tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short term associations of ambient nitrogen dioxide with daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality: multilocation analysis in 398 cities
Authors: Xia Meng, Cong Liu, Renjie Chen, Francesco Sera, Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, Ai Milojevic, Yuming Guo, Shilu Tong, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Staglior Coelho, Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva, Eric Lavigne, Patricia Matus Correa, Nicolas Valdes Ortega, Samuel Osorio, None Garcia, Jan Kyselý, Aleš Urban, Hans Orru, Marek Maasikmets, Jouni J K Jaakkola, Niilo Ryti, Veronika Huber, Alexandra Schneider, Klea Katsouyanni, Antonis Analitis, Masahiro Hashizume, Yasushi Honda, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Baltazar Nunes, João Paulo Teixeira, Iulian Horia Holobaca, Simona Fratianni, Ho Kim, Aurelio Tobias, Carmen Íñiguez, Bertil Forsberg, Christofer Åström, Martina S Ragettli, Yue-Liang Leon Guo, Shih-Chun Pan, Shanshan Li, Michelle L Bell, Antonella Zanobetti, Joel Schwartz, Tangchun Wu, Antonio Gasparrini, Haidong Kan
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the short term associations between nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality across multiple countries/regions worldwide, using a uniform analytical protocol. Design Two stage, time series approach, with overdispersed generalised linear models and multilevel meta-analysis. Setting 398 cities in 22 low to high income countries/regions. Main outcome measures Daily deaths from total (62.8 million), cardiovascular (19.7 million), and respiratory (5.5 million) causes between 1973 and 2018. Results On average, a 10 μg/m 3 increase in NO 2 concentration on lag 1 day (previous day) was associated with 0.46% (95% confidence interval 0.36% to 0.57%), 0.37% (0.22% to 0.51%), and 0.47% (0.21% to 0.72%) increases in total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, respectively. These associations remained robust after adjusting for co-pollutants (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm or ≤2.5 μm (PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively), ozone, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide). The pooled concentration-response curves for all three causes were almost linear without discernible thresholds. The proportion of deaths attributable to NO 2 concentration above the counterfactual zero level was 1.23% (95% confidence interval 0.96% to 1.51%) across the 398 cities. Conclusions This multilocation study provides key evidence on the independent and linear associations between short term exposure to NO 2 and increased risk of total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, suggesting that health benefits would be achieved by tightening the guidelines and regulatory limits of NO 2 .
Quality of life in men and women with heart failure: association with outcome, and comparison between the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire and the EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaire
Authors: Alice Ravera, Bernadet T. Santema, Iziah E. Sama, Sven Meyer, Carlo M. Lombardi, Valentina Carubelli, João Pedro Ferreira, Chim C. Lang, Kenneth Dickstein, Stefan D. Anker, Nilesh J. Samani, Faiez Zannad, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, John R. Teerlink, Marco Metra, Adriaan A. Voors
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)

Abstract Aims We sought to analyse quality of life (QoL) measures derived from two questionnaires widely used in clinical trials, the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and the EuroQoL 5 dimensions (EQ‐5D), and to compare their prognostic value in men and women with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods and results From the BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT‐CHF) we compared KCCQ and EQ‐5D at baseline and after 9 months in 1276 men and 373 women with new‐onset or worsening symptoms of HFrEF, who were sub‐optimally treated and in whom there was an anticipated up‐titration of guideline‐derived medical therapies. Women had significantly worse baseline QoL (median) as compared with men, both when assessed with KCCQ overall score (KCCQ‐OS, 44 vs. 53, P &lt; 0.001) and EQ‐5D utility score (0.62 vs. 0.73, P &lt; 0.001). QoL improved equally in women and men at follow‐up. All summary measures of QoL were independently associated with all‐cause mortality, with KCCQ‐OS showing the most remarkable association with mortality up to 1 year compared to the EQ‐5D scores (C‐statistic 0.650 for KCCQ‐OS vs. 0.633 and 0.599 for EQ‐5D utility score and EQ‐5D visual analogue scale, respectively). QoL was associated with all outcomes analysed, both in men and women (all P for interaction with sex &gt;0.2). Conclusion Amongst patients with HFrEF, women reported significantly worse QoL than men. QoL was independently associated with subsequent outcome, similarly in men and women. The KCCQ in general, and the KCCQ‐OS in particular, showed the strongest independent association with outcome.
Natural killer T cell immunotherapy combined with oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus or reovirus treatments differentially increases survival in mouse models of ovarian and breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Simon Gebremeskel, Adam Nelson, Brynn Walker, Tora Oliphant, Lynnea Lobert, Douglas Mahoney, Brent Johnston
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background Oncolytic viruses reduce tumor burden in animal models and have generated promising results in clinical trials. However, it is likely that oncolytic viruses will be more effective when used in combination with other therapies. Current therapeutic approaches, including chemotherapeutics, come with dose-limiting toxicities. Another option is to combine oncolytic viruses with immunotherapeutic approaches. Methods Using experimental models of metastatic 4T1 breast cancer and ID8 ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis, we examined natural killer T (NKT) cell-based immunotherapy in combination with recombinant oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or reovirus. 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells or ID8 ovarian cancer cells were injected into syngeneic mice. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with VSV or reovirus followed by activation of NKT cells via the intravenous administration of autologous dendritic cells loaded with the glycolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide. The effects of VSV and reovirus on immunogenic cell death (ICD), cell viability and immunogenicity were tested in vitro. Results VSV or reovirus treatments followed by NKT cell activation mediated greater survival in the ID8 model than individual therapies. The regimen was less effective when the treatment order was reversed, delivering virus treatments after NKT cell activation. In the 4T1 model, VSV combined with NKT cell activation increased overall survival and decreased metastatic burden better than individual treatments. In contrast, reovirus was not effective on its own or in combination with NKT cell activation. In vitro, VSV killed a panel of tumor lines better than reovirus. VSV infection also elicited greater increases in mRNA transcripts for proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antigen presentation machinery compared with reovirus. Oncolytic VSV also induced the key hallmarks of ICD (calreticulin mobilization, plus release of ATP and HMGB1), while reovirus only mobilized calreticulin. Conclusion Taken together, these results demonstrate that oncolytic VSV and NKT cell immunotherapy can be effectively combined to decrease tumor burden in models of metastatic breast and ovarian cancers. Oncolytic VSV and reovirus induced differential responses in our models which may relate to differences in virus activity or tumor susceptibility.
Discovery of a potent FKBP38 agonist that ameliorates HFD-induced hyperlipidemia via mTOR/P70S6K/SREBPs pathway
Authors: Ping-Ting Xiao, Zhi-Shen Xie, Yu-Jia Kuang, Shi-Yu Liu, Chun Zeng, Ping Li, E-Hu Liu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) signaling promotes lipogenesis. However, mTOR inhibitors also displayed a significant side effect of hyperlipidemia. Thus, it is essential to develop mTOR-specific inhibitors to inhibit lipogenesis. Here, we screened the endogenous inhibitors of mTOR, and identified that FKBP38 as a vital regulator of lipid metabolism. FKBP38 decreased the lipid content in vitro and in vivo via suppression of the mTOR/P70S6K/SREBPs pathway. 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone (HMF), a citrus flavonoid, was found to target FKBP38 to suppress the mTOR/P70S6K/SREBPs pathway, reduce lipid level, and potently ameliorate hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Our findings suggest that pharmacological intervention by targeting FKBP38 to suppress mTOR/P70S6K/SREBPs pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy for hyperlipidemia, and HMF could be a leading compound for development of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs.
Comment on Tynjälä et al. Arterial Stiffness Predicts Mortality in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2266–2271
Authors: José-Miguel González-Clemente, Gemma Llauradó, Albert Cano, Olga Giménez-Palop, Eugenia Berlanga, Joan Vendrell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

Tynjala et al. (1) reported that an increase in augmentation index (AIx), a measure of arterial stiffness, is independently associated with all-cause mortality and a composite end point of cardiovascular and/or diabetes-related cause of death in a prospective cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). They concluded that AIx predicts both all-cause mortality and the composite end point of cardiovascular and/or diabetes-related death in T1D and suggested that it might be a useful tool for predicting cardiovascular risk in patients with T1D and, therefore, helpful to their clinical management. However, they did not attempt to build an AIx-based predictive model to produce a future risk estimate.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in T1D, and simple …
Mechanistic investigation of thermosensitive liposome immunogenicity and understanding the drivers for circulation half-life: A polyethylene glycol versus 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphodiglycerol study
Authors: Wouter J.M. Lokerse, Artur Lazarian, Alisa Kleinhempel, Matteo Petrini, Patricia Schwarz, Martin Hossann, Lesca M. Holdt, Volker Mailänder, Lars H. Lindner
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2021)
OA04.05 Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in HER2-Overexpressing Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Interim Results of DESTINY-Lung01
Authors: K. Nakagawa, M. Nagasaka, E. Felip, J. Pacheco, C. Baik, Y. Goto, A. Saltos, B. Li, H. Udagawa, S. Gadgeel, H. Murakami, D. Planchard, L. Bazhenova, L. Paz-Ares, M. Perol, J. Mazieres, F. Barlesi, K. Saxena, R. Shiga, S. Acharyya, Y. Cheng, J. Shahidi, P. Jänne, E. Smit
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
PS01.11 Nivolumab Versus Placebo in Relapsed Malignant Mesothelioma: The CONFIRM Phase 3 Trial
Authors: D. Fennell, C. Ottensmeier, R. Califano, G. Hanna, S. Ewings, K. Hill, S. Wilding, S. Danson, M. Nye, N. Steele, L. Johnson, J. Lord, C. Middleton, E. Marwood, P. Szlosarek, S. Chan, A. Gaba, L. Darlison, P. Wells-Jordan, C. Richards, C. Poile, J. Lester
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Retinoids induced differentiation and enhanced action of flavonoids for apoptosis in human malignant neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Arabinda Das, Naren Banik, Swapan Ray
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

5145  Neuroblastoma, which shows a complex clinical and biological heterogeneity, is a childhood tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. Although many other childhood malignancies are nowadays curable, malignant (N-type) neuroblastoma remains an enigma to both the basic scientists and clinicians as it is not yet amenable to current treatment modalities and the affected children usually die at pre-school age. Therefore, new and innovative therapeutic strategies must be devised for controlling this deadly childhood disease. Malignant growth of neuroblatoma is characterized by poor differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation of the immature neuroblasts in adrenal gland in most cases. Retinoids such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 13-cis retinoic acid (13-CRA), and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) at low doses are capable of inducing cell differentiation. Plant-derived flavonoids (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and genistein (GST) at relatively high doses can control cancer cell growth by induction of apoptosis. In this investigation, we used human N-type neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to show that treatment with a low dose of a retinoid (1 μM ATRA, 1 μM 13-CRA, or 0.5 μM 4-HPR) for 7 days induced neuronal differentiation with down regulation of telomerase activity and subsequent treatment with a relatively high dose of a flavonoid (25 μM EGCG or 25 μM GST) for 1 day sensitized the differentiated cells for enhancement of apoptosis. Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells was associated with an increase in intracellular free [Ca2+], as determined by fura-2 assay. Western blotting showed alterations in the levels of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins resulting in an increase in Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and upregulation of calpain and caspases in course of apoptosis. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated down regulation of the transcriptional expression (mRNA) of calpastatin (the endogenous inhibitor of calpain) and baculovirus inhibitor-of-apoptosis repeat containing (BIRC) proteins (the endogenous inhibitors of caspases) in apoptotic cells. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with EGCG activated caspase-8, indicating induction of the receptor-mediated pathway of apoptosis. Colorimetric assays using chromogenic synthetic peptide substrates confirmed involvement of different proteolytic mechanisms in apoptotic death. The results of this investigation suggested that retinoid induced neuronal differentiation with down regulation of telomerase activity and enhanced the action of flavonoid for apoptosis in malignant neuroblastoma cells. Therefore, combination of a retinoid and a flavonoid appears to be an effective therapeutic strategy for controlling the malignant growth of neuroblastoma cells. This investigation was supported in part by the R01 grants (CA-91460 and NS-57811) from the National Institutes of Heatlth (Bethesda, MD, USA).
Soft Tissue Reconstruction: Flexible Adipose‐Vascular Tissue Assembly Using Combinational 3D Printing for Volume‐Stable Soft Tissue Reconstruction (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 6/2021)
Authors: Won‐Woo Cho, Byoung Soo Kim, Minjun Ahn, Yeon Hee Ryu, Dong‐Heon Ha, Jeong Sik Kong, Jong‐Won Rhie, Dong‐Woo Cho
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

In article number 2001693 by Dong-Woo Cho and co-workers, the assembling of dual cell-laden tissue modules is proposed for engineering a volumetric and non-hypoxic soft tissue construct with the combination of planar and rotational 3D cell printing techniques. The engineered softtissue construct possessing flexibility, increased capillary formation, and the adipogenic effect is a potential platform for soft tissue reconstruction in the future.
Nuclear Receptor Coactivator NCOA3 Regulates UV Radiation–Induced DNA Damage and Melanoma Susceptibility
Authors: David de Semir, Vladimir Bezrookove, Mehdi Nosrati, Altaf A. Dar, James R. Miller, Stanley P. Leong, Kevin B. Kim, Wilson Liao, Liliana Soroceanu, Sean McAllister, Robert J. Debs, Dirk Schadendorf, Sancy A. Leachman, James E. Cleaver, Mohammed Kashani-Sabet
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Melanoma occurs as a consequence of inherited susceptibility to the disease and exposure to UV radiation (UVR) and is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation and a high mutational load. The precise mechanisms by which UVR contributes to the development of melanoma remain poorly understood. Here we show that activation of nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) promotes melanomagenesis through regulation of UVR sensitivity, cell-cycle progression, and circumvention of the DNA damage response (DDR). Downregulation of NCOA3 expression, either by genetic silencing or small-molecule inhibition, significantly suppressed melanoma proliferation in melanoma cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. NCOA3 silencing suppressed expression of xeroderma pigmentosum C and increased melanoma cell sensitivity to UVR. Suppression of NCOA3 expression led to activation of DDR effectors and reduced expression of cyclin B1, resulting in G2–M arrest and mitotic catastrophe. A SNP in NCOA3 (T960T) reduced NCOA3 protein expression and was associated with decreased melanoma risk, given a significantly lower prevalence in a familial melanoma cohort than in a control cohort without cancer. Overexpression of wild-type NCOA3 promoted melanocyte survival following UVR and was accompanied by increased levels of UVR-induced DNA damage, both of which were attenuated by overexpression of NCOA3 (T960T). These results describe NCOA3-regulated pathways by which melanoma can develop, with germline NCOA3 polymorphisms enabling enhanced melanocyte survival in the setting of UVR exposure, despite an increased mutational burden. They also identify NCOA3 as a novel therapeutic target for melanoma. Significance: This study explores NCOA3 as a regulator of the DDR and a therapeutic target in melanoma, where activation of NCOA3 contributes to melanoma development following exposure to ultraviolet light.
P33.15 TMB in the First-Line Setting of NSCLC: A Systematic Review with Indirect Comparisons Between PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors
Authors: V. Gristina, A. Galvano, M. Castiglia, A. Perez, N. Barraco, L. Castellana, L. Insalaco, M. Peri, F. Iacono, A. Cucinella, M. Bono, S. Cusenza, S. Rizzo, V. Bazan, A. Russo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
P76.73 MARIPOSA: Randomized Phase 3 Study of First-line Amivantamab + Lazertinib vs Osimertinib vs Lazertinib in EGFR-mutant NSCLC
Authors: S.M. Shreeve, M. Martinez, R.B. Verheijen, J. Xie, T. Sun, N. Haddish-Berhane, J.C. Curtin, J. Karkera, D. Pang, A. Roshak, R.E. Knoblauch, K. Patel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Decentralised hepatitis C testing and treatment in rural Cambodia: evaluation of a simplified service model integrated in an existing public health system
Authors: Meiwen Zhang, Daniel O'Keefe, Jennifer Craig, Keo Samley, Voeurng Bunreth, Pascal Jolivet, Suna Balkan, Tonia Marquardt, Jean-Philippe Dousset, Mickael Le Paih
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2021)
Tobacco Smoking and Risk of Second Primary Lung Cancer
Authors: Jacqueline V. Aredo, Sophia J. Luo, Rebecca M. Gardner, Nilotpal Sanyal, Eunji Choi, Thomas P. Hickey, Thomas L. Riley, Wen-Yi Huang, Allison W. Kurian, Ann N. Leung, Lynne R. Wilkens, Hilary A. Robbins, Elio Riboli, Rudolf Kaaks, Anne Tjønneland, Roel C.H. Vermeulen, Salvatore Panico, Loïc Le Marchand, Christopher I. Amos, Rayjean J. Hung, Neal D. Freedman, Mattias Johansson, Iona Cheng, Heather A. Wakelee, Summer S. Han
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)

IntroductionLung cancer survivors are at high risk of developing a second primary lung cancer (SPLC). However, SPLC risk factors have not been established and the impact of tobacco smoking remains controversial. We examined the risk factors for SPLC across multiple epidemiologic cohorts and evaluated the impact of smoking cessation on reducing SPLC risk.MethodsWe analyzed data from 7059 participants in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) diagnosed with an initial primary lung cancer (IPLC) between 1993 and 2017. Cause-specific proportional hazards models estimated SPLC risk. We conducted validation studies using the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (N = 3423 IPLC cases) and European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (N = 4731 IPLC cases) cohorts and pooled the SPLC risk estimates using random effects meta-analysis.ResultsOverall, 163 MEC cases (2.3%) developed SPLC. Smoking pack-years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18 per 10 pack-years, p < 0.001) and smoking intensity (HR = 1.30 per 10 cigarettes per day, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased SPLC risk. Individuals who met the 2013 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's screening criteria at IPLC diagnosis also had an increased SPLC risk (HR = 1.92; p < 0.001). Validation studies with the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial and European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition revealed consistent results. Meta-analysis yielded pooled HRs of 1.16 per 10 pack-years (pmeta < 0.001), 1.25 per 10 cigarettes per day (pmeta < 0.001), and 1.99 (pmeta < 0.001) for meeting the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's criteria. In MEC, smoking cessation after IPLC diagnosis was associated with an 83% reduction in SPLC risk (HR = 0.17; p < 0.001).ConclusionsTobacco smoking is a risk factor for SPLC. Smoking cessation may reduce the risk of SPLC. Additional strategies for SPLC surveillance and screening are warranted.
P09.35 COVID-19 in Patients with Lung Cancer – Experience from a Thoracic Oncology Center
Authors: D. Coelho, V. Santos, D. Araújo, H. Novais-Bastos, A. Magalhães, V. Hespanhol, H. Queiroga, G. Fernandes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Probiotics reduce self-reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in overweight and obese adults: should we be considering probiotics during viral pandemics?
Authors: Benjamin H. Mullish, Julian R. Marchesi, Julie A.K. McDonald, Daniel A. Pass, Giulia Masetti, Daryn R. Michael, Sue Plummer, Alison A. Jack, Thomas S. Davies, Timothy R. Hughes, Duolao Wang
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Gut microbiome manipulation to alter the gut-lung axis may potentially protect humans against respiratory infections, and clinical trials of probiotics show promise in this regard in healthy adults and children. However, comparable studies are lacking in overweight/obese people, who have increased risks in particular of viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). This Addendum further analyses our recent placebo-controlled trial of probiotics in overweight/obese people (focused initially on weight loss) to investigate the impact of probiotics upon the occurrence of URTI symptoms. As well as undergoing loss of weight and improvement in certain metabolic parameters, study participants taking probiotics experienced a 27% reduction in URTI symptoms versus control, with those ≥45 years or BMI ≥30 kg/m2 experiencing greater reductions. This symptom reduction is apparent within 2 weeks of probiotic use. Gut microbiome diversity remained stable throughout the study in probiotic-treated participants. Our data provide support for further trials to assess the potential role of probiotics in preventing viral URTI (and possibly also COVID-19), particularly in overweight/obese people.
P76.28 Phase II Study of the Efficacy of the EGFR Inhibitor Mefatinib in Patients with Advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC
Authors: P. Wang, Y. Li, D. Lv, L. Ding, W. Hong, H. Han-Zhang, J. Lin, J. Zhou, K. Wang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
P76.10 Erlotinib Plus Anlotinib as First-Line Therapy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Mutations: An Open-Label, Phase 2 Study
Authors: T. Chu, W. Zhang, B. Zhang, R. Zhong, C. Shi, X. Zhang, J. Qian, B. Han
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Pilot Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Secondary Transmission in Kindergarten Through Grade 12 Schools Implementing Mitigation Strategies — St. Louis County and City of Springfield, Missouri, December 2020
Authors: Patrick Dawson, Mary Claire Worrell, Sara Malone, Sarah C. Tinker, Stephanie Fritz, Brett Maricque, Sadaf Junaidi, Gemille Purnell, Albert M. Lai, Julie A. Neidich, Justin S. Lee, Rachel C. Orscheln, Rachel Charney, Terri Rebmann, Jon Mooney, Nancy Yoon, Machelle Petit, Spring Schmidt, Jean Grabeel, Lee Ann Neill, Lisa C. Barrios, Snigdha Vallabhaneni, Randall W. Williams, Clay Goddard, Jason G. Newland, John C. Neatherlin, Johanna S. Salzer, Suxiang Tong, Ying Tao, Brian Emery, Jing Zhang, Min-hsin Chen, Gimin Kim, Bettina Bankamp
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

In 22 participating K–12 schools implementing multiple COVID-19 mitigation strategies, school-based SARS-CoV-2 secondary transmission was detected in two of 102 tested close contacts of 37 persons with COVID-19.