tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacodynamics of Tremelimumab Plus Durvalumab for Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Randomized Expansion of a Phase I/II Study
Authors: Robin Kate Kelley, Bruno Sangro, William Harris, Masafumi Ikeda, Takuji Okusaka, Yoon-Koo Kang, Shukui Qin, David W.-M. Tai, Ho Yeong Lim, Thomas Yau, Wei-Peng Yong, Ann-Lii Cheng, Antonio Gasbarrini, Silvia Damian, Jordi Bruix, Mitesh Borad, Johanna Bendell, Tae-You Kim, Nathan Standifer, Philip He, Mallory Makowsky, Alejandra Negro, Masatoshi Kudo, Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

This phase I/II study evaluated tremelimumab (anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 monoclonal antibody) and durvalumab (antiprogrammed death ligand-1 monoclonal antibody) as monotherapies and in combination for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including a novel regimen featuring a single, priming dose of tremelimumab (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02519348).Patients with HCC who had progressed on, were intolerant to, or refused sorafenib were randomly assigned to receive T300 + D (tremelimumab 300 mg plus durvalumab 1,500 mg [one dose each during the first cycle] followed by durvalumab 1,500 mg once every 4 weeks), durvalumab monotherapy (1,500 mg once every 4 weeks), tremelimumab monotherapy (750 mg once every 4 weeks [seven doses] and then once every 12 weeks), or T75 + D (tremelimumab 75 mg once every 4 weeks plus durvalumab 1,500 mg once every 4 weeks [four doses] followed by durvalumab 1,500 mg once every 4 weeks). Safety was the primary end point. Secondary end points included objective response rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1 and overall survival; exploratory end points included circulating lymphocyte profiles.A total of 332 patients were enrolled (T300 + D, n = 75; durvalumab, n = 104; tremelimumab, n = 69; and T75 + D, n = 84). Tolerability was acceptable across arms, with grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events occurring in 37.8%, 20.8%, 43.5%, and 24.4%, respectively. Confirmed ORRs (95% CI) were 24.0% (14.9 to 35.3), 10.6% (5.4 to 18.1), 7.2% (2.4 to 16.1), and 9.5% (4.2 to 17.9), respectively. An early expansion of CD8+ lymphocytes was associated with response across arms, with highest proliferating CD8+ lymphocyte levels occurring in the T300 + D arm. The median (95% CI) overall survival was 18.7 (10.8 to 27.3), 13.6 (8.7 to 17.6), 15.1 (11.3 to 20.5), and 11.3 (8.4 to 15.0) months in the T300 + D, durvalumab, tremelimumab, and T75 + D arms, respectively.All regimens were found to be tolerable and clinically active; however, the T300 + D regimen demonstrated the most encouraging benefit-risk profile. The unique pharmacodynamic activity and association with ORR of the T300 + D regimen further support its continued evaluation in HCC.
Impact of everolimus on survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Incheon Kang, Jae Geun Lee, Sung Hoon Choi, Hyun Jeong Kim, Dai Hoon Han, Gi Hong Choi, Myoung Soo Kim, Jin Sub Choi, Soon Il Kim, Dong Jin Joo
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2021)

This study aimed to investigate whether everolimus (EVR) affects long-term survival after liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).The data from 303 consecutive patients with HCC who had undergone LT from January 2012 to July 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: 1) patients treated with EVR in combination with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) (EVR group; n=114) and 2) patients treated with CNI-based therapy without EVR (non-EVR group; n=189). Time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) after propensity score (PS) matching were compared between the groups, and prognostic factors for TTR and OS were evaluated.The EVR group exhibited more aggressive tumor biology than the non-EVR group, such as a higher number of tumors (P=0.003), a higher prevalence of microscopic vascular invasion (P=0.017) and exceeding Milan criteria (P=0.029). Compared with the PS-matched non-EVR group, the PS-matched EVR group had significantly better TTR (P<0.001) and OS (P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, EVR was identified as an independent prognostic factor for TTR (hazard ratio [HR], 0.248; P=0.001) and OS (HR, 0.145; P<0.001).Combined with CNIs, EVR has the potential to prolong long-term survival in patients undergoing LT for HCC. These findings warrant further investigation in a well-designed prospective study.
Silencing Myeloid Netrin-1 Induces Inflammation Resolution and Plaque Regression
Authors: Martin Schlegel, Monika Sharma, Emily J. Brown, Alexandra A.C. Newman, Yannick Cyr, Milessa Silva Afonso, Emma M. Corr, Graeme J. Koelwyn, Coen van Solingen, Jonathan Guzman, Rubab Farhat, Cyrus A. Nikain, Lianne C. Shanley, Daniel Peled, Ann Marie Schmidt, Edward A. Fisher, Kathryn J. Moore
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

Rationale: Therapeutic efforts to decrease atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk have focused largely on reducing atherogenic lipoproteins, yet lipid-lowering therapies alone are insufficient to fully regress plaque burden. We postulate that arterial repair requires resolution of a maladaptive immune response and that targeting factors that hinder inflammation resolution will facilitate plaque regression. Objective: The guidance molecule Ntn1 (netrin-1) is secreted by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, where it sustains inflammation by enhancing macrophage survival and blocking macrophage emigration. We tested whether silencing Ntn1 in advanced atherosclerosis could resolve arterial inflammation and regress plaques. Methods and Results: To temporally silence Ntn1 in myeloid cells, we generated genetically modified mice in which Ntn1 could be selectively deleted in monocytes and macrophages using a tamoxifen-induced CX3CR1-driven cre recombinase (Ntn1fl/flCx3cr1creERT2+) and littermate control mice (Ntn1fl/flCx3cr1WT). Mice were fed Western diet in the setting of hepatic PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) overexpression to render them atherosclerotic and then treated with tamoxifen to initiate deletion of myeloid Ntn1 (MøΔNtn1) or not in controls (MøWT). Morphometric analyses performed 4 weeks later showed that myeloid Ntn1 silencing reduced plaque burden in the aorta (−50%) and plaque complexity in the aortic root. Monocyte-macrophage tracing experiments revealed lower monocyte recruitment, macrophage retention, and proliferation in MøΔNtn1 compared with MøWT plaques, indicating a restructuring of monocyte-macrophage dynamics in the artery wall upon Ntn1 silencing. Single-cell RNA sequencing of aortic immune cells before and after Ntn1 silencing revealed upregulation of gene pathways involved in macrophage phagocytosis and migration, including the Ccr7 chemokine receptor signaling pathway required for macrophage emigration from plaques and atherosclerosis regression. Additionally, plaques from MøΔNtn1 mice showed hallmarks of inflammation resolution, including higher levels of proresolving macrophages, IL (interleukin)-10, and efferocytosis, as compared to plaques from MøWT mice. Conclusion: Our data show that targeting Ntn1 in advanced atherosclerosis ameliorates atherosclerotic inflammation and promotes plaque regression.
P-60 Doxycycline as preventive treatment of skin toxicity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with an anti-EGFR and chemotherapy
Authors: P. Ramirez Daffos, E. Jiménez, M. Bolaños Naranjo, B. González-Astorga, S. Rubiales, E. Ceballos Barbancho, J. Rodríguez, J. Reina Zoilo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Cerebrovascular Events in Patients With Centrifugal-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices: Propensity Score–Matched Analysis From the Intermacs Registry
Authors: Sung-Min Cho, J. Hunter Mehaffey, Susan L. Meyers, Ryan S. Cantor, Randall C. Starling, James K. Kirklin, Jeffrey P. Jacobs, John Kern, Ken Uchino, Leora T. Yarboro
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents remain common among patients with centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist devices, despite improvements in survival and device longevity. We compared the incidence of neurologic adverse events (NAEs) associated with 2 contemporary centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist devices: the Abbott HeartMate3 (HM3) and the Medtronic HeartWare HVAD (HVAD). Methods: Using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (Intermacs), we collected data on adult patients who received a centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device as a primary isolated implant between January 1, 2017, and September 30, 2019. Major NAEs were defined as transient ischemic attack, ischemic cerebrovascular accident, or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident. The association of HVAD with risk of NAE in the first year after implant was evaluated using propensity score matching to balance for preimplant risk factors. After matching, freedom from first major NAE in the HM3 and HVAD cohorts was compared with Kaplan-Meier curves. A secondary analysis using multivariable multiphase hazard models was used to identify predictors of NAE, which uses a data-driven parametric fit of the early declining and constant phase hazards and the associations of risk factor with either phase. Results: Of 6205 included patients, 3129 (50.4%) received the HM3 and 3076 (49.6%) received the HVAD. Median follow-up was 9 and 12 months (HM3 and HVAD, respectively). Patients receiving HVAD had more major NAEs (16.4% versus 6.4%, P &lt;0.001) as well as each subtype (transient ischemic attack: 3.3% versus 1.0%, P &lt;0.001; ischemic cerebrovascular accident: 7.7% versus 3.4%, P &lt;0.001; hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident: 7.2% versus 2.0%, P &lt;0.001) than did patients receiving HM3. A propensity-matched cohort balanced for preimplant risk factors showed that HVAD was associated with higher probabilities of major NAEs (% freedom from NAE 82% versus 92%, P &lt;0.001). Device type was not significantly associated with NAEs in the early hazard phase, but HVAD was associated with higher incidence of major NAEs during the constant hazard phase (hazard ratio, 5.71 [CI, 3.90–8.36]). Conclusions: HM3 is associated with lower hazard of major NAEs than is HVAD beyond the early postimplantation period and during the constant hazard phase. Defining the explanation for this observation will inform device selection for individual patients.
RNA Splicing Factors SRRM3 and SRRM4 Distinguish Molecular Phenotypes of Castration-Resistant Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mark P. Labrecque, Lisha G. Brown, Ilsa M. Coleman, Bryce Lakely, Nicholas J. Brady, John K. Lee, Holly M. Nguyen, Dapei Li, Brian Hanratty, Michael C. Haffner, David S. Rickman, Lawrence D. True, Daniel W. Lin, Hung-Ming Lam, Joshi J. Alumkal, Eva Corey, Peter S. Nelson, Colm Morrissey
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an increasingly common clinical feature arising from cellular plasticity. We recently characterized two mCRPC phenotypes with NE features: androgen receptor (AR)-positive NE-positive amphicrine prostate cancer (AMPC) and AR-negative small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer (SCNPC). Here, we interrogated the regulation of RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST), a transcriptional repressor of neuronal genes, and elucidated molecular programs driving AMPC and SCNPC biology. Analysis of prostate cancer cell lines, mCRPC specimens, and LuCaP patient-derived xenograft models detected alternative splicing of REST to REST4 and attenuated REST repressor activity in AMPC and SCNPC. The REST locus was also hypermethylated and REST expression was reduced in SCNPC. While serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 4 (SRRM4) was previously implicated in alternative splicing of REST in mCRPC, we detected SRRM3 expression in REST4-positive, SRRM4-negative AMPC, and SCNPC. In CRPC cell lines, SRRM3 induced alternative splicing of REST to REST4 and exacerbated the expression of REST-repressed genes. Furthermore, SRRM3 and SRRM4 expression defined molecular subsets of AMPC and SCNPC across species and tumor types. Two AMPC phenotypes and three SCNPC phenotypes were characterized, denoted either by REST attenuation and ASCL1 activity or by progressive activation of neuronal transcription factor programs, respectively. These results nominate SRRM3 as the principal REST splicing factor expressed in early NE differentiation and provide a framework to molecularly classify diverse NE phenotypes in mCRPC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies SRRM3 as a key inducer of cellular plasticity in prostate cancer with neuroendocrine features and delineates distinct neuroendocrine phenotypes to inform therapeutic development and precision medicine applications.
A resident stromal cell population actively restrains innate immune response in the propagation phase of colitis pathogenesis in mice
Authors: Liang Gao, Qian Yu, Huasheng Zhang, Zhengting Wang, Tianyu Zhang, Jinnan Xiang, Shuxiang Yu, Shaoyang Zhang, Hongguang Wu, Yizhou Xu, Zhuo Wang, Lu Shen, Gang Shu, Ye-Guang Chen, Huijuan Liu, Lei Shen, Baojie Li
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Resident stromal cells suppress IBD pathogenesis in mice.
Effect of patient‐centered transitional care services on patient‐reported outcomes in heart failure: sex‐specific analysis of the <scp>PACT‐HF</scp> randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vanessa Blumer, Anastasia Gayowsky, Feng Xie, Stephen J. Greene, Michelle M. Graham, Justin A. Ezekowitz, Richard Perez, Dennis T. Ko, Lehana Thabane, Faiez Zannad, Harriette G.C. Van Spall
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)
The driving role of the Cdk5/Tln1/FAKS732 axis in cancer cell extravasation dissected by human vascularized microfluidic models
Authors: Mara Gilardi, Simone Bersini, Silvia Valtorta, Marco Proietto, Martina Crippa, Alexandra Boussommier-Calleja, Myriam Labelle, Rosa Maria Moresco, Marco Vanoni, Roger D. Kamm, Matteo Moretti
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)
Clinical aspect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COIVD-19) on HBV infected patients in term of Health Insurance Review and Assessment service data
Authors: Y. K. Jung, G. H. Seo, T. H. Kim, S. Y. Yim, Y. S. Lee, J. H. Kim, Y. S. Seo, H. J. Yim, J. E. Yeon, K. S. Byun, S. H. Um
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2021)
Effect of Anthracycline Dose on Acute Anthracycline Induced Cardiotoxicity in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Oren Pasvolsky, Olga Morelli, Uri Rozovski, Moti Vaturi, Ofir Wolach, Irina Amitai, Iuliana Vaxman, Roy Ratzon, Moshe Yeshurun, Zaza Iakobishvili, Ran Kornowski, Pia Raanani
Journal: Blood (2017)
Estimating global and regional disruptions to routine childhood vaccine coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: a modelling study
Authors: Kate Causey, Nancy Fullman, Reed J D Sorensen, Natalie C Galles, Peng Zheng, Aleksandr Aravkin, M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday, Ramon Martinez-Piedra, Samir V Sodha, Martha Patricia Velandia-González, Marta Gacic-Dobo, Emma Castro, Jiawei He, Megan Schipp, Amanda Deen, Simon I Hay, Stephen S Lim, Jonathan F Mosser
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
A Multitask Deep-Learning System to Classify Diabetic Macular Edema for Different Optical Coherence Tomography Devices: A Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Fangyao Tang, Xi Wang, An-ran Ran, Carmen K.M. Chan, Mary Ho, Wilson Yip, Alvin L. Young, Jerry Lok, Simon Szeto, Jason Chan, Fanny Yip, Raymond Wong, Ziqi Tang, Dawei Yang, Danny S. Ng, Li Jia Chen, Marten Brelén, Victor Chu, Kenneth Li, Tracy H.T. Lai, Gavin S. Tan, Daniel S.W. Ting, Haifan Huang, Haoyu Chen, Jacey Hongjie Ma, Shibo Tang, Theodore Leng, Schahrouz Kakavand, Suria S. Mannil, Robert T. Chang, Gerald Liew, Bamini Gopinath, Timothy Y.Y. Lai, Chi Pui Pang, Peter H. Scanlon, Tien Yin Wong, Clement C. Tham, Hao Chen, Pheng-Ann Heng, Carol Y. Cheung
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the primary cause of vision loss among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). We developed, validated, and tested a deep learning (DL) system for classifying DME using images from three common commercially available optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices.We trained and validated two versions of a multitask convolution neural network (CNN) to classify DME (center-involved DME [CI-DME], non-CI-DME, or absence of DME) using three-dimensional (3D) volume scans and 2D B-scans, respectively. For both 3D and 2D CNNs, we used the residual network (ResNet) as the backbone. For the 3D CNN, we used a 3D version of ResNet-34 with the last fully connected layer removed as the feature extraction module. A total of 73,746 OCT images were used for training and primary validation. External testing was performed using 26,981 images across seven independent data sets from Singapore, Hong Kong, the U.S., China, and Australia.In classifying the presence or absence of DME, the DL system achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of 0.937 (95% CI 0.920-0.954), 0.958 (0.930-0.977), and 0.965 (0.948-0.977) for the primary data set obtained from CIRRUS, SPECTRALIS, and Triton OCTs, respectively, in addition to AUROCs >0.906 for the external data sets. For further classification of the CI-DME and non-CI-DME subgroups, the AUROCs were 0.968 (0.940-0.995), 0.951 (0.898-0.982), and 0.975 (0.947-0.991) for the primary data set and >0.894 for the external data sets.We demonstrated excellent performance with a DL system for the automated classification of DME, highlighting its potential as a promising second-line screening tool for patients with DM, which may potentially create a more effective triaging mechanism to eye clinics.
Long Noncoding RNA NIHCOLE Promotes Ligation Efficiency of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Juan P. Unfried, Mikel Marín-Baquero, Ángel Rivera-Calzada, Nerea Razquin, Eva M. Martín-Cuevas, Sara de Bragança, Clara Aicart-Ramos, Christopher McCoy, Laura Prats-Mari, Raquel Arribas-Bosacoma, Linda Lee, Stefano Caruso, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Bruno Sangro, Gareth Williams, Fernando Moreno-Herrero, Oscar Llorca, Susan P. Lees-Miller, Puri Fortes
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are emerging as key players in cancer as parts of poorly understood molecular mechanisms. Here, we investigated lncRNAs that play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identified NIHCOLE, a novel lncRNA induced in HCC with oncogenic potential and a role in the ligation efficiency of DNA double-stranded breaks (DSB). NIHCOLE expression was associated with poor prognosis and survival of HCC patients. Depletion of NIHCOLE from HCC cells led to impaired proliferation and increased apoptosis. NIHCOLE deficiency led to accumulation of DNA damage due to a specific decrease in the activity of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway of DSB repair. DNA damage induction in NIHCOLE-depleted cells further decreased HCC cell growth. NIHCOLE was associated with DSB markers and recruited several molecules of the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer. Further, NIHCOLE putative structural domains supported stable multimeric complexes formed by several NHEJ factors including Ku70/80, APLF, XRCC4, and DNA ligase IV. NHEJ reconstitution assays showed that NIHCOLE promoted the ligation efficiency of blunt-ended DSBs. Collectively, these data show that NIHCOLE serves as a scaffold and facilitator of NHEJ machinery and confers an advantage to HCC cells, which could be exploited as a targetable vulnerability. SIGNIFICANCE: This study characterizes the role of lncRNA NIHCOLE in DNA repair and cellular fitness in HCC, thus implicating it as a therapeutic target.
MO10-2 Association of pre-existing interstitial lung abnormalities with immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced interstitial lung disease among patients with non-lung cancers
Authors: Kiyofumi Shimoji, Takeshi Masuda, Kakuhiro Yamaguchi, Shinjiro Sakamoto, Yasushi Horimasu, Taku Nakashima, Shintaro Miyamoto, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Kazunori Fujitaka, Hironobu Hamada, Sachio Takeno, Michihiro Hide, Jun Teishima, Hideki Ohdan, Noboru Hattori
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Magnets and a self-retractable wire for endoscopic septotomies: from concept to first-in-human use
Authors: François Huberland, Ricardo Rio-Tinto, Nicolas Cauche, Sonia Dugardeyn, Cécilia Delattre, Charlotte Sandersen, Laureen Rocq, Pauline van Ouytsel, Alain Delchambre, Jacques Devière, Daniel Blero
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Abstract Background A medical device that allows simple and safe performance of an endoscopic septotomy could have several applications in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We have developed such a device by combining two magnets and a self-retractable wire to perform a progressive septotomy by compression of the tissues. We describe here the concept, preclinical studies, and first clinical use of the device for the treatment of symptomatic epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum (EED). Methods The MAGUS (MAgnetic Gastrointestinal Universal Septotome) device was designed based on previous knowledge of compression anastomosis and currently unmet needs. After initial design, the feasibility of the technique was tested on artificial septa in pigs. A clinical trial was then initiated to assess the feasibility and safety of the technique. Results Animal studies showed that the MAGUS can perform a complete septotomy at various levels of the GI tract. In two patients with a symptomatic EED, uneventful complete septotomy was observed within 28 and 39 days after the endoscopic procedure. Conclusions This new system provides a way of performing endoluminal septotomy in a single procedure. It appears to be effective and safe for managing symptomatic EED. Further clinical applications where this type of remodeling of the GI tract could be beneficial are under investigation.
Predictive value of 3′-deoxy-3′-<sup>18</sup>F-fluorothymidine PET in the early response to anti-programmed death-1 therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Masayuki Sato, Yukihiro Umeda, Tetsuya Tsujikawa, Tetsuya Mori, Miwa Morikawa, Masaki Anzai, Yuko Waseda, Maiko Kadowaki, Yasushi Kiyono, Hidehiko Okazawa, Tamotsu Ishizuka
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background Anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) therapy has shown clinical success in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is difficult to evaluate the early response to anti-PD-1 therapy. We determined whether changes in 3′-deoxy-3′-[ 18 F]-fluorothymidine ( 18 F-FLT) PET parameters before and soon after treatment initiation predicted the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 antibody. Methods Twenty-six patients with advanced NSCLC treated with anti-PD-1 antibody were enrolled prospectively and underwent 18 F-FLT PET before and at 2 and 6 weeks after treatment initiation. Changes in maximal standardized uptake value (ΔSUV max ), proliferative tumor volume (ΔPTV) and total lesion proliferation (ΔTLP) of the lesions were calculated and evaluated for their associations with the clinical response to therapy. Results The disease control rate was 64%. Patients with non-progressive disease (non-PD) had significantly decreased TLP at 2 weeks, and decreased SUV max , PTV, and TLP at 6 weeks, compared with those with PD, while three of eight (37.5%) patients who responded had increased TLP from baseline at 2 weeks (ie, pseudoprogression). Among the parameters that changed between baseline and 2 weeks, ΔPTV0-2 and ΔTLP0-2 had the highest accuracy (76.0%) to predict PD. Among the parameters that changed between baseline and 6 weeks, ΔSUV max 0-6, ΔPTV0-6 and ΔTLP0-6 had the highest accuracy (90.9%) to predict PD. ΔTLP0-2 (≥60%, HR 3.41, 95% CI 1.34–8.65, p=0.010) and ΔTLP0-6 (≥50%, HR 31.4, 95% CI 3.55 to 276.7, p=0.0019) were indicators of shorter progression-free survival. Conclusions Changes in 18 F-FLT PET parameters may have value as an early predictive biomarker for the response to anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with NSCLC. However, it should be noted that pseudoprogression was observed in 18 F-FLT PET imaging at 2 weeks after treatment initiation. Trial registration number jRCTs051180147.