tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE MURDER OF THE INNOCENTS.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coronary care.
Authors: R Mulcahy, M Hurley
Journal: BMJ (1970)

are endemic could explain the finding of rickettsial antibodies in the sera of multiple sclerosis patients studied by Le Gac.It should be noted that rickettsiae are endemic not only in tropical Africa but also in northern Africa and other areas bordering the Mediterranean, including France.The only rickettsia affecting man known to be endemic in Britain is R. burneti, and no indication that Q fever is related to multiple sclerosis has been shown by the British in- vestigations involving microagglutination tests in altogether 79 and complement fixa- tion tests in 125 multiple sclerosis cases.I therefore agree with Professor Field and Miss Chambers and with my local colleagues that there is no acceptable evidence for a rickettsial aetiology of multiple sclerosis, and I see no grounds for diverting time and resources to clinical trial of Le Gac's treatment.-Iam, etc.,
Update: Chikungunya Fever Diagnosed Among International Travelers—United States, 2006
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquitoborne alphavirus indigenous to tropical Africa and Asia, where it causes endemic and epidemic chikungunya (CHIK) fever, an acute illness characterized by fever, arthralgias, and sometimes arthritis, commonly accompanied by conjunctivitis and rash. Although symptoms of CHIKV infection usually last days to weeks, joint symptoms and signs usually last for months and occasionally for 1 year or longer; deaths from CHIKV infection are rare. No specific antiviral treatment exists for CHIKV infection; treatment consists of supportive care, including analgesics and anti-inflammatory medication for joint symptoms. During 2005-2006, an epidemic of CHIK fever occurred on islands in the Indian Ocean and in India, resulting in millions of clinically suspected cases, mainly in southern India. In the United States, CHIK fever has been diagnosed in travelers from abroad. CDC previously reported 12 imported cases of CHIK fever diagnosed in the United States from 2005 through late September 2006, including 11 with illness onset in 2006. This report of 26 additional imported cases with onset in 2006 underscores the importance of recognizing such cases among travelers. Health-care providers are encouraged to suspect CHIKV infection in travelers with fever and arthralgias who have recently returned from areas with CHIKV transmission. Acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens can be submitted to CDC for testing through state health departments. Public health officials and health-care providers are encouraged to be vigilant for the possibility of indigenous CHIKV transmission in areas of the United States where CHIKV mosquito vectors are prevalent.
Impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of prostate cancer among White and Black Veterans.
Authors: Kyung Min Lee, Kripa Guram, Patrick Alba, Tori Anglin-Foote, Brian Robison, Brent S Rose, Julie Ann Lynch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

29 Background: Early-stage prostate cancer (PCa) is typically detected on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and subsequent prostate biopsy, healthcare interventions that are considered routine elective procedures. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine healthcare screenings and interventions. We sought to determine whether delayed screening and diagnostic workup of PCa was associated with increased rates of incident PCa, high-grade Gleason, and metastatic disease at diagnosis. Methods: We used the Corporate Data Warehouse of the Veterans Health Administration to collect PSA, prostate biopsy, PCa diagnosis, Gleason score, and metastasis information of White and Black Veterans aged 40 years or older newly diagnosed with PCa from January 2019 through June 2021. For each month, we calculated rates of PSA, prostate biopsy, and incident PCa per 100,000 men and plotted monthly rates by race. We performed descriptive analyses to compare age at first PSA, age at diagnosis, baseline PSA, Gleason scores, and metastasis pre- and post-January 2020, the month in which the U.S. declared COVID-19 a public health emergency. Results: The decrease in the rate of PSA screening immediately after January 2020 was similar in both White and Black Veterans (7% vs. 6%). However, the magnitude of reduction in the rate of prostate biopsy and the rate diagnosis of incident PCa were five times larger among Black Veterans compared to White Veterans (11% vs. 2% for both biopsy and diagnosis rates). Among the 17,771 White and 9,610 Black Veterans with incident PCa, the rate of Gleason of 4+3 or greater and the rate of metastatic disease at diagnosis increased three months after the pandemic in both race groups with comparable magnitude (2-3% increase in high-grade Gleason, 1% increase in metastatic disease). Conclusions: Utilization patterns indicated that while the decrease in PSA screening after the pandemic was similar in White and Black Veterans, reductions in prostate biopsy and diagnosis of incident PCa were five times greater in Blacks than Whites. Further research including risk-adjusted modeling is needed to determine whether Black Veterans were disproportionately affected by the pandemic-related disruptions in PSA screening and diagnostic workup of prostate cancer.[Table: see text]
Why Diversity in Dermatology Clinical Trials Should No Longer Be Optional
Authors: Kanika Kamal, Sotonye Imadojemu, Alexandra Charrow
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Pathologic and radiographic outcomes following prostate cancer diagnosis aided by IsoPSA testing.
Authors: Tarik Benidir, Martin Hofmann, Zaeem M Lone, Christopher Weight, Eric A. Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

276 Background: IsoPSA is a structure-based assay previously demonstrated to outperform prostate specific antigen (PSA) and free-to-total PSA ratio in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer at the time of biopsy (Stovsky, Klein 2019). Herein we report pathologic outcomes in patients treated via radical prostatectomy (RP) whom had undergone IsoPSA testing prior to their diagnostic biopsy. We also explore IsoPSA status in the context of MRI dependent findings, including PIRADS scores and PSA density. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients whom had undergone IsoPSA testing prior to biopsy and RP at our institution between 2019-2021. We also identified subsets of patients with pre-operative prostate MRI’s. Exploratory analyses were performed to determine associations between IsoPSA and adverse histologic (cribiform, intraductal status (CB/ID), grade group status) pathologic (extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, surgical margins) and radiographic (PSA density, PIRADS, location) features. We examined these data points in a randomly selected control group of RP patients whom had not had IsoPSA testing. Student’s T-test, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, were used where appropriate. Results: A total of 83 patients underwent RP following IsoPSA testing, with 72.2% (60/83) also undergoing pre-operative prostate MRI. The mean total PSA was 10.3 ng/dL, IsoPSA index was 10.2 and prostate size 46.8 cc. IsoPSA was significantly associated with PSA density (median IsoPSA of 9.9 vs 7.8 for PSA density &gt; 0.15, &lt;0.15 respectively, p &lt; 0.001). The median IsoPSA index was higher when the dominant tumor was found in the transitional zone versus peripheral zone (12.7 vs 8.8 p = 0.011). IsoPSA trended towards but was not associated with PIRADS-v2 score (1-2 vs 3 vs 4-5) (p = 0.1). IsoPSA was not selectively associated with adverse pathological or histological features. Conclusions: IsoPSA has been shown to predict clinically significant disease on biopsy, and as such may improve the selection of men for such intervention. In our initial cohort, IsoPSA reliably identified patients with clinically significant disease without selecting for unique adverse pathologic/histologic features when compared to a control group. Radiographically, IsoPSA was significantly associated with elevated PSA density ( &gt; 0.15), tumor location (TZ vs PZ), and trended towards significance with PIRADS v.2 score (p = 0.1. Further work is encouraged to explore its adjunctive benefit in correlation to MRI features.
SECTION ON SURGERY AND ANATOMY—PROGRAM.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association between prostate-specific antigen screening and prostate cancer mortality in a racially diverse cohort of United States veterans.
Authors: Michael Vincent Sherer, Edmund Men Qiao, Nikhil V. Kotha, Alexander Qian, Brent S. Rose
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

225 Background: African American (AA) men are known to develop more aggressive forms of prostate cancer at a younger age compared to their Non-Hispanic White (NHW) counterparts. However, few AA men were included in the major randomized trials assessing the efficacy of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening. It is thus unknown whether PSA screening may be more beneficial in the AA population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the United States (US) Veterans Affairs Health System (VA) using the VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure. Inclusion criteria were AA or NHW men aged 55-69 diagnosed with intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer between 2004 and 2017. Patients were classified as never screened with PSA prior to diagnosis, screened at least once prior to diagnosis (some screening), or screened in 5 consecutive years prior to diagnosis (annual screening). A lead-time bias adjusted multivariate regression model was implemented to assess the effect of screening on prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM), with covariates including age, comorbidities, BMI, smoking history, marital status and primary care utilization. Results: A total of 45,825 men met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis, including 14,294 (31.1%) AA men and 31,151 (68.9%) NHW men. When compared to no screening, any prior PSA screening was associated with improved PCSM for both AA (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 0.64, p &lt; 0.001) and NHW (SHR 0.62, p &lt; 0.001) patients. Annual PSA screening (vs no or some screening) was associated with improved PCSM for AA men (SHR 0.68, p = 0.013) but not NHW men (SHR 0.90, p = 0.240). Other significant predictors of worse PCSM in both AA and NHW men included older age, earlier year of diagnosis, greater comorbidity burden, and cigarette smoking. Conclusions: In a diverse population of US veterans, at least one prior screening PSA was associated with improved PCSM in both AA and NHW patients. Annual PSA screening was associated with reduced PCSM in AA but not NHW men, suggesting that more intensive screening protocols may be beneficial for AA patients.
The antidiarrheal efficacy of a proprietary amino acid mixture (enterade) in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients.
Authors: Aman Chauhan, Qian Yu, Rachel C Miller, Laura Luque, Heidi Weiss, Lowell Brian Anthony
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e22217 Background: Based on SEER database, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEPNET) incidence has increased 6-fold from 1 in 100,000 cases to about 6 in 100,000 cases over past 3 decades. North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society estimates that over 100,000 GEPNET patients (pts) are currently living in the United States. A common quality of life limiting symptom for GEPNET pts is diarrhea. Excessive serotonin production, short gut syndrome, steatorrhea, bile acid colitis or intestinal bacterial overgrowth are possible causes of diarrhea in these pts. A novel amino acid based oral rehydration solution (enterade) is currently being evaluated in a Phase II clinical trial for antidiarrheal effects in post bone marrow transplant patients (NCT02919670). We conducted a pilot study of enterade in neuroendocrine tumor pts with quality of life limiting diarrhea to evaluate its antidiarrheal efficacy. Methods: Medical records of all GEPNET pts treated with enterade for symptomatic diarrhea were evaluated. Pts were treated at the Markey Cancer Center from May 2017 to January 2018. Results: Thirty-five pts were identified. One 8 Oz enterade bottle BID for 2 wks was prescribed. Antidiarrheal efficacy data were available for 23 pts. Seven pts had small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (NET), 5 had bronchial NETs, 2 had colorectal NETs, 3 had NETs of unknown primary, 3 had gastric NETS, 2 had pancreatic NETs and one had high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate. Fourteen pts had history of prior bowel resection either for primary neuroendocrine tumor resection or debulking. Fifteen patients were receiving somatostatin analogs. Seventeen out of 23 patients reported improvement in diarrheal symptoms. Twelve out of these 17 responders reported at least a 50 percent reduction in diarrhea frequency. Conclusions: Seventeen of 23 (73.9%) GEPNET pts reported improvement in diarrhea with enterade. Twelve of 23 pts (52.2%) reported more than 50% reduction in diarrhea frequency. A prospective Phase II study of enterade in GEPNET patients with quality of life limiting diarrhea is planned.
The spectrum of sex differences in cancer
Authors: Joshua B. Rubin
Journal: Trends in cancer (2022)

HighlightsSex differences in cancer incidence and survival are the norm and evident across cancer types, around the globe, in all genetic ancestries, and in all age groups.Increasingly, sex differences in cancer-relevant cellular and systems biology are being described.Sex differences in mutational burden, DNA repair, epigenetics, metabolism, tumor suppressor activity, cell cycle regulation, and immunity are reported.AbstractSex differences in cellular and systems biology have been evolutionarily selected to optimize reproductive success in all species with little (sperm) and big (ova) gamete producers. They are evident from the time of fertilization and accrue throughout development through genetic, epigenetic, and circulating sex hormone-dependent mechanisms. Among other effects, they significantly impact on chromatin organization, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immunity, longevity, and cancer risk and survival. Sex differences in cancer should be expected and accounted for in basic, translational, and clinical oncology research.
Hydralazine lung.
Authors: B H Bass
Journal: Thorax (1981)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To study fully automated digital joint space width (JSW) and bone mineral density (BMD) in relation to a conventional radiographic scoring method in early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA). <h3>Methods</h3> Radiographs scored by the modified Sharp van der Heijde score (SHS) in patients with eRA were acquired from the SWEdish FarmacOTherapy study. Fully automated JSW measurements of bilateral metacarpals 2, 3 and 4 were compared with the joint space narrowing (JSN) score in SHS. Multilevel mixed model statistics were applied to calculate the significance of the association between ΔJSW and ΔBMD over 1 year, and the JSW differences between damaged and undamaged joints as evaluated by the JSN. <h3>Results</h3> Based on 576 joints of 96 patients with eRA, a significant reduction from baseline to 1 year was observed in the JSW from 1.69 (±0.19) mm to 1.66 (±0.19) mm (p&lt;0.01), and BMD from 0.583 (±0.068) g/cm<sup>2</sup> to 0.566 (±0.074) g/cm<sup>2</sup> (p&lt;0.01). A significant positive association was observed between ΔJSW and ΔBMD over 1 year (p&lt;0.0001). On an individual joint level, JSWs of undamaged (JSN=0) joints were wider than damaged (JSN&gt;0) joints: 1.68 mm (95% CI 1.70 to 1.67) vs 1.54 mm (95% CI 1.63 to 1.46). Similarly the unadjusted multilevel model showed significant differences in JSW between undamaged (1.68 mm (95% CI 1.72 to 1.64)) and damaged joints (1.63 mm (95% CI 1.68 to 1.58)) (p=0.0048). This difference remained significant in the adjusted model: 1.66 mm (95% CI 1.70 to 1.61) vs 1.62 mm (95% CI 1.68 to 1.56) (p=0.042). <h3>Conclusions</h3> To measure the JSW with this fully automated digital tool may be useful as a quick and observer-independent application for evaluating cartilage damage in eRA. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT00764725.
Hair Dye Use and Breast Cancer: Reply
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Hair Dye Use and Breast Cancer: Reply JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 72, Issue 6, June 1984, Pages 1211–1212, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/72.6.1211-a Published: 01 June 1984
The Ten-Day Movement
Authors: None MD
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A physician from Tennessee (229:846, 1974) referred to a 21year-old man with a lifetime history of one bowel movement every ten days, otherwise healthy, not concerned about his bowel habits, and not taking laxatives. In this case, there seems to be the possibility of a periodically incarcerated diaphragmatic hernia that releases its contents every week or ten days. If there are no further symptoms and the patient is comfortable, no treatment, surgical or otherwise, is indicated as long as no serious incarceration of the diaphragmatic hernia does occur. Suspenders should be worn instead of a belt. It happened about 15 years ago that I went into shock with abdominal pain while I was busy in a hospital. Abdominal exploration was done; my gallbladder was removed, but appeared to be normal. The incision was extended to the left side of the abdomen. A diaphragmatic hernia was found with the
Malabsorption.
Authors: N. H. Dyer, A. M. Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Last week the examination and investigation of patients with malabsorption were discussed.This week the clinical syndromes are described and their treatment outlined.) Clinical Syndromes Pancreatic Insufficiency. Steatorrhoea is often gross and the diagnosis may be suggested by the presence of abdominal pain and diabetes.Provided that the underlying cause is not debilitating patients retain their appetite, so that weight loss may not occur.Anaemia, osteo- malacia, and a bleeding tendency are relatively uncommon.Xylose absorption and jejunal biopsy are usually normal.Glucose tolerance may show a diabetic curve.Calcification may be seen on an abdominal radiograph.The diagnosis may be proved by a Lundh test, which involves the measurement of trypsin in the duodenum after feeding a test meal, and clearly separates steatorrhoea of pancreatic origin from that due to other causes.Estimation of faecal enzymes is again coming into favour, and estimations of chymotrypsin concentrations may act as a reliable screening test in adults as well as children.Treatment is by a low fat, high protein diet.Pancreatic extracts may be unpleasant to take and large quantities are required to fully replace normal pancreatic secretion.At the moment there is little information on the intraluminal concen- trations attained after oral therapy, and the small doses often prescribed may be without effect.
American Board of Medical Specialties
Authors: John C. Nunemaker
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The establishment of the American Board of Medical Specialties was reported in last year's Education Number under section I, "Recent Events of Special Significance." The change of name, establishment of a central office with a full-time executive director, internal reorganization, and reconsideration of membership categories all indicate that "the boards" are indeed sensitive to the need for change. After more than one full year of operation, the dimensions of the change in the purposes, policies, and procedures of the American Board of Medical Specialties remain to be demonstrated. It is clear these will be reflected to some degree in the activities of each of the approved specialty boards. Each of the specialty boards is incorporated separately, and the definition of a primary board includes its designation as "autonomous"; nevertheless, the agreement to establish a new organization and to support it financially signified a concern with certain common problems and recognition
Decolonising gender in India
Authors: Priya Shankar, Bittu K Rajaraman, Aqsa Shaikh, Prachi Patel, Aruna Nannapaneni, Sanjay Sharma, Ricky Sharma, Amrita Sarkar, Harish Pemde
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

What if a birth certificate had more options than just male or female? And what if a medical provider could only declare a sex assigned at birth and was required to leave the gender blank, to be decided by the individual later? This revolutionary concept, which will soon be introduced in India, represents a crucially important step forward in expanding rigid notions around gender and sexuality that were first introduced during British colonial rule.