tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17321: Long-Term Exposures to Air Pollutants and Risk of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease, a Nationwide 10-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Ming-Shun Hsieh, Chorng-Kuang How, Pau-Chung Chen
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Objective: Many studies had reported the association between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases. In this current study, we aimed to evaluate the risk of long-term exposure to air pollution (PM2.5, CO and NO2) to the development of PAOD. Methods: We linked two nation-scale databases, the national health insurance database and the air quality-monitoring database of Taiwan to conduct this cohort study between 2003 and 2013. Cox proportional regression with time-dependent model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) of air pollutants to PAOD. The residential areas were divided into four categories according to the daily average concentration of air pollutants, Q1 to Q4 (Q4 = the worst). The cumulative incidence of PAOD was examined by the Kaplain-Meier analysis with log-rank test. Results: A total of 1,598 PAOD cases were identified during the follow-up period with 98,540 non-PAOD ones (demographic characteristics were showed in Table 1). In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, urbanization level, residential area, baseline comorbidities, and drug use, the adjusted HRs were that PM2.5 = 1.14 (95% CI 1.13-1.16), NO2 = 1.03 (95% CI 1.02-1.04), and CO = 2.35 (95% CI 1.95-2.84), respectively (Table 2). The Kaplain-Meier analysis showed that CO concentration was strongly associated with cumulative incidence rate of PAOD during the follow-up period (Figure 1). Conclusion: Besides of well-known risk factors, air pollutants may also play a potential role in PAOD pathogenesis.
Bacterial infection disrupts established germinal center reactions through monocyte recruitment and impaired metabolic adaptation
Authors: Adi Biram, Jingjing Liu, Hadas Hezroni, Natalia Davidzohn, Dominik Schmiedel, Eman Khatib-Massalha, Montaser Haddad, Amalie Grenov, Sacha Lebon, Tomer Meir Salame, Nili Dezorella, Dotan Hoffman, Paula Abou Karam, Moshe Biton, Tsvee Lapidot, Mats Bemark, Roi Avraham, Steffen Jung, Ziv Shulman
Journal: Immunity (2022)
Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Patients With Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Milena Cioana, Jiawen Deng, Ajantha Nadarajah, Maggie Hou, Yuan Qiu, Sondra Song Jie Chen, Angelica Rivas, Laura Banfield, Haifa Alfaraidi, Ahlam Alotaibi, Lehana Thabane, M. Constantine Samaan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> The prevalence of pediatric type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing globally. Girls with T2D are at risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the prevalence of PCOS among girls with T2D is unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the prevalence of PCOS in girls with T2D and to assess the association of obesity and race with this prevalence. <h3>Data Sources</h3> In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science: Conference Proceedings Citation Index–Science, and the gray literature were searched from inception to April 4, 2021. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Two reviewers independently screened for studies with observational study design that recruited 10 or more participants and reported the prevalence of PCOS in girls with T2D. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Risk of bias was evaluated using a validated tool, and level of evidence was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed. This study follows the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guideline. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The main outcome of this systematic review was the prevalence of PCOS in girls with T2D. Secondary outcomes included assessing the associations of obesity and race with PCOS prevalence. <h3>Results</h3> Of 722 screened studies, 6 studies involving 470 girls with T2D (mean age at diagnosis, 12.9-16.1 years) met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence (weighted percentage) of PCOS was 19.58% (95% CI, 12.02%-27.14%;<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 74%;<i>P</i> = .002). Heterogeneity was moderate to high; however, it was significantly reduced after excluding studies that did not report PCOS diagnostic criteria, leading to a calculated prevalence (weighted percentage) of 24.04% (95% CI, 15.07%-33.01%;<i>I2</i> = 0%;<i>P</i> = .92). Associations with obesity and race could not be determined because of data paucity. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this meta-analysis, approximately 1 in 5 girls with T2D had PCOS, but the results of this meta-analysis should be considered with caution because studies including the larger numbers of girls did not report the criteria used to diagnose PCOS, which is a challenge during adolescence. The associations of obesity and race with PCOS prevalence among girls with T2D need further evaluation to help define at-risk subgroups and implement early assessment and treatment strategies to improve management of this T2D-related comorbidity.
Psychotropic drugs.
Authors: P. Leyburn
Journal: BMJ (1968)

or any other drugs.A further liver biops) (percutaneous) was performed in April 1967 and showed marked sinusoidal congestion with disappearance of parenchymal cells around the central veins.Fibrosis was less marked than in the previous biopsy, and the lobular architecture was maintained.A small hepatic vein showed eccentric fibrous thickening of its intimal coat diminishing the lumen of the vessel by about one-third.A central vein was similarly partly occluded.At this time liver function tests were normal apart from alkaline phosphatase 27 King-Armstrong units and bromsulphalein retention 19% at 30 minutes.Her health is now excellent, she has gained 1 stone (6.4 kg.) in weight, there has been no recurrence of abdominal pain or swelling, and her liver is only just palpable.-Weare, etc.,
The role of spatial transcriptomic profiling to determine androgen receptor signaling and immune infiltration in prostate cancer
Authors: Parth Patel, Srinivas Nallandhighal, David Scoville, Lynn Tran, Brittney Cotta, Aaron M. Udager, Arvind Rao, Ganesh S. Palapattu, Vipulkumar Dadhania, Sethu Pitchiaya, Simpa Salami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

272 Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) in the transition zone (TZ) accounts for approximately 30% of disease and tends to present with higher PSAs with a lower risk of seminal vesicle invasion, extra-capsular extension, and risk of biochemical recurrence compared with peripheral zone (PZ) tumors. The underlying biological mechanism for these differences is poorly understood. Here, we performed spatial transcriptomic profiling to elucidate the molecular differences between TZ and PZ PCa. Methods: We identified three patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for PCa (one each with PZ only, TZ only, and both PZ and TZ tumors) and used the NanoString’s Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) platform to quantify whole transcriptomic gene expression data (17,128 genes) in multiple regions of interest (ROI) per patient (42 cancer and 8 normal samples). Four morphology markers to facilitate ROI selection in both cancer and normal areas (SYTO13 for nucleus, PanCK for epithelium, SMA for stroma and CD45 for immune cells) were selected. Raw counts for 17,128 genes were imported to R v.4.1.0 for downstream data analyses. Counts were Q3 normalized and scaled (Z-score) to enable plotting of all genes on the same axes. Differential gene expression analysis using a linear model fit by empirical Bayes moderation, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) by cancer hallmarks, XCell gene sets for pathway enrichment and immune cell deconvolution using CIBERSORT was performed. Results: There were grade group (GG) 4 (n=10) and 5 (n=10) tumors in PZ and GG 3 (n=10), 4 (n=11) and 5 (n=1) cancers in TZ regions. We observed distinct gene expression profiles between PZ (n = 20) and TZ (n=22) tumors. Interestingly, androgen receptor (AR) signaling was significantly higher in TZ PCa ROIs compared to PZ ROIs in both GSEA (false discovery rate &lt; 5%) and the androgen subcomponent of the genomic prostate score (p&lt;0.001), regardless of grade, epithelial, stromal or immune component of the region. To standardize the comparison, CIBERSORT’s absolute immune signature scores were only computed for GG4 tumors and found to be significantly higher in PZ GG4 tumors compared to TZ GG4 tumors. Notably, CD4+ memory T cells were significantly higher in PZ GG4 regions compared to TZ GG4 tumor regions (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate distinct gene expression profiles of PZ and TZ PCa. Specifically, we observed higher AR signaling in TZ cancers and higher levels of immune infiltration on PZ cancers. This is in concordance with prior knowledge that TZ tumors may be associated with higher serum PSA and PZ tumors may be associated with inflammation. Further studies are needed to discern the biological and clinical significance of the different molecular features of PZ and TZ PCa.
General Remarks on the Practice of Medicine
Authors: P. M. Latham
Journal: BMJ (1862)

Difflcdlties and Anomalies of Practical Experience.Eup&cvw 6 LaTrpor epwTvlets roV 5&8UaTcKAov, rap' eraieuO)7, 7rappa 7r xppovT, f-. (Stobei.
Dexamethasone and Number of Days Alive Without Life Support in Adults With COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxemia—Reply
Authors: Marie W. Munch, Anders Granholm, Anders Perner
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hospital Medicine in Real Terms
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17030: Multi-Center Prevalent and Incident Cohorts Replicate ST2 as a Biomarker of Disease Progression in PAH and is Associated With Right Heart Failure
Authors: Jeremy A Mazurek, Jeremy Boxer, Dana P McGlothlin, Paul R Forfia, Alan H Wu, Teresa De Marco, J E Rame
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is defined by elevation in PA pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) resulting in right ventricular (RV) failure and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Prior studies have evaluated invasive hemodynamic and biomarker parameters of PAH progression and prognostication, including the prognostic role of ST2, a member of the IL-1 receptor family, which is upregulated in cardiopulmonary disease, including PAH. Hypothesis: Serum ST2 (sST2), is upregulated and prognostic of transplant free survival in PAH in 2 independent cohorts and is associated with parameters of RV function. Methods: The primary cohort comprised 191 largely prevalent PAH patients from the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) with 41 largely incident PAH patients from the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) in the validation cohort. The primary outcome was transplant free survival. The Presage high sensitivity ELISA was used to measure sST2. Results: The UCSF cohort was 72% female, mean age 50±15 years, 25% idiopathic &amp; 25% connective tissue disease-PAH (CTD-PAH). Those with sST2 &gt; median (32.5 (21.9, 53.0) U/ml) had decreased semi-quantitative RV function (p=0.0003) by echo and increased right atrial pressure ([RAP]; 11.5 vs. 8.0 mmHg, p=0.003) and decreased cardiac index ([CI]; 2.23 vs. 2.45 L/min/m2, p=0.04), vs. sST2 ≤ median. Patients with sST2 ≤ median had significantly increased survival compared to those with sST2 &gt; median (figure). The Penn cohort was 70% female, mean age 56±11 years, 54% idiopathic &amp; 26% CTD-PAH. Median sT2 was 34 (21.7, 45.5) U/ml with those &gt; median having significantly increased RAP (10.5 vs. 6.2 mmHg), mean PAP (53.3 vs. 39.8 mmHg) and PVR (12.7 vs. 6.0 WU), and lower CI (2.21 vs. 3.05 L/min/m2) (all p-values&lt;0.05). Transplant free survival was significantly higher in those with sST2 ≤ median vs. &gt; median (figure). Conclusions: In 2 independent PAH cohorts, sST2 is predictive of survival and serves as a marker of invasive parameters of RV failure. That sST2 is associated with differences in mean PAP and PVR in the largely incident Penn cohort, as compared to the prevalent UCSF cohort, warrants further study, as does the mechanism behind the robust association of ST2 and PAH.
Abstract 324: An Engineered Protein as an Antidote for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning That Can Reverse Cardiovascular Collapse Through Scavenging of Carbon Monoxide and Rescue of Mitochondrial Respiration
Authors: Jason J Rose, Qinzi Xu, Kaitlin A Bocian, Timothy N Bachman, Jian Hu, Ling Wang, Ivan Azarov, Xueyin N Huang, Catherine G Corey, Danielle Guimaraes, Charles F McTiernan, Christopher P O’Donnell, Ana L Mora, Jesus Tejero, Sruti Shiva, Mark T Gladwin
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) is the most common human poisoning. There is no antidote. One-third of hospitalized patients will have cardiac dysfunction and increased mortality. Little is known about the nature of cardiovascular dysfunction during acute CO poisoning. CO toxicity results from: (1) global hypoxia and decreased oxygen delivery through CO binding to hemoglobin, (2) inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation from CO binding to cytochrome c oxidase, and (3) ensuing superoxide injury. We have developed a recombinant neuroglobin molecule (rNgb) with a high affinity for CO, that can chelate CO from intrinsic heme proteins. Hypothesis: The addition of rNgb will scavenge CO from hemoglobin and cytochrome c oxidase, reversing CO-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. Methods: We inserted micromanometer-tip catheters into the left ventricle of ventilated, severely CO poisoned mice to study the mechanisms of CO-induced cardiovascular collapse. In a similar model, we measured blood pressure and heart rate of severely CO poisoned, ventilated mice through a carotid arterial catheter and treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or rNgb. Hearts were isolated from these mice and we measured tissue respiration using a Clark-type oxygen electrode. We compared the respiration rates of these animals and compared with non-poisoned, sedated control mice. We also compared the enzymatic activity of electron transport chain complexes. Results and Conclusions: When compared to control mice (exposed to 21% oxygen/no CO), CO poisoned mice develop a decreased contractility index (-32.3% baseline vs. -10.8% in control, t-test, p=0.002), hypotension and death, indicating primary cardiac toxicity. CO-poisoned mice treated with PBS had heart tissue respiration that was 62.3% (+/- 7.5%) of sedated control mice (t-test, P=0.015). Treatment of mice with rNgb restored tissue respiration (P=0.037 versus PBS treated mice) similar to control values. CO poisoning reduced the activity level of complex IV in PBS treated mice (P=0.011), but levels were similar to control in rNgb treated mice. These molecular changes were associated with reversal of cardiovascular collapse in rNgb treated mice versus PBS, demonstrating the potential of rNgb as a CO poisoning antidote.
General Remarks on the Practice of Medicine
Authors: P. M. Latham
Journal: BMJ (1862)

Further Rermtarks on Practical Experience.Expe- rience comes from Experiments.Shiewn in the Treatment of Acute Disease-as Pzeumontia.Atnd of Chronic Disease-as Pulmonary Consumption.How supervening Accidents make the Treatment of Diseases more Experimental.In (so called) " Ex- pectant Medicine", no sound Experience attainable but by Experiments with? the Simbplest Remedies.THE highest praise which the world has to bestow upon the physician is that he is experienced.There must, therefore, be a good deal worth knowing about this experience, which is deemed his characteristic excellence; as, how he goes to work in search of it, and how he gains it, experimenting after his manner, and with whatever helps of science he can muster, or with none at all; but still experimenting.For in Medicine nothing that deserves the name of expe.. rience can be otherwise gained than by what deserves the name of experiment.According to the common notion, experiment is usually concerned with inert matter, or, at all events, with things which have not life.But we need not hesitate to transfer it to vital actions and processes.Medical practice satisfies the requirements of an ex- periment, when it puts the vital frame, with which we have to do, under conditions of our own choosing, and takes note of the results.The sum of these results becomes our experience.And this is sug- gestive of future experiments in eddem materid, how best to set about them, how best to conduct them, and the fittest means and instruments to employ upon them.These experiments are, in fact, the practice of physic, perfecting itself by use, and con- summated in experience.His experience is each physician's depository of whatever principles, plans, and means he possesses for executing his future ex- periments; his foundations to work upon, his dia- grains to work by, and his tools to work with.Now the practice of medicine, when it is engazed in treating disease, acute disease especially, comes pretty near the current idea of an experiment.There is, then, always something within view and within reach, taken for the immediate object of ex- periment, and so taken because it is within view and within reach.Also there is test and trial made of things one by one, and note taken of single conse- quences and effects as they arise urLder our hands, promising, promoting,, and ending in the ultimate effect, which is the departure of disease and restora- tion to health.But, in curing disease, the currenit idea of an ex- periment is upon the whole less apparent.The one ultimate effect is the thing contemplated, and the thing aimed at by the remedy.There are no tests or trials of thin(gs one by one preparatorily, no note of single consequences and effects intermediately.Yet, when the one utltimate effect is near at hand, and follows rapidly uponi the use of the remedy, as
Homoeopathic medicine.
Authors: H W Boyd
Journal: BMJ (1979)

this is rarely of clinical significance except in malnourished or geriatric patients.Unlike earlier analogues, and owing to a mainly enterohepatic excretion, the plasma clearance of minocycline is largely independent of renal function.Recent papers' 2 indicate that uraemia is not exacerbated if minocycline is used in cases of renal insufficiency.Finally, we are not aware of anything in the published literature to support the theory that this case of interstitial nephritis had anything but a temporal association with minocycline.
From the Centers for Disease Control. Vaccine-preventable diseases among adults: standards for adult immunization practice
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal