tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 14854: A Primary Care Digital Therapeutic for Diabesity
Authors: Gitte Wieneke, Niall S Colwell, Jack Egan, Mícheál O'Croinín, Andrew Sheppard
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: While lifestyle change is a Class I Recommendation for Metabolic Syndrome components and Type II Diabetes, implementation of such change is often not achieved in primary care. Hypothesis: Test RediCare ControlDTx, a digital therapeutic which is designed to scale the delivery of lifestyle therapy, in Obese and Type 2 Diabetic subjects. Methods: 43 subjects, 32 (75%) female and 11 (25%) male were enrolled within a primary care practice. Weight, BMI, Blood Pressure, HbA1c and lipids were analyzed pre and post intervention using a student t-test. The 16-week program combines personalized condition specific video-based health education, health coach support via unlimited one to one online consultations, peer to peer support and asynchronous messaging to optimize compliance. A prescribed dietary protocol based on consuming whole foods while emphasizing the reduction of refined carbohydrates and sugar intake, while exercising resulted in significant reductions in HbA1c, Weight, BMI, Systolic Blood Pressure and Triglycerides. Results: are presented in Fig 1 with standard deviations shown in brackets. In type 2 diabetic subjects, mean triglycerides were 216.4 mg/dL at baseline and 105.0 mg/dL at follow up, a reduction of -111.3 mg/dL (51.56%). Prediabetic subjects mean triglycerides were 137.6 mg/dL at baseline and 99.5 mg/dL at follow up, a reduction of -38.2 mg/dL (-27.72%). The average number of health coach consultations was 1.3 per participant. Conclusion: A prescribed primary care digital therapeutic confers statistically and clinically significant reductions in metabolic syndrome and diabetic parameters and is seamlessly integrated into the primary care setting. The digital intervention at &lt;$75 per participant was cost effective in both the health benefits and savings achieved in reduced medication costs.
Evaluation of hepatitis C treatment-as-prevention within Australian prisons (SToP-C): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Behzad Hajarizadeh, Jason Grebely, Marianne Byrne, Pip Marks, Janaki Amin, Hamish McManus, Tony Butler, Evan B Cunningham, Peter Vickerman, Natasha K Martin, John G McHutchison, Diana M Brainard, Carla Treloar, Georgina M Chambers, Luke Grant, Colette Mcgrath, Andrew R Lloyd, Gregory J Dore, Stuart Loveday, Gregory Dore, Andrew Lloyd, Jason Grebely, Tony Butler, Georgina Chambers, Carla Treloar, Marianne Byrne, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Pip Marks, Mahshid Tamaddoni, Stephanie Obeid, Gerard Estivill Mercade, Maria Martinez, Roy Donnelly, Colette McGrath, Julia Bowman, Lee Trevethan, Katerina Lagios, Luke Grant, Terry Murrell, Nicky Bath, Victor Tawil, Annabelle Stevens, Libby Topp, Alison Churchill, Kate Pinnock, Natasha Martin, Steven Drew, Mary Harrod, Angela Smith, Ronella Williams, Brigid Cooper, Kelly Somes, Carina Burns, Anoop Kaur, Camilla Lobo, Karen Conroy, Luke McCredie, Carolyn Café, Jodie Anlezark, William Rawlinson, Malinna Yeang, Matthew Wynn, Christiana Willenborg
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2021)
Abstract 17312: Incidence of Periprocedural Complications in Patients With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Chronic Total Occlusions and Impact of Mortality
Authors: Niya Mileva, Dobirn Vassilev, Pavel Nikolov, Kiril Karamfiloff
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Percutaneous recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) remains one of the biggest challenges in interventional cardiology and is known to be associated with higher complication rate compared to regular coronary angioplasty. The aim of the current study is to explore the frequency and clinical outcomes of patients with procedural complications. Methods: All patients with CTOs were included in prospective registry. CTO was defined as a total obstruction of a coronary artery with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade flow of 0 and duration of more than three months. Frequency of periprocedural complications were analyzed and all patients were followed-up for vital status. Results: For the purpose of current analysis we included 595 patients (66±10 years, 78% males) who underwent a total of 661 PCIs of chronic total occlusions. 623 procedures (94.3%) were successful with TIMI 3 final flow. In 10.9% (n=72) of the procedures there was a periprocedural complication defined as: coronary perforation (type I-III) 3.02% (n=20), puncture site haematoma 1.7%(n=11), coronary intramural haematoma 1.5%(n=10), coronary dissection n=5(0.8%). In 4 people (0.6%) there was perforation with formation of haemopericardium (type IV coronary perforation). On logistic regression analysis factors found to be significantly predictive for occurrence of complication were carotid artery disease (OR=4.794, CI: 1.718-13.374, p = 0.038) and renal failure (OR=1.774, CI: 1.060-2.967, p=0.016). At a median follow-up of 31 months (IQR 13-49) the overall death rate was 20.7% (n=123) and was significantly lower in noncomplicated vs complicated group (104/525, 19.8% vs 19/69, 27.5%, log-rank p=0.042). On Cox-regression analysis procedural complication was independent predictor of death (OR= 1.650, CI 1.011- 2.692, p= 0.042). Conclusion: In patients undergoing PCI for CTO the presence of periprocedural complication was independent predictors of mortality and these subjects had higher mortality rate at a median follow-up of 31 months.
Abstract P138: Diet Quality Improvements In Response To Evening Snacks That Differ By Carbohydrate And Fat Composition: A 6-week, Randomized, Crossover Trial In Participants With Impaired Fasting Glucose
Authors: Philip Sapp, Kristina Petersen, Penny M Kris-Etherton
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Objectives: To examine the effect of consuming one ounce of peanuts (PNUT) as an evening snack on diet quality compared to an isocaloric lower fat higher carbohydrate snack (LFHC), in individuals with impaired fasting glucose IFG. Methods: Fifty-one individuals (48% female; 42 ± 15 y; BMI 28.3 ± 5.6 kg/m 2 ; glucose 100 ± 8 mg/dL; total cholesterol 189 ± 30 mg/dL; LDL-C 121 ± 26 mg/dL; HDL-C 53 ± 14 mg/dL; triglycerides 116 ± 73 mg/dL) were enrolled in this two-period, randomized, crossover trial. In random order, subjects consumed each snack in the evening (after dinner and before bedtime) for 6 weeks (PNUT: 164 kcal, 14 g fat, 2.2 g saturated fat, 6 g carbohydrate, 7 g protein, 2.4 g fiber; LFHC: 165 kcal, 6 g fat, 2 g saturated fat, 22 g carbohydrate, 7 g protein, 3.0 g fiber) with a 4 week compliance break. Subjects were instructed not to consume other caloric foods/beverages after dinner. Participants self-reported being adherent to the protocol on 88% of study days. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour recalls (ASA24® Dietary Assessment Tool) conducted at the beginning and end of each diet period. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was calculated using the NCI SAS code. Results: There was no between-condition difference in the HEI-2015 score for PNUT compared to LFHC (mean difference 3.2; 95% CI -1.1, 7.4). Individual mean component scores were significantly different following PNUT compared to LFHC (whole grains: -2.0 [95% CI -3.1, -1.0]; seafood and plant protein: 1.5 [95% CI 0.8, 2.3]; fatty acids: 2.0 [95% CI 0.8, 3.2]; and saturated fat 1.2 [95% CI 0.1, 2.4]). Following PNUT, consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (3 g; 95% CI 0.2, 6.6), total protein foods (2.0 oz-eq; 95% CI 0.5, 3.4) and vegetable oils (6.5 g; 95% CI 1.6, 11.5) were higher whereas whole grain (-0.9 oz-eq; 95% CI -1.2, -0.5) consumption was lower compared to LFHC. No other differences in dietary intake were observed. Conclusions: In individuals with IFG, consuming 28g of peanuts as an evening snack increased consumption of total protein foods, oils, and polyunsaturated fatty acids and reduced whole grains compared to the LFHC snack. Overall diet quality was not increased, but fatty acid and total protein food scores improved.
A spontaneous multifunctional hydrogel vaccine amplifies the innate immune response to launch a powerful antitumor adaptive immune response
Authors: Xiuqi Liang, Lu Li, Xinchao Li, Tao He, Songlin Gong, Shunyao Zhu, Miaomiao Zhang, Qinjie Wu, Changyang Gong
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Substantial progress has been made with cancer immunotherapeutic strategies in recent years, most of which mainly rely on enhancing the T cell response. However, sufficient tumor antigen information often cannot be presented to T cells, resulting in a failed effector T cell response. The innate immune system can effectively recognize tumor antigens and then initiate an adaptive immune response. Here, we developed a spontaneous multifunctional hydrogel (NOCC-CpG/OX-M, Ncom Gel) vaccine to amplify the innate immune response and harness innate immunity to launch and maintain a powerful adaptive immune response. Methods: Ncom Gel was formed by a Schiff base reaction between CpG-modified carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC-CpG) and partially oxidized mannan (OX-M). The effects of the Ncom Gel vaccine on DCs and macrophages in vitro and antigen-specific humoral immunity and cellular immunity in vivo were studied. Furthermore, the antitumor immune response of the Ncom Gel vaccine and its effect on the tumor microenvironment were evaluated. Results: The Ncom Gel vaccine enhanced antigen presentation to T cells by facilitating DC uptake and maturation and inducing macrophages to a proinflammatory subtype, further leading to a T cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Moreover, the innate immune response could be amplified via the promotion of antigen-specific antibody production. The Ncom Gel vaccine reversed the tumor immune microenvironment to an inflamed phenotype and showed a significant antitumor response in a melanoma model. Conclusions: Our research implies the potential application of injectable hydrogels as a platform for tumor immunotherapy. The strategy also opens up a new avenue for multilayered cancer immunotherapy.
Abstract 15199: Effect of Adherence on an Invasive Approach to Cocaine Associated Non ST Elevation MI
Authors: Rahul Jaswaney, Shilpkumar Arora, Chinmay Jani, ZACHARY ZUZEK, SIDAKPAL S PANAICH, Mohini Patel, Samarthkumar J Thakkar, Richard A Josephson, David Zidar, Mehdi Shishehbor
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Guidelines for the treatment of cocaine associated non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (CANSTEMI) suggest benefit with invasive approaches. There is reluctance to pursue invasive options due to concerns of medication non adherence. Hypothesis: To determine the effect of a history of medication adherence on invasive approaches to patients with CANSTEMI. Methods: The Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried from 2016 - 2017 for ICD-10 CM codes I21.4 in the primary diagnosis field and F14 in secondary fields for CANSTEMI. Coronary angiogram with or without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was defined as invasive approaches. History of non adherence was identified by appropriate ICD-10 CM codes. The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at one year. Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) readmission, stroke readmission, and emergent revascularization at one year. Cox-Proportional Hazard regression was used to adjust for demographic and comorbid confounders. Results: We identified 7,372 patients with CANSTEMI, of which 5,236 (71.0%) were adherent and 2,138 (39%) were non adherent. In adherent patients, 1486 (28%) had CA and 1773 (34%) had PCI. In non adherent patients, 538 had CA (25%) and 546 (25%) had PCI. Neither age nor gender were associated with non adherence. Non adherent patients were more likely to have diabetes, COPD, CKD stage 3 or more, and anemia. The primary outcome of MACE was significantly lower at 1 year in adherent patients with invasive approaches, while emergent revascularization was not different. In non adherent patients, there was no difference in MACE with invasive approaches, while there was a significant increase in emergent revascularization (Figure 1). Conclusion: Patients with a history of adherence demonstrated significant benefits and reduced risks with an invasive approach, while similar benefit was not observed in non-adherent patients.
Ultrafast Sample placement on Existing tRees (UShER) enables real-time phylogenetics for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Yatish Turakhia, Bryan Thornlow, Angie S. Hinrichs, Nicola De Maio, Landen Gozashti, Robert Lanfear, David Haussler, Russell Corbett-Detig
Journal: Nature Genetics (2021)
REPLY:
Authors: Angela Lamarca, Alvaro Santos‐Laso, Kirsten Utpatel, Adelaida La Casta, Simone Stock, Alejandro Forner, Jorge Adeva, Trine Folseraas, Luca Fabris, Rocio IR Macias, Marcin Krawczyk, Marek Krawczyk, Vincenzo Cardinale, Chiara Braconi, Domenico Alvaro, Matthias Evert, Jesus M. Banales, Juan W. Valle
Journal: Hepatology (2021)
胎児母体同種免疫血小板減少症の治療を目的とした組み換え型HPA-1a抗体療法: ヒトボランティアを対象とした原理の証明
Authors: Ghevaert Cedric, Herbert Nina, Hawkins Louise, Grehan Nicola, Cookson Philip, F Garner Steve, Crisp-Hihn Abigail, Lloyd-Evans Paul, Evans Amanda, Balan Kottekkattu, H Ouwehand Willem, L Armour Kathryn, R Clark Mike, M Williamson Lorna
Journal: Blood (2013)
An injectable excipient prevents anti‐polyethylene glycol antibody‐mediated hypersensitivity
Authors: Yiwei Liu, Colton A. Smith, Monique Payton, David Jenkins, Laura J. Janke, Mary V. Relling
Journal: Allergy (2021)

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Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways Connecting Classical and Rare OI Types
Authors: Milena Jovanovic, Gali Guterman-Ram, Joan C Marini
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2021)

Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous skeletal dysplasia characterized by bone fragility, growth deficiency, and skeletal deformity. Previously known to be caused by defects in type I collagen, the major protein of extracellular matrix, it is now also understood to be a collagen-related disorder caused by defects in collagen folding, posttranslational modification and processing, bone mineralization, and osteoblast differentiation, with inheritance of OI types spanning autosomal dominant and recessive as well as X-linked recessive. This review provides the latest updates on OI, encompassing both classical OI and rare forms, their mechanism, and the signaling pathways involved in their pathophysiology. There is a special emphasis on mutations in type I procollagen C-propeptide structure and processing, the later causing OI with strikingly high bone mass. Types V and VI OI, while notably different, are shown to be interrelated by the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 p.S40L mutation that reveals the connection between the bone-restricted interferon-induced transmembrane protein-like protein and pigment epithelium-derived factor pathways. The function of regulated intramembrane proteolysis has been extended beyond cholesterol metabolism to bone formation by defects in regulated membrane proteolysis components site-2 protease and old astrocyte specifically induced-substance. Several recently proposed candidate genes for new types of OI are also presented. Discoveries of new OI genes add complexity to already-challenging OI management; current and potential approaches are summarized.
Endoscopic resection of a pediatric pyogenic granuloma of the major papilla
Authors: Ricardo Stefano da Penha, Jose Eduardo Brunaldi, Gustavo Murad Pinton, Lucas Tobias Almeida Queiroz, Yuri Zamban Vieira, Ligia Magnani Landell Camarero, Vitor Ottoboni Brunaldi
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

The lobular capillary hemangioma, also known as pyogenic granuloma, is a common benign vascular tumor that generally appears in the skin or oral cavity. Rarely, it may arise in the small intestine and cause refractory bleeding [1]. Resection is the mainstay of treatment as spontaneous regression is uncommon. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl presenting with chronic refractory iron-deficiency anemia. She complained of intermittent weakness over the past 3 years. Previous endoscopy and colonoscopy revealed only an edematous major papilla. Biopsy showed exuberant granulation tissue. At the time of referral to our center, she had already received several intravenous iron infusions and blood transfusions.
Need for and use of contraception by women before and during COVID-19 in four sub-Saharan African geographies: results from population-based national or regional cohort surveys
Authors: Shannon N Wood, Celia Karp, Funmilola OlaOlorun, Akilimali Z Pierre, Georges Guiella, Peter Gichangi, Linnea A Zimmerman, Philip Anglewicz, Elizabeth Larson, Caroline Moreau
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

Although hindrances to the sexual and reproductive health of women are expected because of COVID-19, the actual effect of the pandemic on contraceptive use and unintended pregnancy risk in women, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, remains largely unknown. We aimed to examine population-level changes in the need for and use of contraception by women during the COVID-19 pandemic, determine if these changes differed by sociodemographic characteristics, and compare observed changes during the COVID-19 pandemic with trends in the 2 preceding years.In this study, we used four rounds of Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) population-based survey data collected in four geographies: two at the country level (Burkina Faso and Kenya) and two at the subnational level (Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Lagos, Nigeria). These geographies were selected for this study as they completed surveys immediately before the onset of COVID-19 and implemented a follow-up specific to COVID-19. The first round comprised the baseline PMA panel survey implemented between November, 2019, and February, 2020 (referred to as baseline). The second round comprised telephone-based follow-up surveys between May 28 and July 20, 2020 (referred to as COVID-19 follow-up). The third and fourth rounds comprised two previous cross-sectional survey rounds implemented in the same geographies between 2017 and 2019.Our analyses were restricted to 7245 women in union (married or living with a partner, as if married) who were interviewed at baseline and COVID-19 follow-up. The proportion of women in need of contraception significantly increased in Lagos only, by 5·81 percentage points (from 74·5% to 80·3%). Contraceptive use among women in need increased significantly in the two rural geographies, with a 17·37 percentage point increase in rural Burkina Faso (30·7% to 48·1%) and a 7·35 percentage point increase in rural Kenya (71·6% to 78·9%). These overall trends mask several distinct patterns by sociodemographic group. Specifically, there was an increase in the need for contraception among nulliparous women across all geographies investigated.Our findings do not support the anticipated deleterious effect of COVID-19 on access to and use of contraceptive services by women in the earliest stages of the pandemic. Although these results are largely encouraging, we warn that these trends might not be sustainable throughout prolonged economic hardship and service disruptions.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Analysis of Genomic DNA from Medieval Plague Victims Suggests Long-Term Effect of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> on Human Immunity Genes
Authors: Alexander Immel, Felix M Key, András Szolek, Rodrigo Barquera, Madeline K Robinson, Genelle F Harrison, William H Palmer, Maria A Spyrou, Julian Susat, Ben Krause-Kyora, Kirsten I Bos, Stephen Forrest, Diana I Hernández-Zaragoza, Jürgen Sauter, Ute Solloch, Alexander H Schmidt, Verena J Schuenemann, Ella Reiter, Madita S Kairies, Rainer Weiß, Susanne Arnold, Joachim Wahl, Jill A Hollenbach, Oliver Kohlbacher, Alexander Herbig, Paul J Norman, Johannes Krause
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Pathogens and associated outbreaks of infectious disease exert selective pressure on human populations, and any changes in allele frequencies that result may be especially evident for genes involved in immunity. In this regard, the 1346-1353 Yersinia pestis-caused Black Death pandemic, with continued plague outbreaks spanning several hundred years, is one of the most devastating recorded in human history. To investigate the potential impact of Y. pestis on human immunity genes, we extracted DNA from 36 plague victims buried in a mass grave in Ellwangen, Germany in the 16th century. We targeted 488 immune-related genes, including HLA, using a novel in-solution hybridization capture approach. In comparison with 50 modern native inhabitants of Ellwangen, we find differences in allele frequencies for variants of the innate immunity proteins Ficolin-2 and NLRP14 at sites involved in determining specificity. We also observed that HLA-DRB1*13 is more than twice as frequent in the modern population, whereas HLA-B alleles encoding an isoleucine at position 80 (I-80+), HLA C*06:02 and HLA-DPB1 alleles encoding histidine at position 9 are half as frequent in the modern population. Simulations show that natural selection has likely driven these allele frequency changes. Thus, our data suggest that allele frequencies of HLA genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity responsible for extracellular and intracellular responses to pathogenic bacteria, such as Y. pestis, could have been affected by the historical epidemics that occurred in Europe.
Abstract 16535: Mental and Behavioral Health Disorders Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States
Authors: Jayakumar Sreenivasan, Mohammad S Khan, Safi U Khan, Wilbert S Aronow, Julio A Panza, Glenn N Levine, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Roger S Blumenthal, Erin D Michos
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Mental and behavioral health disorders (MBD) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and with worse long-term outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI). Hypothesis: We hypothesized the prevalence of MBD among patients with acute MI is rising over time. Methods: Using National Inpatient Sample Database, we assessed temporal trends in the prevalence of MBD and in-hospital outcomes among patients hospitalized for acute MI in the US from 2008-2017. We used multiple logistic regression for in-hospital outcomes and examined yearly trends and estimated annual percent change (APC) in odds of MBD among MI patients. Results: We included a total of 6,117,804 patients with MI (ST elevation MI 30.4%) with a mean age of 67.2±0.04 and 39% females. Psychoactive substance use disorder (PSD) (24.9%) was the most common behavioral health disorder, and major depression (6.2%) and anxiety disorders (6.0%) were the most common mental health disorders, followed by bipolar disorder (0.9%), schizophrenia/psychotic disorders (0.8%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (0.3%). Between 2008 to 2018, the prevalence of PSD (23.7-25.0%, APC +0.6%), major depression (4.7-7.4%, APC +6.2%), anxiety disorders (3.2-8.9%, APC +13.5%), PTSD (0.2-0.6%, +12.5%) and bipolar disorder (0.7-1.0%, APC +4.0%) significantly increased over the time period. Major depression, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia/psychotic disorders were associated with a lower likelihood of coronary revascularization, although a co-diagnosis of MBD was associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: MBD are common among patients with acute MI and there was a concerning increase in the prevalence of PSD, major depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders and PTSD. Focused mental and behavioral health interventions and health care policy changes are warranted to address the increasing burden of comorbid MBD among acute MI.