tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of 1-Hour Plasma Glucose During the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Vasudha Ahuja, Pasi Aronen, T.A. Pramodkumar, Helen Looker, Angela Chetrit, Aini H. Bloigu, Auni Juutilainen, Cristina Bianchi, Lucia La Sala, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Rajendra Pradeepa, Ulagamadesan Venkatesan, Sarvanan Jebarani, Viswanathan Baskar, Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino, Patrick Timpel, Ralph A. DeFronzo, Antonio Ceriello, Stefano Del Prato, Muhammad Abdul-Ghani, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Rachel Dankner, Peter H. Bennett, William C. Knowler, Peter Schwarz, Giorgio Sesti, Rie Oka, Viswanathan Mohan, Leif Groop, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Samuli Ripatti, Michael Bergman, Tiinamaija Tuomi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE One-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG) during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is an accurate predictor of type 2 diabetes. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the optimum cutoff of 1-h PG for detection of type 2 diabetes using 2-h PG as the gold standard. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 15 studies with 35,551 participants from multiple ethnic groups (53.8% Caucasian) and 2,705 newly detected cases of diabetes based on 2-h PG during OGTT. We excluded cases identified only by elevated fasting plasma glucose and/or HbA1c. We determined the optimal 1-h PG threshold and its accuracy at this cutoff for detection of diabetes (2-h PG ≥11.1 mmol/L) using a mixed linear effects regression model with different weights to sensitivity/specificity (2/3, 1/2, and 1/3). RESULTS Three cutoffs of 1-h PG, at 10.6 mmol/L, 11.6 mmol/L, and 12.5 mmol/L, had sensitivities of 0.95, 0.92, and 0.87 and specificities of 0.86, 0.91, and 0.94 at weights 2/3, 1/2, and 1/3, respectively. The cutoff of 11.6 mmol/L (95% CI 10.6, 12.6) had a sensitivity of 0.92 (0.87, 0.95), specificity of 0.91 (0.88, 0.93), area under the curve 0.939 (95% confidence region for sensitivity at a given specificity: 0.904, 0.946), and a positive predictive value of 45%. CONCLUSIONS The 1-h PG of ≥11.6 mmol/L during OGTT has a good sensitivity and specificity for detecting type 2 diabetes. Prescreening with a diabetes-specific risk calculator to identify high-risk individuals is suggested to decrease the proportion of false-positive cases. Studies including other ethnic groups and assessing complication risk are warranted.
MA01.09 Efficacy and Safety of Glembatumumab Vedotin in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung (PrECOG 0504)
Authors: S. Khan, Z. Sun, R. Pillai, S. Dahlberg, J. Malhotra, R. Keresztes, C. Ikpeazu, P. Ma, S. Ramalingam
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
EPR21-034: Epidemiology of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and Follicular Lymphoma (FL) Patients by Line of Therapy in the United States (US) and Europe (EU)
Authors: Wenzhen Ge, Jon E. Arnason, Ruben G.W. Quek, Katie Keeven, Knar Nersesyan, Gena Kanas
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

"EPR21-034: Epidemiology of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and Follicular Lymphoma (FL) Patients by Line of Therapy in the United States (US) and Europe (EU)" published on 17 Mar 2021 by National Comprehensive Cancer Network.
FP05.01 Real-World Survival Outcomes of Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Choice of Second-line Therapy
Authors: K. Kerrigan, J. Chipman, Y.J. Jo, B. Haaland, E. Johnson, S. Puri, T. Varghese, W. Akerley, S. Patel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Aging Phenotypes and Restoring Functional Deficits in Older Adults With Hematologic Malignancy
Authors: Ashley E. Rosko, Sarah Wall, Robert Baiocchi, Don M. Benson, Jonathan E. Brammer, John C. Byrd, Yvonne A. Efebera, Kami Maddocks, Kerry A. Rogers, Desiree Jones, Lara Sucheston-Campbell, Hancong Tang, Hatice Gulcin Ozer, Ying Huang, Christin E. Burd, Michelle J. Naughton
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Gauging fitness remains a challenge among older adults with hematologic malignancies, and interventions to restore function are lacking. We pilot a structured exercise intervention and novel biologic correlates of aging using epigenetic clocks and markers of immunosenescence to evaluate changes in function and clinical outcomes.Older adults (n=30) with hematologic malignancy actively receiving treatment were screened and enrolled in a 6-month exercise intervention, the Otago Exercise Programme (OEP). The impact of the OEP on geriatric assessment metrics and health-related quality of life were captured. Clinical outcomes of overall survival and hospital utilization (inpatient length of stay and emergency department use) in relationship to geriatric deficits were analyzed.Older adults (median age, 75.5 years [range, 62-83 years]) actively receiving treatment were enrolled in the OEP. Instrumental activities of daily living and physical health scores (PHS) increased significantly with the OEP intervention (median PHS: visit 1, 55 [range, 0-100]; visit 2, 70 [range, 30-100]; P<.01). Patient-reported Karnofsky performance status increased significantly, and the improvement was sustained (median [range]: visit 1, 80 [40-100]; visit 3, 90 [50-100]; P=.05). Quality of life (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System [PROMIS]) improved significantly by the end of the 6-month period (median [range]: visit 1, 32.4 [19.9-47.7]; visit 3, 36.2 [19.9-47.7]; P=.01]. Enhanced measures of gait speed and balance, using the Short Physical Performance Battery scores, were associated with a 20% decrease in risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65-0.97; P=.03) and a shorter hospital length of stay (decrease of 1.29 days; 95% CI, -2.46 to -0.13; P=.03). Peripheral blood immunosenescent markers were analyzed in relationship to clinical frailty and reports of mPhenoAge epigenetic analysis are preliminarily reported. Chronologic age had no relationship to overall survival, length of stay, or emergency department utilization.The OEP was effective in improving quality of life, and geriatric tools predicted survival and hospital utilization among older adults with hematologic malignancies.
Quality of life in patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome undergoing low-dose total skin electron beam therapy with or without maintenance therapy
Authors: Tarek Nawar, Khaled Elsayad, Elisa Christina Müller, Daniel Rolf, Rose K.C. Moritz, Eike Bormann, Carsten Weishaupt, René Stranzenbach, Rudolf Stadler, Christos Moustakis, Chalid Assaf, Elisabeth Livingstone, Cord Sunderkötter, Kerstin Steinbrink, Hans Theodor Eich
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Epidemiology of Scleritis in the United Kingdom From 1997 to 2018: Population‐Based Analysis of 11 Million Patients and Association Between Scleritis and Infectious and Immune‐Mediated Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Tasanee Braithwaite, Nicola J. Adderley, Anuradhaa Subramanian, James Galloway, John H. Kempen, Krishna Gokhale, Andrew P. Cope, Andrew D. Dick, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Alastair K. Denniston
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2021)

To estimate 22-year trends in the prevalence and incidence of scleritis, and the associations of scleritis with infectious and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (I-IMIDs) in the UK.The retrospective cross-sectional and population cohort study (1997-2018) included 10,939,823 patients (2,946 incident scleritis cases) in The Health Improvement Network, a nationally representative primary care records database. The case-control and matched cohort study (1995-2019) included 3,005 incident scleritis cases and 12,020 control patients matched by age, sex, region, and Townsend deprivation index. Data were analyzed using multivariable Poisson regression, multivariable logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, Townsend deprivation index, race/ethnicity, smoking status, nation within the UK, and body mass index. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.Scleritis incidence rates per 100,000 person-years declined from 4.23 (95% CI 2.16-6.31) to 2.79 (95% CI 2.19-3.39) between 1997 and 2018. The prevalence of scleritis per 100,000 person-years was 93.62 (95% CI 90.17-97.07) in 2018 (61,650 UK patients). Among 2,946 patients with incident scleritis, 1,831 (62.2%) were female, the mean ± SD age was 44.9 ± 17.6 years (range 1-93), and 1,257 (88.8%) were White. Higher risk of incident scleritis was associated with female sex (adjusted IRR 1.53 [95% CI 1.43-1.66], P < 0.001), Black race/ethnicity (adjusted IRR 1.52 [95% CI 1.14-2.01], P = 0.004 compared to White race/ethnicity), or South Asian race/ethnicity (adjusted IRR 1.50 [95% CI 1.19-1.90], P < 0.001 compared to White race/ethnicity), and older age (peak adjusted IRR 4.95 [95% CI 3.99-6.14], P < 0.001 for patients ages 51-60 years versus those ages ≤10 years). Compared to controls, scleritis patients had a 2-fold increased risk of a prior I-IMID diagnosis (17 I-IMIDs, P < 0.001) and significantly increased risk of subsequent diagnosis (13 I-IMIDs). The I-IMIDs most strongly associated with scleritis included granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Behçet's disease, and Sjögren's syndrome.From 1997 through 2018, the UK incidence of scleritis declined from 4.23 to 2.79/100,000 person-years. Incident scleritis was associated with 19 I-IMIDs, providing data for rational investigation and cross-specialty engagement.
Impact of the timeliness of antibiotic therapy on the outcome of patients with sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Sandra A. Asner, Florian Desgranges, Irene T. Schrijver, Thierry Calandra
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)

To review the impact of the timeliness of antibiotic therapy on the outcome of patients with sepsis or septic shock.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Open-SIGLE databases, ClinicalTrials.gov and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials on July 27, 2020 for relevant studies on the timing of antibiotic therapy in adult patients with sepsis or septic shock. The primary outcome measure was all-cause crude or adjusted mortality at reported time points.We included 35 sepsis studies involving 154,330 patients. Nineteen studies (54%) provided information on the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy in 20,062 patients of whom 16,652 patients (83%) received appropriate antibiotics. Twenty-four studies (68.6%) reported an association between time-to-antibiotics and mortality. Time thresholds associated with patient's outcome varied considerably between studies consisting of a wide range of time cutoffs (1 h, 125 min, 3 h or 6 h) in 14 studies, hourly delays (derived from the analyses of time intervals ranging from to 1 to 24 h) in 8 studies or time-to-antibiotic in 2 studies. Analyses of subsets of studies that focused on patients with septic shock (11 studies, 12,756 patients) or with sepsis (6 studies, 24,281 patients) yielded similar results.While two-thirds of sepsis studies reported an association between early administration of antibiotic therapy and patient outcome, the time-to-antibitiocs metrics varied significantly across studies and no robust time thresholds emerged.
NHS and social care need an extra £12bn to get back on track after pandemic, says think tank
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The NHS and social care systems in England need an extra £12bn (€14bn; $16.7bn) a year to recover from the covid-19 pandemic, which has undone years of progress and could result in a decade of health disruption, a think tank has warned.1

In its State of Health and Care report the Institute for Public Policy Research said that an extra 4500 avoidable deaths from cancer and 12 000 from avoidable heart attacks and strokes were expected in 2021 because of pandemic disruptions. It also said that checks on people with severe mental illness had fallen below a third of their target level, while mental health waiting lists had reached a five year high.

Parth Patel, lead author and a research fellow at the institute, said, “A …
Screening for Hearing Loss in Older Adults
Authors: Bevan Yueh, Jay F. Piccirillo
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FP14.14 Post Hoc Analyses from an Open Label, Multi-Centre, ASTRIS Trial of Efficacy of Osimertinib for CNS Metastases with T790M-Positive Advanced NSCLC
Authors: B. Ahn, J.H. Kim, S.M. Lim, S.M. Lim, H.R. Kim, M.H. Hong, B.C. Cho
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Altering the intra-liver distribution of phospholipid-free small unilamellar vesicles using temperature-dependent size-tunability
Authors: Julian Vogler, Roland Böttger, Nojoud AL Fayez, Wunan Zhang, Zhu Qin, Lukas Hohenwarter, Po-Han Chao, Elham Rouhollahi, Nida Bilal, Naliangzi Chen, Brandon Lee, Christine Chen, Brayden Wilkinson, Timothy J. Kieffer, Jayesh A. Kulkarni, Pieter R. Cullis, Dominik Witzigmann, Shyh-Dar Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2021)
Reducing Nontraumatic Lower-Extremity Amputations by 20% by 2030: Time to Get to Our Feet: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Mark A. Creager, Kunihiro Matsushita, Shipra Arya, Joshua A. Beckman, Sue Duval, Philip P. Goodney, J. Antonio T. Gutierrez, John A. Kaufman, Karen E. Joynt Maddox, Amy W. Pollak, Aruna D. Pradhan, Laurie P. Whitsel
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Nontraumatic lower-extremity amputation is a devastating complication of peripheral artery disease (PAD) with a high mortality and medical expenditure. There are ≈150 000 nontraumatic leg amputations every year in the United States, and most cases occur in patients with diabetes. Among patients with diabetes, after an ≈40% decline between 2000 and 2009, the amputation rate increased by 50% from 2009 to 2015. A number of evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PAD can reduce amputation risk. However, their implementation and adherence are suboptimal. Some racial/ethnic groups have an elevated risk of PAD but less access to high-quality vascular care, leading to increased rates of amputation. To stop, and indeed reverse, the increasing trends of amputation, actionable policies that will reduce the incidence of critical limb ischemia and enhance delivery of optimal care are needed. This statement describes the impact of amputation on patients and society, summarizes medical approaches to identify PAD and prevent its progression, and proposes policy solutions to prevent limb amputation. Among the actions recommended are improving public awareness of PAD and greater use of effective PAD management strategies (eg, smoking cessation, use of statins, and foot monitoring/care in patients with diabetes). To facilitate the implementation of these recommendations, we propose several regulatory/legislative and organizational/institutional policies such as adoption of quality measures for PAD care; affordable prevention, diagnosis, and management; regulation of tobacco products; clinical decision support for PAD care; professional education; and dedicated funding opportunities to support PAD research. If these recommendations and proposed policies are implemented, we should be able to achieve the goal of reducing the rate of nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations by 20% by 2030.
Abstract 15613: Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Improved Long-term Outcome in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Regardless of Reperfusion Time on Admission
Authors: Etsushi Kyuno, Yositaka Iso, Masahiro Sasai, Atsuo Maeda, Tokutada Sato, Takeyuki Sanbe, Hiroshi Suzuki
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Shortening reperfusion time such as door-to-balloon (DTB) time has improved the survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to investigate the significance...
Remote management of covid-19 using home pulse oximetry and virtual ward support
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh, Matthew Knight, Matt Inada-Kim, Naomi J Fulop, Jonathan Leach, Cecilia Vindrola-Padros
Journal: BMJ (2021)

What you need to know• Pulse oximeters used at home can detect hypoxia associated with acute covid-19 • Home oximetry requires clinical support, such as regular phone contact from a health professional in a virtual ward setting • More research is needed to understand the safety and effectiveness of home oximetry and to optimise service models and referral pathways Oxygen levels in covid-19Low blood oxygen-technically, hypoxaemia but usually referred to as hypoxia-can be defined as a measured oxygen saturation below 94% in the absence (or below 88% in the presence) of chronic lung disease. 1 In most patients who die of acute covid-19, the initial illness advances insidiously, sometimes with "silent hypoxia" (hypoxia without clinically perceptible symptoms of dyspnoea 2 3 ), leading to pneumonia followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome, usually in week 2. 4 The underlying pathology in covid-19 related hypoxia is probably a ventilation-perfusion mismatch, 5 caused by a combination of intrapulmonary shunting, loss of lung perfusion regulation, intravascular microthrombi, and reduced lung compliance leading to alveolar collapse. 2 6 7Many patients hospitalised with acute covid-19 have severe hypoxia. 4 7 8Hypoxia, silent hypoxia, and the need for supplementary oxygen are all independent predictors of worse outcomes in covid-19. 8 -16 Novel prognostic tools such as the 4C score have shown the importance of identifying hypoxia early, 9 17 and there are physiological reasons for managing the complication promptly and actively. 1 18For all these reasons, UK guidelines recommend that assessment and monitoring of breathless, unwell, or high risk patients with suspected covid-19 should include pulse oximetry. 19 20Guidance published in January 2021 by the World Health Organization includes a provisional recommendation for "use of pulse oximetry monitoring at home as part of a package of care, including patient and provider education and appropriate follow-up." 21PRACTICE
FP07.07 Value of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) As a Prognostic Tool for Real-World Patients Treated for Mutation-Positive Metastatic NSCLC
Authors: A. Gibson, A. Elegbede, M. Dean, R. Tudor, A. Box, I. Stukalin, D. Meyers, D.G. Bebb
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates blood–brain barrier disruption and traumatic brain injury via attenuating macrophages derived exosomes miR-21 release
Authors: Kefeng Zhai, Hong Duan, Wei Wang, Siyu Zhao, Ghulam Jilany Khan, Mengting Wang, Yuhan Zhang, Kiran Thakur, Xuemei Fang, Chao Wu, Jianbo Xiao, Zhaojun Wei
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

During the traumatic brain injury (TBI), improved expression of circulatory miR-21 serves as a diagnostic feature. Low levels of exosome-miR-21 in the brain can effectively improve neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, reduce nerve apoptosis, restore neural function and ameliorate TBI. We evaluated the role of macrophage derived exosomes-miR-21 (M-Exos-miR-21) in disrupting BBB, deteriorating TBI, and Rg1 interventions. IL-1β-induced macrophages (IIM)-Exos-miR-21 can activate NF-κB signaling pathway and induce the expressions of MMP-1, -3 and -9 and downregulate the levels of tight junction proteins (TJPs) deteriorating the BBB. Rg1 reduced miR-21-5p content in IIM-Exos (RIIM-Exos). The interaction of NMIIA-HSP90 controlled the release of Exos-miR-21, this interaction was restricted by Rg1. Rg1 could inhibit the Exos-miR-21 release in peripheral blood flow to brain, enhancing TIMP3 protein expression, MMPs proteolysis, and restricting TJPs degradation thus protected the BBB integrity. Conclusively, Rg1 can improve the cerebrovascular endothelial injury and hold the therapeutic potential against TBI disease.
The ubiquitin ligase MDM2 sustains STAT5 stability to control T cell-mediated antitumor immunity
Authors: Jiajia Zhou, Ilona Kryczek, Shasha Li, Xiong Li, Angelo Aguilar, Shuang Wei, Sara Grove, Linda Vatan, Jiali Yu, Yijian Yan, Peng Liao, Heng Lin, Jing Li, Gaopeng Li, Wan Du, Weichao Wang, Xueting Lang, Weimin Wang, Shaomeng Wang, Weiping Zou
Journal: Nature Immunology (2021)
Radiology-guided percutaneous approach is superior to EUS for performing liver biopsies
Authors: Ji Young Bang, Thomas J Ward, Shady Guirguis, Konrad Krall, Francisco Contreras, Nirag Jhala, Udayakumar Navaneethan, Robert H Hawes, Shyam Varadarajulu
Journal: Gut (2021)

Although liver biopsies (LBs) are being increasingly performed under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance, there are limited data comparing outcomes with current standard-of-care, transabdominal ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous (PC) methods. In a randomised trial, we observed that the PC, US-guided method yielded significantly more optimal specimens, defined as specimen length of 25 mm or greater and presence of at least 11 complete portal tracts, compared with the EUS-guided method (57.9% vs 23.8%, p=0.028). Also, the PC method resulted in worse initial postprocedural pain but was less costly (US$1824 vs US$3240, p<0.001).

Despite significant advances in non-invasive assessment, LB still remains the gold standard for evaluation of subacute and chronic liver diseases, whose clinical presentation can oftentimes be both confusing and challenging.1 LB is usually performed percutaneously under the guidance of real-time imaging using transabdominal US or CT, or via the transjugular approach in patients with underlying coagulopathy. More recently, endoscopists have been performing the procedure via the transgastric or transduodenal route under EUS guidance. Perceived advantages include the ability to simultaneously exclude diseases in the pancreas or bile duct, access to both the left and right lobes of the liver, and avoidance of intraprocedural pain as EUS is performed under sedation.2 While prospective single-arm and retrospective comparative studies suggest that EUS-guided LB can establish the diagnosis in more than 90% of patients and is equally successful,3 4 there are no randomised trials comparing outcomes with PC methods. Additionally, in the present era of cost containment, financial analysis is critical in healthcare decision-making, particularly for commonly indicated procedures such as LB. Therefore, we conducted a randomised trial comparing specimen quality and financial costs between PC and EUS-guided LB methods.

Eligible consecutive patients from outpatient clinics or inpatient wards were referred by hepatologists to undergo LB and were randomised to either EUS-guided …