tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Obesity-Related Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease in Austrian Adults
Authors: Josef Fritz, Wolfgang Brozek, Hans Concin, Gabriele Nagel, Julia Kerschbaum, Karl Lhotta, Hanno Ulmer, Emanuel Zitt
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> It is unknown whether the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index as a measure of insulin resistance is associated with the risk of developing end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Because individuals who are overweight or obese often develop insulin resistance, mediation of the association between body mass index (BMI) and ESKD risk through the TyG index seems plausible but has not been investigated. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate whether the TyG index is associated with ESKD risk and, if so, to what extent the TyG index mediates the association between BMI and ESKD. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A total of 176 420 individuals were recruited during routine health examinations to participate in the Austrian Vorarlberg Health Monitoring and Promotion Program (VHM&amp;PP), a prospective, population-based cohort study with participant enrollment between January 1, 1988, and June 30, 2005, and a mean follow-up of 22.7 years. Data analysis was conducted from March 1, 2020, to September 30, 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Body mass index and the logarithmized product of fasting triglyceride and glucose concentrations (TyG index), as determined during the baseline health examination. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> End-stage kidney disease, as indicated by initiation of kidney replacement therapy, either dialysis or kidney transplantation. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 176 420 participants, 94 885 were women (53.8%); mean (SD) age was 42.5 (15.4) years. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 22.7 (6.9) years, 454 (0.3%) participants developed ESKD and 35 234 (20.0%) died. In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, the TyG index was significantly associated with the risk of ESKD, both with (hazard ratio [HR] per 1-SD increase, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.56-1.82) and without (HR per 1-SD increase, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.66-1.93) the inclusion of BMI as a covariate. Mediation analysis using a newly proposed 2-stage regression method for survival data showed that a 5-point increase in BMI increased the risk of ESKD by 58% (HR [total association], 1.58; 95% CI, 1.43-1.75), and that 41.7% of the total association (95% CI, 31.6%-51.8%) was mediated through the TyG index (HR [indirect association], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.18-1.25). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study found that the TyG index appeared to be associated with ESKD risk and mediates nearly half of the total association between BMI and ESKD in the general population. Public health efforts aiming at the reduction of body weight might decrease the kidney sequelae of insulin resistance and the burden of ESKD.
Determination of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationships by the conductance (volume) catheter technique.
Authors: D AKass, TYamazaki, DBurkhoff, W LMaughan, KSagawa
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Using a multielectrode conductance catheter to estimate continuous left ventricular volume we determined the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) in situ in open-chest anesthetized dogs. Dogs (n = 8) were studied in the control state and after pharmacologic sympathectomy (hexamethonium) and surgical vagotomy both before and after the administration of dobutamine. ESPVR was measured during brief (5 to 6 sec) preload reduction by balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava (IVCBO). The relationship was highly reproducible. The slope (Ecs) and volume intercept (Vo) (mean +/- SD) in the control series were 5.8 +/- 3.6 mm Hg/ml and 6.5 +/- 12.5 ml, respectively. Upon release of the IVCBO (preload recovery), Ecs was 7.7 +/- 3.6 mm Hg/ml and Vo was 12.4 +/- 9.6 ml (p less than .01). Autonomic blockade produced a 50% reduction in Ecs and a concomitant decrease in Vo (p less than .01), and eliminated the difference between ESPVR generated by preload reduction (IVCBO) and preload recovery (IVCBO releas...
Subaortic stenosis, the univentricular heart, and banding of the pulmonary artery: an analysis of the courses of 43 patients with univentricular heart palliated by pulmonary artery banding.
Authors: R MFreedom, L NBenson, J FSmallhorn, W GWilliams, G ATrusler, R DRowe
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Subaortic stenosis is well known to complicate the clinical course of patients with single ventricle or univentricular hearts, and we have previously suggested that the development of subaortic stenosis in such patients may be causal to and/or accelerated by previous banding of the main pulmonary trunk. To further define the relationship between banding of the pulmonary artery in patients with univentricular hearts and the development of subaortic stenosis, we examined the morphologic substrate and timing of the development of subaortic stenosis in 43 patients seen at our institution from January 1, 1970, through June 30, 1985. These 43 patients include all patients in this period with an unequivocal univentricular heart whose longitudinal data was available for follow-up. We excluded patients who died within 1 week of surgery, patients lost to follow-up, and patients with evidence of subaortic stenosis before banding. Thirty-one of 43 patients (72.1%) developed subaortic stenosis subsequent to banding of...
For mutualimprovment in the heang art. Philadelphia Medical Societies of the 18th century
Authors: R. Bell WJ
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The commencement exercises of the College of Philadelphia were held in the spring of 1768. As the provost of the institution, the Reverend Dr. William Smith turned to confer degrees of bachelor of medicine on ten young men who had completed the course of instruction, he proudly assured his audience that this was "the Birth-day of Medical Honours in America." It was that indeed—the first graduation of the first medical school in the British North American colonies; the culmination of some years of dreaming and effort; another evidence, if one were needed, of the increasing social and cultural maturity of the colonies. Additional evidence that in the third quarter of the 18th century the American medical profession was becoming mature we find in the professional societies which began to be established. In a few towns before 1750, to be sure, physicians had formed societies for mixed professional and social purposes;
Reye's syndrome
Authors: S M Hall
Journal: BMJ (1994)

contents and then swallowed as a glass of water is drunk.4If swallowing is impaired, nasogastric administration of the capsule's contents is indeed an alternative, albeit less accurate.Rather than sublingual nifedipine being prescribed, it would be clearer and more accurate to prescribe nifedipine for oral administration, with additional instructions that the patient should bite the capsule before swallowing it while drinking a glass ofwater.
Triggerlike stimulation of cholesterol accumulation and DNA and extracellular matrix synthesis induced by atherogenic serum or low density lipoprotein in cultured cells.
Authors: A NOrekhov, V VTertov, S AKudryashov, V NSmirnov
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

A 72-hour incubation of cultured cells with blood sera or plasma of patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) with angiographically assessed coronary atherosclerosis caused a threefold to fourfold elevation of intracellular cholesterol. An elevated cholesterol level in the cells precultured with patients' sera was retained several days after the removal of the examined serum from culture. The accumulation of intracellular cholesterol was accompanied by enhanced synthesis of DNA, total protein, collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and hyaluronic acid. Enhanced DNA and total protein synthesis was retained for at least 9 days after the serum had been removed from culture. The obtained results suggest that the sera of CHD patients possess an atherogenic potential that manifests itself at the arterial cell level in the stable stimulation of atherosclerotic cellular processes: proliferation, lipidosis, and fibrosis. The examined sera of healthy donors were devoid of such an atherogenic potential. T...
Hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects of the angiotensin II antagonist losartan in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: S SGottlieb, KDickstein, EFleck, JKostis, T BLevine, TLeJemtel, MDeKock
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDLosartan is a new specific angiotensin II receptor antagonist with no agonist properties that provides the opportunity to study the consequences of angiotensin II blockade. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the hemodynamic and neurohormonal response to losartan in patients with congestive heart failure.METHODS AND RESULTSAfter baseline hemodynamic measurements using balloon-tipped pulmonary artery and radial arterial catheters, patients were randomized to receive a single dose of placebo or 5, 10, 25, 75, or 150 mg losartan in a double-blind, sequential fashion. Hemodynamic and neurohormonal parameters were then measured periodically for 24 hours. Losartan caused vasodilation in a dose-dependent manner. By the area-under-the-curve method, the reduction in the mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance grew larger up to a dose of 25 mg, but the higher 75- and 150-mg doses did not produce additional vasodilation. In response to losartan, there were compensatory increa...
Free radicals mediate actions of oxyhemoglobin on cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: J ASteele, NStockbridge, GMaljkovic, BWeir
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Single smooth muscle cells were isolated from the basilar artery of the rat by enzymatic dispersion. The membrane properties of the cells were assessed using the patch-electrode voltage-clamp technique, and cell viability was monitored using fluorescein diacetate uptake. Exposure of the cells to oxyhemoglobin (5 microM) resulted in 1) contraction, 2) the appearance of membrane blebs, 3) an increase in the outward potassium currents, 4) a decrease in the membrane resistance, and 5) cell death. In contrast, no effect of oxyhemoglobin on cultured murine neuroblastoma cells was observed. Methemoglobin (100 microM) had no effects on the smooth muscle cells. Catalase (300 units/ml) or dimethyl sulfoxide (0.5%) protected against the effects of oxyhemoglobin; superoxide dismutase (100-1,000 units/ml) provided only partial protection. Exposure of the cells to superoxide anions generated by xanthine (1 mM) plus xanthine oxidase (10 units/l) or to hydrogen peroxide (500 microM) caused an increase in the outward pota...
Increased beta-receptor density and improved hemodynamic response to catecholamine stimulation during long-term metoprolol therapy in heart failure from dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: S MHeilbrunn, PShah, M RBristow, H AValantine, RGinsburg, M BFowler
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Severe heart failure is associated with a reduction in myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor density and an impaired contractile response to catecholamine stimulation. Metoprolol was administered during a 6-month period to 14 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy to examine its effects on these abnormalities. The mean daily dose of metoprolol for the group was 105 mg (range, 75-150 mg). Myocardial beta-receptor density, resting hemodynamic output, and peak left ventricular dP/dt response to dobutamine infusions were compared in 9, 14, and 7 patients, respectively, before and after 6 months of metoprolol therapy while the patients were on therapy. The second hemodynamic study was performed 1-2 hours after the morning dose of metoprolol had been given. Myocardial beta-receptor density increased from 39 +/- 7 to 80 +/- 12 fmol/mg (p less than 0.05). Resting hemodynamic output showed a rise in stroke work index from 27 +/- 4 to 43 +/- 3 g/m/m2, p less than 0.05, and ejection fraction rose from 0.26 +/- 0.03 to 0...
Immunosuppression with high doses of cyclophosphamide reduces the severity of myocarditis but increases the mortality in murine Coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis.
Authors: CKishimoto, K AThorp, W HAbelmann
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To test the therapeutic efficacy of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (CYP) on coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) myocarditis, 2-week-old DBA/2 mice were inoculated with 3 X 10(2) plaque-forming units of CB3 virus. CYP (100 mg/kg/day s.c.) was administered daily on days 0-8 (experiment 1; group 2), days 8-21 (experiment 2; group 4), and days 21-34 (experiment 3; group 6). Groups 1, 3, and 5 were infected control groups for each experiment. Spleen, thymus, and body weights were measured. In experiment 1, survival rate in group 2 on day 8 was low compared with group 1 (nine of 51 versus eight of 28; p = NS), and myocardial virus titers in group 2 on day 8 were higher (p less than 0.05) compared with group 1; however, cellular infiltration and myocardial necrosis in group 2 were less severe (p less than 0.05), and serum neutralizing antibody titers were decreased (p less than 0.01). In experiment 2, survival rate in group 4 on day 21 was significantly lower (six of 24 versus 12 of 16; p less than 0.01), but cellu...
Next-Generation Functional Drug Screening for Patients with Aggressive Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Philipp Bernhard Staber, Berend Snijder, Gregory Ian Vladimer, Nikolaus Krall, Katsuhiro Miura, Ann-Sofie Schmolke, Christoph Kornauth, Oscar Lopez de la Fuente, Hye-Soo Choi, Emiel van der Kouwe, Lukas Kazianka, Johannes Bigenzahn1, Gregor Hoermann, Nicole Prutsch, Olaf Merkel, Anna Ringler, Georg Jeryczynski, Marius Mayerhoefer, Ingrid Simonitsch-Klupp, Franz X Felberbauer, Leonhard Muellauer, Gerald W Prager, Belgin Korkmaz, Lukas Kenner, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Robert Kralovics, Heinz Gisslinger, Peter Valent, Stefan Kubicek, Ulrich Jaeger, Giulio Superti-Furga
Journal: Blood (2017)
Systolic time intervals by echocardiography.
Authors: M AStefadouros, A CWitham
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Technical difficulties in recording phonocardiogram or indirect carotid pulse occasionally preclude determination of the systolic time intervals. Accordingly, an alternative method was tested in 52 patients, using high-speed strip chart recording of the aortic valve echocardiogram. Satisfactory records were obtained in 36. The interval from opening to closing of the aortic valve (ejection time) was subtracted from the interval between the Q wave of the electrocardiogram and the closing of the aortic valve (total electromechanical systole) to provide the pre-ejection period. When these intervals and the pre-ejection period/ejection time ratio were compared to corresponding values obtained by conventional methods from the simultaneously recorded phonocardiograms and indirect carotid pulses, a high degree of correlation (r greater than 0.97) was found. Differences between the two methods for each interval were insignificant, being greatest in the case of the ejection time but never exceeding 16 msec. These f...
Differences in muscle blood flow in upper and lower extremities of patients after correction of coarctation of the aorta.
Authors: MSamánek, JGoetzová, JFiserová, JSkovránek
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Using the method 133Xe clearance we investigated blood flow and calculated vascular resistances simultaneously in the muscles of the upper and lower extremities in 58 patients following successful surgical correction of aortic coarctation carried out at age 11.5 (+/- 2.9) years. The interval from operation to investigation was 11.5 (+/- 4.5) years. Resting and maximal ischemic exercise blood flows in the upper extremity were decreased and the duration of maximal blood flow was shortened. Values recorded from the lower extremities did not differ from normal controls. The difference between upper and lower extremities was statistically significant. Vascular resistance during maximal blood flow was higher in the upper extremities than in the lower. Differences between upper and lower extremities did not change after vasodilation elicited by amyl nitrite. The degree of differences was not dependent upon the age at operation, the age of the patients at investigation, or on the time interval between operation a...
Interstate Reciprocity and Frauds in Medical Schools.
Authors: William C. Tait
Journal: JAMA (1906)

San Francisco, Sept. 28, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The September 15 issue of your esteemedJournalcontains a reply of Dr. Harison, secretary of the Michigan Board of Registration, to Dr. Tait of California (letter September 1), and to Dr. Harvey of Massachusetts (article August 25), both of whom consider that system as either pernicious or dangerous, at least under present conditions. The California statute provides for reciprocity in the discretion of the board of examiners, but the board has thus far remained outside of the reciprocity fold, although often invited to enter. It may interest the profession to know that the reciprocity clause of the California statute was before the Supreme Court of that state in the case, Ex Parte Gerimo, decided on in 1904. Counsel of Gerimo, an ex-judge of the court, attacked the law on the ground of the alleged unconstitutionality of the clause in question. Dr.
Evaluation of myocardial ischemic damage of various ages by computerized transmission tomography. Time-dependent effects of contrast material.
Authors: C BHiggins, P TSiemers, WSchmidt, J DNewell
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The potential role of computerized transmission tomography (CTT) in the detection and quantitation of acute myocardial ischemic damage was assessed in 42 excised canine hearts at 2 hours, 8 hours, and 48 hours after coronary occlusion. The CTT scan detected by myocardial damage that was 2-48 hours old each time the presence of regional ischemia was confirmed by histochemical straining or epicardial electrocardiographic mapping. Intravenous administration of contrast material enhanced the x-ray attenuation of areas of ischemic damage of 8 and 48 hours duration compared with normal myocardium, but enhanced only normal myocardium in those of 2 hours duration. Volumetric estimation of the extent of damage from the CTT scans in dogs with ischemia of 48 hours duration showed a close linear relationship with the morphometric volume in the absence of contrast material. Quantitation of the area of ischemic damage from the CTT scan after contrast administration resulted in substantial underestimation of the volume ...
The effect of hypophysectomy on experimental endothelial cell regrowth and intimal thickening in the rat.
Authors: M ABettmann, M BStemerman, B JRansil
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We studied the influence of hypophysectomy on endothelial cell regrowth and intimal thickening following aortic endothelial removal. Modification of this influence by replacement doses of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, thyroxin, and growth hormone also was investigated. Young adult male rats were used, and endothelial removal was achieved by the balloon catheter method. Percent endothelial regrowth and percent intimal thickening were quantified 1 or 2 weeks after injury (3 or 5 weeks after hypophysectomy). One week after injury, endothelial regrowth was 64% in hypophysectomized rats and only 54% in controls. At 2 weeks, values were 80% and 79% respectively. Intimal thickening (percent of wall thickness due to intima) at 1 week was 11% in hypophysectomized and 14% in control rats. At 2 weeks, values were 13% and 22%, respectively. All differences between hypophysectomized and control rats at 2 weeks were statistically significant. Neither endothelial regrowth nor intimal thickening in hypophysectomiz...
Ten year survival after coronary artery bypass surgery for angina in patients aged 65 years and older.
Authors: S HRahimtoola, G LGrunkemeier, AStarr
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We have assessed the long-term results of coronary bypass surgery for angina from 1974 to 1983 in 1304 patients aged 65 years and older (group 1). Using actuarial techniques, we determined that the 5 year and 10 year survival rates for patients 65 years old or older were 81 +/- 2% and 65 +/- 3% (mean +/- SE), respectively. The patients aged 65 years and older were further subdivided into those aged 65 to 74 years (group 1a) and 75 to 84 years (group 1b) and were compared with 1700 patients aged 55 to 64 years (group 2). The operative mortality in the three subgroups was 3%, 3%, and 2%, respectively (p = NS). For coronary bypass surgery, the duration of hospital stay was significantly longer (p less than .0001) by a mean of 1 to 2 days for group 1 patients and the cost of hospitalization was higher by a mean of $ 700 (p = .25). The cost of hospitalization was significantly higher only for group 1b patients (p = .005). The 5 year survival rates for the three subgroups (1a, 1b, and 2) were 83 +/- 2%, 73 +/- ...
Significance of the angiographic morphology of localized coronary stenoses: histopathologic correlations.
Authors: D CLevin, J TFallon
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Postmortem coronary angiographic morphology was correlated with histologic sections of 73 localized subtotal coronary artery stenoses (50-99% reduction of luminal diameter) to determine whether  or  atherosclerotic lesions could be detected angiographically. Lesions were divided into two types, according to angiographic morphology: Type I stenoses had smooth borders, an hourglass configurations, and no intraluminal lucencies; type II stenoses had irregular borders or intraluminal lucencies. Histologic sections were also divided into two types: uncomplicated stenoses had fatty or fibrous plaques with intact intimal surfaces and no superimposed thrombus; complicated stenoses manifested plaque rupture, plaque hemorrhage, superimposed partially occluding thrombus, or recanalized thrombus. Among 35 lesions with type I angiographic morphology, four (11.4%) were  lesions histologically. Among the 38 stenoses showing type II angiographic morphology, 30 (78.9%) were complicat...
Life-style factors and hand eczema
Authors: T.L. Diepgen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Conflicts of interest None declared. A variety of life‐style or health‐related habits (behavioural factors, e.g. obesity, binge drinking, smoking, regular exercise) and psychosocial factors (e.g. stress) have a major impact on a person’s health. It is also assumed that life‐style factors might have an important influence on skin diseases but good epidemiological data are missing. Eczema located on the hands is one of the most disabling skin conditions in terms of its impact on quality of life and occupation. The severity of hand eczema may range from very mild to severe and chronic, resulting in prolonged disability. Chronic hand eczema is associated with a high health economic burden and significant loss of quality of life. In the past, numerous studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of hand eczema in the general population and hand eczema was clearly associated with female gender, childhood eczema and young age. However, only a few studies have investigated the association between life‐style factors (only tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption) and hand eczema.
Walking on a Redline: Did Discriminatory U.S. Housing Policies Affect Greenspace Development?
Authors: Jori Lewis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2021)

This 1933 map of Birmingham, Alabama, demonstrates the color-coding system 10 used by the HOLC to determine the riskiness of making loans for properties in certain neighborhoods.Wealthy White neighborhoods were marked in green and given an A ("best") grade as the safest investments.Blue B neighborhoods were deemed "still desirable," although less so, whereas neighborhoods with a lot of recent immigrants might get a yellow C ("declining") grade.Low-income, ethnically diverse neighborhoods were outlined in red and rated D ("hazardous" to lenders).This particular map includes an additional designation separate from the HOLC system: solid gray for areas with a "Negro concentration."Cross-hatching indicates industrial and commercial areas, and diagonal lines indicate undeveloped property.