tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dermatology
Authors: Jeffrey S. Dover
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Calcipotriene ointment, a synthetic structural analogue of 1,25-dihidroxycholecalciferol, has recently been approved for the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis by the Food and Drug Administration. Ten years ago, 1,25-dihidroxycholecalciferol was noted to inhibit the proliferation of psoriatic fibroblasts in culture.<sup>1</sup>This finding, along with the fact that a patient being treated with 1α-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>for osteoporosis noted marked improvement in her psoriasis, stimulated investigators to assess the effect of a variety of analogues of vitamin D on psoriasis. Calcipotriene (calcipotriol) is recognized with equal affinity by the 1,25-dihidroxycholecalciferol receptor but has 100 times less effect on calcium metabolism than does vitamin D.<sup>2</sup>The drug is believed to exert its therapeutic effect through inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation and increasing terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. Placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trials have demonstrated the effectiveness (80% of patients treated for 6 months demonstrate at least moderate improvement), rapid activity, and safety of
Efficacy and Safety of Sintilimab Plus Anlotinib for PD-L1–Positive Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Prospective Phase II Trial
Authors: Qin Xu, Junjie Wang, Yang Sun, Yibin Lin, Jing Liu, Yanhong Zhuo, Zhangzhou Huang, Songhua Huang, Ying Chen, Li Chen, Meifang Ke, Li Li, Zirong Li, Junping Pan, Yanwen Song, Rongqiang Liu, Chuanben Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

No combined immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy have been investigated in exclusively programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive advanced cervical cancer (CA). We investigated the efficacy and safety of sintilimab plus anlotinib as second-line or later therapy for PD-L1-positive recurrent or metastatic (R/M) CA.Patients with PD-L1-positive (Combined Positive Score ≥ 1) R/M CA who progressed after at least one prior systemic chemotherapeutic regimen or could not tolerate chemotherapy were eligible for the phase II trial. The patients received 200 mg sintilimab once on day 1 and 10 mg anlotinib once daily on days 1-14 every 3 weeks. The primary end point was investigator-confirmed objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1. Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and disease control rate. Biomarkers were explored.Forty-two patients were enrolled. The ORR was 54.8% (95% CI, 38.7 to 70.2). In 39 efficacy-evaluable patients, the ORR was 59.0% (95% CI, 42.1 to 74.4); the disease control rate was 94.9% (95% CI, 82.7 to 99.4). The median PFS was 9.4 months (95% CI, 8.0 to 14.6). The median overall survival was not reached. Furthermore, 85.8% of the patients experienced treatment-related adverse events. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were hypothyroidism (33.3%), elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels (21.4%), and hypertension (19.0%). Patients with altered PIK3CA, PI3K-AKT signaling, or KMT2D had a higher ORR, whereas those with altered STK11 and/or JAK2 had a significantly shorter PFS.Sintilimab plus anlotinib as second-line or later therapy is efficacious and safe for patients with advanced CA who have failed prior chemotherapy.
DASL-HiCaP: Darolutamide augments standard therapy for localized very high-risk cancer of the prostate (ANZUP1801). a randomized phase 3 double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adding darolutamide to androgen deprivation therapy and definitive or salvage radiation.
Authors: Sean Matthew McBride, Tamim Niazi, Scott Williams, Ian D. Davis, Martin R. Stockler, Andrew James Martin, Karen Bracken, Felicia T. Roncolato, Lisa Horvath, Shomik Sengupta, Jarad Martin, Tee Lim, Simon Hughes, Raymond S. McDermott, James W.F. Catto, Paul J. Kelly, Wendy R. Parulekar, Scott Carlyle Morgan, Ricardo A. Rendon, Christopher Sweeney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS284 Background: Radiation therapy (RT), plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRHA), is standard of care for men with very high-risk localized prostate cancer (PC), or with very high-risk features and persistent PSA after radical prostatectomy (RP). Despite this, incurable distant metastases develop within 5 years in 15% of men with very high-risk features. Darolutamide is a structurally distinct oral androgen receptor antagonist with low blood-brain-barrier penetration, a demonstrated favorable safety profile, and low potential for drug-drug interactions. Our aim is to determine the efficacy of adding darolutamide to ADT and RT in the setting of either primary definitive therapy, or salvage therapy for very high-risk PC. Methods: This study is a randomized (1:1), phase 3, placebo-controlled, double-blind international trial for men planned for RT who have very high-risk localized PC on conventional imaging; or very high-risk features with PSA persistence or rise within one year following RP. The trial is stratified by: RP; use of adjuvant docetaxel; pelvic nodal involvement. 1100 participants will be randomized to darolutamide 600 mg or placebo twice daily for 96 weeks in combination with SOC: LHRHA for 96 weeks, plus RT starting week 8-24 from randomization. Participants are allowed nonsteroidal antiandrogen in addition to LHRHA for up to 90 days prior to randomization. Early treatment with up to 6 cycles of docetaxel completed at least 4 weeks prior to RT is permitted. The primary endpoint is metastasis-free survival (ICECaP-validated), with secondary endpoints overall survival, PC-specific survival, PSA-progression free survival, time to subsequent hormonal therapy, time to castration-resistance, frequency and severity of adverse events, health related quality of life, fear of recurrence. Tertiary endpoints include incremental cost-effectiveness, and identification of prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers of treatment response, safety, and resistance to study treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT04136353.
Cigarette smoking and health. American Thoracic Society.
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Cigarette smoking remains the primary cause of preventable death and morbidity in the United States. Smoking causes lung cancer, COPD, and CHD and contributes significantly to mortality from other conditions such as stroke. Maternal smoking during pregnancy causes low birthweight and perinatal mortality, and it may have lasting impact on the child's physical and cognitive growth. Passive exposure to ETS causes lung cancer and poses particular danger to the respiratory health of young children. Smoking cessation strategies are important, but the should be supplemented by community and policy-level interventions. Workplace or community smoking bans, statewide taxes on tobacco, and antismoking media campaigns may be effective adjuncts to individual cessation strategies. These strategies may be an even more important disincentive to smoking initiation. The expanding horizon of health consequences of smoking and its costs to American society should again challenge public health agencies to develop and implement effective strategies to prevent smoking acquisition by young people. These health effects should also motivate health professionals in other countries where smoking prevalence is increasing, rather than decreasing, to initiate more effective efforts to reverse this trend and minimize the excess morbidity and death that accompany this dangerous habit.
ASSISTANTS IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Journal: BMJ (1924)

seems to deserve a trial.One difficulty in promoting a controlled community study is that croup is usually worse at night yet, as Doull states, 'it is essential that the child is reassessed two to four hours after treatment'.'This may not be so difficult for on-call cooperatives or deputizing services, but their doctors might be less reliable in the recruitment of patients.The GP on call for his own patients may be more motivated about the trial, but might choose to admit a child to hospital in order to protect his own sleep.
Cancer and COVID-19: On the Quest for Effective Vaccines
Authors: Marwan Kwok, Edward F. Fritsch, Catherine J. Wu
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2021)

Cancer vaccine development has been historically fraught with difficulty, but tremendous progress has been made over the past 5 years. In this In Focus article, we reflect on the progress and challenges with vaccine development for cancers in general and for hematologic malignancies in particular, and suggest how our cancer vaccine experience can offer insight into COVID-19 vaccination.
Comparison of glial fibrillary acidic protein and desmin staining in normal and CCl4-induced fibrotic rat livers
Authors: T Niki
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Fat-storing cells are the major producers of extracellular matrix in the liver. A good immunocytochemical marker is, however, still lacking for this cell type. Desmin, frequently used by most investigators, fails to stain many pericentral fat-storing cells in normal rat liver. The aim of the present study is to evaluate glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as an alternative marker of fat-storing cells. In normal rat liver, immunostaining of GFAP revealed numerous fat-storing cells with characteristic cytoplasmic extensions. Unlike desmin, which was preferentially expressed in periportal fat-storing cells, GFAP-positive fat-storing cells were distributed more evenly in the lobules. In a narrow periportal zone, however, GFAP-positive cells were occasionally absent. Dual GFAP/desmin staining revealed colocalization of these markers, but fat-storing cells positive only for GFAP or desmin were also present. Chronic carbon tetrachloride exposure induced a spatial change in the expression of GFAP and desmin. At 3 weeks, accumulation of GFAP/desmin double-positive cells was observed in developing fibrotic septa. At 8 weeks, the GFAP positivity in the septa persisted but became weak, while desmin expression became stronger. In contrast, the expression of GFAP within the lobule was gradually decreased as fibrosis progressed. We conclude that GFAP is expressed by a subpopulation of fat-storing cells, which differs partially from the population that expresses desmin. Because in normal rat liver desmin- negative fat-storing cells can be identified by GFAP staining and vice versa, dual GFAP/desmin staining allows more complete identification of fat-storing cells. In chronically injured liver, GFAP may not be as useful as in normal rat liver. The coexpression of GFAP/desmin in developing septa and the subsequent downregulation of GFAP in an advanced stage of fibrosis may reflect different stages of fat-storing cell activation. Further investigation is required to determine the functional significance of alteration of GFAP expression in fat-storing cells.
Dicoumarol
Authors: F. Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Sudden Death after Intravenous Injection of Mercurial Diuretic SIR,-A.G. Oettle's case of sudden death after intravenous "neptal " (Oct.4, p. 530) prompts me to a few remarks.Such disasters cannot always be avoided-e.g., if they happen after the first injection to a patient, where there is no reason to expect untoward reactions.Such cases, fortunately, are extremely rare.More often, faulty.choice of the case and an overdose are the cause of toxic reactions.The following rules should help to restrict fatal or toxic reactions.Mercury administration must never be given in excess of the excretory power of the kidneys.Low con- centrating power and poor response to a previous injection are warning signals.The minimal injection-free interval should be three days, except in acute emergencies.Digitalis, strophanthin, urea, and ammonium chloride help to make this possible.The
Incorrect Description in Patient Page
Authors: Siri Lillegraven, Nina Sundlisaeter, Espen Haavardsholm
Journal: JAMA (2021)

In ReplyIn response to our study on tapering of csDMARDs in patients with RA in remission, 1 Dr Baker and colleagues discuss the potential for successful tapering, and even drug-free remission, in RA.They highlight that our study results can be interpreted differently than the main conclusion of the article, which was also discussed in the Editorial by Curtis et al. 2 Although the ARCTIC REWIND trial showed an almost 4-fold increase in flare rate for patients randomized to halfdose csDMARDs compared with stable-dose csDMARDs, the results also showed that 75% of patients receiving half-dose csDMARDs did not experience a flare after 1 year.Additionally, most patients with flares regained remission after reinstating full-dose csDMARD treatment.However, studies indicate that even manageable flares and fluctuations in disease activity can affect the daily lives of patients, yielding reminders of the unpredictability of RA. 3,4 Baker and colleagues suggest that successful tapering can be possible within subgroups of patients, eg, based on serologic status or achievement of rigorous remission criteria such as the ACR/EULAR Boolean remission. 5,6 Analyses of the primary end point of the ARCTIC REWIND csDMARD study revealed no statistically significant difference in flare rate based on serologic status in patients receiving half-dose therapy: 24% (16/67) among seropositive patients vs 30% (3/10) among seronegative patients (P = .70).Additionally, 22% (11/50) of patients in remission, as defined by ACR/EULAR Boolean criteria, experienced a flare compared with 30% (8/27) of patients not fulfilling these criteria at baseline (P = .58).We also assessed baseline predictors for successful tapering in the 77 patients randomized to half-dose csDMARDs who were treated per protocol.During the 1-year follow-up, 25% (19 patients) experienced a flare.The final multivariate model shows anticitrullinated protein antibody level (range, 0-340 IU/mL; odds ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00-1.09]per 10 units; P = .03)and Disease Activity Score (odds ratio, 6.43 [95% CI, 1.07-38.84];P = .04)at time of tapering to be associated with a subsequent disease flare, although the cross-validated area under the curve for the model was low (0.55 [95% CI,).The results of subgroup analyses and predictor analyses indicate there still is an unmet need for risk stratification variables that can successfully guide personalized tapering of treatment in RA.The ARCTIC REWIND data can inform shared decisionmaking, which takes into account the consequences of a potential flare for an individual patient and the benefits of drug reduction.In a second phase of the current study, patients with RA who maintained remission for a year after tapering csDMARD to a half dose were randomized to either continued half-dose treatment or withdrawal of csDMARD.These data will add to the understanding of whether drugfree remission can be achievable for patients with RA.
Current Medical Literature.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PRAGUE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 23, 1 December 1993, Pages 1904–1905, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.23.1904 Published: 01 December 1993
Laparoscopic surgery.
Authors: E G Simons
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Exploratory laparoscopy was performed on 11 patients who had undergone laparotomy 7-10 days earlier for such conditions as ectopic pregnancy, pelvic sepsis, uteroplasty, or tuboplasty. Significant adhesions were found in each case. These were separated, though oozing persisted from the line of division in 3 patients. It was noted that this type of oozing did not occur when laparoscopy was performed at an earlier stage after the initial operation. A case is reviewed which illustrates the value of laparoscopy in alleviating postoperative complications of laparotomy.
Covid-19: Vaccine will be offered to 5-11 year olds throughout UK
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Vaccine will be offered to 5-11 year olds throughout UK Jacqui WiseEngland and Northern Ireland have followed Scotland and Wales in announcing that all children aged 5-11 years will be offered the covid-19 vaccine, in line with advice from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI). 1 England's health and social care secretary, Sajid Javid, said that the offer was "non-urgent" and would be made to all children in April.
Representation of Sexual and Gender Minority People in Patient Nondiscrimination Policies of Cancer Centers in the United States
Authors: Iman K. Berrahou, Ava Snow, Megan Swanson, Juno Obedin-Maliver
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022)

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are an underserved population who face high rates of discrimination in healthcare, including receipt of cancer treatment. Several national organizations have identified the importance of patient nondiscrimination policies that explicitly recognize SGM people in creating safe healthcare environments.We performed a web-based analysis of NCI-designated Cancer Centers to evaluate the landscape of patient nondiscrimination policies in major cancer centers with regard to representation of SGM people.We found that 82% of cancer centers had a patient nondiscrimination policy on their website. The most commonly mentioned SGM-related term was "sex" (n=48; 89%), followed by "sexual orientation" (n=37; 69%) and "gender identity" (n=36; 67%). None of the policies included "sex assigned at birth" or "LGBTQ/SGM identity." Of the policies reviewed, 65% included protections for both sexual orientation and gender identity. Cancer centers with academic affiliations were significantly more likely to have policies that included both of these protections compared with nonacademic institutions (100% vs 79%; P=.005).Our study shows that patient nondiscrimination policies across NCI-designated Cancer Centers are not always accessible to patients and their families online and do not consistently represent SGM people in their content. Because the SGM population is both at higher risk for cancer and for discrimination in the healthcare setting, it is crucial to create inclusive, safe, and equitable cancer care environments for this group. Administrators and clinicians should view the patient nondiscrimination policy as an opportunity to offer expansive protections to SGM people that extend beyond those offered in federal and state laws. Additionally, the patient nondiscrimination policy should be visible and accessible to patients seeking cancer care as a signal of safety and inclusion.
Drowning mortality in Los Angeles County
Authors: S. P. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> Drs Cooper and Griffith correctly point out that the drowning rates presented in our article were based on place of occurrence, not on place of residence. We do not believe, however, that this implies our rate calculations were "erroneous." The detailed information regarding drowning sites on which much of our analysis was based was available only from the coroner's records, which report all drownings that occur in Los Angeles County. Because there are no data regarding the number of individuals generally present in Los Angeles County at any given time, by necessity we used resident population data as the nearest approximation to the person-time at risk. This is a common, if not entirely satisfactory, practice when calculating rates by place of occurrence.<sup>1,2</sup> We agree with Drs Cooper and Griffith that caution should be used when comparing incidence-based and occurrence-based rates. Among Los Angeles County residents, for
Lettsomian Lectures on Midwifery and Diseases of Women
Authors: C. H. F. Routh
Journal: BMJ (1864)

TIrE TREATMAENT oF FIBRmous TumoIits.Secondly, we have to consider the cases of fibrous tumour of the uterus for which gastrotomy was performed; and the whole uterus, tumouLr, or part of either, were removed.(See Table Ill.)The cases to which I shall refer are thirty-three in niumber.Thle particulars of another, which I have heard of, I have not been able to obtain.These cases consist of four of Dr.