tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Suicide in Japan During the COVID-19 Pandemic vs Previous Years
Authors: Haruka Sakamoto, Masahiro Ishikane, Cyrus Ghaznavi, Peter Ueda
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> There are concerns that suicide rates may have increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess whether suicide rates in Japan increased in April through November 2020 compared with previous years. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study used national data obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare from 2016 to 2020 on the monthly number of individuals who died of suicide in Japan from January to November of 2016 to 2020. <h3>Exposure</h3> 2020 vs previous years. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The main outcome was monthly suicide rates, calculated as the number of individuals who died of suicide divided by the total population. A difference-in-difference regression model was used to estimate the change in monthly suicide rates in April to November 2020 vs these months in 2016 to 2019. <h3>Results</h3> Analyses included 90 048 individuals (61 366 [68.1%] men) who died of suicide from 2016 to 2020. The difference-in-difference analysis of men showed that there was no increase in suicide rates from April through September 2020 compared with these months in 2016 to 2019, but that suicide rates were increased in October (difference-in-difference, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.67] suicide deaths per 100 000 population) and November (difference-in-difference, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.60] suicide deaths per 100 000 population). Among women, suicide rates in 2020 compared with 2016 to 2019 increased in July (difference-in-difference, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.09 to 0.38] suicide deaths per 100 000 population), August (difference-in-difference, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.16 to 0.45] suicide deaths per 100 000 population), September (difference-in-difference, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.44] suicide deaths per 100 000 population), October (difference-in-difference, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.48 to 0.77] suicide deaths per 100 000 population), and November (difference-in-difference, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.44] suicide deaths per 100 000 population). In secondary analyses in which the suicide rates of 2020 were compared with the expected rates based on trends from 2011 to 2019, the increases in suicide rates were most pronounced among men aged younger than 30 years (eg, November: observed vs expected rate ratio [RR], 1.48 [95% CI, 1.26-1.71]) and women aged younger than 30 years (eg, October: observed vs expected RR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.76 to 2.52]) and 30 to 49 years (eg, October: observed vs expected RR, 2.30 [95% CI, 2.01 to 2.58]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that compared with previous years, suicide rates in Japan in 2020 increased in October and November for men and in July through November for women.
The Evolution of <i>euAPETALA2</i> Genes in Vascular Plants: From Plesiomorphic Roles in Sporangia to Acquired Functions in Ovules and Fruits
Authors: Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona, Natalia Pabón-Mora, Barbara A Ambrose
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

The field of evolutionary developmental biology can help address how morphological novelties evolve, a key question in evolutionary biology. In Arabidopsis thaliana, APETALA2 (AP2) plays a role in the development of key plant innovations including seeds, flowers, and fruits. AP2 belongs to the AP2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR family which has members in all viridiplantae, making it one of the oldest and most diverse gene lineages. One key subclade, present across vascular plants is the euAPETALA2 (euAP2) clade, whose founding member is AP2. We reconstructed the evolution of the euAP2 gene lineage in vascular plants to better understand its impact on the morphological evolution of plants, identifying seven major duplication events. We also performed spatiotemporal expression analyses of euAP2/TOE3 genes focusing on less explored vascular plant lineages, including ferns, gymnosperms, early diverging angiosperms and early diverging eudicots. Altogether, our data suggest that euAP2 genes originally contributed to spore and sporangium development, and were subsequently recruited to ovule, fruit and floral organ development. Finally, euAP2 protein sequences are highly conserved; therefore, changes in the role of euAP2 homologs during development are most likely due to changes in regulatory regions.
Abstract 14736: Prevalence of Short Stature and Growth Hormone Deficiency and Factors Associated With Short Stature in Patients After Fontan Surgery
Authors: Shun Matsumura, Akiko Yana, Seiko Kuwata, Clara Kurishima, Hirofumi Saiki, Yoichi Iwamoto, Kenji Sugamoto, Hirotaka Ishido, Satoshi Masutani, Hideaki Senzaki
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Fontan circulation is characterized by many features commonly observed in heart failure, which may affect physical growth of patients with or without pituitary gland dysfunction. The pu...
Abstract 16038: How Patients Value Different Treatment Goals and Outcomes in Peripheral Artery Disease Outcomes: Insights From the PORTRAIT Registry
Authors: Jeremy B Provance, John A Spertus, Carole Decker, Kim G Smolderen
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a complex condition that requires different interventions to mitigate patients’ cardiovascular risk and to improve their health stat...
Detailed analysis of Japanese patients with adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency reveals characteristic elevation of type II interferon signature and STAT1 hyperactivation
Authors: Hiroshi Nihira, Kazushi Izawa, Moeko Ito, Hiroaki Umebayashi, Tsubasa Okano, Shunsuke Kajikawa, Etsuro Nanishi, Dai Keino, Kosaku Murakami, Masahiko Isa-Nishitani, Takeshi Shiba, Yoshitaka Honda, Atsushi Hijikata, Tadateru Yasu, Tomohiro Kubota, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Yusuke Kawashima, Naoko Nakano, Hidetoshi Takada, Shouichi Ohga, Toshio Heike, Junko Takita, Osamu Ohara, Syuji Takei, Makio Takahashi, Hirokazu Kanegane, Tomohiro Morio, Sachiko Iwaki-Egawa, Yoji Sasahara, Ryuta Nishikomori, Takahiro Yasumi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Airway epithelial protocadherin-1 expression is regulated by house-dust mite and cigarette smoke exposure in mice
Authors: Martijn Nawijn, Henk Koning, Uilke Brouwer, Lisette den Boef, Machteld Hylkema, Dirkje Postma, Gerard Koppelman, Antoon van Oosterhout
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Recently, we identified Protocadherin-1 ( PCDH1 ) as a novel susceptibility gene for Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness (BHR).  PCDH1  is expressed in airway epithelial cells and encodes two isoforms of a protocadherin transmembrane protein. We aim to get insight into PCDH1 function in airway epithelial cells in relation to BHR. Therefore, we analyzed  in vivo  regulation of  Pcdh1  isoforms in lung under basal conditions and in mouse models of short-term cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and house-dust mite (HDM) driven experimental asthma.  Pcdh1  gene-structure was investigated by Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE). Pcdh1 expression was investigated by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry using isoform-specific antibodies.  We identified a novel isoform of Pcdh1 lacking the transmembrane domain but retaining the intracellular signalling motifs, indicating a novel function as signalling adapter molecule. Bronchial epithelial cells expressed all isoforms of Pcdh1, while airway smooth muscle only expressed the isoforms encoding the signal transduction domains. Surprisingly, Pcdh1 expression was unaffected during HDM-exposures, but increased after termination of the treatment, indicating a putative role in epithelial repair. In strong contrast,  Pcdh1  mRNA expression was markedly reduced by CS exposure, as soon as 6 hours after a single exposure. These latter data are especially of interest given the initial identification of linkage to the  PCDH1  region in CS-exposed families. We conclude that CS-induced changes in airway epithelium directly affect Pcdh1 expression levels, and hypothesize that PCDH1 regulation contributes to the epithelial response to CS-induced injury.
Adaptations in gastrointestinal physiology after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Nele Steenackers, Tim Vanuytsel, Patrick Augustijns, Jan Tack, Ann Mertens, Matthias Lannoo, Bart Van der Schueren, Christophe Matthys
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2021)
Premalignant Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Stall in a Heterogeneous State of Replication Stress Prior to Gliomagenesis
Authors: Matthew D. Sutcliffe, Rui P. Galvao, Lixin Wang, Jungeun Kim, Lauren K. Rosenfeld, Shambhavi Singh, Hui Zong, Kevin A. Janes
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Cancer evolves from premalignant clones that adopt unusual cell states to achieve transformation. We previously pinpointed the oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) as a cell of origin for glioma, but the early changes of mutant OPCs during premalignancy remained unknown. Using mice engineered for inducible Nf1-Trp53 loss in OPCs, we acutely isolated labeled mutant OPCs by laser-capture microdissection, determined global gene-expression changes by bulk RNA sequencing, and compared with cell-state fluctuations at the single-cell level by stochastic profiling, which uses RNA-sequencing measurements from random pools of 10 mutant cells. At 12 days after Nf1-Trp53 deletion, bulk differences were mostly limited to mitotic hallmarks and genes for ribosome biosynthesis, and stochastic profiling revealed a spectrum of stem-progenitor (Axl, Aldh1a1), proneural, and mesenchymal states as potential starting points for gliomagenesis. At 90 days, bulk sequencing detected few differentially expressed transcripts, whereas stochastic profiling revealed cell states for neurons and mural cells that do not give rise to glial tumors, suggesting cellular dead-ends for gliomagenesis. Importantly, mutant OPCs that strongly expressed key effectors of nonsense-mediated decay (Upf3b) and homology-dependent DNA repair (Rad51c, Slx1b, Ercc4) were identified along with DNA-damage markers, suggesting transcription-associated replication stress. Analysis of 10-cell transcriptomes at 90 days identified a locus of elevated gene expression containing an additional repair endonuclease (Mus81) and Rin1, a Ras-Raf antagonist and possible counterbalance to Nf1 loss, which was microdeleted or downregulated in gliomas at 150 days. These hidden cell-state variations uncover replication stress as a potential bottleneck that must be resolved for glioma initiation. Significance: Profiling premalignant cell states in a mouse model of glioma uncovers regulatory heterogeneity in glioma cells-of-origin and defines a state of replication stress that precedes tumor initiation. See related articles by Singh and colleagues, p. 1840 and Schaff and colleagues, p. 1853
Abraxane-induced bone marrow CD11b<sup>+</sup> myeloid cell depletion in tumor-bearing mice is visualized by μPET-CT with <sup>64</sup>Cu-labeled anti-CD11b and prevented by anti-CSF-1
Authors: Qizhen Cao, Qian Huang, Y Alan Wang, Chun Li
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

To investigate the utility of noninvasive µPET-CT with
Choices in Health Policy: An Agenda for the European Union
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Chapter 1 Challenges to health. Chapter 2 The health care context. Chapter 3 Cost containment and health care reforms. Chapter 4 Outcomes management and technology assessment. Chapter 5 Establishing priorities in practice. Chapter 6 Systematic approaches to establishing priorities. Chapter 7 Preventive interventions and health promotion. Chapter 8 Migrants and ethnic minorities. Chapter 9 Proposals for the future role of the Community. Annexes: official priorities of Member States recommendations on the role of community Institutions.
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older — United States, 2020
Authors: Mark S. Freedman, Paul Hunter, Kevin Ault, Andrew Kroger
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

At its October 2019 meeting, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)* voted to recommend approval of the 2020 Recommended U.S. Adult Immunization Schedule for Persons Aged 19 Years and Older. The 2020 adult immunization schedule, available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/index.html,
In inpatients with COVID-19, none of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, or interferon β-1a differed from standard care for in-hospital mortality
Authors: Raina Zhang, Eleftherios Mylonakis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Source CitationPan H, Peto R, Henao-Restrepo AM, et al. Repurposed antiviral drugs for Covid-19—interim WHO Solidarity Trial results. N Engl J Med. 2020. [Epub ahead of print.] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33264556/AbstractClinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Infectious Disease: Critical Care:
Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Pankti D. Reid, Adam S. Cifu, Anne R. Bass
Journal: JAMA (2021)

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the National Comprehensive Cancer Network's 2019 guidelines on management of immunotherapy-related toxicities, including adverse skin reaction, colitis, and myocarditis.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Oral Anticoagulation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Dominick J. Angiolillo, Shaun G. Goodman, Deepak L. Bhatt, John W. Eikelboom, Matthew J. Price, David J. Moliterno, Christopher P. Cannon, Jean-Francois Tanguay, Christopher B. Granger, Laura Mauri, David R. Holmes, C. Michael Gibson, David P. Faxon
Journal: Circulation (2018)

The optimal antithrombotic treatment regimen for patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation represents a challenge in clinical practice. In 2016, an updated opinion of selected experts from the United States and Canada on the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention was reported. After the 2016 North American consensus statement on the management of antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, results of pivotal clinical trials assessing the type of oral anticoagulant agent and the duration of antiplatelet treatment have been published. On the basis of these results, this focused update on the antithrombotic management of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention recommends that a non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant be preferred over a vitamin K antagonist as the oral anticoagulant of choice. Moreover, a double-therapy regimen (oral anticoagulant plus single antiplatelet therapy with a P2Y 12 inhibitor) by the time of hospital discharge should be considered for most patients, whereas extending the use of aspirin beyond hospital discharge (ie, triple therapy) should be considered only for selected patients at high ischemic/thrombotic and low bleeding risks and for a limited period of time. The present document provides a focused updated on the rationale for the new expert consensus–derived recommendations on the antithrombotic management of patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
Covid-19: More young children are being infected in Israel and Italy, emerging data suggest
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19: More young children are being infected in Israel and Italy, emerging data suggest Michael DayExperts have warned that schools must be reopened with caution, amid emerging evidence from Israel and Italy that more young children are being infected with new variants of covid-19.Paediatricians in Israel, which has surged ahead in vaccinating its adult population, reported a sharp rise in covid-19 infections among young people, with more than 50 000 children and teens testing positive in January-more than Israel saw in any month during the first and second waves.Yuli Edelstein, health minister, told the Jerusalem Post, "We got a letter from the Israeli Association of Paediatrics that says they are very worried about the rate of disease in younger students."Some experts in Israel said that the rise in child cases was due to the emergence of the more contagious UK variant, which has spread more easily among younger age groups.Cyrille Cohen, head of the laboratory of Immunotherapy at Israel's Bar-Ilan University and member of the country's national covid-19 vaccine clinical trial advisory committee, told The BMJ that his figures indicated that, since the emergence of the UK variant B1.1.7 in Israel in mid-December, the proportion of new daily cases accounted for by children aged under 10 had risen by nearly a quarter (23%).Cohen urged caution over schools reopening."Though I am convinced that education should be the first sector to open up because of its importance, it is my personal opinion that we should still reopen gradually . . .until we understand better the infection pattern of this new variant," he said.He said that no evidence yet showed the new variant to be more dangerous to children, but he noted that in January Israel had opened its first special covid-19 intensive care unit for children, admitting four or five children.
Predicting recurrence of respiratory failure in critically ill patients with COVID-19: A preliminary study : Running head: Factors predicting respiratory failure in COVID-19
Authors: Adachi Y, Shiroyama T, Yamaguchi Y, Murakami T, Hirata H, Amiya S, Niitsu T, Noda Y, Hara R, Enomoto T, Morita T, Kato Y, Uchiyama A, Takeda Y, Kumanogoh A
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)
Molecular targeted therapies and precision medicine for children with neuroblastoma and other refractory malignancies
Authors: Michelle Haber, Laura Gamble, Lin Xiao, Ruby Pandher, Klaartje Somers, Jayne Murray, Aaminah Khan, Denise Yu, Laura Franshaw, Mark R Burns, Maria Tsoli, Anahid Ehteda, Anthony Cesare, Aisling O'Connor, Francis Mussai, Carmela de Santo, Paul Cheng, Lioubov Korotchkina, Katerina Gurova, Vanessa Tyrrell, Emily Mould, Loretta Lau, Anh Khuong Quang Dong, Chelsea Mayoh, Greg Arndt, Paulette Barahona, Tim Failes, Jamie Fletcher, Noemi Fuentes-Bolanos, Marie-Emilie Gauthier, Andrew Gifford, Dylan Grebert-Wade, Alvin Kamili, Amit Kumar, Sumanth Nagabushan, Tracey O'Brien, Patrick Strong, Alexandra Sherstyuk, David Thomas, Toby Trahair, Katherine Tucker, Meera Warby, Marie Wong, Jinhan Xie, Kathryn Evans, Richard Lock, Olga B Chernova, Michelle Henderson, Andrei V Gudkov, Paul Ekert, Mark J Cowley, Glenn M Marshall, David S Ziegler, Murray D Norris
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)
Development of rapid advice guideline and standard and continuous updating guideline: experiences and practice
Authors: Ying-Hui Jin, Xiao-Mei Yao, Xian-Tao Zeng
Journal: Military Medical Research (2021)

Abstract We published rapid advice guidelines and updated guidelines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) management on February 6, 2020, and September 4, 2020, respectively. These two guidelines vary widely in their developmental background, type of evidence, grade of recommendation and so on. We shared our experience for the development of these two guidelines to help clinical practitioners better understand and implement guidelines and to help guideline developers facilitate communication and discussion for guideline development during the pandemic.
Healthcare-associated infections in home healthcare: an extensive assessment, 2019
Authors: Ana Hoxha, Els Duysburgh, Laure Mortgat
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2021)

Introduction The number of patients and clinical conditions treated in home healthcare (HHC) is increasing. Care in home settings presents many challenges, including healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Currently, in Belgium, data and guidelines on the topic are lacking. Aim To develop a definition of HAI in HHC and investigate associated risk factors and recommendations for infection prevention and control (IPC). Methods The study included three components: a scoping literature review, in-depth interviews with individuals involved in HHC and a two-round Delphi survey to reach consensus among key informants on the previous steps’ results. Results The literature review included 47 publications. We conducted 21 in-depth interviews. The Delphi survey’s two rounds had 21 and 23 participants, respectively. No standard definition was broadly accepted or known. Evidence on associated risk factors was impacted by methodological limitations and recommendations were inconsistent. Agreement was reached on defining HAI in HHC as any infection specifically linked with providing care that develops in a patient receiving HHC from a professional healthcare worker and occurs ≥ 48 hours after starting HHC. Risk factors were hand hygiene, untrained patients and caregivers, patients’ hygiene and presence and management of invasive devices. Agreed recommendations were to adapt and standardise existing IPC guidelines to HHC and to perform a national point prevalence study to measure the burden of HAI in HHC. Conclusions This study offers an overview of available evidence and field knowledge of HAI in HHC. It provides a framework for a prevalence study, future monitoring policies and guidelines on IPC in Belgium.
TorsinA restoration in a mouse model identifies a critical therapeutic window for DYT1 dystonia
Authors: Jay Li, Daniel S. Levin, Audrey J. Kim, Samuel S. Pappas, William T. Dauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

In inherited neurodevelopmental diseases, pathogenic processes unique to critical periods during early brain development may preclude the effectiveness of gene modification therapies applied later in life. We explored this question in a mouse model of DYT1 dystonia, a neurodevelopmental disease caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the TOR1A gene encoding torsinA. To define the temporal requirements for torsinA in normal motor function and gene replacement therapy, we developed a mouse line enabling spatiotemporal control of the endogenous torsinA allele. Suppressing torsinA during embryogenesis caused dystonia-mimicking behavioral and neuropathological phenotypes. Suppressing torsinA during adulthood, however, elicited no discernible abnormalities, establishing an essential requirement for torsinA during a developmental critical period. The developing CNS exhibited a parallel "therapeutic critical period" for torsinA repletion. Although restoring torsinA in juvenile DYT1 mice rescued motor phenotypes, there was no benefit from adult torsinA repletion. These data establish a unique requirement for torsinA in the developing nervous system and demonstrate that the critical period genetic insult provokes permanent pathophysiology mechanistically delinked from torsinA function. These findings imply that to be effective, torsinA-based therapeutic strategies must be employed early in the course of DYT1 dystonia.