tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i> and <i>In vitro</i> Evidence for Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Mediated Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jonathan R.E. Rees, Benjamin A. Onwuegbusi, Vicki E. Save, Derek Alderson, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

There is increasing evidence that epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in cancer progression. Because local invasion and metastasis occurs early in the pathogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma, we hypothesized that EMT may be important in this disease. Using immunohistochemistry in a well-characterized set of adenocarcinoma tissues, we showed down-regulation of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and cytokeratin 18) and up-regulation of mesenchymal markers (vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin) with concomitant transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression at the invasive margin compared with the central tumor. A panel of esophageal cell lines was examined for the ability of TGF-beta1 to induce EMT in vitro. TE7 cells were selected as a model because TGF-beta1 (0-5 ng/mL) treatment induced morphologic and molecular expression changes suggestive of EMT. In TE7 cells, these TGF-beta1-induced changes were reversed by 100 ng/mL of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), another member of the TGF-beta1 superfamily. EMT was mediated via canonical TGF-beta1 signaling with concomitant up-regulation of SMAD-interacting protein 1. Alterations in functional variables (aggregation, wounding, motility, and invasion) following TGF-beta1 treatment were consistent with a more invasive phenotype. These functional changes were reversed by BMP7 and SMAD4 RNA interference in vitro. These data suggest that TGF-beta1-mediated EMT may be relevant in esophageal carcinogenesis.
Evaluating statistical approaches to define clonal origin of tumours using bulk DNA sequencing: context is everything
Authors: Tanjina Kader, Magnus Zethoven, Kylie L. Gorringe
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

Abstract Clonal analysis of tumour sequencing data enables the evaluation of the relationship of histologically distinct synchronous lesions, such as co-existing benign areas, and temporally distinct tumours, such as primary-recurrence comparisons. In this review, we summarise statistical approaches that are commonly employed to define tumour clonal relatedness using data from bulk DNA technologies. We discuss approaches using total copy number, allele-specific copy number and mutation data, and the relative genomic resolution required for analysis and summarise some of the current tools for inferring clonal relationships. We argue that the impact of the biological context is critical in selecting any particular approach, such as the relative genomic complexity of the lesions being compared, and we recommend considering this context before employing any method to a new dataset.
Practical Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

more effective in men than women in the prteention of reinfarction.This was also found in the preVention of venous thrombosis and thromboembolism after hip surgery.It is suggested that the dose of aspirin in some trials may have been too large to be effective, especially in women.One study, using a very small dose, 160 mg daily, had been equally successful in men and women in preventing thrombus formation in arteriovenous shunts in patients on haemodialysis.One paper suggests that a small dose blocks the formation of thromboxane A2 while not affecting the beneficial protacyclin.The report on this Aspirin Symposium is particularly important to both aspirinl and cardio- vascular research, because it gives an opportunity of take stock and see which directions future research in these fields should take.
Communities' assessment of their own needs will improve quality of humanitarian aid
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Decision aids do improve patients' decision makingTrials of aids to help patients consider the benefits and harms of medical treatments show that they improve patients' knowledge, comfort, and participation in decision making without increasing anxiety.The systematic review by O'Connor et al (p 731) also found that decision aids had little effect on satisfaction and an inconsistent effect on patients' decisions.The trials of decision aids focused on hormone therapy, circumcision, screening for cancer and genetic disorders, and treatments for prostate cancer, breast cancer, and heart disease.The results consistently showed that decision aids were better than usual practice.
Orthogonal representations for robust context-dependent task performance in brains and neural networks
Authors: Timo Flesch, Keno Juechems, Tsvetomira Dumbalska, Andrew Saxe, Christopher Summerfield
Journal: Neuron (2022)

How do neural populations code for multiple, potentially conflicting tasks? Here we used computational simulations involving neural networks to define "lazy" and "rich" coding solutions to this context-dependent decision-making problem, which trade off learning speed for robustness. During lazy learning the input dimensionality is expanded by random projections to the network hidden layer, whereas in rich learning hidden units acquire structured representations that privilege relevant over irrelevant features. For context-dependent decision-making, one rich solution is to project task representations onto low-dimensional and orthogonal manifolds. Using behavioral testing and neuroimaging in humans and analysis of neural signals from macaque prefrontal cortex, we report evidence for neural coding patterns in biological brains whose dimensionality and neural geometry are consistent with the rich learning regime.
Enhancing autophagy maturation with CCZ1-MON1A complex alleviates neuropathology and memory defects in Alzheimer disease models
Authors: Cui-Zan Cai, Xu-Xu Zhuang, Qi Zhu, Ming-Yue Wu, Huanxing Su, Xiao-jin Wang, Ashok Iyaswamy, Zhenyu Yue, Qian Wang, Bin Zhang, Yu Xue, Jieqiong Tan, Min Li, Huanhuan He, Jia-Hong Lu
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Rationale: Impairment of autophagy maturation has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.However, the mechanism for this impairment has not been elucidated, and whether enhancing autophagy maturation is a viable therapeutic strategy for AD has not been verified.Methods: We examined the autophagosome maturation process in AD cell and mouse models by immunoblotting.To further understand the changes in autophagy in AD brains, we analyzed the transcriptome by RNA-sequencing and measured the expression of RAB7, CCZ1 and MON1A.We performed brain stereotaxic injections of AAV into 3xTg AD mouse brain and WT mouse brain to over-express MON1A/CCZ1 or knockdown MON1A.For in vitro studies, we purified autophagosomes, and determined GTP-RAB7 level in autophagosome fractions by GST-R7BD affinity-isolation assay.Results: We report that the active form of RAB7 was selectively decreased in autophagosome fractions isolated from cells and tissues of AD models, and that this decrease was accompanied by impaired activity of its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GFE) CCZ1-MON1A.Overexpressing CCZ1-MON1A increased the active form of RAB7, enhanced autophagosome maturation, and promoted degradation of APP-CTFs, Aβ and P-tau in an autophagy-dependent manner in cells and a mouse AD model.Conclusions: Our data reveals that CCZ1-MON1A-RAB7 complex dysfunction is a potential mechanism for autophagosome maturation defects in AD, and advances the possibility that enhancing autophagosome maturation is a novel therapeutic strategy against AD.
Development of an Action Plan for Acute Food Protein–Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome in Japan
Authors: Yuri Kram, Miori Sato, Yusuke Inuzuka, Shigenori Kabashima, Tatsuki Fukuie, Satoko Uematsu, Takahiro Kudo, Yoshiyuki Yamada, Yoshikazu Ohtsuka, Kenji Matsumoto, Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada, Ichiro Nomura, Yukihiro Ohya
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
A Novel Targeted Nanoparticle for Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment: Combined Effect of ROS Depletion and Calcium Overload Inhibition
Authors: Zhengzhong Han, Yuhan Han, Xuyang Huang, Hongwei Ma, Xuefeng Zhang, Jingyuan Song, Jun Dong, Shanshan Li, Rutong Yu, Hongmei Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Abstract Survival after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) depends on minimizing or avoiding secondary insults to the brain. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca 2+ influx at the damaged site are the key factors that cause secondary injury upon TBI. Herein, a TBI‐targeted lipid covered radical scavenger nanoparticle is developed to deliver nimodipine (Np) (CL‐PPS/Np), in order to inhibit Ca 2+ influx in neurons by Np and to scavenge ROS in the brain trauma microenvironment by poly(propylene sulfide) 60 (PPS 60 ) and thus prevent TBI‐associated secondary injury. In post‐TBI models, CL‐PPS/Np effectively accumulates into the wound cavity and prolongs the time of systemic circulation of Np. CL‐PPS/Np can markedly protect the integrity of blood‐brain barrier, prevent brain edema, reduce cell death and inflammatory responses, and promote functional recovery after TBI. These findings may provide a new therapy for TBI to prevent the spread of the secondary injury.
Studies on Cashew and Shrimp-Oral Immunotherapy-Induced Changes in Allergen-Reactive CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Andrea Fernandes, Sheena Gupta, Shu Cao, Sofia Maysel-Auslender, Diane Dunham, Shu-Chen Lyu, Sayantani Sindher, Monali Manohar, Holden Maecker, Kari Nadeau
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19
Authors: Yan Xie, Evan Xu, Benjamin Bowe, Ziyad Al-Aly
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)

Abstract The cardiovascular complications of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are well described, but the post-acute cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 have not yet been comprehensively characterized. Here we used national healthcare databases from the US Department of Veterans Affairs to build a cohort of 153,760 individuals with COVID-19, as well as two sets of control cohorts with 5,637,647 (contemporary controls) and 5,859,411 (historical controls) individuals, to estimate risks and 1-year burdens of a set of pre-specified incident cardiovascular outcomes. We show that, beyond the first 30 d after infection, individuals with COVID-19 are at increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease spanning several categories, including cerebrovascular disorders, dysrhythmias, ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease, pericarditis, myocarditis, heart failure and thromboembolic disease. These risks and burdens were evident even among individuals who were not hospitalized during the acute phase of the infection and increased in a graded fashion according to the care setting during the acute phase (non-hospitalized, hospitalized and admitted to intensive care). Our results provide evidence that the risk and 1-year burden of cardiovascular disease in survivors of acute COVID-19 are substantial. Care pathways of those surviving the acute episode of COVID-19 should include attention to cardiovascular health and disease.
Gastric Cancer, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Jaffer A. Ajani, Thomas A. D’Amico, David J. Bentrem, Joseph Chao, David Cooke, Carlos Corvera, Prajnan Das, Peter C. Enzinger, Thomas Enzler, Paul Fanta, Farhood Farjah, Hans Gerdes, Michael K. Gibson, Steven Hochwald, Wayne L. Hofstetter, David H. Ilson, Rajesh N. Keswani, Sunnie Kim, Lawrence R. Kleinberg, Samuel J. Klempner, Jill Lacy, Quan P. Ly, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Michael McNamara, Mary F. Mulcahy, Darryl Outlaw, Haeseong Park, Kyle A. Perry, Jose Pimiento, George A. Poultsides, Scott Reznik, Robert E. Roses, Vivian E. Strong, Stacey Su, Hanlin L. Wang, Georgia Wiesner, Christopher G. Willett, Danny Yakoub, Harry Yoon, Nicole McMillian, Lenora A. Pluchino
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over 95% of gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas, which are typically classified based on anatomic location and histologic type. Gastric cancer generally carries a poor prognosis because it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Systemic therapy can provide palliation, improved survival, and enhanced quality of life in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. The implementation of biomarker testing, especially analysis of HER2 status, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, and the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), has had a significant impact on clinical practice and patient care. Targeted therapies including trastuzumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab have produced encouraging results in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Palliative management, which may include systemic therapy, chemoradiation, and/or best supportive care, is recommended for all patients with unresectable or metastatic cancer. Multidisciplinary team management is essential for all patients with localized gastric cancer. This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for Gastric Cancer focuses on the management of unresectable locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic disease.
Difficult to Control Asthma During COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Hiroshi Chantaphakul, Pongsawat Rodsaward, Pattarawat Thantiworasit, Palita Rodanant, Natthiya Pholmoo, Jettanong Klaewsongkram
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Cancer-associated Fibroblast-derived IL-6 Promotes Head and Neck Cancer Progression via the Osteopontin-NF-kappa B Signaling Pathway: Erratum
Authors: Xing Qin, Ming Yan, Xu Wang, Qin Xu, Xiaoning Wang, Xueqin Zhu, Jianbo Shi, Zhihui Li, Jianjun Zhang, Wantao Chen
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.22182.].
Concomitant loss of regulatory T and B cells is a distinguishing immune feature of antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation
Authors: Kevin Louis, Paul Fadakar, Camila Macedo, Masaki Yamada, Michelle Lucas, Xinyan Gu, Adriana Zeevi, Parmjeet Randhawa, Carmen Lefaucheur, Diana Metes
Journal: Kidney International (2022)
Cost-effectiveness of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy With Short-Course Radiotherapy for Resectable Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Re-I Chin, Ebunoluwa E. Otegbeye, Kylie H. Kang, Su-Hsin Chang, Scott McHenry, Amit Roy, William C. Chapman, Lauren E. Henke, Shahed N. Badiyan, Katrina Pedersen, Benjamin R. Tan, Sean C. Glasgow, Matthew G. Mutch, Pamela P. Samson, Hyun Kim
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Short-course radiotherapy and total neoadjuvant therapy (SCRT-TNT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) has emerged as a new treatment paradigm for patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. However, the economic implication of this treatment strategy has not been compared with that of conventional long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) followed by TME with adjuvant chemotherapy. <h3>Objective</h3> To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of SCRT-TNT vs LCCRT in conjunction with TME for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A decision analytical model with a 5-year time horizon was constructed for patients with biopsy-proven, newly diagnosed, primary locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma treated with SCRT-TNT or LCCRT. Markov modeling was used to model disease progression and patient survival after treatment in 3-month cycles. Data on probabilities and utilities were extracted from the literature. Costs were evaluated from the Medicare payer's perspective in 2020 US dollars. Sensitivity analyses were performed for key variables. Data were collected from October 3, 2020, to January 20, 2021, and analyzed from November 15, 2020, to April 25, 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Two treatment strategies, SCRT-TNT vs LCCRT with adjuvant chemotherapy, were compared. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and net monetary benefits. Effectiveness was defined as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Both costs and QALYs were discounted at 3% annually. Willingness-to-pay threshold was set at $50 000/QALY. <h3>Results</h3> During the 5-year horizon, the total cost was $41 355 and QALYs were 2.21 for SCRT-TNT; for LCCRT, the total cost was $54 827 and QALYs were 2.12, resulting in a negative incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (−$141 256.77). The net monetary benefit was $69 300 for SCRT-TNT and $51 060 for LCCRT. Sensitivity analyses using willingness to pay at $100 000/QALY and $150 000/QALY demonstrated the same conclusion. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that SCRT-TNT followed by TME incurs lower cost and improved QALYs compared with conventional LCCRT followed by TME and adjuvant chemotherapy. These data offer further rationale to support SCRT-TNT as a novel cost-saving treatment paradigm in the management of locally advanced rectal cancer.
Radiophobia
Authors: Liubov Sirota
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Suppressive effects of the obese tumor microenvironment on CD8 T cell infiltration and effector function
Authors: Lydia Dyck, Hannah Prendeville, Mathilde Raverdeau, Mieszko M. Wilk, Roisin M. Loftus, Aaron Douglas, Janet McCormack, Bruce Moran, Michael Wilkinson, Evanna L. Mills, Michael Doughty, Aurelie Fabre, Helen Heneghan, Carel LeRoux, Andrew Hogan, Edward T. Chouchani, Donal O’Shea, Donal Brennan, Lydia Lynch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of cancer; however, little is known about the effects of obesity on anti-tumor immunity. Here, we investigated the effects of obesity on CD8 T cells in mouse models and patients with endometrial cancer. Our findings revealed that CD8 T cell infiltration is suppressed in obesity, which was associated with a decrease in chemokine production. Tumor-resident CD8 T cells were also functionally suppressed in obese mice, which was associated with a suppression of amino acid metabolism. Similarly, we found that a high BMI negatively correlated with CD8 infiltration in human endometrial cancer and that weight loss was associated with a complete pathological response in six of nine patients. Moreover, immunotherapy using anti–PD-1 led to tumor rejection in lean and obese mice and partially restored CD8 metabolism and anti-tumor immunity. These findings highlight the suppressive effects of obesity on CD8 T cell anti-tumor immunity, which can partially be reversed by weight loss and/or immunotherapy.
Management and sequelae of dental implant removal
Authors: Alberto Monje, José Nart
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)

Inappropriate and unnecessary implant therapy driven by an erroneous belief that dental implants provide enhanced function and esthetics over diseased or failing teeth has led to a growing burden of implant complications across the globe. Specifically, esthetic and biological complications frequently lead to the unfavorable prognosis of dental implants. Often, these cannot be managed predictably to improve the condition or satisfy patients' demands. In such circumstances, implant removal needs to be considered. Currently, minimally invasive methods based on reverse torque engineering are key to preserve peri-implant soft and hard tissues. Implant replacement is now feasible, as evidenced by the high survival rates of implants placed at previously failed sites. Notwithstanding these data, clinicians should still consider carefully the expendability of an implant and whether its replacement will satisfy the prosthetic, biomechanical, and esthetic demands of the patient. In the scenario where future implant placement is desired, protocols undertaken for soft/hard tissue grafting and implant placement should be based upon defect morphology and soft and hard-tissue characteristics. Currently, however, a lack of knowledge of the biological events and dimensional changes that arise following implant removal renders decision-making complex and challenging, and recommendations remain largely based upon empirical speculation. This chapter will review the indications for implant replacement for prosthetic, biomechanical, and esthetic complications, alongside considerations in decision-making, planning, implementation, and outcomes of implant replacement.
PIM2 kinase has a pivotal role in plasmablast generation and plasma cell survival, opening up novel treatment options in myeloma
Authors: Marion Haas, Gersende Caron, Fabrice Chatonnet, Stéphane Manenti, Elina Alaterre, Julie Devin, Céline Delaloy, Giulia Bertolin, Roselyne Viel, Amandine Pignarre, Francisco Llamas-Gutierrez, Anne Marchalot, Olivier Decaux, Karin Tarte, Laurent Delpy, Jérôme Moreaux, Thierry Fest
Journal: Blood (2022)
Immune Profiles in Inner-city Asthmatic Children Receiving Frequent Systemic Steroids
Authors: Aishwarya Navalpakam, Narin Thanaputkaiporn, Crystal Ajja, Ahmad Farooqi, Milind Pansare, Divya Seth, Jenny Huang, Pavadee Poowuttikul
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
The Caribbean response to chikungunya
Authors: Babatunde Olowokure, Lorraine Francis, Karen Polson-Edwards, Roger Nasci, Philippe Quénel, Sylvain Aldighieri, Dominique Rousset, Cristina Gutierrez, Pilar Ramon-Pardo, Thais dos Santos, C James Hospedales
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
PIWIL3/OIP5-AS1/miR-367-3p/CEBPA feedback loop regulates the biological behavior of glioma cells: Erratum
Authors: Xiaobai Liu, Jian Zheng, Yixue Xue, Hai Yu, Wei Gong, Ping Wang, Zhen Li, Yunhui Liu
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.21740.].
AMA members' retirement plan
Authors: Darrel J. Rasey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal