tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alterations in left ventricular three-dimensional dynamic geometry and systolic function during acute right ventricular hypertension in the conscious dog.
Authors: M CVisner, C EArentzen, M JO'Connor, E VLarson, R WAnderson
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Fifteen chronically instrumented, conscious dogs were studied to determine whether, in the intact circulation, mechanical interactions dictated by the anatomic contiguity of the two ventricles significantly alter left ventricular (LV) dynamic geometry and systolic function during acute right ventricular (RV) hypertension. The three-dimensional geometry of the left ventricle was monitored with three pairs of ultrasonic dimension transducers; ventricular pressures were measured with micromanometers. Data collected during pulmonary artery constriction (RV pressure 68 +/- 8/7 +/- 4 mm Hg) were compared with control data collected at matched heart rates (RV pressure 32 +/- 8/4 +/- 4 mm Hg). During pulmonary artery constriction, mean calculated LV end-diastolic volumes decreased from 69.2 +/- 20.0 to 56.2 +/- 21.3 cm3 (p less than or equal to 0.05). Mean systolic stroke volume decreased from 20.6 +/- 5.5 to 14.0 +/- 6.3 cm3 (p less than or equal to 0.05). These changes were entirely accounted for by alterations...
Study of the proliferation in human gastric mucosa after in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labelling
Authors: Patel, Rew, Taylor, Potten, Owen, Roberts
Journal: Gut (1993)

Studies to measure human gastric crypt or gland cell proliferation may have a number of practical clinical applications in relation to both benign and malignant gastric conditions. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labels human gastric mucosal cells in the S phase. Computer aided data analysis of labelled mucosa allows static proliferative indices to be estimated, including the crypt labelling index (LI), the peak labelling position, the distribution of labelled cells and indirectly the crypt growth fraction. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of labelled nuclei allows the S phase duration (Ts) of mucosal cells to be estimated. Specimens of histologically normal gastric body (GB, n = 16) and antral mucosa (GA, n = 10) were obtained from 25 patients with gastric carcinomas who received a bolus dose of 250 mg BrdUrd between 3.0 and 15.7 hours before surgery. Tissue sections were stained by an immunohistochemical method and subjected to detailed counting of up to 50 longitudinal crypts per specimen. The total crypt labelling index was calculated by a grid counting method. A significant difference existed between the proliferative compartments of gastric antral and body mucosa measured by a number of criteria. The median lengths of the crypts were 137 cells (GB) and 188 cells (GA). The median peak labelling positions were cell 26 (GB) and cell 61 (GA) from the crypt orifice. The mean crypt labelling indices were 2.8% (GB) and 4.8% (GA). The mean Ts of GA cells was 7.7 hours and of GB cells was 10.8 hours
Complete metabolic response in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with prolonged response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Justin Ferdinandus, Martin Metzenmacher, Lukas Kessler, Lale Umutlu, Clemens Aigner, Karl-Otto Kambartel, Viktor Grünwald, Wilfried Ernst Erich Eberhardt, Wolfgang Peter Fendler, Ken Herrmann, Martin Faehling, Daniel Christian Christoph
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Immunotherapy is the new standard of care in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently published data show that treatment discontinuation after 12 months of nivolumab treatment is associated with shorter survival. Therefore, the ideal duration of immunotherapy remains unclear, and finding markers of beneficial outcomes is of great importance. Here, we determine the proportion of complete metabolic responses (CMR) in patients who have not progressed after 24 months of immunotherapy. This is a retrospective analysis of 45 patients with positron emission tomography using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose imaging for assessment of residual metabolic activity after at least 24 months. CMR was defined as uptake in tumor lesions below background levels, using mediastinum as a reference. ResultsOut of 45 patients, 29 patients had a CMR (64%). CMR was observed more frequently in non-first-line patients. Patients with CMR were younger (median 65.7 vs 75.5, p=0.03). Fourteen patients with CMR have discontinued therapy and have not progressed until time of analysis; however, median follow-up was only 5.6 (range 0.8-17.0) months. After a minimum of 24 months of palliative immunotherapy for NSCLC, CMR occurred in almost two thirds of patients. Potentially, achievement of CMR might identify patients, for whom palliative immunotherapy may be safely discontinued.
Delineation of impaired regional myocardial perfusion by positron emission tomography with H2(15)O.
Authors: M NWalsh, S RBergmann, R LSteele, J LKenzora, M MTer-Pogossian, B ESobel, E MGeltman
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Positron emission tomography with 15O-labeled water (H2(15)O) can be used to delineate abnormal regional myocardial blood flow in experimental animals. To determine the feasibility of this method in humans, we studied 33 subjects (9 normal volunteers and 24 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease) at rest and after myocardial hyperemia induced with intravenous infusion of dipyridamole. At rest, the myocardial region demonstrating the lowest relative H2(15)O activity exhibited 71 +/- 8% of activity in the region with peak activity in control subjects and 62 +/- 17% in patients (p = NS). After the dipyridamole infusion, differences between the two groups were accentuated. In control subjects, activity in the region with lowest relative radioactivity averaged 77 +/- 5% of that in the region with peak activity. In patients, it averaged 55 +/- 22% of activity in the region with peak activity (p less than 0.01). Results in patients with ischemia with or without a history of remote myoc...
One-year results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction investigation (TIMI) Phase II Trial.
Authors: D OWilliams, EBraunwald, GKnatterud, JBabb, JBresnahan, M AGreenberg, ARaizner, AWasserman, TRobertson, RRoss
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDThe Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Phase II Trial randomized 3,339 patients to either an invasive (INV, n = 1,681) or a conservative (CON, n = 1,658) strategy after intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for acute myocardial infarction.METHODS AND RESULTSThe patients assigned to the INV strategy routinely underwent cardiac catheterization, and when anatomically appropriate, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or coronary artery bypass grafting 18-48 hours after infarction. CON patients had these procedures only in response to the occurrence of spontaneous or provoked ischemia. One-year follow-up data are available in 3,316 patients (99.3%). The primary trial end point, death and nonfatal reinfarction, occurred in 14.7% of INV patients and in 15.2% of CON patients (p = NS). When analyzed individually, there was no difference (p = NS) in death (INV, 6.9%; CON, 7.4%) or recurrent infarction (INV, 9.4%; CON, 9.8%) between the two groups. Ang...
Fatal falciparum malaria and the availability of parenteral antimalarial drugs in hospitals.
Authors: M Kapila, S H Lee, W Gray, A Robson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The incidence of cases of malaria imported into the United Kingdom has increased.1 2 Early and appropriate treatment in Steroid-dependent patients are vulnerable to severe cases is vital, but hospital pharmacies may not always overwhelming infection with falciparum malaria stock parenteral antimalarial drugs.We report-on a case of fatal and other parasites.Parenteral antimalarial falciparum malaria in a patient on long-term steroid treatment drugs should be available in all hospitals and suggest that parenteral antimalarial drugs should always be admitting acutely ill patients available in district general hospitals in England and Wales that admit patients with acute illness. Case reportA 63-year-old Caucasian engineer was admitted to hospital one week after returning to England from Nigeria.His illness began in Nigeria with a two-day episode of diarrhoea, vomiting, and fever.On returning to this country his symptoms recurred and he also became jaundiced, with dark urine and pale loose stools.His symptoms improved after three days and he was diagnosed as having infectious hepatitis.Two days later, however, he was admitted to hospital because the symptoms had returned and his clinical condition was deteriorating rapidly.He had been an asthmatic for 10 years and took prednisolone 10 mg daily and salbutamol by inhaler.Although he frequently travelled to endemic malarious areas he did not take regular antimalarial prophylaxis.On physical examination he was drowsy and confused, febrile (38 5°C), jaundiced, and dehydrated with cold extremities.His pulse rate was 150/minute and regular, and his blood pressure was 140/90 mm Hg.He was tachypnoeic, with generalised bronchospasm.The liver was tender and enlarged 5 cm below the costal margin, and the tip of the spleen was palpable.There were no focal neurological signs.The haemoglobin concentration was 13-0 g/dl, white cell count 14 8 x 109/1 (14 000/mm3), with a differential cell count of 72% neutrophils, 26% lymphocytes, 2% monocytes, and platelets 80 x 109/1 (80 000/mm3).The results of urine analysis showed haemoglobinuria and bilirubinuria.A thin blood film showed heavy infestation with ringed trophozoite forms of Plasmodium falciparum (figure).The parasite concentration was 3 5 x 109/1, and 55% of the erythrocytes contained parasites.The results of biochemical investigations showed urea 33-1 mmol/l (187 mg/100 ml) (normal 2-5-7-5 mmol/l; 15-45 mg/100 ml); creatinine 229 Itmol/l (2-6 mg/100 ml) (normal 50-115 ,umol/l; 0-56-13 mg/100 ml); bilirubin 76 ,umol/l (4 4 mg/100 ml) (normal 5-17 ,umol/l;
Ionic basis for the antagonism between adenosine and isoproterenol on isolated mammalian ventricular myocytes.
Authors: GIsenberg, LBelardinelli
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

We studied the effects of adenosine and isoproterenol on membrane currents of isolated bovine and guinea pig ventricular myocytes with a two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique. Adenosine (50 microM to 0.2 mM) alone had no effect on any of the membrane currents measured, but it antagonized the effects induced by 10 nM isoproterenol. Peak calcium membrane current was augmented by isoproterenol from a control of 4.8 +/- 0.6 to 8.6 +/- 0.8 nA and adenosine reduced it to 5.7 +/- 0.7 nA (mean +/- SEM of six cells). The inactivation time constant was not altered by isoproterenol alone or isoproterenol plus adenosine, and neither was the voltage dependence of peak calcium membrane current. Thus, the changes caused by isoproterenol could be described as an increase in maximal calcium conductance from 0.86 +/- 0.7 to 1.55 +/- 0.04 mS/cm2 and partially antagonized by adenosine to 0.97 +/- 0.04 mS/cm2. Isoproterenol also increased the non-inactivating component of calcium membrane current from 17 +/- 1 to 24 +/- ...
Semi-Automated Annotation tool Outperforms Trained Medical Students and is Comparable to Clinical Expert Performance for Frame-Level Detection of Colorectal Polyps
Authors: T Eelbode, OF Ahmad, P Sinonquel, T Blakemore Kocadag, N Narayan, N Rana, F Maes, LB Lovat, R Bisschops
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Training of deep learning systems requires an enormous amount of labeled data. This data must ideally cover the entire range of polyp appearances in real life, but also the whole possible range of image qualities and polyp locations and sizes. Expert labelling of each frame in a polyp video is, therefore, the most robust way for constructing a training set, but this is very time-consuming and currently represents a major barrier for widespread implementation of AI in endoscopy. In this study, two alternative approaches are evaluated, an innovative semi-automated labelling tool and trained medical students providing annotations.
Increased exercise ventilation in patients with chronic heart failure: intact ventilatory control despite hemodynamic and pulmonary abnormalities.
Authors: M JSullivan, M BHigginbotham, F RCobb
Journal: Circulation (1988)

This study was designed to determine the pathophysiologic basis of increased exercise ventilation in the presence of chronic heart failure. Sixty-four ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure and 38 age-matched normal control subjects performed exercise according to identical staged, symptom-limited bicycle exercise protocols with measurement of hemodynamic, ventilatory, and metabolic responses. Compared with normal subjects, ventilation and the ratio of ventilation to CO2 production (Ve/VCO2), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were elevated in patients at rest and during exercise. The ratio of pulmonary dead space to tidal volume (Vd/Vt) also was elevated in the heart failure group at rest and during exercise and was closely related to Ve/VCO2 (all r greater than .72, p less than .001). Rest and exercise arterial PCO2 regulation was normal in patients. Peak exercise Ve/VCO2 did not correlate with pulmonary vascular pressures, but was inversely related to cardiac output (r = -.49, p less than ....
Poem In Children
Authors: M Korolev, L Fedotov, A Ogloblin, S Mamedov, B Fedotov
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Methods Patients were treated at the Department of General Surgery with a course of endoscopy at St. Petersburg State Medical University. In the period from 2016 to 2020, the POEM technique was used in 3 children - 11, 14 and 16 years old. According to the results of the instrumental examinations (gastroscopy, X-ray, CT), the patients were found to have 3d stage of cardiac achalasia. All patients were underweight, the average duration of complaints was 1.5 years. Eckhardt score were 6-8 points. An 11-year-old child suffered from recurrent reflux pneumonia. At the first stage, all patients underwent manual and conservative antispasmodic therapy, without significant effect. A 16-year-old patient underwent a single cardia balloon dilatation without significant effect.
A Middle Ground on Public Accountability
Authors: Marc P Volavka, Christopher P Gorton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

to the editor: In an otherwise insightful review of the challenges of public accountability, Lee et al. (June 3 issue) 1 fail to place the patient squarely at the center of the health care system. Patients and consumers are demanding — and deserve — information about how to choose the best doctor. One rarely hears patients ask for the “best medical group” when they are ill. The majority of physicians practice in groups smaller than 10, the threshold that Lee et al. chose. With the use of their rule, more than half of Americans would not have the kind of information about doctors that they want. Furthermore, performance at a group level masks much of the interphysician variation of interest to patients. Performance data must be fair and accurate; programs such as Bridges to Excellence have overcome the methodologic challenges. 2 The “battle lines” the authors describe should not be between payers and providers, but between what patients want and what stands in their way.
Self-assembled ternary hybrid nanodrugs for overcoming tumor resistance and metastasis
Authors: Xu Cheng, Dapeng Li, Jiaxi Xu, Bing Wei, Qin Fang, Longshun Yang, Yanbing Xue, Xin Wang, Rupei Tang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Traditional chemotherapy exhibits a certain therapeutic effect toward malignant cancer, but easily induce tumor multidrug resistance (MDR), thereby resulting in the progress of tumor recurrence or metastasis. In this work, we deigned ternary hybrid nanodrugs (PEI/DOX@CXB-NPs) to simultaneously combat against tumor MDR and metastasis. In vitro results demonstrate this hybrid nanodrugs could efficiently increase cellular uptake at pH 6.8 by the charge reversal, break lysosomal sequestration by the proton sponge effect and trigger drugs release by intracellular GSH, eventually leading to higher drugs accumulation and cell-killing in drug-sensitive/resistant cells. In vivo evaluation revealed that this nanodrugs could significantly inhibit MDR tumor growth and simultaneously prevent A549 tumor liver/lung metastasis owing to the specifically drugs accumulation. Mechanism studies further verified that hybrid nanodrugs were capable of down-regulating the expression of MDR or metastasis-associated proteins, lead to the enhanced anti-MDR and anti-metastasis effect. As a result, the multiple combination strategy provided an option for effective cancer treatment, which could be potentially extended to other therapeutic agents or further use in clinical test.
The effect of intracellular oxygen concentration on lactate release, pyridine nucleotide reduction, and respiration rate in the rat cardiac tissue.
Authors: RAraki, MTamura, IYamazaki
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

By measuring the absorbance change due to myoglobin oxygenation in hemoglobin-free isolated perfused rat hearts, we analyzed effects of perfusion pressure and heart rate upon the intracellular oxygen concentration. With Langendorff perfusion, the cardiac tissue was kept normoxic (above 50 microM O2) at aortic pressure above 50 cm H2O, but became hypoxic (8 microM O2) at 30 cm H2O. The increase in cardiac work, expressed as the product of peak systolic pressure and heart rate, increased oxygen consumption at aortic pressure of 50-200 cm H2O. The heart was kept normoxic under these conditions. Lactate release, oxygen consumption, and the oxidation-reduction state of pyridine nucleotide were measured as a function of myoglobin oxygenation under various normoxic and anoxic conditions. Pyridine nucleotide fluorescence and lactate release started to increase as the intracellular oxygen concentration decreased to 6 and 10 microM, respectively. Oxygen consumption was kept constant until the oxygen concentration d...
Changes in brain adenosine during bicuculline-induced seizures in rats. Effects of hypoxia and altered systemic blood pressure.
Authors: H RWinn, J EWelsh, RRubio, R MBerne
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

We analyzed brain tissue in 139 rats for adenosine and its metabolites, inosine and hypoxanthine, during the initial 120 seconds of seizures induced by bicuculline. We also measured ATP, ADP, AMP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and lactate. We divided the rats into four groups by adjustment of their preictal arterial oxygen tension: group I, PaO2 > 200 mm Hg; group II PaO2 = 50 mm Hg; and group III: PaO2 = 100 mm Hg. We treated a fourth group whose PaO2 = 100 mm Hg with phentolamine to block the 44% rise in blood pressure which occurred with the onset of seizures. PaCO2 was maintained between 30 anf 40 mm Hg in all groups. Brain tissue was sampled rapidly after 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 seconds of seizures by the freeze-blow technique. With normoxia (PaO2 = 100 mm Hg) or hyperoxia (PaO2 > 200 mm Hg), adenosine increased within ten seconds of the onset of seizures and remained elevated even after 120 seconds. Elevations in inosine and hypoxanthine were delayed compared to the increases in adenosine. A reduction i...
Regional volume distensibility of canine thoracic aorta during moderate treadmill exercise.
Authors: B JGentile, C JChuong, G AOrdway
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We characterized the in vivo mechanical properties of segments of upper descending thoracic aorta (UDTA) in terms of volume distensibility, which was derived from measurements of pulsatile intravascular pressure, inner wall radius, and length changes. Data for this analysis were obtained from six dogs at rest and during moderate treadmill exercise (8% grade, 4.5 miles/hr). Volume distensibility reflects the regional rheological properties of the UDTA at in vivo states. It was shown to be the sum of circumferential extensibility, longitudinal extensibility, and higher-order extensibilities. Circumferential extensibility and longitudinal extensibility are linear expressions of vessel kinematic changes which represent percent volume changes per pulse pressure and are due to circumferential and longitudinal dimensional changes alone. The higher-order extensibilities (second and third order), however, account for the coupling effect, which is the percentage volume change per millimeter mercury pulse pressure d...
Technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy after cardiopulmonary resuscitation with cardioversion.
Authors: RDavison, S MSpies, JPrzybylek, HHai, MLesch
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Thirty consecutive patients underwent technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy 48--72 hours after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation and direct current cardioversion. Five patients with transmural myocardial infarctions by ECG and enzyme determinations were correctly identified by scintigraphy. Myocardial scans were positive in five of nine patients with nontransmural infarction. Of 16 patients without evidence of myocardial infarction, only two (13%) had false-positive myocardial scans. The overall accuracy of imaging in this series was 80%. We conclude that false-positive scans after cardiopulmonary resuscitation with electrical cardioversion are infrequent, and do not significantly detract from the value of myocardial scintigraphy in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
Functional implications of decreased renal cortical atrial natriuretic peptide binding in experimental diabetes.
Authors: ABenigni, NPerico, JDadan, MGabanelli, MGalbusera, PBoccardo, TMennini, GRemuzzi
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Glomerular hyperfiltration in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats may be mediated by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). We wanted to evaluate plasma levels of ANP and plasma volume in relation to renal ANP receptor density and affinity in rats 6 weeks after induction of diabetes. Plasma levels of immunoreactive ANP were significantly higher in hyperglycemic diabetic (75.2 +/- 8.3 pg/ml) than in control animals (34.7 +/- 8.1 pg/ml; p less than 0.01). Administration of insulin to keep diabetic rats normoglycemic normalized plasma levels of immunoreactive ANP (30.5 +/- 5.2 pg/ml). In contrast, plasma volume did not show significant differences among the groups (hyperglycemic diabetes, 46.6 +/- 3.8; normoglycemic diabetes, 42.4 +/- 3.2; controls, 43.2 +/- 2.0 ml/kg body wt). No correlation was found between plasma levels of immunoreactive ANP and plasma volume. By autoradiography a significant reduction in the number of renal cortical ANP receptors was observed in hyperglycemic diabetic rats as co...
Details of coronary stenosis morphology influence its hemodynamic severity and distal flow reserve.
Authors: F AFedele, BSharaf, A SMost, HGewirtz
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Differences in coronary flow reserve with anatomically similar coronary artery stenoses have been attributed to 1) nonstandard physiologic conditions, 2) inadequacies of measurements of coronary artery stenosis dimension and/or coronary blood flow, and 3) inadequate hyperemic stimulus. Our study tested the hypothesis that details of coronary artery stenosis geometry, which may or may not be apparent on coronary angiograms, also may contribute importantly to such differences. A simple and complex coronary artery stenosis, each of which reduced vessel cross-sectional area by 84%, was introduced in random order into the left anterior descending coronary artery of nine closed-chest, sedated swine. The simple stenosis had a single lumen while the complex stenosis had five small lumena whose combined area equaled that of the single lumen stenosis. Measurements of hemodynamics and regional myocardial blood flow (microspheres) were made at control and after 10 minutes of adenosine infused at 400 micrograms/min an...