tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P249: Incident Sleep-Disordered Breathing is Associated with Obesity: Penn State Child Cohort
Authors: Edward O Bixler, Alexandros N Vgontzas, Duanping Liao, Susan Calhoun, Julio Fernandez-Mendoza, Fan He, Sol M Rodriguez-Colon
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objectives: To study the epidemiology of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in adolescents, which has received little attention. Methods: The Penn State Child Cohort (PSCC) is a representative general population sample of 700 children aged 5-12 years. Our preliminary results are based on an average 8 year follow up of the initial 300 prospective subjects (~43%) from this ongoing cohort study. A logistic regression was used to assess the association between potential risk factors and incident SDB. Results: The mean age at the 8-year follow up examination was 17.2 ± 0.1 years, with an average BMI percentile of 66.6 ± 1.6 and 56.5% boys. At baseline 1.5% of this subsample had SDB, defined by Apnea Hypopnia Index (AHI &gt; 5 /hour). Surprisingly, there was no persistence of SDB. Eight-year incident SDB was 10.5%. The average AHI in those with incident SDB was 12.7 with a maximum of 92.4. Incident SDB was similar for girls (7.8%) and boys (12.7%). Those with SDB were older than those without (18.7 vs 17.0 years, P&lt;0.001) and girls with SDB were older than boys with SDB (20.0 vs 18.0 years, P=0.002). Those with incident SDB tended to have a greater change in BMI percentile (8.2 vs 1.8, P = 0.143) during the follow up and slightly higher minority representation (25.8% vs 21.9%, P=0.655). A logistic regression model identified three variables that were associated with incident SDB, controlling for baseline AHI: age (OR = 1.5 (1.3, 1.9) P&lt;0.001), male (OR= 2.5 (1.11,10.00) P=0.021), and [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8710;]]BMIPCT (OR=1.2(1.02, 1.5) P=0.032). Conclusion: In this population based sample of adolescents, the 8-year incidence of SDB was high (10.5%), whereas childhood SDB did not persist into adolescence. Further, the results indicate that risk factors for incident SDB in adolescents are age, male and the development of obesity.
高尿中8-イソ-プロスタグランジンF2α濃度は早期冠状動脈アテローム性硬化症におけるプラーク不安定性を反映する(3次元血管内超音波試験)
Authors: Hitsumoto Takashi, Takahashi Mao, Iiduka Takuo, Shirai Koji, Matsuzaki Masunori, Ryoke Tsutomu, Hisamatsu Yuji
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Time interval between self-expandable metal stent placement or creation of a decompressing stoma and elective resection of left-sided obstructive colon cancer
Authors: Jeanin E. van Hooft, Pieter Job Tanis, Joyce Valerie Veld, Aydan Kumcu, Femke Julie Amelung, Wernard Aat Antoine Borstlap, Esther Catharina Josephina Consten, Jan Willem Teunis Dekker, Henderik Leendert van Westreenen, Peter D. Siersema, Frank ter Borg, Miranda Kusters, Wilhelmus Adrianus Bemelman, Johannes Hendrik Willem de Wilt
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background The optimal timing of resection after decompression of left-sided obstructive colon cancer is unknown. Revised expert-based guideline recommendations have shifted from an interval of 5 – 10 days to approximately 2 weeks following self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement, and recommendations after decompressing stoma are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the recommended bridging intervals after SEMS and explore the timing of resection after decompressing stoma. Methods This nationwide study included patients registered between 2009 and 2016 in the prospective, mandatory Dutch ColoRectal Audit. Additional data were collected through patient records in 75 hospitals. Only patients who underwent either SEMS placement or decompressing stoma as a bridge to surgery were selected. Technical SEMS failure and unsuccessful decompression within 48 hours were exclusion criteria. Results 510 patients were included (182 SEMS, 328 decompressing stoma). Median bridging interval was 23 days (interquartile range [IQR] 13 – 31) for SEMS and 36 days (IQR 22 – 65) for decompressing stoma. Following SEMS placement, no significant differences in post-resection complications, hospital stay, or laparoscopic resections were observed with resection after 11 – 17 days compared with 5 – 10 days. Of SEMS-related complications, 48 % occurred in patients operated on beyond 17 days. Compared with resection within 14 days, an interval of 14 – 28 days following decompressing stoma resulted in significantly more laparoscopic resections, more primary anastomoses, and shorter hospital stays. No impact of bridging interval on mortality, disease-free survival, or overall survival was demonstrated. Conclusions Based on an overview of the data with balancing of surgical outcomes and timing of adverse events, a bridging interval of approximately 2 weeks seems appropriate after SEMS placement, while waiting 2 – 4 weeks after decompressing stoma further optimizes surgical conditions for laparoscopic resection with restoration of bowel continuity.
The Association between Residential Green Space in Childhood and Development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Malene Thygesen, Kristine Engemann, Gitte J. Holst, Birgitte Hansen, Camilla Geels, Jørgen Brandt, Carsten B. Pedersen, Søren Dalsgaard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Access to green space has been hypothesized to have a beneficial impact on children's mental well-being and cognitive development. The underlying mechanisms of the mental health benefits of green space are not fully understood, but different pathways have been suggested, such as the psychologically restoring capacities of green space, the ability to facilitate physical activity and social cohesion, and the mitigation of exposure to air pollution.In this nationwide cohort study, we investigated associations between residential green space in early childhood and a clinical diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The cohort included individuals, who were born in Denmark between 1992 and 2007 (n=814,689) and followed for a diagnosis of ADHD from age 5, during the period 1997-2016. We used the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a measure of vegetation greenness surrounding each residential address in a quadratic area of 210m×210m in which the residence was located in the center of the quadrate. Individual exposure to green space was calculated as the average of NDVI surrounding each individual's residential address (or addresses if more than one) between birth and the fifth birthday. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ADHD, according to exposure level and adjusted for calendar time, age, sex, parental socioeconomic status, neighborhood level socioeconomic status, and urbanicity.Individuals living in areas defined by sparse green vegetation (lowest decile of NDVI) had an increased risk of developing ADHD, compared with individuals living in areas within the highest decile of NDVI (IRR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.46, 1.65). Adjusting for the known confounders attenuated the result, but the association remained (IRR=1.20; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.28).Our findings suggest that lower levels of green space in residential surroundings, during early childhood, may be associated with a higher risk of developing ADHD. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6729.
Asthma and COVID-19: do we finally have answers?
Authors: Katrien Eger, Elisabeth H. Bel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Large-scale studies confirm previous findings about a slightly increased incidence of COVID-19, but not of severe COVID-19, in asthma patients. Still, no definitive conclusions can be drawn since many bias factors have not been taken into account.</b>https://bit.ly/34FRfmT
Case 41-2020: A 62-Year-Old Man with Memory Loss and Odd Behavior
Authors: Bruce H. Price, David L. Perez, Otto Rapalino, Derek H. Oakley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A 62-year-old man with a history of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia presented with memory loss, personality changes, and odd behavior. One year earlier, he had received diagnoses of attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder, adjustment disorder, and avoidant personality traits. A diagnosis was made.
Early Growth Response (EGR)-1 Is a Key Regulator of Human Primary Bone Marrow Stroma Cells with a Dual Role in Proliferation and Hematopoietic Stroma Support Function
Authors: Hongzhe Li, Roshanak Ghazanfari, Hooi Ching Lim, Jenny Hansson, Dimitra Zacharaki, Stefan Scheding
Journal: Blood (2017)
Reply to “Double-counting of effect sizes and inappropriate exclusion of studies in “The influence of vitamin D supplementation on IGF-1 levels in humans: A systematic review and meta_analysis”
Authors: Hamed Kord-Varkaneh, Giulia Rinaldi, Azita Hekmatdoost, Somaye Fatahi, Shing Cheng Tan, Mahdi Shadnoush, Vahid Khni, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Meysam Zarezadeh, Shekoufeh Salamat, Hiba Bawadi, Jamal Rahmani
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2020)
Turbinmicin inhibits Candida biofilm growth by disrupting fungal vesicle–mediated trafficking
Authors: Miao Zhao, Fan Zhang, Robert Zarnowski, Kenneth Barns, Ryley Jones, Jen Fossen, Hiram Sanchez, Scott R. Rajski, Anjon Audhya, Tim S. Bugni, David R. Andes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2020)

The emergence of drug-resistant fungi has prompted an urgent threat alert from the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Biofilm assembly by these pathogens further impairs effective therapy. We recently identified an antifungal, turbinmicin, that inhibits the fungal vesicle-mediated trafficking pathway and demonstrates broad-spectrum activity against planktonically growing fungi. During biofilm growth, vesicles with unique features play a critical role in the delivery of biofilm extracellular matrix components. As these components are largely responsible for the drug resistance associated with biofilm growth, we explored the utility of turbinmicin in the biofilm setting. We found that turbinmicin disrupted extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery during biofilm growth and that this impaired the subsequent assembly of the biofilm matrix. We demonstrated that elimination of the extracellular matrix rendered the drug-resistant biofilm communities susceptible to fungal killing by turbinmicin. Furthermore, the addition of turbinmicin to otherwise ineffective antifungal therapy potentiated the activity of these drugs. The underlying role of vesicles explains this dramatic activity and was supported by phenotype reversal with the addition of exogenous biofilm EVs. This striking capacity to cripple biofilm assembly mechanisms reveals a new approach to eradicating biofilms and sheds light on turbinmicin as a promising anti-biofilm drug.
The role of CD23 in the regulation of allergic responses
Authors: Paul Engeroff, Monique Vogel
Journal: Allergy (2020)

Abstract IgE, the key molecule in atopy has been shown to bind two receptors, FcεRI, the high‐affinity receptor, and FcεRII (CD23), binding IgE with lower affinity. Whereas cross‐linking of IgE on FcεRI expressed by mast cells and basophils triggers the allergic reaction, binding of IgE to CD23 on B cells plays an important role in both IgE regulation and presentation. Furthermore, IgE‐immune complexes (IgE‐ICs) bound by B cells enhance antibody and T cell responses in mice and humans. However, the mechanisms that regulate the targeting of the two receptors and the respective function of the two pathways in inflammation or homeostasis are still a matter of debate. Here, we focus on CD23 and discuss several mechanisms related to IgE binding, as well as the impact of the IgE/antigen‐binding on different immune cells expressing CD23. One recent paper has shown that free IgE preferentially binds to FcεRI whereas IgE‐ICs are preferentially captured by CD23. Binding of IgE‐ICs to CD23 on B cells can, on one hand, regulate serum IgE and prevent effector cell activation and on the other hand facilitate antigen presentation by delivering the antigen to dendritic cells. These data argue for a multifunctional role of CD23 for modulating IgE serum levels and immune responses.
Evaluation of Cell Type Annotation R Packages on Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data
Authors: Qianhui Huang, Yu Liu, Yuheng Du, Lana X. Garmire
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2020)

Abstract Annotating cell types is a critical step in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. Some supervised or semi-supervised classification methods have recently emerged to enable automated cell type identification. However, comprehensive evaluations of these methods are lacking. Moreover, it is not clear whether some classification methods originally designed for analyzing other bulk omics data are adaptable to scRNA-seq analysis. In this study, we evaluated ten cell type annotation methods publicly available as R packages. Eight of them are popular methods developed specifically for single-cell research, including Seurat, scmap, SingleR, CHETAH, SingleCellNet, scID, Garnett, and SCINA. The other two methods were repurposed from deconvoluting DNA methylation data, i.e., linear constrained projection (CP) and robust partial correlations (RPC). We conducted systematic comparisons on a wide variety of public scRNA-seq datasets as well as simulation data. We assessed the accuracy through intra-dataset and inter-dataset predictions; the robustness over practical challenges such as gene filtering, high similarity among cell types, and increased cell type classes; as well as the detection of rare and unknown cell types. Overall, methods such as Seurat, SingleR, CP, RPC, and SingleCellNet performed well, with Seurat being the best at annotating major cell types. Additionally, Seurat, SingleR, CP, and RPC were more robust against downsampling. However, Seurat did have a major drawback at predicting rare cell populations, and it was suboptimal at differentiating cell types highly similar to each other, compared to SingleR and RPC. All the code and data are available from https://github.com/qianhuiSenn/scRNA_cell_deconv_benchmark.
Evaluation of Suicide Mortality Among Sexual Minority US Veterans From 2000 to 2017
Authors: Kristine E. Lynch, Elise Gatsby, Benjamin Viernes, Karen C. Schliep, Brian W. Whitcomb, Patrick R. Alba, Scott L. DuVall, John R. Blosnich
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Identification of subgroups at greatest risk for suicide mortality is essential for prevention efforts and targeting interventions. Sexual minority individuals may have an increased risk for suicide compared with heterosexual individuals, but a lack of sufficiently powered studies with rigorous methods for determining sexual orientation has limited the knowledge on this potential health disparity. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate suicide mortality among sexual minority veterans using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic health record data. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective population-based cohort study used data on 8.1 million US veterans enrolled in the VHA after fiscal year 1999 that were obtained from VHA electronic health records from October 1, 1999 to September 30, 2017. Data analysis was carried out from March 1, 2020 to October 31, 2020. <h3>Exposure</h3> Veterans with documentation of a minority sexual orientation. Documentation of sexual minority status was obtained through natural language processing of clinical notes and extraction of structured administrative data for sexual orientation in VHA electronic health records. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Suicide mortality rate using data on the underlying cause of death obtained from the National Death Index. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated for all-cause death and death from suicide among sexual minority veterans compared with the general US population and the general population of veterans. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 96 893 veterans with at least 1 sexual minority documentation in the electronic health record, the mean (SD) age was 46 (16) years, 68% were male, and 70% were White. Of the 12 591 total deaths, 3.5% were from suicide. Veterans had a significantly higher rate of mortality from suicide (standardized mortality ratio, 4.50; 95% CI, 4.13-4.99) compared with the general US population. Suicide was the fifth leading cause of death in 2017 among sexual minority veterans (3.8% of deaths) and the tenth leading cause of death in the general US population (1.7% of deaths). The crude suicide rate among sexual minority veterans (82.5 per 100 000 person-years) was higher than the rate in the general veteran population (37.7 per 100 000 person-years). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The results of this population-based cohort study suggest that sexual minority veterans have a greater risk for suicide than the general US population and the general veteran population. Further research is needed to determine whether and how suicide prevention efforts reach sexual minority veterans.
OP0053 Eular/ERA-EDTA Recommendations for The Management of Anca-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: M. Yates, R. Watts, I. Bajema, M. Cid, B. Crestani, T. Hauser, B. Hellmich, J. Holle, M. Laudien, M. Little, R. Luqmani, A. Mahr, P. Merkel, J. Mills, J. Mooney, M. Segelmark, V. Tesar, K. Westman, A. Vaglio, N. Yalçındağ, D. Jayne, C. Mukhtyar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Recommendation for primary and small vessel vasculitis were published in 2009. <h3>Objectives</h3> To update the 2009 recommendations with the focus being ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV) using systematic literature review, as well as expert opinion where appropriate. <h3>Methods</h3> A combined taskforce from European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), the European Renal Association (ERA-EDTA) and European Vasculitis Society (EUVAS) conducted a modified Delphi exercise to identify key areas of guideline for update. The identified themes were then used to generate keywords for literature searches. For the purpose of update a date period of 1st January 2007 to 1st February 2015 was chosen, to interrogate the main medical literature databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL). From an initial 1,347 hits, 82 clinically relevant studies were identified. The evidence presented was discussed and summarized by the experts in the course of a consensus finding and voting process. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations were derived and levels of agreement (strengths of recommendations) were determined. <h3>Results</h3> The 15 recommendations cover general aspects, such as attainment of remission and the need for shared decision-making between rheumatologists and patients. The more specific items relate to starting immunosuppressive therapy using a strategy in combination with glucocorticoids to induce remission, followed by a period of remission maintenance. For remission induction of life or organ-threatening AAV, cyclophosphamide and rituximab are considered to have similar efficacy. Azathioprine, rituximab and methotrexate are the preferred choices for remission maintenance. The recommendations address plasma exchange which is recommended, in the setting of rapidly progressive renal failure or severe diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage. To enable the recommendations to have maximum validity the voting process was also repeated amongst the members of EUVAS. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The recommendations have been updated and changes include; choice of drug therapy (both for induction, relapse and remission maintenance), monitoring for complications, the usefulness of repeated biopsy in those thought to having relapsing disease, monitoring for hypoimmunoglobulinaemia and recommendations on patient education. These recommendations are intended for use by healthcare professionals, doctors in specialist training, medical students, pharmaceutical industries and drug regulatory organisations. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Rapid generation of durable B cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins in COVID-19 and convalescence
Authors: Gemma E. Hartley, Emily S.J. Edwards, Pei M. Aui, Nirupama Varese, Stephanie Stojanovic, James McMahon, Anton Y. Peleg, Irene Boo, Heidi E. Drummer, P. Mark Hogarth, Robyn E. O’Hehir, Menno C. van Zelm
Journal: Science Immunology (2020)

Memory B cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins persist in peripheral blood after recovery from COVID-19.
Complete Recovery from COVID-19 Infection in an ESRD Patient
Authors: Ravi K. Thimmisetty, Zeenat Y. Bhat, Noreen F. Rossi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Introduction: We report a hemodialysis case having both influenza and COVID-19 who presented without respiratory symptoms and recovered fully with treatment by Interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor Case Description: 68-year-old Caucasian woman with history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, sleep apnea, atrial fibrillation, and ESRD on hemodialysis came to hospital with fever of 102°F  Her symptoms were fatigue, mental status changes, and decreased energy levels  There was no travel history and no contact with COVID positive or suspected COVID patients  On arrival to ER she had temperature of 99 4 f, bp 117/63, HR 102, RR 18, oxygen saturation of 99% on 2liters of oxygen  Examination revealed normal breathing sounds, no wheezing, and functional left forearm arteriovenous fistula  Rest of the exam was with in normal limits  Laboratory results showed sodium 138, potassium 5 7, chloride 96, bicarbonate 24, blood urea nitrogen 71, creatinine 13 5, C-reactive protein 15 06, ferritin 2532, She was positive for both influenza and SARS COV-2 PCR  Blood and urine cultures showed no growth  Imaging showed prominent interstitial vascular prominence;underlying pneumonia could not be excluded  Patient was admitted to COVID-19 isolation unit and empirically started on oseltamivir, Hydroxychloroquine, Zinc sulfate, vancomycin and, piperacillin-tazobactum for influenza, possible COVID and bacterial infection  Maintenance hemodialysis was resumed with challenging fluid removal because of pulmonary vascular congestion  She was positive for SARS COV-2 PCR on four subsequent tests  She developed progressive hypoxia  Oxygen requirements increased to 15 liters salter oxygen consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome  Two doses of Tocilizumab (IL-6 inhibitor) were given  Patient improved significantly and discharged home with two SARS CoV-2 PCR negative results Discussion: Our case is unique of having both influenza and COVID-19 infection and improved  More studies are warranted to evaluate clinical benefit of the above therapies
Abstract 11930: Berardinelli-seip Congenital Lipodystrophy 2 is Essential in Regulating Cardiac Substrate Metabolism and Function
Authors: Hongyi Zhou, Jie Li, Huabo Su, Ji Li, Martin E Young, Weiqin Chen
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Cardiac fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a major energy source for the adult mammalian heart. Intracellular triacylglyceride (TG) hydrolysis, which releases fatty acids (FAs) for the generation of ATP...