tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selective pulmonary vasodilation by inhaled nitric oxide is due to hemoglobin inactivation.
Authors: SRimar, C NGillis
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDInhaled nitric oxide gas selectively decreases pulmonary artery pressure without affecting systemic arterial pressure. To determine if the selective pulmonary vasodilating effect of inhaled nitric oxide gas is due to inactivation by hemoglobin, we studied the ability of whole blood to inhibit the vasodilator activity of effluent from isolated lungs exposed to inhaled nitric oxide.METHODS AND RESULTSThe effluent from ventilated, Krebs-perfused rabbit lungs was passed directly over 3- to 4-mm rabbit aortic rings. Inhaled nitric oxide (150 ppm for 3 minutes) reduced pulmonary perfusion pressure, elevated by a continuous infusion of U46619, by 35 +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM, n = 5). Lung effluent from this series of experiments caused 40 +/- 13% relaxation of phenylephrine-preconstricted aortic rings. When blood was added to the combined lung/ring perfusion cascade (final hemoglobin concentration, 1 g/dL), inhaled nitric oxide again significantly reduced pulmonary perfusion pressure, but the effluent now f...
Early afterdepolarizations induced in vivo by reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. A possible mechanism for reperfusion arrhythmias.
Authors: S GPriori, MMantica, CNapolitano, P JSchwartz
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Recent studies in vitro have shown that afterdepolarizations may develop during reperfusion after hypoxia, thus suggesting that these afterdepolarizations may contribute to the genesis of reperfusion arrhythmias. We recorded monophasic action potentials (MAPs) during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion to investigate whether afterdepolarizations develop in vivo when reperfusion arrhythmias occur. In 15 anesthetized cats, 24 trials of 10 minutes of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery were followed by reperfusion. In 13 of 24 (54%) trials, afterdepolarizations developed at the moment of reperfusion, with a mean amplitude of 2.4 +/- 1.1 mV (13 +/- 8% of MAP amplitude). When cycle length was either increased by vagal stimulation or decreased by atrial pacing, early afterdepolarization (EAD) amplitude was modified, according to what has been described for EAD in vitro, with a positive linear correlation between cycle length and EAD amplitude (r = 0.91, p less than 0.0001). The occurrence ...
A comparative study of serum lipids between Belgium and Korea.
Authors: HKesteloot, C SLee, H MPark, CKegels, JGeboers, J HClaes, J VJoossens
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Serum cholesterol values are markedly lower in Korea than in Belgium in both males and females. This is attributed to the much lower consumption of saturated fat in Korea. A mean population serum cholesterol value of about 160 mg/dl appears to be compatible with excellent general health and with the absence of ischemic heart disease or other atheromatous diseases. The influence of age, height and weight on cholesterol between Belgium and Korea is qualitatively similar but quantitatively different. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol values are lower in Korea than in Belgium, particularly in females. Differences in the HDL cholesterol level thus cannot explain the low prevalence of ischemic heart disease in Korea.
Detection of Breast Cancer
Authors: Jerome A. Urban
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The paper by Lesnick (237:967, 1977), which overemphasizes the inadequacy of mammography in younger symptomatic women, is at complete variance with our own experience. The 635 patients who were treated by us for primary breast cancer between 1970 and 1975 had had preoperative mammograms. Thirty-six percent of them were 50 years of age or younger. The accuracy of initial diagnosis by mammography was very similar in women 50 years of age and under as compared with those over 50. Twenty-two percent of all cancers were found initially by mammography only in the younger age group, as compared with 18% in the older group. Both physical examination and mammography were positive in 42% of the younger group and 61% of the older group. Physical examination alone detected 16% of cancers in younger women and 11% in the older group. The overall mammographic detection of breast cancer was 64%
Solitary Adult Rib Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Qixin Wang, Songsong Yang, Wenxin Tang, Hanxiang Liu, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare proliferative histiocytic disorder. It mainly occurs in the pediatric population, whereas it is rarely reported in adults. Herein, we reported a case of a patient with isolated rib LCH, which showed elevated 18F-FDG uptake. Our case showed that 18F-FDG PET/CT can be a potential tool in the evaluation of LCH.
Effects of muscle contraction and of adenosine on capillary transport and microvascular flow in dog skeletal muscle.
Authors: W NDurán
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The postarteriolar response of capillary transport and microvascular flow distribution to muscle contraction and to adenosine was measured by the indicator dilution technique in isolated dog gracilis muscles perfused with blood at controlled flows. A model of dual circulation was used to analyze the partition of microvascular flow. The extraction (E) of 125I-iodoantipyrine (IAp) served as an indicator of capillary flow whereas the capillary transport capacity coefficient (PSc) of 22Na was used to assess the changes in capillary surface area available for exchange. Muslce contraction produced by electrical stimulation of the motor nerve increased mean E-IAp from 0.94 +/- 0.03 (sd) to 0.95 +/- 0.01 and produced a 2.0- to 2.9-fold increase in PSc-Na. Intra-arterial adenosine produced results similar to those caused by muscle contraction. We conclude that (1) in resting muscle, most of the flow circulates through exchanging blood vessels and (2) in addition to the primary mechanisms of arteriolar vasodilatati...
Gamma-globulin treatment of acute myocarditis in the pediatric population.
Authors: N ADrucker, S DColan, A BLewis, A SBeiser, D LWessel, MTakahashi, A LBaker, A RPerez-Atayde, J WNewburger
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDMyocardial damage in myocarditis is mediated, in part, by immunological mechanisms. High-dose intravenous gamma-globulin (IVIG) is an immunomodulatory agent that is beneficial in myocarditis secondary to Kawasaki disease, as well as in murine myocarditis. Since 1990, the routine management of presumed acute myocarditis at Children's Hospital, Boston, and Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, has included administration of high-dose IVIG.METHODS AND RESULTSWe treated 21 consecutive children presenting with presumed acute myocarditis with IVIG, 2 g/kg, over 24 hours, in addition to anticongestive therapies. A comparison group comprised 25 recent historical control patients meeting identical eligibility criteria but not receiving IVIG therapy. Left ventricular function was assessed during five time intervals: 0 to 7 days, 1 to 3 weeks, 3 weeks to 3 months, 3 to 6 months, and 6 to 12 months. At presentation, the IVIG and non-IVIG groups had comparable left ventricular enlargement and poor fractional sho...
Monophasic action potential mapping in human subjects with normal electrocardiograms: direct evidence for the genesis of the T wave.
Authors: M RFranz, KBargheer, WRafflenbeul, AHaverich, P RLichtlen
Journal: Circulation (1987)

T wave concordance in the normal human electrocardiogram (ECG) generally is explained by assuming opposite directions of ventricular depolarization and repolarization; however, direct experimental evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. We used a contact electrode catheter to record monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from 54 left ventricular endocardial sites during cardiac catheterization (seven patients) and a new contact electrode probe to record MAPs from 23 epicardial sites during cardiac surgery (three patients). All patients had normal left ventricular function and ECGs with concordant T waves. MAP recordings during constant sinus rhythm or right atrial pacing were analyzed for activation time (AT) = earliest QRS deflection to MAP upstroke, action potential duration (APD) = MAP upstroke to 90% repolarization, and repolarization time (RT) = AT plus APD. AT and APD varied by 32 and 64 msec, respectively, over the left ventricular endocardium and by 55 and 73 msec, respectively, over the left ventri...
Sympathetic and periodic vagal influences on antegrade and retrograde conduction through the canine atrioventricular node.
Authors: D WWallick, S LStuesse, YMasuda
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Concurrent stimulation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system causes a diminished sympathetic response at high levels of vagal activity. This accentuated antagonism has been demonstrated for cardiac chronotropic, inotropic, and dromotropic responses. The effect on conduction was demonstrated with tonic stimulation of the vagus nerve. However, normally the vagus nerve fires periodically at certain times in the cardiac cycle. Thus, we have studied whether a similar interaction exists in the modulation of atrioventricular condition when short bursts of vagal stimulation were placed in various portions of the cardiac cycle. Anesthetized open-chest mongrel dogs were instrumented for stimulation of the cervical vagi and stellate ganglia when the heart was paced. We determined the relationship between cardiac cycle length, direction of action potential propagation, and levels of sympathetic and vagal activation and their effects on atrioventricular conduction times. All...
HLA-DR/DQ antigens and reactivity to B cell alloantigen D8/17 in Indian patients with rheumatic heart disease.
Authors: VTaneja, N KMehra, K SReddy, JNarula, RTandon, M CVaidya, M LBhatia
Journal: Circulation (1989)

D8/17, a B cell alloantigen, and its occurrence with DR/DQ antigens was examined in 54 patients with rheumatic heart disease and matched North Indian controls. Thirty-four patients (62.9%) carried D8/17 as compared with a frequency of 12.5% in controls (chi 2 by Yates', 18.75; p less than 0.0001). A marginally increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR3 (44.2% vs. 28.8%) and a significantly reduced frequency of HLA-DR2 (21.1% vs. 46.6%; p less than 0.005) was observed in patients as compared with controls. However, the most significant positive association was observed with HLA-DQw2 (63.4% in patients and 31.5% in controls; chi 2 by Yates', 9.85; p less than 0.005). The DQw2 association was significant only in the D8/17-positive patients. These observations suggest that the disease susceptibility gene in rheumatic heart disease may be nearer to the HLA-DQ locus than to the HLA-DR.
Serum immunoglobulin E response to myocardial infarction.
Authors: ASzczeklik, KSladek, ASzczerba, JDropinski
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. They can be activated by immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated mechanisms to release powerful mediators affecting local blood flow. We have determined systematically serum IgE concentrations in 100 patients with acute myocardial infarction. There was a consistent pattern of change in serum IgE, characterized by a significant increase on the third and fifth day, peak values on the seventh day, and a gradual decline to initial levels by the end of the third week after infarction. The increase in serum IgE shortly after myocardial infarction was similar to the increase in blood eosinophil count, but was in contrast to serum IgG levels. After infarction, patients with high initial IgE levels (greater than 200 IU/ml) had a greater increase in IgE and less frequent severe complications than those whose initial IgE levels were below 200 IU/ml. In 16 subjects with acute coronary insufficiency without infarction serum IgE levels remained uncha...
Baicalin induces ferroptosis in bladder cancer cells by downregulating FTH1
Authors: Na Kong, Xiaying Chen, Jiao Feng, Ting Duan, Shuiping Liu, Xueni Sun, Peng Chen, Ting Pan, Lili Yan, Ting Jin, Yu Xiang, Quan Gao, Chengyong Wen, Weirui Ma, Wencheng Liu, Mingming Zhang, Zuyi Yang, Wengang Wang, Ruonan Zhang, Bi Chen, Tian Xie, Xinbing Sui, Wei Tao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic regulated cell death caused by iron accumulation and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Currently, the therapeutic role of ferroptosis on cancer is gaining increasing interest. Baicalin an active component in
Surgical management of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: W BRicks, R AWinkle, N EShumway, D CHarrison
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Twenty-one patients with coronary artery disease and severe, symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias underwent cardiac surgery after failure of medical managememt. All had coronary artery disease and either localized areas of severe hypokinesis (three patients), or ventricular aneurysms (18 patients) documented angiographically prior to surgery. Operation within one month after acute infarction resulted in an 80% in-hospital mortality, whereas operation more than one month postinfarction showed a 20% mortality. Operative treatment that included myocardial resection had a significantly lower mortality (P less than 0.05) than that which did not. With an average of 36.5 months of follow-up, 13 of the 21 patients were long-term survivors, despite the persistence of ventricular arrhythmias. Surgical treatment which includes myocardial resection and occurs more than one month after infarction should be considered in patients with symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias and severe, well-localized left ventricular wall m...
The Advantage of Water-Assisted Colonoscopy Regarding Total Procedure Time, Cecum Intubation and Adenoma Detection Rate
Authors: S Chiriac, C Stanciu, C Cojocariu, C Sfarti, Singeap A-M, I Girleanu, L Huiban, T Cuciureanu, M Cristina, A Trifan
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Water-assisted colonoscopy (WAC) has been used as a reliable alternative to air insufflation colonoscopy (AIC), reducing pain and facilitating completion of difficult colonoscopies. It consists of replacing gas insufflation with water during colonoscopy. The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is inversely associated with the risk of colon cancer and is also applied in patients undergoing colonoscopy for diagnostic indications. We aimed to establish the impact of WAC in hospitalized patients undergoing colonoscopy for diagnostic indications.
Mechanical and structural correlates of canine pericardium.
Authors: A WWiegner, O HBing, T KBorg, J BCaulfield
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We have assessed viscoelastic properties of pericardium within the physiological range of stresses and related mechanical behavior to fiber direction as defined by scanning electron microscopy. Stiffness, stress relaxation, and creep were measured in samples taken from the anterior surface of 14 canine pericardia. Stress-strain relations generally were not exponential; stiffness at a stress of 1 g/mm2 ranged from 12.9 to 239 g/mm2 during stretch and varied both from pericardium to pericardium and with the orientation of the strip within the sample (anisotropy). The strips exhibited hysteretic behavior which was not promotional to rate of strain. Following a rapid increase in stress, creep averaged less than 1% and stress relaxation, 34% in a 30-minute test period. The orientation of the strip with the greatest stiffness was consistent from pericardium to pericardium, and correlated with a layer of collagen fibers oriented along the major axis of te strip.
Circulating Tumor Cell Chromosomal Instability and Neuroendocrine Phenotype by Immunomorphology and Poor Outcomes in Men with mCRPC Treated with Abiraterone or Enzalutamide
Authors: Landon C. Brown, Susan Halabi, Joseph D. Schonhoft, Qian Yang, Jun Luo, David M. Nanus, Paraskevi Giannakakou, Russell Z. Szmulewitz, Daniel C. Danila, Ethan S. Barnett, Emily A. Carbone, Jimmy L. Zhao, Patrick Healy, Monika Anand, Audrey Gill, Adam Jendrisak, William R. Berry, Santosh Gupta, Simon G. Gregory, Richard Wenstrup, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Daniel J. George, Howard I. Scher, Andrew J. Armstrong
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: While the detection of AR-V7 in circulating tumor cells (CTC) is associated with resistance to abiraterone or enzalutamide in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), it only accounts for a minority of this resistance. Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation or chromosomal instability (CIN) may be additional mechanisms that mediate resistance. Experimental Design: PROPHECY was a multicenter prospective study of men with high-risk mCRPC starting abiraterone or enzalutamide. A secondary objective was to assess Epic CTC CIN and NE phenotypes before abiraterone or enzalutamide and at progression. The proportional hazards (PH) model was used to investigate the prognostic importance of CIN and NE in predicting progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) adjusting for CTC number (CellSearch), AR-V7, prior therapy, and clinical risk score. The PH model was utilized to validate this association of NE with OS in an external dataset of patients treated similarly at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC; New York, NY). Results: We enrolled 118 men with mCRPC starting on abiraterone or enzalutamide; 107 were evaluable on the Epic platform. Of these, 36.4% and 8.4% were CIN positive and NE positive, respectively. CIN and NE were independently associated with worse OS [HR, 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–4.0 and HR 3.8; 95% CI, 1.2–12.3, respectively] when treated with abiraterone/enzalutamide. The prognostic significance of NE positivity for worse OS was confirmed in the MSKCC dataset (n = 173; HR, 5.7; 95% CI, 2.6–12.7). Conclusions: A high CIN and NE CTC phenotype is independently associated with worse survival in men with mCRPC treated with abiraterone/enzalutamide, warranting further prospective controlled predictive studies to inform treatment decisions.
Intimal thickening of the coronary arteries in infants in relation to family history of coronary artery disease.
Authors: JKaprio, RNorio, EPesonen, SSarna
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDIntimal thickenings of the coronary arteries of newborn children are composed mainly of smooth muscle cell proliferations. To investigate whether thickening of the intima in infants is associated with a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), we studied the relation of coronary death of grandparents to intimal thickening of 136 infants.METHODS AND RESULTSThe length of internal elastic lamina of the artery and the areas of arterial layers in cross section were measured, and the arteries were transformed to idealized round circles. Intimal thickening was assessed as the degree of luminal narrowing (ratio of intimal area to the area on the luminal side of the arterial media). Among 136 infants, luminal narrowing varied between 0% and 58%. CAD deaths accounted for 108 of the total 281 deaths among the grandparents of the infants. Family history of CAD (defined as at least one CAD death among the four grandparents) was positive for 77 infants. Family history of CAD was significantly more com...
Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase, an autoimmune antigen in experimental cardiomyopathy.
Authors: A RSharaf, JNarula, P DNicol, J FSouthern, B AKhaw
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDVarious myocardial cell surface and intracellular antigens have been associated with autoimmune myocarditis. Since sarcoplasmic calcium overload is a recognized pathobiochemical finding in cardiomyopathy, we reasoned that there might be a causal relation between inhibition of sarcoplasmic calcium exclusion and pathogenesis of the disease and that immunization with sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SR-ATPase) or antibody specific for SR-ATPase, which can interfere with the regulation of the intracellular calcium content and the myocardial contractility, should lead to the development of cardiomyopathy and possibly myocarditis.METHODS AND RESULTSMonoclonal antibody 4C11-20.21 (IgM class) specific for canine cardiac SR-ATPase (M(r) approximately 110 kD) was generated by immunization of CAF1/J mice with dog heart sarcoplasmic reticulum. Antibody 4C11-20.21 inhibits 75% of the enzymatic activity of the cardiac SR-ATPase. This antibody also cross-reacts with the higher M(r) subunit of canine skel...
Evaluation of high-energy phosphate metabolism during cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion: a phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study.
Authors: A CPernot, J SIngwall, PMenasche, CGrousset, MBercot, APiwnica, E TFossel
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Hypothermic potassium cardioplegia is now commonly used to protect the myocardium during surgically induced ischemia. Because the potassium-related membrane depolarization has been shown to increase calcium influx, we undertook this study to define the effects of varying the calcium content in hyperkalemic perfusates and the effects of using magnesium instead of or in addition to potassium as the arresting agent on the ability of hearts to recover normal function after ischemic arrest. We subjected isolated perfused working rat hearts to 60 minutes of cardioplegic arrest followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion, and measured high-energy phosphate levels every 2 1/2 minutes by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These data were correlated with postischemic recovery of function. Our results show that potassium cardioplegia may be harmful when the calcium concentration is greater than 1 mM. The kalemic injury is significantly reduced when the calcium content is lowered to 0.25 mM and the grea...
Coronary endothelial and cardiac protective effects of a monoclonal antibody to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
Authors: X LMa, D JLefer, A MLefer, RRothlein
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDIntercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a major ligand on endothelial cells for adherence of activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). The major purpose of this study was to study the effects of RR1/1, a monoclonal antibody against ICAM-1 (i.e., MAb RR1/1), on myocardial injury and endothelial dysfunction associated with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.METHODS AND RESULTSEither MAb RR1/1 (2 mg/kg, n = 7), an antibody that was found to bind selectively to endothelial cells in the cat, or MAb R3.1 (2 mg/kg, n = 7), a nonbinding control antibody, was given as an intravenous bolus 10 minutes before reperfusion. Two hundred eighty minutes later, hearts were excised. The left ventricle area-at-risk (AAR) was similar in MAb RR1/1 (29 +/- 2%) and MAb R3.1 (30 +/- 3%) groups. In MAb R3.1-treated cats, 90 minutes of myocardial ischemia plus 4.5 hours of reperfusion induced a significant myocardial injury (necrotic tissue/AAR, 28 +/- 2%), high myeloperoxidase activity (0.65 +/- 0.16 units/10...
Pulmonary regurgitation studied with the ultrasonic pulsed Doppler technique.
Authors: KMiyatake, MOkamoto, NKinoshita, MMatsuhisa, SNagata, SBeppu, YPark, HSakakibara, YNimura
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Sixty patients with pulmonary regurgitation were studied by the pulsed Doppler technique combined with two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography. Patients with pulmonary regurgitation had abnormal Doppler signals just below the pulmonic valve in the right ventricular outflow tract in diastole on the two-dimensional image. These signals were considered to indicate the regurgitant flow. There are two patterns of pulmonary regurgitant Doppler signals. In pulmonary hypertension, the maximal component of instantaneous flow velocity is sustained at about the same signal strength throughout diastole, but when the pulmonary arterial pressure is normal, the velocity slows down gradually from early diastole to end-diastole. Pulmonary regurgitation was detected by phonocardiography in about half the patients. In the remaining half, pulmonary regurgitant murmur could not be differentiated from aortic regurgitant murmur or was masked by coexistent aortic regurgitation or patent ductus arteriosus, whereas the Doppler...