tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The genetic epidemiology of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Charles MacLean, Michael Neale, Ronald C. Kessler, Andrew Heath, Lindon Eaves
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

The authors seek to clarify, from both an epidemiologic and genetic perspective, the major risk factors for bulimia nervosa and to understand the relationship between narrowly defined bulimia and bulimia-like syndromes.Personal structured psychiatric interviews were conducted with 2,163 female twins from a population-based register. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using DSM-III-R criteria.Lifetime prevalence and risk for narrowly defined bulimia were 2.8% and 4.2%, respectively. Including bulimia-like syndromes increased these estimates to 5.7% and 8.0%, respectively. Risk factors for bulimia included 1) birth after 1960, 2) low paternal care, 3) a history of wide weight fluctuation, dieting, or frequent exercise, 4) a slim ideal body image, 5) low self-esteem, 6) an external locus of control, and 7) high levels of neuroticism. Significant comorbidity was found between bulimia and anorexia nervosa, alcoholism, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, phobia, and major depression. Proband-wise concordance for narrowly defined bulimia was 22.9% in monozygotic and 8.7% in dizygotic twins. The best-fitting model indicated that familial aggregation was due solely to genetic factors with a heritability of liability of 55%. A multiple threshold model indicated that narrowly defined bulimia nervosa and bulimia-like syndromes represented different levels of severity on the same continuum of liability.The liability to fully syndromal bulimia nervosa, which affects around one in 25 women at some point in their lives, is substantially influenced by both epidemiologic and genetic risk factors. The same factors that influence the risk for narrowly defined bulimia also influence the risk for less severe bulimia-like syndromes.
TUBERCULOSIS IN B. C. G. VACCINATED NURSES
Authors: J KINNEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

Article1 April 1950TUBERCULOSIS IN B. C. G. VACCINATED NURSESJANET KINNEY, M.D.JANET KINNEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-32-4-673 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecent encouraging reports of B. C. G. vaccination are leading to its more widespread use.1 The relative protection afforded by B. C. G. vaccination is shown by the experience of Aronson and Palmer with Indians in which the rate per thousand person years was 4.7 in the vaccinated compared to 24.3 in the controls.2 In Rosenthal's study of vaccination in newborn infants the tuberculosis rate per thousand person years was 1.95 in the vaccinated and 6.46 in the control groups.3That additional protection is necessary for student nurses with negative Mantoux reactions has been shown by the Prophet Tuberculosis Survey...Bibliography1. Report of Conference on B. C. G. Vaccination, Pub. Health Rep. 62: 346-350, 1947. Google Scholar2. AronsonPalmer JDCE: Experiences with B. C. G. vaccine in control of tuberculosis among North American Indians, Pub. Health Rep. 60: 802-840, 1946. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. RosenthalLeslieLoewensohn SREIE: B. C. G. vaccination, J. A. M. A. 136: 73-78, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Daniels M: Primary tuberculosis infection in nurses—manifestations and prognosis, Lancet 247: 165-170, 201-204, 244-246, 1947. Google Scholar5. Rosenthal SR: The multiple puncture method of B. C. G. vaccination, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 39: 128-134, 1939. Google Scholar6. Holm J: B. C. G. vaccination in Denmark, Pub. Health Rep. 61: 1298-1315, 1946. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JANET KINNEY, M.D.Affiliations: Chicago, Illinois*Received for publication August 19, 1948. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTuberculosis in BCG-Vaccinated NursesBCG Vaccination 1 April 1950Volume 32, Issue 4 Page: 673-681 Keywords Infants ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1950 PDF downloadLoading ...
Epidemiology of influenza A(H1N1)v virus infection in Japan, May - June 2009
Authors: T Shimada, Y Gu, H Kamiya, N Komiya, F Odaira, T Sunagawa, H Takahashi, T Toyokawa, Y Tsuchihashi, Y Yasui, Y Tada, N Okabe
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Between 9 May and 4 June 2009, a total of 401 laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza A(H1N1)v virus were reported in Japan, from 16 of the 47 Japanese prefectures. The two areas most affected were Osaka prefecture and Kobe city where outbreaks in high schools occurred leading to school closures. To date all cases have had symptoms consistent with seasonal influenza and no severe or fatal cases have been reported.
Highly Efficient Transduction of the Green Fluorescent Protein Gene in Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells Capable of Cobblestone Formation in Long-Term Cultures and Multilineage Engraftment of Immunodeficient Mice
Authors: Paula B. van Hennik, Monique M.A. Verstegen, Marti F.A. Bierhuizen, Ana Limón, Albertus W. Wognum, José A. Cancelas, Jordi Barquinero, Rob E. Ploemacher, Gerard Wagemaker
Journal: Blood (1998)
Patients' nutritional status is not recorded
Authors: A. Avenell
Journal: BMJ (1995)

used in the multivariate analysis.For instance, could social class factors (smoking history, body mass index) or other factors (drug treatment) have varied among the hospital populations and affected the results?Similarly, could the large observed differences between the sexes indicate particular comorbidities that were not measured?The proportion of the total variability in 90 day mortality that was due to the casemix factors used in the model is not stated.If this proportion was small there may have been other casemix factors that were not taken into consideration; the modelling process used by the authors could be better judged if all the factors considered were stated and the extent of the total variability in 90 day mortality explained by the model was recorded.It seems implausible that treatment in hospital 6 should have exerted such a pronounced protective effect.Appreciable variations in survival due to differences in the processes of care among hospitals are difficult to identify after adjustment for casemix.2Adequate adjustment for casemix is difficult, and many studies tend to collect few data with which to attempt such adjustments.This study may have considered too few casemix factors for any reliable comment to be made about the effect of the processes of care in the different hospitals.
Comparison view radiographs are not routinely required
Authors: T F Beattie, M Hendry, M Mcphillips, S Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Robin Touquet and colleagues state that “a child with limited extension of the elbow after injury should have radiographs taken of both elbow joints for comparison at the outset.”1 This suggests that comparison views should be taken as a …
Effect of short-term interferon therapy on the outcome of subsequent HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia: an analysis from the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry
Authors: Sergio Giralt, Richard Szydlo, John M. Goldman, Judy Veum-Stone, James C. Biggs, Roger H. Herzig, John P. Klein, Philip B. McGlave, Gary Schiller, Robert Peter Gale, Philip A. Rowlings, Mary M. Horowitz
Journal: Blood (2000)
Abstract 18135: Synthetic Cannabinoids-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy Leading to Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Jagadish Khanagavi, Prajakta Phatak, Dhaval Kolte, Wilbert S Aronow, Gregg Lanier
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are psychoactive compounds marketed as bath additives, incense products and smoked as drugs of abuse. Reports of illnesses attributed to it are on the rise and not much is known about their cardiovascular effects. This is the first reported case of SCs-induced thrombotic microangiopathy leading to acute decompensated heart failure. Case: A 20-year-old man with no prior medical problems presented with two seizure episodes. His blood pressure was 176/88 mm Hg and heart rate was 104/minute. Physical exam was unremarkable. Laboratory tests showed anemia, thrombocytopenia and elevated serum creatinine. Elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase level, low haptoglobin and presence of schistocytes confirmed intravascular hemolysis. ADAMTS13 levels and complement levels were normal. A diagnosis of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome was made and patient started on plasmapharesis. Initial echocardiogram showed normal ventricular function. During hospital course patient developed acute pulmonary edema and fluid overload. Repeat echocardiogram demonstrated severely reduced left and right ventricular function. Patient underwent right heart catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy that showed thrombotic microangiopathy. He was started on inotropes and put on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Patient was continued on plasmapharesis and immunoglobulin therapy that resulted in significant improvement of cardiac function in the next six weeks. Further questioning revealed that patient regularly used marijuana and the synthetic cannabinoid SPICE over the prior few months. His urine was positive for tetrahydrocannabinol and serum toxicology showed two synthetic cannabinoids: Hebrew University (HU) - 320 and SPICE (CP 47,497). Discussion: Synthetic cannabinoids can trigger thrombotic microangiopathy and cause acute heart failure. Direct drug-induced endothelial damage with concomitant activation of the clotting cascade is the likely inciting factor and is related to the cumulative dose of the drug. Strong clinical suspicion and systematic analysis for such agents is required to promptly diagnose cases of unexplained heart failure in young and otherwise healthy patients.
The monoclonal antibody 97A6 defines a novel surface antigen expressed on human basophils and their multipotent and unipotent progenitors.
Authors: H J Bühring, P J Simmons, M Pudney, R Müller, D Jarrossay, A van Agthoven, M Willheim, W Brugger, P Valent, L Kanz
Journal: Blood (1999)
Abstract 15969: Activation of RAGE/STAT3 Axis by Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Vascular Remodeling Diseases
Authors: Jolyane Meloche, Roxane Paulin, Melanie Roy, Mohsen Agharazii, Sebastien Bonnet
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Vascular remodeling diseases (VRD), including pulmonary arterial hypertension, are characterized by enhanced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. We descri...
Inhibition of MAP kinase/NF-kB mediated signaling and attenuation of lipopolysaccharide induced severe sepsis by cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Vellaisamy Selvaraj, Niraj Nepal, Steven Rogers, Nandini D.P.K. Manne, Ravikumar Arvapalli, Kevin M. Rice, Shinichi Asano, Erin Fankhanel, Jane J. Ma, Tolou Shokuhfar, Mani Maheshwari, Eric R. Blough
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Abstract 14460: Distribution and Determinants of Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure in African-Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Ken Monahan, DeMarc Hickson, Kenneth Butler, Tandaw Samdarshi, Marion Wofford, Ervin Fox, Herman Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Data from a Caucasian cohort established predictors of echocardiographically-determined pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), but did not investigate the potential contributions ...
Part I-Jordan's Banks, A View from the First Years of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research
Authors: Laurie Zoloth
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2002)

This essay will address the ethical issues that have emerged in the  first  considerations of the newly emerging stem cell technology. Many of us in the field of bioethics were deliberating related issues as we first learned of the new science and confronted the ethical issues it raised. In this essay, I will draw on the work of colleagues who were asked to reoect on early stages of the research (members of the IRBs, the Geron Ethicist Advisory Board, and the National Bioethics Advisory Commission) as the field debated the issues of consent, moral status, use of animal tissues, abortion, use of fetal tissue, and the nature and goals of entrepreneurial research. In this new capacity, ethicists weighed the problem of privacy, the role of justice considerations, and the issues of the marketplace in science. At this point, it is clear that far more issues remain unresolved than are settled, that there is largely unexplored territory ahead, and that the single most important task that faces us as a field is a steady call for ongoing conversation and public debate.
Only a minor part of cerebral palsy cases begin in labour
Authors: L. S Bakketeig
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Education and debate p 1054 

Cerebral palsy develops in 2-3 out of 1000 live births during the first years of life. Its association with complications during childbirth has led to much controversy—and much litigation. This issue of the BMJ contains an international consensus statement on what is known about the causal relation between acute intrapartum events and cerebral palsy (p 1054).1 The statement has been produced by an international task force representing a wide range of sciences, clinical specialties, and professional associations. The document is based on a thorough multidisciplinary literature review with the intention of benefiting research into the causation and prevention of cerebral palsy and helping those who counsel in this field or who offer expert opinion in court.

The common assumption is that perinatal asphyxia is the usual cause of cerebral palsy in term babies.2 A few years ago a consensus statement from the Australian and New Zealand perinatal societies concluded, “There is no evidence that current obstetric practices can reduce the risk …
Ischemic Optic Neuropathies
Authors: Sohan Singh Hayreh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Ischemic optic neuropathy is one of the major causes of blindness or seriously impaired vision, yet there is disagreement as to its pathogenesis, clinical features, and especially its management. I have conducted basic, experimental, and clinical studies on it since 1955. From these studies, I discussed at length various basic and clinical aspects of ischemic optic neuropathy recently in my book entitled Ischemic Optic Neuropathies [1]. The following is a brief summary.
Abstract 13364: ST2 and GDF-15 are Associated With Structural Heart Disease and Mortality in HIV-Infected Individuals
Authors: Eric A Secemsky, Rebecca Scherzer, Elaine Nitta, Alan Wu, David C Lange, Steven G Deeks, Jeffrey N Martin, James Snider, Peter Ganz, Priscilla Y Hsue
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: HIV-infected individuals have a high rate of cardiovascular disease, and traditional factors do not fully identify at-risk patients. We thus studied whether biomarkers of inflammation, ...
Role of Franzen Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: N Anandan, E MacKenzie, J C Gingell, M J Rowell, D H Johnson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

A retrospective study is reported of all Franzen fine-needle aspiration cytology undertaken at Southmead Hospital between January 1978 and December 1981. A total of 1043 aspirates were examined from 753 patients. The diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate was missed in 2 patients. Twenty-one patients with cytologically-proven carcinoma in histologically-benign prostates were detected, and the role of the Franzen needle in the diagnosis of early prostatic cancer is discussed. Of the 218 patients proceeding to prostatectomy, there were 91 patients with carcinoma and in 65 (72%) the cytological and histological grading was identical. A significant disparity occurred in 8 cases and the reasons are discussed.
Abstract 16891: The Apelin Receptor is an Allosteric Inhibitor of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor
Authors: Layton H Smith, Khandaker Siddiquee, Jessica Hampton
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Apelin and its receptor are emerging as an endogenous counter-regulator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In experimental models, apelin opposes angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated hypertension and cardiovascular fibrosis as well as the acceleration of atherosclerosis and the development of abdominal aortic aneurisms. In vitro studies show that apelin antagonizes Ang II signaling through the Ang II Type 1 receptor (AT1), but the precise molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. In the present study, we sought to test the hypothesis that the apelin receptor is a dominant negative regulator of AT1. Using co-immunoprecipitation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) techniques, we confirm that the apelin receptor (APJ) and AT1 physically interact to form a heterodimeric complex. The interaction between APJ and AT1 was increased by the APJ agonist apelin-13 (Ap13), but not Ang II. Ap13-mediated dimerization between APJ and AT1 eliminated Ang II-mediated recruitment of β-arrestin to AT1 and significantly decreased Ang II-induced Ca 2+ flux. Radioligand binding studies revealed that Ap13 reduced Ang II binding without direct competition. Taken together, these data lead us to conclude that apelin counter-regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system through the apelin-dependent heterodimerization and APJ-mediated negative allosteric regulation of AT1 function.
Preparedness for the prevention and control of influenza outbreaks on passenger ships in the EU: the SHIPSAN TRAINET project communication
Authors: V A Mouchtouri, N Black, G Nichols, T Paux, T Riemer, J Rjabinina, C Schlaich, C Menel Lemos, J Kremastinou, C Hadjichristodoulou, Collective for SHIPSAN TRAINET project
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Passenger ships carry a large number of people in confined spaces. A case of the new influenza A (H1N1) virus aboard a passenger ship is an expected event and would lead to rapid spread of the virus, if preventive measures are not in place. However, many cruise lines have detailed policies and procedures to deal with cases of influenza like illness (ILI). The EU SHIPSAN and SHIPSAN TRAINET projects include in their objectives guidelines for the prevention and control of communicable diseases aboard passenger ships. A literature review showed that from 1997 to 2005, nine confirmed outbreaks of influenza were linked to passenger ships, with attack rates up to 37%. It is important to establish and maintain a surveillance system for ILI aboard passenger ships, in order to systematically collect data that can help to determine the baseline illness levels. Monitoring these will enable early identification of outbreaks and allow timely implementation of control measures.
Outbreak investigation in two groups of coach passengers with gastroenteritis returning from Germany to the Netherlands in February 2009
Authors: H Visser, L Verhoef, W Schop, H M Gotz
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

In February 2009, an outbreak of 38 cases of gastroenteritis occurred among the participants of two Dutch coach trips (A and B) who visited the same hotel in Germany. We initiated an outbreak investigation to determine possible risk of food-borne infection. A retrospective cohort study was performed among 87 passengers using a self-administered questionnaire. The response rate was 75 of 87 (86%). Mean age was 65 years. Cases were defined as participants of the two coach trips who had diarrhoea and/or vomiting at least once within 24 hours in the period between 7 and 14 February 2009. We distinguished early and late cases, with symptoms starting within or after 72 hours of arrival in the hotel. Overall attack-rate was 38 of 75 (51%). Microbiological investigation was performed on stool samples of two passengers from Coach A and two passengers from Coach B. Identical norovirus genotype II.4 sequences were detected in all four samples. Univariate analysis revealed a potential risk for early cases from juice consumption , which was most clearly seen for Coach B on day of arrival (juice at lunch: relative risk (RR): 3.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-11.7; juice at dinner: RR: 5.5, 95% CI: 1.6-18.1). A dose-response relationship was found. This outbreak was probably caused by using the taps of juice served in large containers with a tap for self-service, due to environmental contamination through person-to-person transmission. Still the role of either contaminated juice or contact with contaminated juice cannot be ruled out.
Abstract 279: Real-time Cerebral Hemoglobin Concentration Changes From NIRS; a Valid Evaluation Method for Quality CPR Chest Compression in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Yasuaki Koyama, Takafumi Wada, Yuka Takamatsu, Mumon Takita, Brandon D Lohman, Junichi Matsumoto, Shigeki Fujitani, Yasuhiko Taira
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive real-time measurement device capable of monitoring the cerebral perfusion volume and may potentially represent the efficacy of chest compression. Introduction: NIRS assesses cerebral hemoglobin concentration changes ([[Unable to Display Character: ⊿]]cHb) independently of pulse by utilizing adhesive sensors that are placed on the forehead where [[Unable to Display Character: ⊿]]cHb measurements are evaluated within the segment of cerebral tissue analyzed. [[Unable to Display Character: ⊿]]cHb waveforms are displayed real-time and reflect chest compression quality which we defined as compressions of adequate depth capable to increase cerebral perfusion manifesting as waveforms on monitor. We set out to identify whether a relationship between [[Unable to Display Character: ⊿]]cHb and quality chest compressions could be determined with NIRS. Method: We prospectively enrolled eight out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients admitted to our ED. The exclusion criteria included trauma and age &lt; 15. Seven (87.5%) underwent both [[Unable to Display Character: ⊿]]cHb evaluation with the NIRO200NX (Hamamatsu Photonics) using NIRS and compression depth evaluation with the MRx-QCPR (Philips Healthcare). Each 2-minute CPR session is administered by one same operator and may be relegated in-between CPR sessions. From the whole resuscitation process, we randomly selected from 3 CPR sessions over 100 [[Unable to Display Character: ⊿]]cHb waveforms for every subject (~30 waveforms per session) and investigated correlations between the selected [[Unable to Display Character: ⊿]]cHb waveforms amplitudes and the depth of their respective chest compression. Results: 2 (29%) were strongly correlated. Within each single 2-minute CPR session, significant correlation was observed, whereas the totality of three CPR sessions demonstrated poor correlations attributable to several CPR manipulators. Conclusion: Strong correlation appears to exist between [[Unable to Display Character: ⊿]]cHb waveforms and chest compression depth. NIRS can evaluate in real-time[[Unable to Display Character: ⊿]]cHb waveform and may potentially serve as an index to evaluate quality CPR chest compression.
The treatment response scale: a retrospective method of assessing response to neuroleptics
Authors: J G Csernansky, J A Yesavage, W Maloney, J Kaplan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The 10-item Treatment Response Scale (TRS) was used to rate the charts of schizophrenic inpatients for prior response to neuroleptic treatment. Interrater reliability, interitem agreement, and agreement of each item with total TRS scores were good. The validity of the TRS was assessed against changes in independent measurements with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. The results indicate that findings from a systematic chart review correlate substantially with clinical assessment of response.