tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Anticoagulant Treatment After Myocardial Infarction
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Connective tissue diseases and the heart
Authors: M. G. Perlroth
Journal: JAMA (1975)

CONNECTIVE tissue disease is a term used to describe any one of a group of rheumatoid disorders of uncertain cause, which have overlapping clinical manifestations and may share common mechanisms of pathogenesis. The diseases included in the discussion are rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) (scleroderma), classic polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), polymyositis (dermatomyositis), ankylosing spondylitis, and Reiter syndrome. Acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease are not discussed. This selection is necessarily arbitrary and is defended only by general familiarity with these diagnostic categories and their recognized potential for producing cardiac and pericardial lesions (Table). Diagnostic criteria and extracardiac manifestations of these diseases are summarized comprehensively elsewhere.<sup>1</sup> The most apparent external clinical manifestations of these disorders typically involve joints and skin. However, cardiac disease occurs as well and plays an important role in determining whether a patient with one of these diseases has a chronic
FoxM1 Is Up-Regulated by Obesity and Stimulates β-Cell Proliferation
Authors: Dawn Belt Davis, Jeremy A. Lavine, Joshua I. Suhonen, Kimberly A. Krautkramer, Mary E. Rabaglia, Jamie M. Sperger, Luis A. Fernandez, Brian S. Yandell, Mark P. Keller, I-Ming Wang, Eric E. Schadt, Alan D. Attie
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

β-Cell mass expansion is one mechanism by which obese animals compensate for insulin resistance and prevent diabetes. FoxM1 is a transcription factor that can regulate the expression of multiple cell cycle genes and is necessary for the maintenance of adult β-cell mass, β-cell proliferation, and glucose homeostasis. We hypothesized that FoxM1 is up-regulated by nondiabetic obesity and initiates a transcriptional program leading to β-cell proliferation. We performed gene expression analysis on islets from the nondiabetic C57BL/6 Leptinob/ob mouse, the diabetic BTBR Leptinob/ob mouse, and an F2 Leptinob/ob population derived from these strains. We identified obesity-driven coordinated up-regulation of islet Foxm1 and its target genes in the nondiabetic strain, correlating with β-cell mass expansion and proliferation. This up-regulation was absent in the diabetic strain. In the F2 Leptinob/ob population, increased expression of Foxm1 and its target genes segregated with higher insulin and lower glucose levels. We next studied the effects of FOXM1b overexpression on isolated mouse and human islets. We found that FoxM1 stimulated mouse and human β-cell proliferation by activating many cell cycle phases. We asked whether FOXM1 expression is also responsive to obesity in human islets by collecting RNA from human islet donors (body mass index range: 24–51). We found that the expression of FOXM1 and its target genes are positively correlated with body mass index. Our data suggest that β-cell proliferation occurs in adult obese humans in an attempt to expand β-cell mass to compensate for insulin resistance, and that the FoxM1 transcriptional program plays a key role in this process.
Nephrotoxic and Genotoxic N-Acetyl-S-Dichlorovinyl-L-Cysteine Is a Urinary Metabolite after Occupational 1,1,2-Trichloroethene Exposure in Humans: Implications for the Risk of Trichloroethene Exposure
Authors: Gerhard Birner, Spyridon Vamvakas, Wolfgang Dekant, Dietrich Henschler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Excretion of mercapturic acids in the urine is indicative of the formation of electrophiles in the metabolism of xenobiotics. The determination of these mercapturic acids thus may be a useful method to estimate the exposure. We identified the nephrotoxic and mutagenic mercapturic acids N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L- cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in the urine of workers exposed to 1,1,2-trichloroethene. A method to quantify these mercapturic acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring was developed and appreciable amounts (2.8-3.8 mumole/L were found in human urine samples. Because deacetylation determines notably the amount of the excreted mercapturic acids, the formation of the resulting cysteine S-conjugates was comparably measured in subcellular fractions of rodent and human kidneys; significant species differences in acylase activity were found. The formation of mutagenic and nephrotoxic metabolites during 1,1,2-trichloroethene metabolism mandates a revision of the risk assessment of trichloroethene exposure.
Knee stability and knee ligament injuries
Authors: A. Kalenak
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Controversy exists on the relationship of knee ligament stability to knee injuries. Subjective evaluation of joint tightness or looseness has been proposed as a criterion for prescribing selective corrective strengthening or stretching exercises. Biomechanical studies of knee ligament stability were performed on 401 college football players from 1969 to 1971. Forty-three knee ligament injuries occurred during this period of time, 19 (44.2%) in "loose-jointed" players and 24 (55.8%) in "tight-jointed" players. Joint laxity tests were performed on 72 college football players; the distribution of college football players failing to perform each of the tests was quite different from that reported for professional football players. There was no relationship between the subjective joint laxity tests and the objective biomechanical tests of knee ligament stability. We conclude that it is not possible to predict knee injuries by subjective evaluations of joint laxity or by objective biomechanical knee ligament evaluations and that exercise programs based on subjective studies are therefore not sound. (<i>JAMA</i>234:1143-1145, 1975)
Target levels for low-density lipoprotein in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: H. B. Rubins
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I am writing in reference to the recently published Summary of the Second Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II).<sup>1</sup>The initial guidelines issued by this panel 5 years ago were enormously influential in shaping practice and focusing the debate in this area. Undoubtedly, this update will be widely read and extensively discussed as well. It is therefore unfortunate that the article presents the panel's conclusions without providing its rationale. The article is unreferenced and there is no mention of the methods used to gather and analyze the relevant supporting evidence. The decision to lower the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol goal for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients to 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) is one example of a controversial recommendation<sup>2</sup>for which a discussion of the supporting data
Norovirus Activity—United States, 2002
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lancet, London
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Squatter Sam
Authors: David S. Grauman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

On Being a Doctor6 February 2007Squatter SamDavid S. Grauman, MDDavid S. Grauman, MDFrom Fairbanks, Alaska.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-3-200702060-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail On a cold winter afternoon in Fairbanks, Alaska, there was a slight air of expectation in our 2-doctor internal medicine office. After a hiatus of 5 years, Sam had made an appointment.I had first met Sam some 15 years ago. Even in a place famous for colorful characters, he was a standout. Small and wiry, with rotten teeth and a nearly constant smile, he had come to me for care of his narcolepsy. His disease first manifested in his mid-twenties when he was working on the Trans-Alaska pipeline. Medication helped but did not fully overcome his profound fatigue and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Fairbanks, Alaska.Corresponding Author: David S. Grauman, MD, 1919 Lathrop No. 203, Fairbanks, AK 99701; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSquatter Sam and Professionalism David C. Dale Metrics Cited byFrom Homeless to Housed: Caring for People in TransitionSquatter Sam and ProfessionalismDavid C. Dale, MD 6 February 2007Volume 146, Issue 3Page: 227-228KeywordsAmphetaminesDisabilitiesDrug regulationFatigueFoodMotivationNeurologyNursesSleepTemperature ePublished: 6 February 2007 Issue Published: 6 February 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Environmental genotoxicity evaluation using cytogenetic end points in wild rodents.
Authors: A M de Souza Bueno, C A de Bragança Pereira, M N Rabello-Gay
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We analyzed cytogenetic end points in three populations of two species of wild rodents--Akodon montensis and Oryzomys nigripes--living in an industrial, an agricultural, and a preservation area at the Itajaí Valley, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Our purpose was to evaluate the performance of the following end points in the establishment of a genotoxic profile of each area: the polychromatic/normochromatic cell ratio; the mitotic index; the frequency of micronucleated cells both in the bone marrow and peripheral blood; and the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow. Preparations were obtained using conventional cytogenetic techniques. The results showed a) the role of the end points used as biomarkers in the early detection of genotoxic agents and in the identification of species and populations at higher risk; b) the difference in sensitivity of the species selected as bioindicators in relation to the cytogenetic end points analyzed; c) the need to use at least two sympatric species to detect the presence of genotoxins in each locality; and d) the need to use several end points when trying to establish a genotoxic profile of an area.
Proceedings of the British Thoracic Society
Authors: C Bucknall, C Robertson, F Moran, Stevenson Royal, B O'driscoll, S Kalra, M Wilson, J Robson, Cac Pickering, C Bosley, D Parry, G Cochrane, Pfg Gannon, D Newton, S Stenton, A Avery, J Beach, E Walters, Hendrick Chest Unit, M Pearson, Dmg Halpin, D Kemp, A Stewart, J Waterhouse, C Billings, P Howard
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Prospective audits of hospital management of acute asthma were carried out in 1985-6 for a calendar year and in 1991 for six months.Patients were interviewed at home two weeks after discharge, when symptoms of poor asthma control were sought and hospital casenotes were reviewed for details of management and evidence of readmission to hospital.Data from 157 episodes in 1985-6 and 86 episodes in 1991 are available.These two groups were similar in terms of age, gender, proportion of current smokers, initial pulse rate on admission to hospital and initial PEF, where this was recorded.Similar proportions had a definite diagnosis of asthma (1985-6 153/152, 89%; 1991 76/83, 92%).There were significant improvements in most aspects of hospital management (table, A, below).However, there was no improvement in outcome as judged by symptoms of poor control two weeks after discharge or readmission to hospital within two months (table, B, below).Possible reasons for this apparently worsening outcome despite better process include: (1) undetected differences between groups being compared;(2) underlying increase in severity of asthma; (3) improvements in process not as important or as substantial as outlined.
The Regulation of Tight Junction Permeability During Nutrient Absorption Across the Intestinal Epithelium
Authors: S. T. Ballad
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1995)

Tight junctions are located at the luminal aspect of adjacent epithelial cells and form a barrier that limits the paracellular diffusion of hydrophilic solutes. In recent years, evidence has accumulated to indicate that tight-junction permeability is regulated by the absorption of various nutrients. In this review, we present the physiological basis and importance of tight-junction regulation in intestinal epithelium. The molecular structure of tight junctions and their interactions with the cell cytoskeleton as well as the physical and chemical forces that influence tight junction permeability are described. Much of this review addresses the controversial Pappenheimer hypothesis, which states that a major portion of intestinal glucose absorption occurs through tight junctions and not by saturable transcellular active transport. The absorption of a significant portion of glucose through tight junctions requires increased junctional permeability, a very high intralumenal glucose concentration, and a sufficient osmotic gradient to promote volume flow.
Health effects of smokeless tobacco. Council on Scientific Affairs
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Continuing education for the rural physician
Authors: J. C. Owens
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A two-day continuing education course in emergency care was presented in small communities of Colorado and Wyoming to 349 rural physicians. Eighty percent of the physicians in those areas participated, indicating the interest of rural practitioners in updating their training if they can do so in their own communities. Continuity of care in the communities was provided by university residents covering local hospitals and clinics. The cost was comparable with other forms of continuing education; there was no tuition fee. The success of the program suggests that the special problems of providing education in rural areas require special solutions. Courses must be designed to reach all rural physicians to satisfy the increasing demand for continuing medical education. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1261-1263, 1979)
The contribution of changes in the prevalence of prone sleeping position to the decline in sudden infant death syndrome in Tasmania
Authors: T. Dwyer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the independent contribution of changes in infant sleep position to the recent decline in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) rate in Tasmania. <h3>Design.</h3> —(1) A comparison of the whole population incidence of SIDS before and after an intervention to reduce the prevalence of prone sleeping position. (2) A within-cohort analysis of the contribution of sleep position and other exposures to the decline in SIDS after the intervention. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Tasmania, Australia. <h3>Participants.</h3> —(1) All SIDS cases from 1975 through 1992. (2) A sample of one in five infants born in Tasmania who at perinatal assessment were scored to be at higher risk for SIDS since January 1988. Of 5534 infants included in the study, 39 later died of SIDS. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Multiple public health activities to reduce the prevalence of the prone infant sleeping position in Tasmania and verbal information on the association between prone position and SIDS to cohort participants from May 1, 1991. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Sudden infant death syndrome incidence. <h3>Results.</h3> —The Tasmanian SIDS rate decreased (<i>P</i>&lt;.01) from 3.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5 to 4.2) deaths per 1000 live births from 1975 through 1990 to a rate of 1.5(95% CI, 0.9 to 2.2) deaths per 1000 live births in 1991 through 1992. The SIDS mortality rate in the cohort by period of birth was 7.6 (95% CI, 4.9 to 10.3) deaths per 1000 live births for those born from May 1, 1988, through April 30, 1991, and 4.1 (95% CI, 1.3 7.0) deaths per 1000 infants for those born from May 1,1991, through October 31, 1992. The prevalence of usual prone sleeping position at 1 month of age was 29.9% and 4.3% in these two cohorts, respectively (adjusted odds ratio, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.13). Logistic regression demonstrated that 70% of the SIDS rate reduction in the cohort could be accounted for by the decreased prevalence of the prone sleeping position. Other factors examined individually contributed to less than 10% of the SIDS rate reduction. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The major contributing factor to the recent SIDS rate decline in Tasmania has been the reduction in the proportion of infants usually sleeping prone. EVIDENCE has
OC-083 Clinical trial: influence of bovine colostrum on intestinal permeability in healthy athletes after heavy exercise
Authors: T Marchbank, G Davison, J R Oakes, M Ghatei, M Patterson, J Rolfs, R J Playford
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Heavy exercise results in gut symptoms and in extreme cases “heat stroke” due, in part, to increased intestinal permeability of luminal toxins. We examined if bovine colostrum a rich source of growth factors and immune modulators could prevent these permeability changes. <h3>Methods</h3> Twelve healthy volunteers completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover protocol (14 days colostrum or placebo) prior to standardised exercise. Gut permeability utilised 5 h urinary lactulose: rhamnose ratios. In vitro studies (T84 cells) examined effects of colostrum on temperature-induced apoptosis (active caspase-3) and epithelial resistance. <h3>Results</h3> For both arms of study, exercise increased the blood lactate, heart rate, core temperature (mean 2°C rise) and plasma VIP by similar amounts. However, GLP-1 plasma levels results were discordant; rising by 88.7 pmol/l in placebo arm but falling by 4.2 pmol/l in colostrum arm (p=0.026). Intestinal permeability in placebo arm increased 2.5-fold following exercise (0.38±0.012 baseline value, to 0.92±0.014, p&lt;0.01), whereas colostrum truncated this rise by 80% (only rising from 0.38±0.012, initial baseline value, to 0.49±0.017) following exercise. In vitro apoptosis increased by 63% in response to increasing temperature by 2°C whereas this effect was truncated by 66% if colostrum was co-present (all p&lt;0.01). Similar results were obtained when changes in epithelial resistance were assessed (colostrum truncating the fall in resistance by 64%, p&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Bovine colostrum reduced exercise-induced increase in gut permeability, possibly through mechanisms including reducing temperature-induced apoptosis. This may have value in enhancing athletic performance and preventing heat stroke.