tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interim Analysis of Mmrf Curecloud Research Initiative Identifies High Prevalence and Patterns of Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) Mutations in a Real World Myeloma Cohort
Authors: Reyka G Jayasinghe, Annette S. Kim, Teni Dowdell, Carrie Cibulskis, Jennifer Yesil, Debanjana Chatterjee, Michele Likens, Shaadi Mehr, Cartik Saravanamuthu, Jean-Baptiste Alberge, Emily Lapinskas, Steven E Labkoff, Keith L Ligon, Hearn Jay Cho, Irene M. Ghobrial, Daniel Auclair
Journal: Blood (2021)
Severity of Covid-19 Clinical Outcomes and Mortality in Multiple Myeloma Patients over Year 1 of the Pandemic
Authors: Joaquín Martínez-López, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Nieves López-Muñoz, Maria Alicia Senin Magan, Maria Dunia De Miguel, Ana López de la Guía, Anna Sureda, Cristina Encinas, Diego Conde Royo, Laura Rosinol, Lucía García Tomás, Jose Angel Hernandez-Rivas, Javier Alberto Rojas, Adrian Alegre, María Jesús Blanchard, Fernando Escalante Barrigón, Esther González Garcia, Belén Iñigo, Pilar Bravo Barahona, F. Javier Penalver, Javier De La Rubia, Noemi Fernandez-Escalada, Jose Maria Alonso Alonso, Joan Bladé, Juan Jose Lahuerta, Javier De La Cruz, Jesús F. San-Miguel
Journal: Blood (2021)
Efficacy and Safety of Azathioprine during Remission of Immune-Mediated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Christian Bichard, Ilaria Mancini, Pasquale Agosti, Pasqualina De Leo, Andrea Artoni, Marco Capecchi, Silvia Maria Trisolini, Claudio Fozza, Flora Peyvandi
Journal: Blood (2021)
Clinical Outcomes of Oligomonocytic Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (OM-CMML) and Predictive Factors of Evolution of OM-CMML into Overt Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML)
Authors: David Roman-Bravo, Leonor Arenillas, Maria Teresa Asensi, Nieves Garcia-Gisbert, Juan Jose Rodriguez-Sevilla, Brayan Merchan, Sara García Ávila, Beatriz Bellosillo, Concepción Fernández-Rodríguez, Lourdes Florensa, Ana Ferrer, Xavier Calvo
Journal: Blood (2021)
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Retrospective Study of the Population of Texas and Florida with an Emphasis on Survival Outcomes on Hispanics Vs Non-Hispanics
Authors: Kana Tai Lucero, Lakene Raissa Djoufack Djoumessi, Joel E Michalek, Qianqian Liu, Adolfo Enrique Diaz Duque
Journal: Blood (2021)
Abstract 13899: Isolated Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis Within A Patient Population At High Risk Of Intravenous Drug Use: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jordan Zaid, Michael W Foster, David Clemons, Jennifer Mitzner, Katherine Doktor, Henry Fraimow, Loheetha Ragupathi, Fredric L Ginsberg
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Tricuspid valve endocarditis (TVE) is associated with intravenous drug use (IVDU) and complicated by numerous disease processes and societal impacts. Our academic medical center treats many TVE patients, predominantly with history of IVDU. We hypothesize that adverse outcomes related to TVE are associated with myriad co-morbidities and that a multidisciplinary approach integrating addiction medicine may improve outcomes and decrease in-hospital mortality. Methods: We conducted a medical record query of patients found to have infective endocarditis involving only the tricuspid valve and treated between July 2018 and January 2021. Baseline demographic data, characteristics and complications of TVE, echocardiographic data, and clinical outcomes were measured. Results: A total of 73 TVE patients were included; 32 were male, 41 were female. Mean age was 36.6 ± 11.8 years. Fifty (68%) patients reported a definite history of IVDU. TVE was associated with tricuspid regurgitation (TR) but TR severity did not correlate with worse outcome (p=0.238). Comorbidities included pulmonary septic emboli, heart failure (HF), pulmonary embolism, abscess, respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (57/80, 71.3%) with similar rates of MSSA and MRSA. Factors associated with in-hospital mortality included presence of prosthetic TV (p=0.005), prior diagnosis of HF (p=0.012), and MRSA infection (p=0.028). (Table 1) Medication-assisted treatment of opioid use disorder was associated with a lower rate of leaving the hospital against medical advice (p=0.006). Conclusions: Given the complexity of disease processes associated with TVE, a multidisciplinary approach to management is necessary. A prospective study following this vulnerable patient population in the inpatient and outpatient setting is warranted to further decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with this devastating disease.
From bulk, single-cell to spatial RNA sequencing
Authors: Xinmin Li, Cun-Yu Wang
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2021)

Abstract RNA sequencing (RNAseq) can reveal gene fusions, splicing variants, mutations/indels in addition to differential gene expression, thus providing a more complete genetic picture than DNA sequencing. This most widely used technology in genomics tool box has evolved from classic bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq), popular single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to newly emerged spatial RNA sequencing (spRNAseq). Bulk RNAseq studies average global gene expression, scRNAseq investigates single cell RNA biology up to 20,000 individual cells simultaneously, while spRNAseq has ability to dissect RNA activities spatially, representing next generation of RNA sequencing. This article highlights these technologies, characteristic features and suitable applications in precision oncology.
Epigenetic Silencing of CD34 in AML and Association with Outcome in KMT2A Fusions
Authors: Rhonda E. Ries, Lisa Eidenschink Brodersen, Laura Pardo, Timothy Junius Triche, Amanda R. Leonti, Jenny L. Smith, Todd A. Alonzo, Jason E Farrar, Yi-Cheng Wang, Alice Dang, Alan S. Gamis, Richard Aplenc, E. Anders Kolb, Michael R. Loken, Soheil Meshinchi
Journal: Blood (2021)
Persecution and a pandemic: delivering maternal healthcare to the Rohingya
Authors: Marty Logan
Journal: BMJ (2021)

freelance journalistIn July, days of torrential rain triggered 320 landslides in the Bangladeshi camps that house almost 900 000 Rohingya refugees.The mudslides killed 19 people and damaged or destroyed over 3000 of the shelters in which the refugees live. 1 For community health workers in these camps, such treacherous conditions are only too familiar.
The Novel Multitarget Small-Molecule Inhibitor SRX3177 Overcomes Ibrutinib Resistance in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Dhananjaya Pal, Cody C. McHale, Samon Benrashid, Poornima Gourabathini, Krishnaiah Maddeboina, Kendra R. Vann, Rajeswaran Mani, Tatiana Kutateladze, Peter Martin, Maurizio Di Liberto, Selina Chen-Kiang, Steven I. Park, Donald L. Durden
Journal: Blood (2021)
Co-Expression of an shRNA Targeting MICA/Micb Improves the Clinical Activity of a NKG2D-Based CAR T in Patients with Relapsed / Refractory AML/MDS
Authors: Dries Deeren, Johan A. Maertens, Tara L. Lin, Yves Beguin, Erik Alcantar-Orozco, Marie-Sophie Dheur, Eytan Breman, Nathalie Braun, Caroline Lonez, David Gilham, Anne Flament, Frédéric F. Lehmann
Journal: Blood (2021)
Final Results from a Phase 2 Study of Tipifarnib in Subjects with Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Thomas E. Witzig, Lubomir Sokol, Won Seog Kim, Fátima de la Cruz Vicente, Dolores Caballero, Ranjana Advani, Raquel de Oña, Ana Marin Niebla, María José Terol, Domingo Domenech Eva, Nawal Bendris, Julie Mackey Ahsan, Mollie Leoni, Francine M. Foss
Journal: Blood (2021)
Multicenter Phase II Study to Evaluate Therapeutic Efficacy of Imatinib Mesylate in Patients with Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Dong Won Baek, Joon Ho Moon, Jae-Sook Ahn, Seong Kyu Park, Ik Chan Song, Ho-Sup Lee, Won Sik Lee, Jong Ho Won, Hong Ghi Lee, June-Won Cheong, Yeung-Chul Mun, Chul W. Jung, Je-Hwan Lee, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, Sang Kyun Sohn
Journal: Blood (2021)
85 Detection of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (hACE2R) on human cancer cell lines
Authors: Tarsem Moudgil, Bernard Fox, Hong-Ming Hu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background SARS-CoV-2 infections have delayed administration of treatments for some patients with cancer, increasing the number of avoidable deaths. However, we hypothesized that infection of cancer cells with SARS-CoV-2 might increase the immunogenicity of those cancer cells. Here we sought to determine whether non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) cell lines could be a potential target of SARS-CoV-2, which binds and infects host cells via interactions between the viral spike glycoprotein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (hACE2) receptor. Through an institutional research tissue protocol, our lab has established a panel of cancer cell lines of various histologies. Here we set out to identify whether HNSCC and NSCLC cell lines expressed the hACE2R. We also investigated the expression of neuropilin-1, a molecule reported to facilitate SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Methods Established cell lines were phenotyped by flow cytometric analysis utilizing the anti-hACE2R antibody from Novus Biologicals. Cell lines were also stained with mIgG1 and anti-CD3 antibodies as negative staining controls. Results We identified that three of eight NSCLC cell lines expressed the hACE2R and two of these had strong expression of neuropilin-1. Evaluation of HNSCC cell lines identified seven of seven cell lines expressed detectable levels of hACE2R but only one of seven HNSCC celllines expressed substantial levels of neuropilin-1. Preliminary evaluation of a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line revealed strong staining for hACE2R. Conclusions Our study found that a majority of HNSCC cell lines (100% n=7) and approximately a third of the NSCLC cell lines (37.5%, n=8) tested express the hACE2R. Some cell lines express both hACE2R and neuropilin-1, potentially increasing their susceptibility for infection with SARS-C0V-2. While these studies were performed with cultured cell lines that may have modulated expression of hACE2R, it is possible that in vivo these tumors express the ACE2R and could serve as a target and possible reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Acknowledgements Support The Chiles foundation, Nancy Lematta
Reply
Authors: Panagiota Palla, Chrysovalantis Vergadis, Stratigoula Sakellariou, Theodoros Androutsakos
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

We are pleased to respond to Drs. Mungmunpuntipantip and Wiwanitkit's observations on our recent paper.[1, 2] We completely agree that it is usually difficult to associate autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)-like syndrome with a drug or vaccine administration. However, more and more cases of post–anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination are being recorded.[3-5] Among them, Tun et al. reported a patient with liver injury after the first vaccine, with improvement until the second dose was administered; after that, the patient had a worsening of liver biochemistry.[5] In our case, the patient underwent excessive laboratory testing, excluding other causes of transaminasemia, including viral hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. Moreover, the patient was followed up for 5 months before liver biopsy (LB) was decided so that other viral causes could be safely excluded. Our patient's LB was consistent with AIH-like syndrome, and she improved with corticosteroid treatment. Overall, we think that even though pinpointing the cause of AIH-like syndrome is a difficult task, we now have cumulating evidence in the literature proving that this syndrome is a rare, but existent, side effect of mRNA-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We would like to thank Dr. Mungmunpuntipantip for his letter, allowing us to further discuss a very interesting matter. Nothing to report.
A Phase I/II Study of Sapacitabine and Venetoclax in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Sai Prasad Desikan, Hagop Kantarjian, Courtney D. DiNardo, Gautam Borthakur, Naval Daver, Naveen Pemmaraju, Yesid Alvarado, Jan A. Burger, Debra Bull Linderman, Sherry A. Pierce, Farhad Ravandi, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Tapan M. Kadia
Journal: Blood (2021)
Abstract 11088: Trend, Predictors and Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve; A National Inpatient Sample Database Analysis
Authors: Waqas Ullah, Fouad Khalil, usman sarwar, Hamza Zahid Ullah Muhammadzai, Salman Zahid, Farah Yasmin, Abdul Minhas, Mahboob Alam, Salim S Virani, David L Fischman
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has increasingly been utilized in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) related to aortic stenosis (AS) with insufficient data on its safety and efficacy. Hypothesis: TAVI in BAV has worst outcomes. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried to identify patients undergoing TAVI for BAV-AS. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), its components [in-hospital mortality, stroke, subsequent myocardial infarction (MI)] and procedure related complications were assessed using a propensity-matched analysis (PSM) to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results: A total of 435,841 TAVI crude and 10,743 matched population [trileaflet aortic valve (TAV) 5347, BAV 5396] was included in the final analysis. On PSM, the adjusted odds of cardiac tamponade (aOR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.90), vascular complications (aOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.24-0.56) and stroke (aOR 0.81, 95% 0.65-1.02) were significantly lower in the BAV group, while there was no difference in the risk of in-hospital mortality, post-procedural myocardial infarction, major bleeding, acute kidney injury (AKI) and need for hemodialysis between the two groups. The yearly trend of in-hospital endpoints showed a steady decline in the overall annual rate of complications among those with BAV undergoing TAVI. Compared to early years, the odds of mortality, MI, need for PPM and IABP were identical between the two groups in 2016-2018. A stratified analysis based on age (&lt;65 vs. &gt;66 years), sex (male vs. female), history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) followed the net results. Conclusion: TAVI utilization in patients with BAV has increased remarkably over the recent years. The resultant risk of procedural complications such as in-hospital mortality, major bleeding and the overall rate of complications are comparable to those having TAV-AS.
Outcomes of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Maintenance Therapy with or without Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Philadelphia Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in First Complete Remission: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Moazzam Shahzad, Muhammad Salman Faisal, Ezza Tariq, Ali Hussain, Muhammad Arslan, Venkata Thammineni, Leena Syed, Alvina Karam, Iqra Anwar, Sibgha Gull Chaudhary, Nausheen Ahmed, Tara L. Lin, Sunil Abhyankar, Peiman Hematti, Joseph P. McGuirk, Muhammad Umair Mushtaq
Journal: Blood (2021)
Abstract 9538: Comparison of Central Aortic Pressures Obtained Using an Invasive Pressure Catheter and the Noninvasive Sphygmocor Device
Authors: Cara Esposito, Priscilla Machado, Ira Cohen, Praveen Mehrotra, Michael P Savage, David L Fischman, Marguerite Davis, Nicholas J Ruggiero, Paul Walinsky, Maureen McDonald, Kristopher Dickie, Flemming Forsberg, Jaydev K Dave
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: The SphygmoCor (ATCOR, Naperville, IL) device utilizes a generalized transfer function based on patient’s age and gender to derive the aortic pressure pulse from the brachial-cuff based pressure measurements. This study compared aortic pressures obtained using SphygmoCor with aortic pressures obtained during cardiac catheterization. Hypothesis: Mean differences in aortic pressures obtained using SphygmoCor and pressure catheters will be less than 5 mmHg. Methods: After IRB approval, 136 patients were enrolled. During standard-of-care catheterization procedure, aortic pressure measurements were obtained using fluid-filled catheters. In a subset of patients (n = 13) the aortic pressure values were also obtained using solid-state high-fidelity Millar catheters. Immediately after the catheterization procedure, while the patients were still in the catheterization laboratory (on the procedure table), central aortic pressures were estimated with the SphygmoCor device. The measured and estimated aortic pressures were compared using linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. A linear fit was performed to derive an additional transfer function to convert SphygmoCor pressure values to catheter-based aortic pressures, and the resulting differences in pressure values were compared. A bootstrap analysis was performed to test the generalizability of this transfer function. Results: Mean differences in systolic, diastolic and pulse aortic pressures obtained using the two techniques ranged from 6.5 to 18.0 mmHg (p &lt; 0.001). In the subset with high-fidelity catheters, the differences ranged from 8.0 to 18.9 mmHg. With the linear-fit transfer function, the differences in systolic, diastolic and pulse aortic pressures were low (&lt; 1 mmHg) corresponding to a reduction in bias noted with Bland-Altman analysis. The bootstrap analysis of the transfer function (100 iterations) achieved a coefficient of variation for the root mean square error &lt; 8.4% for systolic, diastolic and pulse aortic pressures. Conclusions: The magnitude of the differences between the SphygmoCor-estimated and catheter-based systolic, diastolic and pulse aortic pressures reduced considerably after using the linear-fit transfer function derived in this study.
<i>Functional Consequence and Therapeutic Targeting of Cryptic ALK Fusions (ALK fus) in Monosomy7 AML</i>
Authors: Makia K. Manselle, Tiffany A. Hylkema, Amanda R. Leonti, Rhonda E. Ries, Quy Le, Scott N Furlan, Soheil Meshinchi
Journal: Blood (2021)
Recent advances in the development of allosteric protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors for drug discovery
Authors: Reham M. Elhassan, Xuben Hou, Hao Fang
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2021)

Abstract Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) superfamily catalyzes tyrosine de‐phosphorylation which affects a myriad of cellular processes. Imbalance in signal pathways mediated by PTPs has been associated with development of many human diseases including cancer, metabolic, and immunological diseases. Several compelling evidence suggest that many members of PTP family are novel therapeutic targets. However, the clinical development of conventional PTP‐based active‐site inhibitors originally was hampered by the poor selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties. In this regard, PTPs has been widely dismissed as “undruggable.” Nonetheless, allosteric modulation has become increasingly an influential and alternative approach that can be exploited for drug development against PTPs. Unlike active‐site inhibitors, allosteric inhibitors exhibit a remarkable target‐selectivity, drug‐likeness, potency, and in vivo activity. Intriguingly, there has been a high interest in novel allosteric PTPs inhibitors within the last years. In this review, we focus on the recent advances of allosteric inhibitors that have been explored in drug discovery and have shown an excellent result in the development of PTPs‐based therapeutics. A special emphasis is placed on the structure–activity relationship and molecular mechanistic studies illustrating applications in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.
Navigating between Scylla and Charybdis: challenges and strategies for implementing guideline‐directed medical therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Petar M. Seferović, Marija Polovina, Christopher Adlbrecht, Jan Bělohlávek, Ovidiu Chioncel, Eva Goncalvesová, Ivan Milinković, Avishay Grupper, Róbert Halmosi, Ginta Kamzola, Konstantinos C. Koskinas, Yuri Lopatin, Alexander Parkhomenko, Pentti Põder, Arsen D. Ristić, Gintarė Šakalytė, Matias Trbušić, Meiramgul Tundybayeva, Bojan Vrtovec, Yoto T. Yotov, Davor Miličić, Piotr Ponikowski, Marco Metra, Giuseppe Rosano, Andrew J.S. Coats
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)
Updated Analysis Confirms Sustained Poor Prognosis of COVID-19 in Patients with Lymphoma in Latin America: A Cohort of 160 Patients from Gell
Authors: Guilherme Fleury Perini, Luis Villela, Brady E Beltran, Denisse Castro, Victoria Otero, Mariana Kalmus, Lorena Fiad, Camila Peña, Henry Idrobo, Myrna Candelaria, Alana Von Glasenapp, Ivan Perdomo, Carolina Feres, Maria Virginia Prates, Sally Rose Paredes, Fernando Perez-Jacobo, Ana Florencia Ramirez-Ibarguen, Claudia Gajardo, Macarena Alejandra Roa Salinas, Melani Otañez, Fabiola Valvert, Leonardo Javier Arcuri, Efreen Montaño Figueroa, Marcos Di Stefano, Rosio Baena, Juan Antonio Choque, Virginia Abello, Ximena Valladares, Sofia Sanchez, Cristaldo Nancy, Daniela Zambrano, Juan Felipe Lasso, Andrea Noboa, Christine Rojas, Larissa LC Teixeira, Juan Alejandro Ospina, Marialejandra Alejandra Torres Viera, Eduardo Sotomayor, Humberto Martinez, Jorge J. Castillo, Alan Skarbnik, Luis Malpica Castillo
Journal: Blood (2021)
"Snapshotting" Somatic Hypermutation in Single Follicular Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Juleta H. Sepulveda-Yanez, Diego Alvarez-Saravia, Edwin Quinten, Roberta Menafra, Susan L. Kloet, Ramin Monajemi, Szymon M. Kielbasa, Marcelo Navarrete Signorile, Cornelis A.M. van Bergen, Hendrik Veelken
Journal: Blood (2021)
Loss of Spleen Visualization on Whole-Body Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and High Tumor Burden
Authors: Toshiki Terao, Youichi Machida, Ukihide Tateishi, Takafumi Tsushima, Kentaro Narita, Daisuke Ikeda, Ami Fukumoto, Ayumi Kuzume, Rikako Tabata, Daisuke Miura, Masami Takeuchi, Kosei Matsue
Journal: Blood (2021)
315 Application of the SITC immunotherapy resistance taskforce definitions of anti-PD-1 resistance to studies evaluating patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: Irene Shui, Emilie Scherrer, Andrew Frederickson, Eric Druyts, Hussein Tawbi
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background Until the recent 2020 publication by the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Immunotherapy Resistance Taskforce, there was little consensus on defining primary and secondary resistance to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 monotherapy. Our objective was to characterize the clinical outcomes reported in peer-reviewed literature when categorized according to the SITC definitions. Methods A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (September 2015 - September 2020). Data were extracted on the proportion of patients with progressive disease (PD), and SITC criteria were applied to define resistance (table 1). Results Thirty six studies were included, yielding 55 patient cohorts with data on PD; 42 cohorts reported PD specifically by best overall response, while 13 cohorts provided another definition of response. Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1 was most commonly used (37 cohorts), followed by immune-RECIST (7 cohorts). Twenty four cohorts reporting PD also had data on length of drug exposure, 13 on duration of response, 22 on utilization of a confirmatory scan, and 1 on whether progression occurred within 12 weeks of the last dose of therapy; no studies reported on all 4 criteria. We were able to partially apply SITC criteria for primary resistance to 42 of 55 cohorts and the proportion of patients with primary resistance ranged from 25% to 81%. Only a few studies had data on secondary resistance, but none provided enough granularity to fully categorize secondary resistance by SITC. Abstract 315 Table 1 SITC definitions of primary and secondary resistance in advanced disease Conclusions The majority of studies in this SLR did not report complete criteria to apply the SITC definitions; however, partial categorization of primary resistance was possible. The patient characteristics and outcomes reported varied, thus the data assessed were heterogeneous. Future studies should consider utilizing the SITC consensus definitions to harmonize how resistance is classified and facilitate meaningful context for clinical activity.