tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nano-bio interfaces effect of two-dimensional nanomaterials and their applications in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Zhongmin Tang, Yufen Xiao, Na Kong, Chuang Liu, Wei Chen, Xiangang Huang, Daiyun Xu, Jiang Ouyang, Chan Feng, Cong Wang, Junqing Wang, Han Zhang, Wei Tao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

The field of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy combines research from multiple subdisciplines of material science, nano-chemistry, in particular nano-biological interactions, immunology, and medicinal chemistry. Most importantly, the “biological identity” of nanomaterials governed by bio-molecular corona in terms of bimolecular types, relative abundance, and conformation at the nanomaterial surface is now believed to influence blood circulation time, bio-distribution, immune response, cellular uptake, and intracellular trafficking. A better understanding of nano-bio interactions can improve utilization of 2D nano-architectures for cancer immunotherapy and immunotheranostics, allowing them to be adapted or modified to treat other immune dysregulation syndromes including autoimmune diseases or inflammation, infection, tissue regeneration, and transplantation. The manuscript reviews the biological interactions and immunotherapeutic applications of 2D nanomaterials, including understanding their interactions with biological molecules of the immune system, summarizes and prospects the applications of 2D nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.
10P The clinical actionability of PTEN protein and gene expression analysis in HR- and HER2+ breast cancers
Authors: N. Fusco, E. Sajjadi, K. Venetis, M. Invernizzi, D. Gambini, C. Blundo, L. Runza, S. Ferrero, E. Guerini Rocco
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Abstract 13004: Spelunking for a Cause of Heart Failure: A Fungus Amongst Us
Authors: Nicholas S Hendren, Mark Berlacher, James A De Lemos
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Two months prior to presenting to our facility, a 63-year-old man was diagnosed with acute pericarditis and treated with colchicine. His chest pain resolved, but he was readmitted a few weeks later with tamponade due to a large exudative pericardial effusion requiring percutaneous drainage. He was discharged on colchicine and furosemide; however, he presented to our institution two weeks later with persisting dyspnea and edema. His blood pressure was 114/84 mmHg without a pulsus paradoxus. Jugular venous pressure was 13 cm H 2 O with a prominent Kussmaul’s sign and 3+ bilateral leg edema. Further evaluation with a transthoracic echocardiogram, cardiac MRI and cardiac catheterization were all consistent with effusive-constrictive pericarditis (Fig A-F). 8-months prior to admission a mediastinal lymph node biopsy noted histoplasma. During admission, chronic histoplasmosis was suspected and a serum histoplasma antigen was reactive (1:256). He was initiated on 12 weeks of itraconazole; however, despite anti-inflammatory therapies, he had refractory congestion. Cardiothoracic surgery was consulted and he underwent pericardial stripping (Fig. G). Pericardial fungal cultures were negative and histopathology noted acute and chronic fibrinous pericarditis without fungal organisms (Fig. H-I). He had an uncomplicated recovery with symptom resolution. Histoplasma capsulatum is endemic to the United States and despite &gt;80% of individuals in endemic areas demonstrating exposure, cases of pericarditis, tamponade or pericardial constriction are rare. Pericardial inflammation likely reflects an autoimmune reaction to H. capsulatum rather than direct pericardial infection and may respond to anti-inflammatories. In sum, we describe a rare diagnosis of effusive-constrictive pericarditis secondary to chronic histoplasmosis. Our case highlights the salient findings of pericardial constriction and the continued importance of a detailed clinical history.
Abstract 16962: Maladaptive Atrial Remodeling in Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Anishka P Kappalayil, Rahul Sheth, Xuan Jiang, Daniel Cheeran, Colby Ayers, Faris Araj, Alpesh Amin, James A De Lemos, Mark H Drazner, Vlad G Zaha, Ronald M Peshock, Pradeep P Mammen
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Muscular dystrophies (MD) are genetic disorders that cause progressive peripheral skeletal myopathies. The majority of MD patients will develop atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and/or an associated cardiomyopathy with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. However, it remains unknown the degree of atrial remodeling that may also occur in MD patients. We hypothesize maladaptive atrial remodeling occurs in MD patients. Methods: Utilizing the UT Southwestern Cardiomyopathy Clinic, MD [total: 79 patients (34 females, 45 males)] and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) [total: 81 patients (29 females, 52 males)] patients were identified who underwent a cardiac MRI (cMRI) between 2011 and 2015. A matched, healthy control cohort from the Dallas Heart Study (DHS) [total: 101 patients (40 females, 61 males)] were identified. Most MD patients had Duchenne/Becker MD, Limb-Girdle MD or myotonic MD. Two blinded, independent readers made volumetric measurements from cMRIs to assess right atrial (RA) and left atrial (LA) dimensions with low inter-reader variability. A third independent investigator analyzed the RA and LA data with aggregate data presented in the Table. The statistical significance of the data (p&lt;0.05) was assessed by performing an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) between groups with a Bonferroni’s post-test analysis. Results: Analysis of the cMRI data revealed significant differences in both the structure and function of the RA and the LA between MD and NICM patients. In addition, the data revealed significant differences in the LA but not the RA emptying fraction in MD patients as compared to the DHS patients. Conclusion: Collectively, the data suggests MD patients develop significant maladaptive remodeling of the LA but not the RA, predisposing these patients to atrial arrhythmias. Investigation into differences in atrial remodeling as a function of gender and the type of MD need to be explored.
Clinical efficacy of nitric oxide nasal spray (NONS) for the treatment of mild COVID-19 infection
Authors: Stephen Winchester, Sarah John, Kashif Jabbar, Isaac John
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)

Baek et al.[1]Baek Y.J. Lee Y.J. Yoon J.S. et al.Duration of culturable SARS-CoV-2 within different specimens among mild and severe COVID-19 patients: a longitudinal study.J Infect. 2021; (doi:https://doi.org/)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2021.04.025Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (5) Google Scholar investigated the duration of COVID-19 virus shedding in infected patients and demonstrated that even in patients demonstrating prolonged viral clearance, the virus was no longer viable after 15 days post onset of symptoms. Our study aimed to measure whether nitric oxide nasal spray (NONS) further accelerates this reduction in SARS-CoV-2 RNA load versus a control arm with saline spray. Our study recruited 80 participants who were divided into a NONS treatment arm or a placebo arm to test the efficacy of NONS as a treatment for mild COVID-19 infection.
Microrna-15a-5p Regulates Multiple Components of GPVI-Mediated Platelet and Megakaryocyte Activation Pathway
Authors: Indranil Basak, Seema Bhatlekar, Robert A. Campbell, Ahmed Chahdi, Xianguo Kong, Lin Ma, Matthew T. Rondina, Andrew S. Weyrich, Leonard C. Edelstein, Paul F. Bray
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 16663: Importance of Assessment for Diffuse Ventricular Fibrosis in Atrial Fibrillation Using Cardiac Ct-Derived Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction
Authors: Hisanori Kanazawa, Miwa Ito, Yusei Kawahara, Tadashi Hoshiyama, Kenichi Tsujita
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Previous cardiac MRI studies reported that the baseline diffuse LV fibrosis status should be evaluated before performing catheter ablation (CA) to identify the responders early and triage them with appropriate treatment. However, no study has been conducted to evaluate diffuse LV fibrosis in conjunction with pre-ablation planning cardiac CT. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify diffuse left ventricular (LV) fibrosis by the CT-derived extracellular volume fraction (CT-ECV%) in conjunction with cardiac CT performed for CA planning and evaluate its determinants in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: Prior to AF ablation, 98 patients (50 patients with paroxysmal AF and 48 patients with persistent AF) underwent pre-ablation planning cardiac CT. Additionally, delayed cardiac CT was performed to measure CT-ECV% as an index of diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Results: Persistent AF patients more frequently had a history of heart failure. Left atrial (LA) volume index was greater in persistent AF patients compared with paroxysmal AF patients. CT-ECV% of persistent AF patients was significantly higher than that of paroxysmal AF patients (30 ± 5 % vs. 26 ± 5 %, p &lt; 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that only persistent AF was independent associated with CT-ECV%. Furthermore, CT-ECV% in recurrence group after CA for AF was higher than that in non-recurrence group (29 ± 4 % vs. 26 ± 5 %, p = 0.013). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CT-ECV% was significantly correlated with AF recurrence after CA for AF. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that more than 28 % in the CT-ECV% was a significant predictor of AF recurrence (area under the curve 0.692, log-rank test: p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The quantification of diffuse LV fibrosis by CT-ECV% in conjunction with pre-ablation planning cardiac CT is feasible in AF patients, and persistent AF is independently associated with increasing diffuse LV fibrosis. Furthermore, CT-ECV% was significantly associated with AF recurrence after CA for AF. These findings suggested that it was more important to evaluate cardiac remodeling using CT and intervene early in AF.
Is Preoperative Consultation the Right Time for Advance Care Planning?
Authors: Olivia A. Sacks, Teviah E. Sachs
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Approximately one-third of older US patients have an advance directive,1 meaning that many patients will receive life-sustaining measures in acute situations by default.2 Advance care planning (ACP) improves concordance between patient goals and their subsequent care.
The Great Escape—A Physician Confronts Family Caregiving During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lynn Hallarman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

My mother died as the COVID-19 pandemic raced across the nation with wildfire ferocity.At age 92 years, she was frail and living with advancing dementia.Until the pandemic took hold, upending my mother's life, I was the first-response daughter who lived closest to her 2-bedroom apartment.With New York on the verge of lockdown, we played out our options-uprooting Mom from her native New York vs our fear of her remaining in place and contracting COVID-19.Our family ultimately decided to move Mom near my middle sister in New Hampshire, a state relatively untouched by COVID-19.Our hope was to avoid caregiving chaos during a pandemic and to protect our mother from contracting the virus.My mother did not die of COVID-19.She died of complications of dementia after falling and breaking a bone in her neck 3 months before her death.The fall occurred in a New Hampshire hotel room near the new apartment my sister and I were frantically preparing for her.We had managed to recruit one of my mother's long-time home health aides, Earlene, to make the trip up north.Earlene and I packed my mother into the car and sped away from New York, convincing ourselves that we were escaping a deadly new plague.The hotel itself was a familiar setting, the spot outof-town relatives always stayed for Thanksgiving.We thought that this would be the right place for a temporary landing.However, this time, the place was almost empty, the restaurant closed, and the atmosphere tense.This weird scenario confused my mother.She could not grasp why she was being forced to take all her meals in the hotel room, why we were not going on shopping trips in the small town or visiting my sister's house.Having riled her up with too many no's, she became less cooperative and more confused.It became hard for Earlene to convince her to wear a mask or stay put in a chair while her walker was unfolded.I felt guilty of being a party to what my mother, despite her dementia, described as a kidnapping.I wondered if this sudden uprooting was a mistake.I am the youngest of 3 and a palliative care physician.For my family, this meant I was the natural pick to be Mom's health care champion.Like many health care clinicians, I welcomed the opportunity to use my professional know-how to help my mother navigate her advancing dementia and frailty.However, the decision to lead the family health alliance brought with it complications.I was ambivalent about being at the epicenter of medical decision-making.My daughter-physician superpower was that my mother always listened to me.A call to me was leveraged as a threat when my mother's behavioral complications-a symptom of her worsening dementia-drove her caregivers to the brink.However,
ヒト胸腺形成の単一細胞RNA-SeqマッピングはT細胞発生における系統仕様軌跡とコミットメントスペクトルを明らかにする【JST・京大機械翻訳】
Authors: Le Justin, Park Jeong Eun, Ha Vi Luan, Luong Annie, Branciamore Sergio, S Rodin Andrei, Gogoshin Grigoriy, Li Fan, Loh Yong-Hwee Eddie, Camacho Virginia, B Patel Sweta, S Welner Robert, Parekh Chintan
Journal: Immunity (2020)
GP who altered patient’s notes to deflect complaint is struck off
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

A GP who altered consultation notes then used the revised version to deflect a patient’s complaint that she had failed to investigate possible lung cancer symptoms has been struck off the UK medical register.

Adilya Abdul Rahim was consulted twice in January 2018 by a female patient who complained of a three months long chronic cough and shortness of breath. But the doctor failed to arrange further investigation of these symptoms, although NICE guidelines and the local guidelines for the Medway in Kent, where she worked, make urgent radiography mandatory in such cases.

Seven months later in August 2018, after Rahim learnt that the patient had been given a diagnosis of lung cancer, …
Abstract 13057: High Visceral-to-Subcutaneous Fat Ratio is Correlated With Increased Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Low Body Mass Index With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Tadashi Itagaki, Kyuhachi Otagiri, Keisuke Machida, Takahiro Takeuchi, Hiroshi Kitabayashi
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Although abdominal fat distribution given by the ratio of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area (V/S ratio) is possibly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), few studies have examined the effect of the V/S ratio and physique stratified by body mass index (BMI) on long-term clinical outcomes. Methods: We assessed 945 consecutive patients (mean age, 69 years; 42.5% females) with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent computed tomography (CT) angiography. The patients also underwent plain abdominal CT to measure VAT and SAT areas. The V/S ratio was calculated to assess abdominal fat distribution. The patients were classified into four groups based on the median V/S ratio and median BMI (0.627 and 23.61 kg/m 2 , respectively). We examined the association between the V/S ratio and long-term outcomes in each BMI group. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs, including all-cause death, acute coronary syndrome, emergent hospitalization due to CVD, and any coronary revascularization). Results: Over a median follow-up of 792 days, although the incidence of any cardiovascular event was not associated with the V/S ratio among patients with high BMI, a higher incidence of MACE, all-cause death, and any coronary revascularization was noted among patients with low BMI in the high V/S ratio group than in the low V/S ratio group. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, a statistically significantly lower MACE-free survival rate was noted among patients with low BMI in the high V/S ratio group than in the low V/S ratio group, despite no differences among high BMI patients in both the V/S ratio groups (Figure). Conclusion: Only in patients with low BMI, a high V/S ratio was associated with increased risks of MACE. A high V/S ratio may be an important risk factor for CVD, especially in patients with low BMI. In contrast, abdominal fat distribution did not affect CVD prognosis in patients with high BMI.
GSDMD-Mediated Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis Promotes Myocardial I/R Injury
Authors: Huairui Shi, Yang Gao, Zhen Dong, Ji’e Yang, Rifeng Gao, Xiao Li, Shuqi Zhang, Leilei Ma, Xiaolei Sun, Zeng Wang, Feng Zhang, Kai Hu, Aijun Sun, Junbo Ge
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

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Abstract 242: Incidence, Predictors, Causes, and Costs for 30-day Readmission After In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Discharge in United States
Authors: Yusuke Morita, Tetsuya Haruna, Yoshisumi Haruna, Eisaku Nakane, Yuhei Yamaji, Hideyuki Hayashi, Michiya Hanyu, Moriaki Inoko
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Readmissions after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ICPR) are common and contribute to increased health care utilization and costs. This is the first study to estimate the burden and patterns of 30-day readmission after ICPR from Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD). Methods and Results: Patients undergoing ICPR (International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification codes 99.60 and 99.63) between January and November 2014 from NRD were included. Incidence, predictors, causes, and costs of 30-day readmission were analyzed using discharge weights to obtain national estimates. Among estimated 27278 index admissions survived to hospital discharges after ICPR, 5439 (20.0%) were readmitted within 30 days. Length of stay (LOS) ≧15 days during index hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.42), Medicare or Medicaid insurance (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19-1.51), heart failure (HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.32), and discharge of metropolitan teaching hospital (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.33) were independent predictors of 30-day readmission. Among 5439 readmissions, Sepsis (13.7%), heart failure (10.8%), respiratory failure (6.4%), and cardiac dysrhythmias (5.2%) were the most common causes. Estimated total costs of readmission were $102 million and mean of $19122 ±30201, which is accounted for 25.7% of total episode of care (index+readmission). The mean LOS was 8.0 ±10.5 days. The patients with readmission revealed high mortality rate of 10.1%. Conclusions: Thirty-day readmissions after ICPR are frequent and are related to baseline comorbidities and hospital characteristics. Awareness of these predictors can help identify and target high-risk patients for interventions, to reduce readmissions and costs.
Comparative Analysis of Capabilities of Different Types of Cone-Beam Tomography in an Experimental Study of Root Canals of Teeth Filled with High-Density Materials (part 2)
Authors: A. Yu. Vasil'ev, V. V. Petrovskaya, E. A. Nichipor, V. G. Alpatova, N. N. Potrakhov, V. B. Bessonov, N. E. Staroverov, L. P. Kiselnikova, M. A. Shevchenko, N. N. Belozerova, M. M. Belozerov
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2021)

During the course of this experimental study tomograms of extracted teeth were analyzed before and after filling the root canals with an endodontic material and fragments of broken metal instruments for root canal treatment. During the first stage of the experiment, untreated extracted teeth were scanned using conebeam computed tomography and microfocus cone-beam computed tomography. A comparative assessment of capabilities of the two methods of cone-beam computed tomography based on examination of untreated root canals was carried out. The second part of the study is dedicated to visualization of root canals that contain foreign high-density materials.
Abstract 16254: Lipidomic Profiling Can Predict the Amount of Non-Calcified Coronary Plaque in Asymptomatic Patients at Intermediate Risk of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Andris H Ellims, Gerard Wong, Jacqui M Weir, Philip Lew, Peter J Meikle, Andrew J Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Purpose: Non-calcified coronary artery plaques (NCP) are lipid-rich and more prone to rupture, resulting in acute coronary syndromes. Predicting which patients have NCP may enhance cardiovascular r...
Abstract 313: Deep Learning to Assess Cardiovascular Age From Chest Radiographs
Authors: Vineet Raghu, jakob weiss, Udo Hoffmann, Hugo Aerts, Michael T Lu
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Chronological age is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but measures of vascular age may enable more personalized care. We hypothesize that a convolutional neural network (CNN) can assess vascular age from a chest radiograph image. Methods: The CNN model, CXR-Age, was developed using data from over 100,000 indviduals from publicly available cohorts and was validated in 1) a subset of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer screening trial’s chest x-ray arm (PLCO, N = 40,967) and 2) the chest radiograph arm of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST, N = 5,414). The primary outcome was 13-year cardiovascular mortality defined by ICD9 codes for ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Results are provided for independent testing datasets only. Results: After adjusting for sex, a 5-year increase in CXR-Age was a better predictor of cardiovascular mortality than a 5-year increase in chronological age in PLCO (CXR-Age aHR 2.69 per 5 years [95% CI 2.55-2.84] vs. chronological age aHR 1.84 per 5 years [95% CI 1.75-1.93], p &lt; 0.001) and NLST (CXR-Age aHR 2.06 per 5-years [95% CI, 1.78-2.39] vs. chronological age aHR 1.64 per 5 years [95% CI, 1.44-1.86], p = 0.06). This association with cardiovascular mortality was robust to adjustment for baseline cardiovascular risk factors (chronological age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, smoking) in PLCO (CXR-Age aHR 1.58 per 5 years [95% CI, 1.54-1.63], p &lt; 0.001) and NLST (CXR-Age aHR 1.48 per 5 years [95% CI, 1.36-1.61], p &lt; 0.001). Kaplan-Meier curves (Figure 1) stratified by chronological age groups show CXR-Age has a graded association with cardiovascular mortality in individuals with similar baseline chronological age. Conclusions: A CNN model, CXR-Age, can assess vascular age from a chest radiograph image, and this CXR-Age predicts cardiovascular mortality better than chronological age.
Abstract 14913: Ultra High-Density Mapping of Peri-Mitral Atrial Flutter Reveals Epicardial Bridging of Endocardial Conduction Block
Authors: Steven Bailin, Hardik Doshi, James Arter, Thein Aung
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: We describe a case of perimitral atrial flutter following pulmonary vein isolation and endocardial linear mitral isthmus (MI) ablation. Ultra high resolution activation and voltage gr...