tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibiotics Use and Subsequent Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Swedish Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Sai San Moon Lu, Zahraa Mohammed, Christel Häggström, Robin Myte, Elisabeth Lindquist, Åsa Gylfe, Bethany Van Guelpen, Sophia Harlid
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2021)

Antibiotics use may increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by altering the gut microbiota, with suggestive evidence reported. Our study aims to investigate antibiotics use in relation to subsequent CRC risk.This is a nationwide, population-based study with a matched case-control design (first primary CRC cases and 5 matched, cancer-free controls). Complete-population data, extracted from Swedish national registers for the period 2005-2016, were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.We included 40 545 CRC cases and 202 720 controls. Using the full dataset, we found a positive association between more frequent antibiotics use and CRC, excluding antibiotics prescribed within 2 years of diagnosis attenuated results toward the null. In site-specific analyses, excluding the 2-year washout, the positive association was confined to the proximal colon (adjusted odds ratio for very high use vs no use = 1.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.05 to 1.31). For rectal cancer, an inverse association, which appears to be driven by women, was observed. Quinolones and sulfonamides and/or trimethoprims were positively associated with proximal colon cancer, whereas a more general inverse association, across antibiotics classes, was observed for rectal cancer. We found no association between methenamine hippurate, a urinary tract antiseptic not affecting the gut microbiota, and CRC risk.This register-based study covering the entire population of Sweden found a robust association between antibiotics use and higher risk of proximal colon cancer and an inverse association with rectal cancer in women. This study strengthens the evidence from previous investigations and adds important insight into site-specific colorectal carcinogenesis.
Use of and Comorbidities Associated With Diagnostic Codes for COVID-19 in US Health Insurance Claims
Authors: Kai-Cheng Yang, Byungkyu Lee, Yong-Yeol Ahn, Brea L. Perry
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

numbers of patients diagnosed with B97.29 and U07.1 codes.(B) Weekly numbers of B97.29 diagnoses from hospital and nonhospital health care professionals (individual, group practice, other facility, and unknown).
The Pros and Cons of Vivisection.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 13178: Safety and Efficacy of Amlodipine in Children Less Than One Year of Age in the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Alex J Foy, Samantha K Byrum, Catherine M Ikemba, Jessica E Pruszynski, Timothy Pirolli, Susan R Hupp, Joshua S Wolovits
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Control of hypertension in the intensive care unit is essential in the prevention of stroke, heart failure, and acute kidney injury. Administration of an oral agent that can safely an...
Police Exposures and the Health and Well-being of Black Youth in the US
Authors: Monique Jindal, Kamila B. Mistry, Maria Trent, Ashlyn McRae, Rachel L. J. Thornton
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Black youth in the US experience disproportionate contact with police even when accounting for criminal or delinquent behavior, which some experts say is fueled by racism and discrimination. While the literature supports the link between racism and adverse health outcomes, less is known about the impact of policing on the well-being of Black youth.To systematically review the literature describing the association between police exposure and health outcomes for Black youth 26 years and younger.A search of PubMed, Embase, Criminal Justice Abstracts, PsycInfo, and Web of Science was conducted. Eligible studies included original peer-reviewed research published from 1980 to December 2020, with a participant population of Black youth, a focus on police exposure, and health as the outcome. Additional articles were identified by hand-searching reference lists of included studies. Data extraction was performed, followed by critical appraisal of all included studies using a convergent segregated approach in which quantitative and qualitative studies were synthesized separately followed by an overarching synthesis across methods.A total of 16 quantitative studies including 19 493 participants were included in the review and demonstrated an association between police exposure and adverse mental health, sexual risk behaviors, and substance use. A total of 13 qualitative studies including 461 participants were included in the review, which corroborated and contextualized the quantitative evidence and provided additional health outcomes, such as fear for life or hopelessness.Evidence shows that police exposures are associated with adverse health outcomes for Black youth. Clinicians, scientists, public health practitioners, and policy makers can partner with local governments to enact reforms that mitigate the health impact of policing on youth.
Quantifying and Interpreting Efficacy of Reduced-Intensity Chemotherapy With Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine on Cancer Control for Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer Among an Older Population
Authors: Tomonori Mizutani
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
P-109 CYTOFLOC: Evaluation of a non-endoscopic immunocytological device (Cytosponge™) for post-chemo-radiotherapy surveillance in patients with oesophageal cancer – a feasibility study
Authors: S. Mukherjee, H. O'Connor, R. Harman, M. O'Donovan, I. Debiram-Beecham, B. Alias, A. Bailey, A. Bateman, J. de Caestecker, T. Crosby, S. Falk, S. Gollins, M. Hawkins, S. Levy, G. Radhakrishna, R. Roy, R. Sripadam, R. Fitzgerald
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
COVID-19 Case Rates in Transitional Kindergarten Through Grade 12 Schools and in the Community — Los Angeles County, California, September 2020–March 2021
Authors: Sherry Yin, Kaitlin Barnes, Rebecca Fisher, Dawn Terashita, Andrea A. Kim
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

In-person instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic concerns educators, unions, parents, students, and public health officials as they plan to create a safe and supportive learning environment for children and adolescents (1).Los Angeles County (LAC), the nation's largest county, has an estimated population of 10 million, including 1.7 million children and adolescents aged 5-17 years (2).LAC school districts moved to remote learning for some or all students in transitional kindergarten* through grade 12 (TK-12) schools during the 2020-21 school year (3).Schools that provided in-person instruction were required by LAC Health Officer orders to implement prevention measures such as symptom screening, masking, physical distancing, cohorting, and contact tracing (4).This analysis compares COVID-19 case rates in TK-12 schools among students and staff members who attended school in person with LAC case rates during September 2020-March 2021.LAC schools are required to report all laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in persons who were on campus during their incubation or infectious period to the LAC Department of Public Health (DPH).† School-associated cases were defined as cases among students and staff members who were on campus for any length of time from 14 days before symptom onset or testing (whichever was earlier) until isolation.Cases among students and staff members who participated exclusively in online learning or worked remotely were not considered school-associated cases.DPH and the LAC Office of Education also collected information from the county's 80 public school districts on the estimated number of students and staff members routinely on campus each month during September 2020-March 2021.Monthly attendance was prorated based on when schools opened and ranged from 2,738 * Transitional kindergarten is a public school program serving to bridge preschool and kindergarten.† During the observation period, school districts recommended diagnostic testing for students and staff members to identify persons with active infection based on symptoms and exposure.In addition to mandatory laboratory or provider reporting of positive COVID-19 nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) and antigen test results, schools also notified DPH of cases occurring on campus.Schools relied on staff members, students, parents and guardians, and testing programs where available to inform them of cases and worked with DPH to identify and provide testing for close contacts on campus.The Los Angeles Unified School District (largest of the 80 school districts in the county) implemented a screening testing program using NAATs for staff members and students on campus beginning September 2020 and reported all positive results to DPH.
O01: The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on people with psoriasis: findings from a global patient‐reported registry
Authors: S Mahil, M Yates, Z Yiu, S Langan, T Tsakok, N Dand, K Mason, H Mcateer, F Meynell, B Coker, A Vincent, D Urmston, A Vesty, J Kelly, C Lancelot, L Moorhead, H Bachelez, F Capon, C Contreras, C De, La Cruz, P Meglio, P Gisondi, D Jullien, J Lambert, L Naldi, S Norton, L Puig, P Spuls, T Torres, R Warren, H Waweru, J Weinman, C Griffiths, J Barker, M Brown, J Galloway, C Smith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)
Comparison of three tests for latent tuberculosis infection in high-risk people in the USA: an observational cohort study
Authors: Christine S Ho, Pei-Jean I Feng, Masahiro Narita, Jason E Stout, Michael Chen, Lisa Pascopella, Richard Garfein, Randall Reves, Dolly J Katz, Jennifer Flood, Lisa Pascopella, Julie Higashi, Kathleen Moser, Marisa Moore, Richard Garfein, Constance Benson, Robert Belknap, Randall Reves, Jason E. Stout, Amina Ahmed, Timothy Sterling, April Pettit, Henry M. Blumberg, Alawode Oladele, Michael Lauzardo, Marie N. Seraphin, Richard Brostrom, Renuka Khurana, Wendy Cronin, Susan Dorman, Masahiro Narita, David Horne, Thaddeus Miller
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2021)
Chronic kidney disease: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: Yolanda V Martinez, Ivan Benett, Andrew J P Lewington, Anthony S Wierzbicki
Journal: BMJ (2021)

### What you need to know

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, estimated to affect 13% of adults (≥16 years old) in England.1 People with CKD have a wide range of experiences, from being asymptomatic at early stages to kidney failure with advanced disease (see table 1 for a classification of CKD stages). The prevalence of categories G3 to G5 (more severe disease) is 5% for all adults, rising to 34% in people aged 75 and over. As kidney dysfunction advances, the mortality risk increases, as does risk of cardiovascular disease, and some comorbidities (such as diabetes and hypertension) become more severe. Most adults with CKD are managed primarily in primary care, but they may need more input from secondary care as the disease progresses.

View this table:

Table 1 
Classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults, and risk of adverse outcomes by category



In August 2021, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published NG203,2 an updated and combined version of three guidelines: “chronic kidney disease in adults: assessment and management,” “chronic kidney disease (stage 4 or 5): management …
It’s time for all doctors to engage on assisted dying
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The UK’s debate on assisted dying is regaining momentum. The UK and Scottish parliaments are soon to hear bills that would allow doctors to assist a dying patient’s death (doi:10.1136/bmj.n2012).1 Both bills include tight safeguards, and doctors not wanting to take part in the process would not have to.

A law change would bring the UK into a growing group of countries that already allow doctors to offer assistance to people who are terminally ill to die. In some jurisdictions this extends to people who are not dying but are experiencing intolerable and …
A model combing an immune-related genes signature and an extracellular matrix-related genes signature in predicting prognosis of left- and right-sided colon cancer.
Authors: Min-Er Zhong, Du Cai, Dejun Fan, Wei Wang, Cheng-Hang Li, Ze-Ping Huang, Qiqi Zhu, Min-Yi Lv, Chuling Hu, Xiaojian Wu, Feng Gao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

3533 Background: Primary tumor sidedness has been found to be prognostic in colorectal cancer (CRC), with right-sided colon cancer (RCC) having a worse survival than left-sided tumors (LCC), even after controlling for known negative prognostic factors. Our previous proteomic study identified differences in protein profiles between LCC and RCC. Immune-related proteins were found to be up-regulated in LCC while the differentially expressed proteins in RCC were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix-related proteins. Herein we aim to construct a prognostic prediction model for LCC and RCC patients by using immune-related genes (IRGs) and extracellular matrix-related genes (ECMGs). Methods: A total of 1,868 CRC patients with complete follow-up data from 1 training cohort (n = 562) and 3 independent validation cohorts (n = 622, n = 403, n = 281, respectively) were enrolled in our study. Tumors located in the splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum are defined as LCC. In contrast, tumors located in the region from the hepatic flexure to the cecum are defined as RCC. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to construct the multi-gene signatures. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to test the prognostic value of these models. Results: Our biomarker discovery effort identified a 9-gene IRGs signature that significantly associated with poor DFS for LCC (HR = 3.46, 95%CI = 2.38-5.01, P &lt; 0.001) and a 21-gene ECMGs signature associated with prognosis for RCC (HR = 4.53, 95%CI = 2.84-7.22, P &lt; 0.001). For LCC, the IRGs signature was significantly correlated with worse prognosis in three independent validation cohort (Validation-1 cohort: HR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.41-3.09, P &lt; 0.001; Validation-2 cohort: HR = 2.19, 95%CI = 1.26-3.81, P = 0.004; Validation-3 cohort: HR = 2.94, 95%CI = 1.53-5.63, P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the ECMGs signature also robustly predicted survival for RCC in three independent validation (Validation-1 cohort: HR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.22-2.83, P = 0.003; Validation-2 cohort: HR = 1.96, 95%CI = 1.18-3.26, P = 0.008; Validation-3 cohort: HR = 2.8, 95%CI = 1.27-6.17, P = 0.007). When compared with Oncotype DX, we found IRGs achieved an improved survival correlation in LCC (C-index, validation-3 cohort: 0.75 vs 0.64) and ECMGs got a better survival correlation in RCC (C-index, validation-3 cohort: 0.74 vs 0.58). Conclusions: Combing a 9-gene IRGs signature for LCC and a 21-gene ECMGs signature for RCC, we established a prognostic model that can robustly stratify CRC patients into high- and low- risk groups of tumor recurrence and predict prognosis.
Quantifying Withdrawal of Consent, Loss to Follow-Up, Early Drug Discontinuation, and Censoring in Oncology Trials
Authors: Brooke E. Wilson, Michelle B. Nadler, Alexandra Desnoyers, Eitan Amir
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Background: Censoring due to early drug discontinuation (EDD) or withdrawal of consent or loss to follow-up (WCLFU) can result in postrandomization bias. In oncology, censoring rules vary with no defined standards. In this study, we sought to describe the planned handling and transparency of censoring data in oncology trials supporting FDA approval and to compare EDD and WCLFU in experimental and control arms. Methods: We searched FDA archives to identify solid tumor drug approvals and their associated trials between 2015 and 2019, and extracted the planned handling and reporting of censored data. We compared the proportion of WCLFU and EDD between the experimental and control arms by using generalized estimating equations, and performed logistic regression to identify trial characteristics associated with WCLFU occurring more frequently in the control group. Results: Censoring rules were defined adequately in 48 (59%) of 81 included studies. Only 14 (17%) reported proportions of censored participants clearly. The proportion of WCLFU was higher in the control group than in the experimental group (mean, 3.9% vs 2.5%; β-coefficient, −2.2; 95% CI, −3.1 to −1.3; P &lt;.001). EDD was numerically higher in the experimental arm in 61% of studies, but there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of EDD between the experimental and control groups (mean, 21.6% vs 19.9%, respectively; β-coefficient, 0.27; 95% CI, −0.32 to 0.87; P =.37). The proportion of EDD due to adverse effects (AEs) was higher in the experimental group (mean, 13.2% vs 8.5%; β-coefficient, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.57–2.45; P =.002). WCLFU was higher in the control group in studies with an active control group (odds ratio [OR], 10.1; P &lt;.001) and in open label studies (OR, 3.00; P =.08). Conclusions: There are significant differences in WCLFU and EDD for AEs between the experimental and control arms in oncology trials. This may introduce postrandomization bias. Trials should improve the reporting and handling of censored data so that clinicians and patients are fully informed regarding the expected benefits of a treatment.
When will the GMC admit that its processes might be racially biased?
Authors: David Sellu
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following When will the GMC admit that its processes might be racially biased? Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Exosomal miR-21 from tubular cells contributes to renal fibrosis by activating fibroblasts via targeting PTEN in obstructed kidneys
Authors: Sheng Zhao, Wei Li, Weimin Yu, Ting Rao, Haoyong Li, Yuan Ruan, Run Yuan, Chenglong Li, Jinzhuo Ning, Siqi Li, Wu Chen, Fan Cheng, Xiangjun Zhou
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Rationale: Ureteral obstruction-induced hydronephrosis is associated with renal fibrosis and progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication has been suggested to be involved in various diseases, including renal fibrosis. However, little is known regarding how exosomes regulate renal fibrosis in obstructed kidneys. Methods: We first examined the secretion of exosomes in UUO (unilateral ureteral obstruction) mouse kidneys and TGF-β1-stimulated tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E). Exosomes from NRK-52E cells were subsequently harvested and incubated with fibroblasts (NRK-49F) or injected into UUO mice via the tail vein. We next constructed Rab27a knockout mice to further confirm the role of exosome-mediated epithelial-fibroblast communication relevant to renal fibrosis in UUO mice. High-throughput miRNA sequencing was performed to detect the miRNA profiles of TGFβ1-Exos. The roles of candidate miRNAs, their target genes and relevant pathways were predicted and assessed in vitro and in vivo by setting specific miRNA mimic, miRNA inhibitor, siRNA or miRNA LNA groups. Results: Increased renal fibrosis was associated with prolonged UUO days, and the secretion of exosomes was markedly increased in UUO kidneys and TGF-β1-stimulated NRK-52E cells. Purified exosomes from TGF-β1-stimulated NRK-52E cells could activate fibroblasts and aggravate renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the inhibition of exosome secretion by Rab27a knockout or GW4869 treatment abolished fibroblast activation and ameliorated renal fibrosis. Exosomal miR-21 was significantly increased in TGFβ1-Exos compared with Ctrl-Exos, and PTEN is a certain target of miR-21. The promotion or inhibition of epithelial exosomal miR-21 correspondingly accelerated or abolished fibroblast activation in vitro, and renal fibrosis after UUO was alleviated by miR-21-deficient exosomes in vivo through the PTEN/Akt pathway. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that exosomal miR-21 from tubular epithelial cells may accelerate the development of renal fibrosis by activating fibroblasts via the miR-21/PTEN/Akt pathway in obstructed kidneys.