tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Lee S. Weinberg
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Safer and Krager<sup>1</sup>claim that their objective is to "enumerate and evaluate changes in the rate of medication treatment for hyperactive/inattentive students subsequent to negative media publicity about methylphenidate (Ritalin) and related lawsuits threatened or initiated from late 1987 to early 1989." However, their goals appear more ambitious. In fact, they argue several substantive points implicitly; namely, that the media coverage was inaccurate— and, therefore, irresponsible—and that such coverage resulted in unacceptable negative consequences for hyperactive children who, in their view, required medication. Safer and Krager's subtextual implications regarding the accuracy and consequences of the media coverage are insufficiently supported by their data. For example, the study concludes that 36% of the children taken off medication experienced "school maladjustment" but makes no effort to explain why 64% of the children taken off medication apparently experienced no major problems or whether the 36% claim of problematic outcomes
STS-ACC TVT Registry of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: John D. Carroll, Michael J. Mack, Sreekanth Vemulapalli, Howard C. Herrmann, Thomas G. Gleason, George Hanzel, G. Michael Deeb, Vinod H. Thourani, David J. Cohen, Nimesh Desai, Ajay J. Kirtane, Susan Fitzgerald, Joan Michaels, Carole Krohn, Frederick A. Masoudi, Ralph G. Brindis, Joseph E. Bavaria
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Abstract 14223: Identifying Pro-fibrotic Long Non-coding RNAs Ii Fibroblasts From the Failing and Non-failing Human Sinoatrial Node
Authors: Anuradha Kalyanasundaram, Ning LI, Brian Hansen, Miranda Gardner, Katelynn M Helfrich, Esthela Artiga, Paul M Janssen, Peter J Mohler, Nahush Mokadam, Bryan Whitson, Maciej Pietrzak, Mike Freitas, Vadim V Fedorov
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Dense fibrous connective tissue is inherently found in the human sinoatrial node (hSAN), which further increases in heart failure (HF) leading to sinoatrial node dysfunction (SND). While several factors contribute to cardiac fibrosis, it is unknown if long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), a novel class of RNA known to affect cardiac fibrosis, are involved in increasing fibrotic content in hSAN in non-failing (nHF) vs HF hearts. Objective: To identify unique lncRNA profiles and pro-fibrotic lncRNAs in isolated SAN and right atrial (RA) fibroblasts (FBs), in HF vs nHF human hearts. Methods: FBs isolated from pure SAN and RA tissues, from HF (n=6; 35-68yo) and nHF (n=4; 26-64yo) cardioplegically arrested human hearts, were cultured with/without transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1; 5ng; 48hrs) to activate myofibroblast (myoFB) transition. Frozen FBs and myoFBs were subjected to high throughput Next Generation RNA Sequencing analyses of the whole transcriptome. Results: Averages of total counts across all samples revealed that majority of the genes detected were protein coding 14415(63%), 5876 (26%) lncRNA, 1254 (5%) miscellaneous RNA, 677(3%) miRNA and 577 (3%) other types of RNA (Figure A). Preliminary analyses show that coding mRNA and non-coding lncRNA are differentially expressed in nHF hSAN and RA fibroblasts and TGFβ1 treated myoFBs. Furthermore, these expression patterns were also different in FBs and myoFBs isolated from failing hearts. Conclusions: Our findings show for the first time that lncRNA expression in cultured hSAN Fbs and myoFBs are unique and differentially altered in HF. Ongoing analyses of sequenced transcriptome will identify FB and myoFB lncRNAs associated with intrinsic higher levels of hSAN fibrotic content as well as in HF. We will also determine if they can modify pro-fibrotic activity in HF SAN FBs and myoFBs, which may be beneficial to develop novel molecular approaches to decrease HF-associated SAN fibrosis and associated SND.
Natriuretic Peptide-Guided Therapy for Heart Failure: Ready for “Battle” or Too “Scarred” by the Challenges of Trial Design?⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Alan Maisel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Reconstruction of the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophysial System and Functional Dissection of Magnocellular Oxytocin Neurons in the Brain
Authors: Bin Zhang, Liyao Qiu, Wei Xiao, Hong Ni, Lunhao Chen, Fan Wang, Weihao Mai, Jintao Wu, Aimin Bao, Hailan Hu, Hui Gong, Shumin Duan, Anan Li, Zhihua Gao
Journal: Neuron (2020)
Abstract 15794: Role of Endothelial Shear Stress and Endothelial Shear Stress Gradient in Plaques Associated With Acute Erosion vs. Stable Control Plaques
Authors: Diaa A Hakim, Zhongyue Pu, Ahmet U Coskun, Natalia Pinilla-Echeverri, Olli A Kajander, Charles Maynard, Nicholas V Cefalo, Michelle A Cormier, Gersimos Siasos, Michail I Papafaklis, Lampros K Michalis, Stefanu Kostas, Kevin Croce, Tej Sheth, Peter H STONE
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The role of endothelial shear stress (ESS) in the natural history of plaque growth and TCFA formation/destabilization has been studied, but the role in plaque erosion is unknown. High ESS gradient (ESSG) has been hypothesized to promote plaque erosion, but no studies have included matched “control” stable plaques with the same minimal luminal area (MLA) and reference luminal area (RLA) but no adverse coronary event. Hypothesis: To compare ESS and ESSG between coronary plaques that developed erosion and similar morphology plaques that remain stable. Methods: We studied a subset of patients from both TOTAL and COMPLETE trials who underwent angiography and OCT evaluation: 27 patients (27 arteries: 18 LAD, 3 LCX, 6 RCA). Plaques were divided into Plaque Erosion (n=16) from TOTAL study with OCT features of plaque erosion and Control (n=11) plaques (non-culprit lesions from COMPLETE) with matched MLA and RLA and no OCT evidence of plaque disruption. Orthogonal angiographic views were used to generate a 3-D arterial reconstruction, and angio centerline was merged with OCT centerline. Local ESS distribution was assessed by computational flow dynamics and reported in consecutive 3-mm segments. Results: Table 1 shows differences in ESS between Plaque Erosion and Control Plaques Conclusions: In coronary plaques with similar severe obstruction (MLA) and reference area (RLA), plaque erosion is associated with higher coronary flow, max ESS, and ESSG in any direction, in the proximal-to-distal direction, and in the circumferential direction compared to plaques that remain stable. Future studies will determine which "feature (s)" of high ESS or ESSG are independently associated with erosion.
Abstract 308: Automated Detection of Patients with Return of Spontaneous Circulation in the Retrospective Analysis of Resuscitation Episodes
Authors: Andoni Elola, Elisabete Aramendi, Unai Irusta, Henry E Wang, Ahamed H Idris
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Retrospective analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest episodes is important to evaluate the performance of resuscitation teams, and to advance research. Large numbers of electronic files are compiled in cardiac arrest registries and identifying patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is expensive and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of automatically annotating ROSC using the signals recorded by defibrillators. Materials and methods: A set of 893 patients (261 with ROSC, of which 127 were transient) recorded by the Dallas-Fort Worth Center for Resuscitation Research using Philips HeartStart MRx devices were included. Every record contained the ECG and the thoracic impedance (TI) signals. ROSC was automatically identified as follows: 1) chest compression pauses longer than 60 s were identified using either the TI or the compression depth signals. 2) Organized ECG rhythms were identified using a comercial defibrillator's algorithm. 3) Pulsatile rhythms were identified using a published machine learning algorithm based on the ECG or the ECG and TI signals. The model uses up to 9 features, extracted from both the ECG (6) and the TI (3) signals. ROSC was identified when a 10s-interval was classified as pulsatile and the ROSC onset was set at the beginning of the pause. The performance was assessed in terms of Sensitivity (Se, ROSC patients), Specificity (Sp, no ROSC patients) and overall F1-score. Error in the ROSC onset was calculated comparing the automatically detected onset to the reviewed time of the clinical annotation of ROSC. Results: The algorithm based exclusively on ECG showed Se, Sp and F1 scores of 90.0%, 92.7% and 90.5%, respectively. The algorithm that included both ECG and TI improved scores to 91.2%, 94.3% and 92.1%. For the set of patients with transient ROSC the algorithm showed a Se of 81.9% (95.6% for permanent ROSC) using the ECG and TI signals. The median (IQR) absolute error on the time of first ROSC onset was 0.8 (0.6-8.2) s. Conclusions: An accurate algorithm to automatically identify patients with ROSC is demonstrated. This technique could be useful for retrospective analysis of cardiac arrest registries.
Abstract 13505: Validated Model for Predicting Pacemaker Implantation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Christopher D Barrett, Andrew Nickel, Michael A Rosenberg, Amneet Sandhu
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has surpassed surgical valve replacement for the management of severe aortic stenosis. High grade AV block is a well-described complication following TAVR. Prior models for predicting risk of pacemaker (PPM) with TAVR lack sensitivity, clinical applicability or cannot be applied pre-procedurally. Hypothesis: To aid planning and patient discussion, we sought to produce a simple tool that can be applied at pre-TAVR clinical visits to stratify risk of PPM associated with TAVR implantation. Methods: We performed an analysis of all patients undergoing TAVR at the University of Colorado. Clinical, valvular, and electrocardiographic data were recorded. Patients were split into a training cohort for development of a predictive model and a testing cohort for model validation. Multivariable stepwise regression was performed on the training cohort to determine patient characteristics most predictive of pacemaker. Results from the initial regression were then applied to the testing cohort for model validation. Results: Of 483 patients analyzed from 2013-2019 in the training cohort, 78 required pacemaker. The need for pacemaker was influenced by 5 pre-procedure variables: RBBB, self-expandable valve, PR interval &gt; 200 ms, ejection fraction &gt; 50%, and albumin &gt; 4.0 g/dL. The regression model produced in our training cohort was highly predictive of need for pacemaker in the validation cohort (Figure). Conclusions: Five pre-procedural characteristics primarily influence risk of PPM after TAVR. These can be used to produce a simple but highly predictive risk model for determining which patients will need pacemaker after TAVR.
Clinical Characteristics, Experiences, and Outcomes of Transgender Patients With Cancer
Authors: Zackory T. Burns, Danielle S. Bitterman, Subha Perni, Patrick J. Boyle, Carly E. Guss, Daphne A. Haas-Kogan, Kevin X. Liu
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

More than 1 million people in the US identify as transgender; however, few studies have examined the experiences and outcomes of transgender patients with cancer.To examine clinical characteristics, experiences, and outcomes of transgender patients with cancer.This retrospective case series assessed transgender patients with at least 1 cancer diagnosis who were evaluated at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute or Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2019.Demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics for all patients and documentation by oncologic practitioners of important aspects of providing gender-affirming care, including pronouns used by the patient, were recorded.A total of 37 transgender patients with cancer were assessed (mean [SD] age, 38.9 [21.8] years at first cancer diagnosis). Fifteen patients (40.5%) had hematologic malignant cancers, and 25 patients (67.6%) had solid malignant tumors. Sixteen patients (43.2%) initiated gender-affirming hormone therapy or surgery after their cancer diagnosis. Cancer treatment was frequently multimodal, with 24 patients (64.9%) receiving systemic therapy, 24 (64.9%) receiving surgery, and 20 (54.1%) receiving radiation therapy along with other cancer-directed treatment, such as cryoablation. Five patients (13.5%) had documentation from an oncologic practitioner that addressed a potential interaction between their gender-affirming care and their cancer treatment. Thirty-three patients had follow-up visits with oncologic practitioners after starting their transition. Of those patients, pronouns used were documented by a member of the oncologic team for 4 patients (12.1%). However, for 3 of the 4 patients, documentation did not consistently use patient-reported information. At the last follow-up, 5 patients (13.5%) had died of their disease, and 26 (70.3%) were living without disease.This case series study found that transgender patients were diagnosed with diverse cancers, and many initiated gender-affirming hormone therapy or surgery after their diagnosis. Documentation by oncologic practitioners infrequently included pronouns used by the patient or discussion surrounding the interactions between cancer treatment and gender-affirming care, signifying that urgent improvements are needed in cancer care for transgender patients.
Feasibility trial for primary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell anemia in Nigeria (SPIN trial)
Authors: Najibah A. Galadanci, Shehu Umar Abdullahi, Leah D. Vance, Abdulkadir Musa Tabari, Shehi Ali, Raymond Belonwu, Auwal Salihu, Aisha Amal Galadanci, Binta Wudil Jibir, Halima Bello‐Manga, Kathleen Neville, Fenella J. Kirkham, Yu Shyr, Sharon Phillips, Brittany V. Covert, Adetola A. Kassim, Lori C. Jordan, Muktar H. Aliyu, Michael R. DeBaun
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2018)

DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24770 We wish to formally correct the above-referenced article and omit mention utilization of the Morisky medication adherence scale. The Morisky medication adherence scale was used to access study participants adherence on a monthly basis by parental recall. We did not realize that the questions were protected by copyright and required permission for utilization. For the duration of the study, the adherence tool is used as a secondary measurement of adherence, while the primary indicator included change in mean cell volume. The removal of the Morisky scale adherence data does not affect the primary outcomes of the study and does not alter the evidence of adherence, because increase in MCV was the primary measure of adherence. All the authors of the manuscript have been informed of the changes and have agreed to the publication of an erratum. We apologize for any inconvenience that this error might have caused.
Three Signatures of Adaptive Polymorphism Exemplified by Malaria-Associated Genes
Authors: Jacob A Tennessen, Manoj T Duraisingh
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)

Abstract Malaria has been one of the strongest selective pressures on our species. Many of the best-characterized cases of adaptive evolution in humans are in genes tied to malaria resistance. However, the complex evolutionary patterns at these genes are poorly captured by standard scans for nonneutral evolution. Here, we present three new statistical tests for selection based on population genetic patterns that are observed more than once among key malaria resistance loci. We assess these tests using forward-time evolutionary simulations and apply them to global whole-genome sequencing data from humans, and thus we show that they are effective at distinguishing selection from neutrality. Each test captures a distinct evolutionary pattern, here called Divergent Haplotypes, Repeated Shifts, and Arrested Sweeps, associated with a particular period of human prehistory. We clarify the selective signatures at known malaria-relevant genes and identify additional genes showing similar adaptive evolutionary patterns. Among our top outliers, we see a particular enrichment for genes involved in erythropoiesis and for genes previously associated with malaria resistance, consistent with a major role for malaria in shaping these patterns of genetic diversity. Polymorphisms at these genes are likely to impact resistance to malaria infection and contribute to ongoing host–parasite coevolutionary dynamics.
Final results of a phase 1 study of loncastuximab tesirine in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Mehdi Hamadani, John Radford, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Paolo F. Caimi, Erin Reid, Owen A. O’Connor, Jay M. Feingold, Kirit M. Ardeshna, William Townsend, Melhem Solh, Leonard T. Heffner, David Ungar, Luqiang Wang, Joseph Boni, Karin Havenith, Yajuan Qin, Brad S. Kahl
Journal: Blood (2020)
A new chapter in the CD8 T reg story
Authors: Harvey Cantor, Hye-Jung Kim
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

CD8+ T reg cells play an important role in the maintenance of self-tolerance and can inhibit the development of autoimmune disease. In this issue of JEM, Mishra et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20200030) reveal that TGF-β signaling and an Eomes-dependent genetic program contribute to CD8 T reg cell differentiation and function.
Abstract 12883: Proposed Management Framework for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis
Authors: Anjali Rao, Vlad G Zaha, Pradeep P Mammen, Sonia Garg, Alvin Chandra, John Lohrey, Hans Hammers, Bonnie Bermas
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the field of oncology. Although rare (&lt;1%), severe autoimmune myocarditis (AIM) has been reported due to ICI. A consensus treatment strategy for AIM is not available. Therefore, our goal is to propose a systematic, tiered approach to treatment of ICI-induced AIM.We report on the clinical course of 6 consecutive patients with malignancy and ICI-induced AIM diagnosed at our tertiary care center, April 2018-March 2020. Severe cardiac manifestations included left ventricular systolic dysfunction and/or arrhythmias within 1-3 months of first ICI dose. All patients had elevated cardiac blood biomarkers (peak hs-troponin 118—7,500ng/L) and cardiac MRI findings typical of myocarditis. A multidisciplinary team included oncology, rheumatology, cardio-oncology, and advanced heart failure. Initial pulse-dose steroids were followed by escalation therapies if patients did not improve. Escalation therapies included: abatacept (1), rituximab (1), plasma exchange (2), and mycophenolate mofetil (2). After clinical improvement, while on a steroid taper, maintenance immunosuppression with methotrexate (5) or mycophenolate mofetil (1) was initiated between 4 days and 5 months after presentation to care. This approach resulted in improved blood biomarkers and clinical status in all patients. The consistent clinical improvement seen in this case series of AIM due to ICI highlights that a multidisciplinary team familiar with immunomodulatory therapies is key and a tiered approach is successful. Suggested approach in severe cases: 1) acute high dose glucocorticoids as mainstay of treatment, 2) early immunomodulatory escalation therapy if not improving, and 3) early transition to steroid-sparing agents to reduce glucocorticoid therapy. Although further investigations are needed, these data suggest early transition to methotrexate as a valuable approach in the maintenance phase of ICI-induced AIM management.
Abstract 14712: Cardiometabolic Differences Between Male and Female Obese-insulin Resistant Rats Following Sex Hormone Deprivation
Authors: Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn, Wanpitak Pongkan, Sivaporn Sivasinprasasn, Siriporn Chattipakorn, Nipon CHATTIPAKORN
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Male gender and menopause increase the risk for cardiovascular incidence. However, less is known about gender differences in cardiometabolic disorders, particularly under obese-insulin resistant and sex hormone-deprived conditions. Hypothesis: Male have worse cardiometabolic disorders than female under obese-insulin resistant and sex hormone-deprived conditions. Methods: Adult Wistar rats of both sexes (n=20) were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 5/group): male normal diet sham (M-NDS), male high fat-diet with orchiectomy (M-HFO), female normal diet sham (F-NDS) and female high fat-diet with ovariectomy (F-HFO). Rats were fed either a normal diet (19.77% of energy fat) or a high-fat diet (57.60% of energy fat) for 12 weeks following the induction of sex hormone deprivation by either bilateral orchiectomy or ovariectomy. Temporal determinations of metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular (LV) function, and cardiac mitochondrial function at 4, 8, and 12 weeks were done after starting each feeding program. Results: Insulin resistance was initially observed after 8 weeks of high-fat diet consumption in both M-HFO and F-HFO groups. In addition, M-HFO had depressed HRV, impaired LV performance indicated by decreased ejection fraction (%EF) and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction indicated by increased mitochondrial ROS level, depolarization and swelling, as early as week 4, whereas F-HFO exhibited them at week 8 or 12. Moreover, at week 12, M-HFO have worse cardiometabolic disorders than F-HFO, particularly %EF and HRV. Conclusions: Under sex hormone-deprived condition, male are generally more susceptible to cardiometabolic disorders and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in the presence of obese-insulin resistant condition.
Abstract 291: Return of Spontaneous Circulation Detection in Pseudo-Pulseless Electrical Activity Using Plethysmography
Authors: Sylvia M Guerra, Alexander L Lindqwister, Samuel B Klein, Karen L Moodie, Norman A Paradis
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Pseudo-Pulseless Electrical Activity (p-PEA) is a lifeless form of profound cardiac shock characterized by measurable cardiac mechanical activity without clinically detectable pulses. p-PEA may constitute up to 40% of reported cases of cardiac arrest and its physiology is different from ventricular fibrillation or even True-PEA. There have been promising studies showing that pulse oximetry plethysmography (POP) can be used to monitor the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and detect return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during undifferentiated PEA. However, the utility of POP has not been characterized in p-PEA. Methods: Pigs (N = 14) were instrumented with aortic and central venous micro-manometer catheters. A POP device was attached to the left ear at the cauda helicis. Hypoxic p-PEA was induced using a 94% N 2 , 6% O 2 mix. Hemodynamic and POP amplitudes were recorded. Mean amplitudes were then calculated for baseline, untreated p-PEA, CPR (if administered), and during ROSC, which was defined as a positive MAP incline to a stable plateau pressure. POP amplitudes were then analyzed as relative increase ratios of ROSC compared to disease state. Results: There were statistically significant increases in relative POP amplitudes in ROSC from the p-PEA disease state (Figure 1). In pigs that required CPR for ROSC, the mean ROSC to CPR POP ratio was 1.204 (P&lt;0.01, 95% CI [1.26 - 3.33]). Pigs that did not require CPR for ROSC had a mean ROSC to pseudo-PEA ratio of 2.17 (p&lt;0.01, 95% CI [1.26 - 3.33]). The mean ratio difference between pigs requiring CPR and those that did not was 0.049. Conclusions: These data suggest that measurement of POP may delineate the degree of interventions required to achieve ROSC, and can be used in detection of ROSC. If confirmed clinically, POP may be a promising non-invasive operator-independent method that may improve the management of PEA.