tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects of exercise on sleep in unipolar depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Gavin Brupbacher, Heike Gerger, Thea Zander-Schellenberg, Doris Straus, Hildburg Porschke, Markus Gerber, Roland von Känel, Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2021)

Insomnia predicts the onset, course, and reoccurrence of unipolar depression. However, systematic reviews of treatment options for insomnia in unipolar depression are lacking. After screening 7725 records, 17 trials comprising 1645 patients randomized to 13 treatments were included for quantitative synthesis. Network meta-analysis showed that compared to a passive control condition, all exercise interventions except moderate aerobic exercise alone resulted in significantly better sleep outcomes. Compared with treatment as usual, mind-body exercise plus treatment as usual (SMD: −0.46; 95% CI: −0.80, −0.12) and vigorous strength exercise (SMD: −0.61; 95% CI: −1.12, −0.10) were significantly more effective. Pairwise meta-analyses showed that mind-body exercise (SMD: −0.54; 95% CI: −0.85, −0.23) had beneficial effects compared to passive control. The network meta-analysis is statistically very robust with low heterogeneity, incoherence, and indirectness. However, confidence in the findings was moderate to very low, primarily due to within-study bias. This is the first network meta-analysis to assess exercise's efficacy to improve sleep quality in patients with depression. The findings confirm the benefits of exercise as an add-on treatment for depression. This consolidation of the current state of evidence can help clinicians make evidence-based decisions.
Antibiotic Treatment for Inpatient Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: Thomas B. Newman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Small-molecule screen reveals synergy of cell cycle checkpoint kinase inhibitors with DNA-damaging chemotherapies in medulloblastoma
Authors: Raelene Endersby, Jacqueline Whitehouse, Allison Pribnow, Mani Kuchibhotla, Hilary Hii, Brooke Carline, Suresh Gande, Jennifer Stripay, Mathew Ancliffe, Meegan Howlett, Tobias Schoep, Courtney George, Clara Andradas, Patrick Dyer, Marjolein Schluck, Brett Patterson, Silvia K. Tacheva-Gigorova, Matthew N. Cooper, Giles Robinson, Clinton Stewart, Stefan M. Pfister, Marcel Kool, Till Milde, Amar Gajjar, Terrance Johns, Robert J. Wechsler-Reya, Martine F. Roussel, Nicholas G. Gottardo
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

The CHK1/2 inhibitor LY2606368 (prexasertib) sensitizes high-risk medulloblastoma to chemotherapy and improves survival in multiple in vivo models.
Characterization and Application of Precore/Core‐Related Antigens in Animal Models of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Xupeng Hong, Laurie Luckenbaugh, David Perlman, Peter A. Revill, Stefan F. Wieland, Stephan Menne, Jianming Hu
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Background and Aims The hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg), a composite antigen of precore/core gene including classical hepatitis B core protein (HBc) and HBeAg and, additionally, the precore‐related antigen PreC, retaining the N‐terminal signal peptide, has emerged as a surrogate marker to monitor the intrahepatic HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and to define meaningful treatment endpoints. Approach and Results Here, we found that the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) precore/core gene products (i.e., WHV core‐related antigen [WHcrAg]) include the WHV core protein and WHV e antigen (WHeAg) as well as the WHV PreC protein (WPreC) in infected woodchucks. Unlike in HBV infection, WHeAg and WPreC proteins were N‐glycosylated, and no significant amounts of WHV empty virions were detected in WHV‐infected woodchuck serum. WHeAg was the predominant form of WHcrAg, and a positive correlation was found between the serum WHeAg and intrahepatic cccDNA. Both WHeAg and WPreC antigens displayed heterogeneous proteolytic processing at their C‐termini, resulting in multiple species. Analysis of the kinetics of each component of the precore/core‐related antigen, along with serum viral DNA and surface antigens, in HBV‐infected chimpanzees and WHV‐infected woodchucks revealed multiple distinct phases of viral decline during natural resolution and in response to antiviral treatments. A positive correlation was found between HBc and intrahepatic cccDNA but not between HBeAg or HBcrAg and cccDNA in HBV‐infected chimpanzees, suggesting that HBc can be a better marker for intrahepatic cccDNA. Conclusions In conclusion, careful monitoring of each component of HBcrAg along with other classical markers will help understand intrahepatic viral activities to elucidate natural resolution mechanisms as well as guide antiviral development.
Activated intestinal muscle cells promote preadipocyte migration: a novel mechanism for creeping fat formation in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Ren Mao, Genevieve Doyon, Ilyssa O Gordon, Jiannan Li, Sinan Lin, Jie Wang, Thi Hong Nga Le, Michael Elias, Satya Kurada, Brian Southern, Mitchell Olman, Minhu Chen, Shuai Zhao, Dina Dejanovic, Jyotsna Chandra, Pranab K Mukherjee, Gail West, David R Van Wagoner, Claudio Fiocchi, Florian Rieder
Journal: Gut (2021)

Objective Creeping fat, the wrapping of mesenteric fat around the bowel wall, is a typical feature of Crohn’s disease, and is associated with stricture formation and bowel obstruction. How creeping fat forms is unknown, and we interrogated potential mechanisms using novel intestinal tissue and cell interaction systems. Design Tissues from normal, UC, non-strictured and strictured Crohn’s disease intestinal specimens were obtained. The muscularis propria matrisome was determined via proteomics. Mesenteric fat explants, primary human preadipocytes and adipocytes were used in multiple ex vivo and in vitro cell migration systems on muscularis propria muscle cell derived or native extracellular matrix. Functional experiments included integrin characterisation via flow cytometry and their inhibition with specific blocking antibodies and chemicals. Results Crohn’s disease muscularis propria cells produced an extracellular matrix scaffold which is in direct spatial and functional contact with the immediately overlaid creeping fat. The scaffold contained multiple proteins, but only fibronectin production was singularly upregulated by transforming growth factor-β1. The muscle cell-derived matrix triggered migration of preadipocytes out of mesenteric fat, fibronectin being the dominant factor responsible for their migration. Blockade of α5β1 on the preadipocyte surface inhibited their migration out of mesenteric fat and on 3D decellularised intestinal tissue extracellular matrix. Conclusion Crohn’s disease creeping fat appears to result from the migration of preadipocytes out of mesenteric fat and differentiation into adipocytes in response to an increased production of fibronectin by activated muscularis propria cells. These new mechanistic insights may lead to novel approaches for prevention of creeping fat-associated stricture formation.
In vivo cytidine base editing of hepatocytes without detectable off-target mutations in RNA and DNA
Authors: Lukas Villiger, Tanja Rothgangl, Dominik Witzigmann, Rurika Oka, Paulo J. C. Lin, Weihong Qi, Sharan Janjuha, Christian Berk, Femke Ringnalda, Mitchell B. Beattie, Markus Stoffel, Beat Thöny, Jonathan Hall, Hubert Rehrauer, Ruben van Boxtel, Ying K. Tam, Gerald Schwank
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2021)
Health Care Is a Right, Not a Privilege
Authors: Howard Bauchner, Phil B. Fontanarosa, Karen Joynt Maddox
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 13448: Normal Weight Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Korean Adults : 5-Year Longitudinal Health Checkup Study
Authors: Soyeoun Kim, Hyung Joon Joo, Wan-Joo Shim, Juneyoung Lee
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Obesity, usually defined with body mass index (BMI), is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. Recently, subjects with normal BMI but incre...
AB0327 SERUM IRISIN LEVELS IN HEALTHY WOMEN AND PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: A. Yury, В. Zavodovsky, P. J, S. L, E. Papichev, D. Lavrova
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Objectives: to study serum irisin levels in healthy females and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: We examined 110 patients with a reliable diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The age of the examined was from 18 to 69 years, all patients were female. The diagnosis of RA was established on the basis of the 2010 EULAR diagnostic criteria. The group of patients included patients with a diagnosis at least one month before the planned screening. As a control group, as well as to create a representation of the normal values irisina level in the blood serum of healthy persons were examined 60 healthy volunteers (all women). In both groups, the level of serum irisin was determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by the commercial Irisin ELISA kit. Results: As a result of measurements in the group of healthy individuals, the average value with the standard deviation used to assess the reliability of the average values was 20.49±4.82 μg/ml (μ±σ). By calculation, a reference interval of 10.85-30.13 μg/ml was determined, defined as μ±2σ. In patients with RA, the level of serum irisin was 14.52±6.99 μg / ml (μ±σ), which is significantly lower than in healthy individuals (p&lt;0.01). Then we divided all patients into 2 groups: group 1 with normal values (66 people), group 2 (44 patients) - with a reduced (less than 10.85 μg/ml) level of irisin. In both groups, the dynamics of the level of serum irisin was studied depending on the duration of the disease. Among patients with a disease RA duration of less than 4 years, 16 (24.24%) patients had a normal level of irisin, and 14 (31.82%) had a reduced level (less than 10.85 μg/ml). Among patients with a disease duration of more than 10 years, 36 (54.55%) patients had a normal level of serum irisin, and a low level was determined in 16 (36.36%) patients (χ 2 =3.568, p=0.168). Conclusion: According to the data obtained, the normal level of serum irisin in healthy female individuals was 10.85-30.13 μg/ml. In patients with RA, the average level of irisin is significantly lower, however, with an increase in the duration of the disease, it tends to normalize. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Co-infection of chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae with SARS-CoV-2 is associated with more severe features
Authors: Maria Antonia De Francesco, Claudio Poiesi, Franco Gargiulo, Carlo Bonfanti, Patrizia Pollara, Simona Fiorentini, Francesca Caccuri, Valentina Carta, Lucia Mangeri, Simone Pellizzeri, Damiano Rizzoni, Paolo Malerba, Massimo Salvetti, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Federico Alberici, Francesco Scolari, Andrea Pilotto, Alessandro Padovani, Michela Bezzi, Raffaella Chiappini, Chiara Ricci, Maurizio Castellano, Marialma Berlendis, Giulia Savio, Giovanni Montani, Maurizio Ronconi, Sergio Bove, Emanuele Focà, Lina Tomasoni, Francesco Castelli, Angelo Rossini, Riccardo Inciardi, Marco Metra, Arnaldo Caruso
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)
Abstract 15591: The Perfect Storm: An Unusual Case of Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Susan McIlvaine
Journal: Circulation (2020)

A 77-year-old woman with a medical history of constipation and small bowel bacterial overgrowth presented to an outpatient endoscopy center for EGD/colonoscopy. Both procedures went well with no complications, however while in the recovery room, the patient became abruptly hypotensive to the 70s/30s mmHg with nausea and chest pain. She was transferred to our center for further care. In our emergency room she was initially normotensive with a heart rate of 113 in atrial fibrillation, but subsequently decompensated, requiring intubation and pressors. An EKG revealed ST elevations in V1 and AVR with diffuse ST depressions, and thus a CODE STEMI was activated. Coronary angiography revealed no significant coronary disease. At this point we had to step back and reconsider the cause for this patient’s ongoing profound shock. Our differential was broad, and included obstructive shock secondary to pulmonary embolism or tamponade, hypovolemic shock secondary to a GI procedural complication, and anaphylactic shock. Bedside echocardiogram ruled out pericardial effusion and acute valvular disease, revealing a hyperdynamic LV with systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. Pulmonary arteriogram ruled out pulmonary embolus. Right heart catheterization revealed significantly elevated biventricular filling pressures with a cardiac index of 1.3 L/min/m 2 . Given suspicion for an outflow tract obstruction, she was temporized with an esmolol drip, phenylephrine, and IV fluids. Electrical cardioversion was successful, with immediate rise in her blood pressure despite only a modest improvement in her heart rate. This case demonstrates an unusual presentation of atrial fibrillation resulting in severe hemodynamic compromise. Typically, atrial fibrillation with rates in the 110s, as in our patient, does not cause profound hypotension. This was the principle driver of diagnostic uncertainty. A perfect storm of volume depletion from colonoscopy prep, diastolic dysfunction, dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and loss of atrial systole resulted in profound cardiogenic shock. This obstructive physiology must be kept in mind in patients with cardiogenic shock who do not improve with usual care.
Focal Boost to the Intraprostatic Tumor in External Beam Radiotherapy for Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer: Results From the FLAME Randomized Phase III Trial
Authors: Linda G. W. Kerkmeijer, Veerle H. Groen, Floris J. Pos, Karin Haustermans, Evelyn M. Monninkhof, Robert Jan Smeenk, Martina Kunze-Busch, Johannes C. J. de Boer, Jochem van der Voort van Zijp, Marco van Vulpen, Cédric Draulans, Laura van den Bergh, Sofie Isebaert, Uulke A. van der Heide
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

This study investigates whether focal boosting of the macroscopic visible tumor with external beam radiotherapy increases biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) in patients with localized prostate cancer.In the phase III, multicenter, randomized controlled Focal Lesion Ablative Microboost in Prostate Cancer trial, 571 patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer were enrolled between 2009 and 2015. Patients assigned to standard treatment received 77 Gy (fractions of 2.2 Gy) to the entire prostate. The focal boost arm received an additional simultaneous integrated focal boost up to 95 Gy (fractions up to 2.7 Gy) to the intraprostatic lesion visible on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Organ at risk constraints were prioritized over the focal boost dose. The primary end point was 5-year bDFS. Secondary end points were disease-free survival (DFS), distant metastases-free survival, prostate cancer-specific survival, overall survival, toxicity, and health-related quality of life.Median follow-up was 72 months. Biochemical DFS was significantly higher in the focal boost compared with the standard arm (hazard ratio 0.45, 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.71, P < .001). At 5-year follow-up bDFS was 92% and 85%, respectively. We did not observe differences in prostate cancer-specific survival (P = .49) and overall survival (P = .50). The cumulative incidence of late genitourinary and GI toxicity grade ≥ 2 was 23% and 12% in the standard arm versus 28% and 13% in the focal boost arm, respectively. Both for late toxicity as health-related quality of life, differences were small and not statistically significant.The addition of a focal boost to the intraprostatic lesion improved bDFS for patients with localized intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer without impacting toxicity and quality of life. The Focal Lesion Ablative Microboost in Prostate Cancer study shows that a high focal boost strategy to improve tumor control while respecting organ at risk dose constraints is effective and safe.
The magnitude of COVID-19's effect on the timely management of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers
Authors: Justin W. Marson, Brittany S. Maner, Tanner P. Harding, John Meisenheimer, James A. Solomon, Matt Leavitt, Nicole J. Levin, Robert Dellavalle, Ian Brooks, Darrell S. Rigel
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Abstract 11431: Risk Factors and Risk Prediction Models for Incident HFrEF and HFpEF in U.S. Veterans
Authors: Liam Gaziano, Kelly Cho, Luc Djousse, Ashley Galloway, Yuk-lam Ho, Petra Schubert, Katherine Kurgansky, David Gagnon, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Angela M Wood, J. Michael Gaziano, Adam Butterworth, Peter W Wilson, Jacob Joseph
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Heart failure is a common condition with a poor prognosis. Guidelines have highlighted the need for prevention, but there is a lack of prospective data on the risk of incident heart f...
Detection of Aneuploidy in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Breast Cancer Can Improve Diagnosis of Leptomeningeal Metastases
Authors: Lindsay Angus, Teoman Deger, Agnes Jager, John W.M. Martens, Vanja de Weerd, Irene van Heuvel, Martin J. van den Bent, Peter A.E. Sillevis Smitt, Johan M. Kros, Eric M.J. Bindels, Ellen Heitzer, Stefan Sleijfer, Joost L.M. Jongen, Saskia M. Wilting
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Detection of leptomeningeal metastasis is hampered by limited sensitivities of currently used techniques: MRI and cytology of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Detection of cell-free tumor DNA in CSF has been proposed as a tumor-specific candidate to detect leptomeningeal metastasis at an earlier stage. The aim of this study was to investigate mutation and aneuploidy status in CSF-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients with breast cancer with a clinical suspicion of leptomeningeal metastasis.cfDNA was isolated from stored remnant CSF and analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS; n = 30) and the modified fast aneuploidy screening test-sequencing system (mFAST-SeqS; n = 121). The latter method employs selective amplification of long interspaced nuclear elements sequences that are present throughout the genome and allow for fast and cheap detection of aneuploidy. We compared these results with the gold standard to diagnose leptomeningeal metastasis: cytology.Leptomeningeal metastasis was cytology proven in 13 of 121 patients. Low DNA yields resulted in insufficient molecular coverage of NGS for the majority of samples (success rate, 8/30). The mFAST-SeqS method, successful in 112 of 121 (93%) samples, detected genome-wide aneuploidy in 24 patients. Ten of these patients had cytology-proven leptomeningeal metastasis; 8 additional patients were either concurrently diagnosed with central nervous system metastases by radiological means or developed these soon after the lumbar puncture. The remaining six cases were suspected of leptomeningeal metastasis, but could not be confirmed by cytology or imaging. Aneuploidy was associated with development of leptomeningeal metastasis and significantly worse overall survival.Aneuploidy in CSF-derived cfDNA may provide a promising biomarker to improve timely detection of leptomeningeal metastasis.
Radiotherapy-exposed CD8+ and CD4+ neoantigens enhance tumor control
Authors: Claire Lhuillier, Nils-Petter Rudqvist, Takahiro Yamazaki, Tuo Zhang, Maud Charpentier, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Noah Dephoure, Cristina C. Clement, Laura Santambrogio, Xi Kathy Zhou, Silvia C. Formenti, Sandra Demaria
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Neoantigens generated by somatic nonsynonymous mutations are key targets of tumor-specific T cells, but only a small number of mutations predicted to be immunogenic are presented by MHC molecules on cancer cells. Vaccination studies in mice and patients have shown that the majority of neoepitopes that elicit T cell responses fail to induce significant antitumor activity, for incompletely understood reasons. We report that radiotherapy upregulates the expression of genes containing immunogenic mutations in a poorly immunogenic mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer. Vaccination with neoepitopes encoded by these genes elicited CD8+ and CD4+ T cells that, whereas ineffective in preventing tumor growth, improved the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy. Mechanistically, neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells preferentially killed irradiated tumor cells. Neoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells were required for the therapeutic efficacy of vaccination and acted by producing Th1 cytokines, killing irradiated tumor cells, and promoting epitope spread. Such a cytotoxic activity relied on the ability of radiation to upregulate class II MHC molecules as well as the death receptors FAS/CD95 and DR5 on the surface of tumor cells. These results provide proof-of-principle evidence that radiotherapy works in concert with neoantigen vaccination to improve tumor control.