tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The small-molecule SMARt751 reverses <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> resistance to ethionamide in acute and chronic mouse models of tuberculosis
Authors: Marion Flipo, Rosangela Frita, Marilyne Bourotte, María S. Martínez-Martínez, Markus Boesche, Gary W. Boyle, Geo Derimanov, Gerard Drewes, Pablo Gamallo, Sonja Ghidelli-Disse, Stephanie Gresham, Elena Jiménez, Jaime de Mercado, Esther Pérez-Herrán, Esther Porras-De Francisco, Joaquín Rullas, Patricia Casado, Florence Leroux, Catherine Piveteau, Mehdi Kiass, Vanessa Mathys, Karine Soetaert, Véronique Megalizzi, Abdalkarim Tanina, René Wintjens, Rudy Antoine, Priscille Brodin, Vincent Delorme, Martin Moune, Kamel Djaout, Stéphanie Slupek, Christian Kemmer, Marc Gitzinger, Lluis Ballell, Alfonso Mendoza-Losana, Sergio Lociuro, Benoit Deprez, David Barros-Aguirre, Modesto J. Remuiñán, Nicolas Willand, Alain R. Baulard
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

The sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), to antibiotic prodrugs is dependent on the efficacy of the activation process that transforms the prodrugs into their active antibacterial moieties. Various oxidases of M. tuberculosis have the potential to activate the prodrug ethionamide. Here, we used medicinal chemistry coupled with a phenotypic assay to select the N-acylated 4-phenylpiperidine compound series. The lead compound, SMARt751, interacted with the transcriptional regulator VirS of M. tuberculosis , which regulates the mymA operon encoding a monooxygenase that activates ethionamide. SMARt751 boosted the efficacy of ethionamide in vitro and in mouse models of acute and chronic TB. SMARt751 also restored full efficacy of ethionamide in mice infected with M. tuberculosis strains carrying mutations in the ethA gene, which cause ethionamide resistance in the clinic. SMARt751 was shown to be safe in tests conducted in vitro and in vivo. A model extrapolating animal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters to humans predicted that as little as 25 mg of SMARt751 daily would allow a fourfold reduction in the dose of ethionamide administered while retaining the same efficacy and reducing side effects.
PERFORMANCE AND APPLICABILITY OF A FIRST GENERATION SINGLE-USE DUODENOSCOPE: A SINGLE-CENTER COHORT STUDY
Authors: H. van Malenstein, D. Persyn, A. Schuermans, M. Dreesen, W. Meert, K. Buysschaert, S. Van Der Merwe, W. Laleman
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims Despite standardization and optimization of disinfection protocols, duodenoscope-related infections remain an emerging threat for patients undergoing ERCP. Single-use duodenoscopes could represent a potential alternative avenue to circumvent the problem of reprocessing and thus risk of exogenous patient-to-patient transmission. In this study we tested the feasibility and technical success rate of a recently made available single-use duodenoscope.
A Rectum-Specific Selective Resection Algorithm Optimizes Oncologic Outcomes for Large Nonpedunculated Rectal Polyps
Authors: Neal Shahidi, Sergei Vosko, Sunil Gupta, Anthony Whitfield, Oliver Cronin, Timothy O’Sullivan, W. Arnout van Hattem, Mayenaaz Sidhu, David J. Tate, Eric Y.T. Lee, Nicholas Burgess, Stephen J. Williams, Michael J. Bourke
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
Development of a double shmiR lentivirus effectively targeting both BCL11A and ZNF410 for enhanced induction of fetal hemoglobin to treat β-hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Boya Liu, Christian Brendel, Divya S Vinjamur, Yu Zhou, Chad Harris, Meaghan McGuinness, John P Manis, Daniel E Bauer, Haiming Xu, David A Williams
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2022)

A promising treatment for β-hemoglobinopathies is the de-repression of γ-globin expression leading to increased fetal hemoglobin (HbF) by targeting BCL11A. Here, we aim to improve a lentivirus vector (LV) containing a single BCL11A shmiR (SS) to further increase γ-globin induction. We engineered a novel LV to express two shmiRs simultaneously targeting BCL11A and the γ-globin repressor ZNF410. Erythroid cells derived from human HSCs transduced with the double shmiR (DS) showed up to a 70% reduction of both BCL11A and ZNF410 proteins. There was a consistent and significant additional 10% increase in HbF compared to targeting BCL11A alone in erythroid cells. Erythrocytes differentiated from SCD HSCs transduced with the DS demonstrated significantly reduced in vitro sickling phenotype compared to the SS. Erythrocytes differentiated from transduced HSCs from β-thalassemia major patients demonstrated improved globin chain balance by increased γ-globin with reduced microcytosis. Reconstitution of DS-transduced cells from Berkeley SCD mice was associated with a statistically larger reduction in peripheral blood hemolysis markers compared with the SS vector. Overall, these results indicate that the DS LV targeting BCL11A and ZNF410 can enhance HbF induction for treating β-hemoglobinopathies and could be used as a model to simultaneously and efficiently target multiple gene products.
52P RNA sequencing-based single sample predictors of molecular subtype and risk of recurrence for clinical assessment of early-stage breast cancer
Authors: J. Vallon-Christersson, J. Staaf, J. Häkkinen, C. Hegardt, L. Saal, A. Ehinger, C. Larsson, N. Loman, L. Rydén, M. Malmberg, Å. Borg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Uniting biobank resources reveals novel genetic pathways modulating susceptibility for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Eeva Sliz, Laura Huilaja, Anu Pasanen, Triin Laisk, Ene Reimann, Reedik Mägi, Katariina Hannula-Jouppi, Sirkku Peltonen, Teea Salmi, Leena Koulu, Kaisa Tasanen, Johannes Kettunen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with high heritability. Previous genome-wide association studies have identified several loci predisposing to AD. These findings explain approximately 30% of the variance in AD susceptibility, suggesting that further work is required to fully understand the genetic underpinnings.ObjectiveWe sought to gain additional understanding of the genetic contribution to AD risk by using biobank resources.MethodsWe completed a genome-wide meta-analysis of AD in 796,661 individuals (Ncases = 22,474) from the FinnGen study, the Estonian Biobank, and the UK Biobank. We further performed downstream in silico analyses to characterize the risk variants at the novel loci.ResultsWe report 30 loci associating with AD (P < 5 × 10−8), 5 of which are novel. In 2 of the novel loci, we identified missense mutations with deleterious predictions in desmocollin 1 and serpin family B member 7, genes encoding proteins crucial to epidermal strength and integrity.ConclusionsThese findings elucidate novel genetic pathways involved in AD pathophysiology. The likely involvement of desmocollin 1 and serpin family B member 7 in AD pathogenesis may offer opportunities for the development of novel treatment strategies for AD in the future. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with high heritability. Previous genome-wide association studies have identified several loci predisposing to AD. These findings explain approximately 30% of the variance in AD susceptibility, suggesting that further work is required to fully understand the genetic underpinnings. We sought to gain additional understanding of the genetic contribution to AD risk by using biobank resources. We completed a genome-wide meta-analysis of AD in 796,661 individuals (Ncases = 22,474) from the FinnGen study, the Estonian Biobank, and the UK Biobank. We further performed downstream in silico analyses to characterize the risk variants at the novel loci. We report 30 loci associating with AD (P < 5 × 10−8), 5 of which are novel. In 2 of the novel loci, we identified missense mutations with deleterious predictions in desmocollin 1 and serpin family B member 7, genes encoding proteins crucial to epidermal strength and integrity. These findings elucidate novel genetic pathways involved in AD pathophysiology. The likely involvement of desmocollin 1 and serpin family B member 7 in AD pathogenesis may offer opportunities for the development of novel treatment strategies for AD in the future.
NOMENCLATURE AND SEMANTIC DESCRIPTION OF ATROPHIC LESIONS IN SMALL BOWEL CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY: AN INTERNATIONAL DELPHI CONSENSUS STATEMENT
Authors: L. Elli, B. Marinoni, P. Baltes, H. Beaumont, C. Bojarski, F. Branchi, M. Bruno, J. Buchkremer, S. Cadoni, F. Cavallaro, S. Chetcuti Zammit, X. Dray, R. Eliakim, P. Ellul, I. Fernandez Urien, M. Keuchel, S. Khater, U. Kopylov, A. Koulaouzidis, R. Leenhardt, C. Marmo, D. McNamara, A. Mussetto, A. Nemeth, E.P. Cuadrado Robles, G. Perrod, G. Rahmi, M.E. Riccioni, A. Robertson, E. Rondonotti, J.C. Saurin, R. Sidhu, C. Spada, E. Toth, G.E. Tontini, K. Triantafyllou, G.W. Johansson, A. Rimondi
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims Coeliac disease (CD) and serology negative villous atrophy represent growing indications for small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). Uniformity in reporting features of small bowel atrophy in SBCE is missing and the recognition of atrophic signs is variable. In this study we aimed to establish an international Consensus regarding nomenclature and descriptions of the main atrophic lesions.
USEFULNESS OF CONTRAST-ENHANCED ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND (CH-EUS) TO GUIDE THE TREATMENT CHOICE IN SUPERFICIAL RECTAL LESIONS: A CASE SERIES
Authors: G. Gibiino, M. Sbrancia, C. Binda, C. Coluccio, L. Saragoni, C. Fabbri
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims Large rectal lesions can conceal submucosal invasion and cancer nodules. Despite the increasing diffusion of high-definition endoscopes in the Western countries and the importance of an accurate morphological evaluation, a complete assessment in this setting can be challenging.
In search of the Holy Grail: identifying the best PEEP in ventilated patients
Authors: Luciano Gattinoni, John J. Marini
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2022)

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been interwoven with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) since its first description by Ashbaugh et al. [1].Thereafter, the potentially competing effects of PEEP on lung volume, gas-exchange, and hemodynamics were quickly recognized, prompting the first proposals for methods to optimize PEEP in the clinical setting.Eight years after the term ARDS was minted, a seminal study by Suter et al. [2] defined "optimal PEEP" as the value associated with best respiratory compliance.That level was associated with the best oxygen delivery and dead space reduction, even though PaO 2 continued to increase at PEEP levels higher than the compliance-defined optimum.This thoughtful approach was based not only on arterial "oxygenation", but also on hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics.Subsequent research regarding "best PEEP" has resembled the search for the "Holy Grail", and has developed sequentially along three main lines: oxygenation, lung mechanics, and clinical trials (Fig. 1).
OVERSTITCHTM ENDOSCOPIC SUTURING SYSTEM FOR GASTROINTESTINAL APPLICATIONS: INITIAL RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER EUROPEAN REGISTRY
Authors: R. Maselli, R. Palma, M. Traina, A. Granata, D. Juzgado, M. Bisello, H. Neuhaus, T. Beyna, D. Bansi, L. Prades, P. Bhandari, M. Abdelrahim, A. Haji, A. Gubbiotti, R. Haidry, A. Repici
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims OverStitch Endoscopic suturing devices are currently used for a wide range of applications.Recently a new single-channel version has been introduced,OverStitch-SxTM.A European registry was created to prospectively collect technical and clinical data regarding both OverStitchTMand OverStitch-SxTM Systems,in order to provide procedural outcomes and find correlation between procedural characteristics and outcomes.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS AND INTRAGASTRIC BALLOON
Authors: M. Sina, F. Bilaj, X. Pemaj, S. Prifti, A. Hysa
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide; it has become a major health problem even in low to middle income countries. Intragastric balloon (IGB) has been confirmed as an effective weight loss treatment. We aim to present a case of acute pancreatitis following IGB insertion.
Correction to: Evaluating interventions and adjuncts to optimize pregnancy outcomes in subfertile women: an overview review
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2022)

A review of intrauterine administration of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in women aged 35-45 years old with a history of recurrent implantation failure suggested a reduction in miscarriage rate compared to controls (OR 0.42 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.77), 2 RCTs, 225 women), but the RCTs included were of very low-quality data (Pourmoghadam et al., 2020).
Polygenic risk scores for CARDINAL study
Authors: Clement A. Adebamowo, Adebowale Adeyemo, Adeyinka Ashaye, Onoja M. Akpa, Tinashe Chikowore, Ananyo Choudhury, Yasmina J. Fakim, Segun Fatumo, Neil Hanchard, Michael Hauser, Braxton Mitchell, Nicola Mulder, Solomon F. Ofori-Acquah, Mayowa Owolabi, Michèle Ramsay, Bamidele Tayo, Archana Bhavani VasanthKumar, Yuji Zhang, Sally N. Adebamowo
Journal: Nature Genetics (2022)
ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY IN CENTENARIANS
Authors: H. Hisai, T. Sakurai, Y. Koshiba, H. Sakano, D. Watanabe
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is effective in the diagnosis and treatment of various pancreaticobiliary diseases. However, no studies have been available concerning the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of ERCP in centenarians.
The functional roles of the circRNA/Wnt axis in cancer
Authors: Chen Xue, Ganglei Li, Qiuxian Zheng, Xinyu Gu, Zhengyi Bao, Juan Lu, Lanjuan Li
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract CircRNAs, covalently closed noncoding RNAs, are widely expressed in a wide range of species ranging from viruses to plants to mammals. CircRNAs were enriched in the Wnt pathway. Aberrant Wnt pathway activation is involved in the development of various types of cancers. Accumulating evidence indicates that the circRNA/Wnt axis modulates the expression of cancer-associated genes and then regulates cancer progression. Wnt pathway-related circRNA expression is obviously associated with many clinical characteristics. CircRNAs could regulate cell biological functions by interacting with the Wnt pathway. Moreover, Wnt pathway-related circRNAs are promising potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and treatment. In our review, we summarized the recent research progress on the role and clinical application of Wnt pathway-related circRNAs in tumorigenesis and progression.
OUTCOMES OF ENDOSCOPIC SLEEVE GASTROPLASTY IN THE ELDER POPULATION
Authors: M.V. Matteo, V. Bove, V. Pontecorvi, M. De Siena, G. Carlino, C. Massari, N. Antonini, G. Giannetti, G. Costamagna, I. Boskoski
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims With the aging of the population and the epidemic spread of obesity, the frequency of elder individuals with obesity is steadily growing. In this case series, we evaluate for the first time the short and medium-term outcomes of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) in obese patients aged 65 years and older.
CONTRIBUTION OF ROUTINE DUODENAL BIOPSIES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CELIAC DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Authors: A. Hassine, S. Mrabet, R. Tabbabi, R. Harbi, I. Akkari, A. Hassine, E. Ben Jazia
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims Celiac disease(CD)is a well-known cause of iron deficiency anemia(IDA).Histological examination is a corner-stone in reaching the diagnosis.The aim of our study is to assess the role of duodenal-biopsies in patients presenting with IDA and to examine the prevalence of CD in these patients.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY: A BINARY CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL APPROACH FOR THE AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF ULCERS AND EROSIONS
Authors: M. Mascarenhas Saraiva, J. Afonso, T. Ribeiro, J. Ferreira, P. Andrade, H. Cardoso, M.N. Mascarenhas Saraiva, S. Lopes, G. Macedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims Ulcers and erosions are frequent findings in capsule endoscopy (CE) exams. CE is a key element in the follow up of patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD). Nevertheless, reading capsule endoscopy exams is time-consuming and prone to errors. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are artificial intelligence tools with high performance levels in image analysis. This study aims to develop a CNN-based model for automatic identification of ulcers and erosions in CE images.
RESULTS AND FOLLOW-UP OF RECTAL LESION SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION(ESD) PERFORMED AT A REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN ITALY
Authors: S. Ghersi, A. Cappello, M. Bassi, S. Landi, E. Dabizzi, V. Cennamo
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims Our aim is to emphasize the negligible rate of local recurrence after curative ESD, and to stress the importance of planning the colonoscopy at the same referral hospital in the follow-up period.
HIGH ACCURACY OF DEEP LEARNING BASED AUTOMATIC POLYP CHARACTERIZATION IN REAL-TIME DURING COLONOSCOPY
Authors: A. Benson, H. Jacob, L. Katz, H. Shirin, R. Hazzan, A. Kahloon, P. Siersema, H. Neumann, M. Landsman, T. Berzin, S. Ngamruengphon
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims Automatic polyp characterization (APC) during colonoscopy may enable endoscopists to determine histologic type of polyps more accurately. The MAGENTIQ-COLO is an artificial intelligence (AI) system that includes real-time polyp detection, size estimation, and APC. The purpose of this study was to assess polyp characterization performance.
Surveillance systems to monitor antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a global, systematic review, 1 January 2012 to 27 September 2020
Authors: Nicholas A Medland, Ye Zhang, Praveena Gunaratnam, David A Lewis, Basil Donovan, David M Whiley, Rebecca J Guy, John M Kaldor
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Background Effective surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is required for the early detection of resistant strains and to ensure that treatment guidelines are appropriate for the setting in which they are implemented. AMR in N. gonorrhoeae has been identified as a global health threat. Aim We performed a systematic review to identify and describe surveillance systems targeting AMR in N. gonorrhoeae . Methods We searched Medline, PubMed, Global Health, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and ProQuest databases and grey literature between 1 January 2012 and 27 September 2020. Surveillance systems were defined as the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of N. gonorrhoeae resistance data. The key components of surveillance systems were extracted, categorised, described and summarised. Results We found 40 publications reporting on N. gonorrhoeae AMR surveillance systems in 27 countries and 10 multi-country or global surveillance reports. The proportion of countries with surveillance systems in each of the WHO's six regions ranged from one of 22 countries in the Eastern Mediterranean and five of 54 in Africa, to three of 11 countries in South East Asia. Only four countries report systems which are both comprehensive and national. We found no evidence of a current surveillance system in at least 148 countries. Coverage, representativeness, volume, clinical specimen source, type and epidemiological information vary substantially and limit interpretability and comparability of surveillance data for public health action. Conclusion Globally, surveillance for N. gonorrhoeae AMR is inadequate and leaves large populations vulnerable to a major public health threat.
THE USE OF HYOSCINE BUTYLBROMIDE IMPROVES SESSILE SERRATED LESION DETECTION
Authors: N. O'Morain, J. Doherty, R. Stack, B. Nolan, E. Joy, O. Casey, H. Mulcahy, M. Buckley, J. Sheridan, E. McDermott, G. Doherty, G. Cullen, G. Horgan
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims Sessile serrated lesions (SSL) are significant precursors of the alternative serrated neoplasia pathway. Achieving key performance indicators (KPI) in colonoscopy increases the detection of premalignant lesions. The SSL detection rate (SSLDR) is not currently recognised as a KPI, with no agreed minimal SSLDR. Data on the impact of Hyoscine Butylbromide (HB) on adenoma detection is conflicting. This study aimed to report the SSL detection rate over time and identify factors associated with increasing SSL detection.
COMBINATION OF THROUGH-THE-SCOPE BALLON, TRANSPARENT CAP AND OVERTUBE TO REMOVE A MIGRATED SELF-EXPANDING METAL STENT DISTAL TO A TIGHT ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE
Authors: K. Mönkemüller, A. Alvaro Martínez-Alcalá
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 55-year-old male underwent placement of a fully-covered-self-expanding-metal-stent for benign esophageal stenosis at an outside hospital, which migrated distally and a second fcSEMS was inserted, dislodging as well. The patient was referred to our unit. The proximal stent had migrated proximally and was removed using a forceps. To remove the distal fcSEMS we dilated the tight stenosis using an over-the-wire, through-the-scope, controlled-radial-expansion balloon, inserted an overtube and placed a transparent cap on the scope. This triple-combined technique allowed to pull the fcSEMS into the cap and through-the-overtube, preventing perforation during the passage of the stent through the freshly dilated stenosis.
Comparative effects of mRNA vaccine booster and natural Omicron infection on the neutralizing antibody response
Authors: Chloé Dimeglio, Marion Migueres, Sabine Chapuy-Regaud, Isabelle Da-Silva, Isabelle Jougla, Claire Pradere, Marion Porcheron, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Catherine Lougarre, Fabrice Herin, Jacques Izopet
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Supporting Innovation in Medicaid Policy — Interventions to Increase Adoption of RCTs
Authors: Jacob Wallace, Julia Smith, Atheendar Venkataramani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Randomized, controlled trials remain underutilized within the Medicaid program, even though state Medicaid programs regularly implement new policies that require evaluation. What are the key barriers to implementing RCTs in Medicaid, and how can we increase their use?
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO QUANTIFY VILLOUS ATROPHY DURING CAPSULE ENTEROSCOPY
Authors: L. Elli, M.M. Ciulla, L. Scaramella, N. Nandi, A. Rimondi, M. Maregatti, G.E. Tontini, F. Cavallaro, R. Penagini, M. Vecchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims To develop an image processing algorithm based on capsule enteroscopy (CE) CapsoCam (CapsoVision, Cupertino, CA, USA) lateral panoramic view to quantify villous atrophy.
MAGNET AND WIRE REMODELING FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANDY CANE SYNDROME: FIRST CASE-SERIES OF A NEW APPROACH
Authors: R. Rio-Tinto, F. Huberland, P. Van Ouytse, C. Delattre, S. Dugardeyn, N. Cauche, A. Delchambre, J. Devière, D. Blero
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims Candy cane syndrome (CCS) is a complication after gastrectomy or gastric by-pass and end-to-side anastomosis to a jejunal loop. Preferential passage of food to the blind loop induces early satiety, pain, and regurgitation. An endoscopic device that combines two magnets and a self-retractable wire was designed to perform progressive septotomy with marsupialization. We evaluated the clinical safety and efficacy of this treatment in CCS.
ASSESSMENT OF SUBMUCOSAL LAYER QUALITY OF COLORECTAL EMR VERSUS ESD SPECIMENS – A PILOT STUDY
Authors: N. Clees, F. Rodriguez-Monaco, A. Varnai-Händel, R. Hildenbrand, K.E. Grund, K. Metter, F.L. Dumoulin
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Aims Analysis of submucosal invasion depth is important to adequately predict lymph node metastasis risk after endoscopic resection of early colorectal cancer. Little is known about the quality of submucosal layer in specimens obtained by standard EMR or ESD. Here, we compare morphometric data on submucosal layer quality in routine histopathology specimens from EMR versus ESD.