tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Virological breakthrough after immune checkpoint inhibitor and nucleos(t)ide analog treatment in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen positive hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-world study
Authors: Kunyuan Wang, Ying Xia, Yun Zhu, Wenxuan Yu, Yabing Guo, Li Liu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to be a promising and effective treatment for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is a lack of evidence-based data demonstrating the impact of ICIs on HBV DNA level in HBV-HCC patients undergoing nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) therapy and of HBV DNA variation on patient survival. In this study, we aimed to investigate this issue in the real world. Methods In this single-center retrospective study, we reviewed 182 baseline hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive HBV-HCC patients who were treated with ICIs and pre-emptive NAs. The demographic characteristics, tumor status, treatments, HBV DNA, HBsAg, liver function, antitumor response, and patient survival were investigated. The primary endpoints were the virological breakthrough (VB) rate, HBV reactivation (HBVr) rate, and long-term HBV DNA control; the secondary endpoints were the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results (1) VB and HBVr occurred in 18.1% (33/182) and 4.4% (8/182) of patients with a median occurrence time of 3.9 months (range, 0.7–16.0) and 8.0 months (range, 3.0–16.0), respectively. The HBV DNA negative rates were 26.1% and 0 at 24 and 48 weeks in the VB group and 12.5% and 0 in the HBVr group, respectively. A baseline HBsAg level ≥200 IU/mL was the only risk factor for VB (OR 9.9, 95% CI 2.2 to 45.2, p=0.003); (2) patients with VB had much shorter median OS and median PFS than those without (12.3 months vs 18.1 months, p=0.035; 4.5 months vs 7.5 months, p=0.011). Conclusions There was a high risk of VB and a moderate risk of HBVr in HBsAg-positive HBV-HCC patients (with poor long-term HBV DNA control) undergoing ICI and pre-emptive NA therapies. The only risk factor for VB was the pretreatment HBsAg level. Further, VB might be considered as a clinical biomarker predicting inferior OS and PFS in the patients.
Iatrogenic Delivery for Suspected Fetal Growth Restriction and Childhood School Outcomes
Authors: Niel F. Miele
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
279 ILT3 blockade reduces tumor blast cells in acute myeloid leukemia PBMC and inhibits tumor cell growth in a humanized AML tumor model
Authors: Alan Byford, Yujie Qu, Haiyan Xu, Gain Robinson, Latika Singh, Eric Muise, Elaine Pinheiro, Mei Chen, Lily Moy, Stephen Alves, Jie Zhang-Hoover
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3), an immune-inhibitory receptor expressed on myeloid cells, is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with monocytic differentiation (M4 and M5 subtypes) and clinically is negatively correlated with overall survival. We examined the effects of a highly selective and potent chimeric anti-ILT3 mAb (c52B8) on tumor cell survival/growth and human immune cell modulation in AML PBMC and AML tumor cell lines in pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo models. Methods ILT3 mRNA and cell surface expression levels were measured by RNAseq and FACS, respectively. PBMC from AML patients with different levels of ILT3 cell surface expression were treated with c52B8 in vitro.A systemic AML model was generated by IV inoculation of NSG mice with luciferase-transfected MV-4-11 human AML cells, with or without human PBMC engraftment. Tumor bearing mice were treated weekly with c52B8, modified to contain the human Fc of either the IgG1 or IgG4 subclass. MV-4-11 growth in vivo was measured by bioluminescence imaging (BLI).CyTOF was performed to phenotype AML PBMC in in vitro culture and bone marrow samples from the systemic MV-4-11 model after the treatment.THP-1 cells/human T cell co-cultures stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies were treated with c52B8. Human T cell activity was assessed by levels of IFNγ production in the culture using MSD ELISA. Results In ILT3 high AML patient PBMC, c52B8 treatment in vitro decreased the frequency of tumor blasts, modulated Tregs, and increased monocytic myeloid cells. In the MV-4-11 model, weekly treatment with c52B8 significantly reduced tumor burden in vivo, regardless of the IgG subclass. Importantly, tumor cell growth inhibition by c52B8 occurred in the absence of human PBMC. Additional post-mortem CyTOF analysis of bone marrow cells from MV-4-11/human PBMC inoculated mice confirmed a reduction in MV-4-11 cells, identified by CD3-CD19- human myeloid cells following c52B8 treatment. In THP-1/human T cell co-cultures, c52B8 treatment reversed THP-1 induced T cell suppression, as measured by enhanced IFNγ production. Conclusions Anti-ILT3 mAb (c52B8) is efficacious in blocking progression of AML with monocytic differentiation by directly influencing tumor cell growth and enhancing human T cell activity in pre-clinical models. These studies support a potential role for this compound in humans. Ethics Approval All animal work was reviewed and approved by Merck IACUC before experiments were conducted.
Concomitant Tricuspid Repair in Patients with Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: James S. Gammie, Michael W.A. Chu, Volkmar Falk, Jessica R. Overbey, Alan J. Moskowitz, Marc Gillinov, Michael J. Mack, Pierre Voisine, Markus Krane, Babatunde Yerokun, Michael E. Bowdish, Lenard Conradi, Steven F. Bolling, Marissa A. Miller, Wendy C. Taddei-Peters, Neal O. Jeffries, Michael K. Parides, Richard Weisel, Mariell Jessup, Eric A. Rose, John C. Mullen, Samantha Raymond, Ellen G. Moquete, Karen O’Sullivan, Mary E. Marks, Alexander Iribarne, Friedhelm Beyersdorf, Michael A. Borger, Arnar Geirsson, Emilia Bagiella, Judy Hung, Annetine C. Gelijns, Patrick T. O’Gara, Gorav Ailawadi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Tricuspid regurgitation is common in patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation. However, the evidence base is insufficient to inform a decision about whether to perform tricuspid-valve repair during mitral-valve surgery in patients who have moderate tricuspid regurgitation or less-than-moderate regurgitation with annular dilatation. We randomly assigned 401 patients who were undergoing mitral-valve surgery for degenerative mitral regurgitation to receive a procedure with or without tricuspid annuloplasty (TA). The primary 2-year end point was a composite of reoperation for tricuspid regurgitation, progression of tricuspid regurgitation by two grades from baseline or the presence of severe tricuspid regurgitation, or death. Patients who underwent mitral-valve surgery plus TA had fewer primary-end-point events than those who underwent mitral-valve surgery alone (3.9% vs. 10.2%) (relative risk, 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16 to 0.86; P = 0.02). Two-year mortality was 3.2% in the surgery-plus-TA group and 4.5% in the surgery-alone group (relative risk, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.25 to 1.88). The 2-year prevalence of progression of tricuspid regurgitation was lower in the surgery-plus-TA group than in the surgery-alone group (0.6% vs. 6.1%; relative risk, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.69). The frequencies of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, functional status, and quality of life were similar in the two groups at 2 years, although the incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation was higher in the surgery-plus-TA group than in the surgery-alone group (14.1% vs. 2.5%; rate ratio, 5.75; 95% CI, 2.27 to 14.60). Among patients undergoing mitral-valve surgery, those who also received TA had a lower incidence of a primary-end-point event than those who underwent mitral-valve surgery alone at 2 years, a reduction that was driven by less frequent progression to severe tricuspid regurgitation. Tricuspid repair resulted in more frequent permanent pacemaker implantation. Whether reduced progression of tricuspid regurgitation results in long-term clinical benefit can be determined only with longer follow-up. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02675244.).
For Better or for Worse: COVID-19 Vaccination during or Early after (Immuno-) Chemotherapy or Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation
Authors: Sabine Haggenburg, Birgit I. Lissenberg-Witte, Robert S. Van Binnendijk, Gerco Den Hartog, Bhoekhan S. Michel, Nienke J.E. Haverkate, Dennis M. De Rooij, Annoek E.C. Broers, Pim G.N.J. Mutsaers, Tom Van Meerten, Jaap van Doesum, Arnon P. Kater, Sonja Zweegman, Marit J. Van Gils, Bram Goorhuis, Caroline E. Rutten, Mette D. Hazenberg, Inger S. Nijhof
Journal: Blood (2021)
CFTR in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone and remodeling
Authors: Christoph Tabeling, Martin Witzenrath, Wolfgang M. Kuebler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>Dual role of CFTR in the regulation of vascular tone: in smooth muscle cells, CFTR may, depending on the transported anion or alternative CFTR functions, promote both contraction and relaxation</b>https://bit.ly/3EYZmLc
Fc-comprising scDb-based trivalent, bispecific T-cell engagers for selective killing of HER3-expressing cancer cells independent of cytokine release
Authors: Nadine Aschmoneit, Lennart Kühl, Oliver Seifert, Roland E Kontermann
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Bispecific T-cell engagers are an established therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies but face several challenges when it comes to their application for the treatment of solid tumors, including on-target off-tumor adverse events. Employing an avidity-mediated specificity gain by introducing an additional binding moiety for the tumor-associated antigen can be achieved using formats with a 2+1 stoichiometry.Besides biochemical characterization and validation of target cell binding to cancer cells with different HER3 expression, we used in vitro co-culture assays with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HER3-expressing target cells to determine T-cell activation, T-cell proliferation and PBMC-mediated cancer cell lysis of HER3-positive cell lines by the trivalent, bispecific antibodies.In this study, we developed trivalent, bispecific antibodies comprising a silenced Fc region for T-cell retargeting to HER3-expressing tumor cells, combining a bivalent single-chain diabody (scDb) fused to a first heterodimerizing Fc chain with either an Fab or scFv fused to a second heterodimerizing Fc chain. All these HER3-targeting T-cell engagers comprising two binding sites for HER3 and one binding site for CD3 mediated target cell killing. However, format and orientation of binding sites influenced efficacy of target cell binding, target cell-dependent T-cell activation and T-cell-mediated target cell killing. Beneficial effects were seen when the CD3 binding site was located in the scDb moiety. These molecules showed efficient killing of medium HER3-expressing cancer cells with very low induction of cytokine release, while sparing target cells with low or undetectable HER3 expression.Our study demonstrates that these trivalent, bispecific antibodies represent formats with superior interdomain spacing resulting in efficient target cell killing and a potential advantageous safety profile due to very low cytokine release.
Inhibitors of Bcl-2 and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase synergize to abrogate diffuse large B-cell lymphoma growth in vitro and in orthotopic xenotransplantation models
Authors: Katrin Bertram, Peter John Leary, Christophe Boudesco, Jonas Fullin, Kristin Stirm, Vineet Dalal, Thorsten Zenz, Alexandar Tzankov, Anne Müller
Journal: Leukemia (2021)

Abstract Numerous targeted therapies have been developed for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but the results of late-stage clinical trials were mostly disappointing and have led to very few new regulatory approvals. Here, we use single and combinatorial drug response profiling to show that the combined inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and of the tyrosine kinase BTK with the small molecules venetoclax and ibrutinib efficiently kills DLBCL cells in vitro. High Bcl-2 expression due to either BCL2 amplifications or translocations, in conjunction with chronic active BCR signaling accurately predict responses to dual Bcl-2/BTK inhibition. Orthotopic xenotransplantation and patient-derived xenograft models confirm that the combinatorial is superior to single-agent treatment in reducing the lymphoma burden. Combinatorial treatment further efficiently overcomes both primary and acquired resistance to venetoclax, which we could link to reduced expression of the Bcl-2 family members Bcl-X L and Bcl-2A1 under ibrutinib. We found in a Swiss DLBCL cohort that ~15% of patients are projected to respond to the venetoclax/ibrutinib combination based on their high Bcl-2 expression and nuclear NF-κB localization. Our data show that drug sensitivities exposed by drug response profiling can be attributed to specific mutational signatures and immunohistochemical biomarkers, and point to combined Bcl-2/BTK inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy in DLBCL.
Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Bone Marrow of Untreated Aplastic Anemia Patients Preserve Their Ability to Support Hematopoietic Precursors However Display the Pronounced Changes in Gene Expression
Authors: Alena I. Dorofeeva, Irina N. Shipounova, Nina J. Drize, Anton V. Luchkin, Zalina T. Fidarova, Elena A. Mikhaylova
Journal: Blood (2021)
Results of an International, Multi-Centre, Retrospective Study to Describe Treatment Pathways, Outcomes and Resource Use in Patients with Multiple Myeloma in Emerging Markets (INTEGRATE)
Authors: Kihyun Kim, Natalia Paola Schutz, Su-Peng Yeh, Estelle Verburgh, Fahad Alsharif, Wenming Chen, Tatiana Mitina, Wee-Joo Chng, Cathy Wu, Hui Wan, Zhongwen Huang, Meral Beksac
Journal: Blood (2021)
Evaluation of the Relationship between Clonal Hematopoiesis and Severe COVID-19 Disease in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Taehoon Shin, Yifan Zhou, So Gun Hong, John-Paul Todd, Shayne Andrew, Barbara Flynn, Matthew Gagne, Ian Moore, Anthony Cook, Mark Lewis, Kathryn Foulds, Robert Seder, Daniel Douek, Mario Roederer, Cynthia E. Dunbar
Journal: Blood (2021)
New perspectives on cytoskeletal dysregulation and mitochondrial mislocalization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Frances Theunissen, Phillip K. West, Samuel Brennan, Bojan Petrović, Kosar Hooshmand, P. Anthony Akkari, Matt Keon, Boris Guennewig
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2021)

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective, early degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Motor neurons have long axonal projections, which rely on the integrity of neuronal cytoskeleton and mitochondria to regulate energy requirements for maintaining axonal stability, anterograde and retrograde transport, and signaling between neurons. The formation of protein aggregates which contain cytoskeletal proteins, and mitochondrial dysfunction both have devastating effects on the function of neurons and are shared pathological features across several neurodegenerative conditions, including ALS, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington’s disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that cytoskeletal integrity and mitochondrial function are intricately linked. Therefore, dysregulations of the cytoskeletal network and mitochondrial homeostasis and localization, may be common pathways in the initial steps of neurodegeneration. Here we review and discuss known contributors, including variants in genetic loci and aberrant protein activities, which modify cytoskeletal integrity, axonal transport and mitochondrial localization in ALS and have overlapping features with other neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we explore some emerging pathways that may contribute to this disruption in ALS.
Abstract 14118: New Heart Transplant Allocation Tier System and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Andrew Pistner, Jason Smith, Timothy Hess, David Pham, Aurangzeb Baber, Amy Fiedler, Farhan Raza, David Murray, Ravi Dhingra
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) recently implemented a heart allocation system that prioritizes patients with temporary mechanical circulatory support devices and life-thr...
A Study on Preclinical Efficacy, Underlying Mechanisms, and Sensitivity Markers of a Novel Hypomethylating Agent Ntx-301 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Byungho Lim, Dabin Yoo, Kyung-jin Cho, Daeun Choi, Myoung Eun Jung, Doo Young Jung, Jin Soo Lee, Younghwa Chun, Areum Go, Ha Young Lee, Gildon Choi
Journal: Blood (2021)
Innate Immunity and Cancer Pathophysiology
Authors: Laura Maiorino, Juliane Daßler-Plenker, Lijuan Sun, Mikala Egeblad
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2021)

Chronic inflammation increases the risk of several cancers, including gastric, colon, and hepatic cancers. Conversely, tumors, similar to tissue injury, trigger an inflammatory response coordinated by the innate immune system. Cellular and molecular mediators of inflammation modulate tumor growth directly and by influencing the adaptive immune response. Depending on the balance of immune cell types and signals within the tumor microenvironment, inflammation can support or restrain the tumor. Adding to the complexity, research from the past two decades has revealed that innate immune cells are highly heterogeneous and plastic, with variable phenotypes depending on tumor type, stage, and treatment. The field is now on the cusp of being able to harness this wealth of data to (
The first Case of Circulatory Arrest in deep Hypothermia in Cardiac Surgery in Mali
Authors: Modibo Doumbia, Baba Ibrahima Diarra, Thierry Langanay, Bréhima Coulibaly, Asmaou keita, Mahamadoun Coulibaly, Siriman Koita, Sanoussy Daffe, Mamadou K Toure, Seydina Alioune Beye, Erwan Flecher, Mamadou B Diarra
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2020)

The authors report the case of circulatory arrest in deep hypothermia during the closure of an arterial duct associated with significant mitral insufficiency for mitral replacement in an underdeveloped country such as Mali. This circulatory arrest technique used in major European and American heart surgery centers for the management of complex heart disease. It constitutes a real challenge for us to report the first case of circulatory arrest in the management of the persistent arterial canal associated with mitral insufficiency including simple operative consequences.
Influence of Treatment Facility Type and Annual Patient Volume on Overall Survival in Patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A National Cancer Database Analysis
Authors: Xavier Andrade-Gonzalez, Anuhya Kommalapati, Allison M. Bock, Jacqueline Wang, Antoine Saliba, Javier Munoz, David J. Inwards, Jonas Paludo, Thomas M. Habermann, Grzegorz S. Nowakowski, Yucai Wang
Journal: Blood (2021)
Gene expression changes related to bone mineralization, blood pressure and lipid metabolism in mouse kidneys after space travel
Authors: Norio Suzuki, Yuma Iwamura, Taku Nakai, Koichiro Kato, Akihito Otsuki, Akira Uruno, Daisuke Saigusa, Keiko Taguchi, Mikiko Suzuki, Ritsuko Shimizu, Akane Yumoto, Risa Okada, Masaki Shirakawa, Dai Shiba, Satoru Takahashi, Takafumi Suzuki, Masayuki Yamamoto
Journal: Kidney International (2021)
Surgical Staplers to Undergo More Stringent Review for Safety Reasons
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re-emergence of enterovirus D68 in Europe after easing the COVID-19 lockdown, September 2021
Authors: Kimberley SM Benschop, Jan Albert, Andres Anton, Cristina Andrés, Maitane Aranzamendi, Brynja Armannsdóttir, Jean-Luc Bailly, Fausto Baldanti, Guðrún Erna Baldvinsdóttir, Stuart Beard, Natasa Berginc, Sindy Böttcher, Soile Blomqvist, Laura Bubba, Cristina Calvo, Maria Cabrerizo, Annalisa Cavallero, Cristina Celma, Ferruccio Ceriotti, Inês Costa, Simon Cottrell, Margarita del Cuerpo, Jonathan Dean, Jennifer L Dembinski, Sabine Diedrich, Javier Diez-Domingo, DagnyHaug Dorenberg, Erwin Duizer, Robert Dyrdak, Diana Fanti, Agnes Farkas, Susan Feeney, Jacky Flipse, Cillian De Gascun, Cristina Galli, Irina Georgieva, Laura Gifford, Raquel Guiomar, Mario Hönemann, Niina Ikonen, Marion Jeannoël, Laurence Josset, Kathrin Keeren, F Xavier López-Labrador, Melanie Maier, James McKenna, Adam Meijer, Beatriz Mengual-Chuliá, Sofie E Midgley, Audrey Mirand, Milagrosa Montes, Catherine Moore, Ursula Morley, Jean-Luc Murk, Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb, Sanela Numanovic, Massimo Oggioni, Paula Palminha, Elena Pariani, Laura Pellegrinelli, Antonio Piralla, Corinna Pietsch, Luis Piñeiro, Núria Rabella, Petra Rainetova, Sara Colonia Uceda Renteria, María P Romero, Marijke Reynders, Lieuwe Roorda, Carita Savolainen-Kopra, Isabelle Schuffenecker, Aysa Soynova, Caroline MA Swanink, Tina Ursic, Jaco J Verweij, Jorgina Vila, Tytti Vuorinen, Peter Simmonds, Thea K Fischer, Heli Harvala
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2021)

We report a rapid increase in enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections, with 139 cases reported from eight European countries between 31 July and 14 October 2021. This upsurge is in line with the seasonality of EV-D68 and was presumably stimulated by the widespread reopening after COVID-19 lockdown. Most cases were identified in September, but more are to be expected in the coming months. Reinforcement of clinical awareness, diagnostic capacities and surveillance of EV-D68 is urgently needed in Europe.