tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15200: Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Comparative Effectiveness of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Louise Y Sun, Robert J Chen, Jack V Tu, Anan Bader Eddeen, Marc Ruel
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is a common cause of death globally and the most common cause of heart failure (HF) in the developed world. However, there are very few data comparing co...
Intersection of Race and Gender in Surgical Training—Reply
Authors: Valentin Mocanu, Kamran Fathimani, Nancy N. Baxter
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Risk factors for suicide in prisons: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shaoling Zhong, Morwenna Senior, Rongqin Yu, Amanda Perry, Keith Hawton, Jenny Shaw, Seena Fazel
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2021)

Rates of suicide among people in prison are elevated compared with people of similar age and sex who are living in the community. Improving assessments and interventions to reduce suicide risk requires updated evidence on risk factors. We aimed to examine risk factors associated with suicide in prisoners.
<i>Blautia</i>—a new functional genus with potential probiotic properties?
Authors: Xuemei Liu, Bingyong Mao, Jiayu Gu, Jiaying Wu, Shumao Cui, Gang Wang, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Blautia is a genus of anaerobic bacteria with probiotic characteristics that occur widely in the feces and intestines of mammals. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, some species in the genera Clostridium and Ruminococcus have been reclassified as Blautia, so to date, there are 20 new species with valid published names in this genus. An extensive body of research has recently focused on the probiotic effects of this genus, such as biological transformation and its ability to regulate host health and alleviate metabolic syndrome. This article reviews the origin and biological characteristics of Blautia and the factors that affect its abundance and discusses its role in host health, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the development of new functional microorganisms with probiotic properties.
Abstract IA014: POLE mutations in endometrial cancer: Consequences and mechanisms
Authors: Polina V. Shcherbakova
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Mutations in the POLE gene encoding DNA polymerase ϵ (Pol ϵ) drive the development of ultramutated endometrial tumors. We aim to understand the mechanisms through which POLE defects cause ultramutation and establish approaches to identify functionally significant variants. Because POLE mutations preferentially affect conserved amino acid residues in the exonuclease domain of Pol ϵ, a concept has initially formed that defective proofreading of replication errors triggers ultramutation. However, genetic and biochemical studies of the most common POLE variants suggested that their pathogenicity is determined by functional alterations other than loss of proofreading. When modeled in yeast, most of the exonuclease domain changes seen in tumors produce mutator effects far exceeding the effect of Polϵ exonuclease deficiency. The magnitude of the mutator effect is allele-specific and does not correlate with the severity of the exonuclease defect. A yeast mimic of the most common variant, P286R, shows greatly increased DNA polymerase activity, in addition to the exonuclease defect, which likely underlies the high mutagenicity. We discuss the implications of POLE status for tumor progression and the design of therapeutic strategies. We also discuss current approaches to assess the functional significance of the multitude of reported POLE mutations and present the most up-to-date list of experimentally confirmed significant variants. Citation Format: Polina V. Shcherbakova. POLE mutations in endometrial cancer: Consequences and mechanisms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference: Endometrial Cancer: New Biology Driving Research and Treatment; 2020 Nov 9-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(3_Suppl):Abstract nr IA014.
A duodenoscope anchoring technique in a case of difficult scope intubation due to scope–pyloric ring misalignment
Authors: Hiroshi Kawakami, Yoshimasa Kubota, Tesshin Ban, Hiroshi Hatada, Souichiro Ogawa, Naomi Uchiyama, Daisuke Kuroki
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Endoscopists are occasionally confronted with difficult scope intubation in a patient in the prone position due to misalignment between the scope and the pyloric ring. We present a case of difficult scope intubation through the pyloric ring during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), with tips for duodenoscope intubation.
Pediatric Emergency Visits for Asthma Drop Significantly with COVID19 School Closure
Authors: Elizabeth Secord, Pavadee Poowuttikul, Milind Pansare, Divya Seth, Shweta Saini
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

Asthma exacerbations in children leading to emergency room (ER) visits are often cited as increasing in the autumn and may be associated with weather change or pollen. Some studies reference school stress or school opening as a factor in this autumn peak of asthma ER visits. We are reporting a significant decrease in ER visits for asthma in a hospital in Detroit, Michigan correlating with the Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID19) school closure from March 15th to May 31st 2020. Total ER visits for pediatric astha were collected by ICD9 code from March 15th 2020 to May 31st 2020 and from the same time period in 2019 from a children's hospital in Detroit, MI. Weather data was compared for both years on an online website (Weather Underground). Asthma ED visits for children significantly decreased:1304 vs 260 or an average of 17+5.0 to 3.5+4.2 daily in the 2.5-month period (p=.001) during the early COVID19 pandemic, despite no significant change in weather from the two previous years. The drop in pediatric asthma ER visits during COVID19 school closure is consistent with previous observations that school attendence correlates with a spike in children's asthma. This observation strongly emphasizes the need for more data as school reopens in order to verify increased asthma with school attendance and to elucidate specific triggers.
Overview of oral tolerance induction for prevention of food allergy—Where are we now?
Authors: Marta Krawiec, Helen R. Fisher, George Du Toit, Henry T. Bahnson, Gideon Lack
Journal: Allergy (2021)

Oral tolerance induction through early introduction of allergenic food has proven effective in randomized controlled trials. This new approach to weaning has been incorporated into many national and international infants' feeding guidelines. However, there are questions that require further discussion, such as, which foods should be introduced early, should the intervention be targeted to infants at high-risk or to the general population, and what is the ideal timing for early food introduction. This review examines the extent to which recent trials address these critical questions and highlights areas where further research is required.
Modernizing Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria: Recommendations of the ASCO-Friends of Cancer Research Washout Period and Concomitant Medication Work Group
Authors: R. Donald Harvey, Kathryn F. Mileham, Vishal Bhatnagar, Jamie R. Brewer, Atiqur Rahman, Cassadie Moravek, Andrew S. Kennedy, Elizabeth A. Ness, E. Claire Dees, S. Percy Ivy, Scot W. Ebbinghaus, Caroline Schenkel, Thomas S. Uldrick
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: Washout periods and concomitant medication exclusions are common in cancer clinical trial protocols. These exclusion criteria are often applied inconsistently and without evidence to justify their use. The authors sought to determine how washout period and concomitant medication allowances can be broadened to speed trial enrollment and improve the generalizability of trial data to a larger oncology practice population without compromising the safety of trial participants. Experimental Design: A multistakeholder working group was convened to define problems associated with excessively long washout periods and exclusion of patients due to concomitant medications. The group performed a literature search and evaluated study data from the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PanCAN), Emory University School of Medicine (Atlanta, GA), and the FDA to understand recent approaches to these eligibility criteria. The group convened to develop consensus recommendations for broadened eligibility criteria. Results: The data analysis found that exclusion criteria based on washout periods and concomitant medications are frequently inconsistent and lack scientific rationale. Scientific rationale for appropriate eligibility criteria are presented in the article; for washout periods, rationale is presented by treatment type. Conclusions: Arbitrary or blanket washout and concomitant medication exclusions should be eliminated. Where there is evidence to support them, clinically relevant washout periods and concomitant medication–related eligibility criteria may be included. See related commentary by Giantonio, p. 2369
Abstract 10105: Superior Vena Cava-Right Atrial Junction Endocarditis in HIV Positive Patient With Active IV Drug Use
Authors: Usama Talib, Sneha Lakshman, Sohaib A Ansari, Yusef A Esparza Monzavi, Patrick L Gordan
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Tricuspid valve (TV) infective endocarditis (IE) is commonly associated with IV drug use (IVDU). Superior vena cava-right atrial junction (SVC-RA) vegetations have only been reported ...
Standard-Volume Plasma Exchange Improves Outcomes in Patients With Acute Liver Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rakhi Maiwall, Meenu Bajpai, Akanksha Singh, Tanvi Agarwal, Guresh Kumar, Ankit Bharadwaj, Nidhi Nautiyal, Harsh Tevethia, Rakesh Kumar Jagdish, Rajan Vijayaraghavan, Ashok Choudhury, Rajendra Prasad Mathur, Ashini Hidam, Nirupama Trehan Pati, Manoj Kumar Sharma, Anupam Kumar, Shiv Kumar Sarin
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
Data-Driven Computational Modeling Identifies Determinants of Glioblastoma Response to SHP2 Inhibition
Authors: Evan K. Day, Qing Zhong, Benjamin Purow, Matthew J. Lazzara
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Oncogenic protein tyrosine phosphatases have long been viewed as drug targets of interest, and recently developed allosteric inhibitors of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) have entered clinical trials. However, the ability of phosphatases to regulate many targets directly or indirectly and to both promote and antagonize oncogenic signaling may make the efficacy of phosphatase inhibition challenging to predict. Here we explore the consequences of antagonizing SHP2 in glioblastoma, a recalcitrant cancer where SHP2 has been proposed as a useful drug target. Measuring protein phosphorylation and expression in glioblastoma cells across 40 signaling pathway nodes in response to different drugs and for different oxygen tensions revealed that SHP2 antagonism has network-level, context-dependent signaling consequences that affect cell phenotypes (e.g., cell death) in unanticipated ways. To map specific signaling consequences of SHP2 antagonism to phenotypes of interest, a data-driven computational model was constructed based on the paired signaling and phenotype data. Model predictions aided in identifying three signaling processes with implications for treating glioblastoma with SHP2 inhibitors. These included PTEN-dependent DNA damage repair in response to SHP2 inhibition, AKT-mediated bypass resistance in response to chronic SHP2 inhibition, and SHP2 control of hypoxia-inducible factor expression through multiple MAPKs. Model-generated hypotheses were validated in multiple glioblastoma cell lines, in mouse tumor xenografts, and through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Collectively, these results suggest that in glioblastoma, SHP2 inhibitors antagonize some signaling processes more effectively than existing kinase inhibitors but can also limit the efficacy of other drugs when used in combination. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that allosteric SHP2 inhibitors have multivariate and context-dependent effects in glioblastoma that may make them useful components of some combination therapies, but not others.
Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis: time for a re-assessment
Authors: Mandy O J Grootaert, Martin R Bennett
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key participants in both early and late-stage atherosclerosis. VSMCs invade the early atherosclerotic lesion from the media, expanding lesions, but also forming a protective fibrous cap rich in extracellular matrix to cover the 'necrotic' core. Hence, VSMCs have been viewed as plaque-stabilizing, and decreased VSMC plaque content-often measured by expression of contractile markers-associated with increased plaque vulnerability. However, the emergence of lineage-tracing and transcriptomic studies has demonstrated that VSMCs comprise a much larger proportion of atherosclerotic plaques than originally thought, demonstrate multiple different phenotypes in vivo, and have roles that might be detrimental. VSMCs down-regulate contractile markers during atherosclerosis whilst adopting alternative phenotypes, including macrophage-like, foam cell-like, osteochondrogenic-like, myofibroblast-like, and mesenchymal stem cell-like. VSMC phenotypic switching can be studied in tissue culture, but also now in the media, fibrous cap and deep-core region, and markedly affects plaque formation and markers of stability. In this review, we describe the different VSMC plaque phenotypes and their presumed cellular and paracrine functions, the regulatory mechanisms that control VSMC plasticity, and their impact on atherogenesis and plaque stability.
Semaphorins as emerging clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer
Authors: Roberta Mastrantonio, Hua You, Luca Tamagnone
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Semaphorins are a large family of developmental regulatory signals, characterized by aberrant expression in human cancers. These molecules crucially control cell-cell communication, cell migration, invasion and metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, inflammatory and anti-cancer immune responses. Semaphorins comprise secreted and cell surface-exposed molecules and their receptors are mainly found in the Plexin and Neuropilin families, which are further implicated in a signaling network controlling the tumor microenvironment. Accumulating evidence indicates that semaphorins may be considered as novel clinical biomarkers for cancer, especially for the prediction of patient survival and responsiveness to therapy. Moreover, preclinical experimental studies have demonstrated that targeting semaphorin signaling can interfere with tumor growth and/or metastatic dissemination, suggesting their relevance as novel therapeutic targets in cancer; this has also prompted the development of semaphorin-interfering molecules for application in the clinic. Here we will survey, in diverse human cancers, the current knowledge about the relevance of semaphorin family members, and conceptualize potential lines of future research development in this field.
Negligible risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients in immune-tolerant phase: Myth or fact
Authors: Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2021)

See the Original "Negligible risks of hepatocellular carcinoma during biomarker-defined immune-tolerant phase for patients with chronic hepatitis B" on page 295.
Fertility and Tumor Development in (C57L × A)F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; Hybrid Mice Receiving X Radiation to Ovaries Only, to Whole Body, and to Whole Body with Ovaries Shielded
Authors: M K DERINGER, E LORENZ, D E UPHOFF
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1955)

Journal Article Fertility and Tumor Development in (C57L × A)F1 Hybrid Mice Receiving X Radiation to Ovaries Only, to Whole Body, and to Whole Body with Ovaries Shielded Get access Margaret K. Deringer, Margaret K. Deringer National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Egon Lorenz, Egon Lorenz National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Delta E. Uphoff Delta E. Uphoff National Cancer Institute,3Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 4, February 1955, Pages 931–941, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.4.931 Published: 01 February 1955 Article history Received: 13 October 1954 Published: 01 February 1955
Alternating sources of perisomatic inhibition during behavior
Authors: Barna Dudok, Peter M. Klein, Ernie Hwaun, Brian R. Lee, Zizhen Yao, Olivia Fong, John C. Bowler, Satoshi Terada, Fraser T. Sparks, Gergely G. Szabo, Jordan S. Farrell, Jim Berg, Tanya L. Daigle, Bosiljka Tasic, Jordane Dimidschstein, Gord Fishell, Attila Losonczy, Hongkui Zeng, Ivan Soltesz
Journal: Neuron (2021)
Glucose Control, Sulfonylureas, and Insulin Treatment in Elderly People With Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia and Death: An Observational Study
Authors: Suping Ling, Francesco Zaccardi, Claire Lawson, Samuel I. Seidu, Melanie J. Davies, Kamlesh Khunti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE To estimate the relative and absolute risk of severe hypoglycemia and mortality associated with glucose control, sulfonylureas, and insulin treatment in elderly people with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We identified elderly subjects (≥70 years old) with type 2 diabetes between 2000 and 2017 in the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink primary care database with linkage to hospitalization and death data. Subjects with three consecutive HbA1c values &amp;lt;7% (53 mmol/mol) while on insulin and/or sulfonylureas within 60 days prior to the third HbA1c value (exposed) were matched with subjects not exposed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and absolute risks were estimated for hospitalizations for severe hypoglycemia and cardiovascular and noncardiovascular-related mortality. RESULTS Among 22,857 included subjects (6,288 [27.5%] exposed, of whom 5,659 [90.0%] were on a sulfonylurea), 10,878 (47.6%) deaths and 1,392 (6.1%) severe hypoglycemic episodes occurred during the follow-up. In comparison with nonexposed subjects, the adjusted HR in exposed subjects was 2.52 (95% CI 2.23, 2.84) for severe hypoglycemia, 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) for noncardiovascular mortality. In a 70-, 75-, 80-, and 85-year-old subject, the 10-year risk of severe hypoglycemia was 7.7%, 8.1%, 8.6%, and 8.4% higher than in nonexposed subjects, while differences for noncardiovascular mortality ranged from 1.2% (95% CI −0.1, 2.5) in a 70-year-old to 1.6% (−0.2, 3.4) in an 85-year-old subject. Sulfonylurea and insulin use were more relevant predictors of severe hypoglycemia and death than were glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS Elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes and low HbA1c on sulfonylurea or insulin treatment experienced a substantially higher risk of hospitalization for severe hypoglycemia but had no clear evidence of increased risks of mortality.
Going Beyond Virus Biology: COVID-19's Impact on the Mental Health of Pediatric Populations in an Allergy Community
Authors: Jason Ohayon, Tenzin Gyaltsen, Tyler Seto, Vaidehi Bhatt, Wardha. Wardha, Ijaz Ogeer, Saajida Hosein, Vince Wu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in lockdowns and social isolation practices for all children. Identifying the mental health impact of COVID-19 in this population with allergic disease is essential, given the published behavioral challenges in the Allergic pediatric population (Ferro et al., 2015) A retrospective, 12 point questionnaire evaluating the mental health of younger children (aged 4-11) and 16 point questionnaire for older children/teens (aged 12-17) assessed the mental health impact of COVID-19 isolation. Data was collected from April to November 2020 in a community-based Allergy clinic. The above Mental Health and Anxiety Questionnaire (MHAQ) was based on a scoring system, 1-7, where 1 is "not at all agree" and 7 is "extremely agree". Parents assisted in clarifying questions when needed. Eighty-eight children (4-11) and fifty-seven teens (12-17) answered the MHAQ. Mean scores were compared with analyses of variance (ANOVA) and a two-tailed t-test. A significant difference in mean MHAQ scores was identified in younger (M = 44.5) versus older (M= 58.78) children, t (143) = -5.44, p = 2.3x10-7. Younger children displayed better mean MHAQ scores compared to teens. Older children experienced higher levels of anxiety compared to younger children from the impact of COVID-19 induced isolation. Age was shown to be a significant factor in contributing to anxious thoughts and behaviors. Appreciating these differences will assist Allergy consultants to be more sensitive to the impact on mood during counselling of allergic conditions, which have been associated with higher levels of anxiety pre-COVID-19.