tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The “zipline” technique for double-balloon enteroscopy-assisted removal of a migrated stent in a peripheral bile duct
Authors: Tsuyoshi Hamada, Hirofumi Kogure, Ryunosuke Hakuta, Yousuke Nakai, Kazuhiko Koike
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Double-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (DBE-ERCP) facilitates management of pancreatobiliary disorders in cases with surgically altered anatomy [1] [2] [3]. However, owing to difficulties in positioning the biliary orifice and obtaining a suitable angulation of the bile duct and endoscope, it can be challenging to access a peripheral bile duct during DBE-ERCP. Here we present a case where a migrated stent in the bile duct at segment III (B3) was successfully removed using the previously reported technique ([Video 1]) [4].
転写因子GRIP1は骨髄細胞駆動神経炎症とIFN-β療法に対する応答に異なって影響する【JST・京大機械翻訳】
Authors: Mimouna Sanda, A Rollins David, Shibu Gayathri, Tharmalingam Bowranigan, K Deochand Dinesh, Chen Xi, Oliver David, Chinenov Yurii, Rogatsky Inez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)
Molecular analysis of the 2012 Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak
Authors: Christine E. Hulseberg, Raina Kumar, Nicholas Di Paola, Peter Larson, Elyse R. Nagle, Joshua Richardson, Jarod Hanson, Nadia Wauquier, Joseph N. Fair, Maria Makuwa, Prime Mulembakani, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Randal J. Schoepp, Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart, Gustavo F. Palacios, Jens H. Kuhn, Jeffrey R. Kugelman
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)

Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) is one of four ebolaviruses known to cause disease in humans. Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD) outbreaks occurred in 2007-2008 in Bundibugyo District, Uganda, and in 2012 in Isiro, Province Orientale, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The 2012 BVD outbreak resulted in 38 laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection, 13 of whom died. However, only 4 BDBV specimens from the 2012 outbreak have been sequenced. Here, we provide BDBV sequences from seven additional patients. Analysis of the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of the 2012 outbreak with these additional isolates challenges the current hypothesis that the outbreak was the result of a single spillover event. In addition, one patient record indicates that BDBV's initial emergence in Isiro occurred 50 days earlier than previously accepted. Collectively, this work demonstrates how retrospective sequencing can be used to elucidate outbreak origins and provide epidemiological contexts to a medically relevant pathogen.
The Diagnosis of Nervous Diseases.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1946)

When a book has reached its seventh edition in a period of twenty-five years, it admittedly must have merit. The present edition does not differ much from the last. It is slightly larger, because the whole work has been reset, and many illustrations have been added. It differs from the ordinary textbook in that the diagnosis of nervous diseases is emphasized, and it can be recommended to students and general practitioners.
Targeting iron metabolism in cancer therapy
Authors: Michael Morales, Xiang Xue
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Iron is a critical component of many cellular functions including DNA replication and repair, and it is essential for cell vitality.As an essential element, iron is critical for maintaining human health.However, excess iron can be highly toxic, resulting in oxidative DNA damage.Many studies have observed significant associations between iron and cancer, and the association appears to be more than just coincidental.The chief characteristic of cancers, hyper-proliferation, makes them even more dependent on iron than normal cells.Cancer therapeutics are becoming as diverse as the disease itself.Targeting iron metabolism in cancer cells is an emerging, formidable field of therapeutics.It is a strategy that is highly diverse with regard to specific targets and the various ways to reach them.This review will discuss the importance of iron metabolism in cancer and highlight the ways in which it is being explored as the medicine of tomorrow.
Uncertainty in Medicine—Reply
Authors: Daniel J. Morgan, Lisa Pineles, Deborah Korenstein
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Naresh Ambalala Patel
Authors: Rahul Kacker
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Naresh Ambalala Patel was born in Kenya. He moved to the UK with Minaxi (“Mina”)—his lifelong friend, ally, wife, partner, and ultimately carer, who was training to be a nurse—and came to Rotherham in 1982. He joined Glengarth Surgery on Doncaster Road as a junior partner. The practice also had a small surgery at Worrygoose Roundabout and another branch at Kimberworth. Patel spearheaded the practice direction, not only financially but also structurally, in 1988 when what is now …
Coexpression network architecture reveals the brain-wide and multiregional basis of disease susceptibility
Authors: Christopher L. Hartl, Gokul Ramaswami, William G. Pembroke, Sandrine Muller, Greta Pintacuda, Ashis Saha, Princy Parsana, Alexis Battle, Kasper Lage, Daniel H. Geschwind
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2021)
P-9 Prognostic role of preoperative inflammation parameters in predicting postoperative complications of colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: R. Melliti, A. Zribi, S. Ben Nasr, M. Ahmed, S. Fendri, M. Balti, N. Mansouri, S. Bizid, A. Haddauoi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Commensal bacteria and fungi differentially regulate tumor responses to radiation therapy
Authors: Stephen L. Shiao, Kathleen M. Kershaw, Jose J. Limon, Sungyong You, Junhee Yoon, Emily Y. Ko, Jlenia Guarnerio, Alka A. Potdar, Dermot P.B. McGovern, Shikha Bose, Tahir B. Dar, Paul Noe, Jung Lee, Yuzu Kubota, Viviana I. Maymi, Madison J. Davis, Regina M. Henson, Rachel Y. Choi, Wensha Yang, Jie Tang, Matthew Gargus, Alexander D. Prince, Zachary S. Zumsteg, David M. Underhill
Journal: Cancer Cell (2021)
Establishment and prospective validation of an SUV<sub>max</sub> cutoff value to discriminate clinically significant prostate cancer from benign prostate diseases in patients with suspected prostate cancer by <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA PET/CT: a real-world study
Authors: Jianhua Jiao, Fei Kang, Jingliang Zhang, Zhiyong Quan, Weihong Wen, Xiaohu Zhao, Shuaijun Ma, Peng Wu, Fa Yang, Wei Guo, Xiaojian Yang, Jianlin Yuan, Yongquan Shi, Jing Wang, Weijun Qin
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Background and Aims:The aims of this study were to establish a maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) cutoff to discriminate clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) from benign prostate disease (BPD) by 68 Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen ( 68 Ga-PSMA-11) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCa), and to perform a prospective real-world validation of this cutoff value.Methods: The study included a training cohort to identify an SUVmax cutoff value and a prospective real-world cohort to validate it.A retrospective analysis assessed 135 patients with suspected PCa in a large tertiary care hospital in China who underwent 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT.All patients were suspected of having PCa based on symptoms, digital rectal examination (DRE), total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) level, and multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).The 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT results were evaluated using histopathological results from transrectal ultrasound-guided 12-core biopsy with necessary targeted biopsy as references.Patients with Gleason scores (GS) ≥7 from the biopsy results were diagnosed with csPCa, and patients with negative biopsy and follow-up results were diagnosed with BPD.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the optimal SUVmax cutoff value.The cutoff value was prospectively validated in 58 patients with suspected PCa.The diagnostic benefits of the cutoff value for clinical decision making were also evaluated.Results: According to ROC curve analysis, the most appropriate SUVmax cutoff value for discriminating csPCa from BPD was 5.30 (sensitivity, 85.85%; specificity, 86.21%; area under the curve [AUC], 0.893).The cutoff achieved a sensitivity of 83.33%, a specificity of 81.25%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 92.11%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 65.00%, and an accuracy of 82.76% in the prospective validation cohort.Metastases were used as an indicator to reduce false negative results in patients with SUVmax ≤ 5.30.In patients without metastases, an SUVmax value of 5.30 was also the best cutoff to diagnose localized csPCa (sensitivity, 80.43%; specificity, 86.21%; AUC, 0.852).The cutoff discriminated localized csPCa from BPD with a sensitivity of Ivyspring International
MO3-2 Prognostic significance of metastatic sites in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Ari Nishimura, Tomoya Yokota, Yoshiyuki Iida, Tomoyuki Kamijo, Takashi Mukaigawa, Yusuke Onozawa, Akiko Todaka, Satoshi Hamauchi, Takeshi Kawakami, Hiromichi Shirasu, Tsuyoshi Onoe, Hirohumi Ogawa, Takanori Kawabata, Hirofumi Yasui, Tetsuro Onitsuka
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Non-continuous positive airway pressure treatment options in obstructive sleep apnoea: A pathophysiological perspective
Authors: Marcello Bosi, Serena Incerti Parenti, Antonio Sanna, Giuseppe Plazzi, Andrea De Vito, Giulio Alessandri-Bonetti
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2021)

The phenotyping of the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) lies at the core of tailored treatments and it is one of the most debated topics in sleep medicine research. Recent sophisticated techniques have broadened the horizon for gaining insight into the variability of the endotypic traits in patients with OSA which account for the heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of the disease and consequently, in the outcome of treatment. However, the implementation of these concepts into clinical practice is still a major challenge for both researchers and clinicians in order to develop tailored therapies targeted to specific endotypic traits that contribute to OSA in each individual patient. This review summarizes available scientific evidence in order to point out the links between endotypic traits (pharyngeal airway collapsibility, upper airway neuromuscular compensation, loop gain and arousal threshold) and the most common non-continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment options for OSA (mandibular advancement device, upper airway surgery, medication therapy, positional therapy) and to clarify to what extent endotypic traits could help to better predict the success of these therapies. A narrative guide is provided; current design limitations and future avenues of research are discussed, with clinical and research perspectives.
Transcription factor Zhx2 restricts NK cell maturation and suppresses their antitumor immunity
Authors: Siyu Tan, Xiaowei Guo, Mengzhen Li, Tixiao Wang, Zehua Wang, Chunyang Li, Zhuanchang Wu, Nailin Li, Lifen Gao, Xiaohong Liang, Chunhong Ma
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

The maturation and functional competence of natural killer (NK) cells is a tightly controlled process that relies on transcription factors (TFs). Here, we identify transcriptional repressor zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (Zhx2) as a novel regulator that restricts NK cell maturation and function. Mice with Zhx2 conditional deletion in NK cells (Zhx2Δ/Δ) showed accumulation of matured NK cells. Loss of Zhx2 enhanced NK cell survival and NK cell response to IL-15. Transcriptomic analysis revealed Zeb2, a key TF in NK cell terminal maturation, as a direct downstream target of Zhx2. Therapeutically, transfer of Zhx2-deficient NK cells resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in different murine models. Our findings collectively unmask a previously unrecognized role of Zhx2 as a novel negative regulator in NK cell maturation and highlight its therapeutic potential as a promising strategy to enhance NK cell–mediated tumor surveillance.
Triplanar ensemble U-Net model for white matter hyperintensities segmentation on MR images
Authors: Vaanathi Sundaresan, Giovanna Zamboni, Peter M. Rothwell, Mark Jenkinson, Ludovica Griffanti
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2021)

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) have been associated with various cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Reliable quantification of WMHs is essential for understanding their clinical impact in normal and pathological populations. Automated segmentation of WMHs is highly challenging due to heterogeneity in WMH characteristics between deep and periventricular white matter, presence of artefacts and differences in the pathology and demographics of populations. In this work, we propose an ensemble triplanar network that combines the predictions from three different planes of brain MR images to provide an accurate WMH segmentation. In the loss functions the network uses anatomical information regarding WMH spatial distribution in loss functions, to improve the efficiency of segmentation and to overcome the contrast variations between deep and periventricular WMHs. We evaluated our method on 5 datasets, of which 3 are part of a publicly available dataset (training data for MICCAI WMH Segmentation Challenge 2017 - MWSC 2017) consisting of subjects from three different cohorts, and we also submitted our method to MWSC 2017 to be evaluated on the unseen test datasets. On evaluating our method separately in deep and periventricular regions, we observed robust and comparable performance in both regions. Our method performed better than most of the existing methods, including FSL BIANCA, and on par with the top ranking deep learning methods of MWSC 2017.
Phase Separation of MAGI2-Mediated Complex Underlies Formation of Slit Diaphragm Complex in Glomerular Filtration Barrier
Authors: Haijiao Zhang, Lin Lin, Jianping Liu, Lifeng Pan, Zhijie Lin, Mingjie Zhang, Jiong Zhang, Ying Cao, Jinwei Zhu, Rongguang Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Slit diaphragm is a specialized adhesion junction between the opposing podocytes, establishing the final filtration barrier to urinary protein loss. At the cytoplasmic insertion site of each slit diaphragm there is an electron-dense and protein-rich cellular compartment that is essential for slit diaphragm integrity and signal transduction. Mutations in genes that encode components of this membrane-less compartment have been associated with glomerular diseases. However, the molecular mechanism governing formation of compartmentalized slit diaphragm assembly remains elusive.We systematically investigated the interactions between key components at slit diaphragm, such as MAGI2, Dendrin, and CD2AP, through a combination of biochemical, biophysical, and cell biologic approaches.We demonstrated that MAGI2, a unique MAGUK family scaffold protein at slit diaphragm, can autonomously undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. Multivalent interactions among the MAGI2-Dendrin-CD2AP complex drive the formation of the highly dense slit diaphragm condensates at physiologic conditions. The reconstituted slit diaphragm condensates can effectively recruit Nephrin. A nephrotic syndrome-associated mutation of MAGI2 interfered with formation of the slit diaphragm condensates, thus leading to impaired enrichment of Nephrin.Key components at slit diaphragm (e.g., MAGI2 and its complex) can spontaneously undergo phase separation. The reconstituted slit diaphragm condensates can be enriched in adhesion molecules and cytoskeletal adaptor proteins. Therefore, the electron-dense slit diaphragm assembly might form via phase separation of core components of the slit diaphragm in podocytes.
Abstract 13464: Electron Transport Chain Inhibition Induces Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Depolarization in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Mitochondrial Structure and Function Relationship in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Kimberly J Dunham-Snary, François Potus, Patricia D Lima, Jeffrey D Mewburn, Stephen L Archer
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Unlike normal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), the mitochondrial network of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) PASMC is fragmented and cells have altered metabolism, p...
Comparison Between 5-Azacytidine Treatment and Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation in Elderly Patients With Advanced MDS According to Donor Availability (VidazaAllo Study)
Authors: Nicolaus Kröger, Katja Sockel, Christine Wolschke, Wolfgang Bethge, Richard F. Schlenk, Dominik Wolf, Michael Stadler, Guido Kobbe, Gerald Wulf, Gesine Bug, Kerstin Schäfer-Eckart, Christof Scheid, Florian Nolte, Jan Krönke, Matthias Stelljes, Dietrich Beelen, Marion Heinzelmann, Detlef Haase, Hannes Buchner, Gabriele Bleckert, Aristoteles Giagounidis, Uwe Platzbecker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

In contrast to 5-azacytidine (5-aza), allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) represents a curative treatment strategy for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), but therapy-related mortality (TRM) limits its broader use in elderly patients with MDS. The present prospective multicenter study compared HSCT following 5-aza pretreatment with continuous 5-aza treatment in patients with higher-risk MDS age 55-70 years. One hundred ninety patients with a median age of 63 years were enrolled. Patients received 4-6 cycles of 5-aza followed by HLA-compatible HSCT after reduced-intensity conditioning or by continuous 5-aza if no donor was identified. Twenty-eight patients did not fulfill inclusion criteria (n = 20), died (n = 2) withdrew informed consent (n = 5), or were excluded for an unknown reason (n = 1). 5-aza induction started in 162 patients, but only 108 (67%) were eligible for subsequent allocation to HSCT (n = 81) or continuation of 5-aza (n = 27) because of disease progression (n = 26), death (n = 12), or other reasons (n = 16). Seven percent died during 5-aza before treatment allocation. The cumulative incidence of TRM after HSCT at 1 year was 19%. The event-free survival and overall survival after 5-aza pretreatment and treatment allocation at 3 years were 34% (95% CI, 22 to 47) and 50% (95% CI, 39 to 61) after allograft and 0% and 32% (95% CI, 14 to 52) after continuous 5-aza treatment (P < .0001 and P = .12), respectively. Fourteen patients progressing after continuous 5-aza received a salvage allograft from an alternative donor, and 43% were alive at last follow-up. In older patients with MDS, reduced-intensity conditioning HSCT resulted in a significantly improved event-free survival in comparison with continuous 5-aza therapy. Bridging with 5-aza to HSCT before is associated with a considerable rate of dropouts because of progression, mortality, and adverse events.
Postdiagnosis Smoking Cessation and Reduced Risk for Lung Cancer Progression and Mortality
Authors: Mahdi Sheikh, Anush Mukeriya, Oxana Shangina, Paul Brennan, David Zaridze
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and about one half of patients with lung cancer are active smokers at diagnosis. Objective: To determine whether quitting smoking after diagnosis of lung cancer affects the risk for disease progression and mortality. Design: Prospective study of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were recruited between 2007 and 2016 and followed annually through 2020. Setting: N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology and City Clinical Oncological Hospital No. 1, Moscow, Russia. Patients: 517 current smokers who were diagnosed with early-stage (IA-IIIA) NSCLC. Measurements: Probabilities of overall survival, progression-free survival, and lung cancer–specific mortality and hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cancer-specific mortality. Results: During an average of 7 years of follow-up, 327 (63.2%) deaths, 273 (52.8%) cancer-specific deaths, and 172 (33.7%) cases of tumor progression (local recurrence or metastasis) were recorded. The adjusted median overall survival time was 21.6 months higher among patients who had quit smoking than those who continued smoking (6.6 vs. 4.8 years, respectively; P = 0.001). Higher 5-year overall survival (60.6% vs. 48.6%; P = 0.001) and progression-free survival (54.4% vs. 43.8%; P = 0.004) were observed among patients who quit than those who continued smoking. After adjustments, smoking cessation remained associated with decreased risk for all-cause mortality (HR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.53 to 0.85]), cancer-specific mortality (HR, 0.75 [CI, 0.58 to 0.98]), and disease progression (HR, 0.70 [CI, 0.56 to 0.89]). Similar effects were observed among mild to moderate and heavy smokers and patients with earlier and later cancer stages. Limitation: Exposure measurements were based on self-reported questionnaires. Conclusion: Smoking cessation after diagnosis materially improved overall and progression-free survival among current smokers with early-stage lung cancer. Primary Funding Source: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Polygenic risk score and risk of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in caucasians and risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in African Americans
Authors: Geffen Kleinstern, J. Brice Weinberg, Sameer A. Parikh, Esteban Braggio, Sara J. Achenbach, Dennis P. Robinson, Aaron D. Norman, Kari G. Rabe, Nicholas J. Boddicker, Celine M. Vachon, Connie E. Lesnick, Timothy G. Call, Danielle M. Brander, Laura Z. Rassenti, Thomas J. Kipps, Janet E. Olson, James R. Cerhan, Neil E. Kay, Richard R. Furman, Curtis A. Hanson, Tait D. Shanafelt, Susan L. Slager
Journal: Leukemia (2021)

Abstract Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a precursor to CLL. Other than age, sex, and CLL family-history, little is known about factors associated with MBL risk. A polygenic-risk-score (PRS) of 41 CLL-susceptibility variants has been found to be associated with CLL risk among individuals of European-ancestry(EA). Here, we evaluate these variants, the PRS, and environmental factors for MBL risk. We also evaluate these variants and the CLL-PRS among African-American (AA) and EA-CLL cases and controls. Our study included 560 EA MBLs, 869 CLLs (696 EA/173 AA), and 2866 controls (2631 EA/235 AA). We used logistic regression, adjusting for age and sex, to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals within each race. We found significant associations with MBL risk among 21 of 41 variants and with the CLL-PRS (OR = 1.86, P = 1.9 × 10 −29 , c-statistic = 0.72). Little evidence of any association between MBL risk and environmental factors was observed. We observed significant associations of the CLL-PRS with EA-CLL risk (OR = 2.53, P = 4.0 × 10 −63 , c-statistic = 0.77) and AA-CLL risk (OR = 1.76, P = 5.1 × 10 −5 , c-statistic = 0.62). Inherited genetic factors and not environmental are associated with MBL risk. In particular, the CLL-PRS is a strong predictor for both risk of MBL and EA-CLL, but less so for AA-CLL supporting the need for further work in this population.