tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer. Why we still don't know
Authors: M. Buyse
Journal: JAMA (1988)

All randomized controlled trials of adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer, published up to December 1986 in English, were reviewed. Eight trials compared radiotherapy groups with control groups in rectal cancer (3062 patients), and 17 trials compared chemotherapy groups with control groups in colorectal cancer (6791 patients). The results of trials testing radiotherapy or chemotherapy were combined. Fluorouracil-containing regimens resulted in a small benefit of therapy in terms of overall survival, with a mortality odds ratio of 0.83 in favor of therapy (95% confidence interval, 0.70 to 0.98). All other combinations of trials failed to show statistically significant differences between treated and control patients, even though the odds of death tended to be slightly lower in treated patients, especially those with rectal tumors. Some overall survival benefit from adjuvant therapy cannot be excluded, but it is likely small. Such small benefit, if real, would be far from negligible in a common case of malignancy with long survival expectancy. Trials much larger than those published up to now are needed. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:3571-3578)
Coal mining, pneumoconiosis, and lung cancer.
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BRrTisH diastolic pressure gradient the Austin Flint murmur could well be due to forward flow of blood through a functionally narrowed mitral valve, as originally suggested.In more severe cases, however, with a reversed pressure gradient, diastolic mitral incompetence seems to be a likely explanation of the pathogenesis of the murmur.Coal Mining, Pneumoconiosis, and Lung CancerIn 1936 N. M. Kennaway and E. L. Kennaway' drew atten- tnon to the low mortality from lung cancer among coal miners as compared with the general male population.Further studies by the Kennaways' and by other workers46 led to the same conclusion ; and according to the Decennial Supplement of the Registrar General published in 1938' the standardized mortality ratio (S.M.R.) for lung cancer in men working on the coal face for the three years 1930-2 was 67 (compared with 100 for all males).The S.M.R. for lung cancer in underground workers in coal mines other than coal- face workers was lower still-namely, 36.In a more critical study conducted in South Wales W. R. L. James8 found lung cancer at necropsy in 5.4%' of 1,531 non-miners but in only 3.3% of 1,827 coal miners.When he subdivided the miners into those with simple pneumoconiosis and those with pro- ,gressive massive fibrosis (P.M.F.) the rates were 5.1°% and 1.4%°O, respectively.More recently K. P. Goldman9 has analysed unpublished data collected by the Medical Research Council's Epidemiology Unit in South Wales.These data onsisted of records of radiological examinations for pneumo- coniosis and information on causes of death as written on dcath certificates for a community of 5,096 miners and ex-miners in the Rhondda Fach Valley in Glamorganshire.The results of Goldman's analysis were somewhat in conflict with the findings of James': the mortality from lung cancer was highest, and equal to the national average, among mrners with P.M.F., lowest in those with simple pneumoconiosis, and intermediate in those free of radiological evidence of dust disease.
Medicolegal
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Equivalence of Generic and Brand-Name Drugs for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: James A. Reiffel
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke-Induced DNA Adducts in C7Bl and DBA Mice
Authors: C. Gary Gairola, Hanping Wu, Ramesh C. Gupta, John N. Diana
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), which is largely composed of the sidestream cigarette smoke, has been implicated in increased incidence of cancer among nonsmokers. The present study was conducted to compare the potential of mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke to induce DNA adducts in mice. Groups of female C57Bl and DBA mice were exposed twice daily for 65-70 weeks to mainstream or sidestream smoke from the University of Kentucky reference cigarettes (2R1) in a nose-only exposure system. Animals received a total particulate matter dose of about 16 and 6 mg/kg body weight/exposure and exhibited blood carboxyhemoglobin levels of about 16 and 34%, for mainstream and sidestream smoke-exposed groups, respectively. Pulmonary aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity was induced by about 2- to 3-fold in both mainstream and sidestream groups of C57Bl and in mainstream smoke-exposed group of DBA mice, but not in sidestream smoke-exposed DBA mice. An analysis of total DNA adduct levels by the 32P-postlabeling assay showed a significant (12- to 25-fold) increase in the magnitude of preexisting lung DNA adducts in both mainstream and sidestream smoke-exposed C57Bl and DBA mice. Smoke exposures did not affect the total preexisting DNA adducts in liver of either strain. It is concluded that both mainstream and sidestream smoke are capable of enhancing preexisting DNA adducts in the lungs of chronically smoke-exposed mice.
MYELOPHTHISIC SPLENOMEGALY
Authors: MAX BALLIN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

This report relates to a type of splenomegaly found in two adult patients who presented a clinical and pathologic picture distinct from those previously noted, and constituting a separate disease entity. <h3>CLINICAL FEATURES</h3> The patients presented themselves complaining of abdominal tumor without other disability except general weakness and liability to fatigue. One was a woman, aged 34, the other a man, aged 43. There was no general adenopathy, and no icteric tint to the skin. The physical examination was entirely negative. Roentgen-ray studies made of the thoracic organs and gastro-intestinal tracts were without positive result. The urine was normal and in the second case did not show an excess of urobilinogen with Ehrlich's reagent. The first case was seen before this test came into use. The stools were normal microscopically and in the second case had no increase of urobilinogen. The blood observations were as follows; the limiting values found
SUMMARIOS IN INTERLINGUA
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CREMATION.
Authors: ROBERT MARSENA STONE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

A study of the customs of civilized nations of this and many past generations shows that we have blindly accepted one custom and followed it for indefinite years, without much question. It is that of the disposition of our dead. Long-accepted custom has decreed that earth-burial is proper, and we have accepted it. Once in a great while we experience a rude shock as we learn of an event that took place in Cuba during the late war—the necessary saturation of the bodies of the victims of yellow fever with oil, and their burning on vast pyres because the sanitation of a city demanded it—but we lapse into reacceptance of the old custom and continue to think earth-burial the only procedure for ordinary death. Few men care to think and reason about such matters until forced by the presence of grim death, and then grief holds sway and the time
Effect of intended intraoperative cholangiography and early detection of bile duct injury on survival after cholecystectomy: population based cohort study
Authors: Björn Törnqvist, Cecilia Strömberg, Gunnar Persson, Magnus Nilsson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To determine whether the routine use of intraoperative cholangiography can improve survival from complications related to bile duct injuries.Population based cohort study.Prospectively collected data from the Swedish national registry of gallstone surgery and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, GallRiks. Multivariate analysis done by Cox regression.All cholecystectomies recorded in GallRiks between 1 May 2005 and 31 December 2010.Evidence of bile duct injury, rate of intended use of intraoperative cholangiography, and rate of survival after cholecytectomy.During the study, 51,041 cholecystectomies were registered in GallRiks and 747 (1.5%) iatrogenic bile duct injuries identified. Patients with bile duct injuries had an impaired survival compared with those without injury (mortality at one year 3.9% v 1.1%). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that early detection of a bile duct injury, during the primary operation, improved survival. The intention to use intraoperative cholangiography reduced the risk of death after cholecystectomy by 62% (hazard ratio 0.38 (95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.46)).The high incidence of bile duct injury recorded is probably from GallRiks' ability to detect the entire range of injury severities, from minor ductal lesions to complete transections of major ducts. Patients with bile duct injury during cholecystectomy had impaired survival, and early detection of the injury improved survival. The intention to perform an intraoperative cholangiography reduced the risk of death after cholecystectomy.
MISCELLANEA MEDICA
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leads from the MMWR. Alcohol-related traffic fatalities during Christmas and New Year holidays--United States, 1978-1984
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply
Authors: Tadao Aoki
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Reply Get access Tadao Aoki, M.D., Ph.D Tadao Aoki, M.D., Ph.D Immunology Section Viral Leukemia and Lymphoma Branch National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 54, Issue 1, January 1975, Page 280, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/54.1.280a Published: 01 January 1975
Amphetamine Abuse
Authors: Sidney Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1975)

AMPHETAMINE is phenylisopropylamine. The racemic mixture is marketed as Benzedrine, and the D-isomer, dextroamphetamine sulfate, as Dexedrine. Methamphetamine hydrochloride (Desoxyn) and phenmetrazine hydrochloride (Preludin) are two variants of the amphetamine structure. Pep pills or "uppers" are also known as "bennies," "dexies," or "bombitas." Methedrine is called "meth," "speed," "crank," "splash," or "crystal." There is a tendency to call all amphetamines "speed" at present. <h3>Types of Abuse</h3> Amphetamines are misused and abused in many ways. <h3>Sporadic Use of Average Amounts.—</h3> The occasional use of amphetamines to remain alert or enhance one's performance is widespread. Students cramming for exams, drivers on extended nonstop trips, athletes attempting to excel, and military personnel on prolonged operations are some of the groups involved. Amphetamines do seem to improve the performance of tired individuals who are involved in prolonged tasks, if the drug does not make them jittery. Skilled judgments may be adversely affected. On rare
ST. GEORGE'S HOSPITAL: ANEURISM TREATED BY PRESSURE, ILLUSTRATED BY A SERIES OF CASES
Authors: T. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1856)

CASE VI.Lacertion of the Riqht Lzung, accompatied, Obut not produced, by Fracture of the IRibs on the same Side: Death.Thc admirable arrangements of our much abused government, and the admirable good temper and good sense of our still more libelled populace, caused the great
Eponyms
Authors: Armand J. Quick
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The interesting editorial on the "Half Life of Eponyms" (<b>213</b>:456, 1970) could be greatly expanded since much of the lore and incidences of medical history are closely interlocked with eponyms. As one who finds his own name an "eponymic label," I feel qualified to make certain comments. In developing the prothrombin time test, I did not "harbor a hope" to immortalize my name, nor did those who attached my name to the test have a commemorative objective. The eponymic label was for the purpose of guarding a supposedly superior method for determining prothrombin against being confused with my simple, crude procedure. Because this simple test continues to serve a useful purpose, the eponym does not appear even now after nearly 35 years to have reached its half-life. Eventually, however, a small<i>q</i>may replace the capital letter, but that will not alter the descriptive value, since
Patient Decision Making
Authors: Peter A. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As consultation-liaison psychiatrists, we took interest in the article by Redelmeier et al<sup>1</sup>on patients' decision-making processes. The examples of poor reasoning processes are helpful in understanding many cases, and we appreciate that the article is selective in its examination of the "role of emotion in decision making." We were struck, however, by the near-complete absence of any mention, not only of subtle cognitive impairment per se, but also of psychiatric disorders, psychological conflict, and other sources of emotional disturbance that affect decision making. Depending on patients' predominant personality traits, the experience of illness and treatment may arouse various sorts of anxiety.<sup>2</sup>Depression, anger, feelings of disappointment in or rejection by family and caretakers, and other emotional states may affect patients' medical decision making, sometimes to the consternation of all concerned.<sup>3,4</sup>Fear may be manifest most dramatically by its denial, along with denial of
Author Omitted From Byline
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 5256: Molecular signatures associated with obesity-related tumor growth in breast cancer women
Authors: Diddier Prada, Cristian Arriaga-Canon, Jose Diaz-Chavez, Carlo Cortes, Marco Andonegui-Elguera, Pedro Perez-Collado, Rodolfo Muniz, David Cantu-de-Leon, Paula Cabrera-Galeana, Enrique Bargallo, Luis Herrera, Fernando Penaloza
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Obesity has been widely associated with chronic diseases, including cancer. Obesity increases the risk of developing several types of cancer, both in women and men, especially breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, the role of obesity after tumors is established and its potential mechanisms are unknown. Our study aims to determine the molecular signatures associated with obesity-related tumor growth in a cohort of breast cancer patients from a country with an obesity epidemic. We evaluated a cohort of patients with breast cancer (n=151) at diagnosis, including patients in all clinical stages and 78% of them showed overweight or obesity. We determined the role of body mass index (BMI) on clinical characteristics and, using RNA-seq analyses in biopsy samples at diagnosis, we determined potential genes associated. We found a positive correlation between BMI and tumor size at diagnosis (r = 0.147, p-value = 0.006) and age (r=0.116, p-value=0.03). Lower BMI was observed when the number of positive nodes increased (p-value = 0.015). In a random subset from these patients (n=12) and using robust linear models, we determined that 10 genes (GPRC5B, SLITRK6, KRT23, VTCN1, TNFRSF12, PTP4A2, BACE2, EPH8, CYP21A1P, and TMEM52) were positively associated with BMI. CSTA and IGKV1-16 showed a negative association with BMI. Gene ontology analyses revealed that VTCN1 and PTP4A3 were linked to increased proliferation and tumor progression. CSTA, a protease inhibitor, was also associated with poor prognosis. Our study suggested a deleterious effect of obesity on breast cancer patients, which could be caused by changes in cell expression on key genes in tumor cells. Citation Format: Diddier Prada, Cristian Arriaga-Canon, Jose Diaz-Chavez, Carlo Cortes, Marco Andonegui-Elguera, Pedro Perez-Collado, Rodolfo Muniz, David Cantu-de-Leon, Paula Cabrera-Galeana, Enrique Bargallo, Luis Herrera, Fernando Penaloza. Molecular signatures associated with obesity-related tumor growth in breast cancer women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5256.