tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention and Control of Influenza
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Diagnosis and Treatment1 October 1987Prevention and Control of InfluenzaRecommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory CommitteeAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-521 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail AbstractAbstractUnless vigorous measures are used to control influenza in the 1987 to 1988 season, mortality due to this disease may increase because the proportion of elderly persons in the United States is rising, and age and its associated chronic diseases are risk factors for severe influenza illness. Also, the younger populations at high risk for influenza-related complications are increasing for various reasons, including the success of neonatal intensive-care units, better management of diseases such as cystic fibrosis, and better survival rates for organ-transplant recipients. To help control influenza in the upcoming season, information on the influenza strains in the trivalent vaccine is provided, recommendations for vaccination of persons in households with a high-risk person are made, and precautions for the use of amantadine hydrochloride are described. This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: ▹From the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee, Centers for Disease Control; Atlanta, Georgia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseStrategies in Preserving Lung Health and Preventing COPD and Associated DiseasesAcute psychosis after amantadine overdoseAge-Related Decline in Interleukin 2 Production in Response to Influenza VaccineChronic obstructive pulmonary diseasePrevention de l'infection chez le sujet agéImmunization in Adults 1 October 1987Volume 107, Issue 4Page: 521-525KeywordsCystic fibrosisElderlyMedical risk factorsMortalityPopulation statisticsVaccines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Sequential High-Dose Chemotherapy Reinduction Followed By Haploidentical Transplantation in Acute Leukemias
Authors: Lucia Brunello, Roberto Passera, Chiara Maria Dellacasa, Luisa Giaccone, Ernesta Audisio, Dario Ferrero, Stefano D'Ardia, Bernardino Allione, Semra Aydin, Moreno Festuccia, Elena Crisà, Enrico Maffini, Sara Butera, Mario Boccadoro, Umberto Vitolo, Alessandro Busca, Benedetto Bruno
Journal: Blood (2017)
Polyphenol-assisted facile assembly of bioactive nanoparticles for targeted therapy of heart diseases
Authors: Yuantong Qi, Jingru Li, Qiang Nie, Mingjie Gao, Qinghua Yang, Zimeng Li, Qi Li, Songling Han, Jun Ding, Yongqin Li, Jianxiang Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)
Postoperative radiotherapy in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).
Authors: Sonja Levy, Stephanie Blankenstein, Dirk J. Grunhagen, Mathilde Jalving, Olga Hamming-Vrieze, Lukas B. Been, Lisa Tans, Alexander Christopher Jonathan Van Akkooi, Margot Et Tesselaar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

9575 Background: MCC is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy of the skin. Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is recommended by current guidelines to reduce recurrences and improve survival in patients with locoregional MCC. However, evidence supporting these recommendations is conflicting and deviations from the protocol occur frequently, due to the generally elderly and frail patient population. We aim to evaluate the influence of PORT on survival in stage I-III MCC patients treated in the Netherlands. Methods: All patients with stage I-III MCC treated in three referral centers between 2013 and 2018 were included retrospectively. Recurrence free survival (RFS) and disease specific survival (DSS, including death from unknown causes) were compared between patients with and without PORT. Prognostic factors for DSS were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, logrank test and cox regression. Since sentinel node biopsies (SN) are frequently omitted in this patient population, analyses were performed in patients with clinical (SN not performed) stage I/II (c-I/II-MCC), pathologic (SN negative) stage I/II (p-I/II-MCC) and stage III MCC (III-MCC), separately. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to assess possible confounding by indication. Results: In total 219 patients were included, of whom 54 had p-I/II-MCC, 82 had c-I/II-MCC and 83 had III-MCC. Median follow up time was 53.4 (IQR 32.8-62.4), 28 (11.8-43.3) and 30.8 (19.5-50.0) months, respectively. PSM identified no confounding by indication, analyses were therefore performed in the unmatched cohort. Majority of recurrences were regional in p-I/II-MCC (77.8%) and c-I/II-MCC (74.2%), and distant in III-MCC (61.7%). RFS was significantly different across all stages (p&lt;0.001), DSS was similar for patients with c-I/II-MCC and III-MCC, which was significantly worse compared to patients with p-I/II-MCC (p=0.003). Survival times are shown in table. PORT did not improve RFS and DSS in patients with p-I/II-MCC and c-I/II-MCC. In patients with III-MCC, PORT was associated with improved RFS, but not with DSS. Multivariable analysis identified male gender (hazard ratio (HR) 1.94, p=0.030), performance status (PS) of 3 (HR 3.87, p=0.014) and an unknown PS (HR 5.45, p=0.004), primary tumor on the trunk (HR 2.67, p=0.008), c-I/II-MCC (HR 5.38, p=0.001) and III-MCC (HR 6.44, p&lt;0.001) as predictors for DSS. Effect of PORT was not significant. Conclusions: In this retrospective cohort PORT did not show a DSS benefit in patients with stage I-III MCC. RFS was improved by PORT in III-MCC. PSM showed no confounding by indication.[Table: see text]
Mass drug administration for the acceleration of malaria elimination in a region of Myanmar with artemisinin-resistant falciparum malaria: a cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Alistair R D McLean, Chanida Indrasuta, Zay Soe Khant, Aung Kyaw Phyo, Sai Maung Maung, James Heaton, Hein Aung, Ye Aung, Kyaw Soe, Myo Maung Maung Swe, Lorenz von Seidlein, Ni Ni Tun, Kyaw Myo Tun, Nicholas P J Day, Elizabeth A Ashley, Thaung Hlaing, Thar Tun Kyaw, Arjen M Dondorp, Mallika Imwong, Nicholas J White, Frank M Smithuis
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2021)
Efficacy and safety of KN046 plus nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine as first-line treatment for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Authors: Gang Jin, Shiwei Guo, Yanqiao Zhang, Yue Ma, Xiaodong Guo, Xiaocui Zhou, Qin Yu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

4138 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma（PDAC）is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide and is characterized by extremely poor prognosis. Nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine has been recommended by international guidelines for first-line treatment of advanced PDAC but chemoresistance is difficult to avoid. Combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy has demonstrated substantial promise for the treatment of several advanced malignancies. A few recent studies have begun to explore the effect of ICIs monotherapy or co in advanced PDAC with few meaningful results. KN046, a novel recombinant humanized bispecific antibody, can simultaneously block PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways and restore T-cell immune response to tumor. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KN046 plus nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine as first-line treatment for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic PDAC. Methods: This ongoing phase II trial in China enrolled pts with histologically or cytologically confirmed unresectable locally advanced or metastatic PDAC who have ECOG PS of 0-1 and never received systemic anti-tumor therapy for advanced or metastatic diseases. KN046 (5mpk, Q2W) plus nab-paclitaxel (125mg/m 2 , D1, 8, 15, Q4W) and gemcitabine (1000mg/m 2 , D1, 8, 15, Q4W) were administered 4-6 cycles followed by KN046 (5mpk) maintenance therapy every 2 weeks. Tumour response was assessed according to RECIST 1.1 every 8 weeks. The primary endpoint is investigator-assessed ORR. Secondary endpoints are DCR, DOR, TTP, PFS, OS and safety. Results: As of December 15, 2020, 17 pts were enrolled, median (range) age was 56 (36-75) years, 9 pts ECOG 1, and 7 pts had liver metastases. Median KN046 exposure time was 9.5 wks. 9 pts were included in the efficacy analysis and 17 pts in the safety analysis. In best overall response assessment, there were 55.6% PR (5/9) and 33.3% SD (3/9). ORR was 55.6% (95% CI: 21.2̃86.3), and DCR was 88.9% (95% CI: 51.8̃99.7). The overall incidence of KN046 related treatment-emergent adverse events was 64.7%, with 29.4% were grade 3 TRAE. The most common KN046 related treatment-emergent adverse events (≥10%) were alanine aminotransferase increased (n = 5, 29.4%), nausea (n = 3, 17.6%), rash (n = 3, 17.6%), aspartate aminotransferase increased (n = 2, 11.8%), diarrhoea (n = 2, 11.8%), hyperphosphataemia (n = 2, 11.8%), pyrexia (n = 2, 11.8%), vomiting (n = 2, 11.8%). Conclusions: Combining KN046 with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine as first-line treatment for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic PDAC patients is safe and feasible, and lays the foundation for subsequent clinical trials. Clinical trial information: NCT04324307.
Effects of a mucosal coating spray in non-small cell lung cancer patients with nasal mucositis.
Authors: Fang Wang, Hui Liu, Zhen Zeng, Shasha Wang, Haifeng Qin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

e21160 Background: Targeted therapy opens a new era in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At the same time, it also faces a serious problem, that is, the adverse events brought by new drugs, which not only affect the quality of patients’ life, but may even endanger their lives. Nasal mucositis (NM) may cause significant discomfort for the patients, and even result in the interruption of treatment. Episil (mucosal coating spray) oral liquid is a preservative-free oral liquid gel that can be used for the management of pain associated with oral lesions of various etiologies. Our study prospectively assessed effects of mucosal coating spray oral liquid in NSCLC patients with NM. There is no similar studies at home and abroad. Methods: Our study enrolled 15 patients who experience nasal mucositis after targeted therapy (Table). We designed a specific questionnaire according to Oral Mucositis Daily QuestionnaireOMDQ), Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS), and the Patient-Reported Oral Mucositis Symptom (PROMS) to evaluate the change of life quality in NSCLC patients. All the patients needed to complete the questionnaire included in the statistical analysis. Evaluations were made before and after 5 treatment days. Results: All the patients were evaluated. Among patients, 87% suffered from NM grade 2 and 33% were with bleeding at study start, quality of life scores improved significantly after 5 treatment days with mucosal coating spray. Only 1 patient’s pain score reduced not that well because of nonstandard medication. No drug-related adverse reactions were found. Conclusions: Mucosal coating spray can effectively improve the nasal mucositis caused by targeted therapy in NSCLC patients. It may provide a new and effective therapy strategy for them, but large sample and additional clinical trials are also needed, especially for bevacizumab as one agent of combination protocol.
Comments and Concerns on the LASER Trial—Reply
Authors: Ville Sallinen, Alexandre Santos, Panu Mentula
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

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ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) as front-line therapy for Hodgkins lymphoma in Hispanic patients: A single center experience from Texas-Mexico Border.
Authors: Sumit Gaur, Alexander Philipovskiy, Alok Kumar Dwivedi, Ana Eiring, Umeanaeto Onyedika, Attilio Orazi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

e19514 Background: Population-based studies in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) have shown reduced survival in patients of Hispanic ethnicity as compared with non-Hispanic Whites. ABVD is the most commonly used regimen for HL in the United States. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of Hispanic patients with HL treated at a single institution located along the Texas-Mexico border. Methods: We performed a chart review of Hispanic patients with HL treated at our institution over an 8 year period. Prognostic (Stage, International Prognostic Score) and predictive (results of interim and end of therapy PET scan) factors were recorded. Relative dose intensity (RDI: fraction of drug dose administered to the standard dose) of each chemotherapy drug was calculated.Treatment delays and their causes were recorded. Quantitative variables were described using median, inter-quartile range, minimum and maximum observations. Categorical variables were described using frequency and proportions. Kaplan – Meier curves were used to show relapse-free survival. Results: Base line characteristics are shown in table. A total of 24 patients were treated in the time frame of whom 45% were dependent on charity care. All were treated with ABVD or an ABVD-like regimen. After a median follow-up of 43 months, relapse rate for the entire cohort was 45.8%. ( 33.3% in early stage and 53.3% in advanced stage disease). Of the patients who relapsed 45% were unable to receive a stem cell transplant based salvage therapy. The RDI for each chemotherapy drug in ABVD was as follows: Doxorubicin (98.8%), Bleomycin (82.1%), vinblastine (97.9%) and dacarbazine (100%). The mean and median delay in completing chemotherapy was 9.9 and 5.5 days respectively (range 0-56). Conclusions: HL patients of Hispanic ethnicity have a high relapse rate with ABVD despite optimal delivery of the regimen. As medically underserved minority patients face significant barriers in accessing stem cell rescue based salvage treatments, decreasing the relapse rate with upfront therapy can help in addressing the disparity seen in survival. Non ABVD regimens shown to have a higher upfront remission rate like escalated dose BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) or A-AVD (brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) should be studied in these patients.[Table: see text]
Dose escalation for mitigating diarrhea: Ranked tolerability assessment of anti-diarrheal regimens in patients receiving neratinib for early-stage breast cancer.
Authors: Gavin M. Marx, Amy Jo Chien, José A. García-Sáenz, Arlene Chan, Manuel Ruiz-Borrego, Carlos Hernando Barcenas, Michael P. Thirlwell, Maureen E. Trudeau, Ron Bose, Daniel Egle, Barbara Pistilli, Johanna Wassermann, Kerry A. Cheong, Dieter Semsek, Christian F. Singer, Daniel Hunt, Utpal Khambholja, Feng Xu, Naisargee Shah, Adam Brufsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

536 Background: The primary tolerability concern with neratinib (NERLYNX®; N), an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is diarrhea. Data from the multi-cohort, open-label, phase 2 CONTROL trial [Barcenas et al. Ann Oncol 2020] demonstrated significant improvement in grade 3 diarrhea and diarrhea-related discontinuations vs the ExteNET trial, which did not mandate anti-diarrheal prophylaxis. We report a systematic analysis of tolerability in CONTROL and ExteNET. Methods: Patients (pts) ≥18y with stage I–IIIc HER2+ breast cancer received N (240 mg/d po for 1y) after trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy and were enrolled sequentially into cohorts assessing different modalities to mitigate diarrhea. Cohorts with complete data were included: loperamide (L); L+budesonide (BL); L+colestipol (CL); CL as needed (CL-PRN); and N dose escalation (DE; 120 mg/d on d1–7, 160 mg/d on d8–14, and 240 mg/d thereafter). Integrated ranking (IR) analysis was performed on 13 endpoints in 4 domains (exposure, diarrhea, adverse events [AEs], quality of life [QoL]) identified with input from clinicians; cohorts were ranked from 1 (best) to 5 (worst). Index scores (IS) based on individual pt data from CONTROL were calculated as supportive analysis to confirm selection of the regimen with best overall tolerability, which was then compared with ExteNET. Results: Of the 5 CONTROL cohorts evaluated, DE ranked best for most endpoints. Average ranks per IR method: L 3.4; BL 3.2; CL 3.0; CL-PRN 3.3; DE 2.0. The IS analysis supported DE as the cohort with best overall tolerability. Comparison of CONTROL DE vs ExteNET showed improvement in tolerability in all domains (table). Conclusions: These analyses suggest superiority of weekly DE vs other anti-diarrheal strategies. A lower rate of grade 3 diarrhea was observed with CONTROL DE vs ExteNET (13.3 vs 39.9%, respectively), as well as a comparable or improved AE profile. The data also reveal greater compliance with N (fewer early discontinuations, longer treatment duration, higher cumulative dose) and reduced impact on QoL with DE, suggesting improved tolerability. Clinical trial information: NCT02400476. [Table: see text]
Association of cytoplasmic HMGB1 (cHMGB1) expression with local tumor recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer.
Authors: Iandra Freire Oliveira, Jhonata Lima Rocha, Anamaria Falcão Pereira, Marina Helena Silva Lopes, Aurilene Gomes Cajado, Rosane Oliveira Sant'Ana, Paulo Roberto Carvalho Almeida, Roberto César Pereira Lima, Deysi Viviana Tenazoa Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

e12595 Background: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms worldwide, contributing to women's morbimortality. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of cancer marked by negative estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and lack of the human epidermal growth factor 2 (C-erbB2, HER2/neu) gene overexpression. The high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a factor that regulates malignant tumorigenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. Aim: Here, the HMGB1 expression was investigated as a prognostic factor for TNBC. Methods: Clinico-pathological data and surgical paraffin histopathology blocks were assessed from 85 patients treated at Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital (Ethics committee approval number 407.395). Samples were analyzed by immunofluorescence using the Tissue Microarray technique to determine the percentage of fluorescent cells with cytoplasmic HMGB1 (cHMGB1) expression. Results: The clinico-pathological data analysis indicated that patients were older than 50 years (68.2%) and diagnosed with grade 2–3 ductal carcinomas (91.8%). Tumor metastasis was observed in 9.9% of cases. TNBC patients that tumor cells presented high cHMGB1 fluorescence demonstrated increased local tumor recurrence compared with low expressing tumors (P=0.019). Five-year overall survival was simmilar between the patients with low (63%) versus high (66%) cHMGB1 expression (P=0.7441). Additionally, the risk of death was 0.8 (95% CI = 0.21–2.96). Conclusions: The cHMGB1 expression is associated with an increased tumor relapse in TNBC, not affecting patients' survival.
RARE-25. DISSECTING THE CONTEMPORARY EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY BRAIN TUMORS IN INFANCY THROUGH CHILDHOOD
Authors: Nayan Lamba, Bryan Iorgulescu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract Introduction Herein we utilize national registry data to evaluate the epidemiology of primary and secondary pediatric brain tumors according to the WHO2016 classification. Methods Pediatric patients (age≤14) presenting between 2004–2017 with a brain tumor were identified by ICD-O-3 and brain metastasis (2010–2017) coding from the National Cancer Database (comprising &amp;gt;70% of newly-diagnosed cancers in the U.S.), and categorized by NICHD age stages: infant (&amp;lt;1yr; n=1,686), toddler (1-2yrs; n=1,732), early- (2-5yrs; n=6,712), middle- (6-11yrs; n=9,175), and late- (12-14yrs; n=5,042) childhood. Patients’ age, sex, race/ethnicity, and overall survival, and tumor location and size were evaluated by WHO2016 tumor type. Results 24,347 pediatric brain tumor patients were identified. Overall, other astrocytic tumors (24% of females, 20% of males), diffuse astrocytic/oligodendroglial gliomas (23% of females, 21% of males – 64% of which were midline), embryonal (13% of females, 19% of males), and sellar region tumors (12% of females, 8% of males) predominated. Embryonal tumors prevailed in infancy (24%) and toddlerhood (24%), declining to 9% in late childhood; only 40% were female. Ependymal tumors peaked at 15% in toddlerhood (6% overall), whereas choroid plexus tumors peaked at 11% in infancy (1.9% overall). A minority of brain tumors were of neuronal &amp; mixed neuronal-glial (6.1%), germ cell (3.8%), cranial nerve (3.2%), mesenchymal non-meningothelial (2.4%), meningioma (1.6%), pineal (1.1%), hematological/histiocytic (0.5%), and other glioma (0.2%) types. Brain metastases were rare (1.5% overall; from 4.0% in infancy to 0.8% in late childhood; and only 41% were female) – 61% came from adrenal neuroblastoma, 16% from sarcomas, and 6% from malignant rhabdoid tumors/extracranial AT/RT. Conclusions Pediatric brain metastases overwhelmingly originate from adrenal neuroblastoma. Although, overall, diffuse astrocytic/oligodendroglial, other astrocytic, embryonal, and sellar region tumors predominate among pediatric brain tumors, together they only comprise 70% of cases and their distribution varies substantially by patients’ age and sex.
Marie-José Walenkamp: paediatric endocrinologist whose research focused on genetics in growth
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2021)

At the start of her fellowship in paediatric endocrinology at Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), a shy, and still largely unknown, Marie-Jose Walenkamp chanced on a patient who appeared to have a novel genetic abnormality resulting in severe short stature.

Together with her mentor, Jan-Maarten Wit, Walenkamp, then in her mid-30s, decided it was an interesting case to study. She managed to round up the whole extended family of 30 people, bringing them to the Leiden hospital for clinical assessment and laboratory tests to try to understand the effect of the pathogenic variant of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).

“She was very good at this. Her communication skills helped enormously,” recalls Wit. Other colleagues of Walenkamp, who died aged 54, said simply: “Her patients adored her.”

This, together with her perseverance and attention to detail, emerged in this first publication of a case with an IGF-1 mutation. It was the start of an academic career in which she would become acknowledged internationally as making important contributions to understanding the genetic nature of short and tall stature. …