tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Time-efficient intervention to improve older adolescents’ cardiorespiratory fitness: findings from the ‘Burn 2 Learn’ cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: David R Lubans, Jordan J Smith, Narelle Eather, Angus A Leahy, Philip J Morgan, Chris Lonsdale, Ronald C Plotnikoff, Michael Nilsson, Sarah G Kennedy, Elizabeth G Holliday, Natasha Weaver, Michael Noetel, Tatsuya T Shigeta, Myrto F Mavilidi, Sarah R Valkenborghs, Prajwal Gyawali, Frederick R Walker, Sarah A Costigan, Charles H Hillman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important marker of current and future health status. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of a time-efficient school-based intervention on older adolescents’ CRF. Methods Two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial conducted in two cohorts (February 2018 to February 2019 and February 2019 to February 2020) in New South Wales, Australia. Participants (N=670, 44.6% women, 16.0±0.43 years) from 20 secondary schools: 10 schools (337 participants) were randomised to the Burn 2 Learn (B2L) intervention and 10 schools (333 participants) to the control. Teachers in schools allocated to the B2L intervention were provided with training, resources, and support to facilitate the delivery of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) activity breaks during curriculum time. Teachers and students in the control group continued their usual practice. The primary outcome was CRF (20 m multi-stage fitness test). Secondary outcomes were muscular fitness, physical activity, hair cortisol concentrations, mental health and cognitive function. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6 months (primary end-point) and 12 months. Effects were estimated using mixed models accounting for clustering. Results We observed a group-by-time effect for CRF (difference=4.1 laps, 95% CI 1.8 to 6.4) at the primary end-point (6 months), but not at 12 months. At 6 months, group-by-time effects were found for muscular fitness, steps during school hours and cortisol. Conclusions Implementing HIIT during curricular time improved adolescents’ CRF and several secondary outcomes. Our findings suggest B2L is unlikely to be an effective approach unless teachers embed sessions within the school day. Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618000293268).
Assessing Novel Therapies Based on Late-Stage Efficacy: A Dangerous Concept?
Authors: Per E. Lønning
Journal: Trends in cancer (2020)

Traditionally, the efficacy of novel cancer therapies has been confirmed in patients failing regular treatment before being tested in early disease. Improved understanding of the mechanisms guiding therapeutic efficacy may challenge this dogma, suggesting novel therapies to move into early evaluation based on biological rationales without late-stage efficacy evaluation.
Заводской врач Иван Клочков
Authors: M.P. Chaban, Z.I. Shevtsova, V.V. Gaponov
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

В статье представлен жизненный и профессиональный путь врача Ивана Терентьевича Клочкова. Особое место отведено истории создания рабочей медицины, оказанию медицинской помощи работникам Александровского Южно-Российского завода Брянского акционерного общества заводскими врачами.
On the Relative Value of an Assay Versus That of a Test: A History of Troponin for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Robert L. Jesse
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Clinical, pathological, and demographic factors associated with development of recurrences after surgical resection in elderly patients with neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: C. Shen, A. Dasari, Y. Chu, D.M. Halperin, S. Zhou, Y. Xu, Y.T. Shih, J.C. Yao
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)

Ann Oncol 2017; 28(6): 1582–1589 (doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdx164) The following funding information has been added: “This work was supported in part by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA016672.” Clinical, pathological, and demographic factors associated with development of recurrences after surgical resection in elderly patients with neuroendocrine tumorsAnnals of OncologyVol. 28Issue 7PreviewIncidence of locoregional neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is rising. However, after curative resection, the patterns and risk factors associated with recurrence remain unknown. Consensus guidelines recommend surveillance every 6–12 months for up to 10 years after surgery for resected, well-differentiated NETs irrespective of patient demographics, site, grade or stage of tumor with few exceptions. Full-Text PDF Open Archive
Cancer burden, finance, and health-care systems
Authors: James M Wells
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2020)

why SpaceOAR is so rapidly gaining popularity.It also remains unknown if oncological outcomes are affected in some patients by placement of this device.Such conclusions would require much larger studies, with substantially long-term follow up.In this context, urologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists should pause to consider the routine use of SpaceOAR.Is such a device truly helpful?Is the potential for a relatively small (and questionably real) improvement in physician-reported and patient-reported toxicity events worth even the very small chance of a catastrophic toxicity?Do we really understand the implications of this device across all categories of prostate cancer risk and fractionation schedules?Reflection on the part of all genitourinary oncologists is needed to consider these events.Prostate cancer is highly curable with both surgery and radiotherapy and, even without SpaceOAR, is associated with an exceedingly low rate of adverse events requiring intervention.Critical reflection and careful consideration of the need, toxicity, and benefits of SpaceOAR are appropriate before the device is recommended for routine care.In summary, genitourinary oncologists need to carefully review and consider the validity of the current data supporting the use of SpaceOAR before routinely using this device.Moreover, individuals who select patients for SpaceOAR implantation should be vigilant at reporting toxicity to MAUDE to ensure that the oncology community is aware of these events.Additional research into patients who might particularly benefit from SpaceOAR, or patients at high risk for toxicity from SpaceOAR, is needed.
Gatekeepers of the fetus: Characterization of placental macrophages
Authors: Christina Megli, Carolyn B. Coyne
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

In this issue of JEM, Thomas et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20200891) provide elegant technological and conceptual advances that further our understanding of the immune cells enriched at the maternal–fetal interface. Using new isolation strategies to better separate maternal- and fetal-derived cells, the authors identify previously undefined maternal-derived immune cells associated with the fetal-derived placenta and provide an in-depth analysis of the markers and characteristics of placental Hofbauer cells.
Implementation of Cardio-Oncology Training for Cardiology Fellows
Authors: Mirela Tuzovic, Sherry-Ann Brown, Eric H. Yang, Brian H. West, Nikhil S. Bassi, Sandy Park, Avirup Guha, Arjun K. Ghosh, Sarju Ganatra, Salim S. Hayek, Javid Moslehi, Eiman Jahangir
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2020)

Author(s): Tuzovic, Mirela; Brown, Sherry-Ann; Yang, Eric H; West, Brian H; Bassi, Nikhil S; Park, Sandy; Guha, Avirup; Ghosh, Arjun K; Ganatra, Sarju; Hayek, Salim S; Moslehi, Javid; Jahangir, Eiman
FRI0268 REMISSION IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: IS THERE A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NSAIDS AND BIOLOGICS IN THE REAL LIFE?
Authors: C. Baert, C. Mouafo Toukam, T. Sokolova, A. Nzeusseu Toukap
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2020)

Background: Randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) done in axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) patients have shown that remission in AxSpA and nonradiographic axial SpA patients treated without biologics (BIOL) occurs infrequently (Ref 1, 2). Few are known about remission rate (RR) in daily clinical practice. Objectives: Our aim was to assess the remission rate (RR) in AxSpA patients in Real life, and to compare the RR in AxSpA patients on NSAIDs to RR for those on Biologics (TNFα blockers or IL-17A blockers). Methods: This cross-sectional study reviewed clinical data from a single center (St-Luc university hospitals, UCLouvain, Brussels) from 01/2013 to 03/2019. Last visit available for clinical assessment was evaluated. Disease activity was measured using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), and the Ankylosing Spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS) using the C-reactive protein. Remission was defined as BASDAI &lt; 4 and ASDAS &lt; 1.3. Results: Data from 551 AxSpA patients were reviewed. 353 were men (64.3%). In the entire cohort, 478 BASDAI and 317 ASDAS were recorded. The RR according to the BASDAI was 46.7% (n = 223), and 17.3% for the ASDAS (n = 55). To look for the treatment-related RR, we stratified by the treatment (NSAIDs vs Biologics). We had 285 patients on NSAIDs (177 men, 62.5%) and 266 on BIOL (176 men, 66%). 245 BASDAI were available for NSAIDs and 233 for BIOL. 110 patients on NSAIDs (44.9%) and 113 on BIOL (48.5%) were in remission for BASDAI. Regarding ASDAS (table below), data from 172 patients on NSAIDs and 144 on BIOL were available. Out of them, 27 (15.7%) and 28 (19.4%) were in remission for NSAIDs and BIOL respectively. Chi-square test: p = 0.853. Table. Distribution of ASDAS values in both groups. ASDAS &lt;1.3 ASDAS ≥ 1.3 &lt; 2.1 ASDAS ≥ 2.1 &lt; 3.5 ASDAS &gt; 3.5 NSAIDs (n = 172) N = 27 (15.7%) N = 41 (23.8%) N = 70 (40.7%) N = 34 (19.8%) BIOL (n = 144) N = 28 (19.4%) N = 30 (20.8%) N = 57 (39.6%) N = 29 (20.1%) Conclusion: The real life RR in AxSpA seems to be higher on BIOL, even if compared to NSAIDs, the difference is not significant. However, many patients on NSAIDs achieve the remission. References: [1]Deodhar A. et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019 Jul;71(7):1101-1111. 2) Sieper J. et al. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016 Nov; 55(11): 1946-1953. Disclosure of Interests: Charlotte Baert: None declared, Charlene MOUAFO TOUKAM: None declared, Tatiana Sokolova: None declared, Adrien Nzeusseu Toukap Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Celgene Corporation, Janssen, Pfizer, UCB – grant/research support, Consultant of: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, UCB – consultant, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, UCB – advisory board member
Protecting Pregnant Women and Their Infants From COVID-19: Clues From Maternal Viral Loads, Antibody Responses, and Placentas
Authors: Denise J. Jamieson, Sonja A. Rasmussen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Andrea G. Edlow, MD, MSc; Jonathan Z. Li, MD, MMSc; Ai-ris Y. Collier, MD; Caroline Atyeo, BS; Kaitlyn E. James, PhD, MPH; Adeline A. Boatin, MD, MPH; Kathryn J. Gray, MD, PhD; Evan A. Bordt, PhD; Lydia L. Shook, MD; Lael M. Yonker, MD; Alessio Fasano, MD; Khady Diouf, MD; Natalie Croul, BA; Samantha Devane, BA; Laura J. Yockey, MD, PhD; Rosiane Lima, BS; Jessica Shui, MD; Juan D. Matute, MD; Paul H. Lerou, MD; Babatunde O. Akinwunmi, MD, MPH, MMSc; Aaron Schmidt, PhD; Jared Feldman, BS; Blake M. Hauser, MPhil; Timothy M. Caradonna, BS; Denis De la Flor, BS; Paolo D'Avino, BS; James Regan, BS; Heather Corry, BS; Kendyll Coxen, BS; Jesse Fajnzylber, BS; David Pepin, PhD; Michael S. Seaman, PhD; Dan H. Barouch, MD, PhD; Bruce D. Walker, PhD; Xu G. Yu, MD; Anjali J. Kaimal, MD, MAS; Drucilla J. Roberts, MD; Galit Alter, PhD
COVAN, COVID-Associated Nephropathy: An Evolving Epidemic of Kidney Disease
Authors: Aneesha A. Shetty, Ibrahim Tawhari, Maria L. Safar-Boueri, Nay Seif, Ameen S. Alahmadi, Vikram Aggarwal, Richard Gargiulo, Yashpal S. Kanwar, Susan E. Quaggin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Shetty, Aneesha A.; Tawhari, Ibrahim; Safar-Boueri, Maria L.; Seif, Nay; Alahmadi, Ameen S.; Aggarwal, Vikram; Gargiulo, Richard; Kanwar, Yashpal S.; Quaggin, Susan E. Author Information
Abstract 14763: Circulating Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9) Promotes Macrophage Activation and Vein Graft Lesion Development in LDL Receptor-Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Shunsuke Katsuki, Toshiaki Nakano, Julius L Decano, Hengmin Zhang, Gabriel Guimaraes, Maximillian A Rogers, Whitney S Golden, Ryo Kawakami, Charles K Ozaki, Elena Aikawa, Masanori Aikawa
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Vein graft failure is a major clinical problem with no effective medical therapies; however, its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. PCSK9 increases LDL-cholesterol le...
Gadolinium-Enhancedmagnetic resonance imagingin hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: In vivo imaging of the pathologic substrate for premature cardiac death?**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Raymond J Kim, Robert M Judd
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Food banks and infant formula: formula is critical for mothers with HIV
Authors: Deborah Gold
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Wise covers the recent debate over whether infant formula should be available at food banks.1

National AIDS Trust is the United Kingdom’s HIV rights charity. Breastfeeding is an identified route of HIV transmission. To prevent transmission, new mothers with HIV are advised to exclusively formula feed their babies.2 Despite this, free formula milk is not routinely provided through the NHS, leaving some families unable to …
Is Being Physically Active Enough to Be Metabolically Healthy? The Key Role of Sedentary Behavior
Authors: Mary O. Whipple, Judith G. Regensteiner, Audrey Bergouignan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

Low levels of physical activity (PA) are now well recognized as a major public health problem, implicated in cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and early mortality (1). PA guidelines (i.e., ≥150 min/week of moderate activity or ≥75 min/week of vigorous activity, collectively referred to as moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) are globally promoted to protect the population against the risk of developing chronic disease. But is this sufficient to promote metabolic health? The relationship between PA and health appears to be more complex than initially thought, and another component has been attracting attention over the past decade: sedentary behavior (SB). Although they are often used interchangeably, SB is fundamentally different from physical inactivity. While physical inactivity is defined as engaging in less PA than necessary to meet the current guidelines (2), SB describes “any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) while in a sitting or reclining posture” (3). Thus, individuals can be both physically active and highly sedentary (4,5). Increased time spent sitting raises the risk for metabolic syndrome (6), incident CVD, CVD-related risk factors, and early mortality (7,8), even in people who exercise regularly. These observations raise obvious questions: Are the effects of SB independent from those of PA or simply the “other side of the coin”? What is the minimum level of MVPA needed to counteract the adverse health effects of SB?

A recent harmonized meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million adults showed that high levels of PA (i.e., about 60–75 min/day of MVPA) are needed to eliminate the effect of 9 h/day of SB on mortality (9). Even if this exceeds the current PA …
Mesopore to Macropore Transformation of Metal–Organic Framework for Drug Delivery in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Yi Yin, Jingjing Yang, Yongchun Pan, Yanfeng Gao, Liangyu Huang, Xiaowei Luan, Zhengfan Lin, Weiming Zhu, Yi Li, Yujun Song
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2020)

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing autoimmune disease that is characterized by segmental intestinal inflammation. There is an urgent need for more efficient inflammation‐targeting strategies to improve therapeutic effect and reduce systemic drug exposure. Herein, an oxidation‐responsive metal–organic framework material (Ce‐MOF@PSS) is reported that preferentially adheres to inflamed intestine via enema. The overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) at inflammatory sites induces transformation of Ce‐MOF@PSS from mesopore to macropore with local drug release. In experimental colitis, the Ce‐MOF@PSS delivery system exhibits excellent inflammation‐targeting efficacy and superior therapeutic effect over free drug on suppressing inflammation and repairing intestinal barrier function. Accordingly, by targeting intestinal inflammation, increasing local drug concentrations, scavenging ROS, reducing systemic exposure, and exhibiting excellent safety profiles, it is considered that the Ce‐MOF drug delivery platform can be intensively developed as a translational nanomedicine for the management of IBD and other inflammatory diseases.
Renal Dysfunction, COVID-19 Infection, and Mortality
Authors: Yanetsy Olivera Arencibia, Oscar A. Garcia Valencia, Juan D. Salcedo Betancourt, Gabriel Contreras, Alessia Fornoni, Sabrina N. Taldone, Sayari Patel, Alexander R. Sands, Marie C. Desir, Samantha Spring, Staci J. Marbin, Anna K. Shah, Angela M. Mcgaugh, Ciara G. Sanon, Jay-Shing Wang, Camille C. Baumrucker, Nidhi Patel, Samantha R. Greissman, Matthew J. Gulau, Carlos A. Dallera, Sohil S. Desai, Marie A. Sosa
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Background: Critically ill patients with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) infection have diverse clinical manifestations including renal dysfunction which can determine their short-term outcomes  We assess if renal dysfunction on day one of hospital admission is associated with increased mortality risk of patients with severe COVID-19 infection  Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of records of patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between March 4 and April 11, 2020  Patients were divided into two groups based on serum creatinine level on day one of hospital admission  Group 1 included patients with normal serum creatinine (SCr) 1 10 mg/dl while group 2 included patients with high SCr > 1 10 mg/dl  The primary outcome was mortality  Secondary outcomes were the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), duration of RRT, development of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and need for mechanical ventilation  Comparisons between groups were done using Mann-Whitney U-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables  Mortality was evaluated with a Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis  Results: A total of 47 patients were included: 27 in group 1 and 20 in group 2  Patients in group 2 compared to group 1 were older (67 vs  56, p=0 04), more frequently African Americans (11% vs 45%, p=0 02), hypertensives (80% vs 52%, p=0 05) with chronic kidney disease (25% vs 0%, p=0 01), without significant differences sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking status or use of renin-angiotensin antagonists  8 patients in group 2 and 3 patients in group 1 died, with significant difference in cumulative survival (Figure 1)  Need for RRT (55% vs 41%, p=0 33), duration of RRT (6 vs 3 days, p=0 08), development of ARDS (85% vs 81%, p=0 75) and need for mechanical ventilation (65% vs 61%, p=0 89) were not significantly different between groups 2 and 1  Conclusions: The presence of renal dysfunction on the day of hospital admission is associated with increased hospital mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 infection
Cultural competence in covid-19 vaccine rollout
Authors: Wasim Hanif, Sarah N Ali, Kiran Patel, Kamlesh Khunti
Journal: BMJ (2020)

The development of a vaccine for SARS-CoV2 in a record nine months from concept to regulatory approval in the UK is one of the greatest scientific successes in recent history. 1 However, the speed of development and approval has led some potential recipients to have concerns about the vaccine's safety.These concerns may jeopardise the vaccination programme since the effectiveness of any vaccine depends on the number of people willing to be vaccinated.Globally, ethnic minority communities have been disproportionately affected by covid-19.Ethnicity is a major risk factor for adverse outcomes, along with age, male sex, obesity, deprivation, and comorbidities. 2 Now, at the start of the UK's national vaccination programme, culturally competent conversations with ethnic minority communities are more important than ever to enable informed consent, allay genuine concerns, break down barriers to uptake, and engage facilitators for the roll-out.
Safety and efficacy of riluzole in patients undergoing decompressive surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy (CSM-Protect): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3 trial
Authors: Michael G Fehlings, Jetan H Badhiwala, Henry Ahn, H Francis Farhadi, Christopher I Shaffrey, Ahmad Nassr, Praveen Mummaneni, Paul M Arnold, W Bradley Jacobs, K Daniel Riew, Michael Kelly, Darrel S Brodke, Alexander R Vaccaro, Alan S Hilibrand, Jason Wilson, James S Harrop, S Tim Yoon, Kee D Kim, Daryl R Fourney, Carlo Santaguida, Eric M Massicotte, Branko Kopjar
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2020)
Bilateral Vagus Nerve Enhancement in a Patient With Leptomeningeal Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Presenting with Intractable Hiccups
Authors: Rafid Mustafa, Bryan J. Neth, Derek Stitt
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

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Solitary Vulvar Involvement of Ovarian Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Mimicking Bartholin’s Abscess on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ediz Beyhan, Nurhan Ergül, Sibel Bektaş, Özge Erol, Tevfik Fikret Çermik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

A 49-year-old woman was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the left ovary. Two months after the hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy operation, the patient was referred to 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. A mass lesion measuring 2.8 × 3 cm with intense 18F-FDG uptake was observed at right labium majus, which could be considered as a Bartholin's cyst or abscess. The lesion was excised, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma involvement of vulva was revealed by histopathology.