tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From the authors
Authors: D. Bouros, G. Giannakoulas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

fulfilled the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria for lung transplantation.In this group there were nine patients with IPF, four patients with advanced allergic hypersensitivity alveolitis, three patients suffered from lung fibrosis in a course of connective tissue diseases and two patients had silicosis.The control group consisted of 22 patients with ILD that had been evaluated for lung transplantation, but did not meet all ATS/ERS criteria for intervention.Similarly to PAPADOPOULOS et al.[1], we excluded patients with coexistent heart-circulation diseases or other diseases which might affect the LV function.The echocardiogram included two-dimensional examination with colour-doppler and pulsative parameters according to the recommendation of the American Echocardiography Society [4].
Bacterial endocarditis in subjects 60 years of age and older.
Authors: RThell, F HMartin, J EEdwards
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Forty-two cases of bacterial endocarditis with pathologic confirmation are reviewed. Infection was restricted to one or both left-sided valves in 31 cases, right-sided valves in five cases, and valves in both sides of the heart in six cases. In those specimens available for review, underlying valvular disease was identifiable in 24 of 38 cases (63%). The common underlying diseases, in order of decreasing frequency, were calcified or otherwise deformed aortic valves (11 cases) and rheumatic fibrosis of the mitral valve (eight cases). The floppy mitral valve was the underlying condition in two cases and amyloid infiltration of the tricuspid valve in one. Among the 34 cases from which a specific organism was identified, the dominant organisms were Staphylococcus (14 cases) and various types of Streptococci(ten cases). Fungi were the causative organisms in two cases. The clinical suspicion for the presence of bacterial endocarditis was low (40% of 40 cases with adequate data). In those cases with adequate dat...
Cardiovascular mortality and noncontraceptive use of estrogen in women: results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study.
Authors: T LBush, EBarrett-Connor, L DCowan, M HCriqui, R BWallace, C MSuchindran, H ATyroler, B MRifkind
Journal: Circulation (1987)

A cohort of 2270 white women, aged 40-69 years at baseline, were followed for an average of 8.5 years in the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study. There were 44 deaths due to cardiovascular disease among the 1677 nonusers of estrogens and six cardiovascular disease deaths among the 593 estrogen users. The age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of cardiovascular disease deaths in users compared with nonusers was 0.34 (95% confidence limits 0.12 to 0.81). After multivariable adjustment for potential confounding factors (age, blood pressure, and smoking), the estimated RR for estrogen use was 0.37 (95% confidence limits 0.16 to 0.88). Analyses were done to explore whether these results could be due to selection bias for estrogen use. However, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease at baseline was slightly higher in estrogen users (12%) than in nonusers (10%); furthermore, the exclusion of all women with prevalent cardiovascular disease at baseline did not alter the apparent protective effect of estrogen...
The intestinal microbiota and metabolites in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Petra Prochazkova, Radka Roubalova, Jiri Dvorak, Jakub Kreisinger, Martin Hill, Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova, Petra Tomasova, Helena Pelantova, Martina Cermakova, Marek Kuzma, Josef Bulant, Martin Bilej, Kvido Smitka, Alena Lambertova, Petra Holanova, Hana Papezova
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Brain-gut microbiota interactions are intensively studied in connection with various neurological and psychiatric diseases. While anorexia nervosa (AN) pathophysiology is not entirely clear, it is presumably linked to microbiome dysbiosis. We aimed to elucidate the gut microbiota contribution in AN disease pathophysiology. We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome of patients with AN (bacteriome and mycobiome) from stool samples before and after renourishment, and compared them to healthy controls. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were analyzed in stool samples by MS and NMR, respectively. Biochemical, anthropometric, and psychometric profiles were assessed. The bacterial alpha-diversity parameter analyses revealed only increased Chao 1 index in patients with AN before the realimentation, reflecting their interindividual variation. Subsequently, core microbiota depletion signs were observed in patients with AN. Overrepresented OTUs (operation taxonomic units) in patients with AN taxonomically belonged to Alistipes, Clostridiales, Christensenellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Underrepresented OTUs in patients with AN were Faecalibacterium, Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Blautia, and Lachnospira. Patients exhibited greater interindividual variation in the gut bacteriome, as well as in metagenome content compared to controls, suggesting altered bacteriome functions. Patients had decreased levels of serotonin, GABA, dopamine, butyrate, and acetate in their stool samples compared to controls. Mycobiome analysis did not reveal significant differences in alpha diversity and fungal profile composition between patients with AN and healthy controls, nor any correlation of the fungal composition with the bacterial profile. Our results show the changed profile of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in patients with severe AN. Although therapeutic partial renourishment led to increased body mass index and improved psychometric parameters, SCFA, and neurotransmitter profiles, as well as microbial community compositions, did not change substantially during the hospitalization period, which can be potentially caused by only partial weight recovery.
Evolving concepts in the management of congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia. A multicenter study.
Authors: EVillain, V LVetter, J MGarcia, JHerre, ACifarelli, AGarson
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We reviewed the records of 26 infants with congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) from seven institutions to examine the evolution in the management of this tachycardia that is difficult to treat. JET was defined electrocardiographically as an incessant tachycardia with normal QRS morphology and atrioventricular (AV) dissociation. The ventricular rate ranged from 140 to 370 beats/min (mean, 230 beats/min); 16 of 26 patients had cardiac failure. Treatment success was defined as a stable decrease in the rate of JET, below 150 beats/min; partial success was a significant decrease of JET rate with alleviation of symptoms. All patients received digoxin with no significant effect. Propranolol was given to 16 patients, with two successes and one partial success. Combinations of other conventional agents were used in 11 patients with two successes; 14 patients were treated with amiodarone, which resulted in eight successes and three partial successes; three patients died suddenly on medical treatment (am...
Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography evaluation of coronary blood flow velocity in baseline conditions and during dipyridamole-induced coronary vasodilation.
Authors: SIliceto, VMarangelli, CMemmola, PRizzon
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Transesophageal echocardiography allows the evaluation of proximal coronary artery anatomy and coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV). To assess the potential of transesophageal echocardiography in evaluating CBFV and its variations induced by coronary-active drugs, we studied 15 patients by high-quality pulsed wave Doppler recordings of CBFV. In these patients, transesophageal Doppler evaluation of CBFV was performed before, 2 minutes after cessation of dipyridamole infusion (0.56 mg/kg in 4 minutes), and 2 minutes after aminophylline infusion (240 mg injected 4 minutes after cessation of dipyridamole infusion). The following CBFV parameters were evaluated at each of the three steps of the study protocol: maximal and mean diastolic velocities and maximal and mean systolic velocities. Furthermore, the following indexes of coronary flow reserve were evaluated: the ratio between maximal diastolic velocity recorded after and before dipyridamole administration and the ratio between mean diastolic velocity record...
Value of peak exercise oxygen consumption for optimal timing of cardiac transplantation in ambulatory patients with heart failure.
Authors: D MMancini, HEisen, WKussmaul, RMull, L HEdmunds, J RWilson
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDOptimal timing of cardiac transplantation in ambulatory patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction is often difficult. To determine whether measurement of peak oxygen consumption (VO2) during maximal exercise testing can be used to identify patients in whom transplantation can be safely deferred, we prospectively performed exercise testing on all ambulatory patients referred for transplant between October 1986 and December 1989.METHODS AND RESULTSPatients were assigned into one of three groups on the basis of exercise data: Group 1 (n = 35) comprised patients accepted for transplant (VO2 less than or equal to 14 ml/kg/min); group 2 (n = 52) comprised patients considered too well for transplant (VO2 greater than 14 ml/kg/min); and group 3 (n = 27) comprised patients with low VO2 rejected for transplant due to noncardiac problems. All three groups were comparable in New York Heart Association functional class, ejection fraction, and cardiac index (p = NS). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure...
Apolipoprotein polymorphisms fail to define risk of coronary artery disease. Results of a prospective, angiographically controlled study.
Authors: H WMarshall, L CMorrison, L LWu, J LAnderson, P SCorneli, D MStauffer, AAllen, L AKaragounis, R HWard
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDBecause genetic factors are believed to contribute to the etiology of coronary artery disease (CAD), it has been suggested that DNA polymorphisms at candidate loci might identify individuals at high risk for developing disease. In this regard, apolipoprotein genes represent extremely promising loci because levels of apolipoproteins and their associated lipoproteins represent a major risk factor for CAD, and rare dysfunctional mutations in these genes result in a significant risk for CAD. To date, although some reports indicate that DNA polymorphisms at these loci are associated with increased risk of CAD, other reports have failed to find such associations.METHODS AND RESULTSTo resolve the question of whether genetic polymorphisms at apolipoprotein loci can be used to identify individuals at increased risk for CAD, we evaluated the distribution of apolipoprotein genetic polymorphisms in a large series of subjects (n = 848) undergoing coronary angiography. Blinded assessment of angiograms was use...
Gender Differences in Treatment Allocation and Survival of Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Willemieke P M Dijksterhuis, Marianne C Kalff, Anna D Wagner, Rob H A Verhoeven, Valery E P P Lemmens, Martijn G H van Oijen, Suzanne S Gisbertz, Mark I van Berge Henegouwen, Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2021)

Biological sex and gender have been reported to affect incidence and overall survival (OS) of curatively treated gastroesophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to compare palliative treatment allocation and OS between women and men with advanced gastroesophageal cancer.Patients with an unresectable or metastatic esophageal (including cardia) adenocarcinoma (EAC) or squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) diagnosed in 2015-2018 were identified in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Treatment allocation was compared using χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses, and OS using the Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards analysis. All statistical tests were 2-sided.Of patients with EAC (n = 3077), ESCC (n = 794), and GAC (n = 1836), 18.0%, 39.4%, and 39.1% were women, respectively. Women less often received systemic treatment compared with men for EAC (42.7% vs 47.4%, P = .045) and GAC (33.8% vs 38.8%, P = .03) but not for ESCC (33.2% vs 39.5%, P = .07). Women had a lower probability of receiving systemic treatment for GAC in multivariable analyses (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62 to 1.00) but not for EAC (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.69 to 1.06) and ESCC (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.14). Median OS was lower in women with EAC (4.4 vs 5.2 months, P = .04) but did not differ after adjustment for patient and tumor characteristics and systemic treatment administration.We observed statistically significant and clinically relevant gender differences in systemic treatment administration and OS in advanced gastroesophageal cancer. Causes of these disparities may be sex based (ie, related to tumor biology) as well as gender based (eg, related to differences in treatment choices).
Mechanisms responsible for the heterogeneous coronary microvascular response to nitroglycerin.
Authors: M AKurz, K GLamping, J NBates, C LEastham, M LMarcus, D GHarrison
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Nitroglycerin dilates large (greater than or equal to 100 microns) but not small coronary arterial microvessels, and a putative metabolite of nitroglycerin, S-nitroso-L-cysteine, has been shown in vitro to dilate both large and small coronary microvessels. Based on this evidence, we tested the hypothesis that the lack of response of small coronary microvessels was due to an inability of small coronary microvessels to convert nitroglycerin into its vasoactive metabolite and examined possible explanations for this phenomenon. We studied left ventricular epicardial microvessels in vivo using video microscopy and stroboscopic epi-illumination in anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Diameters were determined while the epicardium was suffused with nitroglycerin, S-nitroso-L-cysteine, or S-nitroso-D-cysteine (all 10 microM) and nitroglycerin in the presence of L- or D-cysteine (100 microM). None of the agents affected systemic hemodynamics. Nitroglycerin dilated large arterioles (20 +/- 2%) but not small arterioles (1...
An evaluation of ribonuclease protection assays for the detection of beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene mutations.
Authors: C AMacRae, H CWatkins, J AJarcho, LThierfelder, W JMcKenna, J GSeidman, C ESeidman
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDRibonuclease (RNase) protection has been used to identify beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene mutations that cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). Since more than 10 different mutations within this gene have been demonstrated to cause FHC in unrelated individuals, the genetic diagnosis of this condition will involve screening the beta-MHC gene. The accuracy with which RNase protection identifies such mutations is critical to defining the utility of this methodology in detecting mutations that cause FHC.METHODS AND RESULTSTwelve unrelated individuals with FHC were selected for further study because their beta-MHC genes had been screened for mutations by use of RNase protection, and no mutation was found. We performed linkage analysis of the families of these 12 probands using polymorphic short tandem repeats within the beta-MHC gene to determine whether FHC was genetically linked to the MHC locus on chromosome 14. FHC was not genetically linked to the MHC locus in 11 families w...
Respiratory system impedance in patients with acute left ventricular failure: pathophysiology and clinical interest.
Authors: F BDepeursinge, C DDepeursinge, A KBoutaleb, FFeihl, C HPerret
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To investigate the relationship between alterations in lung mechanics and acute pulmonary vascular congestion, repeated measurements of the respiratory system impedance (Zrs) were performed in 11 patients with and in seven without acute left ventricular failure. Indexes of Zrs were obtained by calculating the average and slope of the resistance and reactance in low (10 to 20 Hz) and high (20 to 50 Hz) frequency intervals. Zrs indexes in patients with ventricular failure differ significantly from those in patients without failure. Pulmonary vascular congestion is regularly associated with an abnormal frequency dependence of resistance at low frequencies and with an increased resonant frequency. Discriminant analysis of Zrs indexes allows 92% correct classification of pulmonary capillary wedge pressures lower than and those equal to or higher than 18 mm Hg. Zrs differences between patients with and without left ventricular failure are consistent with the presence of a small airways obstruction even in patie...
Direct measurement of L-type Ca2+ window current in heart cells.
Authors: YHirano, AMoscucci, C TJanuary
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The activation and inactivation relations of several ion channel currents overlap, suggesting the existence of a steady-state or  current. We studied L-type Ca2+ channel window current in single cardiac Purkinje cells using a voltage-clamp protocol by which channels were first inactivated nearly completely during a long-duration depolarizing step, and then the recovery of Ca2+ current was observed during repolarizing steps into the L-type Ca2+ window voltage range. With these conditions, a small-amplitude inward Ca2+ current gradually developed after repolarization to voltages within the window but not after steps to voltages positive or negative to it. Window current was suppressed by Cd2+ (50 microM), nifedipine (1 microM), and nicardipine (1 microM), and it was augmented by isoproterenol (5 microM) and Bay K 8644 (1 microM). At voltages at which window current developed, L-type Ca2+ channels also recovered to a closed state from which they could be reopened by an additional depolarizing step. A...
Conservative Management vs Intervention for Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations—Reply
Authors: Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Carl E. Counsell, Philip M. White
Journal: JAMA (2014)

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Within-City Variation in Reactive Oxygen Species from Fine Particle Air Pollution and COVID-19
Authors: David M. Stieb, Greg J. Evans, Teresa M. To, Pascale S. J. Lakey, Manabu Shiraiwa, Marianne Hatzopoulou, Laura Minet, Jeffrey R. Brook, Richard T. Burnett, Scott A. Weichenthal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Rationale: Evidence linking outdoor air pollution with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) incidence and mortality is largely based on ecological comparisons between regions that may differ in factors such as access to testing and control measures that may not be independent of air pollution concentrations. Moreover, studies have yet to focus on key mechanisms of air pollution toxicity such as oxidative stress. Objectives: To conduct a within-city analysis of spatial variations in COVID-19 incidence and the estimated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung lining fluid attributable to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ⩽2.5 μm [PM2.5]). Methods: Sporadic and outbreak-related COVID-19 case counts, testing data, population data, and sociodemographic data for 140 neighborhoods were obtained from the City of Toronto. ROS estimates were based on a mathematical model of ROS generation in lung lining fluid in response to iron and copper in PM2.5. Spatial variations in long-term average ROS were predicted using a land-use regression model derived from measurements of iron and copper in PM2.5. Data were analyzed using negative binomial regression models adjusting for covariates identified using a directed acyclic graph and accounting for spatial autocorrelation. Measurements and Main Results: A significant positive association was observed between neighborhood-level ROS and COVID-19 incidence (incidence rate ratio = 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.15 per interquartile range ROS). Effect modification by neighborhood-level measures of racialized group membership and socioeconomic status was also identified. Conclusions: Examination of neighborhood characteristics associated with COVID-19 incidence can identify inequalities and generate hypotheses for future studies.
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: J. S. Hedges
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>ACTION OF THE NORTH CENTRAL OHIO MEDICAL SOCIETY.</h3> The following preamble and resolution was unanimously adopted and ordered published inThe Journalat the forty-first quarterly meeting of the North Central Ohio Medical Society, held at Mansfield, Ohio, March 27, 1891: Whereas, An effort is being made to removeThe Journal of the American Medical Associationfrom Chicago, Ill., to Washington, D. C.; and, Whereas,The Journalwhich was born in Cleveland, Ohio, has been so well nurtured in Chicago that it has grown from a dependent, unsupporting infant, to an independent self-supporting adult, which commands the respect and support of the profession throughout the Continent, and now stands among the first of any of its colleagues in America, and, Whereas, It has accomplished all this in the short space of seven years through the judicious management and untiring energies of its Trustees, Supervising Editors and Business Manager. Therefore, Be
The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in individualised drug dosage and exposure measurement in tuberculosis and HIV co-infection
Authors: Susanna Esposito, Luigi R. Codecasa, Rosella Centis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

We read with interest the correspondence from A. Daskapan and colleagues commenting on our article [1] describing a complex tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in Milan, Italy, caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis [2, 3]. Evaluation of TDM in assessing appropriateness of drug dosage in complex TB cases <http://ow.ly/CUEyW>
Benefit of Abciximab in Patients with Refractory Unstable Angina in Relation to Serum Troponin T Levels
Authors: Sylvia Mayes, Contact Lee, Ellen Graves, Karen Schmitt, Richard Falvo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The exhibit explores the relationship between art and medicine and is composed of works obtained from the history of medicine collections in the four North Carolina medical schools -Duke, East Carolina University, UNC-Chapel Hill, and Wake Forest.Over 100 objects are arranged in five sections -art and anatomy; the surgical arts; the doctor's practice; obstetrics; and non-Western medicine.