tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global Prevalence of Meeting Screen Time Guidelines Among Children 5 Years and Younger
Authors: Brae Anne McArthur, Valeriya Volkova, Suzy Tomopoulos, Sheri Madigan
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Pediatric guidelines suggest that infants younger than 2 years avoid screen time altogether, while children aged 2 to 5 years receive no more than 1 hour per day. Although these guidelines have been adopted around the world, substantial variability exists in adherence to the guidelines, and precise estimates are needed to inform public health and policy initiatives. <h3>Objective</h3> To derive the pooled prevalence via meta-analytic methods of children younger than 2 years and children aged 2 to 5 years who are meeting guidelines about screen time. <h3>Data Sources</h3> Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase up to March 2020. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Studies were included if participants were 5 years and younger and the prevalence of meeting (or exceeding) screen time guidelines was reported. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Data extraction followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two independent reviewers extracted all relevant data. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to derive the mean prevalence rates. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Prevalence of meeting screen time guidelines. <h3>Results</h3> From 63 studies, 95 nonoverlapping samples with a total of 89 163 participants were included. For children younger than 2 years, the pooled prevalence of meeting the screen time guideline (0 h/d) was 24.7% (95% CI, 19.0%-31.5%). Moderator analyses revealed that prevalence of meeting screen time guidelines varied as a function of year of data collection (increased over time), measurement method (higher when questionnaires compared with interview), and type of device use (higher when a combination of screen use activities compared with television/movies only). For children aged 2 to 5 years, the mean prevalence of meeting the screen time guideline (1 h/d) was 35.6% (95% CI, 30.6%-40.9%). Moderator analyses revealed that the prevalence of meeting screen time guidelines varied as a function of type of device use (higher when screen time was television/movies only compared with a combination of screen use activities). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that only a minority of children 5 years and younger are meeting screen time guidelines. This highlights the need to provide support and resources to families to best fit evidence-based recommendations into their lives.
Propensity-Matched Comparison of the Ross Procedure and Prosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement in Adults
Authors: Ismail El-Hamamsy, Nana Toyoda, Shinobu Itagaki, Paul Stelzer, Robin Varghese, Elbert E. Williams, Natalia Egorova, David H. Adams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Address in Medicine
Authors: W. Broadbent
Journal: BMJ (1895)

mu rBURIVII 2A7 tion of disease of which the processes were not patent on the surface, was that some one of the four humours, the due balance of which constituted health, had obtained predominance and set up disturbance, general or local; this was concocted or elaborated by the animal heat, increased for the purpose, and qualified by admixture of other humours, and so brought into a condition in which it could be expelled and got rid of.Hippocrates, from this subordination of theory to observa- tion, from his careful study of the causation of disease not less than from the lofty sentiments and clear judgments con- tained in his writings, remains, and must ever remain, the model physician.During the 50 years which separated Galen from Hippo- crates the centre of gravity of the civilised world had shifted.Greece, shattered by conflict between its different States, had succumbed to Macedonia.Alexander had conquered Asia and then.died.On the ruins of his empire Rome had gradu- ally risen, and when Galen lived had extended her rule over Greece, Asia Minor, Egypt, and the southern littoral of the Mediterranean as well as over Gaul, Spain, and Britain.There had been time, however, for the development of a high degree of intellectual activity and literary culture under the Ptolemies in Egypt, and Alexandria had become a great centre of learning.Here marked advances were made in anatomy, dissection was practised on human bodies as well as on animals.Herophilus, between 305 and 280 B.C., left his name to the confluence of the sinuses of the dura mater ; Erasistratus, a contemporary, recognised in a crude way the motor and sensory functions of the nerves: Chrysermes, 240 B.C., wrote on the pulse, as does also Heraclides, 230 B.C.
From the NIH
Authors: Doris Brody
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Recent studies at Stanford (Calif) University suggest that three different genera of yeast either produce hormonelike substances or have receptors that bind human hormones. Since several of the types of yeast studied cause disease in humans, the researchers have been examining how the hormonal environment of the host may influence the pathogenesis of these diseases. David Feldman, MD, working with David Stevens, MD, of the Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, Calif, and Angela Restrepo, PhD, of the Corporacion De Investigaciones Biologicas, Medellin, Colombia, have found an estradiol-binding protein in the infectious yeast<i>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</i>. The presence of the protein probably explains the pattern of pathogenicity of this organism (<i>Infec Immun</i>1984;46:346-353;<i>Proc Nat Acad Sci USA</i>1983;80:7659-7663). Working with grant support from the NIH's National Institute of General Medical Sciences and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the researchers also have determined that the presence of
Questions and Answers
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GRANTS FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Authors: G. Elliston
Journal: BMJ (1907)

in the cholera epidemics of 1837 and 1857, and in one of typhoid fever in 1840-41.He was professor of pathology and afterwards of the hiatory of medicine in the UJniversity of Naples.Palasciano, who was born at Capua in 1816 and died at Naples in 189l, was Professor of Surgery and editor of the Archivia di Chirurg9ia Practica.Hewas a corresponding member of the Institute of France and a Senator of Italy.
Mandatory premarital HIV testing: the Illinois experience
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The June 16, 1989, issue of<i>JAMA</i>carried two important reports on premarital blood testing for AIDS: an analysis of 6 months' experience with mandatory testing in Illinois<sup>1</sup>and an editorial by the health commissioner of New York City.<sup>2</sup>In Illinois, only 8 (0.011%) seropositive individuals were identified out of 70 846 applicants for marriage licenses during January through June 1988 at an estimated cost of $2.5 million, or $312 500 per HIV-positive person. In New York City, mandatory premarital screening for HIV was rejected as an ineffective use of public resources. The point of this communication is to note that in the case of premarital blood testing there has never been a defensible basis for mandatory premarital testing for sexually transmitted diseases, which now include AIDS. In 1947 Nels A. Nelson, then director of the Bureau of Venereal Diseases, Baltimore City Health Department,<sup>3</sup>
Practice Expenses
Authors: I. M. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1964)

CorrespondcnceMEDICBALJOHNAL 879state with an acute abdomen and slight jaundice.She continued to go downhill in spite of resus- citation, and this is not surprising considering her haemoglobin was 19%.At operation I found bile-stained ascites and a dilated gall-bladder.There was no other abnormality except that she had Ascaris lumbricoides in the bowel.I drained the gall-bladlder and the peritoneal cavity.She was making very good progress when on the tenth day the sister in charge sent for me and demonstrated a live ascaris, waving its head in the fresh air, having emerged from the drainage hole from the gall-bladder.We got this worm out and the wound healed, but three weeks later she began to develop a high temperature.Eventually the skin became red and softened.I incised it and evacuated a dead ascaris from the underlying liver, after which, and with treatment for the worms, she made an uneventful recovery and was discharged.In this case the one ascaris had climbed up the cystic duct while another had gone up the common hepatic duct.-I am, etc.,
BELGIUM
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>A Prize in Therapeutics</h3> The Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium has accepted the gift offered by the Section des secours médicaux et pharmaceutiques of the National Committee, which functioned during the war. This gift, amounting to 20,000 francs principal, is to be used to establish a prize, awardable every five years, in the field of pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This amount is the sum left in the treasury after closing the services at the end of the war, and consists mainly of rebates on invoices of drug shipments. <h3>Cancer of the Colon</h3> After the important discussions of the French Congress of Surgery, the problem of neoplasms of the large intestine had ended in a general exchange of views. Dr. Sebrecht, in addressing the Genootschap voor Heelkunde en Gynaekologie, called attention to the main points in the line of treatment that he had adopted, some of which differ from the principles
BELGIUM
Authors: L. De Jace
Journal: BMJ (1905)

Professor Bombarda's opinion, in its very existence.It has never been possible to stop quackery, and legal persecutions only serve to surround the head of the "victim " with the halo of the martyr.Therefore, Professor Bombarda would pre- fer to throw the practice of the healing art freely open to all comers.He would, in fact, apply John Bright's favourite maxim, Caveat emptor, to medicine.It is for the public to look after itself in the matter.CONTRACT PRACTICE.Mutual help organizations are numerous and active in Lisbon, and to a much smaller extent at Oporto; elsewhere such associations are rare.In 1903 there were in all 590 friendly societies in Portugal.The existing societies, in Professor Bombarda's opinion, represent a very limited and very badly-thought-out system of mutual help.With very few exceptions the contributions are small and the assistance given is proportionately small.As a general rule help is given only in case of illness.The medical officers of the societies are very badly paid, and often have to fight against the oppressive regulations and high-handed ways of societies.In not a few cases the fees work out at an average of 2d. to 3d. per visit !The system of free medical assistance is largely developed in Portugal.In the first place, in Lisbon, the Subdelegates of Health are obliged to visit the indigent poor gratuitously.
Confidentiality.
Authors: R Gillon
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The principle of medical confidentiality is described as a venerable moral obligation of medical ethics. It has been defended by utilitarians and deontologists alike, not as a moral end in itself, but as a means to a desirable end such as the general welfare, respect for autonomy, or respect for privacy. Neither philosophers nor codes of medical ethics consider confidentiality to be an "absolute" principle. Great Britain's General Medical Council recognizes eight legitimate exceptions to the rule of confidentiality, among them patient consent, the "best interests" of the patient, statutory obligations, and medical research that has been approved by a "recognized ethical committee." Gillon discusses the ethical justifications for these various exceptions, rejecting appeals to medical paternalism or the benefits of medical research as general grounds for not soliciting patient consent.
Better outcomes from exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in males and in the young: findings from the Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Matilda Frisk Torell, Anneli Strömsöe, Johan Herlitz, Andreas Claesson, Araz Rawshani, Mats Borjesson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2022)

Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is higher if the arrest is witnessed and occurs during exercise, however, there is contradicting data on prognosis with regards to sex and age. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes and circumstances of exercise-related OHCA in different age groups and between sexes in a large unselected population.
Bilharzial arthropathy.
Authors: M Bassiouni, M Kamel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Psychotic symptoms occur in a majority of schizophrenia patients, and in approximately 50% of all Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Altered grey matter (GM) structure within several brain areas and networks may contribute to their pathogenesis. Little, however, is known about transdiagnostic similarities when psychotic symptoms occur in different disorders, such as schizophrenia and PD. <h3>Methods</h3> The present study investigated a large, multicenter sample containing 722 participants: 146 patients with first episode psychosis, FEP; 106 individuals at-risk mental state for developing psychosis, ARMS; 145 healthy controls matching FEP and ARMS, Con-Psy; 92 PD patients with psychotic symptoms, PDP; 145 PD patients without psychotic symptoms, PDN; 88 healthy controls matching PDN and PDP, Con-PD. We applied source-based morphometry in association with receiver operating curves (ROC) analyses to identify common GM structural covariance networks (SCN) and investigated their accuracy in identifying the different patient groups. We assessed group-specific homogeneity and variability across the different networks and potential associations with clinical symptoms. <h3>Results</h3> SCN-extracted GM values differed significantly between FEP and Con-Psy, PDP and Con-PD as well as PDN and Con-PD, indicating significant overall grey matter reductions in PD and early schizophrenia. ROC analyses showed that SCN-based classification algorithms allow good classification (AUC∼0.80) of FEP and Con-Psy, and fair performance (AUC∼0.72) when differentiating PDP from Con-PD. Importantly, best performance was found in partly overlapping networks including the precuneus. Finally, reduced GM volume in SCN with increased variability was linked to increased psychotic symptoms in both FEP and PDP. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Alterations within selected SCNs seem to be related to the presence of psychotic symptoms in both early schizophrenia and PD psychosis, indicating some commonality of underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, results provide first evidence that GM volume within specific SCNs may serve as a biomarker for identifying FEP and PDP.
Molecular residual disease (MRD) detection with a tissue comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP)-informed personalized monitoring assay: An exploratory analysis of the IMvigor-010 observation arm.
Authors: Amanda Young, Halla Nimeiri, Russell Madison, Alexander D. Fine, Daniel Zollinger, Ole Gjoerup, Vasily N. Aushev, Hsin-Ta Wu, Alexey Aleshin, Nicole N. Davarpanah, Zoe Assaf, Sanjeev Mariathasan, Geoffrey R. Oxnard, Elise Renkonen, Thomas Powles, Priti Hegde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

448 Background: There is compelling rationale that detection of MRD following curative therapy may identify patients at high risk of relapse requiring intensified adjuvant therapy. Combining MRD detection with CGP creates an opportunity to offer MRD-guided treatment with precision cancer therapeutics. Here we analyze the observation arm of the IMvigor-010 study to understand the genomics of resected early stage bladder cancer and to validate CGP-informed personalized MRD detection in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Methods: Using the resected tumor, tissue CGP was performed retrospectively with a 300+ gene assay, followed by MRD detection using FoundationOne Tracker (F1T). Briefly, coding, synonymous, and non-coding variants were selected from tumor tissue sequencing using an optimized algorithm that filters out non-tumor derived variants (germline, clonal hematopoiesis derived, sequencing artifacts). Tumor-informed personalized multiplex PCR-next generation sequencing (Natera) assay was designed and used to detect and quantify variant allelic frequency (VAF) in ctDNA from 182 patients. ctDNA levels were reported in mean tumor molecules per mL of plasma. F1T, a tissue-informed personalized monitoring assay, was performed on plasma samples collected at an MRD timepoint a median of 11 weeks post-surgery. Results: At the MRD timepoint, ctDNA was detected in 66/182 (36%). Focusing on the 66 ctDNA-positive patients, 58 had relapsed (88% PPV) at time of analysis. Median disease-free survival (DFS) from randomization was 3 months in ctDNA-positive vs not reached in ctDNA-negative population (HR = 5.7, 95% CI: 3.8-8.6, p &lt;.0001). Median overall survival (OS) was 13 months in ctDNA-positive vs not reached in ctDNA-negative (HR = 5.7, 95% CI: 3.4-9.7, p &lt;.0001). Potentially actionable CGP findings included FGFR2/3 short variants (SVs) and fusions (13%), ERBB2 SVs and amplifications (13%), PIK3CA SVs (20%), CDKN2A SVs and losses (41%) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) ≥10 mutations/Mb (35%). Conclusions: Tissue CGP-informed personalized MRD detection can detect low levels of residual ctDNA in patients with resected early stage bladder cancer, identifying a population with inferior DFS and OS. This technologic approach, synergizing regulatory-grade actionable CGP with ctDNA-based MRD detection, creates new opportunities for precision adjuvant therapy across a range of high-risk cancer types. Clinical trial information: NCT02450331.
DOMESTIC ABSTRACTS
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recurrent sarcoidosis.
Authors: D P Symmons, K L Woods
Journal: Thorax (1980)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Post-translational modifications of alpha-synuclein (aSyn), particularly phosphorylation at Serine 129 (Ser129-p) and truncation of its C-terminus (CTT), have been implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology. To gain more insight in the relevance of Ser129-p and CTT aSyn under physiological and pathological conditions, we investigated their subcellular distribution patterns in normal aged and PD brains using highly-selective antibodies in combination with 3D multicolor STED microscopy. We show that CTT aSyn localizes in mitochondria in PD patients and controls, whereas the organization of Ser129-p in a cytoplasmic network is strongly associated with pathology. Nigral Lewy bodies show an onion skin-like architecture, with a structured framework of Ser129-p aSyn and neurofilaments encapsulating CTT aSyn in their core, which displayed high content of proteins and lipids by label-free CARS microscopy. The subcellular phenotypes of antibody-labeled pathology identified in this study provide evidence for a crucial role of Ser129-p aSyn in Lewy body formation.
Grants for Scientific Research
Authors: F. Fowke
Journal: BMJ (1899)

Has added largely to our knowledge of the Lower Tertiary formations of the Isle of Wight and Dorset, the Pliocene deposits of Norfolk and the Nortli Downs <including the fauna anid flora of thie Cromer Forest Bed), and the Glacial Phenomena of Norfolk and Sussex.To aid his researchles lie has made a, special study of recent anid fossil seeds (a subject previously much neg- lected), whereby much light has been thrown