tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Salary Differences between Men and Women Internists in Pennsylvania
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients18 July 2000Salary Differences between Men and Women Internists in PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00023 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?An increasing number of doctors in the United States are women. Some previous studies have indicated that women doctors tend to receive lower salaries and advance more slowly in their profession than do men doctors. It is unclear, however, whether these seeming disadvantages for women doctors are due to the types of jobs they select, the number of hours they work, or gender discrimination. One large national survey of doctors done about 10 years ago suggested that the salary differences between men and women doctors were disappearing, but ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Salary Equity among Male and Female Internists in Pennsylvania.” It is in the 18 July 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 133, pages 104-110). The authors are R.B. Ness, F. Ukoli, S. Hunt, S.C. Kiely, M.A. McNeil, V. Richardson, N. Weissbach, and S.H. Belle.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSalary Equity among Male and Female Internists in Pennsylvania Roberta B. Ness , Flora Ukoli , Susan Hunt , Sharon C. Kiely , Melissa A. McNeil , Vanessa Richardson , Nancy Weissbach , and Steven H. Belle Metrics 18 July 2000Volume 133, Issue 2Page: 104KeywordsGender discriminationMedical educationResidency ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 18 July 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
National Diabetes Month — November 2018
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

November is National Diabetes Month. In the United States, approximately 30 million persons are living with diabetes and 84 million with prediabetes (1). Persons with prediabetes are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke (2). Likewise, women who have had gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life (2). However, type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed through a structured lifestyle change program that promotes weight loss, healthy eating, and increased physical activity (2). A report on changes in gestational diabetes in the United States is included in this issue of MMWR (3).
PTH-079 Thiopurine Withdrawal for Sustained Remission in IBD: A UK Multicentre Study
Authors: N A Kennedy, S J Reynolds, R Dattani, H Nayee, R Felwick, R Harris, S M Senanayake, H Al-Hilou, D R Gaya, P Irving, M Parkes, J F R F Cummings, I D Arnott, J Satsangi, A Lobo, J O Lindsay, C W Lees
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Thiopurine therapy is effective in maintaining clinical remission in IBD. However, long-term therapy is associated with an increased risk of lymphoma; therefore in clinical practise it may be appropriate to withdraw thiopurines after prolonged remission. Nevertheless, many patients will experience disease relapse within 12 months of drug withdrawal. <h3>The Aim</h3> of the present study was to retrospectively determine the relapse rate in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) following azathioprine (AZA) or mercaptopurine (MP) withdrawal and to determine factors predictive of relapse. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients were identified by electronic case note review of IBD patients in eight major centres around the United Kingdom. Major inclusion criteria were AZA and/or MP therapy for a minimum of 3 years, AZA/MP withdrawn due to sustained clinical remission no steroid therapy for 6 months prior to drug withdrawal, and minimum 12 months follow-up. The primary outcome was disease relapse requiring AZA reinitiation, steroids or colectomy within 12 months of AZA/MP withdrawal, with secondary outcome assessed at 24 months. Clinical/laboratory predictors of relapse were sought. <h3>Results</h3> Data was obtained on 97 patients with CD and 78 with UC. Median age at diagnosis was 26y (interquartile range [IQR] 20–38), and 49% were female. Median duration of thiopurine use was 73 months (IQR 54–104). Median duration of follow-up was 39 months (IQR 24–65 months). CD was associated with a significantly higher risk of relapse than UC on Kaplan Meier analysis (Figure 1, p = 0.024). The moderate-severe relapse rate for 12 months was 27% for CD and 14% for UC. For 24 months, relapse rates were 41% for CD and 28% for UC. Elevated CRP was predictive of relapse at 12 months for CD (0 = 0.017), while elevated platelet count was predictive of relapse at 24 months for UC (0.021). Retreatment with a thiopurine after relapse was successful in 34/39 (87%) for CD and 17/18 (94%) cases for UC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Relapse rates after withdrawal of a thiopurine are high, particularly for CD, and predicting this remains difficult. The findings regarding CRP and CD in this data highlight the importance of ensuring patients are in deep remission prior to drug withdrawal. Further studies should evaluate the role of faecal calprotectin in this. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
P101: GUT MICROBIOTA IMPACT ON ANGOLAN CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Authors: M Brito, M Delgadinho, C Ginete, J Mendes, J Vasconcelos, B Santos
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most prevalent genetic diseases, affecting between 20 and 25 million people worldwide. In the Sub-Saharan Africa, where it is more prevalent, it contributes to 50–80% of under-5 mortality. Clinical manifestations of SCD are very heterogeneous and the intestinal microbiome appears to be crucial in the modulation of inflammation, cell adhesion and induction of aged neutrophils, which are the main interveners of recurrent vaso-occlusive crisis. Enterocyte injury, increased permeability, altered microbial composition, and bacterial overgrowth have all been documented as microbial and pathophysiologic changes in the gut microbiome of SCD patients in recent research studies. Microbiota analysis in SCD populations will be essential to demonstrate the importance of specific bacteria and their function in this disease and provide new insights for attenuating symptoms and new drug targets. Aims: Given this, our aim is to sequence by NGS bacterial 16S RNA gene in order to characterize the gut microbiome of SCD children and healthy siblings, as a control. A written informed consent was presented and explained to all the guardian participants prior to the data collection. A total of 72 stool samples were obtained from children between 3–14 years old. Results: Our preliminary results showed that the SCD and control samples exhibit some notable differences in microbiota relative abundance, at different levels of classification. Children with the disease have a higher number of the phylum Actinobacteria (p=0.013) with a mean of sequences of 5.47% (± 3.49), while the siblings have a mean of 3.25% (± 2.98). As for the genus level, only Clostridium cluster XI bacteria was more prevalent in the SCD children, whereas the siblings had higher numbers of Blautia, Aestuariispira, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Polaribacter and Anaerorhabdus. Conclusion: There is still much to learn before fully relying on the therapeutic approaches for gut modulation, which is why more research in this field is crucial to making this a reality. This works as been supported by FCT/Aga Khan (project n°330842553) and FCT/MCTES (UIDB/05608/2020 and UIDP/05608/2020) –H&TRC. References 1. Lim et al. J. Transl. Med. 14, 1–3 (2016). 2. Lim et al. Am. J. Hematol. 93, E91–E93 (2018). 3. Brim et al. Gastroenterology 152, S631 (2017). 4. Dutta et al. Br. J. Haematol. 188, 488–493 (2020).
mTORC2 critically regulates renal potassium handling
Authors: Florian Grahammer, Viatcheslav Nesterov, Azaz Ahmed, Frederic Steinhardt, Lukas Sandner, Frederic Arnold, Tomke Cordts, Silvio Negrea, Marko Bertog, Marcus A. Ruegg, Michael N. Hall, Gerd Walz, Christoph Korbmacher, Ferruh Artunc, Tobias B. Huber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2016)

The mTOR pathway orchestrates cellular homeostasis. The rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex (mTORC1) in the kidney has been widely studied; however, mTORC2 function in renal tubules is poorly characterized. Here, we generated mice lacking mTORC2 in the distal tubule (Rictorfl/fl Ksp-Cre mice), which were viable and had no obvious phenotype, except for a 2.5-fold increase in plasma aldosterone. Challenged with a low-Na+ diet, these mice adequately reduced Na+ excretion; however, Rictorfl/fl Ksp-Cre mice rapidly developed hyperkalemia on a high-K+ diet, despite a 10-fold increase in serum aldosterone levels, implying that mTORC2 regulates kaliuresis. Phosphorylation of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) and PKC-α was absent in Rictorfl/fl Ksp-Cre mice, indicating a functional block in K+ secretion activation via ROMK channels. Indeed, patch-clamp experiments on split-open tubular segments from the transition zone of the late connecting tubule and early cortical collecting duct demonstrated that Ba2+-sensitive apical K+ currents were barely detectable in the majority of Rictorfl/fl Ksp-Cre mice. Conversely, epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity was largely preserved, suggesting that the reduced ability to maintain K+ homeostasis is the result of impaired apical K+ conductance and not a reduced electrical driving force for K+ secretion. Thus, these data unravel a vital and nonredundant role of mTORC2 for distal tubular K+ handling.
P47.06 TROPION-Lung04: Datopotamab Deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) Plus Durvalumab and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced NSCLC
Authors: H. Borghaei, M. Gutierrez, S. Waqar, S. Kitazono, J. Yin, J. Xie, F. Guevara, K. Papadopoulos
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Vitamin B12–dependent taurine synthesis regulates growth and bone mass
Authors: Pablo Roman-Garcia, Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez, Lynda Mottram, Liesbet Lieben, Kunal Sharan, Arporn Wangwiwatsin, Jose Tubio, Kirsty Lewis, Debbie Wilkinson, Balaji Santhanam, Nazan Sarper, Simon Clare, George S. Vassiliou, Vidya R. Velagapudi, Gordon Dougan, Vijay K. Yadav
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Both maternal and offspring-derived factors contribute to lifelong growth and bone mass accrual, although the specific role of maternal deficiencies in the growth and bone mass of offspring is poorly understood. In the present study, we have shown that vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency in a murine genetic model results in severe postweaning growth retardation and osteoporosis, and the severity and time of onset of this phenotype in the offspring depends on the maternal genotype. Using integrated physiological and metabolomic analysis, we determined that B12 deficiency in the offspring decreases liver taurine production and associates with abrogation of a growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF1) axis. Taurine increased GH-dependent IGF1 synthesis in the liver, which subsequently enhanced osteoblast function, and in B12-deficient offspring, oral administration of taurine rescued their growth retardation and osteoporosis phenotypes. These results identify B12 as an essential vitamin that positively regulates postweaning growth and bone formation through taurine synthesis and suggests potential therapies to increase bone mass.
Error in the Statistical Analysis Subsection of the Methods Section
Authors: Jessica Huston, Evan Brittain
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Donald Clark III, MD, MPH; Lisandro D. Colantonio, MD, PhD; Yuan-I Min, PhD; Michael E. Hall, MD, MS; Hong Zhao, MSPH; Robert J. Mentz, MD; Daichi Shimbo, MD; Gbenga Ogedegbe, MD; George Howard, PhD; Emily B. Levitan, ScD; Daniel W. Jones, MD; Adolfo Correa, MD, PhD; Paul Muntner, PhD
Correction: CD45 Targeting Using an scFv4SA Fusion Protein
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

In the article on CD45 targeting using an scFv4SA fusion protein in the April 1, 2006 issue of Cancer Research ( [1][1]), the authors generated several different genetic constructs including one with the VL-Linker1-VH-Linker2-Streptavidin configuration and one with the reverse orientation of the
The Public Service
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Translational Implications of Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Sergio A. Quezada, James Larkin, Charles Swanton
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Advances in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have led to an unprecedented view of the cancer genome and its evolution. Genomic studies have demonstrated the complex and heterogeneous clonal landscape of tumors of different origins and the potential impact of intratumor heterogeneity on treatment response and resistance, cancer progression, and the risk of disease relapse. However, the significance of subclonal mutations, in particular mutations in driver genes, and their evolution through time and their dynamics in response to cancer therapies, is yet to be determined. The necessary tools are now available to prospectively determine whether clonal heterogeneity can be used as a biomarker of clinical outcome and to what extent subclonal somatic alterations might influence clinical outcome. Studies that use longitudinal tissue sampling, integrating both genomic and clinical data, have the potential to reveal the subclonal composition and track the evolution of tumors to address these questions and to begin to define the breadth of genetic diversity in different tumor types and its relevance to patient outcome. Such studies may provide further evidence for drug-resistance mechanisms informing combinatorial, adaptive, and tumor immune therapies placed within the context of tumor evolution. Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1258–66. ©2015 AACR.
Effects of sacubitril/valsartan versus valsartan on renal function in patients with and without diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from <scp>PARAGON‐HF</scp>
Authors: Alexander Peikert, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Finnian McCausland, Brian L Claggett, Safia Chatur, Milton Packer, Marc A Pfeffer, Faiez Zannad, Martin P Lefkowitz, Burkert Pieske, Hans-Dirk Düngen, John J V McMurray, Scott D Solomon
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2022)
Verteporfin-mediated on/off photoswitching functions synergistically to treat choroidal vascular diseases
Authors: Yahan Ju, Xiaochan Dai, Zhimin Tang, Zunzhen Ming, Ni Ni, Dongqing Zhu, Jing Zhang, Bo Ma, Jiajing Wang, Rui Huang, Siyu Zhao, Yan Pang, Ping Gu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Choroidal vascular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, are the leading cause of vision impairment and are characterized by pathological angiogenesis. Verteporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy is a current strategy that selectively occludes choroidal neovasculature. However, the clinically used large-dose systemic administration increases the risk of systemic adverse events, such as phototoxicity to superficial tissues. In this study, we developed an in situ verteporfin delivery system with a photoswitching synergistic function that disassembles in response to intraocular inflammatory enzymes. Under light-on conditions, verteporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy effectively occurs and this leads to vascular occlusion. Under light-off conditions, non-photoactive verteporfin negatively regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis as a yes-associated protein inhibitor. Taken together, our system serves as an intraocular verteporfin reservoir to improve the bioavailability of verteporfin by innovatively exploiting its photochemical and biological functions. This work provides a promising strategy with synergistic antiangiogenic effects for the treatment of choroidal vascular diseases.
Comparing wolves and dogs: current status and implications for human ‘self-domestication’
Authors: Friederike Range, Sarah Marshall-Pescini
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2022)

Based on claims that dogs are less aggressive and show more sophisticated socio-cognitive skills compared with wolves, dog domestication has been invoked to support the idea that humans underwent a similar 'self-domestication' process. Here, we review studies on wolf-dog differences and conclude that results do not support such claims: dogs do not show increased socio-cognitive skills and they are not less aggressive than wolves. Rather, compared with wolves, dogs seek to avoid conflicts, specifically with higher ranking conspecifics and humans, and might have an increased inclination to follow rules, making them amenable social partners. These conclusions challenge the suitability of dog domestication as a model for human social evolution and suggest that dogs need to be acknowledged as animals adapted to a specific socio-ecological niche as well as being shaped by human selection for specific traits.
Allergic Asthma Patients Experience Lower Rates of Asthma Exacerbation Compared to Non-Allergic Asthma Patients Following COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Rishi Jaswaney, Katharine Foster, Donyea Moore, Aame Andy-Nweye, Mahboobeh Mahdavinia
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Letter to the editor: Hepatocyte proliferation peak and β‐oxidation in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Fuchen Liu, Wenli Zhang, Hui Liu
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

To the editor, We read with great interest the article by Hall et al.[1] They stated that to mimic the peak of hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration, mice were sacrificed 3 days after two‐thirds partial hepatectomy.[1] However, the peak of hepatocyte proliferation occurs between 1.5 and 2 days in mice based on previous studies.[2] And different cell types also have various peaks of proliferation during liver regeneration after hepatectomy.[2] The statement could lead to relatively one‐sided conclusions. Furthermore, Hall et al. claimed that β‐oxidation was reduced overall in proliferating hepatocytes.[1] However, it is reported that the respiratory exchange ratio markedly dropped and that lipid β‐oxidation was the favored energy source for regenerating liver within the first 32 h in mice after two‐thirds partial hepatectomy and then recovered toward prehepatectomy levels from 32 h onward.[3] The process of liver regeneration after two‐thirds partial resection is divided into three phases—initiation, progression, and termination—whose metabolic function is varied across different phases.[2–4] This article by Hall et al. revealed the β‐oxidation status of proliferating hepatocytes in only one phase of liver regeneration in mice, which did not fully present the lipid metabolic status across phases of liver regeneration. In addition, the physiological process of transient regeneration–associated steatosis of hepatocytes inevitably develops within 48 h after two‐thirds hepatectomy in mice,[3,5] and we believe that the lipid components of hepatocytes could be varied across different phases of liver regeneration, which may have a great impact on the reliability of the critical conclusions of the article by Hall et al. Therefore, an unrepresentative time point of hepatocyte proliferation was selected in the article by Hall et al., and multiple regeneration time points should be explored in this study to obtain solid conclusions. The dynamic metabolic process of proliferating hepatocytes should be given more attention in a partial hepatectomy model. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Nothing to report. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Fuchen Liu and Wenli Zhang shared co‐first authorship. Conceptualization: Hui Liu. Drafting and writing: Fuchen Liu, Wenli Zhang, and Hui Liu.
Abstract 345: Aggregation of Child Cardiac Progenitor Cells into Spheres Activates Notch Signaling and Improves Treatment of Right Ventricular Heart Failure
Authors: David Trac, Chunhui Xu, Michael E Davis
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

Congenital heart disease is rarely cured by surgery and can lead to life-threatening, intractable right ventricular heart failure (HF). Recent stem cell-based clinical trials have been limited by poor differentiation rates and low cell retention. We propose the aggregation of child cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) into scaffold-free spheres to improve the differentiation of CPCs into mature cardiac phenotypes by enhancing intercellular Notch signaling, a key regulator of CPC fate decisions. Child CPC spheres were produced at a size of 1500 cells per sphere using a microwell array and cultured in suspension for up to 14 days with 70-80% cell viability. By 7 days in culture, aggregation of CPCs increased protein expression of Notch1 intracellular domain (3.8-fold) and transcript expression of Notch1 signaling pathway members, including ADAM10 (3.6-fold), DLL1 (25.0-fold), and JAG1 (3.2-fold), compared to parallel monolayer cultures. Increased Notch signaling activity was accompanied by high transcript levels of cardiac differentiation markers, including MEF2C, MYH7, and cTNNI. In particular, Nkx2.5, an important transcription factor for cardiomyocyte development, was robustly expressed within the nuclei of aggregated CPCs. Inhibition of Notch signaling activity using the small molecule γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT abrogated these effects, including the nuclear translocation of Nkx2.5. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of CPC spheres compared to single CPCs, right ventricular HF was induced in rats by pulmonary artery banding and cells were transplanted into the right ventricular free wall. By 28 days, echocardiographic measurements showed significantly improved right ventricular function with CPC sphere transplantation compared to single CPC transplantation (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion: 2.03±0.2 vs. 1.61±0.22 mm, P&lt;0.001). Additionally, CPC aggregation improved cell retention at 28 days compared to single CPCs as measured using DiR-labeled CPCs (29.2±4.0 vs. 11.1±7.3% of day 0 fluorescence, P&lt;0.005). The results of our project will facilitate the development of autologous stem-cell based therapies for pediatric HF.