tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incomplete risk stratification in the non invasive arm of the fast revascularization during instability in coronary artery disease (FRISC-II) compared to the veterans affairs non-Q-wave infarction strategies in hospital (VANQWISH) trials: A potential factor to explain the difference in trial outcomes Abhinav Goyal, Frederick F. Samaha, William E. Boden, Michael J. Wade, Stephen E. Kimmel. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
TCT-623: Intravascular Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography Comparison of the Self-expanding Sideguard Stent in the Sidebranch Versus a Balloon- Expandable Drug-Eluting Stent in the Main Vessel: Follow-up Results of Bifurcation Lesions Treated with this Novel Approach
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Goldilocks and the three TILs
Authors: Hannah Dada, Michael L. Dustin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

In this issue of JEM, Shakiba et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201966) tell a tale of three tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The first TIL was too strong and became exhausted. The second TIL was too weak and became inert. The third TIL lost CD8, and this made it just right.
COVID-19 vaccination in gastrointestinal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: A single institute experience.
Authors: Mitsukuni Suenaga, Shinichi Yamauchi, Taiki Masuda, Marie Hanaoka, Noriko Iwata, Yuya Sato, Chiharu Tomii, Masanori Tokunaga, Yusuke Kinugasa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

30 Background: Early approval of COVID-19 vaccine has significant benefits for cancer patients treated under the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. However, there has been limited reports that investigated the safety and efficacy of vaccination in cancer patients and the optimal timing of vaccination during chemotherapy. We therefore investigated the effects of vaccination on treatment in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: Our retrospective observational study included 52 patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer receiving chemotherapy at the medical hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University in Tokyo who had two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna) between May 2021 and September 2021. All patients had no history of COVID-19 infection. Treatment- and vaccination-related adverse events were recorded by outpatient interviews and self-reports. All adverse events were evaluated using CTCAE v5.0. Results: Characteristics of patients were as follows (N = 52): median age, 70y (range, 49–89); male/female, 30/22; ECOG PS 0, 75%; local/metastatic, 12/40; mean BMI, 23.4±4.1; comorbidities in 36 (cardiovascular in 24, diabetes in 8, kidney disease in 8, liver disease in 6, lung disease in 1); treatment (cytotoxic in 45, biologics in 23, immune checkpoint inhibitor in 4). Of the 52 patients, 45 received chemotherapy prior to vaccination; days from last dose to first vaccination, median 11 (range, 1–70); days from first to second vaccinations, median 21 (range, 21–41); days from first vaccination to chemotherapy, median 10 (range, 2–34). 11 patients (24.4%) changed treatment schedule: 3 for safety reasons, 4 for myelosuppression and 4 for convenience. 4 patients stopped treatment due to disease progression. Following the first vaccination, 37 patients (82.2%) had adverse events (AEs): injection site pain (n = 35), fatigue (n = 6), fever (n = 3), headache (n = 2), gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 2), redness (n = 1), insomnia (n = 1). There was no treatment- and vaccine-related deaths. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that vaccine-related AEs in GI cancer patients receiving chemotherapy are tolerable, and treatment schedule changes could be minimized. Although careful monitoring is required, COVID-19 vaccination is also recommended for cancer patients toward the convergence of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prostatic Crystalloids
Authors: Betsy D. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Intraluminal crystalline structures having distinctive morphological characteristics were noted by Holmes<sup>1</sup>in 1977 in association with prostatic adenocarcinoma. In her series of 335 cases, she found these crystalloids in 23%. The structures were almost exclusively confined to malignant glands and were not seen in benign prostates. A study by Jensen et al<sup>2</sup>and a subsequent study by Ro et al<sup>3</sup>found crystalloids in approximately 10% of cases of prostate cancer, suggesting that Holmes' 23% was an overestimation. These differences, however, are probably related to sampling, since recent investigations using whole-organ tissue sections revealed crystalloids in the majority of cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma.<sup>4</sup>Although most commonly seen in well-differentiated neoplasms, prostatic crystalloids have been noted in metastatic sites.<sup>5</sup>They have also been found in fine-needle aspirates of the prostate (G. F. Worsham, MD, B. W. Kellough, MD; B. S. Collins, MD, unpublished data, 1987). The significance
Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics
Authors: Leonard F. Peltier
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The new fourth edition of the Campbell's<i>Operative Orthopaedics</i>has been almost entirely reorganized and rewritten. Of the over 1,500 illustrations one third are new and all are of good quality. The two-volume format of the previous edition has been retained, but the new volumes are not quite as thick and bulky. Improved typography with a two-column page has made the book more attractive and easier to read. In spite of its size, there is no padding or extraneous material. Dr. A. H. Crenshaw has exercised good editorial discipline. A major innovation is the special chapter on the hand by Lee Milford. Here, the surgical techniques used in the treatment of injuries and diseases of the band are presented. The text is well coordinated with the fine illustrations. This section, amounting to 10% of the entire book, is one of its outstanding features. The book covers the entire field of
Abstract P320: Is Co-occurring Endometriosis Among Women With Myocardial Infarction Associated With Worse In-hospital Outcomes? Findings From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Akintunde Akinjero, Oluwole Adegbala, Tomi Akinyemiju
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Recent studies have shown that patients with endometriosis have an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Inflammatory diseases that increase the risk of coronary artery disease have also been shown to worsen outcomes. We sought to evaluate the effect of co-occurring endometriosis among women with myocardial infarction (MI) on stroke, length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality. Methods: Data was obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). We studied women ages 18 and above hospitalized for MI between 2007 and 2011. Admissions for endometriosis, MI and outcomes data were extracted using ICD-9 CM codes. We estimated weighted frequencies and proportions for all patients admitted for MI, co-occurring endometriosis and for all covariates. We then performed bivariate parametric tests of association as appropriate. In order to evaluate the independent effect of co-occurring endometriosis and MI on stroke, LOS and in-hospital mortality, we constructed multivariate regression models. Results: We found a total of 420,940 hospital admissions for myocardial infarction. Out of these, 80 had co-occurring endometriosis. Women with these co-occurring conditions were more likely to be white (67.5%) and privately insured (53.8%). In adjusted models, compared to those without, women with co-occurring endometriosis and MI did not have a significantly higher risk of stroke (aOR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.27- 4.56) or prolonged LOS (aOR=1.29, 95% CI: 0.45 - 3.04). Risk was not found to be increased for in-hospital mortality (aOR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.26 - 1.95). Conclusion: Our study shows that co-occurring endometriosis among women with MI was not significantly associated with worse in-hospital outcomes. Larger, prospective, studies with longer follow-up time after discharge are needed to further evaluate this association.
MICROBIAL CELL WALLS
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P334: Primary Prevention Aspirin Use in an African American Population: The Impact of Health Beliefs and Social Norms
Authors: Jeremy R Van’t Hof, Jeffrey Misialek, Niki Oldenburg, Sue Duval, Alan T Hirsch, Russell V Luepker
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death that disproportionately impacts African Americans. Aspirin (ASA) is a simple, low-cost medication that lowers the risk of a first heart attack or stroke by 12-22%. This study investigates the prevalence of primary prevention ASA use among a metropolitan, predominantly African American population. It examines the association between primary prevention ASA use and measures of health beliefs, social norms, and perceptions of CVD risk hypothesized to influence ASA use. Methods: Between April and August 2015, trained community health workers administered 10 minute, in-person surveys to a convenience sample of adults ages 45-79 years within the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area. The survey defined demographics, CVD history, atherosclerosis risk factors and ASA use. CVD risk perceptions and ASA-related health beliefs and social norms were evaluated using a 4 point Likert scale. Logistic regression with adjustment for age and number of risk factors was used to examine the association of demographics and health beliefs with ASA use. Results: Of the 797 survey participants, 590 had no CVD history. Of these, 460 (78%) were between the ages of 50-69, the range recently defined in the 2016 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation. Overall primary prevention ASA use was 38% and increased as the number of CVD risk factors (RF) increased, from 21% (0 RF) to 62% (≥ 3 RF). After adjusting for age and risk factors, ASA use was associated with diabetes (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.6-4.2) and current smoking (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.6). If a participant discussed ASA use with a doctor, they were much more likely to use ASA (OR 5.5, 95% CI: 3.7-8.1). Participants who believed ASA could prevent a heart attack or stroke were also more likely to use it (OR 4.6, 95% CI: 1.9-11.4). ASA use was higher among participants who perceived that their peers were using ASA (OR 3.7, 95% CI: 2.0-6.6), and among participants who believed those close to them thought they should use ASA (OR 6.6, 95% CI: 4.1-10.5). Perceived safety and ease of use were also positively associated with ASA use, (OR 9.8, 95% CI: 5.0-19.3 and OR 23.2, 95% CI: 8.2-65.5 respectively). Conclusion: Increased primary prevention aspirin use was associated with positive beliefs regarding the expectations and behaviors of participants’ social network, and about perceived effectiveness, safety and convenience of the medication. Novel interventions to increase primary prevention ASA use could focus on promoting conversations with physicians about appropriate ASA use, and normalizing ASA for at-risk individuals within communities.
Joey
Authors: E. Dorinda LOEFFEL
Journal: JAMA (1976)

What happens to an intelligent mind when it is harnessed to a spastic, disobedient body? Joey Deacon is well qualified to tell us, as he cannot walk, feed or dress himself, or even speak coherently. With remarkable courage, he gives rare insight into how it feels to have cerebral palsy. The book was originally published in 1974 under the title,<i>Tongue Tied</i>, perhaps indicative of Joey's greatest frustration. Joey clearly recalls his life, spent largely within one hospital community in England. High points center around the anticipation, enjoyment and recollection of special events such as family visits, Christmas holidays, and trips away from the hospital. Low points include serious illnesses, causing separation from friends, and wistful recognition of his inability to ever marry or live an independent life. His life in the hospital has been greatly enriched by living with three other men as a "family" for over 20 years.
Real-world effectiveness and safety of camrelizumab-based neoadjuvant therapy in resectable esophageal cancer: Initial results of a prospective multicenter observational study.
Authors: Yi Zhang, Guoyi Shen, Rongyu Xu, Guozhong Huang, Shengsheng Yang, Qingfeng Zheng, Zhijun Huang, Hongbing Duan, Liangyun Ma, Libao Yang, Yunfeng Yi, Rongxing Liu, Kezhi Li, Shaogeng Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

250 Background: Camrelizumab, a fully humanized monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody, has shown promising efficacy with good tolerance in neoadjuvant therapy of resectable locally advanced esophageal cancer (EC). The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of camrelizumab-based neoadjuvant therapy in a comparatively larger number of resectable EC patients in a real-world setting and initial results were reported here. Methods: In this prospective multicenter observational study (ChiCTR2000039170), patients with histologically confirmed resectable EC who were scheduled for camrelizumab-based neoadjuvant therapy at the discretion of treating physicians/ oncologists were included. Eligible patients were aged ≥ 18 years, had ECOG PS of 0-1, measurable disease per RECIST v1.1, adequate organ function, and expected survival time of ≥ 3 months, as well as provided written informed consent. The primary endpoint was safety. The secondary endpoints were major pathologic response (MPR), pathologic complete response (pCR), R0 resection rate, overall response rate (ORR), one-year overall survival (OS) rate, and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: At total of 166 patients (62.9 ± 9.2 years, and 84.2% male) were enrolled between October 20 2020 and August 26 2021. All patients received neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapies (primarily nab-paclitaxel and nedaplatin) except one receiving camrelizumab alone. Overall, 109 patients (65.7%) experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), most commonly reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP, 45.3%), cough (10.4%), and pneumonia (8.5%). Thirteen (7.8%) patients experienced grade 3-4 TRAEs. There was no grade 5 toxicity. At the data cutoff, 141 (84.9%) patients were evaluable for radiological response, 82 (69.5%) patients underwent surgical resection. The ORR was 70.9% (100/141) and the R0 resection rate was 97.5% (79/82). Among the 81 patients available for pathologic assessment, 51 (63.0%) patients achieved MPR and of which, 15 (18.5%) had pCR. The median survival times have not been reached at the time of data analysis. Conclusions: The real-world data of our resectable EC patients showed effectiveness and safety profiles of camrelizumab-based neoadjuvant therapy consistent with those observed in previous trials.
MEDICINE AND THE WAR
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AB1, a novel protein targeting TP53 mutated GI tumors.
Authors: Agamemnon A. Epenetos, Karima Karagussova, Mahendra Deonarain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

96 Background: The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is one of the most frequently deleted or mutated genes in gastrointestinal cancers. Normal p53 regulates several important proteins that control cell cycle, cell death, DNA damage/repair, stemness, differentiation and other key cellular functions. If the TP53 gene is damaged, tumor suppression is severely compromised. On the other hand, and downstream of p53, p21 a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) protein binds and inhibitsthe activity of cyclin - CDK2, - CDK1, and - CDK4/6, thus functioning as a regulator ofcell cycle progression at G 1 and S phase. It can act as de facto p53 repair/ replacement mechanism. We have thus hypothesised that, if we were able to deliver wild type p21 into all p53 mutated cancer cells, it would have a possible therapeutic effect. Methods: We have constructed recombinantly a new fusion protein, named AB1, composed of a cell penetrating protein (antennapedia) ANTP and wild type p21 and tested it in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models prior to clinical studies. AB1 could also be constructed semi-synthetically by conjugating recombinant ANTP chemically to p21 protein. Results: AB1 penetrated and killed p53 mutated cancer cells but did not kill cells that did not have p53 mutations AB1 penetrated but did not kill p53- or p21- wild-type cells. AB1 was not immunogenic in normal New Zealand White rabbits. AB1 was more cytotoxic when administered with conventionally-used chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusions: We have generated a selectively cytotoxic fusion protein against p53 mutated GI cancers which is effective when used as a single agent but more so when used in combination with chemotherapy. The phaseI/II clinical trial will include eligible patients who have p53 mutated GI cancers
Untangling macrophage/microglia complexity in glioblastoma subtypes to elucidate the impact of CSF1R inhibition
Authors: Felipe I Espinoza, Paul R Walker
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Advances in the molecular classification of glioblastoma (GBM) going beyond histology have provided a wealth of information on tumor biology but have led to no treatment breakthroughs for most patients. Intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity is justifiably invoked as being an impediment to successful outcomes in clinical trials based on broad patient cohorts, which can include gliomas with different transcriptional profiles, namely mesenchymal, proneural/neural, and classical subtypes. This subtyping has prognostic value and mechanistic relevance because many of the core genes are linked to pathways driving gliomagenesis, which has led to the development of mouse models recapitulating these subtypes. These models offer an opportunity to address the impact of transcriptional subtype on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune cell infiltration. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), derived either from bone marrow/blood monocytes or from brain resident microglia, are the main immune cell of the TME and can promote tumor growth.1 These TAM populations are phenotypically and functionally diverse, and are in constant dialogue with glioma cells, the consequences of which can depend upon the GBM subtype.1,2 A highly promising TAM-targeting approach in GBM is the depletion or reprogramming of myeloid cells by colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitors. Despite promising results in mouse GBM models,3,4 CSFR1 inhibition failed to demonstrate effectiveness in clinical trials.5 In mice, resistance to CSF1R inhibition was driven by insulin-like growth factor 1 released by reprogrammed TAMs,6 but other factors within the TME such as vasculature, heterogeneous microglia/macrophage populations, and the dynamics of their interactions with different subtypes of glioma cells also warrant exploration (Figure 1A).
Medicaid expansion to reduce racial disparity in the incidence of early onset colorectal cancer.
Authors: Shafia Rahman, Riya Jayesh Patel, Jianyou Liu, Ana Acuna-Villaorduna, Mimi Kim, Sanjay Goel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

24 Background: Early onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC, age &lt; 50 years) is an emerging public health crisis, especially in minorities. We evaluated and compared the effects of Medicaid expansion on the incidence of EO-CRC among Hispanics, Blacks, and Whites across the United States. Methods: The National Cancer Data Base was used to collect data on newly diagnosed cases of EO-CRC (40-49 years) among the three races, across all stages, from 2010-2017. Data for 21 expansion states (ES) that expanded Medicaid in 2014, and 16 non-expansion (NES) states was analyzed, excluding the states which expanded after 2014.The yearly state-wise population of all three races was collected from the U.S Census Bureau for 2010-17. A segmented Poisson regression model with generalized estimating equations was used for statistical analysis. Results: Annual incidence (AI) of EO-CRC pre and post expansion, in ES was 6/100,000 and 9/100,000 in Hispanics; 17/100,000 and 21/100,000 in Blacks and 14/100,000 and 18/100,000 for Whites. In NES the AI, pre and post 2014 was 8/100,000 and 10/100,000 among Hispanics, 19/100,00 and 24/100,000 among Blacks and 16/100,000 and 20/100,000 among Whites. Rate of change in AI of EO-CRC among Hispanics was 4.3% per year (2010-14), and 9.8% (2014-17) for ES states; and 6.4% (2010-14), and 1% (2014-17) in NES; among blacks was 3.8 % per year (2010-14), and 1.3% (2014-17) for ES states; and 1.6% (2010-14), and 3.2% (2014-17) in NES. Among Whites, increase in AI was 4.3% per year (2010-14), and 6.3% (2014-17) for ES states; and 4.0% (2010-14), and 5.7% (2014-17) in NES. ES showed greater change in incidence after expansion compared to pre-expansion in the incidence of EO-CRC as compared to NES (p=0.03) in Hispanics, however no significant difference was noted among Blacks (p=0.33) and Whites(p=0.94). Racial groups did significantly differ with respect to the degree of change in pre and post expansion (2014) rates of incidence of EO- CRC in the ES, however, in the NES, there were significant difference between the Hispanics and Whites (p=0.01), but not between Blacks versus Whites. Conclusions: Medicaid expansion reduces racial disparities in detection of EOCRC.[Table: see text]