tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Nephrotic Syndrome and Risks of ESKD, Cardiovascular Events, and Death: The Kaiser Permanente Nephrotic Syndrome Study
Authors: Alan S. Go, Thida C. Tan, Glenn M. Chertow, Juan D. Ordonez, Dongjie Fan, David Law, Leonid Yankulin, Janet M. Wojcicki, Sijie Zheng, Kenneth K. Chen, Farzien Khoshniat-Rad, Jingrong Yang, Rishi V. Parikh
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Little population-based data exist about adults with primary nephrotic syndrome.To evaluate kidney, cardiovascular, and mortality outcomes in adults with primary nephrotic syndrome, we identified adults within an integrated health care delivery system (Kaiser Permanente Northern California) with nephrotic-range proteinuria or diagnosed nephrotic syndrome between 1996 and 2012. Nephrologists reviewed medical records for clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and biopsy results to confirm primary nephrotic syndrome and assigned etiology. We identified a 1:100 time-matched cohort of adults without diabetes, diagnosed nephrotic syndrome, or proteinuria as controls to compare rates of ESKD, cardiovascular outcomes, and death through 2014, using multivariable Cox regression.We confirmed 907 patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (655 definite and 252 presumed patients with FSGS [40%], membranous nephropathy [40%], and minimal change disease [20%]). Mean age was 49 years; 43% were women. Adults with primary nephrotic syndrome had higher adjusted rates of ESKD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 19.63; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 12.76 to 30.20), acute coronary syndrome (aHR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.89 to 3.52), heart failure (aHR, 3.01; 95% CI, 2.16 to 4.19), ischemic stroke (aHR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.05), venous thromboembolism (aHR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.35 to 4.85), and death (aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.64) versus controls. Excess ESKD risk was significantly higher for FSGS and membranous nephropathy than for presumed minimal change disease. The three etiologies of primary nephrotic syndrome did not differ significantly in terms of cardiovascular outcomes and death.Adults with primary nephrotic syndrome experience higher adjusted rates of ESKD, cardiovascular outcomes, and death, with significant variation by underlying etiology in the risk for developing ESKD.
Quantitative Assessment of TCR Repertoire and Allo-Reactivity of Human Acute Gvhd Tissue-Infiltrating T Cells
Authors: Daisuke Koyama, Makoto Murata, Ryo Hanajiri, Shingo Okuno, Sonoko Kamoshita, Erina Takagi, Jakrawadee Julamanee, Kotaro Miyao, Reona Sakemura, Tatsunori Goto, Seitaro Terakura, Tetsuya Nishida, Hitoshi Kiyoi
Journal: Blood (2017)
Provincial trends in Legionnaires’ disease are not explained by population structure in Denmark, 2015 to 2018
Authors: Kelsie Cassell, Daniel Thomas-Lopez, Charlotte Kjelsø, Søren Uldum
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2021)

Background Legionnaires’ disease (LD) incidence has been increasing in several European countries since 2011. Currently, Denmark is experiencing one of the highest annual incidences of LD despite its relatively cold climate and homogenous population, and the incidence differs notably across the country. Aim We sought to determine whether provincial differences in LD incidence are attributable to the age and sex distribution of the population, and to characterise the risk of LD by province and age group in Denmark. Methods Using national routine surveillance data for domestic LD cases collected between 2015 and 2018, we assessed the incidence of disease by province and year. Poisson regression models were fit to understand the risk of LD by year and province, as well as by 5-year age groups. Results Incidence of domestic LD increased 48% between 2015 and 2018 across Denmark. Some provinces continuously had a high incidence of disease, even after adjusting for yearly trends and the underlying population distribution. Variations in the proportion of the population aged 65 years and older were not responsible for the increase in disease in our analysis. Finally, incidence of disease increased with each 5-year age group in both men and women. Conclusions The relative differences in incidence between Danish provinces could not be explained by the age and sex distribution of the population, indicating that other factors must be responsible for the varying incidence across the country. These results may help inform trends in other countries in Europe also experiencing an unexplained high incidence of LD.
Respiratory disease, and treatment / thematic poster session anxiety, depressive symptoms, and attitudes about COVID-19 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: K. Sumino, S. L. Labedz, A. J. Gangemi, M. Zantah, W. Z. Zhang, R. A. Wise, J. T. Holbrook
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2021)

Rationale: Patients with chronic lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 disease. This study evaluated the anxiety and depressive symptoms, and attitudes about COVID-19 in a well-characterized group of patients with COPD enrolled in the Losartan Evaluation for Emphysema (LEEP) trial. Methods: This is an ancillary study of an ongoing LEEP trial evaluating the effect of losartan versus placebo on emphysema progression. From June 2017 to February 2020, 220 participants were enrolled in the 48-week LEEP trial. The main eligibility criteria were FEV1/FVC ratio 10 pack-year smoking, and a high resolution CT scan with 5-35% voxel with density  9) and 18% had elevated scores for depression (PHQ- 8>9), which was similar to the prevalence in another COPD cohort evaluated prior to the pandemic. Regardless, 57% report significant concern that COVID-19 may affect their COPD. The large majority reported practicing recommended infection control measurements and 72% reported staying home more. The majority, 66%, said they were unlikely to receive a vaccine for COVID-19 (prior to the announcement of results of first vaccine trials). Trusted sources of information about the pandemic were doctors and healthcare providers (70%), followed by local news stations (70%), and CDC (61%). Most of the participants had good understanding of the symptoms and mode of transmission route of COVID-19. Conclusion: There was no increase in symptoms of anxiety or depression in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD associated with the pandemic;the prevalence of elevated anxiety and depression were relatively low. Most followed recommended infection control measures. The majority were concerned about the potential effects of COVID-19 on COPD disease. .
Targetoid lesions, weals, or both?
Authors: Tzu-Yu Weng, Donald Liu
Journal: BMJ (2021)

This is normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis on the thighs of a woman in her 50s (fig 1). She presented with a two day history of rash and a tingling sensation on her thighs, but no pruritus. Examination revealed annular …
Abstract 102: Downregulation of Mitochondrial Energetics in Senescent Human Atria
Authors: Larisa Emelyanova, Anu Gupta, Viqar Maria, Mohammed Yousufuddin, Stacie Edwards, Kelsey Kraft, Ulugbek Negmadjanov, Gracious Ross, Farhan Rizvi, Yang Shi, Arshad Jahangir
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Introduction: Although alterations in mitochondrial function have been observed in senescent hearts, the molecular basis for aging-associated decline in energy metabolism in the human heart is not fully understood. Objective: To determine aging-related changes in functional activity and protein expression level of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and expression of genes regulating mitochondrial energetics in the human heart. Methods: Right atrial appendages from well-matched adult (29-57 y.o., n=19) and aged (65-85 y.o., n=22) patients undergoing elective CABG surgery were used. Functional activity of OXPHOS complexes was measured spectrophotometrically. Protein expression level of corresponding OXPHOS protein subunits was determined by Western blot. Gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays. Results: Mitochondria from senescent hearts demonstrated a significant decrease in complex I and V functional activity without significant changes in the rest of the complexes (Fig. A). At the protein expression level, there was reduction in complex I, III, and IV (Fig. B). This was associated with downregulation of the majority (86%, 90 of 105) of genes coding mitochondrial proteins (Fig. C). Forty-six percent (41 of 90) of the downregulated genes were confined to pathways regulating mitochondrial energetics. Conclusion: With aging, the functional activity of OXPHOS is reduced due to supression of protein expression and downregulation of genes regulating mitochondrial energetics. This provides a substrate for reduced energetic efficiency associated with senescence in the human atria.
Impact of mitral regurgitation in patients with worsening heart failure: insights from <scp>BIOSTAT‐CHF</scp>
Authors: Matteo Pagnesi, Marianna Adamo, Iziah E. Sama, Stefan D. Anker, John G. Cleland, Kenneth Dickstein, Gerasimos S. Filippatos, Chim C. Lang, Leong L. Ng, Piotr Ponikowski, Alice Ravera, Nilesh J. Samani, Faiez Zannad, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Adriaan A. Voors, Marco Metra
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)
Abstract 16780: Effects of Ethnicity on the Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Pooled Analysis of the ISAACC Trial and Sleep and Stent Study
Authors: Chieh Yang Koo
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an increasing yet under-recognized risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We sought to determine the effects of ethnicity on the prevalence of OSA in patients presenting with ACS who participated in an overnight sleep study. Methods: A pooled analysis using patient-level data from the ISAACC Trial and Sleep and Stent Study was performed. In both of these studies, patients presenting with ACS were recruited to undergo an overnight sleep study. OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥15. A bivariate analysis of the factors affecting AHI and an age-adjusted analysis of the effect of BMI on sleep apnea according to ethnicity were conducted. Results: A total of 1961 patients were analyzed, including Spanish (53.6%, n=1050), Chinese (25.5%, n=500), Indian (12.0%, n=235), Malay (6.1%, n=119), Brazilian (1.7%, n=34) and Burmese (1.2%, n=23) populations. Significant differences in body mass index (BMI) were found among the various ethnic groups, averaging from 25.3 kg/m2 for Indians and 25.4 kg/m2 for Chinese to 28.6 kg/m2 for Spaniards. The prevalence of OSA was highest in the Spanish (63.1%), followed by the Chinese (50.2%), Malay (47.9%), Burmese (43.5%), Brazilian (41.2%), and Indian patients. Figure 1 shows the forest plot of the prevalence of OSA among the various ethnicities. A significant interaction between BMI and ethnicity to predict OSA was observed. The estimated odds ratio of BMI on OSA was highest in the Chinese population (1.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.24), but was not significant in the Spanish, Burmese or Brazilian populations. The area under the curve for the Asian patients (ranging from 0.6365 to 0.6692) was higher than that for the Spanish patients (0.5161). Conclusion: There was significant ethnic variation in the prevalence of OSA in patients with ACS, and the magnitude of the effect of BMI on OSA was greater in the Chinese population than in the Spanish patients.
Novel Stem Cell-Targeted Therapy for Multiple Myeloma Based on Dual Inhibition of EZH1/2
Authors: Makoto Nakagawa, Shuhei Fujita, Daisuke Honma, Kazushi Araki, Tatsuya Inoue, Ayako Kato, Koichiro Inaki, Chisa Wada, Ono Yoshimasa, Yasuharu Nakashima, Issay Kitabayashi
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 400: Role of the 17beta-Estradiol/beta-Catenin Axis in Heart Failure
Authors: Georgios Kararigas, Laura C Zelarayan, Karl Toischer, Gerd Hasenfuss, Hubertus Jarry, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

The role of β-catenin and the actions of 17β-estradiol (E2) in cardiovascular (patho)physiology remain unclear. In the diseased heart, E2 is expected to be cardioprotective. However, in the absence of prior disease, complications in pregnancy or transgender individuals indicate that E2 might lead to cardiovascular disease. We aimed at the characterization of the effects of the E2/β-catenin axis in the healthy C57Bl/6N heart. Two-month-old female C57Bl/6N wild-type (WT) and cardiac-specific β-catenin-deleted (β-cat Δex2-6 ) mice were ovariectomized and randomized to an E2-containing or soy-free (control, CON) diet ( n = 7-13/group). The 3-month physiological dose of E2 led to a significant repression of nuclear β-catenin levels vs. CON ( P &lt; 0.001) in WT mice. This was underlain by a significant decrease in the heart weight to tibia length ratio and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (E2 vs. CON WT mice P &lt; 0.001). Echocardiography revealed a significant decrease in septum width ( P &lt; 0.001), posterior wall thickness ( P &lt; 0.01) and fractional shortening ( P &lt; 0.05) in E2 vs. CON WT mice. Deletion of β-catenin abrogated these E2-mediated deleterious effects on cardiac structure and function. Mechanistically, we found a significant increase in the levels of the ubiquitin ligase and key regulator of proteasome-dependent protein degradation muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 (MuRF1) in E2 vs. CON WT mice ( P &lt; 0.05), while there was no effect in β-cat Δex2-6 mice. Although we also hypothesized increased autophagic activity, we found no effect on the autophagy-related protein LC3 in WT or β-cat Δex2-6 mice. In a translational approach, we profiled the left ventricular transcriptome of female patients ( n = 5) with end-stage non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) vs. healthy controls ( n = 8). We found a significant induction in the expression of the genes coding for SFRP5 , a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, DACT2 , an antagonist of β-catenin, and APC2 , which is required for targeted degradation of β-catenin ( P &lt; 0.01), in DCM samples. Our mouse data indicate that repression but not deletion of β-catenin leads to heart failure and our human data suggest that targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in heart failure may be of therapeutic value.
Inhibiting DNA-PK induces glioma stem cell differentiation and sensitizes glioblastoma to radiation in mice
Authors: Xiaoguang Fang, Zhi Huang, Kui Zhai, Qian Huang, Weiwei Tao, Leo Kim, Qiulian Wu, Alexandru Almasan, Jennifer S. Yu, Xiaoxia Li, George R. Stark, Jeremy N. Rich, Shideng Bao
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Targeting DNA-PK induces glioma stem cell differentiation by destabilizing SOX2 to inhibit tumor growth in mouse glioblastoma models.
Weight management service plans are flawed and will add to GP workload, BMA warns
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The BMA has warned that a new weight management service will result in a “significant” rise in GP workload and will have little benefit for patients.

On 21 June NHS England published an enhanced service specification for weight management.1 The aim of the service, the document said, was to help general practices develop and implement a proactive approach to identifying patients with obesity. It also aims to help practices engage with such patients and refer …
Integrated Genetic/Epigenetic Analysis Revealed High Heterogeneity of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Down Syndrome
Authors: Yasuo Kubota, Kumiko Uryu, Tatsuya Ito, Tomoko Kawai, Masafumi Seki, Tomoya Isobe, Tsutomu Toki, Kenichi Yoshida, Keisuke Kataoka, Yuichi Shiraishi, Kenichi Chiba, Hiroko Tanaka, Satoru Miyano, Akira Oka, Yasuhide Hayashi, Seishi Ogawa, Kiminori Terui, Atsushi Sato, Kenichiro Hata, Etsuro Ito, Junko Takita
Journal: Blood (2017)
Community Assessment for Mental and Physical Health Effects After Hurricane Irma — Florida Keys, May 2019
Authors: Yaritbel Torres-Mendoza, Alison Kerr, Amy Helene Schnall, Carina Blackmore, Summer D. Hartley
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Disasters can adversely affect population health, resulting in increased need for health services. Hurricane Irma made landfall in the Florida Keys (Monroe County) as a Category 4 hurricane on September 10, 2017. The hurricane caused substantial damage to 65% of homes and resulted in 40 persons injured and 17 deaths from hurricane-related causes.* During 2018, the county suicide rate increased to 34.9 per 100,000 population from the 5-year (2013-2017) average of 25.2 per 100,000 population (1). In May 2019, 20 months after the hurricane, the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) conducted a modified Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) to assess the community's mental, physical, and economic health and develop public health interventions to decrease the suicide rate. A consenting adult member from 231 households was interviewed, and a weighted cluster analysis was conducted to estimate the number and percentage of households throughout the Florida Keys with a particular response, as well as the number and percentage of persons at risk for suicide. During the 20 months since Hurricane Irma, 17% of households reported a need for a mental health care provider; 37.9% of these did not receive those services. A modified CASPER was used to calculate population estimates of suicide risk in an area of high landfall for hurricanes; estimated population suicide risk was 7.3%. Respondents reported worsening of respiratory conditions (17.7%), anxiety (17.0%), and depression (11.3%). Emergency preparedness plans should consider strengthening mental health service delivery after a hurricane, particularly during the long-term recovery phase.
Pregnant Women with Substance Use Disorders — The Harm Associated with Punitive Approaches
Authors: Rebecca L. Haffajee, Laura J. Faherty, Kara Zivin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Behavioral health conditions in pregnant women are often associated with negative health outcomes. But there has been an alarming trend among states to punish pregnant women with substance use disorders, rather than ensure that they receive appropriate care.
Intake of quercetin and isothiocyanates and risk of lung cancer: A population-based case-control study
Authors: Tram Lam, Melissa Rotunno, Giorgia Randi, Vincenzo Bagnardi, Amy Subar, Maria Teresa Landi
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

3084  Background: Diet rich in isothiocyanates, found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, and turnips, or quercetin, found in apples, grapes, onions, and broccoli, may modulate the risk of lung cancer via regulation of tobacco-related carcinogen metabolism, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory activities.  Objective: To investigate the association between lung cancer risk and dietary intakes rich in isothiocyanates and quercetin in the Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE), a population-based case-control study of lung cancer in Italy.  Methods: Between 2002 and 2005, 2101 primary lung cases were enrolled from 13 hospitals within the Lombardy Region of Italy. Healthy controls (2120) were randomly selected and recruited from the same residential area as lung cancer cases. Cases and controls were matched on gender, city of residence, and age (±5 years). Comprehensive epidemiological data were collected through an interview-based computer-assisted questionnaire and dietary intakes via a brief self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were adjusted for matching variables, body mass index, education, alcohol consumption, and smoking history (cigarette intensity, duration of cigarette smoking, and years since last cigarette smoked for former smokers).  Results: For comparisons of the highest-versus-lowest quintile of intake frequency, statistically significant protective associations for lung cancer were observed for quercetin-rich foods (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51-0.82; p-trend: 0.001), total fruits (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.95; p-trend: 0.02), and total intake of fruits and vegetables (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.97; p-trend: 0.02). The protective association was more pronounced among heavy ever-smokers whose diet was high in quercetin-rich foods (> 36 pack-years, OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.3-0.65; p-trend: 0.001). No associations were observed for intakes of isothiocyanate-rich foods (OR: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.85-1.44; p-trend: 0.68) or total vegetables (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.72-1.17; p-trend: 0.44).  Conclusion: Our data suggest that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and particularly those rich in quercetin may reduce the risk of lung cancer, especially in smokers. If confirmed in prospective studies, these results may contribute to the development of preventive strategies against lung cancer that are complementary to smoking cessation programs.
18F-Fluciclovine–Avid Reactive Axillary Lymph Nodes After COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Franklin C. Wong, Lucia Martiniova, Avantika Masrani, Gregory C. Ravizzini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract A 74-year-old man presenting with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer 9 months after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy underwent 18 F-fluciclovine PET/CT for restaging to determine subsequent treatment strategy. Serum prostate-specific antigen was 0.7 ng/mL at the time of imaging. Images demonstrated foci of abnormal increased 18 F-fluciclovine uptake corresponding to prominent round lymph nodes in the left axilla, some of which with fatty hila. Due to recent mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in the ipsilateral arm and the low likelihood of nodal metastases to the axilla from prostate cancer in this patient, the lymph nodes were considered to be benign, reactive to the vaccine.
Sunitinib Alone or After Nephrectomy for Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Is There Still a Role for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy?
Authors: Arnaud Méjean, Alain Ravaud, Simon Thezenas, Christine Chevreau, Karim Bensalah, Lionnel Geoffrois, Antoine Thiery-Vuillemin, Luc Cormier, Hervé Lang, Laurent Guy, Gwenaelle Gravis, Frederic Rolland, Claude Linassier, Eric Lechevallier, Stephane Oudard, Brigitte Laguerre, Marine Gross-Goupil, Jean Christophe Bernhard, Sandra Colas, Laurence Albiges, Thierry Lebret, Jean-Marc Treluyer, Marc-Olivier Timsit, Bernard Escudier
Journal: European Urology (2021)