tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The History of British Midwifery from 1650 to 1800. The Fitzpatrick Lectures for 1927 Delivered Before the Royal College of Physicians of London.
Authors: Herbert Ritchie Spencer
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 9116: In Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction, Newer Measures of Systolic Function Have Better Correlation with Functional Status Than Do Traditional Measures of Diastolic Function
Authors: Talha F Nazir, John W Petersen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Multiple abnormalities in left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function have been demonstrated in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. We aimed to determine which echocardiographic measures of LV systolic or diastolic function best correlate with functional status in patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF). Methods: Patients referred for clinically indicated echos who had images adequate for evaluation of regional myocardial function were approached for enrollment. Functional status was determined by the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), which correlates with peak oxygen uptake. Echos were analyzed by investigators blinded to DASI scores. EF was determined with Simpson's biplane method. Speckle tracking echo (STE) (QLab version 7.1 Philips, The Netherlands) was used to determine peak circumferential, radial, and longitudinal strain for each LV segment. Torsion was defined as the maximal difference between apical and basal twist. Standard Doppler techniques were used to measure peak early (E) and atrial (A) filling velocities as well as peak early velocity (E') of the medial mitral annulus. Results: 34 patients with an EF ≥ 45% were enrolled. There was no correlation between E/E' and DASI scores (r=0.008, p=0.97, n=24). Whereas, there was a relatively strong correlation between DASI scores and radial strain (r=0.703, p=0.003, n=15). There were moderate correlations between DASI scores and global longitudinal strain (r=-0.54, p=0.038, n=15), global circumferential strain (r=-0.392, p=0.087, n=20) and torsion (r=0.462, p=0.054, n=18). Using a backwards fit technique, a model including global radial strain and torsion provides the best prediction of DASI scores, [DASI score = -9.039 + (2.141×torion) + (1.083× radial strain)], (r= 0.731, p=0.003 n=14). Conclusions: In our cohort of patients with preserved EF, traditional measures of diastolic function (E/E') had no correlation with functional status. Systolic measures, such as radial strain, correlated the best with functional status. STE derived measures of LV systolic events may be a more appropriate variable than traditional diastolic measures in studies investigating patients with preserved EF.
Bioterrorism preparedness and response in European public health institutes
Authors: B Coignard
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

The terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 and the deliberate release of anthrax in the United States had consequences for public health not only there, but also in Europe. Europe's public health systems had to manage numerous postal materials possibly contaminated with anthrax. Our survey aimed to document the response of European public health institutes to recent bioterrorist events to identify the gaps that need to be addressed; 18 institutes from 16 countries participated in this Euroroundup. Bioterrorist threats in Europe were hoaxes only, and should be considered as a "preparedness exercise" from which three lessons can be drawn. Firstly, because of inadequate preparedness planning and funding arrangements, Europe was not ready in October 2001 to respond to bioterrorism. Secondly, although European institutes reacted quickly and adapted their priorities to a new type of threat, they need adequate and sustained support from national governments to maintain their overall capacity. Thirdly, the recent crisis demonstrated the need for increased investment in epidemiology training programmes and the establishment of a technical coordination unit for international surveillance and outbreak response in the European Union.
A Corneal Dystrophy Associated with Transforming Growth Factor β–Induced Gly623Asp Mutation
Authors: Claudia Auw-Haedrich, Hansjürgen Agostini, Ina Clausen, Thomas Reinhard, Philipp Eberwein, Daniel F. Schorderet, Claudia Gruenauer-Kloevekorn
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Abstract 72: Verbalization of the Phrase “There's No Pulse---Start Compressions” Is Associated with Faster Initiation of Chest Compressions
Authors: Elizabeth A Hunt, Jamie H Bradshaw, Kristen L Nelson-McMillan, Jordan M Duval-Arnould, Nicole A Shilkofski
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: When a patient is pulseless, chest compressions (CC) must be started immediately. Our research group has observed when in-hospital providers note a loss of pulse, many focus on advanced rather than basic life support. Human factors components in team resuscitation may be optimized to improve performance. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that residents who verbalize the phrase “There's no pulse” directly followed by “start compressions” will: 1) be more likely to perform CC and 2) initiate CC more quickly than those that do not utter this phrase. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of videos from an observational study of pediatric residents managing a high-fidelity manikin simulator programmed to develop pulseless ventricular tachycardia (PVT). We measured the proportion of residents that started CC, time to starting CC, words uttered in recognition of pulselessness and phrases and/or actions that followed. Results: Seventy of eighty residents participated and data from 68/80 (85%) was reviewed. Once the manikin developed PVT, 42/68 (62%) stated “there's no pulse” during their initial assessment, 9/68 (13%) assessed pulses but did not make any verbal comment. The remaining 17/68 (25%) did not feel the pulse initially, focusing on the rhythm.Of the 42 residents who stated “there's no pulse”, only 16/42 (38%) followed that by stating “start compressions”. Other plans verbalized included: “defibrillation” 19/42 (45%), “intubation” 2/42 (5%), “blood pressure” 2/42 (5%), “IV” 1/42 (2%), “call the code team” 1/42 (2%) and “epinephrine” 1/42 (2%). A higher proportion of residents who stated “there's no pulse, start compressions” ultimately started CC vs. those that did not [16/16 (100%) vs. 30/52 (58%), p = 0.002]. Of those that ultimately started CC, residents uttering this phrase had a faster median time (Interquartile range - IQR) to starting CC than all others [30 seconds (IQR: 19-42) vs. 150 (51-242), p &lt; 0.001]. Conclusions: In conclusion, residents who speak out loud and verbalize the phrase “There's no pulse, start compressions” are more likely and faster to start CC than those that do not. Further investigation into whether training providers to use this technique will be consistently associated with faster time to starting CC is warranted.
Abstract 11948: Flecainide Induces a New Population of Calcium Sparks in Rat Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Markus B Sikkel, Mit Shah, Thomas Desplantez, Thomas P Collins, Peter O'Gara, Sian E Harding, Alexander R Lyon, Kenneth T MacLeod
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Flecainide has previously been reported to reduce spark amplitude and mass, but increase frequency, in ventricular cardiomyocytes from a Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT)...
Anemia and fatigue during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: Patterns and impact on quality of life
Authors: C. T. Stricker, G. Matthews, S. Stein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8060 Background: Research has failed to delineate a consistent pattern of fatigue and anemia & their impact on quality of life (QOL) during adjuvant breast cancer (BrCA) chemotherapy. Methods: Aims: To define the incidence and patterns of anemia and fatigue during and after adjuvant BrCA chemotherapy, & to determine relationships between anemia, fatigue, and QOL. We enrolled 110 patients with Stage I-III BrCA receiving either 4 cycles of Adriamycin & Cytoxan (AC) or AC followed by a taxane for 4 cycles (AC-T). Hemoglobin (Hb) values were obtained on day 1 of each cycle, as well as 6 weeks & 3 months after completion of chemotherapy. Piper Fatigue Scale total scores (PFS) and Linear Analog Scale Assessment (LASA) QOL scores were obtained on day 1 and 8 of cycles 1, 4, 5, and 8 as well as 6 weeks and 3 months following chemotherapy. Results: Mean Hb at baseline was 12.9 g/dL, decreased (p= 0.00) to 11.7 by Cycle 4 in all patients and Cycle 8 in individuals receiving AC-T. By 3 months post-chemotherapy, Hb recovered to baseline. Fatigue was generally mild (0 - 3) to moderate (4–6). Mean PFS scores increased from cycle 1 [(Cycle 1 day 1 = 2.63) and (Cycle 1 day 8 = 3.97) to cycle 4 [(day 1 = 3.87 and (day 8 = 5.10)] in all subjects, and from cycle 1 to cycle 8 ([Cycle 8 day 1 = 4.75], and [Cycle 8 day 8 = 5.15]) in AC-T. Fatigue was worse one week following chemotherapy. All results were significant at p<0.001. Finally, the impact of anemia on fatigue and QOL was explored by categorizing Hb at Cycle 4 into values < 11.5 and ≥ 11.5 g/dl. Although these groups did not significantly differ (p = 0.14) on PFS scores, 81% of patients with a Hb < 11.5 had moderate to severe fatigue, as compared to only 44% of those with Hb≥ 11.5 g/dl. Additionally, individuals with Hb < 11.5 had significantly lower QOL on the LASA (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Both anemia and fatigue increase over time across adjuvant BrCA chemotherapy, & fatigue worsens during the week following chemotherapy. In addition, preliminary evidence exists to validate Crawford's (2002) incremental analysis data demonstrating that the most significant increase in quality of life related to hemoglobin occurs between the values of 11 to 12 g/dl. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Ortho Biotech, Inc.
Short intensive chemoradiation, 50 Gy/4 weeks with tegafur/uracil, leucovorin and celecoxib for non-metastatic locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: W. L. Vervenne, M. J. Bruno, D. J. Gouma, S. S. Phoa, D. J. Richel, G. van Tienhoven
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4191 Background: The clinically relevant advantage of chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) is minor. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) appears to have a role in resistance to conventional cancer therapy. Enhancement of radio -and chemosensitivity in vitro by selective COX-2 inhibitors has been described. Methods: A phase II study is ongoing using radiotherapy at a dose of 50 Gy, 2.5 Gy/fx in 4 weeks, tegafur/uracil 300 mg/m2/day for 28 days with 30 mg leucovorin added to each gift and the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib 400 mg BID. To date 23 patients with cytologically or histologically confirmed non-metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas are included in this ongoing trial. Nine-teen of them completed treatment so far. Median age 61 years (range 39–72). Median performance status (WHO) 1. Results: So far no radiological remissions are observed. At first follow up 6 weeks after treatment 17/17 patients had stable disease. At six months after start of treatment 7 out of 11 patients (64%) had stable disease. Nine out of 17 patients (53%) had a >50% reduction in CA19.9. Treatment was well tolerated. Two patients did not complete treatment. Grade 3 toxicities during treatment included radiation gastritis (1 patient), nausea (1), diarrhea (2) allergic skin reaction (1) and anaemia (1). Two patients had late grade 3 GI bleeding due to teleangiectasia. Conclusions: The observed disease control rate at 6 months and the CA 19.9 response suggest biologic activity of tegafur/uracil based chemoradiotherapy with celecoxib in patients with LAPC. The observed gastrointestinal toxicity however leads to concern. Accrual is ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prepubertal Serum Concentrations of Organochlorine Pesticides and Age at Sexual Maturity in Russian Boys
Authors: Thuy Lam, Paige L. Williams, Mary M. Lee, Susan A. Korrick, Linda S. Birnbaum, Jane S. Burns, Oleg Sergeyev, Boris Revich, Larisa M. Altshul, Donald G. Patterson, Russ Hauser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Few human studies have evaluated the impact of childhood exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCP) on pubertal development.We evaluated associations of serum OCP concentrations [hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (βHCH), and p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p´-DDE)] with age at attainment of sexual maturity among boys.From 2003 through 2005, 350 8- to 9-year-old boys from Chapaevsk, Russia, with measured OCPs were enrolled and followed annually for 8 years. We used multivariable interval-censored models to evaluate associations of OCPs (quartiles) with three physician-assessed measures of sexual maturity: Tanner stage 5 for genitalia growth, Tanner stage 5 for pubic hair growth, or testicular volume (TV) ≥ 20 mL in either testis.In adjusted models, boys with higher HCB concentrations achieved sexual maturity reflected by TV ≥ 20 mL a mean of 3.1 months (95% CI: -1.7, 7.8), 5.3 months (95% CI: 0.6, 10.1), and 5.0 months (95% CI: 0.2, 9.8) later for quartiles Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively, compared with Q1 (p trend = 0.04). Tanner stage 5 for genitalia growth was attained a mean of 2.2 months (95% CI: -3.1, 7.5), 5.7 months (95% CI: 0.4, 11.0), and 3.7 months (95% CI: -1.7, 9.1) later for quartiles Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively, of βHCH compared with Q1 (p trend = 0.09). Tanner stage 5 for pubic hair growth occurred 6-9 months later on average for boys in the highest versus lowest quartile for HCB (p trend < 0.001), βHCH (trend p = 0.01), and p,p´-DDE (p trend = 0.04). No associations were observed between p,p´-DDE and Tanner stage 5 for genitalia growth or TV ≥ 20 mL.Higher prepubertal serum HCB and βHCH concentrations were associated with a later age at attainment of sexual maturity. Only the highest quartile of serum p,p´-DDE was associated with later pubic hair maturation.Lam T, Williams PL, Lee MM, Korrick SA, Birnbaum LS, Burns JS, Sergeyev O, Revich B, Altshul LM, Patterson DG Jr, Hauser R. 2015. Prepubertal serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and age at sexual maturity in Russian boys. Environ Health Perspect 123:1216-1221; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409022.
Cocaine, kindling, and psychosis
Authors: Robert M. Post, Richard T. Kopanda
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The authors review the evidence that repetitive administration of central nervous system stimulants and other compounds may be associated with progressively increasing effects on pathological behavior and seizures rather than tolerance. They suggest that the progressive effects of these compounds may be related to electrical kindling, a phenomenon in which repetitive subthreshold stimulation of the limbic system is eventually associated with major motor seizures. They review the studies supporting a pharmacological kindling mechansim and suggest a kindling model for psychological stimuli that combines neurophysiological, biochemical, and psychological perspectives.
Preliminary results of a phase I/II study in patients with pancreatic carcinoma, malignant melanoma, or colorectal carcinoma using systemic i.v. administration of AP 12009
Authors: A. Hilbig, T. Seufferlein, R. M. Schmid, T. Luger, H. Oettle, G. Schneider, S. Schmaus, G. Wuerth, H. Heinrichs, K. H. Schlingensiepen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

4621 Background: TGF-beta 2 is one of the most potent immunosuppressors playing a key role in tumor progression by regulating key mechanisms including metastasis, angiogenesis, and proliferation. AP 12009 specifically inhibits TGF-beta 2. It has already shown clinical efficacy in patients with high-grade glioma. Methods: The currently ongoing open-label, multicenter Phase I/II study AP 12009-P001 enrolls patients with pancreatic carcinoma (stage IVA/IVB), malignant melanoma (stage III/IV) or colorectal carcinoma (stage III/IV). Patients receive AP 12009 systemically i.v. according to a cohort dose escalation design. Primary objective is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Further objectives include assessment of safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of AP 12009. Results: Up to now, 17 patients in 4 cohorts were treated with AP 12009 i.v.. Per cycle, AP 12009 was administered as a continuous i.v. infusion for 7 d every other week. One treatment cycle comprises of 7 d on treatment and 7 d treatment-free period. Review of the safety data so far shows a good safety and tolerability profile. Dose limiting toxicities (thrombocytopenia, exanthema) at doses of 240 mg/m2/d allowed establishment of the MTD in the 7-day schedule (160 mg/m2/d). Encouraging first efficacy results were observed: One patient with pancreatic carcinoma (stage IV) from the 2nd cohort is alive after 128 weeks. He experienced a complete regression of liver metastases. It was in the same 2nd cohort (80 mg/m2/d) that survival times were longer than in the other cohorts. Thus the dose applied in this cohort will be in the focus of considerations for future trials. After the MTD had been reached for the initial schedule, a 2nd dose escalation was started using a modified treatment schedule of 4 d AP 12009 administration, followed by a treatment-free interval of 10 d for each treatment cycle. The goal of the new schedule is to avoid the DLTs observed in the original schedule. Conclusions: The encouraging preliminary efficacy and safety results of this study form the rationale for the use of AP 12009 as therapy for advanced solid tumors such as pancreatic carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and colorectal carcinoma. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Antisense Pharma Antisense Pharma Antisense Pharma
Multiple myeloma: Autologous stem cell transplantation versus conventional chemotherapy—A retrospective age and stage matched analysis
Authors: A. Gupta, L. Kumar, D. Dabkara, D. Gupta, O. Sharma, V. Sreeniwas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

7041 Background: We retrospectively analyzed results of MM patients who underwent high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation (ASCT). In age and stage matched analysis, we compared with those patients who received conventional chemotherapy. Methods: Between January 1995 and June 2007, 95 patients underwent ASCT (Tx Group). 149 age and stage matched patients received conventional chemotherapy (CC Group). High-dose melphalan (200 mg/m2) was used for conditioning in Tx group. Baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups: median age was 50 years (range, 26 to 68 years) in Tx group versus 52 years (range 24 to 68 years) in CC group, p &lt; 0.05; M:F = Tx Group -68:27 versus CC Group 98:51, p = 0.34; stage 3A/3B = 76.8%/23.2% in Tx Group versus 62.4%/37.6%, p = 0.02; mean Hb (Gm/dl) 9.1(range, 3.3–14.3) versus 8.6 (3.3–14.8), p = 0.21; median serum albumin (Gm/dl) 3.5 (range, 1.8–5.2) versus 3.4 (1.6–6.2), p = 0.7, respectively in two groups. Results: Following treatment, the response rates (CR + VGPR + PR = 81%) were significantly higher in Tx group compared to CC group (55%), p = 0.001. CR rate was higher in Tx group, 34.7% versus 12.8%, p &lt; 0.001. The median overall survival was significantly higher in Tx group (75 months, 95%CI [72–106 months]) versus (24 months, 95%CI [19–36months]), p = 0.001. The median progression free survival was 30 months in Tx group (95%CI [21–48 months]) compared to 6 months in CC group (95% CI 3–9 months), p &lt; 0.0001. Estimated overall survival at 5 years in Tx group is 66.6% (95% CI [54.8%-75.9%]) compared to 20.7% (95% CI [13.5%-29%]) in CC group. Conclusions: High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation results in higher overall and complete response rates in multiple myeloma patients. This is associated with improved progression free and overall survival. Low-dose maintenance therapy to sustain the survival benefit of transplant would be possible areas of research in future studies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Yellow Fever, Clinical Notes
Authors: Just Touatre, Charles Louis Chassaignac
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal