tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies of the Repair of O 6 -Alkylguanine and O 4 -Alkylthymine in DNA by Alkyltransferases from Mammalian Cells and Bacteria
Authors: Anthony E. Pegg, M. Eileen Dolan, David Scicchitano, Kazushige Morimoto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

06-Methylguanine in DNA is repaired by the action of a protein termed 06-alkylguanine-DNA alkyl- transferase (AT) which transfers the methyl group to a cysteine residue in its own sequence.Since the cysteine which is methylated is not regenerated rapidly, if at all, the capacity for repair of 06-methylguanine is limited by the number of molecules of the AT available within the cell.The level and inducibility of the AT differed greatly in different mammalian cell types and species with the highest levels in human tissues and in liver and the lowest levels in brain.Only a small induction occurred in rat liver in response to exposure to alkylating agents.In E. coli such exposure increased the activity more than 100-fold.The AT was not specific for methyl groups but also removed ethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and n- butyl groups from the 06-position in DNA.The protein isolated from E. coli removed methyl groups much more rapidly than the larger alkyl groups but the mammalian AT isolated from rat liver showed much less difference in rate with adducts of different size.Ethyl and n-propyl groups were removed by the rat liver AT only three to four times more slowly than methyl groups.Another important difference between the bacterial and mammalian ATs is that the bacterial protein was also able to remove methyl groups from the 04-position of thymine in methylated DNA or poly(dT) but the AT from rat liver or human fibroblasts did not repair 04_methylthymidine.These results indicate that the results obtained with the E. coli system may not be a suitable model for extrapolation to predictions of the effects of alkylating agents in initiating tumors or mutations in mammalian cells.
Cholera on the Texas Gulf Coast
Authors: Michael T. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Cholera is being increasingly recognized in the Gulf Coast region. This report describes two cholera cases of classic clinical presentation. Both cases were caused by toxigenic<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, one of an 01 serotype and one of a non-O1 serotype.<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>was also isolated from the home environments of both patients. These findings indicate that cholera continues to be detected on the Gulf Coast, that non-O1<i>V cholerae</i>infections may be clinically indistinguishable from<i>V cholerae</i>01 infections, and that both 01 and non-O1<i>V cholerae</i>strains are capable of survival in Gulf Coast environments. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1598-1599)
Short-term effects of simvastatin on bile acid synthesis and bile lipid secretion in human subjects
Authors: P Loria
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

To test whether de novo synthesis of cholesterol is a limiting factor for bile acid synthesis, we studied the acute effect of simvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG–coenzyme A reductase (the limiting step of cholesterol synthesis) on bile acid synthesis and biliary lipid secretion in subjects with interrupted enterohepatic circulation. In these conditions bile acid synthesis is derepressed and is assumed to equal biliary bile acid secretion. Five cholecystectomized patients fitted with T-tubes were studied. All subjects were administered simvastatin (80 mg as a single dose) 5 days after surgery. Bile was collected in 3-hr intervals for 15 hr before and 30 hr after the administration of the drug. During the experiment we kept the enterohepatic circulation of bile acid interrupted by inflating an occludable balloon inserted, during cholecystectomy, in the common bile duct. Simvastatin induced significant decreases of plasma total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, from 163 ± 29 mg/dl and 97 ± 24 mg/dl of the pretreatment value to 144 ± 30 mg/dl and 82 ± 22 mg/dl 18 hr after simvastatin administration, respectively. Bile flow tended to increase after simvastatin, and the mean values from the third to the 15th hour after simvastatin administration (22.1 ± 1.9 ml/hr) were significantly greater than the mean values of the pretreatment period (19.9 ± 2.8 ml/hr). Concomitantly biliary bile acid, cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations fell from basal values of 15.9 ± 5.1, 2.3 ± 0.3 and 5.5 ± 0.3 mmol/L to mean values, after treatment, of 9.0 ± 3.5, 1.9 ± 0.5 and 3.0 ± 0.9 mmol/L, respectively. Cholesterol saturation index increased from a mean value of 1.51 ± 0.31 in the pretreatment period to 1.98 ± 0.52 after simvastatin. Bile acid output decreased from a mean pretreatment value of 308.0 ± 79.1 μmol/hr to 191.9 ± 69.2 μmol/hr after simvastatin administration. Secretion rates of phospholipids decreased to a lesser extent, whereas cholesterol output remained constant. No correlation was found between bile acid output and bile flow, phospholipid secretion and cholesterol secretion. A significant correlation was present between phospholipid and cholesterol secretion. Our data show that, in conditions of derepressed bile acid synthesis, acute inhibition of HMG–coenzyme A reductase activity induces decreased bile acid synthesis and excretion. Our findings may suggest that the availability of newly synthesized cholesterol is a critical factor for bile acid synthesis and secretion but not for cholesterol secretion; alternatively HMG–coenzyme A reductase and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting step of bile acid synthesis, may be coordinately regulated at the transcriptional level. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:882–888.)
CDC says NC workers get little legal protection from smoke.
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

problem today.Lead poisoning can cause severe damage to a child's developing brain and nervous system and may result in mental retardation, hearing loss, ane- mia, and kidney and liver damage.The EPA estimates that 9% of children under the age of six, some 1.7 million children, are currently adversely affected by exposure to lead.The primary means of childhood exposure is through lead-based paint dust in homes."While substantial progress has been made in removing lead from the environment, it's still a significant problem in many inner-city areas," said Digna Sanchez, vice president of Community Education Services, the CTW's educational outreach division."Through this combined effort-The Prudential Foundation's concern and generosity, the National Safety Council's expertise in this issue, and CTWs proven record in reaching children-we hope to make a difference in young lives."The NSC-EHC will advise the CTW on key messages about lead poisoning for the educational materials and ensure that the information is consistent with current scientific understanding of lead poisoning.The CTW will be responsible for research and development of the television and audio components and for the outreach and distribution to the public.The NSC- EHC will also develop an adult brochure and help with outreach and distribution to the health care community.The project will target children ages three to six, as well as the families and child care providers of children from birth to six years of age."The project is unique because of its outreach to young children as well as adults," said Sanchez.Because of the increased risk of lead poisoning in inner cities, special efforts will be made to reach children and families in those areas.The CTW has developed a three-pronged approach to reach these people, said Ellen Morgenstern of the CTW.First, they will distribute materials through the "Sesame Street" public educa- tion programs that exist in inner-city areas.These programs distribute informa- tion to child-care facilities.Second, the CTW will distribute materials directly to clinics in inner-city areas.Third, they will target individual physicians in inner-city areas.The campaign is expected to be launched in the spring of 1996.
WHAT WAS THE LISBON EPIDEMIC?
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The familial hyperchylomicronemia syndrome. New insights into underlying genetic defects
Authors: S. Santamarina-Fojo
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 5-YEAR-OLD black boy was referred for evaluation of hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent episodes of abdominal pain. The proband, a 3.9-kg full-term infant with an uncomplicated gestation and vaginal delivery, was noted to have markedly lipemic plasma at 1 week of age. For the first 6 months of life, the infant suffered from severe abdominal bloating associated with emesis, which appeared to be temporally related to feeding. The frequency of these episodes decreased after the diet was changed to a medium-chain triglyceride—enriched formula. However, as the patient grew older, he continued to experience repeated episodes of severe abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting, and he was hospitalized twice with documented pancreatitis at the ages of 4 and 5 years. Fasting plasma triglyceride levels during the hospitalizations were 23.7 and 33.9 mmol/L, respectively. Family history was negative for the presence of hyperlipidemia, xanthomas, and pancreatitis. The parents' fasting triglyceride
Superoxide production by phagocytic leukocytes: the scientific legacy of Bernard Babior
Authors: J. T. Curnutte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

It was 32 years ago that Bernard Babior, Ruby Kipnes, and I submitted a paper to the JCI reporting that polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce superoxide (O2–) during phagocytosis and that this highly reactive oxygen radical might function as a microbicidal agent. The story of how our lab came to this discovery is one of a special relationship between a student and his brilliant mentor.
EORTC 1709/CCTG CE.8: A phase III trial of marizomib in combination with standard temozolomide-based radiochemotherapy versus standard temozolomide-based radiochemotherapy alone in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
Authors: Patrick Roth, Jaap C. Reijneveld, Thierry Gorlia, Frederic Dhermain, Filip Yves Francine Leon De Vos, Maureen Vanlancker, Christopher J. O'Callaghan, Emilie Le Rhun, Martin J. Van Den Bent, Warren P. Mason, Michael Weller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

TPS2072 Background: The standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma comprises maximum safe surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and concomitant and up to six cycles of maintenance temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy (TMZ/RT→TMZ). Despite this intense therapy, the prognosis remains poor and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic options. Marizomib is a novel, irreversible and brain-penetrant pan-proteasome inhibitor. Following its successful assessment in phase I trials in patients with newly diagnosed as well as recurrent glioblastoma, marizomib is now being investigated in a phase III trial. Methods: EORTC 1709/CCTG CE.8 is a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open label phase III superiority trial. Eligibility criteria include histologically confirmed newly diagnosed glioblastoma and a performance status ≥70. Approximately a total of 750 patients will be enrolled and randomized 1:1. Stratification factors include institution, age, Karnofsky performance status and extent of surgery. The primary objective of this study is to compare overall survival in patients receiving marizomib in addition to standard of care (TMZ/RT→TMZ) with patients receiving standard treatment only. The testing strategy specifies the determination of this objective in both the intent-to-treat population and the subgroup of patients with tumors harboring an unmethylated MGMT promoter. Secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, safety, neurocognitive function and quality of life. The study is accompanied by a translational research program. The study will be opened at 50 EORTC sites in Europe and done as an intergroup collaboration with the Canadian Cancer Trials Group (CCTG) with 25 sites in Canada and additional sites in the US. Patient enrolment started in June 2018 and as of January 29, 2019, a total of 85 patients have been randomized. An update on the enrolment status will be provided at the ASCO conference. Clinical trial information: NCT03345095.
Catch the Drift: Assessing Risk from Pesticide Spraying
Authors: W. Conard Holton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Sins of the FatherParentalSmoking and Childhood Cancer Exposure to passive (or environmental) tobacco smoke has been implicated in numerous childhood ailments ranging from low birth weight to middle ear disease.Passive smoke has also been suspect- ed, but not proven, to increase the risk of childhood cancer.Clarifying this issue is crucial not only for the protection of chil- dren's health but also for the fashioning of policy concerning smoking in public and private facilities.In this month's issue, Paolo Boffetta and colleagues present their meta-analysis of the results of more than 30 studies on the association between expo- sure to tobacco smoke from parental smoking during pregnancy and cancer in childhood ].The biological plausibility of the association between passive tobacco smoke and childhood cancer is based on studies that show that children do take in tobacco components-including carcino- gens and mutagens-when exposed to tobacco smoke during both gestation and childhood.Activation of procarcinogens in human fetal and placental tissues has been demonstrated, as has smoke- induced damage to DNA in human placenta.In conducting their meta-analysis, the authors searched the med- ical literature for epidemiological studies on childhood cancer where A meta-analysis of studies, though limited, indicates incras of cancer in children exposed to tobacco smoke from parental smoking9.
THE MULTIPLICATION OF BOOKS.AUTHORS AND MEDICAL SUBJECTS.
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Manual of Chemistry.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The malignant uterus yesterday, today, and tomorrow
Authors: J. Stallworthy
Journal: JAMA (1966)

One hundred years is not a long time in the history of mankind. If by "yesterday" we mean the beginning of the century, the malignant uterus was then almost invariably fatal. The way of death was painful, miserably offensive, and often prolonged, but hope had dawned for the future. If by "tomorrow" we mean the end of the century, 35 years from now, it is safe to prophesy that carcinoma of the cervix will have taken its place with smallpox and poliomyelitis as a generally recognized preventable disease. It is not improbable that the same will apply to carcinoma of the corpus. There will be a great and progressive reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer and a corresponding relative increase in carcinoma in situ and microinvasive lesions. Stage 1 cancer will be diagnosed in the early phase of invasion and the cure rate will be nearly 100%. One result
Queries and Minor Notes
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract A1-56: Applying TCGA data for breast cancer diagnostics and pathway analysis
Authors: Jannik Andersen, Parantu Shah, Matthew Ibbs, Violetta Filas, Konstanty Korski, Andrzej Marszalek, Yuanqing Wu, Edward Chang, Carlo Toniatti, Giulio Draetta, Maciej Wiznerowicz
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The main objective of our project is to obtain a comprehensive insight into oncogenic signaling in order to develop novel diagnostic tools for molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BRCA). We have provided about 100 BRCA samples along with full pathology and clinical annotations to the TCGA program. These cancer samples have been extensively characterized using all available genomics platforms and the obtained molecular data contributed to the molecular characterization of BRCA. This integrated effort identified four major molecular subtypes of breast cancer that can be identified across five profiling platform including genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics (Nature, 490 (7418):61-70). Building upon these datasets we aim to translate these genomics profiles into diagnostic tools that can be used in every day medical practice. In the first step, we have generated tissue microarrays (TMAs) from FFPE BRCA samples obtained from the patients enrolled into the TCGA project. Next, the TMA slides were used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) using about 100 antibodies specific for major cancer markers, including oncogenic kinases frequently activated or overexpressed in BRCA. The obtained IHC results have been scored and verified independently for each marker by two board-certified pathologists. To identify markers that correlate with or are specific to the molecular subtypes of BRCA, the TMA/IHC read- outs from each tumor sample were correlated with all TCGA genomic data. In addition, we integrate the pathology and genomics results with clinical data obtained from the TCGA-enrolled patients, including up to 4 years follow-up. Finally, we apply system biology tools to integrate the genomic data from TCGA with the proteomic analysis to understand causalities between changes in DNA, transcriptome and signal transduction pathways. Our long-term goal is to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers that will precisely identify each molecular subtype of BRCA and which may be predictive of patient response to therapy thus paving the way for novel personalized therapies for cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Jannik Andersen, Parantu Shah, Matthew Ibbs, Violetta Filas, Konstanty Korski, Andrzej Marszalek, Yuanqing Wu, Edward Chang, Carlo Toniatti, Giulio Draetta, Maciej Wiznerowicz. Applying TCGA data for breast cancer diagnostics and pathway analysis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-56.
Polar medicine
Authors: Laura Patterson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Gamma knife radiosurgery is an effective alternative to embolization or microsurgical removal of small arteriovenous malformations, particularly in eloquent areas of brain tissue. Stereotaxic angiography is a useful diagnostic and targeting adjunct to gamma knife radiosurgery, and the authors present their experience (1,100 patients) with methods and technique, and show how the nidus of the arteriovenous malformation can be defined angiographically. Dose planning employing digitization of the subtraction image enables determination of the spatial coordinates of the lesion by means of an interactive computer program.