tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomic Analysis of Velvet Worms (Onychophora) Uncovers an Evolutionary Radiation in the Neotropics
Authors: Caitlin M Baker, Rebecca S Buckman-Young, Cristiano S Costa, Gonzalo Giribet
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Onychophora ("velvet worms") are charismatic soil invertebrates known for their status as a "living fossil," their phylogenetic affiliation to arthropods, and their distinctive biogeographic patterns. However, several aspects of their internal phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved, limiting our understanding of the group's evolutionary history, particularly with regard to changes in reproductive mode and dispersal ability. To address these gaps, we used RNA sequencing and phylogenomic analysis of transcriptomes to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships and infer divergence times within the phylum. We recovered a fully resolved and well-supported phylogeny for the circum-Antarctic family Peripatopsidae, which retains signals of Gondwanan vicariance and showcases the evolutionary lability of reproductive mode in the family. Within the Neotropical clade of Peripatidae, though, we found that amino acid-translated sequence data masked nearly all phylogenetic signal, resulting in highly unstable and poorly supported relationships. Analyses using nucleotide sequence data were able to resolve many more relationships, though we still saw discordant phylogenetic signal between genes, probably indicative of a rapid, mid-Cretaceous radiation in the group. Finally, we hypothesize that the unique reproductive mode of placentotrophic viviparity found in all Neotropical peripatids may have facilitated the multiple inferred instances of over-water dispersal and establishment on oceanic islands.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Predicts Episodic Memory Decline: A 10-Year Population-Based Follow-up Study
Authors: Sini Toppala, Laura L. Ekblad, Matti Viitanen, Juha O. Rinne, Antti Jula
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE To examine if the 2-h value of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) can predict cognitive decline. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study is based on a subpopulation of the Finnish population-based Health 2000 Survey and its follow-up, the Health 2011 study. Altogether, 961 individuals aged 45–74 (mean 55.6 years; 55.8% women) underwent OGTT in 2001–2002. Categorical verbal fluency, word-list learning, and word-list delayed recall were tested at baseline and at follow-up in 2011. Statistical analyses were performed with multivariable linear models adjusted for previously reported risk factors for cognitive decline. RESULTS A higher 2-h glucose value in the OGTT at baseline predicted worse performance (slope: −0.08; P = 0.01) and greater decline (slope: −0.07; P = 0.007) in the word-list delayed recall test after 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that higher 2-h glucose values in the OGTT predict a decline in episodic memory after 10 years.
Lipid Carriers in Cancer: Context Matters
Authors: Mara H. Sherman
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Investigating immune suppression mechanisms in cancer may inform on strategies to overcome resistance to current immunotherapies, common across solid tumor types but near ubiquitous in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A recent study by Kemp and colleagues in Cancer Research identified an immuno-modulatory axis originating in tumor-associated macrophages whereby macrophage-derived apolipoprotein E (APOE) activates NF-κB in tumor cells in a paracrine manner, inducing expression of immunosuppressive chemokines. In contrast, APOE promotes antitumor immunity in other cancer types including melanoma, highlighting the context dependency of APOE signaling and its impact on the tumor microenvironment. As new immunotherapy approaches increasingly aim to modulate both the myeloid and lymphoid compartments of the PDAC immune milieu, identification of specific mechanisms that foster macrophage-mediated immune suppression may facilitate the development of effective strategies that enable the immune system to tackle these tumors.See related article by Kemp et al., p. 4305.
Early response to 1-week oral prednisolone (PSL) without intrathecal therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): A Tokyo children’s cancer study group (TCCSG) study
Authors: Manabe A, Tsuchida M, Hanada R, Ikuta K, Toyoda Y, Okimoto Y, Ishimoto K, Okawa H, Ohara A, Kaneko T, Koike K, Sato T, Sugita K, Bessho F, Hoshi Y, Maeda M, Kinoshita A, Saito T, Tsunematsu Y, Nakazawa S
Journal: Blood (1999)
IFN-γ gene polymorphisms associate with development of EBV+ lymphoproliferative disease in hu PBL-SCID mice
Authors: Julie E. Dierksheide, Robert A. Baiocchi, Amy K. Ferketich, Sameek Roychowdhury, Ronald P. Pelletier, Charles F. Eisenbeis, Michael A. Caligiuri, Anne M. VanBuskirk
Journal: Blood (2004)
Discrepancy in the Number of Patients in the Analyses in Study of Development and Validation of the Good Outcome Following Attempted Resuscitation Score
Authors: Mark Ebell
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Results of Using a New X-ray Digital Chamber Mobile Device in the Conditions of a Multi-profile Stationary
Authors: O. M. Alekseeva, A. Yu. Vasil’ev, O. O. Manyilova, A. V. Prokhorov, A. R. Dabagov
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2021)

It is important to consider the nature of the patient’s pathology when carrying out X-ray studies outside the X-ray room, as well as the organizational and methodological aspects of its use outside of specialized conditions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the experience of using a new ward mobile X-ray device in a multidisciplinary hospital. It was found that the autonomy of the new X-ray system can significantly reduce the time of the study. No time is required to connect the device to the network and load the complex during the transition from patient to patient.
How to Make Communication Among Oncologists, Children With Cancer, and Their Caregivers Therapeutic
Authors: Abby R. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Erica C. Kaye, MD, MPH; Sarah Rockwell, MSN, MPH, RN, CPNP; Cameka Woods, MBA, CRA; Monica E. Lemmon, MD; Karen Andes, PhD; Justin N. Baker, MD; Jennifer W. Mack, MD, MPH
27550 Durability of response to abrocitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) after treatment discontinuation in a phase 2b trial
Authors: Melinda J. Gooderham, Giampiero Girolomoni, Julian O. Moore, Jonathan I. Silverberg, Robert Bissonnette, Seth Forman, Elena Peeva, Pinaki Biswas, Hernan Valdez, Gary Chan
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Covid-19: Two vaccine doses are crucial for protection against delta, study finds
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19: Two vaccine doses are crucial for protection against delta, study finds Elisabeth MahaseThe two dose regimen of the Pfizer-BioNTech covid-19 vaccine is 88% effective against symptomatic disease caused by the delta variant, while the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine is 67% effective, research has found.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of a neoplastic lesion in the epiglottis
Authors: Zhengqi Li, Yong Liu, Lizhou Dou, Yueming Zhang, Guiqi Wang
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

The traditional methods of surgical treatment for supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) include open supraglottic laryngectomy, transoral robotic surgery, and transoral laser surgery [1] [2]. These surgical methods cause the patient not only great physical damage but also, as a consequence, a certain economic burden [3]. Exploring the possibilities of endoscopic resection for early lesions is therefore very worthwhile.
Cystathionine β-synthase mediated PRRX2/IL-6/STAT3 inactivation suppresses Tregs infiltration and induces apoptosis to inhibit HCC carcinogenesis
Authors: Yu-Fu Zhou, Shu-Shu Song, Meng-Xin Tian, Zheng Tang, Han Wang, Yuan Fang, Wei-Feng Qu, Xi-Fei Jiang, Chen-Yang Tao, Run Huang, Pei-Yun Zhou, Shi-Guo Zhu, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, Wei-Ren Liu, Ying-Hong Shi
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by inflammation and immunopathogenesis. Accumulating evidence has shown that the cystathionine β-synthase/hydrogen sulfide (CBS/H 2 S) axis is involved in the regulation of inflammation. However, roles of CBS in HCC development and immune evasion have not been systematically investigated, and their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated the roles of CBS in tumor cells and tumor microenvironment of HCC. Methods 236 HCC samples were collected to detect the expression of CBS, cleaved Caspase-3 and paired related homeobox 2 (PRRX2) and the number of immune cells. HCC cell lines were employed to examine the effects of CBS on cellular viability, apoptosis and signaling in vitro. Cbs heterozygous knockout mice, C57BL/6 mice, nude mice and non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency mice were used to investigate the in vivo functions of CBS. Results Downregulation of CBS was observed in HCC, and low expression of CBS predicted poor prognosis in HCC patients. CBS overexpression dramatically promoted cellular apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Activation of the Cbs/H 2 S axis also reduced the abundance of tumor-infiltrating Tregs, while Cbs deficiency promoted Tregs-mediated immune evasion and boosted tumor growth in Cbs heterozygous knockout mice. Mechanistically, CBS facilitated the expression cleaved Caspase-3 in tumor cells, and on the other hand, suppressed Foxp3 expression in Tregs via inactivating IL-6/STAT3 pathway. As a transcription factor of IL-6, PRRX2 was reduced by CBS. Additionally, miR-24-3p was proven to be an upstream suppressor of CBS in HCC. Conclusions Our results indicate the antitumor function of CBS in HCC by inactivation of the PRRX2/IL-6/STAT3 pathway, which may serve as a potential target for HCC clinical immunotherapy.
Philip da Costa
Authors: David da Costa
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Philip da Costa was born and grew up in Kenya, where healthcare access was determined by social class, income, and ethnicity. This experience gave him a lifelong commitment to the concept and delivery of a national health service. He had an academically outstanding undergraduate career and was awarded a distinction in surgery at finals. He had, however, decided early in his training that he was more suited to the controlled environment …
Abstract 14960: Deletion of G Protein-Couple Receptor 39 Protects Mitochondrial Function in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Sai Pranathi Meda Venkata, Hainan Li, Megan M O’Meara, Jie-mei Wang
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: G protein coupled receptor (GPR) 39 is an orphan receptor differentially expressed in variety of tissues. Endothelial cells (ECs) are responsible for tissue repair and to maintain vas...
Abstract 3332: Left Atrial Size Predicts Outcome in Asymptomatic Severe Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Raphael Rosenhek, Florian Rader, Marcel Krejc, Daniel Kalbeck, Harald Gabriel, Ursula Klaar, Gerald Maurer, Helmut Baumgartner
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Left atrial (LA) size is affected by left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressure, ventricular remodeling, atrial fibrillation and mitral regurgitation (MR) itself. LA size has been propose...
26591 Characterization of flares in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis—A population-based study from the French National Health Data System database (SNDS)
Authors: Hervé Bachelez, Jacques Massol, Gérard de Pouvourville, Tristan Gloede, Patricia Medina, Dirk Esser, Malek Bentayeb, Katell Le Lay, Christian Thoma, Manuelle Viguier
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
26993 Efficacy and safety of crisaborole by body region in infants with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis
Authors: Joel Schlessinger, Julie S. Shepard, Douglass W. Forsha, Andrea L. Zaenglein, John L. Werth, Chuanbo Zang, Amy Cha, Liza Takiya
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
An Alert to Possible False Positives With a Commercial Assay for MET Exon 14 Skipping
Authors: Takashi Teishikata, Kouya Shiraishi, Yuki Shinno, Yoshihisa Kobayashi, Jumpei Kashima, Takako Ishiyama, Tatsuya Yoshida, Taisuke Mori, Yasushi Yatabe
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Sunlight separately from vitamin D is associated with a lower risk of death from COVID‐19
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Many infectious diseases vary from season to season.We set out to discover whether sunlight might affect the risk of death from COVID-19, and whether this might occur independently of vitamin D production.We carried out three independent analyses in the USA, in Italy and in England.We gathered data on deaths from COVID-19 in the early months of 2020.In each country these were recorded in small geographical areas such as counties.We estimated total ultraviolet (UV) exposure from satellite data for each of these areas and excluded from analysis those locations where we predicted that the intensity and wavelengths of sunlight would make vitamin D.We constructed a mathematical model showing the link between UV and COVID death that took into account other risks of catching COVID (such as population density and the proportion of the population who have COVID), and then the risk of dying from COVID (such as age, ethnicity, air pollution, social deprivation).Having taken these factors into account, we found that in each country, higher levels of UV from sunlight are associated with a lower risk of dying from COVID-19.This effect does not appear to be caused by vitamin D production and was most marked in England where the background UV levels are lower.We do not know how sunlight might reduce COVID death but UVA (longer wavelength UV) and its effect on the skin may be important.We think this needs to be studied and may be relevant to public health advice during this pandemic.
Incidental 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT Uptake in Hemorrhagic Transformation of Stroke in a Patient With Cervical Paraganglioma
Authors: Raquel Valhondo-Rama, José Carlos Rodríguez Gómez, Rosa Couto Caro, María Nieves Cabrera-Martín, José Luis Carreras Delgado
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract We present a case of a 75-year-old woman with clinical suspicion of stroke whose cranial CT showed ischemic changes in right precentral region, without visible vascular occlusion, and a right vagal lesion suggestive of paraganglioma. Two weeks later, 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT with IV iodine-based contrast administration (Biograph 6 True Point equipment; Siemens) was performed for characterization of this lesion and staging. Intraparenchymal 68 Ga-DOTATOC uptake was visualized in right frontal lobe suggestive of hemorrhagic transformation of the previous stroke.
28186 Efficacy and safety of tralokinumab monotherapy in North American adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: A subanalysis of the ECZTRA 2 trial
Authors: Marni Wiseman, April W. Armstrong, Jennifer Soung, Lorne Albrecht, Mark Lomaga, Kim A. Papp
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Abstract 16166: Divergent Effects of Calnexin on Serca2 Activity and Expression in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Nicolas Bousette, Roxana Chis, Nicole Dubois, Gordon Keller, Thomas Kislinger, Marek Michalak, Anthony O Gramolini
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Calnexin (CNX) has been shown to inhibit SERCA2 activity in a phosphorylation dependent manner. As such we were interested in identifying the effect of calnexin loss on cardiomyocyte fu...
Single-cell imaging of T cell immunotherapy responses in vivo
Authors: Chuan Yan, Qiqi Yang, Songfa Zhang, David G. Millar, Eric J. Alpert, Daniel Do, Alexandra Veloso, Dalton C. Brunson, Benjamin J. Drapkin, Marcello Stanzione, Irene Scarfò, John C. Moore, Sowmya Iyer, Qian Qin, Yun Wei, Karin M. McCarthy, John F. Rawls, Nick J. Dyson, Mark Cobbold, Marcela V. Maus, David M. Langenau
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

T cell immunotherapies have revolutionized treatment for a subset of cancers. Yet, a major hurdle has been the lack of facile and predicative preclinical animal models that permit dynamic visualization of T cell immune responses at single-cell resolution in vivo. Here, optically clear immunocompromised zebrafish were engrafted with fluorescent-labeled human cancers along with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cells, bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs), and antibody peptide epitope conjugates (APECs), allowing real-time single-cell visualization of T cell–based immunotherapies in vivo. This work uncovered important differences in the kinetics of T cell infiltration, tumor cell engagement, and killing between these immunotherapies and established early endpoint analysis to predict therapy responses. We also established EGFR-targeted immunotherapies as a powerful approach to kill rhabdomyosarcoma muscle cancers, providing strong preclinical rationale for assessing a wider array of T cell immunotherapies in this disease.
Diagnosis and classification of ileal pouch disorders: consensus guidelines from the International Ileal Pouch Consortium
Authors: Bo Shen, Gursimran S Kochhar, Revital Kariv, Xiuli Liu, Udayakumar Navaneethan, David T Rubin, Raymond K Cross, Akira Sugita, André D'Hoore, Jason Schairer, Francis A Farraye, Ravi P Kiran, Philip Fleshner, Joel Rosh, Samir A Shah, Shannon Chang, Ellen Scherl, Darrell S Pardi, David A Schwartz, Paulo G Kotze, David H Bruining, Sunanda V Kane, Jessica Philpott, Bincy Abraham, Jonathan Segal, Rocio Sedano, Maia Kayal, Stuart Bentley-Hibbert, Dino Tarabar, Sandra El-Hachem, Priya Sehgal, James T McCormick, Joseph A Picoraro, Mark S Silverberg, Charles N Bernstein, William J Sandborn, Séverine Vermeire
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2021)
Effectiveness of maternal pertussis vaccination in protecting newborn: A matched case-control study
Authors: Pere Godoy, Manuel García-Cenoz, Cristina Rius, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, Gloria Carmona, Miquel Alsedà, Mireia Jané, Maria-José Vidal, Raquel Rodríguez, Josep Álvarez, Neus Camps, Sofia Minguell, Mónica Carol, Maria-Rosa Sala, Jesús Castilla, Àngela Domínguez
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)
Gastric and Esophageal Cancers: Guidelines Updates
Authors: Crystal S. Denlinger, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Mary F. Mulcahy
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

For the treatment of gastric and esophageal cancers, several pivotal trials—especially those evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)—have altered the treatment landscape and led to changes in the NCCN Guidelines. In addition to pembrolizumab and nivolumab, new treatment options include trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd), ramucirumab, and trifluridine/tipiracil. These agents convey varying degrees of benefit depending on treatment line, PD-L1 expression, HER2 expression, and tumor histology. Recently, ICIs have been incorporated into the first-line treatment of HER2-negative advanced esophageal, gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), and gastric cancers, in addition to second-line treatment of advanced esophageal and GEJ cancer of squamous histology. T-DXd is another new second-line option for HER2-positive esophageal, GEJ, and gastric adenocarcinomas. ICIs are now moving into the adjuvant setting as well, and a new recommendation is nivolumab use after preoperative chemoradiation and surgery in patients who have residual disease identified at the time of their R0 resections.
26834 Secukinumab demonstrated sustained effectiveness in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis across weight categories: 36-month data from PURE
Authors: Kim Papp, Melinda Gooderham, Wei-Jing Loo, Hermenio Lima, Mark Lomaga, Vincent Ho, Jaggi Rao, Irina Turchin, Adriana Leticia LopezTello Santillan, Antonio Vieira, Lenka Rihakova
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Polygenic Adaptation and Clonal Interference Enable Sustained Diversity in Experimental <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Populations
Authors: Katrina B Harris, Kenneth M Flynn, Vaughn S Cooper
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

How biodiversity arises and can be maintained in asexual microbial populations growing on a single resource remains unclear. Many models presume that beneficial genotypes will outgrow others and purge variation via selective sweeps. Environmental structure like that found in biofilms, which are associated with persistence during infection and other stressful conditions, may oppose this process and preserve variation. We tested this hypothesis by evolving Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations in biofilm-promoting arginine media for 3 months, using both a bead model of the biofilm life cycle and planktonic serial transfer. Surprisingly, adaptation and diversification were mostly uninterrupted by fixation events that eliminate diversity, with hundreds of mutations maintained at intermediate frequencies. The exceptions included genotypes with mutator alleles that also accelerated genetic diversification. Despite the rarity of hard sweeps, a remarkable 40 genes acquired parallel mutations in both treatments and often among competing genotypes within a population. These incomplete soft sweeps include several transporters (including pitA, pntB, nosD, and pchF) suggesting adaptation to the growth media that becomes highly alkaline during growth. Further, genes involved in signal transduction (including gacS, aer2, bdlA, and PA14_71750) reflect likely adaptations to biofilm-inducing conditions. Contrary to evolution experiments that select mutations in a few genes, these results suggest that some environments may expose a larger fraction of the genome and select for many adaptations at once. Thus, even growth on a sole carbon source can lead to persistent genetic and phenotypic variation despite strong selection that would normally purge diversity.