tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polymicrobial enteric infections in African infants with diarrhoea—results from a longitudinal prospective case–control study
Authors: Melina Heinemann, Cornelia Strauchs, Marc Lütgehetmann, Martin Aepfelbacher, Eva-Maria Klupp, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Thierry Rolling, Jakob P. Cramer, Christof D. Vinnemeier
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2021)

This longitudinal case-control study aimed to determine the frequency of polymicrobial enteric detections in Ghanaian infants with and without diarrhoea.Infants aged 1-12 months with and without diarrhoea attending the outpatient department of a peri-urban Ghanaian hospital were prospectively assessed and stool samples were collected on days 0, 6 and 28 and analysed for 18 enteric pathogens with PCR.At least one enteric pathogen was detected in 100 of 107 cases with diarrhoea (93%) and in 82 of 97 controls (85%). The number of pathogens was higher in cases than in controls (median three versus two pathogens, p 0.001). The adjusted attributable fraction (AF) for diarrhoea was highest for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (7.2%, 95% CI -2.0% to 16.3%), rotavirus (4.1%, 95% CI 0.6%-7.5%), Giardia lamblia (2.3%, 95% CI -0.7 to 5.3%) and astrovirus (2.3%, 95% CI -2.9 to 7.5%). In cases, a higher pathogen number was significantly associated with watery stool consistency (median 3, interquartile range (IQR) 2-5 versus median 2.5, IQR 1-4, p 0.014), stool frequency five or more per day (median 4, IQR 3-5 versus median 3, IQR 2-4, p 0.048) and vomiting (median 4, IQR 3-5 versus median 3, IQR 2-4, p 0.025). During follow-up, 94% (78/83) of cases and 85% (67/79) of controls had acquired at least one new pathogen without developing a new episode of diarrhoea.Enteric pathogens could be identified in the stool of the vast majority of Ghanaian infants, whereby pathogens were very frequently acquired without resulting in new episodes of diarrhoea during follow-up. A higher number of co-occurring pathogens may increase the risk of diarrhoea and disease severity.
Myocardial metabolic studies in prolapsing mitral leaflet syndrome.
Authors: GNatarajan, F KNakhjavan, DKahn, SYazdanfar, WSahibzada, FKhawaja, HGoldberg
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Patients with prolapsing mitral leaflet syndrome (PML) frequently have chest pain of undetermined etiology. Twenty-three patients with PML underwent cardiac hemodynamic, angiographic, and metabolic studies. The latter were performed during control spontaneous heart rate and tachycardia by right atrial pacing. Myocardial supply-demand ratio (DPTI:SPTI) was estimated from the planimetric integration of the diastolic area (diastolic pressure time index = DPTI) and systolic area (systolic pressure time index = SPTI) of the central aortic pressure. Chest pain during pacing occurred in five patients. In two patients, it was associated with ST depression typical of ischemia on the electrocardiogram. Myocardial lactate abnormalities (lactate production or less than 10% extraction) occurred in seven patients during pacing tachycardia and was present in two patients during control state. DPTI:SPTI ratio during control state was 1.22 (+/- 0.07 SE) and decreased to 0.85 (+/- 0.05 SE) during pacing tachycardia. It is ...
Coronary Heart Disease: Clinical, Angiographic and Pathologic Profiles.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The field of coronary artery disease is sorely in need of greater attention by radiologists. This book could provide much-needed stimulation with its superb cut-film reproductions which are a tribute to the demanding approach by Dr. Amplatz. The precise angiography shown is not often seen in treatises on this condition. Basically, the book is a large-format case atlas containing a profusion of radiographs, electrocardiograms, and pathological sections, and photomicrographs. Although it is primarily devoted to arteriosclerotic occlusive disease, there is also a section on congenital variants and anomalies. Large areas of unused space obviously allow for future insertion of new material in subsequent editions without increasing the size of the book, and I have found them useful for notes on my own cases. Line drawings are extensively used to explain the angiograms for the student who is unfamiliar with the appearance and position of the major vessels and their branches. Inside the front cover is a long list of abbreviations relating to the illustrations, which at first seems cumbersome, but once learned is a handy tool. A list of  units for blood tests is also given to clarify clinical information used in the case presentations; however, it lacks the normal ranges for each, which would be helpful. The reproductions of gross and microscopic specimens are excellent, and there is a good correlation with the radiographs. However, some of the radiographs are not  projections, such as the lateral view for right coronary injections, and the reader should bear this in mind. Although the RAO views of the right coronary injections tend to be steeper (45°) than those usually encountered clinically, there are nearly as many standard views in use today as there are coronary angiographers. Unfortunately, there are also quite a few mislabeled and reversed radiographs, and the uninitiated are advised to proceed with caution. A list of errata should be issued by the publisher. Also, I would like to have seen a more detailed discussion of the anomalous origin and course of the left coronary system between the pulmonary artery and aorta, as has been described in cases of sudden death in young people, particularly athletes. The electrocardiograms are generally clear and accurate and relate well to the cases presented. Some readers may use a different terminology, but this is a minor point. On the whole, the book is an excellent addition to the field and recommended to the practicing radiologist.
Effects of rapid stimulation on the transmembrane action potentials of rabbit sinus node pacemaker cells.
Authors: IKodama, JGoto, SAndo, JToyama, KYamada
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

We studied the mechanism of post-overdrive suppression in superfused rabbit sinus node pacemaker cells. Small specimens of sinus node tissue isolated from rabbit hearts were driven at a fast rate (overdrive) for 10-120 seconds using single sucrose gap methods. During the control perfusion (35 degrees C Tyrode's solution), overdrive caused a progressive decrease in maximum diastolic potential (MDP), overshoot (OS), and maximum rate of depolarization at phase 0 [dV/dt)max]. After cessation of the overdrive, the rate of diastolic depolarization decreased, and the spontaneous activity was suppressed temporarily (post-overdrive suppression). MDP, OS, (dV/dt)max, and the spontaneous activity returned within a few seconds to the level observed before overdrive. Atropine (2 x 10(-6) g/ml) did not influence the effects of overdrive. After ouabain administration (3 x 10(-7) g/ml) or in low temperature perfusate (25 degrees C), the effects of overdrive were accentuated, and a marked suppression of spontaneous activi...
Hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: D OWilliams, E AAmsterdam, D TMason
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Nitroglycerin (NTG) has recently been suggested to decrease myocardial ischemia and enhance cardiac pump function during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To evaluate the sublingual agnet in this condition, the hemodynamic effects of 0.4 mg NTG administered to 16 supine patients during the first 72 hours of AMI were determined serially 5, 10 to 15, and 20 to 30 minutes post-NTG. Data were evaluated for the entire group, as well as for six patients with normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAW) (less than or equal to 12 mm Hg; mean 7) who formed group I and for ten patients with elevated PAW (greater than 12 MM Hg; mean 19) who comprised group II. In the 16 patients, NTG resulted in significant decreases in PAW (14 TO 7 MM Hg; P less than .01), mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) (95 TO 82 MM Hg; P less than .01), cardiac index (CI) (1.79 TO 1.46 L/min/m-2; P less than .02), stroke index (SI) (24 TO 18 CC/M-2; P less than .01) and stroke work index (SWI) (27 TO 20 GM TIMES M/M-2; P less than .01). Th...
Magnesium suppression of early afterdepolarizations and ventricular tachyarrhythmias induced by cesium in dogs.
Authors: D SBailie, HInoue, SKaseda, JBen-David, D PZipes
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The mechanism by which magnesium therapy suppresses some ventricular tachyarrhythmias characterized by a prolonged QT interval (e.g., torsades de pointes) is unknown. Since early afterdepolarizations have been proposed as a cause of the long QT syndrome and the related ventricular tachyarrhythmias, we hypothesized that magnesium therapy would suppress both the early afterdepolarizations and the ventricular arrhythmias. The present study was performed to test that hypothesis. Using monophasic action potentials (MAP) recorded with a contact electrode from the right ventricular endocardium to demonstrate early afterdepolarizations, cesium chloride (168 mg/kg iv) was administered before, during, and 1 to 2 hr after discontinuation of a magnesium infusion (1 to 2 mg/kg/min for 20 to 30 min). Before magnesium infusion, cesium induced early afterdepolarizations that were 49.7 +/- 1.6% (mean +/- SE) of the amplitude of the corresponding monophasic action potential. The amplitude of the early afterdepolarization d...
Attack rates amongst household members of outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 in Bergen, Norway: A case-ascertained study
Authors: Kanika Kuwelker, Fan Zhou, Bjørn Blomberg, Sarah Lartey, Karl Albert Brokstad, Mai Chi Trieu, Amit Bansal, Anders Madsen, Florian Krammer, Kristin GI Mohn, Camilla Tøndel, Dagrunn Waag Linchausen, Rebecca J. Cox, Nina Langeland, Annette Corydon, Francisco Real, Geir Bredholt, Hauke Bartsch, Helene Heitmann Sandnes, Juha Vahokoski, Kjerstin Jacobsen, Marianne Eidsheim, Marianne Sævik, Nina Urke Ertesvåg, Synnøve Ygre Hauge, Therese Bredholt Onyango
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)
Serum aminoterminal type III procollagen peptide reflects repair after acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: L TJensen, KHørslev-Petersen, PToft, K DBentsen, PGrande, E ESimonsen, ILorenzen
Journal: Circulation (1990)

In 16 patients with acute myocardial infarction and in 15 controls, procollagen type III aminoterminal peptide in serum (PIIINP) was measured consecutively. Serum PIIINP was increased on the second to third postinfarction day (p less than 0.01) and remained elevated for more than 4 months. Peak values were observed on the third to seventh postinfarction day. The individual peak changes were correlated to infarction size calculated from serum CK-MB and serum lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.60, p = 0.02). The changes in distribution of PIIINP-related antigens in serum after gel chromatography were similar to changes observed during wound healing in humans. PIIINP is cleaved off procollagen type III during the biosynthesis of type III collagen, which characterizes the early stages of repair and inflammation. Our findings suggest that serum PIIINP reflects the repair processes and scar formation following acute myocardial infarction. The serum PIIINP alterations in acute myocardial infarction differ essentially ...
Helen Rae Noblett
Authors: Richard Spicer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Helen Rae Noblett was a pioneering paediatric surgeon who came from Australia in 1976 to establish the specialty in Bristol. She trained in Brisbane and Melbourne. She had already made a name for herself while in Australia at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, by developing advances in the management of oesophageal atresia, and two landmark publications in the area of neonatal …
Specific block of the anti-ischemic actions of cromakalim by sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate.
Authors: J RMcCullough, D ENormandin, M LConder, P GSleph, SDzwonczyk, G JGrover
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The potassium channel activators cromakalim and pinacidil were recently shown to have anti-ischemic properties in isolated globally ischemic rat hearts. The effects of two reported blockers of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, glibenclamide (glyburide) and sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate, on the anti-ischemic efficacy of cromakalim were determined in this model. Buffer-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 25 minutes of ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Pretreatment of these hearts with 60 microM cromakalim significantly decreased indexes of contractile function but caused a significant improvement of postreperfusion function and a significant decrease in release of lactate dehydroxygenase and in end-diastolic pressure. Pretreatment with glibenclamide at concentrations that reversed the preischemic effects of cromakalim (0.05 and 1.0 microM) also significantly reversed its postischemic protective effects. Sodium 5-hydroxydecanoate (100 and 300 microM) had no effect on the preischemic (negative ino...
Developmental changes in long-opening behavior of L-type Ca2+ channels in embryonic chick heart cells.
Authors: NTohse, JMészáros, NSperelakis
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

In the early (3-day) stage of development, long-lasting openings of the L-type Ca2+ channels (mode 2) occur in embryonic chick heart cells. Since mode-2 behavior is infrequently observed in adult heart cells of other species, in the present study, developmental change in behavior of the Ca2+ channel was examined in young (3-day) and old (17-day) embryonic chick heart cells. In the whole-cell voltage clamp, the L-type Ca2+ current carried by Ca2+ ions was smaller in amplitude and had a faster inactivation in 17-day cells than in 3-day cells. The peak current density was 8.1 +/- 0.2 microA/cm2 (mean +/- SEM, n = 5) and 5.1 +/- 0.3 microA/cm2 (n = 5) in 3-day and 17-day cells, respectively. When the charge carrier was Ba2+, the L-type Ca2+ channel current density was also smaller in 17-day cells (22.7 +/- 1.8 microA/cm2) than in 3-day cells (28.3 +/- 2.1 microA/cm2). In single-channel recordings, the mode-2 behavior was infrequent in 17-day cells compared with 3-day cells. High-open probability sweeps (with ...
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (alloHCT) for Adult Patients with t(4;11)(q21;q23) <i>KMT2A/AFF1 (MLL/AF4)</i> B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in First Complete Remission (CR1): Favorable Outcome of Patients with Negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Status at Transplant. a Report from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation (ALWP-EBMT)
Authors: Jordi Esteve, Myriam Labopin, Tomasz Czerw, Depei Wu, Liisa Volin, Gérard Socié, Jean-Pierre Jouet, Johan Maertens, Jan J Cornelissen, Arnaud Pigneux, Avichai Shimoni, Rainer Schwerdtfeger, Mauricette Michallet, Nigel H. Russell, Patrice Chevallier, Antonius VMB Schattenberg, Vladimir Koza, Robin Foa, Christoph Schmid, Sebastian Giebel, Mohamad Mohty, Arnon Nagler
Journal: Blood (2017)
The relationship between proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation parameters and myocardial perfusion with acute coronary arterial occlusion and reperfusion.
Authors: A VRatner, R DOkada, J BNewell, G MPohost
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Previous investigators have demonstrated that acute myocardial ischemia, whether followed by reperfusion or not, is associated with prolongation of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times T1 and T2. Heretofore, the relationship between the severity of ischemia and alterations of these relaxation times has not been assessed. In our studies, changes in T1 and T2 were compared with myocardial perfusion in dogs both before and during 30 and 60 min of coronary arterial occlusion. In addition, studies were performed to assess the impact of reperfusion on relaxation times after 30 and 60 min of coronary occlusion. In the reperfusion studies the relationship between myocardial relaxation times and flow during the preocclusion, occlusion, and the 15 min reperfusion periods were studied. In the occlusion-only preparations, there was a significant inverse relationship between the relaxation times and flow during occlusion. In the reperfusion preparations there was a significant direct relationsh...
Chronic exercise in dogs increases coronary vascular nitric oxide production and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase gene expression.
Authors: W CSessa, KPritchard, NSeyedi, JWang, T HHintze
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Recently, we have shown that chronic exercise increases endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)/nitric oxide (NO)-mediated epicardial coronary artery dilation in response to brief occlusion and acetylcholine. This finding suggests that exercise can provide a stimulus for the enhanced production of EDRF/NO, thus possibly contributing to the beneficial effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether chronic exercise could influence the production of NO (measured as the stable degradation product, nitrite) and endothelial cell NO synthase (ECNOS) gene expression in vessels from dogs after chronic exercise. To this end, dogs were exercised by running on a treadmill (9.5 km/h for 1 hour, twice daily) for 10 days, and nitrite production in large coronary vessels and microvessels and ECNOS gene expression in aortic endothelial extracts were assessed. Acetylcholine (10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/L) dose-dependently increased the release of nitrite (in...
Verapamil diminishes action potential changes during metabolic inhibition by blocking ATP-regulated potassium currents.
Authors: SKimura, A LBassett, HXi, R JMyerburg
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Verapamil has beneficial effects on ischemic myocardium, including reduction in electrophysiological derangements, prevention of intracellular K+ loss, and preservation of high-energy phosphates, but the mechanisms underlying these actions are not clear. Recent studies have demonstrated a role of ATP-regulated K+ (KATP) current in action potential shortening and K+ loss during ischemia and metabolic inhibition. Therefore, we studied the effects of verapamil on KATP current in feline ventricular myocytes to test the hypothesis that the drug prevents ischemic electrophysiological disturbances by affecting the KATP channel. Membrane potentials and currents were recorded using standard patch-clamp techniques. During 15-minute superfusion with 1 mM CN-, action potential duration measured at 90% repolarization was reduced from 259 +/- 12 to 98 +/- 15 msec (62% reduction) in the absence of verapamil and from 266 +/- 11 to 183 +/- 16 msec (31% reduction) in the presence of 2 microM verapamil (p less than 0.01). I...
The variable echocardiographic features in aortic valve endocarditis.
Authors: T MWray
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The echocardiographic abnormalities in five cases of aortic valve endocarditis are described and are correlated with the anatomical appearance of the valve at the time of aortic valve replacement. These electrocardiographic findings are compared with those which have been reported previously in this condition. Thickening of the aortic leaflets in systole or multiple linear or coalescent aortic valve echoes in diastole are highly suggestive of valvular vegetations. Ruptured aortic leaflets may produce chaotic, high-frequency echo patterns which differ from those produced by vegetations. The specificity of these echocardiographic patterns is discussed.
Alterations in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport in the postischemic "stunned" myocardium.
Authors: S MKrause, W EJacobus, L CBecker
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

This study examined the possibility that the postischemic mechanical depression observed in the  myocardium is a result of an alteration in the control of intracellular calcium. Regional myocardial stunning was produced in five open-chest dogs by eight to twelve 5-minute occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery, alternated with 10-minute reflow periods and followed by a final 60-minute period of reperfusion. Systolic segment shortening in the postischemic zone, measured by sonomicrometry, fell from 14.9% at baseline to -1.1% at the end of reperfusion. Sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from stunned myocardium demonstrated a 17% reduction in oxalate-supported 45Ca2+ transport compared with sarcoplasmic reticulum from normal myocardium (0.93 vs. 1.12 mumol Ca2+/mg protein/min, p less than 0.005). There was also a 20% decrease in the maximal activation by Ca2+ of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase (2.46 vs. 1.96 mumol Pi/mg protein/min, p less than 0.005), and a downward shi...
An Excellent Model to Increase Adherence to Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy—With Far-reaching Implications—Reply
Authors: Akshay S. Desai
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Multicenter Assessment of Capabilities, Effectiveness and Safety of Single Operator Peroral Transpapillary Cholangiopancreaticoscopy
Authors: ED Fedorov, S Budzinskiy, S Gabriel, M Bikov, I Trusov, S Shapovalyanz, E Vorobieva, V Dinko, V Shava, D Gladishev
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Assessment of the capabilities of the SpyGlass system in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the pancreato-biliary zone.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and the canine cerebral circulation.
Authors: D AWilson, J TO'Neill, S ISaid, R JTraystman
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

A potential role for cerebrovascular nerves containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was examined in 24 anesthetized, ventilated dogs. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by either the cerebral venous outflow or microsphere method. Plasma VIP concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Hypercapnia (5% and 10% CO2) and hypoxia (7% O2) produced significant increases in cerebral venous outflow, but had no affect on arterial or cerebral venous VIP concentrations. Measurements of VIP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) made during 5% and 8% CO2 breathing also were not different from control values. VIP produced large dose-dependent increases in common carotid artery and temporalis muscle blood flow when injected or infused intraarterially; however, VIP had no effect on total or regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) within the brain when administered in a similar manner. Unilateral perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with VIP produced significant increases (range: 11-80%) in rCBF. These data are consis...
Eus Guided Gastroenterostomy To Treat Afferent Limb Obstruction Using “Controlling The Two Ends Of The Wire” Technique In Order To Avoid Covering The Biliary Anastomosis
Authors: M Lajin
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A 47-year-old female with a history of Whipple presented with afferent limb obstruction manifested as recurrent pancreatitis/cholangitis due to narrowing at the entrance to the afferent limb.