tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correspondence on “SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rituximab-treated patients: evidence for impaired humoral but inducible cellular immune response”by Bonelli <i>et al</i>
Authors: Maurizio Benucci, Arianna Damiani, Maria Infantino, Mariangela Manfredi, Valentina Grossi, Barbara Lari, Francesca Li Gobbi, Piercarlo Sarzi Puttini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To test whether the relation between income inequality and mortality found in US states is because of different levels of formal education. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional, multiple regression analysis. <b>Setting:</b> All US states and the District of Columbia (n=51). <b>Data sources:</b> US census statistics and vital statistics for the years 1989 and 1990. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Multiple regression analysis with age adjusted mortality from all causes as the dependent variable and 3 independent variables—the Gini coefficient, per capita income, and percentage of people aged ≥18 years without a high school diploma. <b>Results:</b> The income inequality effect disappeared when percentage of people without a high school diploma was added to the regression models. The fit of the regression significantly improved when education was added to the model. <b>Conclusions:</b> Lack of high school education accounts for the income inequality effect and is a powerful predictor of mortality variation among US states. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Aggregate studies have shown a positive relation between income inequality and mortality and three possible explanations have been suggested (relative deprivation, absolute deprivation, and aggregation artefact) Income inequality may reflect the effects of other socioeconomic variables that are also related to mortality <h3>What this study adds</h3> Multiple regression analysis of the 50 US states and District of Columbia for 1989-90 indicates that the relation between income inequality and age adjusted mortality is due to differences in high school educational attainment: education absorbs the income inequality effect and is a more powerful predictor of variation in mortality among US states Lack of high school education seems to affect mortality by economic resource deprivation, risk of occupational injury, and learnt risk behaviour. It may also measure the lifetime, cumulative effect of adverse socioeconomic conditions
Suicidality Risk of Newer Antiseizure Medications
Authors: Pavel Klein, Orrin Devinsky, Jacqueline French, Cynthia Harden, Gregory L. Krauss, Robert McCarter, Michael R. Sperling
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

Most antiseizure medications (ASMs) carry a US Food and Drug Administration-mandated class label warning of increased suicidality risk, based on a meta-analysis comparing suicidality between individuals treated with medications vs placebo in randomized clinical trials done before 2008. ASMs approved since then carry this warning although they were not similarly studied.To review all placebo-controlled phase 2 and 3 studies of 10 ASMs approved since 2008 to evaluate the risk of suicidality of these drugs compared with placebo.Primary publications and secondary safety analyses in PubMed of all phase 2 and 3 randomized placebo-controlled epilepsy trials of ASMs approved since 2008, using keywords epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs, seizures, suicidality, suicidal ideation, and the names of individual drugs.All phase 2 and 3 randomized clinical trials of adjunctive treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy and their secondary safety analyses.Articles were reviewed for frequency of suicidality (ideation, attempts, and completed suicides). Mode of suicidality ascertainment included treatment-emergent adverse event reports, Standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities queries for events in prespecified categories including suicidal ideation and behavior, prospective collection of suicidality data as a prespecified safety outcome using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, and retrospective evaluation by blinded review using the Columbia-Classification Algorithm of Suicide Assessment. A meta-analysis compared risk for drugs vs placebo of each outcome for all drugs overall and by individual drugs and trials.Suicidality (total and by ideation), attempts, and completed suicides.Excluding studies that did not evaluate suicidality (everolimus and fenfluramine) or did not evaluate it prospectively (lacosamide, ezogabine, and clobazam), 5 drugs were analyzed: eslicarbazepine, perampanel, brivaracetam, cannabidiol, and cenobamate. Suicidality was evaluated in 17 randomized clinical trials of these drugs, involving 5996 patients, of whom 4000 patients were treated with ASMs and 1996 with placebo. There was no evidence of increased risk of suicidal ideation (drugs vs placebo overall risk ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.35-1.60) or attempt (risk ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.30-1.87) overall or for any individual drug. Suicidal ideation occurred in 12 of 4000 patients treated with ASMs (0.30%) vs 7 of 1996 patients treated with placebo (0.35%) (P = .74). Three patients treated with ASMs and no patients treated with placebo attempted suicide (P = .22). There were no completed suicides.There is no current evidence that the 5 ASMs evaluated in this study increase suicidality in epilepsy and merit a suicidality class warning.
A novel <scp>4‐mRNA</scp> signature predicts the overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zizhen Chen, Junzhe Song, Wenjun Wang, Jiaojiao Bai, Yuhui Zhang, Jun Shi, Jie Bai, Yuan Zhou
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2021)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer of myeloid cells with high levels of heterogeneity and great variability in prognostic behaviors. Cytogenetic abnormalities and genetic mutations have been widely used in the prognostic stratification of AML to assign patients into different risk categories. Nevertheless, nearly half of AML patients assigned to intermediate risk need more precise prognostic schemes. Here, 336 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AML and control samples and 206 genes representing the intratumor heterogeneity of AML were identified. By applying a LASSO Cox regression model, we generated a 4‐mRNA prognostic signature comprising KLF9 , ENPP4 , TUBA4A and CD247 . Higher risk scores were significantly associated with shorter overall survival, complex karyotype, and adverse mutations. We then validated the prognostic value of this 4‐mRNA signature in two independent cohorts. We also proved that incorporation of the 4‐mRNA‐based signature in the 2017 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) risk classification could enhance the predictive accuracy of survival in patients with AML. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that this signature was independent of traditional prognostic factors such as age, WBC count, and unfavorable cytogenetics. Finally, the molecular mechanisms underlying disparate outcomes in high‐risk and low‐risk AML patients were explored. Therefore, our findings suggest that the 4‐mRNA signature refines the risk stratification and prognostic prediction of AML patients.
26573 Maintenance of response after guselkumab withdrawal in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: A post hoc analysis of the VOYAGE 2 trial
Authors: Curdin Conrad, Andreas Körber, Knut Schäkel, Diamant Thaçi, Gero Joks, Maria Jazra, Sven Wegner, Robert Wapenaar, Carle Paul
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Health and social needs of migrant construction workers for big sporting events
Authors: Kristine Husøy Onarheim, Kai Hong Phua, Zahra R Babar, Andreas D Flouris, Sally Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Governments, international sports bodies, and industry must take responsibility for barriers to health experienced by migrant workers involved in events such as the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup, argue <b>Kristine Husøy Onarheim and colleagues</b>
Safety and efficacy of BI 695501 versus adalimumab reference product in patients with advanced Crohn's disease (VOLTAIRE-CD): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial
Authors: Stephen Hanauer, Bernd Liedert, Sigrid Balser, Ekkehard Brockstedt, Viktoria Moschetti, Stefan Schreiber
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2021)
間質性膀胱炎/疼痛性膀胱症候群の治療のための治療用グリコサミノグリカンの膀胱内薬物送達の温度応答性絹-エラスチン様蛋白質ポリマーによる増強【JST・京大機械翻訳】
Authors: Jensen M. Martin, Jia Wanjian, J Schults Austin, J Isaacson Kyle, Steinhauff Douglas, Green Bryant, B Zachary, Cappello Joseph, Ghandehari Hamidreza, Oottamasathien Siam
Journal: Biomaterials (2019)
The DNA methylation landscape of multiple myeloma shows extensive inter- and intrapatient heterogeneity that fuels transcriptomic variability
Authors: Jennifer Derrien, Catherine Guérin-Charbonnel, Victor Gaborit, Loïc Campion, Magali Devic, Elise Douillard, Nathalie Roi, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Olivier Decaux, Thierry Facon, Jan-Philipp Mallm, Roland Eils, Nikhil C. Munshi, Philippe Moreau, Carl Herrmann, Florence Magrangeas, Stéphane Minvielle
Journal: Genome Medicine (2021)

Cancer evolution depends on epigenetic and genetic diversity. Historically, in multiple myeloma (MM), subclonal diversity and tumor evolution have been investigated mostly from a genetic perspective. Here, we performed an analysis of 42 MM samples from 21 patients by using enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (eRRBS). We combined several metrics of epigenetic heterogeneity to analyze DNA methylation heterogeneity in MM patients. We show that MM is characterized by the continuous accumulation of stochastic methylation at the promoters of development-related genes. High combinatorial entropy change is associated with poor outcomes in our pilot study and depends predominantly on partially methylated domains (PMDs). These PMDs, which represent the major source of inter- and intrapatient DNA methylation heterogeneity in MM, are linked to other key epigenetic aberrations, such as CpG island (CGI)/transcription start site (TSS) hypermethylation and H3K27me3 redistribution as well as 3D organization alterations. In addition, transcriptome analysis revealed that intratumor methylation heterogeneity was associated with low-level expression and high variability. We propose that disrupted DNA methylation in MM is responsible for high epigenetic and transcriptomic instability allowing tumor cells to adapt to environmental changes by tapping into a pool of evolutionary trajectories.
Avoiding COVID-19 Outbreaks in Carceral Settings
Authors: A. Asa Clemenzi-Allen, Lisa A. Pratt
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

In 2011, the US Supreme Court ruled in Brown v Plata 1 that the State of California was unable to provide adequate health care to incarcerated people in the prison system primarily owing to overcrowding of the California prisons.This ruling represented the first time in US history that the highest levels of government forced a pause in the expansion of mass incarceration.A decade later, we have another opportunity to review the outcomes of overcrowding on incarcerated people, through the lens of COVID-19 risk.At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were 2.3 million people imprisoned in the US in jails, prisons, and detention centers, with a consistently disproportionate number of Black/African American and Latinx people compared with White individuals. 2As we grappled with the enormity of the potential effects of COVID-19 on the patients and staff in carceral settings, medical and legal experts called for the reduction of jail and prison populations, highlighting both the enhanced risk of transmission in these crowded congregate settings and the vulnerability of incarcerated people who have disproportionately higher rates of chronic conditions. 3Unfortunately, predictions were borne out: the rate of COVID-19 disease has been 5.5 times higher in people who are incarcerated compared with the general population.It is now evident that a substantial number of these infections could have been averted by following recommendations for population reduction early in the COVID-19 pandemic. 3n this issue of JAMA Internal Medicine in a retrospective analysis by Leibowitz et al 4 of 14 state prisons between April 2020 and January 2021, which included a total weekly average of 6876 persons, the authors evaluated the association of crowding, as measured by the total building design capacity and by the proportion of people housed in individual cells.The prisons ranged in their median crowding level during the study period from 25% to 155% of design capacity and ranged from a median of 7% to 100% of people housed in single-cell units during the study period.In 3 separate models, Leibowitz et al 4 found a dose-response association between the primary predictor variable and cases of COVID-19 while controlling for average weekly SARS-CoV-2 incidence in the surrounding community.In 1 model, there was a 4.86-fold higher rate (95% CI, 1.37-17.27) of SARS-CoV-2 cases in prisons with a population at 100% or greater of design capacity compared with prisons operating at 70% or less of design capacity.Infections were lower in prisons that had a higher percentage of people housed in single-cell units.Owing to limited testing availability in prisons and the possibility of asymptomatic infection, these
Area-level and family-level socioeconomic position and body composition trajectories: longitudinal analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Charis Bridger Staatz, Yvonne Kelly, Rebecca E Lacey, Rebecca Hardy
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2021)

BackgroundInequalities in the trajectories of body composition in childhood and adolescence have been infrequently studied. Despite the importance of environmental factors in obesity development, little research has looked at area-level socioeconomic position, independent of family socioeconomic position. We aimed to assess how inequalities in body composition develop with age.MethodsThe Millennium Cohort Study is a longitudinal study of 19 243 families who had a child born between 2000 and 2002 in the UK. Multilevel growth curve models were applied to examine change in fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI; using the Benn index), and fat mass to fat free mass ratio (FM:FFM), measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, from ages 7 years to 17 years by the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) and household income at baseline.FindingsInequalities in FMI and FM:FFM ratio are evident at age 7 years and widen with age. At age 17 years, adolescents in the most disadvantaged IMD group had FMI 0·57 kg/mB (B=Benn parameter; 95% CI 0·43 to 0·70) higher and FM:FFM ratio 0·037 (95% CI 0·026 to 0·047) higher compared with the most advantaged group. Disadvantaged socioeconomic position is associated with higher FFMI but is reversed in adolescence after adjustment for FMI. Inequalities were greater in girls at age 7 years (mean FMI 0·22 kg/mB; 95% CI 0·13 to 0·32) compared with boys of the same age (0·05 kg/mB; –0·04 to 0·15, p=0·3), but widen fastest in boys, especially for FMI, in which there was over an 11 times increase in the inequality from age 7 years of 0·05kg/mB (95% CI –0·04 to 0·15) to 0·62 kg/mB at 17 years (0·42 to 0·82). Inequalities for the IMD were similar to income, and persisted at age 17 years independent of family socioeconomic position.InterpretationChildhood and adolescence is an important period to address inequalities in body composition, as they emerge and widen. Policies should consider FFM as well as FM, and inequalities in the environment.FundingMedical Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council.
Correspondence on “Update on the diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus” by Fanouriakis et al
Authors: Zhuochao Zhou, Yijun You, Fan Wang, Yue Sun, Jialin Teng, Honglei Liu, Xiaobing Cheng, Yutong Su, Hui Shi, Chengde Yang, Junna Ye
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Correspondence on "Update on the diagnosis and management of systemic lupus erythematosus" by Fanouriakis et al This review 1 provided a comprehensive update on recent developments in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and proposed several new viewpoints.In terms of diagnosis, the authors were the first to put forward two types of clinical SLE, in addition to classified SLE.Particularly, in the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology score <10 category in figure 4, the authors suggested that an immunological score of ≥2 together with a clinical score of ≥6 could be regarded as clinical SLE.Therefore, a patient with any joint involvement (six points) and positive antiphospholipid antibodies (two points) could be considered as having clinical SLE.However, in clinical practice, this patient could also be diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome.In addition, in the negative antinuclear antibody category, a patient with positive antiphospholipid antibodies and with joint (six points) and haematologic (four points) involvement could be diagnosed with clinical SLE under their proposed diagnostic approach.Clinically, a patient with lymphoma could also have these characteristics and the use of these diagnostic criteria might lead to misdiagnosis as SLE.Hence, we suggest that the criteria for clinical SLE, as defined in this review, require more careful consideration.In terms of treatment, cyclophosphamide is also widely used in moderate activity SLE, especially in lupus nephritis (LN).This was not mentioned in figure 5 of this review.Furthermore, EULAR/European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association guidelines suggest that the treatment of LN should be based on kidney biopsy results, 2 which should be emphasised in the Lupus nephritis section of this review.
Ambient air pollution and the risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Jamie I Verhoeven, Youssra Allach, Ilonca C H Vaartjes, Catharina J M Klijn, Frank-Erik de Leeuw
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2021)

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and the second most common cause of death worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that air pollution is an emerging risk factor for stroke. Over the past decades, air pollution levels have continuously increased and are now estimated to be responsible for 14% of all stroke-associated deaths. Interpretation of previous literature is difficult because stroke was usually not distinguished as ischaemic or haemorrhagic, nor by cause. This Review summarises the evidence on the association between air pollution and the different causes of ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke, to clarify which people are most at risk. The risk for ischaemic stroke is increased after short-term or long-term exposure to air pollution. This effect is most pronounced in people with cardiovascular burden and stroke due to large artery disease or small vessel disease. Short-term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage, a subtype of haemorrhagic stroke, whereas the effects of long-term exposure are less clear. Limitations of the current evidence are that studies are prone to misclassification of exposure, often rely on administrative data, and have insufficient clinical detail. In this Review, we provide an outlook on new research opportunities, such as those provided by the decreased levels of air pollution due to the current COVID-19 pandemic.
27147 Antimalarials as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19: A retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Nikolai Klebanov, Vartan Pahalyants, William S. Murphy, Jordan T. Said, Nicholas Theodosakis, Stacey Duey, R. Monina Klevens, Evelyn Lilly, Maryam Asgari, Yevgeniy R. Semenov
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)

Introduction: Limited data is available on antimalarials' role as pre-exposure COVID-19 prophylaxis. Given their common use in management of chronic autoimmune disease, we investigated their effect on COVID-19 risk. Methods: Retrospective study of 3,074 patients prescribed hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and quinacrine between July 1, 2019 and February 29, 2020 and 58,955 matched controls, cross-referenced with Massachusetts Department of Public Health data on COVID-19 infection and all-cause mortality from March 1 through June 19, 2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of COVID-19 positivity between patients on antimalarials and controls, adjusting for age, sex, race, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), median income, and local COVID-19 rate. Poisson regression was then used to compare all-cause mortality among COVID-19 positive cases. Results: The patients in the two groups were on average 57.0 years old, 84.9% women, 80.9% white; mean age-adjusted CCI 3.72). There were 51 (1.7%) patients with COVID-19 and 3 deaths (5.9%) in the antimalarial group, and 973 (1.6%) patients with COVID-19 and 83 deaths (8.5%) in the control group. No protective effect against COVID-19 was observed among patients prescribed antimalarials (OR = 1.06, [0.80-1.40], P = .70) or against subsequent mortality (OR = 0.99 [0.31-3.17], P = .99). Conclusions: Antimalarials did not change COVID-19 infection susceptibility or subsequent mortality, which does not support their use as prophylaxis.
Intubation Practices and Adverse Peri-intubation Events in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Joshua A. Bloomstone, William F. Eckhardt
Journal: JAMA (2021)

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P-132 Molecular profiling of KIT and PDGFRA in Chilean GIST patients: A Latin-American perspective
Authors: M. Muñoz-Medel, A. Heredia, M. Garrido, A. Sabioncello, M. Córdova-Delgado, I. Retamal, M. Pinto, P. Fernandez, M. Garrido
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)