tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis detection from chest x-rays for triaging in a high tuberculosis-burden setting: an evaluation of five artificial intelligence algorithms
Authors: Zhi Zhen Qin, Shahriar Ahmed, Mohammad Shahnewaz Sarker, Kishor Paul, Ahammad Shafiq Sikder Adel, Tasneem Naheyan, Rachael Barrett, Sayera Banu, Jacob Creswell
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2021)

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can be trained to recognise tuberculosis-related abnormalities on chest radiographs. Various AI algorithms are available commercially, yet there is little impartial evidence on how their performance compares with each other and with radiologists. We aimed to evaluate five commercial AI algorithms for triaging tuberculosis using a large dataset that had not previously been used to train any AI algorithms.Individuals aged 15 years or older presenting or referred to three tuberculosis screening centres in Dhaka, Bangladesh, between May 15, 2014, and Oct 4, 2016, were recruited consecutively. Every participant was verbally screened for symptoms and received a digital posterior-anterior chest x-ray and an Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) test. All chest x-rays were read independently by a group of three registered radiologists and five commercial AI algorithms: CAD4TB (version 7), InferRead DR (version 2), Lunit INSIGHT CXR (version 4.9.0), JF CXR-1 (version 2), and qXR (version 3). We compared the performance of the AI algorithms with each other, with the radiologists, and with the WHO's Target Product Profile (TPP) of triage tests (≥90% sensitivity and ≥70% specificity). We used a new evaluation framework that simultaneously evaluates sensitivity, proportion of Xpert tests avoided, and number needed to test to inform implementers' choice of software and selection of threshold abnormality scores.Chest x-rays from 23 954 individuals were included in the analysis. All five AI algorithms significantly outperformed the radiologists. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 90·81% (95% CI 90·33-91·29) for qXR, 90·34% (89·81-90·87) for CAD4TB, 88·61% (88·03-89·20) for Lunit INSIGHT CXR, 84·90% (84·27-85·54) for InferRead DR, and 84·89% (84·26-85·53) for JF CXR-1. Only qXR (74·3% specificity [95% CI 73·3-74·9]) and CAD4TB (72·9% specificity [72·3-73·5]) met the TPP at 90% sensitivity. All five AI algorithms reduced the number of Xpert tests required by 50% while maintaining a sensitivity above 90%. All AI algorithms performed worse among older age groups (>60 years) and people with a history of tuberculosis.AI algorithms can be highly accurate and useful triage tools for tuberculosis detection in high-burden regions, and outperform human readers.Government of Canada.
A sublethal ATP11A mutation associated with neurological deterioration causes aberrant phosphatidylcholine flipping in plasma membranes
Authors: Katsumori Segawa, Atsuo Kikuchi, Tomoyasu Noji, Yuki Sugiura, Keita Hiraga, Chigure Suzuki, Kazuhiro Haginoya, Yasuko Kobayashi, Mitsuhiro Matsunaga, Yuki Ochiai, Kyoko Yamada, Takuo Nishimura, Shinya Iwasawa, Wataru Shoji, Fuminori Sugihara, Kohei Nishino, Hidetaka Kosako, Masahito Ikawa, Yasuo Uchiyama, Makoto Suematsu, Hiroshi Ishikita, Shigeo Kure, Shigekazu Nagata
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

ATP11A translocates phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), but not phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), from the outer to the inner leaflet of plasma membranes, thereby maintaining the asymmetric distribution of PtdSer. Here, we detected a de novo heterozygous point mutation of ATP11A in a patient with developmental delays and neurological deterioration. Mice carrying the corresponding mutation died perinatally of neurological disorders. This mutation caused an amino acid substitution (Q84E) in the first transmembrane segment of ATP11A, and mutant ATP11A flipped PtdCho. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the mutation allowed PtdCho binding at the substrate entry site. Aberrant PtdCho flipping markedly decreased the concentration of PtdCho in the outer leaflet of plasma membranes, whereas sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations in the outer leaflet increased. This change in the distribution of phospholipids altered cell characteristics, including cell growth, cholesterol homeostasis, and sensitivity to sphingomyelinase. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) showed a marked increase of SM levels in the brains of Q84E-knockin mouse embryos. These results provide insights into the physiological importance of the substrate specificity of plasma membrane flippases for the proper distribution of PtdCho and SM.
Betulinic acid augments the inhibitory effects of irinotecan on growth of B16F10 murine melanoma cells and HT-29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Naruhiko Sawada
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

5115  Background: Irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate is an anticancer drug for cancer therapy. A sufficient quantity of the drug for treatment cannot be administered in many cases due to severe side effects, such as diarrhea and bone marrow toxicity. Betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the root bark of Morus australis or Clerodendrum mandarinorum, induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells. We examined the antitumor effect of a combination of betulinic acid as a phytochemical and irinotecan as an anticancer drug on tumor cells in vitro. Materials and methods: In the in vitro study, murine melanoma B16F10 cells and human colonic adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells were used. The standard MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, innersalt solution) assay was performed to examine cytostatic/cytotoxic effects of betulinic acid and/or irinotecan on B16F10 cells and HT-29 cells. Annexin V-based apoptosis analysis was performed using a flow cytometer. Synergistic interaction between betulinic acid and irinotecan was determined by using isobologram analysis. Result: 1) Irinotecan and betulinic acid inhibited growth of B16F10 cells and HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 2) Irinotecan and betulinic acid induced apoptosis in B16F10 cells and HT-29 cells. 3) The results of isobologram analysis showed that the combination of betulinic acid and irinotecan synergistically inhibited the growth of B16F10 cells and HT-29 cells. Conclusion: The results suggest that betulinic acid enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents and reduces the side effects.
28170 Neutralizing interleukin-13 increases skin microbial diversity: Results from a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with tralokinumab in adult patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Thomas Bieber, Lisa A. Beck, Andrew Pink, Hidehisa Saeki, Lawrence Eichenfield, Thomas Werfel, Anders Rosholm, Mads Røpke, Amy Paller
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
242P Effects of nal-IRI (MM-398) 6 5-fluorouracil on quality of life (QoL) of patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) previously treated with gemcitabine based therapy: Results from NAPOLI-1
Authors: R. Hubner, A. Cubillo, J.-F. Blanc, D. Melisi, D.D. von Hoff, A. Wang-Gillam, L.-T. Chen, C. Becker, K. Mamlouk, B. Belanger, Y. Yang, F. de Jong, J.T. Siveke
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Multi-omic profiling of peritoneal metastases in gastric cancer identifies molecular subtypes and therapeutic vulnerabilities
Authors: Yosuke Tanaka, Fumiko Chiwaki, Shinya Kojima, Masahito Kawazu, Masayuki Komatsu, Toshihide Ueno, Satoshi Inoue, Shigeki Sekine, Keisuke Matsusaki, Hiromichi Matsushita, Narikazu Boku, Yae Kanai, Yasushi Yatabe, Hiroki Sasaki, Hiroyuki Mano
Journal: Nature Cancer (2021)
26717 A randomized, no-treatment controlled, evaluator-blinded, multi-center study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HARD in the chin for augmentation and correction of chin retrusion
Authors: Lisa Donofrio, Anne Chapas, Keith Marcus, Joely Kaufman, Glynis Ablon, Amir Moradi, Rebecca Kazin, Alexander Rivkin, Rod Rohrich, Robert Weiss, Rosalyn George
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Neuropeptide S receptor 1 is a nonhormonal treatment target in endometriosis
Authors: Thomas T. Tapmeier, Nilufer Rahmioglu, Jianghai Lin, Bianca De Leo, Maik Obendorf, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Oliver M. Fischer, Cemsel Bafligil, Manman Guo, Ronald Alan Harris, Holger Hess-Stumpp, Alexis Laux-Biehlmann, Ernesto Lowy, Gerton Lunter, Jessica Malzahn, Nicholas G. Martin, Fernando O. Martinez, Sanjiv Manek, Stefanie Mesch, Grant W. Montgomery, Andrew P. Morris, Jens Nagel, Heather A. Simmons, Denise Brocklebank, Catherine Shang, Susan Treloar, Graham Wells, Christian M. Becker, Udo Oppermann, Thomas M. Zollner, Stephen H. Kennedy, Joseph W. Kemnitz, Jeffrey Rogers, Krina T. Zondervan
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Genetic analyses in humans and macaques followed by cellular and mouse studies demonstrate NPSR1 as a nonhormonal drug target in endometriosis.
Cancer Care in the Incarcerated Population
Authors: Hassan Aziz, Ruth L. Ackah, Amy Whitson, Bridget Oppong, Samilia Obeng-Gyasi, Carrie Sims, Timothy M. Pawlik
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in incarcerated individuals older than 45 years and the fourth leading cause of mortality overall. Health care professionals face increasing challenges to provide high-quality care under the confines of prison regulations and procedures.Adjusted for age, race, sex, and year of diagnosis, the standardized incidence ratio for all cancers is more than 2-fold higher in incarcerated vs general populations. Among deaths occurring in state and federal prison systems, cancer is the overall leading cause of mortality with lung cancer being the leading cause of cancer-related mortality followed by liver, colon, and pancreatic cancers, respectively. Access to high-quality oncological services remains variable; however, cost of care represents about a fifth of overall annual prison expenditures. Given the enormous patient burden, coupled with the rushed discretionary screenings performed by jail and prison nursing staff, early cancer symptoms are often missed altogether or misdiagnosed as a chronic illness or as acute infections. As such, many incarcerated individuals present with more advanced cancer stage. Incarcerated individuals have limited, if any, access to the internet, social media, and other sources of information, which severely limits their ability to research treatment options. Within the prison setting, access to professionals with special skills in assisting with social and spiritual concerns is also generally limited, and less than 4% of prisons have hospice programs. There are no uniform quality-of-care monitoring standards for correctional systems and facilities, nor are there mechanisms for reporting comparable performance data to enforce quality control within correctional health care systems.There is a growing trend in cancer incidence among incarcerated patients, which is multifactorial including barriers in access to care, increased burden of chronic medical conditions, and decreased screening tests. Efforts are needed to ensure quality health care outcomes for incarcerated patients with cancer.
Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data
Authors: A B Brueggeman, M J J Rensburg, D Shaw, N D McCarthy, K A Jolley, M C Maiden, M P G Linden, Z A Chowdhury, D Bennett, R Borrow, M C Brandileone, Karen Broughton, Ruth Campbell, Bio Cao, C Casanova, Eun Hwa Choi
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
冠動脈の閉塞を伴わない心筋梗塞(MINOCA)の何,いつ,誰が,なぜ,どのように,およびどこで | 文献情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター
Authors: Pasupathy Sivabaskari, Tavella Rosanna, F Beltrame John
Journal: Circulation (2016)
miR-17 Epigenetic Modulation of LKB1 Expression in Tumor Cells Uncovers a New Group of Patients With Poor-Prognosis NSCLC
Authors: Cristina Borzi, Elisa Caiola, Monica Ganzinelli, Giovanni Centonze, Mattia Boeri, Massimo Milione, Massimo Broggini, Gabriella Sozzi, Massimo Moro
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Understanding and improving chemotherapy ordering and delivery using process elicitation and validation.
Authors: Wilson C. Mertens, Stefan C. Christov, Lucinda Jane Cassells, George S. Avrunin, Lori A. Clarke, Leon J. Osterweil, Jenna L. Marquard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

89 Background: Chemotherapy order/administration consists of complex, interrelated processes where errors have potentially severe consequences. We report a study that quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated chemotherapy delivery employing a formal process definition language to elicit and describe rigorously the process, then applied mathematical validation techniques to confirm the description, analogously to how computer software development and other industries use accurate, precise process definitions to assure soundness through redundancy and correct event sequencing. Methods: The process, including exceptional situations and individuals’ recognition of and responses to these, was elicited through informal, unstructured interviews with members of an interdisciplinary team. The resulting process description (or process definition), written in a notation developed for software development process assessment, guided chemotherapy process validation consisting of rigorous process definition analysis, direct observations, and semi-structured interviews to confirm the elicited details for the treatment plan sub-process. Results: The overall process definition yielded 467 steps; 207 steps (44%) were dedicated to handling 59 exceptional situations. Validation yielded 82 unique process events (35 new expected but not yet described steps, 16 new exceptional situations, and 31 new steps in response to exceptional situations). Process participants actively altered the process as ambiguities and conflicts were discovered by the elicitation and validation components of the study. Chemotherapy error rates (evaluated by our safety reporting system) declined during and after the project (p &lt;.001). Conclusions: The initial elicitation methods and subsequent validation discussions supported rapid adoption of changes, improved communication regarding the process, and yielded error reduction. A combination of rigorous elicitation and validation methods creates increasingly accurate descriptions of complex but repetitive medical processes, leading to identification and removal of existing process defects while avoiding the creation of new defects as processes evolve.
Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Karina W. Davidson, Michael J. Barry, Carol M. Mangione, Michael Cabana, Aaron B. Caughey, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Chyke A. Doubeni, Alex H. Krist, Martha Kubik, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Douglas K. Owens, Lori Pbert, Michael Silverstein, James Stevermer, Chien-Wen Tseng, John B. Wong
Journal: JAMA (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> An estimated 13% of all US adults (18 years or older) have diabetes, and 34.5% meet criteria for prediabetes. The prevalences of prediabetes and diabetes are higher in older adults. Estimates of the risk of progression from prediabetes to diabetes vary widely, perhaps because of differences in the definition of prediabetes or the heterogeneity of prediabetes. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure and new cases of blindness among adults in the US. It is also associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and was estimated to be the seventh leading cause of death in the US in 2017. Screening asymptomatic adults for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes may allow earlier detection, diagnosis, and treatment, with the ultimate goal of improving health outcomes. <h3>Objective</h3> To update its 2015 recommendation, the USPSTF commissioned a systematic review to evaluate screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in asymptomatic, nonpregnant adults and preventive interventions for those with prediabetes. <h3>Population</h3> Nonpregnant adults aged 35 to 70 years seen in primary care settings who have overweight or obesity (defined as a body mass index ≥25 and ≥30, respectively) and no symptoms of diabetes. <h3>Evidence Assessment</h3> The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes and offering or referring patients with prediabetes to effective preventive interventions has a moderate net benefit. <h3>Conclusions and Recommendation</h3> The USPSTF recommends screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in adults aged 35 to 70 years who have overweight or obesity. Clinicians should offer or refer patients with prediabetes to effective preventive interventions. (B recommendation)
Detection of soluble biomarkers of pancreatic cancer in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration samples
Authors: Régis Souche, Guillaume Tosato, Jacques Colinge, Andrei Turtoi, Benjamin Rivière, Jean-Christophe Valats, Antoine Debourdeau, Nicolas Flori, Didier Pourquier, Jean-Michel Fabre, Eric Assenat
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Background Biomarkers are urgently needed for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the cornerstone for diagnosing PDAC. We developed a method for discovery of PDAC biomarkers using the discarded EUS-FNA liquid. Methods This retrospective study included 58 patients with suspected pancreatic lesions who underwent EUS-FNA. Protein extracts from EUS-FNA liquid were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Proteomic and clinical data were modeled by supervised statistical learning to identify protein markers and clinical variables that distinguish PDAC. Results Statistical modeling revealed a protein signature for PDAC screening that achieved high sensitivity and specificity (0.92, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.79–0.98, and 0.85, 95 %CI 0.67–0.93, respectively). We also developed a protein signature score (PSS) to guide PDAC diagnosis. In combination with patient age, the PSS achieved 100 % certainty in correctly identifying PDAC patients &gt; 54 years. In addition, 3 /4 inconclusive EUS-FNA biopsies were correctly identified using PSS. Conclusions EUS-FNA-derived fluid is a rich source of PDAC proteins with biomarker potential. The PSS requires further validation and verification of the feasibility of measuring these proteins in patient sera.
Abstract 16433: Systemic Inflammation Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mohamed Aboaly, Lakshman Chelvarajan, Travis R Sexton, Mindy Thompson, Susan S Smyth, Khaled M Ziada, Ahmed Abdel-latif
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Systemic inflammation is well documented after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), however, its clinical significance is not fully understood. Methods: We recruited 57 STEMI p...
J Henry Goldin
Authors: Jon Goldin, Diana Goldin, Rachel Mead, Liz Goldin, Alec Goldin
Journal: BMJ (2021)

J Henry Goldin was a pioneering craniofacial surgeon, known nationally and internationally, who helped transform the lives of hundreds of children born with facial disfigurements.

In 1986-87 Henry was president of the European Society of Craniofacial Surgery (ESCSF). He published many journal articles as well as a book on plastic surgery. He developed groundbreaking techniques, such as the “posterior release” in craniofacial surgery, still widely used today.

Henry was born in Cape Town to Latvian parents, who escaped to South Africa before the onset of the second world war. The family later moved to Port Elizabeth. Henry attended Grey School and was made a prefect there. He trained at Cape Town Medical School from 1957 to 1962. In 1963 Henry worked at …
TOP2B Enzymatic Activity on Promoters and Introns Modulates Multiple Oncogenes in Human Gliomas
Authors: Edgar Gonzalez-Buendia, Junfei Zhao, Lu Wang, Subhas Mukherjee, Daniel Zhang, Víctor A. Arrieta, Eric Feldstein, J. Robert Kane, Seong Jae Kang, Catalina Lee-Chang, Aayushi Mahajan, Li Chen, Ronald Realubit, Charles Karan, Lisa Magnuson, Craig Horbinski, Stacy A. Marshall, Jann N. Sarkaria, Ahmed Mohyeldin, Ichiro Nakano, Mukesh Bansal, Charles D. James, Daniel J. Brat, Atique Ahmed, Peter Canoll, Raul Rabadan, Ali Shilatifard, Adam M. Sonabend
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

The epigenetic mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation leading to malignant phenotype in gliomas remains poorly understood. Topoisomerase IIB (TOP2B), an enzyme that decoils and releases torsional forces in DNA, is overexpressed in a subset of gliomas. Therefore, we investigated its role in epigenetic regulation in these tumors.
Quantitative fluorescent imaging analysis to study UPD-glucose dehydrogenase as a potential biomarker associated with prostate carcinogenesis
Authors: George Hemstreet, Dali Huang, George Casale, Melanie Simpson, Subodh Lele, Jun Tian, Vladimir Pisarev
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

2177  Human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) catalyzes oxidation of UDP-glucose to yield UDP-glucuronic acid,a precursor for glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans including hyaluronan, promoting prostate cancer (PC) invasion. The goal of this study was to evaluate the UGDH expression in cancerous acini (CA) and normal appearing acini (NAA) of cancer-bearing prostate glands, as a potential complimentary biomarker of PC and/or PC field disease, by quantitative fluorescence imaging analysis (QFIA). Formalin-fixed prostate core biopsies from age-matched cases and controls were labeled with antibody to UGDH and a secondary antibody labeled with fluorescent marker. Stability of QFIA was established by the Leica Fluorescence Microscope and Image ProPlus Software-based system using calibration beads, PC3 cells and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissue as standards. Quantification of UGDH was validated by reverse phase protein analysis (RPPA) of methacarn fixed tissue using two BPH and eight PC specimens. The validated QFIA was then used to analyze (a) CA and NAA from 33 PC glands and (b) normal acini (NA) from controls (BPH patients). The imaging system showed a stability of the mean pixel intensity (MPI) of standard fluorescent beads and PC3 cells and BPH tissue controls with a variation not excedeed 5%-10%. Adjacent tissue sections assayed by QFIA and RPPA exhibited a strong linear correlation (r=.97) and a correlation of r=.98 for quantification of the UGDH between the methacarn and 10% formalin fixed tissues. The areas under the ROC curve for the NAA samples were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.59-0.83) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.59-0.83) for CA. At a cut point of 300, the sensitivity was 14% (95% CI: 2-25) with high specificity of 98% (95% CI: 95-100). Significant differences were observed for NA vs. CA, P=0.001; CA vs. NAA, P=0.001 and NAA vs. NA, P=0.001 (paired t test and non-paired t test with Welch correction). These data demonstrate the feasibility of development of a tissue proteomic QFIA method for the quantification of UGDH in prostate core biopsy specimens . UGDH in prostate core biopsy specimens shows promise as a potential complimentary biomarker to beta-catenin for defining individuals with a high risk of PC development. This study was supported by DOD Idea Development Award #DAMD17-02-1-0121, 2002 to 2005, NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA36727, and a Nebraska Department of Health Institutional LB595 Grant for Cancer And Smoking Disease Research.
27475 Efficacy of the BIIB059 monoclonal antibody against BDCA2 in active cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE): Subgroup analyses of participants with or without systemic LE (SLE) and with different levels of disease activity
Authors: Victoria P. Werth, Richard A. Furie, Filippa Nyberg, Howard Sofen, Benjamin F. Chong, Xiaobi Huang, Hua Carroll, Adam Meyers, Catherine Barbey, Cristina Musselli, Nathalie Franchimont
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)