tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Joint inflammation tends to recur in the same joints during the rheumatoid arthritis disease course
Authors: Sascha L Heckert, Sytske Anne Bergstra, Xanthe M E Matthijssen, Yvonne P M Goekoop-Ruiterman, Faouzia Fodili, Saskia ten Wolde, Cornelia F Allaart, Tom W J Huizinga
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Objectives We investigated whether local joint swelling recurs in the same joints over time in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are treated to target. Methods Patients with newly diagnosed RA participating in the Behandel-Strategieën, “treatment strategies” (BeSt) study (n=508) were followed for median 10 years while receiving Disease Activity Score (DAS) ≤2.4 steered treatment. Every 3 months 68 joints were assessed for the presence of swelling. We evaluated whether baseline local joint swelling was predictive for swelling in the same joint during follow-up using a multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model. Different strategies were used to account for missing data. A permutation test was performed to assess if joint swelling was better predicted by baseline swelling of the joint itself than by baseline swelling of randomly selected other joints. Results In 46% of the joints that were swollen at baseline, joint swelling later recurred at least once during follow-up. Joint swelling at baseline was statistically significantly associated with swelling in the same joint during follow-up (OR 2.37, 95% CI 2.30 to 2.43, p&lt;0.001), and also specifically with recurrent swelling in the same joint (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.59, p&lt;0.001). Local joint swelling was better predicted by baseline swelling of that particular joint than by baseline swelling of other joints (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion Joint swelling tends to recur locally in the joints swollen at RA onset. This suggests that local factors influence the manifestation of joint inflammation over time.
AB0898-HPR WICH FACTORS ARE RELATED TO PAINFUL EXPERIENCE IN PATIENTS AFFECTED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC?
Authors: T. El Joumani, H. Rkain, T. Fatima Zahrae, H. Kenza, R. Abouqal, N. Laila, S. Bahloul, E. A. Nada, T. Latifa, N. Hajjaj-Hassouni, F. Allali
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of containment, during the Covid-19 pandemic, on the pain of patients with CIRD, and to analyze the factors associated with the experience of pain. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with rheumatic diseases using a questionnaire providing information on patients and disease characteristics. Impact of COVID-19 on This is a cross-sectional study that consecutively included Patients were asked to assess the global pain which they had experienced before and during the containment period, using a single Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (greatest pain). Statistical Analysis System IBM SPSS Statistics V20.0.0 was used to analyze the study data. We performed univariate then multivariate analysis to search any related factors to pain perception during to quarantines. Qualitative values were analyzed by the chi2 test. Quantitative values were analyzed by the Student test when the measures were normally distributed or by nonparametric test (Mann–Whitney U) when the measures were not normally distributed (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to test normality). Results: Among the 350 patients who answered to the questionnaire online, rheumatoid arthritis represented 62.3%, spondyloarthropathy 34.3% and undifferentiated CIRD 3.4%. Pain experience caused by the CIRD during the containment was reported by 79.1% of patients. The level of pain, using the VAS of Pain increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic (4,6 ± 2,8 and 5,4 ± 3 before and during the containment; p&lt;0.001). In multivariate analysis, the factors implicated in pain were the negative impact of Coronavirus on access to rheumatologic care, discontinuation of therapeutic adherence, the disturbed quality of sleep and the negative psychological impact (table 1). Table 1: Summarize multivariable analysis of factors associated with painful experience related to CIRD during containement. Table 1. Multivariable analysis of factors associated with painful experience related to CIRD during containement P Impact on monitoring 0.05 Impact on therapeutic adherence &lt;0.001 Quality of sleep disturbed 0.001 Negative psychological impact 0.02 Conclusion: This survey showed the that the COVID-19 pandemic have incresed painful experience in CIRD patients. Factors influencing painful experience should be taken into account to help patients to cope with their chronic rheumatism and this global health crisis. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Interactions between cancer cells and immune cells drive transitions to mesenchymal-like states in glioblastoma
Authors: Toshiro Hara, Rony Chanoch-Myers, Nathan D. Mathewson, Chad Myskiw, Lyla Atta, Lillian Bussema, Stephen W. Eichhorn, Alissa C. Greenwald, Gabriela S. Kinker, Christopher Rodman, L. Nicolas Gonzalez Castro, Hiroaki Wakimoto, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Xiaowei Zhuang, Jean Fan, Tony Hunter, Inder M. Verma, Kai W. Wucherpfennig, Aviv Regev, Mario L. Suvà, Itay Tirosh
Journal: Cancer Cell (2021)
POS0137 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK ASSOCIATED WITH TREATMENT OF ALLOPURINOL AND BENZBROMARONE IN PATIENTS WITH GOUT
Authors: Y. Eun, S. Y. Kang, S. Lee, H. Kim, J. Lee, E. M. Koh, H. S. Cha
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Background: Previous studies have shown that cardiovascular risk is increased in patients with gout. There are many studies on the effect of uric acid lowering therapy on CV risk in gout patients, but few studies have compared allopurinol and benzbromarone. Objectives: A nationwide population-based cohort study is designed to compare cardiovascular risk according to the treatment of allopurinol and benzbromarone in Korean gout patients. Methods: We used South Korea’s database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment service (HIRA) to identify gout patients 18 years of age or older who newly started allopurinol or benzbromarone between 2009 and 2015. The start date of allopurinol or benzbromarone is defined as the index date. We excluded patients who have been prescribed uric acid lowering agents or have been on dialysis for one year prior to the index date. During the study period, patients who used uric acid lowering agents other than allopurinol and benzbromarone or who used both drugs in combination were also excluded from the study. The primary outcome of the study was the occurrence of a composite cardiovascular endpoint, which included coronary revascularization, hospitalization due to MI, ischemic stroke, and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for the analysis. Results: 257,097 allopurinol initiators and 7,868 benzbromarone initiators were included in the study. The mean age was 54.4 years, 86% were male. The mean adherence of drug administration was 68.2% for allopurinol initiators and 75.5% for benzbromarone initiators. In baseline, the benzbromarone initiator had more cardiovascular comorbidities and related drug administration than the allopurinol initiator. In allopurinol and benzbromarone initiators, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of the composite CV endpoint was 1.01 (95% CI 0.83-1.21), which was not significantly different. No significant difference was found between the two groups in each of the items of the composite CV endpoint and hospitalization for heart failure. The results did not change even when 1:3 propensity score matching was performed for baseline characteristics. In subgroup analysis of high risk patients with cardiovascular disease, there was no significant difference between allopurinol and benzbromarone initiators. However, when the analysis was limited to the group taking allopurinol ≥200mg and benzbromarone ≥50mg, there was no difference in primary outcome and other outcomes, but the risk of coronary revascularization was higher in benzbromarone initiator (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.16-2.14). Conclusion: In our study, there was no significant difference in cardiovascular risk between allopurinol initiator and benzbromarone initiator. In the high risk group of cardiovascular disease, there was no difference in risk between the two drugs. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
SMS messaging to improve retention and viral suppression in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs in Kenya: A 3-arm randomized clinical trial
Authors: John Kinuthia, Keshet Ronen, Jennifer A. Unger, Wenwen Jiang, Daniel Matemo, Trevor Perrier, Lusi Osborn, Bhavna H. Chohan, Alison L. Drake, Barbra A. Richardson, Grace John-Stewart
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2021)

Background Pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV (WLWH) need support for HIV and maternal child health (MCH) care, which could be provided using short message service (SMS). Methods and findings We compared 2-way (interactive) and 1-way SMS messaging to no SMS in a 3-arm randomized trial in 6 MCH clinics in Kenya. Messages were developed using the Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive Theory; HIV messages were integrated into an existing MCH SMS platform. Intervention participants received visit reminders and prespecified weekly SMS on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and MCH, tailored to their characteristics and timing. Two-way participants could message nurses as needed. Clinic attendance, viral load (VL), and infant HIV results were abstracted from program records. Primary outcomes were viral nonsuppression (VL ≥1,000 c/ml), on-time clinic attendance, loss to follow-up from clinical care, and infant HIV-free survival. Among 824 pregnant women randomized between November 2015 and May 2017, median age was 27 years, gestational age was 24.3 weeks, and time since initiation of ART was 1.0 year. During follow-up to 2 years postpartum, 9.8% of 3,150 VL assessments and 19.6% of women were ever nonsuppressed, with no significant difference in 1-way versus control (11.2% versus 9.6%, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67 to 1.54], p = 0.94) or 2-way versus control (8.5% versus 9.6%, aRR 0.80 [95% CI 0.52 to 1.23], p = 0.31). Median ART adherence and incident ART resistance did not significantly differ by arm. Overall, 88.9% (95% CI 76.5 to 95.7) of visits were on time, with no significant differences between arms (88.2% in control versus 88.6% in 1-way and 88.8% in 2-way). Incidence of infant HIV or death was 3.01/100 person-years (py), with no significant difference between arms; risk of infant HIV infection was 0.94%. Time to postpartum contraception was significantly shorter in the 2-way arm than control. Study limitations include limited ability to detect improvement due to high viral suppression and visit attendance and imperfect synchronization of SMS reminders to clinic visits. Conclusions Integrated HIV/MCH messaging did not improve HIV outcomes but was associated with improved initiation of postpartum contraception. In programs where most women are virally suppressed, targeted SMS informed by VL data may improve effectiveness. Rigorous evaluation remains important to optimize mobile health (mHealth) interventions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02400671 .
간경화 환자에서 발생하는 전해질 장애와 질소혈증
Authors: 김근호 ( Gheun Ho Kim )
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2011)

Both sodium and water excretion is impaired in liver failure, producing hypervolemic (edematous) dilutional hyponatremia. Portal hypertension, the pathophysiologic hallmark of cirrhosis, causes splanchnic vasodilation to induce arterial underfilling. This triggers the baroreceptor-mediated activation of anti-natriuretic hormones and non-osmotic release of arginine vasopressin to restore circulatory integrity. Recent studies using vasopressin-2 receptor antagonists showed the short-term effects of relieving hyponatremia. Hypernatremia infrequently occurs in cirrhotic patients when hypotonic diarrheal fluid loss is complicated with the use of lactulose. Patients with liver disease usually have normokalemia because decreased distal sodium delivery counteracts the stimulatory effect of aldosterone on potassium secretion. Hyperkalemia is usually caused by drugs such as potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor antagonists. Inadequate intake or increased loss of potassium may produce hypokalemia, and hepatic encephalopathy may be precipitated because renal ammoniagenesis is enhanced by hypokalemia. Respiratory alkalosis is the most common acid-base derangement in cirrhotic patients as a result of hyperventilation. Renal failure is defined by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and indicated by the presence of azotemia. Serum creatinine is still useful to diagnose renal failure although it has limitations to evaluate GFR in cirrhotic patients. Diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is made in patients in whom serum creatinine rises abruptly by 0.3 mg/dL or more or increases by 150% or more from baseline. Before diagnosing the patients to have hepatorenal syndrome, reversible causes of AKI such as volume deletion, acute tubular necrosis, and post-renal failure should be sought and treated.
Evaluation of biases in remote photoplethysmography methods
Authors: Ananyananda Dasari, Sakthi Kumar Arul Prakash, László A. Jeni, Conrad S. Tucker
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2021)

Abstract This work investigates the estimation biases of remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) methods for pulse rate measurement across diverse demographics. Advances in photoplethysmography (PPG) and rPPG methods have enabled the development of contact and noncontact approaches for continuous monitoring and collection of patient health data. The contagious nature of viruses such as COVID-19 warrants noncontact methods for physiological signal estimation. However, these approaches are subject to estimation biases due to variations in environmental conditions and subject demographics. The performance of contact-based wearable sensors has been evaluated, using off-the-shelf devices across demographics. However, the measurement uncertainty of rPPG methods that estimate pulse rate has not been sufficiently tested across diverse demographic populations or environments. Quantifying the efficacy of rPPG methods in real-world conditions is critical in determining their potential viability as health monitoring solutions. Currently, publicly available face datasets accompanied by physiological measurements are typically captured in controlled laboratory settings, lacking diversity in subject skin tones, age, and cultural artifacts (e.g, bindi worn by Indian women). In this study, we collect pulse rate and facial video data from human subjects in India and Sierra Leone, in order to quantify the uncertainty in noncontact pulse rate estimation methods. The video data are used to estimate pulse rate using state-of-the-art rPPG camera-based methods, and compared against ground truth measurements captured using an FDA-approved contact-based pulse rate measurement device. Our study reveals that rPPG methods exhibit similar biases when compared with a contact-based device across demographic groups and environmental conditions. The mean difference between pulse rates measured by rPPG methods and the ground truth is found to be ~2% (1 beats per minute (b.p.m.)), signifying agreement of rPPG methods with the ground truth. We also find that rPPG methods show pulse rate variability of ~15% (11 b.p.m.), as compared to the ground truth. We investigate factors impacting rPPG methods and discuss solutions aimed at mitigating variance.
Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase blockade reverses prostate cancer drug resistance in xenograft models by glucocorticoid inactivation
Authors: Jianneng Li, Michael Berk, Mohammad Alyamani, Navin Sabharwal, Christopher Goins, Joseph Alvarado, Mehdi Baratchian, Ziqi Zhu, Shaun Stauffer, Eric A. Klein, Nima Sharifi
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Inhibiting H6PD restores prostate cancer response to AR antagonists by normalizing glucocorticoid metabolism in mouse xenograft models.
Disruption of orbitofrontal-hypothalamic projections in a murine ALS model and in human patients
Authors: David Bayer, Stefano Antonucci, Hans-Peter Müller, Rami Saad, Luc Dupuis, Volker Rasche, Tobias M. Böckers, Albert C. Ludolph, Jan Kassubek, Francesco Roselli
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2021)

Abstract Background Increased catabolism has recently been recognized as a clinical manifestation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The hypothalamic systems have been shown to be involved in the metabolic dysfunction in ALS, but the exact extent of hypothalamic circuit alterations in ALS is yet to be determined. Here we explored the integrity of large-scale cortico-hypothalamic circuits involved in energy homeostasis in murine models and in ALS patients. Methods The rAAV2-based large-scale projection mapping and image analysis pipeline based on Wholebrain and Ilastik software suites were used to identify and quantify projections from the forebrain to the lateral hypothalamus in the SOD1(G93A) ALS mouse model (hypermetabolic) and the Fus ΔNLS ALS mouse model (normo-metabolic). 3 T diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 83 ALS and 65 control cases to investigate cortical projections to the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) in ALS. Results Symptomatic SOD1(G93A) mice displayed an expansion of projections from agranular insula, ventrolateral orbitofrontal and secondary motor cortex to the LHA. These findings were reproduced in an independent cohort by using a different analytic approach. In contrast, in the Fus ΔNLS ALS mouse model hypothalamic inputs from insula and orbitofrontal cortex were maintained while the projections from motor cortex were lost. The DTI-MRI data confirmed the disruption of the orbitofrontal-hypothalamic tract in ALS patients. Conclusion This study provides converging murine and human data demonstrating the selective structural disruption of hypothalamic inputs in ALS as a promising factor contributing to the origin of the hypermetabolic phenotype.
Covid-19: “Complete nonsense” to say government shielded care homes, says PM’s former aide
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The UK government’s assertion that it placed a protective shield around care homes in the first wave of the covid-19 pandemic is “complete nonsense,” the prime minister’s former chief adviser has claimed.

Speaking to MPs on 26 May in front of the parliamentary health and science select committees’ inquiry into lessons learnt from the pandemic, Dominic Cummings said he was shocked in April 2020 to find that care home residents who were being discharged from hospital were not being tested before being sent back to care homes.

Cummings told MPs that England’s health secretary, Matt Hancock, had previously assured him and the prime minister, Boris Johnson, that care home residents would be tested before being discharged. He said, “We were told categorically in March [2020] …
AB0116 THE EFFECTS OF DISEASE MODIFYING ANTI-RHEUMATIC DRUGS ON PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOMES; PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND NETWORK META-ANALYSIS
Authors: M. Van den Dikkenberg, Msc, N. Luurssen-Masurel, M. Kuijper, M. R. Kok, P. De Jong, J. Hazes, D. Lopes Barreto, A. Weel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Background: The need to involve patient reported outcomes (PROs) in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases, since PROs quantify patient relevant outcomes. Although PROs have been incorporated in the core-outcome sets in clinical trials, knowledge about the treatment effects on these PROs is scarce. Therefore, we performed a systematic review on the effects of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), of any type, on relevant PRO domains mentioned in the ICHOM standard set. This might support rheumatologists and RA patients during treatment decisions. Objectives: To get insight in the treatment effects of DMARDs of any type on three PRO domains that matter to patients (pain, activity limitations and fatigue). Methods: A systematic review was performed in Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Included were all studies that were published before August 2019 and showed DMARD treatment effects in RA on PROs that are part of the ICHOM standard set. Three Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed for the PRO domains pain, activity limitations and fatigue. Preliminary results of DMARDs (in)directly compared to placebo were visualized by forest plots using R. Results: The search strategy yielded n=5974 articles. After selection was performed by 2 independent researchers, n=70 individual articles representing n=53 studies were extracted, over the three PRO domains; pain (n=31), activity limitations (n=41) and fatigue (n=21). In all RCTs, PROs were only reported as secondary or tertiary endpoints. In figure 1, we show the effects on PROs for any type of DMARD investigated compared to placebo. Overall, DMARDs show a greater reduction in pain (standardized mean difference (SMD); -0.97 – -0.22) and most of them in activity limitations (SMD; -0.81 – 0.56). In fatigue, this clear direction is lacking (SMD; -0.86 – 3.5). csDMARDs and anti-TNF seem to perform slightly, but nog significantly, worse than other bDMARDs and tsDMARDs in the first two domains. Conclusion: Within in this systematic review we report a reduction for DMARDs of any type on the domains of pain and activity limitations compared to placebo. However, results are still preliminary and should be interpreted with care. A more comprehensive network analysis might give a more definitive answer which DMARD performs best. Figure 1. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Inhibition of aberrant tissue remodelling by mesenchymal stromal cells singly coated with soft gels presenting defined chemomechanical cues
Authors: Sing Wan Wong, Chandramohan R. Tamatam, Ik Sung Cho, Peter T. Toth, Raymond Bargi, Patrick Belvitch, James C. Lee, Jalees Rehman, Sekhar P. Reddy, Jae-Won Shin
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2021)