tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Structure of Upper End of Humerus with Reference to Osteoporotic Changes in Senescence Leading to Fractures
Authors: M C Hall, M Rosser
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Fractures of the upper humerus occur most commonly in elderly women. Humeri from cadavers of 20 aged individuals were sectioned in one of three planes and examined radiographically. The greater tuberosity was found to be cavitated and the shaft is devoid of cancellous tissue in older bones, but the scar of the epiphyseal plate persists. Cortical bone is very thin at the lower part of the greater tuberosity and humeral head where fracture most commonly occurs. Two major groups of vertical trabeculae are found. The head has its own trabecular system.
Abstract 223: Failed Intubation Attempt During Emergency Department Resuscitation of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patient
Authors: Joonghee Kim, Kyuseok Kim, Taeyun Kim, Joong Eui Rhee, You Hwan Kim, Jae Hyuk Lee
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Backgrounds: Endotracheal intubation is a commonly used procedure to secure airway during emergency department (ED) resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. However, it can lead to many complications such as airway trauma or esophageal intubation. Currently, it is unknown whether failed intubation attempt has clinically significant impact on prognosis during resuscitation of OHCA patients in ED where multiple airway adjunct and many trained rescuers are available. Methods: An ED OHCA registry of a tertiary hospital extending from 2008 to 2012 were reviewed to identify non-traumatic OHCA patients who were resuscitated on ED arrival. Prehopsital and demographic factors and patient outcomes were retrieved from the registry. Number of failed intubation attempts was assessed from nurse-documented CPR records. Primary outcome was achievement of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Secondary outcomes were survival discharge and 6-month neurologic outcome. Results: 512 non-traumatic OHCA patients with ED intubation attempt during resuscitation were included. Failed intubation attempt was present in 77 patients and there was no significant difference in demographic or prehospital factors between those with and without it. With failed intubation attempt, the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for achieving sustained ROSC was 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-1.01) and 0.51 (95% CI, 0.29-0.89), respectively. In a propensity-matched sample, the adjusted OR was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69-0.97). However, no significant difference in long-term outcomes was found in any of the analyses. Conclusion: Failed intubation attempt in ED was an independent risk factor for resuscitation failure in ED OHCA patients.
Sweeping misrepresentation will fuel fear and prejudice
Authors: Jamila Sherif
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Al-Alawi and Schwartz suggest that many of the world’s Muslim doctors are followers of a fundamentalist and radicalised Islam.1 I find this an offensive and sweeping misrepresentation that will fuel fear and prejudice.

The authors’ views are clouded by the idea of an “intra-Islamic ‘jihad’ to impose an ultra-militant outlook on more than a …
Clinical comparison of Tourette's disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: R. K. Pitman, R. C. Green, M. A. Jenike, M. M. Mesulam
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

The authors report on 16 outpatients with Tourette's disorder, 16 outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and 16 normal control subjects who underwent structured interviews and psychological testing. Previous findings of a high incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients with Tourette's disorder were confirmed. There was a significantly greater incidence of tics in the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their relatives. Both patient groups had high rates of unipolar depressive and generalized anxiety disorders. Panic and phobic disorders were frequent in the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder but not in the patients with Tourette's disorder. The patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder showed less coprolalia, echo phenomena, self-destructive behavior, and childhood attention deficit.
BMA Annual Representative Meeting, Manchester, 27 June to 30 June: NHS doctors can work in independent treatment centres, UK health minister announces
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

NHS doctors will be allowed to work in independent treatment centres once they have fulfilled their contractual obligations to the NHS. Patricia Hewitt, the UK secretary of state for health, made the announcement at the annual conference of the BMA in Manchester this week.

In addition, doctors in specialties without shortages who want to work full time for independent treatment centres will be allowed to leave the NHS and take up their new post without having to wait six months. Until now, this practice has been banned to safeguard staffing levels in the NHS. The “six month rule” will be retained for doctors in specialties with a shortage, such as radiology, however.

The change in regulations on treatment centres means that doctors will be able to work in them after they have offered the first four hours of additional work to the NHS and have approval from the their NHS employer.

The change in policy was welcomed by Paul Miller, chairman of the BMA's consultants committee, who believes that it will help to improve the care offered by independent treatment centres. “It doesn't make sense to fly in doctors from around the globe for a fortnight when NHS doctors, who understand the system, are able to work. Allowing NHS doctors to work in treatment centres is a win for both doctors and patients. It creates another earning stream for doctors, and having NHS consultants in there will raise the standards of care,” he said.​said.




Figure 1





Patricia Hewitt, the UK secretary of state for health, addresses the BMA annual conference

Credit: BRUNO VINCENT/GETTY




Representatives greeted the announcement with polite murmurs despite many having been critical of treatment centres and seen them as a threat to local NHS services in the past. Dr Miller admitted that creating treatment centres was not the BMA's favoured means of increasing capacity in the NHS but acknowledged that the government had chosen to pursue this route. It may have been more appropriate to treat more patients in existing NHS facilities using NHS doctors and paying them for their extra time, he said.

Ms Hewitt renewed the government's commitment to stand by targets set on treatment times in emergency departments and in other specialties, such as orthopaedics. Jennie Blackwell, a doctor from northwest England and a member of the Junior Doctors Committee, pleaded for the secretary of state to reduce the target to treat 98% of patients within four hours of arriving in the emergency department.
Neonatal prevention of iron deficiency
Authors: D G Daniel, A N A Weerakkody
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Alternatives to hospital careStudy's results may not apply elsewhere EDrroR,-I wish to urge caution in extrapolating the results ofJoanna Coast and colleagues' study, which implies that a tenth of patients admitted to general hospitals could be relocated to more appropriate care.'I am leading a "total fundholding" project in Winchester, in which the practice will purchase all care on behalf of our patients, and have been examining the practice's use of acute services.We obviously have an inter- est in using expensive acute services carefully, and to that end we have followed up all our acute
Abstract 262: Impact of the Motive of Participants on Training Effect of CPR
Authors: Suzuka Kato, Masaru Suzuki, Shingo Hori
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: CPR by lay people improves survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). CPR training for lay people plays a crucial role to maximize an opportunity of an effective bystander CPR. Fire Department has concentrated its efforts on growing the training popular in citizens in Japan.Some people participated in the training of their own accord, while others participated by the direction of their business companies. Aim was to elucidate a relationship between the motive of the participated people to the first aid training held by the fire department and the training effects. Methods: Tokyo Disaster Prevention and Emergency Medical Service Associate has conducted the first aid training for common people including CPR and AED training, in which a total of 3,862 adults were participated into the training between January and April 2012. Of those, 1,203 adult office workers (age: 20-49 years, 783 male, 723 compulsory participants and 420 participants of their own accord) were analyzed in this study. An anonymous questionnaire survey including their satisfaction for the course and trainer, self-checking of skill performances regarding to CPR and intention to perform bystander CPR was conducted. Results: Satisfaction with the course and the trainer was higher in the participants of their own accord compared to the compulsory participants (Kruskal-Wallis test P=0.001, P=0.001). When skills of chest compression and artificial breathing were evaluated by themselves, the evaluations were better in the participants of their own accord (P=0.04, P=0.01). Comparing their perceptions regarding their AED skills, there was no significant difference (P=0.13). Answers to the question about their intensions to perform CPR for OHCA demonstrated that the participants of their own accord would actually perform CPR more frequently (17.9% vs 11.3%, P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Expectation that a common lay people actually perform CPR during OHCA event is likely to depend on their motivation of the CPR ability. Their motivation also related with their perceptions of the CPR skills. It suggested that continued appealing works to the willing and perception of participants is indispensable to maximize the effectiveness of CPR training.
Let the buyer beware
Authors: Eboukél Aka, Candice Legris
Journal: BMJ (2005)

T he Roxy market in the Adjame district of Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire is well known among the city's poor people. With hundreds of vendors, it is a vast expanse of shelters and parasols under which all kinds of drugs in all sorts of forms—pills, syrups, powder, suppositories, injectables, ointments—are displayed in a jumble on tables or in baskets. The drugs are constantly exposed to dust, sun, and changes in weather that can affect their quality. It is common to find drugs sold without their original packaging and repackaged in plastic bags with no mention of the drug's name, active ingredients, or expiry date. Nearly all the vendors are women, and more than a third are illiterate. None has knowledge of drugs or any medical training—but this does not mean they aren't ready to quickly diagnose an illness or try to decipher a prescription so they can provide a drug, though their choice is more likely to be determined by what they have in stock than the actual cause of the illness.

> The substandard drugs are often those in high demand for AIDS and malaria 

The drugs in the market can be …
Abstract 19545: Enhancing Endothelial Healing Post-Arterial Injury and Stent Implantation: Efficacy of Heat Shock Protein 27 as a Vascular Protective Therapy
Authors: Xiaoli Ma, Melissa McNulty, Tieqiang Hu, Xiaoling Zhao, Dominic Wells, Jacqueline de Belleroche, Edward O'Brien
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Previously we demonstrated that Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has atheroprotective effects [Circ Res 2008].PURSPOSE: To determine if HSP27 may provide an effective strategy to enhance re-endothelialization of injured vessels, including stented arteries. 72 male and female wild type (WT) and HSP27 over-expressing (HSP27 o/e ) mice were fed a normal chow and subjected to femoral artery wire injury before being euthanized on days 7, 14 or 28. The circulating CD45 dim /Sca-1 + /Flk-1 +  endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from HSP27 o/e  mice increased 2.8- and 2.7-fold on days 3 and 7 post injury compared to WT (p o/e  males and females on day 7 relative to WT mice (e.g., males: 78.4±7.5% vs. 47.0±6.9%; females: 80.9±4.9% vs. 48.9±4.6%; p o/e  mice respectively (e.g., males: 0.34±0.06 vs. 0.71±0.14 and females: 0.14±0.05 vs. 0.57±0.06; p 2  of stent) to rHSP27-coated stents increased in a dose-dependent manner (e.g., control: 51.5±13.5; rHSP27 5μg/ml: 105.1±19.1; rHSP27 50μg/ml: 199.9±45.0). Finally, rHSP27-coated stents were inserted into rabbit carotid arteries and increased re-endothelialization by 43.7% and 35.7% at day-7 post stenting compared to bare metal stents (BMS) and vehicle-coated stents (VS) (e.g., BMS, 46.7±3.8%, VS, 49.4±3.2%, rHSP27, 67.1±8.1%, p   Conclusions:  Both in vitro and in vivo HSP27 has salutary effects on the endothelium, particular after arterial injury / stenting. These effects are particularly important given that some current drug eluting stents have toxic effects on the endothelium and may pre-dispose patients to stent thrombosis. Future efforts to combine HSP27 with more anti-inflammatory drugs may result in the production of a DES that is efficacious and shows a superior safety profile.
Abstract P108: Associations between Anthropometric Indices and the Prevalence of Heart Disease in Iran: The Golestan Cohort Study
Authors: Vaani Garg, Rajesh Vedanthan, Farhad Islami, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poutschi, Hooman Khademi, Mohammad Naemi, Akbar Fazel-Tabar Malekshah, Elham Jafari, Rasool Salahi, Farin Kamangar, Paul D Pharoah, Christian C Abnet, Paul Brennan, Sanford M Dawsey, Valentin Fuster, Paolo Boffetta, Reza Malekzadeh
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Both high and low body mass index (BMI) are associated with heart disease (HD). However, data are relatively lacking regarding the relationship between life-course trends in BMI and HD in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective: To investigate the relationship between prevalent HD and anthropomorphic indices such as BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), as well as body size perception from adolescence to adulthood. Methods: Baseline data from the Golestan Cohort Study, a prospective population-based study in Iran, were used in this cross-sectional analysis. Current anthropometric indices were measured and body size perception using standard pictograms was assessed for age 15, age 30, and at the time of interview. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations of prevalent HD with anthropometric indices. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 11. Results: Complete data were available for 50,044 participants (age 40-75 years), of whom 6.1% reported a history of HD. For men and women, current BMI, WC, and WHR were associated with prevalent HD (p&lt;0.001). Prevalence of HD increased with each quintile of WC and WHR (e.g. adjusted OR (95% CI) for highest WC quintile for men (≥105 cm) and women (≥108 cm) was 1.56 (1.28, 1.91) and 1.47 (1.24, 1.73), respectively). Among men, there was a U-shaped relationship between HD and body size perception at younger ages. Men also had a U-shaped relationship between HD and changes in body size perception over time, while women had a U-shaped relationship between HD and changes in body size perception from adolescence to early adulthood, but demonstrated a J-shaped pattern from early to late adulthood (Figure). Conclusion: Prevalent HD was associated with current anthropometric indices and temporal changes in body size perception for men and women. Public health interventions focused on the cumulative lifetime burden of risk factors such as obesity on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are essential, particularly in LMICs.
Tumor Induction by Carcinogenic Agents in Aquarium Fish
Authors: Gennady B. Pliss, Veniamin V. Khudoley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

The effects of nine carcinogens on 1,220 guppies [Poecilea reticulata (Lebistes reticulatus)] and 40 zebra fish (Danio rerio) were studied. Multiple exposure techniques included skin application, im and ip injections, feeding, implantation in pellets, and dissolving of the compound in the aquarium water. 7-12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene, and benzidine produced no tumors in the fish. N-2-Fluorenylacetamide, omicron-aminoazotoluene, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, diethylnitrosamine, and dimethylnitrosamine induced tumors in the livers of some of the fish. These neoplasms included cholangiomas, hepatoadenomas, cholangiocarcinomas, and hepatocellular cancers. Nitrosomorpholine caused not only hepatic tumors in guppies and zebra fish but also intestinal adenocarcinomas and poorly differentiated connective-tissue lesions in the abdominal cavities of zebra fish. Experimental induction of tumors in aquarium fish offers wide possibilities for comparative cancer research. Fish are a suitable model for the testing of compounds for carcinogenic activity and for the screening of environmental carcinogens.
Abstract MP58: Type 2 Diabetes Prediction with 17-, 40-, and 62-variant Genotype Risk Scores: The Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Jason L Vassy, Bianca Porneala, Jose C Florez, Josée Dupuis, James B Meigs
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for type 2 diabetes (T2D) increased by 50% the number of common T2D-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We hypothesized that a genotype risk score (GRS) consisting of more SNPs improves T2D prediction achieved by published 17-SNP and 40-SNP scores. Methods We used data from four 8-year periods of the Framingham Offspring Study to test the association between effect-weighted 17-SNP, 40-SNP, and 62-SNP GRSs and incident T2D, defined by medication use and fasting glucose criteria. We used pooled logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations adjusted for 1) age and sex and 2) age, sex, parental T2D, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Model improvement by the addition of each GRS was assessed with C statistics, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) indices, and net reclassification improvement (NRI) indices with category thresholds at 2% and 8% cumulative incidence. Results Mean baseline age was 46, and 46.5% were men. There were 446 cases of incident T2D among 11,358 person-exams. In all models, the inclusion of a GRS resulted in significant T2D risk reclassification (NRI range 22.3-29.8%, see Table). The inclusion of a greater number of SNPs in the GRS increased the C statistics and relative IDI of the age- and sex-adjusted model, but the 62-SNP GRS did not result in a higher NRI than the 40-SNP GRS (28.6% vs. 29.8%). Similarly, the 62-SNP score did not result in a higher NRI for the fully adjusted clinical model than the 40-SNP score (25.6% vs. 29.0%). Conclusions A GRS of common susceptibility SNPs from GWAS improves T2D risk reclassification in a prospective study of adults, but incorporating a greater number of SNPs with smaller individual effect sizes may not result in additional reclassification improvement. Further advances in genotype prediction of T2D may require the identification and incorporation of functional risk variants putatively tagged by GWAS SNPs.
Surveillance for Adverse Events Associated With Anthrax Vaccination--US Department of Defense, 1998-2000
Authors: P. A. Sato, M. Ryan, G. C. Gray, K. J. Hoffman, C. N. Costello, G. M. Wassermann, M. V. Rubertone, S. A. Stanek, J. D. Grabenstein, J. R. Riddle, D. Trump
Journal: JAMA (2000)
Prolonged shedding of influenza A(H1N1)v virus: two case reports from France 2009
Authors: H Fleury, S Burrel, C Balick Weber, R Hadrien, P Blanco, C Cazanave, M Dupon
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

We observed a prolonged shedding of virus 14 and 28 days after symptom onset in two patients with pandemic H1N1 influenza, who did not have immunodepression and were treated with neuraminidase inhibitor. This prolonged shedding was not associated with the emergence of resistance mutation H275Y in the viral neuraminidase gene.
Abstract 17172: Adiponectin Promoter Elements Combined with Liver-Specific microRNA-122 Target Sequences Specifically Target Adipose Tissue for Gene Transfer with Intravenous Delivery an AAV8 Vector
Authors: Sean M O'Neill, Christine C Hinkle, Shu-Jen Chen, Arbans K Sandhu, Julie Johnston, Muredach P Reilly
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objective: To develop an in vivo , systemic method of gene transfer specifically targeting adipose tissue. We assessed the hypothesis that systemic adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated vector delivery can transfer genes specifically to adipose tissue. Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for developing coronary heart disease. Adipose is an endocrine organ critical to energy intake and expenditure. Available data on adipose is limited, in part, because of the difficulties in adapting experimental techniques to a tissue with high lipid content. Few studies have investigated in vivo gene transfer in adipose tissue, and these studies used subcutaneous injections in obese mice. Method and Results: Tail vein IV injections of a luciferase expression vector in healthy C57BL/6 mice revealed that AAV serotype 8 (AAV8) best targeted adipose tissue. Tail vein injections of AAV8 were used to administer all subsequent vectors in five mice per vector. Mice were sacrificed 2-3 weeks after injection, and tissues were analyzed for transgene expression. Systemic delivery of a vector containing the GFP gene under control of a CMV promoter induced GFP transgene expression in most tissues tested, including subcutaneous, omental, gonadal, and brown fat depots. To restrict GFP expression to adipose depots, the CMV promoter was replaced with an adiponectin enhancer/promoter to make Adipo-GFP AAV. Systemic delivery of Adipo-GFP AAV induced GFP expression in all adipose depots tested. GFP expression in non-adipose tissues was negligible except for liver. To ameliorate unwanted liver expression, target sites for liver specific microRNA -122 were incorporated into the vector to make Adipo-GFP-miR122 AAV. Mice injected with Adipo-GFP-miR122 AAV no longer expressed GFP in liver, yet they expressed GFP in adipose tissue. Furthermore, mature adipocytes isolated from adipose tissue express GFP, indicating Adipo-GFP-miR122 vector targets mature adipocytes for transgene expression. Conclusion: AAV8-mediated systemic delivery of a specifically designed adipose expression vector can selectively target adipose tissue for in vivo gene transfer. This novel approach has therapeutic potential in obesity and downstream complications like insulin resistance and diabetes.
Poor Responsiveness to Clopidogrel: Drug-Specific or Class-Effect Mechanism?
Authors: Gianluca Campo, Marco Valgimigli, Donato Gemmati, Gianfranco Percoco, Linda Catozzi, Alice Frangione, Federica Federici, Fabrizio Ferrari, Matteo Tebaldi, Serena Luccarelli, Giovanni Parrinello, Roberto Ferrari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Abstract 16716: Inhibition of Microrna-146a Enhances Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery After Myocardial Infarction and Hindlimb Ischemia
Authors: Kai Knopp, Rebecca Teske, Jan-Marcus Daniel, Alexander Koch, Jochen Dutzmann, Katrin Donde, Christian Troidl, Holger Nef, Christian Hamm, Johann Bauersachs, Daniel Sedding
Journal: Circulation (2013)