tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The language of crisis: spatiotemporal effects of COVID-19 pandemic dynamics on health crisis communications by political leaders
Authors: Benjamin J. Mandl, Ben Y. Reis
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2022)

In times of crisis, communication by leaders is essential for mobilizing an effective public response. During the COVID-19 pandemic, compliance with public health guidelines has been critical for the prevention of infections and deaths. We assembled a corpus of over 1500 pandemic-related speeches, containing over 4 million words, delivered by all 50 US state governors during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed the semantic, grammatical and linguistic-complexity properties of these speeches, and examined their relationships to COVID-19 case rates over space and time. We found that as COVID-19 cases rose, governors used stricter language to issue guidance, employed greater negation to defend their actions and highlight prevailing uncertainty, and used more extreme descriptive adjectives. As cases surged to their highest levels, governors used shorter words with fewer syllables. Investigating and understanding such characteristic responses to stress is important for improving effective public communication during major health crises.
Gut microbiota regulate Alzheimer’s disease pathologies and cognitive disorders via PUFA-associated neuroinflammation
Authors: Chun Chen, Jianming Liao, Yiyuan Xia, Xia Liu, Rheinallt Jones, John Haran, Beth McCormick, Timothy Robert Sampson, Ashfaqul Alam, Keqiang Ye
Journal: Gut (2022)

Objective This study is to investigate the role of gut dysbiosis in triggering inflammation in the brain and its contribution to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Design We analysed the gut microbiota composition of 3×Tg mice in an age-dependent manner. We generated germ-free 3×Tg mice and recolonisation of germ-free 3×Tg mice with fecal samples from both patients with AD and age-matched healthy donors. Results Microbial 16S rRNA sequencing revealed Bacteroides enrichment. We found a prominent reduction of cerebral amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles pathology in germ-free 3×Tg mice as compared with specific-pathogen-free mice. And hippocampal RNAseq showed that inflammatory pathway and insulin/IGF-1 signalling in 3×Tg mice brain are aberrantly altered in the absence of gut microbiota. Poly-unsaturated fatty acid metabolites identified by metabolomic analysis, and their oxidative enzymes were selectively elevated, corresponding with microglia activation and inflammation. AD patients’ gut microbiome exacerbated AD pathologies in 3×Tg mice, associated with C/EBPβ/asparagine endopeptidase pathway activation and cognitive dysfunctions compared with healthy donors’ microbiota transplants. Conclusions These findings support that a complex gut microbiome is required for behavioural defects, microglia activation and AD pathologies, the gut microbiome contributes to pathologies in an AD mouse model and that dysbiosis of the human microbiome might be a risk factor for AD.
Phase I Trial of Systemic Administration of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Genetically Engineered to Express NIS and Human Interferon, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), and T-Cell Neoplasms (TCL)
Authors: Martha Q. Lacy, Kah-Whye Peng, Stephen J. Russell, Amylou C. Dueck, Mrinal M. Patnaik, Thomas E. Witzig, Brenda F Ginos, Francis K. Buadi, Angela Dispenzieri, Morie A. Gertz, Ronald S. Go, Suzanne R. Hayman, John A. Lust, David Dingli, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Nelson Leung, Rahma Warsame, Wilson I Gonsalves, Taxiarchis Kourelis, Eli Muchtar, Stephen Broski, Robert C Murphy, Prashant Kapoor, Robert A. Kyle, Steven Zeldenrust, Aref Al-Kali, Mark R. Litzow, Shruthi Naik, Mark J Federspiel, Shaji K. Kumar
Journal: Blood (2018)
Lancet, London
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Social Connection as a Public Health Issue: The Evidence and a Systemic Framework for Prioritizing the “Social” in Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Julianne Holt-Lunstad
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2022)

There is growing interest in and renewed support for prioritizing social factors in public health both in the USA and globally. While there are multiple widely recognized social determinants of health, indicators of social connectedness (e.g., social capital, social support, social isolation, loneliness) are often noticeably absent from the discourse. This article provides an organizing framework for conceptualizing social connection and summarizes the cumulative evidence supporting its relevance for health, including epidemiological associations, pathways, and biological mechanisms. This evidence points to several implications for prioritizing social connection within solutions across sectors, where public health work, initiatives, and research play a key role in addressing gaps. Therefore, this review proposes a systemic framework for cross-sector action to identify missed opportunities and guide future investigation, intervention, practice, and policy on promoting social connection and health for all.
In-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: John J. Gregory, Dorothea Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We read with interest the report by Taffet and collegues<sup>1</sup>concerning their experience with in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the Houston (Tex) Veterans Administration Medical Center. Review of the literature and our own experience lead us to believe, as the authors suggest, that their results are not representative of those in many acute-care hospitals. They reported a 6.7% survival for all patients (preponderantly male) and a 0% survival to hospital discharge in patients 70 years of age or older. A 2-year experience (January 1, 1986, to December 31, 1987) with in-hospital resuscitation in our 590-bed community hospital is more favorable, as shown in Table 2. Our overall survival rate was 15.5%: 24.5% for patients younger than age 70 years and 12.7% for patients aged 70 years and older. Of the groups represented in Table 2, survival rate was lowest for men aged 70 years and older, but
QuickStroop, a Shortened Version of EncephalApp, Detects Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy With Similar Accuracy Within One Minute
Authors: Chathur Acharya, Jawaid Shaw, Nikki Duong, Andrew Fagan, Sara McGeorge, James B. Wade, Leroy R. Thacker, Jasmohan S. Bajaj
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
FishmiRNA: An Evolutionarily Supported MicroRNA Annotation and Expression Database for Ray-Finned Fishes
Authors: Thomas Desvignes, Philippe Bardou, Jérôme Montfort, Jason Sydes, Cervin Guyomar, Simon George, John H Postlethwait, Julien Bobe
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression involved in countless biological processes and are widely studied across metazoans. Although miRNA research continues to grow, the large community of fish miRNA researchers lacks exhaustive resources consistent among species. To fill this gap, we developed FishmiRNA, an evolutionarily supported miRNA annotation and expression database for ray-finned fishes: www.fishmirna.org. The self-explanatory database contains detailed, manually curated miRNA annotations with orthology relationships rigorously established by sequence similarity and conserved syntenies, and expression data provided for each detected mature miRNA. In just few clicks, users can download the annotation and expression database in several convenient formats either in its entirety or a subset. Simple filters and Blast search options also permit the simultaneous exploration and visual comparison of expression data for up to any ten mature miRNAs across species and organs. FishmiRNA was specifically designed for ease of use to reach a wide audience.
Necrotizing Candida Esophagitis
Authors: Jeffrey M. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1980)

REPORTS of necrotizing<i>Candida</i>esophagitis have been limited to patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms, prolonged treatment with corticosteroids, or broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.<sup>1-4</sup>Patients have dysphagia or odynophagia, and these symptoms have been used to evaluate response to treatment of the infection. There is agreement that a barium esophagram done early in the course of<i>Candida</i>esophagitis shows nodular filling defects imprinting the edge of the barium column.<sup>5</sup>Esophagrams late in the course of the infection have been described as showing a very shaggy appearance of the esophageal lining.<sup>1-6</sup>The latter is thought to reflect deep ulcerations of the mucosa. Severe<i>Candida</i>esophagitis developed in the patient described here following a course of chemotherapy. After three weeks of antifungal therapy, odynophagia and dysphagia were gone and a barium esophagram was nearly normal in appearance; however, when the patient died suddenly a few days later, autopsy showed
Psychiatry
Authors: Daniel X. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Observations of the past decade on one of the anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), are instructive in terms of the unanticipated findings. These findings demonstrate how discoveries like those in the area of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pharmacology modify concepts of both drugs and illness. As a plethora of new therapeutic agents arrive, this experience may help to prepare the clinician for future conceptual and pragmatic shifts. New findings in OCD include how unexpectedly common this disorder is, its presentation to medical practitioners, its biologic characteristics, and its "tilt" to requiring 5-HT specificity for treatment. Modern epidemiology<sup>1</sup>suggests that this psychiatric disorder, which once was considered rare (one in 10000 persons), is actually common (approximately one in 40 persons-more common than asthma or diabetes). The previous underestimates are related to an older diagnostically nonspecific epidemiology, often inefficient therapy, and reluctance of patients to make themselves evident because of stigma. Patients
Hyperactivity: A Lead-Induced Behavior Disorder
Authors: E. K. Silbergeld, A. M. Goldberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Mice were exposed to lead from birth by substituting solutions of lead acetate for the drinking water of their mothers. The suckling mice were thus exposed to lead through their mother's milk and, at weaning, directly through the drinking water. Controls received equal concentrations of sodium acetate. No deaths of offspring or mothers occurred during the first 90 days of exposure. It has been suggested recently that lead exposure may account for some incidences of behavior disorders in children. Levels of motor activity of individual offspring were measured from weaning until 70 days of age in specially designed activity cages. Lead-treated mice were more than three times as active as age-matched or size-matched controls.Treated and control animals were administered drugs currently used in the treatment and diagnosis of hyperactivity in children. All control animals responded as expected to all drugs used in this study. However, lead-treated mice responded paradoxically to d- and l-amphetamine, methylphenidate, and phenobarbital. That is, the CNS stimulants suppressed their hyperactivity while phenobarbital exacerbated the lead-induced hyperactivity. These findings suggest that lead produces an animal model of hyperactivity which may have clinical relevance and which may explain some cases of hyperactivity in children.
Osteogenic lithium-doped brushite cements for bone regeneration
Authors: K. Hurle, F.R. Maia, V.P. Ribeiro, S. Pina, J.M. Oliveira, F. Goetz-Neunhoeffer, R.L. Reis
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

This study investigated the osteogenic performance of new brushite cements obtained from Li+-doped β-tricalcium phosphate as a promising strategy for bone regeneration. Lithium (Li+) is a promising trace element to encourage the migration and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) and the osteogenic differentiation-related gene expression, essential for osteogenesis. In-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in-situ1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) measurements proved the precipitation of brushite, as main phase, and monetite, indicating that Li+ favored the formation of monetite under certain conditions. Li+ was detected in the remaining pore solution in significant amounts after the completion of hydration. Isothermal calorimetry results showed an accelerating effect of Li+, especially for low concentration of the setting retarder (phytic acid). A decrease of initial and final setting times with increasing amount of Li+ was detected and setting times could be well adjusted by varying the setting retarder concentration. The cements presented compressive mechanical strength within the ranges reported for cancellous bone. In vitro assays using hASCs showed normal metabolic and proliferative levels. The immunodetection and gene expression profile of osteogenic-related markers highlight the incorporation of Li+ for increasing the in vivo bone density. The osteogenic potential of Li-doped brushite cements may be recommended for further research on bone defect repair strategies.
Current vaccine strategies against SARS_CoV-2 only poorly protect kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Didier DUCLOUX, Jamal BAMOULID, Melchior CHABANNES, Mathilde COLLADANT, Abdulaziz MUNSHI, Caroline ROUBIOU, Jean SEIBEL, Amine TACHIKART, Maria YANNARAKI, Thomas CREPIN, Cécile COURIVAUD
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Disrupting N-glycan expression on tumor cells boosts chimeric antigen receptor T cell efficacy against solid malignancies
Authors: Beatrice Greco, Valeria Malacarne, Federica De Girardi, Giulia Maria Scotti, Francesco Manfredi, Elia Angelino, Camilla Sirini, Barbara Camisa, Laura Falcone, Marta Angiola Moresco, Katia Paolella, Mattia Di Bono, Rossana Norata, Francesca Sanvito, Silvia Arcangeli, Claudio Doglioni, Fabio Ciceri, Chiara Bonini, Andrea Graziani, Attilio Bondanza, Monica Casucci
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–engineered T cells showed exceptional successes in patients with refractory B cell malignancies. However, first-in-human studies in solid tumors revealed unique hurdles contributing to poor demonstration of efficacy. Understanding the determinants of tumor recognition by CAR T cells should translate into the design of strategies that can overcome resistance. Here, we show that multiple carcinomas express extracellular N-glycans, whose abundance negatively correlates with CAR T cell killing. By knocking out mannoside acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase 5 ( MGAT5 ) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC), we showed that N-glycans protect tumors from CAR T cell killing by interfering with proper immunological synapse formation and reducing transcriptional activation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity. To overcome this barrier, we exploited the high metabolic demand of tumors to safely inhibit N-glycans synthesis with the glucose/mannose analog 2-deoxy- d -glucose (2DG). Treatment with 2DG disrupts the N-glycan cover on tumor cells and results in enhanced CAR T cell activity in different xenograft mouse models of PAC. Moreover, 2DG treatment interferes with the PD-1–PD-L1 axis and results in a reduced exhaustion profile of tumor-infiltrating CAR T cells in vivo. The combined 2DG and CAR T cell therapy was successful against multiple carcinomas besides PAC, including those arising from the lung, ovary, and bladder, and with different clinically relevant CAR specificities, such as CD44v6 and CEA. Overall, our results indicate that tumor N-glycosylation regulates the quality and magnitude of CAR T cell responses, paving the way for the rational design of improved therapies against solid malignancies.
Is dyslexia a disease?
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A prospective, multicenter, dose-escalation, and dose-expansion study evaluating apatinib plus chemotherapy in second-line therapy of patients with postoperatively gastric cancer (ACHIEVE).
Authors: Junyi Han, Tao Pang, Zhan Zhang, Zhengmao Lu, Ping Dong, Jianguo Wu, Kai Yin, Xusheng Chang, Tianhang Luo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS362 Background: Apatinib, a highly selective small-molecule tyrosinase inhibitor of VEGFR2, is the third-line standard therapy for patients (pts) with advanced gastric cancer. Many previous studies have preliminarily demonstrated the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with chemotherapy in the second-line treatment of gastric cancer. Comparing with pts who have not undergone surgery, previous pharmacological study has found that pts who have undergone gastric cancer surgery have lower bioavailability and can tolerate higher doses of apatinib (Clin Pharmacokinet. 2017 Jan; 56(1):65-76). However, there is no prospective evidence of apatinib plus chemotherapy for second line treatment in pts with postoperatively gastric cancer. Methods: To explore the efficacy, safety and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of apatinib from apatinib+chemotherapy for second line treatment in pts with postoperatively gastric cancer. We designed ACHIEVE as a multicenter, dose-escalation, and dose-expansion trial in pts with gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer who had prior undergone gastrectomy. In part 1 (dose escalation), pts who had received previously first-line treatment will be assigned to 1 of 3 three dose groups: (1) apatinib (250mg qd) + chemotherapy drug; (2) apatinib (500mg qd) + chemotherapy drug; (3) apatinib (750mg qd) + chemotherapy drug. The therapeutic drugs for second-line chemotherapy are determined by the investigator, it’s recommended to use docetaxel or albumin-bound paclitaxel, and chemotherapeutics are used for up to 6 cycles. In part 2 (dose expansion), pts will be treated with apatinib (MTD determined by dose escalation, qd) + chemotherapy drug. Whether PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors have been used in the first-line treatment will be analyzed as a subgroup analysis factor. Primary endpoints are progression-free survival (PFS) and MTD. Secondary endpoints include confirmed objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DOR), overall survival (OS), and safety. AEs will be monitored throughout the study and graded per NCI CTCAE v5.0. Tumor response will be assessed by RECIST v1.1 every 6 weeks in the first 18 weeks, and every 9 weeks thereafter. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2100048288.
Platelet-monocyte complex formation: Effect of PSGL-1 blockade with KPL-1 in coronary stenting with GP IIb/IIIa antagonism Laura S. Fernandes, Jeffrey A. Klem, Shiba Mathew, Ian Conde-Pozzi, Geoffrey S. Kansas, Karen R. Snapp, C. Wayne Smith, Christie M. Ballantyne, Kelly J. Maresh, Neal S. Kleiman. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Is Driven by Acceleration of the Substitution Rate
Authors: John H Tay, Ashleigh F Porter, Wytamma Wirth, Sebastian Duchene
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has seen an unprecedented amount of rapidly generated genome data. These data have revealed the emergence of lineages with mutations associated to transmissibility and antigenicity, known as variants of concern (VOCs). A striking aspect of VOCs is that many of them involve an unusually large number of defining mutations. Current phylogenetic estimates of the substitution rate of SARS-CoV-2 suggest that its genome accrues around two mutations per month. However, VOCs can have 15 or more defining mutations and it is hypothesized that they emerged over the course of a few months, implying that they must have evolved faster for a period of time. We analyzed genome sequence data from the GISAID database to assess whether the emergence of VOCs can be attributed to changes in the substitution rate of the virus and whether this pattern can be detected at a phylogenetic level using genome data. We fit a range of molecular clock models and assessed their statistical performance. Our analyses indicate that the emergence of VOCs is driven by an episodic increase in the substitution rate of around 4-fold the background phylogenetic rate estimate that may have lasted several weeks or months. These results underscore the importance of monitoring the molecular evolution of the virus as a means of understanding the circumstances under which VOCs may emerge.
Relationship between the Lethal Yellow (&lt;italic&gt;A&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;italic&gt;y&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;) Gene of the Mouse and Susceptibility to Spontaneous Pulmonary Tumors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Walter E. Heston, Margaret K. Deringer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1947)

Relationship between the Lethal Yellow (A y ) Gene of the Mouse and Susceptibility to Spontaneous Pulmonary Tumors Walter E. Heston, Walter E. Heston principal geneticist Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret K. Deringer Margaret K. Deringer biologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 7, Issue 6, June 1947, Pages 463–465, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/7.6.463 Published: 01 June 1947 Article history Received: 15 April 1947 Published: 01 June 1947