tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged ≥20 Years Who Used Antidepressant Medications* in the Past 30 Days, by Sex and Marital Status — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2015–2018
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

BothMen WomenMarried or living with partner Divorced/Separated/Widowed Never married Percentage * The names of prescription medications taken in the last 30 days were obtained from containers reviewed during the household interview.Antidepressants were identified using a database from the medical information provider, Cerner Multum, Inc.During 2015-2018, 13.6% of adults aged ≥20 years used prescription antidepressant medications in the past 30 days.Antidepressant use was higher among divorced, separated, or widowed (20.5%) adults than among either married or living with partner (12.3%) or never married (10.8%) adults.There was no difference in use between married and never married adults.These same patterns were observed for both men and women.Within every marital status category, a higher percentage of women compared with men took antidepressants.
Abstract 15551: Evening Blood Pressure Burden and Cardiac Load: A Sex-specific Association of Nocturia in the Japanese at High-risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Michiaki NAGAI, Satoshi Hoshide, Kazuomi Kario
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Earlier epidemiologic studies have reported a significant relationship between hypertension and nocturia. However, the underlying pathophysiology has been unclear. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that blood pressure (BP) burden and cardiac load might be associated with severity of nocturia. In addition, this association was hypothesized to be moderated by sex. Methods: In the Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure Study, measurements of home BP (HBP) at evening (mean 11.2 days) as well as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were performed in the 4310 patients with one or more cardiovascular risks (64.9 years old, male 47%). A self-administered questionnaire included items on nocturia was used. Results: According to the number of nocturia (no void: n= 2382; one void: n=847; ≥ 2 voids per night: n=1082), significant associations of systolic BP (SBP) at evening (130 vs 130 vs 132 mmHg, p&lt;0.0001) and logBNP (1.20 vs 1.30 vs 1.42, p&lt;0.0001) were observed with nocturia severity. In the multinomial logistic regression analysis adjustment for confounders including age, smoking, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and clinic SBP, the use of diuretics (OR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.06-1.52, p&lt;0.05) was significantly associated with one nocturnal void, while evening SBP (OR: 1.009, 95%CI: 1.003-1.014, p&lt;0.01) and logBNP (1.43, 95%CI: 1.19-1.73, p&lt;0.001) were significantly associated with multiple nocturnal voids. While no significant interaction was found between evening SBP and logBNP for multiple nocturnal voids in the total population (p=0.1), a significant interaction was found between evening SBP and logBNP for multiple nocturnal voids only in females (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the use of diuretics was a significant indicator of single nocturnal void, while evening SBP and BNP were those of multiple nocturnal voids in the high-risk Japanese population. Specifically, in the females, treatment to reduce BP burden as well as cardiac overload might be important to improve sleep disturbance caused by nocturia.
家族性アミロイドポリニューロパシー(FAP)と原発性(AL)アミロイド症の分化のための心筋超音波後方散乱信号の貫壁性勾配
Authors: Yoneyama A, Koyama J, Tomita T, Kumazaki S, Tsutsui H, Watanabe N, Kinoshita O, Ikeda U
Journal: Circulation (2005)
Abstract P113: Underestimation Of Sudden Death Due To Restrictive Sudden Cardiac Death Criteria
Authors: Caroline Tybout, Susan K Keen, Sanjana Thota, Albert Chang, Feng-Chang Lin, Huijun Jiang, Golsa Joodi, Ross J Simpson
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Efforts to prevent sudden death may be hampered by restrictive case definitions impairing accurate estimates of incidence and risk factors of sudden death. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) definitions include requirements for presence of comorbid coronary artery disease (CAD) and various time criteria since onset of symptoms or when victims were last seen well. We compared prevalence of three SCD definitions within a registry of all-cause natural, sudden deaths. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the restrictive criteria of three SCD definitions underestimate sudden death and exclude populations with increased medical comorbidities. Methods: Using a registry of 399 adjudicated sudden death cases among adults aged 18-64 in Wake County, North Carolina in 2013-2015, we included 271 cases after excluding for missing values, chronic kidney disease, or heart failure. Time since last seen alive was classified as less than one hour or 24 hours from scene reports. Presence of CAD and co-morbidities were defined from clinical or autopsy records. Prevalence of SCD using criteria defined by Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death (SUD) registry were calculated. Prevalence of SCD risk factors were calculated for the 3 SCD subgroups and compared to the original 271 victims using two-sample t-test and Fisher’s exact test for continuous and categorical variables. Results: Among the 271 cases, criteria were met for the three SCD definitions for n (%): ARIC 28 (10%), WHO 54 (20%), and SUD 90 (33%) (Table 1). ARIC and WHO-defined SCD cases were younger than the original 271 cases. There were no significant differences in sociodemographic and clinical factors by any SCD group compared to the original 271 cases. Conclusion: Restrictive SCD definitions that require the presence of CAD or a specific time frame of identification of death underestimate the incidence of sudden death and hinder effective prevention efforts for sudden death.
Abstract 15366: Cancer Diagnosis Following Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrilation Undergoing Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Maria Cespon-Fernandez, Sergio Raposeiras-Roubin, Emad Abu-Assi, Cristina Barreiro-Pardal, Isabel Muñoz-Pousa, Rafael J. Cobas-Paz, Jose A. Parada-Barcia, Marta Represa-Montenegro, Maria Melendo-Viu, Andrés Íñiguez-Romo
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Bleeding is frequent in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing oral anticoagulation (OAC), and may be the first manifestation of underlying cancer. OAC could be usefull as a screening tool to unveil an occult cancer and enhance early diagnosis. Hypothesis: We aim to analyze whether bleeding represents an useful tool to unmasking an occult cancer in AF patients treated with OAC. Methods: We used a cohort including all patients ≥ 75 years-old from the health area of Vigo (Galicia, Spain) with AF between 2014 and 2017 (CardioCHUVI-AF_75 registry). Results: Of 8,753 AF patients evaluated (mean age, 82.7 years; women, 61.7%), 2,171 (24.8%) experienced any (major or non-major) bleeding and 479 (5.5%) were diagnosed with cancer (mean follow-up of 3 years). Among 2,171 who experienced bleeding, 198 (9.1%) were diagnosed with cancer. Patients with bleeding have a 3-fold higher risk of new cancer diagnosis compared with those without bleeding (4.7 per 100 patient/year vs1.4 per 100/patients year; hazard ratio [HR]: 3,72 [95% CI 3.05-4.55]). Gastrointestinal bleeding was associated with a 13-fold higher hazard of new gastrointestinal cancer diagnosis (HR 13.44 [95% CI 9.11-19.85]). Genitourinary bleeding was associated with an 18-fold higher hazard of new genitourinary cancer diagnosis (HR 18.11 [95% CI 12.52-26.20]). And bronchopulmonary bleeding was associated with a 15-fold higher hazard of new bronchopulmonary cancer diagnosis (HR 15.78 [95% CI 6.03-41.28]). For those other bleeding (non-gastrointestinal, non-genitourinary, non-bronchopulmonary), the HR for cancer was 2.31 (95% CI 1.47-3.64). Conclusions: Any gastrointestinal, genitourinary, or bronchopulmonary bleeding was associated with higher rates of new cancer diagnosis in AF patients undergoing OAC. These bleeding events behave as an useful screening tool and should encourage prompt investigation for underlying cancers at those sites.
Abstract 17311: Ventricular Arrhythmias and Fibrosis in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Natasha Cuk, Jae H Cho, Donghee Han, Joseph E Ebinger, Eugenio Cingolani
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias (VA) is one of the main causes of mortality in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Ventricular fibrosis in HFpEF has been suspected as a substrate of VA, but the degree of fibrosis has not been well characterized. Hypothesis: HFpEF patients with increased degree of fibrosis will manifest more VA. Methods: Cedars-Sinai medical records were probed using Deep 6 artificial intelligence data extraction software to identify patients with HFpEF who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI of identified patients were reviewed to measure extra-cellular volume (ECV) and degree of fibrosis. Ambulatory ECG monitoring (Ziopatch) of those patients were also reviewed to study the prevalence of arrhythmias. Results: A total of 12 HFpEF patients who underwent cardiac MRI were identified. Patients were elderly (mean age 70.3 ± 7.1), predominantly female (83%), and overweight (mean BMI 32 ± 9). Comorbidities included hypertension (83%), dyslipidemia (75%), and coronary artery disease (67%). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction by echocardiogram was 63 ± 8.7%. QTc as measured on ECG was not significantly prolonged (432 ± 15 ms). ECV was normal in those patients for whom it was available (24.2 ± 3.1, n = 9) with 3/12 patients (25%) demonstrating ventricular fibrosis by MRI (average burden of 9.6 ± 5.9%). Ziopatch was obtained in 8/12 patients (including all 3 patients with fibrosis) and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) was identified in 5/8 (62.5%). One patient with NSVT and without fibrosis on MRI also had a sustained VA recorded. In those patients who had Ziopatch monitoring, there was no association between presence of fibrosis and NSVT (X2 = 0.035, p = 0.85). Conclusions: Ventricular fibrosis was present in 25% of HFpEF patients in this study and NSVT was observed in 62.5% of those patients with HFpEF who had Ziopatch monitoring. The presence of fibrosis by Cardiac MRI was not associated with NSVT in this study; however, the size of the cohort precludes broadly generalizable conclusions about this association. Further investigation is required to better understand the relationship between ventricular fibrosis by MRI and VA in patients with HFpEF.
Abstract 16512: Amputation in Patients With Pad With and Without Diabetes: Insights From the EUCLID Trial
Authors: Nicholas Govsyeyev, Mark R Nehler, Cecilia C Low Wang, Sarah Kavanagh, William R Hiatt, Chandler Long, William S Jones, Francis G Fowkes, Jeffrey S Berger, Manesh R Patel, Brian Katona, Lars Norgren, Marc P Bonaca
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background/Introduction: Amputation is a major morbidity of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Although traditionally attributed to ischemia, the multifactorial nature is increasingly recognized, particularly in those with concomitant diabetes mellitus (DM). Elucidating the drivers of amputation in PAD with and without DM may be important in developing strategies for prevention. Purpose: To elucidate the primary drivers of amputations in patients with PAD with and without DM. Methods: EUCLID randomized 13,885 patients with PAD. Investigators prospectively reported all amputations. In this post-hoc analysis, amputations (major – ankle and above, minor – distal to ankle) were retrospectively adjudicated using safety data when available to characterize the drivers including infection, ischemia, or multifactorial. Etiologies were evaluated by DM status at baseline. Results: A total of 415 patients (3% of total) underwent 533 (260 major and 263 minor) amputations over a median of 30 months. Of these, 360 (68%) occurred in the 5,345 patients with DM (n/N of 6.7%) and 173 (32%) occurred in the 8,450 patients without DM (n/N of 2.0%). There were 172 non-traumatic amputations with sufficient documentation to determine drivers. Ischemia was the primary driver overall (51%) followed by infection (27%) and multifactorial (22%). The primary driver, however, varied by DM status with the dominant driver in those with DM being infection (59%) and in those without DM, ischemia (82%) ( Fig. 1 ). The etiology varied for major and minor with the former driven by ischemia (65%) and the latter driven by infection (59%). Conclusions: Amputations in PAD appear to have different primary drivers depending on concomitant DM. Infection may have a larger role in those with DM and ischemia in those without DM. Further research to elucidate the pathobiology and predictors of these outcomes may help in the development of strategies for prevention.
IL-33 in COVID-19: friend or foe?
Authors: Yuejin Liang, Yiyue Ge, Jiaren Sun
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the highly transmissible and pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2), has led to more than 2.7 million deaths worldwide as of March 2021.Although considerable efforts are underway to reveal the immunopathology of COVID-19, the key factors and processes that initiate hyperinflammatory responses and cause severe clinical outcomes in certain individuals remain unclear.The damageassociated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule IL-33 belongs to the IL-1 family and has been recognized as an alarmin that indicates cellular damage or infection.Full-length IL-33 requires cleavage by proteases to generate its mature bioactive form, which can bind to the ST2 receptor (also known as IL-1RL1), leading to activation of the NF-κB pathway in various innate and adaptive immune cells.The relatively high abundance of IL-33 in epithelial and endothelial cells accounts for its proinflammatory role in respiratory diseases. 1Recent observations have revealed that serum IL-33 is upregulated in elderly patients with COVID-19 and associated with adverse outcomes. 2,3The increased IL-33 levels in severe infection could result from epithelial damage caused by strong interactions between the airway epithelium and activated immune cells.SARS-CoV-2-derived papain-like protease (PLpro), a powerful inducer of IL-33 in epithelial cells, 4 may also trigger epithelium-derived IL-33 to initiate inflammatory responses in the lungs.To test whether SARS-CoV-2 infection induces IL-33 expression in epithelial cells, we infected two human epithelial cell lines, Fadu and LS513, with SARS-CoV-2 (viral strain: BetaCoV/JS02/Human/2019, isolated by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China) in vitro.Our results demonstrated significant increases in IL-33 transcript levels in both cell lines at 72 h postinfection (Fig. 1A).Therefore, we provide evidence for the first time that SARS-CoV-2 infection promotes IL-33 expression in human epithelial cells.Clinically, transcriptomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from COVID-19 patients demonstrated strong upregulation of IL-33, 5 indicating the induction of IL-33 in pulmonary recruited cells (e.g., macrophages) after infection.Moreover, a recent preprint reported that a SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide mixture could induce IL-33 secretion in the culture supernatant of PBMCs from seropositive individuals, 6 suggesting that immune cells may also be a source of IL-33 in COVID-19.However, it is not clear whether IL-33 is secreted by activated immune cells or is directly released due to cell death.Upon binding with a receptor complex composed of ST2 and IL-1RAcP, mature IL-33 boosts type-2 immunity via the activation of eosinophils, mast cells, M2 macrophages, T helper 2 cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). 1 Compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SAR-CoV), SAR-CoV-2 favors a cytokine storm composed of low levels of type 1 cytokines (IL-12p70 and IL-15) but high expression of Th2/9
Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) at HIV diagnosis in individuals 18–40 years old: a possible HIV indicator condition
Authors: Michele Bibas, Silvia Pittalis, Nicoletta Orchi, Gabriella De Carli, Chiara Agrati, Enrico Girardi, Andrea Antinori, Vincenzo Puro, Giuseppe Ippolito
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2021)
PCI and CABG; the Real World From the Shinken Database 2004-2011
Authors: Tanabe Hiroaki, Suzuki Shinya, Takai Hideaki, Kadoma Yoshitaka, Yamabe Takeshi, Kanou Hiroto, Matsuno Shunsuke, Ootsuka Takayuki, Uejima Tokuhisa, Oikawa Yuuji, Koike Akira, Nagashima Kazuyuki, Kirigaya Hajime, Sagara Kouichi, Sawada Hitoshi, Aizawa Tadanori, Yasjima Jyunnji, Yamashita Takeshi
Journal: Circulation (2013)
結腸直腸癌(CRC)患者における中枢神経系転移(CNSM):遡及的検討
Authors: Urquizu Lourdes Calera, Herrero Fernando Rivera, Sanz Lourdes Gutierrez, Garcia Irene Hernandez, Garayo Itziar Trueba, Salcedo Matilde, Gil Noelia Vega, Mesonero Yolanda Blanco, DE Miguel Ana Cebollero, Ortiz Jaime Sanz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Peptide: MHC-based DNA vaccination strategy to activate natural killer cells by targeting killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors
Authors: Pauline Rettman, Matthew D Blunt, Rebecca J Fulton, Andres F Vallejo, Leidy Y Bastidas-Legarda, Laura España-Serrano, Marta E Polak, Aymen Al-Shamkhani, Christelle Retiere, Salim I Khakoo
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background Natural killer (NK) cells are increasingly being recognized as agents for cancer immunotherapy. The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are expressed by NK cells and are immunogenetic determinants of the outcome of cancer. In particular, KIR2DS2 is associated with protective responses to several cancers and also direct recognition of cancer targets in vitro. Due to the high homology between activating and inhibitory KIR genes to date, it has been challenging to target individual KIR for therapeutic benefit. Methods A novel KIR2DS2-targeting therapeutic peptide:MHC DNA vaccine was designed and used to immunize mice transgenic for KIR genes (KIR-Tg). NK cells were isolated from the livers and spleens of vaccinated mice and then analyzed for activation by flow cytometry, RNA profiling and cytotoxicity assays. In vivo assays of NK cell function using a syngeneic cancer model (B16 melanoma) and an adoptive transfer model for human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7) were performed. Results Injecting KIR-Tg mice with the vaccine construct activated NK cells in both liver and spleens of mice, with preferential activation of KIR2DS2-positive NK cells. KIR-specific activation was most marked on the CD11b+CD27+ mature subset of NK cells. RNA profiling indicated that the DNA vaccine upregulated genes associated with cellular metabolism and downregulated genes related to histone H3 methylation, which are associated with immune cell maturation and NK cell function. Vaccination led to canonical and cross-reactive peptide:MHC-specific NK cell responses. In vivo, DNA vaccination led to enhanced antitumor responses against B16F10 melanoma cells and also enhanced responses against a tumor model expressing the KIR2DS2 ligand HLA-C*0102. Conclusion We show the feasibility of a peptide-based KIR-targeting vaccine strategy to activate NK cells and hence generate functional antitumor responses. This approach does not require detailed knowledge of the tumor peptidomes nor HLA matching with the patient. It therefore offers a novel opportunity for targeting NK cells for cancer immunotherapy.
Gut microbiota as prognosis markers for patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Ke Wang, Zhao Zhang, Zhi-Shuo Mo, Xiao-Hua Yang, Bing-Liang Lin, Liang Peng, Yang Xu, Chun-Yan Lei, Xiao-Dong Zhuang, Ling Lu, Rui-Fu Yang, Tao Chen, Zhi-Liang Gao
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

The gut microbiota in the hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is poorly defined. We aim to uncover the characteristics of the gut microbiota in HBV-ACLF and in other HBV associated pathologies. We analyzed the gut microbiome in patients with HBV-ACLF or other HBV associated pathologies and healthy individuals by 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples. 212 patients with HBV-ACLF, 252 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 162 with HBV-associated cirrhosis (HBV-LC) and 877 healthy individuals were recruited for the study. CHB and HBV-LC patients are grouped as HBV-Other. We discovered striking differences in the microbiome diversity between the HBV-ACLF, HBV-Other and healthy groups using 16S rRNA sequencing. The ratio of cocci to bacilli was significantly elevated in the HBV-ACLF group compared with healthy group. Further analysis within the HBV-ACLF group identified 52 genera showing distinct richness within the group where Enterococcus was enriched in the progression group whilst Faecalibacterium was enriched in the regression group. Metagenomic sequencing validated these findings and further uncovered an enrichment of Lactobacillus casei paracasei in progression group, while Alistipes senegalensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Parabacteroides merdae dominated the regression group. Importantly, our analysis revealed that there was a rapid increase of Enterococcus faecium during the progression of HBV-ACLF. The gut microbiota displayed distinct composition at different phases of HBV-ACLF. High abundance of Enterococcus is associated with progression while that of Faecalibacterium is associated with regression of HBV-ACLF. Therefore, the microbiota features hold promising potential as prognostic markers for HBV-ACLF.
Subchondral Bone Length in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Deep Learning–Derived Imaging Measure and Its Association With Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Gary H. Chang, Lisa K. Park, Nina A. Le, Ray S. Jhun, Tejus Surendran, Joseph Lai, Hojoon Seo, Nuwapa Promchotichai, Grace Yoon, Jonathan Scalera, Terence D. Capellini, David T. Felson, Vijaya B. Kolachalama
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2021)

To develop a bone shape measure that reflects the extent of cartilage loss and bone flattening in knee osteoarthritis (OA) and test it against estimates of disease severity.A fast region-based convolutional neural network was trained to crop the knee joints in sagittal dual-echo steady-state magnetic resonance imaging sequences obtained from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). Publicly available annotations of the cartilage and menisci were used as references to annotate the tibia and the femur in 61 knees. Another deep neural network (U-Net) was developed to learn these annotations. Model predictions were compared to radiologist-driven annotations on an independent test set (27 knees). The U-Net was applied to automatically extract the knee joint structures on the larger OAI data set (n = 9,434 knees). We defined subchondral bone length (SBL), a novel shape measure characterizing the extent of overlying cartilage and bone flattening, and examined its relationship with radiographic joint space narrowing (JSN), concurrent pain and disability (according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), as well as subsequent partial or total knee replacement. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for each outcome were estimated using relative changes in SBL from the OAI data set stratified into quartiles.The mean SBL values for knees with JSN were consistently different from knees without JSN. Greater changes of SBL from baseline were associated with greater pain and disability. For knees with medial or lateral JSN, the ORs for future knee replacement between the lowest and highest quartiles corresponding to SBL changes were 5.68 (95% CI 3.90-8.27) and 7.19 (95% CI 3.71-13.95), respectively.SBL quantified OA status based on JSN severity and shows promise as an imaging marker in predicting clinical and structural OA outcomes.