tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Chronic Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Exposure on Cognitive Performance and Metabolic Pathways in the Hippocampus of Wild-Type and Human Tau Mice
Authors: Jacob Raber, Ruby Perez, Eileen Ruth S. Torres, Destine Krenik, Sydney Boutros, Esha Patel, Anna C. Chlebowski, Estefania Ramos Torres, Zakia Perveen, Arthur Penn, Daniel B. Paulsen, Michael G. Bartlett, Enze Jia, Sarah Holden, Reed Hall, Jeffrey Morré, Carmen Wong, Emily Ho, Jaewoo Choi, Jan Frederik Stevens, Alexandra Noël, Gerd Bobe, Glen Kisby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a risk factor for developing sporadic forms of sporadic dementia. A human tau (htau) mouse model is available that exhibits age-dependent tau dysregulation, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress starting at an early age (3-4 months) and in which tau dysregulation and neuronal loss correlate with synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline.The goal of this study was to assess the effects of chronic SHS exposure (10 months' exposure to ∼30 mg/m3) on behavioral and cognitive function, metabolism, and neuropathology in mice.Wild-type (WT) and htau female and male mice were exposed to SHS (90% side stream, 10% main stream) using the SCIREQ® inExpose™ system or air control for 168 min per day, for 312 d, 7 d per week. The exposures continued during the days of behavioral and cognitive testing. In addition to behavioral and cognitive performance and neuropathology, the lungs of mice were examined for pathology and alterations in gene expression.Mice exposed to chronic SHS exposure showed the following genotype-dependent responses: a) lower body weights in WT, but not htau, mice; b) less spontaneous alternation in WT, but not htau, mice in the Y maze; c) faster swim speeds of WT, but not htau, mice in the water maze; d) lower activity levels of WT and htau mice in the open field; e) lower expression of brain PHF1, TTCM1, IGF1β, and HSP90 protein levels in WT male, but not female, mice; and f) more profound effects on hippocampal metabolic pathways in WT male than female mice and more profound effects in WT than htau mice.The brain of WT mice, in particular WT male mice, might be especially susceptible to the effects of chronic SHS exposure. In WT males, independent pathways involving ascorbate, flavin adenine dinucleotide, or palmitoleic acid might contribute to the hippocampal injury following chronic SHS exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8428.
Development of Effective Tumor Vaccine Strategies Based on Immune Response Cascade Reactions
Authors: Hang Wu, Xianglei Fu, Yujia Zhai, Shan Gao, Xiaoye Yang, Guangxi Zhai
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract To solve the problems of high toxicity and poor efficacy of existing tumor treatment methods, researchers have developed a variety of tumor immunotherapies. Among them, tumor vaccines activate antigen‐presenting cells and T lymphocytes upstream of the cancer‐immunity cycle are considered the most promising therapy to activate the immune system. Nanocarriers are considered the most promising tumor vaccine delivery vehicles, including polymer nanocarriers, lipid nanocarriers, inorganic nanocarriers, and biomimetic nanocarriers that have been developed for vaccine delivery. Based on the cascade reaction for tumor vaccines to exert their effects, this review summarizes the four key factors for the design and construction of nano‐tumor vaccines. The composition and functional characteristics of the corresponding preferred nanocarriers are illustrated to provide a reference for the development of effective tumor vaccines. Finally, potential challenges and perspectives are illustrated in the hope of improving the efficacy of tumor vaccine immunotherapy and accelerating the clinical transformation of next‐generation tumor vaccines.
Trends Identified in Foodborne Illnesses From Leafy Greens
Authors: Mary Chris Jaklevic
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17093: Human Neonatal Cardiac Mesenchymal Stem Cells Demonstrates Superior Cardiac Regenerative Abilities Compared to Other Stem Cells
Authors: Muthukumar Gunasekaran, Rachana Mishra, Progyaparamita Saha, Xuebin Fu, Mohamed Abdullah, Yasir M Arfat, Aakash Shah, Sudhish Sharma, Sunjay Kaushal
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Stem cells transplantation is being explored as an effective therapy for heart diseases. However, majority of stem cell therapies for adult patients with myocardial infarction (MI) had mixed and inconsistent results implying chronological age may influence the effectiveness of regenerative therapies. Therefore, herein, we performed a head-to-head comparison between different, well-studied stem cell types to identify the superior regenerative cell type using rodent MI model.After our standard characterization for each stem cell type (FACS for cell surface markers), 1 million neonatal Cardiac Mesenchymal Stem cells (nMSCs), adult MSCs (aMSCs), adult derived cardiosphere derived cells (aCDCs), umbilical cord derived cells (UCBCs), Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem cells (BM-MSCs), or cell-free Iscove Modified Dulbecco Medium (IMDM as placebo control) were injected into athymic rat myocardial infarct model. Although all the tested groups significantly improved ejection fraction, nMSCs outperformed other stem cells in cardiac functional recovery. Additionally, nMSCs also showed significant increased cardiac functional recovery compared to aMSCs in wild type rat MI model. Mason trichrome staining with heart sections revealed that decreased fibrosis was evident on nMSCs injection compared to aMSCs in both athymic and wild type rat MI model. Myocardial sections from rats received nMSCs showed significantly reduced M1 macrophages (inflammatory) and increased M2 macrophages (anti-inflammatory) compared with sections from rats having received aMSCs and IMDM control. Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines analyzed on sera collected on day 2 and 7 revealed that anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL10) was significantly increased and inflammatory cytokines (IL4 and IL12) reduced in nMSCs compared to aMSCs transplanted MI rat model.In conclusion, nMSCs demonstrated superior functional abilities, reduced fibrosis, inflammatory cells and cytokines compared to all the other cell types and with aMSCs demonstrating that nMSCs is an ideal stem cell type for therapeutic application in myocardial infarction.
Abstract 15604: Staging Cardiac Damage in Patients With Secondary Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Gurpreet Singh, Farnaz Namazi, Kensuke Hirasawa, Nina A Ajmone Marsan, Victoria Delgado, Jeroen J Bax
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Patients with secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) often show extra-mitral valvular cardiac damage which can influence the prognosis. SMR can be defined according to stages of extra-mitral valvular cardiac damage. The present study evaluated the prevalence of different stages of extra-mitral valvular cardiac damage and the prognostic implications in moderate and severe SMR patients. Methods: A total of 648 patients with moderate and severe SMR were classified according to the extent of cardiac damage on echocardiography: left ventricular damage (Stage 1), left atrial damage (Stage 2), pulmonary artery vasculature damage (Stage 3) or right ventricular damage (Stage 4). Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed, both on, non-censored and censored data (included till the occurrence of mitral valve intervention). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results: The prevalence of each stage of the proposed classification was, 10% in Stage 1, 7% in Stage 2, 16% in Stage 3 and 67% in Stage 4. In the censored data, cardiac damage classification was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.182, CI :1.019-1.370; P=0.027), and this was mainly driven by Stage 4 (HR: 1.726 CI: 1.034-2.881; p=0.037, Figure 1A). The non-censored data, showed that Stage 3 was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 1.795 CI:1.121-2.876; P= 0.015), whereas Stage 4 showed an increased non-significant risk for all-cause mortality (HR: 1.472 CI:0.973-2.227; P=0.067, Figure 1B). Conclusions: A new proposed staging classification for moderate and severe SMR showed, that cardiac damage staging was independently associated with all-cause mortality in patients censored for mitral valve intervention, and this was mainly determined by RV dysfunction.
Abstract 15953: Impact of Citizenship on Heart Transplantation Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Allison P Levin, Thomas C Hanff, Robert S Zhang, Rhondalyn C McLean, Joyce W Wald, Pavan Atluri, Michael A Acker, Lee R Goldberg, Edo Y Birati
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Non-citizens of the United States face complex social and economic issues, which may impact their post-transplant outcomes compared to US citizens. To this end, we utilized the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database to examine post-heart transplant (OHT) outcomes, stratified by citizenship status. Methods: UNOS was queried to identify OHT recipients from 03/01/12 (start of new schema for citizenship categorization) through 10/18/18 (start of new heart allocation algorithm). Groups for analysis, were as follows: US Citizen, Non-US Citizen/Resident (NC-R) and Non-US Citizen/Non-US Resident (NC-NR). Post-transplant survival and rate of post-transplant rejection were assessed via Kaplan-Meier analysis and tests of proportions. Results: Of the 16,211 OHT recipients identified, 15,677 (96.7%) were US citizens and 534 (3.3%) were Non-Citizens. Among Non-Citizens, 430 were NC-R and 104 were NC-NR, representing 2.7% and 0.6% of the total transplants. Notably, NC-NR were younger than either Citizens or NC-R, and had the shortest median time from listing to transplant (NC-R 80 days vs. Citizens 107 days vs. NC-NR 76 days, p=0.001). The proportion of transplants received by non-citizens varied widely by region, ranging from 0.59% in region 8 (6/1018) to 8.31% (84/1011) in region 9. There was no significant difference in post-transplant survival estimates in citizens vs. non-citizens (logrank p = 0.542), nor in the proportion of patients treated for rejection by one year (15.0% vs. 16.1%, p= 0.504) Conclusion: Non-US Citizens receive three percent of heart transplants performed in the US each year. Post-heart transplant survival and rate of rejection are similar in US citizens and non-citizens. These data may be relevant in the context of evolving UNOS policies. Additional studies are needed are to further inform organ allocation policy.
表面相乗的触媒修飾のための金属-カテコール-(アミン)ネットワーク 治療用ガス発生と生体分子グラフト化【JST・京大機械翻訳】
Authors: Gao Peng, Qiu Hua, Xiong Kaiqin, Li Xiangyang, Tu Qiufen, Wang Huaiyu, Lyu Nan, Chen Xiao, Huang Nan, Yang Zhilu
Journal: Biomaterials (2020)
Abstract 13386: Individualized Risk Score Interpretation to Aid Clinical Decisions and Transitions of Care for Acute Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Claire Y Zhao
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Acute heart failure (AHF) is a complex disease with heterogeneous manifestations and adverse outcomes. The interpretation of machine-learning risk scores is vital to support clinical decisions. Individualized Feature Importance (IFI) was designed to attribute changes in risk scores to clinical features and help contrast decision trajectory for a patient against those of patient subgroups that received distinct clinical decisions. Score Confidence Interval (SCI) was developed to quantify certainty in the prediction, which further encourages clinicians’ interpretation. Study was based on retrospective data from 25 hospitals in the US of 20,640 adult patients, with 87% discharged home (Class 0) and 13% transferred to the ICU or died in hospital (Class 1). IFI is based on Shapley Value, based on which SCI was designed to capture the variation in score if input features are missing. These methods were applied to previously developed risk score for AHF patients in the wards; however, they can be applied to any risk score. The SCI is wide at the beginning of the stay and narrows down towards the end as more clinical measurements become available, indicating the risk score is relatively certain at the end (Fig. 1a). IFI values (Fig. 1b) show how selected features drive changes in the risk score. To aid decision-making at the latest time, top missing features are prompted (Fig. 1c). Decision trajectories show the way top features drive the risk score (Fig. 1d), that this patient is at higher risk to discharge (Fig. 1e) and is more similar to ICU-transfers (Fig. 1f). Fig. 1g shows SCI improves risk score performance by abstaining uncertain cases from decision-making. IFI apportions risk score to clinical measurements. SCI reduces false alarm rates. By providing clinical context, they have the potential to enhance incorporation of risk scores in the clinical workflow to aid medical decisions by identifying patients at risk for deterioration and determining appropriate levels of care.
MichiGAN: sampling from disentangled representations of single-cell data using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Hengshi Yu, Joshua D. Welch
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Abstract Deep generative models such as variational autoencoders (VAEs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs) generate and manipulate high-dimensional images. We systematically assess the complementary strengths and weaknesses of these models on single-cell gene expression data. We also develop MichiGAN, a novel neural network that combines the strengths of VAEs and GANs to sample from disentangled representations without sacrificing data generation quality. We learn disentangled representations of three large single-cell RNA-seq datasets and use MichiGAN to sample from these representations. MichiGAN allows us to manipulate semantically distinct aspects of cellular identity and predict single-cell gene expression response to drug treatment.
Abstract 15535: Automated Artificial Intelligence-based Myocardial Scar Quantification for Risk Assessment Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Torben Lange, Thomas Stiermaier, Soeren Jan Backhaus, Patricia C Boom, Shelby Kutty, Boris Bigalke, Gerd Hasenfuss, Holger Thiele, Ingo Eitel, Andreas Schuster
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Myocardial infarct size (IS) remains one of the strongest predictors of adverse cardiac events following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can precisely quantify the extent of injury but requires manual post-processing. Whether novel user-independent artificial intelligence (AI) based fully-automated analyses may facilitate clinical workflow and deliver similar information for risk stratification is unknown. Methods: 913 AMI patients from two multi-center trials (AIDA-STEMI n = 704 with ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and TATORT-NSTEMI n = 245 with non-ST-elevation-infarction [NSTEMI]) were included in this sub-study. IS was quantified manually using conventional software (Medis, Leiden Netherlands) and fully automated AI-based software (NeoSoft). All automatically detected IS were evaluated visually and corrected if necessary. Analyzed data were tested for agreement and prediction of major adverse clinical events (MACE) within one year after AMI. Results: Automated and manual IS were similarly associated with outcome in cox regression analyses (HR 1.05 [95% CI 1-02-1.07] p &lt; 0.001 for automated IS and HR 1.04 [95% CI 1.02-1.06]; p &lt; 0.001 for manual IS). Comparison of C-statistics derived area under the curve (AUC) resulted in equivalent MACE prediction (AUC 0.65 for automated vs. AUC 0.66 for manual, p = 0.53). Manual correction of the automated scar detection did not lead to an improved risk prediction of MACE (AUC 0.65 to 0.66, p = 0.43). There was good agreement of automated and manually derived IS (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.75 [0.07-0.89]) which was further improved after manual correction of the underlying contours (ICC 0.98 [0.97-0.98]). Conclusion: AI-based software enables automated scar quantification with similar prognostic value compared to conventional methods in patients following AMI.
Abstract 16100: Investigating the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women Living With HIV: Perspectives From a Large Clinical Cohort in Miami, FL
Authors: Louis T Vincent, Bertrand Ebner, Jelani Grant, Quentin Loyd, Alexis Powell, Catherine Boulanger, Barry E Hurwitz, claudia Martinez
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in persons living with HIV (PLWH). CVD risk in PLWH is often underestimated, and sex stratified analyses are lacking. We sought to investigate the prevalence of CVD and associated viremic and metabolic risk factors in a cohort of men and women living with HIV (MLWH and WLWH respectively). Methods: A retrospective chart review of PLWH seen at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital outpatient HIV clinics between 2017-2019 was performed. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data along with diagnostic studies were obtained from electronic health records. Results: A total of 985 patient charts were reviewed, among which 102 patients had one or more manifestations of CVD. Among WLWH and MLWH, overall prevalence of CVD was comparable (9.6% vs 11.0%, p=0.49). Compared to MLWH, WLWH had lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation (0.7% vs 2.2%, p=0.04) but comparable coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, and history of stroke or myocardial infarction. Among patients with CVD, WLWH and MLWH were similar in age (61.2±8.4 vs. 58.7±9.8 years, p=0.18) and had no significant differences in race or ethnicity. No differences were noted between genders in systolic blood pressure or LDL-C, although WLWH showed a trend of increased hemoglobin A1c (6.7±1.7 vs. 6.1±1.2, p=0.07), and BMI (29.9±7.6 vs. 27.3±6.2, p=0.06). Of note, WLWH had a higher average CD4 count compared to MLWH (613±335 vs 460±330 cells/mm 3 , p=0.01), but comparable antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence (90.7% vs 84.7%, p=0.39), and presence of undetectable viral load (64.3% vs 67.2%, p=0.76). On multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, race, viremia, and comorbidities, having diabetes was associated with increased CVD risk (OR=1.69, 95% CI [1.03-2.79], p=0.04). ART treatment was associated with decreased CVD risk (OR=0.30, 95% CI [0.14-0.65], p=0.002), while female gender was not (OR=0.76, 95% CI [0.48-1.20], p=0.24). Conclusion: Men and women living with HIV had comparable prevalence of CVD. This may be associated with a trend towards increased traditional risk factors among WLWH. Improving ART adherence and viremic control is vital to reducing CVD risk in this population.
Targeted RNA-Seq Identify a Subset of Adolescent and Adult Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with BCR-ABL1-like Characteristics
Authors: Ricardo Sanchez, Mireia Morgades, Rosa Ayala, Esther Onecha, Yanira Ruiz-Heredia, Jose M. Sanchez, Susana Vives, Santiago Mercadal, Ramón Guardia, Marta Cervera, Olga García, Jordi Ribera, Josep-Maria Ribera, Joaquín Martínez
Journal: Blood (2017)
Feasibility of a single endoscopic plication procedure for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity
Authors: Daniel B. Maselli, Rami Abusaleh, Karim S. Trad, Gontrand Lopez-Nava, Román Turró, Barham K. Abu Dayyeh
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity are common disorders in the developed world, often coinciding in the same patients [1]. Obesity exacerbates GERD and reduces the efficacy of anti-reflux surgery [2]. This creates management challenges for overlapping GERD and obesity, which compels the development of safe, effective, and durable therapies for patients with these conditions. The Incisionless Operating Platform (USGI Medical, San Clemente, California, USA) is a handheld endoscopic tool that acquires full-thickness gastric or gastroesophageal tissue using 3.3-cm jaws. The tissue is then pierced with a catheter needle to allow for the deployment of paired suture anchors, thereby creating a 6.6-cm full-thickness plication ([Video 1]). The Incisionless Operating Platform may be operated in both the forward-facing and retroflexed orientation. This unique feature permits the endoscopic creation of plications that both facilitate weight loss (such as those used in the Primary Obesity Surgery Endoluminal gastric remodeling procedure), as well as plications at the gastroesophageal junction that may serve as a barrier against pathologic reflux (such as those used in transoral incisionless fundoplication) [3] [4]. The Incisionless Operating Platform consequently provides the theoretical opportunity to co-treat obesity and GERD in the same patient during a single procedure ([Fig. 1]). In this video, we describe the use of the platform to create gastric plications in the pattern of the Primary Obesity Surgery Endoluminal 2 procedure, which tubularizes the stomach along the greater curvature and shortens its aperture to facilitate weight loss in adults with obesity. We then describe the use of the Incisionless Operating Platform to create gastric and gastroesophageal plications to serve as a barrier against gastroesophageal reflux in a large canine model. We conclude with the combination plication procedure in an ex-vivo porcine stomach, providing the conceptual framework for examining the combination procedure in humans.