tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic Surveillance Program in High-Risk Patients – The Experience From a Tertiary Centre
Authors: C Pinto, I Sá, I Pita, P Bastos, M Dinis-Ribeiro, C Brandão
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy. The most effective way to improve survival is by early detection and treatment of precursor lesions. Individuals with family history or genetic susceptibility have an increased risk and pancreatic screening is now recommended. Our aim was to assess the implementation of guidelines and its effectiveness.
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist regulates group 2 innate lymphoid cell‐dependent airway eosinophilic inflammation
Authors: Takahiro Matsuyama, Kentaro Machida, Yasutaka Motomura, Koichi Takagi, Yoichi Doutake, Asako Tanoue‐Hamu, Kiyotaka Kondo, Keiko Mizuno, Kazuyo Moro, Hiromasa Inoue
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Abstract Background Tiotropium bromide, a long‐acting muscarinic antagonist, reduces the frequency of exacerbation in patients with moderate to severe asthma, but its underlying mechanism is not clear. Asthma exacerbations are associated with exposure to external stimuli, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of asthma exacerbation. We investigated whether tiotropium modulates airway inflammation through ILC2 functions. Methods Mice were administered papain intranasally to induce innate‐type airway inflammation with or without tiotropium pretreatment, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and lung tissues were collected. Lung‐derived ILC2s and bone marrow‐derived basophils were stimulated in vitro with IL‐33 in the presence or absence of tiotropium. Muscarinic M3 receptor (M3R) expression on immune cells was assessed by RNA sequence. Results Papain induced airway eosinophilic inflammation, and tiotropium reduced the numbers of eosinophils in BALF. The concentrations of IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, and the numbers of ILC2s in BALF were also reduced by tiotropium treatment. However, tiotropium did not affect IL‐33‐induced IL‐5 and IL‐13 production from ILC2s, suggesting that tiotropium regulates ILC2s indirectly. Gene‐expression analysis showed that basophils predominantly expressed M3R mRNA among murine immune cells. Tiotropium reduced IL‐4 production from basophils derived from mouse bone marrow and human basophils after stimulation with IL‐33. Conclusions These findings suggest that tiotropium attenuates ILC2‐dependent airway inflammation by suppressing IL‐4 production from basophils and, subsequently, regulating ILC2 activation. The inhibitory effects of long‐acting muscarinic antagonists on the innate response may contribute to reducing asthma exacerbation.
Flow dynamics in the main pulmonary artery after the Fontan procedure in patients with tricuspid atresia or single ventricle.
Authors: MNakazawa, KNojima, HOkuda, YImai, TNakanishi, HKurosawa, ATakao
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We analyzed the flow velocity pattern in the main pulmonary artery after Fontan operation in patients with tricuspid atresia (n = 10) or with single ventricle (n = 10) by means of a catheter-mounted velocity probe. The area underneath the velocity signal of the forward flow was integrated, and ratios of the portions during atrial systole and during the diastolic phase to the total area (Fa and Fd) were calculated. The Fa was 0.54 +/- 0.09 in patients with tricuspid atresia and 0.45 +/- 0.05 in those with single ventricle (p less than .01). Cardiac output, obtained by the thermodilution method, was 2.45 +/- 0.48 liters/min/m2 in patients with tricuspid atresia and 2.75 +/- 0.72 liters/min/m2 in those with single ventricle. The forward flow during atrial contraction, calculated by multiplying Fa by cardiac output, was 1.32 +/- 0.35 liters/min/m2 in patients with tricuspid atresia and 1.23 +/- 0.33 liters/min/m2 in those with single ventricle. The diastolic forward flow, calculated from Fd and cardiac output...
Distinct patterns of connexin expression in canine Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle.
Authors: H LKanter, J GLaing, S LBeau, E CBeyer, J ESaffitz
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Electrical conduction is more rapid in Purkinje fibers than in ventricular muscle, which are distinct cardiac tissues that have different active and passive electrophysiological properties. We have recently demonstrated that canine myocardium contains multiple gap junction proteins or connexins that form channels with unique electrophysiological properties. To determine whether differences in connexin expression may account, in part, for the characteristic conduction properties of Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle, we assessed the amounts of mRNA for two connexins, Cx40 and Cx43, in these tissues obtained from canine hearts by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. We also characterized the distribution and relative abundance of these two connexins in gap junctions with immunocytochemistry. A significantly greater amount of Cx40 mRNA was observed in Purkinje fibers compared with ventricular muscle, a difference that was at least threefold according to quantitative in situ hybridization (p ...
Instrument for Predicting Early Stroke Recurrence: Ambiguity and Biases—Reply
Authors: Ethem Murat Arsava, Hakan Ay
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Spontaneous morphologic changes in left ventricular thrombi: a prospective two-dimensional echocardiographic study.
Authors: SDomenicucci, PBellotti, FChiarella, GLupi, CVecchio
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Previous retrospective echocardiographic studies have reported a higher embolic potential of left ventricular thrombi with protruding configuration and patterns of mobility. The present study was performed to prospectively assess the shape and mobility patterns of left ventricular thrombi and their spontaneous changes with time. Two-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained in 109 consecutive patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction within 24 hr of the onset of symptoms, every 24 hr until day 5, every 48 hr until day 15, and then every month for a follow-up of 1 to 29 (mean 14 +/- 8) months in the survivors. None of the patients were treated with anticoagulants or platelet inhibitors during the study period. Left ventricular thrombi, detected in 59 patients (54%), appeared from 1 to 362 (mean 12 +/- 47) days after myocardial infarction. At first detection, the shape was mural in 21 patients and protruding in 38; patterns of mobility were present in eight patients. During follow-up, changes in th...
Comprehensive genomic profiling of 443 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to reveal clinically relevant genomic alterations and to aid in classification of rare subtypes.
Authors: Sumanta Kumar Pal, Siraj Mahamed Ali, Zachary Chalmers, Jose A. Karam, Julia Andrea Elvin, Juliann Chmielecki, Roman Yelensky, Eliezer Mendel Van Allen, Doron Lipson, Kai Wang, Andre Poisl Fay, Vincent A. Miller, Phil Stephens, Jeffrey S. Ross, Toni K. Choueiri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

4520 Background: Large scale genomic sequencing studies in RCC (e.g., TCGA) have classically focused on localized disease, which is often curable. Advanced RCC represents a unique disease setting in which novel therapeutic targets may have a clinical impact. Methods: CGP for genomic alterations (GAs) was performed prospectively in 443 consecutive patients with advanced RCC (relapsed RCC or metastatic RCC at presentation). DNA was extracted from 40 microns of FFPE sections. CGP was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation based libraries to a mean coverage depth of 646X for 3,230 exons of 182 cancer-related genes plus 37 introns from 14 genes frequently rearranged in cancer (Frampton et al, Nat Biotechnol 2013). The CGP assay included base substitutions, INDELs, copy number alterations and fusions/rearrangements. Clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs) were defined as alterations for which a selective inhibitor of the target or pathway is available. Results: There were 73% male and 27% female patients with a mean age of 56 years. 198 (44.6%) of the sequenced RCC cases were derived from metastatic sites. 400 patients (89%) had at least 1 GA with a mean 3.1 GA/case. Of the 400 RCC harboring GA, 396 (99%) had at least 1 CRGA involving 111 individual genes with a mean of 1.32 CRGAs/RCC case. The most common CRGA in order of frequency were: ATM (11%), PTEN (8.5%), TSC1(8.3%), mTOR (7%), MET (6.5%), AR (5.3%), DNMT3A (5%) and TSC2 (5%). Other GAs such the ones with prognostic value in RCC included CDKN2A (21%) and BAP1 (12%). Collecting duct carcinomas (CDCs) harbored an enrichment of NF2 truncating alterations (>40%), distinct from renal medullary carcinoma (RMC). Multiple CDC cases harbored SMARCB1 alterations suggesting these cases could be construed as RMC if a genomic criterion of SMARCB1loss of function is used for diagnosis. Conclusions: CGP can uncover a wide variety of CRGAs in advanced RCC with the potential to direct use of targeted therapies based on the tumor genotype. CGP can also refine the diagnosis of renal epithelial neoplasms.
3D-Printed Implant Is Approved to Replace Ankle Joint Bone
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic Endoscopic Ultrasound (CH-EUS)-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Versus Standard Fine-Needle Aspiration In Pancreatic Masses: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: A Facciorusso, Mohan BP, Crinò SF, A Ofosu, D Ramai, A Lisotti, S Chandan, P Fusaroli
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims It is still unclear whether endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) contrast-enhanced Harmonic fine-needle aspiration (CH-EUS-FNA) determines superior results in comparison to standard EUS-FNA in tissue acquisition of pancreatic masses. The aim was to compare the pooled diagnostic performances of these two techniques.
Restoration of cerebrovascular CO2 responsivity by glutamine synthesis inhibition in hyperammonemic rats.
Authors: HTakahashi, R CKoehler, THirata, S WBrusilow, R JTraystman
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Hyperammonemia increases brain glutamine levels, causes astrocytic swelling, and depresses cerebral blood flow (CBF) responsivity to CO2. Methionine sulfoximine (MSO) inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity, known to be enriched in astrocytes, prevents ammonia-induced increases in brain glutamine and water content. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of glutamine accumulation restores CBF responsivity to CO2 during acute hyperammonemia. Pentobarbital-anesthetized rats treated with either vehicle or MSO (150 mg/kg i.p.) received a 6-hour intravenous infusion of either sodium or ammonium acetate. With subsequent induction of hypercapnia, CBF increased from 113 +/- 14 (mean +/- SEM) to 194 +/- 9 ml/min per 100 g in control rats but was unchanged from 107 +/- 13 to 79 +/- 10 ml/min per 100 g in hyperammonemic rats. Treatment with MSO in hyperammonemic rats restored the CBF response to hypercapnia (from 73 +/- 8 to 141 +/- 14 ml/min per 100 g). With induction of hypocapnia, CBF decreased from 114 +/- ...
The extraction of circulating catecholamines by the lungs in normal man and in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: M JSole, MDrobac, LSchwartz, M NHussain, E FVaughan-Neil
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We directly measured the net pulmonary extraction of circulating norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine in control patients and patients with primary or secondary pulmonary hypertension. Mixed pulmonary artery norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine were 314 +/- 13 pg/ml, 102 +/- 9 pg/ml, 51 +/- 5 pg/ml, respectively, for the control group; values were similar in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary extraction of norepinephrine was 25.4 +/- 2.6% (clearance 266 +/- 62 ng/min) in control patients; epinephrine and dopamine were not extracted. There was no net extraction or production of any of the three catecholamines by the lungs in any of the patients with pulmonary hypertension. We conclude that the lungs play a significant role in the inactivation of circulating norepinephrine in man. This metabolic function of the lungs appear to be lost in pulmonary hypertension.
Effects of pressure and volume of the receiving chamber on the spatial distribution of regurgitant jets as imaged by color Doppler flow mapping. An in vitro study.
Authors: B CMaciel, V AMoises, RShandas, I ASimpson, MBeltran, LValdes-Cruz, D JSahn
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Regurgitant jet dimensions imaged by color Doppler flow mapping have been used to evaluate the severity of valvular insufficiency in clinical studies. To study the effect of pressure and volume within the receiving chamber on the magnitude of spatial distribution of regurgitant jets assessed by color Doppler techniques, we designed a simple constant-flow model in which a jet was driven through a known orifice (1.5 mm2) into a compliant receiving chamber by a steady-flow pump. A distal tube at the outflow closed the system and maintained the volume of the chamber constant during pump operation. We varied flow rate from 60 to 270 ml/min into elastic balloons with different static compliances of 1, 2, 4.5, and 9 ml/mm Hg (pressures of 57, 28, 18, and 8 mm Hg, respectively); the balloons served as receiving chambers at the constant volume of 150 ml. We also evaluated the effect of different volumes of a receiving chamber (110, 130, and 150 ml and pressures of 5, 15, and 24 mm Hg) with a static compliance of 2...
Activation of cardiac sympathetic afferents during coronary occlusion. Evidence for reflex activation of sympathetic nervous system during transmural myocardial ischemia in the dog.
Authors: A JMinisi, M DThames
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDLeft ventricular sympathetic afferent nerves are located mainly in superficial epicardial layers. Reflex excitatory responses mediated by sympathetic afferent nerves have been observed during myocardial ischemia in cats and humans but not in dogs. Previous canine studies have induced ischemia by occlusion of a coronary artery. Extensive collateral circulation in the canine heart may limit ischemia of epicardial layers during simple coronary occlusion, resulting in little stimulation of sympathetic afferent nerves and minimal reflex excitatory responses.METHODS AND RESULTSIn anesthetized dogs with sinoaortic and vagal deafferentation, we determined whether reflex sympathoexcitatory responses mediated by sympathetic afferents occurred during transmural myocardial ischemia. Reflex sympathoexcitation was quantitated by direct recording from either efferent renal (n = 20) or cardiac (n = 5) sympathetic nerves. Responses of arterial pressure and efferent sympathetic nerve activity were measured during...
Control of cardiac sarcolemmal adenylate cyclase and sodium, potassium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase activities.
Authors: MTada, M AKirchberger, J MIorio, A MKatz
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

A plasma membrane preparation purified from guinea pig ventricles without the use of high concentrations of detergents or structure-disrupting salts was used to compare the mechanisms of controlling sodium, potassium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase (Na, K-ATPase) and adenylate cyclase activities. The basal ATPase activity of 4-6 mu moles P1/hour mg-1 protein, measured in 120 mM NaC1 or KC1, was approximately doubled in 100 mM NaC1 plus 20 mM KC1. This increment, the Na, K-ATPase, was abolished by 10-5M ouabain, the K1 for ouabain being approximately 3 X 10-7M. 1-Epinephrine had no effect on Na, K-ATPase, but NaF was inhibitory. Adenylate cyclase, which had a basal activity of approximately 50% by NaC1 or KC1 alone at concentrations up to 0.2M. There was no additional stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity when na+ K+ included together. Both 1-epinephrine and NaF cause significant stimulation of adenylate cyclase, but neither basal nor activated cyclic AMP PRODUCTION WAS INFLUENCED BY OUABAIN. Half-ma...
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Naive Colorectal Neoplasm Performed With a Water Jet System-Assisted Knife: Higher EN Bloc Resection Rate Than Conventional Technique
Authors: P Cecinato, M Campanale, M Lucarini, F Azzolini, C Tioli, R Sassatelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive approach that facilitates en bloc resection of colorectal lesions. This technique provides a high en bloc resection rate, accurate histological evaluation, and a low rate of local recurrence as compared with conventional EMR. However, colorectal ESD is still not widely used because of technical difficulty, risk of complications, and time required to carry out the procedure. To overcome the last limitation several techniques have been proposed. One of these is the use of a water jet system-assisted knife that allows to inject and cut with the same device. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of this technique and compared it with conventional ESD technique (CESD).
Gonadectomy and hormonal replacement changes systolic blood pressure and ventricular myosin isoenzyme pattern of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: MLengsfeld, IMorano, UGanten, DGanten, J CRüegg
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We investigated the influence of testosterone on systolic blood pressure, heart weight, body weight, and ventricular myosin isoenzyme pattern of male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP). In two different study series (study 1, postpubertal; study 2, prepubertal), SHRSP were gonadectomized (HG), gonadectomized and replaced with dihydrotestosterone (HG-T), and sham-operated (H). Blood pressure was significantly higher in HG-T animals in both study series. Only prepubertal gonadectomy (study 2, HG group) led to a significantly decreased blood pressure. Heart weight and body weight were significantly diminished in the HG group when compared to the H group in study 2. Dihydrotestosterone (HG-T group) reversed this effect. In both study series gonadectomy shifted the myosin isoenzyme pattern to the V3 form while testosterone replacement led to a myosin isoenzyme pattern in favor of the V1 form. We conclude that the ventricular myosin isoenzyme pattern is under the dominant control of androgens ...
De subitaneis mortibus. XX. Cardiac electrical instability in the presence of a left superior vena cava.
Authors: T NJames, T KMarshall, J EEdwards
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Abnormalities of cardiac rhythm have been reported by others in patients with a persistent left superior vena cava. We present the histological findings from postmortem examination of the cardiac conduction system of two such patients. The first patient was a schoolboy who died suddenly and unexpectedly. His sinus node was abnormally small, his A-V node contained numerous venous lacunae and was stretched out beneath the enlarged coronary sinus, both A-V node and His bundle were dispersed in the central fibrous body in a fetal pattern, and isolated fragments of A-V nodal tissue were connected to the myocardium at the crest of the interventricular septum. The second patient complained of palpitations many months prior to surgical correction of an interventricular septal defect; his postoperative course included multiple arrhythmias and he died suddenly on the 16th postoperative day. Although his sinus node was histologically normal, the nutrient artery contained a polypoid fibromuscular mass virtually occlu...
Hydraulic estimation of stenotic orifice area: a correction of the Gorlin formula.
Authors: S RCannon, K LRichards, MCrawford
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To determine the source of errors in the Gorlin formula for estimating stenotic valvular orifice area, we used a pulsatile flow model that emulated left ventricular and aortic pressures and flow and allowed control of ventricular outflow orifice area. After comparing orifice areas calculated by the Gorlin formula with actual orifice areas, the Gorlin formula constant (k) was found to be highly correlated with the square root of the mean transvalvular gradient (r = .95). A new formula was derived empirically and predicted areas more accurately and with smaller standard errors than the Gorlin formula in the model (r = .98, SEE = 0.11 and r = .87, SEE = 0.28, respectively) in a series of 19 patients with Hancock porcine xenograft valves (r = .89, SEE = 0.07 and r = .60, SEE = 0.12, respectively) and in the original series of patients reported by Gorlin and Gorlin in proposing the Gorlin formula (r = .93, SEE = 0.11 and r = .91, SEE = 0.12, respectively).
Small Bowel Anastomotic Ulcers As A Rare Cause Of Anemia/Overt Gastrointestinal Bleeding In Patients With A Previous Non-Ibd Related Small Intestine Resection
Authors: F Purchiaroni, C Marmo, G Costamagna, ME Riccioni
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Anastomotic ulcers represent a serious complication after gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. They have been described as mainly associated to bariatric surgery and colonic resection with ileocolic anastomosis. No data regarding small bowel (SB) anastomotic ulcerations after SB resection are currently available in literature.