tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abdominal tuberculosis.
Authors: V K Kapoor, T K Chattopadhyaya, L K Sharma
Journal: Gut (1986)

Abdominal tuberculosis SIR,-We have read with interest the experience of Palmer et al with abdominal tuberculosis in Britain (Gut 1985; 26: 1275-8).Based on our experience of managing more than 80 cases of abdominal tubercu- losis over the last eight years we would like to differ with them on certain points.In 19 of 42 cases of intestinal tuberculosis re- ported by the authors, diagnosis was based on radiological findings alone and antituberculous treatment was started.Radiographic appearances of abdominal tuberculosis are, however, non-specific and false-positive findings are seen.1 Also, radiology may not differentiate tuberculosis from Crohn's disease and carcinoma.2Illeocaecal and colonic
Personal View
Authors: P. Welsby
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The author, a consultant physician at City Hospital, Edinburgh, proposes a series of public health measures to control the transmission of the AIDS-associated HTLV-III virus among intravenous drug abusers. He supports screening of blood without consent, tracing and screening the sexual contacts of HTLV-III positive individuals, counseling of the patients and their contacts, arranging access to unshared needles and syringes for persistent drug abusers, and notification of the general practitioners of hospital patients found to be HTLV-III positive. Welsby contends that his proposals do not violate the Department of Health and Social Security's code on confidentiality of health data and that several of his suggested actions are already in use against other, less menacing, sexually-transmitted diseases.
Artificial Insemination
Authors: E. Chesser
Journal: BMJ (1947)

thermostatic control is fitted.Presumably a baby suffering from artificial heat-stroke would have the symptoms of dehydration fever, and the cause of death would be " prematurity."Too great a weight of blankets on the infant's cot may possibly be a cause of fatigue of the respiratory muscles-and death.The zealous, harassed, but inexperienced mother should be warned of this risk.Is the danger fully realized ?Though, as already stated, I have not yet seen in print any expression of approval of my suggestion to have this matter thoroughly and conscientiously investigated, obstetric specialists in centres in this country and as far afield as Australia have expressed their complete agreement with my remarks.The
Protection against SARS-CoV-2 after Covid-19 Vaccination and Previous Infection
Authors: Victoria Hall, Sarah Foulkes, Ferdinando Insalata, Peter Kirwan, Ayoub Saei, Ana Atti, Edgar Wellington, Jameel Khawam, Katie Munro, Michelle Cole, Caio Tranquillini, Andrew Taylor-Kerr, Nipunadi Hettiarachchi, Davina Calbraith, Noshin Sajedi, Iain Milligan, Yrene Themistocleous, Diane Corrigan, Lisa Cromey, Lesley Price, Sally Stewart, Elen de Lacy, Chris Norman, Ezra Linley, Ashley D. Otter, Amanda Semper, Jacqueline Hewson, Silvia D’Arcangelo, Meera Chand, Colin S. Brown, Tim Brooks, Jasmin Islam, Andre Charlett, Susan Hopkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

The duration and effectiveness of immunity from infection with and vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are relevant to pandemic policy interventions, including the timing of vaccine boosters.
Safety and efficacy of a humanized <scp>CD19</scp> chimeric antigen receptor T cells for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ming Shi, Li Li, Shiyuan Wang, Hai Cheng, Wei Chen, Wei Sang, Kunming Qi, Zhenyu Li, Gang Wang, Huizhong Li, Jianping Lan, Jinqi Huang, Xiaoming Fei, Min Yu, Fei Li, Jianlin Qiao, Qingyun Wu, Lingyu Zeng, Guangjun Jing, Junnian Zheng, Robert Peter Gale, Kailin Xu, Jiang Cao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells using murine single-chain variable fragment (scFv) has shown substantial clinical efficacy in treating relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL). However, potential immunogenicity of the murine scFv domain may limit the persistence of CAR-T cells. In this study, we treated 52 consecutive subjects with R/R ALL with humanized CD19-specific CAR-T cells (hCART19s). Forty-six subjects achieved complete remission (CR) (N = 43) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) (N = 3) within 1 month post infusion. During the follow-up with a median time of 20 months, the 1-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13-46), and 1-year event-free survival was 45% (95% CI 29-60). To the cutoff date, 20 patients presented CD19+ relapse and 2 had CD19- relapse. Among the 22 relapsed patients, 14 had treatment-mediated and treatment-boosted antidrug antibodies (ADA) as detected in a sensitive and specific cell-based assay. ADA positivity was correlated with the disease relapse risk. ADA-positive patients had a significantly lower CAR copy number than ADA-negative patients at the time of recurrence (p < .001). In conclusion, hCART19s therapy is safe and highly active in R/R ALL patients, and the hCART19s treatment could induce the emergence of ADA, which is related to the recurrence of the primary disease.
Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kathleen R. Cho, Ie-Ming Shih
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2008)

Ovarian carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms and are traditionally subclassified based on type and degree of differentiation. Although current clinical management of ovarian carcinoma largely fails to take this heterogeneity into account, it is becoming evident that each major histological type has characteristic genetic defects that deregulate specific signaling pathways in the tumor cells. Moreover, within the most common histological types, the molecular pathogenesis of low-grade versus high-grade tumors appears to be largely distinct. Mouse models of ovarian carcinoma have been developed that recapitulate many of the morphological features, biological behavior, and gene-expression patterns of selected subtypes of ovarian cancer. Such models will likely prove useful for studying ovarian cancer biology and for preclinical testing of molecularly targeted therapeutics, which may ultimately lead to better clinical outcomes for women with ovarian cancer.
Mapping Systematic Reviews of Breast Cancer Survivorship Interventions: A Network Analysis
Authors: Emma B. Kemp, Olaf P. Geerse, Reegan Knowles, Richard Woodman, Leila Mohammadi, Larissa Nekhlyudov, Bogda Koczwara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

PURPOSE Despite a large volume of research, breast cancer survivors continue to experience high levels of unmet need. To better understand the breadth of evidence, we mapped systematic review-level evidence across cancer survivorship domains and outcomes and conducted network analyses of breast cancer survivorship care interventions. METHODS Umbrella review methodology was used to identify published systematic reviews reporting on survivorship care interventions for breast cancer survivors. Included reviews were mapped against domains and health care outcomes as specified by the Cancer Survivorship Quality Framework, and network analyses were conducted to determine the extent of clustering of reviews, and connectivity across domains and outcomes. RESULTS Of 323 included reviews, most focused on management of physical (71.5%) or psychologic (65.3%) effects, health-related quality of life (55.1%), and physical activity (45.2%). Few focused on financial/employment effects, chronic conditions, health care delivery domains, or health service use or cost outcomes. Network analysis indicated 38.6% of reviews were connected to a single domain, 35.0% to two domains, and 16.5% to three domains, indicating a relatively siloed nature of research, with greater community clustering between health care delivery domains but limited connection between these and the other domains. Reviews published between 2011 and 2021 were more likely to examine financial toxicity and chronic conditions, but these domains remained under-represented compared with physical and psychologic effects. CONCLUSION Despite vast volume of breast cancer survivorship intervention research, systematic review-level research is unevenly distributed, siloed, and with significant gaps in key domains and outcomes. Assessment of evidence gaps in primary research and strategic planning of future research, in consultation with survivors, is needed.
The Medical Diseases of Children.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The African Connection
Authors: Thomas H. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The contributions of black Americans to early American culture have still not been fully explored or given the attention deserved. A case in point is the significant contributions African slaves made to 18th-century American folk medicine. A review of the events incident to the smallpox epidemic in Boston in 1721 will illustrate the degree to which some reputable men of science depended on the testimony and experience of Africans in dealing with a particularly dread disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:2247-2249)
Metastatic Spiradenocarcinoma Managed With PD-1 Inhibition
Authors: Jeffrey J. Wargo, David R. Carr, Jose A. Plaza, Claire F. Verschraegen
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Spiradenomas are rare skin adnexal tumors, usually benign, appearing in early adulthood. The etiology of this tumor is still debated. The tumor suppressor gene CYLD , responsible for the Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, causes spiradenomas, trichoepitheliomas, and cylindromas. With time, spiradenomas can degenerate into aggressive spiradenocarcinomas. With only 117 malignant cases reported, treatment recommendations are based on case reports and expert opinion. There is no standard of care beyond surgical resection for localized disease and no guidelines for management of metastatic disease. With the advent of immunotherapy and PD-1 inhibition, we present the first reported case of a metastatic spiradenocarcinoma managed with pembrolizumab.
Expression of Nectin-4 and PD-L1 in bladder cancer with variant histology.
Authors: Katherine Case, Dylan J. Martini, Melad Dababneh, Bassel Nazha, Jacqueline T Brown, Shreyas S. Joshi, Vikram M. Narayan, Kenneth Ogan, Viraj A. Master, Bradley Curtis Carthon, Omer Kucuk, Lara Harik, Mehmet Asim Bilen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

529 Background: Nectin-4, a cell adhesion molecule found in a frequently amplified region of the bladder cancer (BC) genome, has been recently used as target for the systemic treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BC. BC with variant histology (BCVH) is associated with poor clinical outcomes, and there is an unmet need for novel treatments in this population. Little is known about Nectin-4 expression and other targets. We investigated Nectin-4 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in BCVH. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 117 patients with BCVH whose samples were collected at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University from 2011-2021. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for Nectin-4 and PD-L1 expression on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. Nectin-4 staining was performed by Q2 Solutions using non-commercially available anti-Nectin-4 antibody (clone M22-312B41.1). Expression was measured using the H-score method (H-score = [% of strong positive tumor cells × 3] + [% of moderate positive tumor cells × 2] + [% of weak positive tumor cells × 1]). PD-L1 levels were assessed in tumor-infiltrating immune cells using DAKO 22C3 IHC to determine PD-L1 high, defined by a Combined Positive Score (CPS) of ≥10. Results: Median age was 70 years (mean=67.2, range 22-91), with 61.5% male, 54.7% white, and 32.5% black. Nearly all samples were taken from the bladder (95.7%), with 4.3% from sites of metastasis. The most common histologic variant was squamous cell carcinoma (26.5%), and the distribution of variants is summarized in table. Nectin-4 staining was successfully performed on 111 samples, and PD-L1 staining on 116. Nectin-4 expression was seen across different histological subtypes (mean H-score: 153.1, median [range]: 157 [0-300]), with highest expression in plasmacytoid and squamous, and lowest expression in small cell and sarcomatoid (Table). More than one-third (35.3%) were PD-L1 high, and greater in sarcomatoid and squamous cell histology (70.8% and 50% positivity, respectively). Only 5% of plasmacytoid samples were PD-L1 high. Conclusions: Although there is heterogeneity, our results showed expression of Nectin-4 and PD-L1 in this cohort of patients with BCVH. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of antibody-drug conjugates against Nectin-4- and anti PD1/PD-L1-based therapy in this population. Additional analysis including clinical outcomes and genomic analyses are ongoing, and a prospective clinical trial is planned.[Table: see text]
BERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>Pediatric Congress</h3> At the recent congress of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinderheilkunde, the principal topic on the program was "Internal Secretions." Professor Birk of Tübingen discussed the thymus gland. He asserted that in the anatomic structure of the gland there is no evidence of an endosecretory function. The results of experimental research are contradictory. Many investigators regard the gland as essential to life; others, however, including Birk, declare that loss of the thymus is unimportant; and the changes in the bones that have been observed are due to operative trauma, infection, and other causes. The tetanic manifestations Birk ascribes to a disturbance of endocrine balance, though he admits that there may be a remote effect of loss of the thymus on the parathyroid glands. Retardation of growth alone seems to have any direct connection with loss of the thymus. A secretion of the thymus gland also has a hypotonic effect
Diagnose und Differentialdiagnose der Frauenkrankheiten.
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum
Journal: BMJ (1899)

As I have recently lost a son from a second attack of tuberculous meningitis a brief record of the case may be of interest to your readers, and I should also like to elicit their opinion upon the treatment of this most fatal disease.H. M. J., aged I8 on January, I898 with good family history, commenced to lose flesh at the beginning of that year, and aIso became somewhat irritable in his temper.No great importance was attached to these symptoms, as they were attributed to two severe attacks of influenza which he had suffered in the previous year, and also to his growing too fast and to the hot weather.No sym- ptoms of tuberculosis showed themselves either in the lungs, bowels, or any other part of the body until the last week in August, when he was seized with the first attack of the disease, which so closely resembled
Address in Surgery
Authors: T. S. Wells
Journal: BMJ (1877)

received from the Pre- sident of the Council of this great Association the unanimous request of the Committee of Council that I would deliver this Address, and was further assured that I was thus invited at the suggestion of a deputation from Manchester, I felt that any hesitation on my part might appear ungrateful, or as if I did not appreciate a great honour.So, without wasting your time by apologies, and simply thanking you for the exceeding kindness of your greeting to-day, I will ask you to consider with me how, as an Association, how in each of our branches, how, individually as well as collectively, every one of us may assist in the advancement of the SURGERY OF THE FUTURE;-how the art and science of the present, which we have received from our forefathers and our teachers and as far as we could have improved, may be so handed down that our followers, taught by our success, warned by our failures, knowing where our knowledge is defective, our methods faulty, may so work and so observe that in each succeeding year surgery may become more perfect as an art, more exact as a science, and more honourable as a profession.It is almost impossible to estimate the state of surgery of the present day, still more so to look forward to what surgery may become, with- out some review of its condition long ago and of the progress made during the existence of this Association.It is one of the remarkable coincidences of English history that the reigns, nearly equal in duration, of the two Queens, Elizabeth and Victoria, have been the two ages most distinguished by the rapidity and extent of national development.Elizabeth mounted the throne after the death of her sister Mary-a death accelerated by disappointment at the termination of supposed pregnancy in dropsy, which was no doubt ovarian, and treated according to ignorant routine by successive bleed- ings.Treated with the knowledge now at command, the destinies of England might have been strangely altered.Elizabeth reigned forty- five years, and in her time, surgery, though already chartered as a pro- fession, was neither an art nor a science.For the most part it was carried on as a trade, after the fashion of the country farriers of our day.Indeed, it was unanimously agreed by the Queen's Commis- sioners that it was unlawful for surgeons to administer internal remedies even in cases of wounds." Bokes of Chirurgerie" were collections of sayings and nostrums.Life was rude, living was unwholesome, and death came early.The people perished by scurvy and sweating sick- ness; they were killed or scarred by small-pox; their blood was poor, and the barbers bled them.Fighting-men began to suffer from gunshot wounds, and their blood, gushing from arteries cut in hacking
HPV testing of self-samples: Influence of collection and sample handling procedures on clinical accuracy to detect cervical precancer
Authors: Marc Arbyn, Ardashel Latsuzbaia, Philip E. Castle, Vikrant V. Sahasrabuddhe, Davy Vanden Broeck
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2022)

We applaud Inturrisi et al. for their report describing the first findings of the pioneering HPV-based Dutch cervical cancer screening programme. 1Since 2018, women living in the Netherlands who are due to screening receive an invitation to contact their general physician for the collection of a liquid cervical specimen.Non-responders receive a second invitation to request a vaginal self-sampling device and those who confirm this option, receive an Evalyn-Brush (Rovers Medical Devices, Oss, the Netherlands) at their home address (opt-in procedure).Used vaginal brushes are sent to one of the five HPV screening laboratories where they are transferred into 20 mL of PreservCyt liquid (Hologic Inc, Bedford, MA, USA).Eight percent of women not responding to the primary invitation requested and performed self-sampling.The proportion of women with a hrHPV positive result was 7.4% and 9¢3%, in the cohorts with a self-sample (SS cohort) and a cliniciancollected specimen (CS cohort), respectively (ratio of 0¢79).The Dutch study revealed obvious differences between self-and clinician-samples with respect to the used Cobas-4800 PCR test (Roche, Pleasanton, CA, USA) signal strength expressed in Ct values, which reflect differences in viral load (known to be lower in the vaginal environment than in scraped cervical cells) yielding lower analytical sensitivity.Using the default cut-off predefined by the manufacturer for both type of specimens, the estimated relative clinical sensitivity and relative specificity, accounting for confounding factors, for CIN3+ were 0.94 and 1¢02, respectively.
Abortion.
Authors: M Churchill
Journal: BMJ (1979)

I would like to take issue with Dr Colin Brewer's statements concerning intrauterine contraceptive devices and abortion (11 August, p 389). I agree that logically there is no distinction between IUCDs, and other abortifacients used early in pregnancy, and abortion methods used later in pregnancy. However, I disagree with his statement that to make illegal IUCDs and similar methods out of an "obsessive concern for microscopic forms of life" would be "absurd." Firstly, size has never been a criterion for the presence or absence of life, or of its importance. Surely Dr Brewer, MPs, and the public would be outraged by anything less than obsessively careful handling of, say, rabies or smallpox viruses in laboratories. Do not the products of conception, with the full potential of a human being unless actively interfered with by other men (neglecting normal fetal wastage), deserve any less concern? Secondly, mortality should not be determined by practicalities; rather morality should determine one's actions. The question of whether IUCDs and other such procedures should remain legal or be made illegal should not be determined by their efficacy, popularity, or economy. I agree fully with Dr Brewer--abortion is a moral issue and it is a pity that the BMF has not raised the moral issues at stake. Particularly so, as Lord Denning put it "...without morality there can be no law." I personally subscribe to the Hippocratic Oath.