tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Time course of coronary endothelial healing after injury due to ischemia and reperfusion.
Authors: L DHorwitz, DKaufman, M WKeller, YKong
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDAlthough it has been demonstrated in short-term preparations that ischemia with early reperfusion results in coronary vascular injury manifested by abnormal endothelium-dependent relaxation and increased permeability to plasma proteins, it has not been clear whether these abnormalities are permanent or reversible.METHODS AND RESULTSIn a canine model, regional coronary ischemia was accomplished by 1 hour of left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, and follow-up studies were performed after reperfusion for 1 hour, 48 hours, 2 weeks, or 9 weeks. Vasorelaxation was measured in vitro with preconstricted epicardial coronary artery rings subjected to increasing concentrations of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator ADP and the endothelium-independent vasodilator nitroprusside. At 1 and 48 hours of reperfusion, relaxation of rings from the ischemic reperfused artery to ADP was blunted, but relaxation to nitroprusside was normal. At 2 weeks there was a nonsignificant trend toward a blunted res...
Endothelin has biological actions at pathophysiological concentrations.
Authors: ALerman, F LHildebrand, L LAarhus, J CBurnett
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDEndothelin is an endothelium-derived peptide that produces sustained contraction of arterial and venous smooth muscle in vitro. Several studies have established endothelin as a systemic, renal, and coronary vasoconstrictor in vivo at pharmacological concentrations. Such concentrations of endothelin were antinatriuretic in association with activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Recent studies have demonstrated that endothelin is present in the plasma and that its plasma concentrations are increased in various pathological states associated with systemic and renal vasoconstriction. To date, it remains unclear if such increases in circulating endothelin are associated with biological activity. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the biological action of endothelin on cardiorenal and endocrine function through administration of exogenous endothelin, which achieves plasma concentrations that have been reported in various pathophysiological conditions.METHODS AND RESULT...
De subitaneis mortibus. XXX. Observations on the pathophysiology of the long QT syndromes with special reference to the neuropathology of the heart.
Authors: T NJames, PFroggatt, W JAtkinson, P RLurie, D GMcNamara, W WMiller, G TSchloss, J FCarroll, R LNorth
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Eight patients (different families) with syncopal attacks and a long QT interval in the ECG died suddenly. Five heard normally and three were born deaf. At postmortem examination of all eight hearts the single consistent abnormality was focal neuritis and neural degeneration within the sinus node, A-V node, His bundle and ventricular myocardium. Although the etiology of this intracardiac neural disease is uncertain, a chronic viral infection or some noninfectious degenerative process are among the plausible causes discussed. If intracardiac neuritis and neural degeneration prove to be a prevalent finding among other victims dying from the long QT syndromes, further consideration should be given to whether there is any genuine hereditary component in the pathogenesis. Because of the asymmetrical and focal distribution of the cardioneural lesions, the response to present forms of medical or surgical treatment of the lung QT syndromes may vary from benefit to harm. Until more is known of the true etiology of...
Phospholipase D produces increased contractile force in rabbit ventricular muscle.
Authors: G ALanger, T LRich
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Inclusion of phospholipase D (Streptomyces chromofuscus, 5 U/ml) in the medium perfusing rabbit papillary muscles increased peak force development by 78% and peak dF/dt by 89%. The maximal contractile response occurred 40-50 minutes after addition of the enzyme to the perfusate. As peak contractile response developed, aftercontractions appeared in most muscles. The inotropic response was slowly reversible, with disappearance of aftercontractions, upon discontinuation of the enzyme. Phospholipase D produces a specific increase of phosphatidic acid in the sarcolemma and, therefore, an increase in net anionic charge on the membrane. It has been shown previously that phospholipase D induces a large increase in sarcolemmal calcium binding. We propose, on the basis of the present study, that phospholipid-bound calcium may play a significant role in the control of contractile force in mammalian myocardium.
Increased thromboxane biosynthesis in a human preparation of platelet activation: biochemical and functional consequences of selective inhibition of thromboxane synthase.
Authors: I AReilly, J BDoran, BSmith, G AFitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Although thromboxane A2 is a potent platelet agonist and vasoconstrictor in vitro, our knowledge of its pathophysiologic importance in human disease is limited. To facilitate the elucidation of its role in vivo, we sought to define a human syndrome in which pharmacologic interventions designed to inhibit the biosynthesis or biologic actions of thromboxane A2 might be appropriately assessed. Patients with severe peripheral vascular disease were selected on the basis of elevated plasma beta-thromboglobulin and circulating platelet aggregates and compared with healthy, age-matched control subjects. In addition to the platelet indexes, their bleeding time was shorter and excretion of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2, a noninvasive index of thromboxane formation in vivo, and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F 1 alpha, the major urinary metabolite of prostacyclin, was markedly increased. A selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthase, imidazo (1,5-2) pyridine-5-hexanoic acid, was administered to these patients under rando...
Detection of patients at risk for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation during sinus rhythm by P wave-triggered signal-averaged electrocardiogram.
Authors: MFukunami, TYamada, MOhmori, KKumagai, KUmemoto, ASakai, NKondoh, TMinamino, NHoki
Journal: Circulation (1991)

To determine whether patients at risk for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation could be detected while in sinus rhythm, the signal-averaged electrocardiogram triggered by P waves was recorded in 42 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (Paf group) and in 50 control patients. The root mean square voltages (LP10, LP20, and LP30) for the last 10, 20, and 30 msec and the duration (Ad) of filtered (40-300 Hz) P wave of the spatial magnitude were measured. LP10 and LP20 were significantly lower in the Paf than in the control group (LP10, 1.92 +/- 0.58 versus 2.49 +/- 0.78 microV, p less than 0.001; LP20, 2.47 +/- 0.78 versus 3.46 +/- 1.20 microV, p less than 0.0001), although no significant difference in LP30 was found between groups. Ad was also significantly longer in the Paf than in the control group (137.0 +/- 14.3 versus 118.6 +/- 11.3 msec, p less than 0.001). These differences between the Paf and control groups remained significant even after dividing by the presence or absence of organic heart diseases...
Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic detection of pulmonary regurgitation and its application to noninvasive estimation of pulmonary artery pressure.
Authors: TMasuyama, KKodama, AKitabatake, HSato, SNanto, MInoue
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography was used to estimate pulmonary artery pressures by measuring pulmonary regurgitant flow velocity in 21 patients with pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg) and 24 patients without pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary regurgitant flow velocity patterns, characterized by a rapid rise in flow velocity immediately after closure of the pulmonary valve and a gradual deceleration until the next pulmonary valve opening, were successfully obtained in 18 of the 21 patients with pulmonary hypertension and in 13 of the 24 patients without pulmonary hypertension. As pulmonary artery pressure increased, pulmonary regurgitant flow velocity became higher; the pulmonary artery-to-right ventricular pressure gradient in diastole (PG) was estimated from the pulmonary regurgitant flow velocity (V) by means of the simplified Bernoulli equation (PG = 4V2). The Doppler-determined pressure gradient at end-diastole correlated well with the...
Abstract 18624: Bariatric Surgery Normalizes GlycA Levels Despite Patients Remaining Obese
Authors: Arun Manmadhan, Bing-Xue Lin, Manish Parikh, Jeffrey S Berger, Edward A Fisher, Sean P Heffron
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The chronic inflammation of obesity drives obesity-associated conditions such as atherosclerosis. GlycA, a novel marker of systemic inflammation with much lower intraindividual variab...
Does tissue-type plasminogen activator have direct beneficial effects on the myocardium independent of its ability to lyse intracoronary thrombi?
Authors: R AKloner, KAlker, CCampbell, GFigures, AEisenhauer
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a widely used thrombolytic agent for treating acute myocardial infarction. Some previous studies suggest that t-PA benefits the heart independently of lysing coronary artery thrombi. The purpose of this study was to determine whether t-PA directly affects infarct size independently of lysing coronary thrombi, affects the no-reflow phenomenon, and exacerbates intramyocardial hemorrhage. We used a canine model of 2 hours of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. t-PA was administered 30 minutes after occlusion and was continued for 2 hours. Myocardial infarct size as a percentage of the risk zone was similar between saline (28 +/- 8%) and t-PA (35 +/- 9%) groups in a low-dose study and between saline (46 +/- 12%) and t-PA (44 +/- 12%) groups in a high-dose study. t-PA did not improve no-reflow. Intramyocardial hemoglobin level within the infarct was similar between saline (16 micrograms/mg) and high-dose t-PA ...
Possible contributions of endogenous prostaglandins to the control of blood pressure.
Authors: J RVane, J CMcGiff
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Prostaglandins are primarily local or tissue hormones which have their effects at or near the site of release and are metabolized before reaching the arterial circulation. A possible exception is prostaglandin A-2, which has been proposed as a circulating hormone; however, there is no evidence that prostaglandin A-2 is biosynthesized in the mammalian kidney or even in extrarenal tissues. The prostaglandin generated and released in the kidney is predominantly E-2. Some blood vessels also synthesize prostaglandins intramurally, where their local release influences vascular tone and reactivity. Endogenous prostaglandin E-2 production contributes to the regulation of blood pressure by (1) opposing the vasoconstrictor and antidiuretic actions of circulating pressor hormones; (2) braking the release of norepinephrine from vasoconstrictor nerves; and (3) participating in the control extracellular fluid volume through its renal hemodynamic actions.
Developmentally regulated herpesvirus plaque formation in arterial smooth muscle cells.
Authors: R JKaner, JMedina, A CNicholson, RUrsea, S MSchwartz, D PHajjar
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Previous studies of age-related susceptibility to viral infection have focused largely on the effects of aging on the immune response. Little attention has been given to age-related changes in the infectivity of target cells. We show here a fourfold greater plating efficiency of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) for cultured vascular smooth muscle cells derived from adult rats compared with cells from genetically identical pup rats. The difference in plating efficiency appeared to be due to differences in initial attachment of the virion to the cell surface. There were no differences in the rate of viral entry or the efficiency of viral replication at high multiplicities of infection and no resistant subpopulation of pup cells. The pup cells did not release a soluble inhibitor of infection. Infection in both cell types was inhibited similarly by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Although adult cells exhibited a more vigorous mitogenic response to bFGF than did pup cells, binding studies did not d...
Inclusion of children with airway disease for the development of spirometry reference data
Authors: Anke Hüls, Ursula Krämer, Antje Schuster, Monika Gappa, Matthias Wisbauer, Christine Müller-Brandes, Tamara Schikowski, Barbara Hoffmann, Andrea von Berg, Dietrich Berdel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

When establishing normative data for the development of spirometric reference equations, generally measurements have to fulfil internationally accepted criteria [1, 2] and should be derived from data taken from healthy subjects. In their recent publication Lum et al . [3] discussed how "healthy" children should be when selecting reference samples for spirometry. They investigated this in the context of a study designed to explore ethnic differences in the lung function of school children aged 5–11 years from London. They recommended including children with current respiratory tract infection, a history of prior asthma or minor pre-existing risk factors, such as prematurity and low birth weight in normative analysis. Children/adolescents with asthma or current respiratory tract infection should not be included in a reference population for spirometry <http://ow.ly/VBVe8> The authors would like to thank the children and their families for taking part in this study. The authors would also like to thank the following people for their technical assistance: Christina Beckmann, Julia Bienen, Cornelia Bisdorf, Irene Groß, Christina Müller, and Sandra Werth (Children's Hospital and Research Unit, Marien Hospital, Wesel, Germany); Heike Beermann and Marion Kliemt (Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Germany); Sabina Illi (University Childreńs Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany); Özgü Altin, Gisela Bartkowiak, Ursula Pfeiffer and Michaela Strempel (University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany).
Detection of tricuspid regurgitation with two-dimensional echocardiography and peripheral vein injections.
Authors: WLieppe, V SBehar, RScallion, J AKisslo
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Contrast echocardiography, utilizing a two-dimensional ultrasound system and peripheral venous injections, was used for the detection of tricuspid regurgitation in 30 patients. The appearance of contrast in the inferior vena cava and the back and forth movement of contrast across the tricuspid valve were considered evidence for tricuspid regurgitation. Echocardiographic findings were correlated with clinical and angiographic data. Patients were assigned on the basis of clinical data to one of three groups. Group I included five patients whose clinical findings were diagnostic for tricuspid regurgitation. Group II included patients (15) whose clinical findings were equivocal for tricuspid regurgitation and patients whose recognized primary problem is frequently associated with tricuspid regurgitation. Group III contained ten patients serving as controls. All group I patients had positive echocardiographic studies for tricuspid regurgitation, while all group III patients had negative studies, suggesting t...
Diagnosis and management of postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis.
Authors: JWheller, B LGeorge, D GMulder, J MJarmakani
Journal: Circulation (1979)

In this paper we discuss two infants and one child who experienced a previously unreported complication after complete correction of a large, unrestrictive ventricular septal defect. Two patients had documented pulmonary hypertensive crises and severe right-heart failure secondary to hypoxia and pulmonary vasoconstriction. These crises were associated with significantly increased right ventricular (RV) peak systolic and end-diastolic pressures and right-to-left shunting via a foramen ovale which, in turn, exaggerated the hypoxis. The crises were treated successfully with tolazoline in the second and third patients. RV pressure returned to normal values and have remained normal up to 12 months postoperatively in the second patient. Although the RV pressures decreased with tolazoline in the third patient, they never reached normal values. Postoperative monitoring of pulmonary artery and RV pressures in infants with large ventricular septal defects is essential when unexplained complications are encountered....
Alterations in cardiac gene expression during the transition from stable hypertrophy to heart failure. Marked upregulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix components.
Authors: M OBoluyt, LO'Neill, A LMeredith, O HBing, W WBrooks, C HConrad, M TCrow, E GLakatta
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The failing heart is characterized by impaired cardiac muscle function and increased interstitial fibrosis. Our purpose was to determine whether the functional impairment of the failing heart is associated with changes in levels of mRNA encoding proteins that modulate parameters of contraction and relaxation and whether the increased fibrosis observed in the failing heart is related to elevated expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix components. We studied hearts of 18- to 24-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats with signs and symptoms of heart failure (SHR-F) or without evidence of failure (SHR-NF) and of age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Compared with WKY rats, SHR-NF exhibited left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (2.2-fold) and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy (1.5-fold), whereas SHR-F were characterized by comparable LV hypertrophy (2.1-fold) and augmented RV hypertrophy (2.4-fold; all P < .01). Total RNA was isolated from ventricles and subjected to Northern blot analysi...
Voices: Insulin and beyond
Authors: Jesse Roth, Frances M. Ashcroft, Claes B. Wollheim, Timothy J. Kieffer, Alan D. Cherrington, Richard N. Bergman, Roy Taylor, Sonia M. Najjar, Oluf Pedersen, Helga Ellingsgaard, Jens Juul Holst, Michael A. Nauck, Takashi Kadowaki, Michael P. Czech, Silvia Corvera, Alan R. Saltiel, Barbara E. Corkey, Mark A. Atkinson
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2021)

Marking insulin's centennial, we share stories of researchers and clinicians whose seminal work has advanced our understanding of insulin, islet biology, insulin resistance, and diabetes. The past century of pursuing the "hormone of hormones" and advancing diabetes therapies is replete with stories of collaboration, perseverance, and triumph.
Abstract 278: A Randomized, Blinded Trial of 100% Oxygen vs. Room Air During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Large Animal Model of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Alexandra M Marquez, Ryan W Morgan, Michael Karlsson, Tiffany S Ko, William P Landis, Constantine D Mavroudis, Jonathan Starr, Yuxi Lin, Timothy Boorady, Mahima Devarajan, Vinay Nadkarni, Robert A Berg, Daniel J Licht, Robert M Sutton, Todd J Kilbaugh
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Guidelines recommend CPR with 100% oxygen, but its effect on the pediatric brain is unknown. Hyperoxia during CPR may lead to significant oxidative injury from mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that swine receiving 100% FiO2 during CPR would have similar survival outcomes and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, but would have cerebral hyperoxia and increased mtROS compared to those resuscitated with room air (21%). Methods: Four-week-old female piglets (n=25) underwent 7 minutes of asphyxia followed by randomization and blinding to CPR with 100% (n=10) or 21% FiO2 (n=10) during CPR through 10 minutes post-ROSC, at which point FiO2 was set to 21% in all animals. Sham n=5. Brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and invasive hemodynamics were continuously monitored. Survivors received 4 hours of post-ROSC care, whereupon cortex and hippocampus were obtained for mitochondrial analysis. ROS were measured simultaneously with mitochondrial respirometry measurements, utilizing high resolution respirometry with concomitant fluorometric analysis. Data are described as median [IQR]. Groups were compared using Fisher’s exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and a generalized estimating equation regression model. Results: The two oxygen strategy groups did not differ in 1) systemic, coronary, or pulmonary hemodynamics or 2) cerebral blood flow at baseline, during asphyxia, during CPR, or post-ROSC. Survival was the same in each group (8/10 vs 8/10, p=1.0). PbtO2 was higher with 100% than 21% during CPR (point estimate +54.9±26.7, p=0.04) and during the first ten minutes post-ROSC (point estimate +505±41.4, p&lt;0.001). There were no differences in maximal oxidative phosphorylation in either cerebral cortex or hippocampus between groups. In cortex, mtROS was higher with 100% compared to 21% during maximal oxidative phosphorylation (0.283 [0.275,0.290] vs 0.224 [0.205,0.239] H2O2 pmol/(s*ml), p&lt;0.03). Conclusions: Compared to 21% FiO2, provision of 100% FiO2 during CPR confers no difference in survival and is associated with cerebral hyperoxia and increased mtROS generation.
Alcohol consumption, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality in two Chicago epidemiologic studies.
Authors: A RDyer, JStamler, OPaul, D MBerkson, M HLepper, HMcKean, R BShekelle, H ALindberg, DGarside
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Multivariate analysis of the association at baseline between problem drinking and cardiovascular risk factors among 1,233 white male employees of the Chicago Peoples Gas Company age 40-59 showed the 38 problem drinkers with significantly higher blood pressures and cigarette consumption and significantly lower relative weights than the others. Similar analysis among 1,899 white male employees of the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company in Chicago age 40-55 showed the 117 men consuming 5 or more drinks per day with significantly higher blood pressures and cigarette use than the others. No significant differences were recorded between heavy drinkers and the others in serum cholesterol level. The gas company problem drinkers had significantly higher 15-year mortality rates from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, and sudden death. These differences could not be entirely explained by their blood pressure, smoking, and relative weight status. The Western Electric heavy drinke...
The hemodynamic derangement associated with right ventricular diastolic collapse in cardiac tamponade: an experimental echocardiographic study.
Authors: P PLeimgruber, H SKlopfenstein, L SWann, H LBrooks
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Clinical reports indicate that right ventricular diastolic collapse (RVDC) is associated with cardiac tamponade. To assess the hemodynamic abnormalities associated with RVDC, we studied six chronically instrumented conscious dogs (group A) with two-dimensional echocardiography during cardiac tamponade induced by continuous saline infusion into the pericardial space. We recorded cardiac output (electromagnetic flowmeter), heart rate, respiration, and aortic, intrapericardial, and right atrial pressures. In four additional animals (group B), we recorded right ventricular pressure and placed a hydraulic occluder around the pulmonary artery so that short-term reversible obstruction to right ventricular outflow could be produced. None of the dogs had RVDC when the pericardial space was empty, but all dogs showed RVDC during cardiac tamponade. The appearance of RVDC in group A was associated with a 21% reduction in cardiac output (p less than .01) and no change in mean aortic pressure. Short-term partial pulmon...