tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
David Watson Warrell
Authors: Anthony R B Smith
Journal: BMJ (2021)

David Watson Warrell married Valerie in 1955 and embarked on a career in obstetrics and gynaecology. He became a member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in 1958, although his career was challenged for a time by the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis when he was a registrar. As a lecturer in Sheffield in 1963 he completed a doctorate on the investigation and treatment of urinary incontinence in women by using urodynamics, a new development at the time.

In 1968 David was appointed as a consultant to St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, to continue the city’s long association with the treatment of genitourinary problems in women. …
Gender and the impact of COVID-19 on demand for and access to health care: analysis of data from Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa
Authors: Safa Abdalla, Elizabeth G Katz, Gary L Darmstadt
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

BackgroundGlobal health emergencies can impact men and women differently due to gender norms that affect exposures and care-seeking. Likewise, economic and social upheaval can affect men and women unequally. These effects may be unfolding with the current COVID-19 pandemic given women's economic vulnerability and disproportionate caregiving burden. Global data have shown a decline in access to health care that was more pronounced among women. Here, we aim to investigate gender differences in the impact of COVID-19 by looking at intersectionality of gender with educational and socioeconomic factors in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa.MethodsData were collected by Opinion Research Business International using representative sampling with census data as the sampling frame. Around 1000 participants from each country were interviewed by telephone. Participants reported their retrospective experiences with health care in the period between December, 2019, and February, 2020, before the pandemic, and in the time period between March and July, 2020, during the pandemic. We used conditional logistic regression, with the respondent as their own control, to estimate the change in access to health care after the pandemic's onset among men and women, stratified by educational level (none, primary or secondary education, and post-secondary education). We also examined the change in demand for preventive care and care for non-communicable conditions, stratified by the respondent's self-reported experience of financial difficulty due to the pandemic.FindingsAmong those who reported a need to seek health care during both time periods in South Africa, a decline in the ability to see a health-care provider since March 2020 was greater for women than for men, a gap that was more evident in the group that did not have post-secondary education (OR=0·08, p=0·04 for women; no change for men) than for those with post-secondary education (0·2, p=0·24 for women; 0·5, p =0·69 for men). South African women who were financially affected were more likely than men to seek preventive care initially (6% vs 2%, respectively), and had a significant decline in seeking preventive care since March 2020 (0·23, p=0·04). The reduction in men was not statistically significant (0·67, p=0·57). No such effects were noted in Nigeria or Kenya.InterpretationIn South Africa, the detrimental effect of COVID-19 on health-care access seemed more pronounced for women who did not have post-secondary education than for men in the same group, and also compared with men and women with post-secondary education. Women may be deprioritising preventive and routine care after financial difficulties caused by COVID-19 and its control measures.FundingBill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Abstract 66: Ascorbate Prevents Hypertension, Proteinuria and Concentric Hypertrophy by Balancing the Nitroso-redox System in a Model of Preeclampsia, the S-nitrosoglutathione Reductase (gsnor) Deficient Mice
Authors: Shathiyah Kulandavelu, Raul A Dulce, Rosemeire K Takeuchi, Wayne Balkan, Joshua M Hare
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE), a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity, is characterized by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and S-nitrosylated protein, and decreased levels of the antioxidant, ascorbate (Asc). Mice lacking S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR –/– ), a denitrosylase that regulates protein S-nitrosylation, exhibit a PE-like phenotype including maternal hypertension, proteinuria, cardiac concentric hypertrophy and impaired placental vascularization. We hypothesize that the PE-like phenotype is mediated by nitroso-redox imbalance and nitrosative stress and can be rescued with ascorbate treatment. Methods: Pregnant GSNOR –/– and control (WT) mice (n=5-7) were provided drinking water ± Asc beginning at day 0.5 of gestation (E0.5). We determined blood pressure using a Millar catheter, relative wall thickness (RWT) by echocardiography, and placental vascularization by isolectin staining. Cardiomyocytes (CM) were isolated at late stage pregnancy (E17.5) and fluorescent dyes used to determine levels of ROS (2’7’-dichlorofluorescein), nitric oxide (NO, diaminofluorescin) and peroxynitrite (dihydrorhodamine 123). Results: Isolated CMs from pregnant GSNOR –/– hearts, exhibited elevated levels of ROS (2.48±0.39 vs. 1.58±0.18 ΔF/F 0 ), free NO (6.65±0.43 vs. 5.59±0.26 ΔF/F 0 ) and peroxynitrite (0.75±0.04 vs. 0.39±0.03 ΔF/F 0 ) compared to WT. These increases were prevented with Asc treatment (P&lt;0.01), which completely rescued the PE phenotype in GSNOR –/– mothers, including hypertension (105±2 mmHg vs. 95± mmHg in Asc-treated, P&lt;0.05), proteinuria (P&lt;0.05) and RWT (0.56±0.04 vs. 0.45±0.03 in Asc-treated (P&lt;0.05). Placental vascularization was also significantly improved with Asc treatment in GSNOR –/– mothers. Asc had no significant effect in WT mice. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that nitroso-redox imbalance and nitrosative stress contributes to PE in mice. Asc treatment balanced the nitroso-redox system and rescued the pathological phenotypes in GSNOR –/– mice, suggesting that it can be used therapeutically to treat or prevent preeclampsia.
Health and Human Rights in the Medical School Curriculum—Reply
Authors: Victor W. Sidel
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 12159: Point of Care Measurement of Anticoagulation in Patients on Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban and Apixaban Therapy by Novel Automated Thrombelastography
Authors: Ramin Artang, Paul A Gurbel, Kevin Bliden, Mark Walsh, Annie Grisoli, Scott Thomas, Maren Anderson, Jorn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Sarah Greve, Brian C Thurston, Joao Dias, Hardeane Achneck, Jan Hartmann
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) do not require monitoring. Monitoring would be useful in the event of bleeding, trauma, and thromboembolism while on anticoagulation. We evalua...
A boy with purpura on the legs
Authors: Yan Song, Qin Zhou, Jianjun Qiao, Jianghua Chen
Journal: BMJ (2021)

A boy in his mid teens presented to the dermatology department with a one week history of non-pruritic rash on his legs, and abdominal and bilateral knee pain. On examination, palpable purple papules were present on both legs, extending from the ankles to the thighs (fig 1). Other examination findings were unremarkable. The boy reported no history of upper respiratory tract infection in the four weeks before symptom onset. Table 1 shows the results of relevant blood and urine investigations.



Fig 1 
Palpable purpura on lower legs



View this table:

Table 1 
Results of relevant blood and urine investigations



Several conditions were considered unlikely: meningococcal sepsis, because of the absence of fever, neurological symptoms, and biomarkers of bacterial infection; thrombocytopenia, because the platelet count was within normal range; and coagulopathy, …
Cetuximab, docetaxel, and cisplatin versus platinum, fluorouracil, and cetuximab as first-line treatment in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (GORTEC 2014-01 TPExtreme): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial
Authors: Joël Guigay, Anne Aupérin, Jérôme Fayette, Esma Saada-Bouzid, Cédrik Lafond, Miren Taberna, Lionnel Geoffrois, Laurent Martin, Olivier Capitain, Didier Cupissol, Hélène Castanie, Damien Vansteene, Philippe Schafhausen, Alison Johnson, Caroline Even, Christian Sire, Sophie Duplomb, Camille Evrard, Jean-Pierre Delord, Brigitte Laguerre, Sylvie Zanetta, Cécile Chevassus-Clément, Aldéric Fraslin, Fanny Louat, Laura Sinigaglia, Ulrich Keilholz, Jean Bourhis, Ricard Mesia, Nabil BABA-HAMED, Emmanuel BABIN, Guillaume BERA, Sarah BETRIAN-LAGARDE, Emmanuel BLOT, Emmanuelle BOMPAS, Christian BOREL, Mohamed BOUCHEKOUA, Laurence BOZEC LE MOAL, Amandine BRUYAS, Gilles CALAIS, Ioana CARPIUC, Sophie CHAPET, Thierry CHATELLIER, Bruno CHAUFFERT, Sandrine CHELI, Florian CLATOT, Oana COJOCARASU, Alexandre CORNELLY, Alexandre COUTTE, Pierre DALLOZ, Franck DARLOY, Melissa DELHOMMEAU, Dominique DE RAUCOURT, Christophe DEBELLEIX, Philippe DEBOURDEAU, Anne Françoise DILLIES-LEGRAIN, Pascal DO, Catherine DUBOS-ARVIS, Agnès DUCOULOMBIER, Claude EL KOURI, Sabrina FALKOWSKI, François-Regis FERRAND, Michel GATINEAU, Radj GERVAIS, Louis GRAS, Pierre GUILLET, Ali HASBINI, Stéphane HENAULT, Ruth Gabriela HERRERA GOMEZ, Florence HUGUET, Marie Christine KAMINSKY, Aurélie LAGRANGE, Sandrine LAVAU-DENES, Hervé LE CAER, Christine LE FOLL, Gautier LEFEBVRE, Benjamin LINOT, Qian LOPEZ, Alain LORTHOLARY, Margarida MATIAS, Lamia MAYACHE-BADIS, Floriane MINNE, Delphine MOLLON, Eve Marie NEIDHARDT, Julien PAVILLET, Frédéric PEYRADE, Yohann POINTREAU, Jean-François RAMEE, Camille RAUCHE, Sandrine RICHARD, Claudia RIZZO, Frédéric ROLLAND, Friderike SCHLURMANN, Laetitia STEFANI, Louis TASSY, Youssef TAZI, Jean-Christophe THERY, Florida TORTI EL ZEIN, Clémence TOULLEC, Jean-Marc TOURANI, Philippe TOUSSAINT, Julie VANBOCKSTAEL, Elodie VAULEON, Frédéric VIRET, Sabine WALER, Jens ATZPODIEN, Caecilia BEHRENS, Chia Jung BUSCH, Andreas DIETZ, Georg FELDMANN, Rainer FIETKAU, Thordis GRANIZKA, Jürgen GREWE, Orlando GUNTINAS-LICHINUS, Kristina HADLER-MIKESCH, Dennis HAHN, Johanna INHESTERN, Karolin KELLNER, Konrad KLINGHAMMER, Roland KRONENBERGER, Kerstin LUEDTKE-HECKENKAMP, Sebastian OCHSENREITHER, Burkhard OTREMBA, Caroline Anna PEUKER, Markus PIRLICH, Frank ROTHMANN, Mareike TOMETTEN, Sabine WOHLFARTH, Veit ZEBRALLA, Matthias ZIPFEL, Juan Carlos ADANSA KLEIN, Virginia ARRAZUBI, Javier CABALLERO DAROQUI, Beatriz CASTELO, Beatriz CIRAUQUI CIRAUQUI, Juan Jesus CRUZ HERNANDEZ, Oscar GALLEGO, Lara Carmen IGLESIAS DOCAMPO, Antonio LOPEZ POUSA, Maria MARTINEZ DEL PRADO, Javier MARTINEZ-TRUFERO, Miguel PASTOR BORGONON, Elisabeth PEREZ RUIZ, Vanesa QUIROGA GARCIA, Jordi RUBIO CASADEVALL, Silvia VAZQUEZ FERNANDEZ
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2021)
CD36-mediated ferroptosis dampens intratumoral CD8+ T cell effector function and impairs their antitumor ability
Authors: Xingzhe Ma, Liuling Xiao, Lintao Liu, Lingqun Ye, Pan Su, Enguang Bi, Qiang Wang, Maojie Yang, Jianfei Qian, Qing Yi
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2021)
Antiretroviral Drug Recommendations for HIV Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Noga Shalev, Karen F. Brudney, Matthew L. Scherer
Journal: JAMA (2021)

To the Editor As HIV clinicians, we read with interest the new antiretroviral treatment guidelines published on behalf of the International Antiviral Society–USA.1 Nevertheless, we believe these guidelines failed to integrate emerging evidence and may have reflected implicit commercial bias.
A comparison between 25-gauge and 22-gauge Franseen needles for endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling of pancreatic and peripancreatic masses: a randomized non-inferiority study
Authors: Dongwook Oh, Joonseog Kong, Sung Woo Ko, Seung-Mo Hong, Hoonsub So, Jun Seong Hwang, Tae Jun Song, Sung Koo Lee, Myung-Hwan Kim, Sang Soo Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Abstract Background Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and fine-needle biopsy (FNB) are the current standard of care for sampling pancreatic and peripancreatic masses. Recently, a 22G EUS-FNB needle with Franseen geometry was developed, and this device was also introduced in a 25G platform. We compared the performance of the 25G and 22G Franseen needles for EUS-guided sampling of pancreatic and peripancreatic solid masses. Methods We conducted a parallel-group randomized non-inferiority trial at a tertiary-care center from November 2018 to May 2019. The primary outcome was the quality of the histologic core assessed using the Gerke score. The optimal histologic core is indicated by a Gerke score of 4 or 5, which enables optimal histologic interpretation. The overall diagnostic accuracy and adverse event rate were also evaluated. Results 140 patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1) to the 25G and 22G groups. Tissue acquisition by EUS-FNB was successful in all patients. The optimal histologic core procurement rate was 87.1 % (61/70) for the 25G needle vs. 97.1 % (68/70) for the 22G; difference −10 % (95 % confidence interval −17.35 % to −2.65 %). High quality specimens were more frequently obtained in the 22G group than in the 25G group (70.0 % [49/70] vs. 28.6 % [20 /70], respectively; P &lt; 0.001). The overall diagnostic accuracy did not differ between the groups (97.4 % for 25G vs. 100 % for 22G). Conclusions The 25G Franseen needle was inferior to the 22G needle in histologic core procurement. Therefore, for cases in which tissue architecture is pivotal for diagnosis, a 22G needle, which procures relatively higher quality specimens than the 25G needle, should be used.
Effect of Emergency Department Care Bundle on Elderly Patients With Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Kan Liu
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MDS and AML in Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome: Clinical Features and Outcomes
Authors: Kasiani C. Myers, Elissa Muse Furutani, Bradford Siegele, Mark D. Fleming, M. Tarek Elghetany, Valerie Arsenault, Blanche P. Alter, Farid Boulad, Carlos Bueso-Ramos, Lauri Burroughs, Paul Castillo, James Connelly, Stella M Davies, Marie J Desierto, Courtney D. DiNardo, Richard Ho, Nicole Karras, Sioban Keel, Michelle Manalang, Lisa J. McReynolds, Taizo Allen Nakano, Grzegorz Nalepa, Maxim Norkin, Matthew J Oberley, Etan Orgel, Yves D. Pastore, Joseph Rosenthal, Kelly Walkovich, Akiko Shimamura
Journal: Blood (2017)
p2PSA-associated parameters are significant predictors of reclassification of first-year protocol biopsy on active surveillance for early-stage prostate cancer patients: From the PRIAS-JAPAN study.
Authors: Takuma Kato, Mikio Sugimoto, Yoshiyuki Kakehi, Nobuo Shinohara, Shin Egawa, Hiroshi Sasaki, Toshihiro Saito, Toshiki Tanikawa, Masafumi Matsumura, Katsuyoshi Hashine, Shusuke Akamatsu, Osamu Ogawa, Isao Hara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

153 Background: 44 Japanese institutions have joined the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) study as PRIAS-JAPAN. As an side study, PRIAS-JAPAN investigates the usefulness of [-2] proPSA (p2PSA), a precursor of PSA, as a predictive marker for the reclassification during active surveillance patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of p2PSA related parameters to predict the reclassification of first year protocol biopsy (1yr PBx). Methods: 19 institutions participated in this side study which started in January 2013. All participants were eligible for PRAIS inclusion criteria. These patients were required to receive blood sampling on every visit and protocol biopsy after inclusion. PSA and PSA isoforms (free-PSA, p2PSA) were measured in serum samples and parameters (%free-PSA, %p2PSA, phi) were also calculated. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables between reclassification and non-reclassification groups. Fisher's exact test and Chi-squared test with yates' continuity correction were used for categorical variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict the risk of reclassification. To assess the predictive power for reclassification, we plotted ROC curves and calculated the AUC. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate whether adding variables to the baseline (age, PSA, prostate volume) model would yield net clinical benefit. Results: From January 2013 to July 2017, this study enrolled 237patients. 99 patients were excluded for the reason of discontinuation of AS, non-adherence of protocol blood sampling and rejection of biopsy. 138patients were able to analyzed PSA, PSA isoforms and its parameters at the time of inclusion and 1yr PBx. Patients who showed reclassification were significantly higher level of %p2PSA at inclusion and %p2PSA and phi just before 1yr PBx. Multivariate analyses showed %p2PSA at inclusion (p= 0.04), %p2PSA (p= 0.01) and Phi (p= 0.008) before 1yr PBx were statistically significant predictors of reclassification at 1yr PBx. ROC analysis revealed that %p2PSA before 1yr PBx (AUC 0.674) and phi before 1yr PBx (AUC 0.669) were a significant discriminant factor in predicting reclassification. DCA analysis showed that phi before 1yr PBx had a highest net benefit in the range of clinically plausible risk threshold (10–40%). Conclusions: %p2PSA and Phi before 1yr PBx have good prediction power and phi is a most useful indicator of clinical decision making about active surveillance. Clinical trial information: UMIN 000009876.
Pooled Patient-Level Analysis of Inclisiran Trials in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia or Atherosclerosis
Authors: R Scott Wright, Kausik K Ray, Frederick J Raal, David G Kallend, Mark Jaros, Wolfgang Koenig, Lawrence A Leiter, Ulf Landmesser, Gregory G Schwartz, Andrew Friedman, Peter L J Wijngaard, Lorena Garcia Conde, John J P Kastelein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Harnessing cerebrospinal fluid circulation for drug delivery to brain tissues
Authors: Ghazal Naseri Kouzehgarani, Thomas Feldsien, Herbert H. Engelhard, Kuldip K. Mirakhur, Colin Phipps, Volker Nimmrich, Diana Clausznitzer, Didier R. Lefebvre
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2021)

Initially thought to be useful only to reach tissues in the immediate vicinity of the CSF circulatory system, CSF circulation is now increasingly viewed as a viable pathway to deliver certain therapeutics deeper into brain tissues. There is emerging evidence that this goal is achievable in the case of large therapeutic proteins, provided conditions are met that are described herein. We show how fluid dynamic modeling helps predict infusion rate and duration to overcome high CSF turnover. We posit that despite model limitations and controversies, fluid dynamic models, pharmacokinetic models, preclinical testing, and a qualitative understanding of the glymphatic system circulation can be used to estimate drug penetration in brain tissues. Lastly, in addition to highlighting landmark scientific and medical literature, we provide practical advice on formulation development, device selection, and pharmacokinetic modeling. Our review of clinical studies suggests a growing interest for intra-CSF delivery, particularly for targeted proteins.
Impact of 5-ALPHA reductase inhibitor use on prostate cancer risk at the time of urology referral.
Authors: James T Kearns, Justin T. Matulay, William E. Anderson, Timothy C. Hetherington, Claud Grigg, Jason Zhu, Kris E. Gaston, Stephen Boyd Riggs, Earle F Burgess, Peter E Clark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

226 Background: 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) are commonly used medications for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. One of the consequences of 5-ARI use is a 50% drop in serum PSA without a concomitant reduction in prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Previous work has suggested that 5-ARI use is associated with worse PCa-specific outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of 5-ARI use on patients’ PCa risk at the time of referral from primary care to urology. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all men ≥ 40 years who had a PSA resulted between 2018-2019 and were seen in an ambulatory setting. PSA testing was determined through laboratory data in the electronic health record (EHR). Clinical and demographic data were collected for all men. 5-ARI use was determined through orders in the EHR. Men were assigned PCa risk according to both the Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group (PBCG) and Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) risk calculators. PSA values were doubled for 5-ARI users prior to calculating risk. Referral to urology for PCa risk was determined using the narrative reason for referral associated with the referral order. Results: Between 2018-2019, 91,368 men had a PSA test, including 2,939 5-ARI users, and 88,429 non-users. Uncorrected median PSA and the proportion of men referred to urology for PCa risk were similar between the two groups (p = 0.60 and p = 0.17, respectively). Of men referred to urology for PCa risk, 5-ARI users had similar uncorrected PSA to non-users (p=0.86) but higher risk for high grade PCa once PSA correction was performed, median (IQR) 48% (24%) vs 28% (18%) using the PBCG and 21% (17%) vs 10% (10%) using the PCPT (p &lt; 0.01 for both) (Table). Conclusions: Men taking 5-ARIs have significantly higher risk for high-grade PCa at time of referral to urology than non-users in this cohort. As the unadjusted PSA at referral to urology for PCa risk was the same between 5-ARI users and non-users, this indicates that the effect of 5-ARI use on serum PSA levels is not routinely accounted for when assessing PCa risk. Further study on interventions to account for 5-ARI use when screening for PCa are warranted. [Table: see text]