tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Applying deep learning in digital breast tomosynthesis for automatic breast cancer detection: A review
Authors: Jun Bai, Russell Posner, Tianyu Wang, Clifford Yang, Sheida Nabavi
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2021)

The relatively recent reintroduction of deep learning has been a revolutionary force in the interpretation of diagnostic imaging studies. However, the technology used to acquire those images is undergoing a revolution itself at the very same time. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is one such technology, which has transformed the field of breast imaging. DBT, a form of three-dimensional mammography, is rapidly replacing the traditional two-dimensional mammograms. These parallel developments in both the acquisition and interpretation of breast images present a unique case study in how modern AI systems can be designed to adapt to new imaging methods. They also present a unique opportunity for co-development of both technologies that can better improve the validity of results and patient outcomes. In this review, we explore the ways in which deep learning can be best integrated into breast cancer screening workflows using DBT. We first explain the principles behind DBT itself and why it has become the gold standard in breast screening. We then survey the foundations of deep learning methods in diagnostic imaging, and review the current state of research into AI-based DBT interpretation. Finally, we present some of the limitations of integrating AI into clinical practice and the opportunities these present in this burgeoning field.
Echocardiographic measurement of right ventricular volume.
Authors: R ALevine, T CGibson, TAretz, L DGillam, D EGuyer, M EKing, A EWeyman
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The volume of the right ventricle can be determined angiographically from its projections in two mutually perpendicular planes. Echocardiographic techniques for measuring right ventricular volume, however, have been more difficult and less successful. In this study, a method was developed for calculating right ventricular volume from two intersecting cross-sectional echocardiographic views: the apical four-chamber and subcostal right ventricular outflow tract views. First, the areas and lengths of casts of 12 human right ventricles obtained at autopsy were directly measured in the chosen views. Actual cast volumes correlated best with a formula giving volume as 2/3 times the area in one view times the long axis in the other view. The degree of correlation was similarly high for calculations involving the area derived from either view and the length of the roughly orthogonal section. This relationship for right ventricular volume was then confirmed with two-dimensional echocardiographic images of hollow la...
Atrial natriuretic peptide in chronic heart failure in the rat: a correlation with ventricular dysfunction.
Authors: KTsunoda, G PHodsman, ESumithran, C IJohnston
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

To assess the relation between atrial natriuretic peptide and ventricular dysfunction, we simultaneously measured both atrial and plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in rats 4 weeks after myocardial infarction induced by left coronary artery ligation. When compared to controls (n = 39), rats with infarction (n = 16) had markedly elevated plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations (1205.8 +/- 180.9 vs. 126.7 +/- 8.9 pg/ml, p less than 0.001) and reduced immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in right and left atria (31.4 +/- 4.6 vs. 61.2 +/- 3.2 ng/mg, p less than 0.001; 14.9 +/- 2.2 vs. 32.7 +/- 2.4 ng/mg, p less than 0.001, respectively). Right ventricular weight increased in proportion to infarct size, and both were correlated with plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide levels (r = 0.825, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.816, p less than 0.001, respectively). Right atrial immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide content was signifi...
Contour proposal networks for biomedical instance segmentation
Authors: Eric Upschulte, Stefan Harmeling, Katrin Amunts, Timo Dickscheid
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)

We present a conceptually simple framework for object instance segmentation, called Contour Proposal Network (CPN), which detects possibly overlapping objects in an image while simultaneously fitting closed object contours using a fixed-size representation based on Fourier Descriptors. The CPN can incorporate state-of-the-art object detection architectures as backbone networks into a single-stage instance segmentation model that can be trained end-to-end. We construct CPN models with different backbone networks and apply them to instance segmentation of cells in datasets from different modalities. In our experiments, CPNs outperform U-Net, Mask R-CNN and StarDist in instance segmentation accuracy. We present variants with execution times suitable for real-time applications. The trained models generalize well across different domains of cell types. Since the main assumption of the framework is closed object contours, it is applicable to a wide range of detection problems also beyond the biomedical domain. An implementation of the model architecture in PyTorch is freely available.
Idiopathic prolapsed mitral leaflet syndrome. Angiographic-clinical correlations.
Authors: NRanganathan, M DSilver, T IRobinson, J KWilson
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Angiographic clinical correlations were made in 59 patients with prolapsed mitral leaflet syndrome. Eight had nonejection systolic clicks (group I), 20 had early, mid or late systolic murmurs with or without a systolic click (group II), and 31 had pansystolic murmurs (group III). Isolated prolapse of posterior leaflet (PL) scallops occurred in 42 and 17 had combined leaflet prolapse. The study demonstrated the following: (I) Group II patients usually had isolated PL prolapse with a predominant biscallop involvement while a high incidence of triple scallop prolapse and combined mitral leaflet prolapse occurred in group III. (II) Severe mitral regurgitation and a greater incidence of atrial fibrillation were seen in patients with triscallop prolapse and combined mitral leaflet prolapse. Mitral regurgitation was milder in patients with single and biscallop prolapse and, when severe, was associated with ruptured chordae. (III) ST-T wave abnormalities in the inferior leads were most frequent in patients with i...
Left ventricular myocardial structure in aortic valve disease before, intermediate, and late after aortic valve replacement.
Authors: H PKrayenbuehl, O MHess, E SMonrad, JSchneider, GMall, MTurina
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Left ventricular biplane cineangiography, micromanometry, and endomyocardial biopsies were performed in 27 patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and in 17 patients with aortic insufficiency (AI). Twenty-three patients with AS and 15 with AI were restudied at an intermediate time (18 months after successful valve replacement), and nine patients with AS and six with AI were restudied late (70 and 62 months after surgery). Biopsy samples were evaluated for muscle fiber diameter, percent interstitial fibrosis, and volume fraction of myofibrils. In control biopsy samples obtained from five donor hearts at transplantation, these morphometric variables averaged 21.2 microns, 7.0%, and 57.2%, respectively. After surgery, mass determined by cineangiography decreased from 186 to 115 and 94 g/m2 in patients with AS and from 201 to 131 and 93 g/m2 in patients with AI. At the three studies, muscle fiber diameter was 30.9, 28.0, and 28.7 microns in patients with AS and was 31.4, 27.6, and 26.4 microns in patients with AI....
Activation of cardiac vagal afferents in ischemia and reperfusion. Prostaglandins versus oxygen-derived free radicals.
Authors: E EUstinova, H DSchultz
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion can evoke excitation of cardiac vagal nerve endings and activation of a cardiogenic depressor reflex (Bezold-Jarisch effect). We postulate that oxygen-derived free radicals, which are known to be produced during prolonged ischemia and reperfusion, contribute to this afferent excitation. We recorded activity from 47 chemosensitive vagal afferent fibers in 31 rats; the endings of these fibers were located in the left ventricle. Chemosensitive endings were identified with topical applications of capsaicin (10 micrograms) to the surface of the heart. Reactivity of the endings to oxygen-derived free radicals was assessed by topical application of H2O2 (3 to 9 mumol). Activity of the vagal fibers was recorded during 30 minutes of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and 10 minutes of subsequent reperfusion. The activity of chemosensitive endings within the ischemic zone increased in the first 2 minutes of LAD occlusion from 2.2 +/- 0.4 to 4.3 +/- 0....
Use-dependence of ryanodine effects on postrest contraction in ferret cardiac muscle.
Authors: C OMalecot, B GKatzung
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

During an investigation of the effect of ryanodine on contractions in cardiac muscle, it was found that long rest periods removed all or most of the drug's effect. Therefore, we studied the kinetics of block development and recovery from block produced by low concentrations of ryanodine (1-100 pM) on the postrest contractions of ferret papillary muscle. At 100 pM, ryanodine depressed steady-state contraction amplitude slightly (4.2 +/- 1.1% mean +/- SEM, n = 10) but strongly inhibited (40-80%) the first contraction (postrest contraction) elicited on restimulation of the preparation after rest periods of 1 second to 5 minutes. Under control conditions, the nearly maximal potentiation of the twitch occurring after a standard test rest period (30 seconds of rest) was not affected by a preceding conditioning rest of up to 20 minutes. In the presence of 100 pM ryanodine, a conditioning rest increased the amplitude of the twitch elicited after a test rest, and the test rest contraction recovered toward control ...
Covid vaccine: Prioritise over 16s living with immunosuppressed adults, says JCVI
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

People aged 16 or over who live with immunosuppressed adults should be prioritised for covid-19 vaccination alongside priority group 6 (people aged 16 to 65 who have a clinical condition that puts them at higher risk), the UK government's vaccine advisory committee has said.This would include people living in households with an adult who has a weakened immune system, such as those with blood cancer or HIV, or people on immunosuppressive treatment, including chemotherapy, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation said.These people are not only more likely to have poorer outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection but may not respond as well to the vaccine as others, recent evidence indicates, said the JCVI.The committee said it had made the new recommendation after evidence emerged showing that the covid-19 vaccines may reduce transmission, meaning that vaccinating those around immunosuppressed individuals could help reduce their risk of infection.The JCVI's chair of covid-19 immunisations, Wei Shen Lim, said, "The vaccination programme has so far seen high vaccine uptake and very encouraging results on infection rates, hospitalisations, and mortality.Yet we know that the vaccine isn't as effective in those who are immunosuppressed.Our latest advice will help reduce the risk of infection in those who may not be able to fully benefit from being vaccinated themselves."Mary Ramsay, head of immunisation at Public Health England, said, "Our surveillance systems and research studies are showing that the covid-19 vaccines can reduce asymptomatic infection and limit transmission of the virus.By vaccinating those who live with adults who are immunosuppressed, we can further help protect vulnerable people."
Substance P dilates epicardial coronary arteries and increases coronary blood flow in humans.
Authors: D CCrossman, S WLarkin, R WFuller, G JDavies, AMaseri
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The effects of intracoronary infusions of substance P in conscious humans on epicardial vessel diameter and coronary sinus oxygen saturation were investigated in 13 patients who had angiographically normal coronary arteries. The dose of substance P ranged from 2.8 to 89.6 pmol/min, starting at 2.8 pmol/min and rising by doubling increments. All infusions were performed for 2-minute periods. Epicardial vessel diameter was measured by a computerized analysis system (CAAS) of the angiogram performed at the end of each infusion period. Coronary sinus oxygen saturation (CSO2) was measured continuously by a fiber-optic oximeter catheter in the coronary sinus. A reduction of arterial pressure, indicative of a systemic effect of substance P, occurred only when infusions were 44.8 pmol/min or more. At considerably smaller dosages, a dose-dependent increase in the left anterior descending artery diameter was seen with substance P; maximal dilation occurred at a dosage of 11.2 pmol/min. The percent increase in vesse...
Cholangioscopy With Laser Lithotripsy in the Treatment of a Patient With Type II Mirizzi Syndrome
Authors: M Moreira, J Fernandes, T Araújo, J Canena, L Lopes
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

87 year-old patient with acute colangitis. In ERCP, a 5 mm stenosis was observed in the distal commom bile duct, with upstream dilation. A 12 mm stone appeared to be impacted on the cystic duct. The cholangio-MRI confirmed the diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome.
Single-Operator Learning Curve For Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection With An Untutored, Prevalence-Based Approach In A Non-Academic Greek Hospital
Authors: G Mavrogenis, F Bazerbachi, I Tsevgas, D Zachariadis
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims The aim of this report is to present a real-life experience of practicing ESD without tutoring in a private medium sized non-academic hospital in Greece by a junior endoscopist who was trained exclusively in Europe.
Combined hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine in cardiogenic shock.
Authors: CRichard, J LRicome, ARimailho, GBottineau, PAuzepy
Journal: Circulation (1983)

In eight mechanically ventilated patients in cardiogenic shock, we assessed the hemodynamic effects of an infusion of dopamine and dobutamine and evaluated its role in preventing the deleterious effects of administering each amine alone. Each patient received three infusions in a randomly assigned order: dopamine, 15 micrograms/kg/min; dobutamine, 15 micrograms/kg/min; and a combination of dopamine, 7.5 micrograms/kg/min, and dobutamine, 7.5 micrograms/kg/min. Stroke volume index increased similarly with the three infusions, but dopamine alone increased oxygen consumption (p less than 0.05 vs dobutamine alone and dopamine-dobutamine combined). The dopamine-dobutamine combination increased mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.05 vs dobutamine), maintained pulmonary capillary wedge pressure within normal limits (p less than vs dopamine), and prevented the worsening of hypoxemia induced by dopamine (p less than 0.05). The dopamine-dobutamine combination appears to be useful in the management of mechanically...
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: D. Colvin
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vocal cord dysfunction and wheezing.
Authors: R M Niven, C A Pickering
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Although we agree with most of the review, we would disagree with their comments on hypoxaemia.They state that absence ofhypoxaemia in vocal cord dysfunction helps to differentiate this condition from acute asthma.We have seen two cases ourselves' where hypoxaemia is a feature of vocal cord dysfunction.In one case the hypoxaemia (arterial oxygen tension Pao2) 79 mm Hg with 100%
Effects of substrates on tissue metabolic changes in the isolated rat heart during underperfusion and on release of lactate dehydrogenase and arrhythmias during reperfusion.
Authors: O LBricknell, L HOpie
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

In Langendorff-perfused rat hearts, the perfusion pressure was reduced from 100 cm H2O to 20 cm H2O for 30 minutes to produce a model of global ischemia with a residual oxygen uptake. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias during reperfusion were dependent on the substrate. Glucose-perfused hearts had the highest rates of glycolytic ATP production (2.5 mumol/g per min) during ischemia with normal contents of tissue cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and, during reperfusion, the release of LDH was lowest and severe ventricular arrhythmias did not occur. In pyruvate-perfused hearts, glycolysis was inhibited during ischemia, the rate of production of glycolytic ATP was only 0.5 mumol/g per min. and tissue cAMP doubled; during reperfusion, LDH release was 14-fold higher and ventricular arrhythmias were more severe. Total tissue contents of ATP and phosphocreatine were similar in glucose- and in pyruvate-perfused hearts. In hearts perfused with acetate...
Revising the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) research priorities: a research progress update
Authors: Pradeep Bhandari, Gaius Longcroft-Wheaton, Diogo Libanio, Pedro Pimentel-Nunes, Eduardo Albeniz, Mathieu Pioche, Reena Sidhu, Cristiano Spada, Andrea Anderloni, Alessandro Repici, Rehan Haidry, Marc Barthet, Helmut Neumann, Giulio Antonelli, Alberto Testoni, Thierry Ponchon, Peter D. Siersema, Lorenzo Fuccio, Cesare Hassan, Mario Dinis-Ribeiro
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Abstract Background One of the aims of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) is to encourage high quality endoscopic research at a European level. In 2016, the ESGE research committee published a set of research priorities. As endoscopic research is flourishing, we aimed to review the literature and determine whether endoscopic research over the last 4 years had managed to address any of our previously published priorities. Methods As the previously published priorities were grouped under seven different domains, a working party with at least two European experts was created for each domain to review all the priorities under that domain. A structured review form was developed to standardize the review process. The group conducted an extensive literature search relevant to each of the priorities and then graded the priorities into three categories: (1) no longer a priority (well-designed trial, incorporated in national/international guidelines or adopted in routine clinical practice); (2) remains a priority (i. e. the above criterion was not met); (3) redefine the existing priority (i. e. the priority was too vague with the research question not clearly defined). Results The previous ESGE research priorities document published in 2016 had 26 research priorities under seven domains. Our review of these priorities has resulted in seven priorities being removed from the list, one priority being partially removed, another seven being redefined to make them more precise, with eleven priorities remaining unchanged. This is a reflection of a rapid surge in endoscopic research, resulting in 27 % of research questions having already been answered and another 27 % requiring redefinition. Conclusions Our extensive review process has led to the removal of seven research priorities from the previous (2016) list, leaving 19 research priorities that have been redefined to make them more precise and relevant for researchers and funding bodies to target.
Adenine nucleotide changes in kidney, liver, and small intestine during different forms of ischemic injury.
Authors: R AZager
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The purpose of this study was to better characterize renal adenine nucleotide pool responses to different forms of shock, contrast the changes to those found in other intra-abdominal organs (the liver and small intestine), and assess whether these changes are closely mimicked by those produced by renal arterial occlusion, the usual method used to study ischemic acute renal failure. Rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock, septic shock, or cardiopulmonary shock of varying severities and durations. The liver consistently had the greatest energy depletion, followed by the kidney, and then the small intestine. However, only the kidney developed clear morphological damage (S3 brush border sloughing). Kidney adenylate pools were better preserved during septic shock and cardiopulmonary shock than during hemorrhagic shock despite comparable blood pressures. Only profound hemorrhagic shock (35-40 mm Hg for 25 minutes) decreased total adenylate pools (ATP + ADP + AMP). However, the degree of renal catabolite (nucl...
Surgical bifascicular block.
Authors: D BPahlajani, MSerratto, AMehta, R AMiller, AHastreiter, K MRosen
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Electrophysiological studies were performed in 18 patients who developed bifascicular block after repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) or tetralogy of Fallot (TF). Two had transient complete heart block (CHB) in the immediate postoperative period. The P-A intervals were normal in all. A-H and H-V intervals were prolonged in three and four cases, respectively. Atrial pacing at progressively increasing heart rates was performed in 15 patients; two developed type II block distal to the His bundle (H). The effective and functional refractory periods (ERP and FRP) of the atrium (11 cases) were normal in all. The ERP of the A-V node (seven cases) was prolonged in found and the FRP was increased in three. The ERP of the ventricular specialized conduction system was measured in two cases and was prolonged in one. In all, seven cases had abnormalities indicating disease of the A-V node and/or His-Purkinje system. Recording of intervals, atrial pacing, and determination of refractory periods (RPs) was necessar...
Cardiovascular reflexes arising from the gallbladder of the cat. Effects of capsaicin, bradykinin, and distension.
Authors: G AOrdway, J CLonghurst
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

We have studied the cardiovascular responses which can be evoked when the gallbladder is stimulated pharmacologically or mechanically. To determine the potential for reflex cardiovascular activation, we applied capsaicin, a selective thin-fiber agonist, to the serosal surface of the gallbladder. This algesic substance evoked cardiovascular responses which included increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 14%, heart rate (HR) by 3%, left ventricular dP/dt at 40 mm Hg developed pressure (dP/dt DP40) by 14%, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) by 19%. There were no demonstrable effects on the cardiovascular system when this same substance was applied to the surface of the liver. Bilateral vagotomy at the level of the diaphragm did not alter the responses to capsaicin. Right atrial overdrive pacing did not reduce the positive inotropic effect elicited when the gallbladder was stimulated. Removal of the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia, or selective denervation of the gallbladder, abolished the ca...