tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16496: Longitudinal Outcomes After Implantation of a Subcutaneous or Transvenous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Older Patients: A Report From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry
Authors: Daniel J Friedman, Craig Parzynski, E. Kevin Heist, Andrea M Russo, Isuru Ranasinghe, Emily P Zeitler, Karl E Minges, Joseph Akar, James V Freeman, Jeptha P Curtis, Sana M Al-khatib
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The subcutaneous (S-) implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is an alternative to the transvenous (TV-) ICD that is increasingly implanted in younger patients. However, data on the safety and effectiveness of the S-ICD in older patients are lacking. Methods: We compared S-ICD and single chamber TV-ICD implants in Medicare beneficiaries (≥65yrs) using National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry data from 9/28/2012 through 12/31/2017. We excluded patients with prior pacemaker or ICD, an indication for pacing or resynchronization, and those undergoing implant in an acute setting. Mortality status was determined using the Medicare master summary beneficiary file. Cox regression analyses with overlap weights were used to compare all-cause mortality. Mean cumulative counts of all-cause readmissions were compared among for Fee for Service beneficiaries. Results: A total of 23,717 patients met inclusion criteria [mean age 72.7±5.8 years, 29% female, 69% ischemic heart disease, 33% atrial arrhythmias, 49% NYHA II, 31.7% NYHA III, ejection fraction (EF) 28±9%, 3% dialysis dependent, 20% with prior ventricular tachycardia]. Compared to TV-ICD patients (n=22,264), S-ICD patients (n=1,453, 6% overall) were more often male, black, diabetic, dialysis dependent and were less likely to have atrial or ventricular arrhythmias or ischemic heart disease. There was no difference in age or EF between the 2 groups. In adjusted analyses, during a median follow-up of 2.3 years (IQR: 1.2 - 3.5), there was no difference between the 2 groups in all-cause mortality (HR 1.04, CI 0.91-1.17, Figure A ) or readmissions (based on overlap of confidence intervals, Figure B ). Conclusions: In a large representative cohort of older patients undergoing ICD implant, all-cause mortality and readmission were similar among S-ICD and TV-ICD recipients. These findings support use of the S-ICD for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in appropriately selected older patients.
Post Transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) with Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG) As Gvhd Prophylaxis Is Effective in Haploidentical Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation and without Increasing Risk of Relapse
Authors: Ching Chan Lin, Tzu Ting Chen, Wen Jyi Lo, Ming Yu Lein, Ching Yun Hiseh, Chen Yuan Lin, Li-Yuan Bai, Chang-Fang Chiu, Che Hung Lin, Su-Peng Yeh
Journal: Blood (2017)
Original Article : Diagnostic value of cystatin C for predicting acute kidney injury in patients with Liver cirrhosis
Authors: Mi Yeon Chung, Dae Won Jun, Su Ah Sung
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2010)

Background/Aims: The present study aimed to determine the role of cystatin C as a prognostic factor for acute kidney injury and survival in cirrhotic patients. Methods: The study investigated 53 liver cirrhosis patients. The renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine, serum and urine cystatin C, and 24-hour creatinine clearance on admission. Acute kidney injury was defined as a serum creatinine level exceeding the normal range (>1.2 mg/dl) and an increase of at least 50% from the baseline value. Multivariate analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve, and survival analysis were used to investigate prognostic factors for acute kidney injury and survival. Results: Nine of the 53 cirrhotic patients (17.0%) developed acute kidney injury within 3 months. Both serum creatinine and cystatin C were predictive factors for acute kidney injury in univariate analysis, with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.735 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.525-0.945; p=0.028) for serum cystatin C and 0.698 (95% CI, 0.495-0.901, p=0.063) for creatinine. In multivariate analysis, only serum cystatin C was an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury. The sensitivity and specificity of a serum cystatin C level of >1.23 mg/L to acute kidney injury were 66% and 86%, respectively. Serum cystatin C was positively correlated with the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and MELD-Na scores (r=0.346 and p=0.011, and r=0.427 and p=0.001, respectively). Comparison of the survival rates over the observation period revealed that a serum cystatin C level of >1.23 mg/L was a useful marker for short-term mortality (p 1.23 mg/L than for the serum creatinine concentration in patients with cirrhosis. (Korean J Hepatol 2010;16:301-307)
Pulmonary Embolism Prevalence Among Hospitalized Patients With COPD
Authors: Alessandro N. Franciosi, Cormac McCarthy
Journal: JAMA (2021)

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The Effectiveness of a Proactive, Three-Level Strategy to Identify People With Prediabetes in a Large Workforce With Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance
Authors: William H. Herman, Kevin Joiner, Thomas Hurst, Laura N. McEwen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE Rates of diagnosis of prediabetes and uptake of the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) are low. We evaluated a proactive three-level strategy to identify individuals with prediabetes in a population with employer-sponsored health insurance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 64,131 insured employees, dependents, and retirees ≥18 years of age without diagnosed diabetes, 19,397 (30%) of whom were estimated to have prediabetes. Individuals with prediabetes were identified by 1) searching claims diagnoses and previously performed HbA1c test results, 2) risk stratifying people 40–64 years of age without diabetes, prediabetes, or documented normal HbA1c to identify individuals at higher risk and encourage them to be tested, and 3) using a media campaign to encourage employees not otherwise targeted to self-screen and, if at higher risk, to be tested. RESULTS Using claims and laboratory data, 11% of the population was identified as having prediabetes. Of those 40–64 years of age, 25% were identified as being at higher risk, and 27% of them were tested or diagnosed within 1 year. Of employees exposed to the media campaign, 14% were tested or diagnosed within 1 year. Individuals with prediabetes were older, heavier, and more likely to have hypertension and dyslipidemia. Testing and diagnosis were associated with receiving medical care and provider outreach. A total of 8,129 individuals, or 42% of those with prediabetes, were identified. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of existing health insurance data facilitated the identification of individuals with prediabetes. Better identification of people with prediabetes is a first step in increasing uptake of the NDPP.
Abstract 15143: Painless Epicardial Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Net System With Electric Conductive Fibers
Authors: Toshiaki Akita
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Current Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) needs high CD shock (35J), which is not tolerable under consciousness. Our multi-physics computer-simulation demonstrated extra-low energy defibrillation (0.36J)can be possible if sheet electrodes are arranged upper (base) and lower (apex) side of the heart. Hypothesis: We developed the epicardial ICD net electrodes system (Ep-ICD) made of upper and lower parts with fine conductive fibers. The objective of this study was to test whether Ep-ICD can stop ventricular fibrillation with painless level (&lt;0.7J) in large animal model. Methods: Ep-ICD was constructed by fine tungsten fibers using computer-assisted knitting machine (Shimaseiki Co., Japan). Middle part was knitted by polyester fibers. Upper and lower electrode nets were connected to RV and SVC coils of DF-1 lead (Medtronic), respectively. Five beagle dogs were used for this experiment. The Ep-ICD net was directly attached to the heart, and electrodes were connected to commercially available ICD system. DC discharges were controlled by telemetry controller. Vf was induced by attaching 9V battery onto the heart surface. Ten seconds after Vf induction, DC was delievered from minimal energy 0.4J (Medtronic Viva XT) or 0.1J (Boston Scientific Perciva). DC energy was gradually increased until defibrillation was accomplished. After 3 minutes of recovery, the ventricular fibrillation induction and defibrillation tests were repeated. Defibrillation threshold (DFT) was defined as 75% of success of defibrillation. To compare current ICD system, commercial ICD lead was inserted in one dog through internal juglar vein, and defibrillation test was conducted. Results: Defibrillation was accomplished by 0.1J~1J, All hearts recovered instantaneously to sinus rhythm. DFT were 0.6J for 4 dogs and 0.8J for one dog. Current ICD system needed 30J for defibrillation. Conclusions: Our preliminary results shows that the Ep-ICD accomplished defibrillation with painless level of DC energy (&lt;0.7J). Extra-low energy DC can avoid electroporation which causes conduction abnormality or malignant arrhythmia. Ep-ICD can apply DC shock before losing consciousness, which has a huge merit for QOL.
Excess deaths associated with covid-19 pandemic in 2020: age and sex disaggregated time series analysis in 29 high income countries
Authors: Nazrul Islam, Vladimir M Shkolnikov, Rolando J Acosta, Ilya Klimkin, Ichiro Kawachi, Rafael A Irizarry, Gianfranco Alicandro, Kamlesh Khunti, Tom Yates, Dmitri A Jdanov, Martin White, Sarah Lewington, Ben Lacey
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Abstract Objective To estimate the direct and indirect effects of the covid-19 pandemic on mortality in 2020 in 29 high income countries with reliable and complete age and sex disaggregated mortality data. Design Time series study of high income countries. Setting Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, England and Wales, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United States. Participants Mortality data from the Short-term Mortality Fluctuations data series of the Human Mortality Database for 2016-20, harmonised and disaggregated by age and sex. Interventions Covid-19 pandemic and associated policy measures. Main outcome measures Weekly excess deaths (observed deaths versus expected deaths predicted by model) in 2020, by sex and age (0-14, 15-64, 65-74, 75-84, and ≥85 years), estimated using an over-dispersed Poisson regression model that accounts for temporal trends and seasonal variability in mortality. Results An estimated 979 000 (95% confidence interval 954 000 to 1 001 000) excess deaths occurred in 2020 in the 29 high income countries analysed. All countries had excess deaths in 2020, except New Zealand, Norway, and Denmark. The five countries with the highest absolute number of excess deaths were the US (458 000, 454 000 to 461 000), Italy (89 100, 87 500 to 90 700), England and Wales (85 400, 83 900 to 86 800), Spain (84 100, 82 800 to 85 300), and Poland (60 100, 58 800 to 61 300). New Zealand had lower overall mortality than expected (−2500, −2900 to −2100). In many countries, the estimated number of excess deaths substantially exceeded the number of reported deaths from covid-19. The highest excess death rates (per 100 000) in men were in Lithuania (285, 259 to 311), Poland (191, 184 to 197), Spain (179, 174 to 184), Hungary (174, 161 to 188), and Italy (168, 163 to 173); the highest rates in women were in Lithuania (210, 185 to 234), Spain (180, 175 to 185), Hungary (169, 156 to 182), Slovenia (158, 132 to 184), and Belgium (151, 141 to 162). Little evidence was found of subsequent compensatory reductions following excess mortality. Conclusion Approximately one million excess deaths occurred in 2020 in these 29 high income countries. Age standardised excess death rates were higher in men than women in almost all countries. Excess deaths substantially exceeded reported deaths from covid-19 in many countries, indicating that determining the full impact of the pandemic on mortality requires assessment of excess deaths. Many countries had lower deaths than expected in children &lt;15 years. Sex inequality in mortality widened further in most countries in 2020.
Prevention of Cardiac Dysfunction During Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy (PRADA): Extended Follow-Up of a 2×2 Factorial, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial of Candesartan and Metoprolol
Authors: Siri Lagethon Heck, Albulena Mecinaj, Anne Hansen Ree, Pavel Hoffmann, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Morten Wang Fagerland, Berit Gravdehaug, Helge Røsjø, Kjetil Steine, Jürgen Geisler, Geeta Gulati, Torbjørn Omland
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Adjuvant breast cancer therapy containing anthracyclines with or without anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 antibodies and radiotherapy is associated with cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction. In the PRADA trial (Prevention of Cardiac Dysfunction During Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy), concomitant treatment with the angiotensin receptor blocker candesartan attenuated the reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in women receiving treatment for breast cancer, whereas the β-blocker metoprolol attenuated the increase in cardiac troponins. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of candesartan and metoprolol or their combination to prevent a reduction in cardiac function and myocardial injury.
Abstract 16996: Relationship of Paravalvular Leak and Mean Platelet Volume With Stroke Risk Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Kusha Rahgozar, Aliaskar Hasani, Faraj Kargoli, Azeem Latib, Ulrich P Jorde
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Stroke remains a major complication patients may face following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). It has been hypothesized that turbulent flow across persistent paravalvular leak (PVL) may lead to low level hemolysis, a state known to heighten serum thrombotic potential and increase stroke risk. We hypothesized that the presence of paravalvular leak would lead to elevations in serum mean platelet volume (MPV), a marker of platelet activation and aggregation, and thus would heighten stroke risk after TAVR. Methods/Results: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 322 patients who underwent TAVR at Montefiore Medical Center from January 2015 to January 2019. Stroke was seen in 24 patients (7%) following TAVR and was associated with higher overall mortality (p=&lt;0.001). PVL was recorded in scaling severity of “none”, “trace”, “mild”, “moderate”, and “severe”. “Significant PVL”, defined as the presence of “mild” or greater PVL on initial post-op transthoracic echocardiogram, was found in 72 patients (22.4%). No associations were seen between the presence of significant PVL and stroke after TAVR. Serum MPV values after TAVR were not associated with the presence of significant PVL, nor with an increase in the observed rate of stroke or death on follow-up. Conclusions: Stroke after TAVR is significantly associated with increased mortality. In our dataset, the presence of significant PVL was not associated with increased rate of stroke or elevated serum MPV levels post-TAVR. Moderate and severe PVL are known to generate the greatest amount of hemolysis and were rare in our dataset (combined 1.5%), likely contributing to the lack of significant findings.
Ocular Safety Profile of BRAF and MEK Inhibitors
Authors: Camille Mettler, Dominique Monnet, Nora Kramkimel, Jean-Marc Tréluyer, Luc Mouthon, Antoine Brézin, Nicolas Dupin, Marie-Blanche Valnet-Rabier, Laurent Chouchana, Benjamin Terrier
Journal: Ophthalmology (2021)
Abstract 15596: Maturation of Hipsc-cm Electrophysiological and Contractile Function for Enhanced Sensitivity of Cardiac Safety Assays
Authors: Heather B Hayes, Anthony M Nicolini, Colin Arrowood, Daniel Millard
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have significantly advanced in vitro cardiac safety and disese modeling, yet remain an immature representation of human myocytes. Electrical or mechanical conditioning of hiPSC-CMs facilitates functional maturation, as measured by a positive force-frequency relationship, but current in vitro protocols require 2-4 weeks of conditioning. Using array-based contractility and local electrical stimulation, we detected functionally mature phenotypes and compound responses in hiPSC-CMs after only 48 hours of chronic pacing. To mature cardiomyocytes, hiPSC-CMs were cultured on 24- and 96-well MEA plates with a dedicated stimulation electrodes. Later, hiPSC-CMs were electrically or optically paced at 2Hz for 48 hours. Multimodal measures quantified contractile and electrophysiological responses to varied pacing rates and compound addition. After 48 hours of pacing, hiPSC-CMs displayed shortened repolarization timing compared to before chronic pacing (baseline: 423 +/- 21 ms; matured: 316 +/- 15 ms), without significant beat period changes (baseline: 1255 +/- 40 ms; matured: 1314 +/- 84 ms). Contractile beat amplitude was measured using array-based impedance during spontaneous beating and at increasing pacing rates (1, 1.2, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 Hz). Before chronic pacing, beat amplitude decreased with increasing pacing rate; after chronic pacing, the same wells displayed increased beat amplitudes with increasing pacing rate. The matured wells also showed enhanced sensitivity to positive inotropes, such as isoproterenol, digoxin, omecamtiv mecarbil, and dobutamine. Local extracellular action potentials (LEAP) further revealed altered electrophysiological response to ranolazine, a multichannel blocker. Unpaced control wells exhibited dose-dependent APD90 prolongation in response to ranolazine, whereas matured wells showed no APD90 change. Similar results were seen with 48 hour of optogenetic pacing at 2 Hz. Overall, hiPSC-CMs chronically paced for only 48 hours exhibited more mature functional phenotypes, including a positive force-frequnecy relationship, enhanced ionotrope sensitivity, and altered compound response.
Macrophage Dicer promotes tolerogenic apoptotic cell clearance and immune tolerance by inhibiting pentose phosphate pathway activity
Authors: Qiangdongzi Mao, Bangwei Luo, Jie Mei, Wenhua Li, Xue Zhang, Zhiyu Wang, Jiechun Zhang, Tingting Liu, Fengxue Zhang, Zhiren Zhang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2021)
Abstract P169: Association Between Years Of Residency In The Usa Of Hispanic Immigrant Women And Small For Gestational Age
Authors: Ileana De Anda-Duran
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Maternal and fetal factors have been associated with small for gestational age (SGA) and cardiometabolic disease in adulthood. Acculturation in US Latino population has been correlated with negative effects on health, including during perinatal period. We hypothesized that acculturated Hispanic pregnant women have higher risk of SGA. Methods: Retrospective study from PeriBank participants born in Latin America. Length of stay (LOS) as proxy for acculturation. SGA defined as birth weight for gestational age &lt;10 th . Results: We included 13,613 women with 15,376 deliveries. Women with LOS &gt;6y showed higher gestational diabetes rates. (Table1) After adjustment, risk of SGA was lower for LOS 4-6y vs. 0-3y; risk was also lower for LOS &gt;6y vs. 0-3y. (Table2) Women with LOS 4-6y had a 1.12kg/m 2 [95% CI 0.84 - 1.39; p-value &lt;0.001] and &gt;6y 3.06kg/m 2 [95% CI 2.78 - 3.32; p&lt;0.001] higher BMI compared to LOS of 0-3 after adjustment. Conclusions: Highly acculturated Hispanic women born outside the US, do not have higher risk for having SGA offspring. Likely masked by higher pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational diabetes, alternative pathways for adverse perinatal outcomes.
Abstract #1875: Ras-induced autophagic self-destruction of immortalized human cells: The second innate defense line against cancer
Authors: Jose Gomez-Garcia, Yong Kim, Chris Benson, Shunan Li, Svetlana Avdulov, Karen Smith, Ameeta Kelekar, Sundaram Ramakrishnan, Peter Bitterman, Vitaly Polunovsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Mammalian cells possess two major intrinsic mechanisms, apoptosis and senescence, to protect against uncontrolled proliferation when oncogenic mutations occur. Here we show the role of destructive autophagy as a novel barrier for Ras-dependent malignant conversion of human epithelial cells. Gain-of-function mutations in ras genes (H-, K-, and N-ras) are common in many, but not all human epithelial cell malignancies. For example, nearly 40% of human lung cancers express oncogenic Ras, whereas ras mutations in breast cancer are rare (  Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1875.
One-Year Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes after Elective Very Long (≧60mm) Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation in Left Anterior Descending Artery
Authors: Suzuki Teruhiko, Ishikawa Tetsuya, Miyazaki Hidekazu, Endoh Akira, Miyamoto Takashi, Nakano Yosuke, Shibayama Kenri, Kubota Takeyuki, Nakata Kotaro, Fujii Shinya, Yumino Kunihiko, Kashiwagi Yuusuke
Journal: Circulation (2009)