tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P158: Hypoglycemia Prediction From The Coefficient Of Variation For Each Hba1c Value
Authors: Soichi Takeishi
Journal: Circulation (2022)

It has also been reported that the coefficient of variation (CV) corresponding to the number of hypoglycemia cases decreases as HbA1c values decrease. Therefore, when an association between the CV and hypoglycemia is considered, the possibility that the CV varies according to HbA1c values should be considered. If hypoglycemia can be predicted from both HbA1c values and the CV, the relationship between glycemic variability and hypoglycemia can be assessed in detail. Thus, we studied a formula that could predict hypoglycemia based on HbA1c values and the CV. Materials and Methods This was a prospective observational study. One hundred and one outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus underwent HbA1c testing, wore a flash glucose monitor (FGM: FreeStyle Libre Pro, Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA), and did not change diabetic treatment at the hospital visit. The CV and mean glucose levels were calculated using the FGM data over 24-h х 13 days. The glucose management indicator (GMI) was calculated using the mean glucose levels, and we compared the GMI to the HbA1c values mainly to detect differences between sensor glucose levels (SG) and blood glucose levels. It has been previously reported that the HbA1c value minus (-) GMI &gt;0.5% is associated with the risk of hypoglycemia, and the GMI - HbA1c value &gt;0.5% is associated with the risk of hyperglycemia. Therefore, we assessed the difference between the GMI and HbA1c value with real numbers. We calculated the “percentage of mean absolute deviation to mean glucose levels” (Metric1) as a new metric. Hypoglycemia (&lt;70 mg/dL) absence could be significantly predicted from the CV, HbA1c value, and “glucose management indicator (GMI) minus HbA1c value” (ΔA1c) (Nagelkerke=0.68, p&lt;0.001). When a response variable was hypoglycemia absence and explanatory variables were the CV, HbA1c value, and ΔA1c, the optimal predicted value for the logistic regression analysis was 0.35 (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 84%; area under the curve: 0.93, p&lt;0.001) (predicted values=1÷(1+e -(-0.28хCV+2.18хHbA1c+1.85хΔA1c-7.48) ) [e: Napier's constant]), where CVs corresponding to HbA1c values of 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, and 10% were 22.0%, 29.8%, 37.5%, 45.3%, and 53.0%, respectively. The CV correlated with Metric1 (r=0.99, p&lt;0.001, Metric1=0.82хCV-0.006 [formula1]). The CV should be reduced more to prevent hypoglycemia as HbA1c values decrease. For avoiding hypoglycemia, an “alarm threshold using ‘mean glucose levels (Mean) corresponding to the HbA1c values’, and ‘Metric 1 corresponding to the CV calculated using formula 1’ ” (Mean ± Mean х Metric 1 ÷ 100) should be used for personal continuous glucose monitoring, and all glucose levels should be kept within the alarm threshold.
Abstract 10135: Cardiotoxicity and Mortality in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy Recipients
Authors: Syed S Mahmood, Peter A Riedell, Stephanie Feldman, Jennifer Liu, Gina George, Stephen A Sansoterra, Elena Mead, Thomas Althaus, Lauren Balkan, Tarek A Barbar, Katherine Lee Chuy, Bhisham Harchandani, Miguel Perales, Mark Geyer, Jae Park, M L Palomba, Roni Shouval, Ana A ALARCON TOMAS, Eric Yang, Daria L Gaut, Raza Alvi, Michael Rothberg, Jonathan W Weinsaft, Richard B Devereux, Evelyn M Horn, John P Leonard, Koen van Besien, Tomas G Neilan, Richard Steingart
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy harnesses a patient’s own immune system to target cancer. Cardiotoxicity occurs in up to 25% of patients treated with CAR-T. There are limited data characterizing the association between the development of cardiotoxicity after CAR-T and mortality among patients following CAR T cell therapy. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that cardiotoxicity following CAR-T treatment would be associated with a higher rate of mortality. Cardiotoxicity was a composite outcome defined as the development of heart failure, cardiogenic shock, or myocardial infarction. Methods: We included the first 202 adult patients entered into a multicenter registry receiving anti-CD 19 CAR-T for lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Of these, 108 died and 94 survived. Covariates included standard baseline cardiovascular and cancer parameters, the occurrence of cardiotoxicity and mortality. Results: Those that did and did not die after CAR-T were similar in age, sex, and pre-lymphodepletion chemotherapy regiment. Death after CAR-T was more common in patients with than without hypertension (66% vs. 47%, p=0.009) or ALL (66% vs. 48%, p=0.02), and less common with baseline coronary artery disease (25 vs. 56%, p=0.04). There was no difference in mean cytokine release syndrome (CRS) grade, rate of ≥2 CRS, or in the use of tocilizumab or steroids between those who did and did not die after CAR-T. During a mean follow-up of 372±284 days, 33 (16%) patients experienced cardiotoxicity. Patients with vs. without cardiotoxicity died more often (76% vs. 49%, OR 3.2, CI 1.4 - 7.6, p=0.005). In a Cox model adjusted for covariates identified in univariate analyses, occurrence of cardiotoxicity with CAR-T was independently associated with an increased risk of mortality (adjusted HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.17-2.92, p=0.009). Conclusions: CAR-T recipients who experience cardiotoxicity have higher mortality.
Alpha-smooth Muscle Actin Expression in the Stroma Predicts Resistance to Trastuzumab in Patients with Early-stage HER2-positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Ioannis A. Vathiotis, Myrto K. Moutafi, Prajan Divakar, Thazin Nwe Aung, Tao Qing, Aileen Fernandez, Vesal Yaghoobi, Sarra El-Abed, Yingbo Wang, Sebastien Guillaume, Paolo Nuciforo, Jens Huober, Serena Di Cosimo, Sung-Bae Kim, Nadia Harbeck, Henry Gomez, Saba Shafi, Konstantinos N. Syrigos, George Fountzilas, Christos Sotiriou, Lajos Pusztai, Sarah Warren, David L. Rimm
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: The companion diagnostic test for trastuzumab has not changed much in the last 25 years. We used high-plex digital spatial profiling to identify biomarkers besides HER2 that can help predict response to trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. Experimental Design: Fifty-eight protein targets were measured in three different molecularly defined compartments by the NanoString GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) in a tissue microarray containing 151 patients with breast cancer that received adjuvant trastuzumab as part of the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group 10/05 clinical trial. Promising candidate biomarkers were orthogonally validated with quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF). RNA-sequencing data from the Neoadjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimisation Study (NeoALTTO) were accessed to provide independent cohort validation. Disease-free survival (DFS) was the main outcome assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using a two-sided test (α = 0.05) and multiple testing correction (Benjamini–Hochberg method, FDR &amp;lt; 0.1). Results: By DSP, high expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), both in the leukocyte and stromal compartments, was associated with shorter DFS in univariate analysis (P = 0.002 and P = 0.023, respectively). High α-SMA expression in the stroma was validated by QIF after controlling for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status [HR, 3.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–8.68; P = 0.029] showing recurrence on trastuzumab in the same cohort. In the NeoALTTO cohort, elevated levels of ACTA2 were predictive for shorter DFS in the multivariate analysis (HR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.14–9.05; P = 0.027). Conclusions: This work identifies α-SMA as a novel, easy-to-implement biomarker of resistance to trastuzumab that may be valuable in settings where trastuzumab is combined with other therapies.
Abstract P208: The Impact Of Circadian Misalignment On Energy Metabolism And Substrate Oxidation In Adults With Adequate Sleep
Authors: Thomas J Carabuena, Hedda L Boege, Mehreen Z Bhatti, Bin Cheng, Marie-Pierre St-Onge
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Circadian misalignment (CM), the mismatch between timing of behaviors and internal body clock, increases cardiometabolic risk, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Population studies in night shift workers and intervention studies attempting to replicate CM have often been confounded by differences in energy intake, sleep duration and timing, and eating window duration. We aimed to investigate the effects of CM, induced by delaying mealtimes relative to wake time, independent of sleep timing and duration as well as duration of eating window, on energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation. We hypothesized that CM would reduce EE and increase respiratory quotient (RQ) relative to meals closer to wake time (circadian alignment [CA]). Methods: We used a 2-phase, randomized, crossover study. Men and women (age 20-49 y) were studied under controlled feeding conditions (CA and CM). Each phase included a 10-h eating window at 0900-1900 h (CA) or 1300-2300 h (CM) with fixed mealtimes. Bedtimes were set at 2400-0800 h. Minute-by-minute EE, RQ, and substrate oxidation were obtained over 23 h in a metabolic chamber on d 3-4 and 14-15. Post-meal EE, RQ, and substrate oxidation were calculated as the average of 2-h, 1-h, and 30 min data collections following breakfast, dinner, and snack, respectively. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed effects model including condition, day, and day-by-condition interaction as main predictor variables, and phase as an adjusting covariate. As an exploratory aim, sex-by-condition interaction was also included in the model. Results: Three men and 4 women completed both study phases (age 37.6±8.8 y, BMI 30.8±3.2 kg/m 2 ). EE did not differ between CM and CA. Post-meal RQ for breakfast (p=0.06), dinner (p&lt;0.001), and snack (p&lt;0.001) were higher in CM vs CA. Glucose oxidation after dinner (p&lt;0.001) and snack (p&lt;0.01) were higher in CM vs CA. There were sex-by-condition interactions on EE and glucose oxidation after breakfast (both p=0.06) and dinner (p&lt;0.05), and on EE after snack (p&lt;0.01). In general, CA resulted in greater rise in EE and lesser reduction in glucose oxidation following meals in men compared to women. Conclusion: Delaying mealtimes by 4 h, independent of sleep duration, timing, or diet composition, shifts nutrient metabolism towards greater carbohydrate and lower fat oxidation. Sex may influence the effect of CM on energy metabolism and should be considered in investigations of cardiometabolic risk associated with shift work and late-night eating.
Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma With Epiglottis and Ileum Metastasis Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Cailiang Gao, Qiao Zou, Huiting Liu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare subtype of non–small cell lung cancer with poor prognosis. It often metastasizes to lymph nodes, bone, adrenal gland, liver, and brain. Herein, we present a case of a pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma patient with epiglottis and ileum metastasis detected by 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Lymphoma or multiple primary cancers with or without regional node metastasis were suspected. Ultimately, histopathology after biopsy revealed pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma with epiglottic and ileum metastases. Our case highlights the unique advantages of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in searching for the unsuspected metastasis.
Innovations in public health surveillance: updates from a forum convened by the WHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence, 2 and 3 February 2022
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Preview this article: Innovations in public health surveillance: updates from a forum convened by the WHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence, 2 and 3 February 2022, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/27/15/eurosurv-27-15-8-1.gif
In high-risk inpatients with COVID-19, therapeutic- vs. standard-dose heparin reduced thromboembolism or death at 30 d
Authors: Behnood Bikdeli, David A. Garcia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Spyropoulos AC, Goldin M, Giannis D, et al. Efficacy and safety of therapeutic-dose heparin vs standard prophylactic or intermediate-dose heparins for thromboprophylaxis in high-risk hospitalized patients with COVID-19: the HEP-COVID randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181:1612-20. 34617959.
Sex Differences in Opioid and Psychostimulant Craving and Relapse: A Critical Review
Authors: Céline Nicolas, Natalie E. Zlebnik, Mehdi Farokhnia, Lorenzo Leggio, Satoshi Ikemoto, Yavin Shaham
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2022)

A widely held dogma in the preclinical addiction field is that females are more vulnerable than males to drug craving and relapse. Here, we first review clinical studies on sex differences in psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. Next, we review preclinical studies on sex differences in psychostimulant and opioid reinstatement of drug seeking after extinction of drug self-administration, and incubation of drug craving (time-dependent increase in drug seeking during abstinence). We also discuss ovarian hormones' role in relapse and craving in humans and animal models and speculate on brain mechanisms underlying their role in cocaine craving and relapse in rodent models. Finally, we discuss imaging studies on brain responses to cocaine cues and stress in men and women.The results of the clinical studies reviewed do not appear to support the notion that women are more vulnerable to psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. However, this conclusion is tentative because most of the studies reviewed were correlational, not sufficiently powered, and not a priori designed to detect sex differences. Additionally, imaging studies suggest sex differences in brain responses to cocaine cues and stress. The results of the preclinical studies reviewed provide evidence for sex differences in stress-induced reinstatement and incubation of cocaine craving but not cue- or cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. These sex differences are modulated in part by ovarian hormones. In contrast, the available data do not support the notion of sex differences in craving and relapse/reinstatement for methamphetamine or opioids in rodent models. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> This systematic review summarizes clinical and preclinical studies on sex differences in psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. Results of the clinical studies reviewed do not appear to support the notion that women are more vulnerable to psychostimulant and opioid craving and relapse. Results of preclinical studies reviewed provide evidence for sex differences in reinstatement and incubation of cocaine seeking but not for reinstatement or incubation of methamphetamine or opioid seeking.
Abstract P002: A Pilot Study To Evaluate The Development And Implementation Of A Virtual Nutrition Education Program In Older Veterans
Authors: Elizabeth A Parker, Sarah Cassatt, Jamie Giffuni, Heidi Ortmeyer, LESLIE KATZEL, Odessa Addison
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Despite evidence to support cardiovascular disease prevention and disability management, &lt;50% of older adults consume healthy diets. The aim of this project was to determine the feasibility of developing and implementing a 14-week virtual group nutrition education intervention paired with produce delivery in older Veterans with mobility challenges and significant medical multimorbidity participating in an exercise and health promotion program (Gerofit). The nutrition education included content relevant to healthy aging, guided by the social cognitive theory framework (SCT) and included focus on self-regulation skills that includes goal setting, overcoming barriers and identifying triggers that cause less optimal dietary choices. To encourage participation in the virtual group setting, sessions included an interactive activity and discussion questions. Each week participants also received a bag of local produce with recipe suggestions. Sixteen participants were enrolled in the program; twelve participants elected to attend the once-weekly nutrition program. On average participants attended 9.3 sessions and expressed a high level of satisfaction with the program. One participant commented, “I really enjoyed participating in the nutrition class…and look forward to being included in future on-line events…The fresh produce boxes added greatly to the class in that there was an opportunity to revisit familiar items and to introduce new produce into my diet.” Despite the generally positive feedback from participants regarding the virtual nutrition education classes, a few expressed concerns about the fresh produce given their limited knowledge of food preparation, basic cooking skills, and/or inability to prepare these foods due to physical or environmental limitations (amputated limbs; inadequate kitchen resources in assisted living facility). These physical/environmental barriers prohibited them from being able to prepare and consume the produce, which may have negated benefits of providing produce to these individuals. However, follow up dietary data collection is ongoing. Future studies are needed to evaluate barriers related to food preparation and how incorporating physical/environmental adaptations into nutrition education programs may be a strategy to improve dietary intake among older adults with mobility challenges and medical multimorbidity.
119P Evolution of the management of stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A single-center real-world scenario over 10 years
Authors: A. Ferro, M. Sepulcri, M. Schiavon, E. Scagliori, G. Gennaro, M. Costa, L. Bonanno, S. Frega, A. Dal Maso, F. Calabrese, F. Rea, F. Caumo, V. Guarneri, G. Pasello
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Abstract P133: Proteins Predicting The Risk Of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): The Atherosclerosis Risk In Community (ARIC) Study
Authors: Xiao Hu, Caitlin W Hicks, Jingsha Chen, Yejin Mok, Ron C Hoogeveen, Weihong Tang, Elizabeth Selvin, Christie M Ballantyne, Hirofumi Tanaka, Gerardo M Heiss, Josef Coresh, Kuni Matsushita
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: PAD is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, yet it is underdiagnosed mainly because many patients are asymptomatic and its screening is not widely conducted. Proteomic analysis may help identify predictors of PAD. Aims: To identify protein predictors of PAD and examine their predictive performance of incident and prevalent PAD beyond traditional risk factors in the ARIC study. Methods: Of 4,877 plasma proteins measured by SOMAscan, we first selected panels of proteins at ARIC visit 3 (N=10,302 participants free of PAD; 1993-95) associated with incident PAD in two steps: 1) we identified significant proteins using multivariable Cox models accounting for multiple comparisons; and 2) we selected proteins using LASSO Cox regression. We constructed 4 protein panels according to λ in LASSO and parsimony. We then evaluated c-statistics after adding each protein panel to a base model with established CVD risk factors. We finally used cross-sectional data at visit 5 (N=4,525; 2011-13) and logistic models to assess if these panels better identify older adults with prevalent PAD beyond traditional predictors. Incident PAD since visit 3 was based on hospitalization with PAD diagnosis; prevalent PAD at visit 5 was defined by ankle-brachial index ≤0.9. Results: There were 450 incident PAD cases after visit 3 (median follow-up: 23 years) and 344 prevalent PAD cases at visit 5. Of 103 proteins significantly associated with incident PAD, 4 protein panels were selected, including 5, 10, 34, and 56 proteins (e.g., angiopoietin-2 and renin), respectively. All 4 protein panels significantly improved c-statistics for incident PAD (e.g., 0.854 for base plus panel 4 vs. 0.807 for base model) (Figure 1A). The same protein panels improved the c-statistic for prevalent PAD at visit 5 compared to the base model (Figure 1B). Conclusions: Protein panels improved risk discrimination for both incident and prevalent PAD beyond established risk factors, with implications for targeted preventive therapies and screening of PAD.
Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in premenopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer treated with ovarian suppression: a patient-level meta-analysis of 7030 women from four randomised trials
Authors: Rosie Bradley, Jeremy Braybrooke, Richard Gray, Robert K Hills, Zulian Liu, Hongchao Pan, Richard Peto, David Dodwell, Paul McGale, Carolyn Taylor, Prudence A Francis, Michael Gnant, Francesco Perrone, Meredith M Regan, Richard Berry, Clare Boddington, Mike Clarke, Christina Davies, Lucy Davies, Fran Duane, Vaughan Evans, Jo Gay, Lucy Gettins, Jon Godwin, Sam James, Hui Liu, Elizabeth MacKinnon, Gurdeep Mannu, Theresa McHugh, Philip Morris, Simon Read, Ewan Straiton, Raimund Jakesz, Christian Fesl, Olivia Pagani, Richard Gelber, Michelino De Laurentiis, Sabino De Placido, Ciro Gallo, Kathy Albain, Stewart Anderson, Rodrigo Arriagada, John Bartlett, Elizabeth Bergsten-Nordström, Judith Bliss, Etienne Brain, Lisa Carey, Robert Coleman, Jack Cuzick, Nancy Davidson, Lucia Del Mastro, Angelo Di Leo, James Dignam, Mitch Dowsett, Bent Ejlertsen, Matthew Goetz, Pam Goodwin, Pat Halpin-Murphy, Dan Hayes, Catherine Hill, Reshma Jagsi, Wolfgang Janni, Sibylle Loibl, Eleftherios P Mamounas, Miguel Martín, Hirofumi Mukai, Valentina Nekljudova, Larry Norton, Yasuo Ohashi, Lori Pierce, Philip Poortmans, Kathleen I Pritchard, Vinod Raina, Daniel Rea, John Robertson, Emiel Rutgers, Tanja Spanic, Joseph Sparano, Guenther Steger, Gong Tang, Masakazu Toi, Andrew Tutt, Giuseppe Viale, Xiang Wang, Tim Whelan, Nicholas Wilcken, Norman Wolmark, David Cameron, Jonas Bergh, Sandra M Swain
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2022)
Nanoparticle Enhanced Optical Biosensing Technologies for Prostate Specific Antigen Biomarker Detection
Authors: Ahmad Usman
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2020)

Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the deadliest forms of Cancer among men. Early screening process for PCa is primarily conducted with the help of a FDA approved biomarker known as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). The PSA-based screening is challenged with the inability to differentiate between the cancerous PSA and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), resulting in high rates of false-positives. Optical techniques such as optical absorbance, scattering, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and fluorescence have been extensively employed for Cancer diagnostic applications. One of the most important diagnostic applications involves utilization of nanoparticles (NPs) for highly specific, sensitive, rapid, multiplexed, and high performance Cancer detection and quantification. The incorporation of NPs with these optical biosensing techniques allow realization of low cost, point-of-care, highly sensitive, and specific early cancer detection technologies, especially for PCa. In this work, the current state-of-the-art, challenges, and efforts made by the researchers for realization of low cost, point-of-care (POC), highly sensitive, and specific NP enhanced optical biosensing technologies for PCa detection using PSA biomarker are discussed and analyzed.