tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Examination of Neurofilament Light Chain Serum Concentrations, Physical Activity, and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Authors: Pankaja Desai, Klodian Dhana, Charles DeCarli, Robert S. Wilson, Elizabeth A. McAninch, Denis A. Evans, Kumar B. Rajan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Little is known about the association of serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentrations and physical activity with the rate of cognitive decline in older adults.To examine the association of physical activity and NfL concentrations with cognitive decline in older adults over time.This cohort study used data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), a population-based cohort study that recruited participants through door-to-door census in 4 Chicago-area communities and collected data between 1993 and 2012 in cycles of 3 years. Participants in CHAP who had 2 or more cognitive function assessments and at least 1 blood sample collected for NfL measurement were selected for inclusion in the current study. Data were analyzed from January to December 2021.Self-reported physical activity (minutes per week) and serum NfL concentration (pg/mL).Associations of baseline physical activity and NfL concentrations with changes in global cognitive function over time as evaluated using the East Boston Memory Test for episodic memory, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test for perceptual speed, and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Mixed-effects regression analyses were conducted to examine associations at baseline and longitudinally.The study sample included 1158 participants (695 [60%] African American; 728 [63%] female), with a mean (SD) age of 77.4 (6.0) years and a mean educational level of 12.6 (3.5) years. Among participants with high NfL concentrations (>25 pg/mL), those who engaged in medium physical activity (<150 minutes per week) had a 12% slower rate of global cognitive decline (SD units, or β, -0.065; 95% CI, -0.099 to -0.032) and participants who engaged in high physical activity (≥150 minutes per week) had a 36% slower rate of decline (β, -0.048; 95% CI, -0.080 to -0.016) than did participants with low physical activity (no reported participation) (β, -0.075; 95% CI, -0.108 to -0.041). For participants with low NfL concentrations (≤25 pg/mL), those who took part in medium physical activity had 43% slower global cognitive decline (β, -0.025; 95% CI, -0.043 to -0.007) and individuals who participated in high physical activity had 30% slower decline (β, -0.031; 95% CI, -0.048 to -0.014) than did those who participated in low physical activity (β, -0.046; 95% CI, -0.066 to -0.025).The findings suggest that physical activity is associated with diminished cognitive decline among older adults with increased serum NfL concentrations. The results support the potential use of blood biomarkers in measuring the benefits of health behaviors, such as physical activity, and early intervention for older adults at risk for cognitive decline.
Considering Reprogenomics in the Ethical Future of Fetal Therapy Trials
Authors: Ruth M. Farrell, Marsha Michie
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2022)

This article is referred to by:A New Ethical Framework for Assessing the Unique Challenges of Fetal Therapy Trials: Response to CommentariesFetal Therapies and Clinical Research: Beyond Risk and Benefit
TARGETED PROTEOMIC PROFILING OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK IN THE CARDIAC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE CRITICAL CARE CARDIOLOGY TRIALS NETWORK (CCCTN) REGISTRY
Authors: Mathew Lopes, David Berg, Antonio Aurelio De Paiva Fagundes, Danuzia Silva, Ankeet Bhatt, Kayleigh Butler, Petr Jarolim, Michael W. Levangie, Balim Senman, Minao Tang, Anubodh Varshney, Erin Bohula, David A. Morrow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Understanding T cell responses to COVID-19 is essential for informing public health strategies
Authors: Santosha Vardhana, Lance Baldo, William G. Morice, E. John Wherry
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

Durable T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens after infection or vaccination improve immune-mediated viral clearance. To date, population-based surveys of COVID-19 adaptive immunity have focused on testing for IgG antibodies that bind spike protein and/or neutralize the virus. Deployment of existing methods for measuring T cell immunity could provide a more complete profile of immune status, informing public health policies and interventions.
Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates and Age and Risk–Associated Contributions to Change in Heart Disease and Stroke Mortality, 2011-2019 and 2019-2020
Authors: Stephen Sidney, Catherine Lee, Jennifer Liu, Sadiya S. Khan, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Jamal S. Rana
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

associated with high COVID-19 rates, suggest that increased emphasis on the maintenance of optimal risk factor levels specified in the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 guideline 5 and vigilance toward equity in access to health care are warranted more than ever.
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF PROVISIONAL STENTING TECHNIQUE IN THE LEFT MAIN BIFURCATION SETTING: INSIGHTS FROM AN IN-VITRO MODEL
Authors: Marek Milewski, Shengjie Lu, Pawel Mariusz Gasior, Jaryl Ng, Nicolas Foin, Elvin Kedhi, Wojciech Wojakowski, Hui Ying Ang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Targeting the RNA m6A modification for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Xinxin Li, Shoubao Ma, Youcai Deng, Ping Yi, Jianhua Yu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Abstract N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) is the most abundant epigenetic modification of RNA, and its dysregulation drives aberrant transcription and translation programs that promote cancer occurrence and progression. Although defective gene regulation resulting from m 6 A often affects oncogenic and tumor-suppressing networks, m 6 A can also modulate tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in anti-tumor responses. Understanding this counterintuitive concept can aid the design of new drugs that target m 6 A to potentially improve the outcomes of cancer immunotherapies. Here, we provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of how m 6 A modifications intrinsically affect immune cells and how alterations in tumor cell m 6 A modifications extrinsically affect immune cell responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We also review strategies for modulating endogenous anti-tumor immunity and discuss the challenge of reshaping the TME. Strategies include: combining specific and efficient inhibitors against m 6 A regulators with immune checkpoint blockers; generating an effective programmable m 6 A gene-editing system that enables efficient manipulation of individual m 6 A sites; establishing an effective m 6 A modification system to enhance anti-tumor immune responses in T cells or natural killer cells; and using nanoparticles that specifically target tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to deliver messenger RNA or small interfering RNA of m 6 A-related molecules that repolarize TAMs, enabling them to remodel the TME. The goal of this review is to help the field understand how m 6 A modifications intrinsically and extrinsically shape immune responses in the TME so that better cancer immunotherapy can be designed and developed.
Trends in Timing of and Glycemia at Initiation of Second-line Type 2 Diabetes Treatment in U.S. Adults
Authors: Sridharan Raghavan, Theodore Warsavage, Wenhui G. Liu, Katherine Raffle, Kevin Josey, David R. Saxon, Lawrence S. Phillips, Liron Caplan, Jane E.B. Reusch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

Therapeutic inertia threatens the potential long-term benefits of achieving early glycemic control after type 2 diabetes diagnosis. We evaluated temporal trends in second-line diabetes medication initiation among individuals initially treated with metformin.
A surprising case of a biliary tumor-like lesion
Authors: Giacomo Emanuele Maria Rizzo, Luigi Maruzzelli, Rosa Liotta, Roberto Miraglia, Salvatore Gruttadauria, Mario Traina, Ilaria Tarantino
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 74-year-old man referred to our institute complained of asthenia and jaundice associated with altered laboratory liver tests. The patient’s history included cardiopathy, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and partial gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction due to a peptic ulcer. Abdominal ultrasound showed dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts associated with hepatic hilar tissue, strongly suspected for hilar tumor (Klatskin type IV according to Bismuth–Corlette classification) [1] [2] [3] on computed tomography (CT) scan ([Fig. 1]), associated with low grade intra-abdominal fluid. Neoplastic markers (carbohydrate antigen 19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen, and alpha-fetoprotein) were negative. Percutaneous transhepatic-cholangiography with brushing and biliary internal-external 10-Fr drainage placement was considered the best option. Cytology examination was inconclusive.
Pneumonia surveillance with culture-independent metatranscriptomics in HIV-positive adults in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Natasha Spottiswoode, Joshua D Bloomstein, Saharai Caldera, Abdul Sessolo, Kathryn McCauley, Patrick Byanyima, Josephine Zawedde, Katrina Kalantar, Sylvia Kaswabuli, Rachel L Rutishauser, Monica K Lieng, J Lucian Davis, Julia Moore, Amanda Jan, Shoko Iwai, Meera Shenoy, Ingvar Sanyu, Joseph L DeRisi, Susan V Lynch, William Worodria, Laurence Huang, Charles R Langelier
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2022)

BackgroundPneumonia is a leading cause of death worldwide and is a major health-care challenge in people living with HIV. Despite this, the causes of pneumonia in this population remain poorly understood. We aimed to assess the feasibility of metatranscriptomics for epidemiological surveillance of pneumonia in patients with HIV in Uganda.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study in patients with HIV who were admitted to Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda between Oct 1, 2009, and Dec 31, 2011. Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or older, HIV-positivity, and clinically diagnosed pneumonia. Exclusion criteria were contraindication to bronchoscopy or an existing diagnosis of tuberculosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected within 72 h of admission and a combination of RNA sequencing and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture plus PCR were performed. The primary outcome was detection of an established or possible respiratory pathogen in the total study population.FindingsWe consecutively enrolled 217 patients during the study period. A potential microbial cause for pneumonia was identified in 211 (97%) patients. At least one microorganism of established respiratory pathogenicity was identified in 113 (52%) patients, and a microbe of possible pathogenicity was identified in an additional 98 (45%). M tuberculosis was the most commonly identified established pathogen (35 [16%] patients; in whom bacterial or viral co-infections were identified in 13 [37%]). Streptococcus mitis, although not previously reported as a cause of pneumonia in patients with HIV, was the most commonly identified bacterial organism (37 [17%] patients). Haemophilus influenzae was the most commonly identified established bacterial pathogen (20 [9%] patients). Pneumocystis jirovecii was only identified in patients with a CD4 count of less than 200 cells per mL.InterpretationWe show the feasibility of using metatranscriptomics for epidemiologic surveillance of pneumonia by describing the spectrum of respiratory pathogens in adults with HIV in Uganda. Applying these methods to a contemporary cohort could enable broad assessment of changes in pneumonia aetiology following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2.FundingUS National Institutes of Health, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub.
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN-7 PREDICTS CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE CREDENCE TRIAL
Authors: James L. Januzzi, Javed Butler, Naveed Sattar, Eshetu Tefera, Norman Rosenthal, Yshai Yavin, Scott Bull, Meg Jardine, Carol Pollock, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Michael K. Hansen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Challenging the Paradigm of Persistent Air Leak: Are We Prolonging the Problem?
Authors: Steven P. Walker, Rob Hallifax, Najib M. Rahman, Nick A. Maskell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"Challenging the Paradigm of Persistent Air Leak: Are We Prolonging the Problem?." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 206(2), pp. 145–149
IMPACT OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS WITH OR WITHOUT IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS ON CARDIAC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Kyuwan Lee, Lanie Lindenfeld, Meagan Echevarria, F Lennie Wong, Hari K. Narayan, Saro Armenian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
EPR22-105: Relationship of Age, Education, and Duration of Lump on Stage at Presentation in Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study From a Low Middle-Income Country
Authors: Febin Antony, Abi A B, Paul Gopu Gopurathingal
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

"EPR22-105: Relationship of Age, Education, and Duration of Lump on Stage at Presentation in Breast Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study From a Low Middle-Income Country" published on 31 Mar 2022 by National Comprehensive Cancer Network.
Increasing Meaningful Representation of Children in Clinical Trials to Inform Science and Achieve Health Equity
Authors: Carla M. Davis, Bridgette L. Jones
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Risk for Acute Myocardial Infarction After Ophthalmologic Procedures
Authors: Abhijit Sen, Katalin Gémes, Gustav Stålhammar, Christer Svensen, Per Tornvall, Magnus Jonsson, Torunn Varmdal, Birger Henning Endreseth, Imre Janszky, Jette Möller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Background: Preoperative cardiovascular evaluations are frequently done before ambulatory ophthalmologic procedures. However, whether these procedures can trigger an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unknown. Objective: To assess the short-term risk for AMI associated with ophthalmologic procedures. Design: Case-crossover design. Setting: Population-based nationwide study from Norway and Sweden. Participants: First-time patients with AMI, aged 40 years and older, identified via inpatient registries and linked to outpatient surgical procedures in Norway (2008 to 2014) and Sweden (2001 to 2014), respectively. Measurements: Using self-matching, for each participant, exposure to ophthalmologic procedures in the 0 to 7 days before AMI diagnosis (hazard period) was compared with an 8-day period 30 days earlier, that is, days 29 to 36 before AMI (control period) to estimate the relative risk for an AMI the week after an ophthalmologic procedure. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated, using conditional logistic regression. Only patients who had a procedure of interest during either the hazard or control period were included. Results: For the 806 patients with AMI included in this study, there was a lower likelihood of AMI in the week after an ophthalmologic procedure than during the control week (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.91). Furthermore, there was no evidence of increased risk for AMI when analyses were stratified by surgery subtype, anesthesia (local or general), duration, invasiveness (low, intermediate, or high), patient's age (<65 years or ≥65 years), or comorbidity (none vs. any). Limitation: Potential bias from time-varying confounders between the hazard and the control periods. Conclusion: Ophthalmologic procedures done in an outpatient setting did not seem to be associated with an increased risk for AMI. Primary Funding Source: Central Norway Regional Health Authority and the Swedish Research Council.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPROVEMENT IN LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION IN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS
Authors: Lauren Kay M. Evangelista, Andie Hartanto Djohan, Ching Hui Sia, Sarah Ming Li Tan, Adrian Low, Yoke-Ching Lim, Mark Chan, Robin Cherian, Raymond Ching-Chiew Wong, Chi-Hang Lee, Perryn Ng, Tiong-Cheng Yeo, Ping Chai, Huay-Cheem Tan, Weiqin Lin, Poay Huan Loh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Associations of Urban Environment Features with Hypertension and Blood Pressure across 230 Latin American Cities
Authors: Ione Avila-Palencia, Daniel A. Rodríguez, J. Jaime Miranda, Kari Moore, Nelson Gouveia, Mika R. Moran, Waleska T. Caiaffa, Ana V. Diez Roux
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)

Background: Features of the urban physical environment may be linked to the development of high blood pressure, a leading risk factor for global burden of disease. Objectives: We examined associations of urban physical environment features with hypertension and blood pressure measures in adults across 230 Latin American cities. Methods: In this cross-sectional study we used health, social, and built environment data from the SALud URBana en América Latina (SALURBAL) project. The individual-level outcomes were hypertension and levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The exposures were city and subcity built environment features, mass transit infrastructure, and green space. Odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multilevel logistic and linear regression models, with single- and multiple-exposure models adjusted for individual-level age, sex, education, and subcity educational attainment. Results: A total of 109,176 participants from 230 cities and eight countries were included in the hypertension analyses and 50,228 participants from 194 cities and seven countries were included in the blood pressure measures analyses. Participants were 18–97 years of age. In multiple-exposure models, higher city fragmentation was associated with higher odds of having hypertension (OR per standard deviation (SD) increase=1.11; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.21); presence (vs. no presence) of mass transit in the city was associated with higher odds of having hypertension (OR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.54); higher subcity population density was associated with lower odds of having hypertension (OR per SD increase=0.90; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.94); and higher subcity intersection density was associated with higher odds of having hypertension [OR per SD increase=1.09; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.15). The presence of mass transit was also associated with slightly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in multiple-exposure models adjusted for treatment. Except for the association between intersection density and hypertension, associations were attenuated after adjustment for country. An inverse association of greenness with continuous blood pressure emerged after country adjustment. Discussion: Our results suggest that urban physical environment features—such as fragmentation, mass transit, population density, and intersection density—may be related to hypertension in Latin American cities. Reducing chronic disease risks in the growing urban areas of Latin America may require attention to integrated management of urban design and transport planning. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7870
A COMPARISON OF POST-STENTING WALL SHEAR STESS BETWEEN XIENCE AND RESOLUTE: INTERIM ANALYSIS FROM THE SHEAR-STENT TRIAL
Authors: David Molony, Adrien Lefieux, Kaylyn Crawford, Imran Shah, Sameer Khawaja, Ryan Dunn, Jessica Navas-Simbana, Goran Stankovic, Dejan Milasinovic, Bon Kwon Koo, Hiromasa Otake, Takashi Akasaka, Javier Escaned, Andrejs Erglis, Yoshinobu Murasato, Ki-Bum Won, Eun Seok Shin, Shaoliang Chen, Chang-Wook Nam, Joo Myung Lee, Alessandro Veneziani, Habib Samady
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Proton pump inhibitors should not be used to treat persistent throat symptoms
Authors: Helen Saul, Deniz Gursul, Jemma Kwint, James O’Hara
Journal: BMJ (2022)

The studyWilson JA, Stocken DD, Watson GC, et al. Lansoprazole for persistent throat symptoms in secondary care: the TOPPITS RCT. Health Technol Assess 2021;25:1-118.To read the full NIHR Alert, go to: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/throat-symptoms-should-not-be-treated-with-ppis/.
Syndromic surveillance with monthly aggregate health systems information data for COVID-19 pandemic response in Neno, Malawi: a monitoring study
Authors: Moses Banda Aron, Emilia Connolly, Fabien Munyaneza, Donald Fejfar, Isaac Mphande, George Talama, Chiyembekezo Kachimanga, Brown Khongo, Isabel Fulcher
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2022)

In the context of diminutive COVID-19 screening and testing, syndromic surveillance can be used to identify areas with higher-than-expected SARS-CoV-2 symptoms for targeted public health interventions. We used syndromic surveillance to monitor potential SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in 14 health facilities in the Neno district of rural Malawi.We monitored three indicators identified as potential symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the proportion of outpatient visits for fast-breathing cases in children under 5 years (FBC<5); the proportion of suspected malaria cases confirmed as non-malaria in children under 5 years (NMC<5); and the same indicator in individuals aged 5 years and older (NMC≥5). We extracted data aggregated by month and at the health facility-level from the District Health Information System. With data from January, 2016, to February, 2020, as a baseline, we used a linear model with a negative binomial distribution to estimate expected proportions for the indicators in absence of the COVID-19 pandemic with 95% prediction intervals (PI) for March, 2020, to July, 2021. We compared the observed proportions to the expected rates, focusing on the first two waves of infections (June to July, 2020, and January to March, 2021).The proportion of FBC<5 was consistently higher than expected, with a peak in May, 2020, when 2·5% of outpatient visits were fast breathing cases in children younger than 5 years of age (compared with the expected rate of 0·8% [95% PI 0·4-1·5]). NMC<5 was as expected throughout the study period. The NMC≥5 indicator remained as expected, except for increases in suspected cases tested negative for malaria, to 31·3% (from the expected 18·6% [95% PI 12·3-28·7]) in November, 2020, and to 32·5% (from the expected 21·7% [95% PI 14·2-32·2]) in July, 2021.An increase in FBC<5 and NMC≥5 before observed COVID-19 waves might indicate SARS-CoV-2 infections that were missed before robust testing. This tendency was not seen in NMC<5, which can represent differences in symptomatology leading to decreased health-seeking behaviours for this age group. Syndromic surveillance can allow for real-time responses at facilities, including increased and focused testing and screening to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 infections.Supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research.