tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Author Index
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Hellmuth Freyberger, Harald-J. Freyberger, Julian Iancu, Moshe Kotler, Baruch Spivak, Margaret Radwan, Avraham Weizman, K. Lovell, I.M. Marks, H. Noshirvani, G. O'Sullivan, Mark A. Lumley, Karen Downey, Laurence Stettner, Francine Wehmer, Ovide F. Pomerleau, Per Høglend, Oscar Heyerdahl, Thomas Middelboe, Lars Ovesen, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Per Bech, M. Ercolani, G. Trombini, R. Chattat, C. Cervini, G. Piergiacomi, F. Salaffi, S. Zeni, R. Marcolongo, Lluisa Garcia, Manuel Valdés, Inmaculada Jódar, Nadine Riesco, Tomás de Flores, Giulia Perini, Michele Zara, Roberto Cipriani, Christian Carraro, Antonio Preti, Franco Gava, Paola Coghi, Andrea Peserico, O. Todarello, A. Casamassima, M. Marinaccio, M.W. La Pesa, L. Caradonna, L. Valentino, L. Marinaccio, Vanja Blomkvist, Töres Theorell, Hans Jonsson, Sam Schulman, Erik Berntorp, Lennart Stiegendal, Joel A. Pava, Maurizio Fava, Janet A. Levenson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)
在出生后第一年诊断特应性皮炎
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Abstract Linked Article: Endre et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:50–58. 特应性皮炎是一种常见的皮肤病, 通常始发于出生后第一年。然而, 即使在使用明确的诊断标准时, 该疾病也可能难以在婴儿期诊断。特应性皮炎也称为特应性湿疹。这两个术语在日常临床实践中经常互换使用, 尽管单独使用的“湿疹”通常被认为是一个更普遍的术语。在儿童中, 与湿疹诊断相比, 特应性皮炎的诊断被认为意味着更糟糕的结果。 在本研究中, 我们报告了挪威和瑞典 1800 多名婴儿在 3、6 和 12 月龄时出现湿疹, 以及其中有多少例满足两项广泛使用的特应性皮炎诊断标准, 即英国工作组标准以及 Hanifin &amp; Rajka 标准。 大约三分之一的婴儿在某些时间点有湿疹。然而, 这些婴儿中只有大约三分之一符合特应性皮炎的两组诊断标准之一。在 3 个月时已经有湿疹的患者和在多次访视时有湿疹的患者最有可能满足标准。在 12 个月时, 根据 Hanifin &amp; Rajka 标准诊断患有特应性皮炎的婴儿多于英国工作组标准。 我们发现, 特应性皮炎的诊断在婴儿期很难确诊。在诊断婴儿特应性皮炎时, 我们建议重复检查, 并使用两组诊断标准。这种方法可能与研究有关, 但在繁忙的临床实践中可能不太相关。婴儿湿疹这个术语可能更适合使用, 直到特应性皮炎的特征在婴儿期后变得更清楚。 Linked Article: Endre et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:50–58.
TCTAP A-132 Impact of Periprocedural Glycoprotein IIbIIIa Receptor Inhibitors on TIMI Flow and 1 Month Major Clinical Outcomes Following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Akkala Raghavender Goud, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Yoonjee Park, Hu Li, Sunki Lee, Ji Bak Kim, Sung Il Im, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
TCT-475 Two-stent Strategies for Coronary Bifurcation Lesions: Main Vessel First Versus Side Branch First
Authors: Taek Kyu Park, Jong-Hwa Ahn, Young Bin Song, Woo Jung Chun, Joo-Yong Hahn, Jeong Hoon Yang, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Jin-Ho Choi, Sang Hoon Lee, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Authors’ Reply
Authors: Didier Collard, Lennart van de Velde, Liffert Vogt, Bert-Jan H. van den Born
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Steiner[1][1] poses an interesting question related to the interpretation of eGFR. In our study, eGFR, on the basis of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula, was primarily used to exclude patients at increased risk for contrast nephropathy. The main goal of the regression
Covid-19: Quebec to tax the unvaccinated as vaccine mandates spread in Europe
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Quebec's plan to charge adults not vaccinated against coronavirus a "health contribution" fee will go ahead, the province's premier François Legault said on 13 January, despite getting a cool reception from the Canadian federal government and the leaders of other provinces, several of whom said they would not be copying the idea.
CDC Voice Information System
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of metabolic–bariatric surgery with long-term survival in adults with and without diabetes: a one-stage meta-analysis of matched cohort and prospective controlled studies with 174 772 participants
Authors: Nicholas L Syn, David E Cummings, Louis Z Wang, Daryl J Lin, Joseph J Zhao, Marie Loh, Zong Jie Koh, Claire Alexandra Chew, Ying Ern Loo, Bee Choo Tai, Guowei Kim, Jimmy Bok-Yan So, Lee M Kaplan, John B Dixon, Asim Shabbir
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
PRAGUE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thumb-sucking and the teeth.
Journal: BMJ (1965)

A. Pitt-Steele makes out a convincing case against thumb-sucking, but before those of us who have hitherto concurred with Dr. Apley will be prepared to sacrifice the infant's pleasure to the adolescent's pride it would be helpful if he would provide chapter and verse for his assertions.No doubt the truth is available in the orthodontic litera- ture, but paediatricians cannot all be poly- maths, and those with responsibility for teach- ing must be able to judge the evidence for themselves.
Effect of the structure of ginsenosides on the in vivo fate of their liposomes
Authors: Chen Chen, Jiaxuan Xia, Hongwei Ren, Anni Wang, Ying Zhu, Ru Zhang, Zicheng Gan, Jianxin Wang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2022)

To utilize the multiple functions and give full play of ginsenosides, a variety of ginsenosides with different structures were prepared into liposomes and evaluated for their effect on the stability, pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting capability of liposomes. The results showed that the position and number of glycosyl groups of ginsenosides have significant effect on the in vitro and in vivo properties of their liposomes. The pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides liposomes indicated that the C-3 sugar group of ginsenosides is beneficial to their liposomes for longer circulation in vivo. The C-3 and C-6 glycosyls can enhance the uptake of their liposomes by 4T1 cells, and the glycosyls at C-3 position can enhance the tumor active targeting ability significantly, based on the specific binding capacity to Glut 1 expressed on the surface of 4T1 cells. According to the results in the study, ginsenoside Rg3 and ginsenoside Rh2 are potential for exploiting novel liposomes because of their cholesterol substitution, long blood circulation and tumor targeting capabilities. The results provide a theoretical basis for further development of ginsenoside based liposome delivery systems.
Estimating COVID-19 Infections, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Following the US Vaccination Campaigns During the Pandemic
Authors: Thomas N. Vilches, Seyed M. Moghadas, Pratha Sah, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Affan Shoukat, Abhishek Pandey, Alison P. Galvani
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

However, the population-level effectiveness of the vaccination campaign in the US, in terms of association with reduced infections, hospitalizations, and deaths, is not as well documented, and we evaluated this using a simulation model. Methods This decision analytic model adheres to Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation ReportingStandards (CHEERS) reporting guideline.The institutional review of this study was waived by York University for the use of publicly available, deidentified data of the COVID-19 infections, deaths, and vaccination.Informed consent was not required to access the data.We expanded our previous agent-based model 4 to include transmission dynamics of the Alpha (B.1.1.7),Gamma (P.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants in addition to the original strain (eMethods in the Supplement).The model was parameterized with the US demographics and age-specific risks of severe COVID-19 outcomes (eTable 1 and eTable 2 in the Supplement). 5A 2-dose vaccination strategy was implemented based on the daily vaccines administered in different age groups. 6Vaccine efficacies against infection, symptomatic disease and severe disease after each dose and for each variant were derived from published estimates (eTable 3 in the Supplement).The model was calibrated and fitted to reported national level incidence from October 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021 (eMethods in the Supplement).We simulated pandemic trajectory under 2 counterfactuals: a no vaccination scenario and a program that achieved only half the daily vaccination rate of actual rollout.For each scenario, cumulative infections, hospitalizations, and deaths were compared with the simulated trends under the US vaccination program.Credible intervals (CrIs) were generated from simulation outputs using the bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap method (with 500 replications) in June 2021.The model was implemented in Julia Language Programming, version 1.6 (Julia), and outputs were analyzed in MATLAB, version 2017a (MathWorks).No significance tests were performed for this simulation study. ResultsCompared with the no vaccination scenario, the actual vaccination campaign saved an estimated 240 797 (95% CrI, 200 665-281 230) lives and prevented an estimated 1 133 617 (95% CrI, 967 487-1 301 881) hospitalizations from December 12, 2020, to June 30, 2021.The number of cases averted
The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Luting Poh, Wei Liang Sim, Dong-Gyu Jo, Quynh Nhu Dinh, Grant R. Drummond, Christopher G. Sobey, Christopher Li-Hsian Chen, Mitchell K. P. Lai, David Y. Fann, Thiruma V. Arumugam
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2022)

There is an increasing prevalence of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) worldwide, and several studies have suggested that Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) plays a critical role in disease onset and progression. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of VCI, especially in relation to CCH. Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor in the progression of VCI as increased systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been extensively reported in VCI patients. Recently it has been established that CCH can activate the inflammasome signaling pathways, involving NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes that critically regulate IL-1β production. Given that neuroinflammation is an early event in VCI, it is important that we understand its molecular and cellular mechanisms to enable development of disease-modifying treatments to reduce the structural brain damage and cognitive deficits that are observed clinically in the elderly. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CCH-induced inflammasome signaling in VCI.
Contractile reserve by echocardiography is a better predictor of cardiovascular mortality than nuclear viability by SPECT perfusion imaging Binoy K. Singh, J. Mahenthiran, Varinder P. Singh, Igor Izrailtyan, Ehtasham Qureshi, Elmo Acio, Farooq A. Chaudhry. Columbia University St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Ingested carbohydrates and blood glucose in diabetics
Authors: Thomas M. Flood
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An otherwise excellent recent<i>JAMA</i>article on the treatment of insulin reactions<sup>1</sup>contains one glaring overstatement that merits correction. The authors reference an article by Paz-Guevara et al,<sup>2</sup>who reviewed the complications of insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in patients treated at the Joslin Clinic. Dr Brodows and colleagues comment, "Since the introduction of insulin in 1922, hypoglycemia has accounted for 2.8% of patient deaths at that institution." The article in question says nothing of the kind. It reports 782 "juvenile diabetics" diagnosed before Dec 31, 1927. From this group of patients with IDDM diagnosed prior to or within the first five years of available insulin therapy, there were 457 deaths. Of the 249 deaths in the postinsulin era, seven (2.8%) were reported to be caused by hypoglycemia. One cannot extrapolate from the experience of this group of IDDM patients treated in the early days of insulin
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Skin Reaction Predicts Enhanced Mycobacteria-Specific T-Cell Responses in Infants: A<i>Post Hoc</i>Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Laure F. Pittet, Nora Fritschi, Marc Tebruegge, Binita Dutta, Susan Donath, Nicole L. Messina, Dan Casalaz, Willem A. Hanekom, Warwick J. Britton, Roy Robins-Browne, Nigel Curtis, Nicole Ritz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Rationale: Scar formation following bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has been associated with lower all-cause mortality; the relation between scar and mycobacteria-specific protection against tuberculosis is debated. Objectives: To evaluate the association between BCG skin reaction and mycobacteria-specific immune responses. Methods: A post hoc analysis was done among 214 infants in Australia randomized to vaccination with one of three BCG vaccine strains (BCG-Denmark, BCG-Japan, or BCG-Russia) given at birth or BCG-Denmark given at 2 months of age. Measurements and Main Results: BCG skin reaction size and characteristics 10 weeks after vaccination were related to the in vitro mycobacteria-specific immune responses measured in stimulated whole blood. The size and characteristics of the skin reaction correlated positively with in vitro immune responses, even after adjusting for BCG vaccine strain and age at vaccination. Specifically, the reaction size and characteristics correlated with the proportion of mycobacteria-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells after stimulation with BCG and PPD and, to a lesser extent, after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium ulcerans. A similar correlation was observed with concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor, and IL-13 in the supernatant after stimulation with BCG, PPD, and M. tuberculosis and to some degree for the proportions of mycobacteria-specific polyfunctional CD8+ T cells and CD107+ cytotoxic cells. Conclusions: BCG skin reaction correlated with the magnitude of mycobacteria-specific T-cell responses. As T-cell responses play a key role in defense against mycobacteria, the relationship between BCG scar formation and protection against tuberculosis should be revisited. This may also extend to the need for BCG revaccination in scar-negative individuals.Clinical trial registered with www.australianclinicaltrials.gov.au/clinical-trial-registries (ACTRN12608000227392).
Lipid and neutrophil accumulation and active inflammasome in high BMI tumor regions of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Ahmed Khattab, Sunita Patruni, Yesica Garciafigueroa, Brett Phillips, Carl Engman, Nazia Khatoon, Karthik Shankar, Ali Rizvi, Stacey Miller, Lei Zheng, Nick Giannoukakis, Dulabh K. Monga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

e16271 Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for cancer and cancer-related mortality. Adipocytes may act as a “damage” signal resulting in the accumulation of innate immune cells, fueling an inflammatory micro-environment. Among the innate immune cells, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) are confirmed to accumulate inside the tumor. As obesity is a significant risk factor for a poorer prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we hypothesize that obesity-driven adipose fuels the progression of PDAC in a TAN and inflammasome-facilitated manner. This may happen through several mechanisms, including genomic instability of aggressive PDAC clonal populations. Methods: Tissue from resected tumors of PDAC patients (n = 44) with a body-mass index (BMI) &gt; 27 (obese [n = 21]) and BMI &lt; 22 (normal [n = 23]) were incubated with anti-human CD66b antibodies and detected using standard immunofluorescent microscopy techniques. Images were acquired in a Zeiss Axioplan microscope workstation and analyzed by ZEN and Metamorph software. Results: We identified the presence of adipocytes in all tissue sections and CD66b+ neutrophils in all tissue sections of normal BMI patients and in 81% of high BMI patients. There is a significantly greater density of adipocytes in the tumor environment when compared to adjacent normal areas, suggesting that these cells are acting as a damage signal. We have also shown that there are fewer total cells per area in the tumor region, suggesting a disorganization that may allow more adipose tissue to form in these areas of high BMI patients. Our novel data also shows that high BMI results in a significantly higher neutrophil count in tumor specific tissue when compared to patients with a low BMI. These data suggest an association between BMI and inflammasome accumulation in the tumor environment. Conclusions: Our data uniquely shows that CD66b+ neutrophils tend to accumulate inside PDAC in high BMI patients and this is associated with intra-tumoral active inflammasomes. The higher concentrations of these inflammasomes in higher BMI patients may be of mechanistic relevance in understanding how inflammation induces progression of PDAC. A larger cohort of tissues from PDAC obtained from low and high BMI individuals will be needed to test our hypothesis and to begin to decipher the role of obesity on inflammation and PDAC progression.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Baltimore
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>ERJ</i>Podcast April 2018: Observing dyspnoea in others
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

As part of the April issue, the European Respiratory Journal presents the latest in its series of podcasts. Chief editor Martin Kolb interviews Andreas von Leupoldt (University of Leuven, Belgium) and Thomas Similowski (Sorbonne Universités and Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Paris, France) about how observing dyspnoea in others elicits dyspnoea, negative affect and brain responses.
Metabolomic Biomarkers in Blood Samples Identify Cancers in a Mixed Population of Patients with Nonspecific Symptoms
Authors: James R. Larkin, Susan Anthony, Vanessa A. Johanssen, Tianrong Yeo, Megan Sealey, Abi G. Yates, Claire Friedemann Smith, Timothy D.W. Claridge, Brian D. Nicholson, Julie-Ann Moreland, Fergus Gleeson, Nicola R. Sibson, Daniel C. Anthony, Fay Probert
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Purpose: Early diagnosis of cancer is critical for improving patient outcomes, but cancers may be hard to diagnose if patients present with nonspecific signs and symptoms. We have previously shown that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics analysis can detect cancer in animal models and distinguish between differing metastatic disease burdens. Here, we hypothesized that biomarkers within the blood metabolome could identify cancers within a mixed population of patients referred from primary care with nonspecific symptoms, the so-called “low-risk, but not no-risk” patient group, as well as distinguishing between those with and without metastatic disease. Experimental Design: Patients (n = 304 comprising modeling, n = 192, and test, n = 92) were recruited from 2017 to 2018 from the Oxfordshire Suspected CANcer (SCAN) pathway, a multidisciplinary diagnostic center (MDC) referral pathway for patients with nonspecific signs and symptoms. Blood was collected and analyzed by NMR metabolomics. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminatory analysis (OPLS-DA) models separated patients, based upon diagnoses received from the MDC assessment, within 62 days of initial appointment. Results: Area under the ROC curve for identifying patients with solid tumors in the independent test set was 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72–0.95]. Maximum sensitivity and specificity were 94% (95% CI: 73–99) and 82% (95% CI: 75–87), respectively. We could also identify patients with metastatic disease in the cohort of patients with cancer with sensitivity and specificity of 94% (95% CI: 72–99) and 88% (95% CI: 53–98), respectively. Conclusions: For a mixed group of patients referred from primary care with nonspecific signs and symptoms, NMR-based metabolomics can assist their diagnosis, and may differentiate both those with malignancies and those with and without metastatic disease. See related commentary by Van Tine and Lyssiotis, p. 1477
Routine use of postcoital test does not raise pregnancy rate
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Routine protein energy supplementation may improve patient outcomesAlthough it is recognised that hospital patients are frequently undernourished, it is not clear if routine protein energy supplementation improves patient outcomes.On p 495 Potter et al report on a systematic review of the randomised controlled trials of routine protein energy supplementation by the oral or enteral route.Patients receiving supplements were more likely to show improvements in weight and anthropometry and were less likely to die.However, when the analysis was restricted to those trials clearly describing a good methodological design, the observed benefits were diminished.Although there may be significant and important health benefits from routine prescribing of protein energy supplementation, further large pragmatic trials are justified.