tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
First Progeria Drug Is Approved
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progression of Myocardial Fibrosis in Nonischemic DCM and Association With Mortality and Heart Failure Outcomes
Authors: Aditya Mandawat, Pairoj Chattranukulchai, Anant Mandawat, Alexander J Blood, Sindhoor Ambati, Brenda Hayes, Wolfgang Rehwald, Han W Kim, John F Heitner, Dipan J Shah, Igor Klem
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2021)
Association of Age With 10-Year Outcomes After Coronary Surgery in the Arterial Revascularization Trial
Authors: Mario Gaudino, Antonino Di Franco, Marcus Flather, Stephen Gerry, Emilia Bagiella, Alastair Gray, Leon Pearcey, Teng-Hui Saw, Belinda Lees, Umberto Benedetto, Stephen E. Fremes, David P. Taggart
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Elevation of IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in radiation induced mouse dermatitis and fibrosis.
Authors: Weimin Liu, Ivan Ding, Keqiang Chen, John Olschowka, Lurong Zhang, Paul Okunieff
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

3119  Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is up-regulated by a variety factors including radiation. IL-1β also modulates the production of other inflammation related molecules, such as, MMPs and MMP inhibitors (TIMPs). Although IL-1β has been reported to enhance the production of MMPs in several cells, and the imbalanced induction of MMPs, TIMPs, and collagen synthesis is in part regulated by IL-1. The effects of elevated cutaneous IL-1β after irradiation on MMPs and/or TIMPs are unknown. Primary cultured human cutaneous keratinocyte, fibroblast and endothelial cell lines from a single donor were irradiated with 10 Gy in order to identify cytokine-producing cells responding to radiation. Then the right hind leg of C57BL/6 WT and IL-1R1(-/-) mice were given a single dose of 30Gy radiation to elucidate radiation induced cytokines in an in-vivo mouse model. Finally, the IL-1β recombinant protein (10 ng x 5 days) per mouse was intramuscularly injected into irradiated mouse leg to explore the causal relationship between IL-1β levels and cutaneous fibrosis. Our results show that: 1) mRNA of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-1Ra, but not IL-6 were significantly induced by 10 Gy radiation in all three cell types. Keratinocyte however are the major IL-1-producing cells in the skin. 2) Radiation chronically elevated skin IL-1β mRNA including the stage of early dermatitis (14 and 19 Days), and also the stage of late fibrosis (60 and 90 day). While both the WT and IL-1R1-/- mice had elevated IL-1 at early time points, the effect was enormous in the WT animals. Only the WT animals had chronic elevations of IL-1. 3) Similarly, IL-1α mRNA in WT mice were significantly elevated compare to the IL-1R1-/- mice on 60 and 90 days after radiation. 4) Radiation induced mRNA expression for MMP-1/13, -2, -3 at early time points in both WT and IL-1R1-/- mice, only the WT mice had elevation of MMP’s at late time points. None of the TIMPs tested in skin and muscle changed after radiation in either mouse model. 5) Exogenous IL-1β robustly induced endogenous IL-1β mRNA expression, along with a brisk increase in MMP-1/13, -2, -3 in skin of WT mice, but not in IL-1R1-/- mice. 6) The type III collagen detected by immunohistochemistry was also increased in WT cutaneous fibrotic tissues compare with that of the IL-1R1-/- mice. In conclusion, IL-1β and MMPs, produced by keratinocytes in irradiated skin plays a critical role in radiation induced dermatitis and late fibrosis.
OA03.03 Nivolumab (NIVO) + ipilimumab (IPI) Versus Platinum-Doublet Chemotherapy (Chemo) as First-Line (1L) Treatment for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (aNSCLC): 3-year Update from CheckMate 227 Part 1
Authors: S.S. Ramalingam, T.E. Ciuleanu, A. Pluzanski, J.-S. Lee, M. Schenker, R.B. Caro, K.H. Lee, B. Zurawski, C. Audigier-Valette, M. Provencio, H. Linardou, S.-W. Kim, H. Borghaei, M.D. Hellmann, K.J. O'Byrne, L.G. Paz-Ares, M. Reck, F.E. Nathan, J.R. Brahmer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Widespread occurrence of microRNA-mediated target cleavage on membrane-bound polysomes
Authors: Xiaoyu Yang, Chenjiang You, Xufeng Wang, Lei Gao, Beixin Mo, Lin Liu, Xuemei Chen
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Abstract Background Small RNAs (sRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) serve as core players in gene silencing at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in plants, but their subcellular localization has not yet been well studied, thus limiting our mechanistic understanding of sRNA action. Results We investigate the cytoplasmic partitioning of sRNAs and their targets globally in maize ( Zea mays , inbred line “B73”) and rice ( Oryza sativa , cv. “Nipponbare”) by high-throughput sequencing of polysome-associated sRNAs and 3′ cleavage fragments, and find that both miRNAs and a subset of 21-nucleotide (nt)/22-nt siRNAs are enriched on membrane-bound polysomes (MBPs) relative to total polysomes (TPs) across different tissues. Most of the siRNAs are generated from transposable elements (TEs), and retrotransposons positively contributed to MBP overaccumulation of 22-nt TE-derived siRNAs (TE-siRNAs) as opposed to DNA transposons. Widespread occurrence of miRNA-mediated target cleavage is observed on MBPs, and a large proportion of these cleavage events are MBP-unique. Reproductive 21PHAS ( 21-nt phasiRNA-generating ) and 24PHAS ( 24-nt phasiRNA-generating ) precursors, which were commonly considered as noncoding RNAs, are bound by polysomes, and high-frequency cleavage of 21PHAS precursors by miR2118 and 24PHAS precursors by miR2275 is further detected on MBPs. Reproductive 21-nt phasiRNAs are enriched on MBPs as opposed to TPs, whereas 24-nt phasiRNAs are nearly completely devoid of polysome occupancy. Conclusions MBP overaccumulation is a conserved pattern for cytoplasmic partitioning of sRNAs, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound ribosomes function as an independent regulatory layer for miRNA-induced gene silencing and reproductive phasiRNA biosynthesis in maize and rice.
Encapsulation of LXR ligand by D-Nap-GFFY hydrogel enhances anti-tumorigenic actions of LXR and removes LXR-induced lipogenesis
Authors: Ke Feng, Chuanrui Ma, Yuxin Liu, Xiaoxiao Yang, Zhimou Yang, Yaoxia Chen, Tengyan Xu, Chengbiao Yang, Shuang Zhang, Qi Li, Zhuo Wei, Dan Zhao, Peng Zeng, Jihong Han, Jie Gao, Yuanli Chen, Yajun Duan
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Background and purpose: Activation of liver X receptor (LXR) by its ligand T0901317 (T317) enhances interferon-γ (IFNγ) production to inhibit tumor growth. However, induction of severe hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver by T317 limits its application. The naphthylacetic acid modified D-enantiomeric-glycine-phenylalanine-phenylalanine-tyrosine (D-Nap-GFFY) can form a nanofiber hydrogel which is selectively taken up by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this study, we determined if D-Nap-GFFY-encapsulated T317 (D-Nap-GFFY-T317) can potently inhibit tumor growth while having no adverse lipogenic effects on the liver. Methods: We prepared D-Nap-GFFY-T317 nanofiber hydrogel and subcutaneously injected it into IFNγ deficient (IFNγ-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice with lung carcinoma, either inoculated LLC1 cells or urethane-induced carcinoma. Mice received oral T317 administration were used for comparison. Effects of treatment on tumor growth, lipogenesis and involved mechanisms were investigated. Results: Compared with T317 oral administration, injection of D-Nap-GFFY-T317 more potently inhibited LLC1 tumor growth in mice. The inhibition was dependent on LXR-activated IFNγ expression in APCs. D-Nap-GFFY-T317 increased M1 while reducing M2 type macrophages in tumors. Associated with activation of IFNγ expression, D-Nap-GFFY-T317 enhanced dendritic cell maturation and infiltration into tumors, increased CD3+/CD8+ cells in tumors, and inhibited tumor angiogenesis. Similarly, D-Nap-GFFY-T317 more potently inhibited growth of urethane-induced lung carcinomas than T317 oral administration. In these two tumor models, T317 oral administration, but not D-Nap-GFFY-T317 injection, activated hepatic lipogenesis and induced fatty liver. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that D-Nap-GFFY-T317 inhibits lung tumor growth without adverse effects on the liver, indicating the hydrogel-encapsulated LXR ligand might be a novel therapy for tumor treatment.
Excellent Outcomes With Reduced Frequency of Vincristine and Dexamethasone Pulses in Standard-Risk B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results From Children's Oncology Group AALL0932
Authors: Anne L. Angiolillo, Reuven J. Schore, John A. Kairalla, Meenakshi Devidas, Karen R. Rabin, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Michael J. Borowitz, Brent Wood, Andrew J. Carroll, Nyla A. Heerema, Mary V. Relling, Johann Hitzler, Ashley R. Lane, Kelly W. Maloney, Cindy Wang, Mylène Bassal, William L. Carroll, Naomi J. Winick, Elizabeth A. Raetz, Mignon L. Loh, Stephen P. Hunger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

AALL0932 evaluated two randomized maintenance interventions to optimize disease-free survival (DFS) while reducing the burden of therapy in children with newly diagnosed NCI standard-risk (SR) B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).AALL0932 enrolled 9,229 patients with B-ALL; 2,364 average-risk (AR) patients were randomly assigned (2 × 2 factorial design) at the start of maintenance therapy to vincristine/dexamethasone pulses every 4 (VCR/DEX4) or every 12 (VCR/DEX12) weeks, and a starting dose of weekly oral methotrexate of 20 mg/m2 (MTX20) or 40 mg/m2 (MTX40).Five-year event-free survival and overall survival (OS) from enrollment (with 95% CIs), for all eligible and evaluable SR B-ALL patients (n = 9,226), were 92.0% (91.1% and 92.8%) and 96.8% (96.2% and 97.3%), respectively. The 5-year DFS and OS from the start of maintenance for randomly assigned AR patients were 94.6% (93.3% and 95.9%) and 98.5% (97.7% and 99.2%), respectively. The 5-year DFS and OS for patients randomly assigned to receive VCR/DEX4 (n = 1,186) versus VCR/DEX12 (n = 1,178) were 94.1% (92.2% and 96.0%) and 98.3% (97.2% and 99.4%) v 95.1% (93.3% and 96.9%) and 98.6% (97.7% and 99.6%), respectively (P = .86 and .69). The 5-year DFS and OS for AR patients randomly assigned to receive MTX20 versus MTX40 were 95.1% (93.3% and 96.8%) and 98.8% (97.9% and 99.7%) v 94.2% (92.2% and 96.1%) and 98.1% (97.0% and 99.2%), respectively (P = .92 and .89).The 0NCI-SR AR B-ALL who received VCR/DEX12 had outstanding outcomes despite receiving one third of the vincristine/dexamethasone pulses previously used as standard of care on Children's Oncology Group (COG) trials. The higher starting dose of MTX of 40 mg/m2/week did not improve outcomes when compared with 20 mg/m2/week. The decreased frequency of vincristine/dexamethasone pulses has been incorporated into frontline COG B-ALL trials to decrease the burden of therapy for patients and their families.
Genetic Variants of SARS-CoV-2—What Do They Mean?
Authors: Adam S. Lauring, Emma B. Hodcroft
Journal: JAMA (2021)

This Viewpoint discusses emerging genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2, including new "UK" and "mink" variants and the significance of the new variants to coronavirus transmissibility, spread, virulence, and efforts to vaccinate the population against COVID-19.
Estimating the impact of achieving Turkey's non-communicable disease policy targets: A macro-simulation modelling study
Authors: João Breda, Luke N Allen, Birol Tibet, Toker Erguder, Erdem Karabulut, Hasan H Yildirim, Alexander Mok, Kremlin Wickramasinghe
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

The Burden of non-communicable disease (NCDs) has continued to rise globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Turkey, NCDs account for 89% of all deaths, with nearly one in five deaths occurring before age 70. This study investigates the number of NCD deaths that could be prevented if Turkey met national and international targets for major modifiable NCD risk factors. Preventable deaths were estimated using the World Health Organization (WHO) 'Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl' (PRIME), by combining: 1) Baseline exposure data for risk factors, referenced from national surveillance and cohort studies; 2) Aetiological associations from published meta-analyses; and 3) Demographic and mortality statistics obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). Confidence intervals were estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. If Turkey met its NCD risk factor targets for reducing tobacco and salt consumption by 30%, and physical inactivity by 10% in 2017, an estimated 19,859 deaths (95%CI: 12,802 to 26,609) could have been prevented. Approximately two thirds of these preventable deaths were in men, and one in three were in adults below 75 years. A 30% relative reduction in the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and salt, as well as physical inactivity, would prevent 180 (107 to 259); 4,786 (3,679 to 5,836); 13,112 (5,819 to 19,952); and 7,124 (5,053 to 9,212) deaths, respectively. Among major modifiable NCD risk factors, population-level reductions in salt intake and physical inactivity present the greatest opportunity for reducing NCD mortality in Turkey. These findings can help Turkey prioritise interventions to meet the Sustainable Development Goal target of reducing NCD mortality by one third, by 2030.
Abstract P095: Diet Quality and Genetic Association With Body Mass Index
Authors: Ming Ding, Christina Ellervik, Tao Huang, Majken Jensen, Gary Curhan, Louis Pasquale, Jae Hee Kang, Janey Wiggs, David Hunter, Walter Willett, Eric Rimm, Peter Kraft, Daniel Chasman, Lu Qi, Frank Hu, Qibin Qi
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Whether dietary quality modifies genetic association with body mass index (BMI) is unknown. Methods: We examined the interactions prospectively of a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 97 BMI-associated variants with three diet quality scores (alternative healthy eating index 2010 (AHEI-2010), Alternative Mediterranean Diet score (AMED) and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet score) on BMI in 30,904 participants from three large US cohorts. According to the enrichment of genes near the BMI-associated loci in the central nervous system (CNS), we further created two subsets of GRSs: CNS GRS based on 54 variants and non-CNS GRS based on 43 variants. Findings: We found significant interactions between total GRS and all three diet scores on BMI assessed after 2 to 3 years, with an attenuated genetic effect observed in individuals with healthier diets (AHEI: P for interaction = 0.003; AMED: P = 0.001; DASH: P = 0.004). For example, the difference in BMI per 10 unit increment of the GRS was smaller among participants in the highest tertile of AHEI score compared to those in the lowest tertile (0.84 [95% CI: 0.72, 0.96] vs. 1.14 [0.99, 1.29] kg/m 2 ). Results were consistent across the three cohorts with no significant heterogeneity. The interactions with diet scores on BMI appeared more significant for CNS GRS (AHEI: P = 0.009; AMED and DASH: P &lt; 0.001) than for non-CNS GRS (AHEI: P = 0.10; AMED: P = 0.50; DASH: P = 0.68). Among individual components of diet scores, higher consumption of red/processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, and trans fat accentuated genetic associations with BMI (P &lt;0.01), while higher consumption of fruit and moderate alcohol attenuated genetic associations with BMI (P &lt; 0.01). Interpretation: A higher diet quality may mitigate genetic predisposition to obesity. These findings provide insights into complex interplays between diet and genetic influences and underscore the importance of adopting a healthful diet for the prevention of obesity, particularly those individuals with a strong genetic predisposition to obesity.
A multicentre analysis of Clostridium difficile in persons with Cystic Fibrosis demonstrates that carriage may be transient and highly variable with respect to strain and level
Authors: Jennifer Deane, Fiona Fouhy, Nicola J Ronan, Mary Daly, Claire Fleming, Joseph A Eustace, Fergus Shanahan, Evelyn T Flanagan, Lieven Dupont, Michael J Harrison, Charles S Haworth, Andres Floto, Mary C Rea, R Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton, Barry J Plant
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)
Could Baking Soda Fight Leukemia Relapse After Stem Cell Transplant?
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case 26-2020: A Woman with Altered Mental Status and Left-Sided Weakness
Authors: Colin M Smith, Jonathan R Komisar, Kathy L Niu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

To the Editor: In their Case Record report, Singhal et al. (Aug.20 issue) 1 describe a patient with Covid-19 who presented with screaming, an inability to move, and a sudden fear of dying.She was unable to answer questions on initial evaluation, but her lethargy resolved after treatment for hypoglycemia.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an acute ischemic stroke.The patient received a diagnosis of brief psychosis due to SARS-CoV-2.Although we agree that the patient's stroke was probably related to Covid-19, we would challenge the use of the phrase "brief psychosis" to describe the presentation without further clinical description.Although the patient has a history of schizophrenia, and Covid-19 has been associated with psychosis, 2-4 there is no clear description of delusions or hallucinations to warrant the use of the term "psychosis." 5 Furthermore, her disorganization at the time of presentation was in the context of lethargy due to hypoglycemia.We suggest that the differential diagnoses for her behavior on presentation should include anxiety, panic attack, delirium, and catatonia.
Evaluation of the Cost-effectiveness of Doublet Therapy in Metastatic <i>BRAF</i> Variant Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kishan K. Patel, Stacey Stein, Jill Lacy, Mark O’Hara, Scott F. Huntington
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

The BEACON trial showed that combination therapy with encorafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and cetuximab (EGFR inhibitor) was associated with prolonged overall survival compared with standard chemotherapy in patients with metastatic BRAF variant colorectal cancer. However, the cost-effectiveness of using these agents in this clinical setting is unknown.To create a cost-effectiveness model to compare doublet therapy (encorafenib plus cetuximab) with standard chemotherapy (cetuximab plus irinotecan or cetuximab plus folinic acid, fluorouracil, and irinotecan) in treating patients with metastatic BRAF variant colorectal cancer.This economic evaluation constructed a Markov model to compare the lifetime cost and utility of doublet therapy and standard chemotherapy. Parametric survival modeling was used to extrapolate the effectiveness of each line of therapy from large clinical trials. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses assessed the uncertainty in the model. Patients mirrored the cohorts in the BEACON trial: they had metastatic BRAF variant colorectal cancer and were followed up as they progressed through multiple lines of therapy, best supportive care, and death. Data collection and data analysis were performed from November 15, 2019, to July 14, 2020.The main outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, which was calculated using the cumulative cost and effectiveness in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), of doublet therapy compared with standard chemotherapy.The model patient cohort had a mean age of 61 years, and 53% of the patients were women, 66% had 1 previous line of therapy, and 8% had high microsatellite instability. Doublet therapy was associated with an improvement of 0.15 QALYs compared with standard chemotherapy. However, the incremental cost of doublet therapy was $78 233, leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $523 374 per QALY gained. Concomitant decreases in the price of encorafenib and cetuximab are needed to achieve cost-effectiveness at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150 000 per QALY gained.This study found that doublet therapy for metastatic BRAF variant colorectal cancer was unlikely to be cost-effective under current pricing. Cost-effectiveness needs to be considered in clinical trial design, particularly when combining new therapies with non-cost-effective treatments that are coadministered without a fixed duration.
The accuracy of detecting melanoma on frozen section melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1) stains and on permanent sections of previously frozen tissue: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Mehul D. Bhatt, Allison M. Perz, Eduardo Moioli, Joseph F. Sobanko, Thuzar M. Shin, Jeremy R. Etzkorn, Rosalie Elenitsas, Emily Y. Chu, Harold W. Higgins, Cerrene N. Giordano, Stacy McMurray, Aimee Krausz, Leora Aizman, Tess M. Lukowiak, Christopher J. Miller
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
The Cardiovascular and Chronic Diseases Epidemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Global Health Challenge⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Gilles Paradis, Arnaud Chiolero
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Facing the stroke burden worldwide
Authors: Fernando Lanas, Pamela Seron
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

Age-standardised stroke incidence and mortality are declining substantially in high-income countries. However, 70% of strokes and 87% of both stroke-related deaths and disability-adjusted life-years occur in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), in which people have proportionally more haemorrhagic strokes and on average die of stroke at a younger age.1 To allocate resources to deal with stroke burden in LMICs, appropriate knowledge of local stroke incidence, risk factors, and prevalence, as well as the strength of association between these factors, is needed.