tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Representations of temporal sleep dynamics: Review and synthesis of the literature
Authors: Lieke WA. Hermans, Iris AM. Huijben, Hans van Gorp, Tim RM. Leufkens, Pedro Fonseca, Sebastiaan Overeem, Merel M. van Gilst
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2022)

Sleep is characterized by an intricate variation of brain activity over time. Measuring these temporal sleep dynamics is relevant for elucidating healthy and pathological sleep mechanisms. The rapidly increasing possibilities for obtaining and processing sleep registrations have led to an abundance of data, which can be challenging to analyze and interpret. This review provides a structured overview of approaches to represent temporal sleep dynamics, categorized based on the way the source data is compressed. For each category of representations, we describe advantages and disadvantages. Standard human-defined 30-s sleep stages have the advantages of standardization and interpretability. Alternative human-defined representations are less standardized but offer a higher temporal resolution (in case of microstructural events such as sleep spindles), or reflect non-categorical information (for example spectral power analysis). Machine-learned representations offer additional possibilities: automated sleep stages are useful for handling large quantities of data, while alternative sleep stages obtained from clustering data-driven features could aid finding new patterns and new possible clinical interpretations. While newly developed sleep representations may offer relevant insights, they can be difficult to interpret in for example a clinical context. Therefore, there should always be a balance between developing these sophisticated sleep analysis techniques and maintaining clinical explainability.
THE DIET OF THE PRECIBICULTURISTS
Authors: H. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1905)

&l-3 if the pancreatic juice fails, the quantity of split fat is very 1ow indeed, so that when both biliary and pancreatic secre- tions are absent the utilization of fat falls almost to zero.He objects to the old words " diarrhoea " and " conatipation, " and even to our conception of these; the former being only applic- able to those cases in which, after a test meal, it is found that the faeces appear in a time shorter than habitual, and contain a smaller proportion of dry substance; and, conversely, con- stipation should only express that the time is too long and the propDrtion of dry matter too great.Undoubtedly, great credit should be given to those who undertake these laborious researches in a neglected department of clinical study.The establishment of institutions for clinical research has greatly aided practitioners in obtaining help in the more tedious and complicated investigations called for by modern methods of diagnosis, and there seems no reason why the analysis of faeces should not become more general.In relation to fat digestion eepecially, the information to be derived from it is of practical value in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.In one of the series of handbooks published by the firm of J. B. Bailli6re et File, under the collective title of Les Actualtt6sMfdicales,7,Dr, RENA, GAULTIER describes briefly the methods employed in the wards of the Paris hospitals under such masters of clinical method as Professors Dieulafoy and Robin, Drs.Parmentier and Le Noir.All the methods are, as Professor Robin says, not always available in practice, but are useful because they serve to give precision to the value of old sym- ptoms while extending our appreciation of their significance.The procedures followed are clearly described and are gene- rally well known, but too much stress seems to be laid upon
Autonomic Neuromodulation for Atrial Fibrillation Following Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Stefanos Zafeiropoulos, Ioannis Doundoulakis, Ioannis T. Farmakis, Santiago Miyara, Dimitrios Giannis, George Giannakoulas, Dimitris Tsiachris, Raman Mitra, Nicholas T. Skipitaris, Stavros E. Mountantonakis, Stavros Stavrakis, Stavros Zanos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
<i>QuickStats</i>: Percentage of U.S. Adults Who Met the 2008 Federal Physical Activity Guidelines for Aerobic and Strengthening Activity,* by Sex — National Health Interview Survey,† 2000–2014
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

The percentage of U.S. adults who met the 2008 federal physical activity guidelines for Americans increased from 15.1% in 2000 to 21.5% in 2014. Most of the increase occurred from 2006 to 2010 for men and from 2007 to 2011 for women. During all years, men were more likely than women to meet the physical activity guidelines. In 2014, 25.5% of men and 17.7% of women met the guidelines.
Childhood epilepsy.
Authors: D P Addy
Journal: BMJ (1978)

are best disposed of via a WC pan in the isolation suite.Where this is not possible the bedpans and urinals should be bagged within the unit and passed through the exit hatch and taken to the bedpan or bottle washer.Bedpans and bottles should be sterilised by machines close to the washing unit.The only exceptions to the immediate use of the public drainage system for disposing of excreta from infected patients are the enteric fevers, smallpox, Lassa fever, Ebola fever, and Marburg disease.In such cases prolonged contact with a suitable con- centration of phenolic disinfectant is essential before disposal.Dead bodies of patients who have suffered from diagnosed or suspected smallpox, Lassa fever, Ebola fever, Marburg disease, or serum hepatitis should be dealt with by staff wearing gloves and impermeable protective clothing, and should be enclosed in a large plastic bag before being taken from the room in which the patient died.Waste from susceptible patients does not usually need any special arrangements.
Whooping-cough vaccination.
Authors: A G Ironside
Journal: BMJ (1979)

in general practice, so that there are many cimetidine-treated patients in the community with undiagnosed or (if they come up to clinic during or shortly after a course of cimetidine) undiagnosable abdominal pain, some of whom may be harbouring palliated malignancy.It is necessary to emphasise, categorically, that it is in every patient's best interests to have a definitive diagnosis made before treatment with cimetidine is started.There is no doubt that the endoscopic and radiological facilities within the NHS are adequate to cope with the demand.A definitive diagnosis is all the more important since it is clear that prolonged, rather than short-term, cimetidine treatment is necessary for most of these patients with chronic duodenal ulcer disease who are suitable for medical treatment.
First-line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combinations in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Where Are We Going, Where Have We Been?
Authors: Jacob J. Adashek, Joshua J. Breunig, Edwin Posadas, Neil A. Bhowmick, Leigh Ellis, Stephen J. Freedland, Hyung Kim, Robert Figlin, Jun Gong
Journal: Drugs (2022)
Case 5-2022: A 65-Year-Old Woman with Rapidly Progressive Weakness in the Right Arm and Recurrent Falls
Authors: Christopher D. Stephen, Pamela W. Schaefer, Brian S. Appleby, Derek H. Oakley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

A 65-year-old woman with a history of measles encephalitis was evaluated for rapidly progressive weakness in the right arm and recurrent falls. MRI of the head showed restricted diffusion and hyperintensity in the left frontal and left parietal lobes. Her father had died 7 months after weakness developed in his right hand and right leg. A diagnostic test was performed.
A homologous or variant booster vaccine after Ad26.COV2.S immunization enhances SARS-CoV-2–specific immune responses in rhesus macaques
Authors: Xuan He, Malika Aid, Abishek Chandrashekar, Jingyou Yu, Katherine McMahan, Frank Wegmann, Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Jenny S. Maron, Caroline Atyeo, Huahua Wan, Daniel Sellers, Jinyan Liu, Michelle Lifton, Sarah Gardner, Esther A. Bondzie, Julia Barrett, Kunza Ahmad, Tochi Anioke, Jake Yalley-Ogunro, Jeanne Muench, Adrienne Goode, Hanne Andersen, Mark G. Lewis, Galit Alter, Hanneke Schuitemaker, Roland Zahn, Dan H. Barouch
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Ad26.COV2.S has demonstrated durability and clinical efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 in humans. In this study, we report the correlates of durability of humoral and cellular immune responses in 20 rhesus macaques immunized with single-shot Ad26.COV2.S and the immunogenicity of a booster shot at 8 to 10 months after the initial immunization. Ad26.COV2.S elicited durable binding and neutralizing antibodies as well as memory B cells and long-lived bone marrow plasma cells. Innate immune responses and bone marrow plasma cell responses correlated with durable antibody responses. After Ad26.COV2.S boost immunization, binding and neutralizing antibody responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants increased 31- to 69-fold and 23- to 43-fold, respectively, compared with preboost concentrations. Antigen-specific B cell and T cell responses also increased substantially after the boost immunization. Boosting with a modified Ad26.COV2.S.351 vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein from the beta variant led to largely comparable responses with slightly higher beta- and omicron-specific humoral immune responses. These data demonstrate that a late boost with Ad26.COV2.S or Ad26.COV2.S.351 resulted in a marked increase in humoral and cellular immune responses that were highly cross-reactive across multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in rhesus macaques.
In vitro determination of small intestinal permeability.
Authors: I Hamilton, I Cobden, A T Axon
Journal: Gut (1985)

in fact, stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion.Therefore, it would seem that the conclusion drawn by Beglinger et al in their letter reflects mainly a personal view lacking adequate experimental support.Finally, I would suggest that Beglinger et al study the action of secretin on pure pancreatic juice, using doses and periods of stimulation similar to those used by us.Only then, I believe, can we compare our studies and discuss the action of secretin on human pancreatic enzyme secretion.
Multi-omics reveals mitochondrial metabolism proteins susceptible for drug discovery in AML
Authors: Mika Caplan, Karli J. Wittorf, Kasidy K. Weber, Samantha A. Swenson, Tyler J. Gilbreath, R. Willow Hynes-Smith, Catalina Amador, R. Katherine Hyde, Shannon M. Buckley
Journal: Leukemia (2022)

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a devastating cancer affecting the hematopoietic system. Previous research has relied on RNA sequencing and microarray techniques to study the downstream effects of genomic alterations. While these studies have proven efficacious, they fail to capture the changes that occur at the proteomic level. To interrogate the effect of protein expression alterations in AML, we performed a quantitative mass spectrometry in parallel with RNAseq analysis using AML mouse models. These combined results identified 34 proteins whose expression was upregulated in AML tumors, but strikingly, were unaltered at the transcriptional level. Here we focus on mitochondrial electron transfer proteins ETFA and ETFB. Silencing of ETFA and ETFB led to increased mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial stress, and apoptosis in AML cells, but had little to no effect on normal human CD34 + cells. These studies identify a set of proteins that have not previously been associated with leukemia and may ultimately serve as potential targets for therapeutic manipulation to hinder AML progression and help contribute to our understanding of the disease.
Low Serum Level of the Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (esRAGE) Is a Risk Factor for Prevalent Vertebral Fractures Independent of Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Masahiro Yamamoto, Toru Yamaguchi, Mika Yamauchi, Toshitsugu Sugimoto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)
HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Testing and Treatment Services in Specialty Treatment Facilities That Offer Medication for Opioid Use Disorder in the US
Authors: Eshan U. Patel, Becky L. Genberg, Xianming Zhu, Noa Krawczyk, Shruti H. Mehta, Aaron A. R. Tobian
Journal: JAMA (2022)

This study assesses HIV and hepatitis C testing and treatment availability in US specialty substance use disorder treatment facilities that offered medication for opioid use disorder in 2017-2020, stratified between federally certified Opioid Treatment Programs (OTPs) and non-OTPs.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Authors: D. T. Nagasawa, M. Bergsneider, D. Kelly, B. Shafa, D. Duong, J. Ausman, L. Liau, D. McBride, I. Yang, B. S. Mann, R. Yabroff, L. Harlan, C. Zeruto, J. Abrams, V. Gondi, J. Eickhoff, W. A. Tome, K. R. Kozak, M. P. Mehta, K. M. Field, K. Drummond, M. Yilmaz, P. Gibbs, M. A. Rosenthal, R. Allaei, K. J. Johnson, A. J. Hooten, E. Kaste, J. A. Ross, D. A. Largaespada, D. R. Johnson, B. P. O'Neill, T. Rice, S. Zheng, Y. Xiao, P. A. Decker, L. S. McCoy, I. Smirnov, J. S. Patoka, H. M. Hansen, J. L. Wiemels, T. Tihan, M. D. Prados, S. M. Chang, M. S. Berger, A. Pico, A. Rynearson, J. Voss, A. Caron, M. L. Kosel, B. L. Fridley, D. H. Lachance, B. P. O'Neill, C. Giannini, J. K. Wiencke, R. B. Jenkins, M. R. Wrensch, Y. Xiao, P. A. Decker, T. Rice, H. M. Hansen, J. L. Wiemels, T. Tihan, M. D. Prados, S. M. Chang, M. S. Berger, M. L. Kosel, B. L. Fridley, D. H. Lachance, B. P. O'Neill, J. C. Buckner, P. A. Burch, R. C. Thompson, L. B. Nabors, J. J. Olson, S. Brem, M. H. Madden, J. E. Browning, J. K. Wiencke, K. M. Egan, R. B. Jenkins, M. R. Wrensch, E. A. Pereira, J. Livermore, D. M. Alexe, R. Ma, O. Ansorge, T. A. Cadoux-Hudson, D. R. Johnson, B. P. O'Neill, M. Wang, J. Dignam, M. Won, W. Curran, M. Mehta, M. Gilbert, A. R. Terry, F. G. Barker, L. R. Leffert, B. Bateman, I. Souter, S. R. Plotkin, O. Ishaq, J. Montgomery, S. Terezakis, M. Wharam, M. Lim, M. Holdhoff, L. Kleinberg, K. Redmond, C. Kruchko, A. M. Paker, T. L. Chi, C. Kamiya-Matsuoka, M. E. Loghin, T. Lautenschlaeger, V. Dedousi-Huebner, A. Chakravarti
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2011)
Bell's palsy and herpes simplex.
Authors: B E Juel-Jensen
Journal: BMJ (1978)

49including at least three sets of identical twins.3The pattern of aggregation in these families has suggested an inherited basis for a pro- portion of patients with vesicoureteric reflux, but no uniform pattern of inheritance has been apparent.In Christchurch we have investigated the immediate family of 42 patients with reflux nephropathy and in 12 of these families there were one or more affected members.4To assess whether there may be an easily delineated genetic marker for reflux nephropathy we have looked at the tissue typing of all patients presenting recently to our departments with chronic renal failure due to reflux nephropathy and compared this with the tissue types of patients with renal failure due to other causes.The results are showni in the accompanying table and indicate that HLA- B12 is occurring with significantly greater frequency in patients with reflux nephropathy.Presence of HLA-B12 in patients according to aetiology of renal failure Cause of renal No of No with failure patients HLA-B12 Reflux nephropathy 19 9 All other causes 46 8X2 test with Yatesis correction: Z2=4.9; 0-02 <P <0-05.In larger centres it may be possible to confirm whether this is a valid observation and therefore possibly a genetic marker for a disease that not infrequently results in end-stage renal failure.
Evaluating the optimal sequence of immunotherapy and docetaxel in men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.
Authors: Elias Bin Aris Chandran, Mohammad O. Atiq, Renee Nicole Donahue, Fatima Karzai, Marijo Bilusic, Jennifer L. Marte, Philip M. Arlen, Lisa M. Cordes, Helen Owens, Amy Hankin, Monique Williams, William Douglas Figg, William L. Dahut, Jeffrey Schlom, James L. Gulley, Ravi Amrit Madan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

130 Background: Docetaxel is a standard of care for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). PROSTVAC is a pox viral-based therapeutic cancer vaccine encoding for PSA and three T-cell co-stimulatory molecules. Pox viral-based vaccines had previously demonstrated potential immune synergy with docetaxel. This clinical trial evaluated the optimal sequence of immunotherapy and chemotherapy in mCSPC. Methods: Key eligibility criteria were mCSPC within 4 months of ADT and ECOG performance status 0-2. Patients were randomized between Arms A (6 cycles of docetaxel 75mg/m 2 followed by 6 doses of PROSTVAC) and B (docetaxel concurrent with PROSTVAC). After rapid accrual to the first 2 arms, Arm C was added by protocol amendment (6 doses of PROSTVAC prior to 6 cycles of docetaxel). ADT was continued throughout the treatment period. The primary endpoint was to evaluate antigen-specific responses to the tumor antigens, PSA and MUC1, and brachyury, a transcription factor implicated in the metastatic process, after patients completed their respective sequence of docetaxel and PROSTVAC. This was done using intracellular cytokine staining of 4 established markers in both CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells, for a total of 8 measures of activation per antigen. Results: The study enrolled 73 patients with a median age of 63 years (range 41-86). Gleason scores for patients were 6 (4.1%), 7 (21.6%) and 8-10 (68.9%), with 5.4% being unknown. Median pre-ADT PSA was 34.75 ng/mL. Per CHAARTED criteria, disease volume was low in 41.1% and high in 58.9% of patients. Numbers of patients evaluable for immune responses in arms A, B, and C were 16, 12 and 18, respectively. Clinical responses have previously been presented (Atiq, MO et al., ASCO 2021), with 22% of all patients having PSA &lt;0.2 at 2 years. Conclusions: This data provides some insights into the potential of immune activating therapies in relation to chemotherapy in patients with prostate cancer. This preliminary analysis suggests the greatest magnitude of immune activation is seen when immunotherapy is followed by chemotherapy. Additional analysis of the breadth of immune responses and associations with clinical outcomes is ongoing and will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT02649855. [Table: see text]
Abstract 361: Improving Hemodynamics During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation With Occlusion of the Abdominal Aorta
Authors: Jason Allen, Adrian Ripeckyj, Kadambari Shekar, Demetri Yannopoulos, Jason Bartos
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: There are approximately 400,000 out of hospital cardiac arrests in the United States each year. Effective CPR delivers approximate 30% of normal blood flow to the heart and 40% of normal blood flow to the brain. Cardiac and neurological recovery after a cardiac arrest remains a challenge in this population. We hypothesized that inflating a balloon in the abdominal aorta would preferentially shunt cardiac output to the brain and heart during CPR and improve hemodynamics thereby potentially reducing the injury incurred during prolonged CPR, similar to the rationale behind the use of the endovascular balloon occlusion that has been used in trauma. Methods: To assess our hypothesis, we used a porcine model of prolonged CPR. Each animal was anesthetized and placed on hemodynamic monitoring devices. Following hemodynamic measurements at baseline, VF was induced. After five minutes of VF, CPR was initiated. After ten minutes of CPR representing bystander CPR, we then placed a balloon in the abdominal aorta via the femoral artery. Flow to the abdominal aorta was halted with inflation of the balloon and occlusion of the aorta. CPR was continued for a total of 45 min with epinephrine delivery every 5 minutes after balloon inflation consistent with standard ACLS. For our experimental group we had a total of ten animals, which were compared to 17 control animals that underwent the same protocol except for balloon placement. Results: The results of our study demonstrate a statistically significant increase in thoracic systolic aortic blood pressure with balloon inflation (78.2 mmHg in animals with the balloon inflated and 64.3 mmHg in controls, p &lt; 0.05). The diastolic aortic blood pressure was similar between groups. As a result of the hemodynamic changes associated with balloon inflation, coronary perfusion pressures also statistically increased (24.9 mmHg in animals with the balloon inflated compared to 17.5 mmHg in the control animals, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest there are potentially hemodynamic benefits to coronary perfusion and likely cerebral perfusion as a result of an intra-abdominal balloon occlusion which may reduce the injury to the organs critical to successful functional recovery after prolonged cardiac arrest.
Adjuvant therapy of lung cancer: now sits expectation in the air.
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Adjuvant therapy of lung cancer: Now sits expectation in the airThe results of lung resection for cancer seem to be remarkably constant, with a five-year survival between 25 and 300, ( independent of the surgical technique or the histological cell type.' 2 Immense efforts have gone into trying to improve these depressing figures, yet the disease remains stubbornly resistant to the doctors' stratagems-grave news for the greater part of the victims of this disease who fail even to qualify for resection.Scott et a12 have just published the outcome of the Medical Research Council's long-term double-blind trial of chemo- therapy as an adjuvant to surgery for lung cancer.Of 243 patients initially allocated busulphan, 234 cyclophosphamide, and 249 placebo, survival rates at five years were 280, 27)
Diagnostic and Clinical Value of FFRCT in Stable Chest Pain Patients With Extensive Coronary Calcification
Authors: Hans Mickley, Karsten T. Veien, Oke Gerke, Jess Lambrechtsen, Allan Rohold, Flemming H. Steffensen, Mirza Husic, Dilek Akkan, Martin Busk, Louise B. Jessen, Lisette O. Jensen, Axel Diederichsen, Kristian A. Øvrehus
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2022)
Address in Surgery
Authors: J. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1885)

A FORTY YEARS' RETROSPECT.8. 1PRESIDLNT AND (I,NTLEMEN, Assulning that on suchi an occa- sion us the present my discretion is entirely iunfettered, an(d feeling ainxious to avoidl wearying i1ny audience with a formal essay, I have chosen for the subject of the Address in Surgery, which I have the honour of delivering here to-day, a comparative view of surgical prac- tice, as I myself observedl it, when acting as dIresser uinder Robert Liston in the wards of University College Hospital, and of such as now prevails amongst us, particularly as exemplified in my own wardsf in that institution.1 at first contemplated, for the purpose of this comparison, the selection of the years 1843 and 1883, inoving backwards from the last named date, because it coincides with that of the latest of our sur- gical regitrar's reports, compiled by my former house-surgeon, Mr. Victor Horsley.But, on searching the old case-books, I found that in the medical year 1844-5, I was myself oiie of Liston's dressers, and accordingly I resolved to compare that year with 1883, which two years, in fact, constitute tbe first and last of a series of forty.I soon found, also, this advantage, that the perusal of my own descriptive notes, and those of my contemporaries, brought back vivid remem-
Extended family.
Authors: W. R. Burkitt
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEBDICH 491 or to erythromycin emerged during or after that trial, though lincomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus appeared and became fairly common in the unit during the trial.Later, when lincomycin was no longer used, lincomycin-resistant staphylococci became scarce and soon disappeared.