tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The endoscopic ultrasound features of pancreatic fluid collections: appearances can be deceptive!
Authors: Sundeep Lakhtakia
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) evaluation of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) is vital for making therapeutic decisions. Imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transabdominal ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT) can also characterize PFCs; however, the presence of the important feature of a solid component or debris within a PFC (i. e. walled-off necrosis [WON]) is better assessed by MRI and ultrasound, than by CT scanning. EUS and MRI are comparable for evaluation of the morphological features of PFCs; the former also detects collaterals. MRI scores better in detecting even minimal debris and extensions well beyond the gastrointestinal tract [1]. Diagnostic EUS can alter the management of PFCs in one-third of patients, mostly because of changes in the diagnosis (type of PFC) or the identification of vascular and/or anatomic factors that could interfere with endoscopic drainage [2]. EUS therefore offers the dual advantage of a tool for detailed inspection of the pancreas and PFC, plus its drainage.
Role of Testicular Scintigraphy in the Assessment of Viability of Undescended Testis
Authors: Piyush Aggarwal, Anwin Joseph Kavanal, Srinivas Ananth Kumar, Kalpesh Parmar, Anish Bhattacharya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract Doppler ultrasonography and testicular scintigraphy are sensitive techniques to detect the adequacy of blood flow to testicular tissue. Because Doppler ultrasonography is an operator-dependent imaging modality, it can result in equivocal findings. Testicular scintigraphy proves to be more accurate in such cases, but it may be inconclusive on occasion. The authors report the case of a young man with a left undescended testis where testicular scintigraphy was inconclusive for viability and 18 F-FDG PET/CT provided important diagnostic information.
Genetic variation of six specific SNPs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Chinese population
Authors: J. Jing, D. Xu, Z. Li, J. Wang, J. Dai, F.S. Li
Journal: Pulmonology (2022)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic bronchitis (or) emphysema with a high disability and fatality rate. This study aimed to explore the correlation between the six selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of COPD in the Chinese population. The Agena MassARRAY platform was used to select six SNPs from 629 subjects for genotyping. The correlation between SNPs and COPD risk was evaluated using calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was performed to analyze the impact of SNP interactions on COPD risk. Multiple comparisons were performed using Bonferroni- correction. Our results indicated that rs4719841 and rs7934083 variants were associated with a reduced risk of COPD. The analysis results of age, gender and non-smokers showed that rs4719841 and rs7934083 were associated with reducing the risk of COPD. In addition, the results showed that the genetic models of rs4719841, rs7934083 and rs7780562 were related to the forced vital capacity, respiratory rate per second, and respiratory rate / forced vital capacity of COPD patients, respectively. The results of the MDR analysis showed that the three-locus model (rs4719841, rs7934083, and rs78750958) is the best for COPD risk assessment. This study shows that rs4719841 and rs7934083 are associated with the risk of COPD in the Chinese population, which provides some insights for early screening, prevention, and diagnosis of COPD in high-risk populations.
Open-porous magnesium-based scaffolds withstand in vitro corrosion under cyclic loading: A mechanistic study
Authors: Roxane Bonithon, Colin Lupton, Marta Roldo, Joseph Nicholas Dunlop, Gordon William Blunn, Frank Witte, Gianluca Tozzi
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

The successful application of magnesium (Mg) alloys as biodegradable bone substitutes for critical-sized defects may be comprised by their high degradation rate resulting in a loss of mechanical integrity. This study investigates the degradation pattern of an open-porous fluoride-coated Mg-based scaffold immersed in circulating Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) with and without in situ cyclic compression (30 N/1 Hz). The changes in morphological and mechanical properties have been studied by combining in situ high-resolution X-ray computed tomography mechanics and digital volume correlation. Although in situ cyclic compression induced acceleration of the corrosion rate, probably due to local disruption of the coating layer where fatigue microcracks were formed, no critical failures in the overall scaffold were observed, indicating that the mechanical integrity of the Mg scaffolds was preserved. Structural changes, due to the accumulation of corrosion debris between the scaffold fibres, resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the material volume fraction from 0.52 ± 0.07 to 0.47 ± 0.03 after 14 days of corrosion. However, despite an increase in fibre material loss, the accumulated corrosion products appear to have led to an increase in Young's modulus after 14 days as well as lower third principal strain (εp3) accumulation (-91000 ± 6361 με and -60093 ± 2414 με after 2 and 14 days, respectively). Therefore, this innovative Mg scaffold design and composition provide a bone replacement, capable of sustaining mechanical loads in situ during the postoperative phase allowing new bone formation to be initially supported as the scaffold resorbs.
Initial health assessments for newly arrived migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers
Authors: Felicity Knights, Shazia Munir, Haja Ahmed, Sally Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2022)

What you need to know• Consider screening for communicable diseases (including active and latent TB, hepatitis B/C, HIV, and parasitic infections) dependent on country of origin, and offer catch up vaccinations for all newly arrived children, adolescents, and adults to align with the host nation's schedule • Non-communicable diseases may be undiagnosed or poorly controlled; maintain and review medication supplies • Consider nutritional deficiency, oral health, pregnancy, contraception, mental health, and traumatic experiences • Show kindness and empathy during all encounters, as interaction with healthcare workers can markedly influence migrants' lives in new countries.Take a holistic, person-centred approach, and signpost patients to services, voluntary support, and translated health informationMigrant, refugee, and asylum seeker populations in Europe have increased in recent years, including in response to the current conflicts in Afghanistan, Syria, and-more recently-Ukraine. 1 -3 Countries neighbouring those in crises, and transit countries, are most affected, but so are many other host nations across the world. 1 -3 People fleeing conflict or humanitarian crisis, undocumented migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, and people who have been trafficked, may be more vulnerable than other migrants. 4 Health service delivery to these groups can be complex and has implications for health systems and front line clinicians tasked with meeting the needs of these diverse populations.This article outlines how primary care services and multidisciplinary teams can meet the initial healthcare needs of newly arrived migrants.We include some specific new guidance on health provision for newly displaced populations from Ukraine; however, the main focus is on refugees and asylum seekers from Afghanistan who have arrived in the UK in large numbers over the past year or so, and for whom UK GPs have requested specific guidance.That said, the advice presented is broadly applicable to all countries hosting migrant groups from any country.Evidence regarding best practice for migrants as a patient group is limited.This article draws primarily on the available specialist guidance and the authors' clinical and professional experience.
Magnetic Resonance Diagnostics of Complications of Kidney and Ureteral Injury in Different Periods of Traumatic Disease: a Clinical Case
Authors: Z. M. Magomedova, E. A. Egorova
Journal: Radiology - Practice (2022)

A clinical example is presented that demonstrates the capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of kidney damage and their complications at different periods of traumatic disease. An optimized MRI protocol has been demonstrated, which allows for timely diagnosis of kidney damage and determines the treatment regimen.
Null <i>IFNAR1</i> and <i>IFNAR2</i> alleles are surprisingly common in the Pacific and Arctic
Authors: Isabelle Meyts
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

In this issue of JEM, Bastard et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20220028) show that a loss-of-function IFNAR1 allele is common in western Polynesians, while Duncan et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20212427) report that a loss-of-function IFNAR2 allele is common in Inuits. Homozygotes lack type I IFN immunity but are selectively vulnerable to influenza, COVID-19 pneumonia, and complications of live-attenuated viral vaccines.
Real‐life evaluation of molecular multiplex IgE test methods in the diagnosis of pollen associated food allergy
Authors: Luisa Diem, Bellinda Neuherz, Johanna Rohrhofer, Larissa Koidl, Riccardo Asero, Knut Brockow, Araceli Diaz Perales, Margaretha Faber, Julia Gebhardt, María José Torres, Erika Jensen‐Jarolim, Sonja Zehetmayer, Eva Untersmayr
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Abstract Background Diagnosis of food allergies is challenging, as combining information from specific IgE (sIgE)‐sensitization pattern and skin prick tests (SPTs) with clinical history is necessary for a personalized management of allergic patients. The aim of this study was to compare two molecular tests, the ImmunoCAP ISAC (ISAC) and the Allergy Explorer, version 2 (ALEX 2 ) in the context of pollen food syndrome (PFS) diagnosis in a real‐life scenario, to assess the benefit of multiplex testing in PFS patients. Methods Diagnosis of food allergy was performed in 53 patients. Allergen‐sIgE concentrations were measured with ISAC and ALEX 2 . Results for sIgE were statistically compared with each other, with SPT results and with clinical presentation of the patients. Results Using ISAC as reference test for sIgE measurements, the average sensitivity of ALEX 2 for PR‐10 allergens was 83.2% and the average specificity 88.0%. If only low sIgE concentrations were included, the sensitivity was 60.8% and the specificity 91.1%. Apple and hazelnut sensitizations were confirmed in most patients by concordance of sIgE and SPT results. Significant correlations were shown between clinical symptoms and Mal d 1‐ and Gly m 4‐sIgE levels measured by both tests and for Cor a 1‐sIgE levels measured by ALEX 2 . In eight patients, profilin related symptoms were supported by Hev b 8‐sensitization. Conclusion Multiplex testing is beneficial to understand patient‐specific individual sensitization profiles and to providing personalized management recommendations. In the future, custom‐designed test kits might enable reducing costs of multiplex testing for specific patient groups without compromising the diagnostic value.
Melanin-Targeted PET Imaging With 18F-PFPN for Identifying Gastric Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Xiao Zhang, Mengting Li, Xiaoli Lan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 47-year-old man, who had a history of occipital skin dissection for melanoma, underwent 18 F-FDG and 18 F-PFPN (a specific tracer targeting melanin) PET due to increased stomach discomfort and melena. In 18 F-FDG and 18 F-PFPN images, strong uptakes were both found in the thickened gastric wall, which was suspected as metastatic melanoma to the stomach. This was further confirmed by pathological biopsy of gastric tissue. Our case illustrated that melanin-targeted PET imaging could provide an effective method for searching the metastases of melanoma.
Risk factors for chronic kidney disease after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Kentaro Umemura, Atsuyoshi Mita, Yasunari Ohno, Yuichi Masuda, Kazuki Yoshizawa, Koji Kubota, Tsuyoshi Notake, Kiyotaka Hosoda, Akira Shimizu, Yuji Soejima
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Cost-effectiveness and long-term outcomes of liver transplantation using anti-HBc-positive grafts with hepatitis B immunoglobulin prophylaxis in Korea
Authors: Kyeong Deok Kim, Jong Man Kim, Jaehun Yang, Ji Eun Kwon, Eun Sung Jeong, Manuel Lim, Young Ju Oh, Jinsoo Rhu, Gyu-Seong Choi, Jae-Won Joh
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Simultaneous ipsilateral dual (DSM-TACE and portal vein (PVE)) liver embolization (“SIDE” Technique) as a new method of preoperative augmentation of future liver remnant (FLR) in patients with solid liver malignancies
Authors: Oleksandr Korshak, Olena Pidoprygora, Andriy Zylenko, Maria Stassiuk, Nataliya Kostyleva, Vlad Kropelnytsckyi, Andriy Gusev, Oleksandr Ostapyshen, Denys Fedorov, Oleksandr Hrinenko
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Novel method obtained with multi-phase contrast enhanced CT in the assessment longitudinal extension of distal cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Atsushi Kamachi, Akira Shimizu, Koji Kubota, Tsuyoshi Notake, Kentaro Umemura, Takamune Goto, Hidenori Tomida, Shiori Yamazaki, Akira Yamada, Yuji Soejima
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance Evolution by Growth Measurement of All Proximal Mutants of Beta-Lactamase
Authors: Siyuan Feng, Zhuoxing Wu, Wanfei Liang, Xin Zhang, Xiujuan Cai, Jiachen Li, Lujie Liang, Daixi Lin, Nicole Stoesser, Yohei Doi, Lan-lan Zhong, Yan Liu, Yong Xia, Min Dai, Liyan Zhang, Xiaoshu Chen, Jian-Rong Yang, Guo-bao Tian
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2022)

The antibiotic resistance crisis continues to threaten human health. Better predictions of the evolution of antibiotic resistance genes could contribute to the design of more sustainable treatment strategies. However, comprehensive prediction of antibiotic resistance gene evolution via laboratory approaches remains challenging. By combining site-specific integration and high-throughput sequencing, we quantified relative growth under the respective selection of cefotaxime or ceftazidime selection in ∼23,000 Escherichia coli MG1655 strains that each carried a unique, single-copy variant of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-14 at the chromosomal att HK022 site. Significant synergistic pleiotropy was observed within four subgenic regions, suggesting key regions for the evolution of resistance to both antibiotics. Moreover, we propose PEARP and PEARR, two deep-learning models with strong clinical correlations, for the prospective and retrospective prediction of blaCTX-M-14 evolution, respectively. Single to quintuple mutations of blaCTX-M-14 predicted to confer resistance by PEARP were significantly enriched among the clinical isolates harboring blaCTX-M-14 variants, and the PEARR scores matched the minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained for the 31 intermediates in all hypothetical trajectories. Altogether, we conclude that the measurement of local fitness landscape enables prediction of the evolutionary trajectories of antibiotic resistance genes, which could be useful for a broad range of clinical applications, from resistance prediction to designing novel treatment strategies.
CD66b−CD64dimCD115− cells in the human bone marrow represent neutrophil-committed progenitors
Authors: Federica Calzetti, Giulia Finotti, Nicola Tamassia, Francisco Bianchetto-Aguilera, Monica Castellucci, Stefania Canè, Silvia Lonardi, Chiara Cavallini, Alessandro Matte, Sara Gasperini, Ilaria Signoretto, Fabio Benedetti, Massimiliano Bonifacio, William Vermi, Stefano Ugel, Vincenzo Bronte, Cristina Tecchio, Patrizia Scapini, Marco A. Cassatella
Journal: Nature Immunology (2022)
MYCN mediates cysteine addiction and sensitizes neuroblastoma to ferroptosis
Authors: Hamed Alborzinia, Andrés F. Flórez, Sina Kreth, Lena M. Brückner, Umut Yildiz, Moritz Gartlgruber, Dorett I. Odoni, Gernot Poschet, Karolina Garbowicz, Chunxuan Shao, Corinna Klein, Jasmin Meier, Petra Zeisberger, Michal Nadler-Holly, Matthias Ziehm, Franziska Paul, Jürgen Burhenne, Emma Bell, Marjan Shaikhkarami, Roberto Würth, Sabine A. Stainczyk, Elisa M. Wecht, Jochen Kreth, Michael Büttner, Naveed Ishaque, Matthias Schlesner, Barbara Nicke, Carlo Stresemann, María Llamazares-Prada, Jan H. Reiling, Matthias Fischer, Ido Amit, Matthias Selbach, Carl Herrmann, Stefan Wölfl, Kai-Oliver Henrich, Thomas Höfer, Andreas Trumpp, Frank Westermann
Journal: Nature Cancer (2022)

Abstract Aberrant expression of MYC transcription factor family members predicts poor clinical outcome in many human cancers. Oncogenic MYC profoundly alters metabolism and mediates an antioxidant response to maintain redox balance. Here we show that MYCN induces massive lipid peroxidation on depletion of cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, and sensitizes cells to ferroptosis, an oxidative, non-apoptotic and iron-dependent type of cell death. The high cysteine demand of MYCN -amplified childhood neuroblastoma is met by uptake and transsulfuration. When uptake is limited, cysteine usage for protein synthesis is maintained at the expense of GSH triggering ferroptosis and potentially contributing to spontaneous tumor regression in low-risk neuroblastomas. Pharmacological inhibition of both cystine uptake and transsulfuration combined with GPX4 inactivation resulted in tumor remission in an orthotopic MYCN -amplified neuroblastoma model. These findings provide a proof of concept of combining multiple ferroptosis targets as a promising therapeutic strategy for aggressive MYCN -amplified tumors.
Dupilumab efficacy and safety in patients with asthma and blood eosinophils ≥500 cells·µL<sup>−1</sup>
Authors: Klaus F. Rabe, Ian D. Pavord, Mario Castro, Michael E. Wechsler, Nadia Daizadeh, Upender Kapoor, Benjamin Ortiz, Amr Radwan, Robert R. Johnson, Paul J. Rowe, Yamo Deniz, Juby A. Jacob-Nara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>Dupilumab is well tolerated and improves clinical outcomes in patients with asthma and high eosinophils (≥500 cells·µL<sup>−1</sup>). Improvements in clinical outcomes correlate with eosinophil counts, demonstrating dupilumab efficacy in those with high eosinophils.</b>https://bit.ly/3Jxvicb
Liver transplant for secondary biliary cirrhosis due to iatrogenic bile duct injury in Mexico, case report and literature review
Authors: Josue Olivares-del-Moral, Carlos Florez-Zorrilla, Miguel Charco-Cruz, Alejandra Nunez-Venzor, Lorena Lina-Lopez, Noel Marquez-Jurado, Pablo Magaña-Mainero
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Potent TRIM21 and complement-dependent intracellular antiviral immunity requires the IgG3 hinge
Authors: Stian Foss, Alexandra Jonsson, Maria Bottermann, Ruth Watkinson, Heidrun E. Lode, Martin B. McAdam, Terje E. Michaelsen, Inger Sandlie, Leo C. James, Jan Terje Andersen
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

Humans have four IgG antibody subclasses that selectively or differentially engage immune effector molecules to protect against infections. Although IgG1 has been studied in detail and is the subclass of most approved antibody therapeutics, increasing evidence indicates that IgG3 is associated with enhanced protection against pathogens. Here, we report that IgG3 has superior capacity to mediate intracellular antiviral immunity compared with the other subclasses due to its uniquely extended and flexible hinge region, which facilitates improved recruitment of the cytosolic Fc receptor TRIM21, independently of Fc binding affinity. TRIM21 may also synergize with complement C1/C4-mediated lysosomal degradation via capsid inactivation. We demonstrate that this process is potentiated by IgG3 in a hinge-dependent manner. Our findings reveal differences in how the four IgG subclasses mediate intracellular immunity, knowledge that may guide IgG subclass selection and engineering of antiviral antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy.
Relationship of Dapagliflozin With Serum Sodium
Authors: Su Ern Yeoh, Kieran F. Docherty, Pardeep S. Jhund, Mark C. Petrie, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Lars Køber, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Felipe A. Martinez, Piotr Ponikowski, Marc S. Sabatine, Olof Bengtsson, David W. Boulton, Peter J. Greasley, Anna Maria Langkilde, Mikaela Sjöstrand, Scott D. Solomon, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2022)

This study aimed to assess the prognostic importance of hyponatremia and the effects of dapagliflozin on serum sodium in the DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Heart Failure) trial.Hyponatremia is common and prognostically important in hospitalized patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but its prevalence and importance in ambulatory patients are uncertain.We calculated the incidence of the primary outcome (cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure) and secondary outcomes according to sodium category (≤135 and >135 mmol/L). Additionally, we assessed: 1) whether baseline serum sodium modified the treatment effect of dapagliflozin; and 2) the effect of dapagliflozin on serum sodium.Of 4,740 participants with a baseline measurement, 398 (8.4%) had sodium ≤135 mmol/L. Participants with hyponatremia were more likely to have diabetes, be treated with diuretics, and have lower systolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Hyponatremia was associated with worse outcomes even after adjustment for predictive variables (adjusted HRs for the primary outcome 1.50 [95% CI: 1.23-1.84] and all-cause death 1.59 [95% CI: 1.26-2.01]). The benefits of dapagliflozin were similar in patients with and without hyponatremia (HR for primary endpoint: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.57-1.19] and 0.73 [95% CI: 0.63-0.84], respectively, P for interaction = 0.54; HR for all-cause death: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.56-1.29] and 0.83 [95% CI: 0.70-0.98], respectively, P for interaction = 0.96). Between baseline and day 14, more patients on dapagliflozin developed hyponatremia (11.3% vs 9.4%; P = 0.04); thereafter, this pattern reversed and at 12 months fewer patients on dapagliflozin had hyponatremia (4.6% vs 6.7%; P = 0.003).Baseline serum sodium concentration was prognostically important, but did not modify the benefits of dapagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. (Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Worsening Heart Failure or Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure [DAPA-HF]: NCT03036124).
Tissue remodeling by an opportunistic pathogen triggers allergic inflammation
Authors: Karen Agaronyan, Lokesh Sharma, Bharat Vaidyanathan, Keith Glenn, Shuang Yu, Charles Annicelli, Talia D. Wiggen, Mitchell R. Penningroth, Ryan C. Hunter, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Ruslan Medzhitov
Journal: Immunity (2022)
Liquid biopsy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Preliminary results on the association between postoperative early recurrence and the expression pattern of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Cristina Ciulli, Simone Famularo, Matteo Nazzareno Barbaglia, Livia Salmi, Francesca Carissimi, Luciano De Carlis, Rosalba Minisini, Fabrizio Romano, Mario Pirisi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)