tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
4A: Clinical pharmacological aspects of H. pylori treatment
Authors: Pylori Caselli, M Ruina ', L Gallerani, P Fabbri ', P Gaudenzi', V Alvisi '. ', H Pylori, K Yang, G Wang, J Chen, Y Liu, T Chen', S Lee, R Veenendaal ', J Gotz ', J Meijer, I Biemond ', A Bemards, G Offerhaus, C Lamers, A Fendrick, J Mccort, B Bloom, J Misiewicz ', A Harrisi, K Bardhan, S Levi, H Langworthy
Journal: Gut (1996)

Background: Helicobacter pylori is implicated in different gastroduodenal pathologies such as peptic disease and gastric cancer, and it is associated with ulcer relapse.This background makes the eradication of bacterial colonisation desirable in any clinical and endoscopical condition, also when associated with problems of mild entity.An effort should be made to make apt the eradication therapy to single problems.Objectives: to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of short term dual therapy with azithromycin and increasing doses of omeprazole.Methods: two selected group of 50 H.pylori-positive patients matched for age, sex and race were compared for the prevalence of bacterial erad- ication rate after dual therapy with a standard dose of azithromycin (500 mg/day for 3 days) and increasing dose of omeprazole (20 mg b.i.d. or 40 mg b.i.d. for one week).H. pylori presence before and after treatment was determined by urease test and histology.Results: five-seven weeks after treatment, H. pylori had been eradicated in 29 of 50 patients (58%) who taken azithromycin and 40 mg/day of umeprazole, and in 44 of 50 patients (88%) who taken azithromycin in the same way and 80 mg/day of omeprazole (P = 0.001).Conclusions: short-term dual therapy with high dose of omeprazole combined with standard dose of azithromycin appears to have an high success eradication rate of H. pylori colonisation, very good compliance and it appears to be without side-effects.Azithromycin seems to represent interesting antibiotic agent for future dual and triple therapy trials.
Blended learning
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

all viruses in one place).Therefore, since May 2004 all Amsterdam hospitals have participated in the protocol discussed here. Next stepsTo try to reduce side effects and improve compliance with HIV prophylaxis, as of January 2005 all hospitals and the municipal health service in Amsterdam will replace nelfinavir by atazanavir for all exposures outside hospital.The municipal health service will continue to monitor all such exposures in Amsterdam.We thank the public health nurses of the municipal health service department of infectious diseases for collecting and documenting all data, and Lucy D Phillips for editorial review.
Progress Toward Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome Control and Elimination — Worldwide, 2012–2020
Authors: Laura A. Zimmerman, Jennifer K. Knapp, Sébastien Antoni, Gavin B. Grant, Susan E. Reef
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

Rubella virus is a leading cause of vaccine-preventable birth defects and can cause epidemics. Although rubella virus infection usually produces a mild febrile rash illness in children and adults, infection during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, can result in miscarriage, fetal death, stillbirth, or an infant born with a constellation of birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). A single dose of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) can provide lifelong protection against rubella (1). The Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011-2020 (GVAP) included a target to achieve elimination of rubella in at least five of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions* by 2020 (2), and WHO recommends capitalizing on the accelerated measles elimination activities as an opportunity to introduce RCV (1). This report updates a previous report (3) and summarizes global progress toward control and elimination of rubella and CRS from 2012, when accelerated rubella control activities were initiated, through 2020. Among 194 WHO Member States, the number with RCV in their immunization schedules has increased from 132 (68%) in 2012 to 173 (89%) in 2020; 70% of the world's infants were vaccinated against rubella in 2020. Reported rubella cases declined by 48%, from 94,277 in 2012 to 49,136 in 2019, and decreased further to 10,194 in 2020. Rubella elimination has been verified in 93 (48%) of 194 countries including the entire Region of the Americas (AMR). To increase the equity of protection and make further progress to eliminate rubella, it is important that the 21 countries that have not yet done so should introduce RCV. Likewise, countries that have introduced RCV can achieve and maintain rubella elimination with high vaccination coverage and surveillance for rubella and CRS. Four of six WHO regions have established rubella elimination goals; the two WHO regions that have not yet established an elimination goal (the African [AFR] and Eastern Mediterranean [EMR] regions) have expressed a commitment to rubella elimination and should consider establishing a goal.
Depression
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Depression Aperson who feels sad all the time, has unexplained crying spells, or loses interest in usual activities may have major depression, a serious medical illness that should be distinguished from normal temporary feelings of sadness after a loss, such as the death of a relative or friend.The January 18, 2006, issue of JAMA includes an article about depression.This Patient Page is based on one previously published in the June 18, 2003, issue of JAMA.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a novel predictor of venous thrombosis in polycythemia vera
Authors: Alessandra Carobbio, Alessandro Maria Vannucchi, Valerio De Stefano, Arianna Masciulli, Paola Guglielmelli, Giuseppe Gaetano Loscocco, Francesco Ramundo, Elena Rossi, Yogendra Kanthi, Ayalew Tefferi, Tiziano Barbui
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2022)

Abstract We investigated the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of thrombosis in polycythemia vera (PV). After a median follow-up of 2.51 years, of 1508 PV patients enrolled in the ECLAP study, 82 and 84 developed arterial and venous thrombosis, respectively. Absolute counts of total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, and the NLR were tested by generalized additive models (GAM) to evaluate their trend in continuous scale of thrombotic risk. Only for venous thrombosis, we showed that baseline absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were on average respectively higher (median: 6.8 × 10 9 /L, p = 0.002) and lower (median: 1.4 × 10 9 /L, p = 0.001), leading to increased NLR values (median: 5.1, p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, the risk of venous thrombosis was independently associated with previous venous events (HR = 5.48, p ≤ 0.001) and NLR values ≥5 (HR = 2.13, p = 0.001). Moreover, the relative risk in both low- and high-standard risk groups was almost doubled in the presence of NLR ≥ 5. These findings were validated in two Italian independent external cohorts (Florence, n = 282 and Rome, n = 175) of contemporary PV patients. Our data support recent experimental work that venous thrombosis is controlled by innate immune cells and highlight that NLR is an inexpensive and easily accessible prognostic biomarker of venous thrombosis.
Consensus panel addresses obesity question
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adenosine A1 receptor ligands bind to α-synuclein: implications for α-synuclein misfolding and α-synucleinopathy in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Elisabet Jakova, Mohamed Taha Moutaoufik, Jeremy S. Lee, Mohan Babu, Francisco S. Cayabyab
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2022)

Abstract Background Accumulating α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in neurons and glial cells are the staples of many synucleinopathy disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since brain adenosine becomes greatly elevated in ageing brains and chronic adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) stimulation leads to neurodegeneration, we determined whether adenosine or A1R receptor ligands mimic the action of known compounds that promote α-syn aggregation (e.g., the amphetamine analogue 2-aminoindan) or inhibit α-syn aggregation (e.g., Rasagiline metabolite 1-aminoindan). In the present study, we determined whether adenosine, A1R receptor agonist N 6 -Cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) could directly interact with α-syn to modulate α-syn aggregation and neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Methods Nanopore analysis and molecular docking were used to test the binding properties of CPA and DPCPX with α-syn in vitro. Sprague–Dawley rats were administered with 7-day intraperitoneal injections of the A1R ligands and 1- and 2-aminoindan, and levels of α-syn aggregation and neurodegeneration were examined in the SN pars compacta and hippocampal regions using confocal imaging and Western blotting. Results Using nanopore analysis, we showed that the A1R agonists (CPA and adenosine) interacted with the N-terminus of α-syn, similar to 2-aminoindan, which is expected to promote a “knot” conformation and α-syn misfolding. In contrast, the A1R antagonist DPCPX interacted with the N- and C-termini of α-syn, similar to 1-aminoindan, which is expected to promote a “loop” conformation that prevents α-syn misfolding. Molecular docking studies revealed that adenosine, CPA and 2-aminoindan interacted with the hydrophobic core of α-syn N-terminus, whereas DPCPX and 1-aminoindan showed direct binding to the N- and C-terminal hydrophobic pockets. Confocal imaging and Western blot analyses revealed that chronic treatments with CPA alone or in combination with 2-aminoindan increased α-syn expression/aggregation and neurodegeneration in both SN pars compacta and hippocampus. In contrast, DPCPX and 1-aminoindan attenuated the CPA-induced α-syn expression/aggregation and neurodegeneration in SN and hippocampus. Conclusions The results indicate that A1R agonists and drugs promoting a “knot” conformation of α-syn can cause α-synucleinopathy and increase neuronal degeneration, whereas A1R antagonists and drugs promoting a “loop” conformation of α-syn can be harnessed for possible neuroprotective therapies to decrease α-synucleinopathy in PD.
Alkaline phosphatase.
Authors: T W Warnes
Journal: Gut (1972)

<h3>Objective</h3> This study was conducted to determine the spectrum of laboratory practices in ANA test target, performance and result reporting. <h3>Methods</h3> A questionnaire on ANA testing was distributed by the Diagnostic Immunology and Flow Cytometry Committee (DIFCC) of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) to laboratories participating in the 2016 CAP ANA proficiency survey. <h3>Results</h3> Of 5847 survey kits distributed, 1206 (21%) responded. ANA screening method varied: 55% indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), 21% enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 12% multi-bead immunoassay, and 18% “other” methods. Ordering test name indicated method used in only 32% of laboratories; only 39% stated method used on the report. Of 644 laboratories, 80% used HEp-2 cell substrate, 18% HEp-2000 (HEp-2 cell line engineered to overexpress SSA antigen, Ro60), and 2% “other.” Slides were prepared manually (67%) or on an automated platform (33%), and examined by direct microscopy (84%) or images captured by an automated platform (16%). Only 50% reported a positive result at the customary 1:40 dilution. Titre was reported to endpoint routinely by 43%, only upon request by 23%, or never by 35%. 8% of laboratories did not report dual patterns. Of those reporting multiple patterns, 23% did not report a titre with each pattern. <h3>Conclusion</h3> ANA methodology and practice and test naming and reporting varies significantly between laboratories. Lack of uniformity in testing and reporting practice and lack of transparency in communicating the testing method may misdirect clinicians in their management of patients.
Probabilistic fallacies
Authors: Henry E. Kyburg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Two distinct issues are sometimes confused in the base rate literature: Why do people make logical mistakes in the assessment of probabilities? and why do subjects not use base rates the way experimenters do? The latter problem may often reflect differences in an implicit reference class rather than a disinclination to update a base rate by Bayes' theorem. Also important are considerations concerning the interaction of several potentially relevant base rates.
Therapeutic conferences. Heart failure--I.
Journal: BMJ (1971)

PROFESSOR A. G. MACGREGOR: We have several patients in the ward who have heart failure and I want to discuss the principles of management and the drugs that are used.Case 1-Mild Cardiac Failure HOUSE PHYSICIAN: This 70-year-old obese woman had an upper respiratory infection two weeks ago.She now has an un- productive cough and complains of breathlessness.She has pale mucous membranes; the pulse is regular and the blood pressure is 170/115 mm Hg.The jugular venous pressure is raised and we have observed that she has episodes of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.DR.D. S. SHORT: I would like to emphasize two points.Firstly, in early heart failure pulmonary congestion may produce symptoms, such as unproductive cough, before the more obvious features of heart failure, such as ankle swelling, appear.Secondly, cardiac failure is often precipitated by an infection, such as a febrile cold or an exacerbation of bronchitis, as Sir Thomas Lewis used to teach. 3 2 PROFESSOR MACGREGOR: How are you treating this patient?HOUSE PHYSICIAN: I have given her bendrofluazide 5 mg daily with potassium chloride supplements.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Epidemiologic evidence has led to the hypothesis that more intensive treatment strategies for controlling diabetes-related comorbidities such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension would reduce clinical complications such as memory impairment.In a clinical trial of a subset of 2977 randomized persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial, Williamson and coauthors assessed whether (1) intensive systolic blood pressure treatment to a goal of 120 mm Hg vs a goal of 135 mm Hg or (2) adding a fibrate therapy for persons with wellcontrolled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels would reduce the rate of decline in cognitive function over a 40-month period.The results revealed no overall benefit for either treatment.Data from this same group of participants had already shown that intensive glycemia management was no better for cognitive function than a hemoglobin A1c goal of 7.5%.Dufouil and Brayne assess the clinical impact of the findings in an Invited Commentary.
Reinventing Regulations
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PUERPERAL ECLAMPSIA.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health risks related to polyurethane foam degradation in CPAP devices used for sleep apnoea treatment
Authors: Andreas Palm, Ludger Grote, Magnus Ekström, Mirjam Ljunggren
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>Patients with PUF-CPAP and especially those with pre-existing obstructive lung disease had increased use of anti-obstructive medication but there were no differences in hospitalisations and mortality, and data on cancer were inconclusive</b>https://bit.ly/3uVIzXG
Elucidating the Spectrum of Disease Severity Encompassed by Sepsis
Authors: Chanu Rhee, Michael Klompas
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Ithan D. Peltan, MD, MSc; Sierra R. McLean, MD; Emily Murnin, MD; Allison M. Butler, MS; Emily L. Wilson, MS; Matthew H. Samore, MD; Catherine L. Hough, MD, MSc; Nathan C. Dean, MD; Joseph R. Bledsoe, MD; Samuel M. Brown, MD, MS
The Propaganda for Reform
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Questions and Answers
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mechanisms of Behavior Change in Substance Use Disorder With and Without Formal Treatment
Authors: Katie Witkiewitz, Rory A. Pfund, Jalie A. Tucker
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2022)

This article provides a narrative review of studies that examined mechanisms of behavior change in substance use disorder. Several mechanisms have some support, including self-efficacy, craving, protective behavioral strategies, and increasing substance-free rewards, whereas others have minimal support (e.g., motivation, identity). The review provides recommendations for expanding the research agenda for studying mechanisms of change, including designs to manipulate putative change mechanisms, measurement approaches that expand the temporal units of analysis during change efforts, more studies of change outside of treatment, and analytic approaches that move beyond mediation tests. The dominant causal inference approach that focuses on treatment and individuals as change agents could be expanded to include a molar behavioral approach that focuses on patterns of behavior in temporally extended environmental contexts. Molar behavioral approaches may advance understanding of how recovery from substance use disorder is influenced by broader contextual features, community-level variables, and social determinants of health.
Sixth International Symposium on Prevention and Detection of Cancer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Sixth International Symposium on Prevention and Detection of Cancer Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 72, Issue 6, June 1984, Page 1465, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/72.6.1465-b Published: 01 June 1984