tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serial long-term assessment of the natural history of asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function.
Authors: R OBonow, ELakatos, B JMaron, S EEpstein
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDMany asymptomatic patients with aorta regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function remain clinically stable for many years, but others ultimately develop symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction and require operation. To identify indexes of left ventricular function predictive of symptomatic and functional deterioration during the long-term course of asymptomatic patients, we studied 104 asymptomatic patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular ejection fraction at rest.METHODS AND RESULTSSerial echocardiographic (average, 7.8 per patient) and radionuclide angiographic (average, 5.0 per patient) studies were obtained over a mean follow-up period of 8 years (range, 2-16 years). By Kaplan-Meier life table analysis, 58 +/- 9% of patients remained asymptomatic with normal ejection fraction at 11 years, an average attrition rate of less than 5% per year; two patients died suddenly, four developed asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, and 19 underwe...
Noninvasive measurement of the time constant of left ventricular relaxation using the continuous-wave Doppler velocity profile of mitral regurgitation.
Authors: CChen, LRodriguez, R ALevine, A EWeyman, J DThomas
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDThe time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau) is an important parameter of ventricular diastolic function, but the need for invasive measurement with high-fidelity catheters has limited its use in general clinical cardiology. The Doppler mitral regurgitant velocity spectrum can be used to estimate left ventricular (LV) pressure throughout systole and may provide a new noninvasive method for estimating tau.METHODS AND RESULTSMitral regurgitation was produced in nine dogs, and ventricular relaxation was adjusted pharmacologically and with hypothermia. High-fidelity ventricular pressures were recorded, and tau was calculated from these hemodynamic data (tau H) assuming a zero-pressure asymptote. Continuous-wave mitral regurgitant velocity profiles were obtained, and the ventriculo-atrial (VA) pressure gradient was calculated by the simplified Bernoulli equation; tau was calculated from the Doppler data from the time of maximal negative dP/dt until LV-LA pressure crossover. Three methods were use...
Cumulative burden of inflammation predicts colorectal neoplasia risk in ulcerative colitis: a large single-centre study
Authors: Chang-Ho Ryan Choi, Ibrahim Al Bakir, Nik-Sheng (John) Ding, Gui-Han Lee, Alan Askari, Janindra Warusavitarne, Morgan Moorghen, Adam Humphries, Ana Ignjatovic-Wilson, Siwan Thomas-Gibson, Brian P Saunders, Matthew D Rutter, Trevor A Graham, Ailsa L Hart
Journal: Gut (2017)

Objective Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a dynamic disease with its severity continuously changing over time. We hypothesised that the risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) in UC closely follows an actuarial accumulative inflammatory burden, which is inadequately represented by current risk stratification strategies. Design This was a retrospective single-centre study. Patients with extensive UC who were under colonoscopic surveillance between 2003 and 2012 were studied. Each surveillance episode was scored for a severity of microscopic inflammation (0=no activity; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe activity). The cumulative inflammatory burden (CIB) was defined as sum of: average score between each pair of surveillance episodes multiplied by the surveillance interval in years. Potential predictors were correlated with CRN outcome using time-dependent Cox regression. Results A total of 987 patients were followed for a median of 13 years (IQR, 9-18), 97 (9.8%) of whom developed CRN. Multivariate analysis showed that the CIB was significantly associated with CRN development (HR, 2.1 per 10-unit increase in CIB (equivalent of 10, 5 or 3.3 years of continuous mild, moderate or severe active microscopic inflammation); 95% CI 1.4 to 3.0; P&lt;0.001). Reflecting this, while inflammation severity based on the most recent colonoscopy alone was not significant (HR, 0.9 per-1-unit increase in severity; 95% CI 0.7 to 1.2; P=0.5), a mean severity score calculated from all colonoscopies performed in preceding 5 years was significantly associated with CRN risk (HR, 2.2 per-1-unit increase; 95% CI 1.6 to 3.1; P&lt;0.001). Conclusion The risk of CRN in UC is significantly associated with accumulative inflammatory burden. An accurate CRN risk stratification should involve assessment of multiple surveillance episodes to take this into account.
Tendon tissue engineering: Cells, growth factors, scaffolds and production techniques
Authors: Sandra Ruiz-Alonso, Markel Lafuente-Merchan, Jesús Ciriza, Laura Saenz-del-Burgo, Jose Luis Pedraz
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2021)

Tendon injuries are a global health problem that affects millions of people annually. The properties of tendons make their natural rehabilitation a very complex and long-lasting process. Thanks to the development of the fields of biomaterials, bioengineering and cell biology, a new discipline has emerged, tissue engineering. Within this discipline, diverse approaches have been proposed. The obtained results turn out to be promising, as increasingly more complex and natural tendon-like structures are obtained. In this review, the nature of the tendon and the conventional treatments that have been applied so far are underlined. Then, a comparison between the different tendon tissue engineering approaches that have been proposed to date is made, focusing on each of the elements necessary to obtain the structures that allow adequate regeneration of the tendon: growth factors, cells, scaffolds and techniques for scaffold development. The analysis of all these aspects allows understanding, in a global way, the effect that each element used in the regeneration of the tendon has and, thus, clarify the possible future approaches by making new combinations of materials, designs, cells and bioactive molecules to achieve a personalized regeneration of a functional tendon.
Selective gene expression in failing human heart. Quantification of steady-state levels of messenger RNA in endomyocardial biopsies using the polymerase chain reaction.
Authors: A MFeldman, P ERay, C MSilan, J AMercer, WMinobe, M RBristow
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDEvaluation of gene expression in failing human heart has been limited by the availability of cardiac tissue.METHODS AND RESULTSWe used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess gene expression in small quantities of failing and nonfailing human heart. PCR is a powerful new molecular biological tool that allows a small quantity of DNA to be amplified as much as 1 million-fold. Total RNA was extracted from 3-5 mg samples of human heart and reverse-transcribed to complementary DNA (cDNA). With selected oligonucleotide primers, we used PCR to amplify cDNAs encoding atrial natriuretic peptide, beta-myosin heavy chain, phospholamban, and cytoskeletal beta-actin. To quantify the relative levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) in human heart, a known amount of a control RNA was present in the reverse transcription and PCR reactions. The amount of mRNA in the sample could therefore be assessed in relation to the amount of control product. The control RNA was transcribed from a synthetic DNA template containi...
Release of endogenous catecholamines in the ischemic myocardium of the rat. Part A: Locally mediated release.
Authors: ASchömig, A MDart, RDietz, EMayer, WKübler
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The accumulation of endogenous catecholamines within the extracellular space of the ischemic myocardium has been studied in the isolated perfused (Langendorff) heart of the rat subjected to various periods of complete ischemia, with subsequent collection of the reperfusate. Catecholamines and deaminated metabolites were measured by radioenzymatic methods, or high pressure liquid chromatography. Ischemic periods of less than 10 minutes are not associated with an increased overflow of catecholamines or metabolites. Longer periods of ischemia are accompanied by the overflow of noradrenaline and its deaminated metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol. This overflow increases with lengthening of the preceding ischemic period (10 minutes: 2.5 +/- 0.6, 20 minutes: 209.8 +/- 17.2, 60 minutes: 1270.5 +/- 148.1 pmol noradrenaline/g heart). Noradrenaline concentration is highest during the first minute of reperfusion, suggesting that the noradrenaline detected during reperfusion is released into the extracellular space ...
Adrenergic regulation of myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity.
Authors: SWinegrad, AWeisberg, L ELin, GMcClellan
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

The amount of inorganic phosphate liberated by the adenosine triphosphatase activity of myosin in a thin section of cardiac tissue can be measured quantitatively by precipitation with calcium in an alkaline medium under a defined set of conditions. Specificity of the procedure for myosin adenosine triphosphatase has been confirmed by the response to inhibitors and to different degrees of contractile filament overlap. Precise quantitation of adenosine triphosphatase activity has been demonstrated by (1) constant rate over time, (2) linearity with amount of enzyme, (3) correct values for the Km of adenosine triphosphate, and (4) a similar value for Vmax to those determined by more traditional procedures. Stimulation of the beta-adrenergic system by the release of catecholamines following injection of the animal with 6-hydroxydopamine causes a rise and then a fall of both calcium- and actin-activated adenosine triphosphatase in parallel with the changes in blood levels of the transmitter. Tyramine injection ...
Potentiation of nitroglycerin-induced coronary dilatation by N-acetylcysteine.
Authors: M DWinniford, P LKennedy, P JWells, L DHillis
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Previous studies have suggested that (1) nitroglycerin causes vasodilatation by interacting with sulfhydryl groups in vascular smooth muscle, thereby activating guanylate cyclase and increasing the intracellular concentration of cyclic GMP, and (2) N-acetylcysteine, a source of sulfhydryl groups, potentiates the peripheral vasodilatory effect of nitroglycerin. This study was performed to explore the influence of N-acetylcysteine on nitroglycerin-induced coronary dilatation. In 18 patients (13 men and five women, 30 to 76 years old), coronary sinus blood flow (by thermodilution) was measured before and during intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin, 25 micrograms, both before and 5 min after a 15 min intravenous infusion of (1) 5% dextrose in water (n = 8, control) or (2) 100 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (n = 10). Nitroglycerin caused no change in heart rate or systemic arterial pressure. In the control patients, coronary sinus blood flow behaved similarly during the two injections: it was 134 +/- 36 ml/mi...
The effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition on vasomotion of proximal coronary arteries with endothelial damage.
Authors: G ELane, A ABove
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Vasomotion of the proximal branches of the left coronary artery was studied in an intact anesthetized canine preparation after injury to the endothelium of the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD) with a balloon angioplasty catheter. The dimensions of the left coronary artery were examined by quantitative angiography and LAD flow was measured by determining intracoronary 133Xe washout. Thirty minutes after endothelial damage alone dimensions of the LAD remained unchanged. In five dogs continued observation for a total of 120 min revealed no significant change in dimensions of the LAD. In another group of five dogs, after the administration of 5 mg/kg indomethacin there was a progressive reduction in cross-sectional area of the LAD by 60, 90, and 105 min (37%, 42%, and 50%, respectively, p less than .05). No significant change in the dimensions of the undamaged left circumflex artery was noted after the administration of indomethacin. The effect of another cyclooxygenase inhibi...
Modulated parasystole originating in the sinoatrial node.
Authors: JJalife, D CMichaels, RLangendorf
Journal: Circulation (1986)

A computer model of modulated sinus parasystole was devised in which two sinus pacemakers interacted electrotonically, entraining each other's periodicity according to their beat-to-beat phasic relationships. Depending on the preestablished rules, the model gave rise to various rhythm patterns that were similar to those recorded in patients with sinoatrial arrhythmias. The validity of the model in predicting clinically observed rhythm disturbances was tested in a case of sinoatrial extrasystolic activity. The sinoatrial origin of parasystolic discharges giving rise to various patterns of group beating in this case was diagnosed according to the following electrocardiographic criteria: premature P waves having contour identical to P waves of basic beats, variable coupling intervals, and absence of compensatory pauses (i.e., returning cycles having duration similar to that of the basic P-P interval). For the analysis, it was assumed that two distinct but closely apposed sinoatrial pacemaker centers were c...
Normalization of bundle branch block patterns by distal His bundle pacing. Clinical and experimental evidence of longitudinal dissociation in the pathologic his bundle.
Authors: NEl-Sherif, FAmay-Y-Leon, CSchonfield, B JScherlag, KRosen, RLazzara, CWyndham
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Clinical and experimental observations in which bundle branch block patterns (BBBP) in ECG leads were normalized by distal His bundle (H) pacing are reported. The clinical material includes four patients with acute right BBBP secondary to anterior wall myocardial infarction and three patients with chronic left BBBP. Six of the seven patients had a prolonged H-V interval (60-85 msec) including three who showed evidence of an intra-H conduction delay (IHCD) with split H (H and H'). Distal H pacing from a right-sided electrode catheter normalized the BBBP with a stimulus-to-QRS (PI-V) interval 20-35 msec shorter than the H-V interval and almost identical to the H'-V interval in the three patients with documented IHCD. In 18 dogs ligation of the anterior septal artery resulted in IHCF with split H associated with right or left BBBP. Distal H pacing from catheter and/or plunge wire electrodes normalized the BBBP in 12 experiments (67%) with a PI-V interval identical to the H'-V interval. H pacing was selective...
Antibody Persistence through 6 Months after the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19
Authors: Nicole Doria-Rose, Mehul S Suthar, Mat Makowski, Sarah O'Connell, Adrian B McDermott, Britta Flach, Julie E Ledgerwood, John R Mascola, Barney S Graham, Bob C Lin, Sijy O'Dell, Stephen D Schmidt, Alicia T Widge, Venkata-Viswanadh Edara, Evan J Anderson, Lilin Lai, Katharine Floyd, Nadine G Rouphael, Veronika Zarnitsyna, Paul C Roberts, Mamodikoe Makhene, Wendy Buchanan, Catherine J Luke, John H Beigel, Lisa A Jackson, Kathleen M Neuzil, Hamilton Bennett, Brett Leav, Jim Albert, Pratap Kunwar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Persistence of Antibody after mRNA-1273 Vaccination A total of 33 participants who received both doses of the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 had blood drawn over a period of 6 months ...
Measurement of endothelial permeability to 125I-low density lipoproteins in rabbit arteries by use of en face preparations.
Authors: G ATruskey, W LRoberts, R AHerrmann, R AMalinauskas
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

A procedure of en face quantitative autoradiography of the endothelium (Hautchen preparations) was developed to examine regional variations in 125I-low density lipoprotein (125I-LDL) permeability in the arterial wall in vivo. Endothelial preparations from fixed arterial tissue and calibration standards consisting of known concentrations of 125I-albumin were dipped in nuclear emulsion, exposed for 1-3 months, developed, and stained with hematoxylin. Digital image analysis was used to analyze dark-field images of autoradiographs. Background grain densities on cold endothelial preparations were 30-100% higher than on glass, but the variability in grain densities on the two different surfaces was similar. Regression slopes of grain density versus concentration for calibration standards were the same for sections placed on cold tissue or glass. For 1-5-microns-thick calibration standards of the same concentration, the grain density was proportional to the total amount of radioactivity per unit area. The result...
Combined Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer with Mithramycin A and Tolfenamic Acid Promotes Sp1 Degradation and Synergistic Antitumor Activity—Response
Authors: J. Jack Lee, Maiying Kong
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Quantifying drug interactions in drug combination studies and classifying the interactions into categories of synergy, additivity, or antagonism are of interest to many researchers. We appreciate the comments from Dr. Chou and the opportunity to address this important issue. For illustration, we
Comment on: van Dijk et al. Exercise Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: Is Daily Exercise Required to Optimize Glycemic Control? Diabetes Care 2012;35:948-954
Authors: Saurabh S. Thosar, Janet P. Wallace
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We read with great interest the recent article by van Dijk et al. (1) supporting the importance of exercise in the treatment of diabetes. The authors deserve credit for conducting a difficult study on a topic that is of interest to researchers and clinicians alike. We wish to comment on the study design as well as important findings of the study that were overlooked in the manuscript.

Authors compared the glucose control between daily exercise (DE) (30 min) to exercise done every other day (EEOD) (60 min). We compliment the authors for controlling …
Poor Healing and Poor Squamous Regeneration after Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy for Early Barrett’s Neoplasia: Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes
Authors: SN van Munster, CN Frederiks, L Alvarez Herrero, A Bogte, A Alkhalaf, BE Schenk, E Schoon, W Curvers, AD Koch, SEM van de Ven, PJF de Jonge, T Tang, WB Nagengast, FTM Peters, J Westerhof, MHMG Houben, JJ Bergman, RE Pouw, BLAM Weusten
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Although endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is effective in most Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) patients, some might experience delayed healing with visible ulcerations (“poor healing”; PH) and/or regeneration with BE mucosa (“poor squamous regeneration”; PSR). We aimed to evaluate incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of PH/PSR patients.
Impairment of myocardial O2 supply due to hyperventilation.
Authors: W ANeill, MHattenhauer
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Thirteen patients with ischemic coronary heart disease purposely hyperventilated for seven minutes in order to induce hypocapnic alkalosis. One patient experienced chest pain, and one exhibited chemical signs of myocardial hypoxia. Heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial O2 consumption did not change significantly. Coronary blood flow decreased and coronary (a-v)O2 difference widened. Since the alkalosis increased the blood O2 affinity, the fall in PO2 in coronary venous blood was proportionately even greater than the fall in O2 concentration. Thus, hypocapnic alkalosis due to hyperventilation interferes with myocardial O2 supply by 1) coronary vasoconstriction and 2) increased O2 affinity of blood.
Immune changes beyond Th2 pathways during rapid multifood immunotherapy enabled with omalizumab
Authors: Monali Manohar, Diane Dunham, Sheena Gupta, Zheng Yan, Wenming Zhang, Samantha Minnicozzi, Matthew Kirkey, Bryan Bunning, Roshni Roy Chowdhury, Stephen J. Galli, Scott D. Boyd, Laurie Elizabeth Kost, R. Sharon Chinthrajah, Manisha Desai, Hans C. Oettgen, Holden T. Maecker, Wong Yu, Rosemarie H. DeKruyff, Sandra Andorf, Kari C. Nadeau
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Multifood oral immunotherapy (mOIT) with adjunctive anti-IgE (omalizumab, XOLAIR
The Treatment of Exophthalmic Goitre
Journal: BMJ (1926)

11 he found death to be due to asphyxia, while in the remaining 20 cases the skull was not dissected, so that no actual diagnosis was made. Browne, on the basis of an examination of 200 stillbirths in the Edinburgh Maternity Hospital, showed that cerebral haemorrhage was ten times more common in breech than in vertex cases. The moral to be drawn from these observations is that intracranial injuries resulting from the rapid extraction of the after-coming head are a considerably greater source of danger to the child than is asphyxia from delay in the birth of the head. It is generally accepted that the foetus can exist for at least ten minutes without receiving fresh supplies of oxygen. Bourne, in his valuable little book, Recent Advances in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, refers in this connexion to the apnoeic condition of children born after a prolonged period of  twilight sleep, and who, if left severely alone but merely kept warm, remain motion less for perhaps ten minutes or a quarter of an hour while the heart beats quite regularly, and then quietly and gradually establish respiratory movements. As one who uses  twilight sleej}  to a large extent, I have had a great many instances of this, and I can confirm it abso lutely. But the application of the matter at present is that it emphasizes the need for care and deliberation in the extraction of the head, and the danger of  hurry.
Multiple accessory pathways in patients with the pre-excitation syndrome.
Authors: J JGallagher, W CSealy, JKasell, A GWallace
Journal: Circulation (1976)

We have studied 135 patients with the pre-excitation syndrome and have demonstrated evidence of multiple accessory pathways in 20 patients. Five patients had two distinct accessory atrioventricular (A-V) connections, associated with enhanced A-V node conduction in one patient. Twelve patients had a single accessory A-V connection associated with enhanced A-V conduction. In one of these there was an additional fasciculo-ventricular connection. One patient had an accessory A-V connection associated with a nodoventricular bundle. Two patients had fasciculo-ventricular connections combined with enhanced A-V conduction. The latter two patients had electrocardiograms suggestive of a complete accessory A-V connection. Patients with enhanced A-V conduction had shorter cycle lengths during reciprocating tachycardia, primarily because of a short A-H during the dysrhythmia, than those without such conduction. In addition, patients with enhanced A-V conduction demonstrated more rapid conduction from atrium to His bun...
Measurement of mitral orifice area in patients with mitral valve disease by real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography.
Authors: W LHenry, J MGriffith, L LMichaelis, C LMcIntosh, A GMorrow, S EEpstein
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A quantitative assessment of mitral valve orifice area can be achieved in patients with pure mitral stenosis by cardiac catheterization. In the presence of mitral regurgitation, however, accurate measurement often is impossible because total diastolic flow through the mitral valve frequently is unknow. Using a recently developed real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography system, we are able to obtain cross-sectional images of the mitral valve by scanning the heart perpendicular to its long axis at the level of the tip of the mitral leaflets. Twenty consecutive patients undergoing operation for mitral valve disease were studied during the week prior to operation. In 18 of 20 (90%) the mitral orifice was imaged successfully in early diastole by two-dimensional echocardiography so that mitral valve orifice area could be measured directly in square centimeters. In 14 patients (ten with associated mitral regurgitation), mitral orifice area was measured both by echocardiography and directly at time of operatio...