tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of a Fruit and Vegetable Subsidy Program With Food Purchases by Individuals With Low Income in the US
Authors: Seth A. Berkowitz, Neal Curran, Sam Hoeffler, Richard Henderson, Ashley Price, Shu Wen Ng
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Food insecurity is associated with a less healthy diet. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is associated with reduced food insecurity, but benefit levels may be insufficient for beneficiaries to afford healthy foods.To evaluate whether participation in SuperSNAP, a program that provides an additional $40 per month for the purchase of fruits and vegetables with no added sugar, sodium, or fat to SNAP beneficiaries, is associated with changes in food purchasing.This longitudinal cohort study used data from transaction records of a large supermarket chain with approximately 500 stores located across North Carolina from October 2019 to April 2020. Participants were SNAP beneficiaries.SuperSNAP participation.Monthly spending on all fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts (primary outcome); spending on less healthy food categories; and spending on sugar-sweetened beverages as 1 category of less healthy foods. Monthly data on purchases by SNAP beneficiaries before and during SuperSNAP participation were compared with data from SNAP beneficiaries not enrolled in the program who shopped at the same stores. Overlap weighting (a propensity score-based method) was used to account for confounding, and linear mixed-effects models were fitted with random effects to account for repeated measures and clustering by store.The study included 667 SuperSNAP participants and 33 246 SNAP beneficiaries who did not use SuperSNAP but shopped in the same stores; 436 SuperSNAP participants had preintervention data and were included in the main analysis. SuperSNAP participation was associated with increased monthly purchases of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes ($31.84; 95% CI, $31.27-$32.42; P < .001; 294.52 oz; 95% CI, 288.84-300.20 oz; P < .001). Only a small increase in spending on less healthy food categories compared with the SNAP beneficiaries who did not use SuperSNAP ($1.60; 95% CI, $0.67-$2.53; P < .001) was observed. As total spending increased, the proportion of total food and beverage spending on less healthy foods significantly decreased (difference, 4.51%; 95% CI, 4.27%-4.74%; P < .001). Monthly spending on sugar-sweetened beverages decreased (difference, $1.83; 95% CI, $1.30-$2.36; P < .001).In this cohort study, participation in SuperSNAP was associated with meaningful increases in healthy food purchasing. Subsequent studies should investigate whether healthy food incentive programs improve health outcomes.
血管内 18 F-FDG-PET蓄積と心血管事象との関係
Authors: Baba Masako, Seo Yoshihiro, Ishizu Tomoko, Hayashi Mayu, Yoshida Kentaro, Abe Daisuke, Suzuki Shoji, Takeyasu Noriyuki, Aonuma Kazutaka, Sato Motohiro
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Uses of Published Physician Performance Data--Reply
Authors: B. E. Landon
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy of a low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Christopher J. Black, Heidi M. Staudacher, Alexander C. Ford
Journal: Gut (2021)

A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) is recommended for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), if general lifestyle and dietary advice fails. However, although the impact of a low FODMAP diet on individual IBS symptoms has been examined in some randomised controlled trials (RCTs), there has been no recent systematic assessment, and individual trials have studied numerous alternative or control interventions, meaning the best comparator is unclear. We performed a network meta-analysis addressing these uncertainties.We searched the medical literature through to 2 April 2021 to identify RCTs of a low FODMAP diet in IBS. Efficacy was judged using dichotomous assessment of improvement in global IBS symptoms or improvement in individual IBS symptoms, including abdominal pain, abdominal bloating or distension, and bowel habit. Data were pooled using a random effects model, with efficacy reported as pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs, and interventions ranked according to their P-score.We identified 13 eligible RCTs (944 patients). Based on failure to achieve an improvement in global IBS symptoms, a low FODMAP diet ranked first vs habitual diet (RR of symptoms not improving=0.67; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.91, P-score=0.99), and was superior to all other interventions. Low FODMAP diet ranked first for abdominal pain severity, abdominal bloating or distension severity and bowel habit, although for the latter it was not superior to any other intervention. A low FODMAP diet was superior to British Dietetic Association (BDA)/National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) dietary advice for abdominal bloating or distension (RR=0.72; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.94). BDA/NICE dietary advice was not superior to any other intervention in any analysis.In a network analysis, low FODMAP diet ranked first for all endpoints studied. However, most trials were based in secondary or tertiary care and did not study effects of FODMAP reintroduction and personalisation on symptoms.
Differential time course of action of 5-HT<sub>3</sub> and NK<sub>1</sub> antagonists when used with highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC and MEC)
Authors: P. J. Hesketh, D. G. Warr, J. C. Street, A. D. Carides
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

9629 Background: Cisplatin-based HEC displays a biphasic pattern of emesis with both an early and delayed period. In contrast, MEC has a monophasic pattern. The objective of this analysis was to investigate the time course of action of the 5-HT 3 antagonist ondansetron (OND) and the NK 1 antagonist aprepitant (APR) in trials with HEC and MEC. Methods: Phase III HEC and MEC trials of APR were included. In 2 HEC studies, patients (pts) scheduled to receive cisplatin- based chemotherapy were randomized to an active-control group (OND + dexamethasone [DEX] Day 1, DEX bid Days 2–4) or an APR group (APR + OND + DEX Day 1; APR + DEX qd Days 2–3; and DEX Day 4). In a third HEC study, control pts also received OND on Days 2- 3. For the MEC study, breast cancer pts receiving anthracycline + cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy were randomized to an active- control group (OND + DEX pre chemotherapy and OND 8 hours (h) later; OND bid Days 2–3) or an APR group (APR + OND + DEX pre chemotherapy and OND 8 h later; APR qd Days 2–3). In a post-hoc analysis, multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the impact on emesis at different time intervals using a modified intent-to-treat approach. No multiplicity adjustment was planned, so nominal p-values are reported. Results: 1,527 pts and 856 pts were randomized and assessed for efficacy in the HEC and MEC trials respectively. For HEC, APR reduced risk of emesis beginning 15–18 h after cisplatin and extending to 48 h by 45–77% compared to control and by 45–67% compared to the OND control. For MEC, APR markedly reduced emesis from 6–9 h by 61% compared to control (p=0.0012). Conclusions: Time of onset (15 h vs. 6 h) and time course (15–48 h vs. 6–9 h) for the enhanced control of emesis with the addition of APR differs between HEC and MEC respectively. With HEC these results suggest that 5-HT 3 dependent mechanisms are most important in the first 12 h after HEC with NK 1 -dependent mechanisms having a key role later. With MEC both 5-HT 3 and NK 1 mechanisms appear to be important early and the greatest impact of the NK 1 antagonist occurs in the first 9 h. These results provide a rationale for maximizing NK 1 -antagonist exposure early on with MEC as a means to improve emesis control. [Table: see text]
Errors in Reported Primary and Secondary Outcomes and Table Numbers in a Trial of Radiotherapy for Pain Relief in Patients With Bone Metastases
Authors: Quynh-Nhu Nguyen
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Artemisinin inspired synthetic endoperoxide drug candidates: Design, synthesis, and mechanism of action studies
Authors: Christopher M. Woodley, Patrícia S. M. Amado, Maria L. S. Cristiano, Paul M. O'Neill
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2021)

Abstract Artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) have been used as the first‐line treatments against Plasmodium falciparum malaria for decades. Recent advances in chemical proteomics have shed light on the complex mechanism of action of semi‐synthetic artemisinin (ARTs), particularly their promiscuous alkylation of parasite proteins via previous heme‐mediated bioactivation of the endoperoxide bond. Alarmingly, the rise of resistance to ART in South East Asia and the synthetic limitations of the ART scaffold have pushed the course for the necessity of fully synthetic endoperoxide‐based antimalarials. Several classes of synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials have been described in literature utilizing various endoperoxide warheads including 1,2‐dioxanes, 1,2,4‐trioxanes, 1,2,4‐trioxolanes, and 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes. Two of these classes, the 1,2,4‐trioxolanes (arterolane and artefenomel) and the 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes (N205 and E209) based antimalarials, have been explored extensively and are still in active development. In contrast, the most recent publication pertaining to the development of the 1,2‐dioxane, Arteflene, and 1,2,4‐trioxanes fenozan‐50F, DU1301, and PA1103/SAR116242 was published in 2008. This review summarizes the synthesis, biological and clinical evaluation, and mechanistic studies of the most developed synthetic endoperoxide antimalarials, providing an update on those classes still in active development.
Nonoperative Treatment of Large (5–7 cm), Node-Negative Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Commonly Deviates From NCCN Guidelines
Authors: Craig S. Schneider, Robert A. Oster, Aparna Hegde, Michael C. Dobelbower, John M. Stahl, Adam J. Kole
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Background: Optimal treatment of nonoperative patients with large, node-negative non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly defined. Current NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) recommend definitive radiotherapy (RT) with or without sequential chemotherapy and do not include concurrent chemoradiotherapy (chemoRT) as a treatment option. In this study, we identified factors that predict nonadherence to NCCN Guidelines. Patients and Methods: Patients who received definitive RT for nonmetastatic, node-negative NSCLC with tumor size of 5 to 7 cm were identified in the National Cancer Database from 2004 through 2016. Patients were evaluated by RT type (stereotactic body RT [SBRT], hypofractionated RT [HFRT], or conventionally fractionated RT [CFRT]) and chemotherapy use (none, sequential, or concurrent with RT). Patients were classified as receiving NCCN-adherent (RT with or without sequential chemotherapy) or NCCN-nonadherent (concurrent chemoRT) treatment. Demographic and clinical factors were assessed with logistic regression modeling. Overall survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, and univariable/multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Results: Among 2,020 patients in our cohort, 32% received NCCN-nonadherent concurrent chemoRT, whereas others received NCCN-adherent RT alone (51%) or sequential RT and chemotherapy (17%). CFRT was most widely used (64% CFRT vs 22% SBRT vs 14% HFRT). Multivariable analysis revealed multiple factors to be associated with NCCN-nonadherent chemoRT: age ≤70 versus &gt;70 years (odds ratio [OR] , 2.72; P &lt;.001), treatment at a nonacademic facility (OR, 1.65; P &lt;.001), and tumor size 6 to 7 cm versus 5 to 6 cm (OR, 1.27; P =.026). Survival was similar between the NCCN-nonadherent chemoRT and NCCN-adherent groups (hazard ratio, 1.00; P =.992) in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of inoperable patients with large, node-negative NSCLC are not treated according to NCCN Guidelines and receive concurrent chemoRT. Younger patients with larger tumors receiving treatment at nonacademic medical centers were more likely to receive NCCN-nonadherent therapy, but adherence to NCCN Guidelines was not associated with differences in overall survival.
Higher Prices for Cancer Surgery at National Cancer Institute–Designated Cancer Centers—Are Payers Achieving Value for Their Dollars?
Authors: Nancy L. Keating
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Samuel U. Takvorian, MD, MSHP; Laura Yasaitis, PhD; Manqing Liu, MHS; Daniel J. Lee, MD, MS; Rachel M. Werner, MD, PhD; Justin E. Bekelman, MD
A commentary on “nomogram of conditional survival probability of long-term Survival for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Real-World Data Retrospective Cohort Study from SEER database” (Int J Surg 2021; 106013)
Authors: José Leonardo Grisman-Laverde, Divis Del Carmen Becerra-Poveda, Sergio Leonel Parra-Pinzón, Sofia Esther Fernández-de la Rosa, María Paz Bolaño-Romero
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2021)
Evaluation of Hemoglobin Cutoff Levels to Define Anemia Among Healthy Individuals
Authors: O. Yaw Addo, Emma X. Yu, Anne M. Williams, Melissa Fox Young, Andrea J. Sharma, Zuguo Mei, Nicholas J. Kassebaum, Maria Elena D. Jefferds, Parminder S. Suchdev
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Anemia, defined as low hemoglobin (Hb) concentration insufficient to meet an individual's physiological needs, is the most common blood condition worldwide.To evaluate the current World Health Organization (WHO) Hb cutoffs for defining anemia among persons who are apparently healthy and to assess threshold validity with a biomarker of tissue iron deficiency and physiological indicator of erythropoiesis (soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]) using multinational data.In this cross-sectional study, data were collected and evaluated from 30 household, population-based nutrition surveys of preschool children aged 6 to 59 months and nonpregnant women aged 15 to 49 years during 2005 to 2016 across 25 countries. Data analysis was performed from March 2020 to April 2021.Anemia defined according to WHO Hb cutoffs.To define the healthy population, persons with iron deficiency (ferritin <12 ng/mL for children or <15 ng/mL for women), vitamin A deficiency (retinol-binding protein or retinol <20.1 μg/dL), inflammation (C-reactive protein >0.5 mg/dL or α-1-acid glycoprotein >1 g/L), or known malaria were excluded. Survey-specific, pooled Hb fifth percentile cutoffs were estimated. Among individuals with Hb and sTfR data, Hb-for-sTfR curve analysis was conducted to identify Hb inflection points that reflect tissue iron deficiency and increased erythropoiesis induced by anemia.A total of 79 950 individuals were included in the original surveys. The final healthy sample was 13 445 children (39.9% of the original sample of 33 699 children; 6750 boys [50.2%]; mean [SD] age 32.9 [16.0] months) and 25 880 women (56.0% of the original sample of 46 251 women; mean [SD] age, 31.0 [9.5] years). Survey-specific Hb fifth percentile among children ranged from 7.90 g/dL (95% CI, 7.54-8.26 g/dL in Pakistan) to 11.23 g/dL (95% CI, 11.14-11.33 g/dL in the US), and among women from 8.83 g/dL (95% CI, 7.77-9.88 g/dL in Gujarat, India) to 12.09 g/dL (95% CI, 12.00-12.17 g/dL in the US). Intersurvey variance around the Hb fifth percentile was low (3.5% for women and 3.6% for children). Pooled fifth percentile estimates were 9.65 g/dL (95% CI, 9.26-10.04 g/dL) for children and 10.81 g/dL (95% CI, 10.35-11.27 g/dL) for women. The Hb-for-sTfR curve demonstrated curvilinear associations with sTfR inflection points occurring at Hb of 9.61 g/dL (95% CI, 9.55-9.67 g/dL) among children and 11.01 g/dL (95% CI, 10.95-11.09 g/dL) among women.Current WHO cutoffs to define anemia are higher than the pooled fifth percentile of Hb among persons who are outwardly healthy and from nearly all survey-specific estimates. The lower proposed Hb cutoffs are statistically significant but also reflect compensatory increased erythropoiesis. More studies based on clinical outcomes could further confirm the validity of these Hb cutoffs for anemia.
Virtual memory T cells orchestrate extralymphoid responses conducive to resident memory
Authors: Shiyue Hou, Tiange Shao, Tianyang Mao, Jingwen Shi, Jiahui Sun, Miao Mei, Xu Tan, Hai Qi
Journal: Science Immunology (2021)

A primary immune response is initiated in secondary lymphoid organs. Virtual memory CD8+ T (TVM) cells are antigen-inexperienced T cells of a central memory phenotype, acquired through self-antigen–driven homeostatic proliferation. Unexpectedly, we find that TVM cells are composed of CCR2+ and CCR2− subsets that differentially elaborate a spectrum of effector- and memory-poised functions directly in the tissue. During a primary influenza infection, TVM cells rapidly infiltrate the lungs in the first day after infection and promote early viral control. TVM cells that recognize viral antigen are retained in the tissue, clonally expand independent of secondary lymphoid organs, and give rise to tissue-resident memory cells. By orchestrating an extralymphoid primary response, heterogenous TVM cells bridge innate reaction and adaptive memory directly in the infected tissue.
A new leader for the NHS in its summer of discontent
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Amanda Pritchard is the new chief executive officer of NHS England and the first woman to lead the organisation (doi:10.1136/bmj.n1930),1 joining female health service chief executives in Northern Ireland and Scotland. Pritchard is an experienced NHS senior manager, a success story of the NHS graduate training scheme, and an admirer of Elizabeth I, the last Tudor monarch, whom she describes as a “strong leader in a male world” (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/amanda-pritchard-the-new-nhs-chief-my-hero-elizabeth-i-a-strong-leader-in-a-male-world-hq2gjfs7f).2 Considering some of the more political alternatives that were discussed, Pritchard’s appointment is being welcomed, albeit with an eye on how much “autonomy she is afforded” (doi:10.1136/bmj.n1916).3

The NHS was recently awarded the George Cross, the UK’s highest civilian gallantry award, for 73 years of “dedicated service” and for the “courageous efforts” of health …
Emerging innate biological properties of nano-drug delivery systems: A focus on PAMAM dendrimers and their clinical potential
Authors: Hadeel Kheraldine, Ousama Rachid, Abdella M Habib, Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa, Ibrahim F. Benter, Saghir Akhtar
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2021)

Drug delivery systems or vectors are usually needed to improve the bioavailability and effectiveness of a drug through improving its pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics at an organ, tissue or cellular level. However, emerging technologies with sensitive readouts as well as a greater understanding of physiological/biological systems have revealed that polymeric drug delivery systems are not biologically inert but can have innate or intrinsic biological actions. In this article, we review the emerging multiple innate biological/toxicological properties of naked polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer delivery systems in the absence of any drug cargo and discuss their correlation with the defined physicochemical properties of PAMAMs in terms of molecular size (generation), architecture, surface charge and chemistry. Further, we assess whether any of the reported intrinsic biological actions of PAMAMs such as their antimicrobial activity or their ability to sequester glucose and modulate key protein interactions or cell signaling pathways, can be exploited clinically such as in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
A technique for safe ulcer floor closure using an over-the-scope clip after endoscopic submucosal dissection of lesions adjacent to the ampulla of Vater
Authors: Takashi Muramoto, Ken Ohata, Rindo Ishii, Ryoju Negishi, Yohei Minato, Nobuyuki Matsuhashi
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

In duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), complete defect closure is required because exposure of the post-ESD ulcer floor to pancreatic juice and bile can lead to delayed perforation and bleeding [1] [2] [3]. Closure with an over-the-scope (OTS) clip has been reported as being convenient and useful in the prevention of postoperative adverse events [1] [2]. However, if lesions are adjacent to the ampulla of Vater, there is a risk of severe pancreatitis developing because the ampulla of Vater may get sucked into the hood and be closed with an OTS clip during ulcer floor closure [4]. It is impossible to ensure exclusion of the ampulla of Vater during ulcer floor closure, because the ulcer floor needs to be sucked with full force into the hood, along with the surrounding normal mucosa, which inevitably results in a blind operation when the OTS clip is released. Therefore, previously, we have had to abandon closure with an OTS clip, having no choice but to perform endoscopic drainage [5]. Herein, we introduce a technique for safe closure of a post-ESD ulcer floor adjacent to the ampulla of Vater with an OTS clip.
3-Ketodihydrosphingosine reductase maintains ER homeostasis and unfolded protein response in leukemia
Authors: Qiao Liu, Anthony K. N. Chan, Wen-Han Chang, Lu Yang, Sheela Pangeni Pokharel, Kazuya Miyashita, Nicole Mattson, Xiaobao Xu, Mingli Li, Wei Lu, Ren-Jang Lin, Shao-Yuan Wang, Chun-Wei Chen
Journal: Leukemia (2021)