tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise-induced enhancement of immune function in the rat.
Authors: J CKaufman, T JHarris, JHiggins, A SMaisel
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDThere have been many anecdotal reports that regular, moderate exercise confers some protective immunity against infection. There has been little scientific evidence to support this. It is also unclear whether training alters lymphocyte trafficking from the spleen to the periphery after a bout of exhaustive exercise.METHODS AND RESULTSTo determine the effect of moderate training on in vivo antibody production, using rats as an animal model, we gradually trained 18 rats using a swimming protocol for a 4-week period after injection and booster with Keyhole limpet hemocyanin antigen. There were 9 age-matched controls. At the conclusion of training, both groups underwent a short-term exhaustive swim. The trained group showed marked enhancement of IgM and IgG production. After short-term exercise, both groups had acute lymphocytosis, mainly T(suppressor)/cytolytic and natural killer cells with decreases in T(helper) (trained), B cells, and the Th-to-Ts ratio. The changes in the splenocyte subsets were...
The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in ischemia-induced increases in canine skeletal muscle vascular permeability.
Authors: R JKorthuis, D NGranger, M ITownsley, A ETaylor
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Previous studies indicate that vascular permeability is increased in skeletal muscle subjected to 4 hours of inflow occlusion. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the increase in permeability are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the role of oxygen-derived free radicals and histamine as putative mediators of the increased permeability in skeletal muscle subjected to 4 hours of inflow occlusion. The osmotic reflection coefficient for total plasma proteins and isogravimetric capillary pressure were estimated in canine gracilis muscle for the following conditions: control, ischemia, and ischemia plus pretreatment with allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor), catalase (a peroxidase that reduces hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen), superoxide dismutase (a superoxide anion scavenger), dimethyl sulfoxide (a hydroxyl radical scavenger), diphenhydramine (a histamine H1-receptor blocker), or cimetidine (a histamine H2-receptor blocker). Ischemia, followed by reperfusion, significantly re...
Altered control of hindlimb vascular resistance by vagal afferents in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Difference in the early and late stage of hypertension.
Authors: SHoka, ATakeshita, KYamamoto, NIto, TAshihara, MNakamura
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The aim of this study was to examine whether control of vascular resistance by vagal afferents is altered in the early as well as late stage of hypertension. We examined the effects of vagotomy on hindlimb vascular resistance as well as on arterial baroreflex control of hindlimb vascular resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats, 12 and 35 weeks old. Vagotomy in rats with the intact arterial baroreceptors increased hindlimb vascular resistance in all four groups. Hindlimb vascular responses to graded sympathetic nerve stimulation were closely linear up to 6 Hz in all groups, and the slope of the response was approximately 1.4 times steeper in spontaneously hypertensive than in Wistar-Kyoto rats, in both the young and old groups. The increase in hindlimb vascular resistance after vagotomy normalized by the slope of the response to sympathetic nerve stimulation was greater in young spontaneously hypertensive rats than in young Wistar-Kyoto rats, but was less in old spontaneously hy...
Medical management of the patient with angina pectoris: an overview of the problem.
Authors: T JReeves
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The medical management of angina pectoris requires a comprehensive approach to the patient and his family, including attention not only to established physiologic and pharmacologic principles, but also to the emotional aspects of his illness. When comprehensive management is systematically and rigorously applied to the patient with angina pectoris, excellent relief of the symptoms of angina pectoris can be achieved in a high percentage of patients, although there are significant numbers of patients who are refractory to the most intensive management using presently available drugs. The same fundamental principles of care apply to patients with coronary heart disease who undergo aortocoronary bypass surgery and to those treated medically.
Mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening in prolapsed mitral leaflet syndrome.
Authors: DPisano, S DCha, A SGooch, VMaranhao, HGoldberg
Journal: Circulation (1977)

In 26 patients with mitral valve prolapse, ventricular function was evaluated by mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (MVCF) as measured along the basilar, middle and apical axes. Significantly increased rates of MVCF were found in patients with mitral prolapse along the basilar axis (1.75 +/- 0.23 circ/sec) and middle axis (2.09 +/- 0.34 cir/sec) (P less than 0.025 and P less than 0.05, respectively). Patients with mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation demonstrated a significant increase in MVCF along the basilar axes (1.72 +/- 0.15 cir/sec) (P less than 0.05). Asynergy apperars to have a negative effect on the MVCF along the middle axis. The MVCF was found not to be related to clinical findings, symptoms or electrocardiographic changes. The mechanism for the increase in MVCF in patients with mitral valve prolapse remains unsettled.
45P Analysis of lung cancer patient pathway: A 6-year nationwide analysis from Hungary
Authors: K. Bogos, G. Gaffly, Z. Kiss, L. Tamási, G. Ostoros, V. Müller, L. Urbán, N. Bittner, V. Sárosi, A. Vastag, Z. Polányi, A. Daniel, B. Nagy, G. Rokszin, Z. Abonyi-Tóth, Z. Barcza, J. Moldvay, Z. Vokó
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Doppler and echocardiographic characteristics of patients having an Austin Flint murmur.
Authors: P SRahko
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to investigate the genesis of the Austin Flint murmur using Doppler and echocardiographic imaging.METHODS AND RESULTSA total of 51 patients having significant aortic insufficiency and an anatomically normal mitral valve were evaluated. They were divided into two groups; 30 patients had an audible Austin Flint murmur (AFM+) and 21 did not (AFM-). All patients had a complete M-mode, two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiographic examination to characterize left ventricular size and function, motion of the mitral valve, transmitral flow velocities, direction of the aortic insufficiency jet, and severity of aortic insufficiency. There was no significant difference in severity of aortic insufficiency between groups. There was, however, a significant difference in direction of the insufficiency jet. In the AFM+ group compared with the AFM- group, for the parasternal long-axis view 24 (80%) versus eight (38%) had their insufficiency jet directed at the mitral valve, for th...
Symptoms, adverse effects, and complications associated with dobutamine stress echocardiography. Experience in 1118 patients.
Authors: HMertes, S GSawada, TRyan, D SSegar, RKovacs, JFoltz, HFeigenbaum
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThe use of dobutamine stress echocardiography for the evaluation of coronary artery disease is rapidly expanding. New applications of the technique are being investigated in a wide variety of patients including those with advanced coronary artery disease. Despite its widespread use, the safety of dobutamine stress echocardiography has not been sufficiently documented.METHODS AND RESULTSA consecutive series of 1118 patients undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography for evaluation of known or suspected coronary artery disease form the basis of this report. Dobutamine stress testing was performed for evaluation of chest pain, risk assessment before noncardiac surgery, after recent myocardial infarction, or as a part of ongoing research protocols. Over the study period, the maximal dose of dobutamine used was increased from 30 to 50 micrograms/kg per minute, and atropine was used in 420 (37%) patients. There were no occurrences of death, myocardial infarction, or episodes of sustained ventricula...
Left ventricular function in trained and untrained healthy subjects.
Authors: B ZBar-Shlomo, M NDruck, J EMorch, GJablonsky, J DHilton, D HFeiglin, P RMcLaughlin
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Left ventricular function was compared in 18 normal sedentary controls (mean age 28 years, range 22 - 34 years) and nine endurance-trained athletes (mean age 19 years, range 15 - 25 years) at rest and during supine bicycle exercise. Gated radionuclide angiocardiograms were performed at rest and at each level of graded maximal supine bicycle exercise. Heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction and the relative changes in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were assessed. Athletes attained a much greater work load than controls (mean 22.1 kpm/kg body weight vs 13 kpm/Kg body weight). Both groups achieved similar increased in heart rate, blood pressure and ejection fractions. In the controls, the mean end-diastolic volume increased to 124% of that at rest (p less than 0.02) during exercise and the mean end-systolic volume decreased to 81% of the rest level (p less than 0.02). In contrast, the mean end-diastolic volume did not significantly change during exercise in the...
Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Resection for T1 Colorectal Carcinomas
Authors: F Corre, M Barret, V Lepilliez, JP Ratone, J Albouys, G Rahmi, D Karsenti, JM Canard, E Chabrun, M Camus, T Wallenhorst, M François, R Gérard, B Terris, A Rouquette, R Coriat, J Jacques, S Chaussade
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims The progress made over the past ten years in therapeutic endoscopy allows treating superficial colorectal cancers with low morbidity and no mortality. According to ESGE guidelines, additional surgery is required for high-risk tumors, i.e. with at least one of the four following histological risk factors: deep submucosal infiltration (> 1000µm), poorly differentiated tumor, lymphovascular invasion or high-grade tumor budding. We aimed to confirm the validity of these parameters in a Western population.
Platelet-activating factor contributes to the induction of nitric oxide synthase by bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
Authors: CSzabó, C CWu, J AMitchell, S SGross, CThiemermann, J RVane
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

This study investigates the role of endogenous platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the production of nitric oxide (NO) by constitutive and inducible isoforms of NO synthase (NOS) in endotoxin shock. In anesthetized rats, 3 hours of endotoxemia resulted in a fall in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) from 127 +/- 5 (control) to 61 +/- 7 mm Hg and a reduction of the pressor responses to norepinephrine (NE, 1 microgram.kg-1) from 33 +/- 3 (control) to 17 +/- 2 mm Hg. Endotoxemia for 3 hours also resulted in a significant reduction in the contractile effects of NE (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L) in thoracic aortas ex vivo. This hyporeactivity to NE was due to an enhanced formation of NO, for it was restored by the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Animals pretreated with the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2086 maintained higher MAP (MAP at 180 minutes, 98 +/- 6 mm Hg) and exhibited more pronounced pressor responses to NE at 180 minutes after LPS injection. Moreover, WEB 2086 attenuated by 58% the lipopoly...
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Paul Angulo, Keith D. Lindor
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic syndrome of unknown etiology commonly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and characterized by fibrosing inflammatory destruction of intra-and/or extrahepatic biliary ducts. 1 Although the course may be variable from one patient to another, PSC is often progressive, leading to biliary cirrhosis and its complications. 2 Along with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), PSC constitutes one of the most common chronic cholestatic liver diseases in adults, but unlike PBC, effective medical therapy is not yet available.Currently, liver transplantation is the only life-extending therapeutic alternative for patients with end-stage PSC.
"Blockers" can benefit from 300IR house dust mite tablet-results of a large multicentre clinical trial in house dust mite induced allergic rhinitis patients
Authors: P. Demoly, P. Creticos, F. De Blay, Philippe Gevaert, K. Kowal, M. Le Gall, N. Nenasheva, G. Passalacqua, O. Pfaar, M. Tortajada-Girbes, C. Vidal, T. Casale, J. Corren
Journal: Allergy (2019)
Renal chemoreceptors in the rat.
Authors: G MRecordati, N GMoss, LWaselkov
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

There are afferent nerve fibers responsive to alterations of the kidney's chemical environment in the renal nerves of the rat. In anesthetized, artificially ventilated, male Sprague-Dawley rats, single unit recordings were prepared by dissection of the centrally cut nerves of the right kidney. The stimuli used included occlusion of the renal artery, systemic asphyxia, changes in renal arterial and venous pressures, changes in ureteral pressure, and cyanide infusion. We found a population of sensory nerve fibers whose endings are activated only during markedly impaired renal blood flow (produced by clamping the renal artery, severe hypotension below 40 mm Hg, and prolonged occlusion of the renal vein), and during systemic asphyxia. The same units are not responsive to increases and decreases in systemic arterial pressure (range: 40--190 mm Hg), to ureteral pressure (range: 0--50 mm Hg), or to changes in renal venous pressure. None of the 40 single units studied was spontaneously active; their pattern of ac...
Cellular mechanisms for synthesis and secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in cultured rat atrial cells.
Authors: ESuzuki, YHirata, OKohmoto, TSugimoto, HHayakawa, HMatsuoka, MKojima, KKangawa, NMinamino
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

To investigate the cellular mechanism for the synthesis and secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), we examined the effects of vasoactive agents on the secretion rates and gene expression of ANP and BNP in cultured rat atrial cells. Endothelin (10(-7) M, +61%), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA, 10(-6) M, +62%), the calcium ionophore A23187 (10(-6) M, +95%), and Bay K 8644 (10(-6) M, +34%) (p < 0.05 each) all increased the secretion of ANP into the culture media in a dose-dependent fashion. On the other hand, endothelin (10(-7) M, +57%) and TPA (10(-6) M, +55%) (p < 0.01 each) increased the secretion of BNP in a dose-dependent manner, whereas A23187 (10(-6) M, -45%, p < 0.001) suppressed the secretion of BNP in a dose-dependent manner, and Bay K 8644 caused no significant effects on BNP secretion. The molecular forms of intracellular ANP were exclusively gamma-ANP, whereas those of BNP were gamma-BNP and its carboxy terminal 45-amino-acid peptide, BNP-45....
Digital subtraction fluoroscopy: a new method of detecting coronary calcifications with improved sensitivity for the prediction of coronary disease.
Authors: RDetrano, DMarkovic, CSimpfendorfer, IFranco, JHollman, FGrigera, WStewart, NRatcliff, E ESalcedo, JLeatherman
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The association between calcification of the coronary arteries and coronary artery narrowing is well established. However, fluoroscopic visualization of coronary calcifications has been insufficiently sensitive to be useful as a screening test. Since digitization of radiographic images permits the subtraction of noncardiac structures from moving cardiac structures, such subtraction might increase the sensitivity of coronary fluoroscopy. To determine whether coronary calcifications were better visualized with digital subtraction fluoroscopy than with conventional fluoroscopy, we taped diseased human coronary arteries to a pulsating water balloon inside the thorax of a dog cadaver and studied this model with both fluoroscopic techniques. Calcific atherosclerotic plaques were more easily identified with digital subtraction fluoroscopy than with conventional fluoroscopy. We tested the method clinically by submitting 191 subjects without history or electrocardiographic evidence of previous myocardial infarctio...
Hairy Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Lung Vaso-Occlusion in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Prithu Sundd, Maritza Ann Jimenez, Margaret F. Bennewitz, Tomasz Brzoska, Egemen Tutuncuoglu, Gregory J. Kato, Mark T Gladwin
Journal: Blood (2017)
Reflected reentry in nonhomogeneous ventricular muscle as a mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias.
Authors: G JRozanski, JJalifé, G KMoe
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Arrhythmogenesis in ventricular muscle exhibiting nonhomogeneous excitability was studied in isolated tissues from feline and canine hearts. Longitudinal bundles were mounted in a three-chambered bath and simultaneous transmembrane recordings were obtained from fibers in each chamber. Nonhomogeneous excitability was established by depressing only the central segment (1 to 2 mm wide) with high-K+ Tyrode's solution, which induced discontinuity of propagation associated with step delays mediated by electrotonic current flowing through the depressed zone. When transmission delays were long, activity distal to the site of block returned to proximal tissue as one of two forms of reflected reentry, each elicited by a different mechanism. Type I reflection, occurring with antegrade delays of 30 to 60 msec, was characterized by an early secondary depolarization due to electrotonic spread of currents from delayed responses in the depressed segment. Type II reflection evolved with delays greater than 90 msec and was...
Impact of carbon monoxide on cardiopulmonary dysfunction after smoke inhalation injury.
Authors: KSugi, J LTheissen, L DTraber, D NHerndon, D LTraber
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

With the inhalation of smoke, there are both cardiopulmonary changes and elevated levels of carbon monoxide (CO). We hypothesize that these changes in cardiopulmonary function are the result of a histotoxic hypoxia associated with CO poisoning. This hypothesis was tested in chronically instrumented sheep (n = 19). Piezoelectric crystals were attached to the left ventricle for the measurement of its external minor and major diameters in addition to wall thickness. A pressure transducer was placed in the left ventricle via the apex. The caudal-mediastinal lymph node was also cannulated. After a five-day recovery period, six sheep (smoke group) were insufflated with four series of 16 breaths (700 ml/breath) of cotton smoke, and five sheep (control group) were insufflated with air using a modified bee smoker (smoke group: COHb, 90 +/- 6%; control group: COHb, 6 +/- 1%). Eight sheep (CO group) were ventilated with 2% CO in air to reach a COHb of 90% (COHb, 92 +/- 1%). In the smoke group, lung lymph flow reache...
Atrial enlargement as a consequence of atrial fibrillation. A prospective echocardiographic study.
Authors: A JSanfilippo, V MAbascal, MSheehan, L BOertel, PHarrigan, R AHughes, A EWeyman
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To test the hypothesis that atrial enlargement can develop as a consequence of atrial fibrillation, left and right atrial dimensions were measured echocardiographically at two different time points in patients with atrial fibrillation. Patients were selected who initially had normal atrial sizes and who had no evidence of significant structural or functional cardiac abnormalities other than atrial fibrillation either by history or two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Fifteen patients were studied (12 men and three women; mean age, 67.3 years). Average time between studies was 20.6 months. Three orthogonal left atrial dimensions and two right atrial dimensions were measured, and all were found to increase significantly between studies. Also, highly significant increases in calculated left atrial volume (from 45.2 to 64.1 cm3, p less than 0.001) and right atrial volume (from 49.2 to 66.2 cm3, p less than 0.001) were observed. The relative extents of left and right atrial volume increase did not dif...
Influence of intravenous and intracerebroventricular vasopressin on baroreflex control of renal nerve traffic.
Authors: TImaizumi, M DThames
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

We performed experiments in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rabbits with vagi sectioned, to determine the influence of intravenous and intracerebroventricular vasopressin on arterial baroreflex control of renal nerve activity. Arterial baroreflex control of renal nerve activity was assessed during phenylephrine-induced increases and nitroglycerin-induced decreases in arterial pressure. Intravenous vasopressin (4 and 40 mU over 1 minute) reduced basal renal nerve activity (from 149 +/- 14 to 101 +/- 13 and 28 +/- 13 impulses/sec) without changing arterial pressure and reduced the sensitivity of the arterial baroreflex control of renal nerve activity. This effect was reversed by vasopressin antagonist (d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2]AVP) which blocks vasoconstrictor effects of vasopressin. Intracerebroventricular vasopressin (4, 40, or 400 mU) did not alter basal renal nerve activity or arterial pressure but increased the sensitivity of baroreflex control of renal nerve activity. This effect was not blocked by the vasopres...
Noninvasive evaluation of sympathetic nervous system in human heart by positron emission tomography.
Authors: MSchwaiger, VKalff, KRosenspire, M SHaka, EMolina, G DHutchins, MDeeb, EWolfe, D MWieland
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The noninvasive functional characterization of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system by imaging techniques may provide important pathophysiological information in various cardiac disease states. Hydroxyephedrine labeled with carbon 11 has been developed as a new catecholamine analogue to be used in the in vivo evaluation of presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals by positron emission tomography (PET). To determine the feasibility of this imaging approach in the human heart, six normal volunteers and five patients with recent cardiac transplants underwent dynamic PET imaging after intravenous injection of 20 mCi [11C]hydroxyephedrine. Blood and myocardial tracer kinetics were assessed using a regions-of-interest approach. In normal volunteers, blood 11C activity cleared rapidly, whereas myocardium retained 11C activity with a long tissue half-life. Relative tracer retention in the myocardium averaged 79 +/- 31% of peak activity at 60 minutes after tracer injection. The heart-to-blood 11C activity ratio exc...
Depression of endothelium-dependent relaxation in aorta from rats with Brugia pahangi lymphatic filariasis.
Authors: LKaiser, P KTithof, V LLamb, J FWilliams
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

A role for altered endothelial cell function is emerging in the pathogenesis of disease. We have previously demonstrated that Dirofilaria immitis, the canine heartworm, depresses endothelium-dependent responses and alters the mechanism of relaxation in the in vivo femoral artery of infected dogs. Exposure of rat aorta to the parasite or parasite-conditioned medium selectively depresses endothelium-dependent relaxation. D. immitis is closely related to the major human filarial pathogens. This study was designed to examine the effect of chronic infection with the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi on endothelium-mediated responses of the rat aorta in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that endothelium-dependent responses are depressed in the aorta from rats infected with B. pahangi. Rings of thoracic and abdominal aorta were suspended in muscle baths for measurement of isometric tension. Dose-response relations to norepinephrine, endothelium-dependent dilators (acetylcholine, histamine, and A23187), and nitrogly...