tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anti-CD20 mAb-Induced B Cell Apoptosis Generates T Cell Regulation of Experimental Myeloperoxidase ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Poh-Yi Gan, Jonathan Dick, Kim M. O’Sullivan, Virginie Oudin, Anne Cao Le, Daniel Koo Yuk Cheong, Raymond Shim, Maliha Alikhan, A. Richard Kitching, Joshua D. Ooi, Stephen R. Holdsworth
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Significance Statement Myeloperoxidase ANCA-associated vasculitis (MPO-AAV) is an important cause of renal failure. Although rituximab has been shown to effectively attenuate MPO-AAV, its underlying mechanism of action beyond depletion of CD20 + B cells producing ANCA is unknown. Administration of mouse anti-CD20 mAb to a murine anti-MPO GN mouse model reduced not only serum MPO-ANCA but also, T cell responses. Interestingly, anti-CD20 mAb treatment increased the frequency and functional potency of Tregs. Administration of anti-CD20 mAb rendered B cells apoptotic and resulted in the attenuation of anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN. This highlights a novel pathway by which anti-CD20 mAb therapy may attenuate T cell–mediated autoimmunity. Background Myeloperoxidase ANCA-associated vasculitis is a major cause of ESKD. Efficacy of anti-CD20 mAb treatment was tested in a mouse model of the disease. Methods MPO immunization induced anti-MPO autoimmunity, and a subnephritogenic dose of sheep anti-mouse GBM globulin triggered GN. Results Anti-CD20 mAb treatment increased the numbers and immunomodulatory capacity of MPO-specific T regulatory cells (Tregs) and attenuated T cell–mediated and humoral anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN. Disabling of Tregs negated the therapeutic benefit of anti-CD20 treatment. The mechanism of enhancement of Treg activity could be attributed to anti-CD20 mAb effects on inducing B cell apoptosis. Administering anti-CD20 mAb-induced apoptotic splenocytes to mice developing anti-MPO GN was as effective as anti-CD20 mAb treatment in inducing Tregs and attenuating both anti-MPO autoimmunity and GN. A nonredundant role for splenic macrophages in mediating the anti-CD20 mAb-induced immunomodulation was demonstrated by showing that administration of anti-CD20 mAb ex vivo –induced apoptotic splenocytes to unmanipulated mice attenuated autoimmunity and GN, whereas deletion of splenic marginal zone macrophages prevented anti-CD20 mAb-induced immunomodulation and treatment efficacy. Six days after administering anti-CD20 mAb to mice with murine anti-MPO GN, cell-mediated anti-MPO responses and GN were attenuated, and Tregs were enhanced, but ANCA levels were unchanged, suggesting humoral autoimmunity was redundant at this time point. Conclusions Collectively, these data suggest that, as well as reducing humoral autoimmunity, anti-CD20 mAb more rapidly induces protective anti-MPO Treg-mediated immunomodulation by splenic processing of anti-CD20–induced apoptotic B cells.
Smooth muscle cells express urokinase during mitogenesis and tissue-type plasminogen activator during migration in injured rat carotid artery.
Authors: A WClowes, M MClowes, Y PAu, M AReidy, DBelin
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Although the level of plasminogen activator (PA) expression has been correlated with cellular proliferation and migration in vitro, this relation has not been established in tissue undergoing repair. In a rat model of arterial injury, we have measured the expression of PAs by vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during entry into the growth cycle (0-24 hours) and subsequent migration from the media to the intima (starting at approximately 4 days). In normal rat carotid, low levels of urokinase-type PA (uPA) and tissue-type PA (tPA) are present; after removal of the endothelium, only uPA is detected in the media. uPA activity in extracts of carotid arteries increases and reaches a maximum between 16 and 24 hours after injury; uPA mRNA increases steadily and is maximal at 7 days. tPA activity appears at 3 days and is maximal at 7 days; tPA mRNA is present in normal vessels and reaches a maximum by 7 days. Most of the tPA in the media is associated with SMC and not with regenerating endothelium. Furthermore, ...
Blood flow reductions in stenosed canine coronary arteries: vasospasm or platelet aggregation?
Authors: J DFolts, KGallagher, G GRowe
Journal: Circulation (1982)

In 67 dogs with a 60-80% coronary stenosis produced by an external constricting plastic ring, blood flow measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter showed cyclical flow reductions of varying magnitude and duration, and then an abrupt return to control flow. In 45 dogs, heparin did not prevent these flow reductions, but ibuprofen (Motrin) or indomethacin abolished them. With incremental doses of each of these drugs, the cyclical flow reduction and the platelet function in vitro were diminished proportionately. In 10 more dogs, during low flow, pinching or poking the narrowed vessel suddenly restored normal flow. Topical application of papaverine and nitroglycerin proximal to the stenosis did not abolish the cyclic flow reduction, although a transient fall in systemic pressure indicated that they had been absorbed. Seven dogs had the constricting cylinder and flow probe chronically implanted for 4-6 weeks. A single oral dose of aspirin, 20 mg/kg, abolished their cyclic flow reductions for 2-4 days. In five ...
Diet and sire effects on serum cholesterol and cholesterol absorption in infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus).
Authors: G EMott, C AMcMahan, H CMcGill
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

One hundred three baboon infants, the progeny of an equal number of dams and seven sires, were breast fed or were fed prepared formulas containing 1.2, 29, or 61 mg/dl cholesterol for 14 weeks. We measured serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations at birth and at 3-week intervals, and cholesterol absorption at 12 weeks. Dietary cholesterol had a significant effect on serum cholesterol concentration at 12 weeks and on cholesterol absorption, but did not affect weight or serum triglyceride concentration. Sire had a significant effect on serum cholesterol concentration at birth and at 12 weeks, but the effect at birth did not predict the effect at 12 weeks. Sire did not affect cholesterol absorption, serum triglyceride concentration, or weight at 12 weeks. The sire effect on serum cholesterol concentration in infancy is not mediated by control of cholesterol absorption. Males weighed more than females at 12 weeks, but sex did not affect serum cholesterol concentration, triglyceride concentration, or ...
Intraoperative Doppler color flow mapping for decision-making in valve repair for mitral regurgitation. Technique and results in 100 patients.
Authors: W JStewart, P JCurrie, E ESalcedo, B WLytle, C CGill, W ASchiavone, D AAgler, D MCosgrove
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Mitral valve repair provides substantial advantages over mitral valve replacement in patients with severe mitral regurgitation. However, because of the possibility of persistent regurgitation, an intraoperative technique is needed to provide an immediate and accurate assessment of the adequacy of the repair before closure of the chest. One hundred patients with pure mitral regurgitation were studied with intraoperative epicardial Doppler color flow mapping immediately before and after valve repair. Intraoperative assessment of the severity of mitral regurgitation showed good agreement with preoperative left ventriculography and with standard precordial Doppler echocardiography before and after surgery. Postrepair intraoperative Doppler studies showed satisfactory surgical results in 92 patients. Postrepair intraoperative Doppler studies in the remaining eight patients demonstrated unsatisfactory results: persistent significant regurgitation in four, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve with dynami...
Urinary Vesicles: Are They Ready for Real-World Use?
Authors: Robert W. Hunter, James W. Dear
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Physicians have analyzed urine to make inferences about health for over six millennia. Sadly, this practice was not always supported by a robust evidence base, leading uroscopists in the late seventeenth century to be derided as "pisse-procrastinators."[1][1] So how are we faring in the era of
Postoperative Organized Chylothorax Treated by EUS-FNA: A Case Report
Authors: D Assisi, D Forcella, FT Gallina, E Mercadante, F Pierconti, F Facciolo
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Chylothorax is infrequent complication after lung surgery specially in case of radical mediastinal lymph nodes dissection. Diagnosis involves cholesterol and triglyceride measurement in the pleural fluid. First option to treat this complication is conservative therapy that is characterized by changing diet to include fewer long-chain fatty acids, free fatty acids. However, this can lead to fat deficiency and malnutrition over time. If conservative therapy fails is indicated to perform surgery. We present a case of postoperative organized chylothorax treated with Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine-needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA).
Prospective evaluation of intrahisian conduction delay.
Authors: J HMcAnulty, EMurphy, S HRahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We prospectively evaluated 46 patients who had intrahisian conduction delay. Twenty-three had a split His potential and 23 had a prolonged HV interval with a normal QRS complex. In those with a split His, the interval between the two His potentials averaged 32.7 msec (range 9--90 msec); in nine patients this split His was demonstrated only by atrial pacing. The 20 patients from this group with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction have been followed for an average of 18.1 months (range 2--48 months). All are alive. Three have had syncope, but Holter monitoring revealed no bradyarrhythmias. In the 23 patients with a narrow QRS and prolonged HV interval, the HV interval averaged 73.7 msec (range 57--180 msec). Twelve of these patients received pacemakers at the time of the His bundle study, six had symptomatic atrioventricular block and five had symptomatic sinus pauses. The 11 patients who did not receive pacemakers have been followed for an average of 15.1 months (range 2--44 months). In three with recurrent sy...
Therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary for patients receiving posaconazole tablet
Authors: Peijun Yvonne Zhou, Tze Peng Lim, Si Lin Sarah Tang, Jia Le Lim, Yixin Liew, Nathalie Grace Chua, Li Ling Cheryl Lim, Hui Ling Winnie Lee, Oi Fah Lai, Thuan Tong Tan, Gee Chuan Wong, Lay Hoon Andrea Kwa
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the arteries of the lower limbs: a 5 year follow-up.
Authors: AGallino, FMahler, PProbst, BNachbur
Journal: Circulation (1984)

A total of 482 percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTAs) of the arteries of the lower limbs were performed in 411 patients between 1977 and 1983. The 5 year patency rate, calculated by the life table method, was 83% for iliac and 58% for femoropopliteal PTA. Clinical improvement after the procedure was confirmed by a significant drop of the arm-ankle pressure difference: 48 +/- 5 mm Hg before vs 17 +/- 5 mm Hg 2 years after iliac PTA (p less than .01) and 73 +/- 5 mm Hg before vs 28 +/- 6 mm Hg after femoropopliteal PTA (p less than .01). The majority of reocclusions occurred within the first year after angioplasty. Patients with stenoses or occlusions of less than 3 cm had a favorable long-term patency rate of 74%. Conversely, patients with femoropopliteal occlusions presenting with pain at rest, diabetes, occlusions of greater than 3 cm, or poor distal runoff had an elevated rate of reocclusion. Complications, which occurred in 8% of the patients in whom PTA was attempted, included local hemorrhage...
Sympathetic and immune interactions during dynamic exercise. Mediation via a beta 2-adrenergic-dependent mechanism.
Authors: D RMurray, MIrwin, C ARearden, MZiegler, HMotulsky, A SMaisel
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDThe relation between the sympathetic nervous system and the immune system has not been fully defined. Recent investigations have suggested an adrenergically driven efflux of specific beta 2-receptor-rich lymphocyte subsets into the circulation with either exercise or infusion of exogenous catecholamines.METHODS AND RESULTSTo determine whether acute sympathetic stimulation mediates immunoregulatory cell traffic and function via a beta 2-receptor mechanism, we exercised 20 healthy volunteers before and after 1 week of treatment with either the nonselective beta-antagonist propranolol or the beta 1-selective antagonist metoprolol. Before treatment, exhaustive exercise according to the Bruce protocol led to a marked lymphocytosis. Tsuppressor/cytotoxic (Ts/c) and natural killer cells, subtypes with the largest density of beta-receptors, showed the most pronounced increases after exercise, with less impressive elevations in T(helper) and B cells. With respect to function, exhaustive exercise led to a...
Correspondence on: ‘What comes after the lockdown? Clustering of ANCA-associated vasculitis: single-centre observation of a spatiotemporal pattern’
Authors: Alojzija Hočevar, Aleš Ambrožič, Matija Tomšič
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

It was with great interest that we read the article by Gauckler et al titled ‘What comes after the lockdown? Clustering of ANCA-associated vasculitis: single-centre observation of a spatiotemporal pattern’, published in Ann Rheum Dis in December 2020.1 Its authors reported a twofold increase of the incidence rate of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) diagnoses and a threefold increase in incidence rate of de novo AAV manifestations at their centre compared with previous years. Furthermore, they found the clustering of cases following the end of the pandemic’s first wave. The increase in the incidence could not be attributed to a deferral of symptoms or delayed diagnoses.

Indeed, the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic significantly affected our daily rheumatological routine and the management of systemic vasculitides. We had to adjust our daily practice practically overnight, …
The relative time course of early changes in mitochondrial function and intracellular pH during hypoxia in the isolated toad ventricle strip.
Authors: J CLaManna, J JSaive, T RSnow
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

Changes in the intracellular H+ ion concentration (pHi) and in the oxidation-reduction state of the respiratory chain were measured spectrophotometrically in the isolated ventricle strip from the toad (Bufo marinus). The relative time course of the delta pHi as indicated by changes in light absorption of the pH dye neutral red, cytochrome c, and peak isometric twitch tension were compared during transient hypoxic episodes. The first detectable change in pH occurred 4.5 minutes after the peak twitch tension began to decrease with the onset of hypoxia. The initial decrease in tension and reduction of cytochrome c occurred at a similar time prior to the change in pHi. On reoxygenation, cytochrome c rapidly became oxidized, and the pHi and tension recovered more slowly. During acidification by increasing superfusate PCO2, pHi and tension decreased together, and cytochrome c did not change significantly. Thus, although changes in pHi do affect mechanical performance, these results show that mechanical dysfunct...
Double Trouble: Two Large Synchronous Retroperitoneal Lesions
Authors: A Martins Pinto da Costa, M Gonzalez Haba Ruiz, I Kaibel Axpe, J Martin Lopez, B Tormo Lanseros, JL Calleja Panero
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Lab workout showed Bil 7.7 mg/dl, GGT 198 U/L and negative tumor markers. CT scan showed biliary obstruction caused by an atypical large (85mm) lesion located in the pancreatoduodenal groove, and a second smaller lesion adjacent to the pancreatic tail.
Black Patients Have Unequal Access to Listing for Liver Transplantation in the United States
Authors: Russell Rosenblatt, Nabeel Wahid, Karim J. Halazun, Alyson Kaplan, Arun Jesudian, Catherine Lucero, Jihui Lee, Lorna Dove, Alyson Fox, Elizabeth Verna, Benjamin Samstein, Brett E. Fortune, Robert S. Brown
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score may have eliminated racial disparities on the waitlist for liver transplantation (LT), but disparities prior to waitlist placement have not been adequately quantified. We aimed to analyze differences in patients who are listed for LT, undergo transplantation, and die from end-stage liver disease (ESLD), stratified by state and race/ethnicity.We analyzed two databases retrospectively, the Center for Disease Control Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) and the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) databases, from 2014 to 2018. We included patients aged 25-64 years who had a primary cause of death of ESLD and were listed for transplant in the CDC WONDER or UNOS database. Our primary outcome was the ratio of listing for LT to death from ESLD-listing to death ratio (LDR). Our secondary outcome was the transplant to listing and transplant to death ratios. Chi-squared and multivariable linear regression evaluated for differences between races/ethnicities. There were 135,367 patients who died of ESLD, 54,734 patients who were listed for transplant, and 26,571 who underwent transplant. Patients were mostly male and White. The national LDR was 0.40, significantly lowest in Black patients (0.30), P < 0.001. The national transplant to listing ratio was 0.48, highest in Black patients (0.53), P < 0.01. The national transplant to death ratio was 0.20, lowest in Black patients (0.16), P < 0.001. States that had an above-mean LDR had a lower transplant to listing ratio but a higher transplant to death ratio. Multivariable analysis confirmed that Black race is significantly associated with a lower LDR and transplant to death ratio.Black patients face a disparity in access to LT due to low listing rates for transplant relative to deaths from ESLD.
Combined use of Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for Evaluation of Obstructive Jaundice and Distal Biliary Strictures
Authors: S Bota, M Razpotnik, G Essler, J Weber-Eibel, M Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims To assess the accuracy of EUS and ERCP combined and compared with radiologic imaging (CT, MRT/MRCP) in patients with obstructive jaundice and distal biliary strictures.
Reduction of lipid peroxidation in reperfused isolated rabbit hearts by diltiazem.
Authors: P TKoller, S RBergmann
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The calcium-channel inhibiting agent, diltiazem, has been shown to enhance salvage of reperfused myocardium independent of effects on coronary blood flow or myocardial work. Because lipid peroxidation may be a mediator of reperfusion injury and modifiable by calcium-sensitive pathways, we evaluated the effects of diltiazem on the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, in isolated rabbit hearts perfused with buffer under control conditions or after 60 minutes of ischemia with or without 3 minutes of reperfusion. Diltiazem (5 x 10(-7)M) reduced tissue MDA content in seven reperfused hearts compared with levels measured in 14 hearts reperfused without drug (1.54 +/- 1.09 [SD] compared with 3.57 +/- 1.88 nmol/g, p less than 0.05). Superoxide dismutase and catalase were ineffective in reducing tissue MDA content in reperfused hearts (n = 8; MDA concentration, 3.88 +/- 2.82 nmol/g) although they were effective in preventing lipid peroxidation in separate studies in which oxygen-cen...
Referees and rejects.
Authors: K Hussain
Journal: BMJ (1974)

hepatitis and hepatitis-B antigen was shown to be present by both haenmalutination and electrophoresis.This case cannot, of course, be claimed to provide proof of a causal association between acupuncture and serum hepatitis.The possibility of transfer of infection by an inadequately sterilized needle should, however, be borne in mind.-Iam, etc.,
Quantitative determination of aortic regurgitant volumes in dogs by ultrafast computed tomography.
Authors: S JReiter, J ARumberger, WStanford, M LMarcus
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Current imaging modalities can provide only a qualitative or semiquantitative measure of the severity of aortic regurgitation. Ultrafast computed tomography (CT) has the capability of rapid imaging (17 frames/sec) coupled with high spatial resolution (1.5 mm2). Eight millimeter thick images can be acquired to interrogate simultaneously the right and left ventricles. End-diastolic and end-systolic tomograms can be reconstructed serially from apex to base by Simpson's rule to provide end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes from which the right and left ventricular stroke volumes can be derived. To determine whether the difference between left and right ventricular stroke volume measured with ultrafast CT could be used to estimate the volume of experimentally induced aortic regurgitation, we studied six dogs in which proximal aortic electromagnetic flow probes had been implanted. Varying degrees of aortic regurgitation were induced by manipulation of a basket catheter through the aortic valve. During suspende...
Endothelium-dependent dilation of the coronary microvasculature is impaired in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: C BTreasure, J AVita, D ACox, R DFish, J BGordon, G HMudge, W SColucci, M GSutton, A PSelwyn, R WAlexander
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Dilator reserve of the coronary microvasculature is diminished in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Although increased extravascular compressive forces, tachycardia, and increased myocardial mass can explain some impairment, recent evidence suggests the possibility of intrinsic microvascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation of the microvasculature could be a contributing mechanism. We infused the endothelium-dependent dilator acetylcholine (Ach) (10(-8) to 10(-6) M) and the smooth muscle vasodilator adenosine (AD) (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) into the left anterior descending coronary artery in eight patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (mean ejection fraction, 28%) and seven controls (atypical chest pain). Small vessel resistance was assessed by measuring coronary blood flow (CBF) at constant arterial pressure with a Doppler velocity catheter (corrected for cross-sectional area by angiography). With Ach, control patients increased CBF 232 +/- 40% (mean +/- S...
Paradoxical hypertension after repair of coarctation of the aorta in children: balloon angioplasty versus surgical repair.
Authors: MChoy, A PRocchini, R HBeekman, ARosenthal, MDick, DCrowley, DBehrendt, A RSnider
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The incidence and possible causes of paradoxical hypertension were evaluated in eight children who underwent balloon dilatation and seven children who underwent surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. Both procedures resulted in a significant reduction in the coarctation gradient. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased in the surgical group after repair, whereas systolic pressures decreased and diastolic pressures remained unchanged after balloon angioplasty. In the surgical group, but not in the balloon angioplasty group, plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity rose during the first 2 days after relief of the coarctation. The data presented in this report support the hypothesis that the sympathetic nervous system and the renin angiotensin system are important mediators of the paradoxical hypertension that occurs after surgical repair of coarctation. Furthermore, balloon angioplasty of coarctation of the aorta does not stimulate either system and thus paradoxical hypertension i...