tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progress Toward Strengthening Blood Transfusion Services—14 Countries, 2003-2007
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Nearly all persons transfused with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected blood become infected, and blood transfusions are a substantial source of HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among women and children. Since 2004, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has provided technical and financial support to strengthen national blood transfusion services in 14 countries in Africa and the Caribbean with high prevalence of HIV infection. PEPFAR has supported efforts to improve blood supply adequacy and safety by providing policy guidance, strengthening laboratory infrastructure, and enhancing blood donor recruitment and retention practices. To assess the progress made by these countries with PEPFAR support, CDC analyzed data collected by national blood transfusion services in the 14 countries during 2003-2007. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that 1) national policies had been established in 12 of the 14 countries; 2) the number of whole blood units collected had increased in all 14 countries; 3) the percentage of collections from voluntary, non-remunerated donors had increased; and 4) the percentage of collected blood units reactive for HIV had decreased in 13 of the 14 countries. Since the start of the PEPFAR initiative, progress toward improving safe and adequate supplies of blood has been made in the 14 countries with high prevalence of HIV infection.
A Comparison of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome Treated on Versus Off Study
Authors: Sarah A. Buckley, Mary-Elizabeth M. Percival, Megan Othus, Anna B. Halpern, Emily M Huebner, Carole Shaw, Paul C. Hendrie, Mazyar Shadman, Pamela S. Becker, Roland B. Walter, Elihu H. Estey
Journal: Blood (2016)
AMA Insights
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychological Complications in Industrial Injuries
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gastrointestinal Surgery
Authors: George E. Block
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The University of Minnesota's Annual Continuation Course in Surgery has a well-deserved reputation for excellence and pertinence. Drs John Najarian and John Delaney have organized the lectures and panel discussions from the 1979 course into an "up-to-date survey of progress in Gastrointestinal Surgery." Recent advances in controversial subjects are presented without conflicting opinions or techniques. Each essayist was chosen for his particular expertise and supports his approach to a specific clinical problem with his rationale, methods, and results. Happily, the authors are among the most distinguished in American and British surgery, and their presentations are, in general, worthwhile and practical. Each presentation is preceded by "objectives" in which the author summarizes the points he will make. At the end of each presentation is a "self-evaluation quiz" of varying quality. This US Army Training Manual literary style does not detract from the overall effect: each chapter is a concise presentation of
Abstract 18: Doubled lifespan in APCMin/+ mice by targeting MTAP
Authors: Ross S. Firestone, Mu Feng, Vern L. Schramm
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Humans with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) have increased risk of colon cancer. Mice with the APCMin/+ mutation provide an animal model of FAP. Interruption of epigenetic control by preventing salvage of S-adenosylmethionine from 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA) was tested as a potential FAP therapy. 5′-Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) catalyzes the phosphorolysis of MTA to adenine and methylthioribose-1-phosphate for methionine recycling. The effect of MTDIA, a transition state analogue of MTAP, was tested as an oral agent in APCMin/+ mice. Survival analysis with 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg/day oral doses of MTDIA showed a 2-fold increase in mouse lifespan at the optimal 20 mg/kg/day dose. Metabolomic analysis (mouse liver) showed significant changes in metabolites relevant to methionine metabolism. The &amp;gt;4-fold increase in MTA, confirmed the physiologic target. Histologic analysis of intestinal tissue revealed slowed tumor progression in treated mice. RNAseq and Western blots provide additional information about the consequences of MTAP inhibition. Citation Format: Ross S. Firestone, Mu Feng, Vern L. Schramm. Doubled lifespan in APCMin/+ mice by targeting MTAP [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 18.
SECRETARIES OF STATE MEDICAL SOCIETIES, PLACE AND DATE OF NEXT MEETING—1892.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Computers
Authors: C. J. McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Computer-based medical records promise to solve many of the access and legibility problems of the traditional paper chart. They can also influence the quality of care by calling attention to adverse trends and unattended medical problems reflected in the electronic chart. A small but increasing number of institutions are using such computer-based medical record systems and studying their effects on the efficiency and quality of care.<sup>1</sup>Computer systems do improve the availability of medical records—from 85% to 99% in one study.<sup>2</sup>However, they do not necessarily save patient and staff time. In the same study, the time spent in the clinic by patients who had computer-stored records increased by more than 5%, compared with the time spent by control patients, who had paper records.<sup>2</sup>This increase, however, may have been a side effect of a better quality of care. Patients in the study group had a greater
Abstract 11021: Circulating Cardiac Transforming Growth Factor-β is a Principal Determinant in Inducing Myocardial Hypertrophy in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Exogenous Hepatic Transforming Growth Factor-β
Authors: Shaukat A Khan, Takeshi Tsuda
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a potent growth factor that induces myocardial hypertrophy, but an interaction between circulating and myocardial TGF-β has been poorly understood. An extracellular matrix protein, fibulin-2, mediates exogenous TGF-β-induced endogenous TGF-β up-regulation in isolated cardiac fibroblasts. Hypothesis: Systemic TGF-β-induced myocardial hypertrophy is mediated primarily by enhanced myocardial TGF-β via paracrine fashion. Methods: We created double mutant mice with TGF-β1 over-expressing transgenic mice (TG) and fibulin-2 knockout mice (KO). TG developed myocardial hypertrophy due to excessive circulating hepatic TGF-β. We studied TGF-β dynamics between tissues and circulation during hypertrophic changes. Results: TG/WT developed significant myocardial hypertrophy at 8 weeks compared with non-TG (NTG) groups. Hypertrophy in TG/KO was significantly attenuated compared with TG/WT. Myocardial TGF-β mRNA level was significantly up-regulated in TG/WT compared with TG/KO or NGT groups, so was Smad2 activation, but myocardial TGF-β bioactivity was no different among all four groups. Serum carrier-bound TGF-β was significantly higher in TG/WT than in TG/KO or NTG groups, but free unbound TGF-β level was equally elevated in TG groups compared with NTG groups. Thus, hypertrophy in TG/WT may be attributed to increased serum carrier-bound TGF-β levels, not to either myocardial TGF-β activity or serum unbound TGF-β levels. Endogenous TGF-β mRNA level in kidney and liver was equally increased in TG group compared with NTG group, and was comparable in all 4 groups in lung, suggesting fibulin-2 was not involved in TGF-β-induced TGF-β synthesis in kidney, liver, or lung. Conclusions: Hepatic TGF-β-induced-myocardial TGF-β up-regulation was mediated by fibulin-2. In TG/WT, up-regulated myocardial TGF-β was mainly secreted into circulation as a soluble carrier-bound form and did not directly induce hypertrophy via paracrine fashion. It is this circulating endogenous myocardial TGF-β rather than transgene-induced hepatic TGF-β that is responsible for myocardial hypertrophy in TG/WT. Heart is a major endocrine organ in secreting circulating endogenous TGF-β in inducing myocardial hypertrophy.
Characterization of circulating tumor cells in patients with localized high risk prostate cancer, post-prostatectomy.
Authors: Archana Anantharaman, Terence W. Friedlander, Christopher J. Welty, Kreshnik Zejnullahu, Jeffrey Hough, Matthew Edwards, Adam Jendrisak, Jerry Lee, Stephanie Greene, Priscilla Ontiveros, Ryon Graf, Angel Rodriguez, Mahipal Suraneni, Yipeng Wang, Mark Andrew Landers, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Peter Carroll, Ryan Vance Dittamore, Pamela Paris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e23055 Background: Approximately 15% of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) have high-risk features, which increase the risk of recurrence. Better predictive biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), could allow for earlier detection of biochemical recurrence. Here, we aim to evaluate the ability to detect CTCs using an enrichment free, unbiased CTC identification technology from men with high risk, localized PCa after radical prostatectomy (RP) and correlate their presence with prospective clinical data. Methods: Blood samples of 31 patients with high risk, localized PCa obtained 2-4 months post RP were shipped to Epic Sciences on an IRB approved protocol. All nucleated cells were subjected to immunofluorescent (IF) staining for cytokeratin (CK), CD45, and AR N terminus. CTCs were identified by fluorescent scanners using algorithmic analysis. CK expressing (CK + ) CTCs were enumerated and analyzed for AR expression and individually sequenced for copy number variation (CNV) and large scale transition (LST, a surrogate of genomic instability). Patients were followed prospectively for biochemical recurrence, defined as detectable PSA. Progression free survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards. Results: CTCs were detected in 87.1% (27/31) samples with an average of 5.6 CTCs/ml (range: 0 – 22.87) detected per patient. AR expression was detected in 12.9% (4/31) of patients. Ninety-nine CTCs from 14 patients were amenable to LST and CNV sequencing and analyses. 10.1% (10/99) CTCs from 7 patients exhibited higher ( &gt; = 6) LSTs than control WBCs (95% WBCs had LST &lt; 6). Copy number alterations were identified in CTCs in commonly mutated genes in PCa, including AR, MYC, and TP53 amplification and deletions in PTEN and RB1. Patients with higher CTC burdens exhibited a trend toward shorter PFS (hazard ratio: 1.65; 95% CI: 0.7-3.86; p: 0.13). Conclusions: There was a high incidence of CTC detection after RP in patients with high risk, localized PCa. We observed a trend toward shorter PFS in those with higher CTC burden and genomic alterations detectable in CTCs are consistent with established CNAs in PCa. Tissue genomic correlatives are under analysis.
Dose-dependent acute clearance of hepatitis C genotype 1 virus with interferon alfa
Authors: N Lam
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

To determine if the clearance of hepatitis C genotype 1 virus (HCV) is dependent on the dose of interferon alfa-2b (IFN-α2b), the acute clearance of HCV after a single dose of either 3, 5, or 10 mIU of IFN-α was compared in patients with chronic hepatitis C. HCV-RNA levels following IFN-α administration were measured. At 24 hours, mean percentage serum viral reduction was 41.4%, 63.7%, and 85.5% for 3, 5, and 10 mIU, respectively (P < .001). At 48 hours, the mean viral reduction was consistently less than the reduction at 24 hours, averaging 22.9%, 61.9%, and 74.3%, respectively (P < .001), indicating that the drug effect diminishes before 48 hours. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between dose and percent reduction of HCV- RNA levels (r = .6; P < .001). A mathematical model showed that such dose dependence is expected if IFN-α partially blocks viral production. Minimum clearance and production rates of HCV were estimated from measurements of HCV-RNA levels after the 10-mIU dose. HCV decay followed an exponential decline with a minimum estimate of the viral clearance rate constant of 2.8 per day, corresponding to a virion half-life of 0.3 days or less. A minimal estimate of the daily HCV production and clearance is 3.7 × 1011 virions per day, indicating a high rate of replication and turnover. These results indicate that there is a dose-dependent effect of IFN-α in clearance of HCV genotype 1. Because the virion production rate is very rapid and because the current recommended dose of IFN-α (3 mIU) is often ineffective, larger doses should be considered to treat genotype 1-infected patients.
Assisted Circulation
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Since the convergence of medicine, science, and technology more than a century ago, the desire to prolong life artificially has gripped many great medical personalities. The hope of forestalling death from cardiac failure in particular has stimulated two decades of research about assisted circulation, research that has led to a new understanding of the complex reciprocal relations between the cardiac pump and the organism as a whole. Pumping imbalance between the right and left ventricles, for example, has now emerged as a central problem of long-term circulatory assistance. This book clearly defines such pathophysiologic problems and narrows the number of assumptions made previously. It thus paves the way for practical cardiac assist devices that will be ten times more effective than intra-aortic balloon pumps. (Balloon pumps, meanwhile, are now being used in new ways; eg, to reduce infarct size in patients with otherwise uncomplicated infarction.) As is typical of much
Hepatitis C Virus Infection, Lipids, and Coronary Heart Disease: A Pandora's Box
Authors: Kathleen E. Corey, Raymond T. Chung
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We thank Drs. Wang and Kao for their interest and comments regarding our study of the effect of chronic hepatitis C infection and its resolution on serum lipid levels.1 They raise several important issues. The authors raise the issue that the rebound in serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that occurred after successful treatment-induced viral clearance may have been the result of recovery of hepatic function following the resolution of hepatic inflammation rather than a specific effect of hepatitis C virus clearance. We acknowledge that the liver plays an important role in lipid metabolism and that lipid metabolism may be influenced by hepatic inflammation. However, we believe that the alterations seen in our study were specific to hepatitis C infection. For instance, several studies found patients with chronic hepatitis C to have significantly lower cholesterol levels than those with chronic hepatitis B infection, suggesting that the alteration in lipids observed in hepatitis C infection is virus-specific.2-4 Further, when stratifying by pretreatment levels of alanine aminotransferase or hepatitis C RNA, we found no difference in rebound levels of cholesterol or LDL, suggesting that the degree of hepatic inflammation or level of viremia does not influence cholesterol or LDL levels. We are not aware of any studies evaluating the change in serum LDL and cholesterol levels following viral suppression during hepatitis B therapy, but agree that such evaluation would allow this question to be definitely answered. We acknowledge that lipid levels may fluctuate over time and can change in response to lifestyle or dietary changes. Although multiple post-treatment measurements would be helpful in furthering our findings, we disagree that a single measurement is not sufficient. Clinical management of hyperlipidemia is frequently based on a single measurement of lipids, and benefit of treatment based on a single initial measurement has been demonstrated.5, 6 In addition, we would expect to see random fluctuations in both the clearance and nonresponse groups and thus such fluctuations should impact both groups equally. Finally, we agree that there are conflicting data regarding the role of hepatitis C infection as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). A possible explanation is that all studies of CAD in hepatitis C that we are aware of have used hepatitis C seropositivity alone to diagnosis hepatitis C. These studies are thus limited by a lack of ability to discern the presence of active infection. In addition, none of the previous studies has specifically evaluated the role of treatment of hepatitis C on CAD outcomes.7, 8 Long-term studies to assess the impact of hepatitis C treatment on CAD remain warranted. Kathleen E. Corey M.D., M.P.H.*, Raymond T. Chung M.D.*, * Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
A NEW AND EASY METHOD FOR DEMONSTRATING SPIROCHAETA PALLIDA
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vaccines
Authors: Allan D. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The first edition of this text about vaccines was successful in providing a comprehensive look at currently available immunizations, future vaccines, and a variety of issues that relate to their use. The six years since the publication of the first edition have yielded a rapid expansion of information and newly released vaccines such as the conjugated vaccine directed against<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type b, hepatitis A vaccine, and new typhoid fever vaccines. In addition, much has been learned and applied to new technologies for developing and making vaccines. Recombinant DNA is an example of a new technology that has recently been applied to vaccine development. The second edition is 50% bigger than the first, reflecting both additional information about existing vaccines and new chapters on the Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, and anthrax vaccines. Useful appendices have been added, which include tables of information about where to find the current Advisory Committee