tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lectures on the Practice of Medicine
Authors: C. Murchison
Journal: BMJ (1872)

flamzed Part.-7.Varieties.-8.Treatment.I. Deflnzi/ion.-Inflammation of a tissue consists in the increased trans- rdation into it of materials from the blood, and an alteration of its nutrition, consequent on some irritation.Many definitions of inflammation have been given by different writers.It was long taught that inflammation consisted essentially in an exudation of lymph, which inight either become organised, or soften into pus.This definition, however, is not applicable to all forms of inflammation; for, although in some the matter transuded from the minute vessels does take the form of lymph, yet lymph is rarely seen in inflammation of mucous membranes, of brain, and of cartilage.Nor can inflammation be defined as a local hyperaemia with stasis of blood in the capillaries; for, although these phenomena are common in inflammation, it has been shown that, even in vascular tissues, exuda- tion of liquor sanguinis, although favoured by increased arterial afflux, may occur without it; and, moreover, we know that inflammation may take place in tissues which are non-vascular, the increased supplies being then drawn from the vessels of the adjacent parts.The definition which I have now placed before you is most in harmony with our present knowledge of the subject.ii. Etymology.
Aberrant Developmental Patterns of Gamma-Band Response and Long-Range Communication Disruption in Youths With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Valentina Mancini, Vincent Rochas, Martin Seeber, Nicolas Roehri, Tonia A. Rihs, Victor Ferat, Maude Schneider, Peter J. Uhlhaas, Stephan Eliez, Christoph M. Michel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2022)

Brain oscillations play a pivotal role in synchronizing responses of local and global ensembles of neurons. Patients with schizophrenia exhibit impairments in oscillatory response, which are thought to stem from abnormal maturation during critical developmental stages. Studying individuals at genetic risk for psychosis, such as 22q11.2 deletion carriers, from childhood to adulthood may provide insights into developmental abnormalities.The authors acquired 106 consecutive T1-weighted MR images and 40-Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) with high-density (256 channel) EEG in a group of 58 22q11.2 deletion carriers and 48 healthy control subjects. ASSRs were analyzed with 1) time-frequency analysis using Morlet wavelet decomposition, 2) intertrial phase coherence (ITPC), and 3) theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling estimated in the source space between brain regions activated by the ASSRs. Additionally, volumetric analyses were performed with FreeSurfer. Subanalyses were conducted in deletion carriers who endorsed psychotic symptoms and in subgroups with different age bins.Deletion carriers had decreased theta and late-latency 40-Hz ASSRs and phase synchronization compared with control subjects. Deletion carriers with psychotic symptoms displayed a further reduction of gamma-band response, decreased ITPC, and decreased top-down modulation of gamma-band response in the auditory cortex. Reduced gamma-band response was correlated with the atrophy of auditory cortex in individuals with psychotic symptoms. In addition, a linear increase of theta and gamma power from childhood to adulthood was found in control subjects but not in deletion carriers.The results suggest that while all deletion carriers exhibit decreased gamma-band response, more severe local and long-range communication abnormalities are associated with the emergence of psychotic symptoms and gray matter loss. Additionally, the lack of age-related changes in deletion carriers indexes a potential developmental impairment in circuits underlying the maturation of neural oscillations during adolescence. The progressive disruption of gamma-band response in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome supports a developmental perspective toward understanding and treating psychotic disorders.
Age-Adjusted Survival Extrapolations—Results May Differ From Those Generated by the Weibull Model
Authors: Andrea Messori, Daniele Mengato, Marco Chiumente
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Hypercalciuria
Authors: A W SMITH, C L MCILWAINE
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Normal subjects rarely excrete more than 400 mg. of calcium in the urine in 24 hours, and usually the amount is less than 250 mg. in women and 300 mg. in men.In an adult with a normal turnover of calcium the amount excreted in the urine is equal to the amount absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.The urinary excretion of calcium is partly dependent on the intake in the diet, because the absorption of calcium in the intestine increases as the dietary intake increases.Nevertheless, the increase of calcium excreted in the urine may not correspond to the increase in the diet.Thus a rise in calcium intake from 500 to 2,000 mg.daily may increase the urinary excretion by only 100 mg., from 150 to 250 mg. daily.'A raised level of calcium in the urine is found in about one-third of patients with calcium-containing renal stones.2A cause for hypercalciuria may be found in about one-quarter of all cases.2 3 In many instances the underlying cause can be treated and the potential danger of nephrocalcinosis and formation of stones in the kidney with obstruction of the urinary tract and renal damage can be avoided.Hyper- calciuria accompanies hypercalcaemia when renal function is good, and hence it is usually found in primary hyperpara- thyroidism.The latter is characterized by a high level of calcium in the plasma which does not fall to normal after the administration of cortisone or, better, hydrocortisone.The association of a low concentration of phosphorus in the plasma and a raised or normnal alkaline phosphatase depends on whether bone disease is present or not.5The treatment is
Congenital syphilis increases in the USA
Authors: Roxanne Nelson
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2022)

As of July 29, 2021, 2022 infants born in 2020 in the USA have been reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as having congenital syphilis. It is likely that this number will further increase when the final reporting is completed; however, it already surpasses the 1870 cases identified in 2019 and is the highest case count since 1994. Not only are cases increasing but so is the geographical spread. In 2010, 846 (28%) of all 3006 US counties reported at least one case of syphilis in women aged 15–44 years; by 2019, the number of counties had grown to 1568 (50%).
Relationship of Autonomic Nervous System to "Functional" Obstruction of Intestinal Tract: Report of Four Cases, One with Perforation
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pancreatic inflammation and cancer
Authors: Singh Sm, Kennedy Hj, Dnl Depts
Journal: Gut (1992)

rransient hyperamylasaemiap accurtin 15-70% of patients after ERCP although acute pancreatitis (AP) develops in o;u' 1-5%.At present no means of preventing these changes exist.erbutaline, a B-agonist,is known to inhibit increases in sicrovascular permeability induced by histamine.We postula- ted that by this mechanism terbutaline might inhibit post- ERCP hyperenzyaemias.METHODS:A randomised prospective doubl blind study was performed.Patients randomised to receive erbutaline (group 1) were-given 0.25mg sc with the premed- cation and again 4 hours after ERCP.Controls (group 2) received an identical injection containing an equivalent olume of saline at the same times.Venous blood was sampled efore (A),immediately after ERCP (B) and the next day (C).t was analysed for its amylase and trypsin content.
Human lifespan is linked to truncating variants in single genes
Journal: Nature Aging (2022)

Human lifespan is linked to truncating variants in single genesLife expectancy is partially determined by an individual's genetic make-up.Whole-exome sequencing analysis of >350,000 UK Biobank participants revealed that protein-truncating variants in four genes, BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM and TET2, are negatively associated with human lifespan.Phenome-wide analyses confirm roles for these genes in cancer and clonal hematopoiesis.
Adrenaline Necrosis
Authors: G. Leslie, D. McPhee
Journal: BMJ (1953)

and ConclusionsThe results of a trial of ethopropazine in the treatment of cerebral palsy are recorded.Ten children with various types of cerebral palsy were given ethopropazine and a comparable group of nine children received lactose control tablets.There was an improvement of 23.3% in the children treated with ethopropazine, but a similar improvement occurred in those who received only lactose tablets.No evidence of a special effect of ethopropazine on any type of cerebral palsy or on any specific ability was obtained.It is therefore concluded that ethopropazine is of no value in the treatment of cerebral palsy.This trial was carried out under the auspices of the Scottish Council for the Care of Spastics.I wish to thank the staff of Westerlea School for their willing co-operation and Messrs. May and Baker Ltd. for generously supplying the lysivane.
Penicillin Encephalopathy
Authors: E S Spencer, P E Skov, H E Hansen
Journal: BMJ (1967)

logical findings.Forty-three cases were not x-rayed, and 10 had negative radiological findings.In contrast with this, Hutchinson's cases all had positive radiological findings.We have studied 415 infants with respira- tory distress since August 1963.Of these,
Real-world outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes (PWD2) and renal impairment receiving insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) and insulin degludec 100U/mL or 200U/mL (IDeg): the DELIVER-R study
Authors: Timothy Bailey, Scott Urquhart, Jukka Westerbacka, Jasvinder Gill, Charlie Nicholls
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
T2DM Subgroups and Response to Glucose-lowering Therapy: Results from EDICT and Qatar Study
Authors: S. Abdelgani, T. Abdul-Ghani, C. Puckett, O. Migahid, A. Migahed, J. Adams, C. Triplitt, R.A. DeFronzo, A. Jayyousi, M. Abdul-Ghani
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
Transplant lung.
Authors: J. M. Hughes, W. J. Dempster
Journal: BMJ (1968)

BMDTCA formation of anticoagulant fibrinogen degradation products aggravates the haematologic defect.Moreover, to control the replacement of fibrinogen, as is suggested, is difficult, since the laboratory tests com- monly employed in acute fibrinolytic conditions (thrombin time, Fibrindex, etc.) are at best semi-quantitative.Even if a rapid method of fibrinogen estimation is used' the findings can be misleading, for the blood level of fibrinogen may be higher than that indicated by the test owing to the presence of anticoagulant fibrinogen degradation pro- ducts.'In our experience in obstetrical patients' ' the clinical condition of the patient may be a better guide to therapy than the fibrinogen level determined in the laboratory, and fresh whole blood is a better substitute than fibrinogen alone.Lastly, the risk of E.A.C.A. causing intravascular thrombosis (apart from that presented by the original stimulus for defibrination) when it is given for a rela- tively short period (as in acute obstetrical conditions) is negligible.This is because the drug is excreted through the kidneys very rapidly.-Iam, etc.,
Alligator Hands
Authors: Jessica A. Gold
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

On Being a DoctorOctober 1, 2013Alligator HandsJessica A. Gold, MSJessica A. Gold, MSFrom Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-7-201310010-00013 Audio Reading - “Alligator Hands” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Alligator Hands," by J.A. Gold. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail “Med student ... go scrub in.” After a stunned realization that I was, in fact, “med student,” I ran to wash my hands.Heart racing, I had no clue what was going on in the operating room. I also knew that this was definitely not the time or the place to ask. In my role as a “learning” observer for the past 30 minutes, I had not done a very good job.It was chaotic, with about 15 people in the operating room yelling and passing metal instruments that I'd never heard of while others were running back and forth ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.Corresponding Author: Jessica A. Gold, MS, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510; e-mail, [email protected]. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Alligator Hands” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Alligator Hands," by J.A. Gold. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics October 1, 2013Volume 159, Issue 7Page: 498-499KeywordsBloodEmotionsFearForecastingHeartLiverPatientsPharynxRibsRunningStomachThoraxTouchVital signs ePublished: 1 October 2013 Issue Published: October 1, 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Biodegradation of Sorbed Chemicals in Soil
Authors: Kate M. Scow, Shifang Fan, Carol Johnson, Guang M. Ma
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Rates of biodegradation of sorbed chemicals are usually lower in soil than in aqueous systems, in part because sorption reduces the availability of the chemical to microorganisms.Biodegradation, sorption, and diffusion occur simultaneously and are tightly coupled.In soil, the rate of biodegrada- tion is a function of a chemical's diffusion coefficient, sorption partition coefficient, the distance it must diffuse from the site of sorption to microbial populations that can degrade it, and its biodegradation rate constant.A model (DSB model) was developed that describes biodegradation of chemi- cals limited in the availability by sorption and diffusion.Different kinetics expressions describe biodegradation depending on whether the reaction is controlled by mass transfer (diffusion and sorption) or the intrinsic biodegradation rate, and whether biodegradation begins during or after the major- ity of sorption has occurred.We tested the hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between how strongly a chemical is sorbed and the chemi- cal's biodegradation rate.In six soils with different organic carbon contents, there was no relationship between the extent or rate of biodegradation and the sorption partition coefficient for phenanthrene.Aging of phenanthrene residues in soil led to a substantial reduction in the rate of biodegra- dation compared to biodegradation rates of recently added phenanthrene.Considerable research has focused on identification and development of techniques for enhancing in situ biodegradation of sorbed chemicals.Development of such techniques, especially those involving inoculation with microbial strains, should consider physical mass transfer limitations and potential decreases in bioavailability over time.-Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 5):93-95 (1995) Key words: biodegradation, sorption, phenanthrene, aging, bioavailability Sorbed chemicals present one of our most challenging environmental problems in the bioremediation of contaminated soils and sediments.Rates of biodegradation of sorbed chemicals are lower than in aqueous systems or laboratory cultures, in part because sorption reduces the availability of the chemical to soil microorganisms.Our understanding of the biodegradation of sorbed chemicals is confounded by the fact that the term sorption is often used to describe different interactions between pollutants and the soil matrix.These interac- tions include different mechanisms of
Safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir to treat chronic hepatitis C virus infection in treatment-naive patients in Rwanda (SHARED-3): a single-arm trial
Authors: Fredrick Kateera, Fabienne Shumbusho, Linda Manirambona, Jules Kabihizi, Anthere Murangwa, Janvier Serumondo, Jean Damascene Makuza, Sabin Nsanzimana, Claude Mambo Muvunyi, Jean Damascene Kabakambira, Habarurema Sylvain, Gregory Camus, Philip M Grant, Neil Gupta
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2022)
Periodontitis and coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Faleh Tamimi, Shiraz Altigani, Mariano Sanz
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is usually a mild condition; however, in some cases it can result in severe sickness and even death. Thus, understanding the reasons behind these grave outcomes is of great importance. Coronavirus disease 2019 and periodontitis share some intriguing characteristics. They can both lead to systemic inflammation and alterations of coagulation pathways, and both share confounding factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Accordingly, a possible association between these conditions has been hypothesized in the literature. The objective of this review was to evaluate the scientific evidence linking these diseases and the possible underlying mechanisms. Evidence has shown that coronavirus disease 2019 presents oral manifestations and can even affect periodontal tissues. Moreover, some studies have shown a possible association between coronavirus disease 2019 severity and the presence of periodontitis. Current evidence suggests that this association could be explained through the direct role of periodontal bacteria in aggravating lung infections, as well as through the indirect effect of periodontitis in inducing systemic inflammation and priming of the immune system to an exacerbated reaction to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Future research is needed to confirm these observations and explore the possible role that periodontal care might play in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Evidence supporting a role for the immune checkpoint protein B7-H3 in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against AML
Authors: Anudishi Tyagi, Stanley Ly, Fouad El-Dana, Bin Yuan, Appalaraju Jaggupilli, Sabrina Grimm, Marina Konopleva, Hans-Jörg Bühring, V. Lokesh Battula
Journal: Blood (2022)

Abstract We observed that the immune checkpoint protein B7-H3 is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with poor treatment outcomes. Inhibition of B7-H3 expression or blocking of its activity using a novel monoclonal antibody (T-1A5) in AML cells significantly enhanced natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity in AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, a human-mouse chimera of this antibody (ChT-1A5) induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in B7-H3+ primary AML cells, but not in normal hematopoietic cells, suggesting the specify of this antibody for AML cells. Epitope mapping studies identified that both T-1A5 and ChT-1A5 antibodies bind to the FG-loop region of B7-H3, which is known to regulate the immunosuppressive function of B7-H3. Furthermore, treatment with ChT-1A5 in combination with human NK cells significantly prolonged survival in AML patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Our results suggest that the ChT-1A5 antibody can inhibit the immunosuppressive function of B7-H3 protein as well as induce ADCC in B7-H3+ AML.
Fusidic Acid: Laboratory and Clinical Assessment
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal