tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes associated with tislelizumab in patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib (SOR) or lenvatinib (LEN) in RATIONALE-208.
Authors: Julien Edeline, Philippe Merle, Weijia Fang, Eric Assenat, Hongming Pan, Lorenza Rimassa, Zhiwei Li, Jean-Frederic Blanc, Chia-Jui Yen, Paul J. Ross, Sheng Hu, Tao Zhang, Albert Tran, Guoliang Shao, Mohamed Bouattour, Yajin Chen, John Wu, Bai Li, Sandra Chica-Duque, Zhenggang Ren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

420 Background: Tislelizumab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, demonstrated clinical activity and was well tolerated in pts with previously treated advanced HCC in the phase 2 RATIONALE-208 study (NCT03419897). At the time of this study, SOR and LEN were recommended first-line treatments for pts with advanced HCC and continue to have an important role in the first-line treatment of HCC despite the recent approval of new immuno-oncology-based combinations (atezolizumab and bevacizumab) in some regions. We report the clinical outcomes of pts with advanced HCC who were previously treated with SOR/LEN. Methods: Pts who had received ≥1 prior line of systemic therapy for advanced HCC received tislelizumab 200 mg intravenously once every three weeks. Objective response rate (ORR) by independent review committee (IRC) (ORR IRC ), duration of response by IRC (DOR IRC ), progression-free survival by IRC (PFS IRC ), overall survival (OS), and safety were evaluated in pts who had been previously treated with SOR/LEN. Results: As of February 2020, 249 pts were enrolled and 235 pts had received prior treatment with SOR/LEN, of whom 126 and 109 pts had received 1 or ≥ 2 prior lines of systemic therapy, respectively. At study entry, 211 (89.8%) pts had BCLC stage C and 187 (79.6%) pts had extrahepatic spread. Median follow-up duration for pts previously treated with SOR/LEN was 12.5 months and ORR IRC was 13.6% (95% CI: 9.5, 18.7), including 2 complete responses and 30 partial responses. Median DOR IRC was not reached. Median PFS IRC and OS of pts previously treated with SOR/LEN was 2.7 months (95% CI: 1.6, 2.8) and 13.5 months (95% CI: 10.9, 15.8), respectively. Tislelizumab was generally well tolerated in pts previously treated with SOR/LEN (Table), and the most common treatment-emergent adverse events were increased aspartate aminotransferase (n=70; 28.1%) and alanine aminotransferase (n=52; 20.9%). Conclusions: Tislelizumab was investigated beyond the first-line setting, as effective second- and third-line treatment options are limited for pts with advanced HCC and there is an unmet medical need. This analysis indicates that tislelizumab is clinically active and well tolerated in pts with advanced HCC who have received prior systemic treatment with SOR/LEN. Clinical trial information: NCT03419897. [Table: see text]
Early benefit with empagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: <scp>insights from the EMPEROR‐Preserved trial</scp>
Authors: Javed Butler, Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Gerasimos Filippatos, João Pedro Ferreira, Stuart J. Pocock, Faiez Zannad, Stefan D. Anker
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2022)
The sympathetic nervous system exacerbates carotid body sensitivity in hypertension
Authors: Igor S A Felippe, Tymoteusz Zera, Melina P da Silva, Davi J A Moraes, Fiona McBryde, Julian F R Paton
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2022)

The carotid bodies (CBs) of spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats exhibit hypertonicity and hyperreflexia contributing to heightened peripheral sympathetic outflow. We hypothesized that CB hyperexcitability is driven by its own sympathetic innervation.To test this, the chemoreflex was activated (NaCN 50-100 µL, 0.4 µg/µL) in SH and Wistar rats in situ before and after: (i) electrical stimulation (ES; 30 Hz, 2 ms, 10 V) of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), which innervates the CB; (ii) unilateral resection of the SCG (SCGx); (iii) CB injections of an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist (phenylephrine, 50 µL, 1 mmol/L), and (iv) α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin (40 µL, 1 mmol/L) or tamsulosin (50 µL, 1 mmol/L). ES of the SCG enhanced CB-evoked sympathoexcitation by 40-50% (P < 0.05) with no difference between rat strains. Unilateral SCGx attenuated the CB-evoked sympathoexcitation in SH (62%; P < 0.01) but was without effect in Wistar rats; it also abolished the ongoing firing of chemoreceptive petrosal neurones of SH rats, which became hyperpolarized. In Wistar rats, CB injections of phenylephrine enhanced CB-evoked sympathoexcitation (33%; P < 0.05), which was prevented by prazosin (26%; P < 0.05) in SH rats. Tamsulosin alone reproduced the effects of prazosin in SH rats and prevented the sensitizing effect of the SCG following ES. Within the CB, α1A- and α1B-adrenoreceptors were co-localized on both glomus cells and blood vessels. In conscious SH rats instrumented for recording blood pressure (BP), the CB-evoked pressor response was attenuated after SCGx, and systolic BP fell by 16 ± 4.85 mmHg.The sympathetic innervation of the CB is tonically activated and sensitizes the CB of SH but not Wistar rats. Furthermore, sensitization of CB-evoked reflex sympathoexcitation appears to be mediated by α1-adrenoceptors located either on the vasculature and/or glomus cells. The SCG is novel target for controlling CB pathophysiology in hypertension.
TCT-656 Low Incidence of Stent Thrombosis in Asian Races: Multicenter Registry in Asia 7 Years Follow-Up Result
Authors: Sunao Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa, Jang-Ho Bae, Yeo Cahyadi, Wasan Udayachalerm, Damras Tresukosol, Sudaratana Tansuphaswadikul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Cerebrovascular Accident or Subdural Fluid Collection?
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Iguana Owners, Beware
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Practical Management of Oligometastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Katie Jasper, Brendon Stiles, Fiona McDonald, David A. Palma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Local ablative therapies, including surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy (SABR), are becoming an integral component in the treatment of oligometastatic disease in non-small-cell lung cancer. In this review, we summarize recent randomized evidence supporting progression-free survival and overall survival benefits of local ablation in these patients, as well as upcoming phase III data which should help us better understand the ideal treatment conditions and provide more insight into the oligometastatic state. Since practical management of oligometastatic disease in non-small-cell lung cancer can be challenging, we discuss a modern framework to identify patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics that can best guide management.
A pilot study of liposomal irinotecan plus 5-FU/ LV combined with paricalcitol in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer which progressed on gemcitabine-based therapy.
Authors: Patrick Grierson, Rama Suresh, Benjamin R. Tan, Katrina Sophia Pedersen, Manik A. Amin, Haeseong Park, Nikolaos Trikalinos, Jingxia Liu, Kian-Huat Lim, Andrea wang-gillam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

566 Background: 5-FU-based chemotherapy is the standard of care for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer progressed on gemcitabine-based therapy. Based on the NAPOLI-1 study, liposomal irinotecan and 5-FU/LV is currently an FDA-approved regimen in this setting with median progression free survival (mPFS) 3.1 months, median overall survival (mOS) 6.1 months and ORR 16%. In pancreatic cancer mouse models, vitamin D was shown to remodel the desmoplastic stroma and when combined with chemotherapy significantly improved animal survival. Methods: We conducted a pilot study in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer progressed on gemcitabine-based therapy treated with 5FU (2,400mg/m 2 )/LV (400mg/m 2 )/liposomal irinotecan (70mg/m 2 ) with paricalcitol in two dose level cohorts: paricalcitol 75mcg IV on day 1 weekly (N = 10, dose level 1) or 7mcg/kg IV on day 1 weekly (N = 10, dose level 2). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of grade 3 and 4 toxicities. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were assessed during cycle 1. Secondary endpoints include objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Between 8/29/2019 to 5/6/2021, a total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study. No DLTs or grade 4 adverse events were observed in either paricalcitol cohort. The most common toxicities were gastrointestinal (nausea, diarrhea), fatigue and anemia and were similar in both cohorts. Only one grade 3 adverse event was possibly due to paricalcitol (spinal fracture). 2/10 patients experienced an objective response, one of which was confirmed. Median follow up was 6.1 months. At the time of analysis, one patient remains on liposomal irinotecan and 5-FU/LV and mPFS of all patients is 3.57 months and mOS is 6.15 months. The mPFS is 3.55 months for dose level 1 and 5.34 months for dose level 2 (p = 0.3). The mOS is 6.15 months for dose level 1 and 6.66 months for dose level 2 (p = 0.4). Conclusions: Administration of paricalcitol in combination with liposomal irinotecan and 5-FU/LV is well tolerated in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, however does not appear to improve response rate or survival outcomes. Correlative analyses are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03883919.
Vancomycin Infusion Reaction — Moving beyond “Red Man Syndrome”
Authors: Santiago Alvarez-Arango, S. Michelle Ogunwole, Thomas D. Sequist, Caitlin M. Burk, Kimberly G. Blumenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Although “red man” might, at first glance, be taken as a straightforward description of a white male patient with an erythematous skin reaction, the term had a ready referent outside medicine, where it had long carried racist connotations.
<scp>HLA</scp> 1–3 antigen‐mismatched related peripheral blood stem cells transplantation using low‐dose antithymocyte globulin versus unrelated cord blood transplantation
Authors: Fumiya Wada, Mizuki Watanabe, Takaaki Konuma, Motohito Okabe, Shinichi Kobayashi, Naoyuki Uchida, Kazuhiro Ikegame, Masatsugu Tanaka, Yasuhiro Sugio, Junichi Mukae, Makoto Onizuka, Toshiro Kawakita, Takuro Kuriyama, Satoshi Takahashi, Takahiro Fukuda, Nobuaki Nakano, Masashi Sawa, Takafumi Kimura, Tatsuo Ichinohe, Yoshiko Atsuta, Junya Kanda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

Abstract Little information is available regarding whether unrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) or an HLA 1–3 antigen–mismatched related donor peripheral blood stem‐cell transplantation (PBSCT) using low‐dose anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) is superior as an alternative transplantation for patients who lack an HLA‐matched sibling or unrelated donor. Therefore, we evaluated 7861 patients with hematologic malignancies (aged 0 to 70 years) who received either a CBT without ATG (CBT‐no ATG, n = 7034) or an HLA 1‐3 antigen–mismatched related donor PBSCT using low‐dose ATG (PBSCT‐ATG, n = 827). CBT‐no ATG was associated with significantly better overall survival (OS) than the use of a PBSCT‐ATG (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; p &lt; .001), although PBSCT‐ATG patients with an HLA 1 antigen‐mismatch showed OS comparable to that in the CBT‐no ATG group. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment was significantly delayed, whereas the incidences of nonrelapse mortality, and severe graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) were significantly lower in the CBT‐no ATG group. The incidences of relapse and chronic GVHD were comparable between these donors. In conclusion, CBT‐no ATG may be a better alternative than HLA‐mismatched related donor PBSCT using low‐dose ATG. Notably, HLA 2‐3 antigen mismatch‐related transplantation with low‐dose ATG had significant adverse effects on transplantation outcomes.
Color M-mode Doppler flow propagation of late diastolic velocity caused by left atrial-left ventricular pressure gradient: An animal study Junko Watanabe, Michael Jones, Takahiro Shiota, Fabrice Bauer, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Yongjin Kim, Mario J. Garcia, Jian Xin Qin, Marta Sitges, Agnese Travaglini, James D. Thomas. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Growth and Development: Pathological Aspects, II
Authors: H. Gardiner-Hill
Journal: BMJ (1937)

INFANTILISMThe conditions of dwarfism and infantilism can be con- sidered together, for although dwarfism is not infre- quently found without infantilism the two are more fre- quently combined.Both represent disturbances in the growth sphere, but whilst in dwarfism the defect is skeletal and limited to the skeleton, in infantilism the retardation of development is general.The term dwarfism implies a defect in stature below the normal standards but does not necessarily signify a pathological state, for dwarfism under certain conditions may occur without any evidence of disease.In simple dwarfism the skeleton is of small size, but the bodily characters and functions-especially in the sex sphere- are appropriate to the age of the individual.The skeleton may be proportioned or disproportioned.If disproportioned the defect may be either in the trunk or the limbs -an abnormality of the spine or the long bones.In
Addition of Group Members Supplement
Authors: Olivier Hermine
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Giacomo Grasselli, MD; Massimiliano Greco, MD; Alberto Zanella, MD; Giovanni Albano, MD; Massimo Antonelli, MD; Giacomo Bellani, MD, PhD; Ezio Bonanomi, MD; Luca Cabrini, MD; Eleonora Carlesso, MS; Gianpaolo Castelli, MD; Sergio Cattaneo, MD; Danilo Cereda, MD; Sergio Colombo, MD; Antonio Coluccello, MD; Giuseppe Crescini, MD; Andrea Forastieri Molinari, MD; Giuseppe Foti, MD; Roberto Fumagalli, MD; Giorgio Antonio Iotti, MD; Thomas Langer, MD; Nicola Latronico, MD; Ferdinando Luca Lorini, MD; Francesco Mojoli, MD; Giuseppe Natalini, MD; Carla Maria Pessina, MD; Vito Marco Ranieri, MD; Roberto Rech, MD; Luigia Scudeller, MD; Antonio Rosano, MD; Enrico Storti, MD; B. Taylor Thompson, MD; Marcello Tirani, MD; Pier Giorgio Villani, MD; Antonio Pesenti, MD; Maurizio Cecconi, MD; COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network; Emiliano Agosteo; Giovanni Albano; Andrea Albertin; Armando Alborghetti; Giorgio Aldegheri ; Benvenuto Antonini; Enrico Barbara; Giulia Bardelloni; Sabrina Basilico; Nicolangela Belgiorno; Giacomo Bellani; Enrico Beretta; Angela Berselli; Leonardo Bianciardi; Ezio Bonanomi; Stefano Bonazzi; Massimo Borelli ; Nicola Bottino; Nicola Bronzini; Serena Brusatori; Luca Cabrini; Carlo Capra; Livio Carnevale; Gianpaolo Castelli; Emanuele Catena; Sergio Cattaneo; Maurizio Cecconi; Simona Celotti; Stefania Cerutti; Davide Chiumello; Silvia Cirri; Giuseppe Citerio; Sergio Colombo; Antonio Coluccello; Davide Coppini; Alberto Corona; Paolo Cortellazzi; Elena Costantini; Remo Daniel Covello ; Giuseppe Crescini; Gianluca De Filippi; Marco Dei Poli; Paolo Dughi; Fulvia Fieni; Gaetano Florio; Andrea Forastieri Molinari; Giuseppe Foti; Roberto Fumagalli; Marco Galletti; Giorgio Antonio Gallioli; Hedwige Gay; Marco Gemma; Paolo Gnesin; Giacomo Grasselli; Stefano Greco ; Massimiliano Greco ; Paolo Grosso; Luca Guatteri; Davide Guzzon; Giorgio Antonio Iotti; Roberto Keim; Thomas Langer; Nicola Latronico; Andrea Lombardo; Ferdinando Luca Lorini; Filippo Mamprin; Giovanni Marino; Francesco Marino; Guido Merli; Antonio Micucci; Carmine Rocco Militano; Francesco Mojoli; Giacomo Monti; Stefano Muttini; Samantha Nadalin; Giuseppe Natalini; Paolo Perazzo; Giovanni Battista Perego; Luciano Perotti; Antonio Pesenti; Carla Maria Pessina; Nicola Petrucci; Angelo Pezzi; Simone Piva; Gina Portella ; Alessandro Protti; Milena Racagni; Danilo Radrizzani; Maurizio Raimondi; Marco Ranucci; Roberto Rech; Mario Riccio ; Antonio Rosano; Patrizia Ruggeri; Giuseppe Sala; Luca Salvi; Pietro Sebastiano; Paolo Severgnini; Donato Sigurtà; Nino Stocchetti; Enrico Storti; Matteo Subert; Mario Tavola; Serena Todaro; Francesca Torriglia; Daniela Tubiolo; Roberto Valsecchi ; Pier Giorgio Villani; Uberto Viola; Giovanni Vitale; Massimo Zambon; Alberto Zanella; Elena Zoia
circPTCH1 promotes invasion and metastasis in renal cell carcinoma via regulating miR-485-5p/MMP14 axis: Erratum
Authors: Huan Liu, Guanghui Hu, Zaoyu Wang, Qunlong Liu, Jin Zhang, Yonghui Chen, Yiran Huang, Wei Xue, Yunfei Xu, Wei Zhai
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.47239.].
Beware, vaping e-cigarettes around children is adversely impacting their lung health
Authors: Ana Lucia Fuentes, Laura E Crotty Alexander
Journal: Thorax (2022)

We have evaluated the 9two minute walking distance9 in children with cystic fibrosis as an objective measurement of exercise tolerance. There was a strong correlation between walking distance and height in 89 normal children (r = 0.72). Fifty children with cystic fibrosis showed a similar correlation (r = 0.56) with a mean result of 94% of that expected for height compared with the normal children. There was a training effect in the normal children with the second walk being significantly better than the first, but this was not evident in children with cystic fibrosis. The test was reproducible with no significant change in 12 children retested after one to three months. Sixteen children with cystic fibrosis admitted for treatment of chest disease showed a significant improvement in walking distance with treatment. Children as young as 5 years old can perform a walking distance test. It seems to be an objective way of assessing exercise tolerance and can help in evaluating response to treatment.
FATAL BICYCLE ACCIDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The inclusion of augmented intelligence in medicine: A framework for successful implementation
Authors: George Bazoukis, Jennifer Hall, Joseph Loscalzo, Elliott Marshall Antman, Valentín Fuster, Antonis A. Armoundas
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are being applied across a large spectrum of everyday life activities. The implementation of AI algorithms in clinical practice has been met with some skepticism and concern, mainly because of the uneasiness that stems, in part, from a lack of understanding of how AI operates, together with the role of physicians and patients in the decision-making process; uncertainties regarding the reliability of the data and the outcomes; as well as concerns regarding the transparency, accountability, liability, handling of personal data, and monitoring and system upgrades. In this viewpoint, we take these issues into consideration and offer an integrated regulatory framework to AI developers, clinicians, researchers, and regulators, aiming to facilitate the adoption of AI that rests within the FDA's pathway, in research, development, and clinical medicine.
Lecons sur les maladies nerveuses—Lectures on Nervous Diseases (second series).
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal