tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 183: Public-Access Automated External Defibrillator Pad Application and Favorable Neurological Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Public Locations; A Prospective Population-Based Propensity-Score Matched Study
Authors: Takefumi Kishimori, Takeyuki Kiguchi, Kosuke Kiyohara, Tasuku Matsuyama, Haruka Shida, Sumito Hayashida, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Takashi Kawamura, Taku Iwami
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Randomized control trials or observational studies showed that the use of public-access automated external defibrillator (AED) was effective for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, it is unclear whether public-access AED use is effective for all patients with OHCA irrespective of first documented rhythm. We aimed to evaluate the effect of public-access AED use for OHCA patients considering first documented rhythm (shockable or non-shockable) in public locations. Methods: From the Utstein-style registry in Osaka City, Japan, we obtained information on adult patients with OHCA of medical origin in public locations before emergency-medical-service personnel arrival between 2011 and 2015. The primary outcome was one-month survival with favorable neurological outcome. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the public-access AED pad application and favorable neurological outcome after OHCA by using one-to-one propensity score matching analysis. Results: Among 1743 eligible patients, a total of 336 (19.3%) victims received public-access AED pad application. The proportion of patients who survived one-month with favorable neurological outcome was significantly higher in the pad application group than in the non-pad application group (29.8% vs. 9.7%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73-4.68, AOR after propensity score matching, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.40-5.72). In a subgroup analysis, the AOR of patients with shockable or non-shockable rhythms was 3.36 (95% CI, 1.78-6.35) and 2.38 (95% CI, 0.89-6.34), respectively. Conclusions: Public-access AED pad application was associated with better outcome among OHCA patients with shockable rhythm and the trend was the same among those with non-shockable rhythm.
Intractable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Venkat Warren
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ANGINA pectoris is a manifestation of myocardial hypoxia<sup>1</sup>caused by an imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and available oxygen supply. In some patients, increased sympathetic tone and heart rate cause oxygen-wasting and provoke recurrent attacks of anginal chest pains at lower levels of physical activity.<sup>2-3</sup>Selective blockade of excessive cardiac sympathetic responses by specific β-adrenergic receptor blocking agents, eg, propranolol hydrochloride, has been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of ischemic chest pains and to increase the effort tolerance in these patients.<sup>4-6</sup>Unfortunately, the higher dose of propranolol required to control the symptoms of angina pectoris in some of these patients may lead to severe symptomatic bradycardia.<sup>7</sup>Three such patients (Table) were treated with propranolol and the use of a permanent pervenous pacemaker (rate, 60 beats per minute), with good control of anginal pains. <h3>Comment</h3> Several advantages derive from the combined use of a pervenous
Intermittent claudication.
Authors: M. D. Churcher
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEDICAsLNAL 775 (2 to 9 mm.Hg) in eight cases, was un- changed in three, and fell slightly in one case.Sharp rises culminated twice in death and once in deep coma.In six patients the level appeared to stabilize at plateau levels of 60, 70, or 75 mm.Hg, and this proved a relatively benign phenomenon, for five of them survived to show a prompt fall when oxygen was stopped.The carbon dioxide rise bore little relation to the initial level.The two patients who died in acute hypercapnoea following 28% oxygen had original levels of only 45 and 47.5 mm.Hg respectively.Another patient's carbon dioxide rose from 40 to 47 mm.Hg on metered oxygen.Attempts to forecast these effects were made in 19 cases, but failed.Blood gases estimated just before, and repeated after 10 minutes on, 28% oxygen showed an average about half of the ultimate oxygen rise (that is, 25% of the increase in inspired oxygen tension), but with great individual variations;
Ultrasound imaging tracking of mesenchymal stem cells intracellularly labeled with biosynthetic gas vesicles for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zheli Gong, Yanni He, Meijun Zhou, Huijuan Xin, Min Pan, Muhammad Fiaz, Hongmei Liu, Fei Yan
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and damage to articular tissues that can lead to irreversible joint damage and progressive disability.The multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in immune disorders and tissue regeneration.However, their immunosuppressive effects and the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear due to the lack of tools for real-time imaging of MSCs in vivo.Gas vesicles (GVs) are biosynthetic nanobubbles that are ejected from aquatic microbes, such as bacteria and archaea, and have an excellent ultrasound imaging capacity.Methods: We harvested MSCs from the bone marrow of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.Then, GVs were synthesized and incubated with MSCs to obtain intracellularly labeled MSCs.We firstly tested the ultrasound imaging of GV@MSCs in vitro and in vivo and then explored the therapeutic effect of GV@MSCs combined with methotrexate (MTX) in RA rats.Results: These GV@MSCs showed significant contrast-enhanced ultrasound signals without a loss of viability and differentiation capacity.In addition, the GV@MSCs could be imaged in real-time for 5 days using ultrasound both in vitro and in vivo, making it possible to visually track their migration and homing to the joint cavity from the subcutaneous layer of lateral malleolus joints in the injected RA rats.Furthermore, GV@MSCs significantly enhanced the curative effect of methotrexate (MTX) against RA, resulting in decreased paw thickness, lower arthritis index score, reduced bone erosion and cartilage destruction, compared to the PBS, free MTX, and GV@MSCs groups. Conclusion:We developed a novel therapeutic strategy against RA using GVs-loaded MSCs that can be tracked in vivo in real-time.
Diet, Lipids and Cancer: Metabolism-Membranes-Mechanisms
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Diet, Lipids and Cancer: Metabolism-Membranes-Mechanisms Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 79, Issue 5, November 1987, Pages 1173–1174, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/79.5.1173-h Published: 01 November 1987
Abstract 340: Early Invasive Hemodynamics and Outcomes in Cardiac Arrest Survivors Undergoing Targeted Temperature Management
Authors: Aldo L Schenone, Kevin Chen, Bashaer Gheyath, Nyal Borges, Manshi Li, Xiaofeng Wang, Abhijit Duggal, Venu Menon
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Clinical and electrical determinants of survival following cardiac arrest (CA) have been well defined. The prognostic role of early invasive hemodynamics (iHDs) remains unknown. Hypothesis: Early iHDs following CA in survivors undergoing TTM predicts survival and neurological outcomes at hospital discharge. Methods: We reviewed prospectively collected data on CA survivors undergoing TTM in a quaternary CICU between Jan 15 and Jun 17. Patients included were required to have RHC derived iHDs at initiation of TTM. Subjects with cooling initiated before admission and temperature of &lt;36°C prior to obtaining iHDs were excluded. Univariate and multivariate regression were conducted to test whether cardiac index (Fick-CI≥2.2 vs &lt;2.2 liters/min per m 2 ), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP≥18 vs &lt;18mmHg), systemic vascular resistance (SVR&gt;1200 vs 800-1200 vs &lt;800 dynes·sec·cm -5 ) or Forrester hemodynamic profiles were predictive of survival and favorable neurological outcomes at hospital discharge. Results: We identified 52 subjects and 26 (50%) survived to hospital discharge, with 21 (40%) achieving a favorable neurological outcome. Wide variability in invasive hemodynamic parameters was noted in this cohort. There was no association between Fick-CI (p=0.45 &amp; p=0.10), PCWP (p=0.90 &amp; p=0.60), SVR (0.95 &amp; p=0.17) or Forrester hemodynamic profiles (p=0.40 &amp; p=0.42) and survival or favorable neurological outcome at discharge. Conclusion: CA survivors undergoing TTM present with a wide spectrum of iHDs highlighting the heterogeneity of the post cardiac arrest syndrome. Early iHDs did not predict survival or neurological outcomes at hospital discharge.
A multicenter real-world study reviewing systemic anticancer treatment choices and drop off rates between treatment lines for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the United Kingdom: In the immunotherapy era.
Authors: John McGrane, Ricky Frazer, Amarnath Challapalli, Gihan Ratnayake, Anna Lydon, Dominique Siobhan Parslow, Anand Sharma, Niall Moon, Senjuti Gupta, Sara Walters, Megan Driver, Rebecca Alexander, Sarah Kingdon, Muhammad Khan, Amit Bahl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

358 Background: The treatment landscape of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has evolved over the last few years with several systemic anti-cancer therapies (SACT) licensed across different lines of treatment. A previous real world study in the UK had demonstrated a significant attrition rate between each line of therapy suggesting less than half of patients who received first line SACT then received second line therapy and less than a fifth of first line SACT patients reach third line. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients treated between January 2018 and end of June 2021 to see if advancement in treatment options had impacted on the drop-off rates. Data was collected from 5 UK sites. Patients were identified from electronic SACT database. All reimbursed treatment options including the COVID interim treatment guidelines options were included. Patients who received SACT as part of a clinical trial were also included. Patients who remained on the respective lines of treatment were censored. Results: Data for 515 patients (372 male: 143 female) who received first-line SACT for mRCC were included in the analyses. IMDC prognostic groups were 103 favourable, 236 intermediate, 127 poor (49 not available). On progression 69% of patients were able to receive second-line therapy and 34% were able to receive third-line therapy. Of the 515 first-line therapies, 24% of patients received frontline ipilimumab and nivolumab, 10% received TKI and IO combination and 63% received single agent VEGF TKI. Second-line nivolumab or cabozantinib (43% and 40% respectively) were the most commonly prescribed options. Third-line cabozantinib 61% and nivolumab 16% remain the most used options. Across all lines of therapy progressive disease was the primary reason for discontinuation. 5% switched treatment due to toxicity. Conclusions: These results suggest that, with more treatment options available, including combination/ immunotherapy therapies, more patients are able to receive second and third-line therapies. Despite this, nearly one third of patients only receive one line of treatment which highlights the need to deliver the most efficacious treatments first to optimise patient outcomes. Moreover, single agent TKI was the most commonly used first-line SACT despite advances in the management pathway. Data analysing the impact of COVID on treatment selection will be presented.[Table: see text]
Phylogeography and transmission of M. tuberculosis in Moldova: A prospective genomic analysis
Authors: Chongguang Yang, Benjamin Sobkowiak, Vijay Naidu, Alexandru Codreanu, Nelly Ciobanu, Kenneth S. Gunasekera, Melanie H. Chitwood, Sofia Alexandru, Stela Bivol, Marcus Russi, Joshua Havumaki, Patrick Cudahy, Heather Fosburgh, Christopher J. Allender, Heather Centner, David M. Engelthaler, Nicolas A. Menzies, Joshua L. Warren, Valeriu Crudu, Caroline Colijn, Ted Cohen
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

The incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains critically high in countries of the former Soviet Union, where >20% of new cases and >50% of previously treated cases have resistance to rifampin and isoniazid. Transmission of resistant strains, as opposed to resistance selected through inadequate treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB), is the main driver of incident MDR-TB in these countries.We conducted a prospective, genomic analysis of all culture-positive TB cases diagnosed in 2018 and 2019 in the Republic of Moldova. We used phylogenetic methods to identify putative transmission clusters; spatial and demographic data were analyzed to further describe local transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of 2,236 participants, 779 (36%) had MDR-TB, of whom 386 (50%) had never been treated previously for TB. Moreover, 92% of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains belonged to putative transmission clusters. Phylogenetic reconstruction identified 3 large clades that were comprised nearly uniformly of MDR-TB: 2 of these clades were of Beijing lineage, and 1 of Ural lineage, and each had additional distinct clade-specific second-line drug resistance mutations and geographic distributions. Spatial and temporal proximity between pairs of cases within a cluster was associated with greater genomic similarity. Our study lasted for only 2 years, a relatively short duration compared with the natural history of TB, and, thus, the ability to infer the full extent of transmission is limited.The MDR-TB epidemic in Moldova is associated with the local transmission of multiple M. tuberculosis strains, including distinct clades of highly drug-resistant M. tuberculosis with varying geographic distributions and drug resistance profiles. This study demonstrates the role of comprehensive genomic surveillance for understanding the transmission of M. tuberculosis and highlights the urgency of interventions to interrupt transmission of highly drug-resistant M. tuberculosis.
Multidisciplinary teams.
Authors: B Dick
Journal: BMJ (1980)

and torture. (4)Establishing a network of prominent medical experts in the world who could influence their colleagues in countries acting in breach of the Helsinki agreement to stand firm on the side of human rights.We would welcome any volunteers sympathising with our aims as new members of Amnesty International's medical group.If, however, any sympathisers feel that they cannot fully participate, on account of their present commitments, we would be grateful for help with an occasional case where the authority of a particular specialist might be of value.We would like to extend this invitation to members of the dental and nursing pro- fessions.
Call for papers: Exploiting extracellular vesicles as therapeutic agents
Authors: Robert M. Frederickson, Thomas Ritter, Kevin Morris, Marcin Kortylewski, Maha Nasr, Roland W. Herzog
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2022)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles carrying proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other macromolecules and metabolites, that are released from nearly every type of cell. A wide variety of EV subtypes and sizes have been identified, leading to a historically heterogeneous nomenclature and definition. EVs and their derivatives function as vehicles of intercellular communication under both physiological and pathological conditions. Not surprisingly, various EV subtypes are being exploited as therapeutic agents for cell-free regenerative medicine, drug and gene delivery, and immunotherapy. They have been shown to stimulate tissue regeneration, to effect immune modulation, and they can serve as alternatives to stem cell therapy and as delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. Their proposed mechanism of action involves the specific transfer of effector cargo from the originating cells to recipient cells. As such, there has been much effort to bioengineer EVs to express receptor proteins of interest, therapeutic nucleic acids and proteins, and other bioactive macromolecules. EVs are also being used as stealth carriers to mask therapeutic agents such as viral vectors from the immune system. Nevertheless, efforts toward standardizing methods of isolation and purification and production have yet to achieve the therapeutic potential of EVs for clinical use. The editors of the Molecular Therapy family of journals are pleased to announce a concomitant series of special issues across the journal family focused on the identification, characterization, and standardization of EV technology and the exploitation of the latter as therapeutic agents and biomarkers for the treatment of the gamut of human disease. Molecular Therapy itself will aim to review the current status of the technologies underlying the purification and characterization of EVs along with a broad overview of the current landscape of their development as therapeutics. Guest editors of the special issues will include Thomas Ritter and Kevin Morris (associate editors of Molecular Therapy), Marcin Kortylewski (section editor of Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids), Maha Nasr (associate editor of Molecular Therapy Methods & Clinical Development), and Robert Frederickson (executive editor, Molecular Therapy family of journals). We aim to publish these special issues in the first quarter of 2023 and encourage readers of our journal family to consider submitting to one or more of our journals. The guest editorial team is actively recruiting potential authors for a series of review articles to appear across our titles and that will be tailored to the unique focus of each journal. Potential authors of review articles, original research articles, and, of course, editorials, commentaries, and other opinion pieces are encouraged to contact one of the guest editors above or the main editorial office at [email protected] .
Enhancement of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for osteosarcoma using an intelligent autophagy-controlling metal organic framework
Authors: Yu-Xiang Ge, Tai-Wei Zhang, Lei Zhou, Wang Ding, Hai-Feng Liang, Zhi-Chao Hu, Qin Chen, Jian Dong, Feng-Feng Xue, Xiao-Fan Yin, Li-Bo Jiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Edward I. Miller
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

This authoritative journal provides up-to-date information on nuclear medicine that can be readily applied to clinical situations. Written for both generalists and specialists in nuclear medicine, Clinical Nuclear Medicine ensures timely dissemination of data on current developments that affect all aspects of the specialty. The most practice-oriented journal in the field of nuclear imaging, its numerous illustrations show physicians how to apply vital information immediately in their everyday practice.
Lettsomian Lectures on the Surgical Diseases of Children
Authors: T. Bryant
Journal: BMJ (1863)

HAVING thus far occupied your attention by dwell- ing for some length upon the congenital deficiencies which are to be observed at the upper orifice of the mucous or digestive canal, I propose to pass down- wards to the other or terminal end, and to discuss the subject of imperforate anus or occluded rectum; and to attempt, from general as well as from per- sonal experience, to bring before you some practical points, which may be of service in the treatment of this interesting and difficult class of cases.These malformations of the rectum may be divided into three great sections.1.The simplest form, which includes the cases in which the orifice of the anus is completely closed, the rectum being partially or wholly deficient.
Abstract 17281: Esophageal Re-Warming Profile During Cryoballoon Ablation Why We Should Avoid the Freeze Thaw Refreeze Technique
Authors: Emrie D Tomaiko, Joseph Orme, Adnan Habib, Wilber Su, Paul J Wang, Bisla Jaskanawal, Stephen Su
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Cryoballoon ablation collateral injury such as atrial-esophageal fistula (AEF) has been reported. Dosing regimens such as the Freeze-thaw-refreeze technique are often used; however, the effect on esophageal rewarming profile is not well understood. The goal of this study is to obtain objective evidence supporting the monitoring of esophageal temperature and the avoidance of the freeze-thaw-freeze technique to reduce injury. Methods: Thirty patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation had their esophageal temperatures measured throughout the procedure using the Circa S-CathTM. Patients underwent ablation with the 28mm Arctic Front Advance® cryoballoon with dosing times of &lt; 180 seconds. No consecutive ablations were performed. Temperature profiles using the readings from the 12 serial sensors were analyzed. Nadir temperature points were used for analysis of esophageal temperature recovery characteristic. Temperature difference intra-pole and esophageal rewarming time was recorded and compared. Results: Successful recording of esophageal temperature was seen in all patients. The average rewarming time on the lowest detected temperature to 35 C recorded. Potential false negative esophageal temperature comparing nadir pole to the neighboring temperature pole was significant (difference in over 10 degrees Celsius) in all recordings. Typical free-thaw-refreeze timing of cryoballoon (1 minute post ablation), would therefore initiate freezing when esophageal temperature are still unrecovered in all of the patients with reduced esophageal temperature. Conclusions: Esophageal temperature rewarming characteristic during cryoballoon is not well understood. Further studies are needed to more accurately assess true esophageal temperature, cooling, as well as rewarming characteristics. Consecutive cryoballoon ablation with free-thaw-refreeze technique, prior to complete esophageal rewarming, will likely result in significant esophageal injury.
Incremental Prognostic Value of Semiautomated Left Ventricular Strain to BNP in Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Zi Ye, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, Jose R. Medina-Inojosa, Christopher G. Scott, Joseph Malouf, Allan Jaffe, Marie-Annick Clavel, Hector I. Michelena
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2022)
Canadian Journal of Biochemistry, Ottawa
Journal: JAMA (1966)

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Book Review Biological Symposia: A series of volumes devoted to current symposia in the field of biology. Edited by Jaques Cattell. Vol. V. Comparative biochemistry: intermediate metabolism of fats: carbohydrate metabolism: biochemistry of choline . Edited by Howard B. Lewis, Ph.D. 8°, cloth, 247 pp., with 31 tables, 20 figures and 2 plates. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: The Jaques Cattell Press, 1941. $3.00.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1942)