tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The utility of contrast echocardiographic techniques in the care of critically ill infants with cardiac and pulmonary disease.
Authors: D JSahn, H DAllen, WGeorge, MMason, S JGoldberg
Journal: Circulation (1977)

In order to assess the utility of contrast M-mode echocardiography in an intensive care nursery population of critically ill newborns with cardiac and pulmonary disease and to validate contrast echo methods, we performed 200 serial contrast echoes on 40 infants via umbilical arterial or venous catheters which had been placed into these infants for clinical indications. The resulting contrast echoes recorded from the precordium or the suprasternal notch allowed the delineation of intra- and extracardiac right-to-left and left-to-right shunting patterns. Patterns identified and validated by cardiac catheterization (in cardiac patients) were: right-to-left atrial shunts, right-to-left ventricular shunts, and left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus shunts. The studies were without complication. Serial application of these echocardiographic techniques was extremely important in assessing changing physiology in these neonates. Contrast echocardiography adds physiologic flow information to the anatomical informat...
Right ventricular growth in a case of pulmonic stenosis with intact ventricular septum and hypoplastic right ventricle.
Authors: P SRao, JLiebman, GBorkat
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Adequate growth of the hypoplastic right ventricle in a patient with severe pulmonary stenosis with an intact ventricular septum was documented after pulmonary valvotomy in infancy. It is postulated that the growth of the ventricular chamber is largely the result of pulmonary regurgitation resulting from successful pulmonary valvotomy. Based on this and the observations of others on the growth of the hypoplastic right ventricle in pulmonary atresia (with intact septum) cases, an organized approach to eventual total surgical correction is recommended.
Electrical and mechanical alternans in canine myocardium in vivo. Dependence on intracellular calcium cycling.
Authors: YHirayama, HSaitoh, HAtarashi, HHayakawa
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDElectrical and mechanical alternans are thought to result from a common cellular mechanism. To confirm this phenomenon in vivo and extend our understanding, we investigated the effects of temperature, verapamil, and caffeine on alternans in intact beating hearts.METHODS AND RESULTSWe recorded surface ECG, monophasic action potential (MAP) using suction electrodes, and left ventricular pressure (LVP). Alternans of MAP configurations and of LVP were evaluated in 20 dogs. MAPs were recorded from the apex, base, and midportion of the left ventricle with LVP. The hearts were driven from the left ventricular apex at a basic cycle length of 1000 milliseconds, and alternans was induced with an abrupt shortening of the cycle length to 400 milliseconds. MAPD30/100, the ratio between the MAP durations (MAPD) at 30% and 100% repolarization levels, was measured as an index of MAP configuration. The magnitude of MAP or LVP alternans was defined as the difference in MAPD30/100 or in LVP between the fifth and s...
Echocardiographic assessment of left-to-right shunt volume in children with ventricular septal defect.
Authors: A BLewis, MTakahashi
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Echocardiograms were performed in 20 infants and children with isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD) undergoing cardiac catheterization. The magnitude of the left-to-right shunt was expressed as the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Os) and was compared to a ratio of the echographic left atrial (LA) diameter to the aortic root (Ao) diameter (LA/Ao). The Qp/Qs was also compared to LA/m2. Thirty-three normal children served as controls. The LA/m2 and Ao/m2 were significantly larger in normal infants under one year of age than in children above one year. The LA/Ao, however, was not influenced by age or size. A strong linear relationship was found between Qp/Qs and the LA/Ao (r = 0.96). The LA/Ao measurement appears to be helpful in the noninvasive assessment of the left-to-right shunt in patients with VSD.
Patterns of interaction between anthraquinone drugs and the calcium-release channel from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Authors: S RHolmberg, A JWilliams
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We have studied the effects of clinically useful anthraquinones on the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-release channel. Micromolar concentrations of doxorubicin and other anthracyclines at the cytosolic face of the channel significantly and reversibly increase the open probability of single channels in artificial phospholipid bilayers. Lifetime analysis shows that anthracyclines and calcium are synergistic activators of the calcium-release channel. Radiolabeled ryanodine binding suggests that all the anthracyclines studied are equally potent as channel activators in vitro. Mitoxantrone, an anthracenedione derivative, variably increases channel open probability at low (1-10 microM) concentrations. Higher concentrations are associated with the appearance of channel currents with lower amplitudes than the fully open state, and normal openings are reduced in frequency. At these concentrations, the interaction of mitoxantrone with the channel reduces the level of ryanodine binding. Abnormal function of ...
Modernizing Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria: Recommendations of the ASCO–Friends of Cancer Research Prior Therapies Work Group
Authors: Raymond U. Osarogiagbon, Diana Merino Vega, Lola Fashoyin-Aje, Suparna Wedam, Gwynn Ison, Sol Atienza, Peter De Porre, Tithi Biswas, Jamie N. Holloway, David S. Hong, Madison M. Wempe, Richard L. Schilsky, Edward S. Kim, James L. Wade
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: Restrictive eligibility criteria induce differences between clinical trial and “real-world” treatment populations. Restrictions based on prior therapies are common; minimizing them when appropriate may increase patient participation in clinical trials. Experimental Design: A multi-stakeholder working group developed a conceptual framework to guide evaluation of prevailing practices with respect to using prior treatment as selection criteria for clinical trials. The working group made recommendations to minimize restrictions based on prior therapies within the boundaries of scientific validity, patient centeredness, distributive justice, and beneficence. Recommendations: (i) Patients are eligible for clinical trials regardless of the number or type of prior therapies and without requiring a specific therapy prior to enrollment unless a scientific or clinically based rationale is provided as justification. (ii) Prior therapy (either limits on number and type of prior therapies or requirements for specific therapies before enrollment) could be used to determine eligibility in the following cases: a) the agents being studied target a specific mechanism or pathway that could potentially interact with a prior therapy; b) the study design requires that all patients begin protocol-specified treatment at the same point in the disease trajectory; and c) in randomized clinical studies, if the therapy in the control arm is not appropriate for the patient due to previous therapies received. (iii) Trial designers should consider conducting evaluation separately from the primary endpoint analysis for participants who have received prior therapies. Conclusions: Clinical trial sponsors and regulators should thoughtfully reexamine the use of prior therapy exposure as selection criteria to maximize clinical trial participation. See related commentary by Giantonio, p. 2369
Features of the exercise test that reflect the activity of ischemic heart disease out of hospital.
Authors: SCampbell, JBarry, M BRocco, E GNabel, KMead-Walters, G SRebecca, A PSelwyn
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To better understand the relationship between the transient myocardial ischemia seen during an exercise test and ischemic activity out of hospital, 39 patients with well-documented coronary artery disease underwent standard treadmill exercise testing (Bruce protocol) and 24 to 48 hr of continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring during normal daily activities. A total of 245 episodes of transient ischemia were recorded in 21 of 32 patients with positive exercise electrocardiograms (group I), whereas seven patients with negative test results (group II) had no episodes of transient ischemia, during monitoring out of hospital (p less than .01). Certain measures in the exercise test were related to the severity of ischemia out of hospital: there were more episodes and a greater total duration of transient ischemia per 24 hr of ambulatory monitoring in patients who developed ischemic electrocardiographic changes before 6 min of exercise (p less than or equal to .021) or at a heart rate of less than 1...
Comparison of the Microbiome Diversity in Gastric Cancer Patients and in Non-Cancerous Patients
Authors: EJ Bang, B Keum, S Kim, KW Lee, HJ Jeon, JM Lee, HS Choi, ES Kim, YT Jeen, HJ Chun, HS Lee, CD Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Gastric cancer is the most common cancer in Korea. The most clearly known microbiologic factor is Helocibacter pylori and it is the leading cause of gastric cancer. According to studies, H.pylori is rarely detected in atrophic mucosa. This suggests that hypochlorhydric condition created by H.pylori may provide suitable environment for carcinogenesis. This raises a question about possibility that bacteria other than H.pylori could contribute to carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. Based on the hypothesis that certain microbiome may accelerate carcinogenesis, we intend to observe the differences in the distribution of microbiomes in gastric cancer patients and normal patients.
Postnatal development of the M-band in rat cardiac myofibrils.
Authors: PAnversa, GOlivetti, P GBracchi, A VLoud
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Cardiac muscle fibers in rats at 1 and 5 days after birth showed little evidence of M-bands. An ultrastructural analysis of myofibrils failed to demonstrate dense M-band material in longitudinal sections or M-bridges in transverse sections of sarcomeres. M-bands began to increase in number after 5 days of postnatal life and were present in 60% of all sarcomeres at 11 days of age. Polypeptides with molecular weights of 190,000 (Ma) and 175,000 (Mb) were obtained by polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis of myofibril preparations. These two proteins were found in both 1- and 11-day-old rats and were considered to be specific components of the M-band. The densitometric analysis demonstrated that Ma and mb polypeptides increased approximately 2-fold during the interval from 1 to 11 days after birth. These structural and biochemical changes of the M-band material in myocytes appear to be related to the maturation of contractile function in the young heart.
Nontuberculosis mycobacteria infections: would there be pharmacodynamics without pharmacokinetics?
Authors: Hannah Yejin Kim, Vitali Sintchenko, Jan-Willem Alffenaar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2019)

We read with great interest the recent publication by Kwak et al. [1] involving a meta-analysis of studies reporting treatment outcomes for Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease (MAB-PD). The authors should be commended for identifying the association between azithromycin, amikacin and imipenem, and improved clinical outcome in MAB-PD. A combination of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is required to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus <http://bit.ly/2OGwS3C>
A Comparison of Familial and Sporadic Type 1 Diabetes Among Young Patients
Authors: Beate Karges, Nicole Prinz, Kerstin Placzek, Nicolin Datz, Matthias Papsch, Ursula Strier, Dirk Agena, Walter Bonfig, Heiner Kentrup, Reinhard W. Holl
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE To investigate natural course, treatment, and outcomes in familial versus sporadic type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a population-based study, we compared patients with onset of type 1 diabetes before the age of 20 years who had a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes (familial diabetes) with patients with type 1 diabetes who had no first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes (sporadic diabetes) at diagnosis and over the first 10 treatment years, using multivariable regression and proportional hazards models. Patients were identified from the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry (DPV) between 1995 and 2018. RESULTS Of 57,371 patients with type 1 diabetes, 53,606 (93.4%) had sporadic diabetes and 3,765 (6.6%) had familial diabetes. Familial diabetes, compared with sporadic diabetes, was associated with younger age (median 7.9 vs. 9.7 years, P &amp;lt; 0.001), lower prevalence of ketoacidosis (11.9% vs. 20.4%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and lower HbA1c levels (9.7% vs. 11.1%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) at onset and higher prevalence of associated autoimmune disease (16.7% vs. 13.6%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Over 10 years, patients with familial diabetes, in comparison with sporadic diabetes, more often used insulin pumps (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and had a lower rate of severe hypoglycemia (12.97 vs. 14.44 per 100 patient-years, P &amp;lt; 0.001) but similar HbA1c levels (P ≥ 0.08) and ketoacidosis rates (1.85 vs. 2.06 per 100 patient-years, P = 0.11). In familial and sporadic diabetes, absence of ketoacidosis at onset predicted fewer events of severe hypoglycemia (hazard ratio [HR] 0.67, P &amp;lt; 0.001, and 0.91, P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively) and of ketoacidosis (HR 0.64, P = 0.007, and 0.66, P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively) after 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Familial type 1 diabetes, compared with sporadic type 1 diabetes, is characterized by earlier disease manifestation and higher autoimmune comorbidity as well as less metabolic decompensation at onset, likely related to higher disease awareness in affected families, while the course of disease is similar. These findings may have implications for the generalizability of results of diabetes prevention trials from patients with familial type 1 diabetes to patients with sporadic type 1 diabetes.
Manipulation of ascending aortic pressure and flow wave reflections with the Valsalva maneuver: relationship to input impedance.
Authors: J PMurgo, NWesterhof, J PGiolma, S AAltobelli
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Dramatic changes in the shape of pulsatile ascending aortic pressure and flow wave forms occur during the Valsalva maneuver in man. To study these changes, aortic pressure and flow signals were recorded in eight patients using a multisensor catheter. Aortic input impedance was derived during the control, strain and postrelease phases of the Valsalva maneuver. During control, well-defined minima and maxima occurred in the spectral plots of impedance moduli. This pattern was accentuated during the postrelease phase. In contrast, input impedance during strain was almost equal to the characteristic impedance for all harmonics. These results imply that during the control and postrelease phases, strong reflections return to the ascending aorta, but during the strain phase, reflections are minimal, absent or more diffuse. From wave transmission theory, it also follows that pulsatile pressure and flow wave forms should be similar in shape in the absence of reflections and dissimilar in the presence of reflections...
Combined adenosine and lidocaine administration limits myocardial reperfusion injury.
Authors: J WHomeister, P THoff, D DFletcher, B RLucchesi
Journal: Circulation (1990)

The endogenous compound adenosine may play a role in limiting myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through its ability to cause vasodilation, modulate cardiac adrenergic responses, inhibit neutrophil function, or modulate energy supply and demand of the myocardium. The local anesthetic lidocaine has been shown to be protective against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, although its mechanism of action remains unresolved. We hypothesized that administration of exogenous adenosine during reperfusion would limit the size of the infarct that results from a period of ischemia and reperfusion only when the animals are treated with lidocaine. Male, mongrel dogs (13.0-20.0 kg) were anesthetized (30 mg/kg i.v. sodium pentobarbital), and a left thoracotomy was performed. The left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) was isolated and instrumented with an electromagnetic flow probe, a 25-gauge nonobstructing intracoronary catheter, and a critical stenosis. The dogs were allocated randomly to one of four groups: 1)...
Modulation of procainamide's effect on cardiac conduction in dogs by extracellular potassium concentration. A quantitative analysis.
Authors: CVillemaire, SNattel
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDAntiarrhythmic drugs are known to have state-dependent interactions with cardiac sodium channels, and these have potentially important implications for drug effects on cardiac conduction, particularly in situations of changed resting potential and heart rate. Recent advances in theoretical approaches permit beat-to-beat changes in sodium channel block to be inferred from conduction changes in vivo and allow for an analysis of state-dependent drug action from conduction changes occurring on the onset of pacing at different rates. The purpose of the present study was to use this method to analyze the interaction between hyperkalemia and procainamide's sodium channel-blocking action in terms of resulting changes in left ventricular conduction.METHODS AND RESULTSEpicardial mapping with a 56-electrode array was used to assess ventricular conduction in open chest, anesthetized mongrel dogs with Formalin-induced atrioventricular block. Procainamide was infused as a series of loading and maintenance inf...
Re: Predictive Value of Symptoms for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Rodrigo Valdes, Giuseppe Del Priore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

The recent article by Rossing et al. (1) raises familiar concerns regarding basic principles on screening. Despite a universally acknowledged deficiency (ie, no premalignant condition), investigators continue to attempt to “screen” for earlier stage ovarian cancer and not for a premalignant condition. These efforts are commendable, and more research should be encouraged. In fairly recent reports (1,2) on the early detection of ovarian cancer by symptoms, the consensus recommendations state that in a woman with ovarian cancer symptoms that include bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, and urinary urgency or frequency almost daily for more than a few weeks should consult her physician with the hope that prompt evaluation may lead to earlier diagnosis of ovarian cancer and improved outcomes. However, even the carefully
Hemodynamic factors influencing arterial hypoxemia in massive pulmonary embolism with circulatory failure.
Authors: FJardin, FGurdjian, PDesfonds, J LFouilladieu, AMargairaz
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Arterial hypoxemia is a common finding in acute pulmonary embolism, and its severity is generally assumed to be proportional to the extent of pulmonary artery obstruction. We studied blood gases (during room air breathing and 100% oxygen breathing) and hemodynamic data is seven patients with massive pulmonary embolism and circulatory failure. All measurements were made before and 30 minutes after medical therapy of shock. We observed that a low cardiac output state can result in a misleading improvement in arterial oxygenation during massive pulmonary embolism, and that an improved circulatory status resulting from medical therapy (including inotropic drug infusion with or without blood volume expansion) can paradoxically increase arterial hypoxemia. We conclude that severity of arterial hypoxemia may not reflect the severity of pulmonary artery obstruction in acute pulmonary embolism if shock is present.
Cardiac Outcomes After Treatment for Depression in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome—Reply
Authors: Jae-Min Kim, Robert Stewart, Jin-Sang Yoon
Journal: JAMA (2018)

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Developmental changes in the cardiac effects of amrinone in the dog.
Authors: OBinah, M JLegato, PDanilo, M RRosen
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Amrinone, a bipyridine compound, has been shown to exert a positive inotropic effect on the heart, without producing cardiac arrhythmias. Because of preliminary observations suggesting that the actions of amrinone might change significantly with growth and development, we studied its effects on the contractility and electrophysiology of isolated cardiac muscle of 0- to 96-day-old beagles and Purkinje fibers of 5-year-old beagles. Amrinone's effects on ventricular muscle contractility were age-related. A significant decrease in contractility of right ventricular trabeculae and papillary muscles (not associated with changes in action potential characteristics) was observed in the 0- to 3-day newborn, whereas, by day 4-10, amrinone increased contractility. The magnitude of the increase became greater through day 96 of life. The negative inotropic effect of amrinone is unassociated with changes in the action potential plateau, suggesting that the slow inward current is not involved in this mechanism.
Anomalies of the aortic arch and ventricular septal defects.
Authors: A JMoulaert, C CBruins, AOppenheimer-Dekker
Journal: Circulation (1976)

This investigation presents additional evidence for the hemodynamic influence of intracardiac anomalies on the development of the aortic arch, based on measurements of different parts of the great vessels. Criteria are given to define the normal aortic arch and the different anomalies of the aortic arch, such as interruption, atresia, tubular hypoplasia, hypoplasia, abnormal long segment and juxtaductal coarctation. Two types of of malignment venentricular septal defects are described to illustrate how prenatal intracardiac flow disturbances can account for various aortic arch patterns. An explanation is proposed as to how reduced blood flow through the embryonic preductal aorta may contribute to the pathogenesis of all dimensional anomalies of the aortic arch.