tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breviscapine alleviates NASH by inhibiting TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1‐dependent signaling
Authors: Tian Lan, Shuo Jiang, Jing Zhang, Qiqing Weng, Yang Yu, Haonan Li, Song Tian, Xin Ding, Sha Hu, Yiqi Yang, Weixuan Wang, Lexun Wang, Duosheng Luo, Xue Xiao, Shenghua Piao, Qing Zhu, Xianglu Rong, Jiao Guo
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

NAFLD is a key component of metabolic syndrome, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to NASH, and is now becoming the leading cause of cirrhosis and HCC worldwide. However, due to the complex and unclear pathophysiological mechanism, there are no specific approved agents for treating NASH. Breviscapine, a natural flavonoid prescription drug isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Erigeron breviscapus, exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties, including effects on metabolism. However, the anti-NASH efficacy and mechanisms of breviscapine have not yet been characterized.We evaluated the effects of breviscapine on the development of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro under metabolic stress. Breviscapine treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, liver injury, and fibrosis in mice fed a high-fat diet, a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, or a methionine- and choline-deficient diet. In addition, breviscapine attenuated lipid accumulation, inflammation, and lipotoxicity in hepatocytes undergoing metabolic stress. RNA-sequencing and multiomics analyses further indicated that the key mechanism linking the anti-NASH effects of breviscapine was inhibition of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphorylation and the subsequent mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. Treatment with the TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol abrogated breviscapine-mediated hepatoprotection under metabolic stress. Molecular docking illustrated that breviscapine directly bound to TAK1.Breviscapine prevents metabolic stress-induced NASH progression through direct inhibition of TAK1 signaling. Breviscapine might be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of NASH.
Uptake and Survival Outcomes Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Among Trial-Ineligible Patients With Advanced Solid Cancers
Authors: Ravi B. Parikh, Eun Jeong Min, E. Paul Wileyto, Fauzia Riaz, Cary P. Gross, Roger B. Cohen, Rebecca A. Hubbard, Qi Long, Ronac Mamtani
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are part of standard of care for patients with many advanced solid tumors. Patients with poor performance status or organ dysfunction are traditionally ineligible to partake in pivotal randomized clinical trials of ICIs.
Low-dose in vivo protection and neutralization across SARS-CoV-2 variants by monoclonal antibody combinations
Authors: Vincent Dussupt, Rajeshwer S. Sankhala, Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera, Samantha M. Townsley, Fabian Schmidt, Lindsay Wieczorek, Kerri G. Lal, Gina C. Donofrio, Ursula Tran, Nathaniel D. Jackson, Weam I. Zaky, Michelle Zemil, Sarah R. Tritsch, Wei-Hung Chen, Elizabeth J. Martinez, Aslaa Ahmed, Misook Choe, William C. Chang, Agnes Hajduczki, Ningbo Jian, Caroline E. Peterson, Phyllis A. Rees, Magdalena Rutkowska, Bonnie M. Slike, Christopher N. Selverian, Isabella Swafford, I-Ting Teng, Paul V. Thomas, Tongqing Zhou, Clayton J. Smith, Jeffrey R. Currier, Peter D. Kwong, Morgane Rolland, Edgar Davidson, Benjamin J. Doranz, Christopher N. Mores, Theodora Hatziioannou, William W. Reiley, Paul D. Bieniasz, Dominic Paquin-Proulx, Gregory D. Gromowski, Victoria R. Polonis, Nelson L. Michael, Kayvon Modjarrad, M. Gordon Joyce, Shelly J. Krebs
Journal: Nature Immunology (2021)

Prevention of viral escape and increased coverage against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern require therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting multiple sites of vulnerability on the coronavirus spike glycoprotein. Here we identify several potent neutralizing antibodies directed against either the N-terminal domain (NTD) or the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Administered in combinations, these mAbs provided low-dose protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the K18-human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 mouse model, using both neutralization and Fc effector antibody functions. The RBD mAb WRAIR-2125, which targets residue F486 through a unique heavy-chain and light-chain pairing, demonstrated potent neutralizing activity against all major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. In combination with NTD and other RBD mAbs, WRAIR-2125 also prevented viral escape. These data demonstrate that NTD/RBD mAb combinations confer potent protection, likely leveraging complementary mechanisms of viral inactivation and clearance.
Variation in Surgeon Proficiency Scores and Association With Digit Replantation Outcomes
Authors: Alfred P. Yoon, Robert L. Kane, Leyi Wang, Lu Wang, Kevin C. Chung
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Risk-adjusted variation in surgeon outcomes has been traditionally explained by surgeon volume and hospital infrastructure, yet it is unclear how a surgeon's operative proficiency directly contributes to their patients' outcomes.To assess the variation of surgeons' operative proficiency and investigate its association with surgical outcomes.This case series was a retrospective analysis of all digit replantations and revascularizations at a single US university medical center between January 2000 and August 2020. Surgeons were assigned a proficiency score based on the expected procedure difficulty and outcomes from a sample of their cases. Surgeon proficiency scores were then used to determine associations with outcomes from subsequent cases. The expected difficulty of each case was calculated using a novel scoring system that applied pooled relative risks from a meta-analysis of risk factors for replantation and revascularization failure.Digit replantation and revascularization.Digit survival at 1-month follow up (case success) and number of complications.A total of 145 patients and 226 digits were treated by 11 surgeons with training in hand or microsurgery (mean [SD] age, 41.9 [15.2] years; 204 [90%] men); there were 116 replantations and 110 revascularizations. Surgeon proficiency scores ranged from 1.3 to 5.7, with a mean (SD) of 3.4 (1.4). Case success rates among surgeons varied from 20.0% to 90.5%, with a mean (SD) of 64.9%. Higher proficiency scores were associated with fewer case failures: each point increase was associated with 40% decreased odds of failure (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.94). Every 3-point increase in proficiency score was associated with 1 less complication (effect estimate, -0.29; 95% CI, -0.56 to 0.02). Surgeon proficiency score had a greater association with case failure than surgeon volume (16.7% vs 12.0%). The final model's association with case failure had an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.93.Operative proficiency varied widely among practicing surgeons and accounted for 17% of estimative ability for success of digit replantation and revascularization. Greater surgeon proficiency was associated with better outcomes, indicating that the value of surgical care may be optimized by improving surgeon proficiency.
Results from Phase I Extension Study Assessing Pexidartinib Treatment in Six Cohorts with Solid Tumors including TGCT, and Abnormal CSF1 Transcripts in TGCT
Authors: William D. Tap, Arun S. Singh, Stephen Patrick Anthony, Mike Sterba, Chao Zhang, John H. Healey, Bartosz Chmielowski, Allen Lee Cohn, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Vicki L. Keedy, Zev A. Wainberg, Igor Puzanov, Gregory M. Cote, Andrew J. Wagner, Fadi Braiteh, Eric Sherman, Henry H. Hsu, Charles Peterfy, Heather L. Gelhorn, Xin Ye, Paul Severson, Brian L. West, Paul S. Lin, Sandra Tong-Starksen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: To assess the response to pexidartinib treatment in six cohorts of adult patients with advanced, incurable solid tumors associated with colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and/or KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Patients and Methods: From this two-part phase I, multicenter study, pexidartinib, a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets CSF1R, KIT, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), was evaluated in six adult patient cohorts (part 2, extension) with advanced solid tumors associated with dysregulated CSF1R. Adverse events, pharmacokinetics, and tumor responses were assessed for all patients; patients with tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) were also evaluated for tumor volume score (TVS) and patient-reported outcomes (PRO). CSF1 transcripts and gene expression were explored in TGCT biopsies. Results: Ninety-one patients were treated: TGCT patients (n = 39) had a median treatment duration of 511 days, while other solid tumor patients (n = 52) had a median treatment duration of 56 days. TGCT patients had response rates of 62% (RECIST 1.1) and 56% (TVS) for the full analysis set. PRO assessments for pain showed improvement in patient symptoms, and 76% (19/25) of TGCT tissue biopsy specimens showed evidence of abnormal CSF1 transcripts. Pexidartinib treatment of TGCT resulted in tumor regression and symptomatic benefit in most patients. Pexidartinib toxicity was manageable over the entire study. Conclusions: These results offer insight into outcome patterns in cancers whose biology suggests use of a CSF1R inhibitor. Pexidartinib results in tumor regression in TGCT patients, providing prolonged control with an acceptable safety profile.
3D-bioprinted BMSC-laden biomimetic multiphasic scaffolds for efficient repair of osteochondral defects in an osteoarthritic rat model
Authors: Yanzhi Liu, Liuqi Peng, Lingli Li, Cuishan Huang, Keda Shi, Xiangbo Meng, Pinpin Wang, Mingming Wu, Ling Li, Huijuan Cao, Kefeng Wu, Qingqiang Zeng, Haobo Pan, William Weijia Lu, Ling Qin, Changshun Ruan, Xinluan Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)
TCT-427 Renal Denervation Improves Renal Hemodynamic Status in Patients With Diabetes With Resistant Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Musheg Manukyan, Alla Falkovskaya, Stanislav Pekarskiy, Irina Zyubanova, Ekaterina Tsoi, Valeria Lichikaki, Tamara Ryabova, Viktor Mordovin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
TCT-422 The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical Status of Patients Referred for TAVR
Authors: Joris Ooms, Dilay Gunes, Thijmen Hokken, Rik Adrichem, Rutger Nuis, Marjo De Ronde, Jeanette Goudzwaard, Francesco Mattace Raso, Joost Daemen, Nicolas Van Mieghem
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
TCT-50 Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Heart Failure Hospitalization After Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: Results From the PARTNER Trials
Authors: Chetan Huded, Suzanne Arnold, Adnan Chhatriwalla, John Saxon, Samir Kapadia, Xiao Yu, John Webb, Vinod Thourani, Susheel Kodali, Michael Mack, Martin Leon, David Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Understanding Breakthrough Infections Following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
Authors: Michael Klompas
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Mark W. Tenforde, MD, PhD; Wesley H. Self, MD, MPH; Katherine Adams, MPH; Manjusha Gaglani, MBBS; Adit A. Ginde, MD, MPH; Tresa McNeal, MD; Shekhar Ghamande, MD; David J. Douin, MD; H. Keipp Talbot, MD, MPH; Jonathan D. Casey, MD, MSci; Nicholas M. Mohr, MD, MS; Anne Zepeski, PharmD; Nathan I. Shapiro, MD, MPH; Kevin W. Gibbs, MD; D. Clark Files, MD; David N. Hager, MD, PhD; Arber Shehu, MD; Matthew E. Prekker, MD, MPH; Heidi L. Erickson, MD; Matthew C. Exline, MD, MPH; Michelle N. Gong, MD; Amira Mohamed, MD; Daniel J. Henning, MD, MPH; Jay S. Steingrub, MD; Ithan D. Peltan, MD, MSc; Samuel M. Brown, MD, MS; Emily T. Martin, PhD; Arnold S. Monto, MD; Akram Khan, MD; Catherine L. Hough, MD; Laurence W. Busse, MD; Caitlin C. ten Lohuis, ACNP-BC; Abhijit Duggal, MD; Jennifer G. Wilson, MD; Alexandra June Gordon, MD; Nida Qadir, MD; Steven Y. Chang, MD, PhD; Christopher Mallow, MD, MHS; Carolina Rivas, BS; Hilary M. Babcock, MD, MPH; Jennie H. Kwon, DO, MSci; Natasha Halasa, MD, MPH; James D. Chappell, MD, PhD; Adam S. Lauring, MD, PhD; Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH; Todd W. Rice, MD, MSci; Ian D. Jones, MD; William B. Stubblefield, MD, MPH; Adrienne Baughman, BS; Kelsey N. Womack, PhD; Jillian P. Rhoads, PhD; Christopher J. Lindsell, PhD; Kimberly W. Hart, MA; Yuwei Zhu, MD, MS; Samantha M. Olson, MPH; Miwako Kobayashi, MD; Jennifer R. Verani, MD, MPH; Manish M. Patel, MD; Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
Incidence of Pancreatic Cancer by Age and Sex in the US, 2000-2018
Authors: Srinivas Gaddam, Yazan Abboud, Janice Oh, Jamil S. Samaan, Nicholas N. Nissen, Shelly C. Lu, Simon K. Lo
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Nora B. Henrikson, PhD, MPH; Erin J. Aiello Bowles, MPH; Paula R. Blasi, MPH; Caitlin C. Morrison, MPH; Matt Nguyen, MPH; Venu G. Pillarisetty, MD; Jennifer S. Lin, MD, MCR
Non-invasive ventilation versus invasive weaning in critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Karen E A Burns, James Stevenson, Matthew Laird, Neill K J Adhikari, Yuchong Li, Cong Lu, Xiaolin He, Wentao Wang, Zhenting Liang, Lu Chen, Haibo Zhang, Jan O Friedrich
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Extubation to non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been investigated as a strategy to wean critically ill adults from invasive ventilation and reduce ventilator-related complications.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, proceedings of four conferences and bibliographies (to June 2020) for randomised and quasi-randomised trials that compared extubation with immediate application of NIV to continued invasive weaning in intubated adults and reported mortality (primary outcome) or other outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened citations, assessed trial quality and abstracted data.We identified 28 trials, of moderate-to-good quality, involving 2066 patients, 44.6% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Non-invasive weaning significantly reduced mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.57, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.74; high quality), weaning failures (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.81; high quality), pneumonia (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.41; high quality), intensive care unit (ICU) (mean difference (MD) -4.62 days, 95% CI -5.91 to -3.34) and hospital stay (MD -6.29 days, 95% CI -8.90 to -3.68). Non-invasive weaning also significantly reduced the total duration of ventilation, duration of invasive ventilation and duration of ventilation related to weaning (MD -0.57, 95% CI -1.08 to -0.07) and tracheostomy rate. Mortality, pneumonia, reintubation and ICU stay were significantly lower in trials enrolling COPD (vs mixed) populations.Non-invasive weaning significantly reduced mortality, pneumonia and the duration of ventilation related to weaning, particularly in patients with COPD. Beneficial effects are less clear (or more careful patient selection is required) in non-COPD patients.CRD42020201402.
Clinical Outcomes of Rivaroxaban Monotherapy in Heart Failure Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Stable Coronary Disease: Insights From the AFIRE Trial
Authors: Yoshiyuki Yazaki, Masato Nakamura, Raisuke Iijima, Satoshi Yasuda, Koichi Kaikita, Masaharu Akao, Junya Ako, Tetsuya Matoba, Katsumi Miyauchi, Nobuhisa Hagiwara, Kazuo Kimura, Atsushi Hirayama, Kunihiko Matsui, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2021)
Cardioversion in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation: observational study using prospectively collected registry data
Authors: Marita Knudsen Pope, Trygve S Hall, Valentina Schirripa, Petra Radic, Saverio Virdone, Karen S Pieper, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Petr Jansky, David A Fitzmaurice, Riccardo Cappato, Dan Atar, A John Camm, Ajay K Kakkar
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent cardioversion compared with those who did not have cardioverson in a large dataset of patients with recent onset non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Design Observational study using prospectively collected registry data (Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-AF—GARFIELD-AF). Setting 1317 participating sites in 35 countries. Participants 52 057 patients aged 18 years and older with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (up to six weeks’ duration) and at least one investigator determined stroke risk factor. Main outcome measures Comparisons were made between patients who received cardioversion and those who had no cardioversion at baseline, and between patients who received direct current cardioversion and those who had pharmacological cardioversion. Overlap propensity weighting with Cox proportional hazards models was used to evaluate the effect of cardioversion on clinical endpoints (all cause mortality, non-haemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism, and major bleeding), adjusting for baseline risk and patient selection. Results 44 201 patients were included in the analysis comparing cardioversion and no cardioversion, and of these, 6595 (14.9%) underwent cardioversion at baseline. The propensity score weighted hazard ratio for all cause mortality in the cardioversion group was 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.63 to 0.86) from baseline to one year follow-up and 0.77 (0.64 to 0.93) from one year to two year follow-up. Of the 6595 patients who had cardioversion at baseline, 299 had a follow-up cardioversion more than 48 days after enrolment. 7175 patients were assessed in the analysis comparing type of cardioversion: 2427 (33.8%) received pharmacological cardioversion and 4748 (66.2%) had direct current cardioversion. During one year follow-up, event rates (per 100 patient years) for all cause mortality in patients who received direct current and pharmacological cardioversion were 1.36 (1.13 to 1.64) and 1.70 (1.35 to 2.14), respectively. Conclusion In this large dataset of patients with recent onset non-valvular atrial fibrillation, a small proportion were treated with cardioversion. Direct current cardioversion was performed twice as often as pharmacological cardioversion, and there appeared to be no major difference in outcome events for these two cardioversion modalities. For the overall cardioversion group, after adjustments for confounders, a significantly lower risk of mortality was found in patients who received early cardioversion compared with those who did not receive early cardioversion. Study registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01090362 .
TCT-467 Protein-Energy Malnutrition Is Associated With Cardiac Arrest and a Longer Hospital Length of Stay in Patients Admitted With Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: Michael Fatuyi, Leanne Pereira, Vahid Namdarizandi, Awfa Zain Elabidin, Vivek Sharma, Oluwasegun Akinti, Rukayat Otulana, Oluwafunmilayo Fatuyi, Asimul Ansari, Kamal Shemisa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE HANDS AND KNEES IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND ARTHRALGIA - A PILOT STUDY
Authors: L. Brakenhoff, W. Stomp, F. van Gaalen, H. Fidder, J. Bloem, D. van der Heijde, M. Reijnierse, D. Hommes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)
Utility of Noninvasive Rejection Biomarkers to Assess the Risk of Rejection in Kidney Transplant Recipients with Post COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Samah Hoque, Young C. Hsu, Harsha Aramada, Aaron J. Ahearn, Thin Thin Maw
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Hoque, Samah; Hsu, Young C.; Aramada, Harsha; Ahearn, Aaron J.; Maw, Thin Thin Author Information
Childhood asthma: pathogenesis and phenotypes
Authors: Mariëlle W. Pijnenburg, Urs Frey, Johan C. De Jongste, Sejal Saglani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

In the pathogenesis of asthma in children there is a pivotal role for a type 2 inflammatory response to early life exposures or events. Interactions between infections, atopy, genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures (such as farmyard environment, air pollution and tobacco smoke exposure) influence the development of wheezing illness and the risk of progression to asthma. The immune system, lung function and the microbiome in gut and airways develop in parallel, and dysbiosis of the microbiome may be a critical factor in asthma development. Increased infant weight gain and preterm birth are other risk factors for development of asthma and reduced lung function. The complex interplay between these factors explains the heterogeneity of asthma in children. Subgroups of patients can be identified as phenotypes, based on clinical parameters, or endotypes, based on a specific pathophysiological mechanism. Paediatric asthma phenotypes and endotypes may ultimately help to improve diagnosis of asthma, prediction of asthma development and treatment of individual children, based on clinical, temporal, developmental or inflammatory characteristics. Unbiased, data-driven clustering, using a multidimensional or systems biology approach may be needed to better define phenotypes. The present knowledge on inflammatory phenotypes of childhood asthma has now been successfully applied in the treatment with biologicals of children with severe therapy-resistant asthma, and it is to be expected that more personalised treatment options may become available.
A Unique Multifunctional Nanoenzyme Tailored for Triggering Tumor Microenvironment Activated NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging and Chemodynamic/Photothermal Combined Therapy
Authors: Shulong Wang, Jingjin Zhao, Liangliang Zhang, Chaobang Zhang, Zhidong Qiu, Shulin Zhao, Yong Huang, Hong Liang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

The accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy of malignant tumors face significant challenges. To address these, an oxidized molybdenum polyoxometalate-copper nanocomposite (Ox-POM@Cu) is designed and synthesized here. The doping with Cu determines the formation of oxygen vacancies, which can increase the carrier concentration in Ox-POM@Cu, accelerate electron transfer, and enhance the redox activity, thus playing an efficient catalytic role. The nanocomposite presents unique enzymatic functions characterized by a multielement catalytic activity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, it can be employed as an NIR-II photoacoustic imaging (PAI) probe and cancer therapy agent. First, it participates in a redox reaction with glutathione (GSH) in tumor tissues, activates the PAI and photothermal therapy functions via NIR-II irradiation, and depletes the GSH supply in cancerous cells. Subsequently, it catalyzes a Fenton-like reaction with H2 O2 in tumor tissues to form hydroxyl radicals, thereby performing a chemodynamic therapy function. The findings show that the developed nanoenzyme is very efficient in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. This work not only provides a new strategy for the design of TME-induced NIR-II PAI but also presents new insights into enhanced cancer therapy.
Taming the Wild-Type Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: Improved Tissue Culture
Authors: Andrew M. Blakely, John W. Glod, Mary Frances Wedekind Malone
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumors (WT GIST) are most frequently characterized by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) deficiency. Reliable ex vivo tumor models have been difficult to develop given the downstream metabolic effects of SDH deficiency. Improved tumor modeling approaches are needed to develop effective systemic treatment options for patients with WT GIST. See related article by Yebra et al., p. 187
I Am Worried About Falling: What Do I Need to Know?
Authors: Lauren I. Lederle, Eric Widera
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Are Falls Serious?Falls are the most common cause of injury among older adults; more than 1 in 4 adults over age 65 years will have a fall in any given year.A quarter of falls lead to serious injury, including broken bones, head injury, and even death.Falls can lead to a fear of falling, which can limit usual activities, lead to a loss of independence, and increase the risk of needing to live in a nursing home.