tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distribution of metastases in NSCLC: Economic impact of imaging
Authors: C. Pineda, K. V. Cadogan, M. A. Cadogan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e19036 Background: Purpose: to investigate the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of routine pelvic CT scans in patients with NSCLC. Given that many patients have metastases to several organs, one important question is - “what is the frequency of metastases in the chest, the abdomen, the pelvis, elsewhere?” Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the CT data of 184 patients with Stage 4 NSCLC. The results are shown in Table 1 . Results: We found that there were 690 metastases to the chest, 205 to the abdomen, 80 to the bones, 18 to the pelvis, 13 to the brain and 23 others, not specified. These represent a relative incidence of 67%, 20%, 8%, 2%, 1% and 2%, respectively. These results are a strong indicator of the main areas that require imaging in NSCLC. If we consider the actual incidence of metastases, we find the following absolute statistics: 16 patients had pelvic involvement. This compares with 42 patients with adrenal metastases, 81 with liver metastases, 80 with bone metastases, 112 with hilar adenopathy, and 159 with mediastinal adenopathy. (See Table ) Conclusions: The cost of a CT of the pelvis varies, but is estimated at approximately $2000[Fred, Herbert L., MD, MACP. Drawbacks and Limitations of Computed Tomography: Views from a Medical Educator. Texas Heart Institute Journal 31 (2004): 345.]. The incidence of NSCLC is approximately 172,000 in 2008[Ries, LAG, et al (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2005. Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results. 2007. National Cancer Institute. 03JAN2009. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2005/ .]. Hence, the potential annual savings accrued by not performing CT of the pelvis is approximately $344 million. These costs can be justified in a Research setting, but it is more difficult to do so in the clinical arena. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Amplification of RUNX1 gene in two new cases of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report
Authors: A. Fauzdar, A. Mahajan, D. Jain, M. Mishra, V. Raina
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e21000 Background: Chromosome abnormalities of leukemia cells have important prognostic significance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) ETV6/RUNX1 (alias TEL/AML1) is most frequent i.e. 15 - 35% in the children with 2 - 18 age group. We report two new cases with Pre B- cell ALL without ETV6/RUNX1 rearrangement, showing amplification of AML1 gene detected by FISH analysis. Methods: Bone marrow samples were analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities with conventional G-banding techniques and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes to detect BCR/ABL t(9;22)(q34-q11) fusion, cryptic TEL/AML1 t(12:21)(p13-q22) and MLL rearrangement for del 11q23. Results: In first case a 3-year girl with four copies of AML (RUNX1) gene were observed in 95% of the cell with normal two copies of TEL (ETV6) gene in both interphase and metaphase FISH. We observed BCR-ABL negative translocation and no MLL gene rearrangement in all the interphase cells after doing FISH. We got a normal 46XX karyotype from bone marrow with conventional cytogenetics (CC) in the same patient. In second case, a 4-year male we observed four copies of AML and two copies of TEL gene in more than 80% of cells. In this patient, we got BCR-ABL negative translocation and three copies of MLL gene without any rearrangement through FISH. We got normal 46XY karyotype in the same patient through CC. Conclusions: In both the patients, we observed hyperdiploidy detected with four copies of RUNX1 gene showing tetrasomy of chromosome 21 detected with metaphase FISH analysis whereas G-banding shows normal diploidy. Bone marrow karyotype in combination with molecular cytogenetic techniques like FISH should be done for improvement in sensitivity and accurate cytogenetic analysis in childhood ALL patients for proper identification of prognostic group for optimum treatment. This is one of the few reported studies worldwide for amplification of RUNX1 gene from Indian subcontinent in childhood BCP-ALL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 12432: Midterm Super-Response After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Characterization and its Relation with Long-Term Prognosis
Authors: Qing Zhang, Yat-Sun Chan, Fang Fang, Wing-Hong Fung, Yu-Jia Liang, Chin-Pang Chan, Pui-Wai Lee, Kin-Yin Chan, Karl Chi-Yuen Chan, Adrian Cheong, Cheuk-Man Yu
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Left ventricular (LV) volumetric improvement differs among heart failure (HF) patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Recently, a portion of patients who demonstra...
Abstract 1290: Connexin 43 Controls Mitochondrial Respiration
Authors: Kerstin Boengler, Marisol Ruiz-Meana, Eli Miro, Alberto Cabestrero, Antonio Rodriguez-Sinovas, Giuliano Dodoni, Bjoern Kleibrink, David Garcia-Dorado, Gerd Heusch, Rainer Schulz
Journal: Circulation (2006)

The preservation of mitochondrial function and integrity is central for cell survival following ischemia/reperfusion. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the major protein of ventricular gap junctions, but is also present in left ventricular (LV) mitochondria. A reduction in Cx43 protein is associated with loss of diazoxide-induced reactive oxygen species formation and cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning. However, the exact function of Cx43 within mitochondria is unclear. In our study we analyzed the effect of Cx43 on mitochondrial respiration in two different settings: 1) a reduction and 2) an increase of mitochondrial Cx43 content. Mitochondria were isolated from the LV of wildtype (Cx43 +/+ , 100% total Cx43) and heterozygous Cx43-deficient mice (Cx43 +/− , 50% Cx43), as well as from mice, in which the ablation of Cx43 was induced by the injection of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (Cx43 Cre-ER(T)/fl  + 4-OHT, 5–10% Cx43) and the respective control strain (Cx43 fl/fl , 100% Cx43). Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was measured under baseline conditions and after the addition of ADP. The respiratory control index (RCI: ADP-stimulated respiration/basal respiration) was 3.9±0.6 (n=6) in Cx43 +/+  mitochon-dria, and was found to be reduced in mitochondria from Cx43 +/−  mice (RCI: 3.2±0.4, n=8, p fl/f : RCI = 2.8±0.2, n=13 vs. Cx43 Cre-ER(T)/fl  + 4-OHT: RCI = 2.3±0.1, n=6, p
Abstract 3747: Endothelial Specific Inactivation of CXCR4 Receptor in Adult Mice Reveals the Pivotal Role of SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis in the Development of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) for Myocardiac Infarction
Authors: Ayumi Yokoyama, Sangmo Kwon, Massaki Ii, Takayuki Asahara
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The development of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is markedly modulated by vascular niche-derived factors for maintaining EPC pool in adult bone marrow. Although SDF-1a/CXCR4 axis have shown to play a critical role in maintaining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool, the precise regulatory mechanism of EPC development remain unclear. In the analysis of tie-2 specific inactivation of CXCR4 in adult mice, we have found that the number of CD34(−/low)/c-kit(+)/Sca-1(+)/Lin(−) or side population (SP) stem cells is profoundly increased. In addition, EPC colony forming capacity of CD34(−)/c-kit(+)/Sca-1(+)/Lin(−) stem cells in endothelial specific CXCR4 null mice are drastically enhanced. Notably, the development of definitive EPC, a late stage of EPC development, is specifically impaired in Tie2cre-CXCR4 null mice, although the colony number of primitive EPCs, an early stage of EPC development, is profoundly increased. EPCs derived from endothelial specific CXCR4 null mice showed showed immatured EPC function, such as migration capacity, proliferation, cell survival. When cultured with SDF-1, niche-derived stem cells gave rise to promoted EPC colony forming capacity. In myocardiac infarction model, we observed the significantly reduced cardiac function,when measured by echocardiography. Furthermore, capillary density was also significantly decreased, as well as induced fibrosis in endothelial specific CXCR4 null mice. In conclusion, the present report clearly showed for the first time that the SDF-1a/CXCR4 axis plays a pivotal role in EPC maturation in special niche, suggesting that the full understanding of EPC development via regulating SDF-1-CXCR4 axis provide a key source of therapeutic tissue regeneration.
Statistics Notes: Quartiles, quintiles, centiles, and other quantiles
Authors: D G Altman, J M Bland
Journal: BMJ (1994)

When presenting or analysing measurements of a continuous variable it is sometimes helpful to group subjects into several equal groups. For example, to create four equal groups we need the values that split the data such that 25% of the observations are in each group. The cut off points are called quartiles, and there are three of them (the middle one also being called the median). Likewise, we use two tertiles to split data into three groups, four quintiles to split them into five groups, and so on. The general term for such cut off points is quantiles; other values likely to be encountered are deciles, which split data into 10 parts, and centiles, which split the data into 100 parts (also called percentiles). Values such as quartiles can also be …
Abstract 2841: Elevated C-Reactive Protein Levels are Associated With Rapid Progression of Non-culprit Complex Lesion in Non-ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Tatsuya Nakachi, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Kiyoshi Hibi, Kengo Tsukahara, Jun Okuda, Toshiyuki Ishikawa, Kazuaki Uchino, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Inflammation plays an important role in the vulnerability and progression of atheromatous plaque. We examined the relation of elevated baseline inflammatory activity and enhanced inflammatory response to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to non-culprit plaque progression in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods We measured high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in 100 patients with NSTE-ACS treated with PCI. Baseline and follow-up (mean interval, 6 months) coronary angiographic data were examined. Rapid progression was defined as ≥10% diameter reduction of a pre-existing stenosis ≥50% or ≥30% diameter reduction of a stenosis  0.140 mg/dl (median value), and elevated CRP after PCI (post-PCI CRP↑) was defined as CRP level 2days after PCI >1.800 mg/dl (median value). Results: Both admission CRP↑ and post-PCI CRP↑ were associated with a higher frequency of non-culprit complex lesion and a ...
Tracheoesophageal (TE) fistula development in a phase II trial of concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) and bevacizumab (B) in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC)
Authors: D. R. Spigel, J. D. Hainsworth, C. Farley, C. Meng, D. Blake, H. A. Burris, E. Raefsky, J. Patton, L. L. Hart, F. A. Greco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

7554 Background: TE fistulas are rare complications of thoracic and esophageal cancers and their treatments. We previously identified a TE fistula in 1 patient (pt) in a LS-SCLC trial (n=60) where B was used as maintenance therapy after CRT (JCO 24: 7085, 2006). In this multicenter phase II trial we evaluated concurrent CRT and B in LS-SCLC and identified a potential risk for TE fistula formation. Methods: This was a 2-stage trial designed to enroll 50 pts with a primary aim of achieving a 40% improvement in historical 12 - 14 month median progression-free survival (PFS) (α .05, β .20). Pts with newly diagnosed LS-SCLC, measurable disease, ECOG PS 0 - 1, signed informed consent, and no hemoptysis or need for anticoagulation were eligible. All pts received carboplatin AUC=4 IV day (D) 1 and irinotecan 60mg/m2 D1,18,15, every 28D cycles 1 - 4. RT began with cycle 3, 1.8 Gy/D to 61.2 Gy. B 10mg/kg IV was given D1,15 every 28D cycles 1 - 10. Pts were restaged after 4 cycles (per RECIST). Results: 29 pts were enrolled from 4/06 to 3/07 before trial closure for safety - with a median follow-up of 14 months (range 9 - 18 months). Pt characteristics: median age 64 years; female 79%; and ECOG PS 0/1 69%/31%. 2 pts developed TE fistulas during maintenance B (2 months and 5 months after RT) and subsequently died. A third pt died from an aerodigestive hemorrhage (autopsy not performed). All 3 pts had grade (G) 3 esophagitis during CRT and B. There were 4 complete and 11 partial responses - response rate 88% (95% CI 64% - 99%); and 1 pt each with stable and progressive disease. 12 pts were not evaluable: trial withdrawal (1), unconfirmed data (1), treatment toxicity (2), and trial closure (8). The median PFS has not been reached. Other G3/4 non-hematologic toxicity in > 2 pts: diarrhea (21%), esophagitis (14%), fatigue (17%), and pain (14%). G3/4 hematologic toxicity: neutropenia (17%) and thrombocytopenia (28%). 1 pt died from a treatment-related bowel perforation. Conclusions: These findings suggest B increases the risk for TE fistula development in LS-SCLC when administered with, and following, CRT. Potential mechanisms include enhanced regional tissue injury and impaired mucosal healing. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bayer, Genentech Genentech Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Company, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, GPC Biotech, sanofi-aventis
Abstract 4985: Are All Patients Considered “Low Risk” for Coronary Heart Disease Really Low Risk? An Analysis from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Vijay Nambi, Lloyd Chambless, Aaron R Folsom, Yijuan Hu, Tom Mosley, Kelly Volcik, Eric Boerwinkle, Christie M Ballantyne
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Low risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) is defined by ATP III as a 10 year risk of &lt;10%. There have been suggestions, however, that a 10 year CHD risk of 5–10% be considered as intermediate risk. The addition of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) has been shown to improve CHD risk prediction when added to traditional risk factors (TRF) (age, gender, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension and cigarette smoking) in the ARIC study. We investigated the absolute event rates with and without the addition of CIMT to TRF in the ARIC study and determined the impact in the 0–10% risk group. Participants in the ARIC study (n=13145) without baseline CHD or stroke and with CIMT measurements available were included for this analysis. Using Cox proportional hazards models the participants were classified into various risk categories using TRF and further classified by sex specific CIMT (categorized as &lt;25 th , 25 th to 75 th and &gt;75 th percentile). The absolute event rates were then described in each group (table ). Over a mean follow up of 13.8 years, 1601 (12.2%) individuals had incident CHD events. Approximately 31% of these incident CHD events were in the 5–10% risk group which made up 28% of the study while only 16% of the incident CHD events occurred in the 0–5% risk group which made up 47% of the study population. The 5–10% group had event rates (13.7%) greater than the study average (12.2%), especially in those with thicker CIMT (&gt;75 th percentile, event rate 17%), and greater event rates than those in the 0–5% risk group (4.1%) (table ). Given the notably higher observed CHD risk in the 5–10% group (especially in those with thicker CIMT) relative to the 0–5% group, the availability of safe, low cost lipid lowering medications and low risk tests such as ultrasound that may improve risk stratification, it may be time to evaluate the low risk group more carefully for cardiovascular preventive therapies. Table. Incident CHD in the various risk groups over a mean follow up of 13.8 years in the ARIC study
The rise of counselling
Authors: A P Boardman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

States in 1990 by cumulative quintile shares before and after adjustment for taxes, benefits, and household composition.4It shows, for exam- ple, that the share of total income available to the poorest 40% of the distribution in 1990 increased by more than a third from 12.7% to 17% after adjustment.This report also notes that the Gini coefficient-a common indicator of income inequality-was 25% higher in 1986 (42.5 compared with 34.1) before adjustment.4These results imply that the distribution of equivalent disposable income between states within the United States is more equal than that assumed by Kaplan and colleagues and by Kennedy and colleagues, which raises doubts about their contribution to the debate about the extent to which variations in disposable household income might account for differences in population health between advanced industrial societies.
Characterization of a thrombin cleavage site mutation (Arg 1689 to Cys) in the factor VIII gene of two unrelated patients with cross-reacting material-positive hemophilia A.
Authors: Morio Arai, Miyoko Higuchi, Stylianos E. Antonarakis, Haig H. Kazazian, John A. Phillips, Robert L. Janco, Leon W. Hoyer
Journal: Blood (1990)
Empirical assessment of competency to consent to psychiatric hospitalization
Authors: P S Appelbaum, S A Mirkin, A L Bateman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors used an interview questionnaire to assess competency to consent to voluntary admission in a group of 50 newly admitted psychiatric patients. Using a number of alternative definitions of competency with this sample of patients tested shortly after admission, they found that a majority of patients appeared to have severe impairment of competency. These results suggest limitations in the applicability of the legal model of informed consent to the psychiatric setting.
Abstract P54: Initial Defibrillation versus Initial Chest Compression in a 4-minute Ventricular Fibrillation Canine Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Yuanlong Wang, Jingquan Zhong, Wen Tao, Xuemei Hou, Xianglin Meng, Yun Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Objective: Prior laboratory and clinical studies demonstrate that chest compression preceding defibrillation of prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF) increases the likelihood of successful cardiac resuscitation. The lower limit of VF duration at which time pre-shock chest compression provides no benefit has not been specifically studied. The purpose of this study was to compare defibrillation and cardiac resuscitation outcome between immediate initial defibrillation and initial chest compression in a 4-minute VF canine model of cardiac arrest. Methods: VF was induced in anesthetized and instrumented canine. After 4 minutes of untreated VF, animals were randomly assigned to either shock-first group or chest-compression-first group. Animals in shock-first group received immediate single counter-shock and 200 immediate post-shock chest compressions before pulse check or rhythm reanalysis. The ratio of compression: ventilation is 30:2. The interruptions to deliver rescue breaths were eliminated in this stud...
Deep-Sequencing Reveals the Molecular Landscape of Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: Biological and Clinical Implications
Authors: Matthew JJ Rose-Zerilli, Marina Parry, Viktor Ljungstrom, Jane Gibson, Jun Wang, Renata Walewska, Helen Parker, Anton Parker, Zadie Davis, Anne Catherine Gardiner, Neil McIver-Brown, Christina H. Kalpadakis, Aliki Xochelli, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, Claudia Fazi, David Gonzalez de Castro, Claire Dearden, Guy Pratt, Richard Rosenquist, Margaret Ashton-Keys, Francesco Forconi, Andrew Collins, Paolo Ghia, Estella Matutes, Gerassimos A Pangalis, Kostas Stamatopoulos, David G Oscier, Jonathan C Strefford
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 1436: Sensory Loss Associated With Aging May Impair the Ability to Accurately Detect Heart Failure Symptoms
Authors: Barbara Riegel, Victoria V Dickson, Linda Worrall-Carter, Janette Cameron, Karen Page, Jerry C Johnson
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Aging is associated with sensory losses but little is known about how aging affects detection of afferent internal physical stimuli. The purpose was to assess the ability of heart failure (HF) pati...
Video Photomicroscopy
Authors: Miguel Górgolas, Juan Cuadros
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A doctor attending a teaching course on tropical medicine in Ethiopia reported severe itching at night. He noted skin lesions that appeared to be flea bites and was able to trap a flea. A video of the flea was recorded by a student with an inexpensive digital camera through the eyepiece of a microscope.
Abstract 16293: A Whole Blood RNA Signature Accurately Classifies Multiple Measures of Platelet Function on Aspirin in Healthy Volunteers and Highlights a Common Underlying Pathway
Authors: Deepak Voora, Thomas L Ortel, Joseph E Lucas, Jen-Tsan Chi, Richard C Becker, Geoffrey S Ginsburg
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Inhibition of non COX1 dependent platelet function (NCDPF) by aspirin (ASA) is variable, with few insights into underlying biology. NCDPF testing is unavailable in most patient care s...
Abstract 222: Oxidative Modification of Extracellular Matrix Proteins Alters the Hsp90 Interactome in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Hao Xu, Weiling Wang, Basam Wakim, Kirkwood A Pritchard
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Lipid peroxidation increases the production of thiol-reactive α, β-unsaturated aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). Exposure of endothelial cells (EC) to 4-HNE impairs cell function. Interestingly, heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), which interacts with a multitude of client proteins, is upregulated under conditions that promotes oxidative stress. However, to our knowledge no one has examined the effects of oxidative modification of matrix proteins on cell function. Here we hypothesize that oxidative modification of matrix perturbs EC function with respect to the hsp90 interactome. To test this hypothesis, we treated gelatin-coated culture dishes with 10 μM Linoleic Acid (LA) under conditions that promoted oxidation. Dishes were washed free of excess LA and seeded with human umbilical vein EC. Native dishes without LA treatment were used as control. The hsp90 client proteins were identified by immunoprecipitation of hsp90 and nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. Oxidative modification of gelatin caused a marked shift in the hsp90-interactome (n = 4). EC maintained on LA-treated gelatin expressed more hsp90 (1.5 X) than controls. Only ~33% of the proteins were present in both groups at similar levels. Hsp90 client proteins in EC maintained on LA-treated gelatin also had increased levels of DNA repair protein BRCA2, protein kinase Tec, protein phosphatase RPTP-rho, ubiquitin ligase Pellino 3, chaperone protein nucleophosmin, retinoic acid receptor, 2 histone deacetylases (e.g. Sin3b), 4 transcription factors (e.g. Prox1), 5 cytoskeleton protein and stress fibers (e.g. tubulin), 9 ribosomal proteins. GO analysis revealed that most of these proteins are involved in stress responses such as protein synthesis, degradation, stress fiber formation, transcription repression, DNA repair and senescence. These data show that EC enter into a stress-response status with marked alterations in the hsp90 interactome upon sensing oxidative modification of extracellular matrix proteins. Such changes may play a role in impaired anti-atherogenic responses in the vessel wall.