tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Racial/ethnic disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence and mortality rates in the United States, 1992–2018
Authors: Christian S. Alvarez, Jessica L. Petrick, Dominick Parisi, Brian J. McMahon, Barry I. Graubard, Katherine A. McGlynn
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

HCC is characterized by racial/ethnic disparities in rates. Recent USA reports suggest that incidence has begun to decline, but it is not clear whether the declines have occurred among all groups, nor whether mortality has declined. Thus, the current study examined USA incidence and mortality between 1992 and 2018.HCC incidence and incidence-based mortality data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program were used to calculate age-standardized rates by race/ethnicity, sex, and age. Trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC). Age-period-cohort models assessed the effects on trends of age, calendar period, and birth cohort. Overall, HCC incidence significantly declined between 2015 and 2018 (APC, -5.6%). Whereas most groups experienced incidence declines, the trends were most evident among Asians/Pacific Islanders, women, and persons <50 years old. Exceptions were the rates among non-Hispanic Black persons, which did not significantly decline (APC, -0.7), and among American Indians/Alaska Natives, which significantly increased (APC, +4.3%). Age-period-cohort modeling found that birth cohort had a greater effect on rates than calendar period. Among the baby boom cohorts, the 1950-1954 cohort had the highest rates. Similar to the overall incidence decline, HCC mortality rates declined between 2013 and 2018 (APC, -2.2%).HCC incidence and mortality rates began to decline for most groups in 2015, but persistent differences in rates continued to exist. Rates among non-Hispanic Black persons did not decline significantly, and rates among American Indians/Alaska Natives significantly increased, suggesting that greater effort is needed to reduce the HCC burden among these vulnerable groups.
27645 Health-related quality of life and economic burden of prurigo nodularis
Authors: Katherine Whang, Thomas Le, Raveena Khanna, Kyle Williams, Youkyung Sophie Roh, Nishadh Sutaria, Justin Choi, Sylvie Gabriel, Rajeev Chavda, Yevgeniy Semenov, Shawn Kwatra
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Airway Sensory Nerve Density Is Increased in Chronic Cough
Authors: Clare O. Shapiro, Becky J. Proskocil, Laura J. Oppegard, Emily D. Blum, Nicole L. Kappel, Christopher H. Chang, Allison D. Fryer, David B. Jacoby, Richard W. Costello, Matthew G. Drake
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

Rationale: Chronic cough is characterized by frequent urges to cough and a heightened sensitivity to inhaled irritants. Airway sensory nerves trigger cough. We hypothesized that sensory nerve density is increased in chronic cough, which may contribute to excessive and persistent coughing.Objectives: To measure airway nerve density (axonal length) and complexity (nerve branching, neuropeptide expression) in humans with and without chronic cough.Methods: Bronchoscopic human airway biopsies were immunolabeled for nerves and the sensory neuropeptide substance P. Eosinophil peroxidase was also quantified given previous reports showing associations between eosinophils and nerve density. Three-dimensional image z-stacks of epithelium and subepithelium were generated using confocal microscopy, and from these z-stacks, total nerve length, the number of nerve branch points, substance P expression, and eosinophil peroxidase were quantified within each airway compartment.Measurements and Main Results: Nerve length and the number of branch points were significantly increased in epithelium, but not subepithelium, in chronic cough compared with healthy airways. Substance P expression was scarce and was similar in chronic cough and healthy airways. Nerve length and branching were not associated with eosinophil peroxidase nor with demographics such as age and sex in either group.Conclusions: Airway epithelial sensory nerve density is increased in chronic cough, suggesting sensory neuroplasticity contributes to cough hypersensitivity.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with Reed–Sternberg-like cells vs Classic Hodgkin lymphoma transformation of CLL: does this distinction matter?
Authors: Rebecca L. King, Alia Gupta, Paul J. Kurtin, Wei Ding, Timothy G. Call, Kari G. Rabe, Saad S. Kenderian, Jose F. Leis, Yucai Wang, Susan M. Schwager, Susan L. Slager, Neil. E. Kay, Amber Koehler, Stephen M. Ansell, David J. Inwards, Thomas M. Habermann, Min Shi, Curtis A. Hanson, Matthew T. Howard, Sameer A. Parikh
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2022)

Abstract The distinction between chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) with isolated Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg cells (CLL-HRS; background milieu with a paucity of inflammatory cells) and overt transformation to classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CLL-HL; mixed inflammatory background) is incompletely understood. This retrospective study examined the clinicopathologic features of CLL-HRS ( n = 15) and CLL-HL ( n = 31) patients seen over the past three decades from a single institution. The phenotypic features of Reed–Sternberg cells in both groups were similar, including expression of CD30, CD15, and PAX5, as well as EBV status. However, a spectrum of background CLL/SLL infiltration amongst the HRS cells was noted on pathologic review, and four patients had both diagnoses, either concurrently or in succession. The median overall survival (OS) of patients with CLL-HRS was 17.5 months compared to 33.5 months for patients with CLL-HL ( P = 0.24). Among patients with CLL-HRS, those who received Hodgkin-directed therapy had a significantly longer median OS (57 months) compared to those who received CLL-directed therapy (8.4 months, P = 0.02). Our clinical and pathologic findings suggest a biologic continuum between CLL-HRS and CLL-HL and indicate that CLL-HRS patients may benefit from Hodgkin-directed therapy.
Challenges in the Design, Registration, and Reporting of Noninferiority Trials
Authors: Rolf H. H. Groenwold, Eibert R. Heerdink, Olaf H. Klungel
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
BBS volume 7 issue 3 Cover and Back matter
Authors: D Dennett, J Fodor, C Gallistel, J Gibson, S Gould, R Gregory, R Herrnstein, D Hofstadter, H Putnam, Z Pylyshyn, W Quine, R Schank, W Sellars, P Teitelbaum, Stevan Harnad, Owen Flanagan, Patricia Churchland, Fred Dretske, David Olson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1984)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Sortilin drives hypertension by modulating sphingolipid/ceramide homeostasis and by triggering oxidative stress
Authors: Fahimeh Varzideh, Stanislovas S. Jankauskas, Urna Kansakar, Pasquale Mone, Jessica Gambardella, Gaetano Santulli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

Sortilin is a glycoprotein mainly known for its role as a trafficking molecule directing proteins to specific secretory or endocytic compartments of the cell. Its actual contribution to essential hypertension has remained hitherto elusive. Combining top-notch in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro approaches to clinical investigations, Di Pietro et al. explored the signaling pathway evoked by sortilin in endothelial cells and report on such exploration in this issue of the JCI. The researchers identified circulating sortilin as a biomarker associated with high blood pressure. Mechanistically, they demonstrate that sortilin altered sphingolipid/ceramide homeostasis, initiating a signaling cascade that, from sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), leads to the augmented production of reactive oxygen species. Herein, we discuss the main implications of these findings, and we anticipate some of the potential avenues of investigation prompted by this discovery, which could eventually lead to treatments for cardiometabolic disorders.
Oxygen Ion Implantation Improving Cell Adhesion on Titanium Surfaces through Increased Attraction of Fibronectin PHSRN Domain
Authors: Miusi Shi, Wenting Mo, Haoning Qi, Yueqi Ni, Rui Wang, Kailun Shen, Fanyu Zhang, Shuting Jiang, Xuehui Zhang, Lili Chen, Yufeng Zhang, Xuliang Deng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Mechanistic understanding of fibronectin (FN) adsorption which determines cell adhesion on cell–implant interfaces is significant for improving the osteoconduction and soft‐tissue healing of implants. Here, it is shown that the adsorption behavior of FN on the titanium oxide surface (TiO 2 ) is highly relative to its Pro‐His‐Ser‐Arg‐Asn (PHSRN) peptide. FN lacking PHSRN fails to bind to surfaces, resulting in inhibited cell adhesion and spreading. Molecular dynamics simulation shows higher affinity and greater adsorption energy of PHSRN peptide with TiO 2 surface due to the stronger hydrogen bonds formed by the serine and arginine residues with O ion of the substrate. Finally, by increasing O content in TiO 2 surfaces through O ion‐beam implantation, improving the cell adhesion, cell differentiation, and the subsequent biomineralization on titanium implant is realized. This study reveals the vital role of PHSRN in FN‐mediated cell adhesion on implant surfaces, providing a promising new target for further tissue integration and implant success.
p38 signaling inhibits mTORC1-independent autophagy in senescent human CD8+ T cells
Authors: Sian M. Henson, Alessio Lanna, Natalie E. Riddell, Ornella Franzese, Richard Macaulay, Stephen J. Griffiths, Daniel J. Puleston, Alexander Scarth Watson, Anna Katharina Simon, Sharon A. Tooze, Arne N. Akbar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

T cell senescence is thought to contribute to immune function decline, but the pathways that mediate senescence in these cells are not clear. Here, we evaluated T cell populations from healthy volunteers and determined that human CD8+ effector memory T cells that reexpress the naive T cell marker CD45RA have many characteristics of cellular senescence, including decreased proliferation, defective mitochondrial function, and elevated levels of both ROS and p38 MAPK. Despite their apparent senescent state, we determined that these cells secreted high levels of both TNF-α and IFN-γ and showed potent cytotoxic activity. We found that the senescent CD45RA-expressing population engaged anaerobic glycolysis to generate energy for effector functions. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling in senescent CD8+ T cells increased their proliferation, telomerase activity, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fitness; however, the extra energy required for these processes did not arise from increased glucose uptake or oxidative phosphorylation. Instead, p38 MAPK blockade in these senescent cells induced an increase in autophagy through enhanced interactions between p38 interacting protein (p38IP) and autophagy protein 9 (ATG9) in an mTOR-independent manner. Together, our findings describe fundamental metabolic requirements of senescent primary human CD8+ T cells and demonstrate that p38 MAPK blockade reverses senescence via an mTOR-independent pathway.
Microfluidic Biomaterials
Authors: Joe Tien, Yoseph W. Dance
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Since their initial description in 2005, biomaterials that are patterned to contain microfluidic networks (“microfluidic biomaterials”) have emerged as promising scaffolds for a variety of tissue engineering and related applications. This class of materials is characterized by the ability to be readily perfused. Transport and exchange of solutes within microfluidic biomaterials is governed by convection within channels and diffusion between channels and the biomaterial bulk. Numerous strategies have been developed for creating microfluidic biomaterials, including micromolding, photopatterning, and 3D printing. In turn, these materials have been used in many applications that benefit from the ability to perfuse a scaffold, including the engineering of blood and lymphatic microvessels, epithelial tubes, and cell‐laden tissues. This article reviews the current state of the field and suggests new areas of exploration for this unique class of materials.
2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria for minimal, moderate, and major clinical response in adult dermatomyositis and polymyositis
Authors: Rohit Aggarwal, Lisa G Rider, Nicolino Ruperto, Nastaran Bayat, Brian Erman, Brian M Feldman, Chester V Oddis, Anthony A Amato, Hector Chinoy, Robert G Cooper, Maryam Dastmalchi, David Fiorentino, David Isenberg, James D Katz, Andrew Mammen, Marianne de Visser, Steven R Ytterberg, Ingrid E Lundberg, Lorinda Chung, Katalin Danko, Ignacio García-De la Torre, Yeong Wook Song, Luca Villa, Mariangela Rinaldi, Howard Rockette, Peter A Lachenbruch, Frederick W Miller, Jiri Vencovsky
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

To develop response criteria for adult dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM). Expert surveys, logistic regression, and conjoint analysis were used to develop 287 definitions using core set measures. Myositis experts rated greater improvement among multiple pairwise scenarios in conjoint analysis surveys, where different levels of improvement in 2 core set measures were presented. The PAPRIKA (Potentially All Pairwise Rankings of All Possible Alternatives) method determined the relative weights of core set measures and conjoint analysis definitions. The performance characteristics of the definitions were evaluated on patient profiles using expert consensus (gold standard) and were validated using data from a clinical trial. The nominal group technique was used to reach consensus. Consensus was reached for a conjoint analysis-based continuous model using absolute per cent change in core set measures (physician, patient, and extramuscular global activity, muscle strength, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and muscle enzyme levels). A total improvement score (range 0–100), determined by summing scores for each core set measure, was based on improvement in and relative weight of each core set measure. Thresholds for minimal, moderate, and major improvement were ≥20, ≥40, and ≥60 points in the total improvement score. The same criteria were chosen for juvenile DM, with different improvement thresholds. Sensitivity and specificity in DM/PM patient cohorts were 85% and 92%, 90% and 96%, and 92% and 98% for minimal, moderate, and major improvement, respectively. Definitions were validated in the clinical trial analysis for differentiating the physician rating of improvement (p&lt;0.001). The response criteria for adult DM/PM consisted of the conjoint analysis model based on absolute per cent change in 6 core set measures, with thresholds for minimal, moderate, and major improvement.
Commentary
Authors: Andrea Anderloni
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

The diagnosis of common bile duct (CBD) stones has usually been made by previous ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or endoscopic ultrasonography. Nevertheless, in some cases the biliary stones are not clearly visible at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, even after multiple passages with a Dormia basket or ballon extractor. This might be explained by possible spontaneous migration of CBD stones or by a quick passage of stones during the extraction maneuver, that precludes their visualization.
<i>Bacteroides acidifaciens</i> in the gut plays a protective role against CD95-mediated liver injury
Authors: Hesuiyuan Wang, Qing Wang, Chengmao Yang, Mingming Guo, Xiaoyue Cui, Zhe Jing, Yujie Liu, Wanjin Qiao, Hang Qi, Hongyang Zhang, Xu Zhang, Na Zhao, Mengjuan Zhang, Min Chen, Song Zhang, Haijin Xu, Liqing Zhao, Mingqiang Qiao, Zhenzhou Wu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

The intestinal flora plays an important role in the development of many human and animal diseases. Microbiome association studies revealed the potential regulatory function of intestinal bacteria in many liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis. However, the key intestinal bacterial strains that affect pathological liver injury and the underlying functional mechanisms remain unclear. We found that the gut microbiota from gentamycin (Gen)-treated mice significantly alleviated concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury compared to vancomycin (Van)-treated mice by inhibiting CD95 expression on the surface of hepatocytes and reducing CD95/CD95L-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis. Through the combination of microbiota sequencing and correlation analysis, we isolated 5 strains with the highest relative abundance, Bacteroides acidifaciens (BA), Parabacteroides distasonis (PD), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT), Bacteroides dorei (BD) and Bacteroides uniformis (BU), from the feces of Gen-treated mice. Only BA played a protective role against ConA-induced liver injury. Further studies demonstrated that BA-reconstituted mice had reduced CD95/CD95L signaling, which was required for the decrease in the L-glutathione/glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio observed in the liver. BA-reconstituted mice were also more resistant to alcoholic liver injury. Our work showed that a specific murine intestinal bacterial strain, BA, ameliorated liver injury by reducing hepatocyte apoptosis in a CD95-dependent manner. Determination of the function of BA may provide an opportunity for its future use as a treatment for liver disease.
OTOMYCOSIS: AN ENTITY, NOT A MYTH
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Annals of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GOVERNMENT SERVICES
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>ARMY</h3><h3>General Cooney Retired.—</h3> Major General James P. Cooney, the Army's top expert on atomic medicine, retired in August after more than 33 years in the Medical Corps. His last duty assignment was as Chief Surgeon, Headquarters U. S. Army Europe, in Heidelberg, Germany. He has accepted the position of vice president for medical affairs of the American Cancer Society. <h3>Personal.—</h3> Colonel Sterrett E. Dietrich was named Fifth Army Surgeon. He succeeds Colonel George E. Leone, who retired in June. Colonel Dietrich was formerly Surgeon, U. S. Army, Alaska. <h3>NAVY</h3><h3>Foreign Medical Officers Attending Courses.—</h3> A group of 22 foreign armed forces medical officers are attending courses in Naval Medical Management and Naval Preventive Medicine at the Naval Medical School, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Md. The courses, which convened in August, will be conducted concurrently for a period of ten weeks. The purpose of these courses is to prepare