HGG-29. A CASE OF CIRCUMSCRIBED HIGH-GRADE ASTROCYTOMA WITH ATRX AND CDKN2A/B ALTERNATIONS WHO WAS INITIALLY DIAGNOSED AS GLIOBLASTOMA AND HAS 20 YEARS SURVIVAL
Authors: Yusuke Kobayashi, Yosuke Sato, Takashi Kon, Daisuke Tanioka, Katsuyoshi Shimizu, Tohru Mizutani
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract Pediatric high-grade gliomas are rare and often hard to classify, which grow locally and show longer survival than diffuse high-grade gliomas in adults. We report a case of circumscribed high-grade astrocytoma who was initially diagnosed as glioblastoma and has 20 years survival. A 7-year-old girl suffered from epileptic seizure due to a left occipital lobe tumor. The tumor was resected in another hospital and diagnosed as glioblastoma. The tumor disappeared after extended local irradiation and chemotherapy using nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU) and cisplatin (CDDP). Eighteen years after initial onset, first recurrence was confirmed as the intra-tumoral hemorrhage. The tumor was resected and diagnosed as anaplastic oligoastrocytoma. After 6 courses of temozolomide (TMZ), the tumor disappeared. Twenty years after initial onset, the second local recurrence was confirmed. Although gamma knife and TMZ was performed, the tumor did not disappear. The tumor was surgically resected. Histopathology showed localized growth with some infiltration and mitosis but lacked pseudopallisading and microvascular proliferation. The tumor was diagnosed as circumscribed high-grade astrocytoma. Immunostaining revealed ATRX nuclear loss and CDKN2A / B homozygous deletion. After 10 courses of TMZ, the third local recurrence was confirmed. The tumor was completely removed and has not occurred recurrence more than 3 months after the last operation. Circumscribed high-grade glioma is expected to survive longer than invasive glioma. Pediatric gliomas should differ from adult gliomas in the genes of tumorigenesis. Care should be taken for its diagnosis and treatments. We also need a new classification based on histology and gene profile. HGG-30, ANALYSIS OF PEDIATRIC GLIOMAS IN OUR INSTITUTE Kaoru Tamura, Mai Fujioka, Masae Kuroha, Motoki Inaji, Yoji Tanaka, Tadashi Nariai, and Taketoshi Maehara; Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. PURPOSE: Recent advances in genetic interrogation of pediatric glioma increase the importance of molecular diagnosis using surgical specimen. However, surgical resection may be avoided to preserve quality of life, especially in brain stem glioma cases. We retrospectively examined diagnosis and treatment of pediatric gliomas in our hospital. METHODS: This study includes 14 consecutive glioma patients under the age of 18 who underwent initial treatment at our hospital from 2000 to 2019. Histopathological diagnosis, clinical course and molecular status such as IDH, H3F3A and BRAF were analyzed. RESULTS: 5 patients (1 pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), 3 diffuse astrocytomas, 1 oligodendroglioma were treated only by surgical resection (group A). 7 patients (1 PA, 1 anaplastic oligodendroglioma, 2 diffuse midline gliomas and 3 glioblastomas (GBM)) received radiation and/or chemotherapy after surgical resection (group B). 2 diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) received radiation and chemotherapy without surgical resection (Group C). No IDH mutation was observed in all pathological specimen obtained cases. BRAF alteration was observed in all PA cases. 1 case of GBM had BRAF V600Emutation and the other had H3K27M mutation. During a median of 7.7 years of follow-up, group A patients have no recurrence. Group B includes various diagnosis and prognosis. 2 group C patients diagnosed DIPG by MRI showed different clinical courses. CONCLUSION: Pediatric gliomas include diverse biological subgroups and show broad range of clinical behavior. Since pediatric glioma has a low incidence and a wide variety of genetic mutations, multicenter study is important to improve the treatment of pediatric glioma.