tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association Between SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccines and Lower Infection Rates in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ivan Zahradka, Vojtech Petr, Istvan Modos, Maria Magicova, Ladislav Dusek, Ondrej Viklicky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

The real-world protection provided by SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines to kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) remains uncertain.To study the association between mRNA vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in KTRs.Retrospective observational cohort study.The Czech Republic (17 February to 16 May 2021).2101 KTRs followed in the Department of Nephrology at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine.Positive result for SARS-CoV-2 on polymerase chain reaction test and vaccination status of KTRs.The incidence rate in the vaccinated group was 0.474 per 1000 person-days (33 cases in 69 672 days at risk). The incidence rate in the unvaccinated group was 1.370 per 1000 person-days (79 cases in 57 658 days at risk). The unadjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR; incidence rate of vaccinated/incidence rate of unvaccinated) for KTRs was 0.346 (95% CI, 0.227 to 0.514). The multivariable adjusted IRR for KTRs was 0.544 (CI, 0.324 to 0.876).Retrospective observational design, uneven follow-up of patient groups, and different exposition to SARS-CoV-2 stemming from strong temporal trends and differences in clinical and probably behavioral characteristics.Vaccination of KTRs is associated with lower risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection.The Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic.
When a Neurologist Gets a Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
Authors: Liza Smirnoff
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
In high-risk outpatients with COVID-19, remdesivir reduced COVID-19–related hospitalization or all-cause death at 28 d
Authors: Omar Mourad, Zain Chagla
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

ACP Journal ClubMay 2022In high-risk outpatients with COVID-19, remdesivir reduced COVID-19–related hospitalization or all-cause death at 28 dOmar Mourad, MD, Zain Chagla, MD, MScOmar Mourad, MDMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (O.M., Z.C.)Search for more papers by this author, Zain Chagla, MD, MScMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (O.M., Z.C.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J22-0026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationGottlieb RL, Vaca CE, Paredes R, et al. Early remdesivir to prevent progression to severe Covid-19 in outpatients. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:305-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34937145Clinical Impact RatingsInfectious Disease: References1. Li P, Wang Y, Lavrijsen M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly sensitive to molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and the combination [Letter]. Cell Res. 2022;32:322-4. [PMID: 35058606] Google Scholar2. Cao Y, Wang J, Jian F et al. Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Nature. 2022;602:657-63. [PMID: 35016194] Google Scholar3. Bhimraj A, Morgan RL, Shumaker AH, et al. IDSA guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. Last updated 16 Feb 2022. Accessed at www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management on 16 Feb 2022. Google Scholar4. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Therapeutic management of nonhospitalized adults with COVID-19. National Institutes of Health. Last updated 1 Feb 2022. Accessed at www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/management/clinical-management/nonhospitalized-adults--therapeutic-management/ on 1 Feb 2022. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Omar Mourad, MD; Zain Chagla, MD, MScAffiliations: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (O.M., Z.C.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J22-0026.This article was published at Annals.org on 3 May 2022. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics May 2022Volume 175, Issue 5Page: JC50KeywordsCOVID-19Chronic liver diseaseDisclosureHazard ratioHospitalizationsHypertensionOutpatientsSafetySickle cell diseaseVaccines ePublished: 3 May 2022 Issue Published: May 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Physiologic and Therapeutic Action of Light
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intravenous Fluids—A Test Case for Learning Health Systems
Authors: Matthew W. Semler
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Joseph Bledsoe, MD; Ithan D. Peltan, MD, MSc; R. J. Bunnell, MD; Samuel M. Brown, MD; Al Jephson, BA; Danielle Groat, PhD; Nicholas M. Levin, MD; Emily Wilson, MS; Jon Newbold, PharmD; Gabriel V. Fontaine, PharmD, MBA; Joe Frandsen, MBA; David Hasleton, MD; Paul Krakovitz, MD; Kim Brunisholz, PhD; Todd Allen, MD
HAX1-dependent control of mitochondrial proteostasis governs neutrophil granulocyte differentiation
Authors: Yanxin Fan, Marta Murgia, Monika I. Linder, Yoko Mizoguchi, Cong Wang, Marcin Łyszkiewicz, Natalia Ziȩtara, Yanshan Liu, Stephanie Frenz, Gabriela Sciuccati, Armando Partida-Gaytan, Zahra Alizadeh, Nima Rezaei, Peter Rehling, Sven Dennerlein, Matthias Mann, Christoph Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

The relevance of molecular mechanisms governing mitochondrial proteostasis to the differentiation and function of hematopoietic and immune cells is largely elusive. Through dissection of the network of proteins related to HCLS1-associated protein X-1, we defined a potentially novel functional CLPB/HAX1/(PRKD2)/HSP27 axis with critical importance for the differentiation of neutrophil granulocytes and, thus, elucidated molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying congenital neutropenia in patients with HAX1 deficiency as well as bi- and monoallelic mutations in CLPB. As shown by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) proteomics, CLPB and HAX1 control the balance of mitochondrial protein synthesis and persistence crucial for proper mitochondrial function. Impaired mitochondrial protein dynamics are associated with decreased abundance of the serine-threonine kinase PRKD2 and HSP27 phosphorylated on serines 78 and 82. Cellular defects in HAX1–/– cells can be functionally reconstituted by HSP27. Thus, mitochondrial proteostasis emerges as a critical molecular and metabolic mechanism governing the differentiation and function of neutrophil granulocytes.
Physical Maneuvers and Recent Tools to Break the Silence of Clinically Undetectable Heart Sounds
Authors: Oscar M. P. Jolobe
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Understanding the Pathobiology of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease
Authors: Jessica H. Huston, Sanjiv J. Shah
Journal: Circulation Research (2022)

The development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common and has adverse prognostic implications in patients with heart failure due to left heart disease (LHD), and thus far, there are no known treatments specifically for PH-LHD, also known as group 2 PH. Diagnostic thresholds for PH-LHD, and clinical classification of PH-LHD phenotypes, continue to evolve and, therefore, present a challenge for basic and translational scientists actively investigating PH-LHD in the preclinical setting. Furthermore, the pathobiology of PH-LHD is not well understood, although pulmonary vascular remodeling is thought to result from (1) increased wall stress due to increased left atrial pressures; (2) hemodynamic congestion-induced decreased shear stress in the pulmonary vascular bed; (3) comorbidity-induced endothelial dysfunction with direct injury to the pulmonary microvasculature; and (4) superimposed pulmonary arterial hypertension risk factors. To ultimately be able to modify disease, either by prevention or treatment, a better understanding of the various drivers of PH-LHD, including endothelial dysfunction, abnormalities in vascular tone, platelet aggregation, inflammation, adipocytokines, and systemic complications (including splanchnic congestion and lymphatic dysfunction) must be further investigated. Here, we review the diagnostic criteria and various hemodynamic phenotypes of PH-LHD, the potential biological mechanisms underlying this disorder, and pressing questions yet to be answered about the pathobiology of PH-LHD.
Remdesivir use in COVID-19 patients might predispose bacteremia, matched case-control analysis
Authors: Marko Lucijanic, Tomislav Cikara, Petra Bistrovic, Ivan Papic, Maja Ortner Hadziabdic, Nikolina Busic, Marina Lackovic, Natalia Cesar, Valentina Koscak, Josko Mitrovic, Bruno Barsic, Tomo Lucijanic
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Antifungal prophylaxis in adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia treated with novel targeted therapies: a systematic review and expert consensus recommendation from the European Hematology Association
Authors: Jannik Stemler, Nick de Jonge, Nicole Skoetz, János Sinkó, Roger J Brüggemann, Alessandro Busca, Ronen Ben-Ami, Zdeněk Ráčil, Vanessa Piechotta, Russell Lewis, Oliver A Cornely
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2022)
Moderna COVID-19 vaccine was linked to myocarditis or myopericarditis at 28 d (4.2 events/100 000 persons)
Authors: Konstantin A. Krychtiuk, L. Kristin Newby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

ACP Journal ClubMay 2022Moderna COVID-19 vaccine was linked to myocarditis or myopericarditis at 28 d (4.2 events/100 000 persons)Konstantin A. Krychtiuk, MD, PhD, L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHSKonstantin A. Krychtiuk, MD, PhDDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA (K.A.K., L.K.N.)Search for more papers by this author, L. Kristin Newby, MD, MHSDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA (K.A.K., L.K.N.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J22-0021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationHusby A, Hansen JV, Fosbøl E, et al. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and myocarditis or myopericarditis: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2021;375:e068665. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34916207Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: References1. Mevorach D, Anis E, Cedar N, et al. Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against Covid-19 in Israel. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:2140-9. [PMID: 34614328] Google Scholar2. Petersen EL, Goßling A, Adam G, et al. Multi-organ assessment in mainly non-hospitalized individuals after SARS-CoV-2 infection: The Hamburg City Health Study COVID Programme. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:1124-37. [PMID: 34999762] Google Scholar3. Phillips S, Williams MA. Confronting our next national health disaster—long-haul Covid. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:577-9. [PMID: 34192429] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA (K.A.K., L.K.N.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J22-0021.This article was published at Annals.org on 3 May 2022. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics May 2022Volume 175, Issue 5Page: JC58KeywordsAdolescentsCOVID-19Cohort studiesDisclosureHazard ratioMuscular dystrophiesMyocarditisResearch laboratoriesTroponinVaccines ePublished: 3 May 2022 Issue Published: May 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Exploratory analyses in aetiologic research and considerations for assessment of credibility: mini-review of literature
Authors: Kim Luijken, Olaf M Dekkers, Frits R Rosendaal, Rolf H H Groenwold
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Abstract Objective To provide considerations for reporting and interpretation that can improve assessment of the credibility of exploratory analyses in aetiologic research. Design Mini-review of the literature and account of exploratory research principles. Setting This study focuses on a particular type of causal research, namely aetiologic studies, which investigate the causal effect of one or multiple risk factors on a particular health outcome or disease. The mini review included aetiologic research articles published in four epidemiology journals in the first issue of 2021: American Journal of Epidemiology , Epidemiology , European Journal of Epidemiology , and International Journal of Epidemiology , specifically focusing on observational studies of causal risk factors of diseases. Main outcome measures Number of exposure-outcome associations reported, grouped by type of analysis (main, sensitivity, and additional). Results The journal articles reported many exposure-outcome associations: a mean number of 33 (range 1-120) exposure-outcome associations for the primary analysis, 30 (0-336) for sensitivity analyses, and 163 (0-1467) for additional analyses. Six considerations were discussed that are important in assessing the credibility of exploratory analyses: research problem, protocol, statistical criteria, interpretation of findings, completeness of reporting, and effect of exploratory findings on future causal research. Conclusions Based on this mini-review, exploratory analyses in aetiologic research were not always reported properly. Six considerations for reporting of exploratory analyses in aetiologic research were provided to stimulate a discussion about their preferred handling and reporting. Researchers should take responsibility for the results of exploratory analyses by clearly reporting their exploratory nature and specifying which findings should be investigated in future research and how.
Cancer Incidence and Mortality According to Pre-Existing Heart Failure in a Community-Based Cohort
Authors: Edoardo Bertero, Fabio Robusto, Eliana Rulli, Antonio D’Ettorre, Lucia Bisceglia, Lidia Staszewsky, Christoph Maack, Vito Lepore, Roberto Latini, Pietro Ameri
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2022)

Studies assessing whether heart failure (HF) is associated with cancer and cancer-related mortality have yielded conflicting results.This study assessed cancer incidence and mortality according to pre-existing HF in a community-based cohort.Among individuals ≥50 years of age from the Puglia region in Italy with administrative health data from 2002 to 2018, no cancer within 3 years before the baseline evaluation, and ≥5-year follow-up, the study matched 104,020 subjects with HF at baseline with 104,020 control subjects according to age, sex, drug-derived complexity index, Charlson comorbidity index, and follow-up duration. Cancer incidence and mortality were defined based on International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision codes in hospitalization records or death certificates.The incidence rate of cancer in HF patients and control subjects was 21.36 (95% CI: 20.98-21.74) and 12.42 (95% CI: 12.14-12.72) per 1000 person-years, respectively, with the HR being 1.76 (95% CI: 1.71-1.81). Cancer mortality was also higher in HF patients than control subjects (HR: 4.11; 95% CI: 3.86-4.38), especially in those <70 years of age (HR: 7.54; 95% CI: 6.33-8.98 vs HR: 3.80; 95% CI: 3.44-4.19 for 70-79 years of age; and HR: 3.10; 95% CI: 2.81-3.43 for ≥80 years of age). The association between HF and cancer mortality was confirmed in a competing risk analysis (subdistribution HR: 3.48; 95% CI: 3.27-3.72). The HF-related excess risk applied to the majority of cancer types. Among HF patients, prescription of high-dose loop diuretic was associated with higher cancer incidence (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03-1.21) and mortality (HR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.19-1.53).HF is associated with an increased risk of cancer and cancer-related mortality, which may be heightened in decompensated states.
LEAP2 reduces postprandial glucose excursions and ad libitum food intake in healthy men
Authors: Christoffer A. Hagemann, Malene S. Jensen, Stephanie Holm, Lærke S. Gasbjerg, Sarah Byberg, Kirsa Skov-Jeppesen, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Flemming Dela, Tina Vilsbøll, Mikkel B. Christensen, Birgitte Holst, Filip K. Knop
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

The gastric hormone ghrelin stimulates food intake and increases plasma glucose through activation of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) has been proposed to inhibit actions of ghrelin through inverse effects on GHSR activity. Here, we investigate the effects of exogenous LEAP2 on postprandial glucose metabolism and ad libitum food intake in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of 20 healthy men. We report that LEAP2 infusion lowers postprandial plasma glucose and growth hormone concentrations and decreases food intake during an ad libitum meal test. In wild-type mice, plasma glucose and food intake are reduced by LEAP2 dosing, but not in GHSR-null mice, pointing to GHSR as a potential mediator of LEAP2's glucoregulatory and appetite-suppressing effects in mice.
Order Substitutions and Education for Balanced Crystalloid Solution Use in an Integrated Health Care System and Association With Major Adverse Kidney Events
Authors: Joseph Bledsoe, Ithan D. Peltan, R. J. Bunnell, Samuel M. Brown, Al Jephson, Danielle Groat, Nicholas M. Levin, Emily Wilson, Jon Newbold, Gabriel V. Fontaine, Joe Frandsen, David Hasleton, Paul Krakovitz, Kim Brunisholz, Todd Allen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Trials comparing balanced crystalloids with normal saline have yielded mixed results regarding reductions in kidney complications and mortality for hospitalized patients receiving intravenous fluids. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the association of a multifaceted implementation program encouraging the preferential use of lactated Ringer solution with patient outcomes and intravenous fluid–prescribing practices in a large, multilevel health care system. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This type 2 hybrid implementation and comparative effectiveness study enrolled all patients 18 years or older who received 1 L or more of intravenous fluids while admitted to an emergency department and/or inpatient unit at 1 of 22 hospitals in Idaho and Utah between November 1, 2018, and February 29, 2020. An interrupted time series analysis was used to assess study outcomes before and after interventions to encourage use of lactated Ringer solution. <h3>Exposures</h3> Implementation program combining order set modification, electronic order entry alerts, and sequential clinician-targeted education to encourage prescribing of lactated Ringer solution instead of normal saline. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary implementation outcome was the patient-level proportion of intravenous fluids that was balanced crystalloids. The primary effectiveness outcome was the incidence of major adverse kidney events (MAKE30)—a composite of new persistent kidney dysfunction, new initiation of dialysis, and death—at 30 days. <h3>Results</h3> Among 148 423 patients (median [IQR] age, 47 [30-67] years; 91 302 women [61%]), the proportion of total fluids received that was lactated Ringer solution increased from 28% to 75% in the first week vs the last week of the study (immediate implementation effect odds ratio [OR], 3.44; 95% CI, 2.79-4.24). The estimated MAKE30 absolute risk reduction was 2.2% (95% CI, 1.3%-3.3%) based on interrupted time series analysis showing a decrease in the week-on-week trend for MAKE30 (OR difference, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.03-0.03,<i>P</i> &lt; .001). The immediate postimplementation OR for MAKE30 was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.76-1.01), with a decrease in persistent kidney dysfunction (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.93) and mortality (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65-0.93) but not dialysis (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.76-1.32). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this comparative effectiveness study, an implementation program was associated with an increase in the proportion of fluids administered as lactated Ringer solution compared with normal saline and was associated with a reduction in MAKE30 events among patients treated in a large integrated health care system.