tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Revacept, a Novel Lesion-Directed Competitive Antagonist to Platelet Glycoprotein VI, in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Katharina Mayer, Ralph Hein-Rothweiler, Stefanie Schüpke, Marion Janisch, Isabell Bernlochner, Gjin Ndrepepa, Dirk Sibbing, Tommaso Gori, Oliver Borst, Stefan Holdenrieder, Danny Kupka, Tobias Petzold, Christian Bradaric, Rainer Okrojek, David M. Leistner, Tobias D. Trippel, Thomas Münzel, Ulf Landmesser, Burkert Pieske, Andreas M. Zeiher, Meinrad P. Gawaz, Alexander Hapfelmeier, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Heribert Schunkert, Adnan Kastrati, Steffen Massberg
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

The assessment of new antithrombotic agents with a favorable safety profile is clinically relevant.To test the efficacy and safety of revacept, a novel, lesion-directed antithrombotic drug, acting as a competitive antagonist to platelet glycoprotein VI.A phase 2 randomized clinical trial; patients were enrolled from 9 centers in Germany from November 20, 2017, to February 27, 2020; follow-up ended on March 27, 2020. The study included patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Single intravenous infusion of revacept, 160 mg, revacept, 80 mg, or placebo prior to the start of PCI on top of standard antithrombotic therapy.The primary end point was the composite of death or myocardial injury, defined as an increase in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin to at least 5 times the upper limit of normal within 48 hours from randomization. The safety end point was bleeding type 2 to 5 according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria at 30 days.Of 334 participants (median age, 67.4 years; interquartile range, 60-75.1 years; 253 men [75.7%]; and 330 White participants [98.8%]), 120 were allocated to receive the 160-mg dose of revacept, 121 were allocated to receive the 80-mg dose, and 93 received placebo. The primary end point showed no significant differences between the revacept and placebo groups: 24.4%, 25.0%, and 23.3% in the revacept, 160 mg, revacept, 80 mg, and placebo groups, respectively (P = .98). The high dose of revacept was associated with a small but significant reduction of high-concentration collagen-induced platelet aggregation, with a median 26.5 AU × min (interquartile range, 0.5-62.2 AU × min) in the revacept, 160 mg, group; 43.5 AU × min (interquartile range, 22.8-99.5 AU × min) in the revacept, 80 mg, group; and 41.0 AU × min (interquartile range, 31.2-101.0 AU × min) in the placebo group (P = .02), while adenosine 5'-diphosphate-induced aggregation was not affected. Revacept did not increase Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 2 or higher bleeding at 30 days compared with placebo: 5.0%, 5.9%, and 8.6% in the revacept, 160 mg, revacept, 80 mg, and placebo groups, respectively (P = .36).Revacept did not reduce myocardial injury in patients with stable ischemic heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. There were few bleeding events and no significant differences between treatment arms.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03312855.
Remnant Biliary Papillomatosis treated with Direct Per-Oral Cholangioscopic Polypectomy
Authors: A Inderson, JE van Hooft
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A 53-year old male was diagnosed with biliary papillomatosis and was treated with hemi-hepatectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction. On follow-up with Spyglass cholangioscopy one year later, residual or recurrent papillomatosis was found in the remnant distal bile duct. Histology showed low grade dysplasia. During subsequent Direct Per-Oral Cholangioscopy (DPOC), this residual tissue was treated with snare polypectomy and Argon Plasma Coagulation. Histology showed high grade dysplasia. DPOC cholangioscopic resection of remnant biliary papillomatosis therefore may facilitate histologic staging, but radicality is yet to be determined.
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy in Patients with Billroth II Gastrectomy
Authors: L. Safrany, B. Neuhaus, G. Portocarrero, S. Krause
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

We attempted endoscopic sphincterotomy in 35 patients previously subjected to Billroth II gastrectomy, and succeeded in 23 of them. It is often difficult to pass the instrument along the afferent loop and the sphincterotomy incision is seldom placed in an optimal position. Although we had complications in only 2 patpients, it is likely that spincterotomy carries a higher risk in Billroth II gastrectomy patients. It should therefore be reserved for patients who are at high risk for surgery.
Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages by oxidized low-density lipoproteins.
Authors: XYang, BCai, R RSciacca, P JCannon
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by monocyte/macrophages to form foam cells has been implicated in atherogenesis. Activated monocyte/macrophages synthesize nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO is cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and a vasodilator that inhibits platelet and monocyte adhesion. NO synthase mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity were induced in J774.A1 macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide and gamma interferon. When macrophages were incubated with oxidized LDL for 24 hours and activated, there was a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of NO synthesis, assessed as nitrite accumulation in the media. When activated cells were incubated with nontoxic doses of lipoprotein (25 micrograms/mL), neither native LDL nor acetyl LDL inhibited NO production, whereas oxidized LDL produced 50% inhibition. Levels of enzyme protein were unchanged by Western blot. Inhibition was a function of the degree of oxidation of LDL but was independent of cholesteryl esterification by the cells. Incub...
Clinical Importance of Microhematuria
Authors: Culley C. Carson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To evaluate the etiology of microhematuria, the cases of 200 consecutive patients with asymptomatic microhematuria who had undergone complete urologic examination and two-year follow-up were reviewed. Most patients were 50 to 59 years old. Highly significant urologic lesions were found in 20% of patients. Thirteen percent of these patients had a genitourinary malignant neoplasm. No urologic lesion could be identified in 19% of patients in this group. The results suggest that present diagnostic modalities have substantially refined and improved the urologist's diagnostic abilities. The urologic examination of patients with asymptomatic microhematuria, particularly in those older than 40 years, is justified. (<i>JAMA</i>241:149-150, 1979)
Re: Topoisomerase II Alpha and Responsiveness of Breast Cancer to Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: K. V. Nielsen, N. Brunner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

In a correspondence referring to an article by O’Malley et al. (1), Oakman et al. (2) argued that, with current evidence, they do not believe that HER2 and TOP2A status predict the potential benefit of anthracyclinebased treatments to breast cancer patients. We have graphed the O’Malley data (Figure 1), which clearly showed a predictive value of TOP2A abnormal status for 5-year overall survival following anthracyclinebased treatment. Abnormal TOP2A status was associated with poor prognosis irrespective of treatment, and importantly, patients with abnormal TOP2A status had an increased chance of survival when treated with anthracycline (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and 5-fluorouracil [CEF]) as opposed to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF). Thus, the effect of poor prognosis was counteracted by the positive predictive value. The data
Fostering Relationships in Pediatric Oncology Research: A Relational Ethics Approach to Clinically Integrated Research
Authors: Brittany M. Lee, Stephanie A. Kraft
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

This article is referred to by:Response to Open Peer Commentaries: Distinguishing the “Gift” from “Donation” as a Path toward Reciprocity and Relational Ethics
Afterpotentials and triggered activity in hypertrophied myocardium from rats with renal hypertension.
Authors: R SAronson
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We have found that afterpotentials can be induced selectively in hypertrophied myocardium from rats with renal hypertension. Three kinds of afterpotentials were recorded by standard microelectrode techniques: early afterdepolarizations, delayed afterdepolarizations, and early afterdepolarizations. The first two kinds of afterpotentials could give rise to triggered spontaneous activity, whereas the last kind did not. Delayed afterdepolarizations were induced in hypertrophied fibers exposed to Tyrode's solution containing high extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o = 7.2-12 mM) and early afterdepolarizations occurred in hypertrophied fibers exposed to Tyrode's solution containing tetraethylammonium (TEA = 10-30 mM). Neither of these treatments produced afterpotentials in normal myocardium. We found that delayed afterdepolarizations became larger when the stimulation frequency, number of preceding driven beats, or [Ca2+]o was increased. The coupling interval from the upstroke of the last driven action potential to t...
Crucial role of fatty acid oxidation in asthmatic bronchial smooth muscle remodelling
Authors: Pauline Esteves, Landry Blanc, Alexis Celle, Isabelle Dupin, Elise Maurat, Nivea Amoedo, Guillaume Cardouat, Olga Ousova, Lara Gales, Florian Bellvert, Hugues Begueret, Matthieu Thumerel, Jean-William Dupuy, Nicolas Desbenoit, Roger Marthan, Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Rodrigue Rossignol, Patrick Berger, Thomas Trian
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Background Bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) remodelling in asthma is related to an increased mitochondrial biogenesis and enhanced BSM cell proliferation in asthma. Since mitochondria produce the highest levels of cellular energy and fatty acid β-oxidation is the most powerful way to produce ATP, we hypothesised that, in asthmatic BSM cells, energetic metabolism is shifted towards the β-oxidation of fatty acids. Objectives We aimed to characterise BSM cell metabolism in asthma both in vitro and ex vivo to identify a novel target for reducing BSM cell proliferation. Methods 21 asthmatic and 31 non-asthmatic patients were enrolled. We used metabolomic and proteomic approaches to study BSM cells. Oxidative stress, ATP synthesis, fatty acid endocytosis, metabolite production, metabolic capabilities, mitochondrial networks, cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed on BSM cells. Fatty acid content was assessed in vivo using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation spectrometry imaging. Results Asthmatic BSM cells were characterised by an increased rate of mitochondrial respiration with a stimulated ATP production and mitochondrial β-oxidation. Fatty acid consumption was increased in asthmatic BSM both in vitro and ex vivo . Proteome remodelling of asthmatic BSM occurred via two canonical mitochondrial pathways. The levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)2 and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, which internalise fatty acids through mitochondrial and cell membranes, respectively, were both increased in asthmatic BSM cells. Blocking CPT2 or LDL receptor drastically and specifically reduced asthmatic BSM cell proliferation. Conclusion This study demonstrates a metabolic switch towards mitochondrial β-oxidation in asthmatic BSM and identifies fatty acid metabolism as a new key target to reduce BSM remodelling in asthma.
Clinical features, neurologic recovery, and risk factors of postoperative posterior fossa syndrome and delayed recovery: a prospective study
Authors: Raja B Khan, Zoltan Patay, Paul Klimo, Jie Huang, Rahul Kumar, Frederick A Boop, Darcy Raches, Heather M Conklin, Richa Sharma, Andrea Simmons, Zsila S Sadighi, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Amar Gajjar, Giles W Robinson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract Background Posterior fossa syndrome (PFS) is a known consequence of medulloblastoma resection. Our aim was to clinically define PFS, its evolution over time, and ascertain risk factors for its development and poor recovery. Methods Children with medulloblastoma treated at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital from 6/2013 to 7/2019 received standardized neurological examinations, before and periodically after radiation therapy. Most (98.3%) were enrolled on the ongoing multi-institutional protocol (SJMB12; NCT 01878617). Results Sixty (34%) of 178 evaluated children had PFS. Forty (23%) had complete mutism (PFS1) and 20 (11%) had diminished speech (PFS2). All children with PFS had severe ataxia and 42.5% of PFS1 had movement disorders. By multivariable analysis, younger age (P = .0005) and surgery in a low-volume surgery center (P = .0146) increased PFS risk, while Sonic Hedgehog tumors had reduced risk (P = .0025). Speech and gait returned in PFS1/PFS2 children at a median of 2.3/0.7 and 2.1/1.5 months, respectively, however, 12 (44.4%) of 27 PFS1 children with 12 months of follow-up were nonambulatory at 1 year. Movement disorder (P = .037) and high ataxia score (P &amp;lt; .0001) were associated with delayed speech recovery. Older age (P = .0147) and high ataxia score (P &amp;lt; .0001) were associated with delayed gait return. Symptoms improved in all children but no child with PFS had normal neurologic examination at a median of 23 months after surgery. Conclusions Categorizing PFS into types 1 and 2 has prognostic relevance. Almost half of the children with PFS1 with 12-month follow-up were nonambulatory. Surgical experience was a major modifiable contributor to the development of PFS.
Screening for latent tuberculosis before tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapy
Authors: Michael R. Loebinger, Anton Pozniak
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

We thank Richard Hewitt and colleagues for their comments. Determining the best strategy and combination of tests for detection of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is limited by the lack of gold standard for the diagnosis of LTBI. Increasing the number of tests may improve the sensitivity of latent TB detection, but at the cost of specificity, with an increased false-positive rate. A negative IGRA is an adequate, pragmatic screening tool in patients commencing TNF antagonists <http://ow.ly/JXyAA>
Histochemical detection of specific isozymes of myosin in rat ventricular cells.
Authors: AWeisberg, SWinegrad, MTucker, GMcClellan
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

A histochemical method for distinguishing isozymes of myosin in rat ventricles has been developed. The procedure involves preincubation in pH 10.5, which inhibits Ca-activated ATPase of the V3 isozyme but not the V1 isozyme of myosin. The specificity of the technique has been demonstrated by comparison of results in hearts from young euthyroid and hypothyroid rats, in which the predominant isozymes are, respectively, V1 and V3. The technique is capable of detecting as small a change in the relative amount of V1 as 15% of the total myosin. Isoenzymes appear to be uniformly distributed within each ventricular cell. There is only a small difference in the content of V1 among the cells in a ventricular chamber of hearts from young euthyroid and hypothyroid rats, but in the period of rapid transition of isozyme content after thyroidectomy, there is considerable heterogeneity of V1 concentration among the cells. The functional implications of the mixture of isozymes is discussed.
Does Self-medication Predict the Persistence or Rather the Recurrence of Alcohol Dependence?—Reply
Authors: Rosa M. Crum, Ramin Mojtabai, Jitender Sareen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Arterial diastolic pressure augmentation by intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation enhances the onset of coronary artery reperfusion by thrombolytic therapy.
Authors: P AGurbel, R DAnderson, C SMacCord, HScott, S FKomjathy, JPoulton, J LStafford, JGodard
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDThe early establishment of infarct artery reperfusion by intravenous thrombolytic therapy has improved survival after acute myocardial infarction. Investigations of reperfusion have focused on the effects of specific thrombolytic agents, anticoagulation, and platelet inhibition. However, little attention has been given to the relation of arterial blood pressure to thrombolysis, a factor that probably affects thrombolytic agent delivery to the obstructing thrombus.METHODS AND RESULTSThe effect of arterial diastolic pressure augmentation by intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) on reperfusion after intravenous thrombolytic therapy was studied in a canine model. A critical left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis was created by an occluder. Acute thrombosis immediately proximal to the occluder was formed by local injection of a blood and thrombin mixture into a segment of the artery that had intimal damage (groups 1 through 3). Continuous coronary blood flow velocity was measured by...
Congenital heart malformations associated with disproportionate ventricular septal thickening.
Authors: B JMaron, J EEdwards, V JFerrans, C EClark, E ALebowitz, W LHenry, S EEpstein
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, or ASH, is a genetically determined myocardial disorder that is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. ASH is characterized by a disproportionately thickened ventricular septum that contains numerous hypertrophied, bizarrely-shaped and disorganized cardiac muscle cells. Disproportionate hypertrophy of the ventricular septum has also been observed in association with certain congenital cardiac malformations. To determine whether such congenital cardiac malformations are part of the disease spectrum of genetically determined ASH, cardiac pathologic observations were made in eight patients with disproportionate septal thickening (ventricular septal to posterobasal left ventricular free wall thickness ratios of 1.5 to 2.5) and the following three categories of associated lesions: 1) parachute deformity of the mitral valve (occurring either as an isolated lesion or with ventricular septal defect, coarctation of the aorta, supravalvular ring of the left atrium, or double outl...
Myocardial metabolism in cyanotic congenital heart disease studied by arteriovenous differences of lactate, phosphate, and potassium at rest and during atrial pacing.
Authors: BFriedli, BHaenni, PMoret, L HOpie
Journal: Circulation (1977)

To study myocardial metabolism in chronic hypoxia due to cyanotic congenital heart disease, coronary arteriovenous differences of lactate (L), pyruvate (P), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and potassium (K) were measured in 14 cyanotic patients and seven controls, at rest and during atrial pacing. At rest, there was no difference in any parameter between cyanotic and noncyanotic patients. During atrial pacing (150-175/min) for 10 min, a moderate drop in L-extraction occurred in the control patients with some increase in L/P ratio in coronary venous blood. Cyanotic patients fell into two groups: in nine (group I), the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) dropped with pacing. Their L-extraction fell sharply, from 28.1 +/- 3.12 to --2.8 5.51 and L production occurred in five. There was a significance increase in coronary venous L/P ratio. Five cyanotic patients (group II) showed no drop in SaO2 with pacing, and L extraction as well as L/P ratio remained stable. Uptake of Pi was noted in all patients at rest, during pa...
Anti-Reflux Ablation of the Cardiac Mucosa (Arma) Using Argon Plasma Coagulation
Authors: N Marcos Carrasco, E Rodriguez de Santiago, JR Foruny Olcina, C Teruel Sanchez-Vegazo
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A 23 year-old-man with PPI-dependent GERD. The cardiac mucosa was marked with argon catheter, from the Z line up to 3cm distally in a butterfly shape, sparing 1cm of healthy mucosa in the greater and lesser curvatures. After submucosal injection of a colloid, indigo carmine and adrenaline, the marked region is ablated (APC Forced coagulation, 100W, effect 3). One month later the patient presented dysphagia secondary to stenosis of the gastroesophageal junction, treated successfuly with 13.5mm balloon dilatation. The patient has no GERD symptoms without PPI at month 5.
Differential effects of diltiazem and nitroprusside on left ventricular function in experimental chronic volume overload.
Authors: C BPorter, R AWalsh, F RBadke, R AO'Rourke
Journal: Circulation (1983)

To compare the hemodynamic effects of a calcium-channel blocker with those of a conventional vasodilator in the awake preinstrumented dog, diltiazem and nitroprusside were administered in equihypotensive infusions before (decrease in mean aortic pressure by 10%; p less than .001, n = 6) and after (decrease in mean aortic pressure by 12%; p less than .001) chronic volume overload (CVO) produced by an infrarenal aortocaval fistula. Diltiazem had no effect on preload either before or after CVO. The maximal rate of change in left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax) was unaffected by diltiazem before the aortocaval fistula (decrease in dP/dtmax by 6%; p = NS) but was significantly reduced by calcium-channel blockade after CVO (decrease in dP/dtmax by 22%; p less than .001). By contrast, at matched aortic pressures nitroprusside significantly reduced left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and pressure (LVEDP) in the same animals before (decrease in LVEDD by 10%, p less than .05; decrease in LVEDP by 7 +/-...
Intracoronary thrombus and complex morphology in unstable angina. Relation to timing of angiography and in-hospital cardiac events.
Authors: M RFreeman, A EWilliams, R JChisholm, P WArmstrong
Journal: Circulation (1989)

In 78 consecutive patients with unstable angina, we performed coronary angiography randomized to either the first day of presentation or later during the hospital admission to assess the frequency of intracoronary thrombus and complex coronary morphology relative to the time of symptomatic presentation and the impact of these angiographic features on outcome. Early angiography (17 +/- 6 hours) was performed in 42 patients and late angiography in 36 patients (5.7 +/- 2.1 days). Twelve patients randomized to late angiography required urgent cardiac catheterization 3.9 +/- 2.2 days after admission. Coronary thrombi were present in 43% (18 of 42) of early angiography patients and in 38% (14 of 36) of late angiography patients (p = NS). Only 21% (five of 24) late elective angiography patients had coronary thrombi, but 75% (nine of 12) of late urgent angiography patients had thrombi (p less than 0.05 vs. both early and late elective angiography patients). There was no difference in the frequency of complex coro...