tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Should You Recommend Cannabinoids for This Patient With Painful Neuropathy?
Authors: Gerald W. Smetana, Jeanette M. Tetrault, Kevin P. Hill, Risa B. Burns
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Cannabis includes 140 active cannabinoid compounds, the most important of which are tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD). Tetrahydrocannabinol is primarily responsible for the intoxicating effects of cannabis; CBD has potential therapeutic effects, including reduction in chronic pain. Recent legislative changes have resulted in the legal availability of cannabinoids in all 50 states, as well as a marked increase in patients' interest in their use. Despite an abundance of data, albeit of varied quality, clinicians may feel poorly prepared to counsel patients seeking advice on the suitability of CBD products for various indications, particularly chronic neuropathic pain. In 2018, on the basis of a systematic review of the literature, a Canadian Evidence Review Group published a guideline with recommendations for clinicians on prescribing cannabinoids in primary care practice. The overall quality of evidence was low to very low. In a meta-analysis of 15 randomized trials of medical cannabis for treating chronic pain, 39% of patients achieved at least a 30% reduction in pain. The corresponding value for placebo-treated patients was 30%; the number needed to treat was 11. More evidence exists for neuropathic pain than for other types of noncancer pain. Here, a general internist with a focus on addiction medicine and an addiction psychiatrist discuss how they would apply the literature to make recommendations for a patient with painful diabetic neuropathy, including counseling on both potential benefits and harms.
Reply to Philip <i>et al.</i>: Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Inhalation as well as Exhalation Matters for COVID-19
Authors: Matthias Echternach, Caroline Westphalen, Marie Christine Köberlein, Sophia Gantner, Gregor Peters, Tobias Benthaus, Bernhard Jakubaß, Liudmila Kuranova, Michael Döllinger, Stefan Kniesburges
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)
Comprehensive characterization of protein–protein interactions perturbed by disease mutations
Authors: Feixiong Cheng, Junfei Zhao, Yang Wang, Weiqiang Lu, Zehui Liu, Yadi Zhou, William R. Martin, Ruisheng Wang, Jin Huang, Tong Hao, Hong Yue, Jing Ma, Yuan Hou, Jessica A. Castrillon, Jiansong Fang, Justin D. Lathia, Ruth A. Keri, Felice C. Lightstone, Elliott Marshall Antman, Raul Rabadan, David E. Hill, Charis Eng, Marc Vidal, Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: Nature Genetics (2021)
Utility and Cost-Effectiveness of a Nonendoscopic Approach to Barrett’s Esophagus Surveillance After Endoscopic Therapy
Authors: Swathi Eluri, Anna Paterson, Brianna N Lauren, Maria O'Donovan, Pradeep Bhandari, Massimiliano di Pietro, Minyi Lee, Rehan Haidry, Laurence Lovat, Krish Ragunath, Chin Hur, Rebecca C Fitzgerald, Nicholas J Shaheen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
Association between use of macrolides in pregnancy and risk of major birth defects: nationwide, register based cohort study
Authors: Niklas Worm Andersson, Rasmus Huan Olsen, Jon Trærup Andersen
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Abstract Objective To examine the association between the use of macrolide antibiotics in pregnancy and the risk of major birth defects. Design Nationwide, register based cohort study. Setting Denmark, 1997-2016. Participants Of 1 192 539 live birth pregnancies, pregnancies during which macrolides had been used (13 019) were compared with those during which penicillin (that is, phenoxymethylpenicillin) had been used (matched in a 1:1 ratio on propensity scores). Other comparative groups were pregnancies when macrolides had been used recently but before pregnancy (matched 1:1) and pregnancies where no antibiotics had been used (matched 1:4). Main outcome measures Association with an outcome of any major birth defect and specific subgroups of birth defects were assessed by relative risk ratios and absolute risk differences. Results In matched comparisons, 457 infants were born with major birth defects to women who had used macrolides during pregnancy (35.1 per 1000 pregnancies) compared with 481 infants (37.0 per 1000 pregnancies) to women who had used penicillin (relative risk ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.84 to 1.08), corresponding to an absolute risk difference of −1.8 (95% confidence interval −6.4 to 2.7) per 1000 pregnancies. The risk of major birth defects was not significantly increased for women who had used macrolides during pregnancy compared with those who had used macrolides recently but before becoming pregnant (relative risk ratio 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.14); absolute risk difference −0.1 (95% confidence interval −4.8 to 4.7) per 1000 pregnancies) or compared with women who did not use any antibiotics (1.05 (0.95 to 1.17); 1.8 (−1.7 to 5.3) per 1000 pregnancies). For all three comparative group analyses and in the analyses of use of individual macrolides, no significant increased risk of specific subgroups of birth defects associated with the use of macrolides was found. Conclusions In this nationwide cohort study, the use of macrolide antibiotics in pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of major birth defects. Analyses of the associated risk of 12 specific subgroups of birth defects with the use of macrolides in pregnancy were not significant.
Macrophage Responses to Environmental Stimuli During Homeostasis and Disease
Authors: Adil Rasheed, Katey J Rayner
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2021)

Work over the last 40 years has described macrophages as a heterogeneous population that serve as the frontline surveyors of tissue immunity. As a class, macrophages are found in almost every tissue in the body and as distinct populations within discrete microenvironments in any given tissue. During homeostasis, macrophages protect these tissues by clearing invading foreign bodies and/or mounting immune responses. In addition to varying identities regulated by transcriptional programs shaped by their respective environments, macrophage metabolism serves as an additional regulator to temper responses to extracellular stimuli. The area of research known as "immunometabolism" has been established within the last decade, owing to an increase in studies focusing on the crosstalk between altered metabolism and the regulation of cellular immune processes. From this research, macrophages have emerged as a prime focus of immunometabolic studies, although macrophage metabolism and their immune responses have been studied for centuries. During disease, the metabolic profile of the tissue and/or systemic regulators, such as endocrine factors, become increasingly dysregulated. Owing to these changes, macrophage responses can become skewed to promote further pathophysiologic changes. For instance, during diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis, macrophages favor a proinflammatory phenotype; whereas in the tumor microenvironment, macrophages elicit an anti-inflammatory response to enhance tumor growth. Herein we have described how macrophages respond to extracellular cues including inflammatory stimuli, nutrient availability, and endocrine factors that occur during and further promote disease progression.
Results of a national UK physician reported survey of COVID-19 infection in patients with a myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Richard A. Salisbury, Natalia Curto-Garcia, Jennifer O’Sullivan, Frederick Chen, Paolo Polzella, Anna L. Godfrey, James Russell, Steven Knapper, John Willan, Rebecca Frewin, Shivani Joshi, Siamak Arami, Sarah Burns, Chun Huat Teh, Frances Wadelin, Jaymathi Dhanapal, Pratap Neelakantan, Dragana Milojkovic, Beth Psaila, Richard Szydlo, Sebastian Francis, Catherine Cargo, Manish Jain, Andrew McGregor, Louise Wallis, Andrew Duncombe, Hayder Hussein, Peter Dyer, Laura Munro, Lee Bond, Mary Frances McMullin, Tim C. P. Somervaille, Mamta Garg, Mallika Sekhar, Claire Harrison, Adam J. Mead, Andrew J. Innes
Journal: Leukemia (2021)
Abstract 14698: A Novel Method for Estimating the Ventricular Pressure-Volume Relationship Based on Combining the Venous Return Curve and Time-Varying Elastance Model
Authors: Shun Matsumura, Akiko Yana, Seiko Kuwata, Clara Kurishima, Hirofumi Saiki, Yoichi Iwamoto, Kenji Sugamoto, Hirotaka Ishido, Satoshi Masutani, Hideaki Senzaki
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: The end-systolic elastance (Ees) of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) is an indicator of ventricle-specific contractility and is very useful for estimating the integ...
Association of Glycolysis-Enhancing α-1 Blockers With Risk of Developing Parkinson Disease
Authors: Jacob E. Simmering, Michael J. Welsh, Lei Liu, Nandakumar S. Narayanan, Anton Pottegård
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. A treatment that prevents or delays development of PD is a critical unmet need. Terazosin and closely related drugs were recently discovered to enhance glycolysis and reduce PD progression in animal models and human clinical databases.To determine whether use of terazosin, doxazosin, and alfuzosin is associated with a decreased risk of developing PD.This cohort study used active comparator control and propensity score-matched data from Danish nationwide health registries, including the Danish National Prescription Registry, the Danish National Patient Registry, and the Danish Civil Registration System, from January 1996 to December 2017 and data from the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan database from January 2001 to December 2017. Men without PD who newly initiated terazosin/doxazosin/alfuzosin therapy or tamsulosin therapy, which is used for a similar indication (benign prostatic hyperplasia or unspecified urinary problems) but does not enhance glycolysis, and had at least 1 year of follow-up after medication start were included. In Denmark, the database included all residents, while the Truven database is a compilation of insurance claims across the US. Data were analyzed from February 2019 to July 2020.Patients who used terazosin/doxazosin/alfuzosin vs tamsulosin. Additional dose-response analyses were carried out.Differences in the hazard of developing PD identified by diagnoses or use of PD-specific medications between patients who ever used terazosin/doxazosin/alfuzosin or tamsulosin.A cohort of 52 365 propensity score-matched pairs of terazosin/doxazosin/alfuzosin and tamsulosin users were identified in the Danish registries, of which all were male and the mean (SD) age was 67.9 (10.4) years, and 94 883 propensity score-matched pairs were identified in the Truven database, of which all were male and the mean (SD) age was 63.8 (11.1) years. Patients in the Danish cohort who used terazosin/doxazosin/alfuzosin had a hazard ratio (HR) for developing PD of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81-0.98), and patients in the Truven cohort had an HR of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.58-0.69). There was a dose-response association with short-duration, medium-duration, and long-duration use of terazosin/doxazosin/alfuzosin users having a decreasing HR in both the Danish cohort (short: HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84-1.07; medium: HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-1.01; long: HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66-0.95) and Truven cohort (short: HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.64-0.76; medium: HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.52-0.64; long: HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.36-0.57).These data suggest that users of terazosin/doxazosin/alfuzosin are at lower hazard of developing PD compared with users of tamsulosin. Future work is needed to further assess this association.
Abstract 15551: Pre-hospital Traumatic Bleeding Severity Score: A Validation Study of On-scene Prediction of the Need for Massive Transfusion
Authors: Takayuki Ogura, Alan K Lefor, Kenji Fujizuka, Hiroshi Machida, Shu Utsumi, Mitsunobu Nakammura, Minoru Nakano
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Determination of the need for massive transfusion (MT) is essential for early activation of a MT protocol. The Traumatic Bleeding Severity Score (TBSS) is a simple and highly accurate...
Abstract 9550: Anticipatory Racism Threat and Superwoman Schema: Elucidating the Relationship Between Racial Discrimination and Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Amani Nuru-Jeter, David H Chae, Melisa Price, James Telesford, Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, Cheryl Woods-Giscombe
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Racial discrimination has been linked with chronic inflammation among African American women, and may help explain their heightened risk of coronary artery disease. However, the mechanisms linking the two remain unclear. Objectives: We assessed the hypothesis that cognitive stress appraisals and coping mechanisms modify the association between racial discrimination and chronic inflammation among African American women. Methods: The African American Women’s Heart &amp; Health Study recruited a community sample of African American women ages 30-50 residing in the San Francisco Bay area (n=200). Data collection included interviewer-administered questionnaire, computer assisted self-interview, anthropometric assessment, and venous blood draws. Blood samples were assayed for a variety of biomarkers including pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6) and acute phase proteins (e.g., hsCRP). Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to examine associations between study variables. Results: Cognitive stress appraisal and coping style both modified the association between racial discrimination and inflammation. Anticipatory Racism Threat (aRT) is a unique cognitive appraisal process commonly reported by African Americans (α=.90). Superwoman Schema (SWS) is a coping style commonly reported among African American women (α=.93). There were no significant main effects of racial discrimination on inflammation. However, there was a significant interaction between racial discrimination and both aRT and SWS (p&lt;.05). Interaction results show a positive association between racial discrimination and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNFα, hsCRP) among women reporting higher vs. lower levels of aRT (p&lt;.05). There was also a significant inverse association between racial discrimination and inflammation among women reporting higher vs. lower levels of SWS (p&lt;.05). Conclusions: The unique stress appraisals and coping styles used by African American women experiencing racial discrimination may represent novel bio-behavioral mechanisms linking racial discrimination to cardiovascular risk, particularly coronary heart disease, via inflammation and serve as potential avenues for intervention.
Abstract 12325: Feasibility and Efficacy of Morphine Therapy for Refractory Dyspnea as Palliative Care in End-stage Chronic Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Juri Kawaguchi, Yasuhiro Hamatani, Atsushi Hirayama, Eri Nakai, Emi Nakamura, Michi Miyata, Yukie Kawano, Yasuko Takada, Yuta Anchi, Sayaka Funabashi, Kensuke Kuroda, Michiyo Azechi, Hiroyuki Takahama, Hiroaki Kitaoka, Chisato Izumi
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: In the field of palliative care, morphine is known to be effective for alleviating dyspnea in cancer patients. However, little is known regarding the efficacy and feasibility of morph...
Genomic Insights into the Origin and Evolution of Molluscan Red-Bloodedness in the Blood Clam<i>Tegillarca granosa</i>
Authors: Yongbo Bao, Qifan Zeng, Jing Wang, Zelei Zhang, Yang Zhang, Sufang Wang, Nai-Kei Wong, Wenbin Yuan, Yiyi Huang, Weifeng Zhang, Jing Liu, Liyuan Lv, Qinggang Xue, Shanjie Zha, Zhilan Peng, Hanhan Yao, Zhenmin Bao, Shi Wang, Zhihua Lin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Blood clams differ from their molluscan kins by exhibiting a unique red-blood (RB) phenotype; however, the genetic basis and biochemical machinery subserving this evolutionary innovation remain unclear. As a fundamental step toward resolving this mystery, we presented the first chromosome-level genome and comprehensive transcriptomes of the blood clam Tegillarca granosa for an integrated genomic, evolutionary, and functional analyses of clam RB phenotype. We identified blood clam-specific and expanded gene families, as well as gene pathways that are of RB relevant. Clam-specific RB-related hemoglobins (Hbs) showed close phylogenetic relationships with myoglobins (Mbs) of blood clam and other molluscs without the RB phenotype, indicating that clam-specific Hbs were likely evolutionarily derived from the Mb lineage. Strikingly, similar to vertebrate Hbs, blood clam Hbs were present in a form of gene cluster. Despite the convergent evolution of Hb clusters in blood clam and vertebrates, their Hb clusters may have originated from a single ancestral Mb-like gene as evidenced by gene phylogeny and synteny analysis. A full suite of enzyme-encoding genes for heme synthesis was identified in blood clam, with prominent expression in hemolymph and resembling those in vertebrates, suggesting a convergence of both RB-related Hb and heme functions in vertebrates and blood clam. RNA interference experiments confirmed the functional roles of Hbs and key enzyme of heme synthesis in the maintenance of clam RB phenotype. The high-quality genome assembly and comprehensive transcriptomes presented herein serve new genomic resources for the super-diverse phylum Mollusca, and provide deep insights into the origin and evolution of invertebrate RB.
Choosing the Right Diagnostic Pathway in Biopsy-Naive Patients With Suspected Prostate Cancer
Authors: Olivier Rouvière
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Overweight/Obesity in a Sample of Non- Diabetic Euthyroid Adults
Authors: Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo, Betzi Pantoja-Torres, Mirella Guarnizo-Poma, Herbert Lazaro-Alcantara, Socorro Paico-Palacios, Germán Málaga, Vicente Benites-Zapata
Journal: Metabolism (2021)
Artificial intelligence diagnostic system predicts multiple Lugol-voiding lesions in the esophagus and patients at high risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yohei Ikenoyama, Toshiyuki Yoshio, Junki Tokura, Sakiko Naito, Ken Namikawa, Yoshitaka Tokai, Shoichi Yoshimizu, Yusuke Horiuchi, Akiyoshi Ishiyama, Toshiaki Hirasawa, Tomohiro Tsuchida, Naoyuki Katayama, Tomohiro Tada, Junko Fujisaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

It is known that an esophagus with multiple Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs) after iodine staining is high risk for esophageal cancer; however, it is preferable to identify high-risk cases without staining because iodine causes discomfort and prolongs examination times. This study assessed the capability of an artificial intelligence (AI) system to predict multiple LVLs from images that had not been stained with iodine as well as patients at high risk for esophageal cancer.We constructed the AI system by preparing a training set of 6634 images from white-light and narrow-band imaging in 595 patients before they underwent endoscopic examination with iodine staining. Diagnostic performance was evaluated on an independent validation dataset (667 images from 72 patients) and compared with that of 10 experienced endoscopists.The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the AI system to predict multiple LVLs were 84.4 %, 70.0 %, and 76.4 %, respectively, compared with 46.9 %, 77.5 %, and 63.9 %, respectively, for the endoscopists. The AI system had significantly higher sensitivity than 9/10 experienced endoscopists. We also identified six endoscopic findings that were significantly more frequent in patients with multiple LVLs; however, the AI system had greater sensitivity than these findings for the prediction of multiple LVLs. Moreover, patients with AI-predicted multiple LVLs had significantly more cancers in the esophagus and head and neck than patients without predicted multiple LVLs.The AI system could predict multiple LVLs with high sensitivity from images without iodine staining. The system could enable endoscopists to apply iodine staining more judiciously.
Endothelial LRP1 protects against neurodegeneration by blocking cyclophilin A
Authors: Angeliki Maria Nikolakopoulou, Yaoming Wang, Qingyi Ma, Abhay P. Sagare, Axel Montagne, Mikko T. Huuskonen, Sanket V. Rege, Kassandra Kisler, Zhonghua Dai, Jakob Körbelin, Joachim Herz, Zhen Zhao, Berislav V. Zlokovic
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

The low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic and cell signaling transmembrane protein. Endothelial LRP1 clears proteinaceous toxins at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), regulates angiogenesis, and is increasingly reduced in Alzheimer’s disease associated with BBB breakdown and neurodegeneration. Whether loss of endothelial LRP1 plays a direct causative role in BBB breakdown and neurodegenerative changes remains elusive. Here, we show that LRP1 inactivation from the mouse endothelium results in progressive BBB breakdown, followed by neuron loss and cognitive deficits, which is reversible by endothelial-specific LRP1 gene therapy. LRP1 endothelial knockout led to a self-autonomous activation of the cyclophilin A–matrix metalloproteinase-9 pathway in the endothelium, causing loss of tight junctions underlying structural BBB impairment. Cyclophilin A inhibition in mice with endothelial-specific LRP1 knockout restored BBB integrity and reversed and prevented neuronal loss and behavioral deficits. Thus, endothelial LRP1 protects against neurodegeneration by inhibiting cyclophilin A, which has implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of neurodegeneration linked to vascular dysfunction.
Clinical efficacy of a Decision Support Tool (Link-me) to guide intensity of mental health care in primary practice: a pragmatic stratified randomised controlled trial
Authors: Susan Fletcher, Matthew J Spittal, Patty Chondros, Victoria J Palmer, Mary Lou Chatterton, Konstancja Densley, Maria Potiriadis, Meredith Harris, Bridget Bassilios, Philip Burgess, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Jane Pirkis, Jane Gunn
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2021)
MtDNA Mutations Linked With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Margarita A. Sazonova, Vasily V. Sinyov, Anastasia I. Ryzhkova, Marina D. Sazonova, Natalya A. Doroschuk, Varvara A. Orekhova, Vasily P. Karagodin, Alexander N. Orekhov, Igor A. Sobenin
Journal: Metabolism (2021)