Safety, immunogenicity, and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines given as fourth-dose boosters following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 and a third dose of BNT162b2 (COV-BOOST): a multicentre, blinded, phase 2, randomised trial
Authors: Alasdair P S Munro, Shuo Feng, Leila Janani, Victoria Cornelius, Parvinder K Aley, Gavin Babbage, David Baxter, Marcin Bula, Katrina Cathie, Krishna Chatterjee, Kate Dodd, Yvanne Enever, Ehsaan Qureshi, Anna L Goodman, Christopher A Green, Linda Harndahl, John Haughney, Alexander Hicks, Agatha A van der Klaauw, Nasir Kanji, Vincenzo Libri, Martin J Llewelyn, Alastair C McGregor, Mina Maallah, Angela M Minassian, Patrick Moore, Mehmood Mughal, Yama F Mujadidi, Kyra Holliday, Orod Osanlou, Rostam Osanlou, Daniel R Owens, Mihaela Pacurar, Adrian Palfreeman, Daniel Pan, Tommy Rampling, Karen Regan, Stephen Saich, Tanveer Bawa, Dinesh Saralaya, Sunil Sharma, Ray Sheridan, Emma C Thomson, Shirley Todd, Chris Twelves, Robert C Read, Sue Charlton, Bassam Hallis, Mary Ramsay, Nick Andrews, Teresa Lambe, Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam, Matthew D Snape, Xinxue Liu, Saul N Faust, Alasdair P S Munro, Shuo Feng, Leila Janani, Victoria Cornelius, Parvinder K Aley, Gavin Babbage, David Baxter, Marcin Bula, Katrina Cathie, Krishna Chatterjee, Kate Dodd, Yvanne Enever, Ehsaan Qureshi, Anna L Goodman, Christopher A Green, Linda Harndahl, John Haughney, Alexander Hicks, Agatha A van der Klaauw, Nasir Kanji, Vincenzo Libri, Martin J Llewelyn, Alastair C McGregor, Angela M Minassian, Patrick Moore, Mehmood Mughal, Yama F Mujadidi, Kyra Holliday, Orod Osanlou, Rostam Osanlou, Daniel R Owens, Mihaela Pacurar, Adrian Palfreeman, Daniel Pan, Tommy Rampling, Karen Regan, Stephen Saich, Tanveer Bawa, Dinesh Saralaya, Sunil Sharma, Ray Sheridan, Mina Maallah, Emma C Thomson, Shirley Todd, Chris Twelves, Robert C Read, Sue Charlton, Bassam Hallis, Mary Ramsay, Nick Andrews, Teresa Lambe, Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam, Matthew D Snape, Xinxue Liu, Saul N Faust, Andrew Riordan, Andrew Ustianowski, Chris Rogers, Kashyap Katechia, Alison Cooper, Andrew Freedman, Rachel Hughes, Lynne Grundy, Lona Tudor Jones, Elizabeth Harrison, Emma Snashall, Lewis Mallon, Katharine Burton, Kim Storton, Malathi Munusamy, Bridget Tandy, Akamino Egbo, Stephen Cox, Nabeela Nazir Ahmed, Anil Shenoy, Rachel Bousfield, Donna Wixted, Helen Gutteridge, Becky Mansfield, Christopher Herbert, Jennifer Murira, James Calderwood, Dominique Barker, Jacqueline Brandon, Hayley Tulloch, Suzie Colquhoun, Helen Thorp, Helen Radford, Julie Evans, Helena Baker, Jeanette Thorpe, Sally Batham, Jessica Hailstone, Rachael Phillips, Dileep Kumar, Fran Westwell, Ann Sturdy, Lara Barcella, Najwa Soussi, Mushiya Mpelembue, Sreena Raj, Rajni Sharma, Tumena Corrah, Laurence John, Ashley Whittington, Siobhan Roche, Lynda Wagstaff, Adam Farrier, Karen Bisnauthsing, Movin Abeywickrama, Niamh Spence, Alice Packham, Teona Serafimova, Suahil Aslam, Caitlin McGreevy, Alessandro Borca, Pamela DeLosSantosDominguez, Emily Palmer, Samantha Broadhead, Sadaf Farooqi, Jo Piper, Rowena Weighell, Lorinda Pickup, Djamila Shamtally, Jason Domingo, Evgenia Kourampa, Colin Hale, Jennifer Gibney, Michael Stackpoole, Zalina Rashid-Gardner, Rebecca Lyon, Chloe McDonnell, Christine Cole, Anna Stewart, Gillian McMillan, Mary Savage, Helen Beckett, Chantelle Moorbey, Amisha Desai, Claire Brown, Kush Naker, Karishma Gokani, Charlotte Trinham, Charlette Sabine, Sophie Moore, Steve Hurdover, Edwin Justice, Megan Stone, Emma Plested, Carla Ferreira Da Silva, Rachel White, Hannah Robinson, Iain Turnbull, Gertraud Morshead, Rachael Drake-Brockman, Catherine Smith, Grace Li, Mwila Kasanyinga, Elizabeth A Clutterbuck, Sagida Bibi, Michael Singh, Trishna Champaneri, Margaret Irwin, Mohammed Khan, Alicia Kownacka, Martha Nabunjo, Carol Osuji, John Hladkiwskyj, Dominic Galvin, Gita Patel, Jacques Grierson, Samantha Males, Krishna Askoolam, Joshua Barry, Johanna Mouland, Beverley Longhurst, Maria Moon, Beth Giddins, Carlota Pereira Dias Alves, Leah Richmond, Christine Minnis, Sonia Baryschpolec, Scott Elliott, Lauren Fox, Victoria Graham, Natalie Baker, Kerry Godwin, Karen Buttigieg, Chanice Knight, Phillip Brown, Paminder Lall, Imam Shaik, Emily Chiplin, Emily Brunt, Stephanie Leung, Lauren Allen, Steve Thomas, Sara Fraser, Bea Choi, Jade Gouriet, Jonathan Perkins, Andrew Gowland, Jonathan Macdonald, John Paul Seenan, Igor Starinskij, Andrew Seaton, Erica Peters, Stephen Singh, Ben Gardside, Avril Bonnaud, Ceri Davies, Elizabeth Gordon, Samantha Keenan, Jane Hall, Suzanne Wilkins, Suzanne Tasker, Rob James, Ingrid Seath, Kelly Littlewood, Joseph Newman, Iryna Boubriak, Debbie Suggitt, Helen Haydock, Sara Bennett, Wiesia Woodyatt, Kerry Hughes, Judith Bell, Tricia Coughlan, Donald van Welsenes, Mohammed Kamal, Chris Cooper, Simon Tunstall, Nicholas Ronan, Rebecca Cutts, Tracey Dare, Yee Ting Nicole Yim, Sarah Whittley, Shama Hamal, Marivic Ricamara, Kirsty Adams, Holly Baker, Kimberley Driver, Nicola Turner, Todd Rawlins, Subarna Roy, Marta Merida-Morillas, Yukari Sakagami, Antonette Andrews, Lillian Goncalvescordeiro, Matthew Stokes, Wythehi Ambihapathy, Joanne Spencer, Nina Parungao, Lisa Berry, James Cullinane, Laura Presland, Amy Ross Russell, Sarah Warren, Jonathan Baker, Abigail Oliver, Amanda Buadi, Kim Lee, Louise Haskell, Rossana Romani, Ian Bentley, Tim Whitbred, Simon Fowler, John Gavin, Alan Magee, Tara Watson, Kari Nightingale, Phedra Marius, Eloise Summerton, Emily Locke, Thomas Honey, Aidan Lingwood, Anastasia de la Haye, Ryan Stephen Elliott, Karen Underwood, Mikayala King, Sharon Davies-Dear, Emily Horsfall, Olivia Chalwin, Holly Burton, Christopher J Edwards, Benjamin Welham, Kim Appleby, Emily Dineen, Sarah Garrahy, Fran Hall, Eleni Ladikou, Dee Mullan, Daniel Hansen, Marion Campbell, Filipa Dos Santos, Nicki Lakeman, Debbie Branney, Luke Vamplew, Alison Hogan, Jorden Frankham, Martin Wiselka, Denny Vail, Victoria Wenn, Valerie Renals, Kate Ellis, Jessica Lewis-Taylor, Haniah Habash-Bailey, Javier Magan, Anna Hardy
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2022)

Some high-income countries have deployed fourth doses of COVID-19 vaccines, but the clinical need, effectiveness, timing, and dose of a fourth dose remain uncertain. We aimed to investigate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of fourth-dose boosters against COVID-19.