tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and organ specific sequelae of post-acute COVID19: A narrative review
Authors: Eleni Korompoki, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Rachel S Hicklen, Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Efstathios Kastritis, Despina Fotiou, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Evangelos Terpos, Anastasia Kotanidou, Carin A Hagberg, Meletios A Dimopoulos, Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)

"Long COVID", a term coined by COVID-19 survivors, describes persistent or new symptoms in a subset of patients who have recovered from acute illness. Globally, the population of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 continues to expand rapidly, necessitating the need for a more thorough understanding of the array of potential sequelae of COVID-19. The multisystemic aspects of acute COVID-19 have been the subject of intense investigation, but the long-term complications remain poorly understood. Emerging data from lay press, social media, commentaries, and emerging scientific reports suggest that some COVID-19 survivors experience organ impairment and/or debilitating chronic symptoms, at times protean in nature, which impact their quality of life.
Abstract 12672: Post-Implantation Hematoma Increases Risk of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jakrin Kewcharoen, Chanavuth Kanitsoraphan, Sittinun Thangjui, Thiratest Leesutipornchai, Leenhapong Navaravong
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Several studies have shown inconsistent relationship between post-implantation hematoma (PH) and cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of PH and the risk of CIED infection. Hypothesis: PH increases the risk of CIED infection. Methods: We searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to March 2020. Included studies were cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and randomized controlled trials that reported incidence of PH and CIED infection during the follow-up period. CIED infection was defined as either a device-related local or systemic infection. Data from each study were combined using the random-effects, generic inverse variance method of Der Simonian and Laird to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Fourteen studies from 2006 to 2018 were included, involving a total of 28,319 participants. There were 6 cohort studies, 7 case-control studies and 1 randomized controlled trial. In random-effect model, we found that PH significantly increases the risk of overall CIED infection (OR = 6.30, 95%CI: 3.87-10.24, I2=49.3%) (Figure 1). There was no publication bias observed in the funnel plot as well as no small-study effect observed in Egger’s test. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that PH significantly increases the risk of CIED infection. Precaution should be taken to during device implantation to reduce PH and subsequent CIED infection.
Abstract 17310: Feasibility of Contralateral Dialysis Access in Patients With Novel Leadless Devices versus Conventional Transvenous Devices
Authors: Kevin S Hsu, Khaled Boubes, Mahmoud Houmsse, Emile G Daoud, Ralph S Augostini, Steven J Kalbfleisch, Raul Weiss, Toshimasa Okabe, John Hummel, Muhammad R Afzal
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) often progress to hemodialysis (HD), where permanent access such as arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is needed. Due to associated cardiovascular comorbidities, several of these patients also require cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) for pacing or defibrillation needs. HD vascular access is their lifeline, yet prolonged use is fraught with complications which often necessitate the eventual use of both upper extremities. Conventional CIEDs require placement of leads through subclavian veins which limits the ability to use that extremity for AVF. Novel devices such as subcutaneous defibrillator and leadless pacemakers do not require placement of leads in the upper extremity and may offer an advantage in HD patients to preserve both upper extremities for AVF. Objective: To compare the incidence of successful use of contralateral upper extremity for AVF following HD access failure in patients with novel and conventional devices. Methods: This study included all patients who underwent placement of novel leadless and conventional devices during the last 10 years at the Ohio State University. Incidence of successful use of contralateral upper extremity for AVF following HD access failure was assessed as the primary outcome. Incidence of initial HD access failure was assessed as a secondary outcome. Results: A total of 58 patients with novel devices (subcutaneous defibrillator: 30 and leadless pacemaker: 28) comprised the interventional group, while a total of 25 patients with conventional devices comprised the control group. The primary outcome occurred in 18% of the interventional group and 0% of the control group (p &lt; 0.01). Incidence of initial access failure was 46% in the interventional group and 40% in the control group (p= 0.2). Conclusion: Patients on HD have a high incidence of access failure and often require use of the contralateral upper extremity for AVF. Presence of novel devices provides the option for contralateral access compared to conventional transvenous devices. Where possible and clinically indicated, novel devices should be preferred over conventional transvenous devices in ESRD and HD patients.
Abstract 16656: Drug Eluting Balloon Versus Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Below the Knee Intervention for Critical Limb Ischemia: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Muhammad Khalid, Mahmoud El Iskandarani, Vijay Ramu, Michael Donovan, Terry Forrest, Thomas Helton
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Studies have shown decrease rates of restenosis and target lesion revascularization (TLR) with drug eluting balloon (DEB) in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Hypothesis: The aim of this meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of DEB versus Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) below the knee peripheral intervention. Methods: Electronic databases including MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Cochrane Library were searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until April 2020 comparing outcomes of DEB vs PTA in patients with CLI below the knee. End points were major amputation, major adverse events (MAEs), all-cause mortality, target lesion revascularization (TLR), myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). The risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed and p &lt;0.05 was considered as a level of significance. Results: A total of 4 RCTs (n=655) were included in the final analysis. There were no differences of major amputation (RR: 1.30; CI: 0.68-2.46; p=0.43), MAEs (RR: 0.86; CI: 0.60-1.23; p=0.41), all-cause mortality (RR: 0.91; CI: 0.69-1.19; p=0.48), TLR (RR: 0.65; CI: 0.30-1.44; p=0.29), MI (RR: 1.71; CI: 0.57-5.14; p=0.34) and CVA (RR: 0.66; CI: 0.19-2.26; p=0.50) between the 2 groups [Figure 1]. Conclusions: There were no significant differences of major amputation and TLR for DEB versus PTA . Major adverse cardiac, cerebrovascular events and all-cause mortality were not statistically different for drug coated balloon versus PTA in the management of below knee critical limb ischemia. Further studies needed to confirm these findings.
Abstract P200: Effects Of A 2-year Randomized Controlled Trial Physical Activity Intervention On Accelerometer-measured Sleep Characteristics Among Older Adults In Senior Center Communities
Authors: Kelsie M Full, Katie Crist, Marta Jankowska, Pamela L Lutsey, Loki Natarajan
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Targeting daily increases in physical activity (PA) is a common lifestyle strategy for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. While less targeted in lifestyle interventions, poor sleep is also consistently linked to CVD. Emerging evidence connects changes in daily PA to beneficial changes in sleep; however, little is known about the impact of community-based PA interventions on habitual sleep among older adults. We leveraged accelerometer data from the Peer Empowerment Program for Physical Activity in Low Income &amp; Minority Seniors (PEP4PA) randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of a PA intervention on accelerometer-measured sleep characteristics among older adults in low income and diverse senior center communities. Methods: PEP4PA participants (N=476; mean age=71.0 ± 9 years, 75% female, 60% low income, 36% non-white) were recruited from senior centers and randomized to a healthy control condition(n=209) or a peer-lead walking intervention (N=267). The peer-led PA intervention included self-monitoring techniques, health coach counseling, group walks, and community advocacy to improve walking conditions. Participants wore Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the wrist at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. Data were processed for sleep characteristics including weekly average sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Mixed effects regression models provided estimates of the intervention effect on sleep characteristics at each time point. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and race. Three way interaction terms (time*treatment*sleep duration status) were used to assess differential intervention effects by short (&lt;7) and long (&gt;8 hours) sleep duration status at baseline. Results: At baseline, the average sleep duration of participants was 7 hours (SD: 1.07 hours) and the average sleep efficiency was 87.0% (SD: 6.2%). Compared to participants in the control group, participants in the intervention group had shorter sleep durations (7.1 hours vs 7.0 hours; p value: 0.08) and poorer sleep efficiency 86.0% vs 88.2%; p&lt;0.001) at baseline. At 12 or 24-months, there was no intervention effect on participants’ average sleep duration or efficiency. Although not significant, at 6 months, long sleepers in the intervention group experienced an average 6-minute reduction in sleep duration (-B: 6.25, p=0.45) compared to those in the control group. Conclusions: Over the 2-year period, the PA intervention did not appear to have an impact on participants’ average sleep duration or quality. More investigation is needed into the temporal and daily relations of PA and sleep among older adults in interventions to understand if increases in daily PA are associated with better sleep characteristics at night.
Abstract 15258: Higer Unipolar Voltage at Cell Injection Sites Correlates With Better Outcomes After Transendocardial Cd34 <sup>+</sup> Cell Transplantation in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Gregor Poglajen, Neža Žorž, Gregor Zemljic, Sabina Frljak, Andraz Cerar, Emerson C Perin, Bojan VRTOVEC
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: The evidence supporting the impact of electroanatomic guidance in defining the targets for transendocardial cell injections in chronic heart failure (CHF) remains inconclusive. Hypothesis: We evaluated a correlation between electroanatomic properties of the myocardium at the cell injection sites and clinical response to CD34 + cell therapy in CHF patients. Methods: We enrolled 131 consecutive patients with CHF and LVEF&lt;40% undergoing CD34 + cell therapy at a single study site. All patients received bone-marrow stimulation with filgrastim for 5 days; CD34 + cells were collected by apheresis and injected transendocardialy (80x10 6 cells per patient). Target injection sites were defined by electroanatomical mapping as myocardial areas with unipolar voltage &gt;8.3mV and local linear shortening &lt;6%. Favorable clinical response was defined as an increase in LVEF≥5% between baseline and 6 months follow-up. Results: Of 131 patients 69 (53%) displayed a favorable clinical response (Group A) and 62 (47%) patients failed to respond to cell therapy (Group B). At baseline, the groups did not differ in gender (male: 89% in Group A vs. 84% in Group B, P=0.45), age (53±12 years vs. 55±11 years, P=0.25), CHF etiology (ischemic: 22% vs. 32%, P=0.17), LVEF (29±6% vs. 32±7%, P=0.06), or LVEDD (6.3±1.2 cm vs. 6.7±1.0 cm, P=0.10). Patients in Group A had lower baseline creatinine (81±20 μmol/L vs. 92±24 μmol/L in Group B, P=0.005), and lower levels of NT-proBNP (931±1078 pg/mL vs. 2716±2716, P=0.001). The number of cell injections in Groups A and B was comparable (17.3±2.6 injections vs. 17.6±3.5 injections, P=0.60). When analyzing the electroanatomical properties at cell injection sites, we found significantly higher unipolar voltage in Group A (11.2±3.7 mV vs. 9.5±2.6 mV in Group B, P=0.005). However, we found no differences in injection site local linear shortening between the groups (2.7±3.9% in Group A vs. 3.4±3.4 in group B, P=0.56). Conclusions: In CHF patients, higher unipolar voltage at the cell injection sites appears to correlate with better clinical response to transendocardial CD34 + cell therapy. Thus, cell injections guided by measurements of myocardial viability may offer an advantage over blind cell injection strategies in this patient population.
Abstract MP70: Short-term Fine Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With Shorter Sleep Duration And Higher Sleep Variability In Adolescents
Authors: Fan He, Julio Fernandez-Mendoza, Jeff D Yanosky, Vernon M Chinchilli, Laila Al-shaar, Duanping Liao
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Sleep deprivation and large sleep variability are potential risk factors for obesity and cardiovascular diseases. While it is plausible that particulate air pollution may contribute to these unfavorable sleep patterns, very few studies have been conducted to assess the association between fine particulate (PM 2.5 ) air pollution and objectively measured sleep duration and its variability in an adolescent U.S. population. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that higher individual-level short-term PM 2.5 exposure is associated with shorter sleep duration and higher sleep variability among adolescents. Methods: We analyzed the available data collected from 421 adolescents who participated in the follow-up examination of the population-based Penn State Child Cohort (PSCC) study. To estimate individual-level short-term PM 2.5 exposure, a personal nephelometer (Thermo pDR-1200) was used to measure real-time PM 2.5 concentration for 24 hours from the study participants. The 24-hour mean PM 2.5 concentration was used to quantify the short-term PM 2.5 exposure. To obtain objectively-measured habitual sleep duration (HSD) and habitual sleep variability (HSV), an actigraphy (GT3X+) was used to collect sleep data for 7 consecutive nights, including 1 night in parallel with the PM 2.5 monitoring and 6 nights thereafter. HSD and HSV were calculated as the intra-individual mean and standard deviation (SD) of the 7-night sleep duration, respectively. Participants with &lt; 5 nights (70% of 7 nights) of data were excluded from the analyses. The associations between the individual-level PM 2.5 exposure and HSD/HSV were evaluated by using multi-variable adjusted linear regression models, controlling for age, race, sex, BMI percentile, environmental temperature, and relative humidity. Results: The mean (SD) age of the study population was 16.9 (2.2) years. The study sample consisted of 54% males and 78% whites. The 24-hour mean (SD) of PM 2.5 concentration was 16.9 (26.8) μg/m 3 , while the average HSD and HSV were 7.0 (0.9) hours and 1.2 (0.6) hours, respectively. We observed that a 10 μg/m 3 increase in the 24-hour mean PM 2.5 was associated with significantly lower HSD [β (SE): -0.06 (0.03) hours, p=0.02] and larger HSV [β (SE): 0.04 (0.02) hours, p=0.04]. The effect sizes were approximately 7% of their respective SDs. Conclusion: Individual-level short-term PM 2.5 exposure is associated with objective-measured shorter sleep duration and higher night-to-night sleep variability among U.S. adolescents. These observed associations suggest that particulate air pollution exposure in early life may impact habitual sleep pattern, which may in turn be associated with the risks of obesity and cardiovascular diseases in later life.
Abstract 9342: Ivabradine Reduces Interstitial Fibrosis and Enhances the Recovery of Cardiomyocyte Excitation-Contraction Coupling Produced by Mechanical Unloading
Authors: Manoraj Navaratnarajah, Michael Ibrahim, Urszula Siedlecka, Ajay Gandhi, Adarsh Shah, Carin Van Doorn, Priyanthi Dias, Magdi H Yacoub, Cesare M Terracciano
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Improved Ca2+ handling in patients with end stage heart failure (HF) is associated with myocardial recovery during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. LVAD-induced myocardial atrophy and fibrosis are postulated to oppose recovery. Ivabradine (IVA) displays positive structural and excitation-contraction (EC) coupling effects in animal models of HF, and has been used effectively in human HF therapy. However, the effects of IVA during mechanical unloading (MU) are unknown. We studied the chronic effects (4 weeks) of oral IVA (10mg/kg/day), alone and in combination with MU (heterotopic abdominal transplantation), on whole heart/cardiomyocyte structure and function in rat cardiomyopathy (12 weeks) induced by left coronary artery ligation. IVA improved ejection fraction (p&lt;0.01) compared with untreated HF group. IVA caused regression of HF-induced myocyte hypertrophy but did not affect MU-induced myocyte atrophy (cell volume measured by di-8-ANNEPS staining and confocal microscopy (µm3)): IVA 52070 ± 15850 (n =50) p&lt;0.001 vs HF 59710 ± 13610 (n=52), MU+IVA 25569 ± 6171 (n= 40) p &gt;0.05 vs MU 27052 ± 8422 (n=45). IVA reduced HF-induced myocardial fibrosis, an effect that was maintained during MU (interstitial fibrosis measured histologically using picrosirius red staining (% area)): IVA 3.1 ± 0.3 p&lt;0.001 vs HF 7.6 ± 0.3, MU+IVA 2.4 ± 0.2 p&lt; 0.001 vs MU 7.9 ± 0.4 (n=70 for all groups). IVA when used alone or in combination with MU had positive effects on EC coupling of isolated ventricular myocytes. Time to peak (TTP (s)) for sarcomere shortening and for Ca2+ transient (CaT) were reduced by IVA therapy alone: IVA: 0.12 ± 0.05 p&lt; 0.001 vs HF 0.16 ± 0.01 and IVA: 0.07 ± 0.05 p&lt; 0.001 vs HF 0.12 ± 0.02, respectively (n=40 for all groups). IVA enhanced the recovery of both sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content and CaT amplitude achieved by MU (SR Ca2+ content (ratio units): MU+IVA 0.27 ± 0.07 (n=45) p&lt; 0.05 vs MU 0.24 ± 0.50 (n=40), and CaT amplitude (ratio units): MU+IVA 0.25 ± 0.06 (n=45) p&lt;0.001 vs MU 0.18 ± 0.05 (n=40). We conclude that IVA reduces interstitial fibrosis and enhances MU-induced recovery of CaT amplitude and SR Ca2+ content in rodent HF. Such effects may be exploited to enhance myocardial recovery in HF patients treated with LVADs and requires further studies.
Pancreatic stellate cells promote malignant potential in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Keith D. Amos, Todd T. Moore, Thiruvengadam Arumugam, Craig D. Logsdon, Rosa F. Hwang
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

1679  Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinomas contain a significant degree of tumor-associated stroma. In other solid tumors, such as breast and prostate cancer, carcinoma associated fibrosis contributes to the malignant phenotype by stimulating tumor proliferation, and increasing invasive and metastatic ability. However, the role of carcinoma-associated fibrosis in pancreatic cancer is not well understood. We hypothesize that pancreatic stellate cells in the stroma promote the malignant phenotype of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: Rat pancreatic stellate cells (RPSCs) were isolated and established in primary culture. Conditioned media from either RPSCs or immortalized rat pancreatic stellate (LTC-7) cells was added to Panc-1, MiaPaCa, or MPanc96 pancreatic cells and proliferation was assessed using a standard MTS assay. A survival assay was performed to assess whether conditioned media improved pancreatic cancer cell survival in the presence of gemcitabine. The rates of migration and invasion of the tumor cells were evaluated using a Transwell culture system in the presence of either concentrated conditioned media, or RPSC or LTC-7 cells in the lower chamber for 48 hours. Results: Panc-1 cells increased proliferation in the presence of conditioned media derived from RPSCs. Panc-1, MiaPaCa and MPanc96 cells showed statistically significant increased rates of migration in the presence of either RPSCs, LTC-7, or concentrated conditioned media (CCM) from LTC-7 cells. Table 1. Migration Rates. (Mean number of cells in three non-overlapping high powered fields at 20x magnification + Standard Deviation) * indicates p-value
Abstract 17256: Utility of Echocardiography in Acute and Recurrent Pericarditis
Authors: Muhammad M Furqan, Ray Tabucanon, Mohamed Khayata, Beni R Verma, Chadi Ayoub, Allan L Klein
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Pericarditis usually presents with sharp chest pain, and other diagnostic features include pericardial rub, typical EKG changes (diffuse ST elevation and PR depression), and the presence of pericardial effusion (PEff). Echocardiography (ECHO) is the first-line imaging modality in pericarditis. It helps to identify PEff, constrictive physiology, and wall motion abnormalities. We sought to characterize ECHO features in a large cohort of patients with acute (AP) and recurrent pericarditis (RP). Methods: Data were collected retrospectively for patients with acute and recurrent pericarditis. Pericarditis was diagnosed based on the European Society of Cardiology pericardial disease guidelines. ECHOs were reviewed for relevant features and findings. Chi-square test statistics were used to compare AP and RP. Results: A total of 323 consecutive patients with RP (68%) and AP (32%) was identified from January 2015 to December 2018. The median age was 52 years 56% were female. Of the total patients, the most common finding on ECHO was PEff (42%). Of the patients having PEff, 65 (20%) had trivial, 42 (13%) small, 19 (6%) moderate, and 6 (2%) had large effusion. Other findings included constrictive physiology (20%), thickened pericardium (4%), and echo wall motion abnormality (3%). AP patients had higher number of PEff compared to RP (51% vs 38%; [X 2 =4.1, p=0.043]. Increased pericardial thickness was only found in patients with RP (6% in RP vs 0% in AP; [X 2 =6, p=0.014]. All the other findings were similar across RP and AP Conclusion: The most common echocardiographic finding in acute and recurrent pericarditis patients is pericardial effusion followed by constrictive physiology and thickened pericardium. Pericardial effusion appears to be more frequent in AP patients as compared to RP. These findings may be useful in the diagnostic workup of pericarditis.
Pan-cancer landscape of<i>CD274</i>(PD-L1) copy number changes in 244 584 patient samples and the correlation with PD-L1 protein expression
Authors: Richard S.P. Huang, Karthikeyan Murugesan, Meagan Montesion, Dean C. Pavlick, Douglas A. Mata, Matthew C. Hiemenz, Brennan Decker, Garrett Frampton, Lee A. Albacker, Jeffrey S. Ross
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Several studies have shown clinical outcomes data that support the use of