tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Health Care Costs of Smoking
Authors: C Sauter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Background Although smoking cessation is de- sirable from a public health perspective, its consequences with respect to health care costs are still debated.Smokers have more disease than nonsmokers, but nonsmokers live longer and can incur more health costs at advanced ages.We analyzed health care costs for smokers and nonsmokers and estimated the economic consequences of smoking cessation. MethodsWe used three life tables to examine the effect of smoking on health care costs -one for a mixed population of smokers and nonsmokers, one for a population of smokers, and one for a population of nonsmokers.We also used a dynamic method to estimate the effects of smoking cessation on health care costs over time.Results Health care costs for smokers at a given age are as much as 40 percent higher than those for nonsmokers, but in a population in which no one smoked the costs would be 7 percent higher among men and 4 percent higher among women than the costs in the current mixed population of smokers and nonsmokers.If all smokers quit, health care costs would be lower at first, but after 15 years they would become higher than at present.In the long term, complete smoking cessation would produce a net increase in health care costs, but it could still be seen as economically favorable under reasonable assumptions of discount rate and evaluation period.Conclusions If people stopped smoking, there would be a savings in health care costs, but only in the short term.Eventually, smoking cessation would lead to increased health care costs.
Effects of left ventricular loading by negative intrathoracic pressure in dogs.
Authors: M JHausknecht, K PBrin, M LWeisfeldt, SPermutt, F CYin
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

There are many factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic to the left ventricle, that can affect its function when negative intrathoracic pressure is imposed. In this study, we examined whether the left ventricular response to the afterload imposed by negative intrathoracic pressure was similar to that imposed by partial aortic constriction. We used steady-state right heart bypass to control pulmonary venous return to the left ventricle and reflex blockade to maintain constant heart rate and contractility. To impose negative intrathoracic pressure we used a pressure chamber fitted over a midsternal thoracotomy, which allowed steady negative pressure to be applied to all intrathoracic surfaces. Left ventricular volumes were measured from biplane cineradiograms of multiple 1-mm markers implanted in the left ventricular midwall. With cardiac output and heart rate constant, we compared the left ventricular response to two different levels of negative intrathoracic pressure and to increasing aortic pressure by part...
Passage Of The Ftrd System With The Help Of A Dilatation Balloon Due To Severe Colonic Angulation And Subsequent Use
Authors: PJ Rosón, FM Fernandez, MA Romero, E Albeniz
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Patient with an adenomatous recurrence located in the hepatic angle, on a tattoo area, referred for resection using the FTRD system.
Zebrafish <i>Scube1</i> and <i>Scube2</i> cooperate in promoting Vegfa signalling during embryonic vascularization
Authors: Ku-Chi Tsao, Yuh-Charn Lin, Yi-Ting Chen, Shih-Lei Lai, Ruey-Bing Yang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

The secreted and membrane-anchored signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing proteins (SCUBE) gene family composed of three members was originally identified from endothelial cells (ECs). We recently showed that membrane SCUBE2 binds vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and acts as a co-receptor for VEGF receptor 2 to modulate EC migration, proliferation, and tube formation during postnatal and tumour angiogenesis. However, whether these SCUBE genes cooperate in modulating VEGF signalling during embryonic vascular development remains unknown.To further dissect the genetic interactions of these scube genes, transcription activator-like effector nuclease-mediated genome editing was used to generate knockout (KO) alleles of each scube gene. No overt vascular phenotypes were seen in any single scube KO mutants because of compensation by other scube genes during zebrafish development. However, scube1 and scube2 double KO (DKO) severely impaired EC filopodia extensions, migration, and proliferation, thus disrupting proper vascular lumen formation during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis as well as development of the organ-specific intestinal vasculature. Further genetic, biochemical, and molecular analyses revealed that Scube1 and Scube2 might act cooperatively at the cell-surface receptor level to facilitate Vegfa signalling during zebrafish embryonic vascularization.We showed for the first time that cooperation between scube1 and scube2 is critical for proper regulation of angiogenic cell behaviours and formation of functional vessels during zebrafish embryonic development.
Effects of age on endothelium-dependent vasodilation of resistance coronary artery by acetylcholine in humans.
Authors: KEgashira, TInou, YHirooka, HKai, MSugimachi, SSuzuki, TKuga, YUrabe, ATakeshita
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDIt has been suggested that endothelium-related vasomotion is important in the control of coronary circulation. Our goal was to determine if endothelium-dependent dilation of the coronary vasculature was altered with aging in 18 patients with atypical chest pain (age, 23-70 years) who had angiographically normal coronary arteries and no coronary risk factors.METHODS AND RESULTSWe infused an endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (1, 3, 10, and 30 micrograms/min) and an endothelium-independent vasodilator papaverine (10 mg) into the left coronary artery. The large coronary diameter was assessed by arteriography, and the increase in coronary blood flow was measured using the intracoronary Doppler catheter technique. Acetylcholine increased coronary blood flow in a dose-dependent manner with no changes in arterial pressure and heart rate. The maximum increase in coronary blood flow evoked by acetylcholine varied widely among patients (increase in coronary blood flow ranged from 200% to 560%...
Susceptibility of Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants to Neutralization
Authors: Guo-Lin Wang, Zhuang-Ye Wang, Li-Jun Duan, Qing-Chuan Meng, Ming-Dong Jiang, Jing Cao, Lin Yao, Ka-Li Zhu, Wu-Chun Cao, Mai-Juan Ma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants by Convalescent and Vaccinee Serum Analysis of serum samples from patients convalescing after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after vaccination with BBIBP-CorV or Cor...
Congruence of total and perfused capillary network in rat brains.
Authors: UGöbel, HTheilen, WKuschinsky
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

In awake normocapnic rats, the density of the total and of the perfused capillary network was determined in 10 brain areas. The density of perfused capillaries was measured by using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) globulin or Evans blue as intravenous marker and by fluorescent microscopy. The density of morphologically existing capillaries was determined according to either the histochemical alkaline phosphatase method or a newly developed immunohistochemical fluorescent method that allows marking of the capillary wall constituent fibronectin with a primary antibody directed against fibronectin. This antibody is made visible by a second FITC-coupled antibody (indirect immunofluorescence). Comparison of perfused and existing capillary counts revealed high congruence when fluorescent results were compared. In contrast, the alkaline phosphatase technique yielded capillary counts that were consistently 30% lower than the fibronectin and the FITC globulin counts. The identity of the perfused and the morpholo...
Intermittent perfusion of ischemic myocardium. Possible mechanisms of protective effects on mechanical function in isolated rat heart.
Authors: MTani, J RNeely
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Intermittent restoration of coronary flow during ischemia reduced myocardial damage and improved recovery of function. The mechanisms of the protective effects of intermittent perfusion were investigated in isolated rat hearts. Ventricular function was assessed as the product of developed pressure (left ventricular systolic pressure minus end-diastolic pressure) and heart rate. Recovery of function was calculated by division of the product at the end of reperfusion by that before ischemia. After 40 minutes of sustained global ischemia, intracellular Na+ (Nai) increased from 11 to 74 mumol/g dry wt. During 30 minutes of reperfusion, these hearts took up a large amount of 45Ca2+ (10 mumol/g dry wt), recovered only 24% of preischemic function, and had an increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (48 mm Hg). When the 40-minute period of ischemia was interrupted at 10-minute intervals by intermittent perfusion (three periods of 3 minutes) with either oxygenated or hypoxemic buffer, Nai increased to onl...
Role of abnormally high transmural pressure in the permselectivity defect of glomerular capillary wall: a study in early passive Heymann nephritis.
Authors: TYoshioka, H GRennke, D JSalant, W MDeen, IIchikawa
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

To explore the mechanism of glomerular permselectivity defect in passive Heymann nephritis, an experimental model of human membranous glomerulopathy, Munich-Wistar rats were subjected to both micropuncture assessment of glomerular hemodynamics and whole kidney clearance measurements of graded size dextrans 10 days after injection of sheep anti-rat tubular antigen (anti-Fx1A). Compared with normal control rats, anti-Fx1A-treated animals were characterized by marked proteinuria (65 +/- 8 micrograms/min versus 6 +/- 1, p less than 0.001), markedly and significantly higher glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference (40 +/- 1 mm Hg versus 33 +/- 1, p less than 0.001), depressed ultrafiltration coefficient and impaired glomerular size-selective function as determined by fractional clearance of dextrans. Calculation of membrane parameters based on a recently defined heteroporous membrane model revealed abnormally high availability of non-size selective, large pore pathways in the glomerular capillar...
Reducing Gastrointestinal Toxicity Associated with Autologous Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma without Compromising Its Anti-Myeloma Effect
Authors: Ehsan Malek, Richard Creger, Merle Kolk, Fahrettin Covut, Richard E Champlin, Brenda W. Cooper, Paolo Caimi, Hillard M Lazarus, Vinita Gupta, Anant Vatsayan, Qaiser Bashir, Marcos De Lima, Muzaffar H. Qazilbash
Journal: Blood (2017)
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: J. W. Shively
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It would seem from the number of opposing voices that the proposition to removeThe Journalfrom Chicago to Washington is overwhelmingly snowed under. This, however, does not prove that the minority who favor the change is in the wrong. Between the lines of all these staunch advocates of Chicago a strong sectional bias is plainly visible. Whenever sectional prejudices are permitted to rule, then all hope of a judicial frame of mind is gone. The geographical or population argument, which has been so strongly emphasized by nearly all who oppose the change, really has no place in this question. The question is not a commercial or a financial one, much less is it a question of noses. All these would have great weight were a bank, a manufacturing or a pork-packing establishment to be located, but in the selection of a suitable place for publishing a
Detection of residual myocardial function in acute transmural infarction using postextrasystolic potentiation. A computerized angiographic study.
Authors: IAzancot, PBeaufils, CMasquet, GGeorgiopoulos, DBabalis, PLorente, YBaudouy, RSlama, YBouvrain
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Twelve subjects without clinical or hemodynamic heart failure, admitted for a first untreated anterior transmural myocardial infarction, were evaluated within the first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms. Pulmonary angiography was performed while a right ventricular extrastimulus was delivered every fourth beat at 50% of the RR interval to systematically analyze the basal and the postextrasystolic left ventricular frames. Left ventriculograms were quantitatively processed to determine the ejection fraction (EF) and the percentage of the end-diastolic circumference showing hypokinetic (%HK) or akinetic (%AK) areas. Left ventricular angiography was performed 1 month later in all cases at the same paced atrial heart rate to compare this final angiogram to the basal and the electrically induced postextrasystolic initial beats. During the 1-month period of the study none of these subjects had complications such as recurrent chest pain, heart failure or rhythm disturbances, and no drug administration was nece...
A seasonal pattern in the onset of polymyalgia rheumatica.
Authors: M A Cimmino, R Caporali, C M Montecucco, S Rovida, E Baratelli, M Broggini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The seasonal distribution in the onset of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) was determined in 58 patients with the disease and compared with that in 44 patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis of elderly onset (EORA). Thirty six (62%) cases of PMR developed during May to August; by contrast, only 14 (31%) cases of EORA developed in the same months, this latter disease failing to show any seasonal clustering. The monthly distribution of PMR correlated with outside temperature and hours of sunshine. These data suggest that PMR might be triggered by such factors as actinic damage of superficial vessels or infective agents with a seasonal cycle. Finally, the summer clustering of PMR may be helpful in the differential diagnosis from EORA.
Effect of continuous enhanced vagal tone on atrioventricular nodal and sinoatrial nodal function in humans.
Authors: R LPage, A STang, E NPrystowsky
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

A constant intravenous infusion of phenylephrine (0.74 +/- 0.41 micrograms/kg/min) was given to 10 patients to cause a continuous augmentation in reflex vagal tone. After the infusion, the diastolic blood pressure increased from 76 +/- 7 to 89 +/- 11 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). The sinus cycle length and atrial-His (AH) interval were measured, and incremental atrial pacing was performed before and during phenylephrine infusion until atrioventricular (AV) nodal block was achieved. For each patient, the AV nodal function curve (i.e., the AH interval plotted as a function of the atrial pacing cycle length) was compared during both the control state and phenylephrine infusion; the AH intervals during each condition at chosen short (AHS) and long (AHL) cycle lengths were compared. The sinus cycle length increased during phenylephrine infusion from 941 +/- 294 to 1,115 +/- 347 msec (p = 0.013). The AH interval during sinus rhythm was not significantly prolonged (77 versus 82 msec, p = NS). The shortest atrial pac...
Transplant Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TA-TMA) Commonly Occurs after Steroid-Refractory or Dependent Gastrointestinal (GI) Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) and Contributes to Post-Transplant Morbidity
Authors: Sarah A Wall, Qiuhong Zhao, Parvathi Ranganathan, Patrick Elder, Basem M. William, Marcin Puto, Julianna Roddy, Rebecca B. Klisovic, William Blum, Don M Benson, Samantha Jaglowski, Alice S. Mims, Jonathan E Brammer, Yvonne A Efebera, Craig C Hofmeister, Leslie Andritsos, Sam Penza, Allison R. Walker, Steven M. Devine, Spero R Cataland, Sumithira Vasu
Journal: Blood (2017)
The effects of organic nitrates on prostacyclin biosynthesis and platelet function in humans.
Authors: D JFitzgerald, LRoy, R MRobertson, G AFitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The results of prior studies indicate that nitroglycerin stimulates prostacyclin release by cultured endothelium and by the coronary vasculature in vivo. However, the accuracy of these findings in coronary vasculature relies on plasma samples obtained from the circulation via cardiac catheters, a procedure we have shown to stimulate prostacyclin release, thereby confounding interpretation of drug action. We studied the effects of short-acting (nitroglycerin) and long-acting (isosorbide dinitrate) nitrates on a noninvasive index of prostacyclin synthesis, excretion of urinary 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Nitroglycerin was infused into six subjects to either a maximum of 480 micrograms/min or until mean arterial pressure fell by 20 mm Hg. Urine was collected for negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric analysis before and during the nitroglycerin infusion and for two 2 hr periods after nitroglycerin. The peak nitroglycerin infusion rate was 387 +/- 67 micrograms/min, which ca...
Acetyl-keto-β-boswellic acid down-regulates G1 phase cyclin/CDKs and inhibits cellular proliferation through a p21-dependent pathway in colon cancer cells
Authors: Jian-Jun Liu, Bao-Hua Huang, Shing Chuan Hooi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

2073  Accumulating evidences showed that boswellic acid might be a potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic drug in colon cancer, although the molecular mechanism was still not clear. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of the growth inhibitory effect of acetyl-keto-boswellic acid (AKBA) in colon cancer cells. AKBA inhibited cellular growth in a time and dose-dependent manner in HCT-116 cells. The growth inhibitory effect of AKBA was not cell type-specific as AKBA also inhibited cellular growth in both HT-29 and LS174T colon cancer cells. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed that cells were arrested at G1/S phase after AKBA treatment. To study the molecular mechanism of the growth inhibitory effect of AKBA, expressions of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) controlling the G1-S phase transition were assayed using western blot. Results showed that cyclins and CDKs, including cyclin D1 and E, CDK2 and CDK4, were significantly decreased in AKBA treated cells. Also, AKBA treatment up-regulated the expression of CDK inhibitors like p21 and p27, another group of factors controlling the G1-S phase transition. Further studies in p21-/- HCT-116 cells found that the growth inhibitory effect of AKBA was dependent on the expression of p21, not p53. Colon cancer cells lacking the expression of p21 were sensitized to the apoptotic effect of AKBA, instead of being checked at G1/S transition. In conclusion, we found that AKBA down-regulated G1 phase cyclins and CDKs and up-regulated CDK inhibitors in colon cancer cells. The G1/S arrest induced by AKBA was dependent on p21.
Incidence and clinical characteristics of multiple myeloma with low M-protein levels and normal values of hemoglobin, creatinine, calcium, and serum free light chain ratio
Authors: Agoston Gyula Szabo, Tobias Wirenfeldt Klausen, Niels Abildgaard, Henrik Gregersen, Trine Silkjær, Per Trøllund Pedersen, Robert Schou Pedersen, Carsten Helleberg, Emil Hermansen, Brian Iversen Schnack, Annette Juul Vangsted
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2021)
Differential structural responses of small resistance vessels to antihypertensive therapy.
Authors: TSano, R CTarazi
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after control of blood pressure has been documented with some antihypertensive agents but not with others. To determine whether similar differences in regression of wall thickening also occur in resistance vessels during treatment, matched groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated for 12 weeks with either hydralazine (H) or captopril and hydrochlorothiazide (C-D) and they were compared with untreated SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Perfusion pressure was then determined in the hindlimbs of pithed rats under conditions of constant blood flow (4.0 ml/min) and maximal vasodilation (hemodilution to 22% hematocrit combined with continuous nitroprusside and papaverine infusion). This perfusion pressure, which has been validated as an index of thickening (hypertrophy) of resistance vessels walls, averaged 26.8 +/- 0.4(SE) mm Hg in untreated WKY (n = 12) and 37.6 +/- 0.4 mm Hg in untreated SHR (n = 11) (p less than .01). Treatment with H or C-D contro...
Phospholipase Cgamma Pathway-Dependent mTOR Signaling Controls IL-7-Mediated Early B Cell Development
Authors: Mei Yu, Chen Yuhong, Hu Zeng, Yongwei Zheng, Guoping Fu, Wen Zhu, Ulrich Broeckel, Praful Aggarwal, Amy Turner, Geoffrey A.M. Neale, Nan Zhu, Hongbo Chi, Renren Wen, Demin Wang
Journal: Blood (2017)
Total and High–Molecular Weight Adiponectin in Relation to Metabolic Variables at Baseline and in Response to an Exercise Treatment Program: Comparative Evaluation of Three Assays
Authors: Catherine J. Williams, Aoife Brennan, Matthias Blüher, Christos S. Mantzoros
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The letter by von Eynatten et al. (1) provides unpublished data on the sensitivity of high–molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin versus total adiponectin in predicting metabolic outcomes. The authors focus on only one assay source (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ALPCO Diagnostics, Salem, NH) and do not consider its predictive ability in comparison to other assays.

Whereas different sample sizes may have contributed to varying levels of statistical significance, the previously derived (2) effect estimates are largely comparable with those reported by von Eynatten et al. (1). More importantly, our data clearly show that both previously developed assays measuring total adiponectin (radioimmunoassay; …
Continuous recording of direct arterial pressure in unrestricted patients. Its role in the diagnosis and management of high blood pressure.
Authors: W ALittler, A JHonour, D JPugsley, PSleight
Journal: Circulation (1975)

We have compared casual indirect measurements of arterial pressure obtained 1) by the general practitioner (GP) and 2) in the outpatient clinic (OPC) with 24 hour continuous recording of direct arterial pressure in two selected group of unrestricted patients. 1) Eight asymptomatic, untreated patients with suspected hypertension. 2) Eight asymptomatic, treated patients whose indirect pressure readings seemed inappropriately high when considered against a general absence of target organ damage. Both groups showed that usually there was good agreement between arterial pressure recorded indirectly by GP and OPC while continuous recording showed wide variability of systolic and diastolic pressures over 24 hours and a significant fall during sleep. The first groups with suspected hypertension showed that the indirect measurements were not significantly different from the 24 hour direct recording. The second group of patients on treatment for hypertension showed a discrepancy, the direct readings being significa...
Mechanisms of quinidine-induced depression of maximum upstroke velocity in ovine cardiac Purkinje fibers.
Authors: F MWeld, JCoromilas, J NRottman, J TBigger
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

A major advance in understanding how quinidine depresses maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) is the Hondeghem-Katzung mathematical model which incorporates voltage-independent rate constants for binding to and unbinding from resting, open, and inactive Na channels, and a voltage shift of -40 mV for the Hodgkin-Huxley h-kinetics of quinidine-associated Na channels. Using a double microelectrode voltage clamp technique to control transmembrane voltage and apply conditioning pulses, we found that quinidine blockade increased as transmembrane voltage became more positive in the range -60 to +40 mV, and that the rate of quinidine dissociation increased as transmembrane voltage became more negative in the range -60 to -140 mV. The relationship of Vmax to transmembrane voltage obtained at drive cycles from 500 msec to 20 seconds conformed to the model modified to include voltage-dependent rate constants without the postulated -40-mV shift for quinidine-associated channels. Thus binding of quinidine to inactive Na c...