tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Authors: Fiona C Bull, Salih S Al-Ansari, Stuart Biddle, Katja Borodulin, Matthew P Buman, Greet Cardon, Catherine Carty, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Sebastien Chastin, Roger Chou, Paddy C Dempsey, Loretta DiPietro, Ulf Ekelund, Joseph Firth, Christine M Friedenreich, Leandro Garcia, Muthoni Gichu, Russell Jago, Peter T Katzmarzyk, Estelle Lambert, Michael Leitzmann, Karen Milton, Francisco B Ortega, Chathuranga Ranasinghe, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Anne Tiedemann, Richard P Troiano, Hidde P van der Ploeg, Vicky Wari, Juana F Willumsen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Objectives To describe new WHO 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Methods The guidelines were developed in accordance with WHO protocols. An expert Guideline Development Group reviewed evidence to assess associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviour for an agreed set of health outcomes and population groups. The assessment used and systematically updated recent relevant systematic reviews; new primary reviews addressed additional health outcomes or subpopulations. Results The new guidelines address children, adolescents, adults, older adults and include new specific recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. All adults should undertake 150–300 min of moderate-intensity, or 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or some equivalent combination of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, per week. Among children and adolescents, an average of 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity across the week provides health benefits. The guidelines recommend regular muscle-strengthening activity for all age groups. Additionally, reducing sedentary behaviours is recommended across all age groups and abilities, although evidence was insufficient to quantify a sedentary behaviour threshold. Conclusion These 2020 WHO guidelines update previous WHO recommendations released in 2010. They reaffirm messages that some physical activity is better than none, that more physical activity is better for optimal health outcomes and provide a new recommendation on reducing sedentary behaviours. These guidelines highlight the importance of regularly undertaking both aerobic and muscle strengthening activities and for the first time, there are specific recommendations for specific populations including for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. These guidelines should be used to inform national health policies aligned with the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 and to strengthen surveillance systems that track progress towards national and global targets.
Eculizumab discontinuation in children and adults with atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome: a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Fadi Fakhouri, Marc Fila, Aurélie Hummel, David Ribes, Anne-Laure Sellier-Leclerc, Simon Ville, Claire Pouteil-Noble, Jean-Philippe Coindre, Moglie Le Quintrec, Eric Rondeau, Olivia Boyer, François Provôt, Djamal Djeddi, William Hanf, Yahsou Delmas, Ferielle Louillet, Annie Lahoche, Guillaume Favre, Valérie Châtelet, Emma Allain Launay, Claire Presne, Ariane Zaloszyc, Sophie Caillard, Stéphane Bally, Quentin Raimbourg, Leïla Tricot, Christiane Mousson, Aurélie Le Thuaut, Chantal Loirat, Véronique Frémeaux-Bacchi
Journal: Blood (2020)
Deciphering the ins and outs of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells
Authors: André Perez-Potti, Joshua Lange, Marcus Buggert
Journal: Nature Immunology (2020)

Comprehensive analysis of specific and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 epitopes reveals functional T cell responses against specific viral regions in essentially all convalescent individuals and a majority of unexposed donors, demonstrating that cross-reactive responses to COVID-19 are widespread.
18257 Secukinumab demonstrates sustained effectiveness and safety in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: 30-month follow-up data from the PURE registry
Authors: Kim Papp, Melinda Gooderham, Richard Haydey, Maryam Shayesteh Alam, Danielle Brassard, Isabelle Delorme, Wei-Jing Loo, Jaggi Rao, Norman Wasel, Antonio Vieira, Lenka Rihakova
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry.
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of Joint Replacement in Hemophilia a with Inhibitors during Emicizumab Prophylaxis
Authors: Elena Santagostino, Maria Elisa Mancuso, Cristina Novembrino, Massimo Anzoletti Boscolo, Marigrazia Clerici, Gianluigi Pasta, Luigi Piero Solimeno, Flora Peyvandi
Journal: Blood (2017)
Parking Costs—A Family Affair—Reply
Authors: Anna Lee, Kanan Shah, Fumiko Chino
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Puberty blockers: children under 16 should not be referred without court order, says NHS England
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

NHS England has ordered a pause on referrals of children under 16 for puberty blockers, after the High Court ruled that under 16s were unlikely to fully understand the long term effects of the treatment and give informed consent.1

Implementation of the High Court judgment, which will have far reaching consequences for treating children with gender dysphoria, has been stayed until 22 December or until the determination of any appeal by the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust.

The trust’s gender identity development service …
SARS-CoV-2 has been circulating in northeastern Brazil since February 2020: evidence for antibody detection in asymptomatic patients
Authors: Ricardo Queiroz Gurgel, Laís Catarine de Sá, Daniela Raguer Valadão Souza, Aline Fagundes Martins, Igor Leonardo Santos Matos, Alexandra Giovanna Aragão Lima, Sarah Cristina Fontes Vieira, José Melquiades de Rezende Neto, Luis Eduardo Cuevas, Lysandro Pinto Borges
Journal: Journal of Infection (2020)

We screened stored samples collected before COVID-19 had been reported in Brazil. 989 samples were tested for SAR-CoV-2 antibodies using two different methods; 16 (1.6%) were positive (7 (43.8%) IgM, 3 (18.8%) IgG and 6 (37.5%) IgG/IgM positive), suggesting SARS-CoV-2 had circulated before the first reported COVID-19 case in Brazil.
Association Between ABO and Rh Blood Groups and SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Severe COVID-19 Illness
Authors: Joel G. Ray, Michael J. Schull, Marian J. Vermeulen, Alison L. Park
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

The ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood groups may influence risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
Self-Replicating RNAs Drive Protective Anti-tumor T Cell Responses to Neoantigen Vaccine Targets in a Combinatorial Approach
Authors: Christian J. Maine, Guilhem Richard, Darina S. Spasova, Shigeki J. Miyake-Stoner, Jessica Sparks, Leonard Moise, Ryan P. Sullivan, Olivia Garijo, Melissa Choz, Jenna M. Crouse, Allison Aguilar, Melanie D. Olesiuk, Katie Lyons, Katrina Salvador, Melissa Blomgren, Jason L. DeHart, Kurt I. Kamrud, Gad Berdugo, Anne S. De Groot, Nathaniel S. Wang, Parinaz Aliahmad
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2020)

Historically poor clinical results of tumor vaccines have been attributed to weakly immunogenic antigen targets, limited specificity, and vaccine platforms that fail to induce high-quality polyfunctional T cells, central to mediating cellular immunity. We show here that the combination of antigen selection, construct design, and a robust vaccine platform based on the Synthetically Modified Alpha Replicon RNA Technology (SMARRT), a self-replicating RNA, leads to control of tumor growth in mice. Therapeutic immunization with SMARRT replicon-based vaccines expressing tumor-specific neoantigens or tumor-associated antigen were able to generate polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in mice. Additionally, checkpoint inhibitors, or co-administration of cytokine also expressed from the SMARRT platform, synergized to enhance responses further. Lastly, SMARRT-based immunization of non-human primates was able to elicit high-quality T cell responses, demonstrating translatability and clinical feasibility of synthetic replicon technology for therapeutic oncology vaccines.
Endothelial Cell Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 Alters Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction Through Kynurenine
Authors: Nada Joe Melhem, Mouna Chajadine, Ingrid Gomez, Kiave-Yune Howangyin, Marion Bouvet, Camille Knosp, Yanyi Sun, Marie Rouanet, Ludivine Laurans, Olivier Cazorla, Mathilde Lemitre, José Vilar, Ziad Mallat, Alain Tedgui, Hafid Ait-Oufella, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Jacques Callebert, Jean-Marie Launay, Jeremy Fauconnier, Jean-Sébastien Silvestre, Soraya Taleb
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Ischemic cardiovascular diseases, particularly acute myocardial infarction (MI), is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) catalyzes 1 rate-limiting step of L-tryptophan metabolism, and emerges as an important regulator of many pathological conditions. We hypothesized that IDO could play a key role to locally regulate cardiac homeostasis after MI.Cardiac repair was analyzed in mice harboring specific endothelial or smooth muscle cells or cardiomyocyte or myeloid cell deficiency of IDO and challenged with acute myocardial infarction.We show that kynurenine generation through IDO is markedly induced after MI in mice. Total genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of IDO limits cardiac injury and cardiac dysfunction after MI. Distinct loss of function of IDO in smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, or cardiomyocytes does not affect cardiac function and remodeling in infarcted mice. In sharp contrast, mice harboring endothelial cell-specific deletion of IDO show an improvement of cardiac function as well as cardiomyocyte contractility and reduction in adverse ventricular remodeling. In vivo kynurenine supplementation in IDO-deficient mice abrogates the protective effects of IDO deletion. Kynurenine precipitates cardiomyocyte apoptosis through reactive oxygen species production in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent mechanism.These data suggest that IDO could constitute a new therapeutic target during acute MI.
44O Pembrolizumab (pembro) vs chemotherapy (chemo) for previously treated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC): KEYNOTE-119 Asia-Pacific subpopulation
Authors: S-A. Im, J. Cortes, O. Lipatov, A. Goncalves, K-S. Lee, P. Schmid, K. Tamura, L. Testa, I. Witzel, S. Ohtani, S. Zambelli, N. Harbeck, F. Andre, R. Dent, J. Lin, V. Karantza, J.A. Mejia, E.P. Winer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
ET-01. EXPLORING NEW DRUGS THAT CAN AFFECT THE VIABILITY AND TRANSFORMATION OF CHILDHOOD MEDULLOBLASTOMAS
Authors: Helena Pavel, Norbert Ajeawung, Robert Faure, Donald Poirier, Deepak Kamnasaran
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2011)

BACKGROUND: Medulloblastoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the central nervous system in newborn infants and children and accounts for about 15% to 20% of pediatric brain tumors. Despite current diagnostic and therapeutic advances, the morbidity and mortality rates still remain high.
45O Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant in East Asian women with HR+, HER2- advanced breast cancer: Overall survival from MONARCH 2
Authors: C-S. Huang, M. Toi, Y-H. Im, H. Iwata, J. Sohn, H-C. Wang, N. Masuda, S-A. Im, Y. Lu, N. Haddad, S. Sakaguchi, K. Hurt, P. Neven, A. Llombart-Cussac, G. Sledge
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Serology- and PCR-based cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults in a successfully contained early hotspot (CoMoLo study), Germany, May to June 2020
Authors: Claudia Santos-Hövener, Hannelore K Neuhauser, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Markus Busch, Martin Schlaud, Robert Hoffmann, Antje Gößwald, Carmen Koschollek, Jens Hoebel, Jennifer Allen, Antje Haack-Erdmann, Stefan Brockmann, Thomas Ziese, Andreas Nitsche, Janine Michel, Sebastian Haller, Hendrik Wilking, Osamah Hamouda, Victor M Corman, Christian Drosten, Lars Schaade, Lothar H Wieler, Thomas Lampert
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Three months after a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Kupferzell, Germany, a population-based study (n = 2,203) found no RT-PCR-positives. IgG-ELISA seropositivity with positive virus neutralisation tests was 7.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.5–9.1) and 4.3% with negative neutralisation tests. We estimate 12.0% (95% CI: 10.4–14.0%) infected adults (24.5% asymptomatic), six times more than notified. Full hotspot containment confirms the effectiveness of prompt protection measures. However, 88% naïve adults are still at high COVID-19 risk.
Comparative validation of multi-instance instrument segmentation in endoscopy: Results of the ROBUST-MIS 2019 challenge
Authors: Tobias Roß, Annika Reinke, Peter M. Full, Martin Wagner, Hannes Kenngott, Martin Apitz, Hellena Hempe, Diana Mindroc-Filimon, Patrick Scholz, Thuy Nuong Tran, Pierangela Bruno, Pablo Arbeláez, Gui-Bin Bian, Sebastian Bodenstedt, Jon Lindström Bolmgren, Laura Bravo-Sánchez, Hua-Bin Chen, Cristina González, Dong Guo, Pål Halvorsen, Pheng-Ann Heng, Enes Hosgor, Zeng-Guang Hou, Fabian Isensee, Debesh Jha, Tingting Jiang, Yueming Jin, Kadir Kirtac, Sabrina Kletz, Stefan Leger, Zhixuan Li, Klaus H. Maier-Hein, Zhen-Liang Ni, Michael A. Riegler, Klaus Schoeffmann, Ruohua Shi, Stefanie Speidel, Michael Stenzel, Isabell Twick, Gutai Wang, Jiacheng Wang, Liansheng Wang, Lu Wang, Yujie Zhang, Yan-Jie Zhou, Lei Zhu, Manuel Wiesenfarth, Annette Kopp-Schneider, Beat P. Müller-Stich, Lena Maier-Hein
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2020)

Intraoperative tracking of laparoscopic instruments is often a prerequisite for computer and robotic-assisted interventions. While numerous methods for detecting, segmenting and tracking of medical instruments based on endoscopic video images have been proposed in the literature, key limitations remain to be addressed: Firstly, robustness, that is, the reliable performance of state-of-the-art methods when run on challenging images (e.g. in the presence of blood, smoke or motion artifacts). Secondly, generalization; algorithms trained for a specific intervention in a specific hospital should generalize to other interventions or institutions. In an effort to promote solutions for these limitations, we organized the Robust Medical Instrument Segmentation (ROBUST-MIS) challenge as an international benchmarking competition with a specific focus on the robustness and generalization capabilities of algorithms. For the first time in the field of endoscopic image processing, our challenge included a task on binary segmentation and also addressed multi-instance detection and segmentation. The challenge was based on a surgical data set comprising 10,040 annotated images acquired from a total of 30 surgical procedures from three different types of surgery. The validation of the competing methods for the three tasks (binary segmentation, multi-instance detection and multi-instance segmentation) was performed in three different stages with an increasing domain gap between the training and the test data. The results confirm the initial hypothesis, namely that algorithm performance degrades with an increasing domain gap. While the average detection and segmentation quality of the best-performing algorithms is high, future research should concentrate on detection and segmentation of small, crossing, moving and transparent instrument(s) (parts).
Abstract 2283: Incremental Prognostic Value Of Mitral Annular Systolic Velocity To E/E′ In Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Byung Ho Lee, Jong-Won Ha, Chi-Young Shim, Sung-Ai Kim, Jung-Sun Kim, Eui-Young Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Namsik Chung
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Although mitral inflow velocity over early mitral annulus velocity (E/E′), a surrogate marker of left ventricular filling pressure, was shown to be a good prognostic predictor of surviv...
Pulmonary Hypertension in Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Ori Ben-Yehuda, Bahira Shahim, Shmuel Chen, Mengdan Liu, Bjorn Redfors, Rebecca T. Hahn, Federico M. Asch, Neil J. Weissman, Diego Medvedofsky, Rishi Puri, Samir Kapadia, Anna Sannino, Paul Grayburn, Saibal Kar, Scott Lim, JoAnn Lindenfeld, William T. Abraham, Michael J. Mack, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Executive summary for China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET) 2016 Annual Data Report
Authors: Chao Yang, Bixia Gao, Xinju Zhao, Zaiming Su, Xiaoyu Sun, Huai-Yu Wang, Ping Zhang, Rong Wang, Jian Liu, Wen Tang, Dongliang Zhang, Hong Chu, Jinwei Wang, Fang Wang, Song Wang, Li Zuo, Yue Wang, Feng Yu, Haibo Wang, Luxia Zhang, Hong Zhang, Li Yang, Jianghua Chen, Ming-Hui Zhao
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
17083 Identification of psoriasis-protective IL-17D variant associated with increased IL-17D and FAM19A5 expression in psoriatic skin
Authors: Atrin Toussi, Alexander Merleev, Virginia Barton, Stephanie Le, Alina I. Marusina, Guillaume Luxardi, Lam Tsoi, Johann E. Gudjonsson, Emanual Maverakis
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Investigation of the prognostic value of CD4 T cell subsets expanded from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of colorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: Marie Kroemer, Celia Turco, Laurie Spehner, Julien Viot, Idir Idirène, Adeline Bouard, Elodie Renaude, Marina Deschamps, Yann Godet, Olivier Adotévi, Samuel Limat, Bruno Heyd, Marine Jary, Romain Loyon, Christophe Borg
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background The positive role of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has been well described but the prognostic value of CD4 T cell subsets remained to be investigated. In this study, we expanded TIL from surgically resected liver metastases of patients with CRC and characterized the phenotype and the prognostic value of expanded-CD4 T cells. Methods Liver metastases were surgically resected from 23 patients with CRC. Tumors were enzymatically digested and cultured in high dose of interleukin-2 for up to 5 weeks. T cell phenotype and reactivity of cultured-T cells were measured by flow cytometry and correlated with patients’ clinical outcomes. Results We successfully expanded 21 over 23 TIL from liver metastases of patients with CRC. Interestingly, we distinguished two subsets of expanded T cells based on T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) expression. Medians fold expansion of expanded T cells after rapid expansion protocol was higher in CD3 + TIM-3 low cultures. In an attempt to investigate the correlation between the phenotype of expanded CD4 T cells and clinical outcomes, we observed on one hand that the level of Tregs in culture as well as the expression of both PD1 and TIM-3 by expanded T cells was not correlated to the clinical outcomes. Interestingly, on the other hand, cultures containing high levels of Th17 cells were associated with a poor prognosis (p=0.0007). Conclusions Our data confirmed the presence of Th17 cells in expanded T cells from liver metastases. Among CD4 T cell characteristics investigated, TIM-3 but not programmed cell death protein 1 predicted the expansion capacity of TIL while only the Th17 phenotype showed correlation with patients’ survival, suggesting a particular role of this T cell subset in CRC immune contexture. Trial registration number NCT02817178 .
16830 Results from the open-label treatment period of a long-term proactive management phase III trial using fixed-dose combination calcipotriene 0.005% and betamethasone dipropionate 0.064% foam
Authors: Mark Lebwohl, Jean Philippe LACOUR, Monika Liljedahl, Charles Lynde, Marie Mørch, Anja Snel-Prentø, L.E.O. Pharma, Diamant Thaci, Richard B. Warren
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
World Health Organization recommendations on the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis, 2020 update
Authors: Fuad Mirzayev, Kerri Viney, Nguyen Nhat Linh, Licé Gonzalez-Angulo, Medea Gegia, Ernesto Jaramillo, Matteo Zignol, Tereza Kasaeva
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health problem globally. Likewise, forms of tuberculosis (TB) resistant to first- and second-line TB medicines present a major challenge for patients, healthcare workers and healthcare services. In November 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened an independent international expert panel to review new evidence on the treatment of multidrug- (MDR) and rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Updated WHO guidelines emerging from this review, published in June 2020, recommend a shorter treatment regimen for patients with MDR/RR-TB not resistant to fluoroquinolones (of 9–11 months), with the inclusion of bedaquiline instead of an injectable agent, making the regimen all oral. For patients with MDR-TB and additional fluoroquinolone resistance, a regimen composed of bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid may be used under operational research conditions (6–9 months). Depending on the drug-resistance profile, extent of TB disease or disease severity, a longer (18–20 months) all-oral, individualised treatment regimen may be used. In addition, the review of new data in 2019 allowed the WHO to conclude that there are no major safety concerns on the use of bedaquiline for &gt;6 months’ duration, the use of delamanid and bedaquiline together and the use of bedaquiline during pregnancy, although formal recommendations were not made on these topics. The 2020 revision has highlighted the ongoing need for high-quality evidence and has reiterated the need for clinical trials and other research studies to contribute to the development of evidence-based policy.