tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Abstinence and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: You-jung Choi, Kyung-Do Han, Eue-Keun Choi, Jin-Hyeung Jung, So-Ryoung Lee, Seil Oh, Gregory Y.H. Lip
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of alcohol abstinence on prevention of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,112,682 patients newly diagnosed with T2DM between 2011 and 2014 were identified from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. After excluding those with a history of AF, 175,100 patients were included. The primary outcome was new-onset AF. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 4.0 years, AF occurred in 4,174 patients. Those with heavy alcohol consumption (alcohol intake ≥40 g/day) before T2DM diagnosis had a higher risk of AF (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.22; 95% CI 1.06–1.41) compared with patients with no alcohol consumption. After T2DM diagnosis, those with moderate to heavy alcohol consumption (alcohol intake ≥20 g/day) who abstained from alcohol had a lower risk of AF (aHR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68–0.97) compared with constant drinkers. Alcohol abstinence showed consistent trends toward lower incident AF in all subgroups and was statistically significant in men (aHR 0.80; 95% CI 0.67–0.96), those aged &amp;gt;65 years (aHR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52–0.91), those with CHA2DS2-VASc score &amp;lt;3 points (aHR 0.71; 95% CI 0.59–0.86), noninsulin users (aHR 0.77; 95% CI 0.63–0.94), and those with BMI &amp;lt;25 kg/m2 (aHR 0.68; 95% CI 0.53–0.88). CONCLUSIONS In patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, alcohol abstinence was associated with a low risk of AF development. Lifestyle modifications, such as alcohol abstinence, in patients newly diagnosed with T2DM should be recommended to reduce the risk of AF.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection and post-procedural appendicitis: every advantage has its disadvantage
Authors: Michiel Bronswijk
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

See also: Endoscopic full-thickness resection (eFTR) of colorectal lesions: results from the Dutch colorectal eFTR registryEndoscopy 2020; 52(11): 1014-1023DOI: 10.1055/a-1176-1107 See also: Reply to Dr. BronswijkEndoscopy 2021; 53(05): 562-562DOI: 10.1055/a-1348-1119
Abstract 15125: Cand2, a Translationally Regulated Muscle Specific Protein, Mediates mTORC1 Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Clara Sandmann, Agnieszka Gorska, Christoph Hofmann, Hugo Katus, Mirko Völkers
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Cardiac remodeling after myocardial insult is accompanied by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy that constitutes an important risk factor for future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A c...
Fractional Flow Reserve Treatment and Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gianluca Rigatelli, Marco Zuin
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic engineering cellular vesicles expressing CD64 as checkpoint antibody carrier for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Liyan Li, Qianwei Miao, Fanqiang Meng, Baoqi Li, Tianyuan Xue, Tianliang Fang, Zhirang Zhang, Jinxie Zhang, Xinyu Ye, Yang Kang, Xingding Zhang, Qian Chen, Xin Liang, Hongbo Chen, Xudong Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Immune checkpoint blockade therapies, especially those targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have achieved impressive clinical responses in multiple types of cancers. To optimize the therapeutic effect of the checkpoint antibodies, many strategies including targeting delivery, controlled release, and cellular synthesis have been developed. However, within these strategies, antibodies were attached to drug carriers by chemical bonding, which may affect the steric configuration and function of the antibodies. Herein, we prepared cluster of differentiation 64 (CD64), a natural catcher of the fragment crystalline (Fc) of monomeric immunoglobulin G (IgG), and over-expressed it on the cell membrane nanovesicles (NVs) as PD-L1 antibody delivery vehicle (CD64-NVs-aPD-L1), which was employed to disrupt the PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressive signal axis for boosting T cell dependent tumor elimination. Meanwhile, chemical immunomodulatory drug cyclophosphamide (CP) was also encapsulated in the vesicle (CD64-NVs-aPD-L1-CP), to simultaneously restrain the regulatory T cells (Tregs) and invigorate Ki67+CD8+ T cells, then further enhance their anti-tumor ability. Methods: The cell membrane NVs overexpressing CD64 were incubated with PD-L1 antibody and chemotherapeutic agent CP to prepare CD64-NVs-aPD-L1-CP. Results: The CD64-NVs-aPD-L1-CP could simultaneously interrupt the immunosuppressive effect of PD-L1 and decrease the inhibition of Tregs, leading to tumor growth suppression and survival time extension. Conclusion: CD64-NVs are charismatic carriers to achieve both checkpoint blockade and immunomodulatory drugs for combined cancer immunotherapy.
Exploring the role of land-sharing on urban green and cardiovascular health
Authors: Douglas William Cirino, Leandro Reverberi Tambosi, Simone Rodrigues de Freitas, Thais Mauad, Jean Paul Metzger
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2021)

BackgroundSeveral studies have investigated the association between green infrastructure and human health in cities and showed a positive relationship, as the amount or proximity to green spaces related with a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases, in small geographical scales such as a few minutes walking to access those green areas. We aimed to investigate the effects of green spaces in the number of cardiovascular hospitalisations at an administrative scale (city districts), considering not only the quantity, but also the distribution of green spaces. We also aimed to predict the relative risk of cardiovascular hospitalisation related to the type and distribution of vegetation.MethodsWe used a land-sharing-sparing approach, accessed by vegetation indexes adapted to urban areas, to estimate the level of land sharing and sparing in each of the 96 districts of São Paulo (Brazil). We also used a vegetation cover map to access the quantity and type of green coverage in each district. We ran a binomial generalised linear model, considering the relative number of hospitalisations in each district in relation to the total population of exclusive users of the public health system. We then constructed models of those hospitalisation rates versus the type of vegetation and distribution (land-sharing-sparing metrics), controlled by social metrics.FindingsWe found that the best model selected by Akaike information criteria was the model considering total green coverage and land sharing (92% of total weight), with sharing having a bigger effect (β −0·82064, SD 0·05376) than coverage (β −0·15906, 0·04296) in the decrease of cardiovascular hospitalisation rates.InterpretationOur results show the importance of having neighbourhoods that share green spaces and households, potentially through street trees, green squares, parks, and small gardens, with distribution more important for cardiovascular health than simple coverage, perhaps because of a scenic view effect, encouragement of outdoor activities, and daily contact with those areas. Decision makers should consider strategies that increase the green coverage between households, promoting increased contact with green spaces as a potential incentive to experience green spaces and the prevention of cardiovascular hospitalisation.FundingNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development 131823/2019–1.
Correction to: Nintedanib: A Review in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Yvette N. Lamb
Journal: Drugs (2021)

The article Nintedanib: A Review in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Diseases, written by Yvette N. Lamb, was originally published electronically in SpringerLink on 25 March 2021 without open access.
Reduced global cerebral oxygen metabolic rate in sickle cell disease and chronic anemias
Authors: Chau Vu, Adam Bush, Soyoung Choi, Matthew Borzage, Xin Miao, Aart J. Nederveen, Thomas D. Coates, John C. Wood
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2021)

Anemia is the most common blood disorder in the world. In patients with chronic anemia, such as sickle cell disease or major thalassemia, cerebral blood flow increases to compensate for decreased oxygen content. However, the effects of chronic anemia on oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO
Induction chemotherapy with lobaplatin and fluorouracil versus cisplatin and fluorouracil followed by chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage III–IVB nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Xing Lv, Xun Cao, Wei-Xiong Xia, Kui-Yuan Liu, Meng-Yun Qiang, Ling Guo, Chao-Nan Qian, Ka-Jia Cao, Hao-Yuan Mo, Xian-Ming Li, Zi-Huang Li, Fei Han, Yu-Xiang He, Yu-Meng Liu, Shao-Xiong Wu, Yong-Rui Bai, Liang-Ru Ke, Wen-Ze Qiu, Hu Liang, Guo-Ying Liu, Jing-Jing Miao, Wang-Zhong Li, Shu-Hui Lv, Xi Chen, Chong Zhao, Yan-Qun Xiang, Xiang Guo
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2021)
Multiple primary malignancies involving primary sporadic colorectal cancer in Japan: Incidence of gastric cancer with colorectal cancer patients may be higher than previously recognized.
Authors: Takaharu Kato, Koichi Suzuki, Yuta Muto, Junichi Sasaki, Shingo Tsujinaka, Yutaka James Kawamura, Hiroshi Noda, Hisanaga Horie, Fumio Konishi, Toshiki Rikiyama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

1583 Background: Improvement in the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has led to increasing occurrences of multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) alongside CRC but little is known about their characteristics. This study was undertaken to clarify the clinical and pathological features of MPMs, especially those at extra colonic sites, in patients with CRC. Methods: We reviewed 1,076 patients who underwent operations for primary sporadic CRC between 2007 and 2012. Familial adenomatous polyposis, Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer, colitic cancer and any metastasis from CRC were excluded. We extracted patients who had developed at least one MPM in an extracolonic site while having synchronous or metachronous CRC. Synchronous MPMs were defined as malignancies detected within 6-month interval before and after the detection of CRC. We compared the clinicopathological features of CRC patients with and without MPMs. As a control, we used a database compiled of patients with gastric cancer (GC) that were detected by mass screening performed in Saitama prefecture, Japan 2010 and compared these with CRC patients with synchronous GC. Results: MPMs at extracolonic sites were identified in 134 of 1,076 CRC patients (12.5%). Average age was 67.0 (range, 29-96) versus 71.3 (50-92) (P < 0.001). The incidence of GC (40.0% (53 of 134)) was the highest of all MPMs. All CRC patients with GC were older than 57 years of age. Synchronous GC was detected in 26 patients. On the other hand, out of 200,007 screened people, 225 people were diagnosed as GC in Saitama prefecture. The age-standardized incidence ratio of synchronous GC in CRC patients (0.54%) was significantly higher than in the control group (0.03%) (odds ratio 18.7, 95% confidence interval 18.5-18.9; P < 0.001). Conclusions: CRC patients preferentially developed GC synchronously and metachronously when they are older than 50 years. Thus, this patient group should undergo careful perioperative screening for GC.
Genomic epidemiology of group B streptococci spanning 10 years in an Irish maternity hospital, 2008–2017
Authors: Mary Meehan, Maeve Eogan, Naomi McCallion, Robert Cunney, James E. Bray, Keith A. Jolley, Anastasia Unitt, Martin C.J. Maiden, Odile B. Harrison, Richard J. Drew
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)
The combined induction of liver progenitor cells and the suppression of stellate cells by small molecules reverts chronic hepatic dysfunction
Authors: Wei-Jian Huang, Xu Zhou, Gong-Bo Fu, Min Ding, Hong-Ping Wu, Min Zeng, Hong-Dan Zhang, Ling-Yan Xu, Yi Gao, Hong-Yang Wang, He-Xin Yan
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Rationale: We developed a cocktail of soluble molecules mimicking the in vivo milieu supporting liver regeneration that could convert mature hepatocytes to expandable liver progenitor-like cells in vitro. This study aimed to induce endogenous liver progenitor cells by the administration of the soluble molecules to provide an alternative approach for the resolution of liver fibrosis. Methods:In vitro cultured hepatocyte-derived liver progenitor-like cells (HepLPCs) were transplanted into CCL4-treated mice to investigate the therapeutic effect against liver fibrosis. Next, we used HGF in combination with a cocktail of small molecules (Y-27632, A-83-01, and CHIR99021 (HACY)) to induce endogenous CD24+ liver progenitor cells and to inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) during CCL4-induced hepatic injury. RNA sequencing was performed to further clarify the features of HACY-induced CD24+ cells compared with CCL4-induced CD24+ cells and in vitro derived HepLPCs. Finally, we evaluated the expansion of HACY-induced CD24+ cells in human hepatocyte-spheroids from fibrotic liver tissues. Results: HepLPCs exhibited the capacity to alleviate liver fibrosis after transplantation into CCL4-treated mice. The in vivo administration of HACY not only induced the conversion of mature hepatocytes (MHs) to CD24+ progenitor cells but prevented the activation of HSCs, thus leading to enhanced improvement of liver fibrosis in CCL4-treated mice. Compared to CD24+ cells induced by CCL4 alone, HACY-induced CD24+ cells retained an enhanced level of hepatic function and could promote the restoration of liver function that exhibited comparable gene expression profiles with HepLPCs. CD24+ cells were also observed in human liver fibrotic tissues and were expanded in three-dimensional (3D) hepatic spheroids in the presence of HACY in vitro. Conclusions: Hepatocyte-derived liver progenitor-like cells are crucial for liver regeneration during chronic hepatic injuries. The administration of HACY, which allowed the induction of endogenous CD24+ progenitor cells and the inactivation of HSCs, exerts beneficial effects in the treatment of liver fibrosis by re-establishing a balance favoring liver regeneration while preventing fibrotic responses.
Improving DNACPR discussions: paramedics need access to care home residents’ individual plans
Authors: Clive Bowman
Journal: BMJ (2021)

David Oliver, 27 March

David Oliver usefully highlights problems with do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) processes. Nursing and residential home residents should have a “clear emergency and treatment escalation plan,” and the current lack of such individual plans is at the heart of much of the present difficulties in care home emergencies and …
Abstract PO-095: Intrinsic and acquired resistance to RIG-I induced anti-tumor responses
Authors: Sudarshan Anand, Eugenia Fraile-Bethencourt, Sokchea Khou
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in cancer orchestrating tumor progression and response to therapeutics. Strategies to manipulate the tumor immune microenvironment are invaluable to complement current standard of care treatments. Recently, approaches to target Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) that recognize intracellular and extracellular pathogens have emerged as a promising strategy to enhance immune recognition of tumors. Among the PRRs, intracellular receptors that recognize DNA and RNA in the cells are unique in their ability to respond to both pathogenic and ‘self’ nucleic acids that are generated as a result of aberrant cell division/transcription. We previously showed that targeting a cytosolic DNA sensor three prime exonuclease 1 (TREX1) enhanced immune responses in mouse tumor models including colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). Here we show that a cytosolic RNA sensing pathway, Retinoic acid Induced Gene 1 (RIG-I) acts as a robust immune activator across cancer types by enhancing the cellular and molecular correlates of anti-tumor immune responses. Using a stem loop hairpin RNA structure derived from a H1N1 sequence we elicited a potent RIG-1 response in CRC and breast cancers. Interestingly, activation of RIG also increased expression of TREX1 revealing potential cross-talk between the two pathways. We show that activation of tumor cell RIG-I alone is sufficient to decrease tumor burden with a concomitant broad cellular and molecular anti-tumor response. We observed a group of negative regulators of immune responses, including the NKG2a ligand - HLA-E, mono PARPs and the inhibitory checkpoint protein LAG3, are upregulated in RIG high tumors in cell culture, mouse and human tumors indicating how RIG-I high tumors may develop resistance to immune killing. Combination of RIG-I agonists synergized with inhibition of these resistance mechanisms in a tumor and context dependent manner. To understand intrinsic resistance to RIG signaling, we performed a focused RNAi screen and identified critical positive and negative modulators of RIG-I function in tumor cells. Taken together, our findings illustrate how tumor cell RIG-I is a potent inducer of cellular and molecular immune responses. Our work also highlights tumor cell intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that confer resistance to RIG-I induced anti-tumor responses and provide strategies to mitigate such resistance. Citation Format: Sudarshan Anand, Eugenia Fraile-Bethencourt, Sokchea Khou. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to RIG-I induced anti-tumor responses [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-095.
Greenness and education inequalities in life expectancy in Latin American cities: an ecological study
Authors: Mika R Moran, Usama Bilal, Iryna Dronova, Yang Ju, Nelson Gouveia, Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa, Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche, Kari Moore, J Jaime Miranda, Daniel A Rodríguez
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2021)

BackgroundGreenness has been found to be associated with reduced mortality and morbidity and improved wellbeing, with recent evidence further linking it to narrower health inequalities. However, results come mostly from high-income countries and thus might not be generalisable to other settings. In this preliminary analysis, we address this gap by examining whether education inequalities in life expectancy in Latin American cities vary by area-level greenness.MethodsWe used data from the Salud Urbana en America Latina (SALURBAL) study. The analysis sample included 28 large cities in nine Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, and El Salvador), comprising 671 sub-city units (>10 per city), for the period 2012–16. We used sub-city data on life expectancy, education (percentage of residents with high school or university education, as an indicator for socioeconomic status), and greenness (as calculated by the satellite image-derived normalised difference vegetation index). We used multilevel linear models of sub-cities nested within cities, with country fixed effects to predict life expectancy by education, greenness, and their interaction, while accounting for covariates at the city and sub-city levels.FindingsHigher education was associated with higher life expectancy in both sexes (men: standardised regression coefficient b=0·51 [95% CI 0·36–0·65]; women: 0·34 [0·23–0·45]), whereas increased area-level greenness was associated with higher life expectancy among men (0·39 [0·03–0·75]). The educational gradient in life expectancy was steeper in greener areas for both sexes (men: b for interaction=0·20 [0·08–0·32]; women: 0·15 [0·05–0·24]).InterpretationContrary to evidence from high-income countries, our initial results from Latin America suggest education disparities in life expectancy might increase with greater levels of green space. Given the already wide intra-urban inequalities in Latin American cities, and the sparse and unequal distribution of urban green spaces, greening policies need to make a concerted effort to ensure that unequal access to green spaces does not exacerbate existing health inequalities.FundingWellcome Trust (205177/Z/16/Z).
High rate of second ACL injury following ACL reconstruction in male professional footballers: an updated longitudinal analysis from 118 players in the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study
Authors: Francesco Della Villa, Martin Hägglund, Stefano Della Villa, Jan Ekstrand, Markus Waldén
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

Studies on subsequent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures and career length in male professional football players after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) are scarce.To investigate the second ACL injury rate, potential predictors of second ACL injury and the career length after ACLR.Prospective cohort study.Men's professional football.118 players with index ACL injury were tracked longitudinally for subsequent ACL injury and career length over 16.9 years. Multivariable Cox regression analysis with HR was carried out to study potential predictors for subsequent ACL injury.Median follow-up was 4.3 (IQR 4.6) years after ACLR. The second ACL injury rate after return to training (RTT) was 17.8% (n=21), with 9.3% (n=11) to the ipsilateral and 8.5% (n=10) to the contralateral knee. Significant predictors for second ACL injury were a non-contact index ACL injury (HR 7.16, 95% CI 1.63 to 31.22) and an isolated index ACL injury (HR 2.73, 95% CI 1.06 to 7.07). In total, 11 of 26 players (42%) with a non-contact isolated index ACL injury suffered a second ACL injury. RTT time was not an independent predictor of second ACL injury, even though there was a tendency for a risk reduction with longer time to RTT. Median career length after ACLR was 4.1 (IQR 4.0) years and 60% of players were still playing at preinjury level 5 years after ACLR.Almost one out of five top-level professional male football players sustained a second ACL injury following ACLR and return to football, with a considerably increased risk for players with a non-contact or isolated index injury.
阅读孟德尔随机化研究：临床医生的指南，词汇表和清单
Authors: 尼尔米 Davies., 迈克尔五福尔摩斯, 乔治戴维斯史密斯
Journal: BMJ (2018)

孟德尔随机化使用遗传变异作为一种自然实验，以研究观测数据中可能可修改的风险因素和健康结果之间的因果关系。与所有流行病学方法一样，孟德尔随机化研究的结果取决于具体假设。我们提供了孟德尔随机化研究中通常报告的信息的解释，这些研究可用于评估这些假设的合理性以及关于如何在其他证据来源的背景下解释孟德利安随机化研究的调查的指导