tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Number of Childhood and Adolescent Vaccinations Administered Before and After the COVID-19 Outbreak in Colorado
Authors: Sean T. O’Leary, Lynnsay Trefren, Heather Roth, Angela Moss, Rachel Severson, Allison Kempe
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

a single course of antibiotics and even beneficial effects to early antibiotics for infants born to mothers with possible dysbiosis. 3,4Postmenstrual age is the only significant driver identified so far for development of the preterm infant microbiome, independent of confounders such as delivery mode, breastfeeding, and antibiotics. 5Initial colonization of the preterm infant cannot be assumed to be optimal.Infection may be a specific trigger of preterm birth, and alterations in the maternal microbiome have been associated with preterm delivery. 6 Although this study is limited by sample size, initial empirical
In-Laboratory High-Dose Clopidogrel Loading: Do We Need a Mirror of Diamond for “Armida's Garden”?**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Goran Stankovic, Milorad Zivkovic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
80P Oncolytic adenovirus type 3 coding for CD40L facilitates dendritic cell therapy of prostate cancer in humanized mice and patient samples
Authors: S. Basnet, S. Zafar, I-M. Launonen, D.C.A. Quixabeira, J. Santos, O. Hemminki, M. Malmstedt, V. Cervera-Carrascon, P. Aronen, R. Kalliokoski, R. Havunen, A. Rannikko, T. Mirtti, M. Matikainen, A. Kanerva, A. Hemminki
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
EXTH-68. STUDY THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF FOCUSED ULTRASOUND AND RADIATION THERAPY FOR BRAIN TUMOR TREATMENT
Authors: Chiungyin Huang, Kuochen Wei
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract The standard treatment of malignant brain tumor is surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy. However, in spite of these aggressive treatments, tumor may still recur and resulting in poor survival. In solid tumors, the hypoxia condition presented in most of tumor area may contribute to treatment failure in both adjuvant therapies. It had been proven that systemic delivered oxygen may not sufficient for ionizing radiation to produce cytotoxic effect. A recent study reported using focused ultrasound combined with oxygen-contained microbubbles prior to radiation significantly increased the oxygen content in breast cancers and statistically improved animal survival. Therefore, providing sufficient oxygen in tumor area may be beneficial for radiation therapy. To study the potential role of such strategy for brain tumor treatment, we used focused ultrasound to treat brain tumor bearing animals before radiation therapy. As compared with non-ultrasound treatment groups, the tumor growth rate was significantly inhibited, and the animal survival is prolonged. We also analysis the gene expression changes, reveal some potential pathway that may involve in the process. Furthermore, we found focused ultrasound combined with non-oxygen-containing microbubbles also represented similar results, demonstrate the focused ultrasound induced cerebral vascular permeability increment may also contribute to the radiation therapy effect for brain tumor treatment.
Abstract P485: Association of Hypertension With the Gut Microbiome and Serum Short-chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Moira K Differding, Lawrence J Appel, Nisa Maruthur, Stephen Juraschek, Edgar R Miller, Hsin-Chieh Yeh, Noel T Mueller
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Murine models indicate that gut microbiota, and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) they produce from fermentation of fiber, play a role in blood pressure (BP) regulation. However, few human studies have examined how gut microbiota and serum SCFAs are associated with hypertension. Objective: We examined associations of gut microbiota composition and serum SCFAs with hypertension and BP, hypothesizing an inverse association with serum SCFAs. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a trial of overweight and obese adult cancer survivors. We measured 1 ) the gut microbiome by extracting microbial DNA from stool and sequencing the 16S rRNA V4 region and 2 ) serum SCFA using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 130, diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg, self-report, or use of hypertension medications. We used beta-binomial models to test differential abundance of microbial amplicon sequence variants by hypertension , and linear regression to examine log-transformed SCFAs with BP. We adjusted models for age, sex, race, fiber, BMI and medications (in BP models). Results: Of 111 participants with complete data, 73 had hypertension. Hypertensive participants differed by age (mean 62 vs. 56y) and sex (73% vs. 90% female), but not race (46% black) or BMI (mean 35 kg/m 2 ). Alpha and beta diversity were not associated with hypertension (Ps&gt;0.05). Hypertensive participants had higher abundance of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Escherichia , and lower Lachnospiraceae, Haemophilus and Faecalibacterium ( Figure) . Serum acetate was negatively associated with systolic BP (β=-3.3 mmHg difference per 1 SD increment acetate, 95% CI: -6.1, -0.6); other SCFAs were not associated (Ps&gt;0.05). Conclusion: A Bacteroides dominated microbiota was positively associated with hypertension. Acetate, the most abundant circulating SCFA, was negatively associated with BP. Determining whether the associations are causal or not warrants further investigation.
QOL-56. THE RELAPSED AND OR PROGRESSED BRAIN TUMOURS IN CHILDREN: RHC, GLASGOW EXPERIENCE
Authors: Jairam Sastry, Paul Van Siang Liang Mang, Dermot Murpy, Milind Ronghe, Diana McIntosh
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract INTRODUCTION The outcome for children with relapsed or progressed brain tumours is poor. The aim of this project was to identify total number of children who have relapsed or progressed with Brain tumour and to determine the types of tumours, treatment offered and assess outcome. METHODS This is a retrospective study of all patients treated for relapsed or progressed brain tumours between 2007 and 2017 at the Royal Hospital for children. Patients were identified using the unit database. Clinical data included demographics, histologic diagnosis, treatment characteristics and outcome which was obtained from electronic records. RESULTS 46 children were included (22M:24F). The median age of diagnosis was 5 years. There were 16 histological subtypes of brain tumours: pilocytic astrocytoma (n=12, 26%), optic pathway glioma (n=4,7%), medulloblastoma (n=8, 17%), ependymoma (n=4, 9%), high grade glioma (n=3, 7%, DIPG (n=2, 4%) and others 13(32.2%). 28(61%) had relapsed at a median time of 18 months. Tumour progression occurred in 18(31%) at a median time of 21.5 months. Post-relapse or progression therapy included surgery (14, 30%), chemotherapy (17, 40%) and radiotherapy (5, 10.9%). 50% of the patients remain alive with 17(37%) being stable and 6(13%) with progression of disease. 50% had died of disease progression. CONCLUSIONS The relapse and or progression was seen 61% of patients. The commonest tumours in this cohort were pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma. Chemotherapy was the most used regimen followed by surgery and radiotherapy. Primary dissemination at the time of diagnosis was associated with poor prognosis.
Effect of hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure on infection with SARS-CoV-2 in rheumatic disease patients: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Sun-Young Jung, Myo-Song Kim, Min-Chul Kim, Seong-Ho Choi, Jin-Won Chung, Sang Tae Choi
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2020)

ObjectivesEarly in vitro studies have suggested that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a potentially useful drug against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. This study was conducted to determine whether HCQ had a preventive effect on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in rheumatic disease patients who were taking HCQ.MethodsWe conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using the records of the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) claim records. The clinical data of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 were investigated. We compared the attack rate of COVID-19 between those who underwent HCQ therapy within 14 days before the test for SARS-CoV-2 (HCQ users) and HCQ non-users. Data were analysed using logistic regression models, χ2, and Student's t-tests.ResultsAs of 15th May 2020, 2066 patients with RA or SLE were tested for COVID-19. Among them, 31.4% (649/2066) were treated with HCQ. Most HCQ users (93.7%, 608/649) were taking 200–400 mg/day recommended for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. The attack rate of COVID-19 in the HCQ users (2.3%, 15/649) did not differ from that in the HCQ non-users (2.2%, 31/1417) (p 0.86).ConclusionsHCQ prophylactic use at a usual dose did not prevent COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic disease.
QOL-18. A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF NEUROCOGNITION IN CHILDREN TREATED FOR A BRAIN TUMOR
Authors: Jurgen Lemiere, Linde Van den Wyngaert, Josefien Vandereydt, Karen Vandenabeele, Trui Vercruysse, Charlotte Sleurs, Sandra Jacobs
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract It is well known that neurocognition in children treated for a brain tumor can be affected. However, studies on the trajectory of these neurocognitive problems are scarce. In the present study we investigated the evolution of neurocognition between timepoints of diagnosis, 2, 4 and 6 years later. A total of 53 children diagnosed with a brain tumor were recruited in this study, of which all completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery at three successive timepoints and 30 at 4 timepoints. The first assessment was conducted as soon as possible after diagnosis and before initiation of chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Mean age at diagnosis was 8.06 years. The most common diagnoses were pilocytic astrocytoma (n=28) and medulloblastoma (n=10). 24.5% and 18.9% of these patient groups received focal or craniospinal irradiation, respectively. A repeated measures analysis with cranial irradiation (no, focal, craniospinal) as between-subjects factor demonstrated a significant interaction effect between time and type of irradiation for overall intelligence (p=0.02) for children with three assessments. The same interaction effect was found for overall intelligence and processing speed for children with four assessments (p=.005 and p=.002, respectively). The group who received craniospinal irradiation demonstrated the most pronounced decline. Interestingly, no main time effect or interaction effect was found for general memory functioning. Our results demonstrate that not all neurocognitive functions in children treated for a brain tumor decline after treatment. Overall IQ and processing speed are the most vulnerable outcomes in our cohort, especially for the children treated with craniospinal irradiation.
Extracellular Volume in Primary Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Danai Kitkungvan, Eric Y. Yang, Kinan C. El Tallawi, Sherif F. Nagueh, Faisal Nabi, Mohammad A. Khan, Duc T. Nguyen, Edward A. Graviss, Gerald M. Lawrie, William A. Zoghbi, Robert O. Bonow, Miguel A. Quinones, Dipan J. Shah
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2020)
Vibrio cholerae O1 transmission in Bangladesh: insights from a nationally representative serosurvey
Authors: Andrew S Azman, Stephen A Lauer, Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Francisco J Luquero, Daniel T Leung, Sonia T Hegde, Jason B Harris, Kishor Kumar Paul, Fatema Khaton, Jannatul Ferdous, Justin Lessler, Henrik Salje, Firdausi Qadri, Emily S Gurley
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2020)

BackgroundPandemic Vibrio cholerae from cholera-endemic countries around the Bay of Bengal regularly seed epidemics globally. Without reducing cholera in these countries, including Bangladesh, global cholera control might never be achieved. Little is known about the geographical distribution and magnitude of V cholerae O1 transmission nationally. We aimed to describe infection risk across Bangladesh, making use of advances in cholera seroepidemiology, therefore overcoming many of the limitations of current clinic-based surveillance.MethodsWe tested serum samples from a nationally representative serosurvey in Bangladesh with eight V cholerae-specific assays. Using these data with a machine-learning model previously validated within a cohort of confirmed cholera cases and their household contacts, we estimated the proportion of the population with evidence of infection by V cholerae O1 in the previous year (annual seroincidence) and used Bayesian geostatistical models to create high-resolution national maps of infection risk.FindingsBetween Oct 16, 2015, and Jan 24, 2016, we obtained and tested serum samples from 2930 participants (707 households) in 70 communities across Bangladesh. We estimated national annual seroincidence of V cholerae O1 infection of 17·3% (95% CI 10·5–24·1). Our high-resolution maps showed large heterogeneity of infection risk, with community-level annual infection risk within the sampled population ranging from 4·3% to 62·9%. Across Bangladesh, we estimated that 28·1 (95% CI 17·1–39·2) million infections occurred in the year before the survey. Despite having an annual seroincidence of V cholerae O1 infection lower than much of Bangladesh, Dhaka (the capital of Bangladesh and largest city in the country) had 2·0 (95% CI 0·6–3·9) million infections during the same year, primarily because of its large population.InterpretationSerosurveillance provides an avenue for identifying areas with high V cholerae O1 transmission and investigating key risk factors for infection across geographical scales. Serosurveillance could serve as an important method for countries to plan and monitor progress towards 2030 cholera elimination goals.FundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
A Big Promise From the Very Small: Identification of Circulating Embryonic Stem-Like Pluripotent Cells in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Douglas W. Losordo, Raj Kishore
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The Metastatic Cancer of Electrophysiology⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: J. David Burkhardt, Luigi Di Biase, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
INNV-19. ANAPLASTIC CEREBELLAR EPENDYMOMA IN AN ADULT FEMALE PRESENTING WITH TONSILLAR HERNIATION SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH CHEMOTHERAPY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Victor Guerrero, Mary Ondinee Manalo-Igot
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Ependymomas are slow-growing neuroectodermal tumors that may arise from various parts of the central nervous system. Anaplastic ependymoma represents 3–5% of ependymomas and is rarely found in the cerebellum in adults. In this paper, we discuss a case of an adult female with anaplastic cerebellar ependymoma who underwent surgery and chemotherapy for tonsillar herniation. CASE PRESENTATION This is a case of a 58-year-old Filipino female with a five-month history of dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting. Cranial computed tomography (CT) scan revealed presence of hydrocephalus with enhancing lesions at the right cerebellum. The patient underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) with sub-total excision and biopsy of the right cerebellum. Histology and immunochemistry were consistent with a high-grade anaplastic ependymoma (WHO Grade III). Cerebrospinal fluid and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were all negative for tumor. The initial plan was to undergo limited field external beam radiation therapy to the cerebellum, however the patient was lost to follow-up. Two months after surgery, she presented with similar symptoms and MRI revealed tonsillar herniation and recurrence of mass compressing the fourth ventricle, pons, and medulla oblongata, thus medical decompression and urgent chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide was started. After 4 sessions of chemotherapy, repeat cranial MRI revealed resolution of tonsillar herniation and interval regression of the mass. CONCLUSION This paper presented a rare case of anaplastic cerebellar ependymoma with tonsillar herniation who was successfully treated with chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is the standard of care following surgical resection, but the management of our case showed that chemotherapy is also effective in cases when the presentation is herniation.
Initial experience with per-rectal endoscopic myotomy for Hirschsprung’s disease: medium and long term outcomes of the first case series of a novel third-space endoscopy procedure
Authors: Amol Bapaye, Parag Dashatwar, Vishnu Biradar, Shital Biradar, Rajendra Pujari
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is congenital aganglionosis affecting the hindgut and presents with constipation. Surgical pull-through is the current standard treatment but causes morbidity. Per-rectal endoscopic myotomy is a novel third-space endoscopy technique for treating short-segment (SS)-HSCR.Retrospective study of SS-HSCR patients diagnosed on history, contrast enema, rectal biopsies, and anorectal manometry, and treated by PREM. The aganglionic segment was mapped before PREM was performed using third-space endoscopy principles. Stool frequency and laxative usage before and after PREM were compared.Nine patients (age 7.5 [± 5.2] years; 7 male) underwent PREM during a 4-year period. Mean aganglionic segment length was 6.3 cm, mean procedure time 96.1 minutes, and mean length of hospital stay 2.5 days. Median follow-up was 17 months (range 9-58 months). Stool frequency was 1/4.4 days before vs. 1/1.2 days after PREM (P = 0.0004). Mean laxative usage was 5.4 units of laxative (UL) before vs. 0.4 UL after PREM (P = 0.0002). No laxatives were used by 6/9 patients after PREM. The single adverse effect seen (anal stenosis) was treated with dilatation.PREM is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure to treat SS-HSCR and results in long-term response.
PATH-10. EFFECTS OF 19q-LOSS IN IDH-MUTATED ASTROCYTOMAS ON BETTER PROGNOSIS AND OLIGODENDROGLIOMA-LIKE MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Ryohei Otani, Takeo Uzuka, Fumi Higuchi, Hadzki Matsuda, Shota Tanaka, Akitake Mukasa, Phyo Kim, Keisuke Ueki
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract We previously reported that there was a subgroup of IDH-mutated astrocytomas harboring only 19q-loss showing oligodendroglioma-like morphology and significantly longer overall survival (OS) compared with 19q-intact astrocytomas. To further explore the biological characteristics of this possible subgroup and obtain insight into the mechanism of their clinical behavior, we compared gene expression pattern between five 19q-loss and five 19q-intact IDH-mutated astrocytomas by microarray analysis. Comparing expression level of each genes between 19q-loss and 19q-intact astrocytomas,136 up-regulated genes and 203 down-regulated genes were extracted. Gene expression patterns of 19q-loss astrocytomas were partially different from that of 19q-intact astrocytomas. More down-regulated genes distributed on 19q and 4p, and more up-regulated genes distributed on 4q. Multiple genes associated with stem cell maintenance were down-regulated in 19q-loss astrocytomas, and genes associated with glioma progression were differentially expressed. Comparing expression patterns among 19q-loss astrocytomas and other IDH-mutant glioma subgroups using TCGA datasets by t-SNE analysis revealed that expression pattern of 19q-loss astrocytomas did not shift to that of oligodendrogliomas with 1p/19q codeletion but were a subgroup in astrocytomas. These results indicated that 19q-loss in astrocytomas was an acquired event different from 1p/19q codeletion in oligodendrogliomas, and better prognosis morphological features in 19q-loss astrocytomas were derived from differentially expressed genes associated with stem cell maintenance and glioma progression.
PATH-40. INTRAGENIC DMD DELETIONS ARE THE MOST COMMON RECURRENT GENOMIC ALTERATIONS IN ESTHESIONEUROBLASTOMA
Authors: Tareq Juratli, Naema Nayyar, Michael Young, Megha Subramanian, Priscilla Brastianos, Derrick Lin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare, malignant neuroectodermal tumor of the olfactory epithelium. To date, a few recurrent genetic alterations have been identified in ENB. Here, we sought to examine the genomic signature on a series of clinically well-characterized aggressive ENB samples. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing in a cohort of 26 ENB samples from 12 patients, containing 11 matched primary-metastatic samples. Additionally, targeted sequencing was carried out in all samples to determine TERT promoter hotspot mutations. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) using an antibody that recognizes the dystrophin central rod domain in all available specimens. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 9 male and 3 female patients with a median age of 66 years at first diagnosis (4- 77 years). One patient was staged Kadish B at the time of diagnosis and eleven were staged Kadish C. The median overall survival was 3.85 years (0.3 – 16 years). Consistent with previous findings, each tumor exhibited a different mutational signature and the mutational landscape appears to be predominantly driven by copy number variations. Interestingly, we detected intragenic deletions in dystrophin (DMD) as the most common and consistent alteration in ENB patients (in 11 of 12 patients, 91.6%). DMD deletions, when identified within the primary ENB, were preserved in all subsequent metastatic lesions. Moreover, DMD deletions where concurrently identified in three cases with multiple metastases. IHC revealed the concurrent loss of dystrophin expression, the protein encoded by DMD, in all cases with DMD deletions. Otherwise, no other recurrent genomic findings were detected, including TERT promoter mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings validate previously described DMD deletions as the most common recurrent genomic alteration in primary ENB. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that DMD deletions were perpetuated in subsequent metastatic lesions, and when identified in any metastasis, were present in other metastases from the same patient.