tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Therapy In A Cohort Of Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis From A Portuguese Reference Center
Authors: L Martins Figueiredo, G Alexandrino, MA Rafael, L Carvalho Lourenço, C Graça Rodrigues, D Horta, J Canena, A Martins
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is defined by progressive inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the pancreas, resulting in permanent structural damage. When medical therapy fails, endoscopic therapies (ET) may be required. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ET of a cohort of patients with CP.
Perioperative Neurological Evaluation and Management to Lower the Risk of Acute Stroke in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac, Nonneurological Surgery: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
Authors: Curtis Benesch, Laurent G. Glance, Colin P. Derdeyn, Lee A. Fleisher, Robert G. Holloway, Steven R. Messé, Christina Mijalski, M. Timothy Nelson, Martha Power, Babu G. Welch
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Perioperative stroke is a potentially devastating complication in patients undergoing noncardiac, nonneurological surgery. This scientific statement summarizes established risk factors for perioperative stroke, preoperative and intraoperative strategies to mitigate the risk of stroke, suggestions for postoperative assessments, and treatment approaches for minimizing permanent neurological dysfunction in patients who experience a perioperative stroke. The first section focuses on preoperative optimization, including the role of preoperative carotid revascularization in patients with high-grade carotid stenosis and delaying surgery in patients with recent strokes. The second section reviews intraoperative strategies to reduce the risk of stroke, focusing on blood pressure control, perioperative goal-directed therapy, blood transfusion, and anesthetic technique. Finally, this statement presents strategies for the evaluation and treatment of patients with suspected postoperative strokes and, in particular, highlights the value of rapid recognition of strokes and the early use of intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical embolectomy in appropriate patients.
Physical inactivity and non-communicable disease burden in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries
Authors: Peter T Katzmarzyk, Christine Friedenreich, Eric J Shiroma, I-Min Lee
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

Physical inactivity is a risk factor for premature mortality and several non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to estimate the global burden associated with physical inactivity, and to examine differences by country income and region.Population-level, prevalence-based population attributable risks (PAR) were calculated for 168 countries to estimate how much disease could be averted if physical inactivity were eliminated. We calculated PARs (percentage of cases attributable to inactivity) for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and non-communicable diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers of the bladder, breast, colon, endometrium, oesophagus, stomach and kidney.Globally, 7.2% and 7.6% of all-cause and cardiovascular disease deaths, respectively, are attributable to physical inactivity. The proportions of non-communicable diseases attributable to physical inactivity range from 1.6% for hypertension to 8.1% for dementia. There was an increasing gradient across income groups; PARs were more than double in high-income compared with low-income countries. However, 69% of total deaths and 74% of cardiovascular disease deaths associated with physical inactivity are occurring in middle-income countries, given their population size. Regional differences were also observed, with the PARs occurring in Latin America/Caribbean and high-income Western and Asia-Pacific countries, and the lowest burden occurring in Oceania and East/Southeast Asia.The global burden associated with physical inactivity is substantial. The relative burden is greatest in high-income countries; however, the greatest number of people (absolute burden) affected by physical inactivity are living in middle-income countries given the size of their populations.
Anatomic substrate of impaired antegrade conduction over an accessory atrioventricular pathway in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: G JKlein, D BHackel, J JGallagher
Journal: Circulation (1980)

We present a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who died of a myocardial infarction 19 months after clinical electrophysiologic studies. These studies suggested the presence of a left atrioventricular accessory pathway that sustained conduction well in the retrograde direction but only intermittently in the antegrade direction. Postmortem examination of the heart revealed three accessory atrioventricular pathways in proximity to each other in the posterolateral atrioventricular region. One pathway showed complete fibrosis and two showed patchy fibrosis. The fibrosis suggests an anatomic basis for the impaired antegrade conduction observed in life.
Functional abnormalities in isolated left bundle branch block. The effect of interventricular asynchrony.
Authors: C LGrines, T MBashore, HBoudoulas, SOlson, PShafer, C FWooley
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Eighteen patients with isolated left bundle branch block (LBBB) were compared with 10 normal control subjects. Apexcardiograms, phonocardiograms, electrocardiograms, two-dimensional and dual M-mode echocardiograms, and radionuclide ventriculograms (RNV) were performed. There were no differences in the timing of right ventricular events between LBBB and normal subjects; however, striking delays in left ventricular systolic and diastolic events were apparent in the LBBB group. The delay was associated with shortening of left ventricular diastole and resultant increase in the ratio of right to left ventricular diastolic time in LBBB (1.2 +/- 0.08) compared with normal (1.0 +/- 0.06), p less than 0.0001. First heart sound (S1) amplitude, expressed as the ratio S1/S2, was decreased in LBBB compared with normal (0.67 +/- 0.2 compared with 1.34 +/- 0.25, p less than 0.01), in part due to wide separation of the valvular contributors to S1. The abnormal interventricular septal motion in LBBB corresponded to period...
The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Activity In A Tertiary Care Center From North-Eastern Romania
Authors: S Chiriac, C Stanciu, C Cojocariu, C Sfarti, A-M Singeap, I Girleanu, T Cuciureanu, L Huiban, D David, S Zenovia, R Nastasa, GG Balan, A Trifan
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims The outbreak of the corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to significant changes in endoscopy units worldwide, with potential impact on patients' welfare as well as on endoscopy training. We aimed to assess the real-life impact of COVID-19 on the endoscopy unit in a tertiary care center from Romania.
No Advantage of Lumen-Apposing Metal Stents over Double-Pigtail Plastic Stents for Endoscopic Treatment of Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: L Boxhoorn, RC Verdonk, MG Besselink, MA Boermeester, TL Bollen, SA Bouwense, VC Cappendijk, WL Curvers, CH Dejong, SM van Dijk, HM van Dullemen, CH van Eijck, EJ van Geenen, M Hadithi, WL Hazen, P Honkoop, JE van Hooft, MA Jacobs, E Kouw, SD Kuiken, M Ledeboer, VB Nieuwenhuijs, LE Perk, JW Poley, R Quispel, R de Ridder, HC van Santvoort, MW Stommel, HC Timmerhuis, BJ Witteman, DS Umans, NG Venneman, FP Vleggaar, RL van Wanrooij, CJ Sperna Weiland, MJ Bruno, P Fockens, RP Voermans
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims The endoscopic step-approach is preferred over a surgical step-up approach in eligible patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) might optimize endoscopic drainage and reduce the need for endoscopic necrosectomy. Nevertheless, some safety concerns, particularly bleeding, remain. We conducted a multicenter prospective study to investigate the clinical outcome of LAMS in patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis.
Doppler color-flow imaging assessment of shunt size in atrial septal defect.
Authors: CPollick, HSullivan, BCujec, SWilansky
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Two-dimensional echocardiography and pulsed-Doppler studies have not proved to be reliable methods of assessing left-to-right shunt size in atrial septal defect. Doppler color-flow imaging displays the transatrial jet, providing a new dimension with the potential capability of quantifying left-to-right shunt size. Twenty-three patients with atrial septal defect were studied by color-flow imaging and cardiac catheterization. The defect size measured by two-dimensional echocardiography, the maximal color-flow jet width in the atrial septum, and the maximal color-flow jet area in the right atrium were correlated with cardiac catheterization-derived left-to-right shunt size. Correlation coefficients were 0.57 (p less than 0.01), 0.67 (p less than 0.001), and 0.65 (p less than 0.01), respectively. Atrial septal color-flow jet width distinguished patients with less than a 2:1 left-to-right shunt size ratio (eight patients, jet width less than 15 mm in in all) from patients with greater than a 2:1 left-to-right ...
Ellipsoidal shell subtraction model of right ventricular volume. Comparison with regional free wall dimensions as indexes of right ventricular function.
Authors: M PFeneley, J RElbeery, J WGaynor, S AGall, J WDavis, J SRankin
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Pulse-transit sonomicrometry was used to measure the base-apex (a), anteroposterior (b), and septal-free wall (c) diameters of the left ventricle and the septal-free wall diameter of the right ventricle (d) in eight excised and three isolated, pump-perfused canine heart preparations, as well as in nine conscious dogs. In the three perfused hearts and in four of the excised hearts, right ventricular free wall regional segment lengths and segment area also were assessed. Biventricular volumes were measured directly with intracavitary balloons in all isolated hearts. When left ventricular balloon volume was held constant, relations between right ventricular free wall dimensions and right ventricular balloon volume were highly linear. With increments in left ventricular volume, however, these relations remained linear but shifted progressively upward, indicating an independent relation between right ventricular free wall dimensions and left ventricular cavitary volume. An ellipsoidal shell subtraction model (...
Partial coronary stenosis is sufficient and complete reperfusion is mandatory for preconditioning the canine heart.
Authors: MOvize, KPrzyklenk, R AKloner
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Repeated brief episodes of total coronary artery occlusion (i.e., severe ischemia), each separated by brief periods of reperfusion, reduce infarct size after a subsequent sustained ischemia. The importance of the intensity of ischemia during these coronary artery occlusions and the role of the following transient reflow are poorly understood. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether moderate preconditioning ischemia induced by partial coronary artery stenosis (reducing coronary flow to approximately 50% of its baseline values), with or without a brief period of total reperfusion, could precondition the canine myocardium. Dogs were randomized to receive one of three preconditioning treatments: the R(-) group underwent 15 minutes of partial coronary stenosis without subsequent brief reperfusion (n = 8); the R(+) group underwent 15 minutes of partial coronary stenosis followed by 10 minutes of full reflow (n = 8); and the control group underwent no intervention (n = 8). All dogs then underwent 1 h...
Echocardiographic detection of mitral valve prolapse. Exclusion of false positive diagnosis and determination of inheritance.
Authors: A NWeiss, J WMimbs, P ALudbrook, B ESobel
Journal: Circulation (1975)

An important potential source of error in the echocardiographic diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse has been identified -- namely a systolic hammock-like pattern of the anterior and/or posterior mitral leaflet echoes, similar to that associated with true mitral valve prolapse, produced artifactually when the ultrasonic transducer is angulated inferiorly. Utilizing a modified, more specific technique we characterized the mode of inheritance and familial prevalence of this disorder. Among 74 subjects, composed of 57 first-degree relatives and 17 propositi with mitral valve prolapse, mitral valve prolapse was detected in 27 of 57 (47%) of the first-degree relatives. Fifty-three percent of female and 36% of male progeny of propositi were affected. Furthermore, familial transmission occurred from propositi to both sexes. Results of this study indicate that mitral valve prolapse is transmitted in an autosomal dominant mode with reduced male expressivity and a familial prevalence of 47% and that appropriate echoc...
Quantification of infarct size by 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography during acute myocardial infarction in humans. Comparison with enzymatic estimates.
Authors: J JMahmarian, C MPratt, SBorges-Neto, W RCashion, RRoberts, M SVerani
Journal: Circulation (1988)

We prospectively investigated whether 201Tl single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) could accurately diagnose the presence and quantify the extent of acute myocardial infarction when compared with infarct size assessed by plasma MB-creatine kinase activity. Thirty patients with enzymatic evidence of infarction were imaged within 12-36 hours of chest pain (mean, 23.4 hours). No patient had a previous infarction, and none underwent intervention seeking to restore coronary patency. Infarct size was quantified with computer-generated polar maps of the myocardial radioactivity and expressed as a percentage of the total left ventricular volume. To assess left and right ventricular performance, blood-pool gated radionuclide angiography was performed immediately after SPECT. All 30 patients had perfusion defects consistent with myocardial infarction. Scintigraphic and enzymatic estimates of infarct size correlated well for the group as a whole (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001, SEE = 9.1) but especially for...
Mechanism of action of carbocyclic thromboxane A2 and its interaction with prostaglandin I2 and verapamil in isolated arteries.
Authors: NToda
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Carbocyclic thromboxane A2 (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) produced a concentration-dependent contraction of helical strips of dog cerebral, coronary, mesenteric, renal, and femoral arteries and of monkey cerebral, coronary, and mesenteric arteries. Contraction induced by low concentrations of carbocyclic thromboxane A2 tended to be greater in cerebral arterial strips. Even after 60 minutes of exposure to Ca++-free media, approximately one-half of the contractile response of dog cerebral and mesenteric arteries to 10(-8) M carbocyclic thromboxane A2 was retained. The contractile response was attenuated by diphloretin phosphate, a prostaglandin antagonist, and was potentiated by aspirin. In dog cerebral arterial strips contracted with carbocyclic thromboxane, the relaxant response to prostaglandin I2 was less than the response seen in mesenteric and coronary arteries, whereas, in contrast, the response to verapamil was greater in cerebral arteries. Concentration-relaxation curves for papaverine did differ appreciably...
Release of atherosclerotic debris after transluminal angioplasty.
Authors: P CBlock, DElmer, J TFallon
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To determine if there is release of endothelial cells or plaque contents after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, effluent from atherosclerotic segments of the aorta and iliac arteries of rabbits were collected before and after angioplasty. No endothelial cells or cholesterol plates were identified in the preangioplasty effluents. Only a few single endothelial cells and cholesterol crystals were found in effluents after angioplasty. We conclude that embolization of endothelial fragments and cholesterol plates occurs during angioplasty, but only to a minor degree, and is probably not clinically important.
Serotonin-induced coronary spasm in a swine model. A minor role of defective endothelium-derived relaxing factor.
Authors: TFukai, KEgashira, HHata, KNumaguchi, YOhara, TTakahashi, HTomoike, ATakeshita
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDCoronary spasm may be caused by endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity, or both. We aimed to determine the relative role of endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity in the pathogenesis of coronary artery spasm in the swine model in vivo.METHODS AND RESULTSIn Gottingen miniature pigs given a high cholesterol diet, a segment of the left coronary artery was denuded and irradiated with x-ray (total, 30 Gy). Three months after endothelial denudation and irradiation, vasomotor responses of the denuded and control sites to agonists were assessed by quantitative arteriography. Serotonin (10 micrograms/kg) provoked coronary spasm at the denuded site (diameter reduction, 79 +/- 6%) associated with ST elevation but not at the nondenuded control site (21 +/- 6%). Intracoronary infusion of N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNNA, an inhibitor of endothelium-derived nitric oxide) of 1 and 3 mg/kg potentiated constriction evoked with serotonin (1, 3, 10 mi...
The validation of the sit-to-stand test for COPD patients
Authors: Sarah Crook, Milo A. Puhan, Anja Frei
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

We thank A. Chambellan and colleagues for their interest in our study on the validation of the 1-min sit-to-stand (STS) test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients published in the European Respiratory Journal [1]. The authors highlighted some discrepancies between our study results and the results that they found in a similar study of COPD patients, raised questions over the possible cause of this difference and discuss results from their own study that they believe may provide additional information on the responsiveness of the 1-min STS test. Although evaluated in 3 different PR settings, the 1-min STS test shows consistent cross-sectional validity and MID <http://ow.ly/kJ0v30equOI>
Race, Age, and Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Dialysis
Authors: Elani Streja
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Addressing Missing Data in Clinical Trials
Authors: Mark van der Laan, Todd J. Lorenz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters19 July 2011Addressing Missing Data in Clinical TrialsMark van der Laan, PhD and Todd J. Lorenz, MDMark van der Laan, PhDFrom Orinda, CA 94563.Search for more papers by this author and Todd J. Lorenz, MDFrom Orinda, CA 94563.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest Fleming's excellent article (1), which calls attention to the problem of missing data in clinical research. In the past, patient withdrawal from clinical trials has not received the attention that it deserves as a potential source of bias.In many trials, insufficient attempts have been made to retain patient participation in clinical trials after study treatment has been discontinued, compromising the integrity of an unbiased intention-to-treat efficacy analysis. As Fleming notes, there is a need to distinguish between nonadherence, when patients have discontinued the study treatment, and nonretention, when patients decline to participate ...References1. Fleming TR. Addressing missing data in clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:113-7. [PMID: 21242367] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Hernán MA, Robins JM. Causal Inference. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Pr; 2011. Google Scholar3. Pearl J. Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 2009. Google Scholar4. Tsiatis AA. Semiparametric theory and missing data.. In: Bickel P, Diggle PJ, Fienberg SE, Gather U, Olkin I, Zeger S, eds. Springer Series in Statistics. New York: Springer; 2006. Google Scholar5. van der Laan MJ, Robins JM. Unified methods for censored longitudinal data and causality.. In: Bickel P, Diggle PJ, Fienberg SE, Gather U, Olkin I, Zeger S, eds. Springer Series in Statistics. New York: Springer; 2003. Google Scholar6. van der Laan MJ, Rose S. Targeted learning: causal inference for observational and experimental data.. In: Bickel P, Diggle PJ, Fienberg SE, Gather U, Olkin I, Zeger S, eds. Springer Series in Statistics. New York: Springer; 2011. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mark van der Laan, PhD; Todd J. Lorenz, MDAffiliations: From Orinda, CA 94563.Disclosures: Dr. Lorenz is a clinical research consultant for Portola Pharmaceuticals and Johnson & Johnson. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAddressing Missing Data in Clinical Trials Thomas R. Fleming Metrics 19 July 2011Volume 155, Issue 2Page: 135KeywordsClinical trialsConflicts of interestIntent to treat analysisObesityStatistical data ePublished: 19 July 2011 Issue Published: 19 July 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of morphine in the critically ill.
Authors: J JRouby, BEurin, PGlaser, J JGuillosson, JNafziger, RGuesde, PViars
Journal: Circulation (1981)

To assess the effects of i.v. injection of morphine, 0.5 mg/kg, hemodynamic studies were performed on 24 critically ill patients under controlled ventilation. An esophageal balloon was used to estimate intrapleural pressure and transmural cardiac filling pressures were calculated. After injection of morphine, there were significant decreases in heart rate (13%), cardiac index (18%), stroke index (17%) and arterial pressure (15%) and there was a nonsignificant increase in esophageal pressure (15%). Transmural cardiac filling pressures decreased significantly (21% for the pulmonary wedge pressure); intravascular filling pressures were unchanged. Oxygen consumption decreased significantly, by 21%, in 10 patients with initially elevated oxygen consumption and by 9% in 14 patients with initially normal oxygen consumption. The oxygen extraction ratio was unchanged, suggesting that the decrease in oxygen consumption was caused by decreased oxygen demand rather than by inadequate oxygen delivery. These results in...