tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1606: High Specificity of Prolonged Isovolumic Contraction Time for Reverse Remodeling Associated with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Chinami Miyazaki, Charles J Bruce, Margaret M Redfield, Raul E Espinosa, David L Hayes, Jae K Oh
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Isovolumic contraction time (ICT) and pre-ejection period (PEP) are altered by electrical conduction delay as well as impaired contractility. An abnormal PEP has been used to select patients for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), however, the predictive value of PEP for reverse remodeling (RR) has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to determine the predictive value of ICT and PEP for the RR in a prospective, single center CRT registry. Methods: Prospective registry of all heart failure patients undergoing CRT with echo pre-implant and at 3 and 6 months after implant. PEP was measured from the ECG Q wave onset to the aortic valve opening from the left ventricular outflow tract pulsed-wave Doppler tracing. The timing interval from the QRS onset to mitral valve closure was measured (mitral valve closure time). ICT was calculated as PEP-mitral valve closure time. RR was defined as &gt;15% reduction in end-systolic volume (ESV) measured by biplane Simpson’s method. Death due to cardiac cause and heart transplantation during the 6 month period were considered as a non-response in the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC)analysis. Results: Echocardiography data was available in 83 patients at 3 and 59 patients at 6 month after CRT. RR occurred in 42 patients (51%) at 3 months and in 32 (54%) patients at 6 months By ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting RR was 0.74 for ICT (p&lt;0.001) and 0.73 for PEP (p=0.001) (See table ). ICT&gt;123 ms yielded a very high specificity of 90–93% to predict responders at 6 month after CRT either in entire population or after excluding the patients with atrial fibrillation. Conclusion: A prolonged ICT is highly specific for predicting reverse remodeling after CRT although it is found in a limited number of patients. A strategy employing a screening ICT measurement may identify patients highly likely to achieve reverse remodeling after CRT, but can not be used to exclude patients for CRT. ROC analysis
Novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infections in three pregnant women - United States, April-May 2009.
Authors: V. Fonseca, M. Davis, R. Wing, P. Kriner, K. Lopez, P. J. Blair, D. Faix, G. Goldbaum, H. Bruce, M. Nelson, A. A. Marfin, D. J. Jamieson, K. MacFarlane, S. A. Rasmussen, M. A. Honein, L. Finelli, T. Uyeki, D. Gross, A. Fiore, S. J. Olsen, D. L. Swerdlow, E. J. Barzilay, M. Menon, C. E. O'Reilly, N. Dharan
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2009)
TRACHEOPATHIA OSTEOPLASTICA
Authors: JOHN S. SHUTTLEWORTH, CAMERON L. SELF, HUGH S. PERSHING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1960)

ExcerptTracheopathia osteoplastica is a relatively rare disease involving the trachea and bronchi. Slightly over 100 cases have been reported in the world literature to date since the disease was first described in 1857 by Wilks1 in England. Since 1932 only 11 cases have been reported in the American literature, the latest report being an account of seven cases diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic.2CASE REPORTA 63 year old white male was admitted to the U. S. Public Health Service Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia, on August 15, 1956, with the chief complaint of hemoptysis of four days' duration. The patient stated...
Risk of renal failure associated with IV bisphosphonate use in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: A. T. Joyce, D. J. Harrison, S. Jun, A. L. Feliu, M. Anthony
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

8104 Background: IV Bisphosphonates including zoledronic acid (ZA) and pamidroniate are frequently used to delay time to skeletal related events in patients with multiple myeloma. The risk of renal toxicity with these agents is well known and regular monitoring of kidney function is required. Despite regular monitoring of creatinine, patients taking IV bisphosphonates may experience decreased renal functioning and renal failure. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative risk of renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma treated with ZA or pamidronate relative to patients whose lytic lesions remained untreated with medications. Methods: Commercially insured adults newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma 7/1/2002–6/2006 were identified using ICD-9 codes within the PHARMetrics Integrated Outcomes Database. Patients were stratified based on evidence of IV bisphosphonate use (treated) or no such evidence (untreated) following initial qualifying diagnosis. For treated patients, the date of first administration of an IV bisphosphonate was the patient's index date. Treated patients were matched to untreated patients based on use of radiation therapy or chemotherapy, year of cancer diagnosis, and health plan enrollment duration.The incidence rate (IR) for renal failure defined using ICD-9 codes was based on number of incident cases identified among the total person-years at risk and expressed as a rate per patient year. IRs and incidence rate ratios (IRR) (comparing the treated to untreated cohorts), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals are reported. Results: Treated (n=401) and untreated (n=431) patients were similar with respect to age (mean 56 years in both cohorts), but treated patients were more likely to be female (54% vs. 47%; p = 0.04) and less likely to have a history of anemia (48% vs. 51%; p=0.002). IV bisphosphonate use was associated with an 8.5% incidence of developing renal failure per patient year versus 4.9% in the untreated cohort (IRR 1.72; 95% CI 1.22–2.42). The risk was similar whether patients were treated with ZA or pamidronate. Conclusions: IV bisphosphonate use was associated with a significantly increased risk (72%) of developing renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Feasibility of tissue magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bernard P. Paelinck, Albert de Roos, Jeroen J. Bax, Johan M. Bosmans, Rob J. van Der Geest, Dominique Dhondt, Paul M. Parizel, Christiaan J. Vrints, Hildo J. Lamb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Medicine as a profession: Hip, Hip, Hippocrates: extracts from The Hippocratic Doctor
Authors: J. Fabre
Journal: BMJ (1997)

What do doctors know of Hippocrates? Many have seen a presumed likeness of “the father of medicine”—a sharp eyed, balding Greek in a toga, often under a tree. Some may remember taking the Hippocratic Oath, which contains the laudable injunction to “first do no harm.” (In fact, it doesn't, just as nobody says: “Play it again, Sam” in “Casablanca”.) Those who have checked the oath recently will know that it takes an unfashionable stance on abortion, euthanasia, and women in medicine.

For a man who influenced 2500 years of medical practice the historical record is very hazy. Historians have now decided that the great body of writings that bears his name is better known as the Hippocratic Corpus, having being written over at least 70 years by many different hands, none of them definitely Hippocrates'. Unsurprisingly, these multiauthor volumes have their internal inconsistencies, abrupt changes of style and tone, and incompatible world views.

But much sounds very modern, and this forms the basis of John Fabre's new book, “The Hippocratic Doctor: Ancient Lessons for the Modern World”. In writing it, Fabre found it necessary to scour virtually the entire corpus to put together Hippocratic thinking on a particular issue. He has grouped extracts from 50 treatises under eight main themes. What follows are selections from Fabre's book used to illustrate four of these themes.—Tony Delamothe, BMJ 

On Fractures (chapter I) —“In fact the treatment of a fractured arm is not difficult, and is almost any practitioner's job, but I have to write a good deal about it because I know practitioners who have got credit for wisdom by putting arms in positions which ought rather to have given them a name for ignorance. And many other parts of this art are judged thus: for they praise what seems outlandish before …
Abstract 2792: Cardiac Complications After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Are Associated With Outcome: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Ivo A van der Bilt, Djo Hasan, W. P Vandertop, Arthur A Wilde, Ale Algra, Frans C Visser, Gabriel J Rinkel
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Cardiac complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) occur frequently, but their prognostic significance remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to assess whether echocardiographic wall motion abnormalities (WMA), electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, or elevated markers for myocardial damage are related to the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) or death. Methods All articles that reported on cardiac abnormalities after aneurysmal SAH, that met predefined criteria, and were published between 1960 and 2007 were assessed. Data were extracted on predefined methodological criteria, patient characteristics, prevalence of cardiac abnormalities, and DCI or death. We calculated pooled relative risks (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the separate cardiac abnormalities and outcome. Results We included 25 studies (16 prospective), comprising 2690 patients (mean age 53 years; 35% was male). The figure shows the univariable RRs of the determinants for death. For DCI we found a significant association with WMA (RR 2.10 [CI 1.17, 3.78]); Troponin RR 3.15 [CI 2.27, 4.38]; CK-MB RR: 2.90 [CI 1.86, 4.52]; BNP RR: 4.52 [CI 1.79, 11.39]; and ST depression RR: 2.40 [CI 1.2, 4.9]. No significant associations were found for DCI and ST elevation RR: 2.1 [CI 0.7, 5.7]; T wave abnormality RR: 0.9 [CI 0.5, 1.7]; U wave RR: 0.7 [CI 0.4, 1.3] or prolonged QT RR: 1.0 [CI 0.5, 2.3]. Conclusion Cardiac abnormalities increase the risk of DCI and death after SAH. Future research should be directed towards elucidating the multivariable relationship between the cardiac prognosticators, the pathophysiological mechanism and potential treatment options.
Abstract 10173: Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging-Assessed Ischemia Severity is Associated with Mortality Independent of Asian Ethnicity: A Singapore Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Chee Tang Chin, Fei Gao, Felix Y Keng, Bimal R Shah, Ru San Tan, Terrance S Chua
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Ischemic heart disease is growing by epidemic proportions in Asia thus making appropriate risk stratification paramount. Among patients in Western populations with similar ischemia severity on SPECT MPI, ethnicity is reportedly independently associated with mortality. It is unknown if this relationship applies in Asians.

Methods From 17,773 consecutive patients having SPECT MPI performed between 2006 and 2008, we used the summed stress score (SSS) to define 4 groups of increasing ischemia severity, minimal (SSS   13), among 3 major Asian ethnic groups: Chinese, Indian, and Malay. The national death registry was used to determine mortality. After adjusting for baseline differences including age, sex, risk factors for IHD, prior MI, and LVEF, we examined the association of ethnicity with mortality within the different ischemia groups.

Results Chinese patients (n=14,065) were older than Indians (n=1,987) or Malays (n=1,721) (median age 61, 57, and 57 years respectively), with the Chinese less likely to have diabetes or a prior MI, but more likely to have normal LVEF. Annual all-cause death rates increased with increasing ischemia severity in all 3 ethnicities; being higher for Malays and lower for Indians, when compared to Chinese, across ischemia groups. (Fig A) However, after adjustment, ethnicity was not independently associated with death at 2 years. (Fig B) With Chinese as the reference group, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for Malays and Indians with minimal ischemia was 1.2 (p = 0.3) and 1.1 (p = 0.6) respectively. Similarly, in the mild, moderate, and severe ischemia groups, AOR for Malays and Indians was 1.1 and 0.4, 1.7 and 0.9, and 1.3 and 0.7 respectively (all p not significant).

Conclusion Mortality risk is related to ischemia severity; and, unlike the Western experience, is independent of ethnicity in Asians. This emphasizes the continued utility of SPECT MPI in guiding risk stratification in Asia.

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Abstract 672: Long-Term Inhibition of Rho-kinase Ameliorates Diastolic Heart Failure in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Shigefumi Fukui, Yoshihiro Fukumoto, Jun Suzuki, Kenya Saji, Jun Nawata, Shunsuke Tawara, Tsuyoshi Shinozaki, Yutaka Kagaya, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Diastolic heart failure (DHF) is a major cardiovascular disorder with poor prognosis; however, its molecular mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that activation of Rho-kinase pathway is substantially involved in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and cardiac remodeling. In this study, we thus examined whether Rho-kinase pathway is also involved in the pathogenesis of DHF. Methods: We maintained male Dahl salt-sensitive rats for 10 weeks, starting from 7 weeks of age, with either 0.5% NaCl (control) or 8% NaCl (DHF) with or without oral treatment with fasudil, a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor (30 and 100 mg/kg/day) (n=13–31). We serially measured hemodynamic variables and cardiac function by echocardiography, followed by histological analysis. Results: At week 17, the untreated DHF group exhibited overt heart failure (e.g. lung edema) associated with diastolic dysfunction but with preserved systolic function, characterized by increased myocardial stiffness, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and enhanced cardiac fibrosis and superoxide production (all P&lt;0.01 vs. control). By contrast, in the fasudil-treated group, those myocardial changes associated with DHF were significantly and dose-dependently ameliorated, independent of the changes in blood pressure, with a resultant inhibition of the transition to decompensated heart failure. Western blot analysis showed that cardiac Rho-kinase activity, as evaluated by the extent of phosphorylation of ERM, a downstream substrate of Rho-kinase, was significantly increased in the untreated DHF group and was dose-dependently inhibited in the fasudil-treated group. Importantly, there was a highly significant correlation between the extent of myocardial stiffness and that of cardiac Rho-kinase activity (R=0.74 for the posterior wall and R=0.63 for the septum, both P&lt;0.001). Cardiac Rho-kinase activity also significantly correlated with cardiac superoxide production. Conclusions: These results indicate that activation of Rho-kinase pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DHF through cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, suggesting the therapeutic importance of Rho-kinase for the treatment of DHF in humans.
Abstract 15670: Temporal Effect On Gender Differences In Patients Undergoing Evaluation For Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Dina M Sparano, Monika Aurora, Priya Kohli, Brittany Lapin, Claire O'Connell, Nils Johnson, Thomas Holly, Martha Gulati
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Gender bias has influenced treatment and referral practices in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), but may be reduced with increasing awareness of the impact of CAD i...
Studies on Ovarian and Pituitary Tumorigenesis&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;1&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W. U. Gardner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1954)

Studies on Ovarian and Pituitary Tumorigenesis Get access W. U. Gardner W. U. Gardner Department of Anatomy, Tale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 3, December 1954, Pages 693–709, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.3.693 Published: 01 December 1954
Abstract 1691: Inverse Association of Adiponectin and Left Ventricular Mass in African Americans; The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Aurelian Bidulescu, Jiankang Liu, Ervin R Fox, Rebecca Din-Dzietham, Tandaw E Samdarshi, Daniel F Sarpong, Viola Vaccarino, Peter W Wilson, Donna K Arnett, Herman A Taylor, Gary H Gibbons
Journal: Circulation (2009)
A randomized control study on the effects of prescriptive exercise on lean mass and fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment
Authors: C. Battaglini, C. A. Dennehy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

19560 Background: Loss of lean mass during cancer treatment has been correlated with increases in fatigue (F) levels. Exercise is related to decreases treatment related fatigue and has been shown to thwart muscle loss. Methods: Twenty female subjects, ages ranging from 35 to 70 years, were recruited for the 21 week study. A randomized two-group (exercise and control) design with multiple measurements [Pre-surgery (PS), Post-surgery (POS), 1 st assessment during Chemotherapy (Chemo1), 2 nd assessment (Chemo 2), 3 rd assessment (Chemo 3), and at the end of the experiment (FA)] was used. Percent of lean body mass (%LBM) and F levels were measured as dependent variables. Also, creatine kinase (CK) and total caloric intake (TCI) were measured to explain changes in %LBM and F. Data were analyzed using a two-way mixed model ANOVA with repeated-measures. Results: No significant difference in %LBM from PS to FA (p = 0.82) was observed. However, a significant interaction effect between groups and %LBM from PS to FA was observed (p&lt;0.000). Post hoc analyses revealed significant difference in %LBM between groups at the FA (p = 0.004). Significant differences in F scores were observed between PS and FA (p=0.008). Post hoc analyses revealed significant difference in F scores between groups at Chemo 1, (p=0.001), Chemo 2, (p=0.005), and FA (p=0.000). No differences in CK were noted, however significant differences were noted between groups at PS (p=0.000) and FA (p=0.000) for TCI. Conclusions: The results suggest that initiating a regular individualized prescriptive exercise immediately following surgical recovery and continuing through at least 12 weeks during chemotherapy treatment positively impacts %LBM and deceases F when compared to patients not involved in any exercise. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Quality of life for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: L M Koran, M L Thienemann, R Davenport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The health-related quality of life of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder was compared to published norms for the general U.S. population and for patients with either depressive disorders or diabetes.Sixty medication-free outpatients with moderate to severe obsessive-compulsive disorder were evaluated by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Health-related quality of life was measured with the self-rated Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.The instrumental role performance and social functioning of the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were worse than those of the general population and of diabetes patients. The more severe the obsessive-compulsive disorder, the lower were the patients' social functioning scores, even after depression ratings were controlled for; scores on instrumental role performance did not correlate with severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The ratings of the obsessive-compulsive disorder patients on physical health domains resembled those of the general population and exceeded those of the diabetes patients. The general health and physical health ratings of the obsessive-compulsive disorder patients exceeded those of the depressed patients. In mental health domains, after adjustment for differences in gender distribution, quality of life ratings were similar for the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and those with depressive disorders.Moderate to severe obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with impaired social functioning and impaired instrumental role performance, but only impairment in social functioning is linearly related to severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Abstract 3064: Mitochondrial DNA Loss in Load-Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Kai-Chun Yang, Jose Chavez, Andriy Nemchenko, Dian J Cao, Herman I May, Paul Tannous, Janet L Johnstone, Pradeep P Mammen, Joseph A Hill, Beverly A Rothermel
Journal: Circulation (2009)

INTRODUCTION:  Cardiovascular disease is associated with declines in mitochondrial function. Autophagy is a lysosomal-dependent process through which cytoplasmic proteins and organelles can be degraded and has recently been shown to participate in remodeling of the myocardium in a variety of cardiac pathologies. Autophagy can be either non-selective or selective for damaged protein aggregates or organelles. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in mitochondria causes mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and induces selective degradation of mitochondria (mitophagy). We hypothesized that mitophagy contributes to remodeling of the heart under severe oxidative stress.   METHODS:  Mice were subjected to hemodynamic overload by severe thoracic aortic constriction (sTAC). qPCR was used to measure the abundance of mtDNA relative to nuclear DNA. Changes in proteins and cardiac function were also assessed.   RESULTS:  Decreases in mtDNA abundance were time dependent after sTAC (−47%±17 at day 2, p COXVIaH  were more sensitive to pressure overload-induced loss of mtDNA and mitochondrial proteins, as were transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific increases in autophagic activity ( αMHC-Beclin 1 ).   CONCLUSION:  MtDNA abundance declines in this model of load-induced heart failure and is associated with increased autophagic activity and ROS generation. Short-term application of CsA can blunt mtDNA loss and improve survival.  This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, South Central Affiliate (Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma & Texas).