tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical narrowing of atherosclerotic coronary arteries induced by increases in heart rate.
Authors: E GNabel, A PSelwyn, PGanz
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Vasodilation in normal and vasoconstriction in atherosclerotic coronary arteries have been observed in response to complex stimuli such as exercise and the cold pressor test. To study a single parameter that changes during these activities, and to better understand the pathophysiology of ischemia associated with increases in heart rate, we studied coronary vasomotion and blood flow response to increasing heart rate alone, produced by atrial pacing, with quantitative angiographic and Doppler flow-velocity measurements in 15 patients. In five patients with angiographically smooth coronary arteries (group 1), tachycardia produced progressive dilation of the epicardial artery with increases in cross-sectional area (CSA) of +15.5 +/- 3.4%, +22.4 +/- 2.1%, +28.5 +/- 3.3%, and +30.6 +/- 2.2% at 90, 110, 130, and 150 beats/min, respectively. In contrast, in five patients with mild angiographic narrowings (group 2), coronary segments failed to dilate with progressive tachycardia (-6.3 +/- 2.0%, -8.3 +/- 2.0%, -12....
Impact Of Noise On Tolerance And Quality Of Upper Digestive Endoscopy
Authors: M Linhares, D Ramos, F Pereira, J Pinto, A Caldeira, J Tristan, E Pereira, R Sousa, A Banhudo
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims At our department, upper digestive endoscopy is performed, mostly, without sedatives administration. So, the patient’s collaboration is necessary. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of noise during upper endoscopy performing on tolerance and quality (examination time) procedure.
A Live Animal Simulated Model For Learning Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound. Training In A Fast And Complete Course
Authors: L Sosa-Valencia, J Huppertz, F Wanert, F Haberzetser, L Swanström
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

3 courses were performed between 2019 and 2020. 27 trainees and 18 professors participated. Each program had 14 hours of hands-on training using ex-vivo models and high fidelity simulated animal on our experimental platform.
THU0615 POSITIVE MRI OF THE SPINE AS IMAGING CRITERION IN THE ASAS CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA FOR AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS
Authors: Mauricio Ochoa, Daniel Rios, Annelise Goecke, Maria Luisa Molina, Julio Cruz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> MRI is a useful tool for the evaluation of patients with chronic back pain suspected of axial spondyloarthritis. As defined by ASAS classification criteria, MRI suggestive of axial spondyloarthritis is based on the presence of inflammatory lesions in the sacroiliac joints. However inflammatory lesions in the spine may also occur. A consensus definition for a positive MRI-spine was developed by OMERACT MRI working group. In this consensus a positive MRI-spine is described as the presence of ≥ 3 inflammatory lesions in the corner of the vertebrae (bone marrow edema lesions), whereas each lesion needs to be present on ≥2 consecutive slices. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of spinal inflammatory lesions on MRI performed between January, 2015 and December, 2015 in the Universidad de Chile Clinical Hospital. <h3>Methods</h3> Data from MRI performed between January, 2015 and December, 2015 in the Universidad de Chile Clinical Hospital was collected. The patients were derived by a physician as part of the study of chronic back pain. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 118 MRI were performed in this period, from which 8 showed evidence of spinal involvement without sacroileitis. The finding in MRI were: 3 patients with enthesitis of spinal ligaments, 2 patients with spondylodiscitis and 3 patients with bone marrow edema in the corner of the vertebrae. However, no patients fulfilled the OMERACT criteria for a positive MRI-spine (≥ 3 corner based inflammatory lesions). Patients with inflammatory lesions in the corner of vertebrae only showed 1 or 2 bone marrow edema sites. When we hypothetically added this criteria (assuming 2 bone marrow edema sites as a positive MRI-spine) to the ASAS-criteria for axial spondyloarthritis, only one patient could be classified via the imaging arm. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Adding a positive MRI-spine as an imaging criterion to the ASAS-criteria for axial spondyloarthritis did not resulted in newly classified patients in this cohort. A combination of MRI-spine and MRI-SI had no incremental value compared with MRI-SI alone. <h3>References</h3> [1] Zaitouni Z. El al. The yield of a positive MRI of the spine as imaging criterion in the ASAS classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis: results from the SPACE and DESIR cohorts Ann Rheum Dis2017, 76: 1731. <h3>Disclosure of Interests</h3> Mauricio Ochoa: None declared, Daniel Rios: None declared, Annelise Goecke Consultant for: Roche, abbvie, novartis, Phizer, Paid instructor for: Roche, Speakers bureau: Roche, Novartis, Abbvie, pfizer, Maria Luisa Molina Speakers bureau: Novartis, Julio Cruz: None declared
Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children
Authors: Shan Luo, Brendan C. Angelo, Ting Chow, John R. Monterosso, Paul M. Thompson, Anny H. Xiang, Kathleen A. Page
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or maternal obesity in utero have an increased propensity to develop obesity. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We aimed to examine relationships between exposure to GDM or maternal obesity and daily energy intake (EI), brain responses to food cues within reward regions, and adiposity in children.Participants were 159 children ages 7-11 years. Repeated 24-h recalls were conducted to assess mean daily EI. A subset of children (n = 102) completed a food cue task in the MRI scanner. A priori regions of interest included the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), insula, amygdala, ventral striatum, and dorsal striatum. Adiposity measurements, BMI z-scores, percent body fat, waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed.Exposure to GDM was associated with greater daily EI, and children exposed to GDM diagnosed before 26 weeks gestation had greater OFC food cue reactivity. Children exposed to GDM also had larger WHR. Results remained significant after adjusting for child's age and sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal prepregnancy BMI, and child's physical activity levels. Furthermore, children who consumed more daily calories had greater WHR, and the relationship between GDM exposure and WHR was attenuated after adjustment for daily EI. Prepregnancy BMI was not significantly related to daily EI or food cue reactivity in reward regions. However, prepregnancy BMI was significantly related to all adiposity measurements; results remained significant for BMI z-scores, WtHR, and WHR after controlling for child's age and sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal GDM exposure, and child's physical activity levels.Exposure to GDM in utero, in particular before 26 weeks gestation, is associated with increased EI, enhanced OFC food cue reactivity, and increased WHR. Future study with longitudinal follow-up is merited to assess potential pathways of daily EI and food cue reactivity in reward regions on the associations between GDM exposure and childhood adiposity.
Prevalence and Predictors of Missed Dysplasia on Index Barrett’s Esophagus Diagnosing Endoscopy in a Veteran Population
Authors: Theresa H. Nguyen, Aaron P. Thrift, Rollin George, Daniel G. Rosen, Hashem B. El-Serag, Gyanprakash A. Ketwaroo
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
Cellular distribution of phosphodiesterase isoforms in rat cardiac tissue.
Authors: D CBode, J RKanter, L LBrunton
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

We have resolved multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) in whole rat ventricle and in isolated rat ventricular myocytes by use of anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. One major form, the soluble calmodulin-stimulated PDE, is apparently absent from isolated myocytes. We discern four peaks of PDE activity (designated A-D in the order of their elution) in a soluble fraction obtained from whole rat ventricle. Peak A is stimulated twofold to threefold by the addition of calcium and calmodulin (Ca2+/CalM) and preferentially hydrolyzes cGMP over cAMP (in the presence of Ca2+/CalM, KmcGMP = 1.5 microM, KmcAMP = 17 microM). Peak B has similar affinities for both cAMP and cGMP (half-maximum velocities achieved at 30 microM substrate) and demonstrates positive cooperativity with cAMP but not with cGMP. The hydrolysis of cAMP by peak B is stimulated by cGMP at substrate concentrations up to 20 microM; the maximum effect is seen at 1 microM cAMP (25-fold stimulation by 3 microM c...
Recuperative potential of cardiac muscle following relief of pressure overload hypertrophy and right ventricular failure in the cat.
Authors: R LCoulson, SYazdanfar, ERubio, A ABove, G MLemole, J FSpann
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

This study examined the recuperative potential of cat hearts subjected to experimental right ventricular pressure overload (for a 10- to 14-day period) which provoked hypertrophy with and without congestive heart failure. Five groups of cats were studied: normal controls; one group with 70% pulmonary artery constriction which produced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH); one group with an 87% constriction which also produced right ventricular hypertrophy but with congestive heart failure (CHF); and two groups which had been similarly subjected to pressure overload but which had been allowed a recovery period of 30 days after relief of the pressure overload. Both the 70% and 87% pulmonic constrictions were associated with extensive right ventricular hypertrophy, depression of myocardial contractile function, and severe redlction of cardiac norepinephrine stores (normal, 1.42 mug/g: RVH, 0.11 mug/g; CHF, 0.01 mug/g). After a 30-day period of relief from the pulmonic constriction normal hemodynamic function ...
Impact Of Covid-19 Outbreak On Gastro-Intestinal Cancer Burden
Authors: SM Milluzzo, EV Pesatori, C Hassan, N Olivari, L Minelli Grazioli, P Cesaro, M Valerio, C Spada
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Italy was the first European country to experience COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of this study was to show its impact on the activity of a tertiary care Endoscopy Unit with >18,000 procedures/year.
Spontaneous tachyarrhythmias after cholinergic suppression in the isolated perfused canine right atrium.
Authors: R BSchuessler, L VRosenshtraukh, J PBoineau, B IBromberg, J LCox
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Atrial fibrillation occurs spontaneously after bradycardia induced by acetylcholine infusion or vagal stimulation. To determine the mechanism of initiation of this tachyarrhythmia, we infused acetylcholine (5 ml, 10(-3.5) M) into Krebs-Henseleit-perfused isolated canine right atria (n = 10). Unipolar electrograms were recorded from 250 sites simultaneously during control rhythms, pacing (cycle length = 300 msec) with and without acetylcholine, and recovery of spontaneous activity. Activation sequence maps were constructed from each recording. Stable spontaneous rhythm was present in all preparations during control conditions. Activation sequence maps, recorded during continuous pacing with and without acetylcholine, demonstrated no dromotropic changes due to the acetylcholine. Focal asynchronous recovery of spontaneous activity was initiated from different sites, resulting in bigeminal or trigeminal premature depolarizations in 41 of 73 cases after infusion of acetylcholine. A reentrant tachyarrhythmia wa...
Fluid dynamics of aortic stenosis: subvalvular gradients without subvalvular obstruction.
Authors: J JBird, J PMurgo, APasipoularides
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Analysis of a tapering, pulsatile flow field predicts that substantial subvalvular pressure gradients exist in patients with valvular aortic stenosis (AS) without invoking a second anatomic site of obstruction. Using a catheter with two laterally mounted micromanometers, we examined the left ventricle in 11 patients with AS, mean age 64 +/- 11 years (+/- SD); the mean valve area was 1.0 +/- 0.3 cm2. Simultaneous measurements were made in (1) the left ventricular (LV) chamber and the LV outflow tract (LVOT) and (2) the LVOT and ascending aorta (AO). No patient had anatomic evidence of a subvalvular obstruction, but large subvalvular gradients were present in all. The average peak LV-LVOT and LV-AO gradients were 41 +/- 17 mm Hg and 58 +/- 23 mm Hg, respectively. Flow velocity was electromagnetically derived in two patients. The LV-LVOT gradient was associated with an increased flow velocity in the LVOT. This study suggests that large subvalvular gradients are present in AS and help overcome blood's inertia...
Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies with the nonclassical antifolate thymidylate synthase inhibitor 3,4-dihydro-2-amino-6-methyl-4-oxo-5-(4-pyridplthio)-quinazolone dihydrochloride (AG337) given by 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion
Authors: Rafi, Taylor, Calvete, Boddy, Balmanno, Bailey, Lind, Calvert, Webber, Jackson, Johnston, Clendeninn, Newell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (1995)
Doctors, drugs, and the DHSS
Authors: D. N K Symon, I. A Auchterlonie, K. P Ward
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The use of ACEI (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor) and ARB (Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker) in COVID-19 remains controversial. Our main aim was to describe the effect of ACEI/ARB treatment during COVID-19 hospitalization on mortality and complications. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective, observational, multicenter study, part of the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, comparing patients with COVID-19 treated with ACEI/ARB during hospitalization to those not treated. The primary endpoint was incidence of the composite outcome of prognosis (IMV [Invasive Mechanical Ventilation], NIMV [Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation], ICU admission [Intensive Care Unit], and/or all-cause mortality). The secondary endpoint was incidence of MACE (Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events). We evaluated both outcomes in patients whose treatment with ACEI/ARB continued or was withdrawn during hospitalization. <h3>Results</h3> Between February and June 2020, 11,205 patients were included, with mean age 67 years (SD=16.3) and 43.1% female; 2,162 patients received ACEI/ARB treatment. ACEI/ARB treatment showed a protective effect on all-cause mortality (<i>p</i>&lt;.0001). In hypertensive patients it was also protective in terms of IMV, ICU admission, and the composite outcome of prognosis (<i>p</i>&lt;.0001 for all). No differences were found in incidence of MACE. Patients previously treated with ACEI/ARB who continued treatment during hospitalization had a lower incidence of the composite outcome of prognosis than those whose treatment was withdrawn (RR 0.67, 95%CI 0.63-0.76). ARB had a more beneficial effect on survival than ACEI (HR 0.77, 95%CI 0.62-0.96). <h3>Conclusion</h3> ACEI/ARB treatment during COVID-19 hospitalization had a protective effect on mortality. The benefits were greater in hypertensive patients, those who continued treatment during hospitalization, and those taking ARB. <h3>Summary</h3> Treatment with ACEI/ARB during COVID-19 hospitalization showed a beneficial effect on mortality in the general population. The benefit was greater in hypertensive patients, in those who maintained treatment during hospitalization and those taking ARB.
Regulation of ventricular atrial natriuretic peptide release in hypertrophied rat myocardium. Effects of exercise.
Authors: HRuskoaho, PKinnunen, TTaskinen, OVuolteenaho, JLeppäluoto, T ETakala
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Left ventricular hypertrophy is characterized by stimulation of ventricular synthesis of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the increased ventricular ANP levels participate in the release of ANP into the circulation. Swimming was used as a physiologic model to induce ANP release from the heart, and atrial and ventricular levels of immunoreactive ANP (IR-ANP) and ANP messenger RNA (mRNA) were measured simultaneously in the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at rest and after swimming. IR-ANP concentration in the left ventricle of 1-year-old SHR with severe left ventricular hypertrophy was increased in association with the augmentation of ANP mRNA levels, whereas right ventricular levels of ANP were reduced in SHR compared with normotensive controls. A 30-minute exercise in hypertensive and in normotensive rats resulted in marked increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, plasma catecholamine levels, blood lactate levels, and...
SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit vaccination of mice and rhesus macaques elicits potent and durable neutralizing antibody responses
Authors: Marco Mandolesi, Daniel J. Sheward, Leo Hanke, Junjie Ma, Pradeepa Pushparaj, Laura Perez Vidakovics, Changil Kim, Monika Àdori, Klara Lenart, Karin Loré, Xaquin Castro Dopico, Jonathan M. Coquet, Gerald M. McInerney, Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam, Ben Murrell
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)

The outbreak and spread of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) is a current global health emergency, and effective prophylactic vaccines are needed urgently. The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates entry into host cells, and thus is the target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we show that adjuvanted protein immunization with soluble SARS-CoV-2 spike trimers, stabilized in prefusion conformation, results in potent antibody responses in mice and rhesus macaques, with neutralizing antibody titers exceeding those typically measured in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive humans by more than one order of magnitude. Neutralizing antibody responses were observed after a single dose, with exceptionally high titers achieved after boosting. A follow-up to monitor the waning of the neutralizing antibody responses in rhesus macaques demonstrated durable responses that were maintained at high and stable levels at least 4 months after boosting. These data support the development of adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 prefusion-stabilized spike protein subunit vaccines.
Protein kinase A-activated chloride channel is inhibited by the Ca(2+)-calmodulin complex in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Authors: SKawano, MHiraoka
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) has several chloride (Cl-) channels, which may neutralize the charge across the SR membrane generated by Ca2+ movement. We recently reported a novel 116-picosiemen Cl- channel that is activated by protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation in cardiac SR. This Cl- channel may serve as a target protein in the receptor-dependent regulation of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. To understand further regulatory mechanisms, the effects of Ca2+ on the Cl- channel were studied using the planar lipid bilayer-vesicle fusion technique. In the presence of calmodulin (CaM, 0.1 mumol/L per microgram SR vesicles), Ca2+ (3 mumol/L to 1 mmol/L) added to the cis solution reduced the channel openings in a concentration-dependent fashion, whereas Ca2+ (1 nmol/L to 1 mmol/L) alone or CaM (0.1 to 1 mumol/L per microgram SR vesicles) with 1 nmol/L Ca2+ did not affect the channel activity. This inhibitory effect of Ca2+ in the presence of CaM was prevented by CaM inhibitors N-(6 aminohex...
Troponin T isoform expression in humans. A comparison among normal and failing adult heart, fetal heart, and adult and fetal skeletal muscle.
Authors: P AAnderson, N NMalouf, A EOakeley, E DPagani, P DAllen
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The expression of troponin (Tn) T, a thin-filament regulatory protein, was examined in left ventricular myocardium from normal and from failing adult human hearts. The differences in isoform expression between normal and failing myocardium led us to examine the ontogenic expression of TnT in human striated muscle. Left ventricular samples were obtained from patients with severe heart failure undergoing cardiac transplantation and normal adult organ donors. Fetal muscle was obtained from aborted fetuses after 14-15 weeks of gestation, and adult skeletal muscle was obtained from surgical biopsies. Western blots of normal and failing adult heart proteins demonstrated that two isoforms, TnT1 and TnT2, are expressed in different amounts, with TnT2 being significantly greater in failing hearts (p less than 0.004). Western blots of two-dimensional gels of these proteins resolved two predominant spots of both TnT1 and TnT2 and several minor TnT species. Alkaline phosphatase treatment converted the two major spots...
Review of the pocket-electrocardiograph (PECG) in a large general medical clinic.
Authors: HKishida, TAkazome, EKimura, A ERikli
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Two hundred and twenty patients were selected for testing with the patient-activated Pocket Electrocardiography (PECG) because angina pectoris and similar diagnoses could not be excluded. They were selected during a 30-month period from the population of approximately 12,000 new patients visiting a general medical clinic at Nippon Medical School Hospital. The test confirmed the preliminary diagnosis in 79.1%; 9.6% were not confirmed and 11.3% did not have an attack during the PECG examination. The PECG examination is useful in the differential diagnosis of angina pectoris, cardiac neurosis, phantom arrhythmia, and arrhythmia when the routine ECG examinations are essentially negative.
Conjoint high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol across generations. Analysis of proband hypertriglyceridemia and lipid/lipoprotein disorders in first-degree family members.
Authors: D LSprecher, M JHein, P MLaskarzewski
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDTo discern whether hypertriglyceridemia (hyper-TG, TG > 95th percentile) and hypoalphalipoporteinemia (hypoalpha, high-density lipoprotein [HDL-C]   99th percentile in a previous visit) and their 2072-first-degree relatives in the Lipid Research Clinics' Family Study. Repeat TG measurement, with exclusion criterion of TG   95th percentile, HDL-C   95th percentile, HDL-C > 10th percentile, n = 80). Hyper-TG was expressed in 24.2% of first-degree relatives of proba...
Treatment for Hepatitis C
Authors: Bernard A. Schwetz
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The FDA has issued two approvals involving the use of Rebetol capsules (ribavirin), Intron A injection (interferon alfa-2b) and PEG-Intron injection (peginterferon alfa-2b) (all Schering Corp, Kenilworth, NJ) to treat patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Parasympathetic coronary vasoconstriction induced by nicotine in conscious calves.
Authors: M AYoung, D RKnight, S FVatner
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We studied the effects of intracoronary injection of nicotine and acetylcholine on coronary blood flow in nine conscious calves chronically instrumented to measure coronary blood flow, left ventricular (LV) and mean arterial pressure, LV dP/dt, and heart rate. Nicotine (5 micrograms/kg i.c.) elicited a biphasic response in coronary blood flow consisting of an initial vasoconstriction (phase 1; blood flow fell by 52 +/- 5.4% from a baseline of 66 +/- 7.5 ml/min) followed by vasodilation (phase 2, blood flow rose 119 +/- 12.7% above baseline). The change in coronary blood flow with nicotine was not associated with changes in LV systolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, or heart rate. The change in coronary blood flow was unaffected by combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin, rauwolscine, and propranolol but was abolished by either muscarinic blockade with atropine or ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium. Acetylcholine (0.5 microgram/kg i.c.), without affecting mean arterial pressure,...
Interim Results From A Prospective Multicentre Trial On Real Time Optical Diagnosis- Blast Study
Authors: E Hossain, M Abdelrahim, S Sharmila, M Stefanovic, B Hayee, E Schoon, S Papa, P Bhandari
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims We aim to use Blue Light Imaging (BLI) for real time optical diagnosis during colonoscopy to see if it could meet the PIVI standards.