tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decrease in fibrosis, and increase in number of hepatocytes, in Cl4 C-cirrhotic rats after injection of the liver growth factor. LGF . Cl�nica Puerta de Hierro and Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

IGF actions are modulated by a family of six proteins, the IGFBPs. This review discussed structural aspects of the proteins and their genes, emphasizing in particular the posttranslational modifications—glycosylation, phosphorylation and proteolysis—which are believed to be important modifiers of IGFBP activity. The IGFBP genes all contain four coding exons, with only the IGFBP-3 gene having a fifth, non-coding exon. Consistent with a relatively conserved gene structure, the proteins themselves, all approximately 20–30 kDa in size, are highly conserved in primary structure, each consisting of three domains: cysteine-rich amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal domains with marked sequence similarity among all of the proteins, and central domains showing no conservation. Putative sites of N-linked glycosylation (three in IGFBP-3, and one in IGFBP-4 and -6) occur in this region, and appear occupied by carbohydrate in IGFBP-3 and -4, whereas IGFBP-1, -5, and -6 have varying amounts of O-linked carbohydrate. All of the IGFBPs bind both IGF-I and IGF-II, with IGFBP-6 having an outstanding preferential affinity for IGF-II. IGFBP-3, alone among the IGFBPs, binds to another ligand, the 85 kDa, leucine-rich acid-labile subunit, with which it forms a ternary complex, together with IGF-I or IGF-II, in the circulation.Certain of the IGFBPs can associate with cell surfaces or matrix, in the case of IGFBP-1 and -2, via an Arg-Gly-Asp motif which interacts with receptors of the integrin class, and in the case of IGFBP-3 and -5 via a highly basic motif in their carboxy-terminal domain. IGFBP-1, -3, and -5 can be serine-phosphorylated, resulting in changes in their cell-binding and/or IGF affinity. Finally, limited proteolysis by enzymes of a variety of classes can convert IGFBPs to stable forms of lower molecular weight with reduced IGF-binding affinity. These proteases are postulated to be of major importance in modulating the ways in which IGFBPs affect IGF activity in the cellular environment, and may also be important in determining the bioavailability of circulating IGFs.
Error in Patient Data in Abstract and Text
Authors: Bingshu Chen, Lillian Siu, Wendy Parulekar
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

In Reply Regarding the 2-stage test design, we applied in the CCTG HN.6 study 1 the following stepwise test procedure (Figure 1 by Wang et al 2 ), which controls the overall type I error rate at 5% used to analyze progression-free survival (PFS): 1.In the first step, whether accelerated-fractionation radiotherapy (AFX) plus panitumumab is superior to standardfractionation radiotherapy (SFX) plus cisplatin is tested using a stratified log-rank test.2. If the 2-sided P value of the stratified log-rank test is greater than .05(ie, superiority of AFX plus panitumumab to SFX plus cisplatin is not demonstrated), a test for the noninferiority of AFX plus panitumumab to SFX plus cisplatin is performed that also includes all randomized patients.Noninferiority of AFX plus panitumumab to SFX plus cisplatin is claimed when the upper limit of a 2-sided 95% confidence interval for the hazard ratio of AFX plus panitumumab to SFX plus cisplatin, derived from a stratified Cox model adjusting stratification factors at randomization with a single treatment covariate, is less than or equal to 1.15.Regarding power for the noninferiority test, we agree with Cheng et al that a large number of events (ie, 1650) is needed to have 80% power for noninferiority when 2 arms have the same distribution.However, as stated in the study protocol, when the study was designed, we expected a certain amount of efficacy for the experimental arm (AFX plus panitumumab); therefore, with 246 events observed at the time of final analysis for this study, we would have 80% power to claim noninferiority at a 5% α level if the true hazard ratio of AFX plus panitumumab to SFX plus cisplatin was not higher than 0.81 (which corresponds to a difference not lower than 7.6% in the 2-year PFS between the AFX plus panitumumab arm and the SFX plus cisplatin arm).Regarding that the study was underpowered for both the superiority test and noninferiority test, this limitation has already been discussed in our article.We thank Cheng et al for pointing out the potential use of restricted mean PFS time as an alternative way to test noninferiority.We have calculated the 36-month restricted mean PFS time for AFX plus panitumumab and SFX plus cisplatin as 29.31 and 28.46 months, respectively.The upper bound for the confidence interval for the difference of the 36-month RMST for SFX plus cisplatin vs AFX plus panitumumab was 1.82 months, which is close to the 1.7 months estimated by Cheng et al based on data scanned from Figure 2 of our article, but greater than 5% of 36 months.We will consider the design of clinical trials with this methodology in the future.
THE TIME MACHINE
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A medical tour of Boston
Authors: G. E. Gifford
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE YEAR 1980 marked the 350th anniversary of the founding of the city of Boston. During the spring the American Association for the History of Medicine (AAHM) held its annual meeting in Boston, sponsored by the Boston Medical Library. In conjunction with that meeting, my wife and I conducted a guided tour of medical Boston. As summer's warm days approach, it is an appropriate time to reiterate the tour for travelers wishing to reconstruct it for themselves. The original tour was conducted from 9:30 AM to 6 PM with an hour for lunch. This is not intended to be an inclusive tour of medical Boston but merely what we could include in that time span to convey a sense of 350 years of progress in the citadel of American medicine. The following is a summary of our tour; you may follow the route by car or proceed via taxicab. <h3>Boston</h3>
Angina pectoris--II.
Authors: Mr Fergusson, Mr Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1971)

treatment is now well established.91S. Alexander and his colleagues described an extemal stimulator in 1968 and reported their further experience in 1970.1112Their most recent report is on 18 patients-good results were obtained in 12 out of 16 non-neurogenic, and in none of two with neurogenic incontinence.The use of an anal plug for the control of faecal and urinary incontinence was first described by B. R. Hopkinson and R. Lightwood.13 14From this unit P. R. Riddle and his colleagues described early results in 1968,6 and N. W. Harrison and P. J. Paterson completed a survey of 21 patients treated by electronic pessary in 1970.15In the latter series of 21 patients 11 obtained benefit from the treatment and 10 did not.The results of a preliminary trial with the pubovaginal spring device have already been reported."6In a larger series the device was used in 43 patients, of whom 33 received some benefit."7Up until now reports have been confined to the use of - single device, usually the one which has been developed in the department submitting the report.We feel that it is imperative in the patients' interests to provide the whole range of treatment.The function of this unit is thus twofold- firstly, to investigate each patient comprehensively so that the diagnosis and classification of the incontinence may be accu- rate; and, secondly, to adopt whatever treatment these investigations have shown to be the most appropriate.We believe that the results of our present study, in which 177 out of 211 patients received benefit, justify the care neces- sary in investigating these patients and the expense of equip- ping and maintaining such a comprehensive unit.We wish to emphasize that any unit attempting to help incontinent patients must not confine itself to one particular device but be able to select and use from the currently available range of treatment that device or drug regimen which detailed investigation has shown to be most likely to succeed.
Decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity as a mechanism of hydrogen peroxide-induced relaxation of rabbit aorta
Authors: T. Iesaki, T. Okada, I. Shimada, H. Yamaguchi, R. Ochi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

In vascular strips, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) relaxes α1-adrenergic agonist-induced but not high-K+-induced contractions. The aim of this study was to explore H2O2-induced changes in [Ca2+]i of vascular smooth muscle and to elucidate the mechanisms of action of H2O2. Isolated rabbit aortic strips were isometrically contracted with high-K+ (64.7 mM) or phenylephrine (PE, 0.3 μM). The effects of 300 μM H2O2 on [Ca2+]i of endothelium-denuded vascular smooth muscle and tension were determined simultaneously by the fura-2 method. Changes in [Ca2+](were expressed as percentages of high-K+-induced values measured at the beginning of the experiments. In another series of experiments, the relaxant effect of 300 μM H2O2 was examined in high-K+ (20 mM)-induced contraction in the presence of the protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu). Hydrogen peroxide caused a reversible rise in [Ca2+]i of vascular smooth muscle under both resting conditions and in the precontracted state. During high-K+-induced contraction, H2O2 further increased [Ca2+]i by 26.6(s.e.m. 1.7)% accompanied by a small increase in tension of 6.5(1.9)% of high-K+-induced tension. By contrast, during PE-induced contraction, although H2O2 caused a comparable additional increase in [Ca2+]i (26.4(4.7)%), muscle tension fell by 28.9(2.2)% of the steady-state PE-induced tension. Hydrogen peroxide had a relaxant effect on augumented high-K+-induced contraction in which Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus was elevated by PDBu. In spite of its effect of increasing [Ca2+]i of vascular smooth muscle, hydrogen peroxide causes relaxation of endothelium-denuded, PE-precontracted rabbit aorta. The mechanism is probably through suppression of agonist-induced augmentation of Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus.
International Medical Education
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY AND CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Selected New Books
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment “mismatch” in early prostate cancer: An empirical measure of patient-physician communication
Authors: R. C. Chen, J. A. Clark, S. P. Mitchell, J. A. Talcott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4566 Background: Because complications vary by treatment, preexisting organ dysfunction may relatively contraindicate specific treatment modalities for early prostate cancer. However, dysfunction may not be fully communicated between patient and doctor. We compared patient-reported pretreatment dysfunction with the treatment modality received to empirically assess this process. Methods: In a prospective, 438-patient cohort study, we determined how often patients with "intermediate" and "poor" urinary, sexual, and bowel function received relatively contraindicated brachytherapy (BT), nerve sparing radical prostatectomy (NSRP), or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) respectively. Because age affects treatment choice, we assessed receipt of contraindicated (i.e.,"mismatched") BT in all men, NSRP in men ≤ 65 years, and EBRT in men >65 years. To assess the actual impact of "mismatched" treatments, we analyzed functional outcomes. Results: Overall, 242 patients reported "intermediate" to "poor" baseline urinary, sexual, and/or bowel function; 50 patients (21%) received "mismatched" treatments. Of 196 patients in our cohort with baseline urinary obstructive/irritative symptoms, 28 (14%) received BT (see table). Of 83 patients 65 years old or younger with intermediate or poor baseline sexual function, 17 (20%) received NSRP. Of 213 patients older than age 65, 7 had baseline bowel dysfunction, but 5 (71%) received EBRT. "Mismatched" patients tended to have greater increases in dysfunction, although small sample sizes limited analysis. Conclusions: Patients reporting dysfunction received relatively contraindicated treatment modalities surprisingly often. While multiple factors affect treatment decisions, incomplete patient-physician communication regarding baseline patient dysfunction may compromise the quality of care. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE SPIROCHETAL FLORA OF THE NORMAL FEMALE GENITALIA
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi, David J. Kaliski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

The spirochetal flora of normal female genitalia is similar to that of the male and consists of Treponema calligyrum, Treponema minutum, and Spironema refringens. The types are present in varying proportions, but the calligyrum usually predominates, and the refringens is the least frequent. The female genitalia are much richer generally in the number of spirochetes than the male.
Minerva Pediatrica, Turin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of Tumor Diameter to Estimate the Growth Kinetics of Cancer and Sensitivity of Screening Tests
Authors: Naohito Yamaguchi, Takashi Yanagawa, Takesumi Yoshimura, Norio Kohrogi, Keiji Tanaka, Yuichi Nakamura, Toshiteru Okubo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

A statistical method has been developed that is useful for studying the relationship between the growth kinetics of malignant tumors and the detection probability either through symptoms or by screening. Mathematical models that describe the distribution of pathological variables in malignant tumors, detected after various histories of screening, are derived and parameters for detection probabilities and the growth kinetics are then estimated by the maximum likelihood procedure. By this method the probabilities of detection through symptoms as well as by screening can be estimated as functions of pathological variable(s) such as tumor size. The growth rate of tumor can also be estimated from the distribution of pathological variables. The present method was applied to gastric cancer in Japan, where an annual screening program for the disease exists. The detection probability for the indirect X-ray used as the screening test was estimated to be 0.323 x (diameter)2/[1 + 0.323 x (diameter)2]. The doubling time of gastric cancer was estimated to be 2.90 months.
Organizations
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
24-nor-ursodeoxycholic acid ameliorates intestinal inflammation by counteracting Th17/Treg imbalance via redirecting mTOR metabolic sensing programs in CD4+ T cells
Authors: Ci Zhu, Nicole Boucheron, Claudia Fuchs, Daniela Hainberger, Valentina Stolz, Ramona Rica, Teresa Preglej, Lisa Sandner, Marlis Alteneder, Alexandra Gülich, Patricia Hamminger, Veronika Mlitz, Jelena Remetic, Tatjana Stojakovic, Hubert Schargl, Shinya Sakaguchi, Wilfried Ellmeier, Michael Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Crossing the gap.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

up to 4 mim.It diminishes after this age, so that in a patient over 45 years 3 mm or more can be considered abnormal.4 8Recently P. H. Smith and colleagues9 reported a study of all rheumatoid patients admitted to the beds of the Rheumatism Department of the Manchester Royal Infirmary between 1955 and 1964.Lateral radiographs of the cervical spine in fiexion and extension were taken on 751 patients (422 females