tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cardiovascular homeostasis in normal human subjects.
Authors: JSancho, RRe, JBurton, A CBarger, EHaber
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To examine the role of angiotensin II in the maintenance of blood pressure and the control of aldosterone secretion in man, eight normal subjects were studied on a tilt table in sodium replete and sodium depleted states prior to and subsequent to the intravenous infusion of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI). In both the sodium replete or sodium depleted state, upright tilting resulted in an increase in heart rate and a narrowing of pulse pressure. None of the sodium replete or depleted subjects fainted. Tilting was accompanied by a rise in plasma renin activity with an associated rise in plasma aldosterone concentration. When converting enzyme inhibitor was administered, which blocked the generation of angiotensin II, sodium replete subjects were able to compensate for an upright tilt, despite the absence of angiotensin II, without significant hemodynamic change when compared to control state. In sodium depleted subjects, after the administration of converting enzyme inhibitor, there was a ...
Platelet tyrosine kinases and fibrinogen receptor activation.
Authors: M IFurman, DGrigoryev, P FBray, K RDise, P JGoldschmidt-Clermont
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Platelet adhesion and aggregation during hemostasis and thrombosis are usually limited to sites where the integrity of the vessel wall is disrupted. The high concentration of platelet agonists within these sites represents a putative control mechanism for targeting platelet activation. Although much has been learned about the intracellular signaling systems controlling platelet activation, our understanding of the connection between signaling molecules and platelet aggregation remains limited. Tyrosine kinases are important signaling enzymes in cells and are abundant in platelets. Previous reports indicate that binding of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa) to fibrinogen can induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of specific substrates. We show that, in turn, protein tyrosine kinase activity is necessary for agonist-induced activation of GPIIb-IIIa. Genistein and the tyrphostin AG-18 are two specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and the former has been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation. We use genistein an...
IPMN Presenting as a Pancreatic Mass
Authors: K Rais, A Tayimi, N El Moutaoukil, A El mekkaoui, G Kharasse, A Zazour, W Khannoussi, MZ Ismaili
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

72yo woman, presented with epigastric pain and massive weight loss in the last 2 years. Liver tests and CA 19-9 were normal. she was referred with CT scan showing cephalic pancreatic mass. MRCP and EUS found dilatation of MPD up of 26mm with heterogeneous content. EUS showed dilatation of the MPD without thickening of the wall, neither doppler signal or calcifications. The diagnosis of MD IPMN was established. Duodenoscopy confirmed the diagnosis showing “fish mouth” aspect. Patient was not fit for surgery. Management was based on nutritional support, pancreatic enzyme supplementation and pain treatment. Surveillance was accepted by the patient.
The role of nitric oxide in endothelium-dependent vasodilation of hypercholesterolemic patients.
Authors: P RCasino, C MKilcoyne, A AQuyyumi, J MHoeg, J APanza
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDPatients with hypercholesterolemia have a reduced response to endothelium-dependent vasodilators. However, the regulatory function of the endothelium on vascular tone is mediated through the release of several vasoactive substances; therefore, a reduced response to endothelium-dependent agents does not identify which of the factors released by the endothelium is involved in this abnormality.METHODS AND RESULTSTo investigate the role of nitric oxide in the endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemia, we studied the effect of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, on basal vascular tone and on the responses to acetylcholine, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and to sodium nitroprusside, a direct smooth muscle dilator. The study included 33 hypercholesterolemic patients (17 men; 51 +/- 8 years; plasma cholesterol, > or = 240 mg/dL) and 23 normal controls (12 men; 48 +/- 7 years; plasma cholesterol, < 210 mg/dL). Drugs were infused i...
Stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase by an acetylcholine-induced endothelium-derived factor from rabbit and canine arteries.
Authors: UFörstermann, AMülsch, EBöhme, RBusse
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that, during acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, a factor(s) is released from endothelial cells which directly activates soluble guanylate cyclase. We attempted to determine what similarities or differences existed between this factor and endothelium-derived relaxing factor. The study was performed on segments of rabbit aorta and canine femoral artery. Purified soluble guanylate cyclase was injected into the lumen of these vascular segments, together with its substrate, for intraluminal incubation of the enzyme. In endothelium-intact vascular segments, the activity of guanylate cyclase was enhanced over control values obtained by incubation in test tubes. The stimulation was further increased by acetylcholine in concentrations which caused relaxation of the vascular segments. The stimulating principle could not be transferred from the vessel lumen to an external solution of guanylate cyclase, indicating a short life-time. Rem...
Reduction of ischemic K+ loss and arrhythmias in rat hearts. Effect of glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea.
Authors: P FKantor, W ACoetzee, E ECarmeliet, S CDennis, L HOpie
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Glibenclamide, one of the antidiabetic sulfonylureas, is known to block ATP-dependent K+ channels. We used this drug to determine to what extent K+ loss from acutely ischemic myocardium is mediated via these channels. We also investigated whether glibenclamide would influence ischemic arrhythmias. Isolated rat hearts rendered globally ischemic showed no correlation between early lactate and K+ efflux rates. Cumulative K+ loss during 11 minutes of global ischemia (0.5 ml min-1 g-1) was reduced, from 3.2 +/- 0.3 to 2.5 +/- 0.1 mueq/g (p less than 0.025) by 1 microM glibenclamide and from 3.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 mueq/g (p less than 0.005) by 10 microM glibenclamide, while lactate efflux was unaltered by the drug. Glibenclamide also exhibited potent antifibrillatory activity, abolishing irreversible ventricular fibrillation during regional ischemia (0/6 vs. 5/6 controls; p less than 0.02) and during global ischemia (0/7 vs. 9/9 controls; p less than 0.01). Heart rate, coronary flow rate, peak systolic pres...
Ionic basis and analytical solution of the wenckebach phenomenon in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.
Authors: MDelmar, LGlass, D CMichaels, JJalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The ionic mechanisms of slow recovery of cardiac excitability and rate-dependent activation failure were studied in single, enzymatically dissociated guinea pig ventricular myocytes and in computer simulations using a modified version of the Beeler and Reuter model for the ventricular cell. On the basis of our results, we developed a simplified analytical model for recovery of cell excitability during diastole. This model was based on the equations for current distribution in a resistive-capacitive circuit. A critical assumption in the model is that, in the voltage domain of the subthreshold responses, the sodium and calcium inward currents do not play a significant role, and only the two potassium outward currents, the delayed rectifier (IK) and the inward rectifier, are operative. The appropriate parameters needed to numerically solve the analytical model were measured in the guinea pig ventricular myocyte, as well as in the Beeler and Reuter cell. The curves of recovery of excitability and the rate-dep...
Coronary atherectomy. Clinical, angiographic, and histological findings and observations regarding potential mechanisms.
Authors: R DSafian, J SGelbfish, R EErny, S JSchnitt, D ASchmidt, D SBaim
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Between August 5, 1988 and August 1, 1989, we attempted percutaneous directional coronary atherectomy of 76 lesions, including 42 primary lesions and 34 restenosis lesions that developed after one or more prior interventions. The procedure was successful in 67 lesions (88%), with a decrease in diameter stenosis from 80 +/- 11% to 5 +/- 15% after atherectomy (p less than 0.01). One or more complications occurred in six patients (9%), including non-Q wave myocardial infarction (three patients, 4.5%), femoral arterial injury requiring surgical repair (two patients, 3%), and proximal dissection leading to emergency bypass surgery (one patient, 1.5%). Despite these favorable acute results, the 6-month lesion restenosis rate was 30% by life-table analysis. Light microscopy of retrieved tissue revealed atherosclerotic plaque in 94%, media in 67%, and adventitia in 27%. Intimal proliferation was present in 97% of the restenosis lesions but was also evident in 33% of primary lesions. Tissue weight from 27 lesions ...
Comparative Evaluation of CD34+/CD33+/CD3+/CD19+ Microparticles in Peripheral Blood of Patients during Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Angeliki Xagorari, Michail Iskas, Dimitris Bougiouklis, Efthimia Apostolidou, Giorgos Karavalakis, Vasiliki Kalaitzidou, Despina Mallouri, Ioanna Sakellari, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, Damianos Sotiropoulos
Journal: Blood (2017)
Cytochrome P-450-dependent vasodilator responses to arachidonic acid in the isolated, perfused kidney of the rat.
Authors: A OOyekan, J CMcGiff, JQuilley
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Pretreatment of phenylephrine (0.5 microM)-preconstricted, isolated perfused kidneys of the male rat with indomethacin (2.8 microM) or BM 13.177 (20 microM) abolished the vasoconstrictor response to arachidonic acid (AA), uncovering a vasodilator response. BW 755C (25 microM), a dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor, did not modify the vasodilator effect of AA, whereas 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (10 microM), which blocks all pathways of AA metabolism, abolished AA-induced vasodilation, thus suggesting the involvement of nonlipoxygenase AA metabolites. Clotrimazole (0.7 microM) and 7-ethoxyresorufin (1 microM), both considered to be specific inhibitors of the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase enzymes, inhibited the vasodilator effect, suggesting that AA-induced renal vasodilation is mediated by one or more cytochrome P-450-derived AA metabolites. None of these interventions affected the vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (100 ng) and nitroprusside (1 microgram). Denudation of the endothelium wit...
Great vessel, cardiac chamber, and wall growth patterns in normal children.
Authors: M LEpstein, S JGoldberg, H DAllen, LKonecke, JWood
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The purpose of this study was to establish normal echocardiographic measurements of valvular motion, cavity dimensions, great vessel diameters, and right, left and septal wall thicknesses of children ranging in size from infants to full growth. The study group was composed of 205 normal, healthy children for whom echocardiograms and subsequent measurements were performed in a standardized manner. The following measurements were performed: left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimension, right ventricular end-diastolic cavity dimension, right ventricular end-diastolic anterior wall thickness, left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness, ventricular septal end-diastolic thickness, maximal left atrail dimension, end-diastolic aortic and pulmonary artery diameter, end-diastolic cardiac and septal depth, maximal aortic leaflet separation, and maximal anterior mitral and anterior tricupsid amplitude. Data are grouped into the fifth, fiftieth, and ninety-fifty percentiles according to body ...
American Handbook of Psychiatry
Authors: Paul G. Myerson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Dr Silvano Arieti, the editor-inchief of The  Handbook of Psychiatry , now in its second edition, has sought  present  the reputable schools of thought and therapeutic approaches from which students and professionals would have  choose and pave their own ways either towards eclecticism, plurality, or a given orientation. Completeness has been preferred  simplification, representation of contrasting views  uniformity and attempts towards consistency. The adjective American in the title reflects the tendency characterizing most psychiatrists in the United States, to listen to, try out, and evaluate all theories and methodologies and techniques, and  absorb and find a place for all or many of them.  He has been very successful in this undertaking. The six volumes, each edited by a separate editor or editors of great distinction, offer a balanced view of the evolving, confusing, yet exciting state of modern psychiatry. The authors are scholars who
Anoxia-induced release of prostaglandins in rabbit isolated hearts.
Authors: A JBlock, HFeinberg, KHerbaczynska-Cedro, J RVane
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

We investigated the relationship between prostaglandin release and the coronary vasodilation evoked by anoxia. Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused via the aorta with Krebs-Ringer's solution. The coronary effluent was bioassayed continuously in terms of prostaglandin E2 for prostaglandinlike substance which was present (at less than 1 ng/ml) in 60 of 66 hearts. This basal release was abolished by the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin (1-2 mug/ml), a result which adds further to the identity of the prostaglandinlike substance as a prostaglandin. Anoxia increased coronary flow sometimes by 100% and evoked prostaglandin release shortly thereafter. Ablolition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin pretreatment did not affect nor did infusion of exogenous prostaglandin mimic the anoxia-induced flow increment; thus, we conclude that prostaglandin release cannot account for the anoxia-induced vasodilator response. Furthermore, the failure of indomethacin to alter resting coronary blood flow su...
Left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations in rats with healed myocardial infarction. Effects on systolic function.
Authors: P JFletcher, J MPfeffer, M APfeffer, EBraunwald
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

To determine the effects of healed myocardial infarction on the diastolic compliance of the left ventricle, we studied 36 rats 26 days after left coronary artery ligation. Peak cardiac output and stroke volume were measured under ether anesthesia during volume loading, and peak left ventricular developed pressure was determined during occlusion of the ascending aorta. During a slow infusion of saline into the potassium-arrested left ventricle, diastolic pressure and volume were measured continuously over the pressure range -5 to 30 mm Hg. Infarct size was determined by planimetry of serial sections taken from each heart at 1-mm intervals from apex to base. In rats with healed infarcts, left ventricular volume was increased in proportion to infarct size and the diastolic pressure-volume relationship was shifted so that at pressures below 2.5 mm Hg volume was increased, resulting in an increased ventricular compliance in this low pressure range. Above this pressure, the slopes of the pressure-volume curves ...
Alcohol Consumption and Mortality among Women
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Background. Studies in men suggest that light-to-moderate alcohol intake is associated with a re- duction in overall mortality, due primarily to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Among women with similar lev- els of alcohol consumption, an increased risk of breast cancer has been noted that complicates the balance of risks and benefits. Methods. We conducted a prospective study among 85,709 women, 34 to 59 years of age and without a his- tory of myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, or cancer, who completed a dietary questionnaire in 1980. During the 12-year follow-up period, 2658 deaths were docu- mented. Results. The relative risks of death in drinkers as com- pared with nondrinkers were 0.83 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.93) for women who consumed 1.5 to 4.9 g of alcohol per day (one to three drinks per week), 0.88 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.80 to 0.98) for those who consumed 5.0 to 29.9 g per day, and 1.19 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.38) for those who consumed 30 g or more per day, after adjustment for other predictors of mortality. Light-to-moderate drinking (1.5 to 29.9 g per day) was associated with a decreased risk of death from cardiovascular disease; heavier drinking was associated with an increased risk of death from other causes, particularly breast cancer and cirrhosis. The ben- efit associated with light-to-moderate drinking was most apparent among women with risk factors for coronary heart disease and those 50 years of age or older. Conclusions. Among women, light-to-moderate alco- hol consumption is associated with a reduced mortality rate, but this apparent survival benefit appears largely confined to women at greater risk for coronary heart dis- ease. (N Engl J Med 1995;332:1245-50.)
Increasing Incidence of Multiply Recurrent <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection
Authors: Gene K. Ma, James D. Lewis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Letters20 February 2018Increasing Incidence of Multiply Recurrent Clostridium difficile InfectionGene K. Ma, MD and James D. Lewis, MD, MSCEGene K. Ma, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.K.M., J.D.L.)Search for more papers by this author and James D. Lewis, MD, MSCEUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.K.M., J.D.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L17-0602 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Dr. Wilcox that a limitation of the database used in this study is that it does not provide information on how the diagnosis of CDI was established or on trends in use of different diagnostic tests (that is, enzyme immunoassay testing vs. NAAT). Although we are unable to confirm whether each case represents an actual diagnosis of mrCDI, the study highlights that the proportion of patients who are treated for this condition is increasing. If the apparent increase in mrCDI were mostly due to misdiagnosis resulting from the introduction of NAAT, one would expect it ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.K.M., J.D.L.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M16-2733. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIncreasing Incidence of Multiply Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in the United States Gene K. Ma , Colleen M. Brensinger , Qufei Wu , and James D. Lewis Increasing Incidence of Multiply Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection Jodie A. Barkin , Neil Stollman , and Jamie S. Barkin Increasing Incidence of Multiply Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection Mark Wilcox Metrics Cited bySafety of fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridioides difficile infection focusing on pathobionts and SARS-CoV-2Multi-omic Analysis of the Interaction between Clostridioides difficile Infection and Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease 20 February 2018Volume 168, Issue 4Page: 308KeywordsAlgorithmsAntimicrobial resistanceClostridium infectionsDatabasesDisclosureDrugsEnzyme immunoassayPatients ePublished: 20 February 2018 Issue Published: 20 February 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2018 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
False positive diagnostic tests and coronary angiographic findings in 105 presumably healthy males.
Authors: JErikssen, IEnge, KForfang, OStorstein
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Among 2014 presumably healthy males aged 40-59 years coronary heart disease (CHD) was suggested in 115 in the presence of one or more of the following criteria: 1) a WHO-questionnaire on angina pectoris positive on interview, 2) typical angina during a near maximal bicycle exercise test, 3) a positive exercise ECG during and/or post exercise, 4) a Minnesota Code 1.1 on a resting ECG. Diagnostic coronary angiography was offered to all 115 CHD-suspect cases. Six refused angiography and four others were excluded. Of the remaining 105, thirty-six had less than 50% obstruction of any major coronary artery (34.3%). Eighteen (17.1%) had single, 25 (23.8%) had double and 26 (24.8%) had triple vessel disease. In 62 of the 69 with pathologic angiograms at least one obstruction greater than or equal to 75% was found. Eighty percent of the cases with proven CHD were greater than or equal to 50 years. All CHD-suggestive criteria had approximately the same diagnostic performance regardless of age, i.e., approximately o...
Lipids and other risk factors selected by discriminant analysis in symptomatic patients with supra-aortic and peripheral atherosclerosis.
Authors: G BVigna, MBolzan, FRomagnoni, GValerio, EVitale, GZuliani, RFellin
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDDifferent patterns of risk factors might be related to the involvement of specific vascular districts by atherosclerosis. In this sense, many investigations have addressed coronary artery disease, whereas extracoronary atherosclerosis has received less extensive attention.METHODS AND RESULTSVascular risk factors, with particular attention to lipid parameters (total cholesterol [TC]; triglycerides; high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol [HDL2-C, HDL3-C]), were evaluated by means of univariate and multivariate (discriminant) analysis in a group of 169 patients (128 men and 41 women; mean ages, 58 +/- 7 and 62 +/- 7 years, respectively) with clinically and angiographically demonstrated atherosclerosis of the supra-aortic trunk and/or lower limbs. Patients with coronary artery disease were excluded from this study. The control group consisted of 140 age- and sex-matched individuals. By univariate analysis, smoking was more closely associated with peripheral atheroscl...
Voltage-dependent block of calcium channel current in the calf cardiac Purkinje fiber by dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists.
Authors: M CSanguinetti, R SKass
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

We have investigated the mechanisms of blockade of calcium channel current by the dihydropyridines, e.g. nisoldipine, nitrendipine, and nicardipine. Membrane current was recorded in isolated calf Purkinje fibers using a two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique, and voltage protocols were designed to identify voltage- and use-dependent block by these compounds systematically. Our results show that calcium channel blockade by dihydropyridine derivatives is strongly modulated by membrane potential. Block is more pronounced when current is measured from depolarized holding potentials, but in contrast to verapamil, this voltage-dependent block occurs in the absence of repetitive depolarizations. Use-dependent block by dihydropyridines is observed at pulse frequencies greater than 1 Hz. Our results suggest that dihydropyridines bind preferentially to the inactivated state of the calcium channel, and that the development of use-dependent block is related to the ionization constants of the compounds. Furthermor...