tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of treatments for infantile colic: systematic review
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of diets, drug treatment, and behavioural interventions on infantile colic in trials with crying or the presence of colic as the primary outcome measure.Data sources: Controlled clinical trials identified by a highly sensitive search strategy in Medline (1966-96), Embase (1986-95), and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, in combination with reference checking for further relevant publications.Keywords were crying and colic.Study selection: Two independent assessors selected controlled trials with interventions lasting at least 3 days that included infants younger than 6 months who cried excessively.Data synthesis: Methodological quality was assessed by two assessors independently with a quality assessment scale (range 0-5).Effect sizes were calculated as percentage success.Effect sizes of trials using identical interventions were pooled using a random effects model.Results: 27 controlled trials were identified.Elimination of cows' milk protein was effective when substituted by hypoallergenic formula milks (effect size 0.22 (95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.34)).The effectiveness of substitution by soy formula milks was unclear when only trials of good methodological quality were considered.The benefit of eliminating cows' milk protein was not restricted to highly selected populations.Dicyclomine was effective (effect size 0.46 ( 0.33 to 0.60)), but serious side effects have been reported.The advice to reduce stimulation was beneficial (effect size 0.48 (0.23 to 0.74)), whereas the advice to increase carrying and holding seemed not to reduce crying.No benefit was shown for simethicone.Uncertainty remained about the effectiveness of low lactose formula milks.Conclusions: Infantile colic should preferably be treated by advising carers to reduce stimulation and with a one week trial of a hypoallergenic formula milk.
Calculating the workforce in general surgery
Authors: O. Jonasson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To provide a reasonable estimate of the patient care and resident physician workforce practicing general surgery in 1994. <h3>Design.</h3> —Data regarding general surgical residents and practicing general surgeons were obtained from four sources and compared with previously published numbers. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Information was derived from the American College of Surgeons'<i>Longitudinal Study of Surgical Residents: 1992-1993</i>; the American Medical Association's<i>Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the United States, 1994 Edition</i>; the American Board of Medical Specialties' database on general surgeons; and the American Board of Surgery recertification data from the files of diplomates since 1968. Each of these sources was analyzed separately to derive a count of graduates from general surgery residency programs and an estimate of fully trained general surgeons engaged in patient care activities. <h3>Results.</h3> —We found that approximately 600 graduates of general surgery residency programs enter the practice of general surgery each year, and we found a close correlation between maximum and minimum estimates of the number of fully trained general surgeons engaged in active patient care, certified general surgeons who are not retired, and currently certified general surgeons. This number (17289 to 23 502) is approximately half that commonly used in calculations of the general surgery workforce (38 239). The larger number includes surgeons with subspecialty training beyond general surgery, surgical residents, and surgeons not engaged in patient care. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Estimations of the workforce in general surgery and predictions of future needs for general surgeons must be derived from the appropriate number of general surgery residents and practicing general surgeons. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:731-734)
Pharmacoangiographic manipulation of renal collateral blood flow.
Authors: J JBookstein, J FWalter, J CStanley, W JFry
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Vasodilatory or vasoconstrictive renal pharmacoangiography was applied in investigating the significance of 50 renal artery stenoses. The technique involves comparison of selective magnification renal arteriograms before and after intra-arterial injection of epinephrine or acetylcholine, seeking changes in direction of flow in potential collateral routes. The drug injected depended upon the hemodynamic conditions during control arteriography. Final determination of significance depended on response to surgery in most patients, and renin levels in a few. Vasoconstrictive angiography was determinate in 18/26 (69%) of significant stenoses and correctly identified hemodynamic significance in each. Other angiographic signs of collateral circulation were present in seven of the other eight significant stenoses studied with the vasoconstrictive method. Vasodilatory pharmacoangiography was determinate in 20 arteries, and correctly evaluated each of nine significant and 11 insignificant lesions. Pharmacoangiograph...
Developmental changes in the beta-adrenergic modulation of calcium currents in rabbit ventricular cells.
Authors: TOsaka, R WJoyner
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

We studied the developmental changes in the beta-adrenergic modulation of L-type calcium current (ICa) in enzymatically isolated adult (AD) and newborn (NB, 1-4-day-old) rabbit ventricular cells using the whole-cell patch-clamp method. ICa was measured as the peak inward current at a test potential of +15 mV by applying a 180-450-msec pulse from a holding potential of -40 mV with Cs(+)-rich pipettes and a K(+)-free bath solution at room temperature. In control, ICa density (obtained by normalizing ICa to the cell capacitance) was significantly higher in AD cells (5.5 +/- 0.2 [mean +/- SEM] pA/pF, n = 65) than in NB cells (2.6 +/- 0.1 pA/pF, n = 60). Isoproterenol (ISO, 1 nM-30 microM) increased ICa in a dose-dependent manner for both groups. The maximal effect (Emax) of ISO, expressed as percent increase in ICa over control levels, and the concentration for one half of the maximal effect (EC50) were 203% and 51 nM, respectively, for AD cells and 111% and 81 nM, respectively, for NB cells. The effect of IS...
Initial contact and subsequent adhesion of human neutrophils or monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells releases an endothelial intracellular calcium store.
Authors: R CZiegelstein, SCorda, RPili, APassaniti, DLefer, J LZweier, AFraticelli, M CCapogrossi
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDIncreases in both leukocyte and endothelial cytosolic free [Ca2+] may be involved in intercellular adhesion by regulating the affinity of surface adhesion molecules or by facilitating transendothelial leukocyte migration. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of initial contact and subsequent adhesion of human neutrophils or monocytes on human aortic endothelial [Ca2+].METHODS AND RESULTSEndothelial monolayers were loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator indo 1 and exposed to isolated human peripheral blood neutrophils or to a cultured human monocyte cell line. A rapid, fourfold to fivefold increase in endothelial cytosolic [Ca2+] occurred within seconds of leukocyte contact. No increase in endothelial [Ca2+] occurred on contact of 18.25-microns inert microspheres, isolated red blood cells, or suspensions of cultured human aortic endothelial cells. In experiments performed on monolayers grown in 1-mm2 capillary flow tubes, the increase in endothelial cytosolic [Ca2+] on initial ...
Human C-reactive protein does not bind to fcγRIIa on phagocyti cells
Authors: Sullivan Gf, Yang J, Vassil A, Bash-Babula J, Hait Wn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Sullivan et al. reply — Our paper (1) demonstrated that the expression of MRP1 at the level of transcription, translation, and function was repressed by wild-type p53 in human prostate cancer, human melanoma, and human colon carcinoma cell lines. In these cell lines, we used either transfection of a human p53 temperature-sensitive mutant, or isogenic cell lines in which p53 was inactivated by either the E6 protein of human papilloma virus 16, or a dominant-negative p53 mutant. We demonstrated that shifting the control cells from 38°C to 32°C had no effect on MRP expression or function (Figures 5, 6, and 8). Previously, Wang and Beck reported the ability of wild-type p53 to repress MRP1 promoter activity (2). We did not investigate the expression of MDR1, since we had previously shown that P-glycoprotein was not expressed in over 90 human prostate cancer specimens obtained at the time of surgery (3).

The strength of our observations rests on the fact that a human in vitro model was constructed based on the study of human in vivo gene expression and it yielded similar alterations upon p53 mutation. In contrast, Bahr et al. transfected a murine gene into human cells. Whether murine genes have the same transcriptional effects on the human genome as human genes would require further elucidation. This may, in part, account for why the findings in the letter of Bahr and colleagues differ from those in our paper and from those reported in the literature. Additionally, it may be as the authors suggest that different genetic alterations exist in individual glioma cell lines; these too would require further elucidation.
Comparison of 99mTc-teboroxime with thallium for myocardial imaging in the presence of a coronary artery stenosis.
Authors: W AGray, HGewirtz
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDThis study tested the hypotheses in the setting of a coronary artery stenosis that 1) planar 99mTc-teboroxime myocardial scans are capable of providing a good estimate of relative coronary flow reserve, and 2) delayed washout of the tracer from the myocardium is a marker of reduced myocardial blood flow and, in certain cases, myocardial ischemia.METHODS AND RESULTSExperiments were conducted in eight closed-chest domestic swine prepared with an artificial stenosis that reduced diameter of the left anterior descending coronary artery by 80%. Measurements of hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow, oxygen, and lactate metabolism were made 1) at baseline, 2) after 5 minutes of intravenous infusion of adenosine and neosynephrine (stress), and 3) at recovery 2 hours after discontinuing the adenosine/neosynephrine infusion. Simultaneous intravenous injection of teboroxime (approximately 9 mCi) and thallium (approximately 3.5 mCi) was made at peak stress, and serial planar teboroxime imaging bega...
Antithrombogenic endothelial cell defense. Basal characteristics in cultured endothelial cells and modulation by short-term and long-term exposure to isosorbide nitrates.
Authors: F PBerenger, J PCano, P HRolland
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The antithrombogenic endothelial cell defense (ATECD) describes the properties that enable the endothelium to prevent circulating blood platelets from adhering to, or aggregating on, the vascular wall. ATECD was investigated in an experimental model in which bovine passage 0 cultured endothelial cells (EC) were incubated with aggregating platelets and autologous plasma in a computer-operated aggregometer-like device. A maximal platelet aggregation required 150 X 10(-6) M adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to be present in ECs. A 5-minute coincubation for ECs and platelets was found to be adequate in evaluating the maximal ATECD value. By increasing the EC number in the aggregation suspension, platelet aggregation was progressively inhibited through a sigmoid curve (50% inhibition of aggregation required 2 X 10(4) EC). Pharmacologic modulations of ATECD by isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) + 2-isosorbide mononitrate (2-ISMN) + 5-isosorbide mononitrate (5-ISMN) were investigated under experimental conditions reflecting ...
Differential baroreflex control of heart rate and vascular resistance in rabbits. Relative role of carotid, aortic, and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors.
Authors: G BGuo, M DThames, F MAbboud
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

We assessed the relative roles of aortic (ABR), carotid sinus (CBR), and vagal cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in the reflex control of heart rate and vascular resistance during changes in arterial blood pressure. Injections of phenylephrine (PE) and nitroglycerin (NG) were given intravenously to anesthetized rabbits (chloralose-urethane). Reflex, heart rate responses were impaired significantly by denervation (X) of either CBR or ABR. In contrast, reflex vascular responses in the hindlimb (perfused at constant blood flow) were preserved except for a slight impairment of reflex vasoconstriction after ABRX. Vagotomy with intact CBR and ABR impaired only the reflex bradycardia. After vagotomy, neither CBRX nor ABRX altered significantly the reflex heart rate or vascular responses except, again, for an impairment of reflex vasoconstriction after ABRX. Combined CBRX and ABRX eliminated all reflex responses except for a small bradycardia and a biphasic change in perfusion pressure (constrictor-dilator) during PE...
Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is attenuated in patients with heart failure.
Authors: S HKubo, T SRector, A JBank, R EWilliams, S MHeifetz
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDEndothelial cells produce a number of substances, collectively termed endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), that promote local relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Although studies have demonstrated defects in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in animal models of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure, there are only limited data from human subjects because of the difficulty in obtaining fresh vascular segments.METHODS AND RESULTSTo address the hypothesis that endothelium-dependent vasodilation is attenuated in patients with heart failure, we measured forearm blood flow responses to the intra-arterial administration of methacholine, a known stimulus of EDRF release through muscarinic receptors. In 14 normal subjects, a dosage range of methacholine increased forearm blood flow by 5.26 +/- 0.63, 10.50 +/- 0.63, and 13.22 +/- 0.86 ml/min/100 ml forearm volume (FAV); these responses were 1.98 +/- 0.46, 5.48 +/- 0.79, and 8.50 +/- 1.53 ml/min/100 ml FAV in 14 patients with heart fai...
Fine-tuning of mechanical properties in a Zn–Ag–Mg alloy via cold plastic deformation process and post-deformation annealing
Authors: Maria Wątroba, Wiktor Bednarczyk, Jakub Kawałko, Piotr Bała
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

In recent years, Zn-based materials have been extensively investigated as potential candidates for biodegradable implant applications. The introduction of alloying elements providing solid-solution strengthening and second phase strengthening seems crucial to provide a suitable platform for the thermo-mechanical strengthening of Zn alloys. In this study, a systematic investigation of the microstructure, crystallographic texture, phase composition, and mechanical properties of a Zn–3Ag-0.5Mg (wt%) alloy processed through combined hot extrusion (HE) and cold rolling (CR), followed by short-time heat treatment (CR + HT) at 200 °C was conducted. Besides, the influence of different annealing temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. An adequate combination of processing conditions during CR and HT successfully addressed brittleness obtained in the high-strength HE Zn–3Ag-0.5Mg alloy. By controlling the microstructure, the most promising results were obtained in the sample subjected to 50% CR reduction and 5-min annealing, which were: ultimate tensile strength of 432 MPa, yield strength of 385 MPa, total elongation to failure of 34%, and Vickers microhardness of 125 HV0.3. The obtained properties clearly exceed the mechanical benchmarks for biodegradable implant materials. Based on the conducted investigation, brittle multi-phase Zn alloys' mechanical performance can be substantially enhanced to provide sufficient plasticity by grain refinement through cold deformation process, followed by short-time annealing to restore proper strength.
30P Trends and variations in treatment of stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer from 2008–2018: A nationwide population-based study from the Netherlands
Authors: J. Evers, K. De Jaeger, L. Hendriks, M. Van der Sangen, C. Terhaard, S. Siesling, D. De Ruysscher, H. Struikmans, M.J. Aarts
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
81P Predictive molecular parameters of pneumonitis development in stage IIIa NSCLC patients treated with neo-adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy from NADIM clinical trial
Authors: B. Sierra-Rodero, Y. Garitaonaindia, M. Martinez-Cutillas, E. Nadal, A. Insa, M.R. Garcia Campelo, J. Casal Rubio, M. Domine Gomez, M. Majem Tarruella, D. Rodriguez Abreu, A. Martinez-Marti, J. De Castro Carpeno, E. del Barco, N. Viñolas, I.C. Barneto Aranda, B. Massuti Sureda, M. Casarrubios, R. Laza-Briviesca, A. Cruz-Bermudez, M. Provencio
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
62MO Comparison of lobectomy and sublobar resection for stage IA elderly NSCLC patients (≥70 years): A population-based propensity score matching study
Authors: B. Zhang, W.R. Liu, D. Ren, F.X. Li, Y.Y. Wang, D.H. Huo, S. Zhu, J. Chen, Q.Z. Song, S. Xu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Microscopic Colitis: Endoscopic Performance and Diagnostic Yield
Authors: M Linhares, D Ramos, F Pereira, I Pestana, J Pinto, A Caldeira, J Tristan, E Pereira, R Sousa, A Banhudo
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Colon biopsies for microscopic colitis (MC) are indicated for patients with chronic diarrhoea. However, there seems to be some discredit on its accomplishment. This can be justified by a subjective perception on a low frequency of MC diagnosed by random biopsies.
Pericardial prostaglandin biosynthesis prevents the increased incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation produced by efferent sympathetic stimulation in dogs.
Authors: TMiyazaki, D PZipes
Journal: Circulation (1990)

This study tested the hypothesis that sympathetic neural stimulation increases the prevalence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation and explored the mechanisms by which this occurs and how it may be prevented. In anesthetized, autonomically denervated dogs, we examined the effects of bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation (SS) and of induction of pericardial biosynthesis of prostaglandins, an intervention that reduces SS effects by acting at presynaptic sites. A 5-minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery distal to the first or second diagonal branch was performed during SS. Heart rate was maintained constant by atrial pacing. In the absence of SS, one of 23 dogs developed ventricular fibrillation during occlusion, and three of the remaining 22 dogs developed ventricular fibrillation upon reperfusion. SS did not increase the prevalence of occlusion-induced ventricular fibrillation (four of 23 dogs) but increased the prevalence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillatio...
Detection Of Celiac Disease Using A Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: MW Scheppach, D Rauber, R Mendel, C Palm, MF Byrne, H Messmann, A Ebigbo
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Celiac disease (CD) is a complex condition caused by an autoimmune reaction to ingested gluten. Due to its polymorphic manifestation and subtle endoscopic presentation, the diagnosis is difficult and thus the disorder is underreported. We aimed to use deep learning to identify celiac disease on endoscopic images of the small bowel.
Preventive interventions for individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis: An updated and extended meta-analysis
Authors: Cristina Mei, Mark van der Gaag, Barnaby Nelson, Filip Smit, Hok Pan Yuen, Maximus Berger, Marija Krcmar, Paul French, G. Paul Amminger, Andreas Bechdolf, Pim Cuijpers, Alison R. Yung, Patrick D. McGorry
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2021)
Bamboo Joint-Like Appearance In Stomach – an Endoscopic Finding Specific For Crohn’s Disease
Authors: K Graca-Pakulska, K Dąbkowski, I Zawada, A Deskur, E Urasińska, D Bielicki, T Starzyńska
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims An endoscopic sign of a bamboo joint-like appearance (BJA) of the gastric body and cardia was described and its possible association with Crohn’s disease (CD) was suggested. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and characteristic of upper gastrointestinal involvement in patients with CD, with special focus on the presence of BJA lesions.
Low high density lipoprotein level is associated with increased restenosis rate after coronary angioplasty.
Authors: P KShah, JAmin
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDTo determine the relation of post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restenosis to serum lipid fractions and to circulating levels of endogenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and its rapid inhibitor (PAI-1), 68 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent a successful PTCA were studied.METHODS AND RESULTSDuring a mean follow-up of 9 months (range, 7-11 months), 28 (41%) patients developed restenosis. A low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was independently and strongly related to both the risk of restenosis (p less than 0.001) and to the time of restenosis (p = 0.03). The mean HDL cholesterol level was 33 +/- 12 mg% in the restenosis group compared with 45 +/- 12 mg% in the nonrestenosis group (p less than 0.001). Restenosis developed in 22 of 34 (64%) patients with an HDL cholesterol less than or equal to 40 mg% compared with six of 34 (17%) patients with an HDL cholesterol greater than 40 mg% (p less than 0.002). The only other variable that was ...
Carotid sinus baroreceptor sensitivity in experimental heart failure.
Authors: WWang, J SChen, I HZucker
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Single-unit carotid sinus baroreceptor activity was recorded in normal and heart-failure (pacing-induced) dogs. The sensitivity of these units was compared between the two groups of dogs. After development of clinical heart failure, the animals were anesthetized, and the left carotid sinus was vascularly isolated and perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution. Single-unit baroreceptor discharge was recorded from the carotid sinus nerve in response to stepwise increases in carotid sinus pressure (CSP). In addition, the carotid sinus diameter was measured with sonomicrometer crystals. In this way, both CSP-discharge and CSP-diameter curves were constructed for both normal and heart-failure dogs. Analysis of these curves demonstrated that the heart-failure group exhibited a significant decrease in peak discharge (48.1 +/- 3.0 vs. 22.2 +/- 2.2 spikes/sec; p less than 0.001) and a significant elevation in threshold pressure compared with the normal animals (91.0 +/- 5.0 vs. 119.1 +/- 4.4 mm Hg; p less t...
Isovolumic loading prevents atrophy of the heterotopically transplanted rat heart.
Authors: IKlein, CHong, S SSchreiber
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Heterotopically (infrarenal) transplanted cardiac isografts are histologically normal, spontaneously beating, hemodynamically unloaded hearts that undergo rapid and predictable atrophy. To study the factors that regulate cardiac growth we examined the effect of left ventricular (LV) isovolumic balloon placement on the weight, in vitro protein synthesis rate, and LV RNA content of the transplanted heart. At day 0 the donor LV weight was 367 +/- 8 mg, which decreased to 226 +/- 14 mg (p less than 0.001) after transplantation. Isovolumic loading with a latex balloon (volume, 111 +/- 10 microliters) significantly increased the LV weight of the transplanted heart to 397 +/- 13 mg when compared with that of the unloaded heart 14 days after surgery and prevented the atrophy when compared with the LV weight at day 0. Sham-loaded transplants had LV weights of 256 +/- 17 mg, which did not differ from the LV weight of unloaded transplanted hearts. Protein synthesis rates (nmol lysine/LV/hr) and total LV RNA and LV 1...