tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic hypertonic saline enhances glymphatic spinal cord delivery of lumbar intrathecal morphine
Authors: Kim J. Blomqvist, Moritz O.B. Skogster, Mika J. Kurkela, Marko P. Rosenholm, Fredrik H.G. Ahlström, Mikko T. Airavaara, Janne T. Backman, Pekka V. Rauhala, Eija A. Kalso, Tuomas O. Lilius
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)

The blood-brain barrier significantly limits effective drug delivery to central nervous system (CNS) targets. The recently characterized glymphatic system offers a perivascular highway for intrathecally (i.t.) administered drugs to reach deep brain structures. Although periarterial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) influx and concomitant brain drug delivery can be enhanced by pharmacological or hyperosmotic interventions, their effects on drug delivery to the spinal cord, an important target for many drugs, have not been addressed. Hence, we studied in rats whether enhancement of periarterial flow by systemic hypertonic solution might be utilized to enhance spinal delivery and efficacy of i.t. morphine. We also studied whether the hyperosmolar intervention affects brain or cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations after systemic administration. Periarterial CSF influx was enhanced by intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline (HTS, 5.8%, 20 ml/kg, 40 mOsm/kg). The antinociceptive effects of morphine were characterized, using tail flick, hot plate and paw pressure tests. Drug concentrations in serum, tissue and microdialysis samples were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with isotonic solution, HTS increased concentrations of spinal i.t. administered morphine by 240% at the administration level (T13-L1) at 60 min and increased the antinociceptive effect of morphine in tail flick, hot plate, and paw pressure tests. HTS also independently increased hot plate and paw pressure latencies but had no effect in the tail flick test. HTS transiently increased the penetration of intravenous morphine into the lateral ventricle, but not into the hippocampus. In conclusion, acute systemic hyperosmolality is a promising intervention for enhanced spinal delivery of i.t. administered morphine. The relevance of this intervention should be expanded to other i.t. drugs and brought to clinical trials.
DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY AMONG HEART FAILURE PATIENTS DURING FIRST AND SECOND COVID19 SURGES IN NEW YORK
Authors: Sheetal Vasundara Mathai, Li Pang, Ari Friedman, Marko Novakovic, Joan Curcio, Vidya Menon, Farbod Raiszadeh, Kenneth Hupart, Robert T. Faillace
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
To an ecological endoscopic submucosal dissection: tips and tricks to reduce waste
Authors: Clara Yzet, Nicolas Benech, Pierre Lafeuille, Thomas Lambin, Jérôme Rivory, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Climate change is a global issue. By changing our habits, we can tackle the climate emergency and build a sustainable world. Every effort can contribute to modify the future of our planet. In medicine, some disciplines have already integrated the concept of environmental effects of unused pharmaceutical products [1] [2] [3] [4] . In the endoscopic field, the green change is not yet a daily practice.
What Is the Value of the Robotic Platform for Major Hepatectomies?
Authors: Ahmad Hamad, Mariam F. Eskander, Allan Tsung
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Ukraine war: The humanitarian crisis in Kharkiv
Authors: Dmytro Chumachenko, Tetyana Chumachenko
Journal: BMJ (2022)

For more than a month now, Russian troops have been destroying the Russian-speaking city of Kharkiv in Ukraine, where we live, along with 1.5 million other inhabitants.In Kharkiv, the war has resulted in the deaths of hundreds of civilians, large-scale destruction of infrastructure, and also a humanitarian crisis, which is getting worse every day.There are estimates that more than 1,000 buildings have been destroyed, of which more than 700 are multi-storey apartment buildings, which are no longer habitable.Essential infrastructure in the city, such as water supply, electricity, and heating networks, are destroyed.Repair of these systems is carried out, but not always quickly.In some areas of the city, repairs cannot be carried out.
Author's correction for Euro Surveill. 2022;27(3)
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

© This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Closure This is a corrected article applying to the following content: Development of a risk assessment profile tool to determine appropriate use of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen detection tests for different activities and events in Ireland, since October 2021
Hyposplenism in adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Lucy Cook, Hannah Al‐Yousuf, Sajir Mohamedbhai, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

A 76-year-old man of Trinidadian origin presented with a six-month history of worsening shortness of breath on exertion and a generalized itchy maculopapular rash over the previous 6 weeks. There were no B symptoms or other abnormal physical findings. His general practitioner requested a blood count, which showed white cell count 24.3 × 109/L, hemoglobin concentration 153 g/L, platelet count 216 × 109/L, and lymphocytes 15 × 109/L; corrected calcium was 2.44 mmol/L and lactate dehydrogenase 430 unit/L. The blood film revealed pleomorphic lymphocytes, some with polylobated nuclei, suggesting a diagnosis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) with leucoerythroblastic changes, together with target cells and Howell–Jolly bodies indicative of hyposplenism (images, ×100 objective). Flow cytometry showed an excess of lymphocytes, of which 85% expressed weak CD3 together with CD2, CD4, CD5, and CD25, with CD7 and CD8 being negative. The immunophenotype was in keeping with ATLL, and serology was positive for human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1). The proviral load was measured at 60% (proportion of infected mononuclear cells). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed small, metabolically active lymph nodes in both axillae, measuring up to 11 mm, with SUV max 3.2, and bilateral inguinal nodes measuring up to 9 mm, with an SUV max of 4.2. Although the spleen was not enlarged, it had an SUV max of 3.9, which was higher than the liver background of 3.1, suggestive of splenic involvement. Hyposplenism is usually the result of splenectomy, splenic atrophy (as in celiac disease), or recurrent splenic infarction followed by atrophy and fibrosis (as in sickle cell disease). Functional hyposplenism can also result from splenic overload in acute hemolytic anemia. It is unusual to see hyposplenic features, such as Howell–Jolly bodies and target cells, in the presence of a normal-sized spleen. We postulate that in this patient, it resulted from lymphomatous infiltration with replacement of normal splenic tissue. With subsequent disease progression, the patient's spleen became palpable. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
The Eumelanin Human Skin Colour Scale: a proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Ophelia E. Dadzie, Rick A. Sturm, Damilola Fajuyigbe, Antoine Petit, Nina G. Jablonski
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

At present there is no standard nomenclature for describing the diversity of human constitutive skin colour.To develop a standard nomenclature to describe human constitutive skin colour.Monthly focus group discussions were carried out among a multidisciplinary group of specialists over a 7-month period. Topics covered were (i) limitations and unmet needs of current nomenclature(s) pertaining to human cutaneous diversity, (ii) practical considerations about the function and role of any proposed nomenclature pertaining to human cutaneous diversity, (iii) review of the cellular basis and current molecular genetic understanding of variation in human skin pigmentation and (iv) in vivo methods to evaluate human skin pigmentation. In addition, a preliminary review of the published literature was undertaken to collate data on published skin reflectance measurements, notably melanin index values for well-referenced human populations.We developed a five-point scale to describe the full spectrum of human constitutive skin colour, termed the Eumelanin Human Skin Colour Scale. The nomenclature of the scale uses eumelanin, the dominant chromophore of human skin, as a central descriptive word. The categories of the scale (nomenclature and melanin index values) are eumelanin low (EML), < 25; eumelanin intermediate low (EMIL), 25 to < 50; eumelanin intermediate (EMI), 50 to < 75; eumelanin intermediate high (EMIH), 75 to < 100; and eumelanin high (EH), ≥ 100.The Eumelanin Human Skin Colour Scale enables the complete range of human constitutive skin colour to be described in an objective, equitable and understandable manner. In future, this scale can be used as the basis for developing other scales that address the specific functional aspects of human skin, such as response to ultraviolet radiation.
Visualising health risks with medical imaging for changing recipients’ health behaviours and risk factors: Systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Gareth J. Hollands, Juliet A. Usher-Smith, Rana Hasan, Florence Alexander, Natasha Clarke, Simon J. Griffin
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

There is ongoing clinical and research interest in determining whether providing personalised risk information could motivate risk-reducing health behaviours. We aimed to assess the impact on behaviours and risk factors of feeding back to individuals' images of their bodies generated via medical imaging technologies in assessing their current disease status or risk.
WALKING IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE AFTER LOWER EXTREMITY REVASCULARIZATION
Authors: Shea Elizabeth Hogan, Mark Nehler, Sonia Anand, Manesh R. Patel, E. Sebastian Debus, Matthew T. Jackson, Cullen Buchanan, R. Wilson King, Eva Muehlhofer, Lloyd Haskell, Rupert Bauersachs, Scott D. Berkowitz, Judith A. Hsia, Marc P. Bonaca
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Activation of iNKT Cells at the Maternal–Fetal Interface Predisposes Offspring to Cardiac Injury
Authors: Dayan Cao, Ying Liu, Xin Chen, Jie Liu, Jie Liu, Wenjing Lai, Shuhui Li, Wenjia Wang, Wenjun Zhang, Deyong Xiao, Kai Yang, Baiyan Li, Zhongjun Zhou, Chen-Leng Cai, Xiaohui Li, Weinian Shou
Journal: Circulation (2022)
Changes in Suicidal Ingestion Among Preadolescent Children From 2000 to 2020
Authors: David C. Sheridan, Sara Grusing, Rebecca Marshall, Amber Lin, Adrienne R. Hughes, Robert G. Hendrickson, B. Zane Horowitz
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

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CONCOMITANT MYOCARDITIS AND AORTITIS IN A YOUNG MAN WITH HIV PRESENTING WITH SEVERE AORTIC REGURGITATION.
Authors: Ning Ajleaa Ngah, Valentina Puntmann, Hafisyatul Aiza Zainal Abidin, Ahmad Khairuddin Mohamed Yusof, Abdul Samad Sakijan, Emily Tan Lay Koon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
PROSTHETIC VALVE ENDOCARDITIS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TAVR: A STATE-OF-THE-ART SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Vikash Jaiswal, David Song, Kriti Lnu, Akash Jaiswal, Kevin Bryan Lo, Nirmit Patel, Mounika Reddy Vadiyala, Saloni Mitra, Shreya Pandey, XiongBin Lin, Dattatreya Mukherjee, Pooja Sethi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Adapting to their new home: Eosinophils remodel the gut architecture
Authors: Isabelle Catherine Arnold
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

In this issue of JEM, Diny et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210970) identify the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) as a key orchestrator of eosinophil tissue adaptation in the small intestine, controlling their lifespan, degranulation, and tissue-remodeling activities.
SARS-CoV-2–specific memory B cells can persist in the elderly who have lost detectable neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Anna Jeffery-Smith, Alice R. Burton, Sabela Lens, Chloe Rees-Spear, Jessica Davies, Monika Patel, Robin Gopal, Luke Muir, Felicity Aiano, Katie J. Doores, J. Yimmy Chow, Shamez N. Ladhani, Maria Zambon, Laura E. McCoy, Mala K. Maini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Memory B cells (MBCs) can provide a recall response able to supplement waning antibodies (Abs) with an affinity-matured response better able to neutralize variant viruses. We studied a cohort of elderly care home residents and younger staff (median age of 87 years and 56 years, respectively), who had survived COVID-19 outbreaks with only mild or asymptomatic infection. The cohort was selected because of its high proportion of individuals who had lost neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), thus allowing us to specifically investigate the reserve immunity from SARS-CoV-2-specific MBCs in this setting. Class-switched spike and receptor-binding domain (RBD) tetramer-binding MBCs persisted 5 months after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, irrespective of age. The majority of spike- and RBD-specific MBCs had a classical phenotype, but we found that activated MBCs, indicating possible ongoing antigenic stimulation or inflammation, were expanded in the elderly group. Spike- and RBD-specific MBCs remained detectable in the majority of individuals who had lost nAbs, although at lower frequencies and with a reduced IgG/IgA isotype ratio. Functional spike-, S1 subunit of the spike protein- (S1-), and RBD-specific recall was also detectable by enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay in some individuals who had lost nAbs, but was significantly impaired in the elderly. Our findings demonstrate that a reserve of SARS-CoV-2-specific MBCs persists beyond the loss of nAbs but highlight the need for careful monitoring of functional defects in spike- and RBD-specific B cell immunity in the elderly.
Prognostic significance of therapy-induced myelosuppression in newly diagnosed glioblastoma
Authors: Emilie Le Rhun, Felix Boakye Oppong, Maureen Vanlancker, Roger Stupp, Burt Nabors, Olivier Chinot, Wolfgang Wick, Matthias Preusser, Thierry Gorlia, Michael Weller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Myelosuppression is the major toxicity encountered during temozolomide chemoradiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma.We assessed the association of myelosuppression (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and lymphopenia) during temozolomide chemoradiotherapy alone or in combination with experimental agents with progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) in 2073 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma enrolled into five clinical trials: CENTRIC, CORE, EORTC 26082, AVAglio, and EORTC 26981. A landmark Cox model was used. For each primary association analysis, a significance level of 1.7% was used.Lower neutrophil counts at baseline were associated with better PFS (P = .011) and OS (P < .001), independently of steroid intake. Females experienced uniformly more myelotoxicity than males. Lymphopenia during concomitant chemoradiotherapy was associated with OS (P = .009): low-grade (1-2) lymphopenia might be associated with superior OS (HR 0.78, 98.3% CI 0.58-1.06), whereas high-grade (3-4) lymphopenia might be associated with inferior OS (HR 1.08, 98.3% CI 0.75-1.54). There were no associations of altered hematological parameters during concomitant chemoradiotherapy with PFS. During maintenance chemoradiotherapy, no significant association was found between any parameter of myelosuppression and PFS or OS, although exploratory analysis at 5% significance level indicated that either mild-to-moderate (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.93) or high-grade lymphopenia (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.92) was associated with superior OS (P = .013), but not PFS.The association of higher neutrophil counts at baseline with inferior PFS and OS requires further prospective evaluation. The link of therapy-induced lymphopenia to better outcome may guide the design for immunotherapy trials in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
INCIDENCE, PREDICTORS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF DEVICE-RELATED THROMBUS IN SUBJECTS UNDERGOING LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE OCCLUSION IN THE AMULET IDE TRIAL
Authors: Boris Schmidt, Neeraj N. Shah, William A. Gray, Sajjad Sabir, Scott Lim, Ulf Landmesser, Christopher R. Ellis, Vijendra Swarup, Alok Gambhir, David E. Thaler, Konstantinos P. Koulogiannis, Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron after vaccination of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lorenza Bellusci, Gabrielle Grubbs, Pragya Srivastava, Michael J. Nemeth, Elizabeth A. Griffiths, Hana Golding, Surender Khurana
Journal: Blood (2022)
Environmental Air Pollution and Olfactory Decline in Aging
Authors: Ingrid A. Ekström, Debora Rizzuto, Giulia Grande, Tom Bellander, Erika J. Laukka
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)

Olfactory impairment is increasingly common with older age, which may be in part explained by cumulative effects of exposure to inhaled toxins. However, population-based studies investigating the relationship between air pollution and olfactory ability are scarce.We aimed to investigate associations between exposure to common air pollutants and longitudinal change in odor identification.Our study of 2,468 participants (mean age=72.3y; 61.1% female), of which 1,774 participants (mean age=70.5y; 61.9% female) had at least two olfactory assessments over 12 y of follow-up from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), Stockholm, Sweden. Participants were free from cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disease at baseline. Odor identification ability was assessed with Sniffin' Sticks. Change in olfactory performance was estimated with linear mixed models. Exposure to two major airborne pollutants [particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)] for the 5 y preceding baseline was assessed using spatiotemporal dispersion models for outdoor levels at residential addresses.Participants showed significant decline in odor identification ability for each year in the study {β=-0.20 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.22, 0.18; p<0.001]}. After adjustment for all covariates, residents of third [β=-0.09 (95% CI: -0.14, -0.04; p<0.001)] and fourth [β=-0.07 (95% CI: -0.12, -0.02; p=0.005)] exposure quartiles of PM2.5 had faster rates of olfactory decline than residents from the first quartile. Similar results were observed for the third [β=-0.05 (95% CI: -0.10, -0.01; p=0.029)] and fourth [β=-0.07 (95% CI: -0.11, -0.02; p=0.006) quartiles of NOx].Our results suggest an association between air pollution exposure and subsequent olfactory decline. We speculate that cumulative effects of airborne pollutants on the olfactory system may be one underlying cause of olfactory impairment in aging. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9563.
Gender Parity in Authorship of Published Randomized Clinical Trials in Stroke Neurology From 2000 to 2021
Authors: Noor F. Shaik, Ali A. Saherwala, Diana L. Tzeng
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

high impact factor.In addition, the lower percentage of unique last author names among men vs among women may indicate that a select few males authored multiple studies.The reduction in female authorship in 2020 may also reflect unique consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic as disproportionately affecting female researchers.A limitation of this study is that the results were based on gender associated with names in a binary fashion.Overall, although trends in academic research are beginning to reflect the increasing prevalence of female neurologists, there is still work to be done to promote gender parity in encouraging female authorship both as senior authors and in high-impact journals.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Authors: Esther de Boer, Irina Petrache, Michael P. Mohning
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mechanistic and Clinical Overview Cardiovascular Toxicity of BRAF and MEK Inhibitors
Authors: Claire Glen, Yun Yi Tan, Ashita Waterston, Thomas R. Jeffry Evans, Robert J. Jones, Mark C. Petrie, Ninian N. Lang
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2022)

Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma B-type (BRAF) and mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitors have revolutionized melanoma treatment. Approximately half of patients with melanoma harbor a BRAF gene mutation with subsequent dysregulation of the RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Targeting this pathway with BRAF and MEK blockade results in control of cell proliferation and, in most cases, disease control. These pathways also have cardioprotective effects and are necessary for normal vascular and cardiac physiology. BRAF and MEK inhibitors are associated with adverse cardiovascular effects including hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, venous thromboembolism, atrial arrhythmia, and electrocardiographic QT interval prolongation. These effects may be underestimated in clinical trials. Baseline cardiovascular assessment and follow-up, including serial imaging and blood pressure assessment, are essential to balance optimal anti-cancer therapy while minimizing cardiovascular side effects. In this review, an overview of BRAF/MEK inhibitor-induced cardiovascular toxicity, the mechanisms underlying these, and strategies for surveillance, prevention, and treatment of these effects are provided.
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS USED TO FACILITATE FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA (FH) DETECTION IN GENETICALLY-CONFIRMED FH
Authors: Niekbachsh Mohammadnia, Ralph K. Akyea, Willem Arnoud Bax, Nadeem Qureshi, J.H. Cornel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)