tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selective hypercontraction caused by ergonovine in the canine coronary artery under conditions of induced atherosclerosis.
Authors: YKawachi, HTomoike, YMaruoka, YKikuchi, HAraki, YIshii, KTanaka, MNakamura
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The relationship between the hypercontractile response of the regional coronary artery to ergonovine and induced vascular change after endothelial denudation and a high-cholesterol diet was examined in dogs by arteriographic (in situ) and mechanographic (in vitro) methods. In 15 mongrel dogs, selective endothelial denudation of either the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) or left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was repeated twice 1 month apart by means of coronary arterial catheterization. A high-cholesterol diet (20 g/day) was given thereafter for 3 (n = 15) and 6 (n = 8) months. Although there was no difference in the extent of coronary vasoconstriction between the LAD and LCX before or immediately after endothelial denudation, after intravenous administration of ergonovine a significant augmentation of coronary constriction along the denuded portion was noted arteriographically in the long-term phase (1 to 6 months). At the end of the study in vivo, isometric tension of the strips of the ...
Reflex sympathoexcitation by cardiac sympathetic afferents during myocardial ischemia. Role of adenosine.
Authors: M DThames, TKinugawa, M EDibner-Dunlap
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDStimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents during myocardial ischemia has been attributed to bradykinin released from the ischemic myocardium. Recent data from human studies suggest that adenosine may serve as this mediator. Our experiments were done to determine whether reflex sympathoexcitatory responses to activation of cardiac sympathetic afferents during myocardial ischemia could be inhibited by blockade of adenosine receptors and augmented by increasing the local concentrations of adenosine in the ischemic myocardium.METHODS AND RESULTSExperiments were done in 29 anesthetized dogs with bilateral vagotomy and carotid sinus denervation. Activation of cardiac sympathetic afferent fibers was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) combined with rapid atrial pacing (pacing rate, 200 beats per minute). LAD occlusion plus rapid atrial pacing increased renal sympathetic nerve activity by 20 +/- 4% before but by only 7 +/- 1% after administration of aminophyllin...
Angioplasty for coarctation of the aorta: long-term results.
Authors: R SCooper, S BRitter, W BRothe, C KChen, RGriepp, R JGolinko
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Balloon coarctation angioplasty (BCA) was performed in seven consecutive patients (five boys and two girls) 18 months to 18 years old (mean 9.5) with isolated discrete unoperated coarctation of the aorta. A No. 8F or 9F catheter was chosen with balloon lengths of 30 or 40 mm and maximum inflation diameters 1 mm less than the smallest measured aortic diameter determined 1 cm proximal to the coarctation site. A 10 sec inflation-deflation cycle of 6 to 8 atmospheres (90 to 120 psi) was performed. The peak systolic pressure gradient (PSG) before BCA ranged from 35 to 70 mm Hg (mean 58), and immediately after BCA it decreased to 0 to 20 mm Hg (mean 7). One to two year follow-up (mean 14 months) of the seven patients revealed a PSG range of 10 to 30 mm Hg (mean 19). Repeat angiography was performed immediately proximal to the coarctation site. Three patients (43%) had evidence of aneurysm formation at or immediately distal to the balloon dilatation site. One patient had coarctation restenosis. While initial res...
Cis-regulatory chromatin loops arise before TADs and gene activation, and are independent of cell fate during early Drosophila development
Authors: Sergio Martin Espinola, Markus Götz, Maelle Bellec, Olivier Messina, Jean-Bernard Fiche, Christophe Houbron, Matthieu Dejean, Ingolf Reim, Andrés M. Cardozo Gizzi, Mounia Lagha, Marcelo Nollmann
Journal: Nature Genetics (2021)
Relation between leisure-time physical activity and blood pressure in older women.
Authors: P DReaven, EBarrett-Connor, SEdelstein
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Although there is some evidence that physical activity may decrease blood pressure in young and middle-aged women, the physical activity-blood pressure association in older women has rarely been studied. As part of an ongoing community-based study of chronic disease, 641 Caucasian women between the ages of 50 and 89 years had blood pressure measured following the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program protocol. They also answered selected Health Interview Survey questions about their leisure-time activity and were classified into categories of light (58%), moderate (24%), heavy (6%), or no physical activity (12%) by the estimated metabolic rate required for each activity. Women who engaged in any physical activity were significantly younger and thinner than sedentary women and had lower fasting and 2-hour postchallenge insulin levels. They did not differ in alcohol consumption, cigarette use, or prevalence of coronary heart disease or diabetes. Rates of systolic and diastolic hypertension were signi...
A guide to the radiographic identification of prosthetic heart valves: an addendum.
Authors: D JMehlman
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Several years ago A Guide to the Radiographic Identification of Prosthetic Heart Valves (Circulation 57:613, 1978) described the radiographic silhouettes of 40 different cardiac prosthesis in clinical use. Since that time a number of prostheses have been developed and introduced to clinical practice. Ten of these newer prostheses manufactured by six domestic companies were photographed and radiographed as they would be expected to appear in standard chest radiographs. The radiographic silhouettes are described and distinguishing features are discussed.
Potassium accumulation in the globally ischemic mammalian heart. A role for the ATP-sensitive potassium channel.
Authors: A AWilde, DEscande, C ASchumacher, DThuringer, MMestre, J WFiolet, M JJanse
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We investigated the contribution of opening of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel to extracellular accumulation of K+ during ischemia with the use of glibenclamide, a specific blocker of this K+ channel. To characterize the electrophysiological effects of glibenclamide during metabolic inhibition (by either application of dinitrophenol or hypoxia) we performed patch-clamp studies in isolated membrane patches of guinea pig myocytes and in intact guinea pig myocytes and studied action potential parameters in isolated superfused guinea pig papillary muscle. We studied the effect of glibenclamide on extracellular accumulation of K+ and H+ in isolated retrogradely perfused globally ischemic hearts of rat, guinea pig, and rabbit. Experimental evidence is presented that supports the conclusions that glibenclamide 1) effectively blocks open K+ATP channels, 2) reverses the dinitrophenol-induced increase of the outward current and prevents the hypoxia-induced shortening of the action potential, 3) decreases the rate of K...
Treatment of Depression
Authors: Martin B. Keller
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to reply to Dr Uhlenhuth's editorial (1982; 248:1879) commenting on "Treatment Received by Depressed Patients" (1982;248:1848). Our first point of disagreement with Dr Uhlenhuth concerns his pessimism that education is unlikely materially to affect depressed persons, particularly if his opinion is based primarily on data from the two studies he cites on the "ineffectiveness of patient package inserts"<sup>1</sup>and "the analysis of alternative designs for estrogen leaflets."<sup>2</sup>We have in mind a much more visible and broadbased approach to making the public aware of the symptoms of depression and the availability of effective medication, such as the planned National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) program on project depression. We believe that increasing the likelihood that patients will seek help is a necessary first step toward a successful therapy. With regard to determining the adequacy of diffusion of current knowledge about antidepressants among physicians,
Angiotensinergic versus nonangiotensinergic hemodynamic effects of converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic heart failure. Assessment by acute renin and converting enzyme inhibition.
Authors: WKiowski, JBeermann, PRickenbacher, RHaemmerli, MThomas, FBurkart, TMeinertz
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDThe contribution of nonangiotensinergic effects of converting enzyme inhibitors to their hemodynamic effects in patients with chronic heart failure is not clear. A comparison of the effects of renin and converting enzyme inhibition should help to clarify this issue.METHODS AND RESULTSThirty-six patients with chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association class II or III) were randomly assigned to receive double-blind either intravenous placebo, the renin inhibitor remikiren, or the converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat followed by coinfusion of a second placebo infusion, the addition of remikiren to enalaprilat, or the addition of enalaprilat to remikiren, respectively. Systemic hemodynamics (Swan-Ganz and radial artery catheters) were measured before (rest and submaximal recumbent bicycle ergometry), during (rest), and at the end (rest and exercise) of each 45-minute single- or combination-infusion period. Placebo did not change hemodynamics or renin activity. Effective inhibition of the r...
Functional morphology of the pressure- and the volume-hypertrophied rat heart.
Authors: H LLin, K VKatele, A FGrimm
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

We studied hearts in which hypertrophy was caused by both pressure and volume overload. Pressure hypertrophy was induced by an aortic constriction; volume hypertrophy was induced by an iron-copper deficiency (anemia). The ventricular weight was increased by 34% in the pressure-hypertrophied hearts at the end of 6 weeks. The ventricular weight was increased by 54% in the volume-hypertrophied hearts at the end of 3 months. A potassium arrest-formalin fixation technique was used to produce a diastole-like ventricle. In the pressure-hypertrophied ventricle, the ventricular wall thickness and external radii were significantly increased, whereas the valve-to-apex distance and internal radii remained unchanged. We also found that in the volume-hypertrophied ventricle there was an increase in the valve-to-apex distance, external radii, internal radii, and wall thickness. Although external and internal dimensions increased, the ventricular shape did not change significantly in the volume-hypertrophied ventricle.
Effect of coronary thrombus age on fibrinogen uptake.
Authors: C BMoschos, H AOldewurtel, BHaider, T JRegan
Journal: Circulation (1976)

A study was carried out to define the time limits during which an experimental coronary thrombus remains capable of incorporating fibrinogen. 131I-fibrinogen was given to intact anesthetized dogs at different time intervals, up to 67 hours, following the formation of a coronary thrombus by catheter-electrode. Radioactivity of the recovered thrombi as a whole and segmentally divided, was determined following variable time intervals of exposure to circulating fibrinogen and was expressed as thrombus/blood ratio. The results indicate that coronary thrombi formed in a normal coronary vessel remain capable of incorporating fibrinogen for at least eighteen hours, with no significant differences in the segmental distribution of radioactivity. These findings do not support the view that the recovery of isotopic fibrinogen, which was given after the onset of coronary symptoms, in thrombi from patients with myocardial infarction establishes that the thrombus was initiated after the ischemic process.
Monitoring and Evaluating Progress towards Universal Health Coverage in Bangladesh
Authors: Tanvir Huda, Jahangir A. M. Khan, Karar Zunaid Ahsan, Kanta Jamil, Shams El Arifeen
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

This paper is a country case study for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, organized by WHO. Tanvir Mahmudul Huda and colleagues illustrate progress towards UHC and its monitoring and evaluation in Bangladesh. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Echocardiografic Abnormalities in Patients with Sickle Cell/β-Thalassemia Do Not Depend on the β-Thalassemia Phenotype
Authors: Bruno Deltreggia Benites, Ianara Silva Cisneiros, Stephany Oliveira Bastos, Ana Paula Beppler Lazaro Lino, Fernando Ferreira Costa, Simone Cristina Olenscki Gilli, Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
Journal: Blood (2017)
Causal Effects of Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Neuroticism on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Sehoon Park, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Yeonhee Lee, Min Woo Kang, Kwangsoo Kim, Yong Chul Kim, Seung Seok Han, Hajeong Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Kwon Wook Joo, Chun Soo Lim, Yon Su Kim, Dong Ki Kim
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Further investigation of the causal effects of psychologic wellbeing on kidney function is warranted.In this Mendelian randomization (MR) study, genetic instruments for positive affect, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism were introduced from a previous genome-wide association study meta-analysis of European individuals. Summary-level MR was performed using the CKDGen data of European ancestry (n=567,460), and additional allele score-based MR was performed in the individual-level data of White British UK Biobank participants (n=321,024).In summary-level MR with the CKDGen data, depressive symptoms were a significant causative factor for kidney function impairment (CKD OR, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.96; eGFR change [%] beta -2.18; 95% confidence interval, -3.61 to -0.72) and pleiotropy-robust sensitivity analysis results supported the causal estimates. A genetic predisposition for positive affect was significantly associated with better kidney function (CKD OR, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.91), eGFR change [%] beta 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.09 to 2.93) and sensitivity MR analysis results supported the finding for CKD outcome, but was nonsignificant for eGFR. Life satisfaction and neuroticism exposures showed nonsignificant causal estimates. In the UK Biobank with covariate-adjusted allele score MR analysis, allele scores for positive affect and life satisfaction were causally associated with reduced risk of CKD and higher eGFR. In contrast, neuroticism allele score was associated with increased risk of CKD and lower eGFR, and depressive symptoms allele score was associated with lower eGFR, but showed nonsignificant association with CKD.Health care providers in the nephrology field should be aware of the causal linkage between psychologic wellbeing and kidney function.
Left ventricular function and adrenergic hyperactivity before and after saphenous vein bypass.
Authors: HBoudoulas, R PLewis, J SVasko, P EKarayannacos, B MBeaver
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Forty patients with severe angina pectoris were studied before and two weeks after saphenous vein bypass surgery (SVG) in order to assess the effect of this operation on left ventricular performance as judged by systolic time intervals (STI). The patients were divided into two groups: group I included 29 patients in whom no postoperative infarction occurred and group II was composed of 11 patients with postoperative infarction. For group I the PEP/LVET was 0.39 +/- 0.01 preop and slightly but significantly increased at 0.42 +/- 0.004 (P less than 0.025) two weeks postop. The mean preop PEP/LVET was 0.33 +/- 0.01 for group II and dramatically increased to 0.54 +/- 0.02 (P less than 0.001) after surgery. Another striking abnormally was a marked shortening of electromechanical systole (QS2I), which was uniformly present in the postoperative studies. Follow-up studies in 16 patients and urinary catecholamine determination in five patients suggested excessive adrenergic activity was responsible for the abbrevi...
Optimal anticipatory control as a theory of motor preparation: A thalamo-cortical circuit model
Authors: Ta-Chu Kao, Mahdieh S. Sadabadi, Guillaume Hennequin
Journal: Neuron (2021)

Across a range of motor and cognitive tasks, cortical activity can be accurately described by low-dimensional dynamics unfolding from specific initial conditions on every trial. These "preparatory states" largely determine the subsequent evolution of both neural activity and behavior, and their importance raises questions regarding how they are, or ought to be, set. Here, we formulate motor preparation as optimal anticipatory control of future movements and show that the solution requires a form of internal feedback control of cortical circuit dynamics. In contrast to a simple feedforward strategy, feedback control enables fast movement preparation by selectively controlling the cortical state in the small subspace that matters for the upcoming movement. Feedback but not feedforward control explains the orthogonality between preparatory and movement activity observed in reaching monkeys. We propose a circuit model in which optimal preparatory control is implemented as a thalamo-cortical loop gated by the basal ganglia.
Echocardiographic features of subpulmonic obstruction in dextro-transposition of the great vessels.
Authors: N CNanda, RGramiak, J AManning, E OLipchik
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Eleven patients with dextro-transposition of the great vessels (TGV) and subpulmonic (left ventriclar outflow) obstruction documented by cardiac catheterization and angiography were studied by echocardiography. Echocardiographic features were which characterized the outflow obstruction included a) prolonged diastolic apposition of the mitral valve with the ventricular septum (10 patients), b) smaller width of the pulmonary artery as compared to the aortic root (10 cases), and c) narrowing of the subpulmonic area demonstrated by beam anglation studies through the planes of the mitral valve and the pulmonary artery (five cases). In addition, four patients showed abnormal systolic anterior movements (SAMs) of the anterior mitral leaflet resembling those observed in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. The SAM'S WERE LARGE IN THREE PATIENTS AND MAY HAVE ACCENTUATED THE OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION. Additional evidence for this was provided by the movement of the pulmonary valve towards closure with the onset of...
Relations between heart rate, ischemia, and drug therapy during daily life in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: J MMcLenachan, F FWeidinger, JBarry, AYeung, E GNabel, M BRocco, A PSelwyn
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies have shown that little if any increase in heart rate occurs 1 minute before the onset of ischemia in ambulant patients with coronary artery disease. This study tested the hypothesis that there are characteristic relations between heart rate and ischemia in ambulant patients with coronary artery disease.METHODS AND RESULTSTwenty-one patients with proven coronary disease demonstrated 212 episodes of ischemia during 504 hours of continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram. An important increase in heart rate (from 74 +/- 11 to 90 +/- 14 beats/min, p less than 0.001) occurred between 5 and 30 minutes (not 1 minute) before the onset of ischemia. A significantly higher heart rate at onset of ischemia was seen during Bruce protocol exercise testing than during daily life (117 +/- 12 versus 95 +/- 15 beats/min, p less than 0.01). However, when a less-strenuous, but more prolonged, exercise protocol was used in a subgroup of patients (n = 12), ischemia occurred at a heart rate that wa...
Cross-sectional echocardiographic visualization of the stenotic pulmonary valve.
Authors: A EWeyman, R AHurwitz, D AGirod, J CDillon, HFeigenbaum, DGreen
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Real-time, cross-sectional echocardiograms of the pulmonary valve were recorded in 22 patients with valvular pulmonary stenosis (VPS) (14 mild, eight moderate or severe) and 25 normal subjects. Normally during systole the pulmonary leaflet echoes moved rapidly apart and in the fully opened position lay parallel and in close apposition to the margins of the pulmonary artery. In 20 of 22 patients with VPS in whom the pulmonary valve was recorded the systolic configuration of the leaflets, opening pattern of the leaflet echoes, and presence of presystolic doming served to differentiate the stenotic valve from normal. In contrast M-mode recordings of the pulmonary valve were possible in only 12 of these 22 cases (seven mild and five moderate or severe) and suggested VPS in only the five cases with moderate or severe stenosis. Cross-sectional echocardiography offers a direct, noninvasive method for visualizing the stenotic pulmonary valve and should be improvement over the indirect M-mode data.
Enhanced cholinergic cutaneous vasodilation in Raynaud's phenomenon.
Authors: FKhan, J DCoffman
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDVasodilator function was determined in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon during intra-arterial infusions of the endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators, methacholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively. Reactive hyperemia, induced by 5 minutes of arterial occlusion with exercise, was also measured.METHODS AND RESULTSTotal blood flow was measured in the fingertip and forearm by venous occlusion plethysmography, and blood flow in the forearm skin was determined with laser Doppler flowmetry. Basal fingertip blood flow was not significantly different between control subjects and patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Infusions of methacholine had no significant effect on fingertip blood flow in control subjects, whereas patients with Raynaud's phenomenon showed a significant increase in fingertip blood flow. Basal total forearm blood flow was significantly lower in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon than in control subjects. Infusions of methacholine and sodium nitroprusside produced do...
Inhibitory role of the coronary arterial endothelium to alpha-adrenergic stimulation in experimental heart failure.
Authors: J SMain, CForster, P WArmstrong
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The role of the endothelium in regulating coronary alpha-adrenergic tone was evaluated in isolated coronary arterial rings from dogs with and without pacing-induced congestive heart failure (CHF). The maximal contractile response to methoxamine was attenuated approximately 43% (p less than 0.05) in both intact and denuded CHF rings compared with control. Conversely, norepinephrine-induced contractions were diminished 58% in intact CHF vessels and 39% in denuded CHF vessels (p less than 0.05). Denudation did not alter responses to methoxamine but significantly (p less than 0.05) augmented the tension generated by norepinephrine in both control (1.7-fold) and CHF (2.4-fold) arteries. In both intact control and CHF coronary arteries, norepinephrine elicited rapid, transient relaxations that preceded slow, sustained contractions; the initial relaxation phase was endothelium dependent, because denudation eliminated the response. Relaxations to the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist BHT 920 were also depend...