tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analysis of COVID-19 Risk Following a Ring Vaccination Intervention to Address SARS-CoV-2 Alpha Variant Transmission in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Simone Périnet, Geneviève Cadieux, Sarah-Amélie Mercure, Mylène Drouin, Robert Allard
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Given limited COVID-19 vaccine availability early in the pandemic, optimizing immunization strategies was of paramount importance. Ring vaccination has been used successfully to control transmission of other airborne respiratory viruses. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the association of a ring vaccination intervention on COVID-19 spread in the initial epicenter of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant transmission in Montreal, Canada. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study compared COVID-19 daily disease risk in 3 population-based groups of neighborhoods in Montreal, Canada, defined by their intervention-specific vaccine coverage at the neighborhood level: the primary intervention group (500 or more vaccinated persons per 10 000 persons), secondary intervention group (95 to 499), and control group (0 to 50). The groups were compared within each of 3 time periods: before intervention (December 1, 2020, to March 16, 2021), during and immediately after intervention (March 17 to April 17, 2021), and 3 weeks after the intervention midpoint (April 18 to July 18, 2021). Data were analyzed between June 2021 and November 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Vaccination targeted parents and teachers of children attending the 32 schools and 48 childcare centers in 2 adjacent neighborhoods with highest local transmission (case counts) of Alpha variant shortly after its introduction. Participants were invited to receive 1 dose of mRNA vaccine between March 22 and April 9, 2021 (before vaccine was available to these age groups). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> COVID-19 risk in 3 groups of neighborhoods based on intervention-specific vaccine coverage. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 11 794 residents were immunized, with a mean (SD) age of 43 (8) years (range, 16-93 years); 5766 participants (48.9%) lived in a targeted neighborhood, and 9784 (83.0%) were parents. COVID-19 risk in the primary intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group before (unadjusted risk ratio [RR], 1.58; 95% CI 1.52-1.65) and during (RR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.52-1.76) intervention, and reached a level similar to the other groups in the weeks following the intervention (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94-1.12). A similar trend was observed when restricting to SARS-CoV-2 variants and persons aged 30 to 59 years (before: RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.63-1.83 vs after: RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.88-1.17). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Our findings show that ring vaccination was associated with a reduction in COVID-19 risk in areas with high local transmission of Alpha variant shortly after its introduction. Ring vaccination may be considered as an adjunct to mass immunization to control transmission in specific areas, based on local epidemiology.
Tumor genomic landscape in younger compared to older patients (pts) with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC).
Authors: Nishita Tripathi, Haoran Li, Yeonjung Jo, Nicolas Sayegh, Clara Tandar, Roberto Nussenzveig, Benjamin Haaland, Jackson Cheney, Divyam Goel, Blake Nordblad, Sumati Gupta, Benjamin L. Maughan, Neeraj Agarwal, Umang Swami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

373 Background: Renal cell carcinoma is predominant in 6th to 8th decade of life. Younger pts are more likely to have symptomatic tumors on presentation but with favorable pathological features and disease specific survival (PMID: 17092632). Herein, we hypothesized that the genomic landscape for pts with onset of renal cell cancer at a younger age is distinct from those with late age of onset. Methods: In this IRB-approved retrospective study, pts with mccRCC and tumor comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) available from a CLIA-certified laboratory were evaluated. Among these, the pts in the first and fourth quartiles of age were included in this study. Variants of unknown significance and gene with alterations (GA) present in less than 5% of pts were excluded from the analysis. A chi-square test was used to compare gene aberration frequency and p-values were adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR) using Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) correction. The median number of genomic aberrations per pt was compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: 78 pts were eligible and included: first quartile (Range: 25-53 years; n=54) and fourth quartile (Range: 68-77 years; n=38); male vs female: 30/13 vs 20/15. The genomic aberrations observed in both groups is listed in the table. GA in VHL and PBRM1 were the most commonly observed in both groups . Most commonly observed genomic alterations in first quartile was TP53, BAP1, CDKN2B and TSC1; and fourth quartile of age was SETD2, TSC1, KDM5C and TP53. Tumor mutation burden and the frequency of gene aberrations was similar across both the cohorts. Conclusions: In these hypothesis generating data, there was no significant difference in prevalence of targetable genomic aberrations, tumor mutational burden and frequency of genomic alterations in younger vs older pts with mccRCC. The numerically higher GA in KDM5C and SETD2 (both of which contribute to epigenetic dysregulation) in older pts warrant interrogation in a larger data set. Future directions may include the investigation of epigenomic changes and transcriptomic profiling. Detailed genomic landscape of these pts will be presented in the meeting.[Table: see text]
Abstract 17236: Regulating Optimal Angiogenesis and Leukocyte Adhesion of Human Endothelial Cells by Gradient Nanopore Substrate
Authors: Soon Jun Hong, Li-Hua Huang
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Understanding signals in the microenvironment that regulate endothelial cell behavior are important in tissue engineering. Hypothesis: Although many studies have examined the cellular effects of nanotopography, no study has investigated the functional regulation of human endothelial cells grown on nano-sized gradient pore substrate. Methods: We examined the cellular response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by using a gradient nanopore substrate (GPS) with three different types of hole nanopore patterns (HP): which diameters were described in HP1, 120-200 nm; HP2, 200-280 nm; HP3, 280-360 nm. Results: Our study revealed that: (1) HUVECs showed highest proliferation and attachment capacity on HP2 (200-280 nm) GPS, (2) HP2 GPS was determined to be the optimal diameter for extending greater angiogenic potential to HUVECs and (3) both HP2 and HP3 GPS significantly decrease leukocyte adhesion compared to Flat. Moreover, expressions of VCL, TLN1, PXN, ITGA2, ITGA6, ITGAV, ITGB3 and ROCK1 in HUVECs cultured on HP2 GPS were significantly greater than that of Flat. Conversely, TLN1, PXN, ROCK 1 and ROCK2 mRNA levels decreased on HP3 GPS compared to those of Flat. Mature tube structures at 24 hours were found in HUVECs stimulated by HP2 GPS. Expressions of angiogenesis related markers (ANGPT1, TIE2 and CXCR4) and endothelial-related marker (vWF) were significantly increased in HUVECs grown on HP2 GPS. The adhesion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) to HUVECs stimulated by HP2 and HP3 GPS was significantly reduced compared to those of Flat at 3, 6 and 24 hours after PBMNC seeding. Conclusions: Optimal functional regulations of HUVECs were achieved by nanopore substrate with 200-280 nm-sized pores. Our results provide the possibility of applying nanopore interface-based implant devices in the field of cardiovascular regenerative therapy.
Fibrositis
Authors: R. G. Benians
Journal: BMJ (1948)

ment of the rash, one had double otitis media, and one had a purpuric rash.From this small number of cases it would appear that measles developing during the course of whooping-cough does not neces- sarily add to the severity of either disease, but the same cannot be said of the converse.Dr. B. L. Hodge (Aug. 7,p. 312) drew attention to a similar double epidemic, and his observations would appear to confirm this view.-I am, etc.,
Comment on Timing of Surgery For Patients With Rectal Cancers Not Responding to Preoperative Chemoradiation
Authors: Joanna Socha, Krzysztof Bujko
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Deletion of platelet CLEC-2 decreases GPIbα-mediated integrin αIIbβ3 activation and decreases thrombosis in TTP
Authors: Bojing Shao, Christopher Hoover, Huiping Shi, Yuji Kondo, Robert H. Lee, Junmei Chen, Xindi Shan, Jianhua Song, J. Michael McDaniel, Meixiang Zhou, Samuel McGee, Karen Vanhoorelbeke, Wolfgang Bergmeier, José A. López, James N. George, Lijun Xia
Journal: Blood (2022)

Abstract Microvascular thrombosis in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is initiated by GPIbα-mediated platelet binding to von Willebrand factor (VWF). Binding of VWF to GPIbα causes activation of the platelet surface integrin αIIbβ3. However, the mechanism of GPIbα-initiated activation of αIIbβ3 and its clinical importance for microvascular thrombosis remain elusive. Deletion of platelet C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) did not prevent VWF binding to platelets but specifically inhibited platelet aggregation induced by VWF binding in mice. Deletion of platelet CLEC-2 also inhibited αIIbβ3 activation induced by the binding of VWF to GPIbα. Using a mouse model of TTP, which was created by infusion of anti-mouse ADAMTS13 monoclonal antibodies followed by infusion of VWF, we found that deletion of platelet CLEC-2 decreased pulmonary arterial thrombosis and the severity of thrombocytopenia. Importantly, prophylactic oral administration of aspirin, an inhibitor of platelet activation, and therapeutic treatment of the TTP mice with eptifibatide, an integrin αIIbβ3 antagonist, reduced pulmonary arterial thrombosis in the TTP mouse model. Our observations demonstrate that GPIbα-mediated activation of integrin αIIbβ3 plays an important role in the formation of thrombosis in TTP. These observations suggest that prevention of platelet activation with aspirin may reduce the risk for thrombosis in patients with TTP.
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: D. R. Davies, C. E. Dent, L. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In our first 200 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism confirmed by operation 12 were also shown to have a long history either of a malabsorption syndrome or of chronic renal-glomerular failure. We consider that they first went through a phase of secondary hyperparathyroidism, during which one or more of the glands became autonomous adenamata. This then produced the biochemical changes of "primary" hyperparathyroidism, necessitating excision of the adenoma. This condition is best described as "tertiary" hyperparathyroidism. The transition from secondary to tertiary hyperparathyroidism occurred in four of the 12 patients while under our observation. We think the same process can be traced retrospectively in the other eight cases. The concept of tertiary hyperparathyroidism may help to explain the high incidence of other diseases in association with primary hyperparathyroidism.The behaviour of the parathyroid glands provides a valuable model for the investigation of tumour formation in man. All states occurred in our patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, from normal through hyperplasia to adenoma formation and finally to parathyroid carcinoma.
Evaluation of compliance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing in stage IV genitourinary (GU) cancer patients (pts) and the effect of an EHR prompt (EP) on increasing frequency.
Authors: Sydney E. Cobrin, Percy Yeung, Carina Cedeno, Stephanie Marks, Ellen A. Ronnen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

48 Background: Previous reports have found that NGS testing on stage IV GU cancer patients is performed less commonly than expected based on the prevalence of GU tumors in comparison to other tumor types. In addition, most of the data on NGS testing frequency has been in the academic setting. This study will look at NGS testing in stage IV GU pts in the private practice setting. Methods: In the retrospective portion of the study, we used algorithms in Flatiron’s OncoEMR to identify baseline NGS testing frequency in all stage IV GU cancer patients. In the prospective portion, we used an EP to communicate with doctors about their stage IV GU cancer pts with upcoming appointments. Our primary endpoint was to determine the percentage of stage IV GU pts who had NGS testing; our secondary endpoint was to determine how often NGS testing would provide an alternative therapeutic option. Results: 91 stage IV GU cancer pts were identified retrospectively from 6/1/2020-12/31/2020. 20 (22%) of them had had NGS testing: 12 of 68 (18%) prostate cancer pts, 6 of 13 (46%) bladder cancer pts and 2 of 10 (20%) kidney cancer pts. Prospectively, 65 patients with Stage IV GU cancer and upcoming appointments were identified between 8/23/2021-9/13/2021. 17 (26%) had previously had NGS testing: 10 of 46 (22%) prostate pts, 4 of 9 (44%) bladder pts, and 3 of 10 (30%) kidney pts. The EP prompted additional testing of 10 pts. Of the total 27 pts, 8 (30%) were found to have actionable mutations: 7 of 17 (41%) prostate pts and 1 of 6 (17%) bladder pts. 6 of the 8 actionable mutations were either BRCA1/BRCA2 or PALB2. Conclusions: Our results supported those previously reported in academic settings which found that GU cancers were less likely than other metastatic cancers to have NGS testing performed. Prostate cancer was the least likely of the GU cancers to have NGS testing, however, the findings highlight the importance of germline testing in this population. A longer term study may have further borne out the benefits of EP. Improved communication (huddles, multidisciplinary rounds, etc.) would likely increase compliance with NGS testing as would automated order sets and “hard stops” in the EMR. As trials and standard options for GU cancers increase, physician ordering of NGS will follow. Universal NGS testing should be the goal of all stage IV GU patients to maximize therapeutic options.
Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: W. B. Thomson, A. A. Buchanan, P. B. Doak, W. S. Peart
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Peritoneal dialysis was first used for the treatment of renal failure by Ganter (1923).It never became a popular method because of the frequency of complications such as peritonitis, leakage, inadequate peritoneal drainage, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, and because of the development of haemodialysis.However, haemodialysis is a procedure which can be performed only at special centres, since it requires a trained team using rather complicated and costly apparatus.The simplicity of peritoneal dialysis still appealed to some workers, and Maxwell et al. ( 1959), described a technique using a newly designed nylon catheter and commercially prepared solutions.They claimed that the method could be undertaken in any hospital and could largely be managed by nursing staff.They reported their experience in 76 cases and showed the method to be effective and remarkably free from complications.After 1959 the use of peritoneal dialysis in the United States rapidly increased at the expense of haemodialysis.For example, at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in 1959 only three peritoneal dialyses were performed compared with 85 haemodialyses, but in 1961 there were 121 peritoneal dialyses and only 37 haemodialyses (Burns et al., 1962).Despite its popularity in America there have been few reports of the use of this method in this country (Miller, 1962).We would like to report our experience of peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of 30 patients with acute or chronic renal failure and one patient with refractory oedema.
The British Society of Gastroenterology, 49th meeting. Sheffield, 14-16 September 1988. Abstracts.
Authors: R Charnley, M Stehling, F Evans, R Coxon, A Howseman, R Ordridge, J Hardcastle, J Thornton, J Shaffer, T O'hanrahan, S Rowntree, K Shipley, Hope Hospital
Journal: Gut (1988)

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging of the liver is hampered by the motion related problems of blurring and image artefact which are caused by respiration.In addition, the long image acquisition time means imaging one liver may take up to 45 minutes.The Echo planar imaging (EPI) variant MBEST (Modulus Blipped Echo-Planar Single Shot Technique) is a rapid magnetic resonance imaging technique which pro- duces a complete image in 62 ms, allows up to 200 frames to be taken per minute and is not subject to distortion by respiration.The whole depth of the liver can be imaged in transverse slices during one breath hold.We have carried out EPI of the liver on three patients with focal liver lesions and on one healthy volunteer.Focal lesions (hepatic metastases and one cyst) were imaged without blurring or image artefact and blood flow in the hepatic veins could also be visualised by producing a cine loop.Echo planar imaging has the potential to revolutionise magnetic resonance imaging of the liver in that a complete scan of the liver can be carried out in less than a minute.The intrinsic T2 weighting of the MBEST technique ensures good soft tissue contrast and is very sensitive to pathological tissue changes so enabling imaging of focal lesions.Plasma leucine enkephalin is increased in liver disease
Editorial: Hormone receptors and breast cancer.
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Hormone deprivation may cause remission in women with advanced breast cancer. Occasionally this remission may last for 15 years. However, only 30% of women respond in this way. An essential 1st step in the response of hormone-sensitive tissues is binding of the hormone to a receptor protein in or on the target cell. For steroids, receptors have been found in the cytoplasm, while for polypeptide hormones, receptors seem to be on the surface of cell membranes. Between 40-85% of human breast cancers contain estrogen receptors. If estrogen receptors are present, 43-60% of patients have responded to endocrine therapy, whereas only 8% have responded if estrogen receptors were not present. Treatment with antiestrogens has achieved 16% response rates in patients in whom estrogen receptors were not present. Progesterone receptors have been detected in 57% of breast cancers, together with estrogen receptors in 49%. The significance of this finding is not apparent. The main peptide hormone implicated in promoting growth of breast cancers is thought to be prolactin. Growth hormone and human lactogen have also been implicated in promoting breast cancer. Receptors may be detected in human breast, prostate, endometrial, and other cancers and these preferentially bind estrogen, androgen, progesterone analogue, prolactin, growth hormone, or placental lactogen. The heterogeneity of human cancers is thus shown. Most remissions are short-lived and after relapse there is less chance for antihormonal therapy. To choose the best treatment at a given time the most hopeful prospect is that investigations may determine criteria for the study of the particular cancer in each patient.
Early primary tumor response in metastatic RCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors-based combinations.
Authors: Chiara Ciccarese, Davide Bimbatti, Francesco Atzori, Adele Bonato, Sarah Scagliarini, Ilaria Pellegrini, Sergio Bracarda, Ugo De Giorgi, Cristina Masini, Matteo Santoni, Francesco Massari, Sebastiano Buti, Alessandra Damassi, Ilaria Zampiva, Alessandro Strusi, Ileana Sparagna, Sara Elena Rebuzzi, Giampaolo Tortora, Roberto Iacovelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

349 Background: 25-30% of renal cell carcinoma presents with metastases (mRCC) at diagnosis. The activity of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-combinations on the primary tumor (PT) is debated. Patients and Methods: mRCC patients (pts) with PT who received first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab (N/I) or pembrolizumab plus axitinib (P/A) were included. We investigated the early primary tumor response (EPTR) at the first radiological assessment. Results: 73 pts were included. The median early reduction of the PT longest diameter was 12.4% with P/A versus 6.2% with N/I (p = 0.42). We evaluated if the type of EPTR could affect the metastases response. Among pts with PT stable disease (SD), 8.3% had metastatic disease progression (PD) with P/A and 34.8% with N/I. Early PT partial response (PR) was associated with no metastatic PD with both N/I and P/A. The 2 pts with PT PD had also metastatic PD to P/A. Of the 3 PT with PD to N/I, 1 had metastatic SD and 2 PD. In the overall population, of the 94.1% without PT progression (PR+SD), 47.5% had metastatic PR, 35.6% SD, 16.9% PD. Conclusions: ICIs-combinations achieved an early PT PR in about 10-20%, without any complete responses. Only a small percentage of PT had an early PD, mainly associated with metastatic PD. However, among those PT without an early progression, metastatic PR can be achieved in approximately 50% of cases.[Table: see text]
THE WHATNOT CABINET
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal