tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical fitness and blood pressure in school children.
Authors: G EFraser, R LPhillips, RHarris
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We studied the relationship between physical fitness and blood pressure in 228 school children. The data were collected as part of the Loma Linda Child-Adolescent Blood Pressure Study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower in children above average fitness than in children below average fitness among preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls. On multivariate analysis, adjusting for skinfold thickness, an index of lean arm mass, height and age, the relationship between fitness and systolic blood pressure was statistically significant for preadolescent boys and for adolescents of both sexes. The multivariate relationship was not clearly seen for diastolic blood pressure. Multivariate techniques showed that significant correlates of fitness were obesity in preadolescents, age in adolescent boys and height in adolescent girls. Predicted pulse rates for stages 6-10 of a modified Balke treadmill protocol are given in appendix 1 for preadolescent and adolescent boys and girls.
Action of caffeine on calcium transport by isolated fractions of myofibrils, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum from rabbit heart.
Authors: LBlayney, HThomas, JMuir, AHenderson
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

We studied the effects of caffeine on calcium transport by subcellular organelles isolated from rabbit myocardium. Caffeine increased myofibrillar basic and calcium-activated ATPase activity at 20 mM but not at lower concentrations. Mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium accumulation was measured both by dual wavelength spectrophotometry with the calcium-sensitive dye, murexide, and by Millipore filtration with 45Ca. In mitochondria, caffeine impaired phosphate-assisted calcium transport but did not alter the closely related parameters of oxygen uptake, P/O ratio (nmol adenosine diphosphate consumed/n ats oxygen consumed, state 3 respiration) or limited calcium loading. In SR, caffeine impaired calcium accumulation. New methods were used to characterize calcium accumulation in the absence of oxalate according to first order reaction kinetics. Caffeine increased the rate constant while decreasing the calcium accumulated. It also increased the associated calcium-activated ATPase activity at l...
Tumour-associated and non-tumour-associated microbiota in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hafid Omar Al-Hassi, Oliver Ng, Matthew Brookes
Journal: Gut (2017)

We read with interest the elegant study published by Flemer et al 1 and commend the authors on their work. The authors provide convincing data to illustrate that faecal microbiota does not reflect accurately the underlying mucosal microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).1 The authors also provide supporting evidence to illustrate that microbiota from sampled mucosa both on and off the cancer site is not significantly different. As previously demonstrated, they also provide corroboratory evidence to further conclude that microbiota is different in patients with CRC.

We are however concerned about the conclusions relating to the variability of mucosal microbiota based on tumour site. …
149P First-line (1L) osimertinib in EGFR mutant (mut) advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients (pts): Progression (PD) pattern and safety in the real-world (RW)
Authors: M. Lorenzi, A. Dal Maso, A. Ferro, V. Polo, D. Scattolin, M. Macerelli, A. Follador, G. Targato, S. Indraccolo, S. Frega, J. Menis, L. Bonanno, V. Guarneri, P.F. Conte, G. Pasello
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive heart transplant recipients treated with enalapril, furosemide, and verapamil.
Authors: C EAngermann, C HSpes, SWillems, PDominiak, B MKemkes, KTheisen
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDThis prospective study was designed to examine whether left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy of the denervated transplanted heart may be reversed by medical therapy and, if so, to investigate the time course of this process and its effect on exercise capacity, myocardial function, and cardiac hemodynamics.METHODS AND RESULTSTen hypertensive heart transplant recipients with LV hypertrophy were evaluated before therapy with enalapril plus furosemide alone or combined with verapamil, at initial blood pressure (BP) control and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, using 24-hour noninvasive ambulatory BP monitoring, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, and supine bicycle ergometry. Average 24-hour systolic and diastolic BP declined from 158 +/- 10 and 104 +/- 7 mm Hg to 129 +/- 9 and 84 +/- 10 mm Hg at initial BP control (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.025, respectively) and total peripheral resistance from 1,687 +/- 177 to 1,376 +/- 122 dyne.sec.cm-5 (p less than 0.025), remaining normal thereafter...
Pilot Clinical Trial of Perioperative Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in the Treatment of Resectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Authors: Preeti Kanikarla Marie, Cara Haymaker, Edwin Roger Parra, Young Uk Kim, Rossana Lazcano, Swati Gite, Daniele Lorenzini, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Rebecca S. Slack Tidwell, Xiaofei Song, Wai Chin Foo, Dipen M. Maru, Yun Shin Chun, Andy Futreal, Bryan Kee, David Menter, Luisa Solis, Ching-Wei Tzeng, Christine Parseghian, Kanwal Raghav, Van Morris, Chia-Chi Chang, Robert Jenq, Alda Tam, Chantale Bernatchez, Scott Kopetz, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, Michael J. Overman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: Despite the prognostic importance of immune infiltrate in colorectal cancer, immunotherapy has demonstrated limited clinical activity in refractory metastatic proficient mismatch-repair (pMMR) colorectal cancer. This study explores combining anti–CTLA-4 and an anti–PD-L1 therapy in the preoperative management of resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases with the intent to improve immune responses in this disease setting. Patients and Methods: Patients with resectable colorectal cancer liver-only metastases received one dose of tremelimumab and durvalumab preoperatively followed by single-agent durvalumab postoperatively. Primary objectives were to determine feasibility and safety. Results: A total of 24 patients were enrolled between November 2016 and November 2019. Twenty-three patients received treatment [21 pMMR and 2 deficient mismatch-repair (dMMR)] and subsequently 17 (74%; 95% CI: 53%–88%) underwent surgical resection. Grade 3/4 treatment-related immune toxicity and postoperative grade 3/4 toxicity were seen in 5/23 (22%; 95% CI: 10%–44%) and 2/17 (12%; 95% CI: 2%–38%) patients. The median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 9.7 (95% CI: 8.1–17.8) months, and overall survival was 24.5 (95% CI: 16.5–28.4) months. Four patients demonstrated complete pathologic response, two dMMR patients and two POLE mutation patients. Pre- and post-tumor tissue analysis by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and RNA sequencing revealed similar levels of T-cell infiltration, but did demonstrate evidence of CD8+ and CD4+ activation posttreatment. An increase in B-cell transcriptome signature and B-cell density was present in posttreatment samples from patients with prolonged RFS. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the safety of neoadjuvant combination tremelimumab and durvalumab prior to colorectal cancer liver resection. Evidence for T- and B-cell activation following this therapy was seen in pMMR metastatic colorectal cancer.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Managed Care Enrollment Among US Children
Authors: Alon Peltz, Kristin Kan, Arvin Garg, Alexander Pomerantz, Lucy A. Bilaver, Matthew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

This survey study uses data from the 2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component to compare rates of health maintenance organization (HMO) enrollment, by race and ethnicity, for children with commercial and public coverage.
Diminished endothelium-derived relaxing factor activity in an experimental model of chronic heart failure.
Authors: MOntkean, RGay, BGreenberg
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Abnormalities in vasomotor tone, including enhanced vasoconstriction at rest and diminished vasodilation in response to various stimuli, develop as a consequence of chronic heart failure. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether a specific local mechanism, namely endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) activity, might be impaired in an experimental model of chronic heart failure. Segments of thoracic aorta (TA) and pulmonary artery (PA) were isolated from a group of rats that had hemodynamic evidence of heart failure 10 weeks after ligation of the left coronary artery (n = 25) and from a group of sham-operated control rats (n = 18). Both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular responses were assessed by exposing arterial segments to increasing concentrations of agonists. All studies were performed in the presence of 10 microM indomethacin to avoid the influence of vasoactive prostanoids. The dose-response curve for EDRF-mediated relaxation to acetylcholine was shifted rightward ...
Echocardiographic determination of left atrial volumes in children with congenital heart disease.
Authors: S MYabek, JIsabel-Jones, D RBhatt, MNakazawa, R AMarks, J MJarmakani
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The feasibility of determining left atrial volumes (LAV) from LA echo dimensions was assessed in 36 children (group I) with normal cineangiographically determined LAV and 16 children (group II) with LAV overload. Conventional LA echo dimensions, obtained within 24 hours of cardiac catheterization, were compared to the angiographic LA anterior-posterior minor axes (LAmA) and LAV. There was excellent correlation betweeh the LA echo dimensions and the LAmA. In all patients, the LA echo less than LAmA, the differences being more pronounced in group II. Good correlations were found between the LAV and the LA echo, and were expressed by the equations LAV = 7.5 LA echo1.8 (r = .85) and LAV = 8.1 LA echo2.1 (r = .86) for groups I and II, respectively. Changes in LA configuration with volume overload were shown to cause a disproportionate increase in LAmA compared to the other LA dimensions and the LA echo dimension, thus necessitating the separate regression equations. Echo LA to aortic ratios were 0.86 +/- 0.11 ...
Abstract 19579: An Experimental Evaluation of the Compliance Mismatch Effects for Four Stent-graft Devices and a Multi-layer Flow Modulator (MFM) Device for the Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Sherif Sultan, Florian Stefanov, Liam Morris, Niamh Hynes
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Purpose: To experimentally investigate the arterial wall/device compliance mismatch of four stent-graft devices and a multi-layer flow modulator within the supra- and infra-renal locations for the treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA). Methods: Five devices were tested under physiologically flow conditions within a flow simulator system comprising of a patient-specific thin-walled flexible AAA model with replicated intraluminal thrombus (ILT) supported by the spinal column. Arterial pressure/diameter measurements were monitored and recorded at the supra- and infra-renal regions and various hemodynamic indicators were obtained to assess the effects of compliance mismatch. Results: At the suprarenal region, all devices except the Excluder™, significantly decreased the compliance by 10 - 21% (p&lt;0.002) and increased the stiffness values by 5 - 21% (p&lt;0.001). At the infrarenal region, three devices (Endurant™ and Excluder™) significantly decreased the compliance by 13 - 26% (p&lt;0.001), while the other three devices (MFM™, Zenith™ and Fortron™) did not significantly change the aortic compliance (p&gt;0.057). There was a variation of 10.9 - 16.0 m/s in pulse wave velocities with an increase of 8 - 238% (p&lt;0.001) in the reflection coefficient for all devices. The Excluder™ and Endurant TM devices doubled the infrarenal unstented median elastic modulus value (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Commercially available endovascular devices lower the arterial wall compliance and increase the wall stiffness at the stent/arterial wall interface by varying amounts. The Excluder™ was found to be the most compliant in the surprarenal region, while the MFM™ device was the most compliant in the infrarenal region.
Assessment of fibrosis in infarcted human hearts by analysis of ultrasonic backscatter.
Authors: R HHoyt, S MCollins, D JSkorton, E EEricksen, DConyers
Journal: Circulation (1985)

In animal hearts, the magnitude of integrated ultrasonic backscatter is increased in fibrotic myocardium. Our purpose in this study was to quantitate the relationship between ultrasonic backscatter and collagen deposition in 10 excised human hearts with old infarcts. A 2.25 MHz, 50% fractional bandwidth transducer was positioned at the transducer focal distance from the epicardium of each specimen. The radio frequency backscatter signal was digitized, squared, and integrated to yield the integrated ultrasonic backscatter, which was referenced to the backscatter from a water/steel interface. The interrogated myocardium was then excised and divided into two portions. One portion was assayed for hydroxyproline, a marker for collagen. A second portion was sectioned, stained with Masson's trichrome, and studied with the use of a computer-assisted image analysis system. There was a linear correlation between the magnitude of integrated backscatter and myocardial collagen content estimated by hydroxyproline assa...
Myocardial hydroxyproline reduced by early administration of methylprednisolone or ibuprofen to rabbits with radiation-induced heart disease.
Authors: W CReeves, DCunningham, E JSchwiter, AAbt, SSkarlatos, M AWood, LWhitesell
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The ability of methylprednisolone (MP) and ibuprofen (IB) to reduce the severity of the late state of radiation-induced heart disease was assessed in 57 New Zealand white rabbits. Before and shortly after cardiac irradiation, 15 rabbits received i.v. MP, 30 mg/kg twice daily for 3 days, and 15 others received IB, 12.5 mg/kg twice daily for 2 days. No drug was administered to 14 irradiated rabbits, and neither irradiation nor drugs were administered to 13 rabbits that served as controls, All 15 rabbits treated with MP and 13 of the 15 treated with IB lived for 100 days. Only seven of the untreated, irradiated rabbits lived that long. Longevity of each treated group of rabbits was better (p less than 0.01 and 0.05) than that of the untreated, irradiated rabbits. Surviving rabbits were killed 100 days after irradiation. Pericarditis (p less than 0.05) and pericardial effusion (p less than 0.01) were less frequent in the treated, irradiated groups than in the untreated, irradiated rabbits. At least some rabbi...
Red Blood Cell Transfusion Practices for Patients With Cervical Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Sondos Zayed, Timothy K. Nguyen, Cindy Lin, Gabriel Boldt, Sushil Beriwal, Carien L. Creutzberg, Mitchell Kamrava, Lucas C. Mendez, Vikram Velker, Corinne Doll, Amandeep Taggar, Eric Leung, David P. D’Souza
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions are used to treat anemia in patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy (RT) owing to concerns of hypoxia-induced radioresistance. In the absence of high-quality evidence informing transfusion practices for patients receiving external beam RT (EBRT) and brachytherapy, various arbitrary hemoglobin target levels are used worldwide. <h3>Objective</h3> To develop consensus statements to guide PRBC transfusion practices in patients with cervical cancer receiving curative-intent RT with EBRT and brachytherapy. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This international Delphi consensus study was completed between November 1, 2019, and July 31, 2020. A total of 63 international clinical experts in gynecologic radiation oncology were invited; 39 (62%) accepted and consented to participate. Consensus building was achieved using a 3-round anonymous Delphi consensus method. Participants rated their agreement or disagreement with statements using a 5-point Likert scale. An a priori threshold of 75% or more was required for consensus. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The preplanned primary outcome of this study was to assess hemoglobin transfusion thresholds and targets for both EBRT and brachytherapy by expert consensus. <h3>Results</h3> Response rates of 100% (39 of 39), 92% (36 of 39), and 97% (35 of 36) were achieved for the first, second, and third rounds of surveys, respectively. Twenty-three experts (59%) practiced in Canada, 11 (28%) in the United States, 3 (8%) in South America, 1 (3%) in Europe, and 1 (3%) in Asia. Consensus was reached for 44 of 103 statements (43%), which were combined to form the final 27-statement consensus guideline. No specific hemoglobin transfusion threshold was agreed on by consensus for EBRT or brachytherapy. By consensus (89% [31 of 35]), a hemoglobin transfusion target for patients who receive a PRBC transfusion should be 9 g/dL or more and less than 12 g/dL. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study presents the first international expert consensus guideline informing PRBC transfusion practices for patients with cervical cancer undergoing EBRT and brachytherapy. A minimum hemoglobin transfusion target of 9 g/dL was endorsed to balance tumor radiosensitivity with appropriate use of a scarce resource. Randomized clinical trials are required to evaluate the optimal transfusion threshold and target that maximize clinical benefit in this patient population.
Fats and atheroma.
Authors: J I Mann
Journal: BMJ (1979)

effective, but not all families are willing to tolerate the consequent nocturnal disruption.I disagree that children under 7 or 8 are in- different to their wet beds; facts elicited by a more than superficial inquiry suggest otherwise.To claim, as the authors do, that the use of these "dangerous drugs" for children under 8 "cannot be justified" is not correct.There is practically no danger with proper dosage, and proper dosage can easily be ensured if we prescribe unattractive tablets rather than tasty syrup.
Effect of steric restriction on the intracortical distribution of microspheres in the dog kidney.
Authors: LMorkrid, JOfstad, YWillassen
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The effect on the intracortical distribution of microspheres and radioactivity caused by steric hindrance of the free movement of spheres into afferent arterioles are described by two mathematical models. The results are compared with corresponding experimental data obtained in six kidneys from normotensive dogs. The first model (A) assumes that spheres are distributed as blood flow, regardless of their size, except for those having diameters greater than that of an afferent arteriole and which do not enter this vessel. The second model (B) includes the Ferry correction. The experimental data show that the percent recovery of spheres with diameters of 20-25 mum was significantly greater in the outer cortex and significantly less in the juxtamedullary cortex than recovery of the smaller spheres, and that the distribution of spheres with diameters of 10 mum to about 17 mum seems uninfluenced by the sphere size. The experimental results we have obtained fit best with model A. We found that according to both ...
Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of adenosine in conscious man. Evidence for chemoreceptor activation.
Authors: IBiaggioni, BOlafsson, R MRobertson, A SHollister, DRobertson
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of intravenous adenosine were studied in conscious normal volunteers. Bolus injections of adenosine increased systolic and diastolic pressures initially (+15 and +13 mm Hg after 100 micrograms/kg) followed by a subsequent reduction in systolic and diastolic pressures (-12 and -16 mm Hg). Heart rate increased during trough blood pressure (R-R interval shortening of 298 msec after 100 micrograms/kg). Adenosine steady-state infusions increased heart rate (+30 beats/min during 140 micrograms/kg/min), systolic pressure (+16 mm Hg), and pulse pressure (+21 mm Hg) but decreased diastolic pressure slightly (-5 mm Hg), resulting in no significant change in mean arterial pressure. Adenosine stimulated respiration, resulting in decreased PaCO2 (41 to 31 mm Hg), increased PaCO2 (101 to 113 mm Hg), and increased pH (7.42 to 7.50). The increased ventilation was not explained by bronchoconstriction, hypotension, or hypoxia. The observed pressor and tachycardic effects are media...
84P Impact of PTV on progression-free survival in inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with chemoradioimmunotherapy
Authors: J. Taugner, M. Karin, L. Kaesmann, C. Eze, B. Flörsch, J. Guggenberger, A. Tufman, C. Belka, F. Manapov
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Spontaneous near closure of coronary artery fistula.
Authors: S JShubrooks, C ZNaggar
Journal: Circulation (1978)

An asymptomatic 14-year-old male was found at cardiac catheterization to have a coronary artery fistula involving a vessel originating from the left main coronary artery and terminating in the right heart. Chest X-ray and electrocardiogram were within normal limits and shunt flow was too small to be detected by oximetry although a large vessel was seen angiographically. One year later, the previously loud continuous murmur had disappeared and repeat catheterization demonstrated near closure of the fistula. This is the first report documenting the spontaneous closure of a coronary artery fistula.
Vaccine Hesitancy, Acceptance, and Anti-Vaccination: Trends and Future Prospects for Public Health
Authors: Ève Dubé, Jeremy K. Ward, Pierre Verger, Noni E. MacDonald
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2021)

An often-stated public health comment is that “vaccination is a victim of its own success.” While the scientific and medical consensus on the benefits of vaccination is clear and unambiguous, an increasing number of people are perceiving vaccines as unsafe and unnecessary. The World Health Organization identified “the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite availability of vaccines” as one of the 10 threats to global health in 2019. The negative influence of anti-vaccination movements is often named as a cause of increasing vaccine resistance in the public. In this review, we give an overview of the current literature on the topic, beginning by agreeing on terminology and concepts before looking at potential causes, consequences, and impacts of resistance to vaccination.
The effect of cold air inhalation on again pectoris and myocardial oxygen supply.
Authors: MHattenhaur, W ANeill
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Inhalation of cold air (-20 degrees C) for four minutes provoked angina pectoris in four of 17 coronary disease patients at rest and in four of seven of the patients while they were paced at a heart rate level which was subanginal at room temperature. The cold air did not increase myocardial O2 consumption significantly, and the accompanying changes in systemic hemodynamic factors known to influence myocardial O2 consumption were minor. Coronary blood flow determined by the xenon clearance method did not change significantly. In 18 patients, cold air inhalation for 1 1/2 minutes caused no detectable constriction of coronary arteries visualized arteriographically. We conclude that angina pectoris induced by breathing cold air cannot be explained satisfactorily by a concurrent increase in myocardial work and O2 consumption. Although neither large coronary artery constriction nor generalized coronary arteriole constriction seem to be involved, some other specific effect of cold air inhalation on coronary vas...