tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Targeting glutamine addiction in meningioma
Authors: Anh Nhat Tran
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Meningioma, which arises from the arachnoid layer of the meninges, is the most common type of primary intracranial neoplasm.1 Meningiomas are classified into WHO histological grades: grade 1 tumors (around 80% total) are considered slow-growing and benign, grade 2 tumors are atypical (around 18%) and the rest of the cases are anaplastic (grade 3).1 Even though most of the tumors are considered benign, they may still impact brain structures, severely reduce the quality of life, and even be lethal. Standard of care for symptomatic meningiomas is maximum safe resection, followed by radiotherapy for atypical and anaplastic lesions.2 Prognosis for patients with higher-grade meningiomas are poor, recurrence is common, and 5-year survival rates are low. Chemotherapies for meningiomas are not available and clinical trial results with a number of chemotherapy agents have been inconsistent and disappointing,3 which represent a major challenge for patient treatment and care. In this issue of Neuro-Oncology, Ijare et al show the potential for glutaminase (GLS) inhibitors as therapeutic candidates for meningioma.4 Using 1H NMR spectroscopy on surgically resected tumors, they found elevated levels of several nonessential amino acids, including alanine, lactate, glutamate, glutamine, and glycine, in grade II meningioma. In both grade I and II meningiomas, glutamine was shown by 13C/15N tracing to be actively utilized as a carbon and nitrogen source for biosynthesis of intermediates that are essential to tumor cell proliferation, such as alanine and proline. Glutamine metabolism, therefore, might play a key role in tumor growth in the hypoxic condition. Targeting glutamine metabolic pathways, as reported in this study by using the GLS1 inhibitor CB-839 (Telaglenastat), led to decreased meningioma cell proliferation.
EUSTACHIAN CATHETERIZATION.
Authors: STEPHEN OLIN RICHEY
Journal: JAMA (1900)

To quote Politzer, "Most emphatically, it frequently happens that catheterism of the tube, as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent; can not be replaced by any other method." Gruber calls it "an indispensable aid to both the diagnosis and treatment of many aural affections." In agreement with these veteran otologists, I think, of the many methods of reaching and influencing diseases of the middle ear, which form the vast majority of those for which the aurist is consulted, that no one is so important as, or has the precision and efficiency of, the catheter. This is so true, though not generally accepted, that I venture to suggest that no man should claim to do the best character of aural work unless he possesses skill and dexterity in its use; the skill to enter the Eustachian orifice with reasonable promptness, fully appreciating the effect he is producing with and through it on
Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins: Technology landscape of lipid-based nanocarriers
Authors: Soheil Haddadzadegan, Farid Dorkoosh, Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2022)

The oral administration of therapeutic peptides and proteins is favoured from a patient and commercial point of view. In order to reach the systemic circulation after oral administration, these drugs have to overcome numerous barriers including the enzymatic, sulfhydryl, mucus and epithelial barrier. The development of oral formulations for therapeutic peptides and proteins is therefore necessary. Among the most promising formulation approaches are lipid-based nanocarriers such as oil-in-water nanoemulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), liposomes and micelles. As the lipophilic character of therapeutic peptides and proteins can be tremendously increased such as by the formation of hydrophobic ion pairs (HIP) with hydrophobic counter ions, they can be incorporated in the lipophilic phase of these carriers. Since gastrointestinal (GI) peptidases as well as sulfhydryl compounds such as glutathione and dietary proteins are too hydrophilic to enter the lipophilic phase of these carriers, the incorporated therapeutic peptide or protein is protected towards enzymatic degradation as well as unintended thiol/disulfide exchange reactions. Stability of lipid-based nanocarriers towards lipases can be provided by the use to excipients that are not or just poorly degraded by these enzymes. Nanocarriers with a size <200 nm and a mucoinert surface such as PEG or zwitterionic surfaces exhibit high mucus permeating properties. Having reached the underlying absorption membrane, lipid-based nanocarriers enable paracellular and lymphatic drug uptake, induce endocytosis and transcytosis or simply fuse with the cell membrane releasing their payload into the systemic circulation. Numerous in vivo studies provide evidence for the potential of these delivery systems. Within this review we provide an overview about the different barriers for oral peptide and protein delivery, highlight the progress made on lipid-based nanocarriers in order to overcome them and discuss strengths and weaknesses of these delivery systems in comparison to other technologies.
Rapid-Onset Cystic Bronchiectasis in a Mechanically Ventilated Patient with COVID-19
Authors: Michael Gilmartin, Ahmad Basirat, Conor Barry, Hassan Rahman, Aoife Doolan, Darragh Halpenny, Brendan Hogan, Minesh Kooblall, Stephen J. Lane
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)
Books In Brief
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
iscellanea edica
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 58: Extracellular RNA Response to Acute Exercise
Authors: Ravi V Shah, Avash Das, Olivia Ziegler, Ashish Yeri, Amanda Courtright-Lim, Ernest Gervino, Jeffrey Ocel, Pablo Pinzon-Quintero, Alexander Pico, Mun Chun Chan, Gregory Lewis, Ionita Ghiran, Kendall Jenson, Saumya Das
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

The benefits of acute exercise on distant organs (including the neurocognitive system) have been recognized, suggesting existence of biomarkers that mediate exercise benefits in target organs. Extracellular RNAs (ex-RNAs) are RNA molecules stable in circulation, capable of regulating gene expression across multiple target organs at a distance. In 26 individuals without clinical cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction or heart failure), we performed small non-coding RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) from plasma before and after symptom-limited treadmill exercise, with validation of selected microRNAs (miRNAs) in pulmonary arterial blood from 59 individuals referred for cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Acute exercise produced widespread shifts in the plasma ex-RNA transcriptome, with a host of novel ex-RNA subtypes with unknown function (e.g., yRNAs). miR-181b (involved in silencing of NFkB-mediated inflammation in obesity and vascular disease) was significantly increased at peak exercise (relative to rest) in both our discovery (2.3-fold increase after exercise, P=8.46x10 -11 ) and validation cohort (P=0.02). In a mouse model of acute exercise, we found that skeletal muscle miR-181b expression increased in young but not old mice after exercise, with a corresponding reduction in miR-181b mRNA targets. These results provide the first unbiased demonstration of diversity in ex-RNA release after acute exercise in humans, and suggest anti-inflammatory benefits of acute exercise may be mediated in part by circulating non-coding RNAs.
The IL-17a and IL-22 cytokines like triggers of human liver fibrosis
Authors: Daria Kartasheva-Ebertz, Jesintha Gaston, Massault Pierre-Philippe, Gaujoux Sebastien, Olivier Scatton, Jean-Christophe Vaillant, Vladimir A. Morozov, Stanislas Pol, Sylvie Lagaye
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Public health versus political frontiers
Authors: None The Lancet
Journal: The Lancet (2007)

Rarely has an issue of The Lancet so well reflected the lack of respect shown by microorganisms to national and international frontiers. When economies are threatened, motivation to find solutions is increased, as was illustrated by the control of the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 in China. But the scales of the HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis epidemics, particularly in Asia, warrant an aggressive and committed approach to strengthening health systems and to facilitating international collaboration in disease control.
Nutritional management in acute respiratory failure
Authors: S. K. Pingleton
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Nutrition in the intensive care unit is receiving increased attention. Patients with acute respiratory failure from primary lung disease are often initially malnourished, or become malnourished secondary to increased metabolic demands or inadequate nutritional support. Adverse effects of malnutrition on lung function include decreased respiratory muscle function, decreased ventilatory drive, and altered lung defense mechanisms. Nutritional support should be strongly considered if the patient has evidence of malnutrition by nutritional assessment or has a high likelihood of becoming malnourished by virtue of severe, prolonged critical illness. General nutritional goals in the intensive care unit include maintenance of body weight and lean body mass. Proper nutritional therapy includes assessment of adequate caloric requirements and appropriate protein, carbohydrate, and fat composition of the nutritional support. Nutritional therapy should be closely monitored with body weight and nitrogen-balance measurements. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:3094-3099)
Liquid biopsy detection of genomic alterations in pediatric brain tumors from cell-free DNA in peripheral blood, CSF, and urine
Authors: Mélanie Pagès, Denisse Rotem, Gregory Gydush, Sarah Reed, Justin Rhoades, Gavin Ha, Christopher Lo, Mark Fleharty, Madeleine Duran, Robert Jones, Sarah Becker, Michaela Haller, Claire E Sinai, Liliana Goumnerova, Todd R Golub, J Christopher Love, Keith L Ligon, Karen D Wright, Viktor A Adalsteinsson, Rameen Beroukhim, Pratiti Bandopadhayay
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract Background The ability to identify genetic alterations in cancers is essential for precision medicine; however, surgical approaches to obtain brain tumor tissue are invasive. Profiling circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in liquid biopsies has emerged as a promising approach to avoid invasive procedures. Here, we systematically evaluated the feasibility of profiling pediatric brain tumors using ctDNA obtained from plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine. Methods We prospectively collected 564 specimens (257 blood, 240 urine, and 67 CSF samples) from 258 patients across all histopathologies. We performed ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing (ULP-WGS) to assess copy number variations and estimate tumor fraction and developed a pediatric CNS tumor hybrid capture panel for deep sequencing of specific mutations and fusions. Results ULP-WGS detected copy number alterations in 9/46 (20%) CSF, 3/230 (1.3%) plasma, and 0/153 urine samples. Sequencing detected alterations in 3/10 (30%) CSF, 2/74 (2.7%) plasma, and 0/2 urine samples. The only positive results were in high-grade tumors. However, most samples had insufficient somatic mutations (median 1, range 0-39) discoverable by the sequencing panel to provide sufficient power to detect tumor fractions of greater than 0.1%. Conclusions Children with brain tumors harbor very low levels of ctDNA in blood, CSF, and urine, with CSF having the most DNA detectable. Molecular profiling is feasible in a small subset of high-grade tumors. The level of clonal aberrations per genome is low in most of the tumors, posing a challenge for detection using whole-genome or even targeted sequencing methods. Substantial challenges therefore remain to genetically characterize pediatric brain tumors from liquid biopsies.
Durvalumab plus tremelimumab alone or in combination with low-dose or hypofractionated radiotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer refractory to previous PD(L)-1 therapy: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial
Authors: Jonathan D Schoenfeld, Anita Giobbie-Hurder, Srinika Ranasinghe, Katrina Z Kao, Ana Lako, Junko Tsuji, Yang Liu, Ryan C Brennick, Ryan D Gentzler, Carrie Lee, Joleen Hubbard, Susanne M Arnold, James L Abbruzzese, Salma K Jabbour, Nataliya V Uboha, Kevin L Stephans, Jennifer M Johnson, Haeseong Park, Liza C Villaruz, Elad Sharon, Howard Streicher, Mansoor M Ahmed, Hayley Lyon, Carrie Cibuskis, Niall Lennon, Aashna Jhaveri, Lin Yang, Jennifer Altreuter, Lauren Gunasti, Jason L Weirather, Raymond H Mak, Mark M Awad, Scott J Rodig, Helen X Chen, Catherine J Wu, Arta M Monjazeb, F Stephen Hodi
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Prognostic value of ulceration varies across Breslow thicknesses and clinical stages in acral melanoma: a retrospective study*
Authors: Xiaoting Wei, Di Wu, Yu Chen, Hang Li, Rui Zhang, Hong Yao, Zhihong Chi, Chuanliang Cui, Xue Bai, Lili Mao, Zhonghui Qi, Ke Li, Shijie Lan, Lizhu Chen, Rui Guo, Xinyu Yao, Bin Lian, Yan Kong, Jie Dai, Bixia Tang, Xuan Wang, Jun Guo, Lu Si
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Ulceration is regarded as an adverse prognostic factor and is used together with tumour thickness to subcategorize patients with cutaneous melanoma. However, the prognostic impact of ulceration in acral melanoma (AM) is controversial.To assess the prognostic impact of ulceration in AM and the variability across different Breslow thicknesses and clinical stages.A multicentre retrospective study of patients diagnosed with AM between January 2000 and December 2017. Differences in melanoma-specific survival (MSS) between patients with and without ulceration were assessed using the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and log-rank test.Among 1053 enrolled patients, 62.6% had ulceration. After a median follow-up of 61 months, patients with ulceration had a lower median MSS than those without: 66.1 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 60.0-86.0 vs. not reached; hazard ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.09-1.82; P = 0.012. Among patients with thin (≤ 1 mm) melanoma, the survival curves of patients with vs. without ulceration clearly separated over time (P < 0.001). No association between ulceration and MSS was observed for melanomas of thickness > 1 mm (subgroups of T2, T3 and T4; all P-values > 0.05) or patients with stage III disease (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.71-1.68, P = 0.39).Ulceration is an independent negative prognostic factor for patients with AM, but the impact varies across Breslow thicknesses and clinical stages. Ulceration has a significant effect on prognosis for patients with thin (≤ 1 mm) melanoma, but there was no association between ulceration and survival in intermediate/thick AM or stage III AM. What is already known about this topic? Ulceration status is used together with Breslow tumour thickness to subcategorize patients into different stages according to the America Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system. As one distinctive subtype of cutaneous melanoma, acral melanoma (AM) is characterized by poor survival outcomes due to delayed diagnosis and a high prevalence of negative prognostic and genetic features. The prognostic impact of ulceration in AM is still controversial. What does this study add? This was the first large-scale study to assess the prognostic and staging values of ulceration in patients with AM. Ulceration has a significant effect on prognosis for patients with thin (≤1 mm) melanoma, but no association between ulceration and survival was found in intermediate/thick or stage III AM. These findings should be considered when using ulceration-based staging systems.
Traumatic Neuroses.
Authors: R. Sayre Harnden
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Waverly, N. Y., Oct. 13, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I note with surprise the discussion on Professor Bevan's paper in issue of September 22. Is it possible the majority of those taking part in the discussion represent the highest attainment of the neurologists of the present era? If so, there is small wonder that corporations do not generally employ them. I have too much respect for the eminent men, universally known and esteemed throughout the world, who have espoused that field to believe any such thing. Professor Bevan's experience is that of most experienced surgeons, be they railway surgeons or others. While I can not concur in all he says, in the main my experience for thirty years corroborrates his views. But I wish briefly to refer to such authorities as Brourdel, Paget, Charcot and many others of equally worldwide fame, who state the proportion of simulated cases of traumatic
Error in Abstract
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2021)

Thomas Santo Jr, MPH; Brodie Clark, BPsych; Matt Hickman, PhD; Jason Grebely, PhD; Gabrielle Campbell, PhD; Luis Sordo, MD, PhD; Aileen Chen, BPsych; Lucy Thi Tran, BPsychSc; Chrianna Bharat, BSc; Prianka Padmanathan, MRCPsych; Grainne Cousins, PhD; Julie Dupouy, MD, PhD; Erin Kelty, PhD; Roberto Muga, MD, PhD; Bohdan Nosyk, PhD; Jeong Min, MSc; Raimondo Pavarin, MPH; Michael Farrell, MD; Louisa Degenhardt, PhD
Cyclophosphamide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone (CyBorD) Induction Followed By ASCT with HDM or Bor-HDM Conditioning Regimens: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Victor H Jimenez-Zepeda, Peter Duggan, Paola Neri, Ahsan Chaudhry, Joanne Luider, Nizar J Bahlis
Journal: Blood (2015)
Treatment of Fractures.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Body imaging for newly diagnosed CNS lymphoma: Evaluating the utility of the evaluation
Authors: Julie J Miller, Nancy Wang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is restricted to the brain, spinal cord, cerebral spinal fluid, and vitreoretinal space, with most cases classified as diffuse large B-cell type.1 The CNS can also be involved secondarily in systemic lymphoma. The most effective first-line treatment regimens for CNS lymphoma include high-dose methotrexate, rituximab, and an alkylating chemotherapy, resulting in 2-year progression-free survival rates of 50%-60%.2 Methotrexate-based regimens, however, are generally ineffective for the management of extracranial disease, highlighting the importance of a full assessment of sites of lymphoma involvement. Therefore, the International PCNSL Collaborative Group (IPCG), the European Association for Neuro-Oncology, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network all recommend a full extent of disease evaluation after the diagnosis of lymphomatous lesions affecting the CNS, in order to rule out the presence of systemic disease,3,4 involving a contrast-enhanced CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis or a whole-body PET/CT scan.
Selective A2A adenosine receptor agonist, for pharmacological stress test during myocardial perfusion imaging Jean-Noel Trochu, Gong Zhao, Xiaobin Xu, Luiz Belardinelli, Francis L. Belloni, Thomas H. Hintze. New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, CVTherapeutics, Palo Alto, CA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Forum for Residents
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal