tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Facial palsy.
Authors: H Ludman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

FACITAL PALSYVTwo-thirds or more of cases of lower motor neurone facial palsy are idiopathic.But idiopathic (or Bell's) palsy should be diagnosed only after a full investigation and after no other explanation can be found.Intracranial causes of lower motor neurone facial palsy include neoplasia, multiple sclerosis, brain-stem infarction, cerebellopontine angle lesions, and poliomyelitis.Intratemporal causes include trauma from an accident or surgery, otitis media (especially chronic with cholesteatoma) herpes zoster oticus (Ramsey-Hunt syndrome), and carcinoma of the mddle ear or neurofibroma of the facial nerve.The commonest extracranial causes are trauma and carcinoma of the parotid gland.Other causes include infectious mononucleosis, sarcoidosis, and polyneuritis.For a full diagnosis the doctor needs to identify the site of the lesion, its cause., and its severity.
Multiple isogenic GNE-myopathy modeling with mutation specific phenotypes from human pluripotent stem cells by base editors
Authors: Ju-Chan Park, Jumee Kim, Hyun-Ki Jang, Seung-Yeon Lee, Keun-Tae Kim, Eun-Ji Kwon, Seokwoo Park, Hyun Sik Lee, Hyewon Choi, Seung-Yeol Park, Hee-Jung Choi, Soon-Jung Park, Sung-Hwan Moon, Sangsu Bae, Hyuk-Jin Cha
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
THE MICROBIC DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The microbic or, to speak more exactly, the infectious diseases of the nervous system at present recognized are very few in number and this recognition is, except in the case of hydrophobia, entirely a matter of recent date. Even now, if we except tetanus, rabies, diphtheritic paralysis, cerebro-spinal meningitis, certain forms of neuritis, one or two tropical disorders and the tubercular affections, a spinal infectious etiology is not generally admitted. Perhaps we ought to add tabes and paresis to this list in view of their probable specific origin, and there are one or two affections such asLandry'sparalysis that stand as yet in an undetermined position in this respect. Apart from these forms any infectious nature of diseases of the nervous system is seldom admitted. It is a question, however, whether we may not, in the near future, have to enlarge our ideas to some extent, and put poliomyelitis,
A SAFE AND EFFICIENT TUBERCULIN TEST
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer—Reply
Authors: Hao Liu, Yanfeng Hu, Guoxin Li
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Prolapse of Intestine Through Opening in Omentum.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

—In a clinical note inThe Journal, September 16, Dr. Antonio Gentile considered the case which he reported to be the seventeenth of its kind in medical literature. It has been called to his attention now that Dr. Edward H. McLean reported a similar case in<i>Northwest Medicine</i>, April, 1932, page 193. Dr. Gentile's case would therefore be, he says, the eighteenth case of this kind in the literature.
Immunization schedules.
Authors: R. Debre, F. M. Levy
Journal: BMJ (1970)

SIR,-The immunization schedules recently published under the heading "Today's Drugs" (19 September, p. 691) contribute to the clarification which is always necessary in this field.The series of immunizations to be performed in the whole children's population must be subject to as much agreement as possible.We took part in a discussion in the B.M.7. on this in 1959.1The questions raised have since been the subject at the International Children's Centre of several inquiries by several teams both in the field and in the laboratory.The results obtained have been published in part.On the basis of these results, we recommend the following immunization schedule (up to 15 years of age): Age Immunizations 3, 4, 5 months D.P.T. (adsorbed vaccine) +live vaccine polio immunization 12 months Smallpox vaccination 16-18 months D.P.T. booster 1-2 years Measles vaccine (live) 6 years Polio immunization booster 7-8 years D.T. booster 10 years Smallpox revaccination 11 years Polio immunization booster D.P.T. =Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus.D.T. = Diphtheria, Tetanus.
Activation and expansion of T-follicular helper cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia nurselike cell co-cultures
Authors: Alicia M. Vaca, Nikolaos Ioannou, Mariela Sivina, Elisavet Vlachonikola, Karen Clise-Dwyer, Ekaterina Kim, Dan Li, Qing Ma, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Zeev Estrov, William G. Wierda, Piers E. M. Patten, Alan G. Ramsay, Jan A. Burger
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
Flat colorectal adenocarcinoma: a worrisome false negative of artificial intelligence-assisted colonoscopy
Authors: Pierre Lafeuille, Clara Yzet, Jérôme Rivory, Guillaume Pontarollo, El Houcine Latif, Adrien Bartoli, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the field of colorectal endoscopy is currently booming, colorectal cancer being, by its frequency and severity, a serious public health concern.
School meals.
Authors: D P Richardson, M Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

your article, were treated by radium only, and there seems little doubt that the high uterine dose necessary for a radium meno- pause is more likely to lead to later malig- nancy than the lower dose given by external irradiation.The indications for inducing a radiation menopause are few; for a radium menopause there are none.-I am, etc.,
Testosterone recovery for relugolix versus leuprolide in men with advanced prostate cancer: Results from the phase 3 HERO study.
Authors: Ronald F. Tutrone, Fred Saad, Daniel J. George, Bertrand F. Tombal, James L. Bailen, Michael Cookson, Daniel Saltzstein, Bruce Brown, Sophia Lu, Neal D. Shore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

104 Background: In the phase 3 HERO study, the oral GnRH receptor antagonist, relugolix, showed sustained testosterone suppression superior to that of leuprolide (96.7% vs 88.8%; difference: 7.9% [95% CI, 4.1 to 11.8; P &lt; 0.001]). Herein, we provide an analysis of the testosterone recovery data in a subgroup of 184 men from the HERO study who were not indicated to continue androgen deprivation therapy. Methods: The phase 3 HERO study was designed to evaluate relugolix in men with advanced prostate cancer. Overall, 934 men were randomized 2:1 to receive relugolix 120 mg orally once daily after a single oral loading dose of relugolix 360 mg on Day 1 or leuprolide injections every 12 weeks for 48 weeks. Testosterone recovery was assessed in 184 patients who completed 48 weeks of treatment and who did not plan to start alternative androgen deprivation therapy within the following 12 weeks (or within 24 weeks following the last injection of leuprolide 3-month depot). During the 90-day recovery period, assessments included time to testosterone recovery (≥ 280 ng/dL, the lower limit of the normal range) using the Kaplan-Meier method, PSA concentrations in testosterone recovery phase, and adverse events during the recovery phase. All analyses were conducted in a modified intent to treat population. Results: Overall, 137 men in the relugolix group and 47 men in the leuprolide group were included in these analyses. Mean (standard deviation) testosterone levels for men entering the recovery assessment were 427±142 ng/dL and 404±127 ng/dL in the relugolix and leuprolide groups, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate of testosterone recovery to ≥280 ng/dL at 90 days after drug discontinuation was 53.9% in the relugolix group compared with 3.2% in the leuprolide group (nominal p = 0.0017). Overall, 74 of the 137 men in relugolix group recovered testosterone with a median time to recovery of 86.0 days (95% CI: 65.0, 92.0), versus 2 of the 47 men in leuprolide group with a median time to recovery of 112.0 days (95% CI: 112.0, not estimable). At the 90-day follow-up visit, the median PSA values were 0.39 ng/mL (range: 0 to 233.1) and 0.06 ng/mL (0 to 14.0) in the relugolix and leuprolide groups, respectively. Incidence of adverse events were generally similar in the treatment groups during the recovery phase, with 96% of men experiencing at least one adverse event and 15% of men experiencing a grade ≥3 adverse event in both treatment groups during the recovery phase. Conclusions: Relugolix, an oral nonpeptide GnRH receptor antagonist, had a faster and more complete recovery of testosterone to normal levels after treatment discontinuation versus leuprolide in a subgroup of men from the phase 3 HERO study. Clinical trial information: NCT03085095.
Germinal center derived B cell memory without T cells
Authors: Yang Zhang, Kai-Michael Toellner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

Liu et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210527) in this issue show that T cell-independent germinal centers (GCs) can produce long-lived memory and plasma cell output. This may help explain how polysaccharide antigens provide long-term protection.
The Treatment of Pneumonia
Authors: W. H. Wynn
Journal: BMJ (1936)

Pneumonia is the most widespread and fatal of acute diseases in civilized lands, and its control is one of our most serious problems.While during the last fifty years there has been a striking reduction in the mortality from other infections, such as tuberculosis, typhoid fever, small-pox, and scarlet fever, that from pneumonia actually increased until the last few years.It is instructive to compare graphs of the deaths from pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, and influenza during the last half-century.In 1884 the deaths from pneumonia were 1,000 per million living, but with the influenza epidemic of 1890-1 they rose to 1,400 and did not fall to 1,000 again for thirty years.Since 1920 they have been-below 1,000, except in 1922 and 1929, years in which influenza was prevalent.It will also be seen that fifty years ago the mortality from pulmonary tuberculosis was 80 per cent.greater than from pneumonia, but since then there has been a steady fall, and from 1900 deaths from pneumonia have exceeded those from phthisis.t
BrUOG360: A phase Ib/II study of copanlisib combined with rucaparib in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Authors: Benedito A. Carneiro, Andre DeSouza, Dragan Golijanin, Roxanne Wood, Adam J Olszewski, Sheldon L. Holder, Wafik S. El-Deiry, Rahul Raj Aggarwal, Anthony E. Mega
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

128 Background: mCRPC with alterations in genes associated with homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair (e.g., BRCA1/2) is sensitive to poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Preclinical studies showed that PI3K inhibitors (PI3Ki) impairs HR and sensitize cancer cells to PARPi even in the absence of HR gene mutations. These results support our hypothesis that dual PI3K and PARP inhibition may improve clinical outcomes in progressive mCRPC. We describe preliminary results of a phase Ib/II study investigating safety of the combination of copanlisib (pan-class I PI3Ki) and rucaparib (PARP-1, -2 and -3 inhibitor). Methods: Enrollment criteria included progressive mCRPC, prior androgen inhibitors (abiraterone, enzalutamide, and/or apalutamide); prior taxane chemotherapy was allowed. HR-deficiency was not required for the phase Ib. The phase I followed a standard 3+3 escalation design. Dose schema: rucaparib (continuous oral administration twice daily) 400mg (dose level [DL] -1, 1), 500mg (DL 2) or 600mg (DL 3,4) and intravenous copanlisib (45mg D1, D15 (DL -1, -2); 45mg, D1, D8, D15 (DL 1, 2, 3); 60mg, D1, D8, D15 (DL 4); 28-day cycle). Adverse events (AE) were graded by CTCAE v5.0. The primary aim of the phase I was to establish the MTD and the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of copanlisib in combination with rucaparib. Results: Eleven pts were enrolled with a median age of 63 (55-78) and median PSA of 12 ng/mL (0.018–2,101). Seven pts (63%) received prior chemotherapy (docetaxel [7], cabazitaxel [3]). Pathogenic HR mutations included BRCA1 (1), BRCA2 (3), CDK12 (1), and FANCA (1). Treatment-related AE included grade 2 (G2) leukopenia (30%), G2 anemia (20%), G2 rash (20%). Two dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed in DL 1: G3 rash and G3 AST/ALT elevation attributed to both drugs. Six pts were treated at DL -1 without DLTs. The RP2D was rucaparib 400mg BID with copanlisib 45mg (D1, D15; 28-day cycle). There were 2 confirmed PSA50 responses among 7 evaluable pts (28%). One pt had BRCA2 loss and 1 had PALB2 VUS (ongoing PSA response for 14 mo). Three stable disease and 1 partial response were observed among 6 pts evaluable by RECIST 1.1. Conclusions: The combination of rucaparib and copanlisib is well tolerated. The RP2D was rucaparib 400mg BID with copanlisib 45mg (D1, D15; 28-day cycle) with signal of efficacy. Enrollment in a phase 2 expansion cohort in HR-mutated mCRPC is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT04253262.
MOTOR NOTES FOR MEDICAL MEN
Authors: H. M. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1916)

ACcORDING to Mr. Harcourt, the me6dical profession and veterinary surgeons have between them been allotted a total of 418,750 gallons of petrol a month, against 700,000 gallons for all users of private cars in the country an'd 2,087,500 gallons for all the cabs, omnnibuses, and so forth.It is nevertheless a fact that many medical men have been allotted quantities of petrol quite inadequate to suffice for the total amount of professional work thiey have to do.Whlere allotments have obviously been made in error, somne relief will be received on the fact being established, thlough unnder thlis head we must not overlook the major facts, wllich are:
Abstract 175: Evaluation of Team Performance in Video Review of Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Sage Myers, Heather Wolfe, Aaron Donoghue
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Team dynamics have been a learning objective of AHA courses since 2005. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a hospital setting involves a multidisciplinary team with multiple specific roles occurring simultaneously. Though evaluation of team performance in simulated resuscitation events has been studied, little information exists on the performance of teams in real CPR events. The development of a video-based resuscitation quality improvement (QI) program has allowed a route for the analysis of team performance during actual patient care. Objective: Demonstrate feasibility of team performance rating of real pediatric CPR events using video review. Methods: All pediatric resuscitations requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency department of a tertiary children’s hospital are video-recorded for QI purposes. Following video review, team performance was rated by study personnel using the validated Behavioral Assessment Tool (BAT). The BAT scores 10 domains of team performance, each on a 0-4 Likert Scale (score range 0 – 40). Univariate comparison of BAT scores was done between patient age categories, event duration, location of arrest (in- vs. out-of-hospital), and chest compression fraction (CCF) below or above 80% using nonparametric methods. Results: 13 events requiring CPR occurred during the study period. Mean BAT scores were 32 (+/- 6) points. Lowest rated domains were Attention allocation , Distribution of workload, and Utilization of information. Highest rated domains across all events were Recognition of Limitations and Professional behavior. BAT scores were significantly higher in infant CPR events than older children (39 vs. 28, p=0.005) and out-of-hospital events compared with in-hospital (37 vs 27, p=0.04). There were no significant differences in BAT scores based on event duration or CCF. Conclusions: Video-based review of pediatric CPR events is a feasible method for efficient evaluation of team performance using validated tools. Quantitative assessment of team performance allows for needs assessments to determine areas in which intervention should be focused for maximum impact on CPR quality. Future work should focus on interventions to address areas of suboptimal performance.
Open-Label, Single-Arm Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: David F. McDermott, Jae-Lyun Lee, Georg A. Bjarnason, James M. G. Larkin, Rustem A. Gafanov, Mark D. Kochenderfer, Niels Viggo Jensen, Frede Donskov, Jahangeer Malik, Alexandr Poprach, Scott S. Tykodi, Teresa Alonso-Gordoa, Daniel C. Cho, Poul F. Geertsen, Miguel Angel Climent Duran, Christopher DiSimone, Rachel Kloss Silverman, Rodolfo F. Perini, Charles Schloss, Michael B. Atkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

Pembrolizumab, a programmed death 1 inhibitor, demonstrated promising single-agent activity in untreated patients with various cancer types. The phase II KEYNOTE-427 study evaluated efficacy and safety of single-agent pembrolizumab in treatment-naive patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC; cohort A) and advanced non-ccRCC (cohort B). Results of cohort A are reported.In this open-label, single-arm phase II study, patients with advanced ccRCC received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks for ≤ 24 months. The primary end point was objective response rate by RECIST, version 1.1.In the total population (N = 110), median time from enrollment to data cutoff was 35.9 (range, 29.5-40.3) months. Objective response rate was 36.4% with four (3.6%) complete responses and 36 (32.7%) partial responses; disease control rate was 58.2% (95% CI, 48.4 to 67.5). Most patients (68.2%) had a decrease in target lesions, including 30.9% with a reduction ≥ 60%. Median duration of response was 18.9 (range, 2.3-37.6+) months; 64.1% of responders had a response ≥ 12 months (Kaplan-Meier). Median progression-free survival was 7.1 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 11.0). Median overall survival was not reached; 12-month and 24-month overall survival rates were 88.2% and 70.8%, respectively. Durable responses were observed across all International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium categories. Grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events were reported in 30.0% of patients, of which colitis and diarrhea were most frequent.Single-agent pembrolizumab showed promising antitumor activity as a first-line treatment in patients with advanced ccRCC, with durable responses across International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium categories. Safety and tolerability profile of pembrolizumab monotherapy was comparable to what has been previously described in other tumor types.
Regulation of activated microglia and macrophages by systemically administered DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotides
Authors: Rieko Nishi, Masaki Ohyagi, Tetsuya Nagata, Yo Mabuchi, Takanori Yokota
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2022)

Microglial activation followed by recruitment of blood-borne macrophages into the central nervous system (CNS) aggravates neuroinflammation. Specifically, in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of MS, activated microglia and macrophages (Mg/Mφ) promote proinflammatory responses and expand demyelination in the CNS. However, a potent therapeutic approach through the systemic route for regulating their functions has not yet been developed. Here, we demonstrate that a systemically injected DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO), composed of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and its complementary RNA, conjugated to cholesterol (Chol-HDO) distributed more efficiently to demyelinating lesions of the spinal cord in EAE mice with significant gene silencing than the parent ASO. Importantly, systemic administration of Cd40-targeting Chol-HDO improved clinical signs of EAE with significant downregulation of Cd40 in Mg/Mφ. Furthermore, we successfully identify that macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) is responsible for the uptake of Chol-HDO by Mg/Mφ of EAE mice. Overall, our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potency of systemically administered Chol-HDO to regulate activated Mg/Mφ in neuroinflammation. Microglial activation followed by recruitment of blood-borne macrophages into the central nervous system (CNS) aggravates neuroinflammation. Specifically, in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of MS, activated microglia and macrophages (Mg/Mφ) promote proinflammatory responses and expand demyelination in the CNS. However, a potent therapeutic approach through the systemic route for regulating their functions has not yet been developed. Here, we demonstrate that a systemically injected DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO), composed of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and its complementary RNA, conjugated to cholesterol (Chol-HDO) distributed more efficiently to demyelinating lesions of the spinal cord in EAE mice with significant gene silencing than the parent ASO. Importantly, systemic administration of Cd40-targeting Chol-HDO improved clinical signs of EAE with significant downregulation of Cd40 in Mg/Mφ. Furthermore, we successfully identify that macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) is responsible for the uptake of Chol-HDO by Mg/Mφ of EAE mice. Overall, our findings demonstrate the therapeutic potency of systemically administered Chol-HDO to regulate activated Mg/Mφ in neuroinflammation.
Research.
Authors: P Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Research as an educational tool is often misunderstood.Few people are destined to be Nobel Prize winners or will make a major, lasting contribution to the sum of public knowledge.But all doctors can be alert, inquiring, and show special interest in some subject.When you have reached the stage to do research, which is usually after a higher diploma has been obtained and you are at registrar or senior registrar grade, you have to think of something to do that will make you stand out from your competitors when you apply for senior registrar or