tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High-resolution SPECT study of regional cerebral blood flow in drug- free and drug-naive schizophrenic patients
Authors: A Vita, S Bressi, D Perani, G Invernizzi, G M Giobbio, M Dieci, M Garbarini, A Del Sole, F Fazio
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The purpose of the study was to compare regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in schizophrenic patients never treated with psychotropic drugs (drug-naive) and in schizophrenic patients free from drugs for various amounts of time.Seventeen schizophrenic patients (nine who were drug naive and eight who had been drug free for at least 3 weeks) and 12 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Regional cerebral perfusion was studied with the use of a head-dedicated, high-resolution single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system. Cerebral SPECT scans were performed with technetium-99m-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime as a tracer. Regional CBF was measured as a ratio of regional tracer uptake to either cerebellar or whole brain tracer uptake.When the cerebellum was taken as the reference region, the drug-naive patients showed a significant bilateral reduction of perfusion in the mesial, dorsolateral, and basal prefrontal cortex, in the temporal cortex, and in the subcortical gray structures: thalamus, caudate nucleus, and putamen/pallidum complex. No significant differences emerged in the comparison between the drug-free patients and the healthy subjects. With correction for whole brain activity, some of the differences that had been found disappeared, but a significant hypoperfusion persisted in the basal ganglia and thalamus of the drug-naive, but not the drug-free, patients. Few correlations between symptom presentation and regional CBF perfusion were observed in the schizophrenic patients.These results suggest a pattern of cerebral hypoperfusion in schizophrenic patients never treated with neuroleptics that was not detectable in patients who had undergone various periods of pharmacological washout.
冠状动脉血管重建术 外科手术在临床和经济方面有效，支架的价效比似乎不理想
Authors: David, Taggart, 邱洪（译）, 高润霖（校）
Journal: BMJ (2007)

近期BMJ刊登了有关缺血性心脏病血管重建的3项研究。其中2项研究对比了孤立的左前降支病变支架置入术和外科手术血管重建的临床有效性。（见本期第336页）和成本效益。另一研究对比了多支血管病变药物治疗、支架术和外科手术的成本效益。这些研究提出的关键问题不仅是如何决定个体患者的治疗方案，而且还有怎样才能从有限的医疗服务资源中获取最大的效益。
Giving something back to authors
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2000)

For centuries scientific publishing has worked on a bizarre economic model: the real producers of the raw material, the researchers, have received no direct payment for their work. In return for publication they have received exposure, “findability” for their work (thanks to bibliographical databases provided by others), and the “imprimatur” of peer review. Since peer review is an imperfect process,1 exposure and findability are probably the more important benefits. For their part publishers have largely borne the costs of funding peer review systems and of providing the exposure and in return have controlled all the rights to their authors' work and taken all the cash. That has been as true of professional association publishers as it has been of commercial ones: the professional associations can argue that their surpluses have helped to support the work …
What investigations and procedures do patients in hospices want
Authors: R. Morgan, D. King, K. Stewart, M. Bacon, L. Bowker, V. O' Donnell, A. Mitchell, C. Daniels, C. Gannon, C. Meystre, N. M J Burley, S. Ahmedzai
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Many climate change scientists do not agree that global warming is happeningEditor-The apocalyptic tone that Smith adopted in relation to the environment bears little relation to reality. 1 In his editorial Smith asserts, "virtually all scientists agree that global warming is happening."Global warming is now joining the list of "what everyone knows."Whether most scientists outside climatology believe that global warming is happening is less relevant than whether the climatologists do.A letter signed by over 50 leading members of the American Meteorological Society warned about the policies promoted by environmental pressure groups."The policy initiatives derive from highly uncertain scientific theories.They are based on the unsupported assumption that catastrophic global warming follows from the burning of fossil fuel and requires immediate action.We do not agree." 2 Those who have signed the letter represent the overwhelming majority of climate change scientists in the United States, of whom there are about 60.McMichael and Haines quote the 1995 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is widely believed to "prove" that climate change induced by humans has occurred. 3 The original draft document did not say this.What happened was that the policymakers' summary (which became the "take home message" for politicians) altered the conclusions of the scientists.This led Dr Frederick Seitz, former head of the United States National Academy of Sciences, to write, "In more than sixty years as a member of the American scientific community . . .I have never witnessed a more disturbing corruption of the peer-review process than the events that led to this IPCC report." 4 Policymaking should be guided by proved fact, not speculation.Most members of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change believe that current climate models do not accurately portray the atmosphereocean system.Measurements made by means of satellites show no global warming but a cooling of 0.13°C between 1979 and 1994. 5Furthermore, since the theory of global warming assumes maximum warming at the poles, why have average temperatures in the Arctic dropped by 0.88°C over the past 50 years? 5
Phase II trial of gemcitabine/carboplatin (GC) followed by paclitaxel (P) in patients with performance status = 2,3 or other significant co-morbidity (HIV infection or s/p organ transplantation) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: B. B. Bridges, L. Thomas, P. Hausner, L. A. Doyle, M. Bedor, R. Smith, J. Brahmer, M. J. Edelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7661 Introduction: The role of chemotherapy (Rx) in patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC and poor performance status (PPS) defined as PS = 2 or 3 is unclear. While survival appears to be enhanced, serious toxicity may occur. In addition, no treatment options have been defined for the growing population of pts with HIV infection or post organ transplantation. Based on a prior study (Cancer 2001;92:146–152), we evaluated the efficacy of sequential, dose attenuated GC followed by P in patients with PS=2,3, HIV infection or s/p solid organ transplantation. Patients and Methods: Rx naive patients with PPS and adequate organ function received G: 1,000 mg/m 2 d 1,8 C: AUC=5 d 1 q 21d × 2 followed by P 80 mg/m 2 q wk × 6 followed by a 2 wk break and then repeated until progression. Results: 47 of a projected 47 pts have been enrolled. Stage IIIb/IV: 8/39, PS 2/3= 26/19, HIV infection=2, solid organ transplantation=2. 12 (25%) had brain metastases. Thirty-nine pts completed two cycles of GC and 29 pts received at least one cycle of P. Overall response rate:19% (95% CI 1.2%-31.7%). Median survival: 5.8 mo. One year survival: 8.4%. Median event free survival: 3.3 months. Toxicity rates for GC: Grade (gr) 3 neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia = 29.8%, 14.9%, 23.4% respectively, gr 4 neutropenia=19% and 10.6% had gr 4 thrombocytopenia. There were 2 gr 1 bleeding episodes, two pts received platelets and 8 pts received red cells. 8.5% had gr 3 fatigue and 10.6% had gr 3 febrile neutropenia, 4.3% had grade 3 nausea, vomiting. Gr 4 nonhematologic toxicities: Thromboembolism = 1 pt (2.1%), Fever = 1 (2.1%). Toxicity rates for P phase: 2.1% had gr 3 neutropenia and anemia. 4.3% had gr 3 neuropathy. There was 1 episode of gr 4 hemoptysis. Two patients received red cells. Conclusions: 1) Sequential GC to P is well tolerated and active in this population. 2) Survival is comparable to that of other regimens utilized in PS = 2 pts with superior tolerability. 3) The prognosis for these pts is very poor even with Rx.4. This is the first trial to prospectively evaluate Rx for pts with HIV disease or organ transplantation and NSCLC. Supported by Bristol Myers Squibb. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Media attack
Authors: Stephen Westaby, Nicholas Archer, Neil Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

We are concerned that publishing non-risk stratified cardiac surgical mortality statistics may have adverse effects on surgical teams, bereaved parents, and people with children to be treated at targeted centres.1 We support data collection to maintain clinical standards, but hospital episode statistics are unreliable for measuring mortality and unsuitable for comparison between centres.

Half of units will be below the mean in rankings for surgical mortality. The lay press often interprets “below average” as inadequate or incompetent. Non-risk stratified death rates collected by the UK congenital cardiac audit database (CCAD) were recently published. These are difficult to understand for the lay reader. The Scottish press castigated the centre in Glasgow, whose overall survival rate was 95.9% (UK average 96.7%).2 Comments included:


•“Death rates for children's heart operations are significantly higher than the rest of the UK” (untrue)


•“This is totally unacceptable and I am very concerned . . . The hospital might be happy with its figures but I am not.” (Quote from chairperson of Scottish Patients' Association.)



Local television covered the attack, and confidence in a thoroughly reputable unit was lost. The CCAD and Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery criticised the media's actions, but the damage was done. The press interpret data to present a sensational headline.

What was achieved by public reporting? Talented, hard working, and dedicated healthcare professionals were inappropriately forced to defend their practice. Prospective patients and relatives were filled with unnecessary anxiety. Cardiac surgery is the only specialty under such intense public scrutiny in the UK, and the risk of unjust condemnation constitutes a third and unwelcome party in the consulting room.
Abstract 3851: Independent Regulation of Calcium Sensitivity in the Mouse Heart by Myofilament Acetylation and Protein Kinase A-Induced Phosphorylation
Authors: Stephen H Smith, Mahesh P Gupta, Sanjeev G Shroff
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Protein kinase A (PKA)-induced cardiac myofilament phosphorylation is known to decrease Ca2+ sensitivity of force production. Recently we have shown that increased myofilament acetylation, induced ...
Evaluation of the Association between Maternal Smoking, Childhood Obesity, and Metabolic Disorders: A National Toxicology Program Workshop Review
Authors: Mamta Behl, Deepa Rao, Kjersti Aagaard, Terry L. Davidson, Edward D. Levin, Theodore A. Slotkin, Supriya Srinivasan, David Wallinga, Morris F. White, Vickie R. Walker, Kristina A. Thayer, Alison C. Holloway
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

An emerging literature suggests that environmental chemicals may play a role in the development of childhood obesity and metabolic disorders, especially when exposure occurs early in life.Here we assess the association between these health outcomes and exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy as part of a broader effort to develop a research agenda to better understand the role of environmental chemicals as potential risk factors for obesity and metabolic disorders.PubMed was searched up to 8 March 2012 for epidemiological and experimental animal studies related to maternal smoking or nicotine exposure during pregnancy and childhood obesity or metabolic disorders at any age. A total of 101 studies-83 in humans and 18 in animals-were identified as the primary literature.Current epidemiological data support a positive association between maternal smoking and increased risk of obesity or overweight in offspring. The data strongly suggest a causal relation, although the possibility that the association is attributable to unmeasured residual confounding cannot be completely ruled out. This conclusion is supported by findings from laboratory animals exposed to nicotine during development. The existing literature on human exposures does not support an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and type 1 diabetes in offspring. Too few human studies have assessed outcomes related to type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome to reach conclusions based on patterns of findings. There may be a number of mechanistic pathways important for the development of aberrant metabolic outcomes following perinatal exposure to cigarette smoke, which remain largely unexplored.From a toxicological perspective, the linkages between maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood overweight/obesity provide proof-of-concept of how early-life exposure to an environmental toxicant can be a risk factor for childhood obesity.
Cognitive-behavioral treatment of depressed inpatients: six- and twelve- month follow-up
Authors: I W Miller, W H Norman, G I Keitner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The authors report 6- and 12-month follow-up data for 45 depressed inpatients who were randomly assigned to either standard treatment (hospital milieu therapy, pharmacotherapy, clinical management sessions), cognitive therapy plus standard treatment, or social skills training plus standard treatment. All treatments began in the hospital and continued for 4 months after discharge on an outpatient basis. Significantly higher proportions of the patients who received additional cognitive-behavioral treatment (cognitive therapy or social skills) had responded by the end of the formal treatment period and did not relapse for the remainder of the 1-year follow-up period.
Neoadjuvant dose-dense docetaxel, carboplatinum, and trastuzumab (ddTCH) chemotherapy for HER2 overexpressing breast cancer
Authors: S. Bayraktar, U. D. Bayraktar, I. M. Reis, M. Pegram, C. Welsh, O. Silva, D. Franchesci, C. R. Gomez, J. Hurley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e11557 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer was shown to improve the complete pathologic (pCR) and clinical response (cCR) as well as the disease free survival (DFS). Docetaxel, cisplatin, and trastuzumab given every 21 days in her2-positive breast cancer demonstrated a pCR rate of 23%. The concept of dose dense chemotherapy regimens has attracted much attention and we hypothesized that dose-dense regimen would further improve pCR, cCR and would maintain the safety profile while being a suitable regimen for outpatient administration. Methods: 48 patients with stage II/III HER2-positive breast cancer were prospectively enrolled on a clinical trial of a neoadjuvant regimen consisting of docetaxel 70 mg/m 2 on days 1, 15, 29, and 43; carboplatinum at an AUC of 6 on days 1, 15, 29, and 43; trastuzumab 4 mg/kg on day 1 and 2 mg/kg weekly x 10 starting on day 8; peg-filgastrim 6 mg on days 2, 16, 30, and 44. Results: The median age was 50 years (range 30–78). 52% of patients were premenopausal, 63% and 22% were of Hispanic and African descent, respectively. Estrogen receptor was positive in 52% patients and median tumor size was 5 cm at the time of diagnosis. TNM stage distribution at presentation: T1 2%, T2 25%, T3 57%, T4 16%; N0 29%, N1 46%, N2 16%, N3 7%; M0 100%. pCR in breast; axilla; and both breast and axilla was observed in 19 of 44 patients (43.2%; 95% CI 28.3% - 59.0%); in 29 of 44 patients (65.9%; 95% CI 50.1% - 79.5%); and in 16 of 44 patients (36.4%; 95% CI 22.4% - 52.2%), respectively. No grade 4 or 5 toxicity occurred. The most frequent grade 3 toxicities were hand-foot syndrome (7%), neutropenia (4%), nausea/vomiting (2%), and bone pain (2%). Grade 2 cardiotoxicity was seen in 8% of patients and no grade 3 cardiotoxicity was observed. Conclusions: This neoadjuvant regimen was well tolerated and yielded a good pCR rate for this high risk group of patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN POLIOMYELITIS: A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ITS RECOGNITION AND CONTROL
Authors: W F GURNEY, R GURNEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1951)

Article1 January 1951RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN POLIOMYELITIS: A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ITS RECOGNITION AND CONTROLWALTER F. STAFFORD JR., M.D., RAMSDELL GURNEY, M.D., F.A.C.P.WALTER F. STAFFORD JR., M.D., RAMSDELL GURNEY, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-34-1-203 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe difficulty in recognizing the imminence of respiratory failure and other pulmonary complications in poliomyelitis results in a shockingly high mortality rate in this disease. When pharyngeal and respiratory muscles are involved, the mortality figures vary from 50 to 100 per cent.1 If patients can be tided over these often fatal respiratory crises, many will eventually recover sufficient respiratory and other muscle function to carry on a useful life; consequently, it is essential to anticipate and treat these emergencies.Although unfamiliarity with and fear of respirators may be important contributing factors to the high mortality rate in bulbocervical poliomyelitis, an...Bibliography1. Authors' material (50 per cent—12 cases) and personal communication (100 per cent—10 cases). Google Scholar2. Poliomyelitis. Papers and discussion presented at the First International Poliomyelitis Conference, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1949, p. 131. Google Scholar3. Swank RL: Respiratory impairment and pulmonary complications in paralyzed states, Ann. Int. Med. 32: 229-242, 1950. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Cohen ME: Quoted in Swank, R. L., and Smedal, M. I.: Pulmonary atelectasis in stuporous states; a study of its incidence and mechanisms in sodium amytal narcosis, Am. J. Med. 5: 210, 1948. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Buffalo, New York*Received for publication June 12, 1950.From the Departments of Neurology and Medicine, University of Buffalo School of Medicine and the Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1951Volume 34, Issue 1Page: 203-211KeywordsDeath ratesHospital medicineMuscle functionsMusclesNeurologyPoliomyelitisPulmonary diseasesRespiratorsRespiratory failureVentilators ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1951 PDF downloadLoading ...
Reversed neurovegetative symptoms of depression: a community study of Ontario
Authors: R D Levitan, A Lesage, S V Parikh, P Goering, S H Kennedy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Most research on depression with reversed neurovegetative features (hypersomnia, hyperphagia, and weight gain) has been based on site-specific clinic-based samples. The goal of this study was to delineate the epidemiology of reversed symptoms in a large community sample and to use other symptom patterns for comparison.Interviewers assessed 8,116 subjects across Ontario, aged 15-64 years, by using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Individuals who met the DSM-III-R criteria for major depression, current or lifetime, were classified into four groups on the basis of lifetime neurovegetative symptoms: episodes of typical symptoms only, episodes of reversed symptoms only, neither type, or both types (fluctuating-symptom group). The groups were compared on demographic characteristics, comorbidity, disability, and health care utilization.Of the 653 individuals with lifetime major depression, 11.3% had episodes of reversed symptoms only, and another 5.8% were classified as fluctuating. Most of the differences among the four groups were due to the unique characteristics of the groups with neither type of episode or a fluctuating pattern; individuals who had experienced only reversed symptoms were remarkably similar to those who had had only typical symptoms. The fluctuating-symptom group had high rates of comorbidity, substance abuse, and health care utilization.Several popular beliefs about depression with reversed features did not hold true for this community sample. Identifying individuals who fluctuate between reversed and typical episodes may be important in studies of major depression, in particular when reversed neurovegetative symptoms are a consideration.
Foods : Their Origin, Composition and Manufacture.
Authors: William Tibbles
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 11374: Reproducibility of Contrast-Enhanced Calf Perfusion MRI Measures in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Ronny S Jiji, Amy M West, Frederick H Epstein, Patrick F Antkowiak, Craig H Meyer, Arthur Weltman, Joseph M DiMaria, Jennifer R Hunter, John M Christopher, Christopher M Kramer
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background:  Contrast-enhanced (CE) calf perfusion MRI at peak exercise (Ex) distinguishes normal subjects from peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. Perfusion at rest can now be measured by CE-MRI. It is unclear whether measuring Ex perfusion or Ex/rest perfusion reserve (PR) is more reproducible and whether signal normalization is additive.   Methods:  CE-MRI of the calf was performed in 16 age-matched healthy controls (CL) and 7 patients with PAD (ABI 0.67±0.14) before and after plantar-flexion symptom-limited Ex on an MR-compatible pedal. A 2nd MRI was performed for 11 CL and 6 PAD patients on a separate day. CE-MRI was performed on a 3T Siemens Trio scanner with infusion of 0.1mM/kg of gadolinium-DTPA followed by a 20 mL saline flush at 4 mL/s. A spoiled gradient echo dual contrast sequence with slices positioned 32 mm apart allowed for simultaneous acquisition of arterial input and muscle tissue function images. The slope of the time-intensity curves generated using ARGUS image analysis software (Siemens) for the arterial input and the muscle group with the highest signal intensity gave the arterial input function (AIF) and tissue function (TF). Perfusion Index (PI) is TF/AIF. PR is Ex TF/rest TF. AIF and TF measurements were normalized to proton density for 7 CL and 6 PAD.   Results:  Mean age was similar for CL and PAD (59±9 vs 60±11). Ex time in PAD was lower than CL (311±372 vs 802±450 seconds, p   Conclusions:  Overall, CE-MRI indices of calf perfusion, especially tissue function and perfusion index, are more reproducible with exercise than at rest, primarily due to low rest values in PAD patients. Thus, perfusion reserve is not a useful measure in PAD.