tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
이번 호의 간 병리 : 만성 이식편대숙주질환
Authors: 진소영 ( So Young Jin )
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2004)

성인에서 담즙정체가 나타나고 간조직검사상 소엽사이담관의 소실이 있을 때 고려해야 할 질환으로는 일차성 담즙성 간경변증, 일차성 경화성 담관염, 만성 이식거부반응, 이식편대숙주질환(graft versus host disease, 이하 GVHD), 약제로 인한 담관소실, 원발 성인 담관소실(idiopathic adulthood ductopenia) 등을 들 수 있다. 이 중 이식과 관련 있는 만성 이식거부반응과 만성 GVHD는 원발 담즙성 간경변증에서의 변
The promise of machine learning in predicting treatment outcomes in psychiatry
Authors: Adam M. Chekroud, Julia Bondar, Jaime Delgadillo, Gavin Doherty, Akash Wasil, Marjolein Fokkema, Zachary Cohen, Danielle Belgrave, Robert DeRubeis, Raquel Iniesta, Dominic Dwyer, Karmel Choi
Journal: World Psychiatry (2021)

For many years, psychiatrists have tried to understand factors involved in response to medications or psychotherapies, in order to personalize their treatment choices. There is now a broad and growing interest in the idea that we can develop models to personalize treatment decisions using new statistical approaches from the field of machine learning and applying them to larger volumes of data. In this pursuit, there has been a paradigm shift away from experimental studies to confirm or refute specific hypotheses towards a focus on the overall explanatory power of a predictive model when tested on new, unseen datasets. In this paper, we review key studies using machine learning to predict treatment outcomes in psychiatry, ranging from medications and psychotherapies to digital interventions and neurobiological treatments. Next, we focus on some new sources of data that are being used for the development of predictive models based on machine learning, such as electronic health records, smartphone and social media data, and on the potential utility of data from genetics, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and cognitive testing. Finally, we discuss how far the field has come towards implementing prediction tools in real-world clinical practice. Relatively few retrospective studies to-date include appropriate external validation procedures, and there are even fewer prospective studies testing the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of predictive models. Applications of machine learning in psychiatry face some of the same ethical challenges posed by these techniques in other areas of medicine or computer science, which we discuss here. In short, machine learning is a nascent but important approach to improve the effectiveness of mental health care, and several prospective clinical studies suggest that it may be working already.
Abstract 12622: Pro-inflammatory Urinary CXCL10 and VCAM Are Elevated After Infant Cardiac Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Authors: Daniella Levy- Erez, Lokesh Shah, Kathryn D Howarth, Sherin Meloni, Benjamin Laskin, Kathleen E Sullivan, Joshua J BLINDER
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently after infant cardiac surgery and is associated with mortality. AKI mechanisms are unknown, limiting therapeutic targets. Emerging data implicates unregulated immune activation and AKI development. Hypothesis: Urinary immune biomarkers will be elevated in the urine of infants developing AKI. Methods: One hundred and twenty six infants were enrolled (median age 87 days, 74% male). Urine samples were collected pre-bypass and 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. Urine samples underwent multiplex Luminex assays to detect six immune biomarkers: VCAM, CXCL10, MCP, IL-18, TWEAK, and C5-C9. Greater than 150% increase in serum creatinine defined AKI. The Kruskal-Wallis rank test determined the relationship between AKI and biomarker levels. Results: Thirty-five infants (27%) developed AKI. AKI subjects were younger (median 6 days (4-98) vs no AKI 107 days (7-164), p&lt;0.01). The AKI group had more complex surgery (STAT 4-5) (60% AKI vs 19% no AKI, p&lt;0.01). Bypass time was longer among the AKI group ((81 min vs 69 min (p&lt;0.01)).AKI infants had higher urinary CXCL10 levels at 24 hours (14.3 pg/ml vs 5.3 pg/ml p=0.04), 48 hours (3.4 pg/ml vs 0.75 pg/ml p=0.01), and 72 hours (1.15 pg/ml vs 0.22 pg/ml p=0.05) (Figure 1). Six-hour VCAM levels were higher among AKI infants (Median 491 pg/ml vs 0 pg/ml p=0.04). Other biomarkers showed no significant differences between groups. (Table1). Conclusions: Urinary CXCL10 and VCAM are promising pro-inflammatory biomarkers for early AKI detection and may indicate eventual AKI therapeutic targets.
Abstract MP43: Breast Milk-dependent Associations Of Infant Gut Microbiota With Childhood BMI Z Score
Authors: Moira K Differding, Juliette Madan, Diane Gilbert-Diamond, Emily Baker, Margaret R Karagas, Noel T Mueller
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children ages 2-5 years continues to rise in the US. Experimental germ-free animal models indicate gut microbiota can cause excess weight gain. Observational human studies, mostly cross-sectional, also suggest gut microbiota is associated with obesity, but these studies have largely been conducted in older children and adults. Infants have a unique gut microbiota composition and function, under strong influence by human milk. Bifidobacteria, in particular, is hypothesized to be beneficial in the presence of human milk oligosaccharides. To our knowledge, no longitudinal studies have examined the association of the infant gut microbiota with childhood BMI, taking into account intake of human milk. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that infant gut microbiota composition, in particular relative abundance of Bifidobacteria, in the first year is prospectively associated with differences in child BMI from ages 2-5 years and associations are modified by duration of human milk feeding. Methods: We examined longitudinal data from mother-child dyads in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort, which began enrolling pregnant women from New Hampshire in 2009. We measured the infant gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing at 6 weeks and 12 months of age. We estimated alpha diversity using the Shannon diversity index. Child BMI z scores (BMI-z) at 2-5 years of age were calculated using sex- and age-specific WHO growth charts. We used unadjusted and multivariable adjusted linear mixed models. We adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, birth weight, delivery mode, and infant BMI-z at 12 months (in 12-month microbiota models). We considered effect measure modification by breastfeeding duration. Results: Our analytic sample comprised 148 and 146 infants with microbiota data at 6 weeks and 12 months, respectively, and at least 1 BMI-z from ages 2-5 years. Shannon diversity at 6 weeks and 12 months of age, and top genera at 6 weeks were not significantly associated with child BMI-z. Abundance of 12-month Bifidobacterium was associated with lower BMI-z (-0.12; 95% CI (-0.25, 0.006)) and interacted with breastfeeding duration (p interaction &lt;0.01); among infants consuming breast milk ≥6 months Bifidobacterium was associated with a 0.22 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.37) lower child BMI-z. Lower abundance of 12-month Prevotella , a bacteria linked to obesity in adults, was suggestively associated with lower child BMI-z and this association was also modified by breastfeeding duration (p interaction=0.01), such that it was only significant among infants breastfed &lt; 6 months (0.34; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.60). Both interactions were consistent when breastfeeding duration was dichotomized at 12 months. Conclusion: Higher percent Bifidobacterium and lower Prevotella at 12 months was prospectively associated with lower childhood BMI-z, and both associations were modified by breastfeeding duration.
Ibrutinib, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and obinutuzumab (iFCG) regimen for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with mutated IGHV and without TP53 aberrations
Authors: Nitin Jain, Philip Thompson, Jan Burger, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Koichi Takahashi, Zeev Estrov, Gautam Borthakur, Prithviraj Bose, Tapan Kadia, Naveen Pemmaraju, Koji Sasaki, Marina Konopleva, Elias Jabbour, Naveen Garg, Xuemei Wang, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Keyur Patel, Wei Wang, Jeffrey Jorgensen, Sa Wang, Wanda Lopez, Ana Ayala, William Plunkett, Varsha Gandhi, Hagop Kantarjian, Susan O’Brien, Michael Keating, William G. Wierda
Journal: Leukemia (2021)
Abstract 16603: Appropriate Timing of Pacemaker Implantation in Patients With Wild-Type and Variant Amyloidogenic Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Yusei Kawahara, Miwa Ito, Tadashi Hoshiyama, Hisanori Kanazawa, Kenichi Tsujita
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background and Objectives: It has been shown that cardiac conduction disorders can be seen in patients with wild-type amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTRwt) and variant ATTR (ATTRv) cardiac amyloidosis. However, its appropriate timing of pacemaker implantation has not been clarified yet. Methods and Results: The consecutive 100 patients with ATTRwt cardiac amyloidosis who diagnosed by myocardium biopsy and/or technetium-99m-pyrophosphate scintigraphy and 62 patients with ATTRv cardiac amyloidosis who diagnosed by means of genetic screening were included in this study. In patients with ATTRwt cardiac amyloidosis, 21 patients have normal conduction at the time of diagnosis. However, conduction disorder had seen in only 5 patient (first degree atrioventricular block (AVB); 4 patients, complete AVB; 1 patients) and only one patient underwent cardiac implantable electric device (CIED) implantation during follow-up period. On the other hand, in patients with ATTRv cardiac amyloidosis, 36 patients have normal conduction at the time of diagnosis. However, conduction disorder had seen in 13 patient (first degree AVB; 8 patients, second degree AVB; 3 patients, trifascicular block; 1 patients, complete AVB; 1 patients) (5/21 vs 13/36, p=0.335) and 6 patients underwent CIED implantation during follow-up period (1/21 vs 6/36, p=0.186). Furthermore, in ATTRwt cardiac amyloidosis, 10 patients (first degree AVB; 2 patients, second degree AVB; 1 patient, trifascicular block; 7 patients) had underwent CIED implantation because of cardiac conduction disorders and/or prevention of sudden cardiac death. However, only 4 patients with trifascicular block progressed to complete AVB.On the other hand, In ATTRv cardiac amyloidosis, 14 patients (first degree AVB; 2 patients, second degree AVB; 4 patient, trifascicular block; 8 patients) had underwent CIED implantation for same reason. However, only 3 patients with trifascicular block progressed to complete AVB. Conclusions: Patients with ATTRv cardiac amyloidosis were more likely to progress conduction disorders than those with ATTRwt cardiac amyloidosis. However, prophylactic pacemaker implantation might had not need in both ATTRwt and ATTRv patients with first or second degree AVB.
Accurate and reproducible diagnosis of peanut allergy using epitope mapping
Authors: Mayte Suárez‐Fariñas, Maria Suprun, Paul Kearney, Robert Getts, Galina Grishina, Clive Hayward, David Luta, Alex Porter, Marc Witmer, George du Toit, Gideon Lack, Rebecca Sharon Chinthrajah, Stephen J. Galli, Kari Nadeau, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Abstract Background Accurate diagnosis of peanut allergy is a significant clinical challenge. Here, a novel diagnostic blood test using the peanut bead‐based epitope assay (“peanut BBEA”) was developed utilizing the LEAP cohort and then validated using two independent cohorts. Methods The development of the peanut BBEA diagnostic test followed the National Academy of Medicine's established guidelines with discovery performed on 133 subjects from the non‐interventional arm of the LEAP trial and an independent validation performed on 82 subjects from the CoFAR2 and 84 subjects from the POISED study. All samples were analyzed using the peanut BBEA methodology, which measures levels of IgE to two Ara h 2 sequential (linear) epitopes and compares their combination to a threshold pre‐specified in the model development phase. When a patient has an inconclusive outcome by skin prick testing (or sIgE), IgE antibody levels to this combination of two epitopes can distinguish whether the patient is “Allergic” or “Not Allergic.” Diagnoses of peanut allergy in all subjects were confirmed by double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge and subjects’ ages were 7–55 years. Results In the validation using CoFAR2 and POISED cohorts, the peanut BBEA diagnostic test correctly diagnosed 93% of the subjects, with a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 94%, a positive predictive value of 91%, and negative predictive value of 95%. Conclusions In validation of the peanut BBEA diagnostic test, the overall accuracy was found to be superior to existing diagnostic tests for peanut allergy including skin prick testing, peanut sIgE, and peanut component sIgE testing.
Abstract P082: Racial/ethnical Disparities In The Utilization Of Telehealth Services Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Atrial Fibrillation Before The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jingchuan Guo, Nico Gabriel, Jared W Magnani, Utibe Essien, Walid Gellad, Maria M Brooks, Ludovic Trinquart, Emelia J Benjamin, Inmaculada Hernandez
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Telemedicine facilitates continued access to care for management of chronic diseases while preventing exposure to health care facilities; however, reliance on telemedicine may exacerbate disparities based on the persistent digital divide. Documenting racial variation in the uptake of telemedicine is crucial to understand the potential aggravation of health care access inequities in the era of COVID-19. We used a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries with atrial fibrillation (AF) to quantify racial disparities in telehealth utilization before the COVID-19 pandemic. Hypothesis: Black patients are less likely to be engaged with telehealth services than White patients. Methods: Using a 5% random sample of Medicare claims data, we extracted telehealth visits in 2016 using modifiers GT, 95, and GQ and place of service code 2 in medical claims. We used multivariate Poisson models to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) comparing the number of telehealth visits across White, Black, and patients of other races. Results: Among 135,164 patients with AF, 404 (0.3%) had a total of 1420 telehealth visits in 2016. After adjusting for age, sex, AF duration, rurality, CHA2DS2-VASc score, Alzheimer's disease, use of direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin, and receipt of low-income subsidy, Black were 60% less likely than White to receive telehealth services (IRR 0.4 [0.3, 0.5]), and the ‘others’ group were 70% less likely to receive telehealth services (0.3 [0.2, 0.5]). Among rural residents, however, the racial difference in telehealth use was only seen in Black (0.4 [0.2, 0.6]) but not in the ‘others’ group (0.9 [0.6, 1.4]). The gap in telehealth use between White and Black was larger among those with higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores ( Figure) . Conclusion: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth service use was rare overall in patients with AF. However, Black patients, especially those with increased stroke risk, were still significantly less likely to have access to telemedicine than White patients.
Abstract 15250: The Correlation Between the Amounts of Exosomes and Functional Parameters of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in the Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Sheng Nan Chang, Chia-Ju Liu, Jien-jiun Chen, Wen-Pin Hsiao, Yao-De Jhong, Yi-Cheng Chang, Jou-Wei Lin, Juey-Jen Hwang
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Exosomes were found to be involved in the pathophysiological process of coronary artery disease (CAD). The study investigated the relationship of the exosome amounts and imaging markers of myocardial perfusion in patients with CAD. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from patients who had more than 70% luminal stenosis of coronary arteries on coronary angiography. Plasma exosomes were extracted by chemical precipitation and flow cytometry (CytoFLEX BB10068). Further confirmation of exosome surface markers was performed by Western blot. The myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) of single photon emission computed tomography performed less than 6 months before coronary angiography were retrospectively reviewed. Perfusion deficits of MPI were scored visually by a nuclear medicine physician. Functional parameters of MPI were generated from gated images by QPS/QGS software (Cedars-Sinai), including ejection fraction (EF), diastolic function, shape index of heart, etc. The amounts of exosomes were correlated with the perfusion deficits and functional parameters of MPI using Spearman’s correlation. Comparison of the exosome amounts between patients with normal or abnormal functional parameters was performed by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Exosome amounts and MPI images from 40 patients with CAD were analyzed. Exosome amounts have poor correlation with perfusion and functional parameters of MPI (all R value &lt;0.5). However, patients with abnormal post-stress ejection fraction (&lt;50%) had significantly higher amounts of exosome in size of 100nm and 100 to 200nm ( p = 0.046, 0.030, respectively). The mean amounts of exosome in size of 100nm and 100 to 200nm were 67793.8 ± 45498.3 and 19394.1 ± 10995.9 million particle/ml in patients with abnormal EF, compared to 43885.0 ± 24678.4 and 13604.2 ± 8381.3 million particle/ml in patients with normal EF. Conclusions: CAD patients with abnormal systolic function have increasing amounts of exosomes. Exosomes may participate in the dysfunction process of ischemic heart disease. The exact casual relationship and mechanism needs further investigation.
Nicotine-Induced ILF2 Facilitates Nuclear mRNA Export of Pluripotency Factors to Promote Stemness and Chemoresistance in Human Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Yue Li, Meng Wang, Muwen Yang, Yunyun Xiao, Yunting Jian, Dongni Shi, Xiangfu Chen, Ying Ouyang, Lingzhi Kong, Xinjian Huang, Jiewen Bai, Yameng Hu, Chuyong Lin, Libing Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Balancing mRNA nuclear export kinetics with its nuclear decay is critical for mRNA homeostasis control. How this equilibrium is aberrantly disrupted in esophageal cancer to acquire cancer stem cell properties remains unclear. Here we find that the RNA-binding protein interleukin enhancer binding factor 2 (ILF2) is robustly upregulated by nicotine, a major chemical component of tobacco smoke, via activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling and significantly correlates with poor prognosis in heavy-smoking patients with esophageal cancer. ILF2 bound the THO complex protein THOC4 as a regulatory cofactor to induce selective interactions with pluripotency transcription factor mRNAs to promote their assembly into export-competent messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes. ILF2 facilitated nuclear mRNA export and inhibited hMTR4-mediated exosomal degradation to promote stabilization and expression of SOX2, NANOG, and SALL4, resulting in enhanced stemness and tumor-initiating capacity of esophageal cancer cells. Importantly, inducible depletion of ILF2 significantly increased the therapeutic efficiency of cisplatin and abrogated nicotine-induced chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. These findings reveal a novel role of ILF2 in nuclear mRNA export and maintenance of cancer stem cells and open new avenues to overcome smoking-mediated chemoresistance in esophageal cancer. Significance: This study defines a previously uncharacterized role of nicotine-regulated ILF2 in facilitating nuclear mRNA export to promote cancer stemness, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy against nicotine-induced chemoresistance in esophageal cancer.
Double-pigtail plastic stent is effective as a rescue therapy after obstruction of choledochoduodenostomy using a lumen-apposing metal stent
Authors: Jérémie Albouys, Sophie Geyl, Benjamin Redelsperger, Véronique Loustaud-Ratti, Romain Legros, Mathieu Pioche, Jérémie Jacques
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided choledochoduodenostomy using a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) is an effective alternative when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography fails or is impossible [1] [2] [3]. However, although the technique opens up new therapeutic possibilities, it is also associated with new complications, such as obstruction, for which an optimal treatment has not yet been clearly established [4].
JunB is a key regulator of multiple myeloma bone marrow angiogenesis
Authors: Fengjuan Fan, Stefano Malvestiti, Sonia Vallet, Judith Lind, Jose Manuel Garcia-Manteiga, Eugenio Morelli, Qinyue Jiang, Anja Seckinger, Dirk Hose, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Andreas Stadlbauer, Chunyan Sun, Heng Mei, Martin Pecherstorfer, Latifa Bakiri, Erwin F. Wagner, Giovanni Tonon, Martin Sattler, Yu Hu, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Dirk Jaeger, Klaus Podar
Journal: Leukemia (2021)

Abstract Bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis significantly influences disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients and correlates with adverse prognosis. The present study shows a statistically significant correlation of the AP-1 family member JunB with VEGF, VEGFB, and IGF1 expression levels in MM. In contrast to the angiogenic master regulator Hif-1α, JunB protein levels were independent of hypoxia. Results in tumor-cell models that allow the induction of JunB knockdown or JunB activation, respectively, corroborated the functional role of JunB in the production and secretion of these angiogenic factors (AFs). Consequently, conditioned media derived from MM cells after JunB knockdown or JunB activation either inhibited or stimulated in vitro angiogenesis. The impact of JunB on MM BM angiogenesis was finally confirmed in a dynamic 3D model of the BM microenvironment, a xenograft mouse model as well as in patient-derived BM sections. In summary, in continuation of our previous study (Fan et al., 2017), the present report reveals for the first time that JunB is not only a mediator of MM cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance, but also a promoter of AF transcription and consequently of MM BM angiogenesis. Our results thereby underscore worldwide efforts to target AP-1 transcription factors such as JunB as a promising strategy in MM therapy.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN YOUNGER BLACK WOMEN: RESULTS FROM THE 10,000 WOMEN COMMUNITY SCREENING PROJECT
Authors: Nishant Vatsa, Laura Buendia, Aneesha Thobani, Karleigh Murphy, Zhenchao Chen, Yi-An Ko, Puja Mehta, Gina Lundberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Photoactivatable nanogenerators of reactive species for cancer therapy
Authors: Xiaohua Zheng, Yilan Jin, Xiao Liu, Tianqing Liu, Weiqi Wang, Haijun Yu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

In recent years, reactive species-based cancer therapies have attracted tremendous attention due to their simplicity, controllability, and effectiveness. Herein, we overviewed the state-of-art advance for photo-controlled generation of highly reactive radical species with nanomaterials for cancer therapy. First, we summarized the most widely explored reactive species, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide radical anion (O
총회구연 : 컨벤션홀 ; B형간염 콩 항체 단독 양성자에서 B형간염백신의 효용성에 대한 전향적 연구
Authors: Jaejun Shim, Byung Ho Kim, Kyung Yup Kim, Sang Oh Lee, Young Ju Lee, Sung Hyung Ha, Young Hwangbo, Jae Young Jang, Seok Ho Dong, Hyo Jong Kim, Young Woon Chang, Rin Chang
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2008)