tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 10376: Sudden Death in the Formerly Incarcerated
Authors: Matthew J Fordham, Suhani Gupta, Jason Zhang, Feng-Chang Lin, Susan K Keen, Ross J Simpson
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Poor health and premature death are potential concerns among released prisoners. Our aims are to assess the risk of sudden death and the prevalence of modifiable risk factors in formerly incarcerated sudden death victims compared to matched living controls. Methods: From 2013-2015, out-of-hospital deaths aged 18-64 in Wake County, North Carolina (NC) that were reported by emergency medical services were screened to adjudicate 399 sudden death victims. Using the publicly available NC Department of Public Safety database, the 399 victims and 1,114 race- and sex-matched living patients from a regional medical center were screened for history of incarceration. Demographics and clinical comorbidities were abstracted from medical records, death certificates, and autopsy reports. Multivariate modeling was performed to analyze incarceration status and comorbidities. Results: Sudden death victims with incarceration were predominantly male (91% vs 66.4%, p=0.004) and Black (57.6% vs 33.1%, p=0.043). Compared to living controls, victims were more likely to have a history of incarceration (8.3% vs 4.3%, p=0.0026) and had twice the odds of incarceration (95% CI 1.3 to 3.2, p=0.003). Sudden death victims with a history of incarceration were more likely than victims without incarceration to have a history of substance abuse (51.4% vs 13.7%, p&lt;0.001), alcohol abuse (48.5% vs 19.4%, p=0.003), type 2 diabetes (45.5% vs 25.7%, p=0.02), stroke (18.2% vs 5.5%, p=0.007), and mental illness (78.8% vs 51.6%, p=0.005). After adjusting for differences in demographics and comorbidities (age, diabetes, CAD, CKD, chronic renal disease, and any mental illness) significant differences in incarceration rates did not persist between sudden death victims and community controls (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.2, p=0.442). However, after adjustment individuals with any mental illness had significantly higher odds of sudden death (OR 5.3, 95% CI 4.0 to 7.0, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: History of incarceration is associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors, mental health conditions, and risk of sudden death. Improvement in transitional healthcare services following incarceration has the potential to reduce the incidence of sudden death among former prisoners.
Abstract 9773: Intermittent Fasting Enhances Right Ventricular Function in Preclinical Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Sasha Z Prisco, Megan Eklund, Daphne Moutsoglou, Anthony Prisco, Alexander Khoruts, Kenneth K Weir, Thenappan Thenappan, Kurt W Prins
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Intermittent fasting (IF) confers pleotropic cardiovascular benefits including restructuring the gut microbiome and augmenting metabolism. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and lethal disease characterized by right ventricular (RV) mitochondrial dysfunction and resultant lipotoxicity and microbiome dysbiosis. The effects of IF on RV function in PAH are unexplored. Hypothesis: IF restructures the gut microbiome, normalizes the microbiota metabolites in the RV, and improves RV function and survival in monocrotaline (MCT) rats. Methods: Male SD rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: control, MCT- ad lib feeding, and MCT-IF (every other day feeding). 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of stool evaluated the microbiome. Jejunal epithelium was evaluated with H&amp;E staining. RV metabolomics assessed microbiome metabolites. RV Oil Red O, H&amp;E, and trichrome staining evaluated lipotoxicity, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and fibrosis, respectively. RV function was determined by echocardiography and closed-chest pressure-volume (PV) loops. Lung H&amp;E staining evaluated pulmonary vascular remodeling. Results: IF changed the microbiome, with increased abundance of Lactobacillus . IF mitigated the reduction in jejunum villi length and goblet cell abundance when compared to MCT- ad lib . Metabolomics profiling revealed IF decreased RV levels of microbiome metabolites (bile acids, aromatic amino acid metabolites, and γ-glutamylated amino acids). When probing RV metabolism, IF prevented RV lipid accrual on Oil Red O staining and ceramide accumulation as determined by metabolomics. IF decreased RV cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and reduced RV fibrosis. Echocardiography and PV loops showed IF improved RV systolic and diastolic function despite no significant change in PAH severity. There was a slight but significant decline in histological pulmonary vascular remodeling (MCT- ad lib : 52±11 vs MCT-IF: 47±12%). IF ultimately prevented premature mortality (30% mortality rate in MCT- ad lib vs 0% in MCT-IF rats). Conclusions: IF restructured the microbiome and directly enhanced RV function. These results suggest IF may be a non-pharmacological approach to combat RV dysfunction, a currently untreatable and lethal consequence of PAH.
Outcomes of Patients with Hematologic Malignancies and COVID-19: Perspective of a Large Hematology Center in Greece
Authors: Nikolaos Spyridis, Georgios Karavalakis, Despina Mallouri, Ioannis Eftychidis, Panagiotis Dolgyras, Niki Stavroyianni, Chrysavgi Lalayanni, Ioannis Batsis, Ioanna Sakellari, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, Damianos Sotiropoulos
Journal: Blood (2021)
GPs call for “fee for service” contract that allows them to charge for private services
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The current General Medical Services (GMS) contract has been deemed “outdated and inadequate for the current healthcare environment” by representatives at England’s 2021 local medical committee (LMC) conference.

A motion proposed by GP Russell Brown from East Sussex LMC and passed in full on 26 November said that General Practitioners Committee England (GPC England) must now negotiate a fee for service contract rather than the current block contract.

It added that the new contract should also allow practices to offer private services alongside NHS services, “where such services are not commissioned by the …
Abstract 13301: Microarray Reveals Differentially Expressed Long Non-coding Ribonucleic Acids In Dysferlinopathy
Authors: Rachel Lukose, Gwenyth Carr, Bathri Vajravelu
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Dysferlinopathy is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of inherited degenerative muscle disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness. It is caused by the deficiency of dysferlin, a type II transmembrane protein highly expressed in the skeletal muscle and the heart. Dysferlin interacts with several proteins and plays a crucial role in calcium dependent membrane repair in skeletal muscles. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides that participate in regulating gene expression through multiple mechanisms. Hypothesis: We hypothesized the disease process in dysferlinopathy is linked to an aberrant expression of lncRNAs. Methods: LncRNA and mRNA expression profiling between the normal and dysferlin deficient murine myoblasts (C2C12 cells) were performed using a microarray (n=3). Several differentially expressed lncRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR. Tissue expression analysis was performed for selected lncRNAs across ten mice tissues. Further bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the potential function, lncRNA-mRNA correlation and potential targets of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. Results: We found 3470 lncRNAs and 2335 mRNAs that are differentially expressed by more than two fold. A set of 13 lncRNAs were selected based on their fold change, and were validated using qRT-PCR. Six out of the 13 lncRNAs tested were predominantly expressed in either myoblasts or skeletal muscle tissue. Pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated the involvement of several signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt, FoxO, Wnt, cAMP and Hippo. The differentially expressed genes were also enriched for the GO terms, developmental process and muscle system process. Conclusion: The results thus far imply that dysferlinopathy is associated with an aberrant expression of multiple lncRNAs many of which may have a specific function in the disease process. Identification of lncRNAs that are predominantly expressed in the skeletal muscle lineage suggests a muscle specific role for these lncRNAs. We are currently working on overexpressing selected lncRNAs in the normal and dysferlin deficient cells to understand their role in regulating key cellular functions.
A Randomized Trial of Fulvestrant, Everolimus, and Anastrozole for the Front-line Treatment of Patients with Advanced Hormone Receptor–positive Breast Cancer, SWOG S1222
Authors: Halle C.F. Moore, William E. Barlow, George Somlo, Julie R. Gralow, Anne F. Schott, Daniel F. Hayes, Peter Kuhn, James B. Hicks, Lisa Welter, Philip A. Dy, Christina H. Yeon, Alison K. Conlin, Ernie Balcueva, Danika L. Lew, Debasish Tripathy, Lajos Pusztai, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer is an important cause of cancer mortality. Endocrine treatment with or without additional targeted therapies has been the mainstay of treatment. This trial was designed to evaluate the combination of fulvestrant plus everolimus versus fulvestrant, everolimus, and anastrozole compared with fulvestrant alone in the first-line treatment of advanced HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.This randomized placebo-controlled trial included postmenopausal women with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer who had received no prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease. Participants were randomized to one of three treatment arms and the primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), comparing combinations of fulvestrant and everolimus with or without anastrozole with fulvestrant alone. Circulating tumor cells (CTC), as measured with two different methods, and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were evaluated serially prior to treatment and the beginning of the second cycle of therapy.Due in part to changes in clinical practice, the study was closed after accruing only 37 participants. There was no evidence that everolimus-containing combination treatment improved PFS or overall survival relative to fulvestrant alone. When modeled continuously, an association was observed of baseline CTC and ctDNA with poorer survival.Although power of the study was limited, the findings were unable to support the routine use of everolimus combination endocrine therapy in the first-line treatment of advanced hormone-sensitive breast cancer. Prognostic impact of baseline ctDNA and copy-number variations in CTC was demonstrated.
EXTH-19. INTEGRATION OF PLASMONIC GOLD NANOSTARS AND LASER INTERSTITIAL THERMAL THERAPY (LITT) FOR SPECIFIC AND AMPLIFIED ABLATION OF BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Ethan Srinivasan, Pakawat Chongsathidkiet, Ren Odion, Yang Liu, Eric Sankey, Tuan Vo-Dinh, Peter Fecci
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is an effective minimally-invasive treatment option for intracranial tumors. Our group produced plasmonics-active gold nanostars (GNS) designed to preferentially accumulate within intracranial tumors and amplify the ablative capacity of LITT while better conforming to tumor boundaries and protecting surrounding tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 12nm GNS were synthesized using reduced HAuCl4 with Na3C6H5O7 seeds, mixed with AgNO3, C6H8O6, and HAuCL4, and coated with polyethylene glycol then functionalized with methoxy PEG thiol. CT-2A glioma cells were intracranially implanted into mice, followed 18 days later by IV injection of GNS. PET-CT was performed at 10-minutes, 24-, and 72-hours post-GNS administration, with autoradiography (AR) and histopathology (HP) on sacrifice after the last scan. To test the impact of GNS on LITT coverage capacity in appropriately sized ex vivo models, we utilized agarose gel-based phantoms incorporating control and GNS-infused central “tumors” in multiple shapes. LITT was administered with the NeuroBlate System. RESULTS In vivo, GNS preferentially accumulated within intracranial tumors on PET-CT at the 24- and 72-hour timepoints. AR and HP confirmed high GNS accumulation within tumor. Ex vivo, in cuboid tumor phantoms, the GNS-infused phantom heated 5.5x faster than the control, rising 0.49°C per minute compared to 0.09°C. In a split-cylinder tumor phantom with half containing GNS, the GNS-infused border heated 2x faster and the surrounding area was exposed to 30% lower temperatures. In a GNS-infused star-shaped phantom, the heat spread contoured along phantom boundaries. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence for use of GNS to improve the specificity, efficiency, and potentially safety of LITT. The in vivo data support selective accumulation within intracranial tumors, and the GNS-infused phantom experiments demonstrate increased rates of heating within the tumor model, heat contouring to tumor borders, and decreased heating of surrounding regions representing normal structures.
Abstract 10180: Clinical and Subclinical Rheumatic Heart Disease Among Adults in the Amazon Basin: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alma Wegener, Anna Engell Holm, L. Gomes, K. Lima, L. Matos, I. Vieira, Molly D Kaagaard, R. Souza, C Marinho, T B-S, o ms, Philip Brainin
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in middle- and low-income countries. However, the prevalence of RHD is often underestimated in resource limited areas due to lack of proper screening programs. Purpose: We aimed to determine the prevalence of clinical and subclinical RHD among adults in the Northwestern part of the Amazon Basin, Brazil. In addition, we evaluated the diagnostic yield of a history of self-reported rheumatic fever (RF) and cardiac auscultation Methods: We included a probability sample of adults from the general population in the Amazon Basin. Participants underwent questionnaire on medical history, cardiac auscultation and echocardiography. Participants were assessed according to the 2012 World Heart Federation (WHF) Criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of RHD (Figure A) Results: We included a total of 591 participants (mean age 41+/-15 years, 60% women, 5% &lt;20 years old). 3% (n=19) had definite RHD (age 50 [IQR 29-70] years, 53% women) and &lt;1% (n=2) had borderline RHD. The distribution of definite RHD according to the WHF Criteria 2012 was: A (n=8), B (n=3), C (n=0), D (n=8). Valve pathologies are displayed in Figure B. Among definite RHD cases, 16% (n=3) were considered clinical (prevalence ~1%) and 84% (n=16) were subclinical (prevalence ~3%). A self-reported history of RF had a sensitivity of 3% and a specificity of 92% (PPV 2%/ NPV 95%) to detect RHD, whereas cardiac auscultation had a sensitivity of 38% and a specificity of 80% (PPV 5%/ NPV 97%). When combining a self-reported history of RF with cardiac auscultation, this yielded a sensitivity of 3% and a specificity of 98% (PPV 10%/ NPV 96%) Conclusions: By applying the 2012 WHF Criteria, the prevalence of clinical and subclinical RHD in adults from the Northwestern part of the Amazon Basin was 1% and 3%, respectively. A combination of a self-reported history of RF and cardiac auscultation provided low sensitivity but high specificity for RHD.
Infectious Complications after Intensive Chemotherapy with CLAG-M or '7+3' for Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Other High-Grade Myeloid Neoplasms
Authors: Carla S. Walti, Anna B. Halpern, Hu Xie, E. Lisa Chung, Kelda M. Gardner, Emily M. Huebner, Colleen Delaney, Catherine Liu, Steven A. Pergam, Guang-Shing Cheng, Louise E. Kimball, Wendy M. Leisenring, Michael Boeckh, Roland B. Walter, Joshua A. Hill
Journal: Blood (2021)
Phase II Trial of Ten-Day Decitabine with Venetoclax (DEC10-VEN) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Updated Outcomes in Genomic Subgroups
Authors: Abhishek Maiti, Courtney D. DiNardo, Caitlin R. Rausch, Naveen Pemmaraju, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Maro Ohanian, Naval Daver, Ghayas C. Issa, Gautam Borthakur, Farhad Ravandi, Yesid Alvarado, Tapan M. Kadia, Elias J. Jabbour, Nicholas J. Short, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Nitin Jain, Steven M. Kornblau, Lucia Masarova, William G. Wierda, Koji Sasaki, Koichi Takahashi, Musa Yilmaz, Jan A. Burger, Zeev E. Estrov, Srdan Verstovsek, Michael Andreeff, Prithviraj Bose, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Philip A. Thompson, Kathryn Montalbano, Kenneth Vaughan, Carol A. Bivins, Sherry A. Pierce, Wei Qiao, Jing Ning, John S. Welch, Hagop Kantarjian, Marina Konopleva
Journal: Blood (2021)
The best predictive model for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Jung Hwan Yu, Soon Gu Cho, Young-Joo Jin, Jin-Woo Lee
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2021)

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) seriously threatens human health. About 820,000 deaths annually are due to related complications such as hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, the use of oral antiviral agents has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with CHB infection and reduced the risk of HCC. However, hepatitis B virus still remains a major factor in the development of HCC, raising many concerns. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to assess the risk of HCC in patients with CHB infection and many models have been proposed to predict the risk of developing HCC. However, as each study has different models for predicting HCC development that can be applied depending on the use of antiviral agents or the type of antiviral agents, it is necessary to properly understand characteristics of each model when using it for the evaluation of HCC in patients with CHB infection. In addition, because different variables such as host factor, viral activity, and cirrhosis are used to evaluate the risk of HCC development, it is necessary to assess the risk by carefully verifying which variables are used. Recently, studies have also evaluated the risk of HCC using risk prediction models through transient elastography and artificial intelligence (AI) system. These HCC risk predication models are also noteworthy. In this review, we aimed to compare HCC risk prediction models in patients with CHB infection reported to date to confirm variables used and specificity between each model to determine an appropriate HCC risk prediction method.
Abstract 10729: Parametric T1 Mapping for Quantitative Differentiation of Cardiac Metastases and Thrombus on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Christine Park, Anna Plitt, Katherine Tak, Jiwon Kim, Richard Steingart, Jonathan W Weinsaft, Angel T Chan
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is widely used to assess cancer patients (pts) with cardiac masses (C MASS ); contrast uptake on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is a reference to distinguish cardiac metastases (C MET ) from thrombus (C THR ). Parametric T1 mapping is an alternate approach to quantify pre and post-contrast tissue properties: Utility of T1 mapping to differentiate C MET and C THR is unknown. Hypothesis: Among cancer pts with cardiac masses, pre and post contrast T1 mapping can distinguish C MET from C THR . Methods: The population comprised cancer pts with C MASS ; etiology was classified by presence (C MET ) or absence (C THR ) of enhancement on LGE-CMR. T1 mapping entailed a MOLLI pulse sequence acquired in co-registered locations (pre, post contrast) within C MASS as localized on cine-CMR - mobile masses (prohibiting T1 evaluation) were excluded. T1 analyses were performed blinded to clinical, LGE, cine-CMR data. Results: 94 C MASS pts (54±18 yo, 53% M) with an array of cancers (29% sarcoma, 19% GI, 13% GU) were studied, among whom 81% (n=76) had C MET and 19% (n=18) C THR on LGE-CMR. Cardiac structure, function, and clinical characteristics were similar (p=NS) between groups, but location differed with C THR right-sided [RA 94%, RV 6%) and C MET variable (LV 29%, RV 25%, LA 30%, RA 32%). On T1 mapping, C MET had longer pre-contrast T1 (1355±359 vs. 1135±195 msec, p=0.001) and shorter post contrast T1 (437±196 vs. 755±199 msec, p&lt;0.001), with resultant higher ECV (41±19 and 10±6%, p&lt;0.001) than did C THR ( Figure ). ROC analyses showed high overall diagnostic performance for T1 mapping to differentiate C MET from C THR based on AUC (pre: 0.71, post: 0.88, ECV: 0.92 [all p&lt;0.01): Maximum partition cutoffs for pre (1284msec) post (578msec) and ECV (22%) yielded good sensitivity and specificity to delineate C MASS subtypes. Conclusion: Among cancer pts with cardiac masses, T1 mapping - including pre and post contrast tissue characterization - can distinguish C MET from C THR .
Abstract 12024: Galectin 4 Is Associated With Incident Stroke - The Malmö Preventive Project Study
Authors: Amra Jujic, John Molvin, Manan Pareek, Olle MELANDER, Råstam Lennart, Ulf Lindblad, Bledar Daka, Hannes Holmes, Joao Duarte, Anja Meissner, Margret Leosdottir, Peter Nilsson, Michael Hecht Olsen, Martin Magnusson
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Galectin-4 (Gal-4) is a small protein in the gastrointestinal tract. It has been implicated in diabetes mellitus, incident coronary events, incident heart failure as well as all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. However, possible associations of Gal-4 with stroke have not yet been examined. Hypothesis: We explored if Gal-4 is associated with prevalent and incident stroke in a large population cohort. Methods: Gal-4 was analyzed by the proximity extension assay technique in 1737 participants from a subsample of the population-based Malmö Preventive Project (mean age 67 years, 29% women). Stroke was defined as all strokes (ischemic, hemorrhagic and undefined). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied for prevalent stroke (n=72). Prior to analyses of incident stroke, cases of prevalent stroke were excluded. Multivariate Cox regression models were applied for incident stroke. Results: Gal-4 levels were significantly higher in subjects with prevalent stroke (p=0.003) than in subjects free from prevalent stroke. Gal-4 (per doubling of concentration) was significantly associated with prevalent stroke in age and sex adjusted models (odds ratio 1.49; 95% confidence interval (1.04-2.14); p=0.032), but the associations was no longer significant upon further adjustment for traditional risk factors for stroke (OR 1.22 (0.82-1.82), p=0.339). Further, each doubling in Gal-4 concentration was associated with higher risk of incident stroke (n=1604; 327 events; median follow up time 12.6 (interquartile range 10.0-13.6) years; hazard ratio 1.24 (1.02-1.49); p=0.027) in a model adjusted for BMI, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, prevalent coronary events and anti-hypertensive treatment. Conclusions: In a large population cohort, Gal-4 was associated with incident stroke during a follow-up of 12 years, further implicating a role of Gal-4 in both cardiovascular and metabolic disease.