tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relevance of pRB Loss in Human Malignancies
Authors: Amy C. Mandigo, Scott A. Tomlins, William K. Kelly, Karen E. Knudsen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) is a known regulator of cell-cycle control; however, recent studies identified critical functions for pRB in regulating cancer-associated gene networks that influence the DNA damage response, apoptosis, and cell metabolism. Understanding the impact of these pRB functions on cancer development and progression in the clinical setting will be essential, given the prevalence of pRB loss of function across disease types. Moreover, the current state of evidence supports the concept that pRB loss results in pleiotropic effects distinct from tumor proliferation. Here, the implications of pRB loss (and resultant pathway deregulation) on disease progression and therapeutic response will be reviewed, based on clinical observation. Developing a better understanding of the pRB-regulated pathways that underpin the aggressive features of pRB-deficient tumors will be essential for further developing pRB as a biomarker of disease progression and for stratifying pRB-deficient tumors into more effective treatment regimens.
Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A in hepatic stellate cells protects against fibrosis
Authors: Marcos F. Fondevila, Uxia Fernandez, Violeta Heras, Tamara Parracho, Maria J. Gonzalez-Rellan, Eva Novoa, Begoña Porteiro, Cristina Alonso, Rebeca Mayo, Natalia da Silva Lima, Cristina Iglesias, Aveline A. Filliol, Ana Senra, Teresa C. Delgado, Ashwin Woodhoo, Laura Herrero, Dolors Serra, Vincent Prevot, Markus Schwaninger, Miguel López, Carlos Dieguez, Oscar Millet, Jose M. Mato, Francisco J. Cubero, Marta Varela-Rey, Paula Iruzubieta, Javier Crespo, Maria L. Martinez-Chantar, Robert F. Schwabe, Ruben Nogueiras
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2022)

The pathogenesis of liver fibrosis requires activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs); once activated, HSCs lose intracellular fatty acids but the role of fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) in this process remains largely unexplored.CPT1A was found in HSCs of patients with fibrosis. Pharmacological and genetic manipulation of CPT1A were performed in human HSC cell lines and primary HCSs. Finally, we induced fibrosis in mice lacking CPT1A specifically in HSCs.Herein, we show that CPT1A expression is elevated in HSCs of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, showing a positive correlation with the fibrosis score. This was corroborated in rodents with fibrosis, as well as in primary human HSCs and LX-2 cells activated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and fetal bovine serum (FBS). Furthermore, both pharmacological and genetic silencing of CPT1A prevent TGFβ1- and FBS-induced HSC activation by reducing mitochondrial activity. The overexpression of CPT1A, induced by saturated fatty acids and reactive oxygen species, triggers mitochondrial activity and the expression of fibrogenic markers. Finally, mice lacking CPT1A specifically in HSCs are protected against fibrosis induced by a choline-deficient high-fat diet, a methionine- and choline-deficient diet, or treatment with carbon tetrachloride.These results indicate that CPT1A plays a critical role in the activation of HSCs and is implicated in the development of liver fibrosis, making it a potentially actionable target for fibrosis treatment.We show that the enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is elevated in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in patients with fibrosis and mouse models of fibrosis, and that CPT1A induces the activation of these cells. Inhibition of CPT1A ameliorates fibrosis by preventing the activation of HSCs.
Lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: H. M. Abdel-Dayem, Q. H. Siraj, B. D. Collier
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Lymphoscintigraphy, the radionuclide technique of imaging the lymphatic system using interstitially injected particulate radiopharmaceuticals, was introduced more than four decades ago [1–3]. During this period, with technological developments in nuclear medicine equipment and the introduction of improved radiopharmaceuticals, the technique has evolved into an important diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the lymphatic system.
Combined endoscopic and surgical management of a right intrahepatic bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Pierre Mayer, Lucile Héroin, François Habersetzer, Michel Vix, Patrick Pessaux, Emanuele Felli, Guillaume Mathis
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Biliary tract wounds are a rare complication of cholecystectomy [1]. They lead to the appearance of intra- or extrahepatic biliary stenosis, which usually requires endoscopic treatment [2] [3] [4]. They occur mainly when inflammation persists after cholecystitis or angiocholitis. The direct connection of the right posterior bile duct to the common hepatic duct is a well-known anatomical variant of the biliary tract, which can lead to the sectioning of the right posterior bile duct during cholecystectomy [1]. We report here the case of a 70-year-old woman who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy following acute cholecystitis. During the procedure, bile flow was found after sectioning of the cystic duct. Intraoperative opacification of the biliary tract showed it being in fact the right posterior bile duct. At the same time, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed. After biliary wound catheterization, the guidewire was introduced inside the right posterior bile ducts laparoscopically ([Fig. 1]). A 7 Fr × 15 cm plastic biliary stent was then placed under endoscopic, fluoroscopic, and laparoscopic guidance inside the right posterior bile ducts to aid healing of the bile duct ([Video 1]).
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1959)

ANY QUESTIONS?then doses of potassium chloride up to 18 g. (240mEq.) a day may be needed: these cannot always be tolerated.Intravenous therapy should be avoided if possible, because of the risk of cardiac arrest, and not more than 2 g. (27 mEq.) potassium should be added to a litre of fluid.It often takes several days to repair the potassium deficit.Finally, it is worth remembering that potassium deficiency potentiates the action of digitalis, and there is evidence that it may precipitate hepatic failure in patients with liver disease. Permanent Freckles
Long-term outcomes of a pilot study on highly hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy over three weeks for localized prostate cancer.
Authors: Kiyonao Nakamura, Itaru Ikeda, Haruo Inokuchi, Rihito Aizawa, Shusuke Akamatsu, Takashi Kobayashi, Takashi Mizowaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

259 Background: A number of reports have been published on both moderately hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for localized prostate cancers using 2.4 – 3.4 Gy per fraction over 4 – 6 weeks, and ultrahypofractionation over 1 – 2 weeks using 6 Gy or more per fraction. However, long-term outcomes have sparsely been reported using doses between these two fractionations (3.4 – 6.0 Gy per fraction) over 2 – 3 weeks (high hypofractionation). Therefore, we performed a pilot study of highly hypofractionated IMRT in 15 fractions using 3.6 Gy per fraction over 3 weeks for localized prostate cancer. We now report the long-term outcomes of the study. Methods: Twenty-five patients with low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer were enrolled in this prospective study from April 2014 to September 2015. Fifty-four Gy in 15 fractions (3.6 Gy per fraction) was delivered over three weeks using IMRT with CBCT-based image guidance without intraprostatic fiducial markers. Based on an estimated alpha/beta ratio for prostate cancer of 1.5 Gy, the EQD2 was 78.7 Gy for the present dose fractionation. Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (HT) was administered to intermediate-risk patients for 4 – 8 months, but was not mandatory in patients with low-risk disease. Adjuvant HT was not provided for any patient. Biochemical relapse-free survival (BRFS), clinical relapse-free survival (CRFS), overall survival (OS), and the cumulative incidence rate of late toxicities were analyzed using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: Twenty-four patients were treated with highly hypofractionated IMRT, except one case switched to conventionally fractionated IMRT because we could not meet the dose constraint of the small bowel in treatment planning. Among the 24 patients, 17 % had low-risk, and 83% had intermediate-risk disease. Neoadjuvant HT was administered to 23 patients, and the median duration of HT was 5.3 months. The median follow-up period was 77 months (range, 57–87 months). BRFS, CRFS, and OS were 91.7%, 95.8% and 95.8% at 5 years, and 87.5%, 86.3% and 95.8% at 7 years, respectively. No patient died of prostate cancer, but one patient died due to the other cancer. Neither grade ≥2 late gastrointestinal toxicity nor ≥3 late genitourinary toxicity was observed. Grade 2 late genitourinary toxicity did not occur during the first 4 years, but was developed in 5 patients after more than 4-year follow-up. The cumulative incidence rate was 12.9% and 22.8% at 5 and 7 years, respectively. Conclusions: Highly hypofractionated IMRT delivering 54 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks for prostate cancer without intraprostatic fiducial markers demonstrates favorable oncological outcomes with no severe complications. This treatment approach could be a possible alternative of moderate hypofractionation, although further studies will be mandatory.
Cellulolytic bacteria in the large intestine of mammals
Authors: Alicia Froidurot, Véronique Julliand
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

The utilization of dietary cellulose by resident bacteria in the large intestine of mammals, both herbivores and omnivores (including humans), has been a subject of interest since the nineteenth century. Cellulolytic bacteria are key participants in this breakdown process of cellulose, which is otherwise indigestible by the host. They critically contribute to host nutrition and health through the production of short-chain fatty acids, in addition to maintaining the balance of intestinal microbiota. Despite this key role, cellulolytic bacteria have not been well studied. In this review, we first retrace the history of the discovery of cellulolytic bacteria in the large intestine. We then focus on the current knowledge of cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the large intestine of various animal species and humans and discuss the methods used for isolating these bacteria. Moreover, we summarize the enzymes and the mechanisms involved in cellulose degradation. Finally, we present the contribution of these bacteria to the host.
Neurological Channelopathies
Authors: Dimitri M. Kullmann
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2010)

Inherited ion channel mutations can affect the entire nervous system. Many cause paroxysmal disturbances of brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve or skeletal muscle function, with normal neurological development and function in between attacks. To fully understand how mutations of ion channel genes cause disease, we need to know the normal location and function of the channel subunit, consequences of the mutation for biogenesis and biophysical properties, and possible compensatory changes in other channels that contribute to cell or circuit excitability. Animal models of monogenic channelopathies increasingly help our understanding. An important challenge for the future is to determine how more subtle derangements of ion channel function, which arise from the interaction of genetic and environmental influences, contribute to common paroxysomal disorders, including idiopathic epilepsy and migraine, that share features with rare monogenic channelopathies.
The Analyst's Role.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 351: Predictors of Neurological Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Ventricular Fibrillation Witnessed by Emergency Medical Service P.ersonnel., JCS-ReSS Study
Authors: Katsutaka Hashiba, Yoshio Tahara, Kazuo Kimura, Tsutomu Endo, Kouichi Tamura, Naohiro Yonemoto, Hiroshi Nonogi, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Ken Nagao
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Effective advanced life support is one of the important link in the chain of survival. In Japan, the emergency medical service (EMS) personnel can perform defibrillation, advanced airway management, intravenous access and administration of epinephrine as an advanced life support intervention for the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, whether these interventions performed by EMS improves neurological outcomes remains unclear. Objective: To evaluate predictors of favorable neurological outcome in patients suffering OHCA with ventricular fibrillation (VF) witnessed by an EMS personnel. Methods: The Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA) of Japan developed a nationwide database of a prospective population-based cohort using an Utstein-style template for OHCA patients since January 2005. To evaluate data after the publication of Guideline2010, data from January 2011 to December 2015 of this database was used for the current analysis. A multivariate logistic-regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with favorable neurological outcome (defined as Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2) 1 month after cardiac arrest. Results: Of the 629,471 patients documented for the study period, 2,301 adult patients with an OHCA of cardiac origin and VF for the initial rhythm witnessed by an EMS personnel were included in the present analysis. The overall mortality was 49.6%. Rate of return of spontaneous circulation and favorable neurological outcome were 53.4% and 44.8%, respectively. High age (OR0.387, 95%CI0.316-0.472, p&lt;0.001), delayed defibrillation (OR0.598, 95%CI0.493-0.723, p&lt;0.001), advanced airway management (OR0.305, 95%CI0.223-0.413, p&lt;0.001), administration of epinephrine (OR0.356, 95%CI0.213-0.585, p&lt;0.001) and multiple attempts of defibrillation (OR0.484, 95%CI0.402-0.582, p&lt;0.001) were negatively associated with favorable neurological outcome. Conclusion: In patients with VF witnessed by EMS personnel, resuscitation efforts should simply focus on early defibrillation and CPR without advanced interventions.
Terminology for hepatic allograft rejection*1
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Indications for splenectomy (SP) during whole liver transplantation (LT) remain controversial and SP is often avoided because of common complications. We aimed to evaluate specific complications of these combined procedures.Data were retrospectively analysed. Splenectomy was performed in patients with splenorenal shunt and/or splenic artery aneurysms or hypersplenism. Patients undergoing simultaneous transplantation and splenectomy (LTSP group) were matched to a non-splenectomy group (LT group).Between 1994 and 2013, we included 47 and 94 patients in LTSP and LT groups, respectively. The LTSP patients had a higher rate of pre-LT portal vein thrombosis (PVT). The LTSP group had a longer operative time and greater blood loss. Mean follow-up was 101 months and 5-year survivals were identical (LTSP 85% vs LT 88%, p = 0.831). Hospital morbidity and rejection incidence were comparable, whereas de novo PVT (34% vs 2%, p < 0.0001) and infection (47% vs 25%, p = 0.014) rates were higher after SP.Splenectomy during LT is technically demanding and exposes recipients to a higher thrombosis rate, therefore portal vein patency must be specifically assessed postoperatively. In selected recipients, SP can be performed without increased mortality but at the price of worsening outcome as evidenced by greater risk of infection and PVT.
Surgical Cancer Care for Dually Eligible Beneficiaries
Authors: Michael R. Visenio, Karl Y. Bilimoria, Ryan P. Merkow
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
NORMAL CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY
Authors: F. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1927)

OgXteyDC6AL J.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W solution and swallowed may be caught up in the same way (H.K. Wilson).Bone buttons can frequently be detected, after the swallowing of a bisiaVitlh solution.Whether the foreign body be located in the larynx, the trachea, the bronchli, or the oesophagus, an antero-posterior and a lateral or lateral oblique x-ray examination should always be made.A comparison of the results thus obtained may be of the uttmost value to the endoscopist.Radiographli is indeed the handmaiden of endoscopy, and her aid lhts often Ibeen and will continue to be of indisp-ensable assistance in this branch of surgery.JI coniclusion -1 miake no, apology for omitting any description ol illustrations of the many tyl)es of endoscopes and instruments used with them; they can be seen in the surgical instrument catalogues, their number is legion, and they increase more, rapidly than the foreign bodies which they are devised to deal with.Still less would it be worth while to dwell on the details of manipulative technique, because these can only be acquired by patient aiid painst taking practice.My object will be attained if those who have glanced through the histories of the cases which I have reported will learn from them some of the lessons which it hay seemed worth while, to emphasize.
Birth asphyxia.
Authors: C. G. Newman, R. S. Evans, W. J. Appleyard
Journal: BMJ (1968)

JouB<rm 367 susceptibility to thromboembolism seems likely to be established within the first few months.Obviously it is important to know if there is a critical period of a few months (for argument's sake, between 24 and 36 weeks after commencement, corresponding to the critical period during pregnancy) after which the incidence of thromboembolism falls abruptly, or if the risk remains at the same level throughout the period of taking the pill (full allowance being made for agedependency).In other words, if the 10 cases of thromboembolism occurring within 6 months of starting the pill are disregarded, do the remaining 16 cases constitute a significantly high incidence of the disease ?Drs.Vessey and Doll's comments on this point would, I feel sure, be welcomed.-I am, etc.,
Abstract 17220: Risk Factors for Recurrent Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in 783 Women in California
Authors: Punag Divanji, Gregory Nah, Ian Harris, Anu Agarwal, Nisha I Parikh
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Characterized by significant left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and clinical heart failure (HF), peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) has an incidence of approximately 1/2200 live births (0.04%). Prior studies estimate that approximately 25% of those with recovered LV function will have recurrent clinical PPCM during subsequent pregnancies, compared to 50% of those without recovered LV function. Specific predictors of recurrent PPCM have not been studied in cohorts with large numbers. Methods: From 2005-2011, we identified 1,872,227 pregnancies by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes in the California Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) database, which captures over 95% of the California hospitalized population. Excluding 15,765 women with prior cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, stroke, HF, valve disease, or congenital heart disease), yielded n=1,856,462 women. Among women without prior cardiovascular disease, we identified index and subsequent pregnancies with PPCM to determine episodes of recurrent PPCM. We considered the following potential predictors of PPCM recurrence in both univariate and age-adjusted logistic regression models: age, race, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, chronic kidney disease, family history, pre-eclampsia, ectopic pregnancy, income, and insurance status. Results: In HCUP, n=783 women had pregnancies complicated by PPCM (mean age=30.8 years). Among these women, n=133 had a subsequent pregnancy (17%; mean age=28.1 years), with a mean follow-up of 4.34 years (±1.71 years). In this group of 133 subsequent pregnancies, n=14 (10.5%) were complicated by recurrent PPCM, with a mean time-to-event of 2.2 years (±1.89 years). Among the risk factors studied, the only univariate predictor of recurrent PPCM was grand multiparity, defined as ≥ 5 previous deliveries (odds ratio: 22; 95% confidence interval 4.43-118.22). The other predictors we studied were not significantly associated with recurrent PPCM in either univariate or multivariable models. Conclusion: In a large population database in California with 783 cases of PPCM over a 6-year period, 17% of women had a subsequent pregnancy, of which 10.5% had recurrent PPCM. In age-adjusted logistic regression models, grand multiparity was the only statistically significant predictor of recurrent PPCM.
Tuberculin Conversion
Authors: Charles W. Ochs
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The tuberculin response in a crew of nearly 1,000 men on board a US Navy ship was investigated for a one-year period. The incidence of tuberculin conversion was found to be high even though no active tuberculosis was detected. Most of the men manifesting conversion had tuberculin reactions which were weak and highly variable. The reactions were similar to those attributed to atypical mycobacteria in several recently reported studies. Crossreactions from nontuberculous organisms must be considered when evaluating tuberculin test results obtained in the investigation of tuberculosis.