tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Subtyping of mild cognitive impairment using a deep learning model based on brain atrophy patterns
Authors: Kichang Kwak, Kelly S. Giovanello, Andrea Bozoki, Martin Styner, Eran Dayan
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)

Trajectories of cognitive decline vary considerably among individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To address this heterogeneity, subtyping approaches have been developed, with the objective of identifying more homogeneous subgroups. To date, subtyping of MCI has been based primarily on cognitive measures, often resulting in indistinct boundaries between subgroups and limited validity. Here, we introduce a subtyping method for MCI based solely upon brain atrophy. We train a deep learning model to differentiate between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitively normal (CN) subjects based on whole-brain MRI features. We then deploy the trained model to classify MCI subjects based on whole-brain gray matter resemblance to AD-like or CN-like patterns. We subsequently validate the subtyping approach using cognitive, clinical, fluid biomarker, and molecular imaging data. Overall, the results suggest that atrophy patterns in MCI are sufficiently heterogeneous and can thus be used to subtype individuals into biologically and clinically meaningful subgroups.
Restrictive spirometry pattern and abnormal cardiopulmonary response to exercise in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Rishika Banydeen, Giuseppe Vergaro, Antoine Deney, Astrid Monfort, Michele Emdin, Olivier Lairez, Anna Gaelle Giguet, Jocelyn Inamo, Remi Neviere
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>Restrictive spirometry pattern and abnormal cardiopulmonary response to exercise might prove insightful in better understanding the functional profile of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis</b> https://bit.ly/3m6sWYd
In Brief
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How to Avoid Complications of Potent Diuretics
Authors: Roy H. Maffly
Journal: JAMA (1976)

EFFECTIVE use of diuretic drugs requires an understanding of the principles involved in their action. I have found that posing the following questions often will in turn clarify questions and problems raised by physicians consulting me. <h3>1. What is the goal of treating a patient with a diuretic drug?</h3> Clearly, the practical goal is improved health of your patient, but the drug itself cannot guarantee this goal. The drugs included in the term "diuretic"—as the term is ordinarily used today—directly accomplish one thing only, a decrease in the amount of sodium in the body. This decrease in total-body sodium will usually lead to decrease in the amount of water associated with sodium throughout the body and thus in loss of accumulations of extracellular fluids such as edema, ascites, and pleural effusion. The obvious corollary of this statement is that if you<i>do not</i>want to reduce the total body sodium
Society Proceedings
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P351: Evaluation of Analytic Approaches to Ceiling Effect in Patient-Reported Functional Status After Stroke
Authors: Bailey M DeBarmore, Samantha R Schilsky, Matthew A Psioda, Sara B Jones, Anna M Kucharska-Newton, Wayne D Rosamond
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Setting: Researchers use several tools to measure functional status in stroke patients. Analyses often use simple linear models, which assume a common treatment effect regardless of stroke severity. However, patients with mild stroke or TIA may perform at the maximum of an instrument, or the ceiling. The presence of a so-called ceiling effect conflicts with the normality assumption of linear models and can diminish the ability to detect efficacy, unless addressed in study design and analyses. Objectives: Our objectives were to (1) review the literature describing the instruments used to measure functional status and the analytic methods used in the presence of ceiling effect; and to (2) valuate methods which may be used to account for treatment effect heterogeneity induced by ceiling effect in comparative effectiveness trials of post-stroke functional status outcomes. Methods: The literature review was conducted by two reviewers using PubMed. To compare type I error control and power in the presence of a ceiling effect, we used simulation studies and compared linear, logistic, and cumulative logistic models. Data were simulated to mirror the empirical distribution of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scores found in the published data from the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) clinical trial, a study of lacunar stroke patients, in which there was a pronounced ceiling effect. To accommodate treatment effect heterogeneity induced by ceiling effect, we explored stratification by stroke severity. Results: Our literature review yielded 262 stroke clinical trials that included patient reported outcomes. Only 41% of trials cited ceiling effect in the functional status instrument used; most did not account for it in their analyses. Our simulation studies demonstrate that while linear modeling may result in well controlled type 1 error rates in the presence of pronounced ceiling effect, study power may be unacceptably low. Dichotomizing the outcome and directly modeling the probability of maximum scores with logistic models may be preferred. In contrast, when outcome scores in the untreated group cover the range of the instrument, use of a linear model may be advantageous over logistic models that categorize the outcome. Conclusions: It is important to consider the distribution of functional outcome scores in target stroke population when developing the analysis strategy for a study, perhaps by conducting a pilot study. Specifically, it is important to evaluate if the instrument being used can identify change in outcomes in low-severity groups. Lastly, powering the study to identify lesser treatment effect in low-severity patients may be useful as a secondary trial aim rather than attempting to establish benefit in all patients as a primary outcome.
ABCC1 modulates negative feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in vivo in humans
Authors: Catriona J. Kyle, Mark Nixon, Natalie Z.M. Homer, Ruth A. Morgan, Ruth Andrew, Roland H. Stimson, Brian R. Walker
Journal: Metabolism (2022)

BackgroundCortisol and corticosterone both circulate in human plasma and, due to differing export by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, may exert differential cellular effects. ABCB1 (expressed in brain) exports cortisol not corticosterone while ABCC1 (expressed in adipose and skeletal muscle) exports corticosterone not cortisol. We hypothesised that ABCC1 inhibition increases corticosteroid receptor occupancy by corticosterone but not cortisol in humans.MethodsA randomised double-blind crossover study was conducted in 14 healthy men comparing placebo and ABCC1 inhibitor probenecid. Blood sampling, including from veins draining adipose and muscle, was undertaken before and after administration of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist potassium canrenoate and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone (RU486).ResultsDuring placebo, systemic plasma cortisol and corticosterone concentrations increased promptly after canrenoate. Cortisol uptake was detected from adipose but not muscle following canrenoate + RU486. Probenecid significantly increased systemic cortisol concentrations, and tended to increase corticosterone and ACTH concentrations, after combined receptor antagonism but had no effects on net glucocorticoid balance in either adipose or muscle. Using quantitative PCR in brain bank tissue, ABCC1 expression was 5-fold higher in human pituitary than hypothalamus and hippocampus. ABCB1 was more highly expressed in hypothalamus compared to pituitary.ConclusionsAlthough displacement of corticosterone and/or cortisol from receptors in adipose and skeletal muscle could not be measured with sufficient precision to detect effects of probenecid, ABCC1 inhibition induced a greater incremental activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after combined receptor blockade, consistent with ABCC1 exporting corticosterone from the pituitary and adding to the evidence that ABC transporters modulate tissue glucocorticoid sensitivity.
Oxaliplatin in metastatic colorectal cancer: Does hepatic arterial infusion reduce sensitive neuropathy compared to the intravenous route?
Authors: Marine Valery, Marie Laure Tanguy, Valérie Boige, Cristina Smolenschi, Antoine Hollebecque, Alina Fuerea, Caroline Klotz-Prieux, Leonor Benhaim, Thierry Debaere, Maximiliano Gelli, Lambros Tselikas, Michel Ducreux, David Malka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

95 Background: Oxaliplatin, a major drug in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC), is responsible for a cumulative and limiting peripheral neuropathy (PN). Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy, which makes sense in cases of exclusive or predominant liver metastases, increases the intratumor concentration of the administered drug(s) to improve efficacy and limit systemic toxicity. Methods: We compared the frequency and severity of NP in oxaliplatin-naive patients with MCRC included in trials that evaluated treatment with oxaliplatin administered either by HAI (CHOICE, OSCAR, and PACHA-01 trials) or by intravenous (IV) route (FFCD 2000-05 trial). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of clinically significant NP (grade 2-4) according to the cumulative dose of oxaliplatin received. The secondary endpoints were the occurence of severe NP (grade 3-4) and time to onset of NP. Results: 342 patients were included (IV oxaliplatin: 300; HAI: 42). 180 patients in the IV group (60%) and 24 patients in the HAI group (57%) developed clinically significant NP, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (p = 0.85). 95 patients in the IV group (32%) and 8 patients in the HAI group (19%) developed severe NP, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (p = 0.082). NP appeared earlier in the HAI group, with more treatment discontinuations for neurotoxicity. Conclusions: The administration of oxaliplatin HAI rather than IV in the treatment of MCRC does not seem to reduce the incidence, precocity and severity of NP.
Coexisting thyroid disease and myasthenia gravis
Authors: S. S. Stoffer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> It is becoming increasingly apparent that antiprostaglandin drugs are the treatment of choice for alleviating the pain of dysmenorrhea. They are safer than both narcotics and oral contraceptives. I chose to investigate mefenamic acid in 1976 after reading of the effectiveness of a sister fenamate used in a small Israeli study. I began the drug treatment at the onset rather than before menses for two reasons: (1) to prevent the inadvertent taking of the drug by an unknowingly pregnant patient, and (2) to medicate with the smallest possible effective dose. Drug safety has always been utmost in my mind. I have taken the drug myself during the past 3 1/2 years, as have some 300 of my patients. The<i>Medical Letter</i>, which is referred to by Souney et al, issued its report based on a small study of drug reactions dating from the early 1960s. Current information, based
Early relapse is an adverse prognostic marker in systemic immunoglobulin light chain (AL) Amyloidosis
Authors: Sriram Ravichandran, Steven Law, Shameem Mahmood, Brenden Wisniowski, Darren Foard, Marianna Fontana, Ana Martinez-Naharro, Carol Whelan, Julian D. Gillmore, Helen J. Lachmann, Philip N. Hawkins, Ashutosh D. Wechalekar
Journal: Leukemia (2022)

Systemic Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a proteinmisfolding disorder associated with an underlying monoclonal B-cell or plasma cell dyscrasia.Whilst the prognosis of AL has markedly improved with novel agents [1], it remains incurable with a relapsing-remitting course, necessitating multiple treatment lines.Baseline cardiac bio-markers [2] and the depth of response to initial therapy [2][3][4] are critical prognostic variables.Early relapse confers a poor prognosis in Myeloma [5][6][7].There is little information on the impact of response durability on outcomes in AL.The dual pathology in AL (the clonal biology and the organ dysfunction due to amyloid deposition) lead to a complex interplay of factors.We have recently demonstrated that outcomes after each relapse episode are similar, i.e., deaths occur at each relapse [8].Here, we assess the impact of timing of relapse on outcomes in a cohort of AL patients treated with upfront Bortezomib. PATIENTS & METHODSAll patients treated with frontline Bortezomib in 2010-2019 at the National Amyloidosis Centre, UK, are included in the analysis.Patients with primary refractory disease, those with ≤24 months follow up and continuing response and those who received 2nd line therapy for reasons other than progression are excluded from the analysis.We report response (complete response-CR; very good partial response-VGPR; partial response-PR) based on the validated ISA criteria.[2] We report haematologic progression based on the consensus criteria published by the ISA (ISA Criteria, Table SA1) [9].We also report progression based on the recently published "high-risk" dFLC (difference between involved and uninvolved light chains) criteria (Pavia Criteria, Table SA1) [10].We define progression as earlier of the two criteria (conventional or high-risk dFLC).We analysed the survival of patients based on the cut-offs reported in Myeloma (≤12 months & ≤24 months).Due to the high and ongoing early mortality from end-organ damage in cardiac AL (even in patients in a deep response as we and other authors have previously reported), which persists at 12 months from diagnosis [8,11], to keep the focus on the impact of clonal progression in this manuscript and to avoid introducing a bias due
Balloon-protected carotid artery stenting: Maximum area of captured particles predicts periprocedural neurological complications Thilo Tuebler, Michael Schlueter, Horst Sievert, Ilka Boesenberg, Eberhard Grube, Juergen Waigand, Olaf Dirsch, Joachim Schofer. Center for Cardiology, Angiology and Vascular Intervention, Hamburg, Germany
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Correction to: REal worlD Effectiveness and Safety of Mepolizumab in a Multicentric Spanish Cohort of Asthma Patients Stratified by Eosinophils: The REDES Study
Authors: Christian Domingo Ribas, Teresa Carrillo Díaz, Marina Blanco Aparicio, Eva Martínez Moragón, David Banas Conejero, M. Guadalupe Sánchez Herrero, Mariana Muñoz, Héctor Cabrerizo, Antonio Valero, Ebymar Arismendi, Irina Bobolea, Gemma López, Celia Pinedo, Francisco Javier González-Barcala, Purificación Pérez-López-Carona, Jacinto Ramos-González, Javier Martín-Puentes, Gregorio Soto-Campos, Francisco Pérez-Grimaldi, Inmaculada Lluch, Juan Luis García-Rivero, Celia Gutierrez-Villegas, Idoia Salinas-Garrido, Cleofé Fernández-Aracil, Luis Puente-Maestu, Walther Iván Girón, Ángela Gómez-Sacristán, Miguel Díaz-Palacios, Ethel Ibáñez, Irene De Lorenzo, Ana Sogo, Daniel Ross-Monserrate, Elena Prina, Eusebi Chiner-Vives, Sandra Vañes, Rocío Díaz-Campos, Ismael García-Moguel, Carmen Montero, María Fernandez-Marrube, Tamara Hermida-Valverde, Anaís Enríquez, Nuria Marina-Malanda, Ana Gómez-Larrauri, Antonio García-Dumpiérrez, Rodolfo Castillo-Sainz, Nancy Ortega, Lourdes Almeida, Luis Cabanes, Santiago Quirce, Javier Domínguez-Ortega, David Romero, Irene Hernández, Daniel Laorden, Carolina Cisneros, Antolín López-Viña, Andrea Trisán, Teresa Caruana-Careaga, Ana Gómez-Bastero, Lucía Marín-Barrera
Journal: Drugs (2021)
Association of C-reactive protein levels but not chlamydia pneuminae IgG antibody titers with aortic valve sclerosis: A population-based study Yoram Agmon, Bijoy K. Khandheria, Irene Meissner, JoRean D. Sicks, W. M. O'Fallon, David O. Wiebers, Thomas F. Smith, James M. Steckelberg, James B. Seward, A. J. Tajik. Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Antituberculosis Drugs and Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Jussi J. Saukkonen, David L. Cohn, Robert M. Jasmer, Steven Schenker, John A. Jereb, Charles M. Nolan, Charles A. Peloquin, Fred M. Gordin, David Nunes, John Bernardo, Raman Venkataramanan, Timothy R. Sterling
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)
Intra-host SARS-CoV-2 single-nucleotide variants emerged during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic forecast population fixing mutations
Authors: Yi Zhang, Ning Jiang, Weiqiang Qi, Tao Li, Yumeng Zhang, Haocheng Zhang, Jing Wu, Zhaoqin Zhu, Jingwen Ai, Chao Qiu, Wenhong Zhang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Cross reactivity of spike glycoprotein induced antibody against Delta and Omicron variants before and after third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose in healthy and immunocompromised individuals
Authors: Sian Faustini, Adrian Shields, Gemma Banham, Nadezhda Wall, Saly Al-Taei, Chloe Tanner, Zahra Ahmed, Elena Efstathiou, Neal Townsend, Margaret Goodall, Tim Plant, Marisol Perez-Toledo, Aleksandra Jasiulewicz, Ruth Price, James McLaughlin, John Farnan, Julie Moore, Louise Robertson, Andrew Nesbit, Grace Curry, Amy Black, Adam Cunningham, Lorraine Harper, Tara Moore, Mark Drayson, Alex Richter
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Medical Genetics
Authors: Julie R. Korenberg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Medical genetics and the Human Genome Project<sup>1</sup>have come of age and are now of prime importance for clinical medicine. Important advances have been made, especially in the area of cancer. Rapid progress has been made toward elucidation of the molecular basis of hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, which is responsible for almost 15% of all colon cancers. Mutations in four distinct mismatch repair genes, which play a key role in maintaining fidelity during DNA replication and repair in bacteria and higher organisms, have now been identified in patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer.<sup>2</sup> Another landmark in cancer genetics in 1994 was the isolation of a gene for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility (<i>BRCA1</i>) that appears to belong to the class of tumor suppressor genes.<sup>3</sup>An estimated 5% of breast cancers are familial, and the majority of these cases are attributable to two genes,<i>BRCA1</i>(located at 17q12-q21)
Neural responses to affective speech, including motherese, map onto clinical and social eye tracking profiles in toddlers with ASD
Authors: Yaqiong Xiao, Teresa H. Wen, Lauren Kupis, Lisa T. Eyler, Disha Goel, Keith Vaux, Michael V. Lombardo, Nathan E. Lewis, Karen Pierce, Eric Courchesne
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2022)
Error in Discussion
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Takuya Hara, MD; Kenji Furuno, MD, PhD; Kenichiro Yamamura, MD, PhD; Junji Kishimoto, PhD; Yumi Mizuno, MD, PhD; Kenji Murata, MD, PhD; Sagano Onoyama, MD, PhD; Ken Hatae, MD, PhD; Megumi Takemoto, MD, PhD; Yoshito Ishizaki, MD, PhD; Shunsuke Kanno, MD, PhD; Kazuo Sato, MD, PhD; Yoshitomo Motomura, MD, PhD; Yasunari Sakai, MD, PhD; Shouichi Ohga, MD, PhD; Mayumi Yashiro, BA; Yoshikazu Nakamura, MD, PhD; Toshiro Hara, MD, PhD
Survivorship in AML - Outcomes of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Patients (pts) after Maintaining Complete Remission (CR) for at Least 3 Years (yrs)
Authors: Catherine Kendall Major, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Gautam Borthakur, Tapan M. Kadia, Naveen Pemmaraju, Nicholas J Short, Naval G. Daver, Elias J. Jabbour, Richard E Champlin, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Marina Y. Konopleva, Michael Andreeff, Steven M. Kornblau, William G. Wierda, Sherry A. Pierce, Farhad Ravandi, Jorge E. Cortes
Journal: Blood (2018)
Formulas for general practice prescribing budgets need to be piloted
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ultrasound treatment relieves pain in carpal tunnel syndromeNo effective conservative treatment exists for carpal tunnel syndrome, and surgical decompression is often performed.In a randomised, "sham" controlled study of an intensive schedule of 20 sessions of ultrasound treatment, Ebenbichler et al (p 731) found that treatment led to short and medium term relief of pain and neurological symptoms in patients with mild to moderate forms of the syndrome.Optimal schedules of ultrasound treatment used alone or in combination with other medical treatments await elucidation.Long term efficacy is yet to be determined.