tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Step-Up Approach Of Symptomatic Pancreatic Necrotic Collections. A Need For Fine-Tuning Of The Guidelines?
Authors: B Keczer, P Miheller, M Horváth, T Marjai, L Harsányi, Á Szücs, A Szijártó, I Hritz
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Multidisciplinary step-up approach is recommended in the management of symptomatic pancreatic necrotic collections (PNC). Application of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) facilitates the transmural endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage. Subsequent debridement of necrotic material can be performed in a form of irrigation by naso-cavital drain and/or direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN). Whether to apply irrigation or DEN is unclear. Furthermore, when and “on-demand” or scheduled DEN should be carried out is also unknown. Delayed removal of the LAMS has been associated with increased risk of complications, accordingly timing of removal is also in evolution. Our aim was to fine-tune the recommendations in a form of a local protocol to improve safety and clinical efficacy of the step-up approach using LAMS.
Abstract 17612: Central GPR18 Mediates Hypotension via Enhanced PI3K/AKT-ERK1/2-nNOS Signaling and Inhibition of cAMP in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Conscious Normotensive Rats
Authors: Anusha Penumarti, Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background and objectives: Our previous studies were the first to demonstrate the anatomical expression of GPR18 in tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla ...
Pre-emptive Short-term Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Treatment in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Itaru Yasuda, Kazuhiro Hasegawa, Yusuke Sakamaki, Hirokazu Muraoka, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Ei Kusahana, Takashi Ono, Takeshi Kanda, Hirobumi Tokuyama, Shu Wakino, Hiroshi Itoh
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

The activation of NAD+-dependent deacetylase, Sirt1, by the administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) ameliorates various aging-related diseases.Diabetic db/db mice were treated with NMN transiently for 2 weeks and observed for effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN).At 14 weeks after the treatment period, NMN attenuated the increases in urinary albumin excretion in db/db mice without ameliorating hemoglobin A1c levels. Short-term NMN treatment mitigated mesangium expansion and foot process effacement, while ameliorating decreased Sirt1 expression and increased claudin-1 expression in the kidneys of db/db mice. This treatment also improved the decrease in the expression of H3K9me2 and DNMT1. Short-term NMN treatment also increased kidney concentrations of NAD+ and the expression of Sirt1 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), and it maintained nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase1 (Nmnat1) expression in the kidneys. In addition, survival rates improved after NMN treatment.Short-term NMN treatment in early-stage DN has remote renal protective effects through the upregulation of Sirt1 and activation of the NAD+ salvage pathway, both of which indicate NMN legacy effects on DN.
Effect of Coexposure to Asbestos and Kerosene Soot on Pulmonary Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme System
Authors: J. M. Arif, S. G. Khan, N. Mahmood, M. Aslam, Q. Rahman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

This article reports the effect of coexposure to Indian chrysotile asbestos (5 mg/rat) and kerosene soot (5 mg/rat) on the pulmonary phase and phase 11 drug-metabolizing enzymes 1, 4, 8, 16, 30, 90, and 150 days after a single intratracheal inoculation. Exposure to soot resulted in a significant induction of the pulmonary microsomal cytochrome P450 and the activity of dependent monooxygenase, benzo[alpyrene (B[a]P) hydroxylase, and epoxide hydrase at all time intervals. On the other hand, the cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was induced at days 1, 4, 8, 16, and 30 after exposure, followed by inhibition in the enzyme activity. In contrast, chrysotile exposure depleted cytochrome P450, B[aiP hydroxylase, epoxide hydrase, and GST at initial stages, while all these parameters except GST were induced at later stages. However, coexposure to chrysotile and soot led to a significant inhibition in the cytochrome P450 levels, activities of B[a]P hydroxylase, epoxide hydrase, and GST at initial stages of exposure. At advanced stages, however, an additional increase in cytochrome P450, B[a]P hydroxylase, and epoxide hydrase but a decrease in GST was observed. These results clearly show that the intratracheal coexposure to high levels of asbestos and kerosene soot alters the metabolic activity of the lung, which in turn may retain toxins in the system for a longer period, resulting in adverse pathological disorders. Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 5):181 -183 (1994)
Characterization of the human lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptor by photoaffinity labeling. Alterations with desensitization.
Authors: R DFeldman, C YLai
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Desensitization of the leukocyte beta-receptor system has been associated with a functional uncoupling of the components of the beta-receptor complex. In order to determine whether desensitization and uncoupling of the leukocyte beta-receptor is associated with any structural alterations in the beta-receptor, we studied labeling of lymphocytes using the photoactive beta-adrenergic antagonist p-azido-m-[125I]iodobenzylcarazolol. Labeled peptides were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and detected using autoradiographic techniques. In broken cell preparations, specific labeling was demonstrated in two major peptide bands: mol wt approximately equal to 68,000 and mol wt approximately equal to 55,000. Inhibition of photolabeling was stereospecific and demonstrated an order of potency for agonists consistent with labeling of a beta 2-receptor. Preincubation of cells with the beta-agonist, isoproterenol, resulted in a reduction in beta-adrenergic-mediated adenylate cyclase a...
Depressed beta-adrenergic receptor- and endothelium-mediated vasodilation in conscious dogs with heart failure.
Authors: KKiuchi, NSato, R PShannon, D EVatner, KMorgan, S FVatner
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Peripheral vasodilator responsiveness was examined in pacing-induced heart failure (HF) in 11 conscious dogs chronically instrumented for measurement of systemic (total peripheral resistance [TPR]) and local (iliac blood flow) vascular resistance. Dose responses to isoproterenol (ISO), acetylcholine (ACh), and nitroglycerin (NTG) were examined in the same dogs before pacing (control) and after 4 to 7 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing, which induced congestive HF, characterized by increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (6.7 +/- 0.4 [control] versus 28 +/- 1.5 [HF] mm Hg) and decreased cardiac output (-30 +/- 5%) and left ventricular dP/dt (-53 +/- 3%), as well as ascites and peripheral edema. In the control state, TPR fell by 57 +/- 2% in response to ISO (100 ng/kg), by 61 +/- 3% in response to ACh (3 micrograms/kg), and by 55 +/- 2% in response to NTG (10 micrograms/kg). In HF, smaller decreases (P < .05) in TPR were observed with the same doses of ISO (-50 +/- 2%) and ACh (-49 +/- 2%) but not ...
The Prediction Of Inadequate Colon Capsule Cleansing: A Cohort Selection Guided By CC-Clear
Authors: R de Sousa Magalhães, P Boal Carvalho, B Rosa, MJ Moreira, J Cotter
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Introduction In order to optimize the rate of adequate cleansing in colon capsule, it may be important to identify risk factors that can predict a sub-optimal colon preparation.
Internal mammary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistulas. Case report and review of the literature.
Authors: S FHearne, M KBurbank
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A case of internal mammary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula is presented, and all previously reported cases are reviewed. This represents a rare cause of a continuous precordial murmur that may be confused clinically with a patent ductus arteriosus. Patients are usually asymptomatic, and routine diagnostic tests may be of little help in establishing a diagnosis. Selective internal mammary angiography is the procedure of choice for confirmation and localization. The question of advisability of surgery for these patients remains unanswered.
Concussion in para sport: the first position statement of the Concussion in Para Sport (CIPS) Group
Authors: Richard Weiler, Cheri Blauwet, David Clarke, Kristine Dalton, Wayne Derman, Kristina Fagher, Vincent Gouttebarge, James Kissick, Kenneth Lee, Jan Lexell, Peter Van de Vliet, Evert Verhagen, Nick Webborn, Osman Hassan Ahmed
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

Concussion is a frequent injury in many sports and is also common in para athletes. However, there is a paucity of concussion research related to para sport, and prior International Concussion in Sport (CIS) consensus papers have not substantively addressed this population. To remedy this and to improve concussion care provided to para athletes, the concussion in para sport (CIPS) multidisciplinary expert group was created. This group analysed and discussed in-depth para athlete-specific issues within the established key clinical domains of the current (2017) consensus statement on CIS. Due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the group held all meetings by video conferencing. The existing Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) for the immediate on-field and office-based off-field assessment of concussion was evaluated as part of this process, to identify any para athlete-specific concerns. Regular preparticipation and periodic health examinations are essential to determine a baseline reference point for concussion symptoms but pose additional challenges for the interpreting clinician. Further considerations for concussion management for the para athlete are required within the remove, rest, reconsider and refer consensus statement framework. Considering return to sport (RTS), the 2017 CIS consensus statement has limitations when considering the RTS of the para athlete. Case-by-case decision making related to RTS following concussion is imperative for para athletes. Additional challenges exist for the evaluation and management of concussion in para athletes. There is a need for greater understanding of existing knowledge gaps and attitudes towards concussion among athlete medical staff, coaches and para athletes. Future research should investigate the use and performance of common assessment tools in the para athlete population to better guide their clinical application and inform potential modifications. Concussion prevention strategies and sport-specific rule changes, such as in Para Alpine Skiing and Cerebral Palsy Football, also should be carefully considered to reduce the occurrence of concussion in para athletes.
Low-energy endocardial defibrillation using an axillary or a pectoral thoracic electrode location.
Authors: SSaksena, PDeGroot, R BKrol, RRaju, PMathew, RMehra
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDA significant proportion of patients receiving endocardial defibrillation lead systems must accept either high defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) with lower safety margins or lead implantation by thoracotomy. We examined the feasibility of achieving universal application of endocardial leads and lower defibrillation energy requirements by optimizing the lead system location in conjunction with biphasic shocks.METHODS AND RESULTSTwo defibrillation catheter electrodes were positioned in the right ventricle and superior vena cava. Thoracic patch electrodes were placed at three sites (apical, pectoral, and axillary). Fifteen-joule, 10-J, and 5-J bidirectional simultaneous biphasic shocks were delivered across three different triple electrode configurations (right ventricle, superior vena cava, and patch) after inducing ventricular fibrillation (VF), and DFT was determined. All patients in whom VF was reproducibly inducible (14 patients) could be reproducibly defibrillated at 15 J at one or more patch ...
Catecholamine release from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells during anoxia or metabolic inhibition.
Authors: K LDry, J HPhillips, A MDart
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

A significant release of catecholamines within the heart has been observed during myocardial ischemia. Because this can be markedly inhibited by amine-uptake-blocking agents, it has been suggested that its mechanism is a carrier-mediated efflux from neurons, which is not operative under normal conditions. The present work examined this release process in chromaffin cells isolated from the bovine adrenal medulla, a model system for studying the sympathetic nervous system. Chromaffin cells in primary culture retained normal secretory responses for up to 7 days. Conditions designed to mimic ischemia, that is, anoxia or metabolic inhibition, resulted in a significant release of catecholamines. This release was shown to be independent of extracellular calcium but, in contrast to the release observed in ischemic hearts, was not inhibited by amine-uptake blockers. Electrophoresis with immunoblotting demonstrated that significant levels of the chromaffin granule protein, chromogranin A, were released during metab...
Endoscopic Therapy For Zenker’s Diverticulum With Articulated Bipolar Sealing And Cut Device
Authors: A Fernandez-Simon, H Cordova, J Llach, O Sendino
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

We present a 79-year-old woman complaining of severe dysphagia for liquids and solids, regurgitation, odynophagia, and weight loss (Eckardt score 11) with a diagnosis of Zenker’s diverticulum. A flexible endoscopic diverticulotomy was successfully performed using a bipolar sealing and cut device, with the aid of a diverticuloscope. In this video, we show this technique step by step, including the management of a suspected complication during the procedure.
From the authors
Authors: J. Zielinski, M. Bednarek, D. Gorecka
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

We thank N.H. Chavannes and T.R.J. Schermer for their interest in our recent article 1. The letter is an important contribution to the ongoing discussion on spirometry testing in primary care for the diagnosis and management of chronic lung diseases 2. The study by Schermer et al. 3 found that spirometry testing in the primary care setting was of comparable quality to spirometry testing in a hospital-based lung function laboratory.

We congratulate Schermer et al . 3 on their excellent and, up to now, difficult to reproduce results. Several factors favoured good comparability of the results in their study. All subjects had a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and had previous experience with spirometry testing. All subjects were first tested …
Evaluation of left ventricular mechanical restitution in closed-chest dogs based on single-beat elastance.
Authors: G LFreeman, J TColston
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The mechanical restitution of the left ventricle of closed-chest dogs was modeled as a monoexponential relation, using peak single-beat elastance as a measure of contractile strength. Data were obtained from nine dogs chronically instrumented with three sets of piezoelectric diameter gauges to assess ventricular volume and high-fidelity manometers to measure pressure. Mechanical restitution curves were obtained during both atrial and ventricular pacing in six dogs. The time constant of mechanical restitution was 64.3 +/- 11.4 msec for atrial and 122.2 +/- 26.3 msec for ventricular paced runs (p less than 0.01). These values are smaller than those previously reported from isolated hearts or isolated muscle segments. Although the time of onset of mechanical restitution was longer for atrial than for ventricular runs (255.1 +/- 14.3 versus 225.1 +/- 9.6 msec, p less than 0.05), the plateau to which mechanical function rose was not different. During ventricular pacing, fusion beats were noted in four dogs. Th...
Atherosclerotic narrowing of the left main coronary artery. A necropsy analysis of 152 patients with fatal coronary heart disease and varying degrees of left main narrowing.
Authors: B HBulkley, W CRoberts
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Histologic sections of the left main (LM) and the other three major coronary arteries were studied in 152 patients. The lumen of the LM in 35 patients was greater than 75% narrowed; in thirty, 50-75%; and in 87, less than 50% narrowed. The patients with greater than 75% narrowing were younger. Angina pectoris and hyperlipoproteinemia, specifically type II, were more common (P less than 0.02) and acute transmural and healed subendocardial myocardial infarcts were less frequent (P less than 0.05) in the patients with greater 75% LM narrowing than in those with less than 50% narrowing. Of the three other major coronary arteries, the average number narrowed in the patients with greater than 75% LM narrowing was 2.9; in those with 50-75% LM narrowing 2.7, and in those with less than 50% LM narrowing, 2.4. Of the 35 patients with greater than 75% LM narrowing, 33 had greater than 75% luminal narrowing of each of the other three major coronary arteries. Narrowing of the LM, therefore, indicates severe narrowing ...
Distribution of coronary artery flow to the canine right atrium and sinoatrial node.
Authors: C WWhite, M LMarcus, F MAbboud
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

We assessed segmental distribution of blood flow to the right atrium and the region of the sinoatrial node using micropheres (7-10 mum) in 20 anesthetized dogs. Mean right atrial flow averaged 83+/-7 (SE) ml/min X 100 g, which was 56% of the left ventricular blood flow. The distribution of right atrial flow was not homogeneous. For example, flow to anterior right atriaater (105+/-8 ml/min X 100 g) than mean right atrial flow. Following ligation of the sinus node artery, perfusion of the segment containing the sinus node decreased by only 36%. Relative preservation of perfusion to the sinus node following sinus node artery ligation may explain why ligation of the sinus node artery does not alter heart rate. Furthermore, we also found that cannulation and pump perfusion of the sinus node artery at pressures 10 and 50 mm Hg greater than systolic pressure did not alter the distribution of right atrial flow. Thus, because cannulation and perfusion of the sinus node artery do not artifactually distort regional ...
Change in lentigo maligna score assessed by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy after 1 month of imiquimod treatment for lentigo maligna management
Authors: Anouk Soenen, Morgane Vourc'h, Amir Khammari, Jean-Michel Nguyen, Céline Bossard, Marie Denis Musquer, Béatrice Vergier, Brigitte Dréno
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: J B Leikin, J C Clifton, P K Hanashiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

A 39-year-old female executive has a several-month history of fatigue, headache, and memory lapse. Multiple specialists have performed evaluations, but no diagnosis has been established. During a period of feeling worse than usual, she called a friend, who arrived at the residence to find the woman semicomatose and called 911. The patient was given supplemental oxygen and transported to the emergency department, where she is alert and has nonfocal findings on examination. Her carboxy-hemoglobin level is 18%. How should she be treated? What is the expected outcome?
Response to Comment on Thomsen et al. Incretin-Based Therapy and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study. Diabetes Care 2015;38:1089–1098
Authors: Reimar Wernich Thomsen, Lars Pedersen, Niels Møller, Johnny Kahlert, Henning Beck-Nielsen, Henrik Toft Sørensen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

We thank Smits et al. (1) for their interest and kind comments on our recent study in Diabetes Care on the risk of acute pancreatitis (AP) associated with use of incretin-based therapies and other glucose-lowering drugs (2).

We generally agree with our Dutch colleagues’ thoughtful and cautious comments. We would rather not make any firm conclusions—let alone health care guidelines—based on a single study. Nonetheless, several large epidemiological studies have yielded remarkably similar results by now, finding no evidence for a specific association between incretin-based therapies and AP, with relative risks of AP close to 1.0 when comparing users of incretin-based and other glucose-lowering drugs (3). Remarkably, metformin, with its different mode of glucose-lowering action, conferred the same risk for AP as did incretin-based therapies in …
Operation Warp Speed: implications for global vaccine security
Authors: Jerome H Kim, Peter Hotez, Carolina Batista, Onder Ergonul, J Peter Figueroa, Sarah Gilbert, Mayda Gursel, Mazen Hassanain, Gagandeep Kang, Bhavna Lall, Heidi Larson, Denise Naniche, Timothy Sheahan, Shmuel Shoham, Annelies Wilder-Smith, Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft, Prashant Yadav, Maria Elena Bottazzi
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

<h2>Summary</h2> Several global efforts are underway to develop COVID-19 vaccines, and interim analyses from phase 3 clinical testing have been announced by nine organisations: Pfizer, the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm Group, Sinovac Biotech, Johnson & Johnson, Novavax, and CanSino Biologics. The US programme known as Operation Warp Speed provided US$18 billion in funding for development of vaccines that were intended for US populations. Depending on safety and efficacy, vaccines can become available through mechanisms for emergency use, expanded access with informed consent, or full licensure. An important question is: how will these Operation Warp Speed vaccines be used for COVID-19 prevention in global health settings? We address some key questions that arise in the transition from US to global vaccine prevention efforts and from ethical and logistical issues to those that are relevant to global vaccine security, justice, equity, and diplomacy.
Double-blind, dose-response, placebo-controlled multicenter study of nisoldipine. A new second-generation calcium channel blocker in angina pectoris.
Authors: UThadani, S RZellner, SGlasser, NBittar, RMontoro, A BMiller, BChaitman, PSchulman, AStahl, RDiBianco
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDNisoldipine is a potent 1:4 dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, and doses of 5 or 10 mg administered either once or twice daily have been claimed to exert antianginal effects. There is, however, little information regarding the dose-response relation and whether the drug exerts any consistent effects throughout the dosing interval. In this placebo-controlled, parallel-design study, the dose-response relation of monotherapy with nisoldipine administered twice daily was studied in patients with stable angina pectoris.METHODS AND RESULTSTwo hundred thirty-one patients received single-blind placebo for 2 weeks; of these, 185 patients who reproducibly stopped treadmill exercise because of angina of moderate severity and had greater than or equal to 1 mm ST segment depression during exercise and experienced an average of three episodes of anginal attacks per week were randomized in a double-blind manner to one of the four treatment groups: placebo (n = 48), nisoldipine 2.5 mg (n = 47), nisoldi...