tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uveitis for the non-ophthalmologist
Authors: Bryn M Burkholder, Douglas A Jabs
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Abstract The uveitides are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by inflammation inside the eye. The uveitides are classified as infectious or non-infectious. The non-infectious uveitides, which are presumed to be immune mediated, can be further divided into those that are associated with a known systemic disease and those that are eye limited,—ie, not associated with a systemic disease. The ophthalmologist identifies the specific uveitic entity by medical history, clinical examination, and ocular imaging, as well as supplemental laboratory testing, if indicated. Treatment of the infectious uveitides is tailored to the particular infectious organism and may include regional and/or systemic medication. First line treatment for non-infectious uveitides is corticosteroids that can be administered topically, as regional injections or surgical implants, or systemically. Systemic immunosuppressive therapy is used in patients with severe disease who cannot tolerate corticosteroids, require chronic corticosteroids at &gt;7.5 mg/day prednisone, or in whom the disease is known to respond better to immunosuppression. Management of many of these diseases is optimized by coordination between the ophthalmologist and rheumatologist or internist.
What Gets Measured Gets (Micro)managed
Authors: Sumant R. Ranji
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association Between Statin Use at the Time of Intra-abdominal Surgery and Postoperative Adhesion-Related Complications and Small-Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Frank I. Scott, Ravy K. Vajravelu, Ronac Mamtani, Nicholas Bianchina, Najjia Mahmoud, Jason K. Hou, Qufei Wu, Xingmei Wang, Kevin Haynes, James D. Lewis
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Adhesion-related complications (ARCs), including small-bowel obstruction, are common complications of intra-abdominal surgery. Statins, which have antifibrotic pleiotropic effects, inhibit adhesion formation in murine models but have not been assessed in humans. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess whether statin use at the time of intra-abdominal surgery is associated with a reduction in ARCs. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> These 2 separate retrospective cohort studies (The Health Improvement Network [THIN] and Optum's Clinformatics Data Mart [Optum]) compared adults receiving statins with those not receiving statins at the time of intra-abdominal surgery. Individuals undergoing intra-abdominal surgery from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2013, in the United Kingdom and from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2016, in the US were included in the study. Those with obstructive events before surgery or a history of inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Data analysis was performed from September 1, 2012, to November 24, 2020. <h3>Exposure</h3> The primary exposure was statin use at the time of surgery. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was ARCs, defined as small-bowel obstruction or need for adhesiolysis, occurring after surgery. Sensitivity analyses included statin use preceding but not concurrent with surgery, fibrate use, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and conditions associated with microvascular disease, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and tobacco use; surgical approach and site; and diagnosis of a malignant tumor. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 148 601 individuals met the inclusion criteria for THIN (mean [SD] age, 49.6 [17.7] years; 70.1% female) and 1 188 217 for Optum (mean [SD] age, 48.2 [16.4] years; 72.6% female). A total of 2060 participants (1.4%) experienced an ARC in THIN and 54 136 (4.6%) in Optum. Statin use at the time of surgery was associated with decreased risk of ARCs (THIN: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.92; Optum: adjusted HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90-0.95). Similar associations were appreciated between statins and small-bowel obstruction (THIN: adjusted HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.70-0.92; Optum: adjusted HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.91). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study's findings suggest that, among individuals in 2 separate cohorts undergoing intra-abdominal surgery, statin use may be associated with a reduced risk of postoperative ARCs. Statins may represent an inexpensive, well-tolerated pharmacologic option for preventing ARCs.
Self-adhesive lubricated coating for enhanced bacterial resistance
Authors: Ying Han, Weiwei Zhao, Yiwei Zheng, Haimang Wang, Yulong Sun, Yifei Zhang, Jing Luo, Hongyu Zhang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Limited surface lubrication and bacterial biofilm formation pose great challenges to biomedical implants. Although hydrophilic lubricated coatings and bacterial resistance coatings have been reported, the harsh and tedious synthesis greatly compromises their application, and more importantly, the bacterial resistance property has seldom been investigated in combination with the lubrication property. In this study, bioinspired by the performances of mussel and articular cartilage, we successfully synthesized self-adhesive lubricated coating and simultaneously achieved optimal lubrication and bacterial resistance properties. Additionally, we reported the mechanism of bacterial resistance on the nanoscale by studying the adhesion interactions between biomimetic coating and hydrophilic/hydrophobic tip or living bacteria via atomic force microscopy. In summary, the self-adhesive lubricated coating can effectively enhance lubrication and bacterial resistance performances based on hydration lubrication and hydration repulsion, and represent a universal and facial strategy for surface functionalization of biomedical implants.
A combination of cyclophosphamide and interleukin-2 allows CD4+ T cells converted to Tregs to control <i>scurfy</i> syndrome
Authors: Marianne Delville, Florence Bellier, Juliette Leon, Roman Klifa, Sabrina Lizot, Hélène Vinçon, Steicy Sobrino, Romane Thouenon, Armance Marchal, Alexandrine Garrigue, Juliette Olivré, Soëli Charbonnier, Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou, Mario Amendola, Axel Schambach, David Gross, Baptiste Lamarthée, Christophe Benoist, Julien Zuber, Isabelle André, Marina Cavazzana, Emmanuelle Six
Journal: Blood (2021)
Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Bowman’s capsule rupture on renal biopsy improves the outcome prediction of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis classifications’’ by Hakroush and Tampe
Authors: Vincenzo L'Imperio, Gisella Vischini, Manuel Ferraro, Fabio Pagni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

The moral of the story is that the implementation of the Bowman’s capsule rupture (BCR) in prognostic classification systems is still lacking.1 BCR is a common final step of the crescent formation2 for many different glomerular diseases characterised by extracapillary hypercellularity, as in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease,3 lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy and glomerulonephritis in the setting of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Although the consequences of BCR in …
(1) Associations of PAI-1 Promoter Polymorphism and African Ancestry with Asthma in the GALA2 cohort
Authors: Joong Cho, Angel Mak, Donglei Hu, Sam Oh, Scott Hunstman, Celeste Eng, Harold Farber, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Denise Serebrisky, Shannon Thyne, Luisa Borrell, Jose Rodriguez-Santana, L. Keoki Williams, Max Seibold, Esteban Burchard, Rajesh Kumar
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
The Influence of Early and Continuous Exposure of Infants to Cow's Milk Formula on The Occurance of Milk Allergy
Authors: Idit Lachover-Roth, Anat Cohen - Engler, Yossi Rosman, Keren Meir-Shafrir, Yael Furman, Tal Biron-Shental, Ronit Confino-Cohen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Combined immunodeficiency due to a mutation in the γ1 subunit of the coat protein I complex
Authors: Wayne Bainter, Craig D. Platt, Seung-Yeol Park, Kelsey Stafstrom, Jacqueline G. Wallace, Zachary T. Peters, Michel J. Massaad, Michel Becuwe, Sandra Andrea Salinas, Jennifer Jones, Sarah Beaussant-Cohen, Faris Jaber, Jia-Shu Yang, Tobias C. Walther, Jordan S. Orange, Chitong Rao, Seth Rakoff-Nahoum, Maria Tsokos, Shafiq Ur Rehman Naseem, Salem Al-Tamemi, Janet Chou, Victor W. Hsu, Raif S. Geha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

The coat protein I (COPI) complex mediates retrograde trafficking from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Five siblings with persistent bacterial and viral infections and defective humoral and cellular immunity had a homozygous p.K652E mutation in the γ1 subunit of COPI (γ1-COP). The mutation disrupts COPI binding to the KDEL receptor and impairs the retrieval of KDEL-bearing chaperones from the Golgi to the ER. Homozygous Copg1K652E mice had increased ER stress in activated T and B cells, poor antibody responses, and normal numbers of T cells that proliferated normally, but underwent increased apoptosis upon activation. Exposure of the mutants to pet store mice caused weight loss, lymphopenia, and defective T cell proliferation that recapitulated the findings in the patients. The ER stress-relieving agent tauroursodeoxycholic acid corrected the immune defects of the mutants and reversed the phenotype they acquired following exposure to pet store mice. This study establishes the role of γ1-COP in the ER retrieval of KDEL-bearing chaperones and thereby the importance of ER homeostasis in adaptive immunity.
68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Perineum Extramammary Paget Disease
Authors: Chunjuan Jiang, Shaoli Song
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract Extramammary Paget disease is a rare skin intraepithelial adenocarcinoma. Our case presents 68 Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor and 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with perineum extramammary Paget disease. Compared with 18 F-FDG PET/CT, the primary tumor, enlarged pelvic lymph nodes and right maxillofacial lesion showed higher uptake in 68 Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor PET/CT.
Immunobiochemical Repercussions of Prednisone Treatment in Wistar Rats in a Model of Transgenerational Obesity
Authors: Vanessa Tizzo Teixeira, Mariana Pirani Rocha Machado, André Cantarelli Vilela, Gabriel Stefanini, Gustavo Tadeu Volpato, Kleber Eduardo de Campos
Journal: Metabolism (2021)
Association of Interfacility Transfer and Patient and Hospital Characteristics With Thumb Replantation After Traumatic Amputation
Authors: Jessica I. Billig, Jacob S. Nasser, Hoyune E. Cho, Ching-Han Chou, Kevin C. Chung
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Given that 40% of hand function is achieved with the thumb, replantation of traumatic thumb injuries is associated with substantial quality-of-life benefits. However, fewer replantations are being performed annually in the US, which has been associated with less surgical expertise and increased risk of future replantation failures. Thus, understanding how interfacility transfers and hospital characteristics are associated with outcomes warrants further investigation. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the association of interfacility transfer, patient characteristics, and hospital factors with thumb replantation attempts and success. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study used data from the US National Trauma Data Bank from 2009 to 2016 for adult patients with isolated traumatic thumb amputation injury who underwent revision amputation or replantation. Data analysis was performed from May 4, 2020, to July 20, 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Interfacility transfer, defined as transfer of a patient from 1 hospital to another to obtain care for traumatic thumb amputation. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Replantation attempt and replantation success, defined as having undergone a replantation without a subsequent revision amputation during the same hospitalization. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of interfacility transfer, patient characteristics, and hospital factors with replantation outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> Of 3670 patients included in this analysis, 3307 (90.1%) were male and 2713 (73.9%) were White; the mean (SD) age was 45.8 (16.5) years. A total of 1881 patients (51.2%) were transferred to another hospital; most of these patients were male (1720 [91.4%]) and White (1420 [75.5%]). After controlling for patient and hospital characteristics, uninsured patients were less likely to have thumb replantation attempted (odds ratio [OR], 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47-0.78) or a successful replantation (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49-0.84). Interfacility transfer was associated with increased odds of replantation attempt (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13-1.59), with 13% of the variation at the hospital level. Interfacility transfer was also associated with increased replantation success (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.47), with 14% of variation at the hospital level. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cross-sectional study, interfacility transfer and particularly hospital-level variation were associated with increased thumb replantation attempts and successes. These findings suggest a need for creating policies that incentivize hospitals with replantation expertise to provide treatment for traumatic thumb amputations, including promotion of centralization of replantation care.
Finding New Meaning in Everyday Electrocardiograms—Leveraging Deep Learning to Expand Our Diagnostic Toolkit
Authors: Geoffrey H. Tison
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
<i>B. adolescentis</i> ameliorates chronic colitis by regulating Treg/Th2 response and gut microbiota remodeling
Authors: Lina Fan, Yadong Qi, Siwen Qu, Xueqin Chen, Aiqing Li, Maher Hendi, Chaochao Xu, Lan Wang, Tongyao Hou, Jianmin Si, Shujie Chen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is defined as an immune dysregulation disease with poor prognosis. Various therapies based on gut microbe modulation have been proposed. In this study, we aim to explore the therapeutic effect of B. adolescentis on IBD, as well as the immune and microecology mechanism of B. adolescentis in IBD. The fecal level of B. adolescentis was decreased in the IBD patients compared with the normal people in our cohort and the GMrepo database. To further clarify the role of B. adolescentis in IBD, we induced chronic colitis with three cycles of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). We found B. adolescentis gavage exhibited protective effects as evidenced by the significantly decreased diarrhea score, spleen weight, and increased colon length. Accordingly, the cumulative histological grading was decreased in the B. adolescentis administration group. In addition, tight junction protein and mucin family were enhanced after B. adolescentis treatment. Furthermore, distinct effects were found with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-22, IL-9 and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-4, IL-5. Importantly, the colon lamina propria in the B. adolescentis group consisted of more Treg and Th2 cells, which inhibited extreme gut inflammation. Additionally, 16srRNA sequencing showed an evident increase in the B:F ratio in the B. adolescentis group. In particular, B. adolescentis application inhibited the excessive growth of Akkermansia and Escherichia-Shigella in genus level. In conclusion, B. adolescentis refined the DSS-induced chronic colitis by stimulating protective Treg/Th2 response and gut microbiota remodeling. B. adolescentis regularly treatment might improve the therapeutic effects for inflammatory bowel disease.
HIV clinic-based buprenorphine plus naloxone versus referral for methadone maintenance therapy for treatment of opioid use disorder in HIV clinics in Vietnam (BRAVO): an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial
Authors: P Todd Korthuis, Caroline King, Ryan R Cook, Tong Thi Khuyen, Lynn E Kunkel, Gavin Bart, Thuan Nguyen, Dinh Thanh Thuy, Sarann Bielavitz, Diep Bich Nguyen, Nguyen Thi Minh Tam, Le Minh Giang
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2021)
Reprogramming Transcription Factors Oct4 and Sox2 Induce a BRD-Dependent Immunosuppressive Transcriptome in GBM-Propagating Cells
Authors: Tengjiao Ma, Chengchen Hu, Bachchu Lal, Weiqiang Zhou, Yongxin Ma, Mingyao Ying, Panagiotis Prinos, Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, Michael Lim, John Laterra, Yunqing Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

A subset of stem-like cells in glioblastoma (GBM; GSC) underlies tumor propagation, therapeutic resistance, and tumor recurrence. Immune evasion is critical for GSCs to carry out these functions. However, the molecular mechanisms employed by GSCs to escape antitumor immunity remain largely unknown. The reprogramming transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2 function as core multipotency factors and play an essential role in the formation and maintenance of GSCs, but the roles of these transcription factors in GSC immune escape have not been well explored. Here we examine how Oct4/Sox2 coexpression contributes to the immunosuppressive phenotype of GSCs. Combined transcription profiling and functional studies of Oct4/Sox2 coexpressing GSCs and differentiated GBM cells demonstrated that Oct4 and Sox2 cooperatively induce an immunosuppressive transcriptome consisting of multiple immunosuppressive checkpoints (i.e., PD-L1, CD70, A2aR, TDO) and dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines that are associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, induction and function of BRD/H3k27Ac-dependent immunosuppressive genes played a role in the immunosuppressive phenotype of GSCs. Pan-BET bromodomain inhibitors (e.g., JQ1) and shBRD4 constructs significantly inhibited the immunosuppressive transcriptome and immunosuppressive biological responses induced by Oct4/Sox2. Our findings identify targetable mechanisms by which tumor-propagating GSCs contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBM. SIGNIFICANCE: This report identifies mechanisms by which the reprogramming transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2 function to drive the immunomodulatory transcriptome of GSCs and contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBM.
To breathe or not to breathe: Understanding how oxygen sensing contributes to age-related phenotypes
Authors: T. van Vliet, F. Casciaro, M. Demaria
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2021)

Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue integrity and functionality due to disrupted homeostasis. Molecular oxygen is pivotal to maintain tissue functions, and aerobic species have evolved a sophisticated sensing system to ensure proper oxygen supply and demand. It is not surprising that aberrations in oxygen and oxygen-associated pathways subvert health and promote different aspects of aging. In this review, we discuss emerging findings on how oxygen-sensing mechanisms regulate different cellular and molecular processes during normal physiology, and how dysregulation of oxygen availability lead to disease and aging. We describe various clinical manifestations associated with deregulation of oxygen balance, and how oxygen-modulating therapies and natural oxygen oscillations influence longevity. We conclude by discussing how a better understanding of oxygen-related mechanisms that orchestrate aging processes may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to extend healthy aging.
Sensitive tracking of circulating viral RNA through all stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Zhen Huang, Bo Ning, He S. Yang, Brady M. Youngquist, Alex Niu, Christopher J. Lyon, Brandon J. Beddingfield, Alyssa C. Fears, Chandler H. Monk, Amelie E. Murrell, Samantha J. Bilton, Joshua P. Linhuber, Elizabeth B. Norton, Monika L. Dietrich, Jim Yee, Weihua Lai, John W. Scott, Xiao-Ming Yin, Jay Rappaport, James E. Robinson, Nakhle S. Saba, Chad J. Roy, Kevin J. Zwezdaryk, Zhen Zhao, Tony Y. Hu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

BACKGROUND. Circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA may represent a more reliable indicator of infection than nasal RNA, but quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) lacks diagnostic sensitivity for blood samples.