tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute glycaemic management before, during and after exercise for cardiac rehabilitation participants with diabetes mellitus: a joint statement of the British and Canadian Associations of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the International Council for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation and the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences
Authors: John P Buckley, Michael Riddell, Duane Mellor, Richard M Bracken, Marie-Kristelle Ross, Andre LaGerche, Paul Poirier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Type 1 (T1) and type 2 (T2) diabetes mellitus (DM) are significant precursors and comorbidities to cardiovascular disease and prevalence of both types is still rising globally. Currently,~25% of participants (and rising) attending cardiac rehabilitation in Europe, North America and Australia have been reported to have DM (>90% have T2DM). While there is some debate over whether improving glycaemic control in those with heart disease can independently improve future cardiovascular health-related outcomes, for the individual patient whose blood glucose is well controlled, it can aid the exercise programme in being more efficacious. Good glycaemic management not only helps to mitigate the risk of acute glycaemic events during exercising, it also aids in achieving the requisite physiological and psycho-social aims of the exercise component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). These benefits are strongly associated with effective behaviour change, including increased enjoyment, adherence and self-efficacy. It is known that CR participants with DM have lower uptake and adherence rates compared with those without DM. This expert statement provides CR practitioners with nine recommendations aimed to aid in the participant's improved blood glucose control before, during and after exercise so as to prevent the risk of glycaemic events that could mitigate their beneficial participation.
A machine learning-based predictive model for outcome of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: I. Revuelta, F. J. Santos-Arteaga, E. Montagud-Marrahi, P. Ventura-Aguiar, D. Di Caprio, D. Cucchiari, B. Bayès, E. Poch, F. Oppenheimer, F. Diekmann
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Background: Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are at increased risk of infections due to immunosuppression (IS)  COVID-19 has posed unique challenges due to its evolving symptomatology and lack of effective treatment options  Current data published about the impact of COVID-19 in KTR comes from severely impacted areas  The aim of our study was to review course and outcomes of KTR at our center  Methods: Retrospective chart review of KTR diagnosed with COVID-19  Descriptive statistics were summarized as absolute numbers for categorical data and as median with interquartile range (IQR) for skewed distribution  Results: We had 20 KTR diagnosed with COVID-19  Median age of 53 5 years(47-63), 10 males, and 12 blacks  Median time from KT to presentation was 70 7 months(17 25-158 75), with 1 pt in 1st year post KT  Thirteen (65%) pts were obese with BMI≥30kg/m2, 2 pts had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 5 had cardiac disease  Most common presenting symptom was cough in 14 pts, followed by fever-13 pts, shortness of breath-9, and diarrhea-6pts  During the study, 15 pts were hospitalized, and 9 of them had chest x-ray findings of bilateral opacities consistent with pneumonia  Inflammatory markers were elevated in all pts but did not correlate with disease outcome  Acute kidney injury was seen in 9 pts, with 3 requiring continuous renal replacement therapy  Four pts required mechanical ventilation  Ten pts had reduction of their IS  Hydroxychloroquine was used in 11 pts, and azithromycin in 4  Four hospitalized pts received convalescent plasma as part of an ongoing COVID-19 trial in our center  Donors were 4-6 weeks post recovery from confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection  Enrollment was offered to pts at high risk of progression to severe disease  We had 3 deaths, 2 pts remain hospitalized, and the remaining 15 were either discharged or managed as outpatients  Median follow up time from presentation was 25 days(13-38) for the entire cohort  Conclusions: In our cohort, 45% of patients presented with acute allograft dysfunction highlighting impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on kidney function  Our center utilized investigational convalescent plasma in 4 pts successfully while the clinical trial outcomes are awaited  Ultimately, the development of a safe and efficacious vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 may better equip us to fight this pandemic
Covid-19: Doctors must be vaccinated without delay, says BMA
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The BMA has called for frontline healthcare staff to be given the covid-19 vaccine as soon as possible.

The call came just a day before the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) approved the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine on 30 December.

In a letter sent on 29 December to the NHS chief executive Simon Stevens,1 the association said that doctors around the country had reported having no notification of when they would be vaccinated.

Others reported that, while vaccinations were being given, this was being done sporadically and without prioritisation. This was despite healthcare workers being listed in the same priority group as over 80s in guidance from the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation,2 the BMA said. The same guidance applies to the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine.

Chaand Nagpaul, BMA council chair, wrote, “If healthcare workers fall ill from …
Atlas-ISTN: Joint segmentation, registration and atlas construction with image-and-spatial transformer networks
Authors: Matthew Sinclair, Andreas Schuh, Karl Hahn, Kersten Petersen, Ying Bai, James Batten, Michiel Schaap, Ben Glocker
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2022)

Deep learning models for semantic segmentation are able to learn powerful representations for pixel-wise predictions, but are sensitive to noise at test time and may lead to implausible topologies. Image registration models on the other hand are able to warp known topologies to target images as a means of segmentation, but typically require large amounts of training data, and have not widely been benchmarked against pixel-wise segmentation models. We propose the Atlas Image-and-Spatial Transformer Network (Atlas-ISTN), a framework that jointly learns segmentation and registration on 2D and 3D image data, and constructs a population-derived atlas in the process. Atlas-ISTN learns to segment multiple structures of interest and to register the constructed atlas labelmap to an intermediate pixel-wise segmentation. Additionally, Atlas-ISTN allows for test time refinement of the model's parameters to optimize the alignment of the atlas labelmap to an intermediate pixel-wise segmentation. This process both mitigates for noise in the target image that can result in spurious pixel-wise predictions, as well as improves upon the one-pass prediction of the model. Benefits of the Atlas-ISTN framework are demonstrated qualitatively and quantitatively on 2D synthetic data and 3D cardiac computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance image data, out-performing both segmentation and registration baseline models. Atlas-ISTN also provides inter-subject correspondence of the structures of interest.
COVID-19 Management in New York City Kidney Transplant Recipients: Before and After the Apex
Authors: Michelle L. Lubetzky, Rebecca Craig-Schapiro, Meredith J. Aull, Thalia Salinas, John R. Lee, Samuel Sultan, Jun B. Lee, Choli Hartono, Sandip Kapur, Thangamani Muthukumar, Manikkam Suthanthiran, Darshana M. Dadhania
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Lubetzky, Michelle L.; Craig-Schapiro, Rebecca; Aull, Meredith J.; Salinas, Thalia; Lee, John R.; Sultan, Samuel; Lee, Jun B.; Hartono, Choli; Kapur, Sandip; Muthukumar, Thangamani; Suthanthiran, Manikkam; Dadhania, Darshana M. Author Information
Responding to Human Brain Surrogates Research: The Value of Empirical Ethics
Authors: Suzanne Metselaar, Jeroen Geurts, Gerben Meynen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2020)

Greely (2021) argues that surrogates for living human brains in vivo might be of tremendous benefit to understanding human brain function—and eventually to curing devastating brain diseases—without...
Parathyroid hormone increases alveolar bone homoeostasis during orthodontic tooth movement in rats with periodontitis via crosstalk between STAT3 and β-catenin
Authors: Cheng Zhang, Tiancheng Li, Chenchen Zhou, Li Huang, Yuyu Li, Han Wang, Peipei Duan, Shujuan Zou, Li Mei
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2020)

Periodontitis patients are at risk of alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intermittent parathyroid hormone (1-34) treatment (iPTH) could reduce alveolar bone loss during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in individuals with periodontitis and the underlying mechanism. A rat model of OTM in the context of periodontitis was established and alveolar bone loss was observed. The control, iPTH and iPTH + stattic groups received injections of vehicle, PTH and vehicle, or PTH and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor stattic, respectively. iPTH prevented alveolar bone loss by enhancing osteogenesis and suppressing bone resorption in the alveolar bone during OTM in rats with periodontitis. This effect of iPTH was along with STAT3 activation and reduced by a local injection of stattic. iPTH promoted osteoblastic differentiation and might further regulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a STAT3-dependent manner. The findings of this study suggest that iPTH might reduce alveolar bone loss during OTM in rats with periodontitis through STAT3/β-catenin crosstalk.
Nefer, Sinuhe and clinical research assessing post COVID-19 condition
Authors: Joan B. Soriano, Grant Waterer, José L. Peñalvo, Jordi Rello
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

In the immortal classical novel by Finnish writer Mika Waltari (1908–1979) (figure 1), Nefer, a beautiful and cunning Egyptian courtesan, seduces and befools Sinuhe, the pharaoh's physician. Sinuhe is bewitched by her charms and sacrifices everything for her – even his parents' house and grave – only to be cruelly rejected when Nefer tires of playing with him. Clinical research studies reporting on post COVID-19 condition should follow some basic recommendations <http://bit.ly/3h4OEIa> J.B. Soriano is Senior Consultant at the COVID-19 Clinical Management Team, WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization HQ, Geneva, Switzerland.
Age Is Not Important for Autologous Peripheral Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Osman Ilhan, Guldane Cengiz Seval, Selami Kocak Toprak, Pervin Topcuoglu, Fulya Ozel, Sinem Civriz Bozdag, Meltem Yuksel, Onder Arslan, Muhit Ozcan, Taner Demirer, Hamdi Akan, Meral Beksac, Gunhan Gurman
Journal: Blood (2017)
2020 EULAR points to consider for the prevention, screening, assessment and management of non-adherence to treatment in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases for use in clinical practice
Authors: Valentin Ritschl, Tanja A Stamm, Daniel Aletaha, Johannes W J Bijlsma, Peter Böhm, Razvan Gabriel Dragoi, Emma Dures, Fernando Estévez-López, Laure Gossec, Annamaria Iagnocco, Andrea Marques, Ellen Moholt, Michal Nudel, Bart J F van den Bemt, Kirsten Viktil, Marieke Voshaar, Annette de Thurah, Loreto Carmona
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Non-adherence to treatment could preclude reaching an optimal outcome. Thirty to 80% of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) do not adhere to the agreed treatment.The objective was to establish points to consider (PtCs) for the prevention, screening, assessment and management of non-adherence to (non-)pharmacological treatments in people with RMDs.An EULAR task force (TF) was established, and the EULAR standardised operating procedures for the development of PtCs were followed. The TF included healthcare providers (HCPs), comprising rheumatologists, nurses, pharmacists, psychologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and patient-representatives from 12 European countries. A review of systematic reviews was conducted in advance to support the TF in formulating the PtCs. The level of agreement among the TF was established by anonymous online voting.Four overarching principles and nine PtCs were formulated. The PtCs reflect the phases of action on non-adherence. HCPs should assess and discuss adherence with patients on a regular basis and support patients to treatment adherence. As adherence is an agreed behaviour, the treatment has to be tailored to the patients' needs. The level of agreement ranged from 9.5 to 9.9 out of 10.These PtCs can help HCPs to support people with RMDs to be more adherent to the agreed treatment plan. The basic scheme being prevent non-adherence by bonding with the patient and building trust, overcoming structural barriers, assessing in a blame-free environment and tailoring the solution to the problem.
Abstract 17585: Change in Employment Status After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the TRANSLATE-ACS Study
Authors: Haider J Warraich, Lisa Kaltenbach, Gregg Fonarow, Eric Peterson, Tracy Wang
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Inability to resume work after acute myocardial infarction (MI) has important implications for patients, potentially reducing their ability to afford medications, and resulting in dep...
The Emperor's New Markov Blankets
Authors: Jelle Bruineberg, Krzysztof Dołęga, Joe Dewhurst, Manuel Baltieri
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

The free energy principle, an influential framework in computational neuroscience and theoretical neurobiology, starts from the assumption that living systems ensure adaptive exchanges with their environment by minimizing the objective function of variational free energy. Following this premise, it claims to deliver a promising integration of the life sciences. In recent work, Markov blankets, one of the central constructs of the free energy principle, have been applied to resolve debates central to philosophy (such as demarcating the boundaries of the mind). The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we trace the development of Markov blankets starting from their standard application in Bayesian networks, via variational inference, to their use in the literature on active inference. We then identify a persistent confusion in the literature between the formal use of Markov blankets as an epistemic tool for Bayesian inference, and their novel metaphysical use in the free energy framework to demarcate the physical boundary between an agent and its environment. Consequently, we propose to distinguish between "Pearl blankets" to refer to the original epistemic use of Markov blankets and "Friston blankets" to refer to the new metaphysical construct. Second, we use this distinction to critically assess claims resting on the application of Markov blankets to philosophical problems. We suggest that this literature would do well in differentiating between two different research programmes: "inference with a model" and "inference within a model." Only the latter is capable of doing metaphysical work with Markov blankets, but requires additional philosophical premises and cannot be justified by an appeal to the success of the mathematical framework alone.
Whimsical (Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia Study Involving CArt-wheeL): Empowering Patients Internationally to Contribute Patient-Derived Data for Observational Research
Authors: Ibrahim Tohidi-Esfahani, Andrew Warden, Peter deNardis, Elena Malunis, Shirley D'Sa, Marie Jose Kersten, Maria Lia Palomba, Ruth Spearing, Loic Ysebaert, Sheeba K. Thomas, Constantine S. Tam, Clare Scott, Carl Harrington, Judith Trotman
Journal: Blood (2017)
The International Society of Nephrology Advancing Clinical Trials (ISN-ACT) Network: current activities and future goals
Authors: Rhys D.R. Evans, Brendan Smyth, Adeera Levin, Vivek Jha, David C. Wheeler, Meg Jardine, Vlado Perkovic, Sandrine Damster, Charu Malik, Dick de Zeeuw, Thomas Hiemstra
Journal: Kidney International (2020)
Delivering the cumulative benefits of triple therapy to improve outcomes in heart failure: Too many cooks will spoil the broth**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: John G.F. Cleland, Andrew L. Clark
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Immunodeficiency and bone marrow failure with mosaic and germline TLR8 gain of function
Authors: Jahnavi Aluri, Alicia Bach, Saara Kaviany, Luana Chiquetto Paracatu, Maleewan Kitcharoensakkul, Magdalena A. Walkiewicz, Christopher D. Putnam, Marwan Shinawi, Nermina Saucier, Elise M. Rizzi, Michael T. Harmon, Molly P. Keppel, Michelle Ritter, Morgan Similuk, Elaine Kulm, Michael Joyce, Adriana A. de Jesus, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky, Yi-Shan Lee, Marina Cella, Peggy L. Kendall, Mary C. Dinauer, Jeffrey J. Bednarski, Christina Bemrich-Stolz, Scott W. Canna, Shirley M. Abraham, Matthew M. Demczko, Jonathan Powell, Stacie M. Jones, Amy M. Scurlock, Suk See De Ravin, Jack J. Bleesing, James A. Connelly, V. Koneti Rao, Laura G. Schuettpelz, Megan A. Cooper
Journal: Blood (2020)

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders with a broad clinical spectrum. Identification of molecular and functional bases of these disorders is important for diagnosis, treatment, and an understanding of the human immune response. We identified 6 unrelated males with neutropenia, infections, lymphoproliferation, humoral immune defects, and in some cases bone marrow failure associated with 3 different variants in the X-linked gene TLR8, encoding the endosomal Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8). Interestingly, 5 patients had somatic variants in TLR8 with <30% mosaicism, suggesting a dominant mechanism responsible for the clinical phenotype. Mosaicism was also detected in skin-derived fibroblasts in 3 patients, demonstrating that mutations were not limited to the hematopoietic compartment. All patients had refractory chronic neutropenia, and 3 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. All variants conferred gain of function to TLR8 protein, and immune phenotyping demonstrated a proinflammatory phenotype with activated T cells and elevated serum cytokines associated with impaired B-cell maturation. Differentiation of myeloid cells from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells demonstrated increased responsiveness to TLR8. Together, these findings demonstrate that gain-of-function variants in TLR8 lead to a novel childhood-onset IEI with lymphoproliferation, neutropenia, infectious susceptibility, B- and T-cell defects, and in some cases, bone marrow failure. Somatic mosaicism is a prominent molecular mechanism of this new disease.
Prediabetes and What It Means: The Epidemiological Evidence
Authors: Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2020)

Prediabetes is an intermediate stage between normal glycemia and diabetes and is highly prevalent, especially in older age groups and obese individuals. Five different definitions of prediabetes are used in current practice, which are based on different cut points of HbA1C, fasting glucose, and 2-h glucose. A major challenge for the field is a lack of guidance on when one definition might be preferred over another. Risks of major complications in persons with prediabetes, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and death, also vary depending on the prediabetes definition used. Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions can be cost-effective, prevent diabetes, and improve cardiovascular risk factors in adults with prediabetes. However, the practical implementation of lifestyle modification or the use of metformin for treating prediabetes is inadequate and complicated by a lack of agreement on how to define the condition. Establishing consensus definitions for prediabetes should be a priority and will help inform expansion of insurance coverage for lifestyle modification and improve current screening and diagnostic practices.
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Is a Superior Anticoagulant to Unfractionated Heparin for Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients with AKI due to Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Neeharik Mareedu, Benjamin German, Casey N. Gashti, Payal K. Gurnani, Roger A. Rodby, William L. Whittier
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Mareedu, Neeharik; German, Benjamin; Gashti, Casey N.; Gurnani, Payal K.; Rodby, Roger A.; Whittier, William L. Author Information
Molecular classification of zebrafish retinal ganglion cells links genes to cell types to behavior
Authors: Yvonne Kölsch, Joshua Hahn, Anna Sappington, Manuel Stemmer, António M. Fernandes, Thomas O. Helmbrecht, Shriya Lele, Salwan Butrus, Eva Laurell, Irene Arnold-Ammer, Karthik Shekhar, Joshua R. Sanes, Herwig Baier
Journal: Neuron (2020)
Non-invasive estimation of relative pressure for intracardiac flows using virtual work-energy
Authors: David Marlevi, Maximilian Balmus, Andreas Hessenthaler, Federica Viola, Daniel Fovargue, Adelaide de Vecchi, Pablo Lamata, Nicholas S. Burris, Francis D. Pagani, Jan Engvall, Elazer R. Edelman, Tino Ebbers, David A. Nordsletten
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2020)

Intracardiac blood flow is driven by differences in relative pressure, and assessing these is critical in understanding cardiac disease. Non-invasive image-based methods exist to assess relative pressure, however, the complex flow and dynamically moving fluid domain of the intracardiac space limits assessment. Recently, we proposed a method, νWERP, utilizing an auxiliary virtual field to probe relative pressure through complex, and previously inaccessible flow domains. Here we present an extension of νWERP for intracardiac flow assessments, solving the virtual field over sub-domains to effectively handle the dynamically shifting flow domain. The extended νWERP is validated in an in-silico benchmark problem, as well as in a patient-specific simulation model of the left heart, proving accurate over ranges of realistic image resolutions and noise levels, as well as superior to alternative approaches. Lastly, the extended νWERP is applied on clinically acquired 4D Flow MRI data, exhibiting realistic ventricular relative pressure patterns, as well as indicating signs of diastolic dysfunction in an exemplifying patient case. Summarized, the extended νWERP approach represents a directly applicable implementation for intracardiac flow assessments.