tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on fermented foods
Authors: Maria L. Marco, Mary Ellen Sanders, Michael Gänzle, Marie Claire Arrieta, Paul D. Cotter, Luc De Vuyst, Colin Hill, Wilhelm Holzapfel, Sarah Lebeer, Dan Merenstein, Gregor Reid, Benjamin E. Wolfe, Robert Hutkins
Journal: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (2021)

Abstract An expert panel was convened in September 2019 by The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to develop a definition for fermented foods and to describe their role in the human diet. Although these foods have been consumed for thousands of years, they are receiving increased attention among biologists, nutritionists, technologists, clinicians and consumers. Despite this interest, inconsistencies related to the use of the term ‘fermented’ led the panel to define fermented foods and beverages as “foods made through desired microbial growth and enzymatic conversions of food components”. This definition, encompassing the many varieties of fermented foods, is intended to clarify what is (and is not) a fermented food. The distinction between fermented foods and probiotics is further clarified. The panel also addressed the current state of knowledge on the safety, risks and health benefits, including an assessment of the nutritional attributes and a mechanistic rationale for how fermented foods could improve gastrointestinal and general health. The latest advancements in our understanding of the microbial ecology and systems biology of these foods were discussed. Finally, the panel reviewed how fermented foods are regulated and discussed efforts to include them as a separate category in national dietary guidelines.
DYRK1A regulates B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through phosphorylation of FOXO1 and STAT3
Authors: Rahul S. Bhansali, Malini Rammohan, Paul Lee, Anouchka P. Laurent, Qiang Wen, Praveen Suraneni, Bon Ham Yip, Yi-Chien Tsai, Silvia Jenni, Beat Bornhauser, Aurélie Siret, Corinne Fruit, Alexandra Pacheco-Benichou, Ethan Harris, Thierry Besson, Benjamin J. Thompson, Young Ah Goo, Nobuko Hijiya, Maria Vilenchik, Shai Izraeli, Jean-Pierre Bourquin, Sébastien Malinge, John D. Crispino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

DYRK1A is a serine/threonine kinase encoded on human chromosome 21 (HSA21) that has been implicated in several pathologies of Down syndrome (DS), including cognitive deficits and Alzheimer's disease. Although children with DS are predisposed to developing leukemia, especially B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the HSA21 genes that contribute to malignancies remain largely undefined. Here, we report that DYRK1A is overexpressed and required for B-ALL. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of DYRK1A decreased leukemic cell expansion and suppressed B-ALL development in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that FOXO1 and STAT3, transcription factors that are indispensable for B cell development, are critical substrates of DYRK1A. Loss of DYRK1A-mediated FOXO1 and STAT3 signaling disrupted DNA damage and ROS regulation, respectively, leading to preferential cell death in leukemic B cells. Thus, we reveal a DYRK1A/FOXO1/STAT3 axis that facilitates the development and maintenance of B-ALL.
Glaucoma in Adults—Screening, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Joshua D. Stein, Anthony P. Khawaja, Jennifer S. Weizer
Journal: JAMA (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Many patients with glaucoma are asymptomatic early in the disease course. Primary care clinicians should know which patients to refer to an eye care professional for a complete eye examination to check for signs of glaucoma and to determine what systemic conditions or medications can increase a patient's risk of glaucoma. Open-angle and narrow-angle forms of glaucoma are reviewed, including a description of the pathophysiology, risk factors, screening, disease monitoring, and treatment options. <h3>Observations</h3> Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy, characterized by damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer, that can lead to permanent loss of peripheral or central vision. Intraocular pressure is the only known modifiable risk factor. Other important risk factors include older age, nonwhite race, and a family history of glaucoma. Several systemic medical conditions and medications including corticosteroids, anticholinergics, certain antidepressants, and topiramate may predispose patients to glaucoma. There are 2 broad categories of glaucoma, open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma. Diagnostic testing to assess for glaucoma and to monitor for disease progression includes measurement of intraocular pressure, perimetry, and optical coherence tomography. Treatment of glaucoma involves lowering intraocular pressure. This can be achieved with various classes of glaucoma medications as well as laser and incisional surgical procedures. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Vision loss from glaucoma can be minimized by recognizing systemic conditions and medications that increase a patient's risk of glaucoma and referring high-risk patients for a complete ophthalmologic examination. Clinicians should ensure that patients remain adherent with taking glaucoma medications and should monitor for adverse events from medical or surgical interventions used to treat glaucoma.
Early High-Titer Plasma Therapy to Prevent Severe Covid-19 in Older Adults
Authors: Romina Libster, Gonzalo Pérez Marc, Diego Wappner, Silvina Coviello, Alejandra Bianchi, Virginia Braem, Ignacio Esteban, Mauricio T. Caballero, Cristian Wood, Mabel Berrueta, Aníbal Rondan, Gabriela Lescano, Pablo Cruz, Yvonne Ritou, Valeria Fernández Viña, Damián Álvarez Paggi, Sebastián Esperante, Adrián Ferreti, Gastón Ofman, Álvaro Ciganda, Rocío Rodriguez, Jorge Lantos, Ricardo Valentini, Nicolás Itcovici, Alejandra Hintze, M. Laura Oyarvide, Candela Etchegaray, Alejandra Neira, Ivonne Name, Julieta Alfonso, Rocío López Castelo, Gisela Caruso, Sofía Rapelius, Fernando Alvez, Federico Etchenique, Federico Dimase, Darío Alvarez, Sofía S. Aranda, Clara Sánchez Yanotti, Julián De Luca, Sofía Jares Baglivo, Sofía Laudanno, Florencia Nowogrodzki, Ramiro Larrea, María Silveyra, Gabriel Leberzstein, Alejandra Debonis, Juan Molinos, Miguel González, Eduardo Perez, Nicolás Kreplak, Susana Pastor Argüello, Luz Gibbons, Fernando Althabe, Eduardo Bergel, Fernando P. Polack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Therapies to interrupt the progression of early coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) remain elusive. Among them, convalescent plasma administered to hospitalized patients has been unsuccessful, perhaps because antibodies should be administered earlier in the course of illness.We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of convalescent plasma with high IgG titers against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in older adult patients within 72 hours after the onset of mild Covid-19 symptoms. The primary end point was severe respiratory disease, defined as a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute or more, an oxygen saturation of less than 93% while the patient was breathing ambient air, or both. The trial was stopped early at 76% of its projected sample size because cases of Covid-19 in the trial region decreased considerably and steady enrollment of trial patients became virtually impossible.A total of 160 patients underwent randomization. In the intention-to-treat population, severe respiratory disease developed in 13 of 80 patients (16%) who received convalescent plasma and 25 of 80 patients (31%) who received placebo (relative risk, 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29 to 0.94; P = 0.03), with a relative risk reduction of 48%. A modified intention-to-treat analysis that excluded 6 patients who had a primary end-point event before infusion of convalescent plasma or placebo showed a larger effect size (relative risk, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.81). No solicited adverse events were observed.Early administration of high-titer convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 to mildly ill infected older adults reduced the progression of Covid-19. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Fundación INFANT Pandemic Fund; Dirección de Sangre y Medicina Transfusional del Ministerio de Salud number, PAEPCC19, Plataforma de Registro Informatizado de Investigaciones en Salud number, 1421, and ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04479163.).
Bone Mineral Density Evolution and Its Determinants in Long-term Survivors of Childhood Acute Leukemia
Authors: Marie-Dominique Tabone, Sami Kolta, Pascal Auquier, Camille Vercasson, Pascal Chastagner, Justyna Kanold, Pierre-Simon Rohrlich, Yves Bertrand, André Baruchel, Dominique Plantaz, Virginie Gandemer, Stéphane Ducassou, Arnaud Petit, Catherine Paillard, Guy Leverger, Jean-Hugues Dalle, Julie Berbis, Christian Roux, Gérard Michel
Journal: HemaSphere (2021)

This prospective study aimed to analyze determinants that can influence bone mineral density evolution in childhood acute leukemia survivors. Patients included were selected from the long-term follow-up LEA cohort and had dual energy radiograph absorptiometry scan between 10 and 18 years and after the age of 18. All scans were centrally reviewed. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and whole body, and expressed as z-score. Eighty-nine patients (female 39, lymphoblastic leukemia 68, relapse 25, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 44, and mean age 15.4 and 20.1 years at the first and second scans, respectively) were studied. The first and second scan z-scores were significantly correlated (P < 10-3). Mean femoral neck and total hip z-scores improved significantly between the first and second scans, whereas no significant evolution occurred at the lumbar spine and whole-body level. On the second evaluation, 14.6% of patients had z-score <-2 at the lumbar spine and 4.3% at the femoral neck level. Gender, type of leukemia, transplantation, relapse, cumulative corticosteroid doses, or growth hormone deficiency did not have any significant impact on z-score variation. Younger age at diagnosis (≤8.5 years) proved an unfavorable risk factor for z-score evolution at the lumbar spine (P = 0.041); the trend did not reach statistical significance for metabolic syndrome (P = 0.054). At the femoral neck, both were associated with unfavorable z-score evolution (P = 0.003 and 0.025, respectively). Patients treated at a younger age and those with metabolic syndrome seem to be at higher risk of bone mineral density decline and should benefit from specific interventions.
Implementation and Outcomes of Virtual Care Across a Tertiary Cancer Center During COVID-19
Authors: Alejandro Berlin, Mike Lovas, Tran Truong, Sheena Melwani, Justin Liu, Zhihui Amy Liu, Adam Badzynski, Mary Beth Carpenter, Carl Virtanen, Lyndon Morley, Onil Bhattacharyya, Marnie Escaf, Lesley Moody, Avi Goldfarb, Luke Brzozowski, Joseph Cafazzo, Melvin L. K. Chua, A. Keith Stewart, Monika K. Krzyzanowska
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has burdened health care resources and disrupted care of patients with cancer. Virtual care (VC) represents a potential solution. However, few quantitative data support its rapid implementation and positive associations with service capacity and quality.To examine the outcomes of a cancer center-wide virtual care program in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.This cohort study applied a hospitalwide agile service design to map gaps and develop a customized digital solution to enable at-scale VC across a publicly funded comprehensive cancer center. Data were collected from a high-volume cancer center in Ontario, Canada, from March 23 to May 22, 2020.Outcome measures were care delivery volumes, quality of care, patient and practitioner experiences, and cost savings to patients.The VC solution was developed and launched 12 days after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 22 085 VC visits (mean, 514 visits per day) were conducted, comprising 68.4% (range, 18.8%-100%) of daily visits compared with 0.8% before launch (P < .001). Ambulatory clinic volumes recovered a month after deployment (3714-4091 patients per week), whereas chemotherapy and radiotherapy caseloads (1943-2461 patients per week) remained stable throughout. No changes in institutional or provincial quality-of-care indexes were observed. A total of 3791 surveys (3507 patients and 284 practitioners) were completed; 2207 patients (82%) and 92 practitioners (72%) indicated overall satisfaction with VC. The direct cost of this initiative was CAD$ 202 537, and displacement-related cost savings to patients totaled CAD$ 3 155 946.These findings suggest that implementation of VC at scale at a high-volume cancer center may be feasible. An agile service design approach was able to preserve outpatient caseloads and maintain care quality, while rendering high patient and practitioner satisfaction. These findings may help guide the transformation of telemedicine in the post COVID-19 era.
Abstract 13349: Prediction of Perinatal Outcomes in Fetuses With Ebstein’s Anomaly or Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia
Authors: Tsukasa Torigoe, Lindsay R Freud, Michael Puchalski, Anita L Szwast, Grace A Freire, Ann K Kavanaugh-Mchugh, Stephanie Levasseur, Chun-Po Fan, Wayne Tworetzky, Edgar T Jaeggi
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Ebstein’s anomaly and tricuspid valve dysplasia (EA/TVD) carry high risks of fetal (F) and neonatal (N) death. Factors previously shown to be associated with mortality include increased...
Lifelong restriction of dietary branched-chain amino acids has sex-specific benefits for frailty and life span in mice
Authors: Nicole E. Richardson, Elizabeth N. Konon, Haley S. Schuster, Alexis T. Mitchell, Colin Boyle, Allison C. Rodgers, Megan Finke, Lexington R. Haider, Deyang Yu, Victoria Flores, Heidi H. Pak, Soha Ahmad, Sareyah Ahmed, Abigail Radcliff, Jessica Wu, Elizabeth M. Williams, Lovina Abdi, Dawn S. Sherman, Timothy A. Hacker, Dudley W. Lamming
Journal: Nature Aging (2021)
Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide 3.0 mg and 4.5 mg Versus Dulaglutide 1.5 mg in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Controlled Trial (AWARD-11)
Authors: Juan P. Frias, Enzo Bonora, Luis Nevarez Ruiz, Ying G. Li, Zhuoxin Yu, Zvonko Milicevic, Raleigh Malik, M. Angelyn Bethel, David A. Cox
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE To compare efficacy and safety of dulaglutide at doses of 3.0 and 4.5 mg versus 1.5 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to once-weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg, 3.0 mg, or 4.5 mg for 52 weeks. The primary objective was determining superiority of dulaglutide 3.0 mg and/or 4.5 mg over 1.5 mg in HbA1c reduction at 36 weeks. Secondary superiority objectives included change in body weight. Two estimands addressed efficacy objectives: treatment regimen (regardless of treatment discontinuation or rescue medication) and efficacy (on treatment without rescue medication) in all randomly assigned patients. RESULTS Mean baseline HbA1c and BMI in randomly assigned patients (N = 1,842) was 8.6% (70 mmol/mol) and 34.2 kg/m2, respectively. At 36 weeks, dulaglutide 4.5 mg provided superior HbA1c reductions compared with 1.5 mg (treatment-regimen estimand: −1.77 vs. −1.54% [−19.4 vs. −16.8 mmol/mol], estimated treatment difference [ETD] −0.24% (−2.6 mmol/mol), P &amp;lt; 0.001; efficacy estimand: −1.87 vs. −1.53% [−20.4 vs. −16.7 mmol/mol], ETD −0.34% (−3.7 mmol/mol), P &amp;lt; 0.001). Dulaglutide 3.0 mg was superior to 1.5 mg for reducing HbA1c, using the efficacy estimand (ETD −0.17% [−1.9 mmol/mol]; P = 0.003) but not the treatment-regimen estimand (ETD −0.10% [−1.1 mmol/mol]; P = 0.096). Dulaglutide 4.5 mg was superior to 1.5 mg for weight loss at 36 weeks for both estimands (treatment regimen: −4.6 vs. −3.0 kg, ETD −1.6 kg, P &amp;lt; 0.001; efficacy: −4.7 vs. −3.1 kg, ETD −1.6 kg, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Common adverse events through 36 weeks included nausea (1.5 mg, 13.4%; 3 mg, 15.6%; 4.5 mg, 16.4%) and vomiting (1.5 mg, 5.6%; 3 mg, 8.3%; 4.5 mg, 9.3%). CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin, escalation from dulaglutide 1.5 mg to 3.0 mg or 4.5 mg provided clinically relevant, dose-related reductions in HbA1c and body weight with a similar safety profile.
Prediction of future Alzheimer’s disease dementia using plasma phospho-tau combined with other accessible measures
Authors: Sebastian Palmqvist, Pontus Tideman, Nicholas Cullen, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Jeffery L. Dage, Erik Stomrud, Shorena Janelidze, Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren, Oskar Hansson
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)
The COVID-19 Pandemic Vulnerability Index (PVI) Dashboard: Monitoring County-Level Vulnerability Using Visualization, Statistical Modeling, and Machine Learning
Authors: Skylar W. Marvel, John S. House, Matthew Wheeler, Kuncheng Song, Yi-Hui Zhou, Fred A. Wright, Weihsueh A. Chiu, Ivan Rusyn, Alison Motsinger-Reif, David M. Reif
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)
Recommendations for determining the validity of consumer wearable heart rate devices: expert statement and checklist of the INTERLIVE Network
Authors: Jan M Mühlen, Julie Stang, Esben Lykke Skovgaard, Pedro B Judice, Pablo Molina-Garcia, William Johnston, Luís B Sardinha, Francisco B Ortega, Brian Caulfield, Wilhelm Bloch, Sulin Cheng, Ulf Ekelund, Jan Christian Brønd, Anders Grøntved, Moritz Schumann
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

Assessing vital signs such as heart rate (HR) by wearable devices in a lifestyle-related environment provides widespread opportunities for public health related research and applications. Commonly, consumer wearable devices assessing HR are based on photoplethysmography (PPG), where HR is determined by absorption and reflection of emitted light by the blood. However, methodological differences and shortcomings in the validation process hamper the comparability of the validity of various wearable devices assessing HR. Towards Intelligent Health and Well-Being: Network of Physical Activity Assessment (INTERLIVE) is a joint European initiative of six universities and one industrial partner. The consortium was founded in 2019 and strives towards developing best-practice recommendations for evaluating the validity of consumer wearables and smartphones. This expert statement presents a best-practice validation protocol for consumer wearables assessing HR by PPG. The recommendations were developed through the following multi-stage process: (1) a systematic literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, (2) an unstructured review of the wider literature pertaining to factors that may introduce bias during the validation of these devices and (3) evidence-informed expert opinions of the INTERLIVE Network. A total of 44 articles were deemed eligible and retrieved through our systematic literature review. Based on these studies, a wider literature review and our evidence-informed expert opinions, we propose a validation framework with standardised recommendations using six domains: considerations for the target population, criterion measure, index measure, testing conditions, data processing and the statistical analysis. As such, this paper presents recommendations to standardise the validity testing and reporting of PPG-based HR wearables used by consumers. Moreover, checklists are provided to guide the validation protocol development and reporting. This will ensure that manufacturers, consumers, healthcare providers and researchers use wearables safely and to its full potential.
2021 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Same-Day Discharge After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sunil V. Rao, Mladen I. Vidovich, Ian C. Gilchrist, Rajiv Gulati, J. Antonio Gutierrez, Connie N. Hess, Prashant Kaul, Sara C. Martinez, Jennifer Rymer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Abstract 11437: A Cardiac a-Myosin Heavy Chain (MYH6) Mutation Impairing Sarcomere Structure Responsible for Familial Sick Sinus Syndrome
Authors: Taisuke Ishikawa, Akihiko Nogami, Shinya Kowase, Akinori Kimura, Naomasa Makita
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is a common arrhythmia often associated with aging or underlying structural heart diseases, but it may occur in a familial form. Mutations responsible for fami...
High prevalence of heterotopic ossification in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Elisa Stoira, Luigia Elzi, Carla Puligheddu, Riccardo Garibaldi, Camelia Voinea, Alessandro Felice Chiesa, Micol Pallanza, Barbara Lucchini, Luca Sardella, Mauro Natale
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2021)
Case 1-2021: A 76-Year-Old Woman with Lethargy and Altered Mental Status
Authors: Lisa M. Bebell, R. Gilberto Gonzalez, Amy K. Barczak, Melis N. Anahtar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

A 76-year-old woman with a history of gastric adenocarcinoma and chronic kidney disease presented with lethargy and altered mental status. She had anemia and thrombocytopenia; MRI showed foci of restricted diffusion in the left cerebellar hemisphere and right frontal lobe. A diagnostic test was performed.
The Prognostic Significance of the Complete IgH Rearrangement Pattern Using the BIOMED-2 Protocol in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Tomohiro Yabushita, Hayato Maruoka, Yoshimitsu Shimomura, Nobuhiro Hiramoto, Satoshi Yoshioka, Hisako Hashimoto, Takayuki Ishikawa
Journal: Blood (2017)
NICE guideline on long COVID
Authors: Priya Venkatesan
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)

As the global COVID-19 pandemic has progressed, evidence has emerged that some patients are experiencing prolonged multiorgan symptoms and complications beyond the initial period of acute infection and illness. The list of persisting and new symptoms reported by patients is extensive, including chronic cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness, cognitive dysfunction, and extreme fatigue. Termed long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome, the implications and consequences of such ongoing clinical manifestations are a growing health concern.
Impaired ribosome biogenesis checkpoint activation induces p53-dependent MCL-1 degradation and MYC-driven lymphoma death
Authors: Ana Domostegui, Suresh Peddigari, Carol A. Mercer, Flavia Iannizzotto, Marta L. Rodriguez, Marta Garcia-Cajide, Virginia Amador, Sarah T. Diepstraten, Gemma L. Kelly, Ramón Salazar, Sara C. Kozma, Eric P. Kusnadi, Jian Kang, Antonio Gentilella, Richard B. Pearson, George Thomas, Joffrey Pelletier
Journal: Blood (2021)
PR01.02 Smoking Cessation After Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Risk of Second Primary Lung Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: E. Choi, S. Luo, M. Tammemägi, J. Aredo, L. Marchand, I. Cheng, H. Wakelee, S. Han
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)