tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Research in brief
Authors: Holly Baker
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2020)

The combination of eflornithine plus sulindac is not superior to either drug alone in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), new research has shown. Carol Burke and colleagues randomly assigned patients with FAP to receive 150 mg of sulindac (n=58), 750 mg of eflornithine (n=57), or both (n=56) once daily for up to 48 months. Disease progression was noted in 22 (38%) patients in the sulindac group, 23 (40%) in the eflornithine group, and 18 (32%) in the combination group (hazard ratio [HR] for combination vs sulindac 0·71, 95% CI 0·39–1·32; p=0·29; HR for combination vs eflornithine 0·66, 0·36–1·24).
Abstract P015: A Novel Healthy Blood Pressure Phenotype is Associated With Better Cardiovascular Health Benefits and Neuropsychological Performance in the Long Life Family Study
Authors: Megan M Marron, Robert M Boudreau, Kaare Christensen, Stephanie Cosentino, Mary Feitosa, Ryan L Minster, Nicol Schupf, Paola Sebastiani, Svetlana Ukraintseva, Mary K Wojczynski, Anne B Newman
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: We assessed the hypothesis that a novel healthy blood pressure phenotype is familial and sought to identify factors associated with this phenotype in the Long Life Family Study (LLFS). Methods: The LLFS is a unique multi-center, international study that recruited families demonstrating clustering for longevity. Families were recruited from four centers; three in the U.S.: Boston, New York, and Pittsburgh and one in Denmark. The pedigrees included two generations: 1) probands and their siblings and 2) offspring of participants in the proband generation. Offspring (n=2211, ages 32-88, mean age=60.5; 43% male) were classified as having healthy blood pressure if their age- and sex-adjusted systolic blood pressure z-score was between -1.5 and -0.5 (i.e., a systolic blood pressure lower than expected for their age and sex, but not “too low”). Offspring on anti-hypertensive medications were classified as not having healthy blood pressure. Families (n=419) were defined as having healthy blood pressure if ≥2 and ≥50% of their offspring met the healthy blood pressure phenotype. Results: There were 476 (22%) offspring who met the healthy blood pressure phenotype. These offspring tended to have a better health profile than remaining offspring. When examining families, only 44 (11%) families met the criteria for healthy blood pressure. Both offspring and probands from families with healthy blood pressure performed better on neuropsychological tests that place demands on complex attention and executive function than offspring and probands from remaining families. Among families with healthy blood pressure, a higher proportion of offspring met the American Heart Association ideal cardiovascular health definition compared to remaining families (11% versus 4%, respectively, p&lt;0.0001; not including the diet component). There was also a larger proportion of probands (n=1164, ages 71-110, mean age=90.5; 45% male) who met the American Heart Association ideal cardiovascular health definition when compared to the U.S. prevalence for ≥6 components among those ages ≥60 (1% versus 0.1%, respectively). Conclusion: In this cohort of familial longevity, few families had a novel healthy blood pressure phenotype in multiple members. Families and individuals with healthy blood pressure performed better on neuropsychological tests that represent aspects of executive function and had a higher proportion with ideal cardiovascular health than the U.S. population. In summary, a novel healthy blood pressure phenotype was rarely familial in this cohort; however, when it was, it was associated with cognitive and cardiovascular health benefits. Blood pressure may be a key pathway for family longevity.
Personal View
Authors: N. O'Conor
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The author describes her emotional dilemma as she watches the breathing body of a patient in a persistent vegetative state. As a doctor, she recognizes the advances medicine has made in the treatment of trauma victims. However, she advocates wider discussion of care for those who have been in a coma for years, lack sentience or awareness, form no relationships, and have no prospect for recovery.
Surgery Rotation
Authors: Tim McBride
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum
Journal: BMJ (1844)

i&f*augt with,daner, to the lfief h 3a 4 sujecftz Reslaved, t jiW Lthq oViniouofLsnting itisexpedient that Government should rdpidde imle measure for the suppression of the sale of stamped3 -"Thtpetitions, embodying the foregoingresautions,@ be addressed to both Hou,e&of Parliaoent, and' tha a deputatioa do wait upon the E:arlooDartmptik and the Borouglh Wmbers, to-request them to present the same, and to use their best exertions to promote the success of its prayer.-"-That this meeting ack-noIed*s with pleasure the communleation received fromi the Chairman of the Birmingham and Midland Districts Medical.andSur- gical Ass6ciation, and is anxious to txpress -its appro- boflloof the principles on which that Society is formed."
Correction to Lancet Infect Dis 2020; published online March 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30243-7
Authors: Ximena Comment
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2020)

In this Comment, all data shown for influenza in the figure were incorrect and have been replaced with the case fatality ratio data calculated from reference 9. COVID-19 data in the figure are now shown to three significant figures.In the sixth paragraph of the text, the second sentence has been corrected to "… even for those aged 20-29 years, once infected with SARS-CoV-2, the case fatality ratio is around three times higher than that of seasonal influenza in people aged 18-49 years."These corrections have been made to the online version as of April 6, 2020, and will be made to the printed version.
Hepatology Highlights
Authors: Adam Buckholz, Catherine Lucero, Lauren M. Yang, Daryl T.Y. Lau, Cesar Taborda, Joel Wedd, Enis Kostallari, Robert E. Schwartz, Adebowale O. Bamidele, Tejasav S. Sehrawat, Alyson Kaplan, Brett E. Fortune, Nabeel Wahid, Brett E. Fortune, Anthony J. Choi, Robert S. Brown, Petra Hirsova, Nidhi Jalan‐Sakrikar
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Buckholz, Adam; Lucero, Catherine; Yang, Lauren M.; Lau, Daryl T.Y.; Taborda, Cesar; Wedd, Joel; Kostallari, Enis; Schwartz, Robert E.; Bamidele, Adebowale O.; Sehrawat, Tejasav S.; Kaplan, Alyson; Fortune, Brett E.; Wahid, Nabeel; Fortune, Brett E.; Choi, Anthony J.; Brown, Robert S. Jr.; Hirsova, Petra; Jalan‐Sakrikar, Nidhi Author Information
NCI Monographs No. 8 Smokeless Tobacco Use in the United States
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

NCI Monographs No. 8 Smokeless Tobacco Use in the United States JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 15, 2 August 1989, Page 1202, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.15.1202 Published: 02 August 1989
<i>Diagnostic Symptoms in Nervous Diseases</i>. By Edward Livingston Hunt, M. D., Instructor in Neurology and Assistant Chief of Clinic, College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Medical Department of Columbia University in the City of New York, etc. (<i>Philadelphia and London: w. B. Saunders Company, 1914</i>.)
Authors: N. H. B.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1914)
Postprandial elevation of remnant lipoprotein levels impairs endothelial function in normolipidemic healthy volunteers Toru Kato, Akira Tanaka, Yoshiaki Maruyama, Tetsuo Kamiyama, Otsu Watanabe, Shugo Tanaka, Nobuo Yoshimoto. Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School, Kawagoe, Japan, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The scalded skin syndrome
Authors: K. M. Halprin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The infant shown in Fig 1 and the adult in Fig 2 had much in common. Both had fever and would not allow the skin to be touched; in both a bright erythema suddenly erupted. From its early beginnings around the mouth, the redness spread within hours to cover most of the body and intensified to the color of a scald. As the redness extended to the limbs, large flaccid blisters appeared on the older areas and quickly ruptured or filled with pus. Moderate lateral pressure on unblistered skin caused the epidermis to slide off, leaving an oozing reddened denuded surface. Both were treated with antibiotics, steroids, and supportive measures. (Both had remissions in the fever.) Both showed improvement of the skin within four to five days. Both died within a week of the onset of the red reaction. The acute diffuse erythema and blistering described above is aptly called
Safety, immunogenicity, and protection provided by unadjuvanted and adjuvanted formulations of a recombinant plant-derived virus-like particle vaccine candidate for COVID-19 in nonhuman primates
Authors: Stéphane Pillet, Prabhu S. Arunachalam, Guadalupe Andreani, Nadia Golden, Jane Fontenot, Pyone Pyone Aye, Katharina Röltgen, Gabrielle Lehmicke, Philipe Gobeil, Charlotte Dubé, Sonia Trépanier, Nathalie Charland, Marc-André D’Aoust, Kasi Russell-Lodrigue, Christopher Monjure, Robert V. Blair, Scott D. Boyd, Rudolf P. Bohm, Jay Rappaport, François Villinger, Nathalie Landry, Bali Pulendran, Brian J. Ward
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2022)

Abstract Although antivirals are important tools to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, effective vaccines are essential to control the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Plant-derived virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidates have previously demonstrated immunogenicity and efficacy against influenza. Here, we report the immunogenicity and protection induced in rhesus macaques by intramuscular injections of a VLP bearing a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (CoVLP) vaccine candidate formulated with or without Adjuvant System 03 (AS03) or cytidine-phospho-guanosine (CpG) 1018. Although a single dose of the unadjuvanted CoVLP vaccine candidate stimulated humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, booster immunization (at 28 days after priming) and adjuvant administration significantly improved both responses, with higher immunogenicity and protection provided by the AS03-adjuvanted CoVLP. Fifteen micrograms of CoVLP adjuvanted with AS03 induced a polyfunctional interleukin-2 (IL-2)-driven response and IL-4 expression in CD4 T cells. Animals were challenged by multiple routes (i.e., intratracheal, intranasal, and ocular) with a total viral dose of 10 6 plaque-forming units of SARS-CoV-2. Lower viral replication in nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as fewer SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and immune cell infiltrates in the lungs concomitant with reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factors in the BALF were observed in animals immunized with the CoVLP adjuvanted with AS03. No clinical, pathologic, or virologic evidence of vaccine-associated enhanced disease was observed in vaccinated animals. The CoVLP adjuvanted with AS03 was therefore selected for vaccine development and clinical trials.
Phase I study of hydroxychloroquine plus binimetinib in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (the HOPE trial).
Authors: Rishi Surana, J. Jack Lee, Brandon George Smaglo, Dan Zhao, Michael Sangmin Lee, Robert A. Wolff, Michael J. Overman, Jason Willis, Channing J. Der, Shubham Pant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS634 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignancy with a dearth of effective therapeutic options. Over 90% of PDAC harbor activating mutations in the KRAS oncoprotein, which in turn leads to activation of downstream effector proteins in the the RAF-MEK-ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade serving to promote tumor cell survival, growth and metastasis. Unfortunately, single agent treatment with MAPK-inhibitors have had limited therapeutic efficacy in patients with PDAC owing to development of various tumor-cell intrinsic resistance mechanisms, including upregulation of autophagy. Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial drug that functions to inhibit autophagy by inhibiting acidification of lysosomes. Previously published preclinical data suggest combination therapy with binimetinib, a MEK 1/2 inhibitor, and hydroxychloroquine leads to enhanced killing of PDAC cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods: This is a single arm, single center phase I trial of binimetinib plus hydroxychloroquine in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer harboring a KRAS mutation. All patients will receive binimetinib at a fixed dose of 45mg PO twice daily (14-day cycles) while hydroxychloroquine will be dosed at 400mg PO twice daily (14-day cycles) and dose escalated using a Bayesian optimal interval design with a target toxicity rate of 0.3. Key eligibility criteria include histologically confirmed metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, prior treatment with at least one line of systemic therapy and a documented KRAS mutation. An estimated 24 patients will be enrolled in the first phase of this study and up to 15 patients in the dose expansion cohort. The primary endpoint of this study is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of hydroxychloroquine when combined with a fixed dose of binimetinib. Key secondary endpoints include safety and toxicity profile, response rate, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). This study is ongoing and has enrolled 10 patients at the time of submission. Clinical trial information: NCT04132505.
Small extracellular vesicles with nanomorphology memory promote osteogenesis
Authors: Liang Ma, Wencan Ke, Zhiwei Liao, Xiaobo Feng, Jie Lei, Kun Wang, Bingjin Wang, Gaocai Li, Rongjin Luo, Yunsong Shi, Weifeng Zhang, Yu Song, Weibin Sheng, Cao Yang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Nanotopographical cues endow biomaterials the ability to guide cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Cellular mechanical memory can maintain the cell status by retaining cellular information obtained from past mechanical microenvironments. Here, we propose a new concept "morphology memory of small extracellular vesicles (sEV)" for bone regeneration. We performed nanotopography on titanium plates through alkali and heat (Ti8) treatment to promote human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation. Next, we extracted the sEVs from the hMSC, which were cultured on the nanotopographical Ti plates for 21 days (Ti8-21-sEV). We demonstrated that Ti8-21-sEV had superior pro-osteogenesis ability in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing further confirmed that Ti8-21-sEV promote bone regeneration through osteogenic-related pathways, including the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction. Finally, we decorated the Ti8-21-sEV on a 3D printed porous polyetheretherketone scaffold. The femoral condyle defect model of rabbits was used to demonstrate that Ti8-21-sEV had the best bone ingrowth. In summary, our study demonstrated that the Ti8-21-sEV have memory function by copying the pro-osteogenesis information from the nanotopography. We expect that our study will encourage the discovery of other sEV with morphology memory for tissue regeneration.
Cell-free DNA for the detection of emerging treatment failure in relapsed/ refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Johannes M. Waldschmidt, Andrew J. Yee, Tushara Vijaykumar, Ricardo A. Pinto, Julia Frede, Praveen Anand, Giada Bianchi, Guangwu Guo, Sayalee Potdar, Charles Seifer, Monica S. Nair, Antonis Kokkalis, Jake A. Kloeber, Samantha Shapiro, Lillian Budano, Mason Mann, Robb Friedman, Brea Lipe, Erica Campagnaro, Elizabeth K. O’Donnell, Cheng-Zhong Zhang, Jacob P. Laubach, Nikhil C. Munshi, Paul G. Richardson, Kenneth C. Anderson, Noopur S. Raje, Birgit Knoechel, Jens G. Lohr
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
CD44v6 high membranous expression as a predictive marker of therapy response in patients with gastric cancer.
Authors: Ji-Hyeon Park, Gabriela M. Almeida, Carla Pereira, Carolina Lemos, Sofia Campelos, Irene Gullo, Diana Martins, Gilza Gonçalves, Dina Leitão, João Luís Neto, Ana André, Clara Borges, Daniela Almeida, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Seong-Ho Kong, Woo Ho Kim, Fatima Carneiro, Raquel Almeida, Han-Kwang Yang, Carla Oliveira
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

342 Background: In gastric cancer (GC), biomarkers that define prognosis and predict treatment response remain scarce. We hypothesized that the extent of CD44v6 membranous tumor expression could predict prognosis and therapy response in GC patients. Methods: Two GC surgical cohorts, from Portugal and South Korea (n = 964), were characterized for the extension of CD44v6 membranous immunoexpression, clinicopathological features, patient survival, and therapy response. The value of CD44v6 expression in predicting response to treatment and its impact on prognosis was determined. Results: High CD44v6 expression was associated with invasive features (perineural invasion and depth of invasion) in both cohorts and with worse survival in the Portuguese GC cohort (HR 1.461; 95% confidence interval 1.002–2.131). Patients with high CD44v6 tumor expression benefited from conventional chemotherapy in addition to surgery (p &lt; 0.05), particularly those with heterogeneous CD44v6- positive and -negative populations (CD44v6_3+) (p &lt; 0.007 and p &lt; 0.009). Conclusions: Our study is the first to identify CD44v6 high membranous expression as a potential predictive marker of response to conventional treatment, but it does not clarify CD44v6 prognostic value in GC. Importantly, our data support selection of GC patients with high CD44v6-expressing tumors for conventional chemotherapy in addition to surgery. These findings will allow better stratification of GC patients for treatment, potentially improving their overall survival.
Early Local Therapy for the Primary Site in De Novo Stage IV Breast Cancer: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial (E2108)
Authors: Seema A. Khan, Fengmin Zhao, Lori J. Goldstein, David Cella, Mark Basik, Mehra Golshan, Thomas B. Julian, Barbara A. Pockaj, Christine A. Lee, Wajeeha Razaq, Joseph A. Sparano, Gildy V. Babiera, Irene A. Dy, Sarika Jain, Paula Silverman, Carla S. Fisher, Amye J. Tevaarwerk, Lynne I. Wagner, George W. Sledge
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Distant metastases are present in 6% or more of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. In this context, locoregional therapy for the intact primary tumor has been hypothesized to improve overall survival (OS), but clinical trials have reported conflicting results.
Update to living systematic review on drug treatments for covid-19
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Update to living systematic review on drug treatments for covid-19This living systematic review by Siemieniuk and colleagues (BMJ 2020;370:m2980) has been updated.For the latest update, visit doi:.The latest version of this living systematic review includes results for new interventions angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, anakinra, full dose anticoagulation, ivermectin, ivermectin plus doxycycline, JAK inhibitors, lopinavir-ritonavir plus interferon-beta, peginterferon lambda, proxalutamide, sulodexide, vitamin C, and vitamin D (but certainty is generally low or very low); evidence that azithromycin may not have an impact on any patient-important outcome; evidence that interleukin-6 inhibitors probably reduce mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty) and may reduce duration of hospitalisation (low certainty); evidence that JAK inhibitors probably reduce duration of mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty) and may reduce mortality (low certainty), mechanical ventilation (low certainty), and duration of hospitalisation (low certainty); evidence that colchicine may reduce mortality (low certainty) and mechanical ventilation (low certainty) in outpatients with non-severe disease; and evidence on ivermectin and ivermectin plus doxycycline, but whether they affect any patient-important outcome remains very uncertain.
Corrections
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

from the physiological perspective, postulates that increased sympathetic activity from the CNS (flight or flight-like signal) dilates facial arterial vessels to allow greater flow to the face and dilates venous vessels to allow blood to pool near the skin surface before undergoing venous return (chapters 1 and 2).From the psychological perspective, various theories are rendered about the feelings that elicit a blush, most obviously, embarrassment and shame.However, less obvious psychosocial stimuli are also examined.For example, dramaturgical study and interviewing of actors (chapter 10) suggests that a blush occurs when a shy person's shyness is exposed, a problem that can be readily evident in actors.Also, simply being the center of attention or under scrutiny, even if not negative (i.e., when "Happy Birthday" is sung to an individual by a group of friends), can elicit a blush (chapter 9).Some books that consist of chapters written by many different authors can seem like a gathering of unrelated or overlapping independent essays.But this book forms a cohesive and comprehensive progression.The foreword, by Peter de Waal, and the opening chapter by the editors, Crozier and de Jong, set the stage and clearly define the central questions that will be addressed.Then, in the final chapter, the two editors summarize findings, citing specific chapters in turn and identifying conceptual links between them.This book is impressively free of redundancy, save for the fact that several chapters open with Darwin's quote, "Blushing is the most peculiar of all human expressions," which is endearing
Poison Ivy.
Authors: A. W. Balch
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Washington, D. C., March 6,1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Jan. 27, 1906, page 301, you quote from the<i>Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic</i>from an article by Dr. E. S. McKee on the subject of poisoning by poison oak or ivy. Is it possible that the work of Pfaff, published in the<i>Journal of Experimental Medicine</i>(1897, vol. ii, No. 2), is not yet known to the profession? Dr. McKee "has been poisoned twice by these plants and feels that he knows many times more about the trouble than he possibly could have known had he not had this experience." I have been poisoned about eighty times and feel that I also know something of the condition. As a result of the work of Pfaff, we know that the irritant substance of<i>Rhus toxicodendron</i>and<i>Rhus venenata</i>is a fixed oil which is soluble in alcohol and which is precipitated by