tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The tumor-targeted CD40 agonist CEA-CD40 promotes T cell priming via a dual mode of action by increasing antigen delivery to dendritic cells and enhancing their activation
Authors: Eva Sum, Moritz Rapp, Harald Dürr, Alekhya Mazumdar, Pedro J Romero, Christine Trumpfheller, Pablo Umaña
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Tumor-targeted CD40 agonism represents an attractive strategy for cancer immunotherapy (CIT) as it promotes dendritic cell (DC) activation and concomitant tumor-specific T cell priming without causing systemic side effects. We developed the bispecific CD40 agonistic antibody CEA-CD40, which triggers CD40 stimulation exclusively in the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a glycoprotein specifically expressed on tumor cells. In this study, we demonstrate that CEA-CD40 can enable potent in vitro DC activation and consecutive T cell cross-priming in a CEA-specific manner. Furthermore, we provide evidence that CEA-CD40 increases colocalization of CEA + tumor material and DCs. Using CEA + tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are known to be an excellent tumor antigen source, we show that CEA-CD40 mediates delivery of CEA + EVs to DCs. Importantly, our data indicates that this fosters acquisition of tumor EV major histocompatibility complex I/peptide complexes by DCs, consequently improving CD8 + T cell priming against EV-associated antigen in vitro. Thus, we provide mechanistic evidence for a dual mode of action of CEA-CD40 for CIT: we suggest that CEA-CD40 has the potential to activate DCs and in addition can promote their loading with tumor antigen derived from EVs to trigger tumor-specific T cell cross-priming.
ICOSAPENT ETHYL REDUCES CARDIOVASCULAR RISK SUBSTANTIALLY AND CONSISTENTLY REGARDLESS OF WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE
Authors: Deepak L. Bhatt, Eliot A. Brinton, Michael Miller, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Terry A. Jacobson, Steven Ketchum, Lixia Jiao, Ralph T. Doyle, Jean Claude Tardif, Christie M. Ballantyne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
LOW PULMONARY ARTERY PULSATILITY INDEX IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH SIGNIFICANT TRICUSPID VALVE REGURGITATION
Authors: Conor Kane, Kyla M. Lara-Breitinger, Sorin Pislaru, Vuyisile Tlhopane Nkomo, Cristina Pislaru, Christopher Scott, Grace Lin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
TAVR IN PATIENTS WITH REDUCED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION AND SEVERE OR NON-SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Sebastian Ludwig, Niklas Schofer, Guillaume Jean, Won-Keun Kim, Matthias Renker, Christian W. Hamm, Marina Urena Alcazar, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Holger Thiele, Nicolas M. Van Mieghem, Joris Ooms, Maya Wiessmann, Ran Kornowski, Jordi S. Dahl, Jens Mogensen, Benjamin Longère, Augustin Coisne, Ben Ali Walid, Marie-Annick Clavel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Ecology and evolution of dormant metastasis
Authors: María Teresa Blasco, Irene Espuny, Roger R. Gomis
Journal: Trends in cancer (2022)

Genetic studies suggest that sequential dissemination from a primary metastasis, usually at the bone, is a major route of metastatic progression in early, radically resected cancer. Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can likely infiltrate but not grow, and may remain dormant once disseminated for extended intervals (from months to decades). The stationary nature of DTCs prevents them from being successfully treated as an asymptomatic residual disease in the adjuvant setting; critically, they can eventually relapse, adapt, and develop therapy resistance, causing incurable overt metastasis. Metastatic lesions usually first appear in one tissue, which invigorates metastatic cells for further dissemination to other organs, with a fatal outcome. Clinical and genetic data now indicate that metastatic lesions in one organ can seed secondary metastases in other organs: in other words, metastasis arising from metastasis. Herein we discuss recent insight into metastasis cell dormancy mechanisms, survival, communication with the local microenvironment, and eventual changes that endow DTCs with the capacity to expand and colonize to other metastatic sites.
EXPANDED COMBINATION OF EVOLOCUMAB PLUS EMPAGLIFLOZIN IN DIABETES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Andrei Carvalho Sposito, Ikaro Breder, Sheila T. Kimura-Medorima, Daniel Munhoz, Daniela C. Oliveira, Isabella Bonilha, Helison R. do Carmos, Jessica C. Breder, Joaquim Barreto, Vaneza L.W. Wolf, Beatriz Luchiari, Marcus Lima, Alessandra O. Leite, Luiz Sérgio F. Carvalho, Wilson Nadruz, Thiago Quinaglia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
PREVALENCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH PULMONARY EMBOLISM AND ITS EFFECT ON IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOMES
Authors: Mahin R. Khan, Zainab Manan, Nischit Baral, Amith Reddy Seri, Waqas Ullah, Ahmad Munir, Mahboob Alam, Hameem U. Changezi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Author Correction: Development of a multivariable prediction model for severe COVID-19 disease: a population-based study from Hong Kong
Authors: Jiandong Zhou, Sharen Lee, Xiansong Wang, Yi Li, William Ka Kei Wu, Tong Liu, Zhidong Cao, Daniel Dajun Zeng, Keith Sai Kit Leung, Abraham Ka Chung Wai, Ian Chi Kei Wong, Bernard Man Yung Cheung, Qingpeng Zhang, Gary Tse
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)
Circulating Cell-free DNA as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Advanced <i>ALK</i>+ Non–small Cell Lung Cancer in the Global Phase III ALEX Trial
Authors: Rafal Dziadziuszko, Solange Peters, Tony Mok, D. Ross Camidge, Shirish M. Gadgeel, Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, Krzysztof Konopa, Johannes Noé, Malgorzata Nowicka, Walter Bordogna, Peter N. Morcos, Vlatka Smoljanovic, Alice T. Shaw
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: We retrospectively assessed prognostic value of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using data from the phase III ALEX study in treatment-naïve, advanced ALK+ non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: Patients were randomized to receive twice-daily alectinib 600 mg (n = 152) or crizotinib 250 mg (n = 151). cfDNA was quantified from baseline plasma samples, with patients stratified into ≤median and &amp;gt;median cfDNA biomarker-evaluable populations (BEP). Effect of cfDNA concentration on outcomes was analyzed using a Cox regression model with treatment group as covariate, and in multivariate analyses. Results: Median cfDNA concentration in the BEP was 11.53 ng/mL (n = 276). A positive correlation was found between cfDNA concentration and number of lesions, organ lesion sites, and tumor size (sum of longest diameter; all P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In both treatment arms, patients in the &amp;gt;median BEP were more likely to experience disease progression than the ≤median BEP [alectinib adjusted HR = 2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–3.89; P = 0.0305 and crizotinib adjusted HR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.11–3.00, P = 0.0169]. Median progression-free survival was longer with alectinib than crizotinib in both ≤median and &amp;gt;median BEPs (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Overall survival data remain immature; survival probability was lower in the &amp;gt;median versus ≤median BEP in both treatment arms (alectinib HR = 2.52; 95% CI, 1.08–5.88; P = 0.0333 and crizotinib HR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.27–5.47; P = 0.0096). Conclusions: These data suggest that plasma cfDNA concentration may have prognostic value in advanced ALK+ NSCLC. Prospectively designed studies are warranted to investigate this finding.
Altered pathways and targeted therapy in double hit lymphoma
Authors: Yuxin Zhuang, Jinxin Che, Meijuan Wu, Yu Guo, Yongjin Xu, Xiaowu Dong, Haiyan Yang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2022)

High-grade B-cell lymphoma with translocations involving MYC and BCL2 or BCL6, usually referred to as double hit lymphoma (DHL), is an aggressive hematological malignance with distinct genetic features and poor clinical prognosis. Current standard chemoimmunotherapy fails to confer satisfying outcomes and few targeted therapeutics are available for the treatment against DHL. Recently, the delineating of the genetic landscape in tumors has provided insight into both biology and targeted therapies. Therefore, it is essential to understand the altered signaling pathways of DHL to develop treatment strategies with better clinical benefits. Herein, we summarized the genetic alterations in the two DHL subtypes (DHL-BCL2 and DHL-BCL6). We further elucidate their implications on cellular processes, including anti-apoptosis, epigenetic regulations, B-cell receptor signaling, and immune escape. Ongoing and potential therapeutic strategies and targeted drugs steered by these alterations were reviewed accordingly. Based on these findings, we also discuss the therapeutic vulnerabilities that coincide with these genetic changes. We believe that the understanding of the DHL studies will provide insight into this disease and capacitate the finding of more effective treatment strategies.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin and the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients with kidney impairment
Authors: Peter J. Gallacher, Eve Miller-Hodges, Anoop S.V. Shah, Tariq E. Farrah, Nynke Halbesma, James P. Blackmur, Andrew R. Chapman, Philip D. Adamson, Atul Anand, Fiona E. Strachan, Amy V. Ferry, Kuan Ken Lee, Colin Berry, Iain Findlay, Anne Cruickshank, Alan Reid, Alasdair Gray, Paul O. Collinson, Fred S. Apple, David A. McAllister, Donogh Maguire, Keith A.A. Fox, Catriona Keerie, Christopher J. Weir, David E. Newby, Nicholas L. Mills, Neeraj Dhaun, Nicholas L. Mills, Fiona E. Strachan, Christopher Tuck, Anoop S.V. Shah, Fiona E. Strachan, Atul Anand, Anda Bularga, Ryan Wereski, Matthew T.H. Lowry, Caelan Taggart, Amy V. Ferry, Kuan Ken Lee, Andrew R. Chapman, Dennis Sandeman, Philip D. Adamson, Catherine L. Stables, Catalina A. Vallejos, Athanasios Tsanas, Lucy Marshall, Stacey D. Stewart, Takeshi Fujisawa, Jean McPherson, Lynn McKinlay, Nicholas L. Mills, David E. Newby, Keith A.A. Fox, Colin Berry, Simon Walker, Christopher J. Weir, Ian Ford, Nicholas L. Mills, David E. Newby, Alasdair Gray, Keith A.A. Fox, Colin Berry, Simon Walker, Paul O. Collinson, Fred S. Apple, Alan Reid, Anne Cruikshank, Iain Findlay, Shannon Amoils, David A. McAllister, Donogh Maguire, Jennifer Stevens, John Norrie, Christopher J. Weir, Anoop S.V. Shah, Atul Anand, Andrew R. Chapman, Kuan Ken Lee, Jack P.M. Andrews, Philip D. Adamson, Alastair Moss, Mohamed S. Anwar, John Hung, Nicholas L. Mills, Simon Walker, Jonathan Malo, Alan Reid, Anne Cruikshank, Paul O. Collinson, Colin M. Fischbacher, Bernard L. Croal, Stephen J. Leslie, Catriona Keerie, Richard A. Parker, Allan Walker, Ronnie Harkess, Christopher Tuck, Tony Wackett, Christopher Weir, Roma Armstrong, Laura Stirling, Claire MacDonald, Imran Sadat, Frank Finlay, Heather Charles, Pamela Linksted, Stephen Young, Bill Alexander, Chris Duncan
Journal: Kidney International (2022)

The benefit and utility of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patients with kidney impairment is unclear. Here, we describe implementation of hs-cTnI testing on the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of myocardial infarction in patients with and without kidney impairment. Consecutive patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome enrolled in a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized controlled trial were included in this pre-specified secondary analysis. Kidney impairment was defined as an eGFR under 60mL/min/1.73m
NaroNet: Discovery of tumor microenvironment elements from highly multiplexed images
Authors: Daniel Jiménez-Sánchez, Mikel Ariz, Hang Chang, Xavier Matias-Guiu, Carlos E. de Andrea, Carlos Ortiz-de-Solórzano
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)

Understanding the spatial interactions between the elements of the tumor microenvironment -i.e. tumor cells. fibroblasts, immune cells- and how these interactions relate to the diagnosis or prognosis of a tumor is one of the goals of computational pathology. We present NaroNet, a deep learning framework that models the multi-scale tumor microenvironment from multiplex-stained cancer tissue images and provides patient-level interpretable predictions using a seamless end-to-end learning pipeline. Trained only with multiplex-stained tissue images and their corresponding patient-level clinical labels, NaroNet unsupervisedly learns which cell phenotypes, cell neighborhoods, and neighborhood interactions have the highest influence to predict the correct label. To this end, NaroNet incorporates several novel and state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, such as patch-level contrastive learning, multi-level graph embeddings, a novel max-sum pooling operation, or a metric that quantifies the relevance that each microenvironment element has in the individual predictions. We validate NaroNet using synthetic data simulating multiplex-immunostained images where a patient label is artificially associated to the -adjustable- probabilistic incidence of different microenvironment elements. We then apply our model to two sets of images of human cancer tissues: 336 seven-color multiplex-immunostained images from 12 high-grade endometrial cancer patients; and 382 35-plex mass cytometry images from 215 breast cancer patients. In both synthetic and real datasets, NaroNet provides outstanding predictions of relevant clinical information while associating those predictions to the presence of specific microenvironment elements.
Neuromodulation and Neurophysiology on the Timescale of Learning and Decision-Making
Authors: Cooper D. Grossman, Jeremiah Y. Cohen
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2022)

Nervous systems evolved to effectively navigate the dynamics of the environment to achieve their goals. One framework used to study this fundamental problem arose in the study of learning and decision-making. In this framework, the demands of effective behavior require slow dynamics-on the scale of seconds to minutes-of networks of neurons. Here, we review the phenomena and mechanisms involved. Using vignettes from a few species and areas of the nervous system, we view neuromodulators as key substrates for temporal scaling of neuronal dynamics.
CGE22-102: Characterization of Genomic Alteration of FGFR-3 by Integrating Analysis The Cancer Genome Atlas
Authors: Quoc Thang Pham, Hieu Trong Le, Tuan Dung Vu, Thao Quyen Nguyen, Thanh Tu Nguyen, Thi Thanh Tam Bui, Thanh Tu Duong, Dang Anh Thu Phan, Quoc Dat Ngo
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)
Identifying and predicting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical subgroups: a population-based machine-learning study
Authors: Faraz Faghri, Fabian Brunn, Anant Dadu, Elisabetta Zucchi, Ilaria Martinelli, Letizia Mazzini, Rosario Vasta, Antonio Canosa, Cristina Moglia, Andrea Calvo, Michael A Nalls, Roy H Campbell, Jessica Mandrioli, Bryan J Traynor, Adriano Chiò, Adriano Chiò, Andrea Calvo, Cristina Moglia, Antonio Canosa, Umberto Manera, Rosario Vasta, Francesca Palumbo, Alessandro Bombaci, Maurizio Grassano, Maura Brunetti, Federico Casale, Giuseppe Fuda, Paolina Salamone, Barbara Iazzolino, Laura Peotta, Paolo Cugnasco, Giovanni De Marco, Maria Claudia Torrieri, Salvatore Gallone, Marco Barberis, Luca Sbaiz, Salvatore Gentile, Alessandro Mauro, Letizia Mazzini, Fabiola De Marchi, Lucia Corrado, Sandra D'Alfonso, Antonio Bertolotto, Daniele Imperiale, Marco De Mattei, Salvatore Amarù, Cristoforo Comi, Carmelo Labate, Fabio Poglio, Luigi Ruiz, Lucia Testa, Eugenia Rota, Paolo Ghiglione, Nicola Launaro, Alessia Di Sapio, Jessica Mandrioli, Nicola Fini, Ilaria Martinelli, Elisabetta Zucchi, Giulia Gianferrari, Cecilia Simonini, Stefano Meletti, Rocco Liguori, Veria Vacchiano, Fabrizio Salvi, Ilaria Bartolomei, Roberto Michelucci, Pietro Cortelli, Rita Rinaldi, Anna Maria Borghi, Andrea Zini, Elisabetta Sette, Valeria Tugnoli, Maura Pugliatti, Elena Canali, Luca Codeluppi, Franco Valzania, Lucia Zinno, Giovanni Pavesi, Doriana Medici, Giovanna Pilurzi, Emilio Terlizzi, Donata Guidetti, Silvia De Pasqua, Mario Santangelo, Patrizia De Massis, Martina Bracaglia, Mario Casmiro, Pietro Querzani, Simonetta Morresi, Marco Longoni, Alberto Patuelli, Susanna Malagù, Marco Currò Dossi, Simone Vidale, Salvatore Ferro
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2022)
Development of a Consensus-Based Definition of Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma in Children
Authors: Aaron E. Kornblith, Newton Addo, Monica Plasencia, Ashkon Shaahinfar, Margaret Lin-Martore, Naina Sabbineni, Delia Gold, Lily Bellman, Ron Berant, Kelly R. Bergmann, Timothy E. Brenkert, Aaron Chen, Erika Constantine, J. Kate Deanehan, Almaz Dessie, Marsha Elkhunovich, Jason Fischer, Cynthia A. Gravel, Sig Kharasch, Charisse W. Kwan, Samuel H. F. Lam, Jeffrey T. Neal, Kathyrn H. Pade, Rachel Rempell, Allan E. Shefrin, Adam Sivitz, Peter J. Snelling, Mark O. Tessaro, William White
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

The wide variation in the accuracy and reliability of the Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma (FAST) and the extended FAST (E-FAST) for children after blunt abdominal trauma reflects user expertise. FAST and E-FAST that are performed by experts tend to be more complete, better quality, and more often clinically valuable.To develop definitions of a complete, high-quality, and accurate interpretation for the FAST and E-FAST in children with injury using an expert, consensus-based modified Delphi technique.This consensus-based qualitative study was conducted between May 1 to June 30, 2021. It used a scoping review and iterative Delphi technique and involved 2 rounds of online surveys and a live webinar to achieve consensus among a 26-member panel. This panel consisted of international experts in pediatric emergency point-of-care ultrasonography.Definitions of complete, high-quality, and accurate FAST and E-FAST studies for children after injury.Of the 29 invited pediatric FAST experts, 26 (15 men [58%]) agreed to participate in the panel. All 26 panelists completed the 2 rounds of surveys, and 24 (92%) participated in the live and asynchronous online discussions. Consensus was reached on FAST and E-FAST study definitions, and the panelists rated these 5 anatomic views as important and appropriate for a complete FAST: right upper-quadrant abdominal view, left upper-quadrant abdominal view, suprapubic views (transverse and sagittal), and subxiphoid cardiac view. For E-FAST, the same FAST anatomic views with the addition of the lung or pneumothorax view were deemed appropriate and important. In addition, the panelists rated a total of 32 landmarks as important for assessing completeness. Similarly, the panelists rated 14 statements on quality and 20 statements on accurate interpretation as appropriate.This qualitative study generated definitions for complete FAST and E-FAST studies with high image quality and accurate interpretation in children with injury. These definitions are similar to those in adults with injury and may be used for future education, quality assurance, and research. Future research may focus on interpretation of trace volumes of abdominal free fluid and the use of serial FAST.
Lorlatinib for Previously Treated ALK-Positive Advanced NSCLC: Primary Efficacy and Safety From a Phase 2 Study in People’s Republic of China
Authors: Shun Lu, Qing Zhou, Xiaoqing Liu, Yingying Du, Yun Fan, Ying Cheng, Jian Fang, You Lu, Cheng Huang, Jianying Zhou, Yong Song, Kai Wang, Hongming Pan, Nong Yang, Juan Li, Gongyan Chen, Jianhua Chang, Jiuwei Cui, Zhe Liu, Chunxue Bai, Helong Zhang, Huadong Zhao, Kaiting Zhang, Gerson Peltz, Heyan Li, Yi-Long Wu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)

IntroductionLorlatinib was found to have activity in ALK-positive NSCLC in a global phase 1 and 2 study. We report an ongoing phase 2 study in Chinese patients with ALK-positive advanced or metastatic NSCLC.MethodsOpen-label, dual-cohort study (NCT03909971); patients had progressive disease after ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment (cohort 1: previous crizotinib; cohort 2: one ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor other than crizotinib [±prior crizotinib]), more than or equal to one unirradiated extracranial target lesion, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2. Patients received oral lorlatinib 100 mg once daily in continuous 21-day cycles. Primary end point: objective response in cohort 1 by independent central radiology (ICR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Analyses were based on patients receiving more than or equal to one dose.ResultsAt data cutoff (August 10, 2020), 109 patients were enrolled (cohort 1: n = 67; cohort 2: n = 42). A total of 47 patients in cohort 1 (70.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 57.7–80.7, p < 0.0001; primary end point) and 20 patients in cohort 2 (47.6%, 95% CI: 32.0–63.6, secondary end point) achieved objective response by ICR. Median progression-free survival was not reached in cohort 1 and was 5.6 months in cohort 2. In patients with brain lesions at baseline, 29 of 36 patients in cohort 1 (80.6%, 95% CI: 64.0–91.8) and 10 of 21 patients in cohort 2 (47.6%, 95% CI: 25.7–70.2) achieved objective intracranial response by ICR. Hypercholesterolemia (92.7%) and hypertriglyceridemia (90.8%) (cluster terms) were common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Nine patients (8.3%) had serious TRAEs; one permanently discontinued from treatment because of TRAEs.ConclusionsLorlatinib was found to have a robust and durable response and high intracranial objective response in previously treated Chinese patients with ALK-positive NSCLC.
HSR22-176: Medication Adherence and Subsequent Healthcare Resource Utilization Among Patients With Cancer Newly Initiating Their Oral Anticancer Medication
Authors: Andrew Descoteaux, Stephen Kogut, Patrick Campbell, Megha Parikh, Kimberly Westrich, Amanda Green, Ami Vyas
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

"HSR22-176: Medication Adherence and Subsequent Healthcare Resource Utilization Among Patients With Cancer Newly Initiating Their Oral Anticancer Medication" published on 31 Mar 2022 by National Comprehensive Cancer Network.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY VERSUS CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY QUANTIFICATION OF HIGH AND LOW-GRADIENT SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS: A MULTI-MODALITY CORRELATION STUDY
Authors: Tom Kai Ming Wang, Ossama Abou Hassan, Zoran Popovic, Richard A. Grimm, Brian P. Griffin, L. Leonardo Rodriguez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Metronidazole treatment rapidly reduces genital inflammation through effects on bacterial vaginosis–associated bacteria rather than lactobacilli
Authors: Eric Armstrong, Anke Hemmerling, Steve Miller, Kerianne E. Burke, Sara J. Newmann, Sheldon R. Morris, Hilary Reno, Sanja Huibner, Maria Kulikova, Rachel Liu, Emily D. Crawford, Gloria R. Castañeda, Nico Nagelkerke, Bryan Coburn, Craig R. Cohen, Rupert Kaul
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Background. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) causes genital inflammation and increases HIV risk, whereas a vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus species is associated with immune quiescence and relative HIV protection. BV treatment reduces genital inflammation, but it is unclear whether this reduction is driven by a decrease in BV-associated bacteria or an increase in Lactobacillus species.