tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microcirculation of left atrial muscle, cerebral cortex and mesentery of the cat. A comparative analysis.
Authors: B LChang, TYamakawa, JNuccio, RPace, R JBing
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

By means of transillumination (microtransilluminator and light pipe), comparative analyses were carried out on geometry, topography, and morphometry of microcirculation in the cerebral cortex, left atrial muscle, and mesentery of the cat using computer analysis. In addition, specific types of capillary distribution (concurrent, countercurrent, and asymmetric distribution) in these three organs were ascertained from images visualized on films. These parameters were related to their role in tissue oxygen supply. It was found that mean capillary diameter, mean intercapillary distance, total capillary length, and total capillary surface area differed significantly among the three organs. Differences in mean capillary tortuosity between cerebral and left atrial muscle and between left atrial muscle and mesentery also were significant. Mean capillary tortuosity in mesentery and cerebral cortex was of equal magnitude. In the cerebral cortex, a high degree of tortuosity and asymmetric capillary distribution favor...
Constrictor and dilator responses to intracoronary acetylcholine in adjacent segments of the same coronary artery in patients with coronary artery disease. Endothelial function revisited.
Authors: Hel-Tamimi, MMansour, T JWargovich, J AHill, R AKerensky, C RConti, C JPepine
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDIn patients with angiographically detectable atherosclerosis or in those with risk factors for coronary artery disease, intracoronary acetylcholine causes coronary constriction instead of endothelium-derived relaxing factor-mediated dilation. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that diffuse endothelial dysfunction precedes development of coronary atherosclerosis. We tested this hypothesis in a systematic investigation of the effects of ascending doses of acetylcholine on the diameters of nonstenotic segments of the left coronary artery in patients with advanced atherosclerosis and coronary risk factors.METHODS AND RESULTSEffects of intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine (10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/L) on diameters of proximal, middle, and distal nonstenotic segments of the left coronary artery were studied in 28 consecutive patients with chronic stable angina, positive exercise tests, and angiographic evidence of obstructive atherosclerosis (> or = 50% reduction in lumen diameter in at least one vesse...
Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period in the dog. 13. Correlation of activation and refractory maps.
Authors: W BGough, RMehra, MRestivo, R HZeiler, Nel-Sherif
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Isochronal maps of ventricular activation were analyzed in dogs 3-5 days after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery utilizing a 64-channel multiplexer. Isochronal maps of the effective refractory period were determined from 62 epicardial sites and correlated with the activation maps. The ischemia occurring in the surviving epicardial layer prolonged refractoriness in a spatially nonuniform manner. The resulting pattern of refractoriness on the epicardial surface resembled concentric rings of isorefractoriness which increased in duration from the normal zone to the center of the ischemic zone. The formation of an arc of functional unidirectional conduction block occurred along the gradient of refractoriness and the exact location of the arc depended on the S1-S2 interval. When a short S1-S2 failed to induce reentry, fewer adjacent sites with sufficiently disparate refractoriness formed a smaller arc of block. A subsequent S3 encountered further nonuniformly shortened refractoriness (nor...
Digital health interventions in palliative care: a systematic meta-review
Authors: Anne M. Finucane, Hannah O’Donnell, Jean Lugton, Tilly Gibson-Watt, Connie Swenson, Claudia Pagliari
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2021)

Abstract Digital health interventions (DHIs) have the potential to improve the accessibility and effectiveness of palliative care but heterogeneity amongst existing systematic reviews presents a challenge for evidence synthesis. This meta-review applied a structured search of ten databases from 2006 to 2020, revealing 21 relevant systematic reviews, encompassing 332 publications. Interventions delivered via videoconferencing (17%), electronic healthcare records (16%) and phone (13%) were most frequently described in studies within reviews. DHIs were typically used in palliative care for education (20%), symptom management (15%), decision-making (13%), information provision or management (13%) and communication (9%). Across all reviews, mostly positive impacts were reported on education, information sharing, decision-making, communication and costs. Impacts on quality of life and physical and psychological symptoms were inconclusive. Applying AMSTAR 2 criteria, most reviews were judged as low quality as they lacked a protocol or did not consider risk of bias, so findings need to be interpreted with caution.
Impairment of the myocardial ultrastructure and changes of the cytoskeleton in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: JSchaper, RFroede, SHein, ABuck, HHashizume, BSpeiser, AFriedl, NBleese
Journal: Circulation (1991)

This study was designed to determine the morphological correlate of chronic heart failure. Myocardial tissue from eight patients undergoing transplantation surgery because of end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy was investigated by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against elements of the cytoskeleton: desmin, tubulin, vinculin, and vimentin. The tissue showed hypertrophy, atrophy of myocytes, and an increased amount of fibrosis. Ultrastructural changes consisted of enlargement and varying shape of nuclei, numerous very small mitochondria, proliferation of T tubules, and accumulation of lipid droplets and glycogen. The most obvious ultrastructural alteration was the decrease of myofilaments, ranging from rarefication to complete absence of sarcomeres in cells filled with unspecified cytoplasm. Immunocytochemistry showed that desmin was localized at the Z lines. In diseased myocardium, the amount of desmin was increased, but it was disorderly arranged. Tubulin formed a fin...
Deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity: a reappraisal.
Authors: S MPrescott, GTikoff
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the upper extremity is an unusual thrombotic event (1-2% of all DVT) which can be conveniently divided into two categories, traumatic (including stress) and spontaneous. The spontaneous form is not reported as often in the literature, but occurs more commonly than the traumatic form. There is an increased left-sided predominance in spontaneous DVT compared with the traumatic form, where a right-sided predominance exists. Possible anatomical and physiological explanations are offered for the left-sided predominance in spontaneous DVT of the upper extremity. The thrombogenesis of DVT of the upper extremity is compared with DVT of the lower extremity. An analysis of responses to therapy and considerations for other therapeutic approaches are offered.
Treatment of hypertension and its effect on cardiovascular risk factors: data from the Framingham Heart Study.
Authors: SShea, E FCook, W BKannel, LGoldman
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Analysis of the Framingham Heart Study experience between 1958 and 1970 showed a progressive increase in the rate of treatment and control of hypertension. With cross-sectional criteria to define diastolic hypertension, the treatment rate rose from 35% in 1958 through 1960 to 69% in 1968 through 1970 (p less than .001), and the treatment rate for sustained hypertension rose from 55% in 1958 through 1960 to 85% in 1968 through 1970 (p less than .001). Treated hypertensive subjects had higher pretreatment values of blood pressure but not of other cardiovascular risk factors than untreated hypertensive subjects. Treatment was more successful in controlling hypertension in later years (p less than .001), but in all years treatment reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure without causing significant changes in mean serum cholesterol or glucose levels. In treated hypertensive subjects, the 8 year predicted risk of coronary heart disease declined by 2.3 events per 100 people compared with that in untreated ...
Steady state aldosterone dose-response relationships.
Authors: D BYoung, A CGuyton
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

The steady state effects of different infusion rates of aldosterone on plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium, plasma renin activity, sodium space, and mean arterial pressure were determined. Measured amounts of aldosterone were infused continuously into adrenalectomized dogs for 13 weeks. Four rates of aldosterone administration were used: 16 +/- 1 mug/day, 48 +/- 3 mug/day (approximately the normal secretory rate for 22-kg dogs on a daily sodium intake of 27 mEq, potassium intake of 27 mEq), 91 +/- 4 mug/day, and 219 +/- 10 mug/day. Each rate of infusion was continued until the dogs were in sodium and potassium balance and measured variables were steady. Decreasing the rate of aldosterone administration below normal led to sharp decreases in plasma sodium concentration and sodium space, while raising the rate above normal had little effect. Plasma potassium concentration varied inversely and significantly with changes in aldosterone administration over the entire range of rates. Plasma renin acti...
Results of routine preoperative coronary angiography in tetralogy of Fallot.
Authors: K EFellows, M DFreed, J FKeane, RPraagh, W FBernhard, A CCastaneda
Journal: Circulation (1975)

In the surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot, morvidity and mortality are increased by certain coronary anomalies, in particular, an anterior descending branch originating from the right coronary artery or a single coronary artery in which a large coronary branch runs across the pulmonary outflow tract. In series of 94 patients with tetralogy of Fallot who underwent cardiac catheterization, coronary artery visualization was attempted routinely, most often by flush aortography using a venous catheter. Diagnostic coronary visualization was obtained in 84 patients (89%). In these, the incidence of recognized coronary anomalies was 5%; anterior decending from the right coronary artery in four patients (4%), and singly left coronary in one patient (1%). In 195 autopsied cases of tetralogy, the incidence of coronary anomalies was also 5%. Routine preoperative demonstration of the coronary artery anatomy in tetralogy patients usually can be accomplished satisfactorily and conveniently by transvenous flush aorto...
Magnitude of dilatation of large and small coronary arteries of nitroglycerin.
Authors: R LFeldman, C JPepine, C RConti
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Vasodilatory responses of segments of large epicardial left coronary artery (CA), small intramyocardial CAs (0.3-1.0 mm), coronary stenoses and CAs filled by collaterals were determined in 34 patients. Measurements were made before and after nitroglycerin (0.4 mg, sublingual) by means of quantitative magnification coronary angiography using photospot film and a calibrated 6-power viewing device. The left main CA, proximal, middle and distal anterior descending and circumflex segments, and small CAs showed dilatation that varied in magnitude. When magnitude of dilatation was compared with control diameter of the vessel and its location, control diameter proved to be the significant independent variable. CAs with the smallest control diameter showed the greatest magnitude of vasodilatation. CA branches filled by collaterals had vasodilatation similar in magnitude to that of CAs of comparable control diameter. Although coronary stenoses dilated, the magnitude of dilatation was less than that observed in nons...
Not Your Everyday Jaundice; EUS Makes It Simple
Authors: T Pavic, D Kralj, D Hrabar, A Demirovic, I Lerotic
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Diagnostic and therapeutic features of endoscopic ultrasound make it an essential tool for any interventional unit. In times of global pandemic getting the most from as few endoscopic procedures as possible becomes of utmost importance, not only for our patients, but for all endoscopy staff. The versatility, accuracy, and safety of EUS, both in image and tissue acquisition, helped us resolve the diagnostic dilemma in a jaundiced patient in an elegant manner with minimal patient discomfort.
Gas exchange after pulmonary thromboemoblization in dogs.
Authors: D RDantzker, P DWagner, V WTornabene, N PAlazraki, J BWest
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

Gas exchange following experimental pulmonary thromboembolization was studied with an inert gas elimination technique in 17 dogs. Pulmonary arterial, systemic arterial, and expired gas concentrations of six gases infused intravenously were measured before embolization and 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after embolization. Distributions of ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) ratios were derived from the measured concentrations. In all dogs, embolization caused an increase in blood flow and ventilation to VA/Q ratios less than 1. There were no lung units with VA/Q ratios between 10 and 100 before embolization, but, in two-thirds of the dogs, such regions developed after embolization. Ventilation to unperfused lung showed a transient increase of 2-6%. Radioisotope studies of lobes removed post-mortem indicated that thromboemboli rarely caused complete abolition of lobar blood flow. Pulmonary embolization did not cause arteriovenous shunts to appear. The hypoxemia caused by embolization could be accounted for by...
Diagnosing familial hypercholesterolaemia in childhood.
Authors: A D Postle, D Sheppard, I M Hilton, D C Sigger s
Journal: BMJ (1977)

time to devote to the prevention of disease and promotion of health.There is a pressing need to separate the functions of the non-medical administrator from that which is essentially community medicine.Our success should be seen not in the efficiency of the medical treatment services but in the improved health of the population we serve.
Efficacy of S‐1 plus docetaxel in the treatment of metastatic extramammary Paget’s disease: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: S. Matsushita, K. Fujii, I. Kajihara, M. Aoki, K. Yamamura, K. Tada, T. Kanekura, J. Aoi, S. Fukushima
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)
Sympathetic stimulation-evoked overflow of norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y from the heart.
Authors: M RWarner, P DSenanayake, C MFerrario, M NLevy
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and norepinephrine are released together on sympathetic activation. To compare the time courses of NPY and norepinephrine washout from cardiac tissues, we measured the overflow of NPY-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) and norepinephrine in coronary sinus blood before, during, and after 3-minute trains of ansae subclaviae stimulation in 13 anesthetized dogs. We also measured vagally induced cardiac cycle length responses before and after ansae stimulation. Ansae stimulation increased NPY-LI and norepinephrine overflow from the heart in a frequency-dependent manner (p less than 0.02). After stimulation of the ansae at 5 and 10 Hz, the peak norepinephrine overflows decayed by 90% within 2 minutes, but the NPY-LI overflows required 17 +/- 11 and 35 +/- 21 minutes, respectively, to decay by 90%. Cardiac vagal effects were inhibited after 5- and 10-Hz ansae stimulations, and the peak inhibitions decayed by 90% after 19 +/- 7 and 39 +/- 16 minutes, respectively. The 90% decay times of the NPY-L...
Progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction. Potential mechanisms and early predictors.
Authors: PGaudron, CEilles, IKugler, GErtl
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDLeft ventricular enlargement and the development of chronic heart failure are potent predictors of survival in patients after myocardial infarction. Prospective studies relating progressive ventricular enlargement in individual patients to global and regional cardiac dysfunction and the onset of late chronic heart failure are not available. It was the aim of this study to define the relation between left ventricular dilatation and global and regional cardiac dysfunction and to identify early predictors of enlargement and chronic heart failure in patients after myocardial infarction.METHODS AND RESULTSLeft ventricular volumes, regional area shrinkage fraction in 18 predefined sectors (gated single photon emission computed tomography), global ejection fraction, and hemodynamics at rest and during exercise (supine bicycle, 50 W, 4 minutes, Swan-Ganz catheter) were assessed prospectively 4 days, 4 weeks, 6 months, and 1.5 and 3 years after first myocardial infarction. Seventy patients were assigned ...
Assessment of postreperfusion myocardial hemorrhage using proton NMR imaging at 1.5 T.
Authors: C SLotan, ABouchard, G BCranney, S PBishop, G MPohost
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDIntramyocardial hemorrhage occurs frequently after reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction. However, its significance has not yet been established, mainly because of the lack of methods for detecting such hemorrhage. The following ex vivo study was carried out to assess the potential of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging to detect and quantitate postreperfusion intramyocardial hemorrhage.METHODS AND RESULTSSixteen adult mongrel dogs underwent 3 hours of coronary occlusion followed by 1 hour of reperfusion, and three dogs underwent 4 hours of occlusion without reperfusion. Radiolabeled microspheres and 51Cr-labeled red blood cells were used to assess flow and evaluate the extent of hemorrhage. These results were later compared with both NMR and histology. Spin-echo NMR imaging was performed on the excised hearts using a 1.5-T system. Macroscopic assessment of the sliced myocardium revealed the existence of hemorrhage in 14 of the 16 dogs that underwent reperfusion but in none of those wi...
Growth-dependent alterations of intracellular Ca(2+)-handling mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle cells. PDGF negatively regulates functional expression of voltage-dependent, IP3-mediated, and CA(2+)-induced Ca2+ release channels.
Authors: MMasuo, TToyo-oka, W SShin, TSugimoto
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

To examine the alterations of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i)-handling mechanisms in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of rat aorta (Shin et al Circ Res 1991;69:551-556), we stimulated VSMCs by extracellular high K+, caffeine, and angiotensin II and evaluated Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release, and inositol trisphosphate-dependent Ca2+ release from internal stores. Percentage of VSMCs responding to each stimulant (responder ratio) and degree of [Ca2+]i increase in the responding cells were analyzed by a two-dimensional fura-2 imaging system. The responder ratios to the three stimulants were high (70-90%) in the quiescent phase (days 1-2), although some cells selectively responded to one or two of the stimulants. Responder ratios prominently decreased to approximately 20% in the proliferating phase (days 2.5-3). In the subconfluent (days 3.5-4) and postconfluent (days 5-6) phases, the responder ratio to high K+ and angiotensin II recovered to the same ...
192TiP Radiological morphological (MF) and radiomic features (RF) of brain metastases in oncogene-addicted advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: Diagnostic implications and prognostic role (BRAIN Lung study)
Authors: S.E. Rebuzzi, L. Barletta, E. Rosso, M. Maddalo, A. Signori, F. Catalano, M. Grassi, M. Tagliamento, G. Rossi, M.G. Dal Bello, G. Mazzaschi, E. Barabino, A. Fedeli, M. Doni, M. Tiseo, C. Genova
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Thyroxine-induced hypertrophy of the rabbit heart. Effect on regional oxygen extraction, flow, and oxygen consumption.
Authors: KTalafih, K LBriden, H RWeiss
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

The effects of the administration of 0.5 or 1 mg/kg of 1-thyroxine for 3 or 16 days were studied in 55 New Zealand white rabbits. Heart size was 29% above control after 16 days of 1-thyroxine, despite lower body weights. In an anesthetized open-chest animal, regional microspectro-photometric observations of small arteries and veins to determine oxygen extraction were combined with regional blood flow measurements using radioactive microspheres to determine regional oxygen consumption by the Fick principle. Vascular flow reserves were studied through measurement of blood flow after the administration of chromonar HCl, 10 mg/kg. Myocardial oxygen consumption was, respectively, 2.4 and 3.8 times control after 3 and 16 days of 1-thyroxine. This was accompanied by significant increases in both coronary blood flow and oxygen extraction. In control, oxygen extraction and consumption were higher in the subendocardial region compared to the subepicardial area. No significant regional differences were found in flow...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Related Colorectal Cancer: When Do We Need To Optimize Surveillance?
Authors: A Panarese, R Armentano, S Coletta, O Burattini, R de la Cruz, N Labarile
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Inﬂammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC): they are responsible for approximately 2 % of the annual mortality from CRC overall and of the 10–15 % of the annual deaths in IBD patients. However, there has been a decline in this incidence over the past 30 years, thank to CRC-surveillance programs. Identify patients’ risk factors is important to optimize surveillance. In this study we aimed to evaluate the risk factors of dysplasia and describe the prevalence of IBD related endoscopically dysplasia from a cohort of patients with longstanding disease in endoscopic/histological remission followed in a tertiary referral centre of South Italy.
The Adventures of Roderick Random
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> In the context of recent emphasis on developing trauma care systems globally, a Pan-India trauma care system is getting ready. Given the well known regional disparities in health systems in India, evaluation of its parts (states) becomes important if the sum of the parts (the Nation) needs to develop a system in an equitable way. Trauma System Maturity Index (TSMI) and other guidelines by WHO, along with Geographical Information System (GIS) provides an opportunity for such evaluation and evidence based policy making. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross sectional analytical study was done to grade trauma care system maturity of 10 representative states in India. Four major components of trauma system were assessed, including pre-hospital care, education and training, facility based trauma care and quality assurance; using a structured schedule prepared in line with WHO TSMI and 7 major guidelines for trauma care by WHO. In addition to this, GIS based analyses were done to assess the geographical distribution of trauma care facilities. The GIS data was analysed using ArcGIS version 9.1 and data for TSMI analysed using SPSS version 17.0. <h3>Results</h3> While most of the state trauma care systems were graded level 2 for prehospital care and quality assurance, almost all systems graded 1 for facility based trauma care. Host of variables within the components were analysed and critical areas were identified where in small initiatives would evolve the trauma system to next level of maturity grading. GIS based analyses showed that even with in the states the access to trauma care services is alarmingly inequitable. Better grade in TSMI translated as better outcome in terms of trauma related mortality. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The trauma care systems in different states are in diverse phases of evolution and their TSMI grade reflects their system performance. Study also projects successful examples which can be adapted by other states and countries with similar policy environment.