tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis codes overestimate the burden of prostate cancer cases.
Authors: Tori Anglin-Foote, Kyung Min Lee, Brian Robison, Patrick Alba, Scott L. DuVall, Julie Ann Lynch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

72 Background: Identifying cancer cases within the electronic health record (EHR) or claims data can be challenging because diagnosis codes are often entered into patient records during routine screenings or as “rule out” diagnosis codes when the patient is referred to a procedure. To improve accuracy of prostate cancer (PCa) case ascertainment, we compared algorithms that used diagnoses codes to natural language processing (NLP) tools applied to clinical notes and pathology reports to identify Veterans with prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study using VA EHR data to identify veterans diagnosed with PCa between 2000 and 2020. Using International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10 CM or ICD-9 CM) diagnosis and procedure codes, we identified veterans who may have PCa. We deployed validated NLP tools to identify the presence of Gleason score, metastatic PCa, and castration sensitivity to identify evidence of PCa within the notes. We conducted a descriptive analysis to compare the results of algorithms that relied exclusively on diagnosis codes compared to use of NLP tools. Results: From 2000 through 2020,1,031,296 veterans had one or more PCa diagnosis code. This number decreased by 11% for each additional PCa diagnosis code required. When we required 4 or more PCa diagnosis codes to be present, only 746,350 veterans had PCa. When we deployed NLP tools to identify mention of a Gleason score or an indicator of mPCa, only 685,847 Veterans had these indicators of PCa, a 35% decrease in the number of PCa cases with a single diagnosis code. Chart review of patients with their first PCa diagnosis codes in 2019 and 4 or more codes in their records illustrated no evidence of Gleason score or mPCa disease in their EHR. Analysis of their pathology reports revealed that these patients had prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical small acinar proliferation and had not yet developed prostate cancer. Conclusions: Accurate ascertainment of PCa using EHR and claims data requires using NLP tools and clinical notes combined with structured data sources such as diagnosis codes. Relying on ICD diagnosis codes alone will overestimate the burden of PCa up to 30%.
For and Against Routine Replacement of Peripheral Venous Catheters—Reply
Authors: Niccolò Buetti, Mohamed Abbas, Walter Zingg
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Second International Conference on the Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Second International Conference on the Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 2, August 1978, Page 619, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.2.619-c Published: 01 August 1978
Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: D. Stafford-Clark
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Anorexia NervosaSIR,-Dr.E. Williams's review of fifty-three cases of this disorder treated over fifty-six years (Journal, July 26, p. 190) combines disarming diligence with a lamentable although possibly innocent tendentiousness.The title was presum- ably deliberately provocative: it could have no other justi- fication, since every single one of the authorities whom he himself quotes in discussing the aetiology of the condition acknowledges its psychogenic basis.But surely our front as
Immunologic aspects of ulcerative colitis
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A multi-axis robot-based bioprinting system supporting natural cell function preservation and cardiac tissue fabrication
Authors: Zeyu Zhang, Chenming Wu, Chengkai Dai, Qingqing Shi, Guoxin Fang, Dongfang Xie, Xiangjie Zhao, Yong-Jin Liu, Charlie C.L. Wang, Xiu-Jie Wang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)
Antivivisection.
Authors: O L Wade
Journal: BMJ (1983)

present knowledge, we could take 6-5 mmol/l as the upper limit for primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease and 4 9 mmol/l as the lower limit to avoid the possibility of developing cancer of the colon.Reduction in serum cholesterol concentration should be achieved initially by modification of the fat content of the diet complemented by an adequate intake of 5-carotene and fibre supplied by liberal additions of vegetables, cereals, and fruit.
Antiseizure Medication Concentrations During Pregnancy
Authors: Page B. Pennell, Ashwin Karanam, Kimford J. Meador, Elizabeth Gerard, Laura Kalayjian, Patricia Penovich, Abigail Matthews, Thomas M. McElrath, Angela K. Birnbaum, Morris Cohen, Maurice Druzin, Richard Finnell, Gregory Holmes, Lorene Nelson, Zachary Stowe, Linda Van Marter, Peter Wells, Mark Yerby, Eugene Moore, Ryan May, Dominic Ippolito, Carrie Brown, Chelsea Robalino, Julia Skinner, Lisa Davis, Nilay Shah, Brenda Leung, Mark Friedman, Hayley Loblein, Traci Sheer, Suzanne Strickland, Erin Latif, Yong Park, Delmaris Acosta-Cotte, Patty Ray, Alison Pack, Kirsten Cleary, Joyce Echo, Annette Zygmunt, Camilla Casadei, Evan Gedzelman, Mary Dolan, Kim Ono, Donald Bearden, Christine Ghilian, Diane Teagarden, Melanee Newman, Paul McCabe, Michael Paglia, Cora Taylor, Rosemarie Delucca, Kristina Blessing, Paula Emanuela Voinescu, Katrina Boyer, Ellen Hanson, Amy Young, Paige Hickey, Jolie Strauss, Hayley Madeiros, Li Chen, Stephanie Allien, Yvonne Sheldon, Taylor Weinau, Gregory L Barkley, Marianna Spanaki-Varelas, Andrea Thomas, Jules Constantinou, Nazin Mahmood, Vibhangini Wasade, Shailaja Gaddam, Andrew Zillgitt, Taimur Anwar, Carla Sandles, Theresa Holmes, Emily Johnson, Gregory Krauss, Shari Lawson, Alison Pritchard, Matthew Ryan, Pam Coe, Julie Hanna, Katie Reger, Jenny Pohlman, Alisha Olson, Jacqueline French, William Schweizer, Chris Morrison, William MacAllister, Tobi Clements, Sean Hwang, Hima Bindu Tam, Yael Cukier, Erica Meltzer, Jacqueline Helcer, Connie Lau, William Grobman, Joseph Coda, Emily Miller, Irena Bellinski, Elizabeth Bachman, Casey Krueger, Jordan Seliger, Jennifer DeWolfe, John Owen, Matthew Thompson, Cheryl Hall, David Labiner, James Maciulla, Jennifer Moon, Kayla Darris, Jannifer Cavitt, Michael Privitera, Kellie Flood-Schaffer, George Jewell, Lucy Mendoza, Enrique Serrano, Yasin Salih, Christin Bermudez, Michelle Miranda, Naymee Velez-Ruiz, Pedro Figueredo, Anto Bagic, Alexandra Urban, Satya Gedela, Christina Patterson, Arundhathi Jeyabalan, Krestin Radonovich, Melissa Sutcliffe, Susan Beers, Carrie Wiles, Sandra Alhaj, Alice Stek, Sonia Perez, Rachel Sierra, Jeffrey Tsai, John W Miller, Jennie Mao, Vaishali Phatak, Michelle Kim, Andrea Cheng-Hakimian, Gina DeNoble, Maria Sam, Lamar Parker, Melissa Morris, Jessica Dimos, Danielle Miller
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

During pregnancy in women with epilepsy, lower blood concentrations of antiseizure medications can have adverse clinical consequences.
Deaths
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Children and Adolescents Aged 18 Years or Younger — United States, 2022
Authors: A. Patricia Wodi, Neil Murthy, Henry Bernstein, Veronica McNally, Sybil Cineas, Kevin Ault
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

At its November 2021 meeting, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices* (ACIP) approved the Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for Ages 18 Years or Younger-United States, 2022. The 2022 child and adolescent immunization schedule, found on the CDC immunization schedule website (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules), summarizes ACIP recommendations, including several changes from the 2021 immunization schedule† on the cover page, tables, and notes. The 2022 child and adolescent schedule also includes a newly created appendix that lists the contraindications and precautions for all vaccine types in the schedule. Health care providers are advised to use the tables, notes, and appendix together. This immunization schedule is recommended by ACIP (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip) and approved by CDC (https://www.cdc.gov), the American Academy of Pediatrics (https://www.aap.org), the American Academy of Family Physicians (https://www.aafp.org), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (http://www.acog.org), the American College of Nurse-Midwives (https://www.midwife.org), the American Academy of Physician Associates (https://www.aapa.org), and the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (https://www.napnap.org).
Nanotechnology: Thinking Small
Authors: Mike May
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Nanotechnology--building devices on the atomic scale--may unleash some big scientific advances early in the new millennium. Last January in Arlington, Virginia, nearly 100 representatives from academia, industry, and government laid out the general goals for the next decade of nanotechnology research by U.S. government agencies. Some predict that the potentially rich opportunities in this field may trigger a nanotechnology initiative in the federal budget request for Fiscal Year 2001. In the meantime, Congress has asked the NIEHS to explore how nanotechnology might be used to address environmental heath problems.
Abstract 293: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation Causes Immunodeficiency That Involves the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
Authors: Yuntian Shen, Qiang Zhao, Jiangbo Wu, Zhuoran Wang, Wei Yang
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with high mortality and morbidity, which is in part due to infectious complications developed in CA patients. Infection complications, particularly pneumonia, occur in approximately 60% of CA patients. Given this high incidence, we hypothesized that after CA, the immune system is impaired, which increases the susceptibility of CA patients to potential infections. Therefore, in this study, we systematically examined the immune response in the brain and peripheral immune organs after CA. Methods: Mice were subjected to CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). Flow cytometry, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR were used to analyze the immune response in various post-CA organs. Results: First, we characterized the time course of the immune response in the spleen after CA/CPR. CA/CPR induced significant changes in all major immune cell populations. Notably, B cell frequencies decreased, while T cell frequencies increased, in various organs on day 3 post-CA. Further, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, eg IL-6, were markedly increased in the blood and brain after CA. Critically, we found that the lymphocyte counts in the spleen and thymus were dramatically lower in CA mice than in sham mice. Interestingly, CA/CPR caused progressive atrophy of the spleen and thymus. Since it has been shown that CA/CPR alters activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, we speculated that CA-induced atrophy of lymphoid organs is mediated by the HPA axis. Thus, we treated CA mice with RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. Indeed, this treatment reversed CA-induced organ atrophy and mitigated immune cell depletion, both in the thymus and spleen. Conclusions: We provided for the first time evidence that CA/CPR rapidly induced a systemic inflammatory response followed by impairment of the immune system, which eventually led to a massive loss of immune cells in the peripheral immune organs. This CA-induced immunodeficiency appears to be mediated by dysregulation of the HPA axis. Our findings here may be of high clinical significance, considering the high incidence of infectious complications in CA patients and their detrimental effects on CA outcome.
CEPHALIC TETANUS
Authors: J. A. Jenkins, G. M. F. Barnett
Journal: BMJ (1929)

AVE w-isl to mecord the followin`g Ca.se of enad tetanlus as it an uicomimion condition, not often reported, andl con- seqjuently iiot well known to thie pi-olessionl.CLINICAL NOTES OF CASE.A well-developed bov.aged 12 years.was referred oni Decem-i her 15th.1927, with-i the followinig history.A wecek previouisly he had beeim struick witlh a cricket bat oni the right side of tIje face.The clheek anid side of the imose had beenl bruised.anid aii irmegulari wounid caused.This had disclharged teely, aimd a spliiitei of w-vood hiad appeared three days afte-time accideAt.Five clays after the injuiry facial paralysis appeared oni the iight side.and the next day lhe noticed thiat llhe jaw-s w ere stiff aiid he could ii(.t open his moutlh.He ra)idly appeared to become ve-ry ill, and tOle rigidity of the jaws 'had imecommie extreme.On examilnation his general appearance suggested an over- whlelniing toxa;emia.He was of a greyish colour.restless.and eriotiomial, anid his respiration was sliglitlv laboured.w-ith a .rattleduie to mnucus collecting ini his respiratory tract.There was complete facial paralysis OII the right side.Trismtms was inteiise.and hle was unable to speak or swallow.He liad slight spasm of the facial muscles on the left side.The mulseles of then-ec-k vere not appieciably affected.There was some livper- tont)Us of the arms.
Penicillin Pastilles
Authors: A. MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (1947)

much to reduce the need for severe mechanical traumatization, whi e it is the fact that ether and, to a smaller degree, the other relaxing inhalational anaesthetics are potent agents in predispos- ing towards ileus from the second cause.Here again the use of curare by permitting the administration of reduced quanti- ties of inhalational intestinal depressants should lessen the chances of development of post-operative ileus.The effect of curare itself on the gut was at first claimed in the U.S.A. to be parasympatheticomimetic.Workers in this country, possibly because of the greater purity of the product used, have been unable to confirm this; but as far as I know nobody has yet considered it to have the reverse action, and until some experi- mental evidence is produced that it does have any such adverse effect I see no reason why such a disadvantage should be imputed to it.-Iam, etc.,
Community Care Act has targeted care better
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Leg symptoms do not correlate with varicose veinsSurgery for varicose veins costs the NHS £400-600m a year yet there is little evidence that it reduces lower limb symptoms.In the Edinburgh vein study (p 353) men and women aged 18-64 completed a questionnaire on the presence of lower limb symptoms and were examined to determine the presence and extent of trunk varices.Women were significantly more likely than men to report heaviness or tension, swelling, aching, restless legs, cramps, and itching.The level of agreement between the presence of symptoms and trunk varices was low, especially in men.These results suggest that, even in the presence of trunk varices, most leg symptoms have a non-venous cause and that surgery is unlikely to ameliorate them.
Systematic comparison of published host gene expression signatures for bacterial/viral discrimination
Authors: Nicholas Bodkin, Melissa Ross, Micah T. McClain, Emily R. Ko, Christopher W. Woods, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Ricardo Henao, Ephraim L. Tsalik
Journal: Genome Medicine (2022)

Abstract Background Measuring host gene expression is a promising diagnostic strategy to discriminate bacterial and viral infections. Multiple signatures of varying size, complexity, and target populations have been described. However, there is little information to indicate how the performance of various published signatures compare to one another. Methods This systematic comparison of host gene expression signatures evaluated the performance of 28 signatures, validating them in 4589 subjects from 51 publicly available datasets. Thirteen COVID-specific datasets with 1416 subjects were included in a separate analysis. Individual signature performance was evaluated using the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC) value. Overall signature performance was evaluated using median AUCs and accuracies. Results Signature performance varied widely, with median AUCs ranging from 0.55 to 0.96 for bacterial classification and 0.69–0.97 for viral classification. Signature size varied (1–398 genes), with smaller signatures generally performing more poorly ( P &lt; 0.04). Viral infection was easier to diagnose than bacterial infection (84% vs. 79% overall accuracy, respectively; P &lt; .001). Host gene expression classifiers performed more poorly in some pediatric populations (3 months–1 year and 2–11 years) compared to the adult population for both bacterial infection (73% and 70% vs. 82%, respectively; P &lt; .001) and viral infection (80% and 79% vs. 88%, respectively; P &lt; .001). We did not observe classification differences based on illness severity as defined by ICU admission for bacterial or viral infections. The median AUC across all signatures for COVID-19 classification was 0.80 compared to 0.83 for viral classification in the same datasets. Conclusions In this systematic comparison of 28 host gene expression signatures, we observed differences based on a signature’s size and characteristics of the validation population, including age and infection type. However, populations used for signature discovery did not impact performance, underscoring the redundancy among many of these signatures. Furthermore, differential performance in specific populations may only be observable through this type of large-scale validation.
American trypanosomiasis.
Authors: P D Marsden
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Let us go into a four bedded ward in our hospital in Brasilia to see some patients with Chagas' disease.In the bed on the left nearest the door is a man with obvious congestive heart failure with distinct peri- pheral oedema, yet he is not noticeably breathless because the myocarditis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is biventricular.The right ventricular failure spares the lungs to some extent so that pulmonary oedema is not noticeable.Examination shows a clinically enlarged heart and signs of tricuspid incompetence-namely, a prominent V wave in the jugular venous pulse, a pulsatile tender hepatomegaly, and a regurgitant systolic tricuspid murmur that varies with respiration.This is a functional valvular lesion due to ventricular dilatation, for the parasite does not affect the valves but destroys the muscle fibres.The man is only 32 but has a right sided hemiplegia due to an intracardiac clot embolising to the internal capsule.Next to him is a man, also under 40, who cannot go to the toilet without turning blue and falling down in a fit due to Adams-Stokes disease.His pulse is only 30 a minute.He has a complete heart block due to destruction of his cardiac conducting system by the parasite.He has been admiitted for implantation of a