tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smartphones and the Neuroscience of Mental Health
Authors: Claire M. Gillan, Robb B. Rutledge
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2021)

Improvements in understanding the neurobiological basis of mental illness have unfortunately not translated into major advances in treatment. At this point, it is clear that psychiatric disorders are exceedingly complex and that, in order to account for and leverage this complexity, we need to collect longitudinal data sets from much larger and more diverse samples than is practical using traditional methods. We discuss how smartphone-based research methods have the potential to dramatically advance our understanding of the neuroscience of mental health. This, we expect, will take the form of complementing lab-based hard neuroscience research with dense sampling of cognitive tests, clinical questionnaires, passive data from smartphone sensors, and experience-sampling data as people go about their daily lives. Theory- and data-driven approaches can help make sense of these rich data sets, and the combination of computational tools and the big data that smartphones make possible has great potential value for researchers wishing to understand how aspects of brain function give rise to, or emerge from, states of mental health and illness.
Rapid gut dysbiosis induced by stroke exacerbates brain infarction in turn
Authors: Kaiyu Xu, Xuxuan Gao, Genghong Xia, Muxuan Chen, Nianyi Zeng, Shan Wang, Chao You, Xiaolin Tian, Huiling Di, Wenli Tang, Pan Li, Huidi Wang, Xiuli Zeng, Chuhong Tan, Fanguo Meng, Hailong Li, Yan He, Hongwei Zhou, Jia Yin
Journal: Gut (2021)

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Neuroprotective approaches have failed in clinical trials, thus warranting therapeutic innovations with alternative targets. The gut microbiota is an important contributor to many risk factors for stroke. However, the bidirectional interactions between stroke and gut microbiota remain largely unknown.
Ethical obligations for supporting healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alexander Supady, J. Randall Curtis, Crystal E. Brown, Daniel Duerschmied, Lyn Anne von Zepelin, Marc Moss, Daniel Brodie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>Based on considerations of justice, healthcare workers must be able to rely on support and protection from the societies in which they work. Prioritisation of healthcare workers for vaccines may be a way to maintain a functioning healthcare system.</b>https://bit.ly/3pouzQu
Rapid transcriptional and metabolic adaptation of intestinal microbes to host immune activation
Authors: Simone Becattini, Matthew T. Sorbara, Sohn G. Kim, Eric L. Littmann, Qiwen Dong, Gavin Walsh, Roberta Wright, Luigi Amoretti, Emily Fontana, Tobias M. Hohl, Eric G. Pamer
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2021)
Among classic myeloproliferative neoplasms, essential thrombocythemia is associated with the greatest risk of venous thromboembolism during COVID-19
Authors: Tiziano Barbui, Valerio De Stefano, Alberto Alvarez-Larran, Alessandra Iurlo, Arianna Masciulli, Alessandra Carobbio, Arianna Ghirardi, Alberto Ferrari, Valeria Cancelli, Elena Maria Elli, Marcio Miguel Andrade-Campos, Mercedes Gasior Kabat, Jean-Jaques Kiladjian, Francesca Palandri, Giulia Benevolo, Valentin Garcia-Gutierrez, Maria Laura Fox, Maria Angeles Foncillas, Carmen Montoya Morcillo, Elisa Rumi, Santiago Osorio, Petros Papadopoulos, Massimiliano Bonifacio, Keina Susana Quiroz Cervantes, Miguel Sagues Serrano, Gonzalo Carreno-Tarragona, Marta Anna Sobas, Francesca Lunghi, Andrea Patriarca, Begoña Navas Elorza, Anna Angona, Elena Magro Mazo, Steffen Koschmieder, Giuseppe Carli, Beatriz Cuevas, Juan Carlos Hernandez-Boluda, Emma Lopez Abadia, Blanca Xicoy Cirici, Paola Guglielmelli, Marta Garrote, Daniele Cattaneo, Rosa Daffini, Fabrizio Cavalca, Beatriz Bellosillo, Lina Benajiba, Natalia Curto-Garcia, Marta Bellini, Silvia Betti, Claire Harrison, Alessandro Rambaldi, Alessandro Maria Vannucchi
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2021)

Abstract In a multicenter European retrospective study including 162 patients with COVID-19 occurring in essential thrombocythemia (ET, n = 48), polycythemia vera (PV, n = 42), myelofibrosis (MF, n = 56), and prefibrotic myelofibrosis (pre-PMF, n = 16), 15 major thromboses (3 arterial and 12 venous) were registered in 14 patients, of whom all, but one, were receiving LMW-heparin prophylaxis. After adjustment for the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of arterial and venous thromboembolic events (VTE) reached 8.5% after 60 days follow-up. Of note, 8 of 12 VTE were seen in ET. Interestingly, at COVID-19 diagnosis, MPN patients had significantly lower platelet count ( p &lt; 0.0001) than in the pre-COVID last follow-up.This decline was remarkably higher in ET (−23.3%, p &lt; 0.0001) than in PV (−16.4%, p = 0.1730) and was associated with higher mortality rate ( p = 0.0010) for pneumonia. The effects of possible predictors of thrombosis, selected from those clinically relevant and statistically significant in univariate analysis, were examined in a multivariate model. Independent risk factors were transfer to ICU (SHR = 3.73, p = 0.029), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (SHR = 1.1, p = 0.001) and ET phenotype (SHR = 4.37, p = 0.006). The enhanced susceptibility to ET-associated VTE and the associated higher mortality for pneumonia may recognize a common biological plausibility and deserve to be delved to tailor new antithrombotic regimens including antiplatelet drugs.
Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK (vol 397, pg 99, 2021)
Authors: M. Voysey, S. A. C. Clemens, S. A. Madhi
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
Diagnosis and management of secondary causes of steatohepatitis
Authors: Roman Liebe, Irene Esposito, Hans H. Bock, Stephan vom Dahl, Jan Stindt, Ulrich Baumann, Tom Luedde, Verena Keitel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2021)

The term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was originally coined to describe hepatic fat deposition as part of the metabolic syndrome. However, a variety of rare hereditary liver and metabolic diseases, intestinal diseases, endocrine disorders and drugs may underlie, mimic, or aggravate NAFLD. In contrast to primary NAFLD, therapeutic interventions are available for many secondary causes of NAFLD. Accordingly, secondary causes of fatty liver disease should be considered during the diagnostic workup of patients with fatty liver disease, and treatment of the underlying disease should be started to halt disease progression. Common genetic variants in several genes involved in lipid handling and metabolism modulate the risk of progression from steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development in NAFLD, alcohol-related liver disease and viral hepatitis. Hence, we speculate that genotyping of common risk variants for liver disease progression may be equally useful to gauge the likelihood of developing advanced liver disease in patients with secondary fatty liver disease.
Recent advances in innovative strategies for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy
Authors: Tingting Hu, Zhengdi Wang, Weicheng Shen, Ruizheng Liang, Dan Yan, Min Wei
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-invasive therapeutic modality, has received increasing attention owing to its high selectivity and limited side effects. Although significant clinical research progress has been made in PDT, the breadth and depth of its clinical application have not been fully realized due to the limitations such as inadequate light penetration depth, non-targeting photosensitizers (PSs), and tumor hypoxia. Consequently, numerous investigations put their emphasis on innovative strategies to overcome the aforementioned limitations and enhance the therapeutic effect of PDT. Herein, up-to-date advances in these innovative methods for PDT are summarized by introducing the design of PS systems, their working mechanisms and application examples. In addition, current challenges of these innovative strategies for clinical application, and future perspectives on further improvement of PDT are also discussed.
Fractional exhale nitric oxide in children with moderate persistent chronic rhinitis
Authors: Woralak Sutiratanachai, Wiparat Manuyakorn, Watcharoot Kanchongkittiphon, Nichaporn Chalermpalanupap, Cherapat Sasisakulporn, Potjanee Kiewngam, Wanlapa Jotikasthira
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
QCT-based Measures Of Airway Narrowing And Shape Changes Associated With Endobronchial Biopsy Tissue Measures of Airway Remodeling And Clinical Outcomes In Asthma
Authors: Jiwoong Choi, Jonathan Boomer, In Kyu Lee, Fred Shi, Stephanie Christenson, Jenna Nguyen, Leonard Bacharier, Prescott Woodruff, Michael Peters, Sanghun Choi, Ching-Long Lin, Mario Castro
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Targeting DNA Damage Repair Functions of Two Histone Deacetylases, HDAC8 and SIRT6, Sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia to NAMPT Inhibition
Authors: Pu Zhang, Lindsey T. Brinton, Katie Williams, Steven Sher, Shelley Orwick, Lai Tzung-Huei, Alice S. Mims, Christopher C. Coss, Samuel K. Kulp, Youssef Youssef, Wing Keung Chan, Shaneice Mitchell, Allison Mustonen, Matthew Cannon, Hannah Phillips, Amy M. Lehman, Tierney Kauffman, Larry Beaver, Daniel Canfield, Nicole R. Grieselhuber, Lapo Alinari, Deepa Sampath, Pearlly Yan, John C. Byrd, James S. Blachly, Rosa Lapalombella
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors (NAMPTi) are currently in development, but may be limited as single-agent therapy due to compound-specific toxicity and cancer metabolic plasticity allowing resistance development. To potentially lower the doses of NAMPTis required for therapeutic benefit against acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed a genome-wide CRISPRi screen to identify rational disease-specific partners for a novel NAMPTi, KPT-9274. Experimental Design: Cell lines and primary cells were analyzed for cell viability, self-renewal, and responses at RNA and protein levels with loss-of-function approaches and pharmacologic treatments. In vivo efficacy of combination therapy was evaluated with a xenograft model. Results: We identified two histone deacetylases (HDAC), HDAC8 and SIRT6, whose knockout conferred synthetic lethality with KPT-9274 in AML. Furthermore, HDAC8-specific inhibitor, PCI-34051, or clinical class I HDAC inhibitor, AR-42, in combination with KPT-9274, synergistically decreased the survival of AML cells in a dose-dependent manner. AR-42/KPT-9274 cotreatment attenuated colony-forming potentials of patient cells while sparing healthy hematopoietic cells. Importantly, combined therapy demonstrated promising in vivo efficacy compared with KPT-9274 or AR-42 monotherapy. Mechanistically, genetic inhibition of SIRT6 potentiated the effect of KPT-9274 on PARP-1 suppression by abolishing mono-ADP ribosylation. AR-42/KPT-9274 cotreatment resulted in synergistic attenuation of homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining pathways in cell lines and leukemia-initiating cells. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that HDAC8 inhibition- or shSIRT6-induced DNA repair deficiencies are potently synergistic with NAMPT targeting, with minimal toxicity toward normal cells, providing a rationale for a novel–novel combination-based treatment for AML.
Hydration and cooling in elite athletes: relationship with performance, body mass loss and body temperatures during the Doha 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships
Authors: Sebastien Racinais, Mohammed Ihsan, Lee Taylor, Marco Cardinale, Paolo Emilio Adami, Juan Manuel Alonso, Nicolas Bouscaren, Sebastian Buitrago, Chris J Esh, Josu Gomez-Ezeiza, Frederic Garrandes, George Havenith, Mariem Labidi, Gunter Lange, Alexander Lloyd, Sebastien Moussay, Khouloud Mtibaa, Nathan Townsend, Mathew G Wilson, Stephane Bermon
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

To characterise hydration, cooling, body mass loss, and core (Tcore) and skin (Tsk) temperatures during World Athletics Championships in hot-humid conditions.Marathon and race-walk (20 km and 50 km) athletes (n=83, 36 women) completed a pre-race questionnaire. Pre-race and post-race body weight (n=74), Tcore (n=56) and Tsk (n=49; thermography) were measured.Most athletes (93%) had a pre-planned drinking strategy (electrolytes (83%), carbohydrates (81%)) while ice slurry was less common (11%; p<0.001). More men than women relied on electrolytes and carbohydrates (91%-93% vs 67%-72%, p≤0.029). Drinking strategies were based on personal experience (91%) rather than external sources (p<0.001). Most athletes (80%) planned pre-cooling (ice vests (53%), cold towels (45%), neck collars (21%) and ice slurry (21%)) and/or mid-cooling (93%; head/face dousing (65%) and cold water ingestion (52%)). Menthol usage was negligible (1%-2%). Pre-race Tcore was lower in athletes using ice vests (37.5°C±0.4°C vs 37.8°C±0.3°C, p=0.024). Tcore (pre-race 37.7°C±0.3°C, post-race 39.6°C±0.6°C) was independent of event, ranking or performance (p≥0.225). Pre-race Tsk was correlated with faster race completion (r=0.32, p=0.046) and was higher in non-finishers (did not finish (DNF); 33.8°C±0.9°C vs 32.6°C±1.4°C, p=0.017). Body mass loss was higher in men than women (-2.8±1.5% vs -1.3±1.6%, p<0.001), although not associated with performance.Most athletes' hydration strategies were pre-planned based on personal experience. Ice vests were the most adopted pre-cooling strategy and the only one minimising Tcore, suggesting that event organisers should be cognisant of logistics (ie, freezers). Dehydration was moderate and unrelated to performance. Pre-race Tsk was related to performance and DNF, suggesting that Tsk modulation should be incorporated into pre-race strategies.
Doctors can make deferred choice on pension contributions
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The BMA has backed the UK government’s decision to allow doctors to make a deferred choice on their pension contributions, in response to unlawful discrimination that arose from changes made in 2015.

The Court of Appeal ruled that those changes unlawfully discriminated against younger members of public service pension schemes because only older members—those within 10 years of retirement in April 2012—were allowed to remain in the older and more favourable final salary scheme,1 while younger doctors were forced to move to the new scheme.

After consulting on two options to remedy the discrimination the government said that it had decided to proceed with the deferred choice rather than the immediate choice option.2

“This means that members will …
Race and Power at the Bedside: Counter Storytelling in Clinical Ethics Consultation
Authors: Aleksandra E. Olszewski, Maya Scott, Arika Patneaude, Elliott M. Weiss, Aaron Wightman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

This article is referred to by:Looking Forward: A Response to Commentaries on "Race, Power and COVID-19: A Call for Advocacy within Bioethics"
Against the Reification of Race in Bioethics: Anti-Racism without Racial Realism
Authors: Adam Hochman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

This article refers to:Race, Power, and COVID-19: A Call for Advocacy within BioethicsRace Based Medicine, Colorblind Disease: How Racism in Medicine Harms Us AllRacism and Bioethics: The Myth of Color Blindness
Abstract 16173: Assessment of Calcified Lesion on Coronary CTA Using Ultra-High-Resolution CT
Authors: Sadako Motoyama, Masayoshi Sarai, Keiichi Miyajima, Yasuomi Nagahara, Hajime Ito, Yasuo Saito, Ryota Matsumoto, Yujiro Doi, Yumi Kataoka, Yukio Ozaki, Hiroshi Toyama, Kazuhiro Katada
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: One of the limitations of coronary CT angiography (CTA) is the difficulty to evaluate the luminal stenosis at calcified plaques. Novel CT scanner with higher spatial resolution was de...
Covid impact in allergy: patients' perceptions of "virtual” consultations and preferences for the future.
Authors: Vince Wu, Wardha. Wardha, Vaidehi Bhatt, Tyler Seto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has provided challenges for healthcare professionals to provide medical care to patients. The recent emergence of telemedicine consultation has provided an alternative to "in office" care. Assessing its impact may provide insight to the future of medical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Telemedicine consultations were provided at an allergy clinic between June and July 2020. Patients (n=207) were provided with a questionnaire after their consultation to assess the following: if healthcare requirements were met when consulted virtually, the consideration of telemedicine for future appointments, and if they would like a hybrid consultation model (initial eConsult and in person follow up). A 7-point scoring system was used to evaluate each question. Scores between 1 to 3 disagreed with varying degrees, a score of 4 was neutral, and scores between 5-7 agreed with varying degrees. Patients scored an average of 5.7 with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.3 with 80% of patients scoring between 5-7 when asked if the virtual consult met all their healthcare requirements. When asked about the use of telemedicine in the future, patients scored an average of 5.3 and a SD of 1.5, with 76% of patients scoring between 5-7. Lastly, patients scored the hybrid consultation model an average of 5.5 with a SD of 1.6, with 79% of patients scoring between 5-7. The majority of patients believe that virtual consultation provided appropriate medical information and should be used in future allergy consultations. Furthermore, a hybrid consultation model could be a potential option for future medical consultation.
Red Yeast Rice for Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Arrigo F.G. Cicero, Federica Fogacci, Alberto Zambon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)

The extracts of red yeast rice (RYR) are currently the most effective cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals. This activity is mainly due to monacolin K, a weak reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, whose daily consumption causes a reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol plasma levels up to 15% to 25% within 6 to 8 weeks. The decrease in LDL-cholesterol is accompanied by a proportional decrease in total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma apolipoprotein B, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Some trials suggest that RYR use is associated with improvement in endothelial function and arterial stiffness, whereas a long-term study supports its role in the prevention of cardiovascular events. Despite the statin-like mechanism of action, the risk related to 3 to 10 mg monacolin K taken per day is minimal (mild myalgia in previously severely statin-intolerant subjects). RYR could represent a therapeutic tool to support lifestyle improvement in managing mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia in low-risk patients, including those who cannot be treated with statins or other LDL-cholesterol-lowering therapies.
Abstract PO032: Bacterial, archaea and viral transcripts (BAVT) expression in endometrial cancer
Authors: Silvana Pedra Nobre, Nicholas Cardillo, David Bender, Michael Goodheart, Eric Devor, Jesus Gonzalez Bosquet
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Objectives: Microbes are found virtually everywhere, including the human body. High-throughput sequencing of microbial genome, also known as metagenomic sequencing, may help to understand interactions between human and microbial processes. In this pilot study we aimed to determine differences of bacterial, archaea and viral expression between normal fallopian tube samples and ovarian and endometrial cancer samples. Then, we assessed these differentially expressed transcripts in endometrial and ovarian cancer from TCGA data. Methods: RNA was extracted and sequenced from 62 endometrial cancers, 104 high-grade serous ovarian cancers and 12 normal tubes specimens from our Biobank repository. Sequencing was performed using the Illumina HiSeq4000 platform that sequences 150 bp paired-end transcripts. Reads were processed with Centrifuge, a novel algorithm that classifies metagenomic sequences. We built our own index to differentiate between bacterial, archaea, viral and human transcripts. Resulting number of transcripts were normalized, log transformed and compared between tubal epithelium and ovarian and endometrial cancers (t-test). Lasso regression was used to identify significant independent transcripts between samples. TCGA ovarian and endometrial samples were processed as previously, and expression of significant probes were evaluated. Results: Bacterial, archaea and viral transcripts (BAVT) were 4.7% and 3,1% of all transcriptome in tubal and ovarian cancer respectively. 266 transcripts were differentially expressed between normal tubes and ovarian and endometrial cancer, with a p&amp;lt;0.005. 11 bacteria and 1 virus were independently significant in the multivariate regression model. These microbes were mapped close to genome regulatory areas. In general, there were more BVAT in normal tube samples. The amount of BAVT decreased in endometrial cancer and even more in ovarian cancer, supporting this regulatory role of BAVT. BAVTs in TCGA were 0.8% of all transcriptome. Conclusions: BAVT expression is different between normal tissues and cancers in the gynecologic tract. Cancer amount of BAVT seems to decrease in malignant tissues, supporting a regulatory role of BAVT. Further studies are needed to determine the significance of BAVT amount and change of expression. Citation Format: Silvana Pedra Nobre, Nicholas Cardillo, David Bender, Michael Goodheart, Eric Devor, Jesus Gonzalez Bosquet. Bacterial, archaea and viral transcripts (BAVT) expression in endometrial cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference: Endometrial Cancer: New Biology Driving Research and Treatment; 2020 Nov 9-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PO032.