tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antigen identification and avoidance on outcomes in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Tananchai Petnak, Charat Thongprayoon, Misbah Baqir, Jay H. Ryu, Teng Moua
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Suspected causative antigens may be unidentified in 30-50% of patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (f-HP). It is unclear whether antigen identification and avoidance in this setting offer any additional clinical benefit. We hypothesised that antigen identification and avoidance may improve the clinical course of patients with fibrotic disease.Patients meeting recent international practice guidance for f-HP diagnosis evaluated at Mayo Clinic Rochester from January 2005 to December 2018 were included. Causative antigen and antigen avoidance were specifically defined and ascertained through review of the medical records. Cox proportional-hazards regression was performed to assess antigen identification and avoidance as predictors of either all-cause mortality or lung transplantation.377 patients were included. Of these, suspected causative antigen was identified in 225 (60%). Identification of a suspected antigen (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.69, 95% CI 0.48-0.99; p=0.04) and subsequent antigen avoidance (adjusted HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31-0.71; p<0.001) were associated with decreased all-cause mortality and transplantation. Both those with suspected antigen identification but nonavoidance and those with unidentifiable antigen had increased risk of all-cause mortality or transplantation (adjusted HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.34-3.69; p=0.002 versus adjusted HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.34-3.26; p=0.001, respectively). Exposure to avian antigen was associated with better outcome compared to other antigen subtypes (adjusted HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43-0.93; p=0.02).Our findings suggest that antigen identification and antigen avoidance remain relevant even in patients with fibrotic disease, where both appear to be associated with improved outcomes.
Correction: Impact of surgical versus endoscopic management of complex nonmalignant polyps in a colorectal cancer screening program
Authors: Maaike Buskermolen, Steffie K. Naber, Esther Toes-Zoutendijk, Miriam P. van der Meulen, Wilhelmina M. U. van Grevenstein, Monique E. van Leerdam, Manon C. W. Spaander, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Correction to: Impact of surgical versus endoscopic management of complex nonmalignant polyps in a colorectal cancer screening programEndoscopy eFirstDOI: 10.1055/a-1726-9144
Association between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Karo Parsegian, David Randall, Mike Curtis, Effie Ioannidou
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)

Abstract Periodontitis and chronic kidney disease are chronic conditions with high community prevalence across the world. Patients with chronic kidney disease have been noted to have a high burden of periodontitis, and several shared risk factors have been associated with the prevalence and severity of both conditions. However, the precise relationship between the two conditions, and the extent to which each may contribute to the development of the other, remains a matter of debate. The goals of the present work were to: (a) provide the most current and relevant literature overview of the association between periodontitis and chronic kidney disease; (b) explore mechanisms underlying this association; and (c) determine if evidence exists for an independent association between these conditions. We also assessed whether improved oral hygiene and periodontal treatment could reduce the risk of developing chronic kidney disease and, if so, what protocols these strategies involve. Finally, we aimed to reveal gaps in our current knowledge to delineate the directions of future research. Although the exact relationship between these two conditions has not yet been defined, we highlight the importance of the interprofessional interaction between dental practitioners and the nephrology team and the importance of oral health assessment in the management of chronic kidney disease.
THE NEW YORK PSYCHIATRICAL SOCIETY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1907)

The speaker said it was not difficult to point out glaring defects in our code of criminal procedure, judged by the standards of modern psychiatry, but legal, judicial, and even medical obstacles stood in the way of remedy¬ ing these defects.Any change from existing conditions would be possible only after a severe and prolonged contest by concerted forces.The fundamental error in criminal lunacy cases was the test of responsibility; i. e., the knowledge of right and wrong as to the act at the time of its commission.This had been condemned by medical writers as being no test at all.Should the letter of the law be strictly observed, no lunatic could, under it, escape the full punishment for his offense, unless it could be shown that, at the time of the commission of the act, he suffered from distinct clouding of consciousness.Under this law, nevertheless, many murderers had been acquitted by reason of insanity.A loophole had been left in certain States-not 'New York-by adding the "uncontrollable im¬ pulse" clause.When this clause did not exist the fate of the prisoner de¬ pended upon the construction which the jury saw fit to place on the knowledge of right and wrong as mentioned in the law.The question would naturally arise why, if so unsatisfactory, this test had stood so long with so little variation.The reasons were evident.Defective as is the knowledge of right and wrong as a test of responsibility, no better sub¬ stitute had ever been offered.Another reason why this law had stood might be found in the fact that the matter is always in the hands of laymen to whom the science of psychiatry is practically unknown.This test would have to endure so long as the code of criminal procedure re¬ mained what it is to-day, for the reason that this test is as good as any single test of insanity might be.Modern psychiatry demanded that this test be, not replaced by another, but be done away with altogether.'No criminal procedure could be at harmony with modern views of mental disease as long as there was no middle course between responsibility and irresponsibility, and no means of judging between them except those fur¬ nished by the knowledge of right and wrong.Nothing had been more plainly taught by recent advances in psychiatry than that different States make different degrees of responsibility.No law which failed to take cognizance of this fact could be satisfactory to alienists.Before undertaking any legislation in the line of amending the code of criminal procedure, the society should bend its energies toward the passage of a law which emanated from the society and which was in the hands of the committee at Albany.This law, if passed, would do away with many of
Hypnosis for Asthma--a Controlled Trial: A Report to the Research Committee of the British Tuberculosis Association
Authors: K Citron, S Black, J Crocket, D Davies, P Heaf, S Kalinowski, N Macdonald, G Maher-Loughnan, Morrison Mcallen, J Morrison, J Pepys, J Show, A Somner, C Stewart, Miss Kinsley, Drs Crocket, Bria Smith, Stewart Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1968)

An investigation of hypnosis in asthma was made among patients aged 10 to 60 years with paroxysmal attacks of wheezing or tight chest capable of relief by bronchodilators. One group of patients was given hypnosis monthly and used autohypnosis daily for one year. Comparisons were made with a control group prescribed a specially devised set of breathing exercises aimed at progressive relaxation. Treatment was randomly allocated and patients were treated by physicians in nine centres. Results were assessed by daily diary recordings of wheezing and the use of bronchodilators, and by monthly recordings of F.E.V.(1) and vital capacity. At the end of the year independent clinical assessments were made by physicians unaware of the patients' treatment.There were 252 patients (127 hypnosis and 125 controls) accepted for analysis, but a number of them did not continue the prescribed treatment for the whole year: 28 hypnosis and 22 control patients failed to co-operate, left the district, or had family problems; one hypnosis and one control patient died. Seven hypnosis and 17 control patients were withdrawn as treatment failures, the difference between the two groups being statistically significant.As judged by analyses based on the daily "score" of wheezing recorded in patients' diaries, by the number of times bronchodilators were used, and by independent clinical assessors, both treatment groups showed some improvement Among men the assessments of wheezing score and use of bronchodilators showed similar improvement in the two treatment groups; among women, however, those treated by hypnosis showed improvement similar to that observed in the men, but those given breathing exercises made much less progress, the difference between the two treatment groups reaching statistical significance. Changes in F.E.V.(1) and V.C. between the control and hypnosis groups were closely similar.Independent clinical assessors considered the asthma to be "much better" in 59% of the hypnosis group and in 43% of the control group, the difference being significant There was little difference between the sexes. Physicians with previous experience of hypnosis obtained significantly better results than did those without such experience.
International Agency for Research on Cancer Visiting Scientist Award, 1988–89
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

International Agency for Research on Cancer Visiting Scientist Award, 1988–89 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 79, Issue 3, September 1987, Page 610, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/79.3.610 Published: 01 September 1987
Host-microbiome protein-protein interactions capture disease-relevant pathways
Authors: Hao Zhou, Juan Felipe Beltrán, Ilana Lauren Brito
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Abstract Background Host-microbe interactions are crucial for normal physiological and immune system development and are implicated in a variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite large-scale case-control studies aimed at identifying microbial taxa or genes involved in pathogeneses, the mechanisms linking them to disease have thus far remained elusive. Results To identify potential pathways through which human-associated bacteria impact host health, we leverage publicly-available interspecies protein-protein interaction (PPI) data to find clusters of microbiome-derived proteins with high sequence identity to known human-protein interactors. We observe differential targeting of putative human-interacting bacterial genes in nine independent metagenomic studies, finding evidence that the microbiome broadly targets human proteins involved in immune, oncogenic, apoptotic, and endocrine signaling pathways in relation to IBD, CRC, obesity, and T2D diagnoses. Conclusions This host-centric analysis provides a mechanistic hypothesis-generating platform and extensively adds human functional annotation to commensal bacterial proteins.
Deaths from chronic renal failure under the age of 50. Medical Services Study Group of the Royal College of Physicians.
Authors: G Aber, ) Barnes, A Barnes, G Catto, C Dukes, N Edward, J Goldsmith, J Hawkins, D Hilton, M Macleod, B Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1981)

From a survey of the West Midlands and Mersey Regions and the Grampian Health Board, we found that in 1978 and 1979 some 122 patients with chronic renal failure died in hospital under the age of 50. Of these, 69 had been given dialysis or transplantation, or both, while for many reasons the remainder had been considered unsuitable. While the criteria varied, the reasons given for non-acceptance of cases seemed sound, and in no instance during this particular period was a patient denied dialysis because of a shortage of machines. We think that the public should be aware of these findings and not led to think that if only enough dialysis machines were available death from renal failure would be a rarity.
The Gulstonian Lectures, on Spasm in Chronic Nerve-Disease
Authors: S. J. Sharkey
Journal: BMJ (1886)

IN my first lecture, I considered the part played by chronic diseases, which injure the intracranial portion of the pyramidal tract, in the production of spasm.It was pointed out that the results are similar, whether the lesion is situated in the motor area of the cortex, in the central ganglia, in the crus, pons, or medulla, provided that the func- tion of the fibres of the pyramidal tract be interrupted.A point which is of great importance, and which will be again re- ferred to when we come to a consideration of functional spasm, is this, that congenital defects of portions of the central nervous system are as capable as destructive diseases of producing paralysis of limbs, accompanied by spasm.Case of Congenital Spastic Hemiplegia.-In the Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, vol.lxvi, 1883, I published "a case of Asymmetry of the Brain," anid discussed the bearing of the anatomical peculiarities of the specimen on the question of the connection between the optic nerves and certain definite areas of the cerebral cortex.But the case
Medico-Chirurgical Society of Glasgow. Discussion on Anæsthetics.
Authors: None J. B. H.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

This little book is a reprint from the<i>Glasgow Medical Journal</i>of a discussion on the subject of Anæsthetics which took place at three successive meetings of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Glasgow, held respectively October 17, 24 and 31, 1890. There is an introduction by Dr. William Macewen, and papers as follows: "The Action of Anæsthetics on the Respiration and Cardiac Action, and on the Risks Incident to this Action," by Dr. Joseph Coats; "On the Relative Value of the Various Anæsthetics," by Dr. T. Brown Henderson; " Ether as an Anæsthetic," by Dr. Hartley, of Leeds; "On Primary Chloroform Syncope," by Dr. Robert Kirk; " Thirty-five Years Experience of Anæsthetics," by Sir George MacLeod; "Anæsthetics in Relation to Midwifery," by Dr. William L. Reid; " Anæsthetics in Dental Practice," by Dr. Woodburn; "Nitrous Oxide, Cocaine and other Anæsthetics," by Dr. W. J. Fleming; "Causes of Death Under Chloroform," by
Meeting of the International Research Group for Carcinoembryonic Proteins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Meeting of the International Research Group for Carcinoembryonic Proteins Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 3, March 1978, Page 719, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.3.719-b Published: 01 March 1978
Haemorrhagic Pharyngitis
Authors: A. Jamison
Journal: BMJ (1888)

practice, at least, I have not often met with case of sterilit a. able to anterior deviations from the normal position o' the uterus, and I have seen early pregnancy coexistent with marked anteflexions.On the other hand, I have often traced sterility to retroversion, and again still more frequently to re- troflexion, by the latter of which not only is the permeability of the canal mechanically constricted at the point of flexion, but, moreover, as in cases of retroversion, and also of prolapsus uteri,
Role Of Diabetes and Hypertension in The Vascular Complications of The Extremities with Tissue Pattern Modifications and Their Role in Atherothrombotic Disease – A Histomorphometric Analysis
Authors: V.E.N.U.M.A.D.H.A.V. NELLURI, T. Ramesh Rao, S. Sudarshan, R. Deepthinath
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
Incidence of stroke in Oxfordshire: first year's experience of a community stroke register.
Authors: Oxford Leggatt, M Agass, D Otterburn, S Street, V Drury, R Pinches, N Crossley, H O'donnell, P Sandercock, S Price, H Kieso, S Hornung, G Altman, B Raftery, E Raftery
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project is a prospective study of all new cases of stroke and transient ischaemic attack in a defined population of about 103 000 patients registered with 49 general practitioners; every case is assessed by a neurologist and most patients undergo a CT scan or are examined post mortem, or both, to ensure accurate diagnosis. Out of 404 cases registered in the first year, 168 patients had suffered a first stroke, 52 a recurrent stroke, and 41 a transient ischaemic attack; 143 were excluded. Of the 168 patients with their first stroke, 153 (91%) were seen by a neurologist and 149 (89%) had a CT scan or came to necropsy. The pathological diagnosis was cerebral infarction in 127 cases (76%), intracranial haemorrhage in 22 (13%), and unknown in 19 (11%). The estimated yearly incidence of first stroke was 1.95/1000 population (age adjusted to 1981 population of England and Wales).
Duodenogastric reflux.
Authors: R C Heading
Journal: Gut (1983)

Duodenogastric refluxMany gastroenterologists respond with interest to a colleague who begins a discussion about duodenogastric reflux or biliary gastritis.In part, the interest stems from a knowledge of controversies in the clinical and scientific literature, but it seems to be reinforced when, from time to time, endoscopy allows direct observation of bile stained duodenal fluid flowing back through the pylorus into a patient's stomach.There is an immediate sense of observing something potentially nasty for the gastric mucosa.After all, is it not a credo of gastroenterology that bile in the stomach is both unnatural and unhealthy?Cold logic will then remind the endoscopist that the circumstances of endoscopy probably render his observation irrelevant to the usual behaviour of his patient's gastric outlet, but, in defiance of logic, the feeling that duodenogastric reflux may have clinical significance will persist.In this issue of Gut, Muller-Lissner et al describe a complex and sophisticated procedure they have used to measure duodenogastric reflux in normal subjects and patients with gastric ulcer.1 Based on the use of 99mTc-HIDA as a tracer of bile, they have attempted to overcome problems of previously described scintigraphic methods2 3 by intubating
Access to Expanded Prenatal Genetic Testing: Response to Open Peer Commentaries
Authors: Michelle J. Bayefsky, Benjamin E. Berkman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

This article refers to:Genetic Testing Is Messier in Practice than in Theory: Lessons from NeonatologyIntertwined Interests in Expanded Prenatal Genetic Testing: The State's Role in Facilitating Equitable AccessDelineating the Scope of NIPT: Ethics Meets PracticeCertainties and Uncertainties in Genetic Information: Good Ethics Starts with Good DataExpanded Prenatal Testing: Maintaining a Non-Directive Approach to Promote Reproductive AutonomyRestricting Access, Stigmatizing Disability?What Really Matters Now in Prenatal GeneticsThe Serious Factor in Expanded Prenatal Genetic TestingDoes Anyone Need to Regulate Parental Access to Fetal Genetic Information?
THE RÔLE OF MICROBIC VIRULENCE, DOSAGE, AND HOST RESISTANCE IN DETERMINING THE SPREAD OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AMONG MICE
Authors: Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. Several mouse populations under experimental observation were infected with B. enteritidis typhoid. The infection took the form of periods of low grade mortality interspersed with epidemiform outbreaks. During the periods of low grade mortality, the number of daily deaths was either relatively constant or rhythmic in 9 day intervals. The epidemiform outbreaks were associated invariably with some definite environmental disturbance. 2. The spread of this infection was not influenced by the presence of bacteriophage or the bacterial-dissociation phenomena. 3. The virulence or disease-producing power of B. enteritidis was found to be constant during all pre-epidemic, epidemic, and endemic phases of the infection. 4. The dosage of B. enteritidis available to a population at a given time was found to vary directly with mortality at a time difference approximating that of the incubation period of the disease. 5. The amount and severity of B. enteritidis infection in the populations were controlled experimentally by varying the diet from adequate to optimum constituents and by varying the daily immigrants from a relatively resistant to a susceptible race of mice.
Heberden Society. The Heberden Round April 1979.
Authors: J Cosh, D Elson, P Crawford, R Bacon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

EB virus has been suggested as a possible aetiological agent in RA since the majority of patients have antibody to RANA, a nuclear antigen in EB transformed cell lines.'This suggests that RA patients should have serological evidence of previous infection with EB virus.We have tested sera from 30 patients with classical or definite RA for anti- bodies to EB capsid antigen (VCA) using an indirect immunofluorescent test on cells containing the VCA. 5 (17%) of these typical RA patients had no VCA antibodies, in close agreement with the frequency in normal adult sera from the Bristol area.The failure to produce anti-VCA antibodies was not because the patients were immunosuppressed, as a result either of their therapy or of their disease.None were on second-line antirheumatic drugs and when immunised with bacteriophage 0X174 the patients produced antibody responses which were similar to a rheumatoid control group.Antibodies to RAJI, a Burkitt's line carrying the EB viral genome, were detected in some patients, but the reaction was exactly the same with Ramos cells, an American Burkitt's lymphoma line which does not carry the EB virus genome.A positive reaction was obtained in one serum from a VCA negative patient.This study shows that antibodies to RAJI in RA serum may not be specific for EB virus infected cells and there is no difference in the incidence of EB antibodies between RA and normal individuals.This result fails to support the notion that there is an aetiological relationship between the virus and RA.
Belsen Camp
Authors: W. R. F. Collis
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Recombinant human IL-15 (rhIL-15) is one of the most promising cytokines for antitumor immunotherapy. In physiology IL-15 <i>trans</i>-presentation by accessory cells leads to pleiotropic activities, including activation of immune cells, such as NK cells. NK cells are largely involved in Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by therapeutic mAbs, such as rituximab, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Nevertheless, in CLL, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is relatively impaired by the low E:T ratio (NK/B leukemic cells). Thus, any strategy leading to an increase in NK cell number and activation status can offer new strategies for CLL treatment. To this end, we evaluated the effect of rhIL-15 on autologous NK cell stimulation in CLL samples. We show that rhIL-15 induces NK cell activation and proliferation, leading to improved B leukemic cell depletion. This phenomenon is significantly increased in the presence of anti-CD20 mAbs. In addition, the greater effect of obinutuzumab versus rituximab suggests a cooperative role between rhIL-15 signaling and CD16 signaling in the induction of NK cell proliferation. Moreover, rhIL-15–induced proliferation of autologous NK cells is strictly dependent on their interaction with B leukemic cells, identified in this study as new accessory cells for rhIL-15 <i>trans</i>-presentation. Thus, rhIL-15 is able to promote NK cell–based activity in Ab immunotherapy of CLL.
New Dermatosis
Authors: H. Fuld
Journal: BMJ (1965)

tracheostomy for diphtheria, and I had also a needle in my case, so after waiting a few minutes to make quite sure the mother was dead and the baby alive I extracted a living boy, left the placenta in situ, and stitched up the wounds of the bloodless battle.I'm afraid I did not ask the husband's consent.We were very autocratic in those days, and in any case the poor man, the father already of eight or nine children, was too distraught and full of guilt that his philoprogenitiveness had caused his wife's condition to be in a fit state to say yea or nay and not perhaps regret it later.Fortunately the baby was taken care of and adopted by relations.