tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Author Correction: Platelet GPIbα is a mediator and potential interventional target for NASH and subsequent liver cancer
Authors: Mohsen Malehmir, Dominik Pfister, Suchira Gallage, Marta Szydlowska, Donato Inverso, Elena Kotsiliti, Valentina Leone, Moritz Peiseler, Bas G. J. Surewaard, Dominik Rath, Adnan Ali, Monika Julia Wolf, Hannah Drescher, Marc E. Healy, Daniel Dauch, Daniela Kroy, Oliver Krenkel, Marlene Kohlhepp, Thomas Engleitner, Alexander Olkus, Tjeerd Sijmonsma, Julia Volz, Carsten Deppermann, David Stegner, Patrick Helbling, César Nombela-Arrieta, Anahita Rafiei, Martina Hinterleitner, Marcel Rall, Florian Baku, Oliver Borst, Caroline L. Wilson, Jack Leslie, Tracy O’Connor, Christopher J. Weston, Abhishek Chauhan, David H. Adams, Lozan Sheriff, Ana Teijeiro, Marco Prinz, Ruzhica Bogeska, Natasha Anstee, Malte N. Bongers, Mike Notohamiprodjo, Tobias Geisler, Dominic J. Withers, Jerry Ware, Derek A. Mann, Hellmut G. Augustin, Alexandros Vegiopoulos, Michael D. Milsom, Adam J. Rose, Patricia F. Lalor, Josep M. Llovet, Roser Pinyol, Frank Tacke, Roland Rad, Matthias Matter, Nabil Djouder, Paul Kubes, Percy A. Knolle, Kristian Unger, Lars Zender, Bernhard Nieswandt, Meinrad Gawaz, Achim Weber, Mathias Heikenwalder
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Staffing in the medical laboratory service.
Authors: D Crombie
Journal: BMJ (1977)

spectively on data recorded in a prospective mode in the first instance, before the suspected relationship between the morbidity and the drug had been identified at all.The rest of the patients of the recording practices who are not suffering from the morbidity act as a source for suitable controls.The total morbidity for all patients is available as a standardised base- line.This method for retrospective control studies avoids the need for costly exercises in linking records with prescribing data from other sources.The Birmingham Research Unit of the Royal College of General Practitioners is at present organising a programme for testing certain suspected morbid associations with commonly used drugs, but the system could be available for wider use as a component in any integrated programme for hypothesis testing of this kind.
Instructions to Authors
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

It should be structured into the subsections 'Objective', 'Methods', 'Results' and 'Conclusion(s)'.Give the name of the animal species, if applicable, in the subsection 'Methods'.(3) Keywords.These will be published with your article.During online submission, they are typed into a window.A maximum of 5 keywords is required for publication of the
Optimal dose and type of exercise to improve cognitive function in older adults: A systematic review and bayesian model-based network meta-analysis of RCTs
Authors: Daniel Gallardo-Gómez, Jesús del Pozo-Cruz, Michael Noetel, Francisco Álvarez-Barbosa, Rosa María Alfonso-Rosa, Borja del Pozo Cruz
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2022)

To examine the dose-response relationship between overall and specific types of exercise with cognitive function in older adults. Systematic Review and Bayesian Model-Based Network Meta-Analysis. Systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus. Randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions in participants aged 50 years or over, and that reported on at least one global cognition outcome. The search returned 1998 records, of which 44 studies (4793 participants; 102 different effect sizes) were included in this review with meta-analysis. There was a non-linear, dose-response association between overall exercise and cognition. We found no minimal threshold for the beneficial effect of exercise on cognition. The estimated minimal exercise dose associated with clinically relevant changes in cognition was 724 METs-min per week, and doses beyond 1200 METs-min per week provided less clear benefits. We also found that the dose-response association was exercise type dependent, and our results show that clinically important effects may occur at lower doses for many types of exercise. Our findings also highlighted the superior effects of resistance exercises over other modalities. If provided with the most potent modalities, older adults can get clinical meaningful benefits with lower doses than the WHO guidelines. Findings support the WHO recommendations to emphasise resistance training as a critical component of interventions for older adults.
BERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dyspareunia.
Authors: W T Fullerton
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Dyspareunia means sexual intercourse which is painful or dif- ficult and includes vaginismus, a condition where the lower vagina is constricted by involuntary muscle spasm. The ComplaintT hough many women attend for consultation with a clear his- tory of dyspareunia, for a variety of reasons some will be deterred from seeking medical advice or will change the complaint.For example, a woman may meet a friend in the waiting room, be perturbed by the murmur of conversation from the doctor's office, or be put off by finding a less well- known, or younger, doctor consulting; she may then produce a quite mi3leading but more acceptable and less embarrassing complaint, such as dysmenorrhoea or menorrhagia.Indeed, she may be quite decided from the outset that nothing would induce her to refer to her true complaint and still be hopeful that her doctor will elicit the symptom.Close questioning and leading questions are therefore necessary.At the other end of the scale is the woman who finds the sexual attentions of her husband distasteful and who takes ref- uge in the complaint of pain.Though some degree of pain or discomfort may be quite real, there is the implication that this is not the normal discomfort of a woman not lubricated by sexual arousal but some more precise pathological condition.Her husband, too, may have driven her to the doctor out of concern or frustration.
Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab Takes on TNBC
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2019)

Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy may be an effective neoadjuvant treatment for triple-negative breast cancer. In the phase III KEYNOTE-522 trial, patients treated with the PD-1 inhibitor in combination with chemotherapy prior to surgery were more likely to have a pathologic complete response than patients who received chemotherapy alone, regardless of PD-L1 levels.
HAEMORRHOIDS
Authors: C. N. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1939)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Nano-based delivery systems have greatly enhanced our ability to administer and target drugs and macromolecules to their therapeutic targets. Because of chemically modifying them and their functional effects on cells, oligonucleotide drugs have great therapeutic potential. Oligonucleotide drugs have off-target effects and stability issues, so they can be encapsulated functionalized vesicles with targeting ligands such as antibodies (Ab). Herein, we describe a novel, scalable and straightforward approach to produce functionalized vesicles, which we call the “Functionalized Lipid Insertion Method.” This method differs significantly from an older approach for producing functionalized vesicles referred to as the “Detergent-Dialysis Method.” The older method requires excess detergent and extensive dialysis over many hours to produce the functionalized vesicles. With the “Functionalized Lipid Insertion Method,” only the functionalized lipid is detergent-solubilized during the formation of the functionalized vesicle. The approach reduces the dialysis time, keeps the vesicle intact, and orients the functionalized lipid to improve targeting compared to the older method. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique demonstrates that vesicle size is sensitive to the initial solubilized component mixture by the older method. In contrast, functionalized vesicle size increases in size are consistent with functionalized lipid insertion into the vesicle. <i>In vitro</i>, functionalized vesicles using our approach are able to deliver oligonucleotides selectively and can functionally affect liver cancer HepG2 cells. Functionalized vesicles produced by this method can also achieve targeted delivery of oligonucleotides in mice without inducing a significant immune response through cytokine production or showing physical signs of an immune response. The industrial and therapeutic significance and implications of functionalized vesicles produced by our method are also discussed.
A study of physicians' handwriting as a time waster
Journal: JAMA (1979)

WRITTEN communication is the legal basis for the hospital practice of medicine. Two major methods of communication are (1) telephone orders that require written confirmation and (2) written orders and progress notes. The legal requirements for written orders and progress notes are that they be legible and that there be a printed signature if the written signature is not legible. These are the documents of medical care. In the present day 250- to 500-bed setting, there are many persons who may legally write on the patient's order sheet and also in the patient's record. Therefore, a complete study would include physicians, nurses, pharmacists, nurse specialists, interns, residents, and medical students. What effect does the clarity of handwriting have on the effectiveness of communications within the hospital community? The purpose of this study is to indicate that physicians' handwriting causes a considerable waste of hospital employees' time. <h3>Scope and Method of</h3>
PSMAddition: A phase 3 trial to compare treatment with <sup>177</sup>Lu-PSMA-617 plus standard of care (SOC) versus SOC alone in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
Authors: A. Oliver Sartor, Scott T. Tagawa, Fred Saad, Johann S. De Bono, Felix Y Feng, Karim Fizazi, Olga V. Sakharova, Michael J. Morris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS210 Background: [ 177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 ( 177 Lu-PSMA-617) is a high-affinity prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy that delivers β-particle radiation to PSMA-expressing cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI) may alter PSMA expression and radiosensitivity. PSMAddition will assess the efficacy and safety of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 plus standard of care (SOC) versus SOC alone in adults with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Methods: PSMAddition ( NCT04720157 ) is an international, prospective, open-label, randomized, phase 3 trial in adults with mHSPC. Eligible patients are treatment-naïve or minimally treated candidates for hormonal therapy, with PSMA-positive disease (determined by [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2 and adequate major organ function. Patients are excluded if they have rapidly progressing tumors that require chemotherapy. Approximately 1126 patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive 177 Lu-PSMA-617 (7.4 GBq i.v. every 6 weeks, ≤6 cycles) plus SOC or SOC alone (control arm). SOC is ARPI and androgen deprivation therapy. Stratification factors are tumor volume (high/low), age (≥70/ &lt; 70 years) and previous/planned prostatectomy or radiation treatment of the primary prostate tumor (yes/no). The primary endpoint is radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), as assessed by blinded independent centralized review. Upon centrally confirmed radiographic progression, participants in the control arm can cross over to the 177 Lu-PSMA-617 arm. The planned sample size provides 95% power to detect a hazard ratio of 0.7 for rPFS after 418 events with an overall one-sided significance level of 0.025. The key secondary endpoint is overall survival. Other secondary endpoints are the proportion of patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline of ≥90% from baseline, time to development of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, composite progression-free survival (radiographic, clinical or PSA progression), safety and tolerability, and health-related quality of life. Previously presented at the 2021 European Society for Medical Oncology Congress, FPN 3035, Tagawa S et al. Reused with permission. Clinical trial information: NCT04720157.
EANO–ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with brain metastasis from solid tumours
Authors: E. Le Rhun, M. Guckenberger, M. Smits, R. Dummer, T. Bachelot, F. Sahm, N. Galldiks, E. de Azambuja, A.S. Berghoff, P. Metellus, S. Peters, Y.-K. Hong, F. Winkler, D. Schadendorf, M. van den Bent, J. Seoane, R. Stahel, G. Minniti, P. Wesseling, M. Weller, M. Preusser
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Bulimia nervosa.
Authors: C G Fairburn
Journal: BMJ (1990)

how doctors and families will use the information and how best to present it.The first indications are that in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 there will be little demand for .antenataldiagnosis because of the low morbidity of the condition and the availability ofbiochemical screening leading to effective surgical treatment.Children predicted to carry the gene will probably be selected for earlier and more careful biochemical screening.What is not clear is how accurate the test must be before the clinician and the family are happy for biochemical screening to be discontinued if the prediction is negative.
viralFlye: assembling viruses and identifying their hosts from long-read metagenomics data
Authors: Dmitry Antipov, Mikhail Rayko, Mikhail Kolmogorov, Pavel A. Pevzner
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Abstract Although the use of long-read sequencing improves the contiguity of assembled viral genomes compared to short-read methods, assembling complex viral communities remains an open problem. We describe the viralFlye tool for identification and analysis of metagenome-assembled viruses in long-read assemblies. We show it significantly improves viral assemblies and demonstrate that long-reads result in a much larger array of predicted virus-host associations as compared to short-read assemblies. We demonstrate that the identification of novel CRISPR arrays in bacterial genomes from a newly assembled metagenomic sample provides information for predicting novel hosts for novel viruses.
Abstract 17311: Gut Microbiota Derived Metabolites Impact Lymphatic Inflammatory Mechanisms
Authors: Catalina Lopez-Gelston, Sahar Eshghjoo, Cassidy Weeks, Sabrina DeLeonibus, Arul Jayaraman, Robert C Alaniz, Sanjukta Chakraborty
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Diet induced changes in gut microbial composition and dysregulated immune responses are key players in the progression of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and obesity.The lymphatics that are directly exposed to the gut microbiota in the mesenteric bed are central players in inflammatory and immune responses and are impaired during MetSyn. However, the mechanisms remain unknown.Endogenous tryptophan derived gut microbiota metabolites such as indole, significantly limits inflammation and immune response. We hypothesize that microbiota influence the lymphatic mesenteric microenvironment via such discrete metabolites to impact metabolic disease. We evaluated the effects of indole, tryptamine and indole-3-acetate (I-3A) on inflammatory mechanisms in vitro and in vivo using cultured models of lymphatic endothelium (HDLECs) and rat models of high fructose diet induced MetSyn and LPS induced acute inflammation. HDLECs were treated with varying doses of indole, tryptamine and I-3A (100uM-500uM) in presence or absence of LPS (20ng/ml) and its effects on inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Rats were injected with LPS (10mg/kg, 24hrs) with or without indole (20mg/kg) to assess for inflammation. Further, rats were also subjected to a 7-week high fructose (60%) diet regimen and gavaged with indole for 4 weeks prior to completion of the diet regimen and metabolic parameters were measured. Our results show that indole decreases levels of inflammatory cytokines as cfos, cjun, IL1β, MCP1, JAK1, SOCS3 and SOCS1 induced by LPS in the HDLECs and in the mesenteric arcades and lymph nodes. Similar effects are also observed with tryptamine and I-3A. Flow cytometric analysis of tissues show that indole significantly suppresses the population of inflammatory MHCII + /cd45 + cd11b + cells (p&lt;0.02) and augments Foxp3+/cd4+ cells (p&lt;0.003) in the mesenteric arcades, lymph nodes and spleen that are induced in LPS treated animals. In MetSyn animals, indole reduces levels of glucose, triglyceride and epididymal fat content that is also associated with concomitant decrease in expression of inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, we show that indole and other tryptophan metabolites limit lymphatic inflammatory pathways and also decreases metabolic parameters associated with MetSyn and thus can be a viable therapeutic intervention for metabolic disease.
Disseminated Sclerosis
Authors: D. K. Adams
Journal: BMJ (1947)

SIR,-Sir Herbert Eason's helpful expcsiLion on the functions of the General Medical Council (Sept.6, p. 359) provides much food for reflection on a topical subject-medical education.To enable persons requiring medical aid to distinguish qualified from unqualified practitioners is the duty of the G.M.C.Does it not1fail, virtually, in this primary object by leaving the British public at the mercy of rampant quackery in the form of ubiquitous and alluring advertisements of articles alleged to provide health or cures of disease ?Furthermore, the public (and G.P.s) also lack any sure guide to enable them to distinguish the genuine and spurious specialist within the profession.The definition of a "specialist" is long overdue.Professional efficiency and the public weal will be served by restricting the title to one with a guaranteed minimum special ability in his section of healing.0The Education of the General Practitioner.-Underthis heading the President alludes to three principles which prevent the Council, he says, following the lead of the Goodenough report.The interpretation of these principles seems open to question." The Council must deal with things as they are "-i.e., a C3 nation.Granted
Unlocking human potential with universal eye health
Authors: None The Lancet Global Health
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

Eye health is not a topic one sees often in global health journals or indeed general medical journals more broadly. A brief literature search of the last 10 years, using terms for the major causes of vision loss globally (refractive error, cataract, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration), reveals that nine of the top 10 destination journals for such research were specialist ophthalmology titles. Yet when we published Rupert Bourne and colleagues' "Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990–2010" in our first year of circulation, it quickly became (and remains) one of our most cited.
Severity of Hospitalizations From SARS-CoV-2 vs Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children Aged 5 to 11 Years in 11 US States
Authors: William Encinosa, Jessica Figueroa, Youssef Elias
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

This cross-sectional study investigates the severity of hospitalizations from SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with that of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in children aged 5 to 11 years in 11 US states.
Association of Beneficiary-Level Risk Factors and Hospital-Level Characteristics With Medicare Part B Drug Spending Differences Between 340B and Non-340B Hospitals
Authors: Yufei Li, Susan Xu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Critics of the federal 340B Drug Pricing Program raised concerns that the program might provide financial incentives for participating hospitals to prescribe more and/or more expensive drugs because the revenue generated from Medicare reimbursement exceeds the purchase price by a substantial margin. Studies showing higher Medicare Part B drug spending at hospitals that are 340B hospitals, which can purchase outpatient drugs from manufacturers at discounted prices, compared with non-340B hospitals were used by the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services to justify their 340B payment policy that reduced Medicare payments for drugs in the 340B program in 2018 and thereafter. The Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services attributed higher spending to the 340B benefit and believed that payment cuts would reduce the financial incentives associated with higher spending. However, the lack of sufficient risk adjustments is a significant concern of study validity. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine whether per-beneficiary Medicare Part B drug spending is significantly different between 340B and non-340B hospitals while adequately controlling for patient-level and hospital-level risk factors. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2020, to May 30, 2021, using 2017 administrative claims data from a random 5% sample of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries. Included beneficiaries had at least 1 separately payable non–pass-through drug claim in 2017, were fully enrolled in Part A and Part B through 2017, and did not die in 2017. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The outcome was separately payable Part B drug spending. <h3>Results</h3> The sample included 35 364 beneficiaries (21 825 women [61.7%]; 29 996 White patients [84.8%]; mean [SD] age, 70.6 [12.0] years) and 2446 hospitals. A total of 918 hospitals (37.5%) were in the 340B program and 938 hospitals (38.3%) were teaching hospitals. There was a higher percentage of teaching hospitals among 340B hospitals (517 of 918 [56.3%]) than non-340B hospitals (421 of 1528 [27.6%]), and beneficiaries who went to 340B hospitals were more likely to be non-White than those who went to non-340B hospitals (3360 of 19 139 [17.6%] vs 1583 of 13 710 [11.5%]). The Part B drug spending difference between 340B and non-340B hospitals was not statistically significant after controlling for beneficiary-level risk factors and hospital-level characteristics ($568; 95% CI, −$283 to $1419;<i>P</i> = .19). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The results show that the differences in patient population and hospital-level characteristics may explain drug spending differences between 340B and non-340B hospitals, which raises doubt about the financial incentive theory of the 340B program drug discount and the justification for the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services's 340B payment policy.