tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in Treatment of Colorectal Cancer and Short-term Outcomes During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sweden
Authors: Karolina Eklöv, Jonas Nygren, Sven Bringman, Jenny Löfgren, Annika Sjövall, Caroline Nordenvall, Åsa H. Everhov
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> The COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on health care systems, not least the treatment of malignant diseases, including colorectal cancer. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the treatment of colorectal cancer and short-term outcomes during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the year before. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This register-based cohort study used information from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry during the years 2020 and 2019. Patients were from the Stockholm-Gotland region, 1 of 6 health care regions in Sweden, with approximately one-fifth of the country’s population and 8 hospitals. All patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer from March 1 to August 31, 2019, and March 1 to August 31, 2020, were eligible. Data were analyzed from May to June 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Diagnosis of colorectal cancer during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The study aimed to compare the number of patients, time to surgery, operation methods, short-term complications, and residents’ involvement in surgical practice between 2019 and 2020. Subanalyses were conducted for colon and rectal cancer. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1140 patients (583 men [51%]; median [IQR] age, 74 [26-99] years in 2019 and 73 [24-96] years in 2020) were enrolled. Fewer patients received a diagnosis of colorectal cancer in March through August 2020 compared with the same months in 2019 (550 vs 590 patients). Overall, patient characteristics were similar, but pretherapeutic tumor stage was more advanced in 2020 compared with 2019, with an increased proportion of T4 tumors (30% [172 patients] vs 22% [132 patients]; χ<sup>2</sup><sub>3</sub> = 21.1;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). The proportion of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, time to surgery, and 30-day complications were similar, but the proportion of patients treated with ostomy almost doubled between 2019 and 2020, from 17% (53 patients) to 30% (96 patients) (absolute risk, 13.0%; 95% CI, 6.8% to 20.0%). Residents participated in fewer resections in 2020 than in 2019 (35% [108 patients] vs 27% [83 patients]; absolute risk, −7.90%; 95% CI, −15.00% to −0.55%). On the other hand, the treatment and outcomes for rectal cancer were comparable between the years. Significantly more patients were transferred to the nonemergency, COVID-free hospital in the region in 2020. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this Swedish register-based cohort study of patients who received a diagnosis of colorectal cancer during the most intense period of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant increase in ostomy formation for patients with colon cancer and a lower participation of residents during surgery were observed. These changes most likely were aimed at reducing complications and intensive care unit care.
The Need to Study Clinical Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With COVID-19 From Middle- and Low-Income Regions
Authors: Eduardo A. Oliveira, Enrico A. Colosimo, Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Jean B. Nachega, MD, PhD, MPH; Nadia A. Sam-Agudu, MD; Rhoderick N. Machekano, PhD, MPH; Helena Rabie, MBChB, PhD; Marieke M. van der Zalm, MBChB, PhD; Andrew Redfern, MBChB, MPhil; Angela Dramowski, MBChB, PhD; Natasha O’Connell, MBChB, MMed; Michel Tshiasuma Pipo, MD; Marc B. Tshilanda, MD; Liliane Nsuli Byamungu, MD, MSc; Refiloe Masekela, MBChB, PhD; Prakash Mohan Jeena, MBChB, PhD; Ashendri Pillay, MBChB; Onesmus W. Gachuno, MBChB, MMED; John Kinuthia, MBChB, MMED, MPH; Daniel Katuashi Ishoso, MD; Emmanuella Amoako, MBChB; Elizabeth Agyare, MBChB; Evans K. Agbeno, MBChB, MPH; Charles Martyn-Dickens, MBChB; Justice Sylverken, MD; Anthony Enimil, MBChB; Aishatu Mohammed Jibril, MBBS; Asara M. Abdullahi, MBBS; Oma Amadi, MBBS; Umar Mohammed Umar, MD; Lovemore Nyasha Sigwadhi, MSc; Michel P. Hermans, MD, PhD; John Otshudiema Otokoye, MD, MPH; Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, MD, PhD; Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, MD, PhD; Alimuddin Zumla, MD, PhD; Nelson K. Sewankambo, MD; Hellen Tukamuhebwa Aanyu, MBChB; Philippa Musoke, MBChB, PhD; Fatima Suleman, BPharm, PhD; Prisca Adejumo, RN, PhD; Emilia V. Noormahomed, MD, PhD; Richard J. Deckelbaum, MD; Mary Glenn Fowler, MD; Léon Tshilolo, MD, PhD; Gerald Smith, MSc; Edward J. Mills, PhD, MSc; Lawal W. Umar, MBBS; Mark J. Siedner, MD; Mariana Kruger, MMed, MPhil, PhD; Philip J. Rosenthal, MD; John W. Mellors, MD; Lynne M. Mofenson, MD; African Forum for Research and Education in Health (AFREhealth) COVID-19 Research Collaboration on Children and Adolescents; Jean B. Nachega; Nadia A. Sam-Agudu; Rhoderick N. Machekano; Helena Rabie; Marieke M. Van der Zalm; Andrew Redfern; Angela Dramowski; Natasha O'Connell; Michel T. Pipo; Marc B. Tshilanda; Liliane N. Byamungu; Refiloe Masekela; Prakash M. Jeena; Ashendri Pillay; Onesmus W. Gachuno; John Kinuthia; Daniel K. Ishoso; Emmanuela Amoako; Elizabeth Agyare; Evans K. Agbeno; Charles Martyn-Dickens; Justice Sylverken; Anthony Enimil; Aishatu M. Jibril; Asara M. Abdullahi; Oma Amadi; Umar M. Umar; Lovemore N. Sigwadhi; Michel P. Hermans; John O. Otokoye; Placide Mbala-Kingebeni; Alimuddin Zumla; Hellen T. Aanyu; Philippa Musoke; Fatima Suleman; Emilia V. Noormahomed; Mary G. Fowler; Leon Tshilolo; Mariana Kruger; Gerald Smith; Philip J. Rosenthal; Edward J. Mills; Lawal W. Umar; John W. Mellors; Prisca Adejumo; Nelson K. Sewankambo; Mark J. Siedner; Richard J. Deckelbaum; Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum; Lynne M. Mofenson; Nancy Mongweli; Peter S. Nyasulu ; Joule Madinga; Christian Bongo-Pasi Nswe; Jean-Marie N. Kayembe; Abdon Mukalay; Alfred Mteta; Aster Tsegaye; Don Jethro M. Landu; Serge Zigabe; Ameena Goga; Rodney Ehrlich; Andre P. Kengne; John L. Johnson; Peter Kilmarx; Birhanu Ayele; Ireneous N. Dasoberi; Clara Sam-Woode; Georgina Yeboah; Chibueze Adirieje
Morphofunctional parallels of the stomach in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis
Authors: L.M. Mosyichuk, Yu.A. Gaydar, I.A. Klenina, O.P. Petishko
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

Background. Despite some progress in addressing gastric cancer, a marked reduction in morbidity in all developed countries, the search for changes that precede carcinogenesis remains relevant and far from complete. The purpose of the study: to assess the content of aggressive and protective factors of gastric juice and oral fluid in comparison with morphological changes in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. Materials and methods. The study included 56 patients: group I included 12 patients with atrophic changes of the gastric mucosa of varying severity, groupII— 24 patients with atrophic changes diagnosed with intestinal metaplasia only in the antrum of the stomach, in group III group— 20 patients with intestinal metaplasia in the body and antrum of the stomach. The control group consisted of 16 healthy individuals. Assessment of the degree of atrophy and inflammation in the gastric mucosa was performed with the subsequent determination of integral indicators— stage and degree of atrophy according to the OLGA system and metaplasia— according to the OLGIM system. According to the morphometric study of sections using a light microscope XSP-139TP (“Ulab“, Ukraine) calculated indicators: nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, the ellipticity of the nuclei. The content of glycoproteins, sialic acids, fucose, hexosamines was determined in gastric juice and oral fluid. Results. Morphometric study showed a significant decrease in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio to (0.12±0.04)% in patients of group III. The coefficient of ellipticity of the nuclei of native cells decreased with the development of intestinal metaplasia: in group I it was equal to (0.76±0.04)%, for group II it was (0.65±0.11)%, and for group III— 0.41±0.12)%. In patients with intestinal metaplasia in 82% of cases with a 3-fold increase in the content of sialic acids in gastric juice was diagnosed with an increase in hexosamines by 35%, while patients with only atrophic changes in the stomach showed a decrease in hexosamines 2 times compared to controls (p&lt;0.05). The spread of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach is associated with an increase in the amount of glycoproteins and hexosamines in the oral fluid of patients, while sialic acids in this biological fluid are increased in all study groups. There are direct relationships between the presence of intestinal metaplasia in the body of the stomach and the content of glycoproteins in both gastric juice (r=0.446, p=0.008) and in oral fluid (r=0.378, p=0.021). The relationship between the content of sialic acids in gastric juice with the degree and stage of gastritis by OLGA (r=0.431, p&lt;0.01; r=0.482, p&lt;0.01), the level of hexosamines in oral fluid with the coefficient of ellipticity of the nuclei (r=0.447, p=0,037). Conclusions. A comprehensive study of morpho-functional changes in the stomach and the ratio of aggressive and projective factors of oral fluid will determine the risk groups of patients with precancerous conditions.
Long-term exposure to wildfires and cancer incidence in Canada: a population-based observational cohort study
Authors: Jill Korsiak, Lauren Pinault, Tanya Christidis, Richard T Burnett, Michal Abrahamowicz, Scott Weichenthal
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

BackgroundWildfires emit many carcinogenic pollutants that contaminate air, water, terrestrial, and indoor environments. However, little is known about the relationship between exposure to wildfires and cancer risk. We aimed to assess the associations between residential exposure to wildfires and the incidence of several cancer outcomes (lung cancer, brain cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukaemia) in Canada.MethodsWe did a population-based observational cohort study of participants in the 1996 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort. The 1996 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort is a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults, followed up for cancer incidence and mortality from 1996 to 2015. For this analysis, we excluded participants who lived in major Canadian cities (with a population size greater than 1·5 million people), recent immigrants, and individuals younger than 25 years or 90 years of age or older at baseline. Exposures to wildfires were assigned on the basis of area burned within a 20 km or 50 km radius of residential locations and updated for annual residential mobility. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between exposure to wildfires and specific cancers associated with carcinogenic compounds released by wildfires, including lung and brain cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukaemia, adjusted for many personal and neighbourhood-level covariates.FindingsOur analyses included more than 2 million people followed up for a median of 20 years, for a total of 34 million person-years. Wildfire exposure was associated with slightly increased incidence of lung cancer and brain tumours. For example, cohort members exposed to a wildfire within 50 km of residential locations in the past 10 years had a 4·9% relatively higher incidence (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1·049, 95% CI 1·028–1·071) of lung cancer than unexposed populations, and a 10% relatively higher incidence (adjusted HR 1·100, 1·026–1·179) of brain tumours. Similar associations were observed for the 20 km buffer size. Wildfires were not associated with haematological cancers in this study, and concentration-response trends were not readily apparent when area burned was modelled as a continuous variable.InterpretationLong-term exposure to wildfires might increase the risk of lung cancer and brain tumours. Further work is needed to develop long-term estimates of wildfire exposures that capture the complex mixture of environmental pollutants released during these events.FundingCanadian Institute for Health Research and Fonds de recherche du Quebec.
Developmental Outcomes for Children After Elective Birth at 39 Weeks’ Gestation
Authors: Anthea Lindquist, Roxanne Hastie, Amber Kennedy, Lyle Gurrin, Anna Middleton, Jon Quach, Jeanie Cheong, Susan P. Walker, Richard Hiscock, Stephen Tong
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Elective births at 39 weeks’ gestation are increasing. While this option may improve maternal and perinatal outcomes compared with expectant management, longer-term childhood developmental outcomes are uncertain. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the association between elective birth at 39 weeks’ gestation and the risk of childhood developmental vulnerability. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> For this cohort study, 2 causal inference analyses were conducted using Australian statewide, population-based data. Perinatal data from births between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2013, were linked to childhood developmental outcomes at age 4 to 6 years (assessed using multiple imputation via inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment). Data analyses were conducted between September 7 and November 9, 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Two exposure groups were considered: (1) elective birth between 39 weeks and 0 days’ and 39 weeks and 6 days’ gestation vs expectant management and (2) birth via induction of labor vs planned cesarean delivery among those born electively at 39 weeks’ gestation. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Childhood developmental vulnerability at school entry, defined as scoring below the 10th percentile in at least 2 of 5 developmental domains (physical health and well-being, social competence, emotional maturity, school-based language and cognitive skills, and communication skills and general knowledge). <h3>Results</h3> Of 176 236 births with linked outcome data, 88 165 met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 15 927 (18.1%) were elective births at 39 weeks’ gestation (induction of labor or planned cesarean delivery), and 72 238 (81.9%) were expectantly managed with subsequent birth between 40 and 43 weeks’ gestation. Compared with expectant management, elective birth at 39 weeks’ gestation was not associated with an altered risk of childhood global developmental vulnerability (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96-1.12) or with developmental vulnerability in any of the individual domains. In an analysis restricted to elective births at 39 weeks’ gestation, induction of labor (n = 7928) compared with planned cesarean delivery (n = 7999) was not associated with childhood developmental vulnerability (aRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.82-1.12) or with vulnerability in any individual domains. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cohort study, elective birth at 39 weeks’ gestation was not associated with childhood developmental vulnerability. For those born electively at 39 weeks’ gestation, birth after induction of labor or by elective cesarean delivery had similar developmental outcomes.
Characteristics of <i>N</i> <b>6</b>-Methyladenosine Modification During Sexual Reproduction of <i>Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii</i>
Authors: Ying Lv, Fei Han, Mengxia Liu, Ting Zhang, Guanshen Cui, Jiaojiao Wang, Ying Yang, Yun-Gui Yang, Wenqiang Yang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2022)

Abstract The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (hereafter Chlamydomonas) possesses both plant and animal attributes, and it is an ideal model organism for studying fundamental processes such as photosynthesis, sexual reproduction, and life cycle. N 6 -methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent mRNA modification, and it plays important roles during sexual reproduction in animals and plants. However, the pattern and function of m6A modification during the sexual reproduction of Chlamydomonas remain unknown. Here, we performed transcriptome and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) analyses on six samples from different stages during sexual reproduction of the Chlamydomonas life cycle. The results show that m6A modification frequently occurs at the main motif of DRAC (D = G/A/U, R = A/G) in Chlamydomonas mRNAs. Moreover, m6A peaks in Chlamydomonas mRNAs are mainly enriched in the 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) and negatively correlated with the abundance of transcripts at each stage. In particular, there is a significant negative correlation between the expression levels and the m6A levels of genes involved in the microtubule-associated pathway, indicating that m6A modification influences the sexual reproduction and the life cycle of Chlamydomonas by regulating microtubule-based movement. In summary, our findings are the first to demonstrate the distribution and the functions of m6A modification in Chlamydomonas mRNAs and provide new evolutionary insights into m6A modification in the process of sexual reproduction in other plant organisms.
The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation—Toward Value-Based Care
Authors: John E. McDonough, Eli Y. Adashi
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Three-Year Follow-Up of Neoadjuvant Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Inhibitor (Sintilimab) in NSCLC
Authors: Fan Zhang, Wei Guo, Bolun Zhou, Shuhang Wang, Ning Li, Bin Qiu, Fang Lv, Liang Zhao, Jian Li, Kang Shao, Qi Xue, Shugeng Gao, Jie He
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors have been proved to be feasible and to have efficacy in multiple cancers, including NSCLC. But few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of PD-1 inhibitor as neoadjuvant therapy with a long-term follow-up. Here, in this phase 1b study with a 3-year follow-up, we reported the clinical outcomes of patients who received the PD-1 inhibitor as neoadjuvant therapy.Two doses of sintilimab (intravenously, 200 mg) were used for patients with stages IA to IIIB NSCLC (registration number: ChiCTR-OIC-17013726). Then, surgery was performed within 29 to 43 days after the first dose. All patients underwent positron emission tomography-computed tomography at enrolment and before surgery to evaluate tumor metabolism after administration of PD-1 inhibitor. We also evaluated the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as an exploratory analysis in 32 eligible patients. Safety was the primary end point. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), event-free survival, and major pathologic response were the key secondary end points.With the mean follow-up of 37.8 months, 3-year OS rate was 88.5% and the 3-year DFS rate was 75.0% among patients who underwent R0 resection. In patients with positive PD-L1 expression, 3-year OS and DFS rates were 95.5% and 81.8%, respectively. Eight patients had recurrent tumors, including local recurrence, lung metastasis, brain metastasis, and bone metastasis. Patients with PD-L1 greater than or equal to 1% had more favorable clinical outcomes than the other subgroup (hazard ratio = 0.275, 95% confidence interval: 0.078-0.976). No more new adverse events have occurred in the 3-year follow-up because we first reported them in the former publication.This is the first study to report the long-term survival probability of patients with NSCLC receiving PD-1 inhibitors as the neoadjuvant treatment. The 3-year follow-up results revealed that patients with positive PD-L1 expression and high tumor mutation burden have favorable clinical outcomes.
N6-methyladenosine-modified TRAF1 promotes sunitinib resistance by regulating apoptosis and angiogenesis in a METTL14-dependent manner in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yuanlei Chen, Zeyi Lu, Chao Qi, Chenhao Yu, Yang Li, Wang Huan, Ruyue Wang, Wenqin Luo, Danyang Shen, Lifeng Ding, Liangliang Ren, Haiyun Xie, Dingwei Xue, Mingchao Wang, Kangxin Ni, Liqun Xia, Jun Qian, Gonghui Li
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract Background Sunitinib resistance can be classified into primary and secondary resistance. While accumulating research has indicated several underlying factors contributing to sunitinib resistance, the precise mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma are still unclear. Methods RNA sequencing and m6A sequencing were used to screen for functional genes involved in sunitinib resistance. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out and patient samples and clinical information were obtained for clinical analysis. Results We identified a tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor, TRAF1, that was significantly increased in sunitinib-resistant cells, resistant cell-derived xenograft (CDX-R) models and clinical patients with sunitinib resistance. Silencing TRAF1 increased sunitinib-induced apoptotic and antiangiogenic effects. Mechanistically, the upregulated level of TRAF1 in sunitinib-resistant cells was derived from increased TRAF1 RNA stability, which was caused by an increased level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in a METTL14-dependent manner. Moreover, in vivo adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) -mediated transduction of TRAF1 suppressed the sunitinib-induced apoptotic and antiangiogenic effects in the CDX models, whereas knockdown of TRAF1 effectively resensitized the sunitinib-resistant CDXs to sunitinib treatment. Conclusions Overexpression of TRAF1 promotes sunitinib resistance by modulating apoptotic and angiogenic pathways in a METTL14-dependent manner. Targeting TRAF1 and its pathways may be a novel pharmaceutical intervention for sunitinib-treated patients.
Neuroplasticity, the Prefrontal Cortex, and Psychopathology-Related Deviations in Cognitive Control
Authors: Monica Luciana, Paul F. Collins
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2022)

A basic survival need is the ability to respond to, and persevere in the midst of, experiential challenges. Mechanisms of neuroplasticity permit this responsivity via functional adaptations (flexibility), as well as more substantial structural modifications following chronic stress or injury. This review focuses on prefrontally based flexibility, expressed throughout large-scale neuronal networks through the actions of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. With substance use disorders and stress-related internalizing disorders as exemplars, we review human behavioral and neuroimaging data, considering whether executive control, particularly cognitive flexibility, is impaired premorbidly, enduringly compromised with illness progression, or both. We conclude that deviations in control processes are consistently expressed in the context of active illness but operate through different mechanisms and with distinct longitudinal patterns in externalizing versus internalizing conditions.