tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A MOUSE TEST FOR MEASURING THE IMMUNIZING POTENCY OF ANTIRABIES VACCINES
Authors: Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

1. A quantitative practical mouse test is described for measuring the immunizing potency of antirabies vaccines. 2. Virulent virus, injected intraperitoneally as a vaccine, immunized mice within 10 days and for a period of at least 9 months. Demonstrable neutralizing antibodies accompanied this immunity. Virus given subcutaneously failed to immunize as effectively. The margin between immunizing and infecting dose of vaccine was small. 3. Commercial vaccines containing virulent virus prepared for the treatment of man gave results similar to those obtained with laboratory virus. 4. Commercial vaccines inactivated with phenol and prepared for the treatment of man in general failed to immunize mice. None contained virulent virus. The phenolized preparation from one commercial firm, however, as also the chloroformized preparation from another, immunized mice consistently when given intraperitoneally in quantities approximating 5 times that advocated per gm. of body weight in man. 5. Commercial canine vaccines inactivated with phenol proved non-virulent and failed to immunize mice. 6. Commercial canine vaccines inactivated with chloroform (Kelser) proved non-virulent but capable of immunizing mice provided a single intraperitoneal injection of 2 to 5 times that prescribed for dogs per gm. of body weight was given. 7. Chloroformized vaccines proved irritative to the peritoneum of mice.
Psychogenic vomiting.
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Leading Articles MEDILJOURNA for full evaluation of patients with impaired selectivity of protein excretion.Most patients with severe glomerular abnormalities show additional features, particularly haematuria, hypertension, and impairment of renal function.'1 12Those with " mem- branoproliferative" glomerulonephritis may have reduced serum Blc-globulin levels."3 14Distinct patterns of immuno- globulin deposition can be detected by immunofluorescent techniques in glomeruli showing membranous and prolifera- tive lesions.15In short, all the diagnostic tests in use at present enable patients with steroid-resistant and progressive disease to be picked out with ease.However, the diagnosis of " minimal change " does not necessarily imply complete recovery.From the mortality rates recorded in two recent follow-up studies of nephrotic
Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 – a serial prospective cross-sectional nationwide study of residual samples, Belgium, March to October 2020
Authors: Sereina Annik Herzog, Jessie De Bie, Steven Abrams, Ine Wouters, Esra Ekinci, Lisbeth Patteet, Astrid Coppens, Sandy De Spiegeleer, Philippe Beutels, Pierre Van Damme, Niel Hens, Heidi Theeten
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Background To control epidemic waves, it is important to know the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and its evolution over time in relation to the control measures taken. Aim To assess the evolving SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroincidence related to the first national lockdown in Belgium, we performed a nationwide seroprevalence study, stratified by age, sex and region using 3,000–4,000 residual samples during seven periods between 30 March and 17 October 2020. Methods We analysed residual sera from ambulatory patients for IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein with a semiquantitative commercial ELISA. Weighted seroprevalence (overall and by age category and sex) and seroincidence during seven consecutive periods were estimated for the Belgian population while accommodating test-specific sensitivity and specificity. Results The weighted overall seroprevalence initially increased from 1.8% (95% credible interval (CrI): 1.0–2.6) to 5.3% (95% CrI: 4.2–6.4), implying a seroincidence of 3.4% (95% CrI: 2.4–4.6) between the first and second collection period over a period of 3 weeks during lockdown (start lockdown mid-March 2020). Thereafter, seroprevalence stabilised, however, significant decreases were observed when comparing the third with the fifth, sixth and seventh period, resulting in negative seroincidence estimates after lockdown was lifted. We estimated for the last collection period mid-October 2020 a weighted overall seroprevalence of 4.2% (95% CrI: 3.1–5.2). Conclusion During lockdown, an initially small but increasing fraction of the Belgian population showed serologically detectable signs of exposure to SARS-CoV-2, which did not further increase when confinement measures eased and full lockdown was lifted.
Treatment of adder bite.
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Thus it appears that while trauma can hardly be identified as a cause of basal, intraventricular, or spinal meningiomas, it may be an important factor in some of the turnours related to the cranial convexities, though in only a small proportion of cases can this be established with reasonable certainty.Sir Francis Walshe,5 however, considered that the inferences to be drawn from Cushing and Eisenhardt's admirable, but neglected, monograph were entirely valid and must not be ignored.Walshe described three examples of meningioma in which the tumour could reasonably be related to an earlier injury.In these cases the interval between the injury and the onset of symptoms varied from two months to 32 years, two of the tumours being situated at the pterion and one being parasagittal.Walshe then proceeded to rebuke the " keeping an open mind " attitude of his contemporaries towards this problem with customary verbal felicity: " Surely the per- petually 'open mind' is not an effective instrument of thought, and may too easily become a euphemism for the mind closed to the lessons of experience."
Side effects of statins: from pathophysiology and epidemiology to diagnostic and therapeutic implications
Authors: Massimiliano Ruscica, Nicola Ferri, Maciej Banach, Cesare R Sirtori, Alberto Corsini
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2022)

Treatment with statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, has proven beneficial preventive effects on cardiovascular events. However, discontinuation due to intolerance and non-adherence remain two of the major gaps in both primary and secondary prevention. This leads many patients with high-risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) to be inadequately treated or not to achieve target lipid level goals, and as consequence they undergo an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The aim of this review is thus to give an overview of the reasons for discontinuation and on the possible mechanisms behind them. Although statins, as a class, are generally safe, they are associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus and hepatic transaminase elevations. Incidence of cataracts or cognitive dysfunction and others presented in the literature (e.g. proteinuria and haematuria) have been never confirmed to have a causal link. Conversely, debated remains the effect on myalgia. Muscle side effects are the most commonly reported, although myalgia is still believed by some to be the result of a nocebo/drucebo effect. Concerning mechanisms behind muscular side effects, no clear conclusions have been reached. Thus, if on one side it is important to identify individuals either at higher risk to develop a side effect, or with confirmed risk factors and conditions of statin intolerance, on the other side alternative strategies should be identified to avoid an increased ASCVD risk.
Kirk's Hand-book of Physiology.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Two sides of the same coin: adaptation of BCIs to internal states with user-centered design and electrophysiological features
Authors: Yiyuan Han, Philipp Ziebell, Angela Riccio, Sebastian Halder
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2022)

The ideal brain–computer interface (BCI) adapts to the user's state to enable optimal BCI performance. Two methods of BCI adaptation are commonly applied: User-centered design (UCD) responds to individual user needs and requirements. Passive BCIs can adapt via online analysis of electrophysiological signals. Despite similar goals, these methods are rarely discussed in combination. Hence, we organized a workshop for the 8th International BCI Meeting 2021 to discuss the combined application of both methods. Here we expand upon the workshop by discussing UCD in more detail regarding its utility for end-users as well as non-end-user-based early-stage BCI development. Furthermore, we explore electrophysiology-based online user state adaptation concerning consciousness and pain detection. The integration of the numerous BCI user state adaptation methods into a unified process remains challenging. Yet, further systematic accumulation of specific knowledge about assessment and integration of internal user states bears great potential for BCI optimization.
Book Review Gardiner's Handbook of Skin Diseases . Revised by John Kinnear, T.D., M.D., M.R.C.P. (Edin.) Fourth edition. 12°, cloth, 239 pp., with 70 illustrations and 16 colored plates. Baltimore: Williams &amp; Wilkins Company, 1939. $3.50.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1940)
Proceedings of the British Thoracic Society. 6-7 December 1984, London. Abstracts.
Journal: Thorax (1985)

CAPEWELL for the Edinburgh Lung Cancer Group Scotland has one of the highest lung cancer rates in the world, over 120/105 in men.The Edinburgh Lung Cancer Group, formed in 1980, comprises physicians, surgeons, radiotherapists, oncologists, pathologists, and radiologists.In the three complete years 1981-3 we have recorded data on 2057 patients seen in hospital practice, representing at least 850/o of cases in our estimated population of 950 000.The cell type was know in 1660
MONILIASIS IN THE URINARY TRACT
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Current Comment
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MEDICINE AS APPLIED SCIENCE.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Readiness for Use of Type 2 Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine in Response to a Type 2 Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreak — Tajikistan, 2020–2021
Authors: Patrick O’Connor, Shahin Huseynov, Carrie F. Nielsen, Faizali Saidzoda, Eugene Saxentoff, Umeda Sadykova, Patricia Kormoss
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

On January 13, 2021, a vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) was identified by the Regional Reference Laboratory for Polio in Moscow, Russia* in a specimen from a patient with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Jaloliddin Balkhi district, Khatlon Region, in Tajikistan.Paralysis onset occurred on November 22, 2020.On February 6, 2021, a second, genetically linked VDPV2 paralytic case, with onset of paralysis on January 17, 2021, was confirmed from Khatlon Region in the neighboring Vakhsh district, indicating local transmission.Genetic sequencing of the isolate by the Regional Reference Laboratory for Polio in Moscow found a 20-nucleotide divergence from Sabin vaccine virus strain, and a 14-nucleotide divergence from a circulating VDPV2 (cVDPV2) reported from Khikorgangi, Pakistan on December 7, 2020, which suggests undetected circulation for approximately 12 months (1).On the basis of high-quality AFP surveillance in Tajikistan, the researchers concluded these cases likely represent recent importation (2).During 2014, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared polio a Public Health Emergency of International Concern under the International Health Regulations; the isolation of any poliovirus requires immediate reporting and prompt response (3).Children born after the global cessation of use of type 2containing oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) from routine immunization schedules in April 2016 have no mucosal immunity against type 2 polioviruses.Therefore, cVDPV2 outbreak immunization responses require the use of type 2-containing OPVs; however, in low-coverage settings, use of type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine increases the risk for seeding † of new * Tajikistan does not have a national polio laboratory; therefore, specimens are transported to the Regional Reference Laboratory for Polio in Moscow, Russia for testing on a regular basis.During the COVID-19 pandemic, regularly scheduled flights to and from Tajikistan were interrupted, and this affected the transportation of specimens.† Oral poliovirus vaccines are live attenuated virus vaccines and provide intestinal immunity; poliovirus replicates in the intestinal tract.The vaccine virus is excreted in stool and can spread from person to person.However, in communities with low immunization coverage, vaccine virus can circulate during an extended period leading to reversion to neurovirulence, which can result in paralysis identical to that caused by wild polioviruses.https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/hcp/vaccine-derived-poliovirus-faq.html
Symptomatic care in motor neurone disease.
Journal: BMJ (1976)

beneficial, since it protects against rhesus isoimmunisation.Possibly other immune processes are protective and beneficial in pregnancy.Furthermore, while the chances seem high that any immune disturbance has a primary place in the chain of events, possibly immunological processes are also implicated at some other point-for example, after tissue damage has been caused.Finally, we must remember that, as in diabetes, all cases of PET may not be caused in the same way.
Prevalence Trends of Site‐Specific Osteoarthritis From 1990 to 2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Huibin Long, Qiang Liu, Heyong Yin, Kai Wang, Naicheng Diao, Yuqing Zhang, Jianhao Lin, Ai Guo
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Objective To estimate systematic and anatomic site–specific age‐standardized prevalence rates (ASRs) and analyze the secular trends of osteoarthritis (OA) at global, regional, and national levels. Methods Data were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. ASRs and their estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were used to describe the secular trends of OA according to age group, sex, region, country, and territory, as well as the joints involved. Results Globally, prevalent cases of OA increased by 113.25%, from 247.51 million in 1990 to 527.81 million in 2019. ASRs were 6,173.38 per 100,000 in 1990 and 6,348.25 per 100,000 in 2019, with an average annual increase of 0.12% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.11%, 0.14%). The ASR of OA increased for the knee, hip, and other joints, but decreased for the hand, with EAPCs of 0.32 (95% CI 0.29, 0.34), 0.28 (95% CI 0.26, 0.31), 0.18 (95% CI 0.18, 0.19), and −0.36 (95% CI −0.38, −0.33), respectively. OA prevalence increased with age and revealed female preponderance, geographic diversity, and disparity with regard to anatomic site. OA of the knee contributed the most to the overall burden, while OA of the hip had the highest EAPC in most regions. Conclusion OA has remained a major public health concern worldwide over the past decades. The prevalence of OA has increased and diversified by geographic location and affected joint. Prevention and early treatment are pivotal to mitigating the growing burden of OA.
Preventable Trauma Deaths
Authors: Richard H. Cales
Journal: JAMA (1985)

ACCIDENTAL death, characterized as the neglected disease of modern society,<sup>1</sup>is the leading mortality cause for persons 1 through 39 years of age and the third for those of all ages.<sup>2</sup> Because of the medical, social, and economic implications of trauma, attention is increasingly focusing on a systems approach to reducing traumatic death and disability through prevention, treatment, and research.<sup>3-5</sup>Regional trauma care systems have not been universally implemented, however, because of concerns about need, efficacy, and cost. This review traces the evolution of the preventable death concept, discusses its influence on trauma care systems development, and proposes future research directions. <h3>HISTORICAL REVIEW</h3> The American College of Surgeons first addressed trauma care in 1922 by forming the Committee on Treatment of Fractures, now the Committee on Trauma.<sup>6</sup>Excepting the military experience,<sup>7</sup>however, care quality for the multiply injured received relatively little attention during the next
Duration of action of beta-blocking drugs.
Authors: Geoffrey Edsall
Journal: BMJ (1973)

SIR,-I was interested to read your leading article (26 May, p. 436) in which the different presentations of typhoid within developed temperate countries and undeveloped African countries was attributed to variations in in- fective, emotional, cultural, and religious backgrounds.Several years ago I had the opportunity of working in a mixed European and Asian conmunity during an outbreak of typhoid.Psychiatric symptoms occurred in no more than 10% of cases, and there was no apparent difference in the incidence of these symptoms between the two racial groups.
THE OLD HUMANITIES AND THE NEW SCIENCE: The Presidential Address delivered before the Classical Association at Oxford, May, 1919
Authors: W. Osler
Journal: BMJ (1919)

EARLY in the sixteentli century a literary joke sent in- * I am sorry to have seen Sargent's picture," GasNed," in this year's Academr.It haunts the mind like a nightmare.Levin-bolts and Thunders more horrible, more frightful, more diabolical, maiming, breaking, tearing, and slaying more folk, confounded men's senses and threw down more walls than would a hundred thunderbolts (Rabelais, Bk.IV, cli.lxi).Against reprisals there was at first a strong feeling.
Prevention for patients over 75: is it worth the bother?
Journal: BMJ (1986)

This paper describes the way in which one primary care team interpreted the evidence about screening and case finding in old age and introduced a simple system to test its feasibility. From the results of the study, which was conducted by members of the team without help from research workers, the team concluded that contact should be established with every person over the age of 75 every year but that it would continue to concentrate on managing problems known to it rather than searching for asymptomatic or unreported problems.
Medical research in Europe.
Authors: P Williams
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Sir HEDLEY ATKINS.It was the culmination of two and a half days of private discus- sions, in which representatives of 24 Euro- pean countries had examined how different systems of medical education influenced the en ry into and the conduct of medical re- search; how the system of health care affected opportunities for clinical research; and how central direction of resmarch, by minis- tries of health or of education-as opposed to free development in universities aided by research councils-affected the quality and usefulness of research.All the European countries, East and West, were represented except those who had no medical schools-Luxembourg and Monaco-and Czechos- lovakia and the U.
Variations in oral microbiota and salivary proteomics reveal distinct patterns in polysensitized individuals
Authors: Yanbo Wang, Qiaozhi Zhang, Chong Wang, Jianshe Chen, Zhouzhou Cheng, Lichun Luo, Jinlyu Sun, Linglin Fu
Journal: Allergy (2022)

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