tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Standardization of microbiome studies for urolithiasis: an international consensus agreement
Authors: Naveen Kachroo, Dirk Lange, Kristina L. Penniston, Joshua Stern, Gregory Tasian, Petar Bajic, Alan J. Wolfe, Mangesh Suryavanshi, Andrea Ticinesi, Tiziana Meschi, Manoj Monga, Aaron W. Miller
Journal: Nature Reviews Urology (2021)

Numerous metagenome-wide association studies (MWAS) for urolithiasis have been published, leading to the discovery of potential interactions between the microbiome and urolithiasis. However, questions remain about the reproducibility, applicability and physiological relevance of these data owing to discrepancies in experimental technique and a lack of standardization in the field. One barrier to interpreting MWAS is that experimental biases can be introduced at every step of the experimental pipeline, including sample collection, preservation, storage, processing, sequencing, data analysis and validation. Thus, the introduction of standardized protocols that maintain the flexibility to achieve study-specific objectives is urgently required. To address this need, the first international consortium for microbiome in urinary stone disease - MICROCOSM - was created and consensus panel members were asked to participate in a consensus meeting to develop standardized protocols for microbiome studies if they had published an MWAS on urolithiasis. Study-specific protocols were revised until a consensus was reached. This consensus group generated standardized protocols, which are publicly available via a secure online server, for each step in the typical clinical microbiome-urolithiasis study pipeline. This standardization creates the benchmark for future studies to facilitate consistent interpretation of results and, collectively, to lead to effective interventions to prevent the onset of urolithiasis, and will also be useful for investigators interested in microbiome research in other urological diseases.
Reduced aortocoronary sinus extraction of epinephrine in patients with left ventricular failure secondary to long-term pressure or volume overload.
Authors: C PRose, J HBurgess, DCousineau
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Heart failure is associated with a reduction in tissue norepinephrine concentration, catecholamine fluorescence, and tyrosine hydroxylase activity. We hypothesized that this attrition of sympathetic nerve function might also be associated with a reduction in the ability of the neuronal membrane to sequester catecholamines. Since the heart does not release epinephrine, the cardiac extraction of epinephrine should be an index of the membrane uptake system. In 12 patients with documented left ventricular failure (pulmonary edema) secondary to mechanical overload and in 10 patients with no history of heart failure, we measured simultaneous plasma catecholamine concentrations in the aorta, coronary sinus, and femoral vein. The aortocoronary sinus extraction of epinephrine was 43 +/- 17% in the group with no evidence of heart failure but 0 +/- 14% in the group with failure. Net norepinephrine outflow (release minus extraction) was significantly higher in the group with failure, possibly because of reduced extra...
Correlation of Mutational Profile and Response in Patients with Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia Treated with Pegylated Interferon Alfa 2a As Part of a Prospective Phase II Study
Authors: Lucia Masarova, Keyur Patel, Saradhi Mallampathi, Yawa Dzifa Duose, Kate J Newberry, Jorge E. Cortes, Zeev Estrov, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Raja Luthra, Srdan Verstovsek
Journal: Blood (2017)
Determination of left ventricular mass by magnetic resonance imaging in hearts deformed by acute infarction.
Authors: E PShapiro, W JRogers, RBeyar, R LSoulen, E AZerhouni, J ALima, J LWeiss
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Measurement of left ventricular (LV) mass by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is accurate in normal hearts. Because determination of mass by MRI does not require assumptions about ventricular shape, this method may be well suited for evaluating hearts distorted by infarction. To test this hypothesis, gated MRI was performed in 15 dogs before and after acute myocardial infarction. The LV mass of each dog was calculated from five short-axis images acquired at end systole, when shape distortion is greatest, at end diastole, and also from slices at varying phases of the cycle with a multiphase mode that required only one acquisition. Correlation was excellent between actual mass and end-systolic mass before infarction (p less than 0.001, r = 0.98, and SEE = 5.1 g) and after infarction (p less than 0.001, r = 0.97, and SEE = 6.6 g). Likewise, values correlated closely at end diastole before (p less than 0.001, r = 0.96, and SEE = 6.7 g) and after infarction (p less than 0.001, r = 0.94, and SEE = 8.7 g). Surpr...
Bistabilities and annihilation phenomena in electrophysiological cardiac models.
Authors: MLandau, PLorente, DMichaels, JJalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We have investigated the oscillatory behavior of cardiac cellular elements simulated by two electrophysiological models: the van Capelle and Durrer (VCD) model and the sinoatrial node cell model of Yanagihara, Noma, and Irisawa (YNI). The VCD model behavior was examined systematically by using continuation-bifurcation analysis. Bifurcation diagrams were constructed as a function of Qit1, an intrinsic parameter of the model, which sets both maximum diastolic potential and depolarization threshold of the cell. The existence of stable high amplitude oscillations was evidenced between two Hopf bifurcation points (HB). Near each HB, a zone of bistability was detected. Close to the HB that corresponded to high values of Qit1, a high amplitude periodic stable state coexisted with a stable steady state. Close to the other HB, in a narrow range of lower Qit1 values, a relatively high amplitude periodic stable state coexisted with a low amplitude periodic stable state. There was no stable steady state in the latter...
Assessment of fibrin degradation products during fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: C WFrancis, D GConnaghan, V JMarder
Journal: Circulation (1986)

In a group of 39 patients who received fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction, serum crosslinked fibrin degradation products (XLDP) were quantitated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an antibody reactive with a site near the gamma gamma crosslink of fibrin, and characterized by a gel electrophoretic method to distinguish fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) from XLDP. After coronary artery reperfusion, 63 of 81 (69%) serum samples showed XLDP by gel analysis, whereas the incidence of positive samples before reperfusion, 53 of 144 (37%), was significantly less (p less than .0001). The first appearance of serum XLDP by gel analysis was most often in the 15 min interval immediately before or after angiographic documentation of reperfusion, and the elapsed treatment time required to produce a positive test was shorter with more intensive treatment regimens. However, the appearance of serum XLDP was not a specific indicator of reperfusion in individual patients, since one or ...
The many actions of insulin in skeletal muscle, the paramount tissue determining glycemia
Authors: Lykke Sylow, Victoria L. Tokarz, Erik A. Richter, Amira Klip
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2021)

As the principal tissue for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, skeletal muscle is a primary driver of whole-body glycemic control. Skeletal muscle also uniquely responds to muscle contraction or exercise with increased sensitivity to subsequent insulin stimulation. Insulin's dominating control of glucose metabolism is orchestrated by complex and highly regulated signaling cascades that elicit diverse and unique effects on skeletal muscle. We discuss the discoveries that have led to our current understanding of how insulin promotes glucose uptake in muscle. We also touch upon insulin access to muscle, and insulin signaling toward glycogen, lipid, and protein metabolism. We draw from human and rodent studies in vivo, isolated muscle preparations, and muscle cell cultures to home in on the molecular, biophysical, and structural elements mediating these responses. Finally, we offer some perspective on molecular defects that potentially underlie the failure of muscle to take up glucose efficiently during obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Recommendations for prevention of bacterial endocarditis: compliance by dental general practitioners.
Authors: DSadowsky, CKunzel
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Telephone interviews were conducted with a national sample of general practice dentists (n = 460). Clinical vignettes were used to test clinicians' knowledge of, and compliance with, the 1984 American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Analyses of the data document a relatively low level of knowledge of correct indications and regimens for antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent endocarditis. Respondents were unsure, and often incorrect, about the relationship between a variety of cardiac conditions and potential risk for endocarditis. Compliance with the guidelines for proper dosage and timing of antibiotics was also problematic. Those clinicians who had a better understanding of patient risk factors and the principles underlying the AHA recommendations were more likely to follow them, as were practitioners who kept a copy of the recommendations in the office. The findings are significant in view of previous suggestions that use of inappropriate antibiotic regimen...
Beta-blockade with bucindolol in heart failure caused by ischemic versus idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: S LWoodley, E MGilbert, J LAnderson, J BO'Connell, DDeitchman, F GYanowitz, P CMealey, KVolkman, D GRenlund, RMenlove
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDWe investigated the effects of bucindolol, a nonselective, non-ISA beta-blocker with mild-vasodilatory properties, in patients with congestive heart failure from ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (ISCDC, n = 27) and compared the results with those in subjects with heart failure from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC, n = 22).METHODS AND RESULTSPatients were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive 12 weeks' treatment with either bucindolol or placebo, with randomization stratified for IDC or ISCDC: Invasive (right heart catheterization) and noninvasive (echo, MUGA, central venous norepinephrine, exercise treadmill studies, and symptom scores) tests of heart failure severity were determined at baseline and end of the study. For all subjects (ISCDC plus IDC), relative to placebo treatment, bucindolol-treated patients had significant improvement in ejection fraction, left ventricular size and filling pressure, stroke work index, symptom score, and central venous norepinephrine. However, m...
Oxygen-induced contraction in the guinea pig neonatal ductus arteriosus.
Authors: M JRoulet, R FCoburn
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We investigated the mechanism of oxygen-induced contractions in ductus arteriosus isolated from neonatal guinea pig. A preparation equilibrated at low Po2 (less than 40 mm Hg) displayed a steady membrane potential of -54.8 mV. Application of oxygen (Po2 (less than approximately or equal to 300 mm Hg) resulted in: (1) stepwise development of tension coupled to action potentials and (2) sustained membrane depolarization to -32.9 mV associated with tonic contraction. Mechanical sensitivity to oxygen persisted at any[K]o up to 126 mM, and tension was always larger at a given [K]o or a given membrane potential with high Po2 than with low Po2. The change in membrane potential per decade change in [K]o was 35 mV at low Po2 and 16 mV at high Po2. Oxygen contractions occurred when the ductal strips were bathed in K-free media or exposed to ouabain. We conclude that oxygen caused a conductance change in the sarcolemma resulting in depolarization, which is coupled to contraction. There is also evidence of a membrane...
Abstract 11598: Low Plasma Homoarginine is Associated With Total Mortality in the General Population: The Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Rainer H Boeger, Juliane Hannemann, Rebecca J Song, Vanessa Xanthakis, Edzard Schwedhelm, Vasan S Ramachandran
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Homoarginine (HArg) is an endogenous, non-proteinogenic amino acid. Low HArg levels have been associated with risk of stroke, congestive heart failure, and cardiovascular disease (CVD...
バルーン非使用冠動脈血管形成(DREAM:Radius排除バルーン血管形成法による減量)の初期および慢性期結果
Authors: Hirosaka A, Niitsuma T, Miura E, Igarashi M, Komatsu N, Kijima M, Oikawa Y, Aizawa T
Journal: Circulation (2003)
Effect of anti-CD18 antibody on myocardial neutrophil accumulation and infarct size after ischemia and reperfusion in dogs.
Authors: MTanaka, S EBrooks, V JRichard, G PFitzHarris, R CStoler, R BJennings, K EArfors, K AReimer
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDPolymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) accumulate in postischemic myocardium and may cause injury to myocardium or to vessels by production of oxygen free radicals or by release of proteases and lipases. PMN accumulation is dependent on adherence to endothelium, which is mediated by a family of glycoproteins on the PMN surface, each of which has a common beta-subunit (CD18). The purpose of this study was to determine whether an antibody (IB4) against the CD18 protein could attenuate PMN accumulation and limit myocardial infarct size.METHODS AND RESULTSF(ab')2 fragments of a mouse monoclonal antibody to human adherence-promoting leukocyte glycoprotein (CD18) were used. Infarct size after 90 minutes of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion was compared in dogs with (n = 8) and without (n = 8) the anti-CD18 treatment. Myocardial PMN accumulation was assessed with 111In-labeled autologous PMNs. Anti-CD18 treatment significantly reduced the number of PMNs in the ischemic region (19,123 +/- 5,352/mg versu...
RE: Germline Mutations in the Kallikrein 6 Region and Predisposition for Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Christopher J D Wallis, Mohammad R Akbari, Steven A Narod, Robert K Nam
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2017)

P values calculated from multivariable logistic regression models (two-sided).AA ¼ homozygous for the alternative allele; Alt ¼ alternative allele; CI ¼ confidence interval; OR ¼ odds ratio; PCa ¼ prostate cancer; RA ¼ heterozygous; Ref ¼ reference allele; RR ¼ homozygous for the reference allele; SNP ¼ single nucleotide polymorphism.†Odds ratios and P values calculated from multivariable logistic regression models (two-sided).
Acute arterial hypertension during spontaneous angina in patients with fixed coronary stenosis and exertional angina: an associated rather than a triggering phenomenon.
Authors: JFigueras, JCinca
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The role of systemic arterial hypertension as a possible trigger of myocardial ischemia during angina at rest was studied in 13 consecutive patients who also had a history of exertional angina. Significant (greater than or equal to 70%) stenosis of at least one major vessel was present in each of the 10 patients in whom coronary arteriography was carried out. After documentation of the electrocardiographic and arterial blood pressure changes during two or more episodes of resting angina, i.v. methoxamine was infused under continuous monitoring of the ECG, arterial blood pressure and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. The heart rate was maintained either spontaneously or by atrial pacing to levels similar to those during angina at rest. Despite increases in arterial blood pressure and the double product (systolic blood pressure x heart rate) to levels higher than those during spontaneous angina in all patients, no chest pain or electrocardiographic changes occurred in nine patients. In the other four pat...
Automatic Embedding Technique for Histopathological Examination Increases R0 Resection Rates for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Major Impact in Decreasing Local Risk Status for Anorectal Cases
Authors: L Verset, A-M Bucalau, M Figueiredo Ferreira, J Devière, V Huberty, P Demetter, A Lemmers
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows « en-bloc » resection of superficial gastrointestinal neoplasia. Standardized macroscopic and microscopic approaches are required to adequately assess the curative status. Nevertheless, margin assessment is sometimes challenging especially if samples are not correctly orientated within paraffin blocks.The aim of the study was to compare margin status of ESD specimens embedded using one of two methods: a manual embedding technique (MET) or an automatic embedding technique (AET).
Value and limitations of transesophageal echocardiography in assessment of mitral valve prostheses.
Authors: B KKhandheria, J BSeward, J KOh, W KFreeman, B ANichols, L JSinak, F AMiller, A JTajik
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDTransthoracic Doppler echocardiography examination has become an integral part of the investigations performed in patients with mitral valve prostheses. The limitations of the transthoracic approach are well documented. Transesophageal echocardiography provides a unique window for achieving a clear view of the mitral prosthesis.METHODS AND RESULTSThis study shows the usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in clinical practice for assessment of patients with a mitral valve prosthesis. This technique demonstrated an abnormality in 48% of patients who had normal results on transthoracic examination. The overall sensitivity of transesophageal echocardiography was 96%.CONCLUSIONSTransesophageal echocardiography constitutes an essential part of a comprehensive two-dimensional/Doppler echocardiographic examination in patients with suspected malfunction of mitral prostheses.
Delayed myocardial ischemia induced by anger.
Authors: R LVerrier, E LHagestad, BLown
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The objectives of this study were to develop a reproducible behavioral model that simulates the anger state and to characterize its influence on myocardial blood flow in both the normal and compromised coronary circulations. Fourteen mongrel dogs of both sexes were studied. The animals were instrumented for the recording of electrocardiogram, arterial blood pressure, and left circumflex coronary arterial blood flow. A critical level of coronary stenosis was achieved with an adjustable occluder placed just distal to the flow probe. Anger was induced in the instrumented animals by having another dog challenge their access to food. In the absence of coronary artery stenosis, provocation of anger increased heart rate from 107 +/- 6 to 215 +/- 15 beats/min, arterial blood pressure from 95 +/- 4 to 142 +/- 5 mm Hg, and coronary blood flow from 31 +/- 5 to 72 +/- 9 ml/min. These variables returned to the preanger levels within 2 to 4 min. Induction of anger was repeated after a critical stenosis was applied to t...
Effect of propranolol on myocardial ischemia occurring during acute coronary occlusion.
Authors: R LFeldman, R GMacDonald, J AHill, M CLimacher, C RConti, C JPepine
Journal: Circulation (1986)

In 16 patients undergoing angioplasty of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the clinical, electrocardiographic, and hemodynamic effects of short-term intravenous nonselective beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol (0.1 mg/kg) were assessed during temporary occlusion of the artery. Myocardial ischemia during coronary occlusion was prevented, delayed in onset, or diminished in magnitude by propranolol in 10 of the 16 patients. Propranolol decreased values for indexes of myocardial oxygen demand, such as heart rate and blood pressure and their product, in all patients. Surprisingly, in patients who derived clinical benefit, propranolol did not change indexes of myocardial oxygen supply to the left ventricular region perfused by the occluded artery. For example, great cardiac vein flow (40 +/- 15 to 41 +/- 17 ml/min, p = NS) and coronary collateral resistance (2.1 +/- 1.0 to 2.1 +/- 1.1 mm Hg/ml/min, p = NS) were unchanged. In contrast, a worsening of supply occurred in patients who were not ben...
Fibrin formation and degradation in patients with arteriosclerotic disease.
Authors: THerren, HStricker, AHaeberli, D DDo, P WStraub
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDThe blood coagulation cascade was reported to be activated in patients with arteriosclerotic disease of the lower limbs (peripheral arterial disease, PAD). There is more thrombin and fibrin formation compared with healthy control subjects. In many studies, however, the presence of arteriosclerotic disease had not been thoroughly ruled out in the control group. Therefore, markers of the activation of the blood coagulation cascade were measured in patients with PAD and in a carefully defined control group, both groups being subjected to an exercise test.METHODS AND RESULTSTwenty-two patients with angiographically documented PAD of grade II (Fontaine classification) and 13 control subjects in whom the presence of arteriosclerotic lesions was ruled out by noninvasive means in the carotid arteries, abdominal aorta, leg arteries, and coronary arteries took part in the study. Before and immediately after a treadmill stress test, the concentrations of prothrombin fragment F1 + 2 (F1 + 2), thrombin-antit...
Mechanism of preconditioning. Ionic alterations.
Authors: CSteenbergen, M EPerlman, R ELondon, EMurphy
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The mechanism by which preconditioning (brief intermittent periods of ischemia and reflow) improves recovery of function and reduces enzyme release after a subsequent 30-minute period of ischemia was investigated in perfused rat hearts. Specifically, it was hypothesized that ischemia after preconditioning would result in a decreased production of H+ and therefore a smaller rise in [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i via Na(+)-H+ and Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange. To test this hypothesis we measured pHi, [Na+]i, [Ca2+]i, and cell high-energy phosphates during ischemia and reflow, and we correlated this with recovery of contractile function and release of creatine kinase during reflow. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to measure pHi and cell phosphates. [Na+]i was measured by 23Na NMR using the shift reagent thulium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N,'N,N'-tetramethylenephosph onate to distinguish intracellular from extracellular sodium. [Ca2+]i was measured by 19F NMR using hearts loaded with 1,2-bis(2-amino-5-fluorop...
Over-Expression of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Attenuates Atherosclerosis
Authors: Siddhartha S. Ghosh, Jing Wang, Paul J. Yannie, Remy C. Cooper, Yashnoor K. Sandhu, Genta Kakiyama, William J. Korzun, Shobha Ghosh
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

[Figure: see text].
In statin-treated patients at high CV risk, adding omega-3 fatty acidsvs. corn oil to usual care did not reduce MACE
Authors: Brian Budenholzer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Source Citation Nicholls SJ, Lincoff AM, Garcia M, et al. Effect of high-dose omega-3 fatty acids vs corn oil on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients at high cardiovascular risk: the STRENGTH randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;324:2268-80. 33190147