tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synthetic polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography by deep learning
Authors: Yi Sun, Jianfeng Wang, Jindou Shi, Stephen A. Boppart
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2021)

Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is a high-resolution label-free optical biomedical imaging modality that is sensitive to the microstructural architecture in tissue that gives rise to form birefringence, such as collagen or muscle fibers. To enable polarization sensitivity in an OCT system, however, requires additional hardware and complexity. We developed a deep-learning method to synthesize PS-OCT images by training a generative adversarial network (GAN) on OCT intensity and PS-OCT images. The synthesis accuracy was first evaluated by the structural similarity index (SSIM) between the synthetic and real PS-OCT images. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the computational PS-OCT images was validated by separately training two image classifiers using the real and synthetic PS-OCT images for cancer/normal classification. The similar classification results of the two trained classifiers demonstrate that the predicted PS-OCT images can be potentially used interchangeably in cancer diagnosis applications. In addition, we applied the trained GAN models on OCT images collected from a separate OCT imaging system, and the synthetic PS-OCT images correlate well with the real PS-OCT image collected from the same sample sites using the PS-OCT imaging system. This computational PS-OCT imaging method has the potential to reduce the cost, complexity, and need for hardware-based PS-OCT imaging systems.
Cardiac Troponin Thresholds and Kinetics to Differentiate Myocardial Injury and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ryan Wereski, Dorien M. Kimenai, Caelan Taggart, Dimitrios Doudesis, Kuan Ken Lee, Matthew T.H. Lowry, Anda Bularga, David J. Lowe, Takeshi Fujisawa, Fred S. Apple, Paul O. Collinson, Atul Anand, Andrew R. Chapman, Nicholas L. Mills
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Although the 99th percentile is the recommended diagnostic threshold for myocardial infarction, some guidelines also advocate the use of higher troponin thresholds to rule in myocardial infarction at presentation. It is unclear whether the magnitude or change in troponin concentration can differentiate causes of myocardial injury and infarction in practice.
Rapid Response Teams as a Patient Safety Practice for Failure to Rescue
Authors: Chelsea P. Fischer, Karl Y. Bilimoria, Amir A. Ghaferi
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Multi-omics profiling of living human pancreatic islet donors reveals heterogeneous beta cell trajectories towards type 2 diabetes
Authors: Leonore Wigger, Marko Barovic, Andreas-David Brunner, Flavia Marzetta, Eyke Schöniger, Florence Mehl, Nicole Kipke, Daniela Friedland, Frederic Burdet, Camille Kessler, Mathias Lesche, Bernard Thorens, Ezio Bonifacio, Cristina Legido-Quigley, Pierre Barbier Saint Hilaire, Philippe Delerive, Andreas Dahl, Christian Klose, Mathias J. Gerl, Kai Simons, Daniela Aust, Jürgen Weitz, Marius Distler, Anke M. Schulte, Matthias Mann, Mark Ibberson, Michele Solimena
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2021)
Time Course of Relapse Following Acute Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: B. Timothy Walsh, Tianchen Xu, Yuanjia Wang, Evelyn Attia, Allan S. Kaplan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2021)

Objective: There is long-standing interest in how best to define stages of illness for anorexia nervosa, including remission and recovery. The authors used data from a previously published study to examine the time course of relapse over the year following full weight restoration. Methods: Following weight restoration in an acute care setting, 93 women with anorexia nervosa were randomly assigned to receive fluoxetine or placebo and were discharged to outpatient care, where they also received cognitive-behavioral therapy for up to 1 year. Relapse was defined on the basis of a priori clinical criteria. Fluoxetine had no impact on the time to relapse. In the present analysis, for each day after entry into the study, the risk of relapse over the following 60 days and the following 90 days was calculated and a parametric function was fitted to approximate the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results: The risk of relapse rose immediately after entry into the study, reached a peak after approximately 60 days, and then gradually declined. There was no indication of an inflection point at which the risk of relapse fell precipitously after the initial peak. Conclusions: This analysis highlights the fact that adult patients with anorexia nervosa are at increased risk of relapse in the first months following discharge from acute care, suggesting a need for frequent follow-up and relapse prevention–focused treatment during this period. After approximately 2 months, the risk of relapse progressively decreases over time.
Patients with FPE Showed Fluid Redistribution, and Rapidly Improved of Condition by Initial Treatment with NIV
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroyuki, Watanabe Masataka, Hashimura Kazuhiko, Sekiguchi Kenichi, Ohishi Shogo, Nishihata Yosuke, Kanzaki Hideaki, Kitakaze Masafumi, Gotoh Yoichi, Nonogi Hiroshi, Tomoike Hitonobu
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Nanoclay Reinforced Biomaterials for Mending Musculoskeletal Tissue Disorders
Authors: Itsasne Erezuma, Tatiane Eufrasio‐da‐Silva, Nasim Golafshan, Kaivalya Deo, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Miguel Castilho, Akhilesh K. Gaharwar, Sander Leeuwenburgh, Alireza Dolatshahi‐Pirouz, Gorka Orive
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Nanoclay‐reinforced biomaterials have sparked a new avenue in advanced healthcare materials that can potentially revolutionize treatment of musculoskeletal defects. Native tissues display many important chemical, mechanical, biological, and physical properties that engineered biomaterials need to mimic for optimal tissue integration and regeneration. However, it is time‐consuming and difficult to endow such combinatorial properties on materials via feasible and nontoxic procedures. Fortunately, a number of nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, MXenes, and nanoclays already display a plethora of material properties that can be transferred to biomaterials through a simple incorporation procedure. In this direction, the members of the nanoclay family are easy to functionalize chemically, they can significantly reinforce the mechanical performance of biomaterials, and can provide bioactive properties by ionic dissolution products to upregulate cartilage and bone tissue formation. For this reason, nanoclays can become a key component for future orthopedic biomaterials. In this review, we specifically focus on the rapidly decreasing gap between clinic and laboratory by highlighting their application in a number of promising in vivo studies.
One Health: EAACI Position Paper on coronaviruses at the human‐animal interface, with a specific focus on comparative and zoonotic aspects of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Anna D. J. Korath, Jozef Janda, Eva Untersmayr, Milena Sokolowska, Wojciech Feleszko, Ioana Agache, Ahmed Adel Seida, Katrin Hartmann, Erika Jensen‐Jarolim, Isabella Pali‐Schöll
Journal: Allergy (2021)

The latest outbreak of a coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), evolved into a worldwide pandemic with massive effects on health, quality of life, and economy. Given the short period of time since the outbreak, there are several knowledge gaps on the comparative and zoonotic aspects of this new virus. Within the One Health concept, the current EAACI position paper dwells into the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2's receptors, symptoms, transmission routes for human and animals living in close vicinity to each other, usefulness of animal models to study this disease and management options to avoid intra- and interspecies transmission. Similar pandemics might appear unexpectedly and more frequently in the near future due to climate change, consumption of exotic foods and drinks, globe-trotter travel possibilities, the growing world population, the decreasing production space, declining room for wildlife and free-ranging animals, and the changed lifestyle including living very close to animals. Therefore, both the society and the health authorities need to be aware and well prepared for similar future situations, and research needs to focus on prevention and fast development of treatment options (medications, vaccines).
SYNTAXスコアと長期転帰BARI2D試験【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Ikeno Fumiaki, Brooks Maria Mori, Nakagawa Kaori, Kim Min-Kyu, Kaneda Hideaki, Mitsutake Yoshiaki, A Vlachos Helen, Schwartz Leonard, L Frye Robert, F Kelsey Sheryl, Waseda Katsuhisa, A Hlatky Mark
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Abstract 322: Prehospital Care From Emergency Life-Saving Technicians Promotes the Survival of Trauma Patients
Authors: Tsuyoshi Nojima, Hiromichi Naito, Tetsuya Yumoto, Atsunori Nakao
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Optimal trauma care strategies remain a matter of debate. Prehospital trauma care protocols for paramedics range from no intervention to full field stabilizations. In Japan, emergency life-saving technicians (ELSTs) are certified specialists trained to provide advanced techniques and knowledge for prehospital emergency care. They can give fluid resuscitation and inform the receiving hospital for definitive surgery. However, the effectiveness of ELSTs over basic emergency medical technicians (BEMTs) regarding trauma transport remains unclear. Hypothesis: We tested whether the presence of an ELST improves the outcomes of trauma patients. Methods: We retrospectively studied 2004- 2017 data from the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB). Inclusion criteria were patients age ≥ 16 with at least one Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≥ 3 trauma. Exclusion criteria were patients with burns, AIS score = 6 in any region, and missing data. We compared two trauma patient groups. ELST group: patients transported by EMS including at least one ELST. BEMT group: patients transported only by basic EMS personnel. The primary outcome measure was survival at discharge. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to adjust for patient baseline characteristics. Results: Included were 124,563 patients, with 119,352 patients in the ELST group and 5,211 patients in the BEMT group. Patients’ ages (ELST vs. BEMT [Mean ± SD]: 57 ± 22 vs. 59 ± 22 years, p &lt; 0.01) were lower and transportation time (15 ± 12 vs. 17 ± 14 min, p &lt; 0.01) was shorter in the ELST group. Gender (male: 64 vs. 64 %, p = 0.66), proportion of blunt trauma (96 vs. 96 %, p = 0.10), proportion of blood transfusion (15 vs. 14 %, p = 0.11) and Injury Severity Score (16 ± 11 vs. 16 ± 11, p = 0.28) were similar between groups. Revised Trauma Score (7.0 ± 1.9 vs. 7.1± 1.7, p &lt; 0.01) was lower in the ELST group and proportion of emergency surgery (12 vs. 11 %, p &lt; 0.01) was higher in the ELST group, indicating that ELSTs treat more severe cases. In the multivariable logistic regression, the ELST group had higher odds for survival (adjusted OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01-1.37). Conclusions: ELSTs encountered more severe cases than BEMTs. After adjustment, transport by the ELST group was associated with improved survival of trauma patients.
Impact of early response on outcomes in AL amyloidosis following treatment with frontline Bortezomib
Authors: Sriram Ravichandran, Oliver C. Cohen, Steven Law, Darren Foard, Marianna Fontana, Ana Martinez-Naharro, Carol Whelan, Julian D. Gillmore, Helen J. Lachmann, Sajitha Sachchithanantham, Shameem Mahmood, Philip N. Hawkins, Ashutosh D. Wechalekar
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2021)

Abstract The outcomes in systemic AL amyloidosis are dependent on the depth of haematologic response. However, there is limited data on the impact of the speed of response on outcomes. Here we report the impact of speed of response in a cohort of AL patients treated with upfront Bortezomib. Patients seen from February 2010 until August 2019 are included in the present analysis. 1194 &amp; 1133 patients comprised the ITT and 1-month landmark cohorts. In the landmark cohort, 137 (11.5%), 270 (22.6%), 252 (21.1%) and 352 (31.1%) patients had a CR, VGPR, PR and NR at 1-month. Patients with ≥ VGPR at 1-month had significantly better survival (median not reached; at the end of 1, 2, 5,10 years, 87%/92%, 83%/87%, 68%/72% and 63%/58% of patients in CR/VGPR, respectively, were alive) compared to those with a PR (median OS 60 months) or NR (median OS 32 months) ( p &lt; 0.005). At 1-month, patients with CR and iFLC &lt; 20 mg/l had a significantly better survival compared to CR and iFLC &gt; 20 mg/l ( p = 0.005). Reaching ≥ VGPR at 1-month significantly improved survival in all Mayo disease stages. In conclusion, patients achieving an early deep haematologic response have a significantly superior survival irrespective of cardiac involvement.
Sales of antibiotics and hydroxychloroquine in India during the COVID-19 epidemic: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Giorgia Sulis, Brice Batomen, Anita Kotwani, Madhukar Pai, Sumanth Gandra
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2021)

Background We assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in India on the consumption of antibiotics and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the private sector in 2020 compared to the expected level of use had the epidemic not occurred. Methods and findings We performed interrupted time series (ITS) analyses of sales volumes reported in standard units (i.e., doses), collected at regular monthly intervals from January 2018 to December 2020 and obtained from IQVIA, India. As children are less prone to develop symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we hypothesized a predominant increase in non-child-appropriate formulation (non-CAF) sales. COVID-19-attributable changes in the level and trend of monthly sales of total antibiotics, azithromycin, and HCQ were estimated, accounting for seasonality and lockdown period where appropriate. A total of 16,290 million doses of antibiotics were sold in India in 2020, which is slightly less than the amount in 2018 and 2019. However, the proportion of non-CAF antibiotics increased from 72.5% (95% CI: 71.8% to 73.1%) in 2019 to 76.8% (95% CI: 76.2% to 77.5%) in 2020. Our ITS analyses estimated that COVID-19 likely contributed to 216.4 million (95% CI: 68.0 to 364.8 million; P = 0.008) excess doses of non-CAF antibiotics and 38.0 million (95% CI: 26.4 to 49.2 million; P &lt; 0.001) excess doses of non-CAF azithromycin (equivalent to a minimum of 6.2 million azithromycin treatment courses) between June and September 2020, i.e., until the peak of the first epidemic wave, after which a negative change in trend was identified. In March 2020, we estimated a COVID-19-attributable change in level of +11.1 million doses (95% CI: 9.2 to 13.0 million; P &lt; 0.001) for HCQ sales, whereas a weak negative change in monthly trend was found for this drug. Study limitations include the lack of coverage of the public healthcare sector, the inability to distinguish antibiotic and HCQ sales in inpatient versus outpatient care, and the suboptimal number of pre- and post-epidemic data points, which could have prevented an accurate adjustment for seasonal trends despite the robustness of our statistical approaches. Conclusions A significant increase in non-CAF antibiotic sales, and particularly azithromycin, occurred during the peak phase of the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in India, indicating the need for urgent antibiotic stewardship measures.
Identification of optimal therapeutic window for steroid use in severe alcohol-associated hepatitis: A worldwide study
Authors: Juan Pablo Arab, Luis Antonio Díaz, Natalia Baeza, Francisco Idalsoaga, Eduardo Fuentes-López, Jorge Arnold, Carolina A. Ramírez, Dalia Morales-Arraez, Meritxell Ventura-Cots, Edilmar Alvarado-Tapias, Wei Zhang, Virginia Clark, Douglas Simonetto, Joseph C. Ahn, Seth Buryska, Tej I. Mehta, Horia Stefanescu, Adelina Horhat, Andreea Bumbu, Winston Dunn, Bashar Attar, Rohit Agrawal, Zohaib Syed Haque, Muhammad Majeed, Joaquín Cabezas, Inés García-Carrera, Richard Parker, Berta Cuyàs, Maria Poca, German Soriano, Shiv K. Sarin, Rakhi Maiwall, Prasun K. Jalal, Saba Abdulsada, María Fátima Higuera-de la Tijera, Anand V. Kulkarni, P Nagaraja Rao, Patricia Guerra Salazar, Lubomir Skladaný, Natália Bystrianska, Veronica Prado, Ana Clemente-Sanchez, Diego Rincón, Tehseen Haider, Kristina R. Chacko, Fernando Cairo, Marcela de Sousa Coelho, Gustavo A. Romero, Florencia D. Pollarsky, Juan Carlos Restrepo, Susana Castro-Sanchez, Luis G. Toro, Pamela Yaquich, Manuel Mendizabal, Maria Laura Garrido, Adrián Narvaez, Fernando Bessone, Julio Santiago Marcelo, Diego Piombino, Melisa Dirchwolf, Juan Pablo Arancibia, José Altamirano, Won Kim, Roberta C. Araujo, Andrés Duarte-Rojo, Victor Vargas, Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Tazime Issoufaly, Felipe Zamarripa, Aldo Torre, Michael R. Lucey, Philippe Mathurin, Alexandre Louvet, Guadalupe García-Tsao, José Alberto González, Elizabeth Verna, Robert S. Brown, Juan Pablo Roblero, Juan G. Abraldes, Marco Arrese, Vijay H. Shah, Patrick S. Kamath, Ashwani K. Singal, Ramon Bataller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2021)
Sixty seconds on . . . Wembley
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Is football coming home?Yes, 60 000 footie fans have got the green light to go to Wembley Stadium for the UEFA Euro 2020 semi-finals and final on 6, 7, and 11 July and will set a new record for the largest crowds assembled at a sporting event in the UK in over 15 months. 1 So, the results of the pilot trials have finally dribbled in?Not quite.Despite the fact that many events in the government's "world leading events research programme" have now taken place-such as the FA Cup semi-final at Wembley on 17 April and the BRIT awards at the O2 in London on 11 May-publication of the results remains elusive. VAR needed!Four pilots in Liverpool in April and May, which involved 13 258 people, were hailed a success by local health bosses who said that there was no substantial spread of the virus around the festivals and nightclub events. 2 Only five people were turned away because they had a positive lateral flow test (LFT) before an event.Of the 25% and 43% of attendees who took up offers of polymerase chain reaction tests on the day of the event and five days later, just four tested positive on the day and seven after the event. It's a game of two halves, isn't it?LFTs have attracted as much controversy as a penalty decision.Jon Deeks, professor of biostatistics at the University of Birmingham, said for all attendees LFTs would have missed 70% of cases (5 out 17).The numbers were small because the prevalence of covid-19 in Liverpool at the time was low.
A Study of Scalds in Birmingham
Authors: C G Cason
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1990)

The causes of serious domestic scald injuries in Birmingham were studied for one year. Seventy-eight people sustained such scalds, 11 adults and 67 children. Only 51 of the patients received satisfactory first aid. Most accidents could have been avoided and the severity of the injury would have been less if appropriate first aid had been given.
Multiphysics Computational Modelling of the Cardiac Ventricles
Authors: Azam Ahmad Bakir, Amr Al Abed, Nigel H. Lovell, Socrates Dokos
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2021)

Development of cardiac multiphysics models has progressed significantly over the decades and simulations combining multiple physics interactions have become increasingly common. In this review, we summarise the progress in this field focusing on various approaches of integrating ventricular structures. electrophysiological properties, myocardial mechanics, as well as incorporating blood hemodynamics and the circulatory system. Common coupling approaches are discussed and compared, including the advantages and shortcomings of each. Currently used strategies for patient-specific implementations are highlighted and potential future improvements considered.
Inpatient Notes: Clinical Pearls-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Steven Yc Tong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

A 35-year-old man presented with worsening lumbar back pain over 10 days. He had a history of active injection drug use. On examination, his temperature was 38.9Â°C, heart rate was 120 beats/min, blood pressure was 115/65 mm Hg, and respiratory rate was 24 breaths/min. No cardiac murmurs were evident. He exhibited tenderness to palpation in the lumbar region. Neurologic examination was normal. Two sets of blood cultures were obtained, and both isolated gram-positive cocci in clusters. Magnetic resonance imaging showed discitis of the L1 to L2 intervertebral disk and an epidural collection anterior to the theca from T12 to L2 without compression of the spinal cord. A neurosurgical consultant recommended observation and medical therapy in the absence of neurologic signs or radiologic evidence of spinal cord compression.
Moving forward for incidental pulmonary embolism in cancer patients
Authors: Caio Julio Cesar dos Santos Fernandes, Francis Couturaud
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>Incidental pulmonary embolism in cancer patients remains a challenge. Since its prognosis appears to differ from symptomatic PE, optimal anticoagulation strategies, including distinct anticoagulant dosage and duration, need to be better elucidated.</b>https://bit.ly/3qnycpS