tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quality Control for Single Cell Imaging Analytics Using Endocrine Disruptor-Induced Changes in Estrogen Receptor Expression
Authors: Fabio Stossi, Pankaj K. Singh, Ragini M. Mistry, Hannah L. Johnson, Radhika D. Dandekar, Maureen G. Mancini, Adam T. Szafran, Arvind U. Rao, Michael A. Mancini
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)

Background: Diverse toxicants and mixtures that affect hormone responsive cells [endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)] are highly pervasive in the environment and are directly linked to human disease. They often target the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors modulating their levels and activity. Many high-throughput assays have been developed to query such toxicants; however, single-cell analysis of EDC effects on endogenous receptors has been missing, in part due to the lack of quality control metrics to reproducibly measure cell-to-cell variability in responses. Objective: We began by developing single-cell imaging and informatic workflows to query whether the single cell distribution of the estrogen receptor-α (ER), used as a model system, can be used to measure effects of EDCs in a sensitive and reproducible manner. Methods: We used high-throughput microscopy, coupled with image analytics to measure changes in single cell ER nuclear levels on treatment with ∼100 toxicants, over a large number of biological and technical replicates. Results: We developed a two-tiered quality control pipeline for single cell analysis and tested it against a large set of biological replicates, and toxicants from the EPA and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry lists. We also identified a subset of potentially novel EDCs that were active only on the endogenous ER level and activity as measured by single molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH). Discussion: We demonstrated that the distribution of ER levels per cell, and the changes upon chemical challenges were remarkably stable features; and importantly, these features could be used for quality control and identification of endocrine disruptor toxicants with high sensitivity. When coupled with orthogonal assays, ER single cell distribution is a valuable resource for high-throughput screening of environmental toxicants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9297
Rheumatology
Authors: Daniel J. McCarty
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The sporadic reports of connective tissue disorders in women who have had breast augmentation mammaplasties using silicone implants led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to withdraw approval for the procedure, except for breast reconstruction after cancer surgery.<sup>1</sup>Even in this situation, implants are now available only if the patient agrees to become a subject in a clinical trial. Understandably, the FDA decision has elicited reactions ranging from dismay to panic in the more than 2 million American women who have had silicone implants. Plastic surgeons and lawyers have been contacted in large numbers. Polymeric silicone substances have been and are being used for penile implants and for arthroplasty of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints. The safety of these devices has also been questioned, but the FDA has not yet withdrawn them from the marketplace. Reports of single cases and small series of patients who developed rheumatic
Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: A Few Clinical Pearls
Authors: Grace E. Farris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2022)

Web ExclusivesMarch 2022Annals Graphic Medicine - Dr. Mom: A Few Clinical PearlsFREEGrace E. Farris, MDGrace E. Farris, MDUniversity of Texas, Austin, Texas (G.E.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G22-0009 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Texas, Austin, Texas (G.E.F.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G21-0024.Author/Illustrator Information: Grace E. Farris, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Dell Medical School at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas. You can view her work at her website: www.farrisgrace.com.About Dr. Mom: In Dr. Mom, physician and cartoonist Grace Farris examines work–life balance while mothering and doctoring. Dr. Mom appears monthly in Annals Graphic Medicine at Annals.org.This article was published at Annals.org on 22 February 2022. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics March 2022Volume 175, Issue 3Page: W27-W28 ePublished: 22 February 2022 Issue Published: March 2022 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2022 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Malabsorption.
Authors: N. H. Dyer, A. M. Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The concept of the malabsorption syndrome has widened enormously in the last 10 years with the introduction of such techniques as intestinal biopsy and the delineation of bio- chemical defects such as disaccharidase deficiency, which may occur as an isolated phenomenon.Furthermore, it is now realized that malabsorption of any nutrient may give rise to a nutritional defect in the absence of bowel symptoms, and indeed steatorrhoea may not even be present.Small bowel function should therefore be investigated in any patient with unexplained diarrhoea or a nutritional disturbance which is not solely accounted for by deficient dietary intake.One classification of the causes of malabsorption is given in Table I.TABLE I.-Classification of Malabsorpdon States
Ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction enhances the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma by inhibiting PGRMC1-mediated autophagy in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ying He, Xun-Hu Dong, Qiong Zhu, Ya-Li Xu, Ming-Liang Chen, Zheng Liu
Journal: Military Medical Research (2022)

Ultrasound-triggered microbubble destruction (UTMD) is a widely used noninvasive technology in both military and civilian medicine, which could enhance radiosensitivity of various tumors. However, little information is available regarding the effects of UTMD on radiotherapy for glioblastoma or the underlying mechanism. This study aimed to delineate the effect of UTMD on the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma and the potential involvement of autophagy.GL261, U251 cells and orthotopic glioblastoma-bearing mice were treated with ionizing radiation (IR) or IR plus UTMD. Autophagy was observed by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were used to detect progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), light chain 3 beta 2 (LC3B2) and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) levels. Lentiviral vectors or siRNAs transfection, and fluorescent probes staining were used to explore the underlying mechanism.UTMD enhanced the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.01). UTMD inhibited autophagic flux by disrupting autophagosome-lysosome fusion without impairing lysosomal function or autophagosome synthesis in IR-treated glioblastoma cells. Suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine, bafilomycin A1 or ATG5 siRNA had no significant effect on UTMD-induced radiosensitization in glioblastoma cells (P < 0.05). Similar results were found when autophagy was induced by rapamycin or ATG5 overexpression (P > 0.05). Furthermore, UTMD inhibited PGRMC1 expression and binding with LC3B2 in IR-exposed glioblastoma cells (P < 0.01). PGRMC1 inhibitor AG-205 or PGRMC1 siRNA pretreatment enhanced UTMD-induced LC3B2 and p62 accumulation in IR-exposed glioblastoma cells, thereby promoting UTMD-mediated radiosensitization (P < 0.05). Moreover, PGRMC1 overexpression abolished UTMD-caused blockade of autophagic degradation, subsequently inhibiting UTMD-induced radiosensitization of glioblastoma cells. Finally, compared with IR plus UTMD group, PGRMC1 overexpression significantly increased tumor size [(3.8 ± 1.1) mm2 vs. (8.0 ± 1.9) mm2, P < 0.05] and decreased survival time [(67.2 ± 2.6) d vs. (40.0 ± 1.2) d, P = 0.0026] in glioblastoma-bearing mice.UTMD enhanced the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma partially by disrupting PGRMC1-mediated autophagy.
Correction: Response to deoxycoformycin in mature T cell malignancies
Authors: Alan Maynard, Stephen Birch
Journal: BMJ (1988)

which, even under the most conservative assump- tions made by Drs Glen and Hulbert in their original paper,4 are 10% greater per head of population in Scotland than in England.In the interests of the 51-5 million members of the UK population (90%) living outside Scotland we would welcome Dr Hulbert's proposals for redressing this imbalance.
Leisure Corner
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopic percutaneous drainage in a COVID-19 patient with iatrogenic gastric perforation
Authors: Antonino Granata, Gennaro Martucci, Giacomo Emanuele Maria Rizzo, Dario Ligresti, Antonio Arcadipane, Mario Traina
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 60-year-old male under mechanical ventilation through endotracheal intubation due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia was treated at our intensive care unit (ICU) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for several weeks. Computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral lung involvement and a left pulmonary abscess drained by a percutaneous catheter ([Fig. 1]). Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was performed, but the patient developed an early buried bumper syndrome [1] [2] [3] [4] after one month, so the tube was removed and gastroscopy showed an unexpected gastric perforation of the fundus ([Fig. 2], [Video 1]), defined as de novo perforation.
Nerve-Stretching
Authors: W. A. Berridge
Journal: BMJ (1881)

5s0 TlE RUITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL.tApril 2, i88i.with one-third of a grain of morphia, were given.The following day the patient seemed to be much exhausted, the eyes fixed, and the corners of the mouth retracted; attempts at deglutition excited spasm in the throat, with a sense of impending suffocation, and occasional pain with much distress-in the prxecordial region.The chloral and morphla was repeated, but little sleep obtained; there were profuse perspiration and much thirst, and any attempt to relieve them aggravated the spasm and restlessness.On the evening of the tenth day, .aneffort to take some beef-tea brought on a violent convulsion, which, though mitigated by the immediate administration of chloroform, caused death in about half an hour from its onset.The temperature rose to 1000 on the evening of the ninth day, but fell in a few hours to 99, and was not again ele- vated; while the pulse on the morning of the ninth day went to too, and on the tenth to 120.No post maitem examination was allowed.NERVE-STRETCHING.
<i>Bibliographischer Semesterbericht der Erscheinungen auf dem Gebiete der Neurologie und Psychiatrie.</i>Von Dr. med. et phil. G. Buschan. Fünfter Jahrgang, 1899. Zweite Hälfte. Jena, Verlag von Gustav Fischer. 1900. (Bibliographical Index of Neurology and Psychiatry, by Dr. Buschan.)
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1901)
Contents
Authors: Lyne Racette, Sampson Abu, Shervonne Poleon, Tracy Thomas, Nouran Sabbagh, Christopher Girkin, Benjamin Xu, David Friedman, Paul Foster, Yuzhen Jiang, Natalia Porporato, Anmol Pardeshi, Beatriz Munoz, Tin Aung, Mingguang He, Eric Lee, Wendeng Hu, Kuldev Singh, Sophia Wang, Simon Nusinovici, Hengtong Li, Sahil Thakur, Mani Baskaran, Yih-Chung Tham, Lei Zhou, Charumathi Sabanayagam, David Silver, Qiao Fan, Tien Wong, Jonathan Crowston, Ching-Yu Cheng, Nancy Holekamp, Peter Campochiaro, Margaret Chang, Daniel Miller, Dante Pieramici, Anthony Adamis, Christopher Brittain, Erica Evans, Derrick Kaufman, Katie Maass, Shienal Patel, Shrirang Ranade, Natasha Singh, Giulio Barteselli, Carl Regillo, Jason Yam, Juan Zhang, Yuzhou Zhang, Yu Wang, Shu Tang, Fen Li, Ka Kam, Simon Ko, Benjamin Yip, Alvin Young, Clement Tham, Jia Li, Chi Pang
Journal: Ophthalmology (2022)
Evaluation of safety and effectiveness of cryoablation in the treatment of renal angiomyolipoma related to tuberous sclerosis complex: The Cryo-TSC study.
Authors: Eiji Kashiwagi, Yoshiki Asayama, Takashi Hatano, Jun Miki, Shin Egawa, Atsushi Takamoto, Yasutomo Nasu, Takahiro Osawa, Nobuo Shinohara, Fumiya Hongo, Osamu Ukimura, Akihiro Nishie, Yasuhiro Ushijima, Fumiaki Kiyomi, Shuji Nakano, Yasuaki Arai, Masatoshi Eto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS397 Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease that causes benign tumors called hamartoma all over the body as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms such as epilepsy. One-third of patients have a family history of the disease, but the remaining two-thirds are solitary cases and are caused by newly arising mutations. The TSC1 gene on chromosome 9 and TSC2 on chromosome 16 have been identified as the causative genes. Approximately 60%–80% of patients with TSC have renal lesions, and angiomyolipoma (AML) occurs bilaterally. The frequency of TSC-associated AML (TSC-AML) increases with age, reaching 60%–80% in adults, and the rate of death from renal disease increases with age in TSC patients. The current standard of care for AML is arterial embolization or surgery (partial nephrectomy or nephrectomy), but TSC is a hereditary disease and AMLs occur one after another with age. Repeated surgical procedures are technically difficult, and arterial embolization has a high recurrence rate. Under these circumstances, an mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, has shown a marked reduction of TSC-AML and is widely used. However, everolimus must be administered permanently because AML re-occurs after discontinuation of everolimus. Cryotherapy has been used as a treatment for renal tumors, and there have been some reports of cryotherapy for solitary AML, but the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC-AML have not been established. Therefore, we planned this study to establish the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC-AML. Methods: This is an open-label, single-arm, phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy for TSC-AML of 4 cm or less in patients with 16 years of age or older. The exclusion criteria are an inability to withdraw from mTOR inhibitor and failure to maintain rest during cryotherapy. mTOR inhibitor medication should be withdrawn at least 7 days prior to cryotherapy and discontinued during the study period. Cryotherapy will be performed using Cryohit (GALIL MEDICAL LTD, Israel). Safety will be assessed at 1, 2, 6, and 9 months after cryotherapy, and efficacy will be assessed at 3 and 9 months after cryotherapy. The efficacy of cryotherapy will be evaluated according to modified RECIST or RECIST criteria. The primary endpoint will be the disease control rate of AML treated with cryotherapy, and secondary endpoints will be the overall response rate, safety, renal function, quality of life, and whether additional treatment is required. Clinical trial information: jRCTs072200039.
Effects of sugar on behavior in children
Authors: M. F. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Wohlraich and colleagues<sup>1</sup>concluded on the basis of a meta-analysis of 23 studies that "sugar does not affect the behavior or cognitive performance of children." However, several factors argue for a more qualified interpretation of the data. The authors based their conclusion on the mean effect observed in each of the studies examined. That approach averaged children in whom sugar had no effect, a stimulatory effect, or a quieting effect. If only a minority of children in the studies were truly sensitive to sugar, it could easily have been obscured by this averaging. In one study<sup>2</sup>(not included in the meta-analysis) of 21 boys, the majority became less active when exposed to sugar, but three became more active. Limiting the meta-analysis to studies in which means, SDs, or other statistical measures were provided and using those measures as the sole indication of whether sugar
The Biological Speciation and Toxicokinetics of Aluminum
Authors: Emily DeVoto, Robert A. Yokel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

This review discusses recent literature on the chemical and physiological factors that influence the absorption, distribution, and excretion of aluminum in mammals, with particular regard to gastrointestinal absorption and speciation in plasma. Humans encounter aluminum, a ubiquitous yet highly insoluble element in most forms, in foods, drinking water, and pharmaceuticals. Exposure also occurs by inhalation of dust and aerosols, particularly in occupational settings. Absorption from the gut depends largely on pH and the presence of complexing ligands, particularly carboxylic acids, with which the metal can form absorbable neutral aluminum species. Uremic animals and humans experience higher than normal body burdens of aluminum despite increased urinary clearance of the metal. In plasma, 80-90% of aluminum binds to transferrin, an iron-transport protein for which receptors exist in many tissue. The remaining fraction of plasma aluminum takes the form of small-molecule hydroxy species and small complexes with carboxylic acids, phosphate, and, to a much lesser degree, amino acids. Most of these species have not been observed in vivo but are predicted from equilibrium models derived from potentiometric methods and NMR investigations. These models predict that the major small-molecule aluminum species under plasma conditions are charged and hence unavailable for uptake into tissues.
407-6 Intraarterial Beta Irradiation Prevents Neointimal Hyperplasia in a Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Restenosis Model
Authors: Vitali Verin, Youri Popowski, Philip Urban, Jacques Belenger, Mireille Redard, Manuel Costa, Marie-Claude Widmer, Michael Schwager, John Kurtz, Wilhelm Rutishauser
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Abortion.
Authors: M Simms
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Response to a letter in which Dr. J.R. Sampson expresses an antiabortionist position which espouses the restriction or destruction of the 1967 Abortion Act in Great Britain states that the real and long-term issue is that if the numbers of legal abortions are restricted, it is the poorer, least educated, and most inadequate women who will be deterred from obtaining abortions and will therefore give birth to unwanted children. Thus the real legacy of the antiabortion compaign will be that society will have to carry the additional burden of a new group of unloved and deprived children.
Buccal Oxytocin
Authors: J. H. M. Pinkerton
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Buccal Oxytocin SIR,-Oxytocin can have a powerful effect upon the pregnant uterus, however it reaches the blood-stream.The intravenous " pitocin drip" was at first regarded by some as a dangerous technique-; and so it was until experience had made plain the pitfalls and careful investigation had shown how these could be avoided.To-day it can only be
Human insulin.
Authors: J Pickup
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Human insulinUntil recently diabetic patients dependent on or requiring insulin have been treated by injections of insulin derived from beef or pork pancreases.The amino acid sequence of human insulin' differs from that of porcine insulin by just one residue2 at a site which is not thought to be critically concerned in binding to the insulin receptor3: the C terminal amino acid of the B chain in the human insulin molecule is threonine, while it is alanine in the pig.The primary structure of beef insulin is slightly more discrepant, with three substitutions: alanine again at B30 but valine at position 10 on the A chain and alanine at A8 instead of isoleucine and threonine.4The chief arguments for introducing human insulin for routine treatment of diabetics rest not, then, on any expected large difference in biological action but on the hope of reduced immunogenicity and-with newer production methods-reduced cost and greater worldwide availability.Small quantities of human sequence insulin can be ex- tracted from cadaver pancreases' 6 or the fluid used to maintain islet cells in culture, or it may be chemically synthesised.7 8 These methods are not suitable for largescale industrial production, however, and the present clinical availability of human insulin stems from two recent and substantial achievements in biotechnology.Firstly, tech- niques were developed in the late 1970s for producing insulin of recombinant DNA origin, and this insulin was first tested in man in 1980 (probably the first "genetically engineered" protein to be administered to humans).9Shortly afterwards "semisynthetic" human insulin became available, a product manufactured from porcine pancreatic insulin by the trypsin catalysed removal of the B30 alanine and its replacement by