tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning for Fully Automated Prediction of Overall Survival in Patients with Oropharyngeal Cancer Using FDG-PET Imaging
Authors: Nai-Ming Cheng, Jiawen Yao, Jinzheng Cai, Xianghua Ye, Shilin Zhao, Kui Zhao, Wenlan Zhou, Isabella Nogues, Yuankai Huo, Chun-Ta Liao, Hung-Ming Wang, Chien-Yu Lin, Li-Yu Lee, Jing Xiao, Le Lu, Ling Zhang, Tzu-Chen Yen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Accurate prognostic stratification of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is crucial. We developed an objective and robust deep learning-based fully-automated tool called the DeepPET-OPSCC biomarker for predicting overall survival (OS) in OPSCC using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET imaging.The DeepPET-OPSCC prediction model was built and tested internally on a discovery cohort (n = 268) by integrating five convolutional neural network models for volumetric segmentation and ten models for OS prognostication. Two external test cohorts were enrolled-the first based on the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) database (n = 353) and the second being a clinical deployment cohort (n = 31)-to assess the DeepPET-OPSCC performance and goodness of fit.After adjustment for potential confounders, DeepPET-OPSCC was found to be an independent predictor of OS in both discovery and TCIA test cohorts [HR = 2.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31-3.28 and HR = 2.39; 95% CI, 1.38-4.16; both P = 0.002]. The tool also revealed good predictive performance, with a c-index of 0.707 (95% CI, 0.658-0.757) in the discovery cohort, 0.689 (95% CI, 0.621-0.757) in the TCIA test cohort, and 0.787 (95% CI, 0.675-0.899) in the clinical deployment test cohort; the average time taken was 2 minutes for calculation per exam. The integrated nomogram of DeepPET-OPSCC and clinical risk factors significantly outperformed the clinical model [AUC at 5 years: 0.801 (95% CI, 0.727-0.874) vs. 0.749 (95% CI, 0.649-0.842); P = 0.031] in the TCIA test cohort.DeepPET-OPSCC achieved an accurate OS prediction in patients with OPSCC and enabled an objective, unbiased, and rapid assessment for OPSCC prognostication.
TELE-PHARMACY CARE OF GUIDELINE-DIRECTED MEDICAL THERAPY IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS IS FEASIBLE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Varinder Randhawa, Luciane West, Sanjeeb Bhattacharya, Daniel A. Lewis, Maria Mountis, Bjoern Toennes, Randall Starling, Wai Hong Tang, Jerry Estep
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Cardiosphere-derived cells, with and without a biological scaffold, stimulate myogenesis and recovery of muscle function in mice with volumetric muscle loss
Authors: Russell G. Rogers, Liang Li, Kiel Peck, Lizbeth Sanchez, Weixin Liu, Alessandra Ciullo, Jocelyn Alfaro, Alice Rannou, Mario Fournier, Yena Lee, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)

Extremity trauma to military personnel and civilians commonly results in volumetric muscle loss (VML), leaving patients suffering chronic physical disability. Biomaterial-based technologies such as extracellular matrices (ECMs) are currently in clinical testing for soft tissue repair, but, in preclinical models of VML, the efficacy of ECMs is equivocal. In a murine model of VML, we investigated the effects of ECM and/or cardiosphere-derived cell (CDC) therapy; the latter improves skeletal myogenesis and muscle function in mdx mice, so we reasoned that CDCs may exert disease-modifying bioactivity in VML. While ECM alone improves functional recovery, CDCs have no additive or synergistic benefits with ECM transplantation following VML injury. However, CDCs alone are sufficient to promote muscle recovery, leading to sustained increases in muscle function throughout the study period. Notably, CDCs stimulate satellite cell accumulation in the muscle defect area and hasten myogenic progression (as evidenced by qPCR gene expression profiling), leading to global increases in myofiber numbers and anterior muscle compartment volume. Together, these data implicate CDCs as a viable therapeutic candidate to regenerate skeletal muscle injured by VML.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR-NEPRILYSIN INHIBITION, CARDIOVASCULAR BIOMARKERS AND CARDIAC REMODELING IN HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Sean P. Murphy, Margaret Prescott, Alan Maisel, Javed Butler, Ileana Pina, G. Michael Felker, Jonathan Ward, Kristin Williamson, Alex Camacho, Ritvik Kandanelly, Scott Solomon, James Januzzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Pleas for patience from the cumulative future self
Authors: Sam J. Maglio, Hal E. Hershfield
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract Current selves wield all the power in intertemporal tradeoffs. Although one set of future selves will make similar tradeoffs in the future, another self – who we term the cumulative future self – falls on the receiving end of those dictated decisions. How current selves commune with the cumulative future self determines whether the former heed pleas, from the latter, for patience.
<i>CEBPA</i>-bZip mutations are associated with favorable prognosis in de novo AML: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Katherine Tarlock, Adam J. Lamble, Yi-Cheng Wang, Robert B. Gerbing, Rhonda E. Ries, Michael R. Loken, Lisa Eidenschink Brodersen, Laura Pardo, Amanda Leonti, Jenny L. Smith, Tiffany A. Hylkema, William G. Woods, Todd M. Cooper, E. Anders Kolb, Alan S. Gamis, Richard Aplenc, Todd A. Alonzo, Soheil Meshinchi
Journal: Blood (2021)
RACE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: OBSERVATIONS FROM THE TAILOR-PCI TRIAL
Authors: Mina Madan, Derek So, Ryan Lennon, Verghese Mathew, Jang-Ho Bae, Jorge Escobedo, Myung Ho Jeong, Sang Wook Kim, Hong-seok Lim, Vishakantha Murthy, Jorge Saucedo, Divyanshu Mohananey, Charanjit Rihal, Michael Farkouh, Naveen Pereira, Shaun Goodman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
cGvHD — CIBMTR Risk Score Stratification in 207 Consecutive Adults after Unmanipulated PBSC Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Maria Teresa Lupo Stanghellini, Francesca Lorentino, Gabriele Antonarelli, Elisa Sala, Raffaella Greco, Mara Morelli, Magda Marcatti, Simona Piemontese, Andrea Assanelli, Matteo Giovanni Carrabba, Fabio Serpenti, Fabio Giglio, Sara Mastaglio, Sarah Marktel, Francesca Lunghi, Elena Guggiari, Francesca Pavesi, Luca Vago, Consuelo Corti, Massimo Bernardi, Jacopo Peccatori, Fabio Ciceri
Journal: Blood (2017)
PERIPARTUM COMPLICATIONS IN WOMEN WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A UPDATED NIS STUDY FROM 2003-2016
Authors: Vikas Yellapu, Rasha Aurshiya, Leyla Gasimli-Gamache, Stephen DeTurk, Amitoj Singh, Jamshid Shirani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Abstract 241: Incidence of Definite Stent Thrombosis in Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Therapeutic Hypothermia - Preliminary Results
Authors: Martin Rauber, Philipp Nicol, Michael Joner, Matjaz Bunc, Marko Noc
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Immediate percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is increasingly performed in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Since reported incidence of stent thrombosis (ST) varies significantly from 2.5% to 31%, we investigated definite ST using systematic coronary angiography (CAG) and autopsy. Methods: Consecutive comatose survivors of OHCA undergoing immediate PCI and TH admitted between August 2016 and May 2018 were investigated. CAG was performed if ST was suspected and systematically between day 10-14. Patients who died underwent autopsy with analysis of stented segments. Results: Among 147 consecutive patients, immediate CAG was performed 103 (70%) and 52 (50%) underwent PCI. Since 5 patients refused to participate or had no follow-up, 47 patients were included. Definite ST, which was confirmed 8 patients (17%), was diagnosed either by clinically-driven CAG (n = 6), routine CAG (n = 1) or autopsy (n = 1). Patients with ST had more often diabetes (38% vs. 5%; p = 0.008), longer interval of prehospital resuscitation (12.6 ± 10.7 minutes vs. 25.0 ± 10.6 minutes; p = 0.005), higher admission lactate (6.8 ± 6.3 mmol/L vs. 3.2 ± 2.9 mmol/L; p = 0.013), lower arterial pH (7.13 + 0.19 vs. 7.27 ± 0.11; p = 0.005) and less favorable survival with good neurological outcome - Cerebral Performance Category score 1 - 2 (13% vs. 62%; p = 0.03). There was no difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (40 ± 12% vs. 39 ± 13%; p = 0.85), periprocedural dose of unfractioned heparin (8944 ± 2504 IU/kg vs. 8188 ± 2764 IU/kg; p = 0.45), use of GP llb/llla (16 % vs. 25 %; p = 0.59) and of novel P2Y12 inhibitor ticagrelor (79% vs. 63%; p = 0.33). There was no significant difference in total length of stented segment (32.7 ± 24.4 mm vs. 36.6 ± 20.7 mm; p = 0.68) nor in average stent diameter (3.1 ± 0.5 mm vs. 3.2 ± 0.4 mm; p = 0.62). Conclusions: Incidence of definite ST in comatose survivors of OHCA undergoing immediate PCI and TH is significant (17%) and is associated with worse outcome. Prolonged prehospital resuscitation and diabetes rather than PCI characteristics represent the risk factors for development of ST.
ZFP90 drives the initiation of colitis-associated colorectal cancer via a microbiota-dependent strategy
Authors: Ji-Xuan Han, Zhi-Hang Tao, Yun Qian, Chen-Yang Yu, Jialu Li, Zi-Ran Kang, Shiyuan Lu, Yuanhong Xie, Jie Hong, Haoyan Chen, Ying-Xuan Chen, Jing-Yuan Fang
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Chronic inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis are risk factors for colorectal cancer. In clinical practice, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a greatly increased risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). However, the underlying mechanism of the initiation of CAC remains unknown. Systematic analyses using an existing genome-wide association study (GWAS) and conditional deletion of Zfp90 (encoding zinc finger protein 90 homolog) in a CAC mouse model indicated that Zfp90 is a putative oncogene in CAC development.Strikingly, depletion of the gut microbiota eliminated the tumorigenic effect of Zfp90 in the CAC mouse model. Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation demonstrated that Zfp90 promoted CAC dependent on the gut microbiota. Analysis of 16s rDNA sequences in fecal specimens from the CAC mouse model allowed us to speculate that a Prevotella copri-defined microbiota might mediate the oncogenic role of Zfp90 in the development of CAC. Mechanistic studies revealed Zfp90 accelerated CAC development through the TLR4-PI3K-AKT-NF-κB pathway. Our findings revealed the crucial role of the Zfp90-microbiota-NF-κB axis in creating a tumor-promoting environment and suggested therapeutic targets for CAC prevention and treatment.
Hanging on by a thread: gastric extraction of ingested tampons
Authors: Kirill Basiliya, Henk-Marijn de Jonge, Koen van Hee
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A 24-year-old patient with a history of psychiatric co-morbidity presented after auto-ingestion of tampons and batteries. Both had been ingested on several occasions in the preceding 24 hours, and the patient declined to specify an exact number of ingested foreign bodies.
CAN SIGNAL-PROCESSED ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (SPECG) DIAGNOSE SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS?
Authors: Khadije Ahmad, Suvasini Lakshmanan, Manojna Nimmagadda, Dhiran Verghese, Lavanya Cherukuri, April Kinninger, Ahmed K. Ghanem, Vahid Rezvanizadeh, Suraj Dahal, Venkat Manubolu, Ruby Havistin, Tej Joshi, Sebastian J. Hadeed, Sajad Hamal, Ferdinand Flores, Matthew J. Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Ultra-Deep Sequencing As a Predictive Tool for MDS Progression after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant
Authors: Eric J. Duncavage, Meagan Jacoby, Gue Su Chang, Christopher A Miller, Natasha Edwin, Geoffrey L. Uy, Joshua Robinson, Haley J Abel, Jin Shao, Kevin Elliot, Robert Fulton, Catrina Fronick, Michelle O'Laughlin, John F DiPersio, Timothy J Ley, Kathryn Trinkaus, Timothy Aaron Graubert, Matthew J. Walter
Journal: Blood (2017)
TICAGRELOR MONOTHERAPY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT HISTORY OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. A PRESPECIFIED TWILIGHT SUBSTUDY
Authors: Mauro Chiarito, Usman Baber, Davide Cao, Samin Sharma, David Cohen, Dominick Angiolillo, George Dangas, Dariusz Dudek, Javier Escaned, Kurt Huber, Upendra Kaul, Ran Kornowski, Mitchell Krucoff, Vijayalakshmi Kunadian, Shamir Mehta, Keith Oldroyd, Gennaro Sardella, Samantha Sartori, Giora Weisz, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Yaling Han, Stuart Pocock, Michael Charles Gibson, Roxana Mehran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Abstract 17016: Evaluation of Adequate Contact Force for Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: Masaomi Kimura, Shingo Sasaki, Daisuke Horiuchi, Taihei Itoh, Yuji Ishida, Takahiko Kinjo, Ken Okumura
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Optimal contact force (CF) for circumferential pulmonary vein (PV) isolation (CPVI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. To evaluate adequate CF for CPVI, we analyzed the relationship between CF and the number of residual conduction gaps (Ngap) after CPVI requiring touch-up ablation to complete CPVI.  In the consecutive 38 AF patients (29 men; mean age, 60 years; 11 with persistent AF) undergoing CPVI, 152 PVs were analyzed for CF and the number of gaps. CPVI was performed using a Thermcool Smarttouch catheter while setting the maximal CF at 20 g and power at 25-30W. The endpoint was the elimination of all PV potentials in the circular catheter and PV-to-LA block during PV pacing. CF map along CPVI line was created and was divided into 8 segments in both left and right PVs (4 segments in each of 4 PVs). Relationship between the mean CF (mCF) in each PV and Ngap were analyzed.  CPVI was achieved in all patients without any complications. mCF was   Thus, Ngap was significantly decreased as CF was increased. However, CF greater than 15 g was not associated with the further decrease in Ngap, suggesting that the optimal CF for CPVI is between 10 and 20 g.
EULAR COVID-19 registry: lessons learnt and future considerations
Authors: Saskia Lawson-Tovey, Anja Strangfeld, Kimme L Hyrich, Loreto Carmona, Diana Rodrigues, Laure Gossec, Elsa F Mateus, Pedro M Machado
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

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ASSOCIATION OF MCCONNELL’S SIGN WITH MORTALITY AMONG PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH COVID-19
Authors: Ilhwan Yeo, Ahmed Al-Ghrairi, Ngoda Manongi, Sushant Sunkaraneni, Anjali Dutta, Latha Subramaniam, Reema Bhatt, Sijun Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
CONTACT FORCE BY DEFORMATION OF ABLATION CATHETERS: CAN WE PREDICT BY BENDING?
Authors: Sotirios Nedios, Frank Lindemann, Angeliki Darma, Timm Seewoester, Livio Bertganolli, Borislav Dinov, Sebastian Hilbert, Loebe Susanne, Sergio Richter, Arya Arash, Gerhard Hindricks, Andreas Bollmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOMES OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH NON-OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERIES (MINOCA) IN OLDER ADULTS&gt;80 YEARS OLD
Authors: Ara Hrire Rostomian, Derek Q. Phan, Jesse Goitia, Franz Schweis, Maereg Wassie, Ming-Sum Lee, Ray Zadegan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Light-induced dynamic RGD pattern for sequential modulation of macrophage phenotypes
Authors: Yilun Luo, Xiaowen Zheng, Peiqi Yuan, Xingyao Ye, Lie Ma
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Due to the critical roles of macrophage in immune response and tissue repair, harnessing macrophage phenotypes dynamically to match the tissue healing process on demand attracted many attentions. Although there have developed many advanced platforms with dynamic features for cell manipulation, few studies have designed a dynamic chemical pattern to sequentially polarize macrophage phenotypes and meet the immune requirements at various tissue repair stages. Here, we propose a novel strategy for spatiotemporal manipulation of macrophage phenotypes by a UV-induced dynamic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) pattern. By employing a photo-patterning technique and the specific interaction between cyclodextrin (CD) and azobenzene-RGD (Azo-RGD), we prepared a polyethylene glycol-dithiol/polyethylene glycol-norbornene (PEG-SH/PEG-Nor) hydrogel with dynamic RGD-patterned surface. After irradiation with 365-nm UV light, the homogeneous RGD surface was transformed to the RGD-patterned surface which induced morphological transformation of macrophages from round to elongated and subsequent phenotypic transition from pro-inflammation to anti-inflammation. The mechanism of phenotypic polarization induced by RGD pattern was proved to be related to Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2). Sequential modulation of macrophage phenotypes by the dynamic RGD-patterned surface provides a remote and non-invasive strategy to manipulate immune reactions and achieve optimized healing outcomes.
A hierarchical expert-guided machine learning framework for clinical decision support systems: an application to traumatic brain injury prognostication
Authors: Negar Farzaneh, Craig A. Williamson, Jonathan Gryak, Kayvan Najarian
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2021)

Abstract Prognosis of the long-term functional outcome of traumatic brain injury is essential for personalized management of that injury. Nonetheless, accurate prediction remains unavailable. Although machine learning has shown promise in many fields, including medical diagnosis and prognosis, such models are rarely deployed in real-world settings due to a lack of transparency and trustworthiness. To address these drawbacks, we propose a machine learning-based framework that is explainable and aligns with clinical domain knowledge. To build such a framework, additional layers of statistical inference and human expert validation are added to the model, which ensures the predicted risk score’s trustworthiness. Using 831 patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury to build a model using the proposed framework, an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy of 0.8085 and 0.7488 were achieved, respectively, in determining which patients will experience poor functional outcomes. The performance of the machine learning classifier is not adversely affected by the imposition of statistical and domain knowledge “checks and balances”. Finally, through a case study, we demonstrate how the decision made by a model might be biased if it is not audited carefully.
DURABILITY OF LEFT BUNDLE BRANCH AREA PACING - LONG TERM FOLLOW UP ON A NEW TECHNIQUE
Authors: Nikhil Mehta, Syed Rafay Ali Sabzwari, Bilal Saqi, Rahul Gupta, Apurva Vyas, Jeffrey Gordon, Talha Nazir, Sergio Cossu, Ron Freudenberger, Babak Bozorgnia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Frequency of health-care service use and severity of illness in undocumented migrants in Catalonia, Spain: a population-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Albert Dalmau-Bueno, Anna García-Altés, Emili Vela, Montse Clèries, Carles Vicenç Pérez, Josep Maria Argimon
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2021)
ANKYRIN-B ASSOCIATED LONG QT SYNDROME UNMASKED BY PANHYPOPITUITARISM IN A PATIENT WITH POLYMORPHIC VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
Authors: Chockalingam Narayanan, Srijan Shrestha, William Gionfriddo, Ann Garlitski, Christopher Madias, Jonathan Weinstock, Munther Homoud
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Bronchodilator response in FOT parameters in middle-aged adults from SCAPIS: normal values and relationship to asthma and wheezing
Authors: Henrik Johansson, Per Wollmer, Johan Sundström, Christer Janson, Andrei Malinovschi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>New estimated useful thresholds for the bronchodilator response in oscillometry parameters in healthy adults. These thresholds are lower than those proposed by recent guidelines.</b>https://bit.ly/3xufqla
Silent spread of mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-9.1 on IncHI2 ‘superplasmids’ in clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales
Authors: Nenad Macesic, Luke V Blakeway, James D Stewart, Jane Hawkey, Kelly L Wyres, Louise M Judd, Ryan R Wick, Adam W Jenney, Kathryn E Holt, Anton Y Peleg
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2021)
Abstract 12341: Simvastatin Upregulates Endothelial Cell Integrin beta4 Expression by Epigenetic Modification and Promoter Activation
Authors: Weiguo Chen, Venkateswan Elagovan, Jeffrey Jacobson
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Acute lung injury (ALI) is mediated by the upregulation of endothelial cell integrin β4 (ITGB4). However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. Hypothesis: Both epigene...
INTER-OPERATOR RELIABILITY OF AN ONSITE MACHINE LEARNING-BASED PROTOTYPE TO ESTIMATE CT ANGIOGRAPHY-DERIVED FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE
Authors: Yushui Han, Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed, Chris Schwemmer, Myra Cocker, Talal Alnabelsi, Juan Carlos Ramirez Giraldo, Mouaz Al-Mallah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Tofacitinib for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Atul Deodhar, Paula Sliwinska-Stanczyk, Huji Xu, Xenofon Baraliakos, Lianne S Gensler, Dona Fleishaker, Lisy Wang, Joseph Wu, Sujatha Menon, Cunshan Wang, Oluwaseyi Dina, Lara Fallon, Keith S Kanik, Désirée van der Heijde
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Objective To assess the efficacy/safety of tofacitinib in adult patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods This phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with active AS, meeting the modified New York criteria, with centrally read radiographs, and an inadequate response or intolerance to ≥2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive tofacitinib 5 mg two times per day or placebo for 16 weeks. After week 16, all patients received open-label tofacitinib until week 48. The primary and key secondary endpoints were Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society ≥20% improvement (ASAS20) and ≥40% improvement (ASAS40) responses, respectively, at week 16. Safety was assessed throughout. Results 269 patients were randomised and treated: tofacitinib, n=133; placebo, n=136. At week 16, the ASAS20 response rate was significantly (p&lt;0.0001) greater with tofacitinib (56.4%, 75 of 133) versus placebo (29.4%, 40 of 136), and the ASAS40 response rate was significantly (p&lt;0.0001) greater with tofacitinib (40.6%, 54 of 133) versus placebo (12.5%, 17 of 136). Up to week 16, with tofacitinib and placebo, respectively, 73 of 133 (54.9%) and 70 of 136 (51.5%) patients had adverse events; 2 of 133 (1.5%) and 1 of 136 (0.7%) had serious adverse events. Up to week 48, with tofacitinib, 3 of 133 (2.3%) patients had adjudicated hepatic events, 3 of 133 (2.3%) had non-serious herpes zoster, and 1 of 133 (0.8%) had a serious infection; with placebo→tofacitinib, 2 (1.5%) patients had non-serious herpes zoster. There were no deaths, malignancies, major adverse cardiovascular events, thromboembolic events or opportunistic infections. Conclusions In adults with active AS, tofacitinib demonstrated significantly greater efficacy versus placebo. No new potential safety risks were identified. Trial registration number NCT03502616