tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED TRACHELORRHAPHY.
Authors: AUGUSTIN H. GOELET
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The benefit afforded by properly performed trachelorrhaphy in appropriate cases is very generally admitted, and though the operation may be applied unnecessarily by some and may be performed incorrectly by others, upon the whole it has perhaps been productive of more good than any other operation in gynecologic surgery. The difficulty in those cases which do not yield satisfactory results lies usually in not removing a sufficient amount of the diseased tissue of the cervix, or in removing too much on the outer or vaginal margin and not enough on the inner margin or that next the canal, thus leaving a wedge of tissue which prevents proper coaptation of the flaps and puts too much strain on the sutures. This is partly because the denudation is done with scissors, which can seldom be made to cut through such dense tissue where it is desired to cut. They invariably slip, and
PROMising developments in IPF patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: Claire M. Nolan, Surinder S. Birring
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>PROMs have an important role in the assessment of people with IPF. The studies published in this issue provide two promising instruments that, following complete psychometric evaluation, could easily be used in the clinic setting.</b>https://bit.ly/3hirlvY
Colorectal cancer screening results in the regions of Kazakhstan with different levels of cancer prevalence.
Authors: Dilyara Kaidarova, Abay Jumanov, Alma Zhylkaidarova, Dinara Shayakhmetova
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

62 Background: In Kazakhstan colorectal cancer (CRC) occupies the third position in the structure of total oncological incidence and mortality. Kazakhstan is a country with a large territory, with different geographical, industrial characteristics and dietary habits of the population. So CRC prevalence levels vary from region to region: in 2013 the highest regional incidence rate is 6 times higher than the lowest. CRC population screening among men and women aged 50-70 years was started in 2011 in Kazakhstan. Methods: Within 10 years of the screening, 9 532 927 men and women were examined, 3419 CRC cases were detected. Coverage of target population ranged from 78.4% in 2012 to 53.1% in 2020. The analysis of screening indicators was carried out: cancer detection rate, the proportion of 0-1 stages, the ratio to the underlying incidence, the relationship with the dynamics of CRC incidence and mortality. According to the incidence rate in 2011-2020 regions of the country are conditionally divided into three groups: group A – high level (31.04-23.5 per 100 thousand population), group B – medium level (20.5-15.0%ooo), C - low level (11.6- 8.1%ooo). Results: The average annual CRC detection rate for 10 years of screening was 0.4% (4 cancer cases per 1000 examined), in groups A - 0.5%, B - 0.4% and C - 0.3%. The detection ratio of stage 0-I was 0.08%: in groups A - 0.10%, B - 0.09% and C - 0.05%. The average annual incidence rates were in groups A - 27.2 per 100 thousand population, B - 18.7%ooo and C - 9.8%ooo. During time of g-FOBT applying (2011-2013), the average annual incidence rates in the groups were in groups: A - 25.8%ooo, B - 16.4%ooo, C - 8.2%ooo. During time of using FIT (i-FOBT, 2014-2020), the average annual incidence rates increased to 27.0%ooo, 20.0%ooo and 9.9%ooo respectively. The greatest increase in the incidence was noted in groups B and C (22.7% and 22.2%), the smallest in group A (4.7%). Screening increased the CRC incidence from 15.5%ooo in 2011 to 16.5%ooo in 2020 and reduced mortality from 9.3%ooo (2011) to 8.0%ooo (2020). Conclusions: Screening increased the incidence (6.5%) and decreased the mortality from CRC (14%) for 10 years in Kazakhstan. There is a particularly significant effect of screening on the growth of some indicators (incidence and mortality rates, cancer detection rate and early cancer detection) in regions with a low CRC prevalence.
Erratum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

“ME491 Melanoma-Associated Glycoprotein Family: Antigenic Identity of ME491, NK1/C-3, Neuroglandular Antigen (NGA), and CD63 Proteins, ” by D. J. Demetrick, D. Herlyn, M. Tretiak, et al. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84:422–429, 1992 (issue 6)]. Page 428, column 2, contains the following sentence: “Examination of the protein sequence does not reveal any known protein kinase phosphorylation motifs.” The authors wish to replace this sentence with “Examination of the protein sequence utilizing the PROSITE 8 database reveals three potential casein kinase II and one potential protein kinase C phosphorylation motifs.”
Активность адипокинов и воспаления в развитии эзофагита у больных гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью с избыточной массой тела
Authors: G.D. Fadeуenko, T.A. Solomentseva, I.E. Kushnir, V.M. Chernova
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

Цель работы — изучить роль адипокинов (лептин, адипонектин) и маркеров воспаления в развитии гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни (ГЭРБ) при ожирении. В исследование были включены 92 пациента, из них 48 пациентов с ГЭРБ и 44 — с ожирением. Концентрация лептина была значительно выше у больных с ожирением по сравнению с пациентами с ГЭРБ. Рост ИМТ у больных ГЭРБ провоцирует развитие эзофагитов более высоких градаций. Изменения слизистой оболочки пищевода у больных ГЭРБ на фоне ожирения сопровождаются повышением уровня С-реактивного белка в сыворотке крови. Тяжелая эрозивная форма рефлюксной болезни у пациентов с избыточной массой тела характеризуется более выраженными изменениями со стороны адипоцитарных гормонов и С-реактивного белка.
Book reviews
Journal: Allergy (1988)

Nadel, J. A., Pauwels, R. &amp; Snashall, P. D. (eds.): Bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Blackwell Scientific Publications Schaeffer, M., Sisk, C. &amp; Brede, H. D. (eds.): Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. 4th International Paul‐Ehrlich‐Seminar
Unreported Research Funding in: Exhaled Carbon Monoxide With Waterpipe Use in US Students
Authors: Steven Woolf
Journal: JAMA (2008)

conduct such studies are likely to assume that their work falls under this category.Conversely, public health and health services researchers might be confused to see the term applied to their work.Furthermore, using "clinical" in both terms perpetuates the tendency of the medical profession to view health research through the clinician's lens alone.Fiscella et al do include "organizational-and communityfocused" research within their definition of applied clinical research, but labeling health interventions outside the clinic as "clinical" research may be a forced fit.Pros and cons exist with other potential terms such as translation-the term discussed by Dr Graham and Ms Tetroe-but all of them are an improvement over the ambiguity of T2.Graham and Tetroe call attention to the excellent work of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.Canadian investigators and institutions have played a leadership role not only in writing about the need for researchers to align their work with the information needs of end users 1 but also in making real commitments in programs and funding to facilitate T2 as a nation. 2The United States would do well to follow the Canadian example.T1 is among a group of clinical research movements that are attracting attention and resources but are ultimately unhelpful to patients without T2.Recently, politicians and industry have announced plans to channel millions of dollars per year into research on "comparative effectiveness" 3 and "personalized medicine" 4 while keeping funding for health services research threadbare. 5 Popular research initiatives address worthy questions: whether a treatment can be produced (T1), whether it improves health (evidence-based medicine), which treatment is best (comparative effectiveness), and which is best for an individual patient (personalized medicine).But the answers remain academic if the patient cannot obtain or use the intervention.Overcoming such obstacles so that the products of research benefit all those in need is itself a crucial research priority.
Machine learning algorithms for predicting direct‐acting antiviral treatment failure in chronic hepatitis C: An HCV‐TARGET analysis
Authors: Haesuk Park, Wei‐Hsuan Lo‐Ciganic, James Huang, Yonghui Wu, Linda Henry, Joy Peter, Mark Sulkowski, David R. Nelson
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract Background and Aims We aimed to develop and validate machine learning algorithms to predict direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment failure among patients with HCV infection. Approach and Results We used HCV‐TARGET registry data to identify HCV‐infected adults receiving all‐oral DAA treatment and having virologic outcome. Potential pretreatment predictors ( n = 179) included sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and virologic data. We applied multivariable logistic regression as well as elastic net, random forest, gradient boosting machine (GBM), and feedforward neural network machine learning algorithms to predict DAA treatment failure. Training ( n = 4894) and validation ( n = 1631) patient samples had similar sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (mean age, 57 years; 60% male; 66% White; 36% with cirrhosis). Of 6525 HCV‐infected adults, 95.3% achieved sustained virologic response, whereas 4.7% experienced DAA treatment failure. In the validation sample, machine learning approaches performed similarly in predicting DAA treatment failure (C statistic [95% CI]: GBM, 0.69 [0.64–0.74]; random forest, 0.68 [0.63–0.73]; feedforward neural network, 0.66 [0.60–0.71]; elastic net, 0.64 [0.59–0.70]), and all four outperformed multivariable logistic regression (0.51 [0.46–0.57]). Using the Youden index to identify the balanced risk score threshold, GBM had 66.2% sensitivity and 65.1% specificity, and 12 individuals were needed to evaluate to identify 1 DAA treatment failure. Over 55% of patients with treatment failure were classified by the GBM in the top three risk decile subgroups (positive predictive value: 6%–14%). The top 10 GBM‐identified predictors included albumin, liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase), total bilirubin levels, sex, HCV viral loads, sodium level, HCC, platelet levels, and tobacco use. Conclusions Machine learning algorithms performed effectively for risk prediction and stratification of DAA treatment failure.
Potential role of neurofilament in COVID-19 and preeclampsia
Authors: Athina Samara, Eric Herlenius, Patrick O’ Brien, Asma Khalil
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

Neurofilament light (NFL) is a promising circulating biomarker in preeclampsia and COVID-19, even without evident neurological complications. Several pathways might contribute to the elevated serum NFL levels seen in both pathologies. Future studies will determine whether NFL is a long COVID marker and delineate NFL's role in COVID-19-associated preeclampsia.
QALYs: their ethical implications
Authors: Robert Whang, Kenneth W. Ryder
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Drs Gayed, Roberts, and Brett for their interest in our report. Our study was designed to assess the effectiveness of physician-initiated requests vs routine determination in identifying patients with abnormal serum magnesium concentrations. Clinical correlation, although desirable, was beyond the scope of this study. It is important to note that clinical perturbation in serum magnesium can have serious implications in patient management. Refractory hypotension, respiratory arrest, and mental obtundation progressing to coma have been associated with hypermagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia can result in neurological symptoms and serious cardiac arrhythmias. How many hospitalized patients today suffer from the consequences of clinically unrecognized hypermagnesemia and hypomagnesemia remains to be determined. In our opinion, there is an analogy between serum potassium and magnesium. Most clinicians do not wait for hypokalemia to become symptomatic before treating. To wait until magnesium depletion becomes symptomatic before treating may not be in the best
Cancellation of the National Symposium on Head and Neck Cancer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Cancellation of the National Symposium on Head and Neck Cancer JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 3, September 1977, Page 1035, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.3.1035 Published: 01 September 1977
Multiphasic screening: panacea or diagnostic nightmare?
Authors: A. M. Ring
Journal: JAMA (1985)

From its inception, multiphasic screening captured the imagination of the medical profession. Glowing articles depicted the vast amounts of unsuspected disease that could be diagnosed early, often in preclinical stages, with dramatic declines in the need for hospitalization and tremendous cost savings. Unfortunately, the early enthusiasm was clearly overstated. Multiphasic screening turned out to be a mixed blessing. Elsewhere in this issue,<sup>1</sup>Donald M. Berwick discusses screening in health fairs, a most appropriate topic at a time of focus on the burgeoning costs of medical care. Berwick states that in 1984, "health fairs across the nation performed 1.5 million measurements of height and weight, 300,000 tests for glaucoma, 200,000 hearing screens, and nearly 20 million blood chemistry tests." Health fairs thus have substantial potential to aid (or hurt) patients and to support (or diminish) physicians' efforts and thereby impact medical costs. In a large sample of participants in health
Genital Herpes--Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow
Authors: T. Becker
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1985)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Francis Rynd (1801-1861)
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Psychology
Authors: R. Dunn
Journal: BMJ (1862)

have so fully explained the object of the Committee on the Action of Medicines, and so ably pointed out the manner in which the labours of our two thousand associates may be rendered of incalculable service to the advancement of rational medicine, that little re- mains for me to do beyond the mere calling atten.tion tA t.he AnnAesed schePdule.It will be remembered that this inquiry is "on the action of mercurials, benzoic acid, and podo- phyllin, in jaundice".Now, as jaundice cannot be regarded as a disease per se, but must be looked upon simply as the most prominent symptom of various morbid conditions, in filling up the schedule it will be necessary to state, as nearly as possible, the cause of the jaundice.Thus, for example, special care should be taken to note- 1.If it originate in some diseased condition of the liver itself, such as inflammation, cancer, or cir- rhosis.2. If the jaundice arise from some obstruction to the flow of bile into the intestines, as occurs when the common gall-duct is obstructed in its course by a gall-stone, or at its outlet by a tumour of the pan- creas.
Implementing HPV Vaccinations At A Young Age is Significant For Vaccine Effectiveness
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

Implementing HPV Vaccinations At A Young Age is Significant For Vaccine EffectivenessInitial vaccinations for human papillomavirus (HPV) at a young age is important for maximizing quadrivalent HPV vaccine effectiveness according to a Swedish study published March 13 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.HPV vaccination programs have been launched around the world in hopes of preventing cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers.While incidence of genital warts is the earliest possible disease outcome to measure the efficacy of the HPV vaccine, the results of such efficacy trials may not be fully generalizable to real-life HPV vaccination programs.Furthermore, incidence of genital warts after on-demand vaccination with quadrivalent HPV vaccine using individual-level data remains unknown.In order to determine the effectiveness of HPV vaccines at various vaccination ages, Amy Leval, Ph.D., R.N., of the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden and colleagues, looked at the cohort of all females ages 10 to 44 years living in Sweden between 2006-2010 who were linked to multiple population registers to identify genital warts incidence in relation to HPV vaccination.Incidence rate ratios of genital warts were estimated using time-to-event analyses with adjustment for attained age and parental education level, stratified by age at first vaccination.
Impact of final coronary flow velocity reserve on late outcome following stent implantation Takahiro Nishida, Carlo Di Mario, Morton J. Kern, Todd J. Anderson, Issam Moussa, Raoul Bonan, Toshiya Muramatsu, Abnash Chander Jain, Jos� Suarez de Lezo, Seung Yun Cho, Ian T. Meredith, Jeffrey W. Moses, Antonio Colombo. Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
BERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Natural Asepsis.
Authors: J. F. Stong
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Socorro, N. M., Dec. 15, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —One day last summer I was called to see a country maiden lady, 40 years of age, who had six weeks before, while walking in the barn-lot. stepped on a thorn, which ran through her shoe and into her foot, entering between the metatarso-phalangeal joints of two of the toes. It was poulticed with home-made mixtures for a few days and healed without the slightest suppuration. Four weeks after this a small, hard tumor appeared on top of the foot, pain was also noticed when patient put the foot to the floor. I made a small incision over the tumor and on slight pressure, the thorn came out. Not the slightest indication of pus. Wound of knife healed primarily. The patient then stated, and her reputation for truth is beyond question, that there had never been a drop of pus form
Caring for the Poor
Authors: Oscar W. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1993)

DESPITE the fact that the United States is one of the most affluent countries in the world, a significant portion of its citizens have inadequate access to medical care.<sup>1,2</sup>While the barriers to obtaining health care are numerous, perhaps the most difficult hurdle to overcome is the lack of financial resources to pay for it. Although there appears to be a growing consensus that all people should receive basic health care, there is little agreement on how to achieve or finance this goal or even how to define it.<sup>3</sup> This report examines the individual medical practitioner's ethical obligation to treat the poor. Because much of the recent attention has focused on broader societal obligations and systematic reform, the role of the individual has been overshadowed. The American Medical Association (AMA) has long recognized an ethical obligation of physicians to assume some individual responsibility for making health care available