tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Myocarditis With BNT162b2 Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccine in a Case Series of Children
Authors: Audrey Dionne, Francesca Sperotto, Stephanie Chamberlain, Annette L. Baker, Andrew J. Powell, Ashwin Prakash, Daniel A. Castellanos, Susan F. Saleeb, Sarah D. de Ferranti, Jane W. Newburger, Kevin G. Friedman
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

The BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine was authorized on May 10, 2021, for emergency use in children aged 12 years and older. Initial reports showed that the vaccine was well tolerated without serious adverse events; however, cases of myocarditis have been reported since approval.To review results of comprehensive cardiac imaging in children with myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccine.This study was a case series of children younger than 19 years hospitalized with myocarditis within 30 days of BNT162b2 messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine. The setting was a single-center pediatric referral facility, and admissions occurred between May 1 and July 15, 2021.All patients underwent cardiac evaluation including an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.Fifteen patients (14 male patients [93%]; median age, 15 years [range, 12-18 years]) were hospitalized for management of myocarditis after receiving the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) vaccine. Symptoms started 1 to 6 days after receipt of the vaccine and included chest pain in 15 patients (100%), fever in 10 patients (67%), myalgia in 8 patients (53%), and headache in 6 patients (40%). Troponin levels were elevated in all patients at admission (median, 0.25 ng/mL [range, 0.08-3.15 ng/mL]) and peaked 0.1 to 2.3 days after admission. By echocardiographic examination, decreased left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was present in 3 patients (20%), and abnormal global longitudinal or circumferential strain was present in 5 patients (33%). No patient had a pericardial effusion. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with myocarditis in 13 patients (87%) including late gadolinium enhancement in 12 patients (80%), regional hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging in 2 patients (13%), elevated extracellular volume fraction in 3 patients (20%), and elevated LV global native T1 in 2 patients (20%). No patient required intensive care unit admission, and median hospital length of stay was 2 days (range 1-5). At follow-up 1 to 13 days after hospital discharge, 11 patients (73%) had resolution of symptoms. One patient (7%) had persistent borderline low LV systolic function on echocardiogram (EF 54%). Troponin levels remained mildly elevated in 3 patients (20%). One patient (7%) had nonsustained ventricular tachycardia on ambulatory monitor.In this small case series study, myocarditis was diagnosed in children after COVID-19 vaccination, most commonly in boys after the second dose. In this case series, in short-term follow-up, patients were mildly affected. The long-term risks associated with postvaccination myocarditis remain unknown. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to inform recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in this population.
PRP use in sport and exercise medicine: be wary of science becoming the sham
Authors: Jon Patricios, Kimberly G Harmon, Jonathan Drezner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

Sport and exercise medicine (SEM) is a fast-evolving discipline that relies on good science to guide best practice. An area that has garnered great interest among SEM clinicians and patients is the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a clinical intervention. PRP is increasingly used in a range of musculoskeletal conditions and injuries that are often unresponsive to standard therapies. PRP’s biological profile and accompanying minimal side effects make it an especially appealing modality. In several countries, it is also easily accessible for both doctor and patient and relatively affordable. However, as is often the case in medicine, and for a combination of these reasons, the use of PRP in many clinical scenarios has outstripped the science supporting its efficacy.

One such condition is chronic Achilles tendinopathy, where studies investigating the use of PRP have resulted in conflicting results with insufficient definitive guidance.1–3 To allow us to understand the efficacy of PRP in Achilles tendinopathy we require high-quality, well-controlled interventional studies peer reviewed by expert, experienced clinician–scientists and published in reputable journals. The recent study by Kearney et al , ‘Effect of …
Determinants and Outcomes of Asymptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis
Authors: Jose Gutierrez, Farid Khasiyev, Minghua Liu, Janet T. DeRosa, Sarah E. Tom, Tatjana Rundek, Ken Cheung, Clinton B. Wright, Ralph L. Sacco, Mitchell S.V. Elkind
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Real-world evaluation of COVID-19 lateral flow device (LFD) mass-testing in healthcare workers at a London hospital; a prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Georgia Lamb, Joseph Heskin, Paul Randell, Nabeela Mughal, Luke SP Moore, Rachael Jones, Gary W Davies, Michael Rayment
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)

Real-world evaluation of the performance of the Innova lateral flow immunoassay antigen device (LFD) for regular COVID-19 testing of hospital workers.This prospective cohort analysis took place at a London NHS Trust. 5076 secondary care healthcare staff participated in LFD testing from 18 November 2020 to21 January 2021. Staff members submitted results and symptoms via an online portal twice weekly. Individuals with positive LFD results were invited for confirmatory SARS CoV-2 PCR testing. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the LFD was measured. Secondary outcome measures included time from LFD result to PCR test and staff symptom profiles.284/5076 individuals reported a valid positive LFD result, and a paired PCR result was obtained in 259/284 (91.2%). 244 were PCR positive yielding a PPV of 94.21% (244/259, 95% CI 90.73% to 96.43%). 204/259 (78.8%) staff members had the PCR within 36 hours of the LFD test. Symptom profiles were confirmed for 132/244 staff members (54.1%) with positive PCR results (true positives) and 13/15 (86.6%) with negative PCR results (false positives). 91/132 true positives (68.9%) were symptomatic at the time of LFD testing: 65/91 (71.4%) had symptoms meeting the PHE case definition of COVID-19, whilst 26/91 (28.6%) had atypical symptoms. 18/41 (43.9%) staff members who were asymptomatic at the time of positive LFD developed symptoms in the subsequent four days. 9/13 (76.9%) false positives were asymptomatic, 1/13 (7.7%) had atypical symptoms and 3/13 (23.1%) had symptoms matching the PHE case definition.The PPV of the Innova LFD is high when used amongst hospital staff during periods of high prevalence of COVID-19, yet we find frequent use by symptomatic staff rather than as a purely asymptomatic screening tool. LFD testing does allow earlier isolation of infected workers and facilitates detection of individuals whose symptoms do not qualify for PCR testing.
ELTD1 deletion reduces vascular abnormality and improves T-cell recruitment after PD-1 blockade in glioma
Authors: Hua Huang, Maria Georganaki, Lei Liu Conze, Bàrbara Laviña, Luuk van Hooren, Kalyani Vemuri, Tiarne van de Walle, Mohanraj Ramachandran, Lei Zhang, Fredrik Pontén, Michael Bergqvist, Anja Smits, Christer Betsholtz, Elisabetta Dejana, Peetra U Magnusson, Liqun He, Roberta Lugano, Anna Dimberg
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract Background Tumor vessels in glioma are molecularly and functionally abnormal, contributing to treatment resistance. Proteins differentially expressed in glioma vessels can change vessel phenotype and be targeted for therapy. ELTD1 (Adgrl4) is an orphan member of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor family upregulated in glioma vessels and has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target. However, the role of ELTD1 in regulating vessel function in glioblastoma is poorly understood. Methods ELTD1 expression in human gliomas and its association with patient survival was determined using tissue microarrays and public databases. The role of ELTD1 in regulating tumor vessel phenotype was analyzed using orthotopic glioma models and ELTD1−/− mice. Endothelial cells isolated from murine gliomas were transcriptionally profiled to determine differentially expressed genes and pathways. The consequence of ELTD1 deletion on glioma immunity was determined by treating tumor-bearing mice with PD-1-blocking antibodies. Results ELTD1 levels were upregulated in human glioma vessels, increased with tumor malignancy, and were associated with poor patient survival. Progression of orthotopic gliomas was not affected by ELTD1 deletion, however, tumor vascular function was improved in ELTD1−/− mice. Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated increased inflammatory response and decreased proliferation in tumor endothelium in ELTD1−/− mice. Consistent with an enhanced inflammatory response, ELTD1 deletion improved T-cell infiltration in GL261-bearing mice after PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that ELTD1 participates in inducing vascular dysfunction in glioma, and suggest that targeting of ELTD1 may normalize the vessels and improve the response to immunotherapy.
Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Adults With Hematologic Malignant Disease
Authors: Thomas A. Ollila, Shaolei Lu, Rebecca Masel, Adam Zayac, Kimberly Paiva, Ralph D. Rogers, Adam J. Olszewski
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

This retrospective case series study examines immune response of adults with hematologic malignant disease who were vaccinated with 1 of 3 FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccines between February and April of 2021.
Pertussis Vaccination—A Critical Priority for Us All
Authors: Henry Bernstein, Veronica Valentine McNally
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Infants are most susceptible to severe pertussis disease; complications include encephalopathy, pneumonia, seizures, hospitalization, and death.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 307 deaths from pertussis between 2000 and 2017.Children younger than 2 months accounted for 84% of those deaths.In 2018, pertussis incidence per 100 000 was 72.3 in infants younger than 6 months and 32.7 in infants aged 6 to 12 months, compared with 1.4 in persons aged 20 years or older. 1
Chronotype and self-reported sleep, alertness, and mental health in U.S. sailors
Authors: Elizabeth M. Harrison, Alexandra P. Easterling, Emily A. Schmied, Suzanne L. Hurtado, Gena L. Glickman
Journal: Military Medical Research (2021)

Abstract Service members are at risk for sleep and psychological conditions affecting their readiness. Chronotype (“morningness” or “eveningness”) is strongly associated with sleep, health and performance. The objective of this study was to examine associations between validated measures of chronotype and sleep quality, daytime functioning, alertness, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in US service members ( n = 298). Although predominantly young males (who skew toward eveningness in civilian populations), these Sailors skewed toward morningness (35.6% morning, 51.3% intermediate). Eveningness was associated with symptoms of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ( P &lt; 0.01), less time in bed ( P &lt; 0.05), more sleep disruption ( P &lt; 0.01), and poorer daytime functioning and alertness ( P &lt; 0.05). Evening types were less likely to consider sleep important for performance ( P &lt; 0.05). To maximize service member readiness, schedules should be aligned with endogenous rhythms, whenever possible, and evening chronotypes may benefit from targeted interventions. Chronotype should be examined alongside health and readiness in service members.
Dementia risk in professional footballers is linked to player position and career length, study finds
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The risk of neurodegenerative disease in former professional footballers varies by the position they play in and the length of their career—but not by which decade they played in—a landmark study has reported.1

The latest findings from the Field (“Football’s influence on lifelong health and dementia risk”) study show further major insights into the link between football and risk of dementia. Led by researchers at the University of Glasgow, the study previously found in 2019 that mortality from neurodegenerative disease was more than threefold higher than expected in former professional footballers.

In the latest phase of their work the researchers used data from the health records of around 7676 Scottish former professional footballers and 23 028 matched controls from the general population to look at whether the risk of neurodegenerative disease varied …
High-quality genome assembly and resequencing of modern cotton cultivars provide resources for crop improvement
Authors: Zhiying Ma, Yan Zhang, Liqiang Wu, Guiyin Zhang, Zhengwen Sun, Zhikun Li, Yafei Jiang, Huifeng Ke, Bin Chen, Zhengwen Liu, Qishen Gu, Zhicheng Wang, Guoning Wang, Jun Yang, Jinhua Wu, Yuanyuan Yan, Chengsheng Meng, Lihua Li, Xiuxin Li, Shaojing Mo, Nan Wu, Limei Ma, Liting Chen, Man Zhang, Aijun Si, Zhanwu Yang, Nan Wang, Lizhu Wu, Dongmei Zhang, Yanru Cui, Jing Cui, Xing Lv, Yang Li, Rongkang Shi, Yihong Duan, Shilin Tian, Xingfen Wang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2021)

Abstract Cotton produces natural fiber for the textile industry. The genetic effects of genomic structural variations underlying agronomic traits remain unclear. Here, we generate two high-quality genomes of Gossypium hirsutum cv. NDM8 and Gossypium barbadense acc. Pima90, and identify large-scale structural variations in the two species and 1,081 G . hirsutum accessions. The density of structural variations is higher in the D-subgenome than in the A-subgenome, indicating that the D-subgenome undergoes stronger selection during species formation and variety development. Many structural variations in genes and/or regulatory regions potentially influencing agronomic traits were discovered. Of 446 significantly associated structural variations, those for fiber quality and Verticillium wilt resistance are located mainly in the D-subgenome and those for yield mainly in the A-subgenome. Our research provides insight into the role of structural variations in genotype-to-phenotype relationships and their potential utility in crop improvement.
Rates of Severe Bleeding Are Low in Patients with MDS and Severe Thrombocytopenia and May be Mitigated By Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Abi Vijenthira, Devyani Premkumar, Richard A. Wells, Jeannie Callum, Yulia Lin, Lisa Chodirker, Martha Lenis, Alexandre Mamedov, Rena Buckstein
Journal: Blood (2017)
CAFs shape myeloid‐derived suppressor cells to promote stemness of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through 5‐lipoxygenase
Authors: Yuli Lin, Qian Cai, Yu Chen, Tiancong Shi, Weiren Liu, Li Mao, Bo Deng, Zhen Ying, Yuan Gao, Haoyang Luo, Xuguang Yang, Xiaowu Huang, Yinghong Shi, Rui He
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Abstract Background and Aims We previously demonstrated that cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor growth through recruitment of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) is highly expressed in myeloid cells and is critical for synthesizing leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which is involved in tumor progression by activating its receptor leukotriene B4 receptor type 2 (BLT2). In this study, we investigated whether and how CAFs regulate MDSC function to enhance cancer stemness, the driving force of the cancer aggressiveness and chemotherapy refractoriness, in highly desmoplastic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Approach and Results RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed enriched metabolic pathways but decreased inflammatory pathways in cancer MDSCs compared with blood MDSCs from patients with ICC. Co‐injection of ICC patient‐derived CAFs promoted cancer stemness in an orthotopic ICC model, which was blunted by MDSC depletion. Conditioned media (CM) from CAF‐educated MDSCs drastically promoted tumorsphere formation efficiency and stemness marker gene expression in ICC cells. CAF‐CM stimulation increased expression and activity of 5‐LO in MDSCs, while 5‐LO inhibitor impaired the stemness‐enhancing capacity of MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, IL‐6 and IL‐33 primarily expressed by CAFs mediated hyperactivated 5‐LO metabolism in MDSCs. We identified the LTB4‐BLT2 axis as the critical downstream metabolite signaling of 5‐LO in promoting cancer stemness, as treatment with LTB4 was elevated in CAF‐educated MDSCs, or blockade of BLT2 (which was preferentially expressed in stem‐like ICC cells) significantly reduced stemness‐enhancing effects of CAF‐educated MDSCs. Finally, BLT2 blockade augmented chemotherapeutic efficacy in ICC patient‐derived xenograft models. Conclusions Our study reveals a role for CAFs in orchestrating the optimal cancer stemness‐enhancing microenvironment by educating MDSCs, and suggests the 5‐LO/LTB4‐BLT2 axis as promising therapeutic targets for ICC chemoresistance by targeting cancer stemness.
Abstract 16644: Elderly Heart Failure Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Device: Mortality, Hospital Readmission, Length of Stay, and Adverse Events
Authors: Tisha Marie B Suboc, Khansa Ahmed, Christopher Kabir, Nicole Graney, Robin Paliga, Karen Meehan, Gregory Macaluso, Sunil Pauwaa, Antone Tatooles, Pat Pappas, Gheeta Bhat, Ambar Andrade, William Cotts
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Outcomes after LVAD implantation have been excellent despite advanced age, however, there is limited data on advanced age compared to younger patients. The primary objective of this r...
Abstract 17116: Packed Red Cell Age Associated With Adverse Cardiovascular Changes in an Ovine Model of Septic Shock Resuscitation
Authors: Jonathon P Fanning, Nchafatso G Obonyo, John-Paul Tung, Liam Byrne, Gabriela Simonova, Sara Diab, Kimble Dunster, Margaret Passmore, Ai-Ching Boon, Louise See Hoe, Sanne Engkilde-Pedersen, Arlanna Esguerra-Lallen, Mohd Hashairi Fauzi, Leticia Pretti Pimenta, Jonathan Millar, Christopher Anstey, Frank van Haren, Louise Cullen, Jacky Suen, Kiran Shekar, Kathryn Maitland, John Fraser
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion in septic shock is generally reserved as a last resort hemodynamic resuscitative measure or for haemoglobin less than 7.0 g/dL. Ex-vivo preservation and storage predispose PRBCs to biochemical / mechanical changes whose impact in a septic host is unknown. This randomised pre-clinical trial specifically evaluates select markers of cardiovascular stress in an ovine model of endotoxemic shock receiving either fresh or stored blood. Methods: Twenty six anesthetised and mechanically ventilated merino ewes were randomly divided into endotoxemic shock (n = 16) or healthy (n = 10) groups. Endotoxemic shock was induced over 4 hours by infusing an escalating dose (total 11.25 mcg / kg) of lipopolysaccharide, LPS ( E.coli 055:B5 ). During the last hour of LPS infusion, 10 mls / kg of either fresh, ≤ 5 days (n = 8) or stored, ≥ 30 days (n = 8) ovine packed PRBCs were administered. Healthy ewes received either fresh, ≤ 5 days (n = 5) or stored, ≥ 30 days (n = 5) ovine PRBCs at corresponding time points. Invasive haemodynamic monitoring and serial echocardiographic assessments were performed in all. Blood samples were measured for cardiac troponin I (cTnI), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and hyaluronan at baseline (T0), 1, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 16h after which the ewes were euthanized. Results: Stored versus fresh PRBCs produced raised hyaluronan levels (P &lt; 0.001) from T3 onwards in both sepsis and healthy groups and resulted in significant (P &lt; 0.001) adverse haemodynamic changes (cardiac index, central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure and mixed venous oxygen saturation). Elevated ANP was observed between T3 to T10 (P &lt; 0.001) in septic compared to healthy ewes but there was no association with age of PRBCs. No statistical differences were observed between groups for TnI. Conclusions: Sepsis and storage duration of PRBCs are associated with increased cardiovascular stress suggesting that stored PRBCs may predispose patients with septic shock to poor clinical outcomes.
In decompensated cirrhosis, targeted albumin infusions did not improve an in-hospital composite outcome at 15 d
Authors: Julian Hercun, Averell H. Sherker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

ACP Journal ClubAugust 2021In decompensated cirrhosis, targeted albumin infusions did not improve an in-hospital composite outcome at 15 dJulian Hercun, MD, Averell H. Sherker, MDJulian Hercun, MDNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (J.H., A.H.S.)Search for more papers by this author, Averell H. Sherker, MDNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (J.H., A.H.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJ202108170-091 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationChina L, Freemantle N, Forrest E, et al. A randomized trial of albumin infusions in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:808-17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33657293Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Gastroenterology: References1 Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, et al. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg. 1973;60:646-9. [PMID: 4541913] Google Scholar2 European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018;69:406-60. [PMID: 29653741] Google Scholar3 Caironi P, Tognoni G, Masson S, et al. Albumin replacement in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1412-21. [PMID: 24635772] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (J.H., A.H.S.)Disclosures: The commentators have reported no disclosures of interest. The forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M20-7319.This article was published at Annals.org on 3 August 2021. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics August 2021Volume 174, Issue 8Page: JC91KeywordsAlbuminsCirrhosisCreatinineDisclosureKidneysMortalityPatientsSepsisSerum albuminSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis ePublished: 3 August 2021 Issue Published: August 2021 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2021 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Robust Cardiac Gene Delivery and Evasion of Neutralizing Antibodies by Extracellular Vesicle-Associated AAV Vectors
Authors: Marta Adamiak, Yaxuan Liang, Prabhu Mathiyalagan, Neha Agarwal, Divya Jha, Erik Kohlbrenner, Elena Chepurko, Dongtak Jeong, Delaine Ceholski, Nicole Dubois, Roger Hajjar, Susmita Sahoo
Journal: Circulation (2018)