tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immediate side effects of Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine: A nationwide survey of vaccinated people in Israel, December 2020 to March 2021
Authors: Shirley Shapiro Ben David, Sharon Baruch Gez, Daniella Rahamim-Cohen, Na’ama Shamir-Stein, Uri Lerner, Anat Ekka Zohar
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccine safety is of major interest worldwide, since there is no prior experience with it. Israel was one of the first countries to widely use the Comirnaty vaccine.AimWe aimed to assess the vaccine's short-term side effects directly from a large population and to predict influencing factors for self-reporting side effects.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we investigated self-reported systemic vaccine side-effects using electronic surveys sent to vaccinated individuals between 20 December 2020 and 11 March 2021, within 3 days following administration of the first and second dose. We determined predictors for reporting systemic side effects by logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1,213,693 patients received at least one vaccine dose and 301,537 (24.8%) answered at least one survey. Among them, 68,162 (30.4%) and 89,854 (59.9%) individuals filled the first and the second dose surveys, respectively, and reported one or more side effects. Most common side effects were fatigue, headache and myalgia. Several respondents reported facial paraesthesia after first and second dose, respectively (n = 1,675; 0.7% and n = 1,601; 1.1%). Individuals younger than 40 years and women reported side effects more frequently than others, but pregnant women reported less. Pregnancy was a weak predictor for reporting any side effect in general and in particular fatigue, myalgia, headache, chills and fever.ConclusionsWe found further support for minor short-term side effects, within 3 days of receiving the Comirnaty vaccine. These findings from vaccine recipients in general and pregnant women in particular can improve vaccine acceptance.
FULMINANT MYOCARDITIS SECONDARY TO COCAINE ABUSE REQUIRING VENO-ARTERIAL EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION
Authors: Cristopher Candido Sanchez Rodriguez, Efren Melano Carranza, Gustavo Rojas Velasco, Eduardo Bucio, Angel Ramos Enriquez, Daniel Manzur Sandoval, Luis A. Baeza Herrera, Eduardo A. Gonzalez Escudero, Isis G. Montalvo Ocotoxtle, Lizeth Escobar, Gabriela Melendez Ramirez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Among Individuals With Schizophrenia in Israel
Authors: Dana Tzur Bitan, Khalaf Kridin, Noga Givon-Lavi, Israel Krieger, Ehud Kaliner, Arnon Dov Cohen, Orly Weinstein
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Individuals with schizophrenia are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 illness and mortality. Previous reports have demonstrated vaccination gaps among this high-risk population; however, it is unclear whether these gaps have continued to manifest with the booster dose.To assess gaps in first, second, and booster vaccinations among individuals with schizophrenia.This was a matched, controlled, retrospective cohort study conducted in November 2021, and included follow-up data from March 2020, to November 2021. The study used the databases of Clalit Health Services, the largest health care management organization in Israel. Individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia at the onset of the pandemic and matched controls were included in the analysis.Rates of first, second, and booster vaccinations and time to reach vaccination.The study included 34 797 individuals (mean [SD] age, 50.8 [16.4] years; 20 851 men [59.9%]) with schizophrenia and 34 797 matched controls (mean [SD] age, 50.7 [16.4] years; 20 851 men [59.9]) for a total of 69 594 individuals. A total of 6845 of 33 045 individuals (20.7%) with schizophrenia were completely unvaccinated, compared with 4986 of 34 366 (14.5%) in the control group (odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.62-0.67, P < .001). Once vaccinated, no significant differences were observed in the uptake of the second vaccine. Gaps emerged again with the booster vaccine, with 18 469 individuals (74.7%) with schizophrenia completing the booster, compared with 21 563 (77.9%) in the control group (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.80-0.87, P < .001). Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated significant differences in time to reach vaccination, although gaps were lower compared with those reported in the first vaccination (log-rank test, 601.99 days; P < .001 for the first vaccination, compared with log-rank test, 81.48 days, P < .001 for the booster). Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that gaps in the first and booster vaccine were sustained even after controlling for demographic and clinical variables (first vaccine: hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.78-0.81; P < .001 and booster: HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001) but were not significant for the second vaccine.Results of this cohort study of Israeli adults found lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination among individuals with schizophrenia compared with a control group without schizophrenia, especially during the vaccine initiation phase. Countries worldwide should adopt strategies to mitigate the persistence of vaccination gaps to improve health care for this vulnerable population.
Impact of Duration of Neoadjuvant Aromatase Inhibitors on Molecular Expression Profiles in Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancers
Authors: Milana A. Bergamino, Gabriele Morani, Joel Parker, Eugene F. Schuster, Mariana F. Leal, Elena López-Knowles, Holly Tovey, Judith M. Bliss, John F.R. Robertson, Ian E. Smith, Mitch Dowsett, Maggie C.U. Cheang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment is the standard of care for postmenopausal women with primary estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The impact of duration of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) on molecular characteristics is still unknown. We evaluated and compared changes of gene expression profiles under short-term (2-week) versus longer-term neoadjuvant AIs.Global gene expression profiles from the PeriOperative Endocrine Therapy for Individualised Care (POETIC) trial (137 received 2 weeks of AIs and 47 received no treatment) and targeted gene expression from 80 patients with breast cancer treated with NET for more than 1 month (NeoAI) were assessed. Intrinsic subtyping, module scores covering different cancer pathways and immune-related genes were calculated for pretreated and posttreated tumors.The differences in intrinsic subtypes after NET were comparable between the two cohorts, with most Luminal B (90.0% in the POETIC trial and 76.3% in NeoAI) and 50.0% of HER2 enriched at baseline reclassified as Luminal A or normal-like after NET. Downregulation of proliferative-related pathways was observed after 2 weeks of AIs. However, more changes in genes from cancer-signaling pathways such as MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and immune response/immune-checkpoint components that were associated with AI-resistant tumors and differential outcome were observed in the NeoAI study.Tumor transcriptional profiles undergo bigger changes in response to longer NET. Changes in HER2-enriched and Luminal B subtypes are similar between the two cohorts, thus AI-sensitive intrinsic subtype tumors associated with good survival might be identified after 2 weeks of AI. The changes of immune-checkpoint component expression in early AI resistance and its impact on survival outcome warrants careful investigation in clinical trials.
Abstract P1-16-07: A synthetic lethality treatment strategy for p53 mutant breast cancer
Authors: Andrei Bakin, Justin Zonneville, Moyi Wang, Mohammed Alruwaili, Kevin Eng, Renuka Iyer, Ben Park, Christos Fountzilas
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Breast carcinomas commonly carry mutations in the tumor suppressor p53, while therapeutic efforts to target mutant p53 were largely unfruitful. Here we report preclinical data supporting a novel combination therapy strategy for treatment of p53-mutant cancers. Genomic data revealed a high expression activity of Base-Excision Repair (BER) pathways in p53-mutant breast cancers. We designed a new methodology for testing BER in live cells. The BER studies revealed a significant dysregulation in BER-mediated repair in p53-mutant cancer cells. Taken advantage in the BER defect, we developed a novel treatment strategy that specifically targets p53-mt cancers. We found that treatment with deoxyuridine analogues induced accumulation of DNA damage selectively in p53-mutant cells. Further, inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPi) greatly enhanced this response and increased cell death, although PARPi as a single agent was not effective. In contrast, normal cells responded to PARPi with activation of the p53-p21 axis and cell cycle arrest. Inactivation of p53 in p53 wild-type cell lines conferred the p53-mutant phenotype. Preclinical breast cancer studies revealed that the combination of deoxyuridine analogue with PARPi was more effective in inhibition of tumor growth and metastases than either drug alone. This work illustrates a novel combination therapy strategy that may improve survival rates and outcomes for thousands of breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Andrei Bakin, Justin Zonneville, Moyi Wang, Mohammed Alruwaili, Kevin Eng, Renuka Iyer, Ben Park, Christos Fountzilas. A synthetic lethality treatment strategy for p53 mutant breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-16-07.
Anti-HIV antibody development up to 1 year after antiretroviral therapy initiation in acute HIV infection
Authors: Julie L. Mitchell, Justin Pollara, Kenneth Dietze, R. Whitney Edwards, Junsuke Nohara, Kombo F. N’guessan, Michelle Zemil, Supranee Buranapraditkun, Hiroshi Takata, Yifan Li, Roshell Muir, Eugene Kroon, Suteeraporn Pinyakorn, Shalini Jha, Sopark Manasnayakorn, Suthat Chottanapund, Pattarawat Thantiworasit, Peeriya Prueksakaew, Nisakorn Ratnaratorn, Bessara Nuntapinit, Lawrence Fox, Sodsai Tovanabutra, Dominic Paquin-Proulx, Lindsay Wieczorek, Victoria R. Polonis, Frank Maldarelli, Elias K. Haddad, Praphan Phanuphak, Carlo P. Sacdalan, Morgane Rolland, Nittaya Phanuphak, Jintanat Ananworanich, Sandhya Vasan, Guido Ferrari, Lydie Trautmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in acute HIV infection (AHI) is effective at limiting seeding of the HIV viral reservoir, but little is known about how the resultant decreased antigen load affects long-term Ab development after ART. We report here that Env-specific plasma antibody (Ab) levels and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) increased during the first 24 weeks of ART and correlated with Ab levels persisting after 48 weeks of ART. Participants treated in AHI stage 1 had lower Env-specific Ab levels and ADCC activity on ART than did those treated later. Importantly, participants who initiated ART after peak viremia in AHI developed elevated cross-clade ADCC responses that were detectable 1 year after ART initiation, even though clinically undetectable viremia was reached by 24 weeks. These data suggest that there is more germinal center (GC) activity in the later stages of AHI and that Ab development continues in the absence of detectable viremia during the first year of suppressive ART. The development of therapeutic interventions that can enhance earlier development of GCs in AHI and Abs after ART initiation could provide important protection against the viral reservoir that is seeded in individuals treated early in the disease.
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PATIENTS WITHOUT STANDARD MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: A MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF 5400 ASIAN PATIENTS
Authors: Gwyneth Kong, Nicholas Chew, Cheng Han Ng, Aaron ST Mai, Roger Foo, James Wei Luen Yip, Tiong-Cheng Yeo, Adrian Fatt-Hoe Low, Chi-Hang Lee, Mark Y.Y. Chan, Huay-Cheem Tan, Poay Huan Loh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Abstract ES13-3: Novel epigenomic targets in TNBC
Authors: DW Cescon
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer is a heterogenous disease, characterized by a dearth of recurrent actionable genetic alterations. Epigenetic alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of triple negative breast cancer, as well as in the acquisition of drug resistance, which is a commonly observed phenomenon and persisting clinical challenge. An expanding array of tools for epigenomic characterization, together with novel selective inhibitors of epigenetic regulators are enabling new opportunities to identify and target these processes in triple negative breast cancer. Examples of recent and emerging therapeutic strategies using conventional therapies and epigenetic-targeted agents to exploit these vulnerabilities in triple negative breast cancer will be discussed. Citation Format: DW Cescon. Novel epigenomic targets in TNBC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES13-3.
Immunological biomarker discovery in cure regimens for chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Adam J. Gehring, Patricia Mendez, Kirsten Richter, Hildegund Ertl, Eric F. Donaldson, Poonam Mishra, Mala Maini, Andre Boonstra, Georg Lauer, An de Creus, Kathleen Whitaker, Sara Ferrando Martinez, Jessica Weber, Emily Gainor, Veronica Miller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2022)

There have been unprecedented advances in the identification of new treatment targets for chronic hepatitis B that are being developed with the goal of achieving functional cure in patients who would otherwise require lifelong nucleoside analogue treatment. Many of the new investigational therapies either directly target the immune system or are anticipated to impact immunity indirectly through modulation of the viral lifecycle and antigen production. While new viral biomarkers (HBV RNA, HBcAg, small, middle, large HBs isoforms) are proceeding through validation steps in clinical studies, immunological biomarkers are non-existent outside of clinical assays for antibodies to HBs, HBc and HBe. To develop clinically applicable immunological biomarkers to measure mechanisms of action, inform logical combination strategies, and guide clinical management for use and discontinuation of immune-targeting drugs, immune assays must be incorporated into phase I/II clinical trials. This paper will discuss the importance of sample collection, the assays available for immunological analyses, their advantages/disadvantages and suggestions for their implementation in clinical trials. Careful consideration must be given to ensure appropriate immunological studies are included as a primary component of the trial with deeper immunological analysis provided by ancillary studies. Standardising immunological assays and data obtained from clinical trials will identify biomarkers that can be deployed in the clinic, independently of specialised immunology laboratories.
Waning mRNA-1273 Vaccine Effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar
Authors: Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Hiam Chemaitelly, Roberto Bertollini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

vaccine was associated with neutralization titers against the omicron variant that were 20.0 times higher than those assessed after the second dose of vaccine, and these titers may substantially reduce the risk of breakthrough infection.The decline in neutralization of the omicron variant 6 months after the booster injection was similar to the decline in neutralization titers against the D614G variant 7 months after the second dose.The limitations of our study include small sample sets that may not reflect neutralization in diverse populations, differences in the length of time before boosting among the groups, and a lack of post-boost efficacy data.These limitations may be addressed in further studies.
PATIENT ENGAGEMENT ON AN INTEGRATED DIGITAL HEALTH PLATFORM POST HOSPITALIZATION FOR HEART FAILURE: AN INTERIM ANALYSIS
Authors: Kaavya Paruchuri, Rachel Bernardo, Sara Haidermota, Kim Lannery, Phoebe Finneran, Megan Wong, Tinamarie Sanborn, Janet Boyle-Kelly, Karthik Linganathan, Tope Olufade, James L. Januzzi, Pradeep Natarajan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Prevention of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Beatrice J. Sun, Joseph D. Forrester
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Amanda L. Porter, MD; Christian C. Prusinski, DO; Evelyn Lazar, MD; Clara Yuh, DO; Robert C. Bucelli, MD, PhD; Brian S. Appleby, MD; Gregory S. Day, MD, MSc, MSCI
Estimating Overdiagnosis of Melanoma Using Trends Among Black and White Patients in the US
Authors: Adewole S. Adamson, Elizabeth A. Suarez, H. Gilbert Welch
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

The incidence of cutaneous melanoma has been rising rapidly among White patients in the US; however, a commensurate increase in mortality due to melanoma has not been observed. These trends suggest overdiagnosis is occurring.To quantify melanoma overdiagnosis among White patients compared with Black patients in the US.This cohort study used joinpoint regression of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data from 1975 to 2014 to determine melanoma incidence and mortality trends among Black and White patients in the US. Using trends in mortality due to melanoma in Black patients as a marker for improvements in medical care, the expected mortality trends in White patients if medical care had not improved were estimated. This served as a marker for the change in true cancer occurrence. Overdiagnosis was calculated as the difference between observed incidence and estimated true cancer occurrence. Analyses were stratified by sex. Data were analyzed from September to December 2017.Proportion of melanoma cases overdiagnosed among White patients in 2014.From 1975 to 2014, melanoma incidence increased approximately 4-fold in White women (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 4.01 [95% CI, 3.65-4.41]) and 6-fold in White men (IRR, 5.97 [95% CI, 5.47-6.52]), whereas it increased less than 25% in Black women (IRR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.97-1.49]) and men (IRR, 1.17; [95% CI, 0.77-1.78]). Mortality due to melanoma decreased approximately 25% in Black women (morality rate ratio [MRR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63-0.90]) and men (MRR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.62-0.84]), was stable in White women (MRR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.96-1.09]), and increased almost 50% in White men (MRR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.25-1.77]). Had medical care not improved, estimated mortality would have increased 60% in White women and more than doubled in White men. Based on these trends, an estimated 59% (95% CI, 45%-70%) of White women and 60% (95% CI, 32%-75%) of White men with melanoma were overdiagnosed in 2014.The discrepancies in incidence and mortality trends found in this cohort study suggest considerable overdiagnosis of melanoma occurring among White patients in the US.
Do We Have Enough Evidence to Propose a Preferred Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Sequence for Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer?
Authors: Robert Siegel
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

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Abstract P1-01-13: A prospective self-controlled study of indocyanine green instead of radioisotope for axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Yuting Jin, Long Yuan, Jun Jiang, Xiaowei Qi
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Objective: This self-controlled study aimed to investigate the feasibility of substituting indocyanine green (ICG) for radioisotope (RI) for combined imaging of axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer. Study Design: Primary breast cancer, clinically axillary node-negative patients (n = 182) were prospectively enrolled from March 2015 to November 2020. ICG, methylene blue (MB), and RI were used to perform axillary SLNB. The main observation indices was the positivity of ICG + MB vs. RI + MB in axillary SLNB; the secondary observation indices were the axillary SLN detection rate, mean number of axillary SLN detected, mean number of metastatic axillary SLN detected and safety.Result: All 182 patients had axillary SLNs; a total of 925 axillary SLNs were detected. Pathological examination confirmed metastatic axillary SLN in 42 patients (total of 79 metastatic SLNs). Positivity, detection rate of SLNs, detection rate of metastatic SLNs, and the number of metastatic SLNs detected were comparable with RI+MB and ICG+MB (P&amp;gt;0.05). The mean number of axillary SLN detected was significantly higher with ICG+MB than with RI+MB (4.99±2.42 vs. 4.02±2.33, P&amp;lt;0.001). No tracer-related adverse events occurred.Conclusion: ICG appears to be a safe and effective axillary SLN tracer, and a feasible alternative to RI in combined imaging for axillary SLN of breast cancer. Citation Format: Yuting Jin, Long Yuan, Jun Jiang, Xiaowei Qi. A prospective self-controlled study of indocyanine green instead of radioisotope for axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-13.
DOUBLE TROUBLE: POST-INFARCTION VENTRICULAR SEPTAL RUPTURE IN A PATIENT WITH SYMPTOMATIC ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM
Authors: Angeline Uy Lim, Gwen Marcellana, Rejine Divinagracia, Terence Cuezon, Fabio Enrique Posas, Ferdinand Viloria Alzate, Marvin Martinez, Ramiro Thadeus Pablo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)