tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Individualizing Surveillance Mammography for Older Patients After Treatment for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Rachel A. Freedman, Christina A. Minami, Eric P. Winer, Monica Morrow, Alexander K. Smith, Louise C. Walter, Mina S. Sedrak, Haley Gagnon, Adriana Perilla-Glen, Hans Wildiers, Tanya M. Wildes, Stuart M. Lichtman, Kah Poh Loh, Etienne G. C. Brain, Pamela S. Ganschow, Kelly K. Hunt, Deborah K. Mayer, Kathryn J. Ruddy, Reshma Jagsi, Nancy U. Lin, Beverly Canin, Barbara K. LeStage, Anna C. Revette, Mara A. Schonberg, Nancy L. Keating
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> There is currently no guidance on how to approach surveillance mammography for older breast cancer survivors, particularly when life expectancy is limited. <h3>Objective</h3> To develop expert consensus guidelines that facilitate tailored decision-making for routine surveillance mammography for breast cancer survivors 75 years or older. <h3>Evidence</h3> After a literature review of the risk of ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancer events among breast cancer survivors and the harms and benefits associated with mammography, a multidisciplinary expert panel was convened to develop consensus guidelines on surveillance mammography for breast cancer survivors 75 years or older. Using an iterative consensus-based approach, input from clinician focus groups, and critical review by the International Society for Geriatric Oncology, the guidelines were refined and finalized. <h3>Findings</h3> The literature review established a low risk for ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancer events in most older breast cancer survivors and summarized the benefits and harms associated with mammography. Draft mammography guidelines were iteratively evaluated by the expert panel and clinician focus groups, emphasizing a patient's risk for in-breast cancer events, age, life expectancy, and personal preferences. The final consensus guidelines recommend discontinuation of routine mammography for all breast cancer survivors when life expectancy is less than 5 years, including those with a history of high-risk cancers; consideration to discontinue mammography when life expectancy is 5 to 10 years; and continuation of mammography when life expectancy is more than 10 years. Individualized, shared decision-making is encouraged to optimally tailor recommendations after weighing the benefits and harms associated with surveillance mammography and patient preferences. The panel also recommends ongoing clinical breast examinations and diagnostic mammography to evaluate clinical findings and symptoms, with reassurance for patients that these practices will continue. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> It is anticipated that these expert guidelines will enhance clinical practice by providing a framework for individualized discussions, facilitating shared decision-making regarding surveillance mammography for breast cancer survivors 75 years or older.
SAT0153 Vertebral deformities in rheumatoid arthritis: the oslo, truro, and amsterdam collaborative study
Authors: MC Lodder, G Haugeberg, WF Lems, RE Orstavik, BA Dijkmans, TK Kvien, AD Woolf
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the occurrence of vertebral deformities (VD) in a cross-sectional study of postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Secondly, associates for VD will be identified. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 150 female patients (50 per centre), aged between 50 and 70 years and a disease duration of 5 or more years, attending a general rheumatology clinic were consecutively included. Demographic and clinical data were collected according to a standardised procedure; bone fracture history, disease activity measures, hand X-rays (Larsen) and bone mineral density by means of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of hip and lumbar spine. Lateral X-rays of thoracal and lumbar spine were read by one observer. Assessment was done as proposed by Genant.<sup>1</sup>Associations between the presence of VD, and demographic, clinical and BMD variables were examined bivariately. The multivariate analysis was carried out using logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> Spine X-rays of 137 women were included in the analysis. Of these women 20 out of 137 (14.6%) had at least one VD grade one or higher; 18% in Oslo, 10% in Amsterdam, and 16% in Truro. The table shows results of the bivariate analysis. Ever use of corticosteroids was not associated with VD (p = 0.33). Previous non-vertebral fracture after age 25 (as recalled by the patient) was the independent associate for VD in a logistic regression model containing age, weight, total Larsen score, non-vertebral fracture after age 25 and either femoral neck or spine BMD. Femoral neck BMD was independent variable in a model with age, weight, total Larsen score and femoral neck BMD. Age was the only independent associate of VD if femoral neck BMD was replaced by spine BMD in the latter model. The inclusion of corticosteroid use in either one of the models did not change the results. <h3>Conclusion</h3> VD in a clinic population of RA patients was associated with either previous clinical fracture, femoral neck BMD or age as single independent variable dependent on the regression model applied. Studies on more patients allowing for larger regression models should further clarify the true associates of VD. <h3>Reference</h3> Genant HK, <i>et al</i>. J Bone Miner Res. 1993;9:1137–48
Anti-PD-1 antibody SHR-1210 combined with apatinib as adjuvant treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at high risk of recurrence after radical resection: Preliminary results from a multicenter, randomized, controlled phase II trial.
Authors: Hong Zhao, Jianjun Zhao, Li Jiang, Xinyu Bi, Honggang Qian, Shunda Du, Jianqiang Cai, Jianguo Zhou, Zhiyu Li, Dongbin Liu, Yubao Zhang, Ping Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

285 Background: There is no globally recognized standard adjuvant therapy for HCC after radical resection. Herein, we explored to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1 antibody SHR-1210 combined with apatinib as adjuvant treatment versus hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) in HCC patients with high risk of recurrence after radical resection. Methods: This was an ongoing multicencer, randomized, controlled phase 2 trial. All HCC patients were Child-Pugh Class A, and confirmed as high risk of recurrence such as portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) involved in second-order branch or above, microvascular invasion (MVI) and microsatellite leisions. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive SHR-1210 (200mg, q2w) and apatinib (250mg, q.d.) for 12 cycles, or two times of standard HAI treatments (epirubicin 80-100mg or epirubicin 50mg+oxaliplatin 50mg). The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS), and the secondary endpoints included safety and quality of life score (QoL). Results: From Jun 12, 2019 to Sep 15, 2020, 32 Chinese HCC patients (pts) (16pts in SHR-1210-apatinib group and HAI group, respectively) had been recruited. Full analysis (FAS) population contained 29 pts and intention to treat (ITT) population included 32 pts. The hadzard ratio for relapse or death with SHR-1210-apatinib as compared with HAI was 0.48 (95% CI 0.12-1.75; P = 0.2992) and 0.38 (95% CI 0.11-1.20; P = 0.0910) in FAS and ITT population, respectively, at date cutoff. Median RFS was not reached and 10.5 months in SHR-1210-apatinib group and HAI group, respectively. The average QoL score during treatment was 48.8 and 49.2 in SHR-1210-apatinib group and HAI group, respectively. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in SHR-1210-Apatinib were γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) increase (18.75%), leukopenia (12.50%), neutrophil count decrease, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase increase (12.50%), while in HAI group were lymphocyte count decrease (7.69%), hemoglobin increase (7.69%) and GGT increase (7.69%). Conclusions: In HCC patients with high risk of recurrence after radical resection, SHR-1210 combined with apatinib was tolerable, and might offer a new promising choice superior to HAI for adjuvant therapy in HCC, further study is needed to reach the pre-defined primary endpoint. Clinical trial information: NCT03839550.
Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: a 5-year national population-based cohort study
Authors: Helen R Murphy, Carla Howgate, Jackie O'Keefe, Jenny Myers, Margery Morgan, Matthew A Coleman, Matthew Jolly, Jonathan Valabhji, Eleanor M Scott, Peter Knighton, Bob Young, Nick Lewis-Barned, Emily Anglioni, Emma Barron, Ruth Bell, Alex Berry, Cher Cartright, Sophie Colling, Matt Curley, Anna Duggan, Liz Draper, Laura Fargher, Melissa Flanagan, Jane Hawdon, Richard Holt, Jenny Kurinczuk, Mike Maresh, Angela Pinnock, Lucy Shonegeval, Di Todd, Nicola Tomkins
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2021)
EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy as a gateway to intermittent access for biliary leak management
Authors: Michiel Bronswijk, Giuseppe Vanella, Baki Topal, Schalk Van der Merwe
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided hepaticogastrostomy (HPG) is still unfairly confined to palliation of advanced malignancies. However, this technique might be of significant help in benign indications, providing effective and safe long-term access to the biliary tree and facilitating the definitive treatment of biliary diseases [1] [2] [3] [4].
Phytochemistry and cardiovascular protective effects of Huang‐Qi (Astragali Radix)
Authors: Hui‐fei Su, Sharpkate Shaker, Yi Kuang, Meng Zhang, Min Ye, Xue Qiao
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2021)

Abstract Huang‐Qi (Astragali Radix) is an herbal tonic widely used in China and many other countries. It is derived from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and shows potent cardiovascular protective effects. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed 189 small molecules isolated from the two Astragalus species and discussed the interspecies chemical differences. Moreover, we summarized the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of Huang‐Qi and its major bioactive compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review covers 171 references published between February 1983 and March 2020.
SAT0173 Does osteoarthritis decrease the risk of osteoporosis ? a prospective clinical study
Authors: G Sunbuloglu, MI Arman, V Arikan, C Kacar, T Tuncer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Osteoporosis (OP) and Osteoarthritis (OA) are the most prevalent musculuskeletal diseases of the population. The inverse relationship between the OP and OA is being investigated in the last four decades. After the invention of the non-invasive techniques for the measurement of bone mineral density, this relationship was studied more detailed. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study was planned to investigate the relationship between OA and OP, to find out the OP rate in the subgroups of the OA and to help for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the OP. <h3>Methods</h3> Forty-six female patients, who had an OA diagnosis according to the ACR criteria were admitted to the study. Twelve of them had knee OA, 12 had lumbar OA, 12 had hand OA and 10 had both lumbar and knee OA. In the control group there were 26 healthy women in similar ages. Patients who had the diseases that cause to the secondary OP like RA, gout, DM, thyroid and parathyroid function disorders and who used the drugs that is known to effect the bone metabolism like corticosteroids, antiepileptics and thiazid diuretics, were excluded from the study. Bone mineral density measurement was made from L2-L4 vertebra and femur neck with DEXA anteroposterior projection. The DEXA results of the OA subgroups were compared with the healthy controls and the relationship between them was evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> Although bone mineral density scores of knee and lumbar OA group were both higher than control group, only lumbar vertebra group was statistically significant. There wasn't a significant difference between the hand and control group bone mineral density results. The results suggest that the lumbar and knee OA have a positive effect on the bone mineral density and the femur is effected less than the lumbar vertebra which is seemed to be the target area of this relationship. No correlation was found in the hand OA group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We think that the increased bone mineral density at the knee and lumbar OA group can be a negative indicator for the prevention and treatment of OP but in our opinion the hand osteoarthritis group is not a good negative indicator.
Risk of systemic infections requiring hospitalization in children with atopic dermatitis: a Danish retrospective nationwide cohort study*
Authors: C. Droitcourt, I. Vittrup, A. Dupuy, A. Egeberg, J.P. Thyssen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Infections can trigger worsening of atopic dermatitis (AD).To examine whether hospital-managed paediatric AD is associated with increased risk of extracutaneous infections requiring hospitalization in childhood.A nationwide-based cohort study using Danish registries was done. Children aged < 18 years with a hospital diagnosis of AD and children without a hospital diagnosis of AD were sex- and age-matched at date of AD diagnosis. Study outcomes were extracutaneous infections that led to hospitalization. AD severity was defined according to prescriptions for treatments.Of 19 415 children with AD [median follow-up 7·4 years; interquartile range (IQR) 3·3-13.3] and 194 150 without AD (median follow-up 7·7 years; IQR 3·6-13·5), 56% were boys and 50% were aged < 2 years. Children with AD had an increased rate of lower respiratory [LRTI; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1·79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·65-1·94)], upper respiratory (URTI; aHR 1·59, 95% CI 1·34-1·88), urinary tract (UTI; aHR 1·34, 95% CI 1·16-1·54), musculoskeletal (MSSI; aHR 1·33, 95% CI 1·06-1·66) and gastrointestinal infections (GITIs; aHR 1·24, 95% CI 1·14-1·35) vs. children without AD. Associations did not clearly vary with AD severity. Absolute risk difference per 10 000 person-years was 26·4 (95% CI 23·0-29·8) for LRTIs, 3·1 (95% CI 1·6-4·7) for URTIs, 3·6 (95% CI 1·8-5·4) for UTIs, 0·9 (95% CI 0·2-2·0) for MSSIs and 8·7 (95% CI 5·7-11·7) for GITIs.Children with hospital-managed AD have an increased risk of systemic infections that lead to hospitalization; absolute risk is generally low.
Concomitant MEK and Cyclin Gene Alterations: Implications for Response to Targeted Therapeutics
Authors: Shumei Kato, Jacob J. Adashek, Justin Shaya, Ryosuke Okamura, Rebecca E. Jimenez, Suzanna Lee, Jason K. Sicklick, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: Cyclin and MAPK/MEK-related gene alterations are implicated in cell-cycle progression and cancer growth. Yet, monotherapy to target the cyclin (CDK4/6) or the MEK pathway has often yielded disappointing results. Because coalterations in cyclin and MEK pathway genes frequently cooccur, we hypothesized that resistance to CDK4/6 or MEK inhibitor monotherapy might be mediated via activation of oncogenic codrivers, and that combination therapy might be useful. Experimental Design: Herein, we describe 9 patients with advanced malignancies harboring concomitant CDKN2A and/or CDKN2B alterations (upregulate CDK4/6) along with KRAS or BRAF alterations (activate the MEK pathway) who were treated with palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor) combination-based regimens. Results: Two patients (with pancreatic cancer) achieved a partial remission (PR) and, overall, 5 patients (56%) had clinical benefit (stable disease ≥ 6 months/PR) with progression-free survival of approximately 7, 9, 9, 11, and 17.5+ months. Interestingly, 1 of these patients whose cancer (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) had progressed on MEK targeting regimen, did well for about 1 year after palbociclib was added. Conclusions: These observations suggest that cotargeting cyclin and MEK signaling can be successful when tumors bear genomic coalterations that activate both of these pathways. Further prospective studies using this matching precision strategy to overcome resistance are warranted. See related commentary by Groisberg and Subbiah, p. 2672
Recalibrating the Use of Race in Medical Research
Authors: John P. A. Ioannidis, Neil R. Powe, Clyde Yancy
Journal: JAMA (2021)

James A. Diao, BS; Gloria J. Wu, BS; Herman A. Taylor, MD; John K. Tucker, MD; Neil R. Powe, MD, MPH, MBA; Isaac S. Kohane, MD, PhD; Arjun K. Manrai, PhD
Early outcomes of irreversible electroporation after stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPC): A matched pair analysis.
Authors: Emanuel Boyer, Russell Palm, Jessica M. Frakes, Sarah E. Hoffe, Mokenge Peter Malafa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

410 Background: Outcomes remain poor for those diagnosed with unresectable pancreatic cancer. SBRT and IRE have independently demonstrated high rates of local control and minimal toxicity for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Data is limited regarding safety and efficacy in the sequential use of both therapies. Materials and Methods: A single institution retrospective matched cohort analysis was performed for patients with non-metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with induction chemotherapy and SBRT followed by IRE, compared with patients of the same cohort who did not receive IRE. Patients were paired based on age, tumor stage, GTV D95, CA19-9 prior to SBRT, and chemotherapy type to mitigate selection bias in surgical candidates. Overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), freedom from local failure (FFLF) and freedom from distant failure (FFDF) were the primary outcomes compared via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank methods. Results: From July, 2014 to February, 2020 17 patients received SBRT followed by IRE. These patients were matched with 17 patients who received SBRT from January, 2012 to March, 2019. Most patients received neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX (82.4%) and were AJCC 8 stage III (79.4%). Median age of the overall cohort was 65.5 years and 50% were male. Median dose delivered to 95% of gross tumor volume was 32.61 Gy, and median pre SBRT CA19-9 value was 70.5 U/mL. There were no statistically significant differences in matched characteristics between the two cohorts. Among the SBRT+IRE, the median time between IRE and SBRT was 66 days (range:49-467 days). The median OS, PFS, FFLF, and FFDF for IRE+SBRT vs. SBRT alone from SBRT was 10.8 vs 15.1 months, 9.6 vs. 15.3 months, 15.7 vs. 15.3 months, 15.9 vs. 14.4 months respectively (all P &gt; .10). 11 patients in the entire cohort experienced toxicity as a result of their radiation therapy (35%), with one G3 GIB and one patient experiencing G3 abdominal pain. Among the 17 patients who underwent IRE, nine patients experienced toxicity (53%). Most of these events were G3, with two G4 intestinal bleeds. There was zero mortality in the 90 day period post operatively. Conclusions: In a retrospective cohort,non-selective delivery ofIRE afterSBRT demonstrated no oncological benefit for patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared to only SBRT. Compared to historical experiences of IRE alone, there was no increase in overall toxicity with the combination of SBRT and IRE. The optimal timing, sequencing, and indications for IRE and SBRT in LAPC remain unknown and are best assessed prospectively. [Table: see text]
Bridging Themes: Short Protein Segments Found in Different Architectures
Authors: Rachel Kolodny, Sergey Nepomnyachiy, Dan S Tawfik, Nir Ben-Tal
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Abstract The vast majority of theoretically possible polypeptide chains do not fold, let alone confer function. Hence, protein evolution from preexisting building blocks has clear potential advantages over ab initio emergence from random sequences. In support of this view, sequence similarities between different proteins is generally indicative of common ancestry, and we collectively refer to such homologous sequences as “themes.” At the domain level, sequence homology is routinely detected. However, short themes which are segments, or fragments of intact domains, are particularly interesting because they may provide hints about the emergence of domains, as opposed to divergence of preexisting domains, or their mixing-and-matching to form multi-domain proteins. Here we identified 525 representative short themes, comprising 20–80 residues that are unexpectedly shared between domains considered to have emerged independently. Among these “bridging themes” are ones shared between the most ancient domains, for example, Rossmann, P-loop NTPase, TIM-barrel, flavodoxin, and ferredoxin-like. We elaborate on several particularly interesting cases, where the bridging themes mediate ligand binding. Ligand binding may have contributed to the stability and the plasticity of these building blocks, and to their ability to invade preexisting domains or serve as starting points for completely new domains.
FRI0087 Anaemia in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: P Athanassiou, E Griva, I Kostoglou-Athanassiou, A Elezoglou, S Papazoglou, D Rontogianni, G Vezyroglou, T Kontomerkos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is accompanied by haematological abnormalities. A very common haematological abnormality observed in SLE is anaemia. It is well known that anaemia in SLE may have many causes, however no correlation has been performed between anaemia and the morphology of red blood cell precursors in the bone marrow in SLE. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim was to investigate the aetiology of anaemia in SLE by analysing blood, bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow biopsy findings. <h3>Methods</h3> SLE patients were included in the study, n = 17, aged 40.9 ± 3.6 (range 18–36) years. None of the patients were taking any disease modifying agents and 11 were newly diagnosed and had never taken any treatment for SLE, duration of disease of the remaining being 5.7 ± 3.6 (range 1–23) years. In all patients antinuclear antibodies, anti-DNA antibodies and serum rheumatoid factor were measured. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum iron-binding capacity, serum folate and vitamin B12 levels were also measured and indirect and direct Coombs' test was performed. In all patients a bone marrow aspirate was obtained and a bone marrow biopsy was performed. <h3>Results</h3> In 17 SLE patients haemoglobin levels were 11.4+0.4 g/dl (mean ± SEM), haematocrit 35.0 ± 1.3%, MCV 88.9 ± 1.2 fl, MCH 29.0 ± 0.4 pg, MCHC 32.7 ± 0.1%, serum iron levels 83.2 ± 7.2 ?g/dl, serum iron-binding capacity 359.0 ± 11.2 ?g/dl, ferritin levels 123.1 ± 65.3 ?g/dl, folate 6.4 ± 1.1 ng/ml and vitamin B12 levels 534.7 ± 79.4 pg/ml. In 10 of 17 patients with SLE haemoglobin levels were 12 g/dl, hyperplasia of red blood cell precursors was noted in all of them, megaloblastoid alterations in 3 and blasts of the red cell series in 2 patients. No correlation was observed between the presence or absence of anaemia and the dysplastic alterations in the red blood cell precursors in the bone marrow in the SLE patients studied. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The aetiology of anaemia in SLE patients seems to be multifactorial. Dysplastic alterations in red blood cell precursors was noted in all the groups of SLE patients, irrespective of the presence of anaemia, indicating either a primary defect of the stem cell in the bone marrow in SLE which is implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease or that inflammatory cytokines may affect the microenvironment of the bone marrow.
Pre-Clinical Activity of Allogeneic Anti-CD22 CAR-T Cells for the Treatment of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Julia Wells, Tianyu Cai, Cécile Schiffer-Manniou, Stéphanie Filipe, Agnès Gouble, Roman Galetto, Nitin Jain, Elias J. Jabbour, Julianne Smith, Marina Konopleva
Journal: Blood (2017)