tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 014: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Mental Stress-induced Myocardial Ischemia And Cardiovascular Outcomes In Patients With CAD
Authors: Zakaria Almuwaqqat, an young, Mariana Garcia, Samaah Sullivan, Bruno B Lima, Jeong Hwan Kim, mhmtJamil alkhalaf, Kasra Moazzami, Emily Driggers, Yi-an Ko, Tene T Lewis, Amit J Shah, Ernest V Garcia, J Douglas Bremner, Arshed A Quyyumi, Viola Vaccarino
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSI) is a risk marker for adverse outcomes among coronary artery disease (CAD) that is more prevalent among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hypothesis: CAD patients with PTSD who develop MSI experience a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events compared with those who do not develop MSI. Methods: We studied 995 individuals with stable CAD who participated in two contemporary cohort studies with similar protocols, the Mental Stress Ischemia Prognosis Study (MIPS), and the Myocardial Infarction and Mental Stress Study (MIMS). Provocation of myocardial ischemia with a standardized mental stress test (speech task) was assessed with single-photon emission computed tomography. PTSD was assessed with the structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV. Participants were categorized into four groups based on their MSI and PTSD status. The primary endpoint was a composite outcome of cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or heart failure hospitalization. Cox regression models were used to investigate the interaction of PTSD and MSI on the study endpoint in the two samples pooled with meta-analysis. Results: In total, 603 participants in MIPS and 392 in MIMS were included. MSI occurred in 16% of the patients in MIPS and 17% in MIMS. Over a 5-year median follow-up, there were 126 outcome events in MIPS and 117 in MIMS. In Cox regression models with adjustment for demographic and clinical risk factors, participants with both MSI and PTSD had a higher risk for the study endpoint, compared to those with neither. In contrast, participants with PTSD or MSI but not both were not at a higher risk ( p interaction=0.01). Separate analyses in the two studies were consistent. Conclusions: There is a synergistic association of PTSD and MSI on adverse outcomes in CAD patients. These findings support the confluence of chronic mental health vulnerability with acute stress responses in defining elevated risk in CAD patients.patients.
Abstract 14769: Outcomes of a Smartphone-based Application With Live Health-coaching Post-percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kaavya Paruchuri, Phoebe Finneran, Nicholas A Marston, Emma W Healy, John Andreo, Ryan Lynch, Alexander Blood, Maeve Jones-O'Connor, Bradley Lander, Noreen Kelly, Maria T Vivaldi, Kate Traynor, Stephen D Wiviott, Pradeep Natarajan
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The period between inpatient hospitalization for symptomatic CAD and post-discharge office consultation remains a vulnerable interval for adverse outcomes. Tools to help guide patients during this susceptible time are needed. Methods: We customized content on a digital health platform for hospitalized patients receiving PCI which included education, tracking, reminders and health coaches. We conducted a single-arm open-label pilot study of the application (app) to test feasibility and efficacy at two academic medical centers with 1:3 propensity-matched historical controls (NCT03416920). We assessed whether the app led to excess 30-day hospital readmission, improved outpatient cardiovascular follow up (CVFU) and increased cardiac rehabilitation (CR) enrollment in our health system (MGB). Differences were assessed by Cox Proportional Hazards model. Results: 118 of 324 eligible (36.4%) were enrolled during incident PCI admission 02/18-06/19. 68 of 118 (57.6%) underwent PCI for MI. Mean age was 62.4 (9.7) years, 87 (73.7%) were male, 40 (33.9%) had DM2, and 59 (50.0%) had previously known CAD. There was no significant difference in all-cause readmission within 30 or 90 days. However, rates of both 90-day CR enrollment and 1-month CVFU were increased. App engagement was high – mean 47% daily and 63% weekly engagement within the first 90 days. Spearman correlation analyses indicated similar engagement across age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: A post-PCI smartphone app, with live health coaches, deployed upon discharge is feasible with similar engagement across demographics. Compared to historical controls, use of the app did not affect short-term hospital readmission but was associated with two-fold increased attendance in CR. Prospective randomized controlled trials are necessary to test the hypothesis that this digital health platform post-PCI improves cardiovascular outcomes over longer follow-up.
Selective Janus kinase inhibition preserves interferon-λ–mediated antiviral responses
Authors: Daniel Schnepf, Stefania Crotta, Thiprampai Thamamongood, Megan Stanifer, Laura Polcik, Annette Ohnemus, Juliane Vier, Celia Jakob, Miriam Llorian, Hans Henrik Gad, Rune Hartmann, Birgit Strobl, Susanne Kirschnek, Steeve Boulant, Martin Schwemmle, Andreas Wack, Peter Staeheli
Journal: Science Immunology (2021)

TYK2 is required for efficient IFN-α/β signaling but dispensable for IFN-λ–mediated antiviral protection in epithelial cells.
Abstract 15793: Joint Prediction of Hard Ascvd by Pooled Cohorts Equations Risk and Presence of Breast Arterial Calcification: The Minerva Study
Authors: Carlos Iribarren, Malini Chandra, Gabriela Sanchez, Danny Sam, Fatemeh Azamian-Bidgoli, Cho Hyo-Min, Ding Ding, Sabee Molloi
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Prior studies have documented independent associations of breast arterial calcification (BAC) detected on mammographic screening with coronary artery disease or prospective cardiovascular disease outcomes. This study aims to ascertain the additional predictive ability for hard atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) imparted by presence of BAC on top of the 10-year AHA/ACC Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) Risk estimator. Hypothesis: BAC presence on mammograms will help further risk stratify women for risk of ASCVD. Methods: We used data from MINERVA, a multiethnic cohort of women aged 60 to 79 years at baseline (2012-15), free of symptomatic CVD, and recruited after mammography screening at Kaiser Permanente of Northern California. The sample available for analyses with complete data on BAC and PCE was 5,046. A BAC continuous mass score (mg) was obtained from digital mammograms using a validated densitometry method. BAC presence was BAC score &gt; 0 mg. Follow-up for hospitalization and death was through 5/31/20 (mean, 6.2 years). We defined hard ASCVD as acute myocardial infarction or stroke or CVD death (n=122 events). Results: The mean (SD) age at baseline was 66 (4) years; 47 percent were non-white. Overall, 26.4 percent had a BAC score &gt; 0 mg, 33 percent had low (&lt; 5%), 36 percent intermediate (between 5 and 10%) and 31 percent high (&gt; 10%) PCE risk. Using Cox models, there was a graded association by level of PCE risk and, within each level of PCE risk, women with BAC presence were at higher risk for ASCVD than women without BAC. In models adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education level, BMI, statin use, menopausal hormone therapy, breast feeding and parity, being in the intermediate PCE risk group (relative to being at low PCE risk and having no BAC) was associated with 3.1 (95% CI, 1.5 - 6.5) increased hazard of ASCVD when no BAC was present and with 3.8 (95% CI, 1.7 - 8.7) increased hazard of ASCVD when BAC was present. Corresponding hazard ratios for women in the high PCE risks were 4.3 (95% CI, 1.9-9.6) and 7.5 (95% CI, 3.1-17.8), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings support additional predictive utility of BAC for ASCVD. In women at intermediate or high risk for ASCVD, BAC presence may help guide primary prevention.
The 510(k) Ancestry of Transvaginal Mesh
Authors: Jeremy Rosh, Chaim M. Bell, David R. Urbach
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

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POS1454-HPR AESTHETIC IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: A CASE CONTROL STUDY USING A SEMI-QUANTITATIVE SCALE FOR BODY IMAGE ASSESSMENT
Authors: M. M. Farhat, P. Guerreschi, S. Morell-Dubois, V. Deken, J. Labreuche, S. Sanges, V. Sobanski, E. Hachulla, O. Cottencin, D. Launay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrotic autoimmune disease characterized by dermatological involvement. Skin involvement can alter appearance, which can have a psychological impact(1). Assessment of body image could be central in optimizing care. Yet, data are scarce(2). Objectives: The main objective of our study was to assess aesthetic impairment measured on a visual aesthetic scale (AES) (3) in patients with SSc compared to a group of healthy subjects. Secondary objectives were to assess associations between aesthetic impairment and standardized questionnaires for aesthetic impairment as well as clinical, biological, psychological/quality of life, and functional parameters of SSc. Methods: The “Sclero-esthet” study is a descriptive single-center study of two populations: patients with SSc, included in a referral center for systemic and autoimmune diseases at Lille Hospital, France, and healthy controls. Results: This study, from January 2017 to October 2017, included 88 patients (69 [78.4%] women) with a median age of 52 years (range: 43 to 59) and 88 controls (49 [55.7%] women) with a median age of 45 years (range: 32 to 55). Perception of physical changes assessed using the AES was greater in cases than in controls (3.7 ± 0.3 vs 2.8 ± 0.3, p=0.028), with statistical correlation with ASWAP. SSc patients with anxiety or depressive symptoms had significantly higher AES scores. Cases presented poorer quality of life than controls. Conclusion: The AES appears to be a good tool to evaluate aesthetic impairment. Correlations found with psychological and quality of life parameters support the need to improve patient management in this field. References: [1]Cash TF. Body image: past, present, and future. Body Image 2004;1(1):1–5. [2]Benrud-Larson LM, Heinberg LJ, Boling C, Reed J, White B, Wigley FM. Body image dissatisfaction among women with scleroderma: extent and relationship to psychosocial function. Health Psychol mars. 2003;22(2):130–9. [3]Nguyen C, Ranque B, Baubet T, Bérezné A, Mestre-Stanislas C, Rannou F, et al. Clinical, Functional and Health-Related Quality of Life Correlates of Clinically Significant Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Survey. PLoS ONE 2014;9(2). [4]Heinberg LJ, Kudel I, White B, Kwan A, Medley K, Wigley F. Assessing body image in patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): Validation of the Adapted Satisfaction with Appearance Scale. Body Image 2007;4(1):79–86. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Abstract 13562: <i>COQ8B</i> : A Candidate Genetic Modifier of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Severity
Authors: Benjamin J Landis, Dongbing Lai, Dongchuan Guo, Joel S Corvera, Gavin U Needler, Courtney E Vujakovich, Dianna M Milewicz, Robert B Hinton, Stephanie M Ware
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a latent aortopathy that predisposes to life-threatening aortic dissection. Personalized prediction of the risk for progressive aortic dilation and dissection is currently limited. The identification of genetic modifiers may facilitate more precise risk prediction and optimize clinical decisions. We previously identified COQ8B , a gene important for mitochondrial biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, as a candidate modifier of TAA severity. Biological evidence for a mitochondrial role in TAA pathogenesis includes severe mitochondrial ultrastructural defects in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and nitrated tyrosine residues in TAA tissues consistent with oxidative stress. In this study, we hypothesized that a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3865452 in COQ8B (c.521A&gt;G, p.H174R) modifies the rate of aortic root dilation. Forty-eight patients with TAA and a mean age at first echocardiogram of 10 ± 5 years were genotyped for rs3865452. Echocardiograms (mean 6.8 ± 4.0 per patient) were performed clinically over a mean interval of 5.3 ± 4.1 years. In mixed model analysis of longitudinal aortic root Z-scores, the c.521G allele was associated with a decreased rate of aortic root dilation in univariate analysis (p=0.0003) and multivariate analysis (p=0.03) that included sex and genetic syndrome as covariates. Hypothesizing a modifier role for COQ8B , we analyzed a separate cohort of 230 individuals with early onset thoracic aortic dissection. The c.521G allele was less frequent in dissection cases than controls (p=0.04), also consistent with a protective effect for this SNP. To better understand the mechanism of COQ8B effect in TAA, RNA levels of COQ8B in SMCs cultured directly from the aorta were assayed, demonstrating levels 2-fold lower in TAA compared with controls. siRNA knockdown of COQ8B in aortic SMCS resulted in decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased lipid peroxidation, and altered expression of SMC contractile genes. In conclusion, the findings of this study support a modifier role for the rs3865452 SNP in COQ8B in TAA, which may involve mitochondrial pathology and oxidative stress. This suggests that this SNP may be useful for clinical risk prediction.
춘계학술대회 : 포스터전시 ; 고지방조건에서 간세포(HepG2)의 지방산 대사에 미치는 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist와 아연의 효과
Authors: 이용직, 허수학, 이계희
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2007)
Efficacy of Distal Protection by Filtrap Based on Vertial Histology of IVUS in Treating SFA Lesions to Prevent Distal Emboli
Authors: Hashimoto Toru, Misumi Kazuo, Misaki Atsushi, Hoshina Mizuho, Nakamura Ryuta, Kawasaki Tomohiro, Makino Masato, Takase Tetsuro, Ebihara Toshiro, Taniguchi Yu, Shimizu Shiho, Tone Kentaro, Hirose Makoto, Yoshiwara Hirotaka, Itakura Yasumasa, Iizuka Daisuke, Nitta Masamitsu, Yoshida Toshihiko, Kuramochi Takehiko, Kanoh Hiroshi, Inaba Yoshie
Journal: Circulation (2012)
26P Characterization of low HER2 expressions in de-novo metastatic breast cancer
Authors: P. Tarantino, E. Nicolò, P. Zagami, F. Giugliano, P. Trillo Aliaga, E. Crimini, C. Corti, J. Uliano, S. Morganti, L. Mazzarella, C. Criscitiello, A. Esposito, G. Curigliano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Abstract P215: Association Of Lung Function In Mid-life With Central Artery Stiffness Later In Life, The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study
Authors: Kennedy Peter, James R Pike, John Preisser, Anna Kucharska-newton, Michelle Meyer, Priya Palta, Yifei Lu, Kunihiro Matsushita, Maria Mirabelli, Alvin G Thomas, Timothy M Hughes, Gerardo M Heiss
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Poor lung function and aortic stiffness often co-occur, but causal and temporal relationships are equivocal. Investigating relationships between mid-life lung function and arterial stiffness later in life may highlight modifiable targets to slow arterial aging. Objective: Assess whether lung function in mid-life is associated with central artery stiffness later in life, and whether this relationship is modified by baseline smoking status, hypertension, or diabetes. Methods: We included 3,529 ARIC cohort participants (60% women; 22% Black; mean baseline age 51.4 (SD: 4.9)) who attended visits 1 (1987-1989) and 5 (2011-2013). Spirometry included forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) of high-quality grades. Central artery stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV)) was measured at visit 5. Associations of mid-life lung function with later-life central artery stiffness (cfPWV&gt;75 th percentile) were evaluated by multivariable Poisson and logistic regressions adjusted for covariates. Sensitivity analyses excluded participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identified from surveillance of hospitalizations occurring in follow up (N=109). Results: Mean FEV1 at visit 1 was 3.04 L (SD: 0.73) and FVC was 3.99 L (SD: 0.96). Lung function varied by thoracic height. Visits 1 and 5 were a mean of 23.8 years apart, and mean cfPWV at visit 5 was 1167 cm/s (SD: 379). Lung function at visit 1 was inversely associated with adjusted prevalence and odds of later cfPWV&gt;75 th percentile among those present at visit 5 (Table). Stratum-specific estimates suggested modification by baseline smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes, but were not nominally statistically different. Sensitivity analyses did not alter inferences. Conclusion: Lung function at mid-life is inversely associated with central artery stiffness in later life. Whether change in mid-life pulmonary function is associated with arterial stiffness later in life warrants further examination.
라미부딘 투약 후 혈청 HBeAg 소실의 인자로서 투약 후 HBV DNA치
Authors: 정재권, 이창형, 김은영, 정진태, 최준혁, 한지민, 진명인, 조주연, Byung-Seok Kim, 신임희
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2007)

배경/목적: 라미부딘은 만성 B형간염에서 안전하고 효과적인 치료제로 널리 사용되고 있으며 조기에 바이러스의 증식을 강력히 억제하는 약물로 알려져 있다. 라미부딘 치료 중 HBV DNA의 조기억제가 HBeAg 음전을 예측하는 인자로 작용하는 지 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상과 방 법: 본 전향연구는 혈청 HBV DNA가 105 copies/mL 이상, 혈청 AST 또는 ALT치가 정상의 두 배 이상인 환자 중 HBeAg 양성인 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 총 대상 환자수는 74명(평균 연령은 37.1; 남/여, 51/23)이었다. 치료 전, 치료 1개월, 3개월, 6개월, 9개월, 12개월에 각각 HBV DNA치, AST/ALT치, HBeAg과 anti-HBe를 검사하였고 1년간 라미부딘 치료를 하였다. 치료 1년 내에 HBeAg이 소실된 군과 소실되지 않은 군으로 분류하여 HBV DNA치의 조기 억제가 HBeAg 소실에 관여하는지 분석하였다. HBV DNA의 측정은 민 감도가 2×103 copies/mL인 HBV bDNA 정량법으로 검사하였다. 결과: 라미부딘 사용 1년 내에 HBeAg이 소실된 환자는 12명으로 전체의 16.2%였으며 9명에서 혈청전환이 동반되었다. HBeAg이 소실되는 데 걸린 시간은 평균 5.6개월(범위: 1-12개월)이었다. 단변량 분석에서 치료 후 3개월 HBV DNA 2×103 copies/mL 미만(P=0.008)과 치료 후 6개월 HBV DNA 2×103 copies/mL 미만(P= 0.011)이 HBeAg의 소실에 유의한 인자로 나타났다. 치료 전 HBV DNA치와 ALT치, 성별, 나이 및 간경변증 유무 등은 HBeAg의 소실에 영향을 주지 못하였다. 치료 후 3개월 HBV DNA치, 치료 후 6개월 HBV DNA치, 치료 전 AST치를 대상으로 다변량 분석(multivariate logistic regression)을 실시한 결과 치료 후 6개월 HBV DNA치(P=0.008, odds ratio=0.108)가 HBeAg의 소실에 유의한 인자로 나타났다. 결론: 라미부딘 치료 후 6개월 HBV DNA치(<2×103 copies/mL)가 치료 1년 이내 HBeAg의 소실에 관여하는 가장 중요한 인자로 생각된다.
Mitohormesis reprogrammes macrophage metabolism to enforce tolerance
Authors: Greg A. Timblin, Kevin M. Tharp, Breanna Ford, Janet M. Winchester, Jerome Wang, Stella Zhu, Rida I. Khan, Shannon K. Louie, Anthony T. Iavarone, Johanna ten Hoeve, Daniel K. Nomura, Andreas Stahl, Kaoru Saijo
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2021)
The effect of tranexamic acid in unilateral and bilateral total knee arthroplasty in the South Asian population: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Syed Hamza Mufarrih, Azeem Tariq Malik, Nada Qaisar Qureshi, Riaz Hussain Lakdawala, Muhammad Umar Rabbani, Arif Ali, Shahryar Noordin
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2018)
Donor-Derived Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Co-Transplantation Following Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell transplantation: a Multicenter Clinical Study in 35 Severe Aplastic Anemia Children
Authors: Zhenkun Wang, Limin Li, Hongjuan Yu, Fenglin Cao, Yang Xiao, Zenghui Liu, Ce Shi, Zhiyu Liu, Weijia Feng, Xiaolong Liu, Jin Zhou
Journal: Blood (2017)
Comparative Genome Analyses Highlight Transposon-Mediated Genome Expansion and the Evolutionary Architecture of 3D Genomic Folding in Cotton
Authors: Maojun Wang, Jianying Li, Pengcheng Wang, Fang Liu, Zhenping Liu, Guannan Zhao, Zhongping Xu, Liuling Pei, Corrinne E Grover, Jonathan F Wendel, Kunbo Wang, Xianlong Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Abstract Transposable element (TE) amplification has been recognized as a driving force mediating genome size expansion and evolution, but the consequences for shaping 3D genomic architecture remains largely unknown in plants. Here, we report reference-grade genome assemblies for three species of cotton ranging 3-fold in genome size, namely Gossypium rotundifolium (K2), G. arboreum (A2), and G. raimondii (D5), using Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Comparative genome analyses document the details of lineage-specific TE amplification contributing to the large genome size differences (K2, 2.44 Gb; A2, 1.62 Gb; D5, 750.19 Mb) and indicate relatively conserved gene content and synteny relationships among genomes. We found that approximately 17% of syntenic genes exhibit chromatin status change between active (“A”) and inactive (“B”) compartments, and TE amplification was associated with the increase of the proportion of A compartment in gene regions (∼7,000 genes) in K2 and A2 relative to D5. Only 42% of topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries were conserved among the three genomes. Our data implicate recent amplification of TEs following the formation of lineage-specific TAD boundaries. This study sheds light on the role of transposon-mediated genome expansion in the evolution of higher-order chromatin structure in plants.
Human Leukocyte Antigen Profile Predicts Severity of Autoimmune Liver Disease in Children of European Ancestry
Authors: Yun Ma, Haibin Su, Muhammed Yuksel, Maria Serena Longhi, Mark J. McPhail, Pengyun Wang, Sanjay Bansal, Guan‐Wee Wong, Jonathon Graham, Li Yang, Richard J Thompson, Derek G. Doherty, Nedim Hadzic, Yoh Zen, Alberto Quaglia, Michael A. Heneghan, Marianne Samyn, Diego Vergani, Giorgina Mieli‐Vergani
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Background and Aims Genetic predisposition to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in adults is associated with possession of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ( A*01 , B*08 ) and class II ( DRB1*03 , ‐04 , ‐ 07 , or ‐13 ) alleles, depending on geographic region. Juvenile autoimmune liver disease (AILD) comprises AIH‐1, AIH‐2, and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC), which are phenotypically different from their adult counterparts. We aimed to define the relationship between HLA profile and disease course, severity, and outcome in juvenile AILD. Approach and Results We studied 236 children of European ancestry (152 female [64%], median age 11.15 years, range 0.8‐17), including 100 with AIH‐1, 59 with AIH‐2, and 77 with ASC. The follow‐up period was from 1977 to June 2019 (median 14.5 years). Class I and II HLA genotyping was performed using PCR/sequence‐specific primers. HLA B*08 , ‐ DRB1*03 , and the A1‐B8‐DR3 haplotype impart predisposition to all three forms of AILD. Homozygosity for DRB1*03 represented the strongest risk factor (8.8). HLA DRB1*04 , which independently confers susceptibility to AIH in adults, was infrequent in AIH‐1 and ASC, suggesting protection; and DRB1*15 (DR15) was protective against all forms of AILD. Distinct HLA class II alleles predispose to the different subgroups of juvenile AILD: DRB1*03 to AIH‐1, DRB1*13 to ASC, and DRB1*07 to AIH‐2. Possession of homozygous DRB1*03 or of DRB1*13 is associated with fibrosis at disease onset, and possession of these two genes in addition to DRB1*07 is associated with a more severe disease in all three subgroups. Conclusions Unique HLA profiles are seen in each subgroup of juvenile AILD. HLA genotype might be useful in predicting responsiveness to immunosuppressive treatment and course.