tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic injectable hydrogel microspheres with enhanced lubrication and controllable drug release for the treatment of osteoarthritis
Authors: Ying Han, Jielai Yang, Weiwei Zhao, Haimang Wang, Yulong Sun, Yuji Chen, Jing Luo, Lianfu Deng, Xiangyang Xu, Wenguo Cui, Hongyu Zhang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

The occurrence of osteoarthritis (OA) is highly associated with the reduced lubrication property of the joint, where a progressive and irreversible damage of the articular cartilage and consecutive inflammatory response dominate the mechanism. In this study, bioinspired by the super-lubrication property of cartilage and catecholamine chemistry of mussel, we successfully developed injectable hydrogel microspheres with enhanced lubrication and controllable drug release for OA treatment. Particularly, the lubricating microspheres ([email protected]) were fabricated by dip coating a self-adhesive polymer (DMA-MPC, synthesized by free radical copolymerization) on superficial surface of photo-crosslinked methacrylate gelatin hydrogel microspheres (GelMA, prepared via microfluidic technology), and encapsulated with an anti-inflammatory drug of diclofenac sodium (DS) to achieve the dual-functional performance. The tribological test and drug release test showed the enhanced lubrication and sustained drug release of the [email protected] microspheres. In addition, the functionalized microspheres were intra-articularly injected into the rat knee joint with an OA model, and the biological tests including qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining assay, X-ray radiography and histological staining assay all revealed that the biocompatible microspheres provided significant therapeutic effect against the development of OA. In summary, the injectable hydrogel microspheres developed herein greatly improved lubrication and achieved sustained local drug release, therefore representing a facile and promising technique for the treatment of OA.
Paradoxical and pseudoparadoxical interventricular septal motion in patients with right ventricular volume overload.
Authors: MFeneley, TGavaghan
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Cross-sectional echocardiographic measurements of normalized septal curvature (NSC), systolic anterior motion of the center of the left ventricular cavity (CAM), and the M mode ratio of left ventricular posterior wall epicardial motion (PEM) to posterior wall thickening (PWT) were made in eight normal subjects, 16 patients with right ventricular volume overload (RVVO) and five with pressure overload (RVPO). Paradoxical M mode septal motion was confined to early systole in six patients with RVVO (group I) and was sustained in 10 (group II). Similar end-diastolic septal flattening was observed in RVVO group I (NSC 0.50 +/- 0.16 [SD]) and group II (0.49 +/- 0.23) when compared with the normal group (0.83 +/- 0.07, both p less than .005). NSC increased in both RVVO groups during the first one-third of systole (p less than .002) to values not significantly different from normal, but did not change significantly thereafter. CAM in RVVO group II (5.4 +/- 2.2 mm) exceeded CAM in both the normal group (1.8 +/- 1.9...
Exacerbation of reperfusion arrhythmias by sudden oxidant stress.
Authors: YKusama, MBernier, D JHearse
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

A burst of free oxygen radical production has been demonstrated during the early moments of reperfusion, coincident with the onset of reperfusion arrhythmias, which can be attenuated by antioxidants. We have investigated whether a sudden burst of oxidant stress, superimposed on that occurring during reperfusion, can exacerbate reperfusion arrhythmias. Rat hearts (n = 12/group) were subjected to 12 minutes of aerobic perfusion; during the last 2 minutes, rose bengal (1 mumol/l) was added to the perfusion fluid. Then, regional ischemia was induced, and rose bengal-free perfusion was restored. After 5 minutes of ischemia, reperfusion was initiated for 5 minutes, and during the first 30 seconds of reperfusion, hearts were uniformly illuminated (8,500 lux) with green light (530-590 nm). The photoactivation of rose bengal trapped in the tissue, producing singlet oxygen and superoxide, resulted in an exacerbation of reperfusion arrhythmias. Thus, 92% of hearts developed ventricular premature beats, 83% ventricul...
Upper respiratory tract infections: etiology, current treatment, and experience with fluoroquinolones
Authors: Javier Garau, Beatrix Barry, Jean-Paul Butzler, Ron Dagan, Stephen I. Pelton
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (1998)

The most significant upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are sinusitis, otitis media and pharyngitis. All three are frequent causes of morbidity, especially chronic sinusitis in adults and otitis media in children. The need for knowledge of the causative pathogens and of evolving drug resistance patterns is the framework on which appropriate treatment decisions can be made and the focus of this paper.
Accuracy of volume determination by two-dimensional echocardiography: defining requirements under controlled conditions in the ejecting canine left ventricle.
Authors: J LWeiss, L WEaton, C HKallman, W LMaughan
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiographic left ventricular volume measurement in an isolated heart preparation was tested using Simpson's reconstruction of progressively fewer short-axis cross sections of known location. Echocardiographic images from five ejecting hearts submerged in a special tank were obtained under conditions designed for maximal accuracy of echocardiographic volume assessment. Echocardiographic determinations of 52 volumes at various times throughout the cardiac cycle were compared, by least-squares linear regression, with simultaneous direct-volume measurements by volumetric chamber (range 9.4-44.8 ml). Echocardiographic and direct measurements correlated well for all numbers of cross sections from 1-19 (r = 0.84-0.97); however, variability of direct volume predicted from a given echocardiographic measurement increased nonlinearly as the number of cross sections per heart decreased, and was especially large when three or fewer cross sections were used (SEE = 4.6-7 ml). The ac...
Should all casualty radiographs be reviewed?
Authors: G. de Lacey, L. Berman
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as a complication of treatment with gold SIR,-We would like to make two points about this paper by Dr M Cohen and colleagues (20 April, p 1179).Firstly, it would seem inappropriate to continue gold therapy in the face of wheezing and rash after each injection.Secondly, they make no mention of the results of tests for rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibody.Were the changes in the hand radiograph that they describe as "compatible with rheumatoid arthritis" erosive or was there evidence only of periarticular osteo- porosis?Is it possible that the patient had systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus overlap?The information given in the report is insufficient to exclude this possibility.Detailed documentation of such cases is vital in view of the widespread use of gold in rheumatoid arthritis.
Use of Stay-at-Home Orders and Mask Mandates to Control COVID-19 Transmission — Blackfeet Tribal Reservation, Montana, June–December 2020
Authors: Caroline Q. Pratt, Anna N. Chard, Rosaula LaPine, K. Webb Galbreath, Cinnamon Crawford, Albert Plant, Garland Stiffarm, Neil Sun Rhodes, Lorissa Hannon, Thu-Ha Dinh
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected persons who identify as non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) (1).The Blackfeet Tribal Reservation, the northern Montana home of the sovereign Blackfeet Nation, with an estimated population of 10,629 (2), detected the first COVID-19 case in the community on June 16, 2020.Following CDC guidance,* and with free testing widely available, the Indian Health Service and Blackfeet Tribal Health Department began investigating all confirmed cases and their contacts on June 25.The relationship between three community mitigation resolutions passed and enforced by the Blackfeet Tribal Business Council and changes in the daily COVID-19 incidence and in the distributions of new cases was assessed.After the September 28 issuance of a strictly enforced stay-at-home order and adoption of a mask use resolution, COVID-19 incidence in the Blackfeet Tribal Reservation decreased by a factor of 33 from its peak of 6.40 cases per 1,000 residents per day on October 5 to 0.19 on November 7. Other mitigation measures the Blackfeet Tribal Reservation used included closing the east gate of Glacier National Park for the summer tourism season, instituting remote learning for public school students throughout the fall semester, and providing a Thanksgiving meal to every household to reduce trips to grocery stores.CDC has recommended use of routine public health interventions for infectious diseases, including case investigation with prompt isolation, contact tracing, and immediate quarantine after exposure to prevent and control transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes .Stay-at-home orders, physical distancing, and mask wearing indoors, outdoors when physical distancing is not possible, or when in close contact with infected or exposed persons are also recommended as nonpharmaceutical community mitigation measures (3,4).Implementation and strict enforcement of stay-at-home orders and a mask use mandate likely helped reduce the spread of COVID-19 in the Blackfeet Tribal Reservation.The potential effects of community mitigation measures on changes in the number and incidence of new COVID-19 cases in the Blackfeet Tribal Reservation during June 16-December 10, 2020, were assessed using
The influence of the pituitary on arterial intimal proliferation in the rat.
Authors: M LTiell, M BStemerman, T HSpaet
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

The formation of arteriosclerotic fibromusculoelastic intimal thickening following arterial de-endothelialization is well documented. Recent findings, both in vitro and in vivo, suggest that platelets are a major participant in the pathogenesis of this lesion by releasing a mitogen to medial smooth muscle cells (SMC). This mitogen results in SMC migration to and proliferation within the intima. A similar mitogen has been described as originating in brain and pituitary tissue. We now report that, in hypophysectomized rats with normal platelet counts, intimal hyperplasia is markedly delayed; pair-fed intact controls normally develop lesions. It therefore appears that the pituitary gland plays a significant role in the experimental arteriosclerotic response.
Comparison of the number of dihydropyridine receptors with the number of functional L-type calcium channels in embryonic heart.
Authors: SAiba, T LCreazzo
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

We compared the density of dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor sites with the density of functional L-type calcium channels in ventricular myocytes from chick heart at embryonic day 11. DHP receptors were quantified by using the DHP antagonist (+)-[3H]PN200-110 and by competition binding with the agonist Bay K 8644. The number of agonist and antagonist binding sites per ventricle was similar (250 +/- 15 and 244 +/- 8 fmol, respectively; mean +/- SEM). The mean number of myocytes per ventricle was 8.57 +/- 0.65 x 10(6), as determined by histological methods. From these data, the number of DHP receptors was calculated to be approximately 17,000 per myocyte or 25 to 26 DHP receptors per square micron of cell membrane, based on a mean myocyte membrane capacitance of 6.7 pF and a specific membrane capacitance of 1 microF/cm2. We next determined the number of functional L-type calcium channels by nonstationary fluctuation analysis with whole-cell patch clamp. The mean number of functional L-type channels per cell wa...
Tuberculosis screening yield of asylum seekers in Europe
Authors: Gerard de Vries, Job van Rest, Wieneke Meijer, Henrieke Schimmel, Bert Wolters, Rob van Hest, Michael Kimerling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

We thank W. Arranzola de Oñate and colleagues for their correspondence on our article "Low yield of screening asylum seekers from countries with a tuberculosis incidence of <50 per 100 000 population" [1]. They report a 4–5 times higher tuberculosis (TB) prevalence among Syrian asylum seekers at entry screening in Belgium (94.2 or 107.6 per 100 000 screened persons, depending on definition used) than we found in the Netherlands. We would like to elaborate on possible explanations for the differences in screening yield, some of which were also mentioned by Arranzola de Oñate and colleagues. There is need to collect, analyse and compare TB screening data from migrants in EU countries more systematically <http://ow.ly/x2eQ303k2CK>
A Critical Analysis of RBRVS
Authors: Robert D. Gillette
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Maloney<sup>1</sup>compared data on specialty-specific physician incomes<sup>2</sup>and working hours<sup>3</sup>and concluded on the basis of his calculations that "Hourly reimbursement rates for surgical and nonsurgical specialties are not substantially different" and that "The 42% higher income of surgeons is explained by their longer working hours." He asserted that RBRVS, which is expected to alter income differentials by specialty, "is an inappropriate basis for reform of the physician reimbursement system." Recalling the observation of Spodick<sup>4</sup>that "too often, the 'Conclusions' giveth, but the 'Materials and Methods' taketh away," I reviewed Maloney's "Analytic Methods and Assumptions" and found them inappropriate in the following areas: He calculates from a table of reported working hours for institution-based physicians (reference 3 [Levy et al], Table 3.4) rather than one for all physicians (reference 3 [Levy et al], Table 3.1). If he had used the latter, he
Improving outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia through harnessing the immunological landscape
Authors: Ya-Ching Hsieh, Kristina Kirschner, Mhairi Copland
Journal: Leukemia (2021)

The quest for treatment-free remission (TFR) and deep molecular response (DMR) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been profoundly impacted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Immunologic surveillance of residual leukemic cells is hypothesized to be one of the critical factors in successful TFR, with self-renewing leukemic stem cells implicated in relapse. Immunological characterization in CML may help to develop novel immunotherapies that specifically target residual leukemic cells upon TKI discontinuation to improve TFR rates. This review focuses on immune dysfunction in newly diagnosed CML patients, and the role that TKIs and other therapies have in restoring immune surveillance. Immune dysfunction and immunosurveillance in CML points towards several emerging areas in the key goals of DMR and TFR, including: (1) Aspects of innate immune system, in particular natural killer cells and the newly emerging target plasmacytoid dendritic cells. (2) The adaptive immune system, with promise shown in regard to leukemia-associated antigen vaccine-induced CD8 cytotoxic T-cells (CTL) responses, increased CTL expansion, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. (3) Immune suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells that are reduced in DMR and TFR. (4) Immunomodulator mesenchymal stromal cells that critically contribute to leukomogenesis through immunosuppressive properties and TKI- resistance. Therapeutic strategies that leverage existing immunological approaches include donor lymphocyte infusions, that continue to be used, often in combination with TKIs, in patients relapsing following allogeneic stem cell transplant. Furthermore, previous standards-of-care, including interferon-α, hold promise in attaining TFR in the post-TKI era. A deeper understanding of the immunological landscape in CML is therefore vital for both the development of novel and the repurposing of older therapies to improve TFR outcomes.
Connections between endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated unfolded protein response, mitochondria, and autophagy in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis
Authors: Priya Wadgaonkar, Fei Chen
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2021)

Arsenic exposure in contaminated drinking water is a global health issue, as more than 200 million people are affected globally. Arsenic has been known to cause skin, liver, lung, bladder and prostate cancers. Accordingly, it has been categorized as a group I human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Various natural and anthropogenic activities lead to the release of arsenic in the environment, contaminating air, water and food sources. Traditionally, genetic mutations have been the center of cancer research. However, emerging studies have now focused on the importance of epigenetics, metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cancer. Arsenic is highly capable of inducing stress in the cells via the generation of free radicals causing oxidative stress, epigenetic and genetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of intracellular signaling pathways, and impairment of autophagy and DNA repair systems. The cancer cells are able to utilize the unfolded protein response (UPR) to overcome these internal stresses in various stages of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, from cancer growth to immune responses. The UPR is an evolutionarily conserved stress response that has both survival and apoptotic outcomes. PERK, IRE1α and ATF6α are the three ER stress sensors that are activated to maintain cellular proteostasis, which can also promote apoptosis on prolonged ER stress. The dual nature of UPR in different cancer types and stages is a challenge for researchers. We must investigate the role and the connections among ER stress-associated UPR, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy in arsenic malignancies to identify key targets for cancer prevention and therapeutics.
Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Grantley W. Taylor, Richard H. Wallace
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE present communication is the eighth in a series of reports from the Massachusetts General Hospital dealing with the results following operation for carcinoma of the breast.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 There were 382 cases of carcinoma of the breast during the three-year period, 1933–1935, of which 328 were primary cases and 54 had received earlier treatment elsewhere. Of the former, 92 were inoperable when first seen, and 236 (72 per cent) were submitted to radical operation. Two cases that were untraced are regarded as failures, and 14 cases in which the patients died of intercurrent disease within five years are considered inconclusive. There . . .
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Authors: J M Dwyer
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1981)

The fungus Candida albieans lives within the intestinal flora of man and remains a harmless saprophyte while its proliferation is limited by intestinal bacteria, secretory IgA (1), cell-mediated immunity (2), and other non­ specific mechanisms currently poorly understood. The failure of any of these homeostatic mechanisms results in fungal overgrowth, whereupon C. albieans becomes a pathogen. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a syndrome resulting from such proliferation in which the skin and nails as well as oral, esophageal, and genital mucosa become chronically infected (3). CMC is not a single disease entity but represents the final common clinical pathway resulting when one or more of the complex defense mecha­ nisms restricting C. albieans proliferation is defective. At least five distinct clinical subdivisions of the CMC syndrome can be described.
Myosin types in the human heart. An immunofluorescence study of normal and hypertrophied atrial and ventricular myocardium.
Authors: LGorza, J JMercadier, KSchwartz, L EThornell, SSartore, SSchiaffino
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Two distinct myosin heavy chain isoforms, referred to as alpha and beta, were identified in the human heart with specific antimyosin antibodies. By indirect immunofluorescence, myosin heavy chain alpha was found to be a major component of atrial myosin and a minor component of ventricular myosin, while heavy chain beta was found to be a major component of ventricular myosin and a minor component of atrial myosin. In the normal heart, there was marked individual variability in the proportion of ventricular myocytes reactive for heavy chain alpha. Atrial myocytes staining for heavy chain beta were rare in the left atrium and more numerous in the right atrium, especially in the crista terminalis and in the interatrial septum. Surgical and autoptic specimens from hypertrophied left ventricles of patients with mitral regurgitation showed a myosin immunoreactivity pattern similar to that of normal specimens. Very rare muscle cells reactive for heavy chain alpha were seen in the hypertrophied left ventricles of ...
Evidence of myogenic vascular control in the rat cerebral cortex.
Authors: H GBohlen, S LHarper
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The potential presence of myogenic regulation in the cerebral microvasculature of the rat was investigated using a method which alters intravascular pressure without appreciably changing cerebral perfusion pressure (arterial minus venous pressure). The entire rat was placed in a sealed box, with the cranial cavity open to the atmosphere and prepared for in vivo microscopy. By increasing the ambient pressure in the box, both systemic arterial and venous pressure could be changed by nearly equal amounts (+/- 20 mm Hg). Heart and respiratory rates were not influenced by changing ambient pressure by +/- 20 mm Hg. At elevated ambient pressures, cortical arterioles constricted in linear proportion to the ambient pressure, whereas subatmospheric ambient pressures caused vasodilation whose magnitude was about equal at ambient pressures of -6 to -18 mm Hg. The calculated vessel wall tension typically remained within about +/- 10-15% of control during changes of transmural pressure of +/- 20-40%. In all cases, arte...
Effects of operation on left atrial size and the occurence of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
Authors: D CWatson, W LHenry, S EEpstein, A GMorrow
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The relation between left atrial size and atrial fibrillation was examined in 37 patients who had left ventriculomyotomy and myectomy at the National Heart and Lung Institute. Atrial fibrillation was present in 11 of 27 (41%) patients with an echocardiographically measured left atrial dimension greater than 45 mm. No patient with a left atrial dimension less than 45 mm had atrial fibrillation pre or postoperatively. Eleven of 13 patients less than 40 years of age with an abnormal preoperative left atrial dimension had a 10% or greater reduction in left atrial dimension postoperatively. A group of 21 patients 40 years of age or older had an abnormal left atrial dimension preoperatively, and no significant change postoperatively. These results indicate that left ventriculomyotomy and myectomy can produce a significant decrease in left atrial size in younger patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. It is hoped that the decrease in atrial size may reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation in the...