tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Real-life evidence in ERS clinical practice guidelines: from foes to friends
Authors: Markus Fally, Blin Nagavci, Thomy Tonia, Maarten van den Berge, Andrew Bush, Christopher Brightling, Nicolas Roche
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>This editorial discusses 1) why data from real life should be included in clinical practice guidelines, and 2) how to integrate this real-life evidence in the guideline development process</b>https://bit.ly/3wdLBDH
Letter to the Editor: Outcomes in chronic hepatitis B infection and COVID‐19—Not always benign!
Authors: Ankur Jindal
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

1Department of HepatologyInstitute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia *Correspondence Ankur Jindal, Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D – 1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India. Email: [email protected]
The Sobering Complexities of Alcoholic Liver Disease and Decisions for Transplant
Authors: Kenneth A. Andreoni, Ali Zarrinpar
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Ovarian insufficiency impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through activation of hypothalamic de novo ceramide synthesis
Authors: Kelly Meneyrol, Ánxela Estévez-Salguero, Ismael González-García, Jeanne Guitton, Mohammed Taouis, Yacir Benomar, Christophe Magnan, Miguel López, Hervé Le Stunff
Journal: Metabolism (2021)
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in Infection-Naive or Previously Infected Individuals After 1 and 2 Doses of the BNT162b2 Vaccine
Authors: Mark Anderson, Michael Stec, Ayesan Rewane, Alan Landay, Gavin Cloherty, James Moy
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

This cohort study examines antibody responses in infection-naive and previously infected individuals after 1 and 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine.
Quantifying Parkinson’s disease motor severity under uncertainty using MDS-UPDRS videos
Authors: Mandy Lu, Qingyu Zhao, Kathleen L. Poston, Edith V. Sullivan, Adolf Pfefferbaum, Marian Shahid, Maya Katz, Leila Montaser-Kouhsari, Kevin Schulman, Arnold Milstein, Juan Carlos Niebles, Victor W. Henderson, Li Fei-Fei, Kilian M. Pohl, Ehsan Adeli
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2021)
Somatic mutations of GNA11 and GNAQ in CTNNB1-mutant aldosterone-producing adenomas presenting in puberty, pregnancy or menopause
Authors: Junhua Zhou, Elena A. B. Azizan, Claudia P. Cabrera, Fabio L. Fernandes-Rosa, Sheerazed Boulkroun, Giulia Argentesi, Emily Cottrell, Laurence Amar, Xilin Wu, Sam O’Toole, Emily Goodchild, Alison Marker, Russell Senanayake, Sumedha Garg, Tobias Åkerström, Samuel Backman, Suzanne Jordan, Satyamaanasa Polubothu, Daniel M. Berney, Anna Gluck, Kate E. Lines, Rajesh V. Thakker, Antoinette Tuthill, Caroline Joyce, Juan Pablo Kaski, Fiona E. Karet Frankl, Lou A. Metherell, Ada E. D. Teo, Mark Gurnell, Laila Parvanta, William M. Drake, Eva Wozniak, David Klinzing, Jyn Ling Kuan, Zenia Tiang, Celso E. Gomez Sanchez, Per Hellman, Roger S. Y. Foo, Charles A. Mein, Veronica A. Kinsler, Peyman Björklund, Helen L. Storr, Maria-Christina Zennaro, Morris J. Brown
Journal: Nature Genetics (2021)
Abstract 17741: Prognostic Value of Ankle-Brachial Index for Future Amputation and Critical Limb Ischemia in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Hidetomo Nomi, Hitoshi Nishimura, Takashi Miura, Masatoshi Minamisawa, Yasushi Ueki, Naoyuki Abe, Naoto Hashizume, Tomoaki Mochidome, Mikiko Harada, Kunihiro Shimizu, Wataru Shoin, Koji Yoshie, Yasutaka Oguchi, Tatsuya Saigusa, Soichiro Ebisawa, Hirohiko Motoki, Atsushi Izawa, Jun Koyama, Uichi Ikeda, Koichiro Kuwahara
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is known as a predictor of future limb events. However, little is known about the optimal ABI cut-off value for future major adverse limb events (MALE) ...
Functional and structural adaptations of the coronary macro- and microvasculature to regular aerobic exercise by activation of physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms: ESC Working Group on Coronary Pathophysiology and Microcirculation position paper
Authors: Akos Koller, M Harold Laughlin, Edina Cenko, Cor de Wit, Kálmán Tóth, Raffaele Bugiardini, Danijela Trifunovits, Marija Vavlukis, Olivia Manfrini, Adam Lelbach, Gabriella Dornyei, Teresa Padro, Lina Badimon, Dimitris Tousoulis, Stephan Gielen, Dirk J Duncker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

Abstract Regular aerobic exercise (RAEX) elicits several positive adaptations in all organs and tissues of the body, culminating in improved health and well-being. Indeed, in over half a century, many studies have shown the benefit of RAEX on cardiovascular outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality. RAEX elicits a wide range of functional and structural adaptations in the heart and its coronary circulation, all of which are to maintain optimal myocardial oxygen and nutritional supply during increased demand. Although there is no evidence suggesting that oxidative metabolism is limited by coronary blood flow (CBF) rate in the normal heart even during maximal exercise, increased CBF and capillary exchange capacities have been reported. Adaptations of coronary macro- and microvessels include outward remodelling of epicardial coronary arteries, increased coronary arteriolar size and density, and increased capillary surface area. In addition, there are adjustments in the neural and endothelial regulation of coronary macrovascular tone. Similarly, there are several adaptations at the level of microcirculation, including enhanced (such as nitric oxide mediated) smooth muscle-dependent pressure-induced myogenic constriction and upregulated endothelium-dependent/shear-stress-induced dilation, increasing the range of diameter change. Alterations in the signalling interaction between coronary vessels and cardiac metabolism have also been described. At the molecular and cellular level, ion channels are key players in the local coronary vascular adaptations to RAEX, with enhanced activation of influx of Ca2+ contributing to the increased myogenic tone (via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels) as well as the enhanced endothelium-dependent dilation (via TRPV4 channels). Finally, RAEX elicits a number of beneficial effects on several haemorheological variables that may further improve CBF and myocardial oxygen delivery and nutrient exchange in the microcirculation by stabilizing and extending the range and further optimizing the regulation of myocardial blood flow during exercise. These adaptations also act to prevent and/or delay the development of coronary and cardiac diseases.
Accelerated Hypofractionated Image-Guided vs Conventional Radiotherapy for Patients With Stage II/III Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Poor Performance Status
Authors: Puneeth Iyengar, Elizabeth Zhang-Velten, Laurence Court, Kenneth Westover, Yulong Yan, Mu-Han Lin, Zhenyu Xiong, Mehul Patel, Douglas Rivera, Joe Chang, Mark Saunders, Anand Shivnani, Andrew Lee, Randall Hughes, David Gerber, Jonathan Dowell, Ang Gao, John Heinzerling, Ying Li, Chul Ahn, Hak Choy, Robert Timmerman
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

A significant subset of patients with stage II/III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cannot receive standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy owing to the risk of toxic effects outweighing potential benefits. Without concurrent chemotherapy, however, the efficacy of conventional radiotherapy is reduced.To determine whether hypofractionated image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) would improve overall survival in patients with stage II/III NSCLC who could not receive concurrent chemoradiotherapy and therefore were traditionally relegated to receiving only conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT).This nonblinded, phase 3 randomized clinical study enrolled 103 patients and analyzed 96 patients with stage II/III NSCLC and Zubrod performance status of at least 2, with greater than 10% weight loss in the previous 6 months, and/or who were ineligible for concurrent chemoradiotherapy after oncology consultation. Enrollment occurred at multiple US institutions. Patients were enrolled from November 13, 2012, to August 28, 2018, with a median follow-up of 8.7 (3.6-19.9) months. Data were analyzed from September 14, 2018, to April 11, 2021.Eligible patients were randomized to hypofractionated IGRT (60 Gy in 15 fractions) vs CFRT (60 Gy in 30 fractions).The primary end point was 1-year overall survival.A total of 103 patients (96 of whom were analyzed [63 men (65.6%); mean (SD) age, 71.0 (10.2) years (range, 50-90 years)]) were randomized to hypofractionated IGRT (n = 50) or CFRT (n = 46) when a planned interim analysis suggested futility in reaching the primary end point, and the study was closed to further accrual. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups for 1-year overall survival (37.7% [95% CI, 24.2%-51.0%] for hypofractionated IGRT vs 44.6% [95% CI, 29.9%-58.3%] for CFRT; P = .29). There were also no significant differences in median overall survival, progression-free survival, time to local failure, time to distant metastasis, and toxic effects of grade 3 or greater between the 2 treatment groups.This phase 3 randomized clinical trial found that hypofractionated IGRT (60 Gy in 15 fractions) was not superior to CFRT (60 Gy in 30 fractions) for patients with stage II/III NSCLC ineligible for concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Further studies are needed to verify equivalence between these radiotherapy regimens. Regardless, for well-selected patients with NSCLC (ie, peripheral primary tumors and limited mediastinal/hilar adenopathy), the convenience of hypofractionated radiotherapy regimens may offer an appropriate treatment option.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01459497.
Is the Genetic Code Optimized for Resource Conservation?
Authors: Haiqing Xu, Jianzhi Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Abstract The causes and consequences of the nonrandom structure of the standard genetic code (SGC) have been of long-standing interest. A recent study reported that mutations in present-day protein-coding sequences are less likely to increase proteomic nitrogen and carbon uses under the SGC than under random genetic codes, concluding that the SGC has been selectively optimized for resource conservation. If true, this finding might offer important information on the environment in which the SGC and some of the earliest life forms evolved. However, we here show that the hypothesis of optimization of a genetic code for resource conservation is theoretically untenable. We discover that the aforementioned study estimated the expected mutational effect by inappropriately excluding mutations lowering resource consumptions and including mutations involving stop codons. After remedying these problems, we find no evidence that the SGC is optimized for nitrogen or carbon conservation.
Prognostic Score and Benefit from Abiraterone in First-line Metastatic, Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: David Lorente, Casilda Llacer, Rebeca Lozano, Guillermo de Velasco, Nuria Romero-Laorden, Miguel Rodrigo, Ángel Sánchez-Iglesias, Carlos di Capua, Elena Castro, Carlos Ferrer, Alfredo Sánchez-Hernández, David Olmos
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Two Self-management Interventions to Improve Hypertension Control
Authors: Hayden B. Bosworth, Maren K. Olsen, Janet M. Grubber, Alice M. Neary, Melinda M. Orr, Benjamin J. Powers, Martha B. Adams, Laura P. Svetkey, Shelby D. Reed, Yanhong Li, Rowena J. Dolor, Eugene Z. Oddone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

In this trial, 636 patients with hypertension were randomly assigned to receive usual care; a telephone-delivered, nurse-administered behavioral self-management intervention; home blood pressure se...
Comparing Patient-Controlled Analgesia Versus Non-PCA Hydromorphone Titration for Severe Cancer Pain: A Randomized Phase III Trial
Authors: Rongbo Lin, Sunzhi Lin, Shuitu Feng, Qingyi Wu, Jianqian Fu, Fang Wang, Hui Li, Xiaofeng Li, Gaowang Zhang, Yongzhi Yao, Min Xin, Tianyang Lai, Xia Lv, Yigui Chen, Shangwang Yang, Yubiao Lin, Lixia Hong, Zhenyu Cai, Jianfeng Wang, Gen Lin, Shaowei Lin, Shen Zhao, Jinfeng Zhu, Cheng Huang
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Background: Opioid titration is necessary to achieve rapid, safe pain relief. Medication can be administered via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) or by a healthcare provider (non-PCA). We evaluated the efficacy of intravenous PCA versus non-PCA hydromorphone titration for severe cancer pain (≥7 at rest on the 11-point numeric rating scale [NRS]). Patients and Methods: Patients with severe cancer pain were randomized 1:1 to PCA or non-PCA titration, stratified by opioid-tolerant or opioid-naïve status. The PCA pump was set to no continuous dose, with a hydromorphone bolus dose 10% to 20% of the total previous 24-hour equianalgesic (for opioid-tolerant patients) or 0.5 mg (for opioid-naïve patients). For the non-PCA group, the initial hydromorphone bolus dose was identical to that in the PCA group, with the subsequent dose increased by 50% to 100% (for NRS unchanged or increased) or repeated at the current dose (for NRS 4–6). Hydromorphone delivery was initiated every 15 minutes (for NRS ≥4) or as needed (for NRS ≤3). The primary endpoint was time to successful titration (TST; time from first hydromorphone dose to first occurrence of NRS ≤3 in 2 consecutive 15-minute intervals). Results: Among 214 patients (PCA, n=106; non-PCA, n=108), median TSTs (95% CI) were 0.50 hours (0.25–0.50) and 0.79 hours (0.50–1.42) for the PCA and non-PCA groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 1.64; 95% CI, 1.23–2.17; P =.001). TSTs in opioid-tolerant patients were 0.50 hours (0.25–0.75) and 1.00 hours (0.50–2.00) for the PCA and non-PCA groups, respectively (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.32–2.78; P =.003); in opioid-naive patients, TST was not significantly different for the PCA versus non-PCA groups (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.88–2.04; P =.162). Pain score (median NRS; interquartile range) over 24 hours was significantly lower in the PCA group (2.80; 2.15–3.22) than in the non-PCA group (3.00; 2.47–3.53; P =.020). PCA administration produces significantly higher patient satisfaction with pain control than non-PCA administration ( P &lt;.001). Conclusions: Intravenous hydromorphone titration for severe cancer pain was achieved more effectively with PCA than with non-PCA administration.
25230 Apremilast for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa in real life: Case series and systematic review
Authors: Patricia Garbayo-Salmons, Jorge Romaní de Gabriel, Miquel Ribera Pibernat, Vicente Expósito-Serrano, Natalia Fernández Chico, Mireia Sàbat Santandreu, Mireia Yébenes Marsal, Miquel Casals Andreu, Clara Fernández Sartorio, Cristina López Llunell, Jesús Luelmo Aguilar
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Targeted and activatable nanosystem for fluorescent and optoacoustic imaging of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and therapy via inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways
Authors: Lihe Sun, Juan Ouyang, Zhuo Zeng, Cheng Zeng, Yunqing Ma, Fang Zeng, Shuizhu Wu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) represent a diverse group of diseases and challenges remain for the current medications. Herein, we present an activatable and targeted nanosystem for detecting and imaging IMIDs foci and treating them through blocking NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways. A ROS-activatable prodrug BH-EGCG is synthesized by coupling a near-infrared chromophore with the NF-κB/NLRP3 inhibitor epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) through boronate bond which serves as both the fluorescence quencher and ROS-responsive moiety. BH-EGCG molecules readily form stable nanoparticles in aqueous medium, which are then coated with macrophage membrane to ensure the actively-targeting capability toward inflammation sites. Additionally, an antioxidant precursor N-acetylcysteine is co-encapsulated into the coated nanoparticles to afford the nanosystem BH-EGCG&NAC@MM to further improve the anti-inflammatory efficacy. Benefiting from the inflammation-homing effect of the macrophage membrane, the nanosystem delivers payloads (diagnostic probe and therapeutic drugs) to inflammatory lesions more efficiently and releases a chromophore and two drugs upon being triggered by the overexpressed in-situ ROS, thus exhibiting better theranostic performance in the autoimmune hepatitis and hind paw edema mouse models, including more salient imaging signals and better therapeutic efficacy via inhibiting NF-κB pathway and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This work may provide perceptions for designing other actively-targeting theranostic nanosystems for various inflammatory diseases.
Restoration of dystrophin expression in mice by suppressing a nonsense mutation through the incorporation of unnatural amino acids
Authors: Ningning Shi, Qi Yang, Haoran Zhang, Jiaqi Lu, Haishuang Lin, Xu Yang, Aikedan Abulimiti, Jialu Cheng, Yu Wang, Le Tong, Tianchang Wang, Xiaodong Zhang, Hongmin Chen, Qing Xia
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2021)
Youth Insured By Medicaid With Restrictive Eating Disorders—Underrecognized and Underresourced
Authors: Erin C. Accurso, Sara M. Buckelew, Lonnie R. Snowden
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

This Viewpoint describes the dearth of care available to individuals with eating disorders who rely on Medicaid benefits and describes methods to ensure equitable treatment access irrespective of payer.
Reframing Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases through Signature Cytokine Hubs
Authors: Georg Schett, Iain B. McInnes, Markus F. Neurath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

The ability to block specific cytokine pathways has revealed pathophysiological differences among autoimmune diseases (e.g., the efficacy of TNF inhibitors in arthritides and inflammatory bowel disorders and their inefficacy in giant-cell arteritis and multiple sclerosis), providing a framework for reclassification.
Motorized spiral enteroscopy – when things happen: troubleshooting spiral disconnection at 90 minutes into the enteroscopic procedure
Authors: Emanuel Steiner, Andreas Mayer, Andreas Maieron
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

In patients with a biliodigestive anastomosis after pancreatic head resection, biliary strictures are a common complication that carry the risk of stone impaction, pain, and cholangitis. Altered anatomy poses a significant challenge for endoscopists, and often standard endoscopic equipment is not adequate to the task [1] [2]. In the case where there is an extended pancreaticobiliary limb, motorized spiral enteroscopy (MSE) can be used to reach the biliodigestive anastomosis. This procedure, however, requires skilled and well-trained endoscopists, and further anesthesia with orotracheal intubation is mandatory [3] [4].
Comparison of Medication Prescribing Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Nursing Home Residents in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Michael A. Campitelli, Susan E. Bronskill, Laura C. Maclagan, Daniel A. Harris, Cecilia A. Cotton, Mina Tadrous, Andrea Gruneir, David B. Hogan, Colleen J. Maxwell
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

COVID-19 has had devastating effects on the health and well-being of older adult residents and health care professionals in nursing homes. Uncertainty about the associated consequences of these adverse effects on the use of medications common to this care setting remains.
Sustained Wide Complex Tachycardia in a Healthy Man
Authors: Toshikazu D. Tanaka, Takeki Suzuki, Frank I. Marcus
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

This case report describes the electrocardiographic findings of a man in his 40s with palpitations lasting more than 30 hours, no prior symptoms, and a wide complex tachycardia with a rate of 180 beats/min.
Enhancing HIV Prevention with Injectable Preexposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Quarraisha Abdool Karim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

A worldwide goal set by the United Nations in 2016 was to end AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. A key component of the worldwide strategy to achieve this goal is the scale-up of antiretroviral treatment (ART), with viral suppression targets of 73% by 2020 and 86% by 2025.1 Although good progress has been made in reducing the incidence of HIV infection with high ART coverage, this approach has not been sufficient to lower the number of new infections in order to achieve the United Nations’ goal.2 The use of ART both as treatment for persons with HIV . . .
Secondary Schizophrenia
Authors: Dave Hambidge
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Covering 60 years of research without mentioning a paper that highlights fl aws in the literature, in a review, should negate any conclusion.In the Cochrane review by Douglas et al. [1], which is referenced in the Best Practice article by Douglas and Hemilä [2], there was no mention of the revealing paper published last year by Padayatty et al. [3], which shows that three-times greater blood concentration can be achieved with an oral dose of vitamin C than previously thought possible.Since viruses increase the demand for ascorbic acid, the oral doses used in the reviewed studies appear trivial, and would not be expected to produce any positive effect.Compare human oral dose studies to what animals synthesize throughout the day.It is obvious that a single dose of a watersoluble vitamin, regardless of the number of milligrams consumed, will not elevate blood plasma levels enough to produce a preventive or therapeutic effect.