tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dolutegravir and pregnancy outcomes in women on antiretroviral therapy in Brazil: a retrospective national cohort study
Authors: Gerson Fernando Mendes Pereira, Ahra Kim, Emilia M Jalil, Fernanda Fernandes Fonseca, Bryan E Shepherd, Valdilea G Veloso, Fernanda Rick, Rachel Ribeiro, Maria Cristina Pimenta, Andrea Beber, Renato Girade Corrêa, Renato Lima, Fernanda Maruri, Catherine C McGowan, Adele Schwartz Benzaken, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Jessica L Castilho
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2020)
Immunogenic Chemotherapy Enhances Recruitment of CAR-T Cells to Lung Tumors and Improves Antitumor Efficacy when Combined with Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Shivani Srivastava, Scott N. Furlan, Carla A. Jaeger-Ruckstuhl, Megha Sarvothama, Carolina Berger, Kimberly S. Smythe, Sarah M. Garrison, Jennifer M. Specht, Sylvia M. Lee, Robert A. Amezquita, Valentin Voillet, Vishaka Muhunthan, Sushma Yechan-Gunja, Smitha P.S. Pillai, Christoph Rader, A. McGarry Houghton, Robert H. Pierce, Raphael Gottardo, David G. Maloney, Stanley R. Riddell
Journal: Cancer Cell (2020)
Novel placement of an esophageal wound vacuum for a persistent anastomotic leak
Authors: Jonathan Wong, Dave Lal, Jack Schneider, Ali Mejaddam, Michael Manfredi, Diana Lerner
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Esophageal vacuum-assisted closure is a relatively new technique that has been offered as an alternative to stenting. A recent study by Manfredi et al. demonstrated the efficacy of this therapy in pediatric patients [1]. We present our experience using this therapy to resolve a persistent esophageal perforation.
Opportunities to Address Men’s Health During the Perinatal Period — Puerto Rico, 2017
Authors: Beatriz Salvesen von Essen, Katherine Kortsmit, Denise V. D’Angelo, Lee Warner, Ruben A. Smith, Clarissa Simon, Craig F. Garfield, Wanda Hernández Virella, Manuel I. Vargas Bernal
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Decreased use of health care services (1), increased exposure to occupational hazards, and higher rates of substance use (2) might contribute to men's poorer health outcomes when compared with such outcomes for women (3). During the transition to fatherhood, paternal health and involvement during pregnancy might have an impact on maternal and infant outcomes (4-6). To assess men's health-related behaviors and participation in fatherhood-related activities surrounding pregnancy, the Puerto Rico Department of Health and CDC analyzed data from the paternal survey of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System-Zika Postpartum Emergency Response (PRAMS-ZPER)* study. Fewer than one half (48.3%) of men attended a health care visit for themselves in the 12 months before their newborn's birth. However, most fathers attended one or more prenatal care visits (87.2%), were present at the birth (83.1%), and helped prepare for the newborn's arrival (e.g., by preparing the home [92.4%] or purchasing supplies [93.9%]). These findings suggest that opportunities are available for public health messaging directed toward fathers during the perinatal period to increase attention to their own health and health behaviors, and to emphasize the role they can play in supporting their families' overall health and well-being.
Domain binding and isotype dictate the activity of anti-human OX40 antibodies
Authors: Jordana Griffiths, Khiyam Hussain, Hannah L Smith, Theodore Sanders, Kerry L Cox, Monika Semmrich, Linda Mårtensson, Jinny Kim, Tatyana Inzhelevskaya, Chris A Penfold, Alison L Tutt, C Ian Mockridge, HT Claude Chan, Vikki English, Ruth F French, Ingrid Teige, Aymen Al-Shamkhani, Martin J Glennie, Bjorn L Frendeus, Jane E Willoughby, Mark S Cragg
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

Background Previous data suggests that anti-OX40 mAb can elicit anti-tumor effects in mice through deletion of Tregs. However, OX40 also has powerful costimulatory effects on T cells which could evoke therapeutic responses. Human trials with anti-OX40 antibodies have shown that these entities are well tolerated but to date have delivered disappointing clinical responses, indicating that the rules for the optimal use of anti-human OX40 (hOX40) antibodies is not yet fully understood. Changes to timing and dosages may lead to improved outcomes; however, here we focus on addressing the role of agonism versus depleting activity in determining therapeutic outcomes. We investigated a novel panel of anti-hOX40 mAb to understand how these reagents and mechanisms may be optimized for therapeutic benefit. Methods This study examines the binding activity and in vitro activity of a panel of anti-hOX40 antibodies. They were further evaluated in several in vivo models to address how isotype and epitope determine mechanism of action and efficacy of anti-hOX40 mAb. Results Binding analysis revealed the antibodies to be high affinity, with epitopes spanning all four cysteine-rich domains of the OX40 extracellular domain. In vivo analysis showed that their activities relate directly to two key properties: (1) isotype—with mIgG1 mAb evoking receptor agonism and CD8+ T-cell expansion and mIgG2a mAb evoking deletion of Treg and (2) epitope—with membrane-proximal mAb delivering more powerful agonism. Intriguingly, both isotypes acted therapeutically in tumor models by engaging these different mechanisms. Conclusion These findings highlight the significant impact of isotype and epitope on the modulation of anti-hOX40 mAb therapy, and indicate that CD8+ T-cell expansion or Treg depletion might be preferred according to the composition of different tumors. As many of the current clinical trials using OX40 antibodies are now using combination therapies, this understanding of how to manipulate therapeutic activity will be vital in directing new combinations that are more likely to improve efficacy and clinical outcomes.
Cell Therapy for Heart Disease: Where Are We in 2011?⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Alan W. Heldman, Juan P. Zambrano, Joshua M. Hare
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Umbilical Cord Blood DNA Methylation, and Cardio-Metabolic Indicators in Newborns: The Healthy Start Study
Authors: Anne P. Starling, Cuining Liu, Guannan Shen, Ivana V. Yang, Katerina Kechris, Sarah J. Borengasser, Kristen E. Boyle, Weiming Zhang, Harry A. Smith, Antonia M. Calafat, Richard F. Hamman, John L. Adgate, Dana Dabelea
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally persistent chemicals widely detected in women of reproductive age. Prenatal PFAS exposure is associated with adverse health outcomes in children. We hypothesized that DNA methylation changes may result from prenatal PFAS exposure and may be linked to offspring cardio-metabolic phenotype. We estimated associations of prenatal PFAS with DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood. We evaluated associations of methylation at selected sites with neonatal cardio-metabolic indicators. Among 583 mother-infant pairs in a prospective cohort, five PFAS were quantified in maternal serum (median 27 wk of gestation). Umbilical cord blood DNA methylation was evaluated using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were evaluated at a false discovery rate (FDR)<0.05 and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified using comb-p (Šidák-adjusted p<0.05). We estimated associations between methylation at candidate DMPs and DMR sites and the following outcomes: newborn weight, adiposity, and cord blood glucose, insulin, lipids, and leptin. Maternal serum PFAS concentrations were below the median for females in the U.S. general population. Moderate to high pairwise correlations were observed between PFAS concentrations (ρ=0.28-0.76). Methylation at one DMP (cg18587484), annotated to the gene TJAP1, was associated with perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) at FDR< 0.05. Comb-p detected between 4 and 15 DMRs for each PFAS. Associated genes, some common across multiple PFAS, were implicated in growth (RPTOR), lipid homeostasis (PON1, PON3, CIDEB, NR1H2), inflammation and immune activity (RASL11B, RNF39), among other functions. There was suggestive evidence that two PFAS-associated loci (cg09093485, cg09637273) were associated with cord blood triglycerides and birth weight, respectively (FDR< 0.1). DNA methylation in umbilical cord blood was associated with maternal serum PFAS concentrations during pregnancy, suggesting potential associations with offspring growth, metabolism, and immune function. Future research should explore whether DNA methylation changes mediate associations between prenatal PFAS exposures and child health outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6888.
Ovarian Inflammation Mass Mimicking Recurrent Rectal Cancer 17 Years After Surgery
Authors: Guohua Shen, Anren Kuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract A 58-year-old woman diagnosed with rectal cancer received surgery and chemotherapy 17 years ago, and since then, she has been tumor-free. However, 1 month ago, she complained of progressive abdominal and pelvic pain. MRI scans revealed a soft-tissue ovarian mass with heterogeneous signals in the right pelvis, showing obvious enhancement after contrast injection. On PET/CT images, the lesion presented with intense FDG accumulation. Above imaging findings raised the possibility of tumor recurrence, and thus exploratory laparotomy was performed. Pathological results confirmed the diagnosis of active inflammation with fibrous tissue hyperplasia.
A Rare Case of Staghorn Calculi Complicated by Bilateral Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
Authors: Michael Chang, Gary Dellacerra, Deep Sharma, Joshua M. Stern, Peter Nauka, Wei Chen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Chang, Michael; Dellacerra, Gary; Sharma, Deep; Stern, Joshua M.; Nauka, Peter; Chen, Wei Author Information
Canaries in the Coal Mine: Nursing Home Dialysis Patients as Sentinels During COVID-19
Authors: Allen Kaufman, Alice Hellebrand, Steven M. Kaplan, Jordan Ledvina, Nathan W. Levin, Eran Y. Bellin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Kaufman, Allen; Hellebrand, Alice; Kaplan, Steven M.; Ledvina, Jordan; Levin, Nathan W.; Bellin, Eran Y. Author Information
Association of Childhood Growth Hormone Treatment With Long-term Cardiovascular Morbidity
Authors: Anders Tidblad, Matteo Bottai, Helle Kieler, Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland, Lars Sävendahl
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Concerns about the cardiovascular safety of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in childhood have recently been raised; however, long-term studies are limited.To investigate the long-term risk of overall and severe cardiovascular events in patients previously treated with rhGH in childhood and whether there is an association with treatment duration or dose.This nationwide population-based cohort study included patients treated with rhGH during childhood from January 1, 1985, to December 31, 2010, in Sweden, with follow-up through December 31, 2014. Included patients were treated with rhGH owing to isolated growth hormone deficiency (GHD), small for gestational age (SGA), and idiopathic short stature (ISS). For each patient, 15 age-, sex-, and region-based matched control individuals were randomly selected from the general population as a comparison group. Data on cardiovascular outcomes and covariates including gestational age, birth weight, birth length, socioeconomic status, and height were obtained through linkage with several health care and population-based registers. Data were analyzed from January 1, 1985, to December 31, 2014.Treatment with rhGH during childhood and adolescence (aged 0-18 years).The primary outcome was the first cardiovascular event recorded after the start of follow-up, and the secondary outcome was the first severe cardiovascular event.A total of 53 444 individuals (3408 patients and 50 036 controls; 67.7% men; mean [SD] age at study end, 25.1 [8.2] years) were followed up for as long as 25 years (median follow-up, 14.9 [range, 0-25] years; total, 795 125 person-years). Among 1809 recorded cardiovascular events, the crude incidence rates were 25.6 events per 10 000 person-years for patients and 22.6 events per 10 000 person-years for controls. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all cardiovascular events was higher in patients compared with controls (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.30-2.19), especially for women (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.31-3.20) compared with men (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.12-2.13). All subgroups had increased HRs (SGA, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.28-3.04]; GHD, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.21-2.26]; and ISS, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.01-2.37]). Longer duration of rhGH treatment (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.35-3.20) and total cumulative dose (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.18-3.55) were associated with higher risk for overall cardiovascular disease. The adjusted HR for severe cardiovascular disease was 2.27 (95% CI, 1.01-5.12).In this cohort study, treatment with rhGH during childhood due to GHD, SGA, or ISS was associated with increased risks of cardiovascular events in early adulthood, particularly in women; however, conclusions of causality are still limited and the absolute risk remains low.
Uptake and Accuracy of the Diagnosis Code for COVID-19 Among US Hospitalizations
Authors: Sameer S. Kadri, Jake Gundrum, Sarah Warner, Zhun Cao, Ahmed Babiker, Michael Klompas, Ning Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (2020)

This study uses administrative claims data to describe trends in use of ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes for novel coronavirus patients in January-May 2020, before and afer the April 1 release of the U07.1 code to facilitate billing for and case monitoring of COVID-19.
Time-to-death is a potential confounder in observational studies of blood transfusion in severe malaria – Authors' reply
Authors: Hans Ackerman, Christopher H O Olola, Sanjeev Krishna, David J Roberts, Peter G Kremsner, Charles R Newton, Terrie Taylor, Clarissa Valim, Climent Casals-Pascual
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2020)
Milestones in nephrology and welcoming the future: the 61st anniversary of the International Society of Nephrology
Authors: Pierre Ronco, Brad Rovin, Masaomi Nangaku, Christina Wyatt, Vivek Jha, P. Toby Coates, Olivier Devuyst, Tilman B. Drueke, Jürgen Floege, Agnes B. Fogo, T. Alp Ikizler, Masaomi Nangaku, Jai Radhakrishnan, Germaine Wong, Christina Wyatt
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
Prevalence and Childhood Precursors of Opioid Use in the Early Decades of Life
Authors: Lilly Shanahan, Sherika N. Hill, Laura Bechtiger, Annekatrin Steinhoff, Jennifer Godwin, Lauren M. Gaydosh, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Kenneth A. Dodge, William E. Copeland
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Opioid use disorder and opioid deaths have increased dramatically in young adults in the US, but the age-related course or precursors to opioid use among young people are not fully understood.To document age-related changes in opioid use and study the childhood antecedents of opioid use by age 30 years in 6 domains of childhood risk: sociodemographic characteristics; school or peer problems; parental mental illness, drug problems, or legal involvement; substance use; psychiatric illness; and physical health.This community-representative prospective longitudinal cohort study assessed 1252 non-Hispanic White individuals and American Indian individuals in rural counties in the central Appalachia region of North Carolina from January 1993 to December 2015. Data were analyzed from January 2019 to January 2020.Between ages 9 and 16 years, participants and their parents were interviewed up to 7 times using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment and reported risk factors in 6 risk domains.Participants were assessed again at ages 19, 21, 25, and 30 years for nonheroin opioid use (any and weekly) and heroin use using the structured Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment.Of 1252 participants, 342 (27%) were American Indian. By age 30 years, 322 participants had used a nonheroin opioid (24.2%; 95% CI, 21.8-26.5), 155 had used a nonheroin opioid weekly (8.8%; 95% CI, 7.2-10.3), and 95 had used heroin (6.6%; 95% CI, 5.2-7.9). Childhood risk markers for later opioid use included male sex, tobacco use, depression, conduct disorder, cannabis use, having peers exhibiting social deviance, parents with legal involvement, and elevated systemic inflammation. In final models, childhood tobacco use, depression, and cannabis use were most robustly associated with opioid use in young adulthood (ages 19 to 30 years). Chronic depression and dysthymia were strongly associated with any nonheroin opioid use (OR. 5.43; 95% CI, 2.35-12.55 and OR, 7.13; 95% CI, 1.99-25.60, respectively) and with weekly nonheroin opioid use (OR, 8.89; 95% CI, 3.61-21.93 and OR, 11.51; 95% CI, 3.05-42.72, respectively). Among young adults with opioid use, those with heroin use had the highest rates of childhood psychiatric disorders and comorbidities.Childhood tobacco use and chronic depression may be associated with impaired reward system functioning, which may increase young adults' vulnerability to opioid-associated euphoria. Preventing and treating early substance use and childhood mental illness may help prevent later opioid use.
Persistent Viral Shedding and Antibody Response to the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Aisha Shaikh, Etti Zeldis, Kirk N. Campbell, Lili Chan
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Background: The duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA shedding and antibody response of chronic HD patients to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is currently unknown Methods: This is a retrospective case series of chronic HD patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 RNA) on nasal or nasopharyngeal specimen between March 20 and May 28, 2020 at the James J  Peters VA Hospital  Patients were tested at varying intervals to document clearance of virus or for surveillance purposes  SARS-CoV-2 Virus IgG Antibody (Ab) testing was performed on all HD patients with COVID-19 (using the Abbot IgG nucleocapsid antibody test and i2000SR machine, Ref  range of the Ab titer: >1 39 positive) Results: Of 84 chronic HD patients, 26% (22) were diagnosed with COVID-19  Mean age of those with COVID-19 was 72±9 years old, 86% were Black, 77% had diabetes and all had hypertension  Of these patients, 59% (13/22) required hospitalization and 18% (4/22) died  IgG Ab testing was performed on 19 out of 22 COVID-19 patients  All 19 patients tested positive for IgG Ab with an average Ab titer of 7±1 2  20 days after the first SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive test, 68% (13/19) patients remained positive on repeat RNA testing  3 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA on repeat surveillance testing, despite testing negative on 2 prior consecutive nasal or nasopharyngeal specimens (Fig  1)  None of these 3 patients were symptomatic at the time their repeat swabs were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Conclusions: All HD patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 developed IgG Ab to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but the SARS-Cov-2 RNA was detectable in the swab specimen for a prolonged duration of time  In a few cases, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA became detectable after 2 consecutive negative RNA specimens  It is unknown if the IgG antibodies confer immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus  Additionally, the significance of persistent viral RNA shedding in patients who have recovered from COVID-19 remains to be elucidated
Abstract 15373: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Incident Heart Failure: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies Among 9 Million Participants
Authors: Yuqing Chen, Yanxiao Gao, Yaqin Zhou, Xianhong Li, Honghong Wang, Tamar S Polonsky, Sten H Vermund, Hanzhu Qian, Frank Qian
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Long-term exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated immune dysregulation and adverse metabolic effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy could increase the risk for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Previous prospective studies have also identified HIV infection as an independent risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF), though results remain inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to assess the association between HIV infection and incident HF. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that HIV infection would increase the risk of incident HF, though this association may be modified by other demographic or clinical characteristics. Methods: We performed a literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science through June 1 st , 2020 to identify prospective studies which examined the association between HIV infection and incident HF among adults (age≥18 years). Study-specific risk estimates were combined using a random-effects model to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Eight records with a total of 8,949,448 participants with 101,335 incident cases of HF (1,941 among HIV+ individuals and 99,394 among HIV- individuals) were included for meta-analysis. In our overall analysis, HIV infection was positively associated with incident HF, RR (95% CI): 1.80 (1.51-2.15), I 2 =85.6% ( Figure 1 ). This association was largely consistent among individuals without a history of CVD, RR (95% CI): 1.89 (1.51-2.37). HIV infection status tended to be a stronger risk factor for HF among younger adults (age&lt;50 years), women, and individuals with low CD4 (&lt;200 cells/mm 3 ) count. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis provides additional support that HIV may be an independent risk factor for HF, with potentially important clinical and public health implications for primary prevention.
High-Calorie Treatment Leads to Faster Gains in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Adolescents and young adults hospitalized with anorexia nervosa became medically stable more quickly with higher-calorie foods reintroduced to their diet compared with standard lower-calorie refeeding (LCR), according to short-term outcomes published in JAMA Pediatrics.
Nintedanib targets KIT D816V neoplastic cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Marcelo A. S. Toledo, Malrun Gatz, Stephanie Sontag, Karoline V. Gleixner, Gregor Eisenwort, Kristina Feldberg, Ahmed E. I. Hamouda, Frederick Kluge, Riccardo Guareschi, Giulia Rossetti, Antonio S. Sechi, Olli M. J. Dufva, Satu M. Mustjoki, Angela Maurer, Herdit M. Schüler, Roman Goetzke, Till Braunschweig, Anne Kaiser, Jens Panse, Mohamad Jawhar, Andreas Reiter, Frank Hilberg, Peter Ettmayer, Wolfgang Wagner, Steffen Koschmieder, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Peter Valent, Nicolas Chatain, Martin Zenke
Journal: Blood (2020)
Frequent genetic alterations in immune checkpoint–related genes in intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kazuyuki Shimada, Kenichi Yoshida, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Chisako Iriyama, Yoshikage Inoue, Masashi Sanada, Keisuke Kataoka, Masaaki Yuge, Yusuke Takagi, Shigeru Kusumoto, Yasufumi Masaki, Takahiko Ito, Yuichiro Inagaki, Akinao Okamoto, Yachiyo Kuwatsuka, Masahiro Nakatochi, Satoko Shimada, Hiroaki Miyoshi, Yuichi Shiraishi, Kenichi Chiba, Hiroko Tanaka, Satoru Miyano, Yusuke Shiozawa, Yasuhito Nannya, Asako Okabe, Kei Kohno, Yoshiko Atsuta, Koichi Ohshima, Shigeo Nakamura, Seishi Ogawa, Akihiro Tomita, Hitoshi Kiyoi
Journal: Blood (2020)