tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MOTOR NOTES FOR MEDICAL MEN
Authors: H. M. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1920)

PATRICK GEDDEs has been actuated, not only by admiration for the first Indian of modern times to do distinguished work in science, but by his interest in raising and maintaining the professional standard and ideal above and beyond racial differences.This biography is, indeed, also a sociological study with the object of encouraging science students, especially in India, to over- come difficulties, and so follow the example successfully set by Sir Jagadis Bose.Born in 1858 in Eastern Bengal, and attracted to physics by the teaching of Father Lafont, professor in St. Xavier's College, Calcutta, Bose came to England with the object of studying medicine; but, as ill health rendered this inadvisable, he went up to Christ's College, Cambridge, and eventually, arme(d with science degrees from London as well as Cam)bridge, returned to India to tale up teaching and research in physics.After considerable initial difficulties, he settled dowvn to work and carried otut fuirther researches on Hertz's electric waves with results which met with warm approval from Lord Kelvin.Subsequently tlle electric rcsponse of inorganic and living matter engrossed his attention.A full account is given of the experimnents on
Distribution of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) across genitourinary (GU) malignancies.
Authors: Nataliya Mar, Matthew Slaught, Dalia Kaakour, Armon Azizi, Jennifer Brooke Valerin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

480 Background: Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have revolutionized management of GU malignancies. These agents are associated with a unique subset of toxicities that are immune-mediated, with a broad clinical spectrum that may affect any organ. Patients can also experience ³1 irAE involving multiple organ systems. Individual patient susceptibilities and type of CPI used may influence the incidence and type of irAEs that may develop. Wehypothesize that there are also differences in irAEs based on the histologic malignancy subtype. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with GU malignancies who received CPIs at the University of California Irvine using an outpatient oncology pharmacy database. Data was collected from 1/1/2020 to 6/30/2021. Patients were aged ³18 years and had a diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), prostate adenocarcinoma, or penile squamous cell carcinoma. Patients must have received ³1 dose of a CPI agent including ipilimumab (I), nivolumab (N), pembrolizumab (P), atezolizumab (At), avelumab (Av), durvalumab (D), and cemiplimab (C). Results: A total of 128 patients who received 141 unique CPI regimens were included. Documented irAEs were noted in 50.0% of patients and 18.4% had ³1 irAE. A total of 99 unique irAEs were recorded. In those who experienced irAEs, 92.2% of patients received CPIs in the metastatic setting and 7.8% in the adjuvant setting. In those who experienced irAEs, 12.5% of patients received combination CPIs with I+N, while 87.5% received single-agent CPI. In those who experienced irAEs, 46.8% of patients had UC, 50.0% had RCC, 1.6% had prostate cancer, and 1.6% had penile cancer. In those who experienced irAEs, 24.2% had skin rash or pruritis, 23.2% had endocrinopathies, 14.1% had colitis, 13.1% had other toxicity including arthritis, 12.0% had hepatitis, 3.9% had myositis, 2.9% had pneumonitis, 1.9% had neurologic toxicity including myasthenia gravis and encephalitis, 1.9% had carpal tunnel syndrome, 1.9% had nephritis, and 0.9% had autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Various irAEs for UC and RCC are summarized in Table. Conclusions: In this dataset, there were differences in type and incidence of irAEs in patients with UC and RCC, while the sample size was too small to draw conclusions about patients with prostate and penile cancer. Further investigation is needed involving other solid tumor types, including non-GU malignancies, to definitively answer this question.[Table: see text]
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1966)

We publish below a selection of questions and answers of general interest.Addiction to Dihydrocodeine Q.-Is there any danger of addiction to dihydrocodeine bitartrate when used in longterm therapy ?A.-Dihydrocodeine was first used as a cough suppressant in Germany about 50 years ago, but its value as an analgesic has been appreciated only more recently.'It is one of a group of synthetic morphine-like drugs which have been claimed to have greater potency and less toxicity than codeine.Seed et al.' state that dihydrocodeine is addictive but is nearer to codeine than mor- phine in this respect.The World Health
Atlas and Epitome of Otology.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blocking CD73 Can Shrink Pancreatic Tumors
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Abstract [Abstract:] A recently reported clinical trial yielded positive results for a CD73 inhibitor that reduces production of immunosuppressive adenosine in patients with pancreatic cancer. The patients, who also received chemotherapy and a PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, had an overall response rate of 41%. Tumors shrank or stabilized in 85% of patients who received the drug for 16 weeks.
Spezielle klinisch-chemische Methoden.
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Muscular Dystrophy: Some Recent Advances in Knowledge
Authors: J. N. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1964)

It is perhaps fitting that I should spend a few moments in reminding you of some details of the life of the man to whose memory this lecture is dedicated.Theodore Goulston was the son of a country rector; he was born in 1574, took his M.D. of Oxford in 1610, and in the same year passed the examinations of the College of Physicians, being elected to the Fellowship in 1611.He was rapidly successful in his career as a physician, and in 1614 was credited with saving the life of the Archbishop of Canterbury (Keevil, 1953).He first became a Censor of the College in 1615, and in 1619 his important translation of the works of Aristotle appeared.Among the bequests in his will it is interesting to note that he bequeathed £20 for the repair of St. Paul's Cathedral and a similar sum for the relief of the poor of the parish, but gave £200 to the Royal College of Physicians to endow this lecture.I have been relieved to learn that whereas originally the lecturer was asked to treat of two, three, or more diseases and to lecture in the forenoon and afternoon of three successive days, the Board of Censors in their wisdom subse- quently decreed that two Goulstonian Lectures should be given, and in comparatively recent years that number was reduced to one. Historical DetailsProbably the first recognizable report of muscular dystrophy in the literature was that of Meryon (1852), who described a form of granular degeneration of the voluntary muscles occurring in four brothers.It was, however, Duchenne in 1868 who gave the first clear-cut description of pseudohyper- trophic muscular paralysis in children, and although at first these cases were believed to be similar pathologically to progres- sive muscular atrophy in adult life, the subsequent descriptions of Leyden (1876) and Mobius (1879), each of whom described a form of progressive atrophy of proximal limb muscles, made it apparent that this group of disorders was pathologically distinctive.Further support for this view, based not only upon clinical descriptions but also upon careful pathological observa- tions, came in 1884 from the work of Erb, who described a juvenile or scapulohumeral form of muscular dystrophy.In the same year the facioscapulohumeral variety was described by Landouzy and Dejerine (1884).Myopathic weakness of the external ocular muscles had been described in 1879 by Hutchin-> son, and a subsequent report by Fuchs (1890) confirmed the existence of such a syndrome, while in 1902 Gowers showed that there was a group of uncommon cases in which a similar myopathic process sometimes involved the distal muscles of the limbs and that these cases could be distinguished from the peroneal muscular atrophy of Charcot, Marie, and Tooth.
Blood Grouping
Authors: A. E. Mourant
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Persons whose blood group needs to be known for medical reasons fall into three classes: blood donors, blood transfusion recipients, and pregnant women.Blood donors are almost exclusively grouped by the National Blood Transfusion Service.Relatively small numbers are grouped by the Greater London Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and by individual hospitals.It practically never happens that a donor has to be grouped or a sample taken for grouping other than at a large transfusion centre of some sort.Apart from the most severe obstetrical haemorrhages, and uncontrollable haemorrhages due to accidental trauma, transfusions are never carried out away from hospitals.Such obstetrical and traumatic cases will, in general, be transfused with group 0, Rh-negative blood by " flying squads " without preliminary group- ing.Hence blood grouping of recipients is always carried out in hospitals or is done for them by the laboratories of the National Blood Transfusion Service.The same applies to the direct matching between the blood of donors and recipients.The blood grouping of pregnant women is carried out for antenatal clinics by hospital laboratories or by the National Blood Transfusion Service, and the necessary samples are taken at the clinics.When a pregnant woman is not attending a clinic, her own doctor should arrange for the performance of the necessary tests either at the local hospital laboratory (as for other pathologi- cal tests) or at the Regional Blood Transfusion Centre.
PRESYNAPTIC RECEPTORS
Authors: Richard J. Miller
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1998)

▪ Abstract Activation of different types of G-protein-linked and ionotropic presynaptic receptors has been shown to regulate neurotransmitter release throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the case of G-protein-linked receptors, three major mechanisms have been suggested: (a) inhibition of Ca channels in the nerve terminal; (b) the activation of presynaptic K channels, resulting in a reduction in the effectiveness of the action potential; and (c) direct modulation of one or more components of the neurotransmitter vesicle release apparatus. In the case of ionotropic presynaptic receptors, inhibition of release may be achieved through depolarization of the terminal and inactivation of Na and Ca channels. Activation of presynaptic ionotropic receptors that are appreciably Ca permeable can also enhance the release of transmitters as a result of their ability to raise [Ca] i in the terminal directly. Many transmitters employ several of these mechanisms, thus allowing considerable flexibility in the presynaptic regulation of transmitter release.
European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in adults
Authors: Renaud Louis, Imran Satia, Inigo Ojanguren, Florence Schleich, Matteo Bonini, Thomy Tonia, David Rigau, Anne ten Brinke, Roland Buhl, Stelios Loukides, Janwillem W. H. Kocks, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Arnaud Bourdin, Courtney Coleman, Karen Needham, Mike Thomas, Marco Idzko, Alberto Papi, Celeste Porsbjerg, Daniel Schuermans, Joan B. Soriano, Omar S. Usmani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Although asthma is very common affecting 5-10% of the population, the diagnosis of asthma in adults remains a challenge in the real world that results in both over- and under-diagnosis. A task force (TF) was set up by the European Respiratory Society to systematically review the literature on the diagnostic accuracy of tests used to diagnose asthma in adult patients and provide recommendation for clinical practice.The TF defined eight PICO (Population, Index, Comparator, and Outcome) questions that were assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach, The TF utilised the outcomes to develop an evidenced-based diagnostic algorithm, with recommendations for a pragmatic guideline for everyday practice that was directed by real-life patient experiences.The TF support the initial use of spirometry followed, and if airway obstruction is present, by bronchodilator reversibility testing. If initial spirometry fails to show obstruction, further tests should be performed in the following order: FeNO, PEF variability or in secondary care, bronchial challenge. We present the thresholds for each test that are compatible with a diagnosis of asthma in the presence of current symptoms.The TF reinforce the priority to undertake spirometry and recognise the value of measuring blood eosinophils and serum IgE to phenotype the patient. Measuring gas trapping by body plethysmography in patients with preserved FEV
Laboratory features of pleural effusions.
Journal: BMJ (1980)

evidence that the Medical Research Council found convincing 50 years ago.One of the most interesting proposals is that the 10 areas with the worst mortality records should become special development areas to which £30m of extra funds might be given.This is a far more ambitious proposal than Sir Keith Joseph's demonstration centres for such services as geriatric care and rehabilitation eight years ago or the earlier attempt to start health centres in underdoctored areas.Such an overall effort might indeed help, though it would inevitably produce new inequalities.The report contains a mass of material.thatdeserves full analysis.It is, however, far less well presented than and different in form from the US Health Department publication Healthy People of a year ago.It has a different purpose-furthering change in an established service-and concerns other departments as well as the DHSS.Surely it should be examined more closely than Patrick Jenkin's foreword suggests that it has been.Even though its objects are not attainable in the short term and may be wrong in some major respects, it could be modified so as to become a long-term development plan for health and social services.Mr Jenkin should think again.
Dermatitis.
Authors: A D Ormerod, M I White
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Dermatitis may be caused by endogenous factors as in atopic dermatitis or by exogenous factors as in contact dermatitis.Both types of factors may coexist in the same patient, and determination of aetiological factors is often difficult as the skin changes associated with atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, irritant derma- titis, and fungal infections can be very similar.Allergic contact dermatitis usually causes itching and is char- acterised by erythematous papules or vesicles.Oedema in the upper dermis and epidermis may cause large vesicles or small bullae resulting in weeping and, later, crusting.If the dermatitis becomes chronic the skin will become dry and scaly with thickening and exaggerated markings and may crack.The distribution of the dermatitis may provide important clues, with areas of dermatitis corresponding to areas in contact with the sensitising agent.Allergic contact dermatitis tends to be more severe and vesicular than irritant dermatitis and is more likely to spread to sites distant from the primary site.
Lifetime Cardiovascular Disease Risk by Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Individuals With and Without Diabetes: An Analysis From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Bart S. Ferket, M.G. Myriam Hunink, Umesh Masharani, Wendy Max, Joseph Yeboah, Gregory L. Burke, Kirsten E. Fleischmann
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE To assess lifetime cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by coronary artery calcium (CAC) score in individuals with diabetes from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and compare risk with that in individuals without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We developed a microsimulation model with well, diabetes, post-CVD, and death health states using multivariable time-dependent Cox regression with age as time scale. We initially used 10-year follow-up data of 6,769 MESA participants, including coronary heart disease (CHD) (n = 272), heart failure (n = 201), stroke (n = 186), and competing death (n = 619) and assessed predictive validity at 15 years. We externally validated the model in matched National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants. Subsequently, we predicted CVD risk until age 100 years by diabetes, 10-year pooled cohort equations risk, and CAC score category (0, 1–100, or 100+). RESULTS The model showed good calibration and discriminative performance at 15 years, with discrimination indices 0.71–0.78 across outcomes. In the NHANES cohort, predicted 15-year mortality risk corresponded well with Kaplan-Meier risk, especially for those with diabetes: 29.6% (95% CI 24.9–34.8) vs. 32.4% (95% CI 27.2–37.2), respectively. Diabetes increased lifetime CVD risk, similar to shifting one CAC category upward (from 0 to 1–100 or from 1–100 to 100+). Patients with diabetes and CAC score of 0 had a lifetime CVD risk that overlapped with that of individuals without diabetes who were at low 10-year pooled cohort equations risk (&amp;lt;7.5%). CONCLUSIONS Patients with diabetes carry a spectrum of CVD risk. CAC scoring may improve decisions for preventive interventions for patients with diabetes by better delineating lifetime CVD risk.
Annals Graphic Medicine - What I Learned From COVID-19 (Until Now)
Authors: Lucia Briatore, Ilaria Pozzi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Web Exclusives12 May 2020Annals Graphic Medicine - What I Learned From COVID-19 (Until Now)FREELucia Briatore, MD, PhD and Ilaria PozziLucia Briatore, MD, PhDSavona, Italy (L.B., I.P.)Search for more papers by this author and Ilaria PozziSavona, Italy (L.B., I.P.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G20-0045 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lucia Briatore, MD, PhD; Ilaria PozziAffiliations: Savona, Italy (L.B., I.P.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G20-0045.Author/Illustrator Information: Lucia Briatore, MD, PhD, is an internist and diabetologist working in Pietra Ligure, Savona, Italy. Ilaria Pozzi is a freelance illustrator in Savona, Italy.This article was published at Annals.org on 12 May 2020.Written by Lucia Briatore, MD, PhD, and illustrated by Ilaria Pozzi. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 June 2020Volume 172, Issue 12 Page: W157-W159 Keywords COVID-19 Disclosure Health care ePublished: 12 May 2020 Issue Published: 16 June 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
"Ultrasound swallow".
Authors: D Stevens
Journal: BMJ (1978)

cook to boil an egg, but it is hardly necessary or desirable.Doctors should be important teachers of health care and be able to concentrate their other skills and expertise mainly on complex problems and diseases which are often their major interest.This would ensure the greater availability of appropriate care at all the required levels for people who might otherwise be denied this.Many may feel threatened by change and resist any delegation of part of their traditional roles.Innovative schemes with all acting in a responsible fashion should ensure both the greater wellbeing of the community and justifiably earn the trust of patients.The primary health care nurse is a valuable member of the health care team in her own right and should not be seen as a "doctor-substitute" or assistant.
Covid-19: Vaccinated people are less likely to get long covid, review finds
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2022)

19: Vaccinated people are less likely to get long covid, review finds Elisabeth MahasePeople who had been fully vaccinated against covid-19 were around half as likely to develop long covid symptoms as people who had received only one vaccine dose or were unvaccinated, the UK Health Security Agency has said.