi, Jaime Hernandez-Montfort
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
A NOVEL USE OF VA-ECMO FOR RUPTURED APPENDICITIS IN A PATIENT WITH NON-COMPACTION CARDIOMYOPATHY AND SEVERE PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Evaline Cheng, Marwah Shahid, Razmik Ghukasyan, Andrew T. Young, Paul J. Schmit, Areti Tillou, Michael Shino, Rajan Saggar, Mario Deng, Ali Nsair, Peyman Benharash, Eric H. Yang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Tobacco Product Use Among Adults — United States, 2020
Authors: Monica E. Cornelius, Caitlin G. Loretan, Teresa W. Wang, Ahmed Jamal, David M. Homa
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

Although cigarette smoking has declined over the past several decades, a diverse landscape of combustible and noncombustible tobacco products has emerged in the United States (1-4). To assess recent national estimates of commercial tobacco product use among U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, CDC analyzed data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). In 2020, an estimated 47.1 million U.S. adults (19.0%) reported currently using any commercial tobacco product, including cigarettes (12.5%), e-cigarettes (3.7%), cigars (3.5%), smokeless tobacco (2.3%), and pipes* (1.1%).† From 2019 to 2020, the prevalence of overall tobacco product use, combustible tobacco product use, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and use of two or more tobacco products decreased. Among those who reported current tobacco product use, 79.6% reported using combustible products (e.g., cigarettes, cigars, or pipes), and 17.3% reported using two or more tobacco products.§ The prevalence of any current commercial tobacco product use was higher among the following groups: 1) men; 2) adults aged <65 years; 3) non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults and non-Hispanic adults categorized as of "Other" race¶; 4) adults in rural (nonmetropolitan) areas; 5) those whose highest level of educational attainment was a general educational development certificate (GED); 6) those with an annual household income <$35,000; 7) lesbian, gay, or bisexual adults; 8) uninsured adults or those with Medicaid; 9) adults living with a disability; and 10) those who regularly had feelings of anxiety or depression. Continued monitoring of tobacco product use and tailored strategies and policies that reduce the effects of inequitable conditions could aid in reducing disparities in tobacco use (1,4).
Inducers and Cardiovascular Risk—Potential Role for Lowered Drug Exposure—Reply
Authors: Colin B. Josephson, Mark R. Keezer, Samuel Wiebe
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

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Recurrent tuberculosis in the Netherlands – a 24-year follow-up study, 1993 to 2016
Authors: Connie Erkens, Betül Tekeli, Dick van Soolingen, Henrieke Schimmel, Suzanne Verver
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

BackgroundNot all treated tuberculosis (TB) patients achieve long-term recovery and reactivation rates reflect effectiveness of TB treatment.AimWe aimed to estimate rates and risk factors of TB reactivation and reinfection in patients treated in the Netherlands, after completed or interrupted treatment.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of TB patients with available DNA fingerprint data, registered in the Netherlands Tuberculosis register (NTR) between 1993 and 2016. Reactivation was defined as an identical, and reinfection as a non-identical Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain in sequential episodes.ResultsReactivation rate was 55/100,000 person-years (py) for patients who completed, and 318/100,000 py for patients who interrupted treatment. The risk of reactivation was highest in the first 5 years after treatment in both groups. The incidence rate of reactivation was 228/100,000 py in the first 2 years and 57/100,000 py 2-5 years after completed treatment. The overall rate of reinfection was 16/100,000 py. Among those who completed treatment, patients with male sex, mono or poly rifampicin-resistant TB and a previous TB episode had significantly higher risk of reactivation. Extrapulmonary TB was associated with a lower risk. Among patients who interrupted treatment, directly observed treatment (DOT) and being an undocumented migrant or people experiencing homelessness were associated with a higher risk of reactivation.ConclusionsBoth patients who completed or interrupted TB treatment should be considered as risk groups for reactivation for at least 2-5 years after treatment. They patients should be monitored and guidelines should be in place to enhance early detection of recurrent TB.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES OF YOUNG PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND NON-OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY LESIONS: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Marta Lorente Ros, Amisha Patel, Jose S. Aguilar-Gallardo, Francisco José Romeo, Esteban Lopez de Sa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
THE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN MODERATE RHEUMATIC MITRAL STENOSIS AND DEGENERATIVE MITRAL STENOSIS
Authors: Shunsuke Kagawa, Ken Kuwajima, Takafumi Yamane, Hiroko Hasegawa, Florian Rader, Robert J. Siegel, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Rewiring mitochondrial metabolism to counteract exhaustion of CAR-T cells
Authors: Yue Huang, Xiaohui Si, Mi Shao, Xinyi Teng, Gang Xiao, He Huang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

Short persistence and early exhaustion of T cells are major limits to the efficacy and broad application of immunotherapy. Exhausted T and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells upregulate expression of genes associated with terminated T cell differentiation, aerobic glycolysis and apoptosis. Among cell exhaustion characteristics, impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics are considered hallmarks. Here, we review the mitochondrial characteristics of exhausted T cells and particularly discuss different aspects of mitochondrial metabolism and plasticity. Furthermore, we propose a novel strategy of rewiring mitochondrial metabolism to emancipate T cells from exhaustion and of targeting mitochondrial plasticity to boost CAR-T cell therapy efficacy.
THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF CATHETER DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS AND MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE SUBMASSIVE PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: Seyed M. Zaidi, Alexa B. Kahn, Joshua Narh, Umida Burkhanova, Khaled Abaza, Hajira Basit, Nicholas Taklalsingh, Olayemi Adeniran, Greg Charles, Abdullah Khan, Ricardo Castillo, Hal L. Chadow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Abstract TF2-2: Heterogeneity in treatment outcomes for HER2+ breast cancer - Clinical management strategies
Authors: S Tolaney
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract HER2-positive breast cancers are complex tumors that are clinically and biologically heterogeneous. Even within HER2+ breast cancer, there are different molecular subtypes, mutational profiles, levels of HER2 protein, and immune infiltration. Additionally, HER2 may not be expressed homogeneously among all the cancer cells in the same tumor, some tumors may have low HER2 expression, while other tumors evolve during treatment. These molecular differences help explain why patients do not benefit to the same extent to HER2-directed therapies. We will review data regarding outcomes for tumors with known tumor heterogeneity, hormone receptor positivity, HER2-low positivity, and cases where brain metastases may be present. We will discuss optimal clinical management in the modern era with multiple HER2-directed therapies, including next-generation antibody-drug conjugates. Future strategies to tailor therapy to the individual patient will need to not just factor in anatomic tumor burden, but also key molecular features. Citation Format: S Tolaney. Heterogeneity in treatment outcomes for HER2+ breast cancer - Clinical management strategies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr TF2-2.
HSR22-156: Patient Perspectives on Progression-Free Survival and Quality of Life in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Shirley Mertz, Christine Benjamin, Charis Girvalaki, Antonella Cardone, Suepattra G. May, Paulina Gono, Kyi-Sin Than, Kelly Birch, Meaghan Roach, Sky Myers, Medha Sasane, Liat Lavi, Erin Comerford, Anna Cameron, Fatima Cardoso
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)
Tuberculosis — United States, 2021
Authors: Thomas D. Filardo, Pei-Jean Feng, Robert H. Pratt, Sandy F. Price, Julie L. Self
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

During 1993-2019, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States decreased steadily; however, during the later years of that period the annual rate of decline slowed (1) until 2020 when a substantial decline (19.9%) was observed. This sharp decrease in TB incidence might have been related to multiple factors coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, including delayed or missed TB diagnoses or a true reduction in TB incidence related to pandemic mitigation efforts and changes in immigration and travel (2). During 2021, a total of 7,860 TB cases were provisionally reported to CDC's National Tuberculosis Surveillance System (NTSS) by the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC). National incidence of reported TB (cases per 100,000 persons) rose 9.4% during 2021 (2.37) compared with that in 2020 (2.16) but remained 12.6% lower than the rate during 2019 (2.71).* During 2021, TB incidence increased among both U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born persons. The increased TB incidence observed during 2021 compared with 2020 might be partially explained by delayed diagnosis of cases in persons with symptom onset during 2020; however, the continued, substantial reduction from prepandemic levels raises concern for ongoing underdiagnosis. TB control and prevention services, including early diagnosis and complete treatment of TB and latent TB infection, should be maintained and TB awareness promoted to achieve elimination in the United States.
CONDUCTION SYSTEM PACING VERSUS BIVENTRICULAR PACING IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH MID-RANGE EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Jiaojiao Tang, Andrew D. Beaser, Zaid Aziz, Cevher Ozcan, Hemal M. Nayak, Roderick Tung, Gaurav A. Upadhyay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
AN ACTN4-ATF6B-HLA-DPA1 AXIS CONTROLS THE GENOMIC ARCHITECTURE OF SNP RS9277336 AND REGULATES ENDOTHELIAL PATHOPHENOTYPES IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Neha Hafeez, Anna Kirillova, Danli Jiang, Ting Wu, Gang Li, Wei Sun, Stephen Chan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)