tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FDG PET/CT in a Case of Diffuse Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jian Zhang, Zhongfei Yu, Zhi Li, Aisheng Dong, Yuzhao Zhu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Esophageal cancer usually shows focal intense FDG uptake on FDG PET. Diffuse FDG uptake pattern of the esophageal cancer has been rarely reported. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of esophageal adenocarcinoma showing diffusely intense FDG uptake mimicking esophagitis.
Health law
Authors: L. O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A 19th-century writer noted that "the science of legislation is like that of medicine in one respect: that it is far more easy to point out what will do harm than what will do good."<sup>1</sup>The continued retrenchment of the constitutional right to medical privacy for physicians and their patients emerged last year as distinctly harmful. The US Supreme Court has, case by case, limited the scope of medical privacy in the area of reproductive rights. Since<i>Roe v Wade</i>, the Court has upheld the authority of the state to withhold public funds<sup>2</sup>and to restrict the use of public employees and facilities for the performance of nontherapeutic abortions.<sup>3</sup>The right to privacy in other fields has been undermined as well.<sup>4</sup> The Supreme Court in<i>Rust v Sullivan</i><sup>5</sup>upheld a Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) regulation prohibiting federally funded family planning clinics from
Bronchial thermoplasty: what we know, what we don't know, and what we need to know
Authors: Richard J. Russell, Christopher E. Brightling
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Bronchial thermoplasty leads to sustained improvements in airway remodelling and clinical outcomes in severe asthma, but questions remain about how it works, who should be treated, and where it fits in current treatment guidelines <https://bit.ly/3xl1qZC>
Queries and Minor Notes.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physician and Other Health Care Professional Counseling of Smokers to Quit—United States, 1991
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Physicians and other health-care professionals play a lead role in the prevention of tobacco smoking in the United States. In particular, health-care professionals can assist patients to stop smoking by counseling them about quitting. To monitor progress toward the national health objectives for the year 2000 on tobacco use, data from CDC's 1991 National Health Interview Survey-Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (NHIS-HPDP) supplement were used to estimate the prevalence of outpatient physician and other health-care professional counseling of smokers to quit. This report summarizes the results of that survey.
Correction: SAR405838: A Novel and Potent Inhibitor of the MDM2:p53 Axis for the Treatment of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma
Authors: Kate Lynn J. Bill, Jeannine Garnett, Isabelle Meaux, XiaoYen Ma, Chad J. Creighton, Svetlana Bolshakov, Cedric Barriere, Laurent Debussche, Alexander J. Lazar, Bethany C. Prudner, Lucia Casadei, Danielle Braggio, Gonzalo Lopez, Abbie Zewdu, Hemant Bid, Lev Dina, Raphael E. Pollock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

In the original version of this article (1), the Lipo224B and LPS141 panels in Fig. 1A were inadvertently duplicated. The figure has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret the error.
Recent Advances in Biochemistry.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neutrophil-derived superoxide anion induces lipid peroxidation and stimulates collagen synthesis in human hepatic stellate cells: Role of nitric oxide
Authors: A Casini
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Experimental evidence indicates that the lipid peroxidation of biological membranes is often associated with the development of liver fibrosis. We have studied the effect of neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) on collagen synthesis by human hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the major source of collagen in the liver, in a coculture system. Lipid peroxidation in the cocultures was evaluated in terms of either malondialdehyde (MDA) production or the formation of MDA/4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts. The expression of cellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was evaluated by either Northern blotting or RNAse protection assay. Nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity in cells was measured by [3H]citrulline formation from [3H]arginine. In vitro exposure of HSC to ROS resulted in the early induction of lipid peroxidation and was associated with a marked increase (threefold) of procollagen I mRNA expression and synthesis. The addition of antioxidants, such as vitamin E or superoxide dismutase (SOD), impaired this stimulation. The inhibition of neutrophil NO formation by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine made the ROS-induced stimulation of procollagen I more evident. The addition of xanthine/xanthine oxidase X/XO, a superoxide anion donor, to HSC cultures strongly increased procollagen I synthesis. This stimulation was hampered by the addition of both SOD and sodium nitroprusside (an NO donor). The contribution of HSC to the production of NO in our coculture system was negligible, because inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA was almost undetectable in these cells, and also because the amount of NO produced by HSC stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was 500 times less than that synthesized by neutrophils. In conclusion, these results indicate that neutrophil-derived ROS may contribute to the development of hepatic fibrosis associated with alcoholic hepatitis. NO produced by neutrophils may exert a "protective" antioxidant effect by operating as a scavenger of superoxide anion.
TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Henry P. Frost
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1902)

The following description should have been inserted at page 482 in the January number of the Journal.—EDITOR DESCRIPTION OP PLATES. PLATE XIX. Figs. 1 2.—Large motor cell in left paracentral lobule showing pulverulent chromatic substance. Polychrome Methylene Blue, section 3 m. Leitz 1-12 Oil Im., Oc. 4. Fig. 3.—Cell of same region from another case, showing more nearly normal arrangement of Nissi bodies. Fig. 4.—Purkinje cell showing considerable chromatolysis. Polychrome Methylene Blue, section 3 m. Leitz 1-12 Oil Im., Oc. 4. Plate XX. Fig. 1.—Miliary aneurism surrounded by round cells and red blood-cells in the softened area of the left temporo-sphenoidal lobe. Section 6½m. Van Gieson stain. Leita, 7 Ob., Oc. 1. Fig. 2.—Cortex of softened area In the same region, showing infiltration with various cells. Section 3 m. Polychrome stain. Leitz 1-12 Oil Im., Oc. 4. Fig. 3 & 4.—Same region. Hæmatoxylin and Eosln stain showing infiltration and newly formed vessels with hemorrhages. Fig. 5.—Vessel from right temporo-sphenoidal lobe showing moderate proliferation of nuclei. Plate XXI. Fig. 1.—Small vessel showing proliferation of nuclei. Right paracentral region. Van Gieson stain. Leitz, Ob. 4, Oc. 3. Fig. 2.—Vessels from left superior frontal region showing moderate fibrous thickening. Section 6½ m. Van Gieson stain. Leitz, Ob. 7, Oc. 3. Figs. 3-4-5-6.—Vessels in cases of brain syphilis showing types of syphilitic changes. (Inserted for comparison.) Van Gieson stain. Plate Xxii. Figs. 1 & 2.—Cells from right temporal region showing neuroglia nuclei In pericellular space. Nissl stain. Leitz 1-12 Oil Im., Oc. 4. Fig. 3.—Similar change in right hippocampal region. Same stain and magnification.
Phase Ib Dose-escalation/Expansion Trial of Ribociclib in Combination With Everolimus and Exemestane in Postmenopausal Women with HR+, HER2− Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Aditya Bardia, Shanu Modi, Mafalda Oliveira, Javier Cortes, Mario Campone, Brigette Ma, Luc Dirix, Amy Weise, Becker Hewes, Ivan Diaz-Padilla, Yu Han, Priya Deshpande, Tanay S. Samant, Karen Rodriguez Lorenc, Wei He, Fei Su, Mariana Chavez-MacGregor
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2020)

Report results of the phase Ib dose-escalation/expansion study of triplet therapy with cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor (ribociclib), mTOR inhibitor (everolimus), and endocrine therapy (exemestane).Postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-), pretreated, advanced breast cancer (ABC) were enrolled. The primary objective of the dose-escalation phase was to estimate the MTD and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of triplet therapy through evaluation of the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the RP2D were evaluated in the dose-expansion phase in patients naïve or refractory to CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy.Patients (N = 116) received triplet therapy (n = 83 in the dose-escalation phase; n = 33 in the dose-expansion phase). A dose-dependent drug-drug interaction was observed for everolimus, with exposure increasing two- to fourfold in the presence of ribociclib. The RP2D was determined to be ribociclib 300 mg once daily, 3 weeks on/1 week off in a 4-week cycle, plus everolimus 2.5 mg once daily, plus exemestane 25 mg once daily taken with food. The safety profile was consistent with the known profiles of the combination partners, and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity was observed. Higher ESR1 gene expression trended with better treatment response to triplet therapy; higher gene expression of MAPK pathway genes trended with worse treatment response.Triplet therapy with endocrine therapy and mTOR and CDK4/6 inhibition provides clinical benefit and an acceptable safety profile in previously treated postmenopausal women with HR+, HER2- ABC.
Prognosis and correlation with Ca19.9 of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Andrés J. Muñoz Martín, Laura Ortega Morán, Natalia Gutiérrez Alonso, Diego Megias, Ana Lopez-Alfonso, Maria del Monte Millán, Rebeca Bernat, Rocío Martín Lozano, Roberto Jiménez Rodríguez, Irene Gonzalez Caraballo, Lucía Villarejo López, Tatiana Massarrah, Gabriela Torres Pérez-Solero, Aitana Calvo Ferrándiz, Montserrat Blanco-Codesido, Pilar Garcia-Alfonso, Miguel Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

586 Background: In recent years CTCs have been extensively studied in different neoplasms. However, in PC CTCs are still emerging as a potential prognostic tool and the significance in different stages of the disease and the correlation with tumor markers are poorly understood. Methods: We conducted an observational, prospective, cohort study in two Spanish centers. Isolation was carried out with Isoflux technology (Fluxion Biosciences, Inc. San Francisco, CA, USA), that is combining cell separation by immunomagnetic particles (positive selection) with a microfluidic system. Before isolation, it was performed a first cell enrichment step using the density gradient cell separation technique (Ficoll). Four different markers were used, including two mesenchymal markers, EpCAM and EGFR (EMT Enrichment Kit:EpCAM/EGFR/Mesenchymal). The count of CTCs was done in a confocal microscope using the iMSRC (intelligent Matrix Screen Remote Control). A high throughput system was performed over the entire area, using a 20x objective, increasing to a 60x objective. Primary endpoint was the prognostic significance of CTCs, correlating the number of CTCs at diagnosis with overall survival. Secondary endpoints: Correlation between number of CTCs with Ca19.9/CEA values, and the difference in the median value of CTCs in metastatic compared to locally advanced disease. CTCs were analyzed at day 0 (CTC-0), just before first chemotherapy cycle was administered. Results: Thirty-four patients were analyzed. Clinical characteristics: Table 1. Median follow up 12.0 months. Median value of CTC-0 was 347 (range 104 - 3273) for metastatic and 436 (81 - 1082) for locally advanced patients (p = 0.942). Correlation coefficient for Ca 19.9 0.006 (p = 0.97); CEA correlation coefficient 0.191 (p = 0.303). For a cutoff of 500 CTCs, we found an AUC of 0.8 for mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed an estimated median overall survival for patients with ≥500 CTCs of 8.6 months (95% confident interval [95% CI] 5.3 – 12) vs not reached for patients with &lt; 500 CTCs (p = 0.007). HR for mortality 3.3 (95% CI 1.3 – 8.4; p = 0.011) for patients with ≥ 500 CTCs. Conclusions: Our data suggest 500 CTCs might be a potential cutoff for prognostic assessment. The absence of differences of CTC-0 between metastatic and locally advanced patients supports the idea of a systemic disease irrespective of the presence of metastases at diagnosis. CTC-0 seems not to correlate with tumor markers at diagnosis.[Table: see text]
Abstract P139: Association of a Potentially Functional Wnt Pathway Mutation With Carotid Artery Wall Traits in African Ancestry Men
Authors: Allison L Kuipers, Iva Miljkovic, Emma Barinas-Mitchell, Ryan Cvejkus, Clareann H Bunker, Victor W Wheeler, Joseph M Zmuda
Journal: Circulation (2018)

The wingless (Wnt) pathway is known to regulate many human systems, including embryonic development, bone mineralization, and cancer. There is emerging basic research evidence that the Wnt pathway is also involved in angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and vascular damage repair. However, there have been no studies of the Wnt pathway and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in human populations. In a cohort of Afro-Caribbean men (the Tobago Health Study (THS)), we previously identified a potentially functional coding mutation (Ala64Thr) in the Frizzled-1 ( FZD1 ) gene, which acts as a co-receptor with the low-density lipoprotein receptor protein (LRP) to initiate the Wnt signaling cascade. This mutation has a carrier frequency of ~4% in the THS and additional studies reported in the 1000 genomes project have found similar frequencies in other predominantly West African populations. In order to investigate the phenotypic consequences of this Wnt pathway mutation on subclinical CVD, we measured carotid artery wall traits using B-mode ultrasonography in 64 Ala64Thr mutation carriers and 395 controls from the THS. For this analysis, carotid artery measures of interest included carotid plaque prevalence, and common carotid mean intima-media thickness (IMT), inter-adventitial diameter (IAD), and lumen diameter (LD). We assessed differences in carotid traits by Ala64Thr status using multiple linear regression adjusting for CVD risk factors, including age, BMI, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol intake, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Men were aged 64 years and were overweight (BMI: 27.5kg/m 2 ), on average. Prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes is high in this sample (66% and 24%, respectively). Men with Ala64Thr tended to be older and had higher prevalence of hypertension than non-carriers (P&lt;0.05 for both). Carrying the Ala64Thr mutation was associated with significantly wider carotid diameters and, after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors, mutation carriers had &gt;1/3 of a SD greater LD than non-carriers (P=0.01). The effect magnitude of this mutation was similar for IAD, though not statistically significant (P=0.08). There was no significant difference in carotid IMT or plaque prevalence. While this mutation is not expected to be severely deleterious using in silico prediction software, Ala64 is highly conserved and located in a putative signaling peptide sequence. Carriers of a low frequency FZD1 coding mutation show greater remodeling of the carotid artery compared to non-carriers, suggesting that the Wnt pathway may be involved in vascular changes that occur early in the atherosclerotic disease process.
Key interactions in the trimolecular complex consisting of the rheumatoid arthritis-associated DRB1*04:01 molecule, the major glycosylated collagen II peptide and the T-cell receptor
Authors: Changrong Ge, Sylvia Weisse, Bingze Xu, Doreen Dobritzsch, Johan Viljanen, Jan Kihlberg, Nhu-Nguyen Do, Nadine Schneider, Harald Lanig, Rikard Holmdahl, Harald Burkhardt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease strongly associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II allele DRB1*04:01, which encodes a protein that binds self-peptides for presentation to T cells. This study characterises the autoantigen-presenting function of DRB1*04:01 (HLA-DRA*01:01/HLA-DRB1*04:01) at a molecular level for prototypic T-cell determinants, focusing on a post-translationally modified collagen type II (Col2)-derived peptide.The crystal structures of DRB1*04:01 molecules in complex with the peptides HSP70289-306, citrullinated CILP982-996 and galactosylated Col2259-273 were determined on cocrystallisation. T cells specific for Col2259-273 were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with DRB1*04:01-positive RA by cytofluorometric detection of the activation marker CD154 on peptide stimulation and binding of fluorescent DRB1*0401/Col2259-273 tetramer complexes. The cDNAs encoding the T-cell receptor (TCR) α-chains and β-chains were cloned from single-cell sorted tetramer-positive T cells and transferred via a lentiviral vector into TCR-deficient Jurkat 76 cells.The crystal structures identified peptide binding to DRB1*04:01 and potential side chain exposure to T cells. The main TCR recognition sites in Col2259-273 were lysine residues that can be galactosylated. RA T-cell responses to DRB1*04:01-presented Col2259-273 were dependent on peptide galactosylation at lysine 264. Dynamic molecular modelling of a functionally characterised Col2259-273-specific TCR complexed with DRB1*04:01/Col2259-273 provided evidence for differential allosteric T-cell recognition of glycosylated lysine 264.The MHC-peptide-TCR interactions elucidated in our study provide new molecular insights into recognition of a post-translationally modified RA T-cell determinant with a known dominant role in arthritogenic and tolerogenic responses in murine Col2-induced arthritis.
Sideline Guilt
Authors: David B. Reuben
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

developer of the first widely administered polio vaccine), Paul Beeson (considered by many to have been the prototypical academic internist of the 20th century through his work at such institutions as Emory, Yale, Oxford, and the University of Washington), and Helen Taussig (founder of pediatric cardiology).It is reassuring to see medical professionals and the public again looking to the most respected virologists, epidemiologists, and other scientists to decipher what is happening and to recommend solutions.In some instances, the leaders of health care systems have been surprised to learn the depth of scientific expertise in their own organizations.In my institution, for example, investigators who had been working in relative obscurity were suddenly besieged with requests to develop and implement new tests for COVID-19, design sophisticated models to forecast the number of infections and predict the demand for health services, and to recommend therapeutic approaches.At the same time, physicians in other fields, whose research has temporarily been put on hold, have self-lessly come forward to work as clinicians, both in the hospitals and through telemedicine.During ordinary times, physicians in diverse specialties routinely provide important and superb care.During the COVID-19 crisis, many have set their usual activities aside to protect patients, provide space, and conserve personal protective equipment.The pandemic continues to inflict pain and suffering, and it remains unclear when our lives will regain some semblance of normality.Although some of the societal adjustments to the crisis may remain, I worry that we will simply lapse back into many of our former patterns.Nonetheless, I hope that some of the new adaptations in our health care systems will persist, and that the respect for those who rose and sacrificed to meet the challenges will not rapidly fade.When the time comes to reassemble our health systems, hospitals, and clinics, we should keep in mind the lessons we have all learned in recent weeks.
Intervention for stable angina: A multicenter comparison of consecutive patients undergoing enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) and PCI Richard Holubkov, Elizabeth D. Kennard, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Ozlem Soran, DAvid R. Holmes, Jr.. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)