tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Fontan operation on left ventricular size and contractility in tricuspid atresia.
Authors: M HGewillig, U RLundström, J EDeanfield, CBull, R CFranklin, T PGraham, R KWyse
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Left ventricular dimensions and contractility were determined by echocardiography in 33 patients with tricuspid atresia in 1985 and again in 1988. Eight patients remained palliated throughout the 3-year period; neither the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (153 +/- 15% of normal vs. 157 +/- 19%, p = NS) nor a load-independent index of contractility (rate-corrected velocity of shortening [VCFc]/end-systolic meridional stress [ESSM]) changed. Eleven patients underwent a Fontan operation during the study and were reevaluated at least 6 months after surgery; left ventricular dimension decreased (130 +/- 15% vs. 114 +/- 19%, p less than 0.001), and the contractility index VCFc/ESSM improved (p less than 0.05). Fourteen patients had undergone a Fontan operation 0.9-9.5 years (mean, 4.2 years) before initial examination in 1985. Over the 3-year period, left ventricular dimensions did not change (121 +/- 17% vs. 118 +/- 11%, p = NS), but the contractility index showed significant improvement (p less than 0....
Abstract 13319: Association of ProBNP Ratio to Total BNP on Admission With Future Cardiac Reverse Remodeling in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A New Biomarker to Predict Recovery of Left Ventricular Systolic Function
Authors: Akihisa Kimura, Hiroyuki Takahama, Toshio Nishikimi, Seiji Takashio, Tomohiro Hayashi, Chiaki Okatani, Yasuaki Nakagawa, Yasuhiro Hamatani, Atsushi Okada, Masashi Amano, Makoto Amaki, Takuya Hasegawa, Hideaki Kanzaki, Satoshi Yasuda, Kenji Kangawa, Toshihisa Anzai, Naoto Minamino, Chisato Izumi
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: The methodology to distinguish between heart failure (HF) with recovered (improved) ejection fraction (HFiEF) and HF with continuously reduced EF (HFrEF) on admission has not been est...
Open infarct artery, late potentials, and other prognostic factors in patients after acute myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era. A prospective trial.
Authors: S HHohnloser, PFranck, TKlingenheben, MZabel, HJust
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDSuccessful reperfusion of the infarct-related artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction has been shown to reduce in-hospital as well as 1-year mortality. Besides the thrombolysis-induced myocardial salvage, there is increasing evidence that an open infarct-related artery results in increased electrical stability of the heart and that this effect is at least in part responsible for the favorable long-term outcome of these patients. The exact incidence of arrhythmic events during the first year after myocardial infarction and the predictive value of different risk factors for these complications, however, have not been determined in patients in the thrombolytic era.METHODS AND RESULTSA total of 173 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 51% treated with thrombolysis, were prospectively entered into the study. At the time of hospital discharge, signal-averaged ECG, Holter monitoring, radionuclide angiography, coronary angiography, and levocardiography were performed in all patients. A...
Cold versus hot endoscopic mucosal resection for large sessile colon polyps: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Dhairya Mehta, Adam H. Loutfy, Vladimir M. Kushnir, Ashley L. Faulx, Zachary L. Smith
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

BACKGROUND : For large sessile colorectal polyps (LSCPs), endoscopic mucosal resection without diathermy ("cold endoscopic mucosal resection [EMR]") is gaining popularity because of its safety advantages over conventional EMR ("hot EMR"). Polyp recurrence rates have been reported to be higher with cold EMR. Considering these differences, we performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of these two techniques. METHODS : A decision analysis model was constructed for EMR of an LSCP. The decision tree incorporated the EMR method, clip use, procedural mortality, adverse events and their management, and polyp recurrence. Outcomes included days of lost productivity and marginal cost difference. Adverse event and recurrence rates were extracted from the existing literature, giving emphasis to recent systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials. RESULTS : Through 30 months of follow-up, the average cost of removing an LSCP by cold EMR was US$5213, as compared to $6168 by hot EMR, yielding a $955 cost difference (95 % confidence interval $903-$1006). Average days of lost productivity were 6.2 days for cold EMR and 6.3 days for hot EMR. This cost advantage remained over several analyses accounting for variations in recurrence rates and clip closure strategies. Clip cost and LSCP recurrence rate had the greatest and the least impacts on the marginal cost difference, respectively. CONCLUSION : Cold EMR is the dominant strategy over hot EMR, with lower cost and fewer days of lost productivity. In theory, a complete transition to cold EMR for LSCPs in the USA could result in an annual cost saving approaching US$7 million to Medicare beneficiaries.
Localization patterns of plasma apolipoproteins in human atherosclerotic lesions.
Authors: H FHoff, C LHeideman, R LJackson, R JBayardo, H SKim, A MGotto
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The localization patterns of human plasma lipoproteins and their respective apoproteins and of neutral lipid were determined in normal and atherosclerotic arteries. Specific antisera were prepared against plasma low-density lipoproteins(LDL) and their apoproteins (apoB), high-density lipoproteins(HDL) and one of their major apoproteins (apoA-I1, and apoC-III, which is a major apoprotein of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). Using immunofluorescence techniques, the various antigens were localized in arterial samples obtained at surgery or autopsy. The three apoproteins and neutral lipid were localized to the same tissue areas, namely, lipid core regions and certain connective tissue of atherosclerotic lesions, in 61% of the fibrous plaques and 48% of the fatty streaks examined. In marked contrast, none of the uninvolved arterial regions showed the presence of all four factors together. As controls, the localization of other serum proteins was also determined in these arteries using immunofluorescence te...
Inotropic effects of different calcium ion concentration on the embryonic chick ventricle. Comparison of single cultured cells and intact muscle strips.
Authors: W HBarry, RPitzen, KProtas, D CHarrison
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The effects of changes in the calcium ion concentration in the medium bathin single beating cultured chick embryo ventricular cells were determined using an electro-optical monitoring technique for measuring the amplitude and velocity of cell wall motion. Although single cells showed significant decreases in the amplitude and velocity of cell wall motion during contraction when the calcium ion concentration was lowered from 1.8 mM to 0.9 mM, there were no significant changes in these parameters when the concentration was increased from 1.8 mM to 3.6 mM, and the magnitude of this response increased with increasing embryonic age. These results suggest that there is a reduced positive inotropic responsiveness in young chick embryo ventricular cells, which is particularly marked in the single cultured cell preparation because of the tendency of culturing techniques to select out immature cell populations.
Inotropic responses to isoproterenol and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in intact guinea pig hearts: comparison of cyclic AMP levels and phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrillar proteins.
Authors: S TRapundalo, R JSolaro, E GKranias
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The influence of selective (milrinone: 10, 50, 100 microM) and nonselective phosphodiesterase (isobutylmethylxanthine: 0.1, 10, 100 microM) inhibitors and beta-adrenergic stimulation (isoproterenol: 0.01, 0.1 microM) on phospholamban and myofibrillar protein phosphorylation was studied in guinea pig hearts perfused with [32P]orthophosphate. Changes in protein phosphorylation were compared to alterations in tissue cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and positive inotropic effects induced by these agents. Isoproterenol (0.01 microM), milrinone (50 microM), and isobutylmethylxanthine (100 microM) all produced similar, twofold increases in dP/dt and -dP/dt but only stimulation with isobutylmethylxanthine and isoproterenol was associated with significant increases in phospholamban phosphorylation. At these equipotent doses, the effects of isobutylmethylxanthine were associated with higher increases (3.1-fold) in cAMP than those observed with isoproterenol (twofold). Milrinone (50 microM) produced a 2.5-fold increase in c...
Effect of picotamide on the clinical progression of peripheral vascular disease. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. The ADEP Group.
Authors: FBalsano, FVioli
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDPatients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) undergo a clinical course that can be complicated by cardiovascular events occurring in several areas of the circulation.METHODS AND RESULTSIn the present study we investigated the ability of picotamide, a substance that inhibits platelet thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthase and antagonizes TxA2 receptors, to reduce cardiovascular complications in PVD patients. The study was double blind and placebo controlled. After a 1-month run-in period, 2,304 patients were randomly allocated to either placebo or picotamide (300 mg t.i.d.) and followed for 18 months. Major and minor events were analyzed. Results of an intention-to-treat analysis were that patients on picotamide suffered 45 major events (3.9%) and 77 minor events (6.7%), whereas those taking placebo suffered 52 major (4.5%) and 99 minor events (8.6%). There was borderline statistical difference between the two groups with respect to the sum of the major and minor events (risk reduction, 18.9%; p = 0...
C5a decreases regional coronary blood flow and myocardial function in pigs: implications for a granulocyte mechanism.
Authors: S EMartin, D EChenoweth, R LEngler, D MRoth, J CLonghurst
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Granulocytes cause some of the pathophysiological effects associated with the capillary no-reflow phenomenon during ischemia and in ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, no study has examined the consequences of in vivo granulocyte activation during normal perfusion pressures. In this study, we examined the effects of intracoronary administration of the complement component C5a, which is known to be a potent granulocyte activating factor. Nine open-chest, anesthetized pigs were instrumented to monitor regional coronary blood flow and segment shortening, left ventricular dP/dt, heart rate, and pulmonary artery and aortic blood pressures and to sample arterial and regional coronary venous blood for oxygen content and complete blood counts. Intracoronary infusion of human or porcine C5a in doses ranging from 10 to 500 ng produced a significant reduction in regional coronary blood flow and myocardial function. Although perfusion pressure and heart rate remained constant, venous oxygen content fell, indicating...
Coronary collateral function in patients without occlusive coronary artery disease.
Authors: R EGoldstein, L LMichaelis, A GMorrow, S EEpstein
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Little is known of the functional capacity of coronary collaterals in humans without occlusive coronary artery disease. We, therefore, measured peripheral coronary pressure (PCP) and retrograde flow (RF) from coronary arteries at aortic valve replacement in seven patients without occlusive coronary artery disease. Using a T-connection interposed in left (LCA) and right (RCA) coronary perfusion lines, data were obtained during brief proximal occlusion of each line. PCP was expressed as a fraction of perfusion pressure (PP), and collateral resistance (CR) was calculated as PP/RF. Median values were as follows: (a table was included). In contrast, previous studies of well-collateralized distal segments of diseased coronary arteries revealed mean RF 15.7, CR 5.1 and PCP/PP 0.50. Under the conditions of study, all vessels interconnecting the non-diseased RCA and LCA delivered flow and pressure less readily than collaterals to a single distal segment of a diseased coronary artery. Thus, collaterals in patients ...
What's hot that the other lot got
Authors: Ben Soar
Journal: Thorax (2016)

This prospective study ( J Infect Dis 2016;213:584–91) identified the prevalence of 13 different viruses in the upper airway respiratory tract of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and concurrently enrolled asymptomatic controls. A total of 1024 patients with CAP and 759 controls were recruited. Real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR was used to identify the viruses. There was a significant increase in the detection of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus among the patients with CAP compared with the control group. The authors feel this probably indicates an aetiological role.

Unexplained pleural effusion invariably requires initial investigation with thoracocentesis and CT imaging. Clinical practice varies due to uncertainty as to whether an effusion should be drained before diagnostic imaging. This retrospective study ( Respirology 2016;21:392–5) compared 110 patients with paired pre/post drainage chest X-rays and 32 patients with paired CT scans who underwent thoracoscopy for undiagnosed unilateral pleural effusion. This study finds that post-drainage imaging did not provide additional information that would have influenced the clinical …
Tissue-Resident TSP1-CD47 Signaling Promotes Sickle Cell-Associated Arterial Vasculopathy and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Enrico M Novelli, Lynda L Ihrig, Heather E Knupp, Natasha M Rogers, Mingyi Yao, Xiaojun Huang, Jeffrey Baust, Daniel Meijles, Claudette M St Croix, Mark A Ross, Patrick J Pagano, Hunter C Champion, George Miles, Karin P Potoka, Mark T Gladwin, Jeffrey S Isenberg
Journal: Blood (2017)
The role of antirheumatics in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Christoffer B Nissen, Savino Sciascia, Danieli de Andrade, Tatsuya Atsumi, Ian N Bruce, Randy Q Cron, Oliver Hendricks, Dario Roccatello, Ksenija Stach, Mattia Trunfio, Évelyne Vinet, Karen Schreiber
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2021)
Management of plantar heel pain: a best practice guide informed by a systematic review, expert clinical reasoning and patient values
Authors: Dylan Morrissey, Matthew Cotchett, Ahmed Said J'Bari, Trevor Prior, Ian B Griffiths, Michael Skovdal Rathleff, Halime Gulle, Bill Vicenzino, Christian J Barton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

To develop a best practice guide for managing people with plantar heel pain (PHP).Mixed-methods design including systematic review, expert interviews and patient survey.Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, trial registries, reference lists and citation tracking. Semi-structured interviews with world experts and a patient survey.Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any intervention for people with PHP in any language were included subject to strict quality criteria. Trials with a sample size greater than n=38 were considered for proof of efficacy. International experts were interviewed using a semi-structured approach and people with PHP were surveyed online.Fifty-one eligible trials enrolled 4351 participants, with 9 RCTs suitable to determine proof of efficacy for 10 interventions. Forty people with PHP completed the online survey and 14 experts were interviewed resulting in 7 themes and 38 subthemes. There was good agreement between the systematic review findings and interview data about taping (SMD: 0.47, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.88) and plantar fascia stretching (SMD: 1.21, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.63) for first step pain in the short term. Clinical reasoning advocated combining these interventions with education and footwear advice as the core self-management approach. There was good expert agreement with systematic review findings recommending stepped care management with focused shockwave for first step pain in the short-term (OR: 1.89, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.04), medium-term (SMD 1.31, 95% CI 0.61 to 2.01) and long-term (SMD 1.67, 95% CI 0.88 to 2.45) and radial shockwave for first step pain in the short term (OR: 1.66, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.76) and long term (OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.96). We found good agreement to 'step care' using custom foot orthoses for general pain in the short term (SMD: 0.41, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.74) and medium term (SMD: 0.55, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.02).Best practice from a mixed-methods study synthesising systematic review with expert opinion and patient feedback suggests core treatment for people with PHP should include taping, stretching and individualised education. Patients who do not optimally improve may be offered shockwave therapy, followed by custom orthoses.
Direct detection of free radicals in the reperfused rat heart using electron spin resonance spectroscopy.
Authors: P BGarlick, M JDavies, D JHearse, T FSlater
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The purpose of this study was to use a direct method, that of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, to demonstrate that reperfusion after a period of ischemia results in a sudden increase in the production of free radicals in the myocardium. The isolated buffer-perfused rat heart was used with N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) as a spin-trapping agent. Samples of coronary effluent were taken and extracted into toluene for detection of radical adducts by ESR spectroscopy. After 15 minutes of total, global ischemia, aerobic reperfusion resulted in a sudden burst of radical formation that peaked at 4 minutes. When hearts were reperfused with anoxic buffer, no dramatic increase in radical production was observed. Subsequent reintroduction of oxygen, however, resulted in an immediate burst of radical production of a similar magnitude to that seen in the wholly aerobic reperfusion experiments. The ESR signals obtained (aN = 13.60 G, aH = 1.56 G) are consistent with the spin-trapping by PBN of either ...
Time course of changes in the mechanical properties of the canine right and left ventricles during hypertrophy caused by pressure overload.
Authors: IMirsky, M MLaks
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

We developed a mathematical model of the right and left ventricles to determine whether there is a change in the mechanical properties of muscle during the hypertrophy process resulting from pulmonary arterial banding. Pressure-volume data were obtained from 10 normal dog hearts and 8 dog hearts in which the pulmonary artery was banded for periods of 2--40 weeks. These data were applied to the model, and the time course of wall stress and muscle stiffness was quantified for both ventricles. The results demonstrate that (1) myocardial stiffness is increased in pressure-overload hypertrophy (2) normal right and left ventricular muscle exhibits similar mechanical properties and (3) the relationships between wall stresses and the volume/mass ratios to the period of banding are biphasic. We concluded that (1) increase in muscle stiffness is due to several factors. In the early stages of hypertrophy, it may be predominantly due to fibrosis and, in the later stages, to substantial increases in muscle mass. (2) T...
Ethinyl estradiol acutely attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women.
Authors: S EReis, S TGloth, R SBlumenthal, J RResar, H AZacur, GGerstenblith, J ABrinker
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDEstrogen administration in postmenopausal women is associated with a 50% reduction in the clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease. The mechanisms are not known, although one potential explanation is estrogen-induced modulation of coronary vasoreactivity. Acetylcholine is an endothelium-dependent vasodilator that may be used to assess coronary vasoreactivity and elicits coronary responses that parallel those found with common daily vasomotor stimuli. Therefore, we tested whether estrogen attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women.METHODS AND RESULTSAcetylcholine-induced changes in coronary flow, resistance, and cross-sectional area were determined before and 15 minutes after intravenous administration of ethinyl estradiol (EE, 35 micrograms) in 15 postmenopausal women. The influence of estrogen on basal coronary flow, resistance, and epicardial cross-sectional area was also assessed by measuring these parameters before and after EE or plac...
Control of the Na-Ca exchanger in isolated heart cells. II. Beat-dependent activation in normal cells by intracellular calcium.
Authors: R AHaworth, A BGoknur
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Electrical stimulation of isolated adult rat heart cells in suspension at 4 Hz resulted in a fourfold increase in the rate of sodium influx and efflux across the sarcolemma, with no change in total cell sodium, as measured with 22Na. The magnitude of stimulation-dependent sodium fluxes under these conditions averaged 17 nmol/min/mg protein. The increased rate of efflux was inhibited by tetrodotoxin, verapamil, or dichlorobenzamil and required extracellular calcium. The inhibition by tetrodotoxin was overcome by Bay K 8644. The basal rate of 22Na efflux in cells at rest was inhibited only slightly by dichlorobenzamil. The stimulation-induced efflux was not inhibited by ouabain, but in the presence of ouabain, stimulation increased the rate of accumulation of total sodium by 4 nmol/min/mg. This increase was inhibited by tetrodotoxin or verapamil. A calcium-dependent increase in rate of 22Na influx and efflux could also be induced by KCl addition. This was inhibited by verapamil and dichlorobenzamil but not ...
Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor synergize to induce nitric oxide production and inhibit mitochondrial respiration in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: YGeng, G KHansson, EHolme
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signal substance in cell-cell communication and can induce relaxation of blood vessels by activating guanylate cyclase in smooth muscle cells (SMCs). NO is synthesized from L-arginine by the enzyme NO synthase, which is present in endothelial cells. It was recently shown that SMCs may themselves produce NO or an NO-related compound. We have studied NO production and its effects on energy metabolism in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. It was observed that the cytokines, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, synergistically induced an arginine-dependent production of NO in these cells. This was associated with an inhibition of complex I (NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and complex II (succinate: ubiquinone oxidoreductase) activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, suggesting that NO blocks mitochondrial respiration in these cells. Lactate accumulated in the media of the cells, implying an increased anaerobic glycolysis, but there was no reductio...
A diagnostic randomised controlled trial to study the impact of rapid diagnostic tests in patients with Acute febrile illness when compared to conventional diagnostics (DRACO study)
Authors: Nitin Gupta, Sowmya Joylin, Prithvishree Ravindra, William Wilson, Rachana Bhat, Vasudev Guddattu, Andreas Neumayr, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Kavitha Saravu
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)