tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
β Cell function and plasma insulin clearance in people with obesity and different glycemic status
Authors: Bettina Mittendorfer, Bruce W. Patterson, Gordon I. Smith, Mihoko Yoshino, Samuel Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

BackgroundIt is unclear how excess adiposity and insulin resistance affect β cell function, insulin secretion, and insulin clearance in people with obesity.MethodsWe used a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure and a modified oral glucose tolerance test to evaluate the interrelationships among obesity, insulin sensitivity, insulin kinetics, and glycemic status in 5 groups of individuals: normoglycemic lean and obese individuals with (a) normal fasting glucose and normal glucose tolerance (Ob-NFG-NGT), (b) NFG and impaired glucose tolerance (Ob-NFG-IGT), (c) impaired fasting glucose and IGT (Ob-IFG-IGT), or (d) type 2 diabetes (Ob-T2D).ResultsGlucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), an assessment of β cell function, was greater in the Ob-NFG-NGT and Ob-NFG-IGT groups than in the lean group, even when insulin sensitivity was matched in the obese and lean groups. Insulin sensitivity, not GSIS, was decreased in the Ob-NFG-IGT group compared with the Ob-NFG-NGT group, whereas GSIS, not insulin sensitivity, was decreased in the Ob-IFG-IGT and Ob-T2D groups compared with the Ob-NFG-NGT and Ob-NFG-IGT groups. Insulin clearance was directly related to insulin sensitivity and inversely related to the postprandial increase in insulin secretion and plasma insulin concentration.ConclusionIncreased adiposity per se, not insulin resistance, enhanced insulin secretion in people with obesity. The obesity-induced increase in insulin secretion, in conjunction with a decrease in insulin clearance, sufficiently raised the plasma insulin concentrations needed to maintain normoglycemia in individuals with moderate, but not severe, insulin resistance. A deterioration in β cell function, not a decrease in insulin sensitivity, was a determinant of IFG and ultimately leads to T2D.CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02706262, NCT04131166, and NCT01977560.FUNDINGNIH (P30 DK056341, P30 DK020579, and UL1 TR000448); American Diabetes Association (1-18-ICTS-119); Longer Life Foundation; Pershing Square Foundation; and Washington University-Centene ARCH Personalized Medicine Initiative (P19-00559).
Challenges and opportunities in 2021
Authors: Leila Akkari, Stacey D. Finley, Ping-Chih Ho, Misty Jenkins, Barbara B. Maier, Nicholas McGranahan, Miriam Mutebi, Rushika M. Perera, Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza, Santosha Vardhana, Liling Wan, Meng Michelle Xu
Journal: Nature Cancer (2021)
Methylphenidate Treats Apathy in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
12. Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Foot Care: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022</i>
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
Risk Stratification of Elderly Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Unfit for Intensive Chemotherapy
Authors: Helene Gardeney, Jose Miguel Torregrosa Diaz, Caroline Basle, Emilie Cayssials, Sabrina Bouyer, Niels Moya, Cécile Gruchet, Florence Sabirou, Arthur Bobin, Anthony Levy, Laly Nsiala, Laura Cailly, Mathilde Vonfeld, Deborah Desmier, Xavier Leleu, Maria Pilar Gallego Hernanz
Journal: Blood (2021)
Whole and fractionated human platelet lysate biomaterials-based biotherapy induces strong neuroprotection in experimental models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Flore Gouel, Kelly Timmerman, Philippe Gosset, Cedric Raoul, Mary Dutheil, Aurélie Jonneaux, Guillaume Garçon, Caroline Moreau, Veronique Danel-Brunaud, James Duce, Thierry Burnouf, Jean-Christophe Devedjian, David Devos
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons leading to death within 3 years and without a curative treatment. Neurotrophic growth factors (NTFs) are pivotal for cell survival. A reason for the lack of patient efficacy with single recombinant NTF brain infusion is likely to be due to the synergistic neuroprotective action of multiple NTFs on a diverse set of signaling pathways. Fractionated (protein size <50, <30, <10, <3 kDa) heat-treated human platelet lysate (HHPL) preparations were adapted for use in brain tissue with the aim of demonstrating therapeutic value in ALS models and further elucidation of the mechanisms of action. In neuronal culture all fractions induced Akt-dependent neuroprotection as well as a strong anti-apoptotic and anti-ferroptotic action. In the <3 kDa fraction anti-ferroptotic properties were shown to be GPX4 dependent highlighting a role for other platelet elements associated with NTFs. In the SOD1G86R mouse model, lifespan was strongly increased by intracerebroventricular delivery of HHPL or by intranasal administration of <3 kDa fraction. Our results suggest that the platelet lysate biomaterials are neuroprotective in ALS. Further studies would now validate theragnostic biomarker on its antiferroptotic action, for further clinical development.
Effect of Nudge-Based Intervention on Adherence to Physician Visit Recommendations and Early Health Outcomes among Individuals Identified with Chronic Kidney Disease in Screens
Authors: Shingo Fukuma, Shusaku Sasaki, Masataka Taguri, Rei Goto, Toshihiro Misumi, Yusuke Saigusa, Yusuke Tsugawa
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Significance Statement Many individuals with CKD are not receiving appropriate medical treatments. Behavioral economics interventions, such as nudging strategies, are reported to improve health-related behaviors. However, little is known about whether the nudge intervention increases the likelihood of individuals with identified CKD adhering to a recommended physician visit. In this randomized clinical trial, 4011 participants in CKD screens were randomly assigned to two interventions or the control: ( 1 ) the nudge-based letter, ( 2 ) the clinical information letter, and ( 3 ) the control. The probability of visiting the recommended physician was higher among participants who received the nudge-based letter or the clinical letter compared with the control group. We found no evidence for interventions associated with improved early health outcomes. Background Although CKD screening programs have been provided in many settings, little is known as to how we can effectively translate those screening programs into improved health. Methods We conducted a randomized clinical trial on national health screening for CKD in Japan between April 2018 and March 2019. A total of 4011 participants in CKD screening programs aged 40–63 years were randomly assigned to two interventions or the control, with a ratio of 2:2:1, respectively: ( 1 ) the nudge-based letter that contained a message on the basis of behavioral economics, ( 2 ) the clinical letter including general information about CKD risks, and ( 3 ) the control (informed only of the screening results). The main outcome was adherence to a recommended physician visit within 6 months of the intervention. The secondary outcomes were eGFR, proteinuria, and BP 1 year after the intervention. Results Compared with the control group, the probability of undergoing a recommended physician visit was higher among participants who received the nudge-based letter (19.7% for the intervention group versus 15.8% for the control; difference, +3.9 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, +0.8 to +7.0; P =0.02) and the clinical letter (19.7% versus 15.8%; difference, +3.9 pp; 95% CI, +0.8 to +7.0; P =0.02). We found no evidence that interventions were associated with improved early health outcomes. Conclusions The behavioral economics intervention tested in this large RCT had limited effect on changing behavior or improving health outcomes. Although the approach has promise, this study demonstrates the challenge of developing behavioral interventions that improve the effectiveness of CKD screening programs. Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, UMIN000035230
Abstract 13114: Effectiveness of a Novel Decision Aid for Surrogate Decision Makers of Comatose Survivors of Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Study of the “Tool to EMPOwer Surrogate Decision Makers” (TEMPO)
Authors: Sarah M Perman, Shelby Shelton, Bonnie Siry-Bove, Katherine Mayer, Dan D Matlock, Jason S Haukoos, Benjamin Abella, Stacie Daugherty, Edward Havranek
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Surrogate decision makers (SDMs) represent critical stakeholders in decision making for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest, yet these individuals are often unprepared for decision making and unfamiliar with the complexity of post-cardiac arrest care. To that end, we created a decision aid for SDMs intended to inform and support evidence-based decision making for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. Methods: We conducted a pilot trial to measure real world effectiveness of the Tool to EMPOwer (TEMPO) Surrogate Decision Makers, by measuring knowledge and acceptability. Individuals were enrolled who self-identified as the SDM for a comatose survivor of OHCA admitted to an academic tertiary care hospital. Participants completed a pre-intervention survey prior to the provision of TEMPO, and a post-intervention survey approximately 24 hours after exposure to the intervention. Pre-survey questions included SDM demographics and an 8-question knowledge survey. Post-intervention surveys included the same knowledge questions, the Ottawa Acceptability of Decision Aid tool, and questions to measure if SDMs shared TEMPO with others. This study was approved by the Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board and registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03908346). Results: Twenty SDMs were enrolled between 9/1/2020 and 6/7/2021. One subject did not complete the post-intervention survey therefore 19 subject responses were analyzed for the purpose of this report. Participants were 85.0% Female, 47.4 +/- 14.8 years, and 45.0% were the spouse of the patient. In the 8-question knowledge survey, results improved from 57.2% correct to 90.8% correct after exposure to TEMPO (p&lt;0.001). Using the Ottawa Acceptability Tool, 89.5% of participants stated TEMPO was useful in decision-making and 94.7% reported that TEMPO made their decision “easier”. Most (79.0%) participants reported they shared the DA with another family/friend in-person, while some (52.6%) reported they shared content with another person by telephone. Conclusion: Initial pilot data on the efficacy of the Tool to EMPOwer Surrogate Decision Makers of comatose survivors of cardiac arrest shows significant promise in improving knowledge and supporting decision-making.
Nasopharyngeal metatranscriptome profiles of infants with bronchiolitis and risk of childhood asthma: a multicentre prospective study
Authors: Yoshihiko Raita, Marcos Pérez-Losada, Robert J. Freishtat, Andrea Hahn, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Ignacio Ramos-Tapia, Nathaniel Stearrett, Yury A. Bochkov, James E. Gern, Jonathan M. Mansbach, Zhaozhong Zhu, Carlos A. Camargo, Kohei Hasegawa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Bronchiolitis is not only the leading cause of hospitalisation in US infants but also a major risk factor for asthma development. Growing evidence supports clinical heterogeneity within bronchiolitis. Our objectives were to identify metatranscriptome profiles of infant bronchiolitis, and to examine their relationship with the host transcriptome and subsequent asthma development.
Hfe Is Highly Expressed in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells But Is Not Needed to Maintain Systemic Iron Homeostasis In Vivo
Authors: Silvia Colucci, Katja Müdder, Martina U. Muckenthaler, Sandro Altamura
Journal: HemaSphere (2021)

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Abstract 16925: Covid-19 Vaccine Associated Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Mishita Goel, Aldin Jerome, Verisha Khanam, Raashi Chawla, Nishit Choksi
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Case Presentation: A 19 year old male presented with sudden onset chest pain radiating to back. He was a smoker and denied using cocaine since his last hospitalization for cocaine-induced myocardial infarction 2 years ago. UDS was negative. EKG showed normal sinus rhythm with no ST-T wave changes. Initial troponin was 0.850. Potassium levels were low at 2.9 mmol/L but other labs were normal. Chest CT angiography ruled out aortic dissection. He was started on heparin drip. Stat Echocardiogram showed LVEF of 55-60% with no wall motion abnormalities. Repeat potassium levels normalized after replacement, however, his troponins were trending up from 3.9 and 11.5. He continued to complain of severe chest pain, so underwent cardiac catheterization which showed normal coronary arteries and LVEF 55-60%. Heparin drip was discontinued and NSAIDs and colchicine were started. Cardiac MRI (see Figure) was done that showed patchy mid-wall and epicardial delayed gadolinium enhancement involving the basal inferolateral wall, with mild hyperintense signal on the triple IR sequence, suggestive of myocarditis. On further probing, he reported receiving a second dose of Moderna COVID vaccine 3 days prior to presentation. Discussion: In December 2019, a novel RNA virus causing COVID-19 infection was reported, which quickly reached a pandemic level. COVID-19 vaccines were granted emergency use authorization by FDA. With millions of people receiving COVID-19 vaccinations worldwide, rare adverse effects are now being reported. The benefits of vaccination undoubtedly outweigh any minor side effects. However major adverse effects like this are potentially fatal. This case report warrants further investigation into the association of myocarditis with COVID-19 vaccinations and further recommendations regarding vaccination in younger adults.
Natural rodent model of viral transmission reveals biological features of virus population dynamics
Authors: Elizabeth J. Fay, Keir M. Balla, Shanley N. Roach, Frances K. Shepherd, Dira S. Putri, Talia D. Wiggen, Stephen A. Goldstein, Mark J. Pierson, Martin T. Ferris, Claire E. Thefaine, Andrew Tucker, Mark Salnikov, Valerie Cortez, Susan R. Compton, Sergei V. Kotenko, Ryan C. Hunter, David Masopust, Nels C. Elde, Ryan A. Langlois
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

Emerging viruses threaten global health, but few experimental models can characterize the virus and host factors necessary for within- and cross-species transmission. Here, we leverage a model whereby pet store mice or rats-which harbor natural rodent pathogens-are cohoused with laboratory mice. This "dirty" mouse model offers a platform for studying acute transmission of viruses between and within hosts via natural mechanisms. We identified numerous viruses and other microbial species that transmit to cohoused mice, including prospective new members of the Coronaviridae, Astroviridae, Picornaviridae, and Narnaviridae families, and uncovered pathogen interactions that promote or prevent virus transmission. We also evaluated transmission dynamics of murine astroviruses during transmission and spread within a new host. Finally, by cohousing our laboratory mice with the bedding of pet store rats, we identified cross-species transmission of a rat astrovirus. Overall, this model system allows for the analysis of transmission of natural rodent viruses and is a platform to further characterize barriers to zoonosis.
Diabetes and the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
Authors: David Beran, Stéphane Besançon, Margaret Ewen, Edwin A M Gale, Maria Lazo-Porras, Molly Lepeska, Kasia Lipska, Jessica Zafra-Tanaka, Aigerim Zhaparova, John S Yudkin
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2021)
Profiling senescent cells in human brains reveals neurons with CDKN2D/p19 and tau neuropathology
Authors: Shiva Kazempour Dehkordi, Jamie Walker, Eric Sah, Emma Bennett, Farzaneh Atrian, Bess Frost, Benjamin Woost, Rachel E. Bennett, Timothy C. Orr, Yingyue Zhou, Prabhakar S. Andhey, Marco Colonna, Peter H. Sudmant, Peng Xu, Minghui Wang, Bin Zhang, Habil Zare, Miranda E. Orr
Journal: Nature Aging (2021)
Determining Clinical Course of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Using Targeted Transcriptome and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Maher Albitar, Hong Zhang, Andre H. Goy, Zijun Xu-Monette, Govind Bhagat, Carlo Visco, Alexandar Tzankov, Xiaosheng Fang, Feng Zhu, Karen Dybkaer, April Chiu, Wayne Tam, Youli Zu, Eric D. Hsi, F. B. Hagemeister, Jooryung Huh, Maurilio Ponzoni, Andrés J M Ferreri, Michael Moller, Benjamin M Parsons, Joannes H.J.M. Van Krieken, Miguel Angel Piris, Jane N. Winter, Yong Li, Bing Xu, Ken H. Young
Journal: Blood (2021)
Surface-engineered liposomes for dual-drug delivery targeting strategy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani, Xiang Yi Chen, Zahraa M. Al-Zubaidi, Hanisah Azhari, Tzar Mohd Nizam Khaitir, Pei Yuen Ng, Fhataheya Buang, Geok Chin Tan, Yin Ping Wong, Mazlina Mohd Said, Adeel Masood Butt, Azmy A. Hamid, Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2021)

This study focused on the encapsulation of vancomycin (VAN) into liposomes coated with a red blood cell membrane with a targeting ligand, daptomycin-polyethylene glycol-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, formed by conjugation of DAPT and N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-polyethylene glycol-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. This formulation is capable of providing controlled and targeted drug delivery to the bacterial cytoplasm. We performed MALDI-TOF, NMR and FTIR analyses to confirm the conjugation of the targeting ligand via the formation of amide bonds. Approximately 45% of VAN could be loaded into the aqueous cores, whereas 90% DAPT was detected using UV-vis spectrophotometry. In comparison to free drugs, the formulations controlled the release of drugs for > 72 h. Additionally, as demonstrated using CLSM and flow cytometry, the resulting formulation was capable of evading detection by macrophage cells. In comparison to free drugs, red blood cell membrane-DAPT-VAN liposomes, DAPT liposomes, and VAN liposomes reduced the MIC and significantly increased bacterial permeability, resulting in > 80% bacterial death within 4 h. Cytotoxicity tests were performed in vitro and in vivo on mammalian cells, in addition to hemolytic activity tests in human erythrocytes, wherein drugs loaded into the liposomes and RBCDVL exhibited low toxicity. Thus, the findings of this study provide insight about a dual antibiotic targeting strategy that utilizes liposomes and red blood cell membranes to deliver targeted drugs against MRSA.
Outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Norway, November to December 2021
Authors: Lin T. Brandal, Emily MacDonald, Lamprini Veneti, Tine Ravlo, Heidi Lange, Umaer Naseer, Siri Feruglio, Karoline Bragstad, Olav Hungnes, Liz E. Ødeskaug, Frode Hagen, Kristian E. Hanch-Hansen, Andreas Lind, Sara Viksmoen Watle, Arne M. Taxt, Mia Johansen, Line Vold, Preben Aavitsland, Karin Nygård, Elisabeth H. Madslien
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2021)

In late November 2021, an outbreak of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 following a Christmas party with 117 attendees was detected in Oslo, Norway. We observed an attack rate of 74% and most cases developed symptoms. As at 13 December, none have been hospitalised. Most participants were 30–50 years old. Ninety-six percent of them were fully vaccinated. These findings corroborate reports that the Omicron variant may be more transmissible, and that vaccination may be less effective in preventing infection compared with Delta.
52P The inducible Medigene T-cell receptor (iM-TCR) controls cytotoxicity of tumor-specific TCR-modified T-cells with improved avidity through control of TCR surface expression
Authors: A. Acs, A. Turqueti Neves, J. Ogonek, B. Lösch, D.J. Schendel, S. Milosevic
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)