tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AMA grams
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients (pts) with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with nivolumab (N) plus chemotherapy (CT) or nivo plus ipilimumab (I) versus chemo: Results from CheckMate 648.
Authors: John A. Bridgewater, Ian Chau, Joseph Gricar, Steven I. Blum, Fiona Taylor, Rachael Lawrance, Brad Padilla, Christine Yip, Lucjan Wyrwicz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

262 Background: This analysis evaluated HRQoL as exploratory endpoints in CheckMate 648, a randomized, open-label, global Phase 3 study, evaluating treatment with N+I, N+CT and CT alone in inoperable advanced, recurrent, or metastatic ESCC. Methods: The effects of N+I vs N+CT vs CT on HRQoL were assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Esophageal (FACT-E) (including the GP5 item to assess impact of side effects) and EQ-5D-3L. A mixed model for repeated measures was used to evaluate longitudinal changes from baseline (BL) and differences between treatment groups. Comparison of the risk of being bothered by the side effects of treatment was estimated for the GP5 using generalized estimating equation (GEE). Time to confirmed deterioration (TTCD) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier plots along with Cox proportional hazard models. Analyses were conducted on both the all-randomized population and the subset of patients with PD-L1 expression ≥1%. Results: 970 pts were randomized 1:1:1 to N+I (n=325), N+CT (n=321), or CT (n=324). 90% of pts completed both a BL and at least one on-treatment assessment and were included in the PRO analysis population. FACT-E (all randomized pts). Study showed similar BL scores across all 3 treatment groups. Changes from BL showed a trend towards better HRQoL for pts treated with N+I and N+CT compared to CT alone, however these results were not statistically significant. Patients treated with N+I had significantly decreased risk of experiencing bother associated with the side effects of treatment than patients treated with either N+CT or CT. TTCD analysis demonstrated delayed deterioration for pts treated with N+CT vs CT. Findings for PD-L1 ≥1% subpopulation were similar to all randomized pts. Conclusions: In pts with inoperable advanced, recurrent, or metastatic ESCC, HRQoL is maintained throughout treatment with N+I and N+CT. Trends towards better HRQoL and decreased risk of deterioration were observed with N+I and N+CT compared to CT alone. Clinical trial information: NCT03143153. [Table: see text]
Research brief
Authors: Dara Mohammadi
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2017)

US scientists have created a vancomycin analogue they think will push back the threat of antibiotic resistance. The analogue, made by researchers at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, CA, USA, has three independent modes of action on bacterial cell wall synthesis or maintenance. It has proved effective against vancomycin-resistant strains of both enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, which showed no resistance after 50 rounds of testing. The findings are preliminary, with the 30-step manufacturing process needing to be simplified before testing in animals and people.
Three Sides to the Story: Adherence Trajectories During the First Year of SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Chelsea E. Hawley, Julie C. Lauffenburger, Julie M. Paik, Deborah J. Wexler, Seoyoung C. Kim, Elisabetta Patorno
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE We aimed to understand the factors associated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) adherence and longitudinal adherence trajectories in older adults with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using Medicare claims data (April 2013–December 2017), we identified 83,675 new SGLT2i users ≥66 years old with type 2 diabetes. We measured SGLT2i adherence as the proportion of days covered (PDC) during the first year of SGLT2i therapy. We used linear regression to assess the association between baseline covariates and PDC. Then we used group-based trajectory modeling to identify distinct longitudinal SGLT2i adherence groups and used a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the association between baseline covariates and membership in these adherence groups. RESULTS Unadjusted mean PDC was 63%. Previous adherence to statins had the strongest positive association with PDC (regression coefficient 6.00% [95% CI 5.50, 6.50]), whereas female sex (−5.51% [−6.02, −5.00]), and Black race/ethnicity (−5.06% [−6.03, −4.09]) had the strongest negative association. We identified three adherence trajectory groups: low (23% of patients, mean PDC 17%), moderate (32%, mean PDC 50%), and high (45%, mean PDC 96%) adherence. More patients in the high adherence group were previously adherent to statins (odds ratio 1.43 [95% CI 1.39, 1.48]), and more women (1.28 [1.23, 1.32]) and Black patients (1.31 [1.23, 1.40]) were in the low adherence group. CONCLUSIONS In a large population of older patients with type 2 diabetes, 45% were highly adherent during the first year of SGLT2i treatment. Female sex and Black race/ethnicity were most strongly associated with low adherence.
Incorrect Answer in CME Online Quiz Questions
Authors: Mihaela Stefan, Penelope Pekow, Peter Lindenauer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Investigation titled "Association of Antibiotic Treatment With Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for an Asthma Exacerbation Treated With Systemic Corticosteroids," 2 published online in the March 2019 issue of JAMA Internal Medicine, a quiz answer option has been updated.In Question 4, option C has been changed to "Lower risk of treatment failure."The quiz has been updated online.
General and mental health status following colorectal cancer treatment and its association with mortality among a racially diverse population-based cohort.
Authors: Paul Yoon, Stephanie Navarro, Carol Ochoa, Elleyse Garrett, Angel Arizpe, Albert Farias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

45 Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are recognized as strong predictors of cancer prognosis, outcomes, and care. However, racial/ethnic minorities with colorectal cancer (CRC) tend to report poorer general health status (GHS) and mental health status (MHS) compared to non-Hispanic whites. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) if there are racial/ethnic differences in GHS and MHS within 36 months of CRC diagnosis and (2) if poorer GHS and MHS in recently diagnosed CRC patients are associated with mortality. Methods: We used the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) dataset to analyze Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years who were diagnosed with CRC between 1998 and 2011, received surgical resection for their tumor, and completed a CAHPS survey within 6-36 months post-diagnosis. CAHPS surveys captured patient-reported GHS and MHS on a five-point Likert scale ranging from “poor” to “excellent.” We used stepwise multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between patient race/ethnicity and fair or poor health status, adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic factors. Additionally, a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the risks of mortality associated with fair or poor GHS and MHS. Results: Of 1,867 patients with CRC, 79.5% were non-Hispanic white (NHW), 6.4% were non-Hispanic black (NHB), 7.5% were Hispanic, and 6.6% were non-Hispanic Asian (NHA). In Model 1 of our stepwise logistic regression, NHB patients had higher unadjusted odds for fair or poor GHS (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06-2.28) compared to NHW patients while Hispanic patients had higher unadjusted odds for both fair or poor GHS (1.48, 1.04-2.11) and MHS (1.92, 1.23-3.01). In Model 2, this relationship persisted after adjusting for clinical factors, with NHB patients being more likely to report fair or poor GHS (1.62, 1.10-2.40) and Hispanic patients being more likely to report fair or poor GHS (1.49, 1.04-2.13) and MHS (1.92, 1.22-3.00). In Model 3, after adjusting for both clinical and sociodemographic factors, the association between race/ethnicity and fair or poor GHS ( p = 0.53) and MHS ( p = 0.23) no longer remained. Reporting fair or poor GHS and MHS was associated with a greater risk of mortality among all CRC patients (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.31-1.76 and 1.62, 1.34-1.99, respectively). Conclusions: Our study illustrates that racial/ethnic differences in PROs are largely driven by sociodemographic factors as opposed to clinical factors. As fair or poor GHS and MHS shortly after diagnosis reflect a higher risk of mortality in CRC patients, efforts to understand unmet biopsychosocial concerns may help further elucidate racial differences in CRC survival that may be otherwise overlooked in standard clinical practice.
Reprogramming cholesterol metabolism in macrophages and its role in host defense against cholesterol-dependent cytolysins
Authors: Min-Sub Lee, Steven J. Bensinger
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2022)

Cholesterol is a critical lipid for all mammalian cells, ensuring proper membrane integrity, fluidity, and biochemical function. Accumulating evidence indicates that macrophages rapidly and profoundly reprogram their cholesterol metabolism in response to activation signals to support host defense processes. However, our understanding of the molecular details underlying how and why cholesterol homeostasis is specifically reshaped during immune responses remains less well understood. This review discusses our current knowledge of cellular cholesterol homeostatic machinery and introduces emerging concepts regarding how plasma membrane cholesterol is partitioned into distinct pools. We then discuss how proinflammatory signals can markedly reshape the cholesterol metabolism of macrophages, with a focus on the differences between MyD88-dependent pattern recognition receptors and the interferon signaling pathway. We also discuss recent work investigating the capacity of these proinflammatory signals to selectively reshape plasma membrane cholesterol homeostasis. We examine how these changes in plasma membrane cholesterol metabolism influence sensitivity to a set of microbial pore-forming toxins known as cholesterol-dependent cytolysins that specifically target cholesterol for their effector functions. We also discuss whether lipid metabolic reprogramming can be leveraged for therapy to mitigate tissue damage mediated by cholesterol-dependent cytolysins in necrotizing fasciitis and other related infections. We expect that advancing our understanding of the crosstalk between metabolism and innate immunity will help explain how inflammation underlies metabolic diseases and highlight pathways that could be targeted to normalize metabolic homeostasis in disease states.
Targeted therapy (TT) in patients with KRAS wildtype (WT) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) produces durable response.
Authors: Maahum Mehdi, Kaitlin Annunzio, Bradley W. Taylor, Aniko Szabo, Aditya V. Shreenivas, Sakti Chakrabarti, James P. Thomas, Susan Tsai, Kathleen K. Christians, Douglas B. Evans, Callisia Clarke, William A. Hall, Beth Erickson, Bicky Thapa, Gulrayz Ahmed, Ben George, Mandana Kamgar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

596 Background: Genomic alterations (GA) that drive cancer development and predict therapeutic response remain elusive in patients (pts) with KRAS WT PDAC. We interrogated our institutional database to identify actionable GAs in pts with metastatic, KRAS WT PDAC and analyzed the therapeutic impact of matched TT. Methods: We reviewed electronic medical records of KRAS WT PDAC pts (n=24) who underwent comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) utilizing Foundation One CDx (25.0%) or Tempus (75.0%) between 2015-2021. Duration of response (DOR) was calculated from date of treatment (Tx) initiation to Tx discontinuation. Overall survival (OS) was measured from the date of the diagnosis (Dx) of advanced disease (AD) to death or last follow-up. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, with at-risk periods left-truncated at the time of CGP. The effect of covariates on survival was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Of the 24 KRAS WT pts, 14 (58%) had AD: 8 (57%) pts had metastatic disease at or shortly after Dx, 6 (43%) pts developed metachronous recurrence. Median age at Dx for pts with AD was 65, and 57% were female. Seven of 14 pts with AD (50%) had highly actionable GA (HAGA), (Table). Pts with HAGA demonstrated durable responses to TT (Table) with manageable toxicities. Pts with HAGA had a median OS of 28 mo compared to 5.9 mo for those without (Hazard Ratio = 0.47, p = 0.33). Conclusions: The sustained therapeutic benefit noted with TT matched to HAGA in pts with KRAS WT PDAC underscores the need for systematic interrogation of the somatic genome in PDAC pts. Optimal sequencing of cytotoxic therapy with TT and its impact on modulating clonal selection pressure in pts with KRAS WT PDAC merits prospective evaluation.[Table: see text]
Height and bone mineral content after inhaled corticosteroid use in the first 6 years of life
Authors: Asja Kunøe, Astrid Sevelsted, Bo L K Chawes, Jakob Stokholm, Martin Krakauer, Klaus Bønnelykke, Hans Bisgaard
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Background Infants and young children might be particularly susceptible to the potential side effects from inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) on height and bone mineral content (BMC), but this has rarely been studied in long-term prospective studies. Methods Children from two Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood cohorts were included. ICS use was registered prospectively from birth to age 6 and the cumulative dose was calculated. Primary outcomes were height and BMC from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at age 6. Results At age 6, a total of 930 children (84%) from the cohorts had a valid height measurement and 792 (71%) had a DXA scan. 291 children (31%) received a cumulated ICS dose equivalent to or above 10 weeks of standard treatment before age 6. We found an inverse association between ICS use and height, −0.26 cm (95% CI: −0.45 to −0.07) per 1 year standard treatment from 0 to 6 years of age, p=0.006. This effect was mainly driven by children with ongoing treatment between age 5 and 6 years (−0.31 cm (95% CI: −0.52 to −0.1), p=0.004), while there was no significant association in children who stopped treatment at least 1 year before age 6 (−0.09 cm (95% CI: −0.46 to 0.28), p=0.64). There was no association between ICS use and BMC at age 6. Conclusions ICS use in early childhood was associated with reduced height at age 6 years but only in children with continued treatment in the sixth year of life.
THE HEMODYNAMICS OF PERFUSION
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TCT-665 Co-registration of Optical Coherence Tomography and X-ray Angiography in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. The Does Optical Coherence Tomography Optimize Revascularization (DOCTOR) Fusion Study
Authors: Lasse Hebsgaard, Troels M. Nielsen, Shengxian Tu, Karsten T. Veien, Johan H. Reiber, Christian J. Terkelsen, Lars Krusell, Jens F. Lassen, Evald H. Christiansen, Niels R. Holm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Edwin M. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Cesarean births currently represent about 22% of all deliveries nationally and have significantly replaced many traditional modes of vaginal delivery. This reflects not only a shift in concerns from maternal to fetal and infant outcome, but also the influence of medicolegal pressures brought to bear on these concerns. Extensive controversy, pro and con, surrounding the rising cesarean incidence and means to lower cesarean delivery rates has swelled the obstetric literature in the past decade. The editors of<i>Cesarean Delivery</i>have assembled 33 clinically oriented contributors who have provided the 39 chapters of this book, which address and analyze the major areas of controversy surrounding the use of cesarean section in the management of obstetric problems. Each chapter presents a timely and comprehensive literature review covering both sides of the controversy. This, together with an excellent current bibliography in each chapter, makes this book particularly desirable. Of particular clinical importance to
The assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure and its clinical relevance: a 100-year journey from Europe, over the United States to Australia
Authors: Gabor Kovacs, Bradley A. Maron
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

The elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure is a clinically important, robust, prognostic relevant haemodynamic marker in several diseases and conditions https://bit.ly/3lrN9rF
LETTER FROM NEW YORK.
Authors: None P. B. P.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

(FROM OUR REGULAR CORRESPONDENT.) The Use of the Forceps after Version—Unique Case of Extra-Uterine Pregnancy—Trouble at the University Medical School. At the last meeting of the Section on Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Academy of Medicine, Dr. H. C. Coe read a paper on "The Immediate Application of the Forceps to the After-coming Head in Cases of Version with Partial Dilatation of the Os; " the object of this procedure being the saving of infants' lives which at present are usually sacrificed. He desired, he said at the outset, to call attention to a single condition in which the forceps should be at once used in cases of version, and did not wish to be understood as advising their general use after version, or even the immediate delivery of the child. The following illustrative cases were cited: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —Primipara, æt. 35, with slight contraction of the anterior conjugate diameter. Patient
Drug review, approval process changing
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The FDA made news this year when it put into effect substantial revisions of the regulations that govern the drug review and approval process. The revisions have altered the way drug manufacturers submit marketing applications, making them smaller and more focused on the needs of particular reviewers; emphasized the FDA's willingness to rely on good foreign data; required that the safety part of pending marketing applications be updated while the applications were under review; and, in general, were designed to make the review process more efficient without impairing its quality. The operating units of the FDA most affected by the new regulations, says Robert J. Temple, MD, director of the Office of Drug Research and Review, are his office and its counterpart for biologics, the Office of Biologics Research and Review. These two units are responsible for the evaluation and approval or nonapproval of all new drugs and biologics. When
Tumor immunology
Authors: J. M. Kagan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE IMMUNOLOGY of human tumors is evolving conceptually and in applications. Advances in molecular biology and biotechnology are contributing substantially to these changes through the production of monoclonal antibodies and lymphokines. New immune diagnostic procedures are extending the sensitivity of tumor detection techniques and, with certain tumors, are achieving a reordering of tumor classification and prognostic evaluation. Immune-based therapies are making a difference in some tumors. More effective interventions, however, are still being sought for many common neoplasms. Human tumors differ antigenically from well-differentiated tissues, and tumor-associated antigens can be recognized by murine (or human) immune cells through the production of specific antibodies. These antibodies are being capitalized on for tumor classification and preferential delivery of toxic agents to tumors. Most tumors in man, however, are poorly immunogenic in the sense that they elicit little or no rejection reaction in the patient. An immune response, including antibody formation, can occur,
The prognostic value of peak exercise oxygen consumption (VO2) testing in heart failure patients on beta-blockers Linda R. Peterson, Allison Barrett, Pilar Herrero, Timothy Meyers, Ali A. Ehsani, Edward M. Geltman, Gregory A. Ewald, Michael W. Rich, Joseph G. Rogers. Washington University, St. Louis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Medical News
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal