tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Grants for Scientific Research
Authors: F. Fowke
Journal: BMJ (1899)

The Poor-law Medical Officers' Association also took counsel's opinion on the same point, with a similar result.-More recently the Public Vaccinators' Association has obtained an answer from the Local Govern- .mentBoard, to the.effect that the recent vaccination legislation lhas not in any way modified the opinion previously expressed by them.The point has not yet been tried in the courts so as to get a judicial -decision, but.we know at least one otlher instance where the deductions .arebeing made from the public vaccinators' fees with a view of ultimate *pension.(2) OIn the expiration of seven days after,he child has reached the age of 4 months, if the vaccination officer has not a valid certificate -of one kind or another in his possession in respect of that child, " he -shall proceed to make personal inquiries with a view to obtain the Trequisite certificate.If on making these inquiries he is unable to ascertain that the clild lhas been vacciinated, but the child is still resident in the district, the vaccination officer shall include the name and lhome of time child" in the official list, of the public vaccinator. 43)No vaccination can be certified to be successful until it lhas been inspected soimie days after the operation and typical vesicles are seen to result.It is oovious that a certificate of successful vacciniation cannot properly be given at the time of performing the operation.GRANTS FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.THE Council of the British Medical Association desire to -remind members of the profession engaged in researches for 'the advancement of medicine and the allied sciences that ,they are prepared to receive applications for grants in aid -of such research.Applications for sums to be granted at the next annual meeting must include details of the precise -character and objects of the research which is proposed and must be made on or before June Isth in writing addressed to ,the General Secretary, at the office of the Association, 429, ~Strand, W.C.
Abstract 17182: The Role of ROS Sensitive TRPM2 Mediated Inflammation in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Albert Yu, Zhichao Yue, Jianlin Feng, Hector Aguila, Lixia Yue
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: A variety of cardiovascular diseases stem from the manifestations of subclinical atherosclerosis, whose growth is fueled by inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophage-derived foam cells. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis will provide novel insights on potential therapeutic approaches for atherosclerosis associated cardiovascular diseases. The Ca 2+ -permeable TRPM2 which is activated by various reactive oxygen species (ROS) under stress conditions, is highly expressed in monocytes and macrophages. Our objective is to understand how TRPM2 in monocytes/macrophages mediates inflammation in atherosclerosis. Our hypothesis is that monocyte/macrophage TRPM2 is activated in the oxidative environment of atherosclerosis, and blocking TRPM2 will attenuates initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, thereby mitigating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Methods: ApoE-deficient mice with Trpm2 deletion (APOE-TRPM2 double knockout: DKO) mice were fed with a high fat diet (HFD) to generate atherosclerosis. TRPM2 activity was measured by patch-clamp electrophysiology using peritoneal macrophages (PMs) obtained from DKO mice fed with HFD. Peripheral blood cells were collected from the tail vein and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: We found that atherosclerosis plaque area was significantly reduced in HFD-fed DKO mice in comparison with the HFD-fed ApoE-KO mice (p&lt;0.001). The TRPM2 channel activity and TRPM2 mediated Ca 2+ entry in macrophages were markedly higher in ApoE-KO mice fed with HFD than the ApoE-KO mice fed with normal chow, suggesting that TRPM2 may play a role in the atherosclerosis (p&lt;0.05). Moreover, TRPM2 deletion drastically reduced IL-β production in PMs induced by LPS. Furthermore, we found that Trpm2-KO led to a 17% reduction of the inflammatory circulating myeloid cells in the ApoE-TRPM2 DKO mice compared to ApoE-KO mice fed with HFD (p&lt;0.005). Conclusions: Our results indicate that deletion of TRPM2 reduces atherosclerotic plaques. Both inflammatory cytokine IL-1β production and inflammatory macrophages are reduced by TRPM2 deletion, indicating that the mechanisms by which TRPM2 inhibition deletion reduces atherosclerosis is through inhibiting inflammation during the atherosclerosis. As oxidative stress is a hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques, targeting monocyte/macrophage TRPM2 may serve as a novel approach to halt initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, as well as atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Thermoanalytical and histological study of intra-articular papain-induced degradation and repair of rabbit cartilage. I. Immature animals.
Authors: T Farkas, M Bihari-Varga, T Biro
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

Arthritis has been defined as the inability of cartilage to respond to stress (Kellgren, 1961).Many methods have been developed to produce an experimental model of this disease.In a survey of the literature, Gardner (1960) referred to about 300 investigations on this subject.The results of Thomas (1956), who demonstrated reversible collapse of rabbit ears after intravenous papain, stimulated many investigators to use this agent in the research of early degenerative changes in cartilage.Bentley (1971), applying repeated intra-articular injections of papain into mature rabbit hips, succeeded in producing alterations which resembled those seen in osteoarthritis.In young animals, repair capacity is expected to be more intense than in aged ones.In our experiments, in order to investigate the early degenerative alterations of articular cartilage and the following reparative processes, papain was injected intra- articularly into the knee joints of immature rabbits.Papain-induced morphological changes were dem- onstrated by histological and histochemical methods.Chemical determinations were performed by a complex thermoanalytical method (Paulik, Paulik, and Erdey, 1958), applied for the investigation of biological tissues by one of us (M.B. V.).By the introduction of thermal analysis into biological research the water content and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content (Bihari-Varga, 1971a) could be measured and the structural stability of the fibrillar proteins (Bihari-Varga, 1971 b) could be demonstrated simultaneously in the same original tissue-sample. Material and methodsTwenty 6-month-old rabbits were used for the investigations.They were housed under normal conditions and kept on stock diet.0-4 ml of a 3-0 per cent.papain solution (dissolved in physiological saline containing 075 mol/l.cysteine) was
Abstract 342: The Relationship Between Time Interval From Collapse to Return of Spontaneous Circulation After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Neurologically Intact Survival
Authors: Ken Nagao, Yoshio Tahara, Hiroshi Nonogi, Naohiro Yonemoto, David F Gaieski, Noritoshi Ito, Hitoshi Hirose, Tsukasa Yagi, Nobutaka Chiba, Eizo Tachibana, Keijiro Saku, Hiroaki Simokawa
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation are critical to survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, few studies have investigated the relationship between time interval from collapse to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and neurologically intact survival. Methods: From the All-Japan OHCA Utstein Registry between 2005 and 2015, we enrolled adult patients achieving prehospital ROSC after witnessed OHCA, inclusive of arrest after emergency medical service responder arrival. The study patients were divided into two groups according to initial cardiac arrest rhythm (shockable versus non-shockable). The collapse-to-ROSC interval was calculated as the time interval from collapse to first achievement of prehospital ROSC. The primary endpoint was 30-day favorable neurological outcome after OHCA. Results: A total of 69,208 adult patients achieving prehospital ROSC after witnessed OHCA were enrolled; 23,017(33.3%) the shockable arrest group and 46,191 (66.7%) the non-shockable arrest group. The shockable arrest group compared with the non-shockable arrest group had significantly shorter collapse-to-ROSC interval (16±10 min vs. 20±13 min, P&lt;0.001) and significantly higher frequency of the favorable neurological outcome (54.9% vs. 15.3%, P&lt;0.001). Frequencies of the favorable neurological outcome after shockable OHCA decreased to 1.2% to 1.5% with every minute that the collapse-to-ROSC interval was delayed (78% at 1 minute of collapse, 68% at 10 minutes, 44% at 20 minutes, 34% at 30 minutes, 16% at 40 minutes, 4% at 50 minutes and 0% at 60 minutes, respectively, P&lt;0.001), and those after non-shockable OHCA decreased to 0.8% to 1.8% with every minute that the collapse-to-ROSC interval was delayed (40% at 1 minute of collapse, 26% at 10 minutes, 11% at 20 minutes, 5% at 30 minutes, 2% at 40 minutes, 0% at 50 minutes and 0% at 60 minutes, respectively, P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Termination of the collapse-to-ROSC interval to achieve neurologically intact survival after witnessed OHCA was 50 minutes or longer irrespective of initial cardiac arrest rhythm (shockable versus non-shockable), although the neurologically intact survival rate was difference between the two groups.
Respiratory Monitoring
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Auranofin in steroid dependent asthmaWe read with interest the article by Dr Nierop and others (May 1992;47:349-54) concerning oral gold in the treatment of steroid dependent asthma.We were surprised to notice that most patients did not receive maximal high dose inhaled corticosteroids when included in the study; this was the case with nine patients in the placebo group (69%) and eight patients in the auranofin group (53%).This must be pointed out as high dose inhaled corticosteroids (that is, beclometha- sone 1500-2000 pg/day or budesonide 1200- 1600 pg/day) are known to be more effective
Abstract 311: Selection of Optimal Predictor and Critical Thresholds for Return of Spontaneous Circulation Using Non-Invasive Frequency-Domain Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Tiffany S Ko, Wensheng Guo, Constantine D Mavroudis, Ryan W Morgan, Wesley M Baker, Timothy Boorady, Alexandra M Marquez, William P Landis, Vinay M Nadkarni, Robert A Berg, Robert M Sutton, Arjun G Yodh, Daniel J Licht, Todd J Kilbaugh
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: We have shown that during CPR, novel non-invasive monitoring of cerebral tissue oxygenation (StO 2 , %) and total hemoglobin concentration (THC, μmol/L) by frequency-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (FD-DOS) is associated with ROSC in a swine model of pediatric cardiac arrest. Our objective is to find the optimal non-invasive predictor for ROSC and assess feasibility of a stable critical threshold over time in early CPR. Hypothesis: Stable critical thresholds with high sensitivity or specificity for ROSC may be established in early CPR (&lt;10 min) from non-invasive cerebral StO 2 and THC measurements initiated at CPR start. Methods: One-month-old swine (n=31) underwent 7 minutes of asphyxia, induction of ventricular fibrillation, and up to 20 minutes of CPR till ROSC or death (no ROSC). Absolute StO 2 and THC and absolute and relative change from 1 minute into CPR (time for chest molding and FD-DOS placement) were evaluated as ROSC predictors over time. For each variable, an ROC curve and two critical thresholds, maximizing specificity (=1) or sensitivity (=1), were determined at 1-min intervals from 2-10 minutes of CPR using univariate logistic regression. Optimal predictor was selected by highest mean AUC. A stable specificity or sensitivity threshold was feasible if the mean threshold had a specificity or sensitivity &gt;0.9 over all intervals, respectively. Results: Absolute change in StO 2 (ΔStO 2 ) had the highest mean (SD) AUC of 0.90 (0.07). Consistently &gt;0.8, the AUC exceeded 0.9 after 7 minutes of CPR ( see Fig. ). The mean specificity threshold (ΔStO 2 = +5.1%) and sensitivity threshold (ΔStO 2 = +1.4%) achieved an overall specificity of 0.93 and sensitivity of 0.98, respectively. Conclusions: Non-invasive monitoring of absolute change in StO 2 was most predictive of ROSC and stable critical thresholds with high specificity or sensitivity were established in early CPR. Future work will independently validate this promising tool for CPR optimization.
A phase II study of talazoparib and avelumab in VHL deficient clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: Ritesh Kotecha, Chung-Han Lee, Deaglan Joseph McHugh, Chloe Dadoun, Andrea Knezevic, Maria Isabel Carlo, Emily Feld, Natalie Shapnik, Neil J. Shah, Darren R. Feldman, Robert J. Motzer, Martin H Voss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

347 Background: VHL inactivation may lead to impairments in the DNA damage response pathway and increased replication stress, which consequently can increase the genomic instability of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Other molecularly driven RCC subtypes including FH and SDH deficient RCC show impaired DNA repair through oncometabolite accumulation. Synthetic lethality with PARP inhibitors (PARPi) has been suggested in preclinical models, and PARPi may potentiate the effects of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Methods: We conducted a single center, investigator-initiated phase II trial to evaluate combined PARPi + PD-L1 inhibition in two genomically selected advanced RCC cohorts: 1) VHL altered RCC; 2) FH, SDH-RCC and renal medullary carcinoma. For Cohort 1, patients had to have previously been treated with VEGFR TKI and ICB therapy with maximum 3 prior lines of therapy. Patients received talazoparib 1mg daily plus avelumab 800mg IV every 14 days. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by iRECIST, and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), safety and tolerability. Results from Cohort 1 are reported here. Results: From 2019-2021, 10 advanced RCC patients were enrolled per the first stage of a Simon 2-stage design for cohort 1. The median age was 63 years (R: 42-71), and median number of prior therapies was 2 (R: 1-3). All patients had VHL loss detected by tissue NGS sequencing via MSK-IMPACT, and 3/10 (30%) of patients had co-occurring somatic or germline alterations in DDR specific genes. No objective tumor responses were seen, and the disease control rate was 60% (6/10) with those patients achieving stable disease as best response. All patients experienced disease progression and the median PFS was 3.6 months (95% CI 1.4-4.9). Adverse events were in keeping with reported toxicities for individual agents without emerging safety signals. Conclusions: This is the first clinical study of combination PARPi and ICB therapy in advanced clear cell RCC. In our cohort of VHL deficient TKI/ICB refractory RCC, the study did not meet its pre-defined efficacy threshold to continue enrollment, and our results do not support further study of this regimen in this population. Exploratory efforts to evaluate this treatment approach in other biomarker selected populations of RCC, including cohort 2 of this study, are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT04068831.
Dantrolene Hepatitis
Authors: Richard Schneider
Journal: JAMA (1976)

DANTROLENE SODIUM is a new orally administered hydantoin derivative that is useful in control of skeletal muscle spasticity.<sup>1,2</sup>Known adverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and general malaise. To date, there have been no published reports of severe hepatic toxicity in association with the drug,<sup>3</sup>although minor abnormalities of liver function have been observed in a sizeable percentage of recipients.<sup>4,5</sup>Recently, the drug company has changed the package insert to warn of potential hepatic toxicity. We report a patient with dantrolene hepatitis who had deep jaundice. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 38-year-old woman who had had weakness and spasticity of her legs for four years was considered to have multiple sclerosis. In April 1974, dantrolene sodium therapy was started and was gradually increased to a dosage of 400 mg/day, which was continued until Aug 13, 1974. The only other drugs she was taking were cod
St. George's Hospital
Authors: G. G. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1858)

swollen, and very painful.He was ordered to have on twelve leeches, and a linseed poultice afterwards; and to take three grains of iodide of potassium thrice daily.After a few days, the dose of the iodide was increased to five grains thrice daily.The same treatment was continued until the end of August, when he attended as an out-patient; but he still took the iodide of potassium.September 25th.He was again admitted into the Hospital, in consequence of its being thought that there was thickening of the periosteum.He continued the iodide of potassium, and had on several blisters, each of which gave him temporary relief.November 8th.It was intended to-day that an incision should be made down to the head of the bone, and the seat of the disease explored; but some family affliction caused him to leave the Hospital.December 1st.He returned to the Hospital to-day; but, on his way, he fell down and sprained the knee, so that, on admis- sion, it was so painful and swollen that he was ordered to have on eighteen leeches, and twelve more afterwards, if not relieved, which were also applied.Some few days after, he had on twelve more leeches, followed by linseed-meal poultices.He then had a blister applied.December 20th.He was put under chloroform in the operating theatre, when Mr. Lawrence made a semicircular incision from the upper and outer margin of the tibia downwards and inwards to below the tubercle, and dissected back the flap, when a soft springy surface, of about the size of a crown-piece, was laid open.There had been a slightly fluctuating spot, of small extent, just in this situation, which had led to the sup-
Department of Economic Research
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17103: A Novel Approach to an Old and Unrecognized Disease- Intricacies of Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Nael Aldweib, Michael Popeck, Rohan Trivedi, Mark Doyle, Amresh Raina, Amit Thosani, Robert Biederman, Indu Poornima
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Appropriate referral of patients to advanced imaging for suspected cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), and prognosis of patients based on imaging results is not well understood. We sought to define clinical predictors associated with an imaging diagnosis of CS and compare outcomes in the CS group, based on imaging characteristics Methods: Study population comprised 164 consecutive patients, referred for FDG-PET or MRI imaging based on clinical suspicion for CS. Imaging diagnosis of CS was based on prior MRI results or current FDG-PET results, classified as scar+ inflammation (group1), scar-only (group2) and inflammation-only (group3). Follow-up was 2.3±1.3 years Results: Among 164 patients, 61% were male (mean age 59±10 years, 82% white) and 86 (52%) were diagnosed as CS (68 by PET and 18 by MRI). Clinical presentation of VT (32/86-37% vs 7/78-10%) and conduction system disease i.e. AV block and sinus node dysfunction (14/86-16% vs 6/78-6%) was more likely in CS (p&lt;0.05). Prior diagnosis of extracardiac sarcoid was less frequent in CS (49% vs 69% p=0.03). LVEF was similar in both groups (45±18 in CS vs 51±19 in controls). In a multivariable model including the above variables, presentation with VT (OR5.64; CI-1.98-16.10) and conduction system disease (OR 2.13; CI-1.03-9.94) remained significant predictors of imaging diagnosis of CS. The distribution of FDG-PET results was: Group 1 (29%), Group 2 (32%) and Group 3 (38%). Group 1 had the highest incidence of VT at presentation (55% vs 41% vs 19%). Mean LVEF was 44±14, 23±14 and 52±12 across 3 groups respectively (p&lt;0.003). Steroids and immunosuppressants were more commonly used in Groups 1 and 3 vs 2 (75%, 69% vs 18% p&lt;0.0001). In a multivariable model that included LVEF and presentation with VT/conduction system disease, use of immunosuppressants (OR 2.57; CI 1.05-6.25) and LVEF (OR 0.97; CI 0.94-0.99) significantly predicted the outcome of death or recurrent VT (chi-sq 9.57; p=0.008) Conclusions: In a population being referred for imaging diagnosis of CS, presentation with VT or conduction system disease is more likely to identify those with disease. Among those with imaging diagnosis of CS by FDG-PET, presence of inflammation and therefore use of immunosuppressants and low LVEF were predictive of death or VT.
Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Foodborne Illnesses—Selected Sites, United States, 1999
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Each year in the United States, an estimated 76 million persons experience foodborne illnesses. CDC's Emerging Infections Program Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) collects data on nine foodborne diseases in selected U.S. sites to quantify and monitor foodborne illnesses. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 1999 and compares them with data from 1996-1998. The data suggest that the incidence of the foodborne illnesses under surveillance declined during 1999 compared with 1996 primarily as a result of decreases in campylobacteriosis and shigellosis and indicate substantial regional variation in the incidence of foodborne diseases.
Incorrect Number.
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal