tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Durable Polymer Versus Biodegradable Polymer Drug-Eluting Stents After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Hyo-Soo Kim, Jeehoon Kang, Doyeon Hwang, Jung-Kyu Han, Han-Mo Yang, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, Seok Yeon Kim, Keun-Ho Park, Seung-Woon Rha, Won-Yong Shin, Hong-Seok Lim, Kyungil Park, Kyung Woo Park
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Large-scale randomized comparison of drug-eluting stents (DES) based on durable polymer versus biodegradable polymer technology is currently insufficient in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The present study aimed to prove the noninferiority of the durable polymer DES (DP-DES) compared with the biodegradable polymer DES (BP-DES) in such patients. Methods: The HOST-REDUCE-POLYTECH-ACS (Harmonizing Optimal Strategy for Treatment of Coronary Artery Diseases—Comparison of Reduction of Prasugrel Dose or Polymer Technology in ACS Patients) trial is an investigator-initiated, randomized, open-label, adjudicator-blinded, multicenter, noninferiority trial comparing the efficacy and safety of DP-DES and BP-DES in patients with ACS. The primary end point was a patient-oriented composite outcome (a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and any repeat revascularization) at 12 months. The key secondary end point was device-oriented composite outcome (a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization) at 12 months. Results: A total of 3413 patients were randomized to receive the DP-DES (1713 patients) and BP-DES (1700 patients). At 12 months, patient-oriented composite outcome occurred in 5.2% in the DP-DES group and 6.4% in the BP-DES group (absolute risk difference, –1.2%; P non inferiority &lt;0.001). The key secondary end point, device-oriented composite outcome, occurred less frequently in the DP-DES group (DP-DES vs BP-DES, 2.6% vs 3.9%; hazard ratio, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.46–0.98]; P =0.038), mostly because of a reduction in target lesion revascularization. The rate of spontaneous nonfatal myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis were extremely low, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (0.6% versus 0.8%; P =0.513 and 0.1% versus 0.4%; P =0.174, respectively). Conclusions: In ACS patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention, DP-DES was noninferior to BP-DES with regard to patient-oriented composite outcomes at 12 months after index percutaneous coronary intervention. Registration: URL: https://wwwclinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02193971.
Skin sensitization to fragrance hydroperoxides: interplay between dendritic cells, keratinocytes and free radicals
Authors: J. Lichter, M. Silva e Sousa, N. Peter, F. Sahli, B. Vileno, S. Kuresepi, C. Gourlaouen, E. Giménez‐Arnau, B. Blömeke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Background Skin sensitization to hydroperoxides (R-OOHs) of the commonly used fragrance terpenes limonene, linalool and citronellol is frequently reported. R-OOHs are believed to initiate the process leading to sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis through mechanisms involving radical intermediates. Thus, radical intermediates, keratinocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) may act in concert to initiate the process. Objectives To evaluate individual DC activation profiles by R-OOHs in the context of keratinocytes with regard to frequency, specificity and magnitude of upregulation. Methods We used 2D and 3D cocultures with keratinocytes/reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) and DCs to evaluate cell surface levels of the costimulatory molecules CD86, CD80 and the adhesion molecule CD54 on cocultured DCs. Analysis of radical formation from limonene hydroperoxides in RHE was performed using electron paramagnetic resonance combined with the spin trapping technique. Results R-OOHs induce donor-dependent DC activation. Major differences were found between the limonene-OOHs. Limonene-1-OOH was stronger with respect to both frequency and magnitude of response. Using a 3D coculture model, no DC activation was detected after topical application of 0·2% limonene-OOHs (20 µg cm−2), while 1·2% limonene-1-OOH or 2% limonene-2-OOH induced DC activation. Furthermore, we demonstrated differences in the carbon and oxygen radicals formed from the limonene-OOHs using RHE, mimicking what may happen in vivo. Conclusions We report clear individual differences in DC maturation induced by the most important hydroperoxides. Response rates and magnitude of response both indicate that very small structural alterations in the hydroperoxides are translated into specific DC responses. In addition, we provide more insight into the amounts of hydroperoxides that can activate DCs and induce sensitization.
New Approaches for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: Focus on Lipoproteins and Inflammation
Authors: Aliza Hussain, Christie M. Ballantyne
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2020)

Although numerous trials have convincingly shown benefits of statin therapy in both primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), most showed relative risk reductions of 25-40%, and thus many individuals continue to have ASCVD events despite statin therapy. Substantial progress has been made in developing therapies that address the residual risk for ASCVD despite statin therapy. In this review, we summarize progress of currently available therapies along with therapies under development that further reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, reduce lipoprotein(a), reduce ASCVD events in patients with high triglycerides, and directly target inflammation to reduce ASCVD risk.
Phenotypic Heterogeneity of Sarcomeric Gene Mutations: A Matter of Gain and Loss?⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Luisa Mestroni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Abstract 14080: A Phase II Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Trial of Combined Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and C-kit+ Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Ischemic Heart Failure: The CCTRN CONCERT-HF Trial
Authors: Roberto Bolli, Raul Mitrani, Joshua M Hare, Carl J Pepine, Emerson C Perin, James T Willerson, Jay H TRAVERSE, Timothy D Henry, Phillip C Yang, Michael P Murphy, Gregory Lewis, Joao A Ac Lima, Aisha Khan, Dejian Lai, Ray Ebert, Barry R Davis, Robert D Simari
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Although preclinical studies of cell delivery in models of ischemic heart failure (HF) suggest a beneficial interaction between mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) resulting in additive therapeutic effects, no clinical trial has examined a combination of different cell types in ischemic HF. Furthermore, comparative studies of different cell products in humans are rare. CONCERT-HF (NCT02501811) is an NHLBI-sponsored, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase II trial of the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (CCTRN) investigating feasibility, safety, and efficacy of MSCs and CPCs, alone and in combination, in patients with chronic ischemic HF. Objectives: To address the following questions: Is combined treatment with MSCs and CPCs feasible and safe in patients with ischemic HF? Do MSCs and CPCs, given alone or in combination, alleviate LV dysfunction, reduce scar size, improve quality of life, and/or augment functional capacity? Is either cell type more effective than the other? Is the combination of MSCs and CPCs more efficacious than MSCs alone or CPCs alone? Methods: Patients were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive i) the combination of autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs and autologous CPCs, ii) MSCs alone, iii) CPCs alone, or iv) placebo. Target doses were 150 x 10 6 MSCs and 5 x 10 6 CPCs. All patients underwent bone marrow aspiration and right heart catheterization. Endomyocardial biopsy was performed only in the MSC + CPC and CPC alone groups; a “sham biopsy” was performed in the MSC alone and placebo groups. All patients underwent study product injection using the NOGA ® XP Mapping System and were followed for 12 months. Results: A total of 125 patients (116 M, 9 F), 62.5 ± 8.9 years old, were enrolled at 7 CCTRN centers between Nov 2016 and Oct 2018. Baseline LVEF (cardiac MRI) was 28.6 ± 6.1% with a mean scar size of 31.8 ± 10.9 g and NYHA class II (80%) or class III (15.2%). Conclusions: CONCERT-HF is the first cell therapy trial to assess a combination of different cell types and to directly compare two different cell products in patients with HF. All patients will complete follow-up by the end of June and final primary (12-month) safety and outcomes data will be available in August 2020.
Abstract 16429: Questioning the Effect of Hypogastric Artery Exclusion on Erectile Function Following Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Kyla M Bennett, Landon Hurley, Tassos Kyriakides, Jon Matsumura
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Published reports suggest negative effect of exclusion of antegrade hypogastric artery flow on erectile function after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVR). This has stimulated new branched device development and off-label and open surgical hybrid procedures, trying to maintain antegrade pelvic perfusion in EVR patients. However, proof is lacking that such efforts have positive influence on clinical outcomes with respect to erectile function. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that, when analyzed 60 months postoperatively, there would be no difference in patient-reported erectile function outcomes when compared between patients with and without maintenance of bilateral antegrade pelvic perfusion following EVR. Methods: OVER trial patients were all male and had erectile function assessed at multiple time points by administration of the IIEF-5 questionnaire. Bayesian hierarchical regression models were created with the outcome variable (erectile function) treated as a latent variable. Primary effects of differences in erectile function between groups with and without preservation of bilateral antegrade hypogastric flow were compared. In addition to visual inspection of the posterior predictive distribution, model convergence was assessed by maximum Gelman-Rubin statistic &lt;1.001. Results: 252 men from the EVR arm of the OVER trial were included in the analysis. Of these, 202 underwent a repair which maintained bilateral antegrade pelvic flow while 50 did not preserve both hypogastrics. After adjustment for baseline score, age, beta blocker use, ejection fraction, preoperative ABIs and time, loss of bilateral antegrade hypogastric perfusion was not associated with a significant difference in IIEF score compared to maintenance of antegrade perfusion (score change: -0.065; 95% CI: -0.239, 0.109). Conclusions: This is the largest aneurysm treatment trial to prospectively collect data on erectile function. There is no evidence that decreased erectile function is mitigated by preservation of antegrade hypogastric flow. Additional radiation exposure and resource utilization for this purpose may be unnecessary.
Abstract 13875: Pulmonary Artery Pressure Guided Heart Failure Management Reduces Hospitalizations Across All Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Nirav Y Raval, Ali Velika, Philip Adamson, Christopher Williams, Marie-elena Brett, Maria Rosa Costanzo
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)-guided treatment reduces heart failure hospitalizations (HFH) in randomized and “real world” studies. Underlying CKD in HF patients portends poorer outcomes. This analysis was performed to determine if benefit of PAP-guided HF therapy persists with increasing CKD severity. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in NYHA Class III HF recipients of the PAP sensor enrolled in the CardioMEMS Post Approval Study. Patients were subdivided into quartiles of glomerular filtration rates estimated by MDRD equation (eGFR). Rates of HFH 1 year before versus 1 year after PAP sensor implantation were compared across quartiles of eGFR using the Andersen-Gill Cox proportional hazards model, while accounting for competing risk of death, advanced HF therapies, and progression to end-stage kidney disease. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of CKD (baseline eGFR &lt; 90 mL/min/1,73m 2 ) progression. Results: Among 1200 PAP sensor recipients, 1119 had concomitant CKD with CKD stages 3 and 4 occurring in 754 patients (67.4%). In CKD patients, 40.6%, 42.1%, and 17.3%, respectively, demonstrated worse, unchanged, or improved CKD stage. Compared to 12 pre-implant months, HFH rates dropped in 12 months after implant across all eGFR quartiles (Table). PA systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures decreased from baseline to 24 months in all GFR quartiles. The baseline mean PAP as a continuous variable independently predicted CKD progression (OR: 1.027, p= 0.0006). Conclusion: Reduction of HFH by PAP-guided therapy occurred across CKD stages in a large HF population receiving the CardioMEMS sensor after Food and Drug Administration approval. Thus, PAP monitoring enables safe HF therapy optimization even in patients with advanced CKD. Since higher baseline mean PAP independently forecasts CKD worsening, HF patients with this unfavorable hemodynamic value require intensified monitoring.
Abstract 13909: A Novel Photon-powered Biologic Gel for Enhanced Wound Healing in a Peripheral Arterial Disease Model
Authors: Yuanjia Zhu, Jinsuh Jung, Shreya Anilkumar, Akshara D Thakore, Justin M Farry, Hanjay Wang, Y Joseph Y Woo
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Synechococcus elongatus is a cyanobacterium that grows photoautotrophically. We hypothesized that a biologic gel containing S. elongatus could provide O 2 via photosynthesis to ischemic tissue due to peripheral arterial disease to accelerate wound healing. Methods: Sodium hyaluronate powder was mixed with cyanobacterial growth media BG11 at 2wt% to create the gel. S. elongatus was added at 100 million cells/mL to create the biologic gel. Wistar rats (control, n=12; gel, n=10; biologic gel in light, n=13; biologic gel in dark, n=10), after femoral artery ligation, received an ipsilateral wound of 1cm in diameter on the tarsal surface using electrocautery. Wound dressings were changed daily. Lesions were harvested on day 7 for histology evaluation, and blood samples were collected. Results: Rat tarsal tissue O 2 level had the largest fold change after applying biologic gel in light (7.0±1.5) compared to the control (1.7±0.3, p =.004), gel (2.6±0.4, p =.0007), and biologic gel in dark groups (1.8±0.3, p &lt;.0001). Tarsal lesions after 7 days of treatment are shown in Fig.1A . Compared to controls, average wound areas were the smallest in rats receiving biologic gel in light on days 3, 5, and 7 ( Fig.1B ). Rats that received biologic gel in light took 12±1.1 days to heal, faster than the control, gel, and biologic gel in dark groups ( Fig.1C ). C-reactive protein level was zero for all rats, and none had positive blood culture. There was no difference in complete blood count on day 7 among the groups. Rats that received biologic gel in light compared to other groups demonstrated less tissue destruction and enhanced remodeling on day 7 ( Fig.1D-K ). Conclusions: The sodium hyaluronate- S. elongatus biologic gel was effective in accelerating wound healing in a peripheral arterial disease model by delivering oxygen to ischemic tissues. This photon-powered biologic gel shows potential for application as a novel wound dressing capable of promoting tissue formation and remodeling.
Trends in County-Level COVID-19 Incidence in Counties With and Without a Mask Mandate — Kansas, June 1–August 23, 2020
Authors: Miriam E. Van Dyke, Tia M. Rogers, Eric Pevzner, Catherine L. Satterwhite, Hina B. Shah, Wyatt J. Beckman, Farah Ahmed, D. Charles Hunt, John Rule
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Wearing masks is a CDC-recommended* approach to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 , by reducing the spread of respiratory droplets into the air when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks and by reducing the inhalation of these droplets by the wearer.On July 2, 2020, the governor of Kansas issued an executive order † (state mandate), effective July 3, requiring masks or other face coverings in public spaces.CDC and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment analyzed trends in county-level COVID-19 incidence before (June 1-July 2) and after (July 3-August 23) the governor's executive order among counties that ultimately had a mask mandate in place and those that did not.As of August 11, 24 of Kansas's 105 counties did not opt out of the state mandate § or adopted their own mask mandate shortly before or after the state mandate was issued; 81 counties opted out of the state mandate, as permitted by state law, and did not adopt their own mask mandate.After the governor's executive order, COVID-19 incidence (calculated as the 7-day rolling average number of new daily cases per 100,000 population) decreased (mean decrease of 0.08 cases per 100,000 per day; net decrease of 6%) among counties with a mask mandate (mandated counties) but continued to increase (mean increase of 0.11 cases per 100,000 per day; net increase of 100%) among counties without a mask mandate (nonmandated counties).The decrease in cases
The Impact of Hospital-Ward Ventilation on Airborne-Pathogen Exposure
Authors: Nicola Mingotti, Dorothy Grogono, Gennaro dello Ioio, Martin Curran, Kathryn Barbour, Marlene Taveira, Josie Rudman, Charles S. Haworth, R. Andres Floto, Andrew W. Woods
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)
Abstract 15665: Can Pulmonary Vasodilators Grow Pulmonary Vasculature in Cases With Bidirectional Glenn for Fontan Candidates?
Authors: Kousuke Yonehara
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: The condition of pulmonary vasculature is a key to determine the outcome of Fontan candidates. The previous reports described no significant growth of pulmonary arteries (PA) after having bi-directional Glenn shunt (BDG), which may influence peri- and post-operative management of Fontan procedure. Aim: We hypothesized the pulmonary vasodilators (PVDs) facilitate to grow small PA even after BDG in Fontan Candidates. Method: The twenty-one cases after BDG, whose PA index (Nakata index) were less than 140 mm 2 /m 2 , were enrolled. The enrolled cases were divided into two group: 15 with PVDs treatment ( PV+) and 6 without (PV-). PVDs used in this study were PDE5 inhibitor, Endothelin-receptor-blocker, oral prostacyclines , and their combination. In addition to measure the hemodynamic parameters ( mean PA pressure(mPAp), indexed pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp), Pulmonary flow (Qp) ), PA index and PA branch index ( a sum of cross-sectional area of first PA branches at both side indexed by body surface area) were measured and compared at the timing of after BDG and at after Fontan completion, respectively. Result: PA index and PA branch index after BDG of (PV+) and (PV-)were 104±33 vs 104±17 mm 2 /m 2 : 151±33 vs 194±45 mm 2 /m 2 . PA index in both groups after Fontan procedure was increased up to 153±42 vs 152±56 mm 2 /m 2 in same fashion, while PA branch index of (PV+) was significantly increased up to 199±60 than that of (PV-) 226±65 mm 2 /m 2 (% increase was 131% vs 116%). Rp and mPAp in both groups were not changed , while Qp in (PV+) was significantly more increased (140%) than that in (PV-)(107%). In conclusion, PVDs facilitates the growth of PA branches by increasing Qp, which brings a favor outcome of Fontan patients.
Characterising West Nile virus epidemiology in Israel using a transmission suitability index
Authors: José Lourenço, Robin N Thompson, Julien Thézé, Uri Obolski
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

Background Climate is a major factor in the epidemiology of West Nile virus (WNV), a pathogen increasingly pervasive worldwide. Cases increased during 2018 in Israel, the United States and Europe. Aim We set to retrospectively understand the spatial and temporal determinants of WNV transmission in Israel, as a case study for the possible effects of climate on virus spread. Methods We employed a suitability index to WNV, parameterising it with prior knowledge pertaining to a bird reservoir and Culex species, using local time series of temperature and humidity as inputs. The predicted suitability index was compared with confirmed WNV cases in Israel (2016–2018). Results The suitability index was highly associated with WNV cases in Israel, with correlation coefficients of 0.91 (p value = 4 × 10 − 5 ), 0.68 (p = 0.016) and 0.9 (p = 2 × 10 − 4 ) in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The fluctuations in the number of WNV cases between the years were explained by higher area under the index curve. A new WNV seasonal mode was identified in the south-east of Israel, along the Great Rift Valley, characterised by two yearly peaks (spring and autumn), distinct from the already known single summer peak in the rest of Israel. Conclusions By producing a detailed geotemporal estimate of transmission potential and its determinants in Israel, our study promotes a better understanding of WNV epidemiology and has the potential to inform future public health responses. The proposed approach further provides opportunities for retrospective and prospective mechanistic modelling of WNV epidemiology and its associated climatic drivers.
History repeating itself for ethnic minority doctors
Authors: Lakshya Soni, Jasen Soopramanien, Kirthi Shamanur, Sagar Mittal
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The global community has progressed so much with regard to racism, cultural awareness, and promoting equal opportunities, so it is disheartening to see that little has changed in the NHS for ethnic minority practitioners.1

In 1912 Harold Moody, a black physician of Jamaican origin, was denied the opportunity to practise medicine …
A 3D-bioprinted scaffold with doxycycline-controlled BMP2-expressing cells for inducing bone regeneration and inhibiting bacterial infection
Authors: Minqi Wang, Hanjun Li, Yiqi Yang, Kai Yuan, Feng Zhou, Haibei Liu, Qinghui Zhou, Shengbing Yang, Tingting Tang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Large bone defects face a high risk of pathogen exposure due to open wounds, which leads to high infection rates and delayed bone union. To promote successful repair of infectious bone defects, fabrication of a scaffold with dual functions of osteo-induction and bacterial inhibition is required. This study describes creation of an engineered progenitor cell line (C3H10T1/2) capable of doxycycline (DOX)-mediated release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). Three-dimensional bioprinting technology enabled creation of scaffolds, comprising polycaprolactone/mesoporous bioactive glass/DOX and bioink, containing these engineered cells. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that the scaffold could actively secrete BMP2 to significantly promote osteoblast differentiation and induce ectopic bone formation. Additionally, the scaffold exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial capacity, thereby ensuring the survival of embedded engineered cells when facing high risk of infection. These findings demonstrated the efficacy of this bioprinted scaffold to release BMP2 in a controlled manner and prevent the occurrence of infection; thus, showing its potential for repairing infectious bone defects.