tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Application of new treatment strategies for mCRC: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge and confidence.
Authors: Geoff Roy Fisher, Sanneke Koekkoek, Juliette Vandenbroucque, Julien Taieb
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

67 Background: This study determined whether online continuing medical education could improve the knowledge and confidence of cliniciansin the application of the latest strategies for the treatment of mCRC. Methods: A 30-minute online video panel discussion was launched for physicians outside the USA in March 2020. Data was collected to May 2020. Educational effect assessed with repeated-pairs pre-/post-activity, where individual participants served as their own control. 3 multiple-choice, knowledge questions and 1 self-efficacy, 5-point Likert scale confidence question were analyzed. Chi-squared test assessed pre- to post-activity change (5% significance level, P &lt; .05). Magnitude of change in total number of correct responses overall, and for each question, were determined with Cramer’s V ( &lt; .06 = Modest, 0.06-0.15 = Noticeable, .16-.26 = Considerable, &gt; .26 = Extensive). Results: 108 oncologists (oncs) and 33 gastroenterologists (gastros) completed pre- and post-activity questions. A positive educational effect was observed for oncs (noticeable effect, V = .123, P &lt; .01); average % correct increased from 71 to 81%. For gastros, there was a noticeable effect (V = .06) but P was not significant; correct responses increased from 49 to 56%. Clinicians with 3/3 answers correct increased post-activity (37 to 54% for oncs, 18 to 24%, for gastros). For oncs, improvements in % of correct responses post-activity were seen for questions on tailoring treatment to primary tumour location, outcome of the CRICKET trial on cetuximab re-challenge, and outcome of the BEACON trial in BRAF mutated mCRC (11%, 21%, and 13% relative changes, respectively). Relative changes of 25%, 18% and -17%, respectively, were observed for gastros. % of clinicians mostly or very confident with selecting optimal treatment strategy across the continuum of care improved post-activity, increasing from 33 to 58% for oncs and from 27 to 36% for gastros. Conclusions: This on-demand, online video panel discussion resulted in a positive education effect. However, the sample size for gastros was small and the post-activity change was not significant. Knowledge gaps remained post-activity, indicating the need for further education to support optimisation of the treatment of mCRC.
Extending Research Protections to Tribal Communities
Authors: Bobby Saunkeah, Julie A. Beans, Michael T. Peercy, Vanessa Y. Hiratsuka, Paul Spicer
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

The history of research in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities has been marked by unethical practices, resulting in mistrust and reluctance to participate in research. Harms are not limited to individual persons—tribal communities experience harmful misrepresentation and generalizations disrespectful of AI/AN groups' heritage, cultures, and beliefs. The Belmont Report's research ethics principles are applied primarily to protect individual research participants. The principles of sovereignty and solidarity are argued to be important concepts in extending Belmont's research protections to tribal communities. Sovereignty, an expression of respect for autonomy at a group level, is the basis for tribal self-determination. The principle of solidarity provides an ethical underpinning for tribes' obligations to protect community interests and culture. Extension of Belmont through these principles should serve to minimize harms to AI/AN groups in research.
Abstract 15487: Link Between Chronic Venous Disorders, Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in the General Population - Results From the Gutenberg Health Study
Authors: Jürgen H Prochaska, Andrea Falcke, Natalie Arnold, Sabrina Kopp, Andreas Schulz, Marina Panova-Noeva, Norbert Pfeiffer, Manfred Beutel, Harald Binder, Karl J Lackner, Christine Espinola-Klein, Thomas Münzel, Philipp S Wild
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Population-based investigations on the relation of chronic venous disorders with arterial cardiovascular disease are scarce. Hypothesis: Venous disorders are related to cardiovascular...
Clinical Evaluation of MR-Gated Respiratory Motion Correction in Simultaneous PET/MRI
Authors: Hui Li, Xiangxi Meng, Xiangping Guan, Nina Zhou, Hui Liu, Yan Zhang, Boqi Yu, Hua Zhu, Nan Li, Zhi Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

The recently available gated T1-weighted imaging with the Dixon technique enables the synchronized gating signal for both MR acquisition and PET reconstruction. Herein, we evaluated the clinical value of this MR-gated PET reconstruction in the thoracic-abdominal PET/MRI compared with non-MR-gated method.Twenty patients (28 hypermetabolic target lesions) underwent PET/MRI. Four types of PET images were reconstructed: non-MR-gating + gated attenuation correction (AC) (group A), MR-gating + gated AC (group B), non-MR-gating + breath-hold (BH) AC (group C), and MR-gating + BH AC (group D). A 4-point objective scale (from well match to obvious mismatch was scored from 3 to 0) was proposed to evaluate the mismatch. The detection rate and quantitative metrics were also evaluated.In the patient-based analysis, for groups A through D, the detection rates were 90%, 100%, 85%, and 90% as well as 95%, 100%, 85%, and 85%, assessed by readers 1 and 2, respectively, and significant difference of mismatch score was observed with the highest proportion of 3 points in group B (85%, 90%, 35%, and 40%, and 80%, 90%, 35%, and 20%, assessed by readers 1 and 2, respectively). The lesion-based analysis demonstrated significant differences in quantitative metrics for groups A through D (all P's < 0.05), with the highest quantitative metrics in group B (SUVmax: 7.49 ± 3.37, 8.45 ± 3.82, 6.90 ± 3.24, and 7.69 ± 3.50; SUVmean: 3.90 ± 1.60, 4.34 ± 1.84, 3.67 ± 1.61, and 4.03 ± 1.81; SUVpeak: 5.60 ± 2.50, 6.10 ± 2.80, 5.22 ± 2.40, and 5.65 ± 2.68; signal-to-noise ratio: 136.06 ± 90.58, 136.24 ± 81.63, 99.52 ± 53.16, and 107.57 ± 69.05).The MR-gated reconstruction using gated AC reduced the mismatch between MR and PET images and improved the thoracic-abdominal PET image quality in simultaneous PET/MRI systems.
AB0890 VITAMIN D PROMOTES BONE MINERAL DENSITY ACCRUAL AFTER DISCONTINUATION OF ALENDRONATE.
Authors: A. Catalano, F. Bellone, A. Gaudio, M. C. Sottile, S. A. Stoian, F. Lo Piano, S. Maisano, F. Corica, N. Morabito
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Vitamin D repletion is known to maximize the response to bisphosphonates (BPs) in terms of both bone mineral density (BMD) changes and anti-fracture efficacy. The contribute of vitamin to BMD after discontinuation of BPs has been poorly investigated. Objectives: To explore whether change of vitamin D status may contribute to the tail effect of alendronate (ALE) on BMD. Methods: Participants in this retrospective study were postmenopausal osteoporotic women exposed to ALE. Either cholecalciferol or calcifediol have been administered, as vitamin D supplementation in accordance to good clinical practice, during ALE treatment and after ALE discontinuation. BMD was evaluated by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at lumbar spine and femoral site. Vitamin D status has been checked by measuring 25(OH)D serum levels through HPLC. Surrogate bone formation and resorption markers (i.e. C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), respectively) were also evaluated. The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) served to estimate the participants’ 10-year fracture risk for major osteoporotic and hip fracture. Results: 88 postmenopausal osteoporotic women (age 61.14 ± 6.96 yr.) were included in the final analysis. The 10-year probability of major and hip fractures was 18.31±11.51 and 8.60 ± 10.55 %, respectively. Participants were exposed to ALE treatment for 31.27 ± 20.69 months; then they stopped treatment for 33.33 ± 18.97 months. Change of BMD was inversely related to drug holiday (r=-0.27, p=0.005). Modification of 25(OH)D was inversely associated with change of ALP (r=-0.22, p=0.018) and CTX levels (r=-0.3, p=0.06). By distributing participants in tertiles according to variation of 25(OH)D levels over time, women allocated in the tertile with the higher increase of 25(OH)D showed a 5.7% BMD gain that was two times larger in comparison with participants with lower increase of 25(OH)D. At a multiple regression analysis, after correcting for ALE treatment duration, bone turn-over marker modifications, BMI and age at menopause, BMD change at lumbar spine was significantly associated with time since menopause (ß=2.28, SE 0.44, p&lt;0.0001), FRAX score (ß=-0.65, SE 0.29, p=0.03), drug holiday duration (ß=-2.17, SE 0.27, p&lt;0.0001) and change of 25(OH)D levels (ß=0.15 SE 0.03, p=0.0007). Conclusion: After ALE discontinuation, modification of BMD are strictly associated with change of vitamin D status. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
AB0060 Intravenous pulse of methotrexate and methylprednisolone/dexamethasone in the treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: SK Soloviev, NY Nykishina, EA Asseeva
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the effect of combination of high doses of Methotrexate and Pulse-therapy of corticosteroids in 12 months¢ trial. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty one patients with systemic rheumatoid arthritis, resistance to basic medication, corticosteroid dependency were included into the study. Intravenous (i.v) pulse-therapy was provided for 3 days by methylprednisolone of 15/mg/kg/d or dexamethasone of 2/mg/kg/d. Methotrexate of 100 mg i.v. was administrated on 7 and 30 days of the treatment, after that all patients were prescribed Methotrexat in dosage of 20 mg i.m. for 11 months. <h3>Results</h3> Clinical effects of treatment and the regression of inflammatory activity were rapid and excellent in 1 month and prolonged during 6‑12 months. There was 20% improvement in the joint pain index and joint swelling index in &gt; 95%, 45%, 65% of the patients in a 1, 6, 12 months therapy respectively. In a year was observed the significant decrease of Wilke?s Index activity and Index severity. There were a marked fall in ESR, CRP and TNF. 12 pts had no radiographic progression in one year therapy. Side effects were minimal, In 43% causes were observed dyspepsia. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Intravenous pulse of methotrexate and methylprednisolone/dexamethasone in the treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis appeared to be useful regimen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with systemic manifestations, resistance to basic medication, corticosteroid dependency.
AB0199 Anti-tnf monoclonal antibody used for scintigraphic visualisation of synovitis in ra
Authors: P Barrera, WJ Oyen, OC Boerman, LB Van de Putte, FH Corstens, PL Van Riel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a crucial proinflammatory cytokine present in inflamed joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Therapies using anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies (MAb) have proven their efficacy in RA and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Such antibodies could also be used to detect inflammation. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the potential of a <sup>99</sup>Tc-labelled anti-TNFα MAb to image synovitis in patients with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> Eight consenting patients with active RA, defined as a disease activity score (DAS) &gt; 3.2 were enrolled in the study. No previous anti-TNFα therapy was allowed. NSAIDs and low-dose steroids were kept stable during the study. Patients received a single dose of 300 MBq <sup>99</sup>Tc-labelled anti-TNFα MAb and whole body images and spot views were obtained with a double-headed gamma camera. <h3>Results</h3> Prominent uptake of the radiolabeled anti-TNFα MAb was clearly visible in inflamed joints of all patients examined. The distribution of the label was compatible with binding to both soluble and membrane-bound TNFα. To elucidate the latter, displacement studies are now in process. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results show that scintigraphic detection of inflammation with anti-TNFα MAb is feasible. The potential use of this technique to monitor disease activity and response to therapy deserves further investigation.
On the quantum principles of cognitive learning
Authors: Alexandre de Castro
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Pothos &amp; Busemeyer's (P&amp;B's) query about whether quantum probability can provide a foundation for the cognitive modeling embodies so many underlying implications that the subject is far from exhausted. In this brief commentary, however, I suggest that the conceptual thresholds of the meaningful learning give rise to a typical Boltzmann's weighting measure, which indicates a statistical verisimilitude of quantum behavior in the human cognitive ensemble.
An abundant biliary metabolite derived from dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids regulates triglycerides
Authors: Trisha J. Grevengoed, Samuel A.J. Trammell, Jens S. Svenningsen, Mikhail V. Makarov, Thomas Svava Nielsen, Jens Christian Brings Jacobsen, Jonas T. Treebak, Philip C. Calder, Marie E. Migaud, Benjamin F. Cravatt, Matthew P. Gillum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil reduce triglyceride levels in mammals, yet the mechanisms underlying this effect have not been fully clarified, despite the clinical use of omega-3 ethyl esters to treat severe hypertriglyceridemia and reduce cardiovascular disease risk in humans. Here, we identified in bile a class of hypotriglyceridemic omega-3 fatty acid–derived N-acyl taurines (NATs) that, after dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, increased to concentrations similar to those of steroidal bile acids. The biliary docosahexaenoic acid–containing (DHA-containing) NAT C22:6 NAT was increased in human and mouse plasma after dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and potently inhibited intestinal triacylglycerol hydrolysis and lipid absorption. Supporting this observation, genetic elevation of endogenous NAT levels in mice impaired lipid absorption, whereas selective augmentation of C22:6 NAT levels protected against hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver. When administered pharmacologically, C22:6 NAT accumulated in bile and reduced high-fat diet–induced, but not sucrose-induced, hepatic lipid accumulation in mice, suggesting that C22:6 NAT is a negative feedback mediator that limits excess intestinal lipid absorption. Thus, biliary omega-3 NATs may contribute to the hypotriglyceridemic mechanism of action of fish oil and could influence the design of more potent omega-3 fatty acid–based therapeutics.
Pros and Cons in Using Population-Based Registers for Assessing the Fetal Safety of Drugs—Reply
Authors: Niklas Worm Andersson, Jon Trærup Andersen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
SAT0257 IMAGING MANIFESTATIONS OF PULMONARY INVOLVEMENT IN TAKAYASU ARTERITIS
Authors: Z. Li, J. Ding, Z. Zheng, P. Zhu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a form of chronic large vessel vasculitis. Recently, we found that some patients had lung manifestations and abnormal computed tomography (CT) results that cannot be explained by other causes. And so far, the prevalence of pulmonary features of TA is uncertain. Objectives: To investigate the imaging findings of lung involvement in patients with TA by high-resolution CT (HRCT) at a single center of China, and analyze the associations with mortality. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out of TA patients (n = 237, 200 women) who had routine HRCT scanning performed at the time of diagnosis from 2008 to 2018 at Xijing Hospital, Xi’an (China). Radiological manifestations of pulmonary involvement were evaluated from the HRCT images by two experienced radiologists. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary disorder (i.e., infections, tumors, except tuberculosis) have been excluded. Results: The median age of patients was 33 years (range 18-74), and the duration of disease was 66±55 months. Of all the patients, 57.8% (137/237) had abnormal lung HRCT results. Among them, 29.2% (40/137) of patients had pulmonary arterial involvement, including artery stenosis or occlusion. Mild pulmonary interstitial hyperplasia was the most common abnormal HRCT findings (27.4%, 65/237) observed in TA patients. Moreover, the frequencies of stripe/patchy shadows and nodule were 22.7% (53/237) and 15.6% (37/237), respectively. Pleural effusion was rare in these patients (10/237). Additionally, there are 9 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis, 14 cases of suspected tuberculosis, and 9 cases of obsolete pulmonary tuberculosis. The common symptoms associated with lung were dyspnea (42%), cough (14%), chest pain (9.1%), and hemoptysis (4.9%). In a Cox regression model, there was no significant correlation between pulmonary involvement and mortality (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Pulmonary abnormalities on HRCT scanning is common among patients with TA. Apart from tuberculosis-related lesions and pulmonary arterial involvement, these manifestations are probably part of non-specific systemic inflammation of TA. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Racial Inequities in Pediatric Emergency Care
Authors: Anupam B. Kharbanda
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Jennifer R. Marin, MD, MSc; Jonathan Rodean, MPP; Matt Hall, PhD; Elizabeth R. Alpern, MD, MSCE; Paul L. Aronson, MD, MHS; Pradip P. Chaudhari, MD; Eyal Cohen, MD, MSc; Stephen B. Freedman, MDCM, MSc; Rustin B. Morse, MD, MMM; Alon Peltz, MD, MBA; Margaret Samuels-Kalow, MD, MPhil, MSHP; Samir S. Shah, MD, MSCE; Harold K. Simon, MD, MBA; Mark I. Neuman, MD, MPH
Morning for Irofulven, What Could be fiNER?
Authors: Haoyang Jiang, Roger A. Greenberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Cancers with DNA repair dysfunction are vulnerable to DNA-damaging agents that invoke a requirement for the disabled repair mechanism. Genome sequencing, coupled with a detailed understanding of mechanisms of DNA repair, has accelerated the discovery of pathway-selective agents that target DNA repair deficiencies in a tumor tissue agnostic manner. See related articles by Topka et al., p. 1997 and Börcsök et al., p. 2011
Evaluation of Clear Cell, Papillary, and Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis Sites and Association With Survival
Authors: Shaan Dudani, Guillermo de Velasco, J. Connor Wells, Chun Loo Gan, Frede Donskov, Camillo Porta, Anna Fraccon, Felice Pasini, Jae Lyun Lee, Aaron Hansen, Georg A. Bjarnason, Benoit Beuselinck, Sumanta K. Pal, Takeshi Yuasa, Nils Kroeger, Ravindran Kanesvaran, M. Neil Reaume, Christina Canil, Toni K. Choueiri, Daniel Y. C. Heng
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

There exists considerable biological and clinical variability between histologic variants of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Data reporting on patterns of metastasis in histologic variants of mRCC are sparse.To characterize sites of metastasis and their association with survival across the 3 most common histologic variants of mRCC: clear cell (ccRCC), papillary (pRCC), and chromophobe (chrRCC).In this multicenter, international cohort study, the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) database was used to identify consecutive patients starting systemic therapy for mRCC between 2002 and 2019. Patients with mixed histologic subtype were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed from February to June 2020.Data regarding histologic subtype and sites of metastatic involvement at the time of first systemic therapy initiation were collected.The primary outcomes were prevalence of metastatic site involvement and overall survival (OS) from time of systemic therapy initiation. Patients with multiple sites of metastatic involvement were included in analyses of all groups to which they had metastases.A total of 10 105 patients were eligible for analysis. Median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis was 60 (53-67) years, 7310 (72.4%) were men and 8526 (84.5%) underwent nephrectomy. Of these, 9252 (92%) had ccRCC, 667 (7%) had pRCC, and 186 (2%) had chrRCC. The median number of sites of metastasis was 2 (range, 0-7). In ccRCC, the most common sites of metastasis were lung (70%; 6189 of 8804 patients [448 missing]), lymph nodes (45%; 3874 of 8655 patients [597 missing]), bone (32%; 2847 of 8817 patients [435 missing]), liver (18%; 1560 of 8804 [448 missing]), and adrenal gland (10%; 678 of 6673 patients [2579 missing]). Sites of metastasis varied between subtypes. Lung, adrenal, brain, and pancreatic metastases were more frequent in ccRCC, lymph node involvement was more common in pRCC, and liver metastases were more frequent in chrRCC. Median OS for ccRCC varied by site of metastatic involvement, ranging between 16 months (95% CI, 13.7-18.8 months) for the pleura and 50 months (95% CI, 41.1-55.5 months) for the pancreas. Compared with ccRCC, patients with pRCC tended to have lower OS, regardless of metastatic site.Sites of metastatic involvement differ according to histologic subtype in mRCC and are associated with OS. These data highlight the clinical and biological variability between histologic subtypes of mRCC. Patterns of metastatic spread may reflect differences in underlying disease biology. Further work to investigate differences in immune, molecular, and genetic profiles between metastatic sites and histologic subtypes is encouraged.