tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term effect of asthma on the development of obesity among adults: an international cohort study, ECRHS
Authors: Subhabrata Moitra, Anne-Elie Carsin, Michael J Abramson, Simone Accordini, Andre F S Amaral, Josep Anto, Roberto Bono, Lidia Casas Ruiz, Isa Cerveri, Leda Chatzi, Pascal Demoly, Sandra Dorado-Arenas, Bertil Forsberg, Frank Gilliland, Thorarinn Gislason, Jose A Gullón, Joachim Heinrich, Mathias Holm, Christer Janson, Rain Jogi, Francisco Gómez Real, Debbie Jarvis, Bénédicte Leynaert, Dennis Nowak, Nicole Probst-Hensch, José Luis Sánchez-Ramos, Chantal Raherison-Semjen, Valerie Siroux, Stefano Guerra, Manolis Kogevinas, Judith Garcia-Aymerich
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Obesity is a known risk factor for asthma. Although some evidence showed asthma causing obesity in children, the link between asthma and obesity has not been investigated in adults.We used data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), a cohort study in 11 European countries and Australia in 3 waves between 1990 and 2014, at intervals of approximately 10 years. We considered two study periods: from ECRHS I (t) to ECRHS II (t+1), and from ECRHS II (t) to ECRHS III (t+1). We excluded obese (body mass index≥30 kg/m2) individuals at visit t. The relative risk (RR) of obesity at t+1 associated with asthma at t was estimated by multivariable modified Poisson regression (lag) with repeated measurements. Additionally, we examined the association of atopy and asthma medication on the development of obesity.We included 7576 participants in the period ECRHS I-II (51.5% female, mean (SD) age of 34 (7) years) and 4976 in ECRHS II-III (51.3% female, 42 (8) years). 9% of participants became obese in ECRHS I-II and 15% in ECRHS II-III. The risk of developing obesity was higher among asthmatics than non-asthmatics (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.38), and particularly higher among non-atopic than atopic (1.47; 1.17 to 1.86 vs 1.04; 0.86 to 1.27), those with longer disease duration (1.32; 1.10 to 1.59 in >20 years vs 1.12; 0.87 to 1.43 in ≤20 years) and those on oral corticosteroids (1.99; 1.26 to 3.15 vs 1.15; 1.03 to 1.28). Physical activity was not a mediator of this association.This is the first study showing that adult asthmatics have a higher risk of developing obesity than non-asthmatics, particularly those non-atopic, of longer disease duration or on oral corticosteroids.
Instructive Cues of Thymic T Cell Selection
Authors: Magali Irla
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2022)

A high diversity of αβ T cell receptors (TCRs), capable of recognizing virtually any pathogen but also self-antigens, is generated during T cell development in the thymus. Nevertheless, a strict developmental program supports the selection of a self-tolerant T cell repertoire capable of responding to foreign antigens. The steps of T cell selection are controlled by cortical and medullary stromal niches, mainly composed of thymic epithelial cells and dendritic cells. The integration of important cues provided by these specialized niches, including ( a) the TCR signal strength induced by the recognition of self-peptide-MHC complexes, ( b) costimulatory signals, and ( c) cytokine signals, critically controls T cell repertoire selection. This review discusses our current understanding of the signals that coordinate positive selection, negative selection, and agonist selection of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. It also highlights recent advances that have unraveled the functional diversity of thymic antigen-presenting cell subsets implicated in T cell selection.
Errors in Table 1
Authors: Julie Reimann, Sean Moynihan, Thomas Horn, Dermatopathology Mgpo, Massachusetts Newton
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Deonna M. Ackermann, MPH; Mbathio Dieng, PhD; Ellie Medcalf, MPH; Marisa C. Jenkins, MScMed; Cathelijne H. van Kemenade, MPH; Monika Janda, PhD; Robin M. Turner, PhD; Anne E. Cust, PhD; Rachael L. Morton, PhD; Les Irwig, PhD; Pascale Guitera, PhD; H. Peter Soyer, MD; Victoria Mar, MD; Jolyn K. Hersch, PhD; Donald Low; Cynthia Low, MLitt; Robyn P. M. Saw, MS; Richard A. Scolyer, MD; Dorothy Drabarek, MIPH; David Espinoza, MBiostat; Anthony Azzi, MD; Alister M. Lilleyman, MD; Amelia K. Smit, PhD; Peter Murchie, PhD; John F. Thompson, MD; Katy J. L. Bell, PhD
“Occipital Pole” Sign on 18F-FDG PET for Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Posterior Cortical Atrophy
Authors: Maurizio Gallucci, Vittorio Fiore, Francesca Grassivaro, Chiara Da Ronch, Laura Bonanni
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

The 18 F-FDG PET images of dementia with Lewy bodies and posterior cortical atrophy, a visual-cognitive phenotype described in patients with Alzheimer disease, show occipital lobe hypometabolism with relative sparing of the primary visual cortex (PVC) generating the "occipital tunnel" sign proposed by Sawyer and Kuo in 2017, which is viewable on the medial sagittal projection. We believe that the saving of PVC compared with the lateral occipital cortex can be better appreciated by capturing the posterior projection of the PVC in a 3D stereotactic surface projection map, and we propose the name of "occipital pole" sign for this evidence.
Physiologic vs Chronologic Age for Distal Radius Fracture Treatment
Authors: Kevin C. Chung
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Functional Hallmarks of Healthy Macrophage Responses: Their Regulatory Basis and Disease Relevance
Authors: Katherine M. Sheu, Alexander Hoffmann
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2022)

Macrophages are first responders for the immune system. In this role, they have both effector functions for neutralizing pathogens and sentinel functions for alerting other immune cells of diverse pathologic threats, thereby initiating and coordinating a multipronged immune response. Macrophages are distributed throughout the body—they circulate in the blood, line the mucosal membranes, reside within organs, and survey the connective tissue. Several reviews have summarized their diverse roles in different physiological scenarios and in the initiation or amplification of different pathologies. In this review, we propose that both the effector and the sentinel functions of healthy macrophages rely on three hallmark properties: response specificity, context dependence, and stimulus memory. When these hallmark properties are diminished, the macrophage's biological functions are impaired, which in turn results in increased risk for immune dysregulation, manifested by immune deficiency or autoimmunity. We review the evidence and the molecular mechanisms supporting these functional hallmarks.
Communication between the gut microbiota and peripheral nervous system in health and chronic disease
Authors: Tyler M. Cook, Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Trillions of bacteria reside within our gastrointestinal tract, ideally forming a mutually beneficial relationship between us. However, persistent changes in diet and lifestyle in the western diet and lifestyle contribute to a damaging of the gut microbiota-host symbiosis leading to diseases such as obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Many symptoms and comorbidities associated with these diseases stem from dysfunctional signaling in peripheral neurons. Our peripheral nervous system (PNS) is comprised of a variety of sensory, autonomic, and enteric neurons which coordinate key homeostatic functions such as gastrointestinal motility, digestion, immunity, feeding behavior, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and more. The composition and signaling of bacteria in our gut dramatically influences how our peripheral neurons regulate these functions, and we are just beginning to uncover the molecular mechanisms mediating this communication. In this review, we cover the general anatomy and function of the PNS, and then we discuss how the molecules secreted or stimulated by gut microbes signal through the PNS to alter host development and physiology. Finally, we discuss how leveraging the power of our gut microbes on peripheral nervous system signaling may offer effective therapies to counteract the rise in chronic diseases crippling the western world.
Nasal High-Flow Therapy during Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Kate A. Hodgson, Louise S. Owen, C. Omar F. Kamlin, Calum T. Roberts, Sophie E. Newman, Kate L. Francis, Susan M. Donath, Peter G. Davis, Brett J. Manley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Neonatal endotracheal intubation often involves more than one attempt, and oxygen desaturation is common. It is unclear whether nasal high-flow therapy, which extends the time to desaturation during elective intubation in children and adults receiving general anesthesia, can improve the likelihood of successful neonatal intubation on the first attempt.
Cortical Thickness Abnormalities at Different Stages of the Illness Course in Schizophrenia
Authors: Youjin Zhao, Qian Zhang, Chandan Shah, Qian Li, John A. Sweeney, Fei Li, Qiyong Gong
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Questions of whether and how cortical thickness (CTh) alterations differ over the course of schizophrenia (SCZ) have yet to be resolved.
Targeted Delivery of DNA Topoisomerase Inhibitor SN38 to Intracranial Tumors of Glioblastoma Using Sub‐5 Ultrafine Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Yuancheng Li, Manman Xie, Joshua B. Jones, Zhaobin Zhang, Zi Wang, Tu Dang, Xinyu Wang, Malgorzata Lipowska, Hui Mao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Effectively delivering therapeutics for treating brain tumors is hindered by the physical and biological barriers in the brain. Even with the compromised blood-brain barrier and highly angiogenic blood-tumor barrier seen in glioblastoma (GBM), most drugs, including nanomaterial-based formulations, hardly reach intracranial tumors. This work investigates sub-5 nm ultrafine iron oxide nanoparticles (uIONP) with 3.5 nm core diameter as a carrier for delivering DNA topoisomerase inhibitor 7-ethyl-10-hydroxyl camptothecin (SN38) to treat GBM. Given a higher surface-to-volume ratio, uIONP shows one- or three-folds higher SN38 loading efficiency (48.3 ± 6.1%, mg/mg Fe) than those with core sizes of 10 or 20 nm. SN38 encapsulated in the coating polymer exhibits pH sensitive release with <10% over 48 h at pH 7.4, but 86% at pH 5, thus being protected from converting to inactive glucuronide by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. Conjugating αv β3 -integrin-targeted cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Cys) (RGD) as ligands, RGD-uIONP/SN38 demonstrates targeted cytotoxicity to αv β3 -integrin-overexpressed U87MG GBM cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 30.9 ± 2.2 nm. The efficacy study using an orthotopic mouse model of GBM reveals tumor-specific delivery of 11.5% injected RGD-uIONP/SN38 (10 mg Fe kg-1 ), significantly prolonging the survival in mice by 41%, comparing to those treated with SN38 alone (p < 0.001).
Reply
Authors: Nupur Sharma, Manisha Yadav, Gaurav Tripathi, Babu Mathew, Vasundhra Bindal, Sanyam Falari, Viniyendra Pamecha, Jaswinder Singh Maras
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

- Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nanostructured polyvinylpyrrolidone-curcumin conjugates allowed for kidney-targeted treatment of cisplatin induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Hao Wei, Dawei Jiang, Bo Yu, Dalong Ni, Mengting Li, Yin Long, Paul A. Ellison, Cerise M. Siamof, Liang Cheng, Todd E. Barnhart, Hyung-Jun Im, Faquan Yu, Xiaoli Lan, Xiaohua Zhu, Qianjun He, Weibo Cai
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) leads to unacceptably high mortality due to difficulties in timely intervention and less efficient renal delivery of therapeutic drugs. Here, a series of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-curcumin nanoparticles (PCurNP) are designed to meet the renal excretion threshold (∼45 kDa), presenting a controllable delivery nanosystem for kidney targeting. Renal accumulation of the relatively small nanoparticles, 89Zr-PCurNP M10 with the diameter between 5 and 8 nm, is found to be 1.7 times and 1.8 times higher than the accumulation of 89Zr-PCurNP M29 (20-50 nm) and M40 (20-50 nm) as revealed by PET imaging. Furthermore, serum creatinine analysis, kidney tissues histology, and tubular injury scores revealed that PCurNP M10 efficiently treated cisplatin-induced AKI. Herein, PCurNP offers a novel and simple strategy for precise PET image-guided drug delivery of renal protective materials.
Longer dupilumab dosing intervals in adult patients with atopic dermatitis: experience from a French multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fatma Jendoubi, Jason Shourik, Julien Seneschal, Francoise Giordano-Labadie, Nadia Raison-Peyron, Aurélie Du-Thanh, Florence Tetart, Aude Valois, Catherine Droitcourt, Aude Clément, Audrey Nosbaum, Marie Noelle Crepy, Marie Jachiet, Jean David Bouaziz, Claire Bernier, Angéle Soria, Carle Paul, Sebastien Barbarot, Marie Tauber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

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Could angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers/angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor be used in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation and low blood pressure? Letter regarding the article ‘Patient profiling in heart failure for tailoring medical therapy. A consensus document of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology’
Authors: Cheng Xie
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2022)
IRBs and the Protection-Inclusion Dilemma: Finding a Balance
Authors: Phoebe Friesen, Luke Gelinas, Aaron Kirby, David H. Strauss, Barbara E. Bierer
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

Institutional review boards, tasked with facilitating ethical research, are often pulled in competing directions. In what we call the protection-inclusion dilemma, we acknowledge the tensions IRBs face in aiming to both protect potential research participants from harm and include under-represented populations in research. In this manuscript, we examine the history of protectionism that has dominated research ethics oversight in the United States, as well as two responses to such protectionism: inclusion initiatives and critiques of the term vulnerability. We look at what we know about IRB decision-making in relation to protecting and including "vulnerable" groups in research and examine the lack of regulatory guidance related to this dilemma, which encourages protection over inclusion within IRB practice. Finally, we offer recommendations related to how IRBs might strike a better balance between inclusion and protection in research ethics oversight.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts in breast cancer: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Dengdi Hu, Zhaoqing Li, Bin Zheng, Xixi Lin, Yuehong Pan, Peirong Gong, Wenying Zhuo, Yujie Hu, Cong Chen, Lini Chen, Jichun Zhou, Linbo Wang
Journal: Cancer Communications (2022)

Abstract The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant components of the tumor microenvironment. Studies have revealed that CAFs in breast cancer originate from several types of cells and promote breast cancer malignancy by secreting factors, generating exosomes, releasing nutrients, reshaping the extracellular matrix, and suppressing the function of immune cells. CAFs are also becoming therapeutic targets for breast cancer due to their specific distribution in tumors and their unique biomarkers. Agents interrupting the effect of CAFs on surrounding cells have been developed and applied in clinical trials. Here, we reviewed studies examining the heterogeneity of CAFs in breast cancer and expression patterns of CAF markers in different subtypes of breast cancer. We hope that summarizing CAF‐related studies from a historical perspective will help to accelerate the development of CAF‐targeted therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
Tissue Immunity in the Bladder
Authors: Georgina S. Bowyer, Kevin W. Loudon, Ondrej Suchanek, Menna R. Clatworthy
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2022)

The bladder is a major component of the urinary tract, an organ system that expels metabolic waste and excess water, which necessitates proximity to the external environment and its pathogens. It also houses a commensal microbiome. Therefore, its tissue immunity must resist pathogen invasion while maintaining tolerance to commensals. Bacterial infection of the bladder is common, with half of women globally experiencing one or more episodes of cystitis in their lifetime. Despite this, our knowledge of bladder immunity, particularly in humans, is incomplete. Here we consider the current view of tissue immunity in the bladder, with a focus on defense against infection. The urothelium has robust immune functionality, and its defensive capabilities are supported by resident immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and γδ T cells. We discuss each in turn and consider why adaptive immune responses are often ineffective in preventing recurrent infection, as well as areas of priority for future research.
Activation of innate-adaptive immune machinery by poly(I:C) exposes a therapeutic vulnerability to prevent relapse in stroma-rich colon cancer
Authors: Shania M Corry, Amy MB McCorry, Tamsin RM Lannagan, Niamh A Leonard, Natalie C Fisher, Ryan M Byrne, Petros Tsantoulis, Xabier Cortes-Lavaud, Raheleh Amirkhah, Keara L Redmond, Aoife J McCooey, Sudhir B Malla, Emily Rogan, Svetlana Sakhnevych, Michael A Gillespie, Mark White, Susan D Richman, Rene-Filip Jackstadt, Andrew D Campbell, Sarah Maguire, Simon S McDade, Daniel B Longley, Maurice B Loughrey, Helen G Coleman, Emma M Kerr, Sabine Tejpar, Timothy Maughan, Simon J Leedham, Donna M Small, Aideen E Ryan, Owen J Sansom, Mark Lawler, Philip D Dunne
Journal: Gut (2022)

Objective Stroma-rich tumours represent a poor prognostic subtype in stage II/III colon cancer (CC), with high relapse rates and limited response to standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Design To address the lack of efficacious therapeutic options for patients with stroma-rich CC, we stratified our human tumour cohorts according to stromal content, enabling identification of the biology underpinning relapse and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities specifically within stroma-rich tumours that could be exploited clinically. Following human tumour-based discovery and independent clinical validation, we use a series of in vitro and stroma-rich in vivo models to test and validate the therapeutic potential of elevating the biology associated with reduced relapse in human tumours. Results By performing our analyses specifically within the stroma-rich/high-fibroblast (HiFi) subtype of CC, we identify and validate the clinical value of a HiFi-specific prognostic signature (HPS), which stratifies tumours based on STAT1-related signalling (High-HPS v Low-HPS=HR 0.093, CI 0.019 to 0.466). Using in silico, in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrate that the HPS is associated with antigen processing and presentation within discrete immune lineages in stroma-rich CC, downstream of double-stranded RNA and viral response signalling. Treatment with the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) elevated the HPS signalling and antigen processing phenotype across in vitro and in vivo models. In an in vivo model of stroma-rich CC, poly(I:C) treatment significantly increased systemic cytotoxic T cell activity (p&lt;0.05) and reduced liver metastases (p&lt;0.0002). Conclusion This study reveals new biological insight that offers a novel therapeutic option to reduce relapse rates in patients with the worst prognosis CC.
Nanofat functionalized injectable super-lubricating microfluidic microspheres for treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Zeyu Han, Lang Bai, Jing Zhou, Yinhua Qian, Yunkai Tang, Qibin Han, Xiaoyu Zhang, Mingzhu Zhang, Xing Yang, Wenguo Cui, Yuefeng Hao
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Effects of long-term antiretroviral therapy in reproductive-age women in sub-Saharan Africa (the PEPFAR PROMOTE study): a multi-country observational cohort study
Authors: Taha E Taha, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Sean S Brummel, Lynda Stranix-Chibanda, Lillian Wambuzi Ogwang, Sufia Dadabhai, Lameck Chinula, Mandisa M Nyati, Sherika Hanley, Bonus Makanani, Tsungai Chipato, Patience Atuhaire, Jim Aizire, Mary Glenn Fowler
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2022)
DeepRepeat: direct quantification of short tandem repeats on signal data from nanopore sequencing
Authors: Li Fang, Qian Liu, Alex Mas Monteys, Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre, Beverly L. Davidson, Kai Wang
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Abstract Despite recent improvements in basecalling accuracy, nanopore sequencing still has higher error rates on short-tandem repeats (STRs). Instead of using basecalled reads, we developed DeepRepeat which converts ionic current signals into red-green-blue channels, thus transforming the repeat detection problem into an image recognition problem. DeepRepeat identifies and accurately quantifies telomeric repeats in the CHM13 cell line and achieves higher accuracy in quantifying repeats in long STRs than competing methods. We also evaluate DeepRepeat on genome-wide or candidate region datasets from seven different sources. In summary, DeepRepeat enables accurate quantification of long STRs and complements existing methods relying on basecalled reads.
A comparative study on perioperative outcomes between robotic versus laparoscopic D2 total gastrectomy
Authors: Zhenshun Li, Feng Qian, Yongliang Zhao, Jun Chen, Fan Zhang, Zhengyan Li, Xiaosong Wang, Pingang Li, Jiajia Liu, Yan Wen, Qing Feng, Yan Shi, Peiwu Yu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Concerns Over Thyroid Cancer Surgeries and Quality of Life—Reply
Authors: Wanna Chen, Jie Li, Weiming Lv
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal