tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 417: Role of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)-targeted immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shaohua Li, Jie Mei, Qiaoxuan Wang, Wei Wei, Lianghe Lu, Jingwen Zou, Rongce Zhao, Zhixing Guo, Yihong Ling, Yuhua Wen, Wenping Lin, Lie Zheng, Minshan Chen, Rongping Guo
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Background: Anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy has shown promising outcomes in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). In practice anti-PD-1 drugs were mostly a part of combination therapy, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PD-1 inhibitors in combination therapies for HCC patients through real-world data. Methods: Between January 2018 and December 2019, patients with HCC who received anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were screened for eligibility. The primary efficacy endpoints included tumor response rate, overall survival(OS), and progression-free survival(PFS). Safety was assessed by immune-related adverse events (iAEs). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identified the risk factors of prognosis. Result: A total of 322 patients were included in our study. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was combined with locoregional interventional approaches (62.1%) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors TKIs (66.5%). The 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-month OS rate were 97.1%, 90.5%, 72.9%, and 57.3%, respectively. The 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-month PFS rate were 82.3%, 66.5%, 42.1%, and 30.3%, respectively. Overally, objective response rate (ORR) was 38.5%, and disease control rate (DCR) was 83.9%. The total rate of grade 3-4 treatment-related AEs was 5.9%, and laboratory-related AEs was 8.7%. Conclusion: PD-1-targeted immunotherapy as a part of a combination therapy, was a safe and effective treatment for intermediate and advanced HCC. Citation Format: Shaohua Li, Jie Mei, Qiaoxuan Wang, Wei Wei, Lianghe Lu, Jingwen Zou, Rongce Zhao, Zhixing Guo, Yihong Ling, Yuhua Wen, Wenping Lin, Lie Zheng, Minshan Chen, Rongping Guo. Role of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)-targeted immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 417.
Prevalence of syphilis among men who have sex with men: a global systematic review and meta-analysis from 2000–20
Authors: Motoyuki Tsuboi, Jayne Evans, Ella P Davies, Jane Rowley, Eline L Korenromp, Tim Clayton, Melanie M Taylor, David Mabey, R Matthew Chico
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

BackgroundThe WHO Global Health Sector Strategy aims to reduce worldwide syphilis incidence by 90% between 2018 and 2030. If this goal is to be achieved, interventions that target high-burden groups, including men who have sex with men (MSM), will be required. However, there are no global prevalence estimates of syphilis among MSM to serve as a baseline for monitoring or modelling disease burden. We aimed to assess the global prevalence of syphilis among MSM using the available literature.MethodsIn this global systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and AIM databases, and Integrated Bio-Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) reports between April 23, 2019, and Feb 1, 2020, to identify studies done between Jan 1, 2000, and Feb 1, 2020, with syphilis point prevalence data measured by biological assay among MSM (defined as people who were assigned as male at birth and had oral or anal sex with at least one other man in their lifetime). Studies were excluded if participants were exclusively HIV-infected MSM, injection-drug users, only seeking care for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or genital symptoms, or routine STI clinic attendees. Data were extracted onto standardised forms and cross-checked for accuracy and validity. We used random-effects models to generate pooled prevalence estimates across the eight regions of the Sustainable Development Goals. We calculated risk of study bias based on the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies, and stratified results based on low versus high risk of bias. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42019144594.FindingsWe reviewed 4339 records, 228 IBBS reports, and ten articles from other sources. Of these, 1301 duplicate records were excluded, 2467 records were excluded after title and abstract screening, and 534 articles were excluded after full-text analysis. We identified 345 prevalence data points from 275 studies across 77 countries, with a total of 606 232 participants. Global pooled prevalence from 2000–20 was 7·5% (95% CI 7·0–8·0%), ranging from 1·9% (1·0–3·1%) in Australia and New Zealand to 10·6% (8·5–12·9%) in Latin America and the Caribbean.InterpretationUnacceptably high syphilis prevalence among MSM warrants urgent action.FundingWellcome Trust.
Smartphone Use Associated with Refractive Error in Teenagers
Authors: Clair A. Enthoven, Jan Roelof Polling, Timo Verzijden, J. Willem L. Tideman, Nora Al-Jaffar, Pauline W. Jansen, Hein Raat, Lauwerens Metz, Virginie J.M. Verhoeven, Caroline C.W. Klaver
Journal: Ophthalmology (2021)
Abstract 2686: Preventive effects of saffron in a colitis mouse model
Authors: Suhrid Banskota, Waliul Khan, Gulshan Singh, Aida Habtezion, Hassan Brim, Hassan Ashktorab
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with rising incidence and no effective cure. IBD increases the risk of colon cancer through a Colitis-Associated-Cancer (CAC) pathway. Despite available anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs, many patients fail or loose response over time and many others experience drug-induced adverse events. Natural plant products are increasingly used by IBD patients and reported to have some efficacy for IBD in experimental models and clinical trials. Saffron (Crocus sativus), has been reported to play a key role in treatment of different digestive system disorders but its preventive role in IBD has not been explored. Aim: To establish whether saffron treatment modulates immunity in intestinal inflammation and ameliorates experimental colitis. Methods: Mice were pre-treated with either saffron (10 or 20 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle through daily oral gavage for 4 days before dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration. Then, we induced acute colitis in C57BL/6 mice with 2.5% DSS. On day 11, mice were euthanized and analyzed for gross and microscopic inflammation. Distal colon segments were collected for protein expression from the colon for immunophenotyping using ELISA. TNF-a, IL-b, and IL6 expression was analyzed by immunoblot analysis. Results: Saffron Pre-treatment improved gross and histopathological characteristics of colonic mucosa in experimental colitis mice. Saffron dose 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight showed a significant improvement in body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histology score, when compared to vehicle treated DSS mice group. Immunoblot analysis showed saffron pre-treatment significantly decreases pro-inflammatory TNF-a, IL-b, and IL-6 in the colon tissues indicating saffron mediates its preventive effect through anti-inflammatory pathways. Conclusion: These data suggest saffron therapeutic potential of saffron and its preventive role in treating experimental colitis in part via immune response modulation and a switch from pro- to anti-inflammatory profile. The study also gives insights in developing an alternative treatment for IBD-associated colitis. Citation Format: Suhrid Banskota, Waliul Khan, Gulshan Singh, Aida Habtezion, Hassan Brim, Hassan Ashktorab. Preventive effects of saffron in a colitis mouse model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2686.
KIBRA plays as tumour suppressor via phosphorylation of LATS-2 in conventional renal cell carcinoma tissues
Authors: K. Mitsunari, Y. Miyata, T. Matsuo, K. Ohba, Y. Mukae, A. Otsubo, J. Harada, T. Matsuda, Y. Mochizuki, H. Sakai
Journal: European Urology (2021)
One day prostate cancer screening and diagnosis using Magnetic Resonance imaging and Digital Prostate Biopsy with fluorescence confocal microscopy
Authors: U.G. Falagario, O. Selvaggio, F. Sanguedolce, P. Milillo, M.C. Sighinolfi, S.M. Bruno, M. Recchia, I. Jambor, P.A. Guerra, L. Macarini, B. Rocco, L. Cormio, G. Carrieri
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Abstract 313: Synergistic interaction between gingerol, shogaol and paradol with platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs against naïve and resistant breast cancer cells
Authors: Aziza S. Bawadood, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi, Ali M. El-Halawany, Ahmed M. Al-Abd
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Breast cancer is one of the most common female cancers and contributes 25.4% of the total diagnosed malignancies in women in 2018. Shogaol, paradol, and gingerol are obtained from many plants belonging to the family Zingiberaceae such as dried ginger and grain of paradise and shows different pharmacological activities. The current study evaluated the anticancer potential of these compounds in combination with chemotherapeutic platinum drugs against breast cancer cells. Cytotoxicity assay, apoptosis assay, immunofluorescent staining cell surface marker analysis, and wound healing assay were used for evaluating the cytotoxic potential of these compounds alone and in combination with platinum chemotherapeutics agents against naïve and resistant breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7adr, respectively). Platinum drugs showed synergism in combination with shogaol and gingerol against the resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7adr) with a Combination Index (CI) values of 0.39 and 0.54, respectively. A significant increase was observed in the percentages of early and late apoptotic cells for MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 6-shogaol for 24h. Significant decrease in CD44+/CD24- subpopulation was recorded in both cell lines using flowcytometric analysis. In the Wound healing assay, cells treated with the test compounds migrated significantly slower than control and needed a longer time to heal the scratch. In conclusion, gingerol, shogaol, and paradol compounds showed synergistic cytotoxicity with platinum-based drug and augmented their migration inhibitory activity, apoptotic effects, and tumor-associated stem cell suppressive the potential within naïve and resistant breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Aziza S. Bawadood, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi, Ali M. El-Halawany, Ahmed M. Al-Abd. Synergistic interaction between gingerol, shogaol and paradol with platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs against naïve and resistant breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 313.
Abstract 432: Sarcopenia predicts dose-limiting toxicity in metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel
Authors: Susie Youn, Angela Chen, Vincent Ha, Carole Chambers, Dean T. Eurich, Michael McCall, Michael B. Sawyer
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Introduction: Gemcitabine (GEM) plus nab-paclitaxel (nab) has been shown to improve overall survival (OS) compared to GEM monotherapy in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. However, GEM/nab is associated with increased toxicity. Our study evaluated whether sarcopenia increased the likelihood of chemotherapy toxicity in pancreatic cancer treated with GEM/nab. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients who received GEM/nab as first-line therapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer at a northern Alberta cancer institute (Canada) from 2014-2017. Patients were included if a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis was performed within 60 days of starting chemotherapy. Skeletal muscle surface area was measured at L3 on baseline CT scans and normalized for height to determine skeletal muscle index (SMI, cm2/m2). Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as dose reduction or treatment discontinuation due to toxicity. Optimal stratification was used to establish sex-specific SMI cut-offs with DLT as an outcome. Results: 152 patients were included in the study. 88 patients (57.8%) were male and median age was 66.5 years (range 34-95). 62 patients (40.8%) experienced DLT. SMI cut-offs were determined as &amp;lt;48.0 cm2/m2 in males and &amp;lt;39.55 cm2/m2 in females. Sarcopenia prevalence using these cut-offs was 54.6%. DLT incidence was significantly higher in sarcopenic versus non-sarcopenic patients (55.4 vs. 23.2% respectively, p&amp;lt;0.001). In multivariate logistic regression accounting for advanced age (&amp;gt;65), sex, BMI category, and performance status (PS), sarcopenia significantly increased the likelihood of DLT (OR 7.21, 95% CI 3.02-17.24, p&amp;lt;0.001). Sarcopenia did not impact OS (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.94-1.80, p=0.118) or progression-free survival (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.42-1.03, p=0.071). Conclusion: In pancreatic cancer treated with GEM/nab, sarcopenic patients are significantly more likely to experience DLT, independent of age, sex, BMI, and PS. These findings could have implications for reduced chemotherapy dosing in sarcopenic patients. Citation Format: Susie Youn, Angela Chen, Vincent Ha, Carole Chambers, Dean T. Eurich, Michael McCall, Michael B. Sawyer. Sarcopenia predicts dose-limiting toxicity in metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 432.
Endoscopic management of acute leak after sleeve gastrectomy: principles and techniques
Authors: Diogo Turiani Hourneaux de Moura, João Remí de Freitas Júnior, Gabriel Mayo Vieira de Souza, Guilherme Henrique Peixoto de Oliveira, Thomas R. McCarty, Christopher C. Thompson, Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Although laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most commonly performed bariatric surgery worldwide, postsleeve leaks may occur in up to 5.3 % of patients [1]. More recently, novel endoscopic draining therapies including endoscopic vacuum therapy, septotomy, and the use of endoluminal double-pigtail stents (DPS) have been deployed [2] [3] [4]. In this video, we describe successful endoscopic internal drainage of a perigastric sleeve leak using DPS ([Video 1]).
Characterization of Respiratory Symptoms Among Youth Using Heated Tobacco Products in Hong Kong
Authors: Lijun Wang, Jianjiu Chen, Lok Tung Leung, Zhi-Ming Mai, Sai Yin Ho, Tai Hing Lam, Man Ping Wang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are promoted as less harmful than combustible cigarettes but epidemiological evidence is scarce, especially in youth. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the associations of persistent respiratory symptoms with HTP use, cigarette use, and dual use among Hong Kong youth. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This was a territorywide cross-sectional school-based survey conducted from October 2018 to July 2019 using an anonymous questionnaire. Schools were randomly invited from a proportionate stratified sample in all 18 districts of Hong Kong. Poisson regression models using generalized estimating equations yielded adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of respiratory symptoms in (1) former and current HTP (vs never) users in the whole sample and stratified by cigarette use status and (2) exclusive HTP and dual users vs exclusive cigarette users. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2020 to March 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Former and current use of cigarettes, HTPs, e-cigarettes, and other tobacco products. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Respiratory symptoms for 3 consecutive months in the past 12 months. <h3>Results</h3> The study included 33 627 students with a mean (SD) age of 14.8 (1.9) years; 51.3% (18 171) were boys. Respiratory symptoms were reported by 16.3% (n = 5549) of all students, 29.3% (n = 226) of current users of e-cigarettes, 31.2% (n = 314) of current users of cigarettes, and 33.5% (n = 179) of current users of HTPs. Respiratory symptoms were associated with former (APR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06-1.59) and current (APR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.23-2.06) vs never HTP use and current vs never cigarette use (APR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.30-1.74) after adjusting for various tobacco use. Associations between respiratory symptoms and current vs never HTP use were observed in never (APR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.36-2.59) and former (APR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.12-4.12) cigarette users, but not in current cigarette users (APR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.97-1.59). Respiratory symptoms were associated with exclusive ever HTP use (APR, 1.46, 95% CI, 1.15-1.86) and ever dual use (APR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08-1.54) vs exclusive ever cigarette use. There was no association between exclusive current HTP (vs cigarette) use and respiratory symptoms (1.40; 95% CI, 0.93-2.11). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This cross-sectional study found that former and current HTP use were associated with persistent respiratory symptoms among youth, especially among never and former cigarette users. Respiratory symptoms were more prevalent in ever exclusive HTP users and ever dual users than ever exclusive cigarette users. These findings suggest that using HTPs instead of cigarettes may not reduce health risks.
Abstract 17032: Case Mix Predicts Hospital Performance on Measures of Patient Experience
Authors: Karen E Joynt, E. John Orav, Ashish K Jha
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) is the national assessment of hospital performance on patient experience with care, with over 95% of acute-care U.S. hospitals participating. The Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) program ties Medicare payments to hospitals’ performance on this metric. Some have expressed concern that sicker patients may rate their hospital experience more poorly, potentially putting hospitals that care for the sickest patients at a disadvantage. However, we lack empirical data to support or refute this notion. We used the latest available national HCAHPS and Medicare data to assess whether hospitals’ performance on HCAHPS measures varied by case mix, defined by patients’ predicted mortality. We examined how variations based on case mix compared with variations based on structural characteristics such as size and teaching status. We found that hospitals that cared for sicker patients were more often urban, non-profit hospitals that were larger, located in the northeast or west and more likely to have a teaching affiliation. In bivariate analyses, we found that hospitals with the sickest patients (those in the highest quartile of predicted mortality) had substantially lower HCAHPS performance compared with hospitals with the least sick patients (lowest quartile of predicted mortality) (as measured by proportion of patients giving the hospital a 9 or 10, 62.6% versus 69.4%, p&lt;0.001). In multivariable analyses adjusting for size, teaching status, and other hospital characteristics, the differences in HCAHPS performance across quartiles of predicted mortality narrowed somewhat (63.3% versus 68.5%, p&lt;0.001). The differences based on case mix were larger than those based on size, teaching status, location, or any of the other covariates we examined. As Medicare implements VBP, our findings suggest that hospitals with the sickest patient population are at greater risk of being financially penalized.
Gender Gaps in Salary and Representation in Academic Internal Medicine Specialties in the US
Authors: Teresa Wang, Pamela S. Douglas, Nosheen Reza
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

This cross-sectional analysis examines survey data on academic physician salaries from 2018 to 2019 using the Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Salary Report to evaluate demographics and salaries of academic internal medicine physician specialists.
Single-cell profiling of CNS border compartment leukocytes reveals that B cells and their progenitors reside in non-diseased meninges
Authors: David Schafflick, Jolien Wolbert, Michael Heming, Christian Thomas, Maike Hartlehnert, Anna-Lena Börsch, Alessio Ricci, Sandra Martín-Salamanca, Xiaolin Li, I-Na Lu, Mathias Pawlak, Jens Minnerup, Jan-Kolja Strecker, Thomas Seidenbecher, Sven G. Meuth, Andres Hidalgo, Arthur Liesz, Heinz Wiendl, Gerd Meyer zu Horste
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2021)
Abstract 1687: T cells are required to maintain anti-CD20-mediated NK cell responses in vitro
Authors: Zhaoming Wang, George J. Weiner
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Purpose: Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, beginning with rituximab (RTX), are a mainstay of therapy for B cell malignancies. Despite their remarkable clinical efficacy, many patients fail to respond or develop resistance to anti-CD20 containing therapy. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which anti-CD20 antibodies mediate their anti-tumor effects is critical if we are to build further on what is already a remarkable success story. Experimental procedures: Various subsets of healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cocultured in vitro with Raji cells and RTX or trastuzumab (TRA) as a control antibody for up to 7 days. The number of remaining Raji cells, NK cells and phenotype of NK cells was determined. Results: When unfractionated PBMCs were cultured with Raji cells for 1 week, RTX depleted Raji cells and enhanced NK cell numbers compared to TRA. In such cultures, RTX also induced changes in NK cell phenotype including a shift from CD56dim to CD56bright and increased expression of CD16, CD57 and KIR. These changes were dependent on T cells. Depletion of T cells, largely CD4, suppressed elimination of Raji cells, NK cell viability and the change in NK cell phenotype. Cell to cell contact was required, as the ability of T cells to support NK cell cytotoxicity, viability and phenotypic change was lost when T cells were separated from other cells in a transwell assay. T cell activation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads enhanced the ability of T cells to support RTX-mediated NK cell responses, with concentrations of activated T cells as low as 1% being adequate to provide T cell help to NK cells. Similar results were seen when obinutuzumab was used instead of RTX and when autologous B cells were used as target cells instead of Raji cells demonstrating the observed T cell effect was not secondary to an allogenic response by T cells to Raji cells. Conclusion: In longer term in vitro culture, anti-CD20 induces lysis of target B cells, preserves NK cell viability, and induces CD56dim to CD56bright transition and CD16 recovery in a T cell dependent manner. This T cell help requires cell-to-cell contact with NK cells and is enhanced following T cell activation. Ongoing studies are exploring the precise mechanisms by which T cells support NK cells, and whether similar changes are observed in patients. These findings could lead to evaluation of a combination of anti-CD20 therapy and T cell activation as a strategy for overcoming resistance to anti-CD20 therapy. Citation Format: Zhaoming Wang, George J. Weiner. T cells are required to maintain anti-CD20-mediated NK cell responses in vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1687.