tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Future Research Directions to Study Genetic Damage in Germ Cells and Estimate Genetic Risk
Authors: Ilse-Dore Adler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The late Frits Sobels developed a parallelogram model to estimate genetic risk to humans based on experimental data in somatic cells (peripheral blood) of exposed animals and humans and on data from progeny studies of exposed animals (mice).Recently, an extension to the original paral- lelogram model was proposed to bridge the gap of extrapolation between rodent and human germ cells by studying sperm samples.The comparison in the parallelogram of rodent/human sperm data with data from rodent progeny tests to derive at an estimate of human progeny at risk is more promising.Therefore, data on all possible end points, DNA adducts, mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and aneuploidy, should be obtained in sperm of exposed rodents and humans.The technology from somatic cell studies is available or adaptable to sperm studies.Sperm samples lend themselves to automated analyses because they are a homogeneous cell population.By flow cytometry or image analysis, large cell samples can be studied per individual.Animal experiments could be conducted in the actual range of chronic human exposure to low doses.The acceptability of extrapolation from the high acute doses so far used in animal experi- ments to low chronic doses of human exposure could be assessed.Proof could be obtained in human germ cells for the assumption that data from animal experiments can be extrapolated to humans.Data from transgenic rodent systems may play an important role in the extension of the parallelogram approach to genetic risk estimation by providing a link between cancer and genetic risk estimates.
Serum miR-21 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yuji Toiyama, Masanobu Takahashi, Keun Hur, Takeshi Nagasaka, Koji Tanaka, Yasuhiro Inoue, Masato Kusunoki, C. Richard Boland, Ajay Goel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

BackgroundThe oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-21 and miR-31 negatively regulate tumor-suppressor genes. Their potential as serum biomarkers has not been determined in human colorectal cancer (CRC).
Impact of a Genomic Test on Treatment Decision in a Predominantly African American Population With Favorable-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Adam B. Murphy, Michael R. Abern, Li Liu, Heidy Wang, Courtney M. P. Hollowell, Roohollah Sharifi, Patricia Vidal, Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, Marin Sekosan, Karen Ferrer, Shoujin Wu, Marlene Gallegos, Patrice King-Lee, Lisa K. Sharp, Carol E. Ferrans, Peter H. Gann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

The Genomic Prostate Score (GPS), performed on biopsy tissue, predicts adverse outcome in prostate cancer (PCa) and has shown promise for improving patient selection for active surveillance (AS). However, its impact on treatment choice in high-risk populations of African Americans is largely unknown and, in general, the effect of the GPS on this difficult decision has not been evaluated in randomized trials.
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: J. W. Harvey
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is a matter of no urgent importance to the readers ofThe Journalwhether it be published in Chicago or in Washington, unless it can be proven that it can be made a better journal in Washingtonthan it can in Chicago. The members of the Association estimateThe Journalby its merits and hold the Editors and Publishers responsible for its character. It should be left with them to determine where it would be most convenient for them to do the work and do it best. When the National Government makes liberal appropriations for the establishing of a National Medical Institute, and makes provisions for professorships by which experimental research can be conducted; where hospitals, libraries, museums and other necessary helps are provided by the government, as is done in some other countries; then I say move to Washington. Indianapolis, Ind., March 10, 1891.
Abstract 16167: Comparison of Outcomes at Time of Superior Cavopulmonary Connection Between Single Ventricle Patients With Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow Initially Palliated With Either Blalock-Taussig Shunt or Ductus Arteriosus Stent: Results From the Congenital Catheterization Research Collaborative
Authors: Jeffery Meadows, Athar M Qureshi, Bryan H Goldstein, Christopher Petit, Courtney McCracken, Michael Kelleman, Varun Aggarwal, Holly D Bauser-Heaton, Christine Combs, Ari J Gartenberg, Allen Ligon, George Nicholson, Andrew C Glatz
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Patients with single ventricle (SV) anatomy and ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow may be palliated in the neonatal period with either modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (BTS) or ductu...
204P Immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) as a predictor of response to immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer
Authors: M.V. Sanchez Becerra, R. Martinez-Cabañes, A. Gonzalez-Lopez, E. Zhan-Zhou, V. Sotelo, M. Esteban, T. Robles, J.C. Camara, A. Cardena, S. Hernando, A. Hurtado, D. Moreno, C. Olier, X. Mielgo Rubio
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Superoxide dismutase prevents the thrombin-induced increase in lung vascular permeability: role of superoxide in mediating the alterations in lung fluid balance.
Authors: AJohnson, M BPerlman, F ABlumenstock, A BMalik
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

We investigated the effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and SOD linked to Ficoll (mol. wt = 400,000) on the changes in pulmonary transvascular fluid and protein exchange following pulmonary microembolism induced with alpha-thrombin. Studies were made in chronically prepared unanesthetized sheep with lung lymph fistulas. Control thrombin challenged sheep (n = 5) were compared to animals infused with SOD (the SOD-thrombin group, n = 5) or animals infused with SOD linked to high molecular weight Ficoll (the Ficoll-SOD-thrombin group, n = 6). The Ficoll-SOD-thrombin animals were also compared to animals infused with Ficoll alone (the Ficoll-thrombin group, n = 4). In the control-thrombin group, thrombin induced sustained increases in the pulmonary transvascular protein clearance (pulmonary lymph flow X lymph/plasma protein concentration ratio) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). In the SOD-thrombin group, thrombin initially increased both pulmonary transvascular protein clearance and PVR; however, the ...
Heterosexual transmission of HIV
Authors: B. Voeller
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Diverse cellular and immune factors in sexual fluids and the coital environment have been postulated to influence the sexual transmission of HIV type 1. 1 The differences between male-to-female and female-to-male transmission that were documented recently by Padian et al 2 suggest to us that an additional coital factor, vaginal pH, could also significantly influence the sexual transmission of HIV.  Free virus and/or infected lymphocytes and macrophages (principal host cells for HIV) are thought to be the infectious unit(s) transmitted during coitus. Each can be found in semen and in vaginal secretions of HIV-infected individuals. Free virus and lymphocytes are both inactivated at low pH, as illustrated in the Figure. For free virus, inactivation occurs within minutes. 3 Vaginal secretions from healthy reproductive-aged women are characteristically acidic (pH values of 3.4 to 6.0) and thus present a hostile environment for HIV particles and infected lymphocytes. For this
Echocardiographic features of congenital left ventricular inflow obstruction.
Authors: MLaCorte, KHarada, R GWilliams
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The echocardiographic features of congenital left ventricular inflow obstruction are described in six patients. The echocardiograms in two patients with cor triatriatum were distinguished by normal mitral valve motion and an abnormal echo within the left atrium. In two patients with supravalvar mitral ring, in addition to abnormal mitral valve motion, an abnormal echo, presumably originating from the obstructive membrane, was located between the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets. In two cases of parachute mitral valve, mitral valve motion was abnormal. In one of these cases there were multiple mitral valve echoes similar to those found in supravalvar mitral ring. The echocardiographic identification of an obstructive membrane within the left atrium is difficult because of the occurrence of artifacts. However, membranes may be identified if careful scanning techniques are employed in patients in whom left ventricular inflow obstruction is suspected. The echocardiogram is useful in detecting mitral val...
Prevalence and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction in the fibrinolytic era. GISSI-2 results.
Authors: A PMaggioni, GZuanetti, M GFranzosi, FRovelli, ESantoro, LStaszewsky, LTavazzi, GTognoni
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDSeveral studies performed before the advent of thrombolysis have shown that the presence of ventricular arrhythmias is an independent risk factor for subsequent mortality in patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction. Since fibrinolysis affects the natural history of infarction and may alter the clinical relevance of different risk factors, the aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence and prognostic value of ventricular arrhythmias in post-myocardial infarction patients treated with fibrinolytic agents during the acute phase.METHODS AND RESULTSTwenty-four-hour Holter recordings obtained before discharge from the hospital in 8,676 post-myocardial infarction patients of the GISSI-2 study were analyzed for the presence of ventricular arrhythmias. Patients were followed for 6 months from the acute event; total and sudden cardiovascular mortality rates were computed, and relative risks in univariate and multivariate analyses were calculated. Ventricular arrhythmias were pres...
Amiodarone and post-MI patients.
Authors: KNademanee, B NSingh, W GStevenson, J NWeiss
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Amiodarone is a viable drug for preventing sudden cardiac death, particularly during the first year after MI. If larger trials confirm the aforementioned prospective trials of Ceremuzynski et al, Cairns et al, and the BASIS trial, the efficacy of amiodarone would outweigh the risk of its side effects during the first year after MI. Based on the long-term observation from the BASIS trial, the duration of amiodarone therapy need not be more than 1 year--which, as we have learned, is when these post-MI patients would benefit most from the drug. It is also likely that the effects of amiodarone would complement those of aspirin and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The SAVE, CONSENSUS II, and SOLVD trials demonstrated that captopril and enalapril did not reduce the mortality rate during the first year after MI, nor did they reduce the sudden cardiac death rate. Their beneficial effects became evident only during the second year and thereafter. Unlike other antiarrhythmic agents of various classes, amio...
Temporary, catheter-induced block in accessory pathways.
Authors: T LNovick, E LPritchett, R WCampbell, G CRogers, A GWallace, J JGallagher
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Catheter-induced conduction delay or block in the accessory atrioventricular pathway of four patients with the preexcitation syndrome was observed. Block in the accessory pathway occurred during routine catheter placement and lasted from 90 seconds--14 hours. All of the pathways were in locations readily accessible to catheter trauma, located in the right anterior septal/paraseptal area in three patients, and in the posterior septum near the orifice of the coronary sinus in the fourth. The location of the acessory pathway was confirmed at surgery by endocardial mapping in three of the four patients. The fourth patient did not undergo survey. These findings suggest the need for caution in performing and interpreting electrode catheter studies which are undertaken to document the presence of accessory pathways.
Heat shock protein induction in rat hearts. A role for improved myocardial salvage after ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: T JDonnelly, R ESievers, F LVissern, W JWelch, C LWolfe
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDTo test the hypothesis that the heat shock response is associated with improved myocardial salvage after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, rats treated with prior whole-body hyperthermia and 24 hours of recovery (n = 26) or 20 minutes of ischemic pretreatment and 8 hours of recovery (n = 24) and control rats (n = 27, n = 24, for hyperthermic and ischemic pretreatment, respectively) were subjected to 35 minutes of left coronary artery (LCA) occlusion and 120 minutes of reperfusion.METHODS AND RESULTSAlthough ventricular samples from rats subjected to either hyperthermia (n = 7) or ischemic pretreatment (n = 6) all showed induction of HSP72 (heat shock protein), Western blot analysis revealed significantly greater amounts of HSP72 in samples obtained from rats subjected to hyperthermia compared with those from rats subjected to ischemic pretreatment. Control rats (n = 7) showed no significant presence of myocardial HSP72. After 35 minutes of LCA occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion, infarct siz...
The Epidemiology of Prescriptions Abandoned at the Pharmacy
Authors: Jeanette L. Altavela
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters17 May 2011The Epidemiology of Prescriptions Abandoned at the PharmacyJeanette L. Altavela, PharmD, BCPSJeanette L. Altavela, PharmD, BCPSFrom Greater Rochester Independent Practice Association, Rochester, NY 14610.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-10-201105170-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read Shrank and colleagues' article (1) with much interest, as I am involved in addressing barriers to medication adherence. However, I was surprised by which of the 6 statistically significant correlates related to abandoned prescriptions were included in the abstract. The Results section of the abstract states that “prescriptions delivered electronically were 1.64 times more likely to be abandoned than those that were not electronic (P < 0.001).”I found that the methods and data within this study do not support the ability to compare the rate of abandonment of electronic prescriptions with that of nonelectronic prescriptions. ...Reference1. Shrank WH, Choudhry NK, Fischer MA, Avorn J, Powell M, Schneeweiss S, et al. The epidemiology of prescriptions abandoned at the pharmacy. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:633-40. [PMID: 21079218] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Greater Rochester Independent Practice Association, Rochester, NY 14610.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Epidemiology of Prescriptions Abandoned at the Pharmacy William H. Shrank , Niteesh K. Choudhry , Michael A. Fischer , Jerry Avorn , Mark Powell , Sebastian Schneeweiss , Joshua N. Liberman , Timothy Dollear , Troyen A. Brennan , and M. Alan Brookhart The Epidemiology of Prescriptions Abandoned at the Pharmacy William H. Shrank , Niteesh K. Choudhry , and M. Alan Brookhart The Epidemiology of Prescriptions Abandoned at the Pharmacy Michael Van Ornum Metrics 17 May 2011Volume 154, Issue 10Page: 706KeywordsConflicts of interestEpidemiology ePublished: 17 May 2011 Issue Published: 17 May 2011 CopyrightCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Initial report of decreased SARS-CoV-2 viral load after inoculation with the BNT162b2 vaccine
Authors: Matan Levine-Tiefenbrun, Idan Yelin, Rachel Katz, Esma Herzel, Ziv Golan, Licita Schreiber, Tamar Wolf, Varda Nadler, Amir Ben-Tov, Jacob Kuint, Sivan Gazit, Tal Patalon, Gabriel Chodick, Roy Kishony
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)
Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ronaldo S. L. Lima, Andrea De Lorenzo, Bernardo Nobrega, Maria Carolina Landersman, Lea Mirian B. Fonseca
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

The presence of myocardial scar and/or myocardial ischemia provides an important substrate for the occurrence of potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias. A 74-year-old man developed extensive ischemia associated with cardiac arrest during exercise stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Technetium-labeled perfusion tracers are trapped inside myocardial mitochondria, and therefore show regional differences in coronary flow at the time of tracer administration. SPECT images acquired after resuscitation from cardiac arrest demonstrate the ischemic myocardium associated with his cardiac arrest.
Hair Repigmentation With Anti–PD-1 and Anti–PD-L1 Immunotherapy: A Novel Hypothesis
Authors: Deshan Frank Sebaratnam, Ana Isabel Rodríguez Bandera, Patricia Margaret Lowe
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2017)

To the Editor We read with great interest the article by Rivera and colleagues1 reporting on hair repigmentation in patients receiving immunotherapy with anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and anti–programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy.
Precursors of sudden coronary death. Factors related to the incidence of sudden death.
Authors: W BKannel, J TDoyle, P MMcNamara, PQuickenton, TGordon
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Precursors of sudden death were sought in men--1838 civil servants in Albany, New York, and 2282 residents of Framingham, Massachusetts--under continuous surveillance for 16 years. In men 45-74 years old there were 234 deaths attributed to coronary heart disease (CHD) of which 109 occurred within one hour of onset of symptoms. More than half of all deaths due to CHD occurred outside the hospital and about 80 per cent of these were sudden. Most were unheralded by prior symptoms of CHD. Persons at high risk of death from CHD, including sudden death, can be identified long before the terminal unexpected catastrophe. The same precursive stigmata exist in persons subject ot coronary attacks whether or not immediately fatal. The risk of sudden death in these two populations was positively correlated with high blood pressure, the electrocardiographic pattern of left ventricular enlargement, obesity, and heavy cigarette usage. Sudden death is a common and possibly incidental expression of lethal coronary heart di...
Suppression of silent ischemia by metoprolol without alteration of morning increase of platelet aggregability in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Authors: S NWillich, SPohjola-Sintonen, S JBhatia, T LShook, G HTofler, J EMuller, D GCurtis, G HWilliams, P HStone
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To determine the effect of metoprolol on silent ischemia and platelet aggregability, 10 patients with coronary artery disease were studied with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Patients were treated with metoprolol (200 mg b.i.d.) or placebo for 1 week and then received the alternate therapy. Two days before the end of each treatment period, platelet aggregability was studied for 24 hours, and a 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram was obtained. Compared with placebo, metoprolol significantly decreased the total number (from 26 to 4, p less than 0.1) and duration (from 735 to 84 minutes, p less than 0.01) of silent ischemic episodes. This decrease was accompanied by a decrease in the mean blood pressure (from 127/81 to 118/71 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) and the mean heart rate (from 70 to 54 beats/min, p less than 0.01). The incidence of silent ischemic episodes in the morning was significantly higher in untreated patients than in treated patients. The few episodes observed du...
Beyond Stamp Collecting: Evolutionary and Functional Genomics Advance Our Understanding of Cancer Biology
Authors: Joseph Lachance
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract In this issue of Cancer Research, Emami and colleagues leveraged genetic data from over 200,000 men of European descent to implicate rare alleles that are associated with prostate cancer. However, this study went beyond a simple description of statistical associations between genetic variants and cancer risk. Polygenic risk scores were applied to large cohorts from Kaiser Permanente and the UK Biobank, demonstrating the clinical utility of genetic predictors of disease risk. Furthermore, by placing their results in an evolutionary framework and integrating genetic information with functional data, the authors of this major study were able to bridge the gap between genome-wide association studies and the biological mechanisms underlying prostate cancer risk. See related article by Emami et al., 1695
Nifedipine potentiates cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in healthy humans. Direct evidence from microneurographic studies.
Authors: D WFerguson, D WHayes
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Nifedipine augments baroreflex mechanisms in in vivo animal models. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrate that nifedipine potentiates baroreflex control of heart rate and vascular resistance in normal human subjects. To further define the neuroeffector mechanism of the autonomic effects of nifedipine, we directly measured postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity to muscle (MSNA, microneurography), before and after drug administration, during selective unloading of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors with lower body negative pressure (-10 mm Hg, LBNP-10), and during the cold pressor test. Twenty-three normal subjects (age, 23 +/- 1 years; mean +/- SEM) were studied in the control state and 20 minutes after administration of either nifedipine (10 mg s.l., 10 subjects), during nitroprusside infusion (0.37 +/- 0.03 microgram/kg/min i.v., eight subjects), or 20 minutes after sublingual administration of placebo (five subjects). We measured systemic arterial pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate, an...
Measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction by mechanical cross-sectional echocardiography.
Authors: K WCarr, R LEngler, J RForsythe, A DJohnson, BGosink
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Cross-sectional echocardiography is a new noninvasive technique for imaging the heart. We developed a method for using mechanical cross-sectional echocardiograms (sector scans) to determine left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction. Using left ventricular cineangiography as a standard, sector scan ejection fraction correlated better (r = 0.93) than M-mode echocardiography by any of three established methods, and the sector scan regression line did not differ from the line of identity (p greater than 0.33). Interobserver variability for sector scan ejection fraction was 2.3 +/- 1.2% (mean +/- SD). Variation between two studies performed within 24 hours and analyzed by the same observer was 1.4 +/- 1.5%. However, the sector scans consistently underestimated left ventricular end-diastolic volume. We conclude that sector scan echocardiography is more reliable than conventional M-mode technique for estimating left ventricular ejection fraction, but estimation of left ventricular end-diastolic volume is un...
Reply to: NGS library preparation may generate artifactual integration sites of AAV vectors
Authors: Christine Kaeppel, Stuart G Beattie, Raffaele Fronza, Richard van Logtenstein, Florence Salmon, Sabine Schmidt, Stephan Wolf, Ali Nowrouzi, Hanno Glimm, Christof von Kalle, Harald Petry, Daniel Gaudet, Manfred Schmidt
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)