tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
S-CUDA: Self-cleansing unsupervised domain adaptation for medical image segmentation
Authors: Luyan Liu, Zhengdong Zhang, Shuai Li, Kai Ma, Yefeng Zheng
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2021)

Medical image segmentation tasks hitherto have achieved excellent progresses with large-scale datasets, which empowers us to train potent deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). However, labeling such large-scale datasets is laborious and error-prone, which leads the noisy (or incorrect) labels to be an ubiquitous problem in the real-world scenarios. In addition, data collected from different sites usually exhibit significant data distribution shift (or domain shift). As a result, noisy label and domain shift become two common problems in medical imaging application scenarios, especially in medical image segmentation, which degrade the performance of deep learning models significantly. In this paper, we identify a novel problem hidden in medical image segmentation, which is unsupervised domain adaptation on noisy labeled data, and propose a novel algorithm named "Self-Cleansing Unsupervised Domain Adaptation" (S-CDUA) to address such issue. S-CUDA sets up a realistic scenario to solve the above problems simultaneously where training data (i.e., source domain) not only shows domain shift w.r.t. unsupervised test data (i.e., target domain) but also contains noisy labels. The key idea of S-CUDA is to learn noise-excluding and domain invariant knowledge from noisy supervised data, which will be applied on the highly corrupted data for label cleansing and further data-recycling, as well as on the test data with domain shift for supervised propagation. To this end, we propose a novel framework leveraging noisy-label learning and domain adaptation techniques to cleanse the noisy labels and learn from trustable clean samples, thus enabling robust adaptation and prediction on the target domain. Specifically, we train two peer adversarial networks to identify high-confidence clean data and exchange them in companions to eliminate the error accumulation problem and narrow the domain gap simultaneously. In the meantime, the high-confidence noisy data are detected and cleansed in order to reuse the contaminated training data. Therefore, our proposed method can not only cleanse the noisy labels in the training set but also take full advantage of the existing noisy data to update the parameters of the network. For evaluation, we conduct experiments on two popular datasets (REFUGE and Drishti-GS) for optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) segmentation, and on another public multi-vendor dataset for spinal cord gray matter (SCGM) segmentation. Experimental results show that our proposed method can cleanse noisy labels efficiently and obtain a model with better generalization performance at the same time, which outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods by large margin. Our code can be found at https://github.com/zzdxjtu/S-cuda.
Evaluation of Pharmacologic Treatments for H<sub>1</sub> Antihistamine–Refractory Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Surapon Nochaiwong, Mati Chuamanochan, Chidchanok Ruengorn, Ratanaporn Awiphan, Napatra Tovanabutra, Siri Chiewchanvit
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2021)

The comparative benefits and harms of all available treatments for H1 antihistamine-refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) have not been established.To evaluate different treatment effects of pharmacologic treatments among patients with H1 antihistamine-refractory CSU.Searches were conducted of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL from inception to April 19, 2021, with no language restrictions. Gray literature from Google Scholar, ongoing trial registers, and preprint reports was added to the searches of electronic databases.Randomized clinical trials using validated measurement tools that investigated the benefits and harms of pharmacologic treatments among adolescent or adult patients with CSU who had an inadequate response to H1 antihistamines were screened for inclusion independently by 2 investigators.Two investigators independently extracted study data according to the predefined list of interests. A random-effects model was used to calculate the network estimates reported as standardized mean differences and odds ratios with corresponding 95% CIs.The primary outcomes that reflect the patient's perspective included changes in urticaria symptoms from baseline and unacceptability of treatment (all-cause dropouts).Twenty-three randomized clinical trials with 2480 participants that compared 18 different interventions or dosages and placebo were included. The standardized mean differences for change in urticaria symptoms were -1.05 (95% CI, -1.37 to -0.73) for ligelizumab, 72 mg; -1.07 (95% CI, -1.39 to -0.75) for ligelizumab, 240 mg; -0.77 (95% CI, -0.91 to -0.63) for omalizumab, 300 mg; and -0.59 (95% CI, -1.10 to -0.08) for omalizumab, 600 mg. No significant differences in treatment unacceptability were observed. With respect to benefits and harms, the network estimates illustrated that the most efficacious treatments were achieved with ligelizumab, 72 or 240 mg (large beneficial effect) and omalizumab, 300 or 600 mg (moderate beneficial effect).The findings in this meta-analysis suggest that the biologic agents ligelizumab, 72 or 240 mg, and omalizumab, 300 or 600 mg, can be recommended as effective treatments for patients with CSU who have had an inadequate response to H1 antihistamines. Head-to-head trials with high methodologic quality and harmonized design and outcome definitions are needed to help inform subsequent international guidelines for the management of CSU.
Promoting Racial Justice and Equity in Academic Medicine
Authors: Meghan B. Lane-Fall, Paris D. Butler, Kevin B. Mahoney
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Isolated Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: James H. O’Keefe, Thomas R. Kreamer, Philip G. Jones, James L. Vacek, Michael E. Gorton, Gregory F. Muehlebach, Barry D. Rutherford, Ben D. McCallister
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Single-vessel coronary artery disease is usually treated with PTCA; however, this approach when applied to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is hampered by high restenosis rates, often approaching 50%. Coronary stenting (STENT) and left internal mammary artery bypass grafting of the LAD (LIMA-LAD) are other options that have been successfully used for single-vessel LAD disease. The optimal mode of revascularization for patients with isolated single-vessel LAD disease is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine PTCA versus STENT versus LIMA-LAD with respect to short- and intermediate-term outcomes. Methods and Results —This was an observational retrospective cohort study comparing in-hospital and intermediate-term outcomes and functional class among patients with isolated single-vessel LAD disease revascularization. Consecutive eligible patients were grouped according to their initial revascularization procedure and systematically followed up. A total of 704 patients qualified for the study: 469 in the PTCA group, 137 in the STENT group, and 98 in the LIMA-LAD group. Follow-up data were complete for 97% of patients and averaged 27±13 months. In-hospital mortality for the PTCA, STENT, and LIMA-LAD groups was 1.1%, 0%, and 0% ( P =0.51), respectively. Median hospital stays after the procedure for the respective treatment groups were 1, 1, and 5 days ( P &lt;0.001), and occurrences of in-hospital myocardial infarction were 0.9%, 1.5%, and 1.0% ( P =NS). Repeat revascularization procedures were performed in 30%, 24%, and 5% of the PTCA, STENT, and LIMA-LAD groups ( P =&lt;0.001 for LIMA-LAD versus other groups, P =0.11 for PTCA versus STENT). Actuarial 2-year mortality was 3.9%, 2.6%, and 1% in the PTCA, STENT, and LIMA-LAD groups ( P =0.33). Conclusions —Revascularization for isolated LAD disease using PTCA, STENT, or LIMA-LAD results in low in-hospital adverse event rates and good long-term results. Repeat procedures are required less often after LIMA-LAD than after either PTCA or STENT. Long-term mortality was not statistically different, but the trend was for the lowest mortality with LIMA-LAD, a somewhat higher mortality with STENT, and the highest mortality with PTCA.
Membranous nephropathy following anti–COVID-19 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Lorraine Gueguen, Charlotte Loheac, Nadia Saidani, Lydie Khatchatourian
Journal: Kidney International (2021)

A 76-year-old man with a history of hypertension and UV-treated cutaneous mycosis fungoid was vaccinated in January 2021 for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with Bnt162b2 and developed an antibody response. He had not had prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. He developed edema 4 days after vaccination with a random spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio of 6.5 g/g, hypoalbuminemia (1.6 g/dl), hematuria, and normal serum creatinine (0.86 mg/dl). His anti–phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibody titer was found to be 1:800 (maximal dilution for this assay), supporting a diagnosis of membranous nephropathy (MN).1Debiec H. Ronco P. PLA2R autoantibodies and PLA2R glomerular deposits in membranous nephropathy.N Engl J Med. 2011; 364: 689-690Crossref PubMed Scopus (269) Google Scholar As there were no other clinical data to suggest an alternative diagnosis, a kidney biopsy was not performed. He was initially treated symptomatically, with dietary modification and renin-angiotensin system blockade, resulting in partial control of the nephrotic syndrome (body weight stabilized, serum albumin increased to 2.6 g/dl, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio decreased to 3 g/g, creatinine increased to 1.14 mg/dl, and the titer of anti–phospholipase A2 receptor did not change). He was given the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine for his second dose to maintain mRNA vaccination but avoid a second dose of Bnt162b2. Two days later, his edema worsened, serum albumin decreased to 2.2 g/dl, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio increased to 3.8 g/g, and serum creatinine was stable at 1.15 mg/dl. At this time, rituximab treatment was initiated and resulted in a partial remission at 2 months (Figure 1). To our knowledge, this is the first case of MN occurring after anti–COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. A recurrence of previously diagnosed MN has been reported after administration of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination,2Aydin M.F. Yildiz A. Oruc A. et al.Relapse of primary membranous nephropathy after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccination.Kidney Int. 2021; 100: 464-465Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (55) Google Scholar and a case of minimal change disease has been reported after mRNA-1273 vaccination.3Lebedev L. Sapojnikov M. Wechsler A. et al.Minimal change disease following the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.Am J Kidney Dis. 2021; 78: 142-145Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (113) Google Scholar Exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome following a second injection of an mRNA vaccine seems to suggest a role of these vaccines in triggering MN. Further studies are needed to elucidate the early postvaccination immune response mechanism.
Influenza’s Unprecedented Low Profile During COVID-19 Pandemic Leaves Experts Wondering What This Flu Season Has in Store
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2021)

feared "twindemic"-an influenza epidemic wrapped in a COVID-19 pandemic-never materialized, much to the relief of critical care specialists and their hospitals' administrators.Instead, flu cases and deaths in the US and worldwide dropped to unprecedented lows, and influenza remained scarce this summer for the second consecutive flu season in the Southern Hemisphere.Between October 3, 2020, and July 24, 2021, of the 1.3 million specimens tested by clinical laboratories and reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2136 were positive for influenza virus, and 748 deaths were coded as influenza, according to CDC data provided to JAMA.In a typical season, 75 to 150 children die of influenza in the US, pediatric infectious disease specialist Paul Offit, MD, director of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, noted in an interview.Last flu season, he said, 1 child died.As in previous years, "it is likely that there were many more" flu deaths in the US, a CDC spokesman noted in an email.Not all flu deaths are reported to the CDC, and not all deaths due to flu-related complications are listed as such on death certificates.However, that doesn't explain the eyepopping differences between the 2020-2021 flu season and its predecessor.In the 2019-2020 season, more than 38 million people in the US became sick with influenza and nearly 22 000 of them died, the CDC estimates.Except for a few places, such as western Africa, "the flu was essentially nowhere" this past fall and winter, virologist Richard Webby, PhD, of St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 1 of 6 World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centers for influenza, told JAMA in an interview.How more than a year with virtually no influenza bodes for the coming flu season is unknown, and potential scenarios range from a repeat of last season's numbers to an explosion in cases.Several what ifs will determine the upcoming season's magnitude: the COVID-19 pandemic'sseveritythisfallandwinter,theex-tenttowhichSARS-CoV-2mitigationmeasures continuetobeused,andhowwellvaccinesare matched to circulating influenza viruses.
Covid-19: 40% of patients with weakened immune system mount lower response to vaccines
Authors: Clara Munro
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19: 40% of patients with weakened immune system mount lower response to vaccines Clara MunroFour in 10 people who are clinically vulnerable generate lower levels of antibodies than healthy recipients after two shots of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, a study has found. 11
LBA-4 Initial data from the phase 3 KEYNOTE-811 study of trastuzumab and chemotherapy with or without pembrolizumab for HER2-positive metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer
Authors: Y. Janjigian, A. Kawazoe, P. Weber, S. Luo, S. Lonardi, O. Kolesnik, O. Barajas, Y. Bai, L. Shen, Y. Tang, L. Wyrwicz, K. Shitara, S. Qin, E. Van Cutsem, J. Tabernero, L. Li, C. Shih, P. Bhagia, H. Chung
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
27362 High rate of complete response achieved with ligelizumab in patients with moderate to severe chronic spontaneous urticaria throughout the phase 2b core study
Authors: Jonathan A. Bernstein, Marcus Maurer, Ana Giménez-Arnau, Weily Soong, Karl Sitz, Eva Hua, Nathalie Barbier, Avantika Barve, Thomas Severin, Reinhold Janocha
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Enterovirus A71 antivirals: Past, present, and future
Authors: Jun Wang, Yanmei Hu, Madeleine Zheng
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a significant human pathogen, especially in children. EV-A71 infection is one of the leading causes of hand, foot, and mouth diseases (HFMD), and can lead to neurological complications such as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in severe cases. Although three EV-A71 vaccines are available in China, they are not broadly protective and have reduced efficacy against emerging strains. There is currently no approved antiviral for EV-A71. Significant progress has been made in developing antivirals against EV-A71 by targeting both viral proteins and host factors. However, viral capsid inhibitors and protease inhibitors failed in clinical trials of human rhinovirus infection due to limited efficacy or side effects. This review discusses major discoveries in EV-A71 antiviral development, analyzes the advantages and limitations of each drug target, and highlights the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to advance the field forward.
Prostate-specific Antigen Testing as Part of a Risk-Adapted Early Detection Strategy for Prostate Cancer: European Association of Urology Position and Recommendations for 2021
Authors: Hendrik Van Poppel, Monique J. Roobol, Christopher R. Chapple, James W.F. Catto, James N’Dow, Jens Sønksen, Arnulf Stenzl, Manfred Wirth
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Two Tumors, One Target
Authors: Hendrik Rathke, Stefan Fuxius, Frederik L. Giesel, Thomas Lindner, Jürgen Debus, Uwe Haberkorn, Clemens Kratochwil
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

We report a patient with breast cancer (BC) diagnosed in 2009 with metachronous lymph node, liver, and bone metastases. In 2017, colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases was additionally diagnosed and treated with 8 cycles of capecitabine due to its antitumor activity against both malignancies. At progression of both diseases, FAPI PET/CT demonstrated positive tumor targeting in BC-related metastases and colorectal cancer-related metastases. The patient received an experimental therapy with 90Y-FAPI46. Although there was similar tracer uptake in the PET/CT, the radioligand therapy resulted in mixed response with disappearance of peritoneal metastases but minor efficacy treating the BC-related metastases.
Serum markers of brain injury can predict good neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Marion Moseby-Knappe, Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren, Pascal Stammet, Sofia Backman, Kaj Blennow, Josef Dankiewicz, Hans Friberg, Christian Hassager, Janneke Horn, Jesper Kjaergaard, Gisela Lilja, Christian Rylander, Susann Ullén, Johan Undén, Erik Westhall, Matt P. Wise, Henrik Zetterberg, Niklas Nielsen, Tobias Cronberg
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2021)

The majority of unconscious patients after cardiac arrest (CA) do not fulfill guideline criteria for a likely poor outcome, their prognosis is considered "indeterminate". We compared brain injury markers in blood for prediction of good outcome and for identifying false positive predictions of poor outcome as recommended by guidelines.
Antibiotic-exposed patients with non-small-cell lung cancer preserve efficacy outcomes following first-line chemo-immunotherapy
Authors: A. Cortellini, B. Ricciuti, F. Facchinetti, J.V.M. Alessi, D. Venkatraman, F.G. Dall'Olio, P. Cravero, V.R. Vaz, D. Ottaviani, M. Majem, A. Piedra, I. Sullivan, K.A. Lee, G. Lamberti, N. Hussain, J. Clark, A. Bolina, A. Barba, J.C. Benitez, T. Gorría, L. Mezquita, D. Hoton, F. Aboubakar Nana, B. Besse, M.M. Awad, D.J. Pinato
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Systematic Comparison of Biomaterials‐Based Strategies for Osteochondral and Chondral Repair in Large Animal Models
Authors: Arlyng G. González Vázquez, Lia A. Blokpoel Ferreras, Kathleen E. Bennett, Sarah M. Casey, Pieter AJ Brama, Fergal J. O'Brien
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Joint repair remains a major challenge in orthopaedics. Recent progress in biomaterial design has led to the fabrication of a plethora of promising devices. Pre-clinical testing of any joint repair strategy typically requires the use of large animal models (e.g., sheep, goat, pig or horse). Despite the key role of such models in clinical translation, there is still a lack of consensus regarding optimal experimental design, making it difficult to draw conclusions on their efficacy. In this context, the authors performed a systematic literature review and a risk of bias assessment on large animal models published between 2010 and 2020, to identify key experimental parameters that significantly affect the biomaterial therapeutic outcome and clinical translation potential (including defect localization, animal age/maturity, selection of controls, cell-free versus cell-laden). They determined that mechanically strong biomaterials perform better at the femoral condyles; while highlighted the importance of including native tissue controls to better evaluate the quality of the newly formed tissue. Finally, in cell-laded biomaterials, the pre-culture conditions played a more important role in defect repair than the cell type. In summary, here they present a systematic evaluation on how the experimental design of preclinical models influences biomaterial-based therapeutic outcomes in joint repair.
Phase I Study of 2- or 3-Week Dosing of Telisotuzumab Vedotin, an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting c-Met, Monotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: D. Ross Camidge, Daniel Morgensztern, Rebecca S. Heist, Minal Barve, Everett Vokes, Jonathan W. Goldman, David S. Hong, Todd M. Bauer, John H. Strickler, Eric Angevin, Monica Motwani, Apurvasena Parikh, Zhaowen Sun, Bruce Allen Bach, Jun Wu, Philip B. Komarnitsky, Karen Kelly
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso-V) is an anti-c-Met-directed antibody-drug conjugate. Here, we present safety and efficacy data from a phase I/Ib study of Teliso-V monotherapy evaluated in once every 2 weeks/once every 3 weeks schedules in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Topography and Permeability Analyses of Vasculature‐on‐a‐Chip Using Scanning Probe Microscopies
Authors: Yuji Nashimoto, Minori Abe, Ryota Fujii, Noriko Taira, Hiroki Ida, Yasufumi Takahashi, Kosuke Ino, Javier Ramon‐Azcon, Hitoshi Shiku
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Microphysiological systems (MPS) or organs‐on‐chips (OoC) can emulate the physiological functions of organs in vitro and are effective tools for determining human drug responses in preclinical studies. However, the analysis of MPS has relied heavily on optical tools, resulting in difficulties in real‐time and high spatial resolution imaging of the target cell functions. In this study, the role of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) as an analytical tool for MPS is evaluated. An access hole is made in a typical MPS system with stacked microchannels to insert SPM probes into the system. For the first study, a simple vascular model composed of only endothelial cells is prepared for SPM analysis. Changes in permeability and local chemical flux are quantitatively evaluated during the construction of the vascular system. The morphological changes in the endothelial cells after flow stimulation are imaged at the single‐cell level for topographical analysis. Finally, the possibility of adapting the permeability and topographical analysis using SPM for the intestinal vascular system is further evaluated. It is believed that this study will pave the way for an in situ permeability assay and structural analysis of MPS using SPM.
Luna Sharmila Vishwanath
Authors: Veena Vishwanath
Journal: BMJ (2021)

My mother, Luna Vishwanath, was born and brought up in Dhaka, Bangladesh, surviving the Bangladesh liberation war in 1971. 

Luna discovered her passion for surgery in the anatomy dissection room as a medical student. She graduated from Dhaka Medical School in 1983. As a junior doctor, the observation of teamwork and camaraderie in the theatre atmosphere clinched her decision to become a surgeon. 

Luna was the first female surgeon from Bangladesh to obtain fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons. She was appointed as …