tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Addressing cancer care needs for Latino adults: A formative qualitative evaluation.
Authors: Gladys M. Rodriguez, Maria Leach, Jennifer Osorio, Emily Wood, Ysabel Duron, Dale G. O'Brien, Koontz Zach, Lisa Goldman Rosas, Manali I. Patel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

105 Background: Cancer remains the number one cause of death among the Latino population despite the decrease in cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. Latino patients experience worse quality of life, more advanced stages of disease, and longer times to definitive diagnosis and treatment initiation. Yet there are few interventions that leverage clinical and community-based approaches to address these disparities. The aim of this formative qualitative study was to explore the specific care needs and barriers encountered by Latino patients to refine a community-based intervention delivered by community health workers (CHWs). Methods: We conducted semi-structured, in-depth, one-on-one qualitative interviews with low-income, Latino adults with a past or current history of cancer and/or their caregivers in a county comprised of 80% Latino populations in California. Interviews were conducted in Spanish, audio-recorded, transcribed and translated. Analysis was based in grounded theory and performed using the constant comparative method. Results: Fourteen interviews were conducted with a total of 18 participants; 9 involved the patient, 4 involved the patient and a designated caregiver, and 1 involved a caregiver only. Four major themes emerged that included: 1) lack of overall understanding of all aspects of cancer including their cancer diagnosis, significance of advance directives, precision medicine, and cancer care plans; 2) severe challenges in communicating cancer care needs and receiving support services due to language barriers; 3) stress and anxiety regarding financial hardships related to job loss and insurance barriers; 4) the need for supportive, bilingual and bicultural personnel to assist in overcoming these challenges. Conclusions: Latino patients with cancer and caregivers described major barriers they encounter after a cancer diagnosis. Participants described important approaches to address these cancer specific needs and reduce cancer disparities among these populations.
Tropoelastin improves adhesion and migration of intra-articular injected infrapatellar fat pad MSCs and reduces osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Junjun Yang, Xin Wang, Yahan Fan, Xiongbo Song, Jiangyi Wu, Zhenlan Fu, Tao Li, Yang Huang, ZheXiong Tang, Shuo Meng, Na Liu, Jiajia Chen, Pingju Liu, Liu Yang, Xiaoyuan Gong, Cheng Chen
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising strategy for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. However, more and more studies reveal that the injected MSCs have poor adhesion, migration, and survival in the joint cavity. A recent study shows that tropoelastin (TE) regulates adhesion, proliferation and phenotypic maintenance of MSCs as a soluble additive, indicating that TE could promote MSCs-homing in regenerative medicine. In this study, we used TE as injection medium, and compared it with classic media in MSCs intra-articular injection such as normal saline (NS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). We found that TE could effectively improve adhesion, migration, chondrogenic differentiation of infrapatellar fat pad MSCs (IPFP-MSCs) and enhance matrix synthesis of osteoarthritic chondrocytes (OACs) in indirect-coculture system. Moreover, TE could significantly enhance IPFP-MSCs adhesion via activation of integrin β1, ERK1/2 and vinculin (VCL) in vitro. In addition, intra-articular injection of TE-IPFP MSCs suspension resulted in a short-term increase in survival rate of IPFP-MSCs and better histology scores of rat joint tissues. Inhibition of integrin β1 or ERK1/2 attenuated the protective effect of TE-IPFP MSCs suspension in vivo. In conclusion, TE promotes performance of IPFP-MSCs and protects knee cartilage from damage in OA through enhancement of cell adhesion and activation of integrin β1/ERK/VCL pathway. Our ﬁndings may provide new insights in MSCs intra-articular injection for OA treatment.
The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm among young people in Europe, 1990–2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Giulio Castelpietra, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Emilie E. Agardh, Benedetta Armocida, Massimiliano Beghi, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Giancarlo Logroscino, Rui Ma, Fabrizio Starace, Nicholas Steel, Giovanni Addolorato, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Felix Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joht Singh Chandan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Rosa A.S. Couto, Natália Cruz-Martins, Paul I. Dargan, Keshab Deuba, Diana Dias da Silva, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Florian Fischer, Peter Andras Gaal, Alessandro Gialluisi, Juanita A. Haagsma, Josep Maria Haro, M. Tasdik Hasan, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Sorin Hostiuc, Licia Iacoviello, Ivo Iavicoli, Elham Jamshidi, Jost B. Jonas, Tamas Joo, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Joonas H. Kauppila, Moien A.B. Khan, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Mika Kivimäki, Kamrun Nahar Koly, Ai Koyanagi, Manasi Kumar, Tea Lallukka, Berthold Langguth, Caterina Ledda, Paul H. Lee, Ilaria Lega, Christine Linehan, Joana A. Loureiro, Áurea M Madureira-Carvalho, Jose Martinez-Raga, Manu Raj Mathur, John J. McGrath, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Tomislav Mestrovic, Bartosz Miazgowski, Andreea Mirica, Antonio Mirijello, Babak Moazen, Shafiu Mohammed, Francesk Mulita, Gabriele Nagel, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Shahina Pardhan, Maja Pasovic, Jay Patel, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Marina Pinheiro, Richard Charles G. Pollok, Maarten J. Postma, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Luca Ronfani, Dominic Sagoe, Francesco Sanmarchi, Michael P Schaub, Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, Rahman Shiri, Farhad Shokraneh, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, João Pedro Silva, Renata Silva, Bogdan Socea, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Marco Torrado, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Massimiliano Veroux, Russell M. Viner, Andrea Werdecker, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Simon I. Hay, Alize J. Ferrari, Mohsen Naghavi, Peter Allebeck, Lorenzo Monasta
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2022)

Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time.
Modelling the impact of increased alcohol taxation on alcohol-attributable cancers in the WHO European Region
Authors: Carolin Kilian, Pol Rovira, Maria Neufeld, Carina Ferreira-Borges, Harriet Rumgay, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Jürgen Rehm
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

Reducing the alcohol-attributable cancer burden in the WHO European Region is a public health priority. This study aims to estimate the number of potentially avoidable cancers in countries of the WHO European Region in 2019 for three scenarios in which current excise duties on alcoholic beverages were increased by 20%, 50%, or 100%.
Osteoblastic bone 'flare' in responding patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer: observations from a prospective randomized phase ii trial (EORTC 08062)
Authors: Christian Fink, Mary O'Brien, Jan P. Van Meerbeeck, Krzystof Konopa, Paul Lorigan, Lionel Bosquee, Ernest Marshall, Frederique Bustin, Sabine Margerit, Jos A. Stigt, Anne-Marie C. Dingemans, Baktiar Hasan, Paul Baas
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
P14.69 Trends in postoperative chemoradiotherapy for Glioblastoma patients: a Danish cohort study
Authors: A K Trip, V K Veluppillai, R H Dahlrot, T L Guldberg, A Muhic, M Høyer, S Lukacova
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT), using conventional radiotherapy (convRT), has a key role in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) supported by level 1A evidence. In the past decade, evidence supporting hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) has emerged. However, GBM patients in clinical trials are highly selected. Consequently, real-world patients may not be able to undergo evidence-based treatments. The aim of this retrospective Danish cohort study was to evaluate the utilisation of and compliance with postoperative CRT in real-world GBM patients over time. MATERIAL AND METHODS All adults (≥18 years) with newly diagnosed GBM (histology confirmed) between 2011 and 2018 were identified via the Danish Neuro-Oncology Registry, which was furthermore used to extract all data. Radiotherapy (RT) was classified as convRT (≤2 Gy/fr, planned dose 44–66 Gy) or HFRT (&amp;gt;2 Gy/fr, planned dose 34 or 40 Gy). The utilisation of and compliance with CRT (only concomitant treatment assessed) was measured by intended and administered treatment, respectively. To assess trends, patients were grouped per year of diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the association of age (&amp;lt;/≥70), sex, performance status (PS) before surgery and RT, tumour focality, extent of surgery, concomitant chemotherapy (CT), hospital (4 University Hospitals), and year of diagnosis, with convRT or HFRT. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 2153 patients. For the entire period, postoperative RT was planned in 1743 patients: utilisation of 81%, over time fluctuating between 77 and 84%. ConvRT was planned in 1428 patients (66%), with a steadily decreasing utilisation from 73% in 2011 to 52% in 2018. Of those, 1346 (94%) could complete RT as planned (over time fluctuating between 88–97%). In this group, the utilisation of and compliance with concomitant CT was 86% (fluctuating between 80–93%) and 73% (fluctuating between 47–84%), respectively. HFRT was planned in 315 patients (15%), with a utilisation of up to 26% in 2018, after a more pronounced increase since 2014. The compliance with HFRT was 93%, fluctuating between 85–100%. In this group, the utilisation of and compliance with concomitant CT was 33% (fluctuating between 0–47%) and 78% (fluctuating between 33–100%), respectively. The utilisation of HFRT compared to convRT was significantly associated with higher age, poorer PS before RT, multifocal tumour, less extensive surgery, less frequent concomitant CT, one hospital of RT treatment, and more recent diagnosis years. CONCLUSION The increased utilisation of HFRT is in line with emerging evidence during the cohort period. However, while HFRT was developed as a more convenient schedule for those with a poorer PS and older age, the overall utilisation of postoperative RT did not increase. Nor did the compliance with CRT increase in real-world Danish GBM patients.
Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Reveals the Conformation of Î²2glycoprotein I and the Conformational Binding Epitopes of Autoantibodies
Authors: Seung J. Kim, Jacob H. Rand, Philip G. de Groot, Rolf T. Urbanus, Dina Schneidman, Man K. Chan, Hilde Kelchtermans, Bas De Laat
Journal: Blood (2017)
The unexplored immune landscape of high-risk pediatric cancers.
Authors: Chelsea Mayoh, Rachael L Terry, Marie Wong, Loretta M Lau, Dong Anh Khuong-Quang, Marion K Mateos, Vanessa Tyrrell, Michelle Haber, David S Ziegler, Mark J Cowley, Joseph A Trapani, Paul J Neeson, Paul G Ekert
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)
Assessing the representativeness of trial populations for contemporary real-world cancer patients: A case study of adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer.
Authors: Jennifer Leigh Lund, Michael Webster-Clark, Emily W. Bratton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

306 Background: Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for assessing the efficacy of new cancer therapies and are required for marketing approval. However, participants enrolled into trials are often not representative of the more diverse populations in whom treatment will ultimately be delivered. Real-world data can be used to potentially bridge this gap by evaluating the effectiveness and safety of therapies in more generalizable populations. In this study, we describe differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between participants enrolled in a phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer and a contemporary comparator cohort using structured oncology electronic medical records (EMR) data. Methods: We drew upon publications from the Multicenter International Study of Oxaliplatin/5 Fluorouracil/Leucovorin in the Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer (MOSAIC) recruiting patients primarily from Western Europe with stage II or III colon cancer from October 1998-January 2001. This trial established FOLFOX (oxaliplatin + 5-FU) as the standard of care over 5FU alone in treating stage III colon cancer and led to US marketing approval. For comparison, we identified patients diagnosed with stage II or III colon cancer (September 2014-2020) who received FOLFOX in the IQVIA US Oncology EMR database via E360, IQVIA’s Real World Discovery and Analytics platform. In the two populations, we described distributions of prognostic factors including age, sex, stage of disease, body mass index (BMI), and Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) performance status. Results: The MOSAIC trial included 2,246 participants; we identified 4,566 patients starting FOLFOX in the EMR comparator. Median age was similar: 61 versus 62 years, but the range differed (19-75 years versus 18-85 years) in the trial and EMR comparator, respectively. Female sex was similar at 44% and 48%, while the proportion of patients with stage III disease differed considerably at 60% and 84% for trial and EMR comparator, respectively. Half (51%) of all EMR patients were missing ECOG status; among those with a reported ECOG status, 96% had a score of 0-1, while 87% of trial participants had an ECOG of 0-1. BMI was missing in 34% of patients in the EMR comparator; among those with a reported BMI, 28% had a BMI &lt; 25, while 54% of trial participants had a BMI &lt; 25. Conclusions: Colon cancer patients receiving FOLFOX in an EMR comparator had a similar age and sex distribution as MOSAIC trial participants, but were more likely to have stage III disease. Missing ECOG and BMI data were common in the EMR comparator, which limited comparisons. Structured oncology EMR data represent an important resource for generating real-world evidence; future data enrichment efforts focused on critical patient-level variables via unstructured EMR extraction may improve data completeness and quality.
Pandora: nucleotide-resolution bacterial pan-genomics with reference graphs
Authors: Rachel M. Colquhoun, Michael B. Hall, Leandro Lima, Leah W. Roberts, Kerri M. Malone, Martin Hunt, Brice Letcher, Jane Hawkey, Sophie George, Louise Pankhurst, Zamin Iqbal
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

We present pandora, a novel pan-genome graph structure and algorithms for identifying variants across the full bacterial pan-genome. As much bacterial adaptability hinges on the accessory genome, methods which analyze SNPs in just the core genome have unsatisfactory limitations. Pandora approximates a sequenced genome as a recombinant of references, detects novel variation and pan-genotypes multiple samples. Using a reference graph of 578 Escherichia coli genomes, we compare 20 diverse isolates. Pandora recovers more rare SNPs than single-reference-based tools, is significantly better than picking the closest RefSeq reference, and provides a stable framework for analyzing diverse samples without reference bias.
Children’s health: opportunities to have a real impact
Authors: Michael Craig Watson, Sylvia Tilford
Journal: BMJ (2021)

We welcome this latest research on the impact of the Sure Start programme.12 The evidence shows that large scale, holistic public health interventions can be effective in improving children’s health.2 Sure Start substantially reduced hospital admissions for infections, injuries, and mental health problems.

For those interested in “levelling up” there are clear lessons to be learnt from this research. The impacts of …
The search for antivirals for covid-19
Authors: Chris Stokel-Walker
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Antivirals are one of the most sought after, yet missing, tools to control SARS-COV-2. Chris Stokel-Walker asks what was learnt from a similar search nearly 20 years ago Antiviral drugs are among the most researched tools for treating covid-19. They either prevent a virus entering a host cell or prevent it from being able to replicate once it is inside. And yet, over 18 months into the pandemic, finding ones that are effective against SARS-CoV-2 has proved challenging. Remdesivir was an early frontrunner—and many governments were desperate enough to grant it emergency use approval despite limited evidence. Those early hopes were ultimately dashed when major studies, notably the World Health Organization's Solidarity trial, found it to be ineffective at preventing death (although it did help patients already recovering do so marginally faster).1 Doctors in Japan have treated covid-19 patients with favipiravir, an influenza antiviral, but the drug has previously been linked to birth defects.2 Developing antivirals is tricky—the first was approved only in 1963. Unlike antibiotics, which some bacteria make to combat other bacteria, few antivirals exist in nature. Viruses are also harder to target than bacteria (box 1). Box 1 ### How an antiviral for covid-19 could work Antivirals could tackle SARS-CoV-2 in several ways. To stop the virus entering the cell, any antiviral drug has to target two receptors on the virus: ACE-2 and TMPRSS2, says Ruth McKernan, chair of the BioIndustry Association, a trade body representing the industry. Another route involves targeting the protein synthesis pathways, preventing the new viral proteins from being made. This could also be achieved by disabling the enzymes that split and reassemble immature viral proteins as … RETURN TO TEXT
Prognostic significance of neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio in the determination of severe prognosis of hematological patients with covid-19 infection. Data of moldovan hematological center
Authors: V. Tomacinschii, M. Robu, S. Buruiana, A. Golub, C. Dudnic, D. Urescu, V. Finciuc
Journal: HemaSphere (2021)

Background: COVID-19 infection represents a continuous challenge for the medical society. . Patients with hematologic disease and a COVID-19 infection were found to have a significantly worse prognosis compared to the ones infected with COVID-19 but without hematological cancer. Aims: Evaluation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) as a potential marker of the severity and morbidity of COVID-19 infection among hematological patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 56 COVID positive patients who have been hospitalized between July 2020 and January 2021. Medical records of the cases are analyzed and compared retrospectively for demographic, clinical, laboratory data, and radiological findings. The standard deviation, receiver operating curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to compare the diagnostic performance NLR into the determination of the disease severity. Results: Out of 56 examined patients 29 (51,2%) were females, the median age of infection was 57 years (21-84 years). The most frequent hematological malignancies among the studies group were: Non- Hodgkin lymphomas (46,2%), followed by multiple myeloma(16%), acute leukemias(10,7%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (7,1%), and others. 35 out of 56 patients developed a severe form of COVID-19 infection(62,5%), out of them, 27(77,1%) necessitating access into an ICU unit. Medium severity was detected in 16 patients(28,6%), mild form being diagnosed in just 5 of them(8,9%). The mortality rate in the study group constitutes 35,7%(20 of 56 patients). NLR had a mean of 8,03±7,41, having a lower index in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19: 6.11±6,09 and higher in the group of patients with severe forms: 9.18±7,96. On receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, the predictive ability of NLR to detect critical patients was significant (p= 0.003;AUC:0.729), with an optimal cut-off value of 8.375 having 82% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity to determine the severe COVID-19 cases among hematological patients. Summary/Conclusion: This study confirmed the high risk of mortality among hematological patients showed previously in the literature. Severe forms of COVID-19 were diagnosed in 62,5% of cases. The mortality rate in the study group constitutes 35,7%. NLR can be a useful tool in the prediction of severe cases of COVID-19 infection with quite high sensitivity (82%) but with a moderate specificity(66,7%).
Extracellular vesicles in anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Elisabetta Vergani, Elena Daveri, Viviana Vallacchi, Laura Bergamaschi, Luca Lalli, Chiara Castelli, Monica Rodolfo, Licia Rivoltini, Veronica Huber
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2021)

To what extent extracellular vesicles (EVs) can impact anti-tumor immune responses has only started to get unraveled. Their nanometer dimensions, their growing number of subtypes together with the difficulties in defining their origin hamper their investigation. The existence of tumor cell lines facilitated advance in cancer EV understanding, while capturing information about phenotypes and functions of immune cell EVs in this context is more complex. The advent of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has further deepened the need to dissect the impact of EVs during immune activation and response, not least to contribute unraveling and preventing the generation of resistance occurring in the majority of patients. Here we discuss the factors that influence anddrive the immune response in cancer patients in the context of cancer therapeutics and the roles or possible functions that EVs can have in this scenario. With immune cell-derived EVs as leitmotiv, we will journey from EV discovery and subtypes through physiological and pathological functions, from similarities with tumor EVs to measures to revert detrimental consequences on immune responses to cancer.