tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Otogenic Tetanus
Authors: M. K. Sykes, J. A. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Birefringence is, of course, exhibited by both urate and calcium pyrophosphate crystals.Differentiation between the two requires identification of the sign of birefringence, urate being strongly negative, calcium pyro- phosphate weakly positive.Proof of the identity of urate crystals is by uricase digestion.We have had the opportunity of examin- ing synovial fluids from 22 patients with radiological calcification of joint cartilage.In general our findings have given less clear-cut answers than anticipated, and a number of specimens contained more than one type of crystal.In one patient with associated hyperparathyroidism the synovial fluid on two occasions was found to contain crystals which exhibited strong positive birefringence and had an extinction angle of 30°.Histochemical studies showed the presence of calcium.The other radical has not yet been positively identified, but we are impressed with the resemblance of these crystals to calcium oxalate.It may well be that gout and pseudogout can co-exist in the same person.One patient in this series is regarded as suffering from classical uric-acid gout, yet on one occasion fluid from his inflamed knee-joint yielded typical calcium pyrophosphate crystals.-Weare, etc.,
Human Herpesvirus-6
Authors: M T Caserta, C B Hall
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1993)

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), a mature T-cell lymphotropic virus, is a newly recognized member of the herpes virus family and shares limited homology with human cytomegalovirus. HHV-6 has been identified as the etiologic agent of the childhood illness exanthem subitum (roseola infantum). Widespread acquisition of this virus has been demonstrated to occur early in childhood, with fever as the most consistent manifestation of primary infection. Reactivation of latent infection has been postulated and may be associated with lymphoproliferative disorders or other diseases of immune function.
MICROBIC VIRULENCE AND HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY IN PARATYPHOID-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION OF WHITE MICE
Authors: Ida W. Pritchett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

Four separate strains of mice have been tested for their relative susceptibility to per os infection with the Type II bacillus of mouse typhoid (Bacillus pestis caviæ), 300 to 600 individuals of each strain having been employed in the course of 12 months. In confirmation of a previous paper, clear-cut differences in the susceptibility of these strains have been shown to exist. In general, the colored strains were distinctly less resistant than the albino strains.
Upcoming disability summit must be a turning point
Authors: Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo Addo, Jonas Gahr Støre, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Yannis Vardakastanis
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Grace (not her real name) is a primary school teacher in Malawi. 1 She was also a university student, working towards a bachelor's degree.She had a small business selling second hand clothes.And she is a person with albinism.Albinism is characterised by a significant deficit in the production of melanin, resulting in the partial or complete absence of pigment
Randomized phase II study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of sunitinib by dose administration regimen in anti-angiogenic naïve patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): Final analysis of SURF study.
Authors: Antoine Thiery-Vuillemin, Gwenaelle Gravis, Friederike Schlürmann, Emmanuelle Bompas, Frederic Rolland, Marine Gross-Goupil, Yann-Alexandre Vano, Aline Guillot, Philippe Barthélémy, Charlotte Joly, Mathieu Laramas, Louis-Marie Dourthe, Tristan Maurina, Hélène Gauthier, Kristell Taillandy, Aurelia Meurisse, Dewi Vernerey, Laurence Albiges
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

344 Background: SUN is approved in mRCC setting at the dose of 50mg daily for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks rest (4/2 schedule). The 4/2 schedule often requires dose modifications for toxicity. Current recommendation is to reduce the dose to 37.5mg per day. Alternative schedules (2 weeks of treatment followed by one-week rest (2/1 schedule) have shown promising results. SURF trial evaluated prospectively schedule 2/1 when toxicity occurs. Methods: SURF [NCT02689167] is a prospective, non-comparative randomized study. Patients (pts) with mRCC (clear cell) were included at SUN initiation. When a dose adjustment of SUN was required, patients were randomized between 4/2 schedule at 37.5mg daily and experimental 2/1 schedule at 50mg daily. Primary objective was to assess duration of SUN treatment among the 73 first evaluable pts. Overall 226 pts were enrolled with 133 randomized. All other analyses are shown for the 133 randomized patients. Results: Pts were 75.2% males, with a median age 63.7 years for 94% with a Karnofsky ≥ 80%. Of them, 54.9% had partial/total nephrectomy. IMDC risk score was favourable (45.1%), intermediate (46.6%) or poor (8.3%). Pts characteristics were well balanced between 2 arms. Metastatic sites were lungs (60.5%), bones (16.3%), lymph nodes (15.5%). At 6 months, 48 patients (65.8%) of the 2/1 schedule were still on treatment (above predefined threshold for positivity). Other data are listed on the table. No new safety signal was identified. Permanent SUN discontinuation due to toxicity was 22.2% in control arm vs 12.3% in experimental arm. Conclusions: SURF is the largest prospective randomised trial evaluating two different SUN schedules modifications in mRCC in case of toxicity. This positive trial confirms the role of adapting SUN to a 2/1 schedule rather than reducing SUN dose to the classical 4/2 schedule. Clinical trial information: NCT02689167. [Table: see text]
A productive immunocompetent mouse model of cryptosporidiosis with long oocyst shedding duration for immunological studies
Authors: Xi He, Wanyi Huang, Lianbei Sun, Tianyi Hou, Zhuowei Wan, Na Li, Yaqiong Guo, Martin Kváč, Lihua Xiao, Yaoyu Feng
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Nanoparticle‐Stabilized Emulsion Bioink for Digital Light Processing Based 3D Bioprinting of Porous Tissue Constructs
Authors: Jie Tao, Shunyao Zhu, Nazi Zhou, Yu Wang, Haoyuan Wan, Lin Zhang, Yaping Tang, Yingzi Pan, Yang Yang, Jianxiang Zhang, Rui Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

A challenge for bioprinting tissue constructs is enabling the viability and functionality of encapsulated cells. Rationally designed bioink that can create appropriate biophysical cues shows great promise for overcoming such challenges. Here, a nanoparticle-stabilized emulsion bioink for direct fabrication of porous tissue constructs by digital light processing based 3D bioprinting technology is introduced. The emulsion bioink is integrated by the mixture of aqueous dextran microdroplets and gelatin methacryloyl solution and is further rendered stable by β-lactoglobulin nanoparticles. After bioprinting, the printed tissue constructs create the macroporous structure via removal of dextran, thereby providing favorable biophysical cues to promote the viability, proliferation, and spreading of the encapsulated cells. Moreover, a trachea-shaped construct containing chondrocytes is bioprinted and implanted in vivo. The results demonstrate that the generated macroporous construct is of benefit to cartilage tissue rebuilding. This work offers an advanced bioink for the fabrication of living tissue constructs by activating the cell behaviors and functions in situ and can lead to the development of 3D bioprinting.
Using tele-mentoring to optimize quality of care and quality of life for patients with renal cell carcinoma (TOQQ-RCC).
Authors: Elizabeth Marie Wulff-Burchfield, Maryellen Potts, Catherine Knight, Jennifer R. Klemp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

326 Background: Overall survival from metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has risen in recent years due in part due to therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). TKI and ICI have unique and high-impact side effect profiles, and deficits persist in clinicians’ understanding of patient tolerance of and response to treatment, particularly in rural and community practices. We developed a tele-mentoring series to improve knowledge and clinical care gaps in ICI and TKI toxicity assessment and management for persons treated for RCC. Methods: Rural and community cancer care teams were invited by the Masonic Cancer Alliance, the outreach network of The University of Kansas Cancer Center, to participate in a five session Project ECHO (Extension for Community Health Outcomes) didactic and case-based educational series. Topics included distress screening, shared decision-making for RCC treatment, ICI and TKI toxicity assessment and management, at-home ICI administration, and implementing toxicity monitoring protocols. A mixed-methods approach collected data from participants pre- and post-TOQQ-RCC series. Clinician interviews assessed current practice protocols and were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) was administered pre- and post-TOQQ-RCC intervention; mean scores were calculated to determine readiness for change in toxicity monitoring and management protocols. Participant engagement and satisfaction were assessed; satisfaction measure included a Likert-like scale of poor, fair, average, good, and outstanding. Results: Fifty-two attendees from 11 cancer care institutions across Kansas and Missouri registered for the TOQQ-RCC sessions. An average of 15 participants attended each session including physicians, advanced practice providers, nurses, and other disciplines. Session evaluations rated content/delivery as good or outstanding. Themes from qualitative analysis revealed patient education as a primary barrier to effective toxicity identification and management. One-third of participants completed ORIC post-assessment; mean ORIC scores dropped by a mean 0.4 (10%) post-TOQQ-RCC series, indicating decreased readiness to implement changes to toxicity monitoring and management protocols. Conclusions: Rural and community oncology clinicians are willing to engage in tele-mentoring to improve knowledge and clinical care gaps regarding ICI and TKI toxicity assessment and management. Decrease in ORIC scores post-TOQQ-RCC series may indicate increased understanding of the complex processes and resources required to institute meaningful improvement to toxicity monitoring and management protocols for patients treated in rural and community settings. Future directions will include formal organizational needs assessments.
Abstract 17263: Pre-Clinical Left Ventricular Myocardial Remodeling in Patients With Friedreich’s Ataxia: A Cardiac MRI Study
Authors: Karen A Takazaki1, Thiago Quinaglia A. C. Silva, Alberto Martinez, Tomas Neilan, Ravi SHAH, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Otavio R Coelho-Filho, Marcondes C França
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Heart Failure (HF) is the most common cause of death in Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), an inherited mitochondrial disease. Myocardial fibrosis is a well-documented histopathological feature among FRDA patients with HF. Objectives: In this study we will investigate the myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and intracellular water lifetime (τ ic ), using T1-weighted CMR imaging, in a cohort of patients with FRDA without signs of heart failure. We will also investigate whether myocardial tissue phenotyping by CMR can highlight particular characteristics of LV remodeling in FRDA’s cardiomyopathy, beyond those currently assessed with imaging-based classification of disease severity. Methods: Twenty-six FRDA’s patients (age 26.6±9.3 years, 15 women) without signs of HF, and 10 healthy controls (32.6±7.3 years, 5 women) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) studies for assessment of left ventricular (LV) function, myocardial T1, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and intracellular water-lifetime (τ ic ) as marker of cardiomyocyte size. Neurological decline was determined using the FRDA rating scale (FARS 3). Results: FRDA patients had normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF: 67.66±11.4 vs. 63.9±9.0, P=0.311), larger LV mass index (LVMASSi: 61.03±22.1 vs. 45±4.2g/m 2 , P&lt;0.001), and decreased LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi 53.42±12 vs. 75.7±16.1, P=0.002), compared with controls. ECV and τ ic , were increased in FRDA patients (ECV: 0.36±0.05 vs. 0.25±0.02, P&lt;0.0001; τ ic : 0.13±0.07 vs. 0.06±0.03, P=0.001). ECV was positively associated with LV mass-to-volume ratio (r=0.628, P&lt;0.001). FARS 3 correlated positively with disease duration (r=0.669, P&lt;0.001), and negatively with τ ic , (r=0.478, P=0.039). LVMASSi and cardiomyocyte mass-index [(1–ECV)LVMASSi] declined with age, indicating that LV hypertrophy may transition to a “burn-out” phase with LV atrophy. Conclusions: LV hypertrophy in FRDA reflects an expansion of the myocardial interstitium and an increase in cardiomyocyte size. In contrast, the neurological decline was more likely with decreasing cardiomyocyte size, possibly an early sign of myocardial “burn-out” in FRDA.
Clinical course impacts early kinetics,magnitude, and amplitude of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies beyond 1 year after infection
Authors: Edwards Pradenas, Benjamin Trinité, Víctor Urrea, Silvia Marfil, Ferran Tarrés-Freixas, Raquel Ortiz, Carla Rovirosa, Jordi Rodon, Júlia Vergara-Alert, Joaquim Segalés, Victor Guallar, Alfonso Valencia, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Marc Noguera-Julian, Jorge Carrillo, Roger Paredes, Lourdes Mateu, Anna Chamorro, Ruth Toledo, Marta Massanella, Bonaventura Clotet, Julià Blanco
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)
Nemvaleukin alfa in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: ARTISTRY-1.
Authors: Emiliano Calvo, Valentina Boni, Arvind Chaudhry, Philip R. Debruyne, Seth D Rosen, Yan Wang, Lei Sun, Monali Desai, MD, Rita P. Dalal, Yangchun Du, Julie R. Graham, Piotr Tomczak, MD
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

330 Background: Nemvaleukin alfa (nemvaleukin, ALKS 4230) is a novel engineered cytokine that selectively binds to the intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptor, preferentially activating and expanding antitumor CD8 + T and NK cells, with minimal expansion of T regs . Nemvaleukin is under investigation for the treatment of advanced solid tumors, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), in the ARTISTRY-1 trial (NCT02799095). Demonstration of single-agent activity is essential to validate the potential therapeutic benefit of nemvaleukin, both as monotherapy and in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor (CPI), particularly in patients (pts) with limited treatment options, such as CPI-experienced pts with RCC. Methods: Pts with advanced RCC who had previously responded (either objective response or stable disease [SD]) to a CPI alone or as part of a combination were enrolled into an RCC-specific cohort of ARTISTRY-1 Part B. Nemvaleukin 6 µg/kg IV monotherapy was administered daily for 5 days every 14 days in cycle 1 and every 21 days in cycles 2+. Pts with disease progression (PD; after ≥2 cycles) or SD (after ≥4 cycles) could be enrolled into Part C to receive nemvaleukin and pembrolizumab combination therapy. Outcomes presented include antitumor activity (RECIST v1.1), pharmacodynamics, and safety as of August 2021. Results: Twenty-seven pts with RCC received nemvaleukin monotherapy in Part B. Median age was 69 y (range, 39-77); median prior lines of therapy was 2 (range, 1-7). Four of 21 evaluable pts had a best overall response of partial response (1 confirmed, 1 unconfirmed, 2 awaiting confirmation); 11 had SD. Nemvaleukin induced robust expansion of CD8 + T and NK cells with minimal effect on T regs . The most frequently reported adverse events (AEs), regardless of causality (N = 27), were pyrexia (59.3%), chills (55.6%), nausea (29.6%), and anemia (29.6%). The most frequently reported grade ≥3 nemvaleukin-related AEs are shown in the table. One pt had an AE (nemvaleukin-related bronchospasm) resulting in treatment discontinuation. There were no deaths due to treatment-related AEs. Four pts are continuing monotherapy in Part B (up to 1 y) and 10 have rolled over to Part C (combination therapy). Of the 8 evaluable pts with PD on Part B who subsequently received combination therapy in Part C, 1 had a confirmed partial response and has now been on treatment for almost 1 y and 5 had SD. No additional safety signals were observed. Conclusions: Nemvaleukin was generally well tolerated as monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab, and provided evidence of single-agent tumor response and disease control in CPI-experienced pts with advanced RCC. Clinical evaluation of nemvaleukin among pts with advanced RCC is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02799095. [Table: see text]
Letter: Distribution of hospital provisions.
Authors: D Davies
Journal: BMJ (1975)

28 30 32 34 36 weeks maximum occipitofrontal head circumference with a paper tape measure.Growth in length and head circumference followed their expected intrauterine curves5 far more closely than did weight gain, which was markedly deflected from its expected course.If optimum postnaltal growth in pre- term infants is that which would have been attained in utero had gestation continued normally,6 then these infants might have been diagnosed as failing to grow adequaitely had weight been the only measure of growth used.However, the much closer approximation of head and linear growth to expected intrauterine patterns suggests that in fact the infants were growing very well.By using these other parameters a far better impression of overall body growtih was therefore ohtained.Serial measurements of head circum- ference and crown-heel length should be used more often in studies of infant growth.These take very little time to perform and, provided care is taken, they are highly reproducible.The uncertainty of optimum milk requirements for low-birth-weight in- fants might be sooner resolved if these more meaningful measures of growth are evaluated in addition to weight gain.-Iam, etc.,
Association between health-care system and prostate cancer mortality for African American men with localized and metastatic prostate cancer.
Authors: Tyler J. Nelson, Patrick Travis Courtney, Daniella Klebaner, Kripa Guram, Michael Vincent Sherer, Gustavo Rodrigues De Moraes, Matthew P. Banegas, Tyler F. Stewart, Rana R. McKay, Isla Garraway, James Murphy, Brent S. Rose
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

27 Background: African American (AA) men with prostate cancer (PC) present with more advanced disease and have worse survival than comparable non-Hispanic White (White) men. Recent studies suggest that receiving care within an equal access setting may attenuate these disparities. We hypothesize that AA men receiving care within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) will have improved outcomes compared to AA men receiving care in the general population as assessed by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: We identified AA men diagnosed with PC between 2004 and 2015 in the VHA and SEER. For comparisons of covariate distributions across subgroups, we used the chi-squared test with continuity correction. We analyzed the cumulative incidence (with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of PC specific mortality (PCSM) in the VHA and SEER. Additionally, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models controlling for demographic information were performed. Results: The cohort included 85,409 AA men (VHA: 27,415, SEER: 57,994). Median follow-up was 4.79 years in the VHA and 5.16 years in SEER. In the VHA, AA men were more likely to present with localized disease (VHA 94.7% vs SEER 86.4%, p &lt; 0.001) and less likely to have metastatic disease (3.2% vs 4.3%, p &lt; 0.001). The 5-year cumulative incidence of PCSM was lower for patients in the VHA (VHA: 3.8% [CI: 3.5-4.1%] vs. SEER: 5.0% [CI: 4.8-5.2%], p &lt; 0.001). The PCSM difference was largest in men with metastatic disease. In metastatic patients, cumulative incidence of PCSM at five years was significantly lower in the VHA (VHA 52.5% [CI: 48.0-56.5%] vs. SEER 64.8% [CI: 62.3-67.1%], p &lt; 0.001). In contrast, AA men with localized disease had similar PCSM in the VHA and SEER (VHA 2.4% [CI: 2.2-2.6%] vs. SEER 2.6% [CI: 2.4-2.7%], p = 0.09 at five years). On multivariable analysis, VHA system was associated with lower PCSM [Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.91, p &lt; 0.001]. There was a significant interaction between VHA system and distant metastases at diagnosis [p &lt; 0.001] indicating larger differences in PCSM by healthcare system in metastatic patients as compared to localized patients. VHA system was associated with reduced PCSM in metastatic patients [HR 0.84, p &lt; 0.001] but not in localized patients [HR 0.96, p = 0.13]. Conclusions: AA men in the VHA had a significantly lower incidence of PCSM than those in the SEER database, especially for those who presented with distant metastases at diagnosis. Future work should examine how cost and access to care affect disparities in outcomes for AA men.
Regression of hypernephromas
Authors: W. E. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

It is well documented that clear cell carcinomas of the kidney (hypernephromas) regress under certain circumstances. Bartley and Hultquist clearly illustrated this when they reviewed the literature and reported 26 of their own cases in 1950.<sup>19</sup> It is also known that, in some instances, distant metastases of clear cell carcinomas of the kidney have been known to regress or disappear.<sup>38,39</sup>Everson<sup>40</sup>reviewed and collected 21 acceptable cases of spontaneous regression of hypernephromas in 1964. Everson et al carefully documented 31 cases in 1966.<sup>22</sup>We have recently reviewed our own experiences<sup>37</sup>and described two new cases of regression of pulmonary metastases, and one case of regression of bony metastases. Most reported regressions have been<i>pulmonary</i>metastases where the diagnosis was presumptive and where microscopic study of the pulmonary lesion was not available. This has led some observers to question whether or not these "regressed" pulmonary metastases