tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MADRID
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bill to regulate some OTC drugs fails
Authors: M. Annexton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A bill slated to keep certain drugs under the pharmacist's jurisdiction, even after their status is changed from prescription to over-the-counter (OTC) by the Food and Drug Administration, was recently defeated in the California legislature. Senate Bill 1045, passed by the Senate but stopped in the Health Committee of the Assembly, was introduced at the request of the California Pharmacists Association by Senator John Garamendi of the 13th District. It provided that "whenever a prescription drug is authorized to be sold without a prescription by the federal government or any federal agency, such drug shall be sold in this state only by a pharmacist for a period of one year and would require such pharmacist to continue giving any information relating to harmful effects of the drug. The bill would require the Board of Pharmacy to make a determination, effective for three years, as to whether such drug should be
Emergency oesophagectomy
Authors: W. F. Kerr
Journal: Thorax (1968)

In the treatment of instrumental perforation of the obstructed thoracic oesophagus, relief of obstruction is one of the prerequisites of success. In some cases it is better to resect both the perforation and the original lesion rather than to rely on repair and drainage. The salient features of 19 cases of emergency oesophagectomy collected from the literature have been tabulated, and three new examples are here reported. The results are encouraging. The operation usually performed for malignant cases is a one-stage oesophagogastrectomy with oesophagogastrostomy; a two-stage procedure is recommended for benign lower-end strictures. The lacerated oesophagus and the stricture are resected at the emergency operation, and the fundus of the stomach, advanced into the chest, is anastomosed to the oesophagus. The whole of the stomach is thereby preserved for the elective reconstruction which constitutes the second stage.
First randomized trial on adjuvant mitotane in adrenocortical carcinoma patients: The Adjuvo study.
Authors: Alfredo Berruti, Martin Fassnacht, Rossella Libè, Andrè Lacroix, Darko Kastelan, Harm Haak, Weibke Arlt, Bénédict Decoudier, Hélène Lasolle, Irina Bancos, Markus Quinkler, Maria Candida Barisson Villares Fragoso, Letizia Canu, Soraya Puglisi, Isabelle Bourdeau, Eric Baudin, Paola Berchialla, Felix Beuschlein, Jerome Bertherat, Massimo Terzolo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

1 Background: The ESE-ENSAT guidelines on ACC management suggest adjuvant mitotane for patients at high risk of recurrence. This indication has limited evidence base, lacking results from randomized controlled trials. No suggestion for or against adjuvant mitotane in low-risk patients was given, since studies did not stratify patients for prognosis. The randomized controlled study ADIUVO compared the efficacy of adjuvant mitotane treatment vs. observation in prolonging recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients at low-intermediate risk of recurrence. Methods: The main inclusion criteria were: stage I-III ACC, R0 surgery, and Ki-67 ≤10%. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to adjuvant mitotane or observation. The primary endpoint of the study was RFS. Patients who refused randomization were eligible for the ADIUVO OBSERVATIONAL study. In this prospective, observational study, patients were managed as in ADIUVO except for randomization. A total of 91 patients were enrolled in ADIUVO, 45 in the mitotane and 46 in the observation arm. Baseline characteristics of patients were perfectly matched between the 2 arms: median age, 51 vs. 50.5 years; female, 73% vs. 67%; stage I, 20% vs. 26%; stage II, 67% vs. 63%, stage III, 13% vs. 11%; ACC secretion 44% vs. 36%; Weiss 5 vs. 5; respectively. In ADIUVO OBSERVATIONAL, 42 patients were treated with mitotane and 53 were untreated. Baseline characteristics of patients were matched between the 2 groups and with mitotane and observation groups in ADIUVO. Thus, the ADIUVO OBSERVATIONAL cohort was analyzed in parallel to deal with the lower than expected recruitment in ADIUVO. Results: In the ADIUVO study, recurrences were 8 in the MIT and 11 in the OBS arm, while deaths were 2 and 5, respectively. RFS and overall survival (OS) did not significantly differ between the 2 arms. In the OBS arm, the HR for recurrence was 1.321 (95%CI, 0.55-3.32, p = 0.54) and HR for death 2.171 (95%CI, 0.52-12.12, p = 0.29). The survival analysis in the ADIUVO OBSERVATIONAL study confirmed that of ADIUVO. Given the outcome of both studies, the NNT is 55. Conclusions: ACC patients at low-intermediate risk of recurrence after surgery are a minority; however, they show a far better prognosis than expected (5-yr RFS is 75%) and do not benefit significantly from adjuvant mitotane. The results of the ADIUVO study do not support routine use of adjuvant mitotane in this subset of patients, who may thus avoid a potentially toxic treatment. This is an important step toward personalization of ACC care. Clinical trial information: NCT00777244.
In vitro degradation, photo-dynamic and thermal antibacterial activities of Cu-bearing chlorophyllin-induced Ca–P coating on magnesium alloy AZ31
Authors: Zhen-Yu Zhang, Yan-Lin An, Xiao-Shi Wang, Lan-Yue Cui, Shuo-Qi Li, Cheng-Bao Liu, Yu-Hong Zou, Fen Zhang, Rong-Chang Zeng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

Surgical failures, caused by postoperative infections of bone implants, are commonly met, which cannot be treated precisely with intravenous antibiotics. Photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have attracted widespread attention due to their non-invasive antibacterial effects on tissues and no bacterial resistance, which may be an excellent approach to solve infections related to bone implants for biodegradable magnesium alloys. Herein, a sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) with a porphyrin ring induced Ca-P coating was prepared on AZ31 magnesium alloy via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. The morphology and composition of the samples were characterized through field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) with affiliated energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) as well. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and hydrogen evolution experiments were employed to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the samples. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure Cu elemental content of different immersion periods. Cytocompatibility and antibacterial performance of the coatings were probed using in vitro cytotoxicity tests (MTT assay), live/dead cell staining and plate counting method. The results showed that the obtained (Ca-P/SCC)10 coating exhibited good corrosion resistance, antimicrobial activity (especially under 808 nm irradiation) and biocompatibility. The antibacterial rates for E. coli and S. aureus were 99.9% and 99.8%, respectively; and the photothermal conversion efficiency was as high as 42.1%. Triple antibacterial mechanisms including photodynamic, photothermal reactions and copper-ions release were proposed. This coating exhibited a promising application for biodegradable magnesium alloys.
A microRNA-based classifier for identification of neuroendocrine differentiation in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Sharanjot Saini, Divya Bhagirath, Nikhil Patel, Ashok Sharma, Tae Jin Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

149 Background: Therapy-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an extremely aggressive variant of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that is increasing in incidence with the widespread use of second generation of androgen receptor (AR)-pathway inhibitors (APIs) such as enzalutamide (ENZ) and abiraterone. This aggressive variant arises from CRPC-Adenocarcinomas (CRPC-Adeno) via a reversible trans-differentiation process, referred to as neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) wherein cells undergo a lineage switch and exhibit neuroendocrine (NE) features, characterized by expression of neuronal markers such as enolase 2 (ENO2), chromogranin A (CHGA) and synaptophysin (SYP). Currently, histopathological assessment combined with immunohistochemical detection in PCa tissues/serum levels of neuronal markers including SYP, NSE, CHGA and CD56 is currently used to monitor NED in CRPC patients. However, these markers are not sufficiently specific, highlighting the urgent need of novel molecular markers to assess emergence of NED in CRPC patients. Recently, we demonstrated that progression of advanced CRPC with adenocarcinoma characteristics to CRPC-NE is associated with a characteristic set of miRNA alterations that promote plasticity of advanced PCa to NEPC (Bhagirath et al., Oncogene, 2020). Importantly, we could develop a ‘novel miRNA classifier’ to robustly stratify CRPC-NE tumors from CRPC-Adenocarcinomas. Here we further validate the classifier in independent clinical cohorts and deduce the optimal miRNA genes required for NEPC diagnosis. Methods: Human clinical samples with corresponding clinical information were procured from two independent sites of Prostate Cancer Biorepository Network (PCBN). FFPE sections from clinical samples were microdissected, RNA were extracted and small RNA sequencing was performed using an Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. Sequencing data were analyzed and machine learning algorithms were applied. The performance of classifier was measured using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with area under the curve (AUC) as the primary evaluation metric. Results: Unsupervised analysis of sequencing data by principal component analyses (PCA) revealed distinct clustering of the CRPC-NE tumors from CRPC-Adenocarcinomas based on miRNA profiles suggesting that miRNA profiles can be used to stratify these tumor types. We applied the ‘43-miRNA classifier data’ we deduced earlier to these validation cohorts. Our analyses showed that a set of 5 miRNAs of the classifier are important in distinguishing between CRPC-Adeno vs CRPC-NE with an AUC=0.8318. Conclusions: A ‘5- miRNA’ classifier was validated to be of significance in two independent validation cohorts. We propose this miRNA classifier as an important tool for diagnosing NED in CRPC patients.
Different performance of three point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection devices in symptomatic patients and close asymptomatic contacts: a real-life study
Authors: Pilar Escribano, Ana-Erika Sánchez-Pulido, José González-Leiva, Iván Valero-López, Pilar Catalán, Patricia Muñoz, Jesús Guinea, Iván Adán, Javier Adán, Luis Alcalá, Roberto Alonso, Ana Álvarez-Uría, Emilio Bouza, Pilar Catalán, Pilar Escribano, Agustín Estévez, Rocío Fernández-Del Rey, Alicia Galar, Darío García de Viedma, Pedro González, Ana Gómez-Núñez, Jesús Guinea, Marta Herranz, Marta Kestler, Marina Machado, Mercedes Marín, Patricia Muñoz, María Olmedo, Javier Ortiz, María Palomo, María Jesús Pérez-Granda, Laura Pérez, Cristina Rincón, Sara Rodríguez, Belén Rodríguez, María Jesús Ruiz-Serrano, Maricela Valerio, Maite Vidán, Ana María Alonso Blanco, Elena Coca Escribano, Susana Blázquez Andrés, María Sonsoles Sastre Páez, Patricia Vega López, Lorena Díez Vaquero, María Carmen Sandoval Montejo, Jannet Pinto Zurita, Estefanía Jiménez Otero, Carolina Cañón Cañón, Marisol Castro Romaní, David Villamañán Lobo, Susana Roca Sánchez, M. Estrella López Rodríguez, Raquel Jiménez Morillo, Sara Plaza Rivera, Natalia Zaragoza Vargas, José Alejandro Sánchez Sánchez, Cristina Sánchez Carrasco, Pedro Corral Martínez, Iván Valero López, Río Lourdes Ramos del, María Huertas Uhagón, Peña Martín Francisco María de la, Ángela Bibiana Cañas Zuluaga, Laura Heras Martín, Ana Isabel García García, Ainhoa Sevilla Aguerre, Ana Belén López Alonso, Luis Alberto Sánchez Sánchez, Miriam Cánovas Martínez, Rut Roy Zafra, Aitor García Ramos
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2022)
Abstract 176: Effects of the Presence of Emergency Medical Service Physician on Neurologically Intact Survival After an Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Population-Based Observational Study
Authors: Akira Funada, Yoshikazu Goto, Hayato Tada, Masaya Shimojima, Hirofumi Okada, Masa-aki Kawashiri
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Previous observational studies have suggested that prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) physician-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with improved survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) when compared with paramedic-guided CPR. Hypothesis: EMS physician-guided CPR for OHCA is associated with improved 1-month neurologically intact survival compared with paramedic-guided CPR, from the 2010 guideline updates onward. Methods: The study included 613,251 Japanese adults (aged ≥18 years) from a prospectively recorded nationwide Utstein-style database who had OHCA between 2011 and 2015. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the presence of a physician during CPR before hospital arrival: EMS physician- (n=19,551, 3.2%) and paramedic-guided CPR groups (n=593,700, 96.8%). The study end-points were 1-month and neurologically intact survivals, defined as Cerebral Performance Category scores of 1 or 2 (CPC 1-2). Results: Proportions of crude 1-month survival and CPC 1-2 in the EMS physician-guided CPR group were significantly higher than those in paramedic-guided CPR group: 10.9% (2138/19,551) vs. 4.8% (28,448/593,700) for 1-month survival and 5.7% (1114/19,551) vs. 2.5% (14,859/593,700) for 1-month CPC 1-2, both p-values &lt;0.0001. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that EMS physician-guided CPR was associated with increased adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for 1-month favorable outcomes: 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61-1.79 for 1-month survival; and 1.51; 95% CI, 1.46-1.62 for 1-month CPC 1-2. In the propensity-matched cohort, EMS physician-guided CPR also showed more favorable outcomes 1 month after OHCA than did paramedic-guided CPR: 11.6% (1931/16,612) vs. 7.9% (1310/16,612) for 1-month survival and 6.0% (996/16,612) vs. 4.6% (766/16,612) for 1-month CPC 1-2, both p-values &lt;0.0001 (aOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.55-1.82 for survival; and 1.45; 95% CI, 1.30-1.62 for CPC 1-2. Conclusions: This large-scale registry-based study in Japan shows that EMS physician-guided CPR in OHCA before hospital arrival is associated with improved 1-month neurologically intact survival compared with paramedic-guided CPR.
Special Article
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Liver posters 410-441
Authors: S Parry, J Barton, M Welfare, I Mohammed, L Cherkas, S Riley, T Spector, N Trudgill, S Lal, J Mclaughlin, G Giampaolo, G Dockray, A Varro, D Thompson, J Jones, D Kendall, P Millns, C Hawkey, S Dunlop, D Jenkins, R Spiller, L Gregory, L Yaguez, S Coen, E Amaro, S Smale, A Hobson, S Williams, Q Aziz, V Chudleigh, E Brennan, S Tarry, S Myers, S Lewis, G Smith, K Palmer, Z Khan, E Simpson, A Cole, I Macdonald, D Pye, A Austin, J Freeman
Journal: Gut (2002)

Introduction: Previous studies, many uncontrolled, suggest 4 to 32% of people develop irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after ID.Little information is available on the development of other FGIDs after ID.Aim: To determine if patients with stool culture confirmed bacterial diarrhoea were more likely to develop gut symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of IBS, functional dyspepsia or functional diarrhoea at 3 and 6 month follow up compared with community controls.Methods: A prospective community-based case-control study over one year.Subjects with stool positive bacterial infectious diarrhoea and control subjects from the same primary care practice were invited to participate.The presence or not of IBS, functional dyspepsia or functional diarrhoea was diagnosed at the start and at follow up using self-complete Rome II modular questionnaires.The diagnosis of a baseline FGID excluded subjects from continuing.There were 128 cases and 219 community controls eligible and who consented to participate.Results: At follow up there was a higher incidence of FGIDs in the cases compared with controls, mainly due to a higher incidence of IBS (see table ).There was no difference in the incidence of functional dyspepsia between cases and controls.Conclusions: IBS and functional diarrhoea is diagnosed more frequently in people at three and six-month follow up after an episode of stool positive bacterial diarrhoea compared with community controls despite careful exclusion of people with pre-existing FGIDS and adds further support for the concept of post-infectious IBS.
Undescended Testicle
Authors: J. H. Powell
Journal: BMJ (1965)

JBoiUA 169 signs of any abnormality in the central nervous system.The blood-pressure was known to have been within normal limits previously.The patient was put to bed and sedated, but it was later found that she could not be roused; when seen again by her doctor two hours after the first examination she was comatose, with a blood-pressure of 170/100 mm.Hg; the patient was sent to hospital, but died very shortly after admission.Post-mortem examination showed a haemor- rhage in the left cerebral hemisphere disrupting the internal capsule and adjacent areas of the left corpus striatum.No other abnormality was found-in particular, no intracranial aneurysms -and no evidence of long-standing hypertension.-We are, etc.,
The End of Dreams
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Traction-assisted circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, followed by metal stent insertion and fixation with a dedicated clip
Authors: Shahila Perveen Aslam, Mohamed Abdelrahim, Hein Htet, Katie Siggens, Patrick Goggin, Pradeep Bhandari
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can be curatively resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), with R0 resection rates of up to 93.9 % for early lesions [1]. It has significantly lower recurrence rates compared with piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection [2]. ESD offers similar cure rates for early SCC to those achieved with surgery, but with significantly lower morbidity than esophagectomy [3]. However, ESD can be extremely technically challenging in patients with circumferential esophageal lesions, which often results in such patients being referred preferentially for surgery. Circumferential ESD is also associated with an almost 100 % risk of stricture formation [4]. This video aims to illustrate techniques by which endoscopists can overcome both these challenges.
York County Hospital
Authors: W. D. Husband
Journal: BMJ (1857)

tion~at Shoulder-Joint: Death from Subcutaneous lllortification, from severe Bruise of Hip.Mark Robinson, a guard on the North Eastern Railway, was looking out for his own train on a foggy evening (Dec.21st, 1854), when another train, pro- ceeding in a contrary direction, came suddenly upon him, threw him down, and then passed over him.He was found to be seriously injured, and was carried to the hospital; there I saw him within half an hour after the accident.The patient, a stout muscular man, in vigorous health, had sustained very extensive injury of the arm, which was exten- sively lacerated from the shoulder to the wrist-joint.The humerus was so fractured, or rather smashed, that only the head and condyles seemed to have escaped injury.Blood had been flowing freely fromn several wounds communicating with the fiactured bone, and was only now restrained, as no tourni- quet could be applied by direct pressure over the bleeding orifices.The bones of the lower am were also broken in several places, and the soft parts lacerated.The man com- plained of somie pain in the hip, but had walked alone the station to a fly, and up the steps of the hospital without any difficulty.As no other alternative remained, I proceeded at once to re- move the injured limb at the shoulder-joint.No chloroform was administered, at the request of the patient, who sat up- right in a chair, and bore the operation with great fortitude.An attempt was made to compress the subelavian artery; but, as I agree entirely with Mr. Fergusson that the compression of the artery may be effected in an experiment on a willing sub- ject, but can never be depended upon in the actual operation, where the pressure may be so easily removed, I relied on the ready aid of our then intelligent and efficient house-surgeon, Mr. T. C. Paley, to grasp the axillary artery as soon as it was divided in forming the inner flap.The biceps muscle was transfixed