tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risks and Opportunities to Ensure Equity in the Application of Big Data Research in Public Health
Authors: Paul Wesson, Yulin Hswen, Gilmer Valdes, Kristefer Stojanovski, Margaret A. Handley
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2021)

The big data revolution presents an exciting frontier to expand public health research, broadening the scope of research and increasing the precision of answers. Despite these advances, scientists must be vigilant against also advancing potential harms toward marginalized communities. In this review, we provide examples in which big data applications have (unintentionally) perpetuated discriminatory practices, while also highlighting opportunities for big data applications to advance equity in public health. Here, big data is framed in the context of the five Vs (volume, velocity, veracity, variety, and value), and we propose a sixth V, virtuosity, which incorporates equity and justice frameworks. Analytic approaches to improving equity are presented using social computational big data, fairness in machine learning algorithms, medical claims data, and data augmentation as illustrations. Throughout, we emphasize the biasing influence of data absenteeism and positionality and conclude with recommendations for incorporating an equity lens into big data research.
Mutational Consequences of Chemotherapy in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells of Pediatric Cancer Patients
Authors: Eline J.M. Bertrums, Axel Rosendahl-Huber, Jurrian de Kanter, Anais C.N. van Leeuwen, Flavia Peci, C. Michel Zwaan, Bianca F. Goemans, Ruben Van Boxtel
Journal: Blood (2021)
8. Obesity and Weight Management for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes:<i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022</i>
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
Biomaterial-mediated presentation of wnt5a mimetic ligands enhances chondrogenesis and metabolism of stem cells by activating non-canonical Wnt signaling
Authors: Yingrui Deng, Xiaoting Zhang, Rui Li, Zhuo Li, Boguang Yang, Peng Shi, Honglu Zhang, Chunming Wang, Chunyi Wen, Gang Li, Liming Bian
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)
Transcriptomic Determinants of Response to Pembrolizumab Monotherapy across Solid Tumor Types
Authors: Razvan Cristescu, Michael Nebozhyn, Chunsheng Zhang, Andrew Albright, Julie Kobie, Lingkang Huang, Qing Zhao, Anran Wang, Hua Ma, Z. Alexander Cao, Michael Morrissey, Antoni Ribas, Petros Grivas, David W. Cescon, Terrill K. McClanahan, Alexandra Snyder, Mark Ayers, Jared Lunceford, Andrey Loboda
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: To explore relationships between biological gene expression signatures and pembrolizumab response. Experimental Design: RNA-sequencing data on baseline tumor tissue from 1,188 patients across seven tumor types treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy in nine clinical trials were used. A total of 11 prespecified gene expression signatures [18-gene T-cell–inflamed gene expression profile (TcellinfGEP), angiogenesis, hypoxia, glycolysis, proliferation, MYC, RAS, granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (gMDSC), monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (mMDSC), stroma/epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/TGFβ, and WNT] were evaluated for their relationship to objective response rate (per RECIST, version 1.1). Logistic regression analysis of response for consensus signatures was adjusted for tumor type, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and TcellinfGEP, an approach equivalent to evaluating the association between response and the residuals of consensus signatures after detrending them for their relationship with the TcellinfGEP (previously identified as a determinant of pembrolizumab response) and tumor type. Testing of the 10 prespecified non-TcellinfGEP consensus signatures for negative association [except proliferation (hypothesized positive association)] with response was adjusted for multiplicity. Results: Covariance patterns of the 11 signatures (including TcellinfGEP) identified in Merck–Moffitt and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets showed highly concordant coexpression patterns in the RNA-sequencing data from pembrolizumab trials. TcellinfGEP was positively associated with response; signatures for angiogenesis, mMDSC, and stroma/EMT/TGFβ were negatively associated with response to pembrolizumab monotherapy. Conclusions: These findings suggest that features beyond IFNγ-related T-cell inflammation may be relevant to anti–programmed death 1 monotherapy response and may define other axes of tumor biology as candidates for pembrolizumab combinations. See related commentary by Cho et al., p. 1479
成人基底细胞癌管理指南
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

基底细胞癌 (BCC) 是最常见的皮肤癌类型。该病通常由日光和/或美黑床的长期紫外线照射引起的。该病尤常见于暴露于阳光下的皮肤区域, 尤其是有轻度色素沉着皮肤类型的人。它也可能是罕见遗传性疾病 (如 Gorlins 综合征) 的一部分。它通常不会向体内扩散到身体的其他部位, 但如果不及时治疗, 会缓慢生长, 并可能导致明显的毁容性损伤。
Considering the Future of Price Transparency Initiatives—Information Alone Is Not Sufficient
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Amaya Diana
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

PhD, once compared the United States health care system to putting a blindfolded crowd of people in a store, instructing them to buy a shirt, and then billing them 6 months later for whatever they grabbed. 1 The apt metaphor describes the peculiar information asymmetry in the health care market, in which consumers make purchases unaware of the quality or cost of services.In 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) began to require hospitals to share payer-specific negotiated prices for selected shoppable health services to improve price discovery and increase price transparency for patients before receiving care.Beginning January 2023, private health plans must offer consumers an online tool to explore negotiated rates and out-of-pocket costs for the 500 most shoppable procedures. 2 But as Horný and coauthors 3 point out, the inherent fragmentation of health care delivery and billing and design shortfalls in the CMS regulation suggest patients would receive incomplete information regarding the cost of shoppable health services.But even if patients had a more complete cost picture, that would not lead to greater use of lower-cost, higher-quality services.To achieve transformation to higher value, the goal of price transparency, would require changes to incentives and infrastructure.
Increased Risk of Thrombosis in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Compared with the General Population Hospitalized with COVID-19
Authors: Orly Leiva, Umberto Campia, Julia Snyder, Briana Barns, Samantha Rizzo, Candrika Khairani, Hanny Al-Samkari, Rebecca Karp Leaf, Rachel P. Rosovsky, Katayoon Goodarzi, Amir T. Fathi, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Gregory Piazza, Gabriela Hobbs
Journal: Blood (2021)
Abstract 11652: Long-Term Outcomes in Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients With Severe Functional Disability at Hospital Discharge
Authors: Amy Xiao, Patrick J Coppler, Clifton W CALLAWAY
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: In patients resuscitated from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with severe functional disability, life support is often limited. However, long-term outcomes in such patients are largely unknown, leaving little data to guide this decision. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of OHCA survivors ≥ 18 years of age, treated at a single center in Western Pennsylvania from 01/01/2010-05/20/2021, with a modified Rankin scale (mRS) of 5 and cerebral performance category (CPC) of 4 at hospital discharge. We recorded demographics, arrest characteristics, and neurological exam at hospital discharge. We reviewed records from index hospitalization to the present to determine the date and type of subsequent healthcare encounters and whether or not subjects followed commands in subsequent neurological exams. National Death Index query and internet search for obituary until 5/20/2021. Survival time and hazard ratios were estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Among 2,460 OHCA patients treated, 857 (35%) survived to hospital discharge. Of survivors, 83 (9.6%) had mRS 5 and CPC 4, and 69 (85%) did not follow commands. One year mortality was 59% (n=48) with median survival time of 166 days (IQR 77-1083). Age ≥ 65 years was not associated with survival [HR 1.51, 95%CI 0.79 - 2.89]. We found 361 subsequent medical encounters (median per patient =1, IQR 0-4), most often ED visits (n=131, 41%). Visits comprised 87 (28%) well patient visit/medication refills, 60 (22%) infections, and 38 (12%) tracheostomy/feeding tube issues. Average frequency of healthcare encounters was about once every 3 months (.30 encounters per month, SD .799). Of subjects who did not follow commands at hospital discharge, 4 (6%) followed commands on subsequent encounters. Conclusions: About 10% of OHCA survivors were discharged from the hospital with severe functional disability. They had a 59% 1-year mortality and frequent visits to the ED. Few (6%) patients regained the ability to follow commands.
Pyostomatitis Vegetans
Authors: Massimo Petruzzi, Fedora Della Vella
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

A 50-year-old woman with Crohn’s disease presented with painful, shallow erosions in “snail track” formations on her dorsal tongue and inner cheek and with peripheral-blood eosinophilia. A biopsy revealed findings consistent with pyostomatitis vegetans.
Postvaccination infections among staff of a tertiary care hospital after vaccination with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vector and mRNA-based vaccines
Authors: Sophie Brunner-Ziegler, Tibor Spath, Gabriela Kornek, Franz König, Bernhard Parschalk, Maximilian Schnetzinger, Robert Paul Straßl, Rebeka Savic, Andrea Foit, Helene Resch, Florian Thalhammer
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2021)

The identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen or RNA in respiratory specimens ≥14 days after administration of all recommended doses of authorized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is defined as breakthrough infection. In the present investigation, mRNA and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were analysed with respect to postvaccination infections in vaccinated hospital employees.A total of 8553 staff members were vaccinated with BNT162b2 (47%) or ChAdOx1-S (53%) between January and May 2021. In a retrospective observational cohort study, incidence of SARS-CoV-2 postvaccination infections was analysed in relation to demographic data, viral load, virus variants, vaccine brand and vaccination status at time of positive PCR test (fully vaccinated: ≥14 days since second dose; partially vaccinated: >21 days since first, but <14 days after second dose; insufficiently vaccinated: <22 days since first dose).Within the follow-up period, ending on 31 July 2021, person-time at risk-adjusted monthly rates for SARS-CoV-2 postvaccination infections were 0.18% (BNT162b2) and 0.57% (ChAdOx1-S) for insufficiently vaccinated, 0.34% (BNT162b2) and 0.32% (ChAdOx1-S) for partially vaccinated and 0.06% (BNT162b2) and 0.04% (ChAdOx1-S) for fully vaccinated participants. The two vaccine types did not differ with respect to hazard ratios for any of the respective postvaccination infection types. No cases of COVID-19-related hospitalizations or deaths were reported. Genotyping of positive PCR specimens revealed 42 variants of concern: B.1.1.7 (Alpha variant; n = 34); B.1.351 (Beta variant; n = 2), B.1.617.2 (Delta variant; n = 6).BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S are both effective in preventing breakthrough infections; however, it seems important, that all recommended vaccine doses are administered.
Error in Introduction
Authors: Madeline Renny, Scott Hadland, Magdalena Cerdá
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

The NICUSeq Study Group; Ian D. Krantz, MD; Livija Medne, MS; Jamila M. Weatherly, MS; K. Taylor Wild, MD; Sawona Biswas, MS; Batsal Devkota, PhD; Tiffiney Hartman, MS, PhD; Luca Brunelli, MD, PhD; Kristen P. Fishler, MS; Omar Abdul-Rahman, MD; Joshua C. Euteneuer, MD; Denise Hoover, BS; David Dimmock, MD; John Cleary, MD; Lauge Farnaes, MD, PhD; Jason Knight, MD; Adam J. Schwarz, MD; Ofelia M. Vargas-Shiraishi, BS; Kristin Wigby, MD; Neda Zadeh, MD; Marwan Shinawi, MD; Jennifer A. Wambach, MD; Dustin Baldridge, MD, PhD; F. Sessions Cole, MD; Daniel J. Wegner, MS; Nora Urraca, MD, PhD; Shannon Holtrop, MS; Roya Mostafavi, MS; Henry J. Mroczkowski, MD, PhD; Eniko K. Pivnick, MD; Jewell C. Ward, MD, PhD; Ajay Talati, MD; Chester W. Brown, MD, PhD; John W. Belmont, MD, PhD; Julia L. Ortega, PA, MHS; Keisha D. Robinson, MBA, MPM; W. Tyler Brocklehurst, MA; Denise L. Perry, MS; Subramanian S. Ajay, PhD; R. Tanner Hagelstrom, MBA, PhD; Maren Bennett, MFS; Vani Rajan, MS; Ryan J. Taft, PhD
Efficacy and Safety of PD-1 Inhibitor Plus Rituximab in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Yan Qin, Xiaohui He, Sheng Yang, Peng Liu, Shengyu Zhou, Jianliang Yang, Lin Gui, Qiaofeng Zhong, Fengyi Zhao, Yuankai Shi, Hongmei Jing, Shiyue Zhang, Ruihan Guo, Yuankai Shi
Journal: Blood (2021)
Abstract 13298: Density, Coverage and Usage of Automated External Defibrillators in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Across Europe
Authors: Julie Kjoelbye, Linn Andelius, Enrico Baldi, Angelo Auricchio, Marieke Blom, Martin Jonsson, Anne Juul Jørgensen, Carolina Malta Hansen, Fredrik Folke
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Though deployment of Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) is increasing rapidly, AEDs are often deployed in an un-strategic manner. Consequently, little is known about the association between AED density, AED coverage of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and bystander defibrillation across different countries. This study aimed to investigate the differences in AED densities (AEDS/100,000 inhabitants/1,000 km2), the AED coverage of OHCAs, and bystander defibrillation across Europe. Hypothesis: AED density is directly associated with degree of bystander defibrillation across Europe. Methods: The study is a European Sudden Cardiac Arrest network towards Prevention, Education, New Effective Treatment (ESCAPE-NET) project. We included data from Ticino (Switzerland), Lombardy (Italy), and The Capital Region (Denmark) from 2019, covering over 3.7 million inhabitants. AED accessibility was defined as the AED being accessible 24/7 or not and AED coverage was defined as the OHCA being covered by an AED within 100, 250 and 500 meters. AED coverages were calculated the same way by all participants using a free software program (QGIS). Results: AED densities were: 87.3 for Ticino, 15.2 for Lombardy, and 139.4 for The Capital Region. The percentages of OHCAs covered by any AED and by 24/7 accessible AEDs are shown in Figure 1. The calculated AED density per 1% bystander defibrillation (for the percentage of OHCAs bystander defibrillated within 100, 250 and 500m of an AED) were 34.9, 17.5 and 15.6 for Ticino, 76.0, 50.7 and 38.0 for Lombardy and 19.4, 12.6 and 11.2 for The Capital Region. Conclusion: We found great variation in both AED coverage and 24/7 AED accessibility across regions, as well as marked differences in bystander defibrillation according to local AED density. Other factors like geographical differences in the regions, optimal AED placement and citizen responder programs for AED use might explain the observed differences.
Erratum: “The Complex Epidemiologic Relationship between Flooding Events and Human Outbreaks of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: A Scoping Review”
Authors: Jenna E. Coalson, Elizabeth J. Anderson, Ellen M. Santos, Valerie Madera Garcia, James K. Romine, Joy K. Luzingu, Brian Dominguez, Danielle M. Richard, Ashley C. Little, Mary H. Hayden, Kacey C. Ernst
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)
Respiratory symptoms and lung function in patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis in Malawi: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Rebecca Nightingale, Beatrice Chinoko, Maia Lesosky, Sarah J Rylance, Bright Mnesa, Ndaziona Peter Kwanjo Banda, Elizabeth Joekes, Stephen Bertel Squire, Kevin Mortimer, Jamilah Meghji, Jamie Rylance
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Rationale Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) can cause post-TB lung disease (PTLD) associated with respiratory symptoms, spirometric and radiological abnormalities. Understanding of the predictors and natural history of PTLD is limited. Objectives To describe the symptoms and lung function of Malawian adults up to 3 years following PTB-treatment completion, and to determine the evolution of PTLD over this period. Methods Adults successfully completing PTB treatment in Blantyre, Malawi were followed up for 3 years and assessed using questionnaires, post-bronchodilator spirometry, 6 min walk tests, chest X-ray and high-resolution CT. Predictors of lung function at 3 years were identified by mixed effects regression modelling. Measurement and main results We recruited 405 participants of whom 301 completed 3 years follow-up (mean (SD) age 35 years (10.2); 66.6% males; 60.4% HIV-positive). At 3 years, 59/301 (19.6%) reported respiratory symptoms and 76/272 (27.9%) had abnormal spirometry. The proportions with low FVC fell from 57/285 (20.0%) at TB treatment completion to 33/272 (12.1%), while obstruction increased from and 41/285 (14.4%) to 43/272 (15.8%) at 3 years. Absolute FEV 1 and FVC increased by mean 0.03 L and 0.1 L over this period, but FEV 1 decline of more than 0.1 L was seen in 73/246 (29.7%). Higher spirometry values at 3 years were associated with higher body mass index and HIV coinfection at TB-treatment completion. Conclusion Spirometric measures improved over the 3 years following treatment, mostly in the first year. However, a third of PTB survivors experienced ongoing respiratory symptoms and abnormal spirometry (with accelerated FEV 1 decline). Effective interventions are needed to improve the care of this group of patients.
Near‐Infrared Light Triggered H<sub>2</sub> Generation for Enhanced Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor
Authors: Haoying Ge, Jianjun Du, Saran Long, Xiang Xia, Jiazhu Zheng, Ning Xu, Qichao Yao, Jiangli Fan, Xiaojun Peng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

The principle of photochemical transformation has shown significant inspiration on phototherapy of solid tumors. However, both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) can induce stress response of tumor cells, which draw the attention in recent. Herein, an asymmetric and lollipop like nanostructure consisting of gold nanorod/titanium dioxide (l-TiO2 -GNR) is developed by controlling single head growth of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) on gold nanorods (GNR). Through the reasonable utilization of hot electrons of GNR by 808 nm light irradiation, l-TiO2 -GNR perform type I-PDT, mild PTT (48 °C), and H2 therapy which is efficient for hypoxic tumors. In particular, H2 can downregulate both triphosadenine and heat shock protein which are found to be main source of tumor stress response. l-TiO2 -GNR opens a new window for treatment of hypoxic tumor by the perfect synergy of type I-PDT, mild PTT, and H2 therapy.
Three-dimensional imaging mass cytometry for highly multiplexed molecular and cellular mapping of tissues and the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Laura Kuett, Raúl Catena, Alaz Özcan, Alex Plüss, H. R. Ali, M. Al Sa’d, S. Alon, S. Aparicio, G. Battistoni, S. Balasubramanian, R. Becker, B. Bodenmiller, E. S. Boyden, D. Bressan, A. Bruna, Marcel Burger, C. Caldas, M. Callari, I. G. Cannell, H. Casbolt, N. Chornay, Y. Cui, A. Dariush, K. Dinh, A. Emenari, Y. Eyal-Lubling, J. Fan, A. Fatemi, E. Fisher, E. A. González-Solares, C. González-Fernández, D. Goodwin, W. Greenwood, F. Grimaldi, G. J. Hannon, S. Harris, C. Jauset, J. A. Joyce, E. D. Karagiannis, T. Kovačević, L. Kuett, R. Kunes, A. Küpcü Yoldaş, D. Lai, E. Laks, H. Lee, M. Lee, G. Lerda, Y. Li, A. McPherson, N. Millar, C. M. Mulvey, I. Nugent, C. H. O’Flanagan, M. Paez-Ribes, I. Pearsall, F. Qosaj, A. J. Roth, O. M. Rueda, T. Ruiz, K. Sawicka, L. A. Sepúlveda, S. P. Shah, A. Shea, A. Sinha, A. Smith, S. Tavaré, S. Tietscher, I. Vázquez-García, S. L. Vogl, N. A. Walton, A. T. Wassie, S. S. Watson, J. Weselak, S. A. Wild, E. Williams, J. Windhager, C. Xia, P. Zheng, X. Zhuang, Peter Schraml, Holger Moch, Natalie de Souza, Bernd Bodenmiller
Journal: Nature Cancer (2021)

Abstract A holistic understanding of tissue and organ structure and function requires the detection of molecular constituents in their original three-dimensional (3D) context. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) enables simultaneous detection of up to 40 antigens and transcripts using metal-tagged antibodies but has so far been restricted to two-dimensional imaging. Here we report the development of 3D IMC for multiplexed 3D tissue analysis at single-cell resolution and demonstrate the utility of the technology by analysis of human breast cancer samples. The resulting 3D models reveal cellular and microenvironmental heterogeneity and cell-level tissue organization not detectable in two dimensions. 3D IMC will prove powerful in the study of phenomena occurring in 3D space such as tumor cell invasion and is expected to provide invaluable insights into cellular microenvironments and tissue architecture.
Regulation of aged skeletal muscle regeneration by circulating extracellular vesicles
Authors: Amrita Sahu, Zachary J. Clemens, Sunita N. Shinde, Sruthi Sivakumar, Abish Pius, Ankit Bhatia, Silvia Picciolini, Cristiano Carlomagno, Alice Gualerzi, Marzia Bedoni, Bennett Van Houten, Mita Lovalekar, Nicholas F. Fitz, Iliya Lefterov, Aaron Barchowsky, Radosveta Koldamova, Fabrisia Ambrosio
Journal: Nature Aging (2021)
Analysis of Eukaryotic lincRNA Sequences Indicates Signatures of Hindered Translation Linked to Selection Pressure
Authors: Anneke Brümmer, René Dreos, Ana Claudia Marques, Sven Bergmann
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) represent a large fraction of transcribed loci in eukaryotic genomes. Although classified as noncoding, most lincRNAs contain open reading frames (ORFs), and it remains unclear why cytoplasmic lincRNAs are not or very inefficiently translated. Here, we analyzed signatures of hindered translation in lincRNA sequences from five eukaryotes, covering a range of natural selection pressures. In fission yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans, that is, species under strong selection, we detected significantly shorter ORFs, a suboptimal sequence context around start codons for translation initiation, and trinucleotides ("codons") corresponding to less abundant tRNAs than for neutrally evolving control sequences, likely impeding translation elongation. For human, we detected signatures for cell-type-specific hindrance of lincRNA translation, in particular codons in abundant cytoplasmic lincRNAs corresponding to lower expressed tRNAs than control codons, in three out of five human cell lines. We verified that varying tRNA expression levels between cell lines are reflected in the amount of ribosomes bound to cytoplasmic lincRNAs in each cell line. We further propose that codons at ORF starts are particularly important for reducing ribosome-binding to cytoplasmic lincRNA ORFs. Altogether, our analyses indicate that in species under stronger selection lincRNAs evolved sequence features generally hindering translation and support cell-type-specific hindrance of translation efficiency in human lincRNAs. The sequence signatures we have identified may improve predicting peptide-coding and genuine noncoding lincRNAs in a cell type.