tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Prosthetic Joint Infections Following Invasive Dental Procedures in England
Authors: Martin H. Thornhill, Annabel Crum, Saleema Rex, Tony Stone, Richard Campbell, Mike Bradburn, Veronica Fibisan, Peter B. Lockhart, Bryan Springer, Larry M. Baddour, Jon Nicholl
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Dentists in the United States are under pressure from orthopedic surgeons and their patients with prosthetic joints to provide antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures (IDP) to reduce the risk of late prosthetic joint infection (LPJI). This has been a common practice for decades, despite a lack of evidence for an association between IDP and LPJI, a lack of evidence of antibiotic prophylaxis efficacy, cost of providing antibiotic prophylaxis, and risk of both adverse drug reactions and the potential for promoting antibiotic resistance. <h3>Objective</h3> To quantify any temporal association between IDP and subsequent LPJI. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study used a case-crossover and time trend design to examine any potential association between IDP and LPJI. The population of England (55 million) was chosen because antibiotic prophylaxis has never been recommended to prevent LPJI in England, and any association between IDP and LPJI would therefore be fully exposed. All patients admitted to hospitals in England for LPJI from December 25, 2011, through March 31, 2017, and for whom dental records were available were included. Analyses were performed between May 2018 and June 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Exposure to IDP. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The main outcome was the incidence of IDP in the 3 months before LPJI hospital admission (case period) compared with the incidence in the 12 months before that (control period). <h3>Results</h3> A total of 9427 LPJI hospital admissions with dental records (mean [SD] patient age, 67.8 [13.1] years) were identified, including 4897 (52.0%) men and 4529 (48.0%) women. Of these, 2385 (25.3%) had hip prosthetic joints, 3168 (33.6%) had knee prosthetic joints, 259 (2.8%) had other prosthetic joints, and 3615 (38.4%) had unknown prosthetic joint types. There was no significant temporal association between IDP and subsequent LPJI. Indeed, there was a lower incidence of IDP in the 3 months prior to LPJI (incidence rate ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.96;<i>P</i> = .002). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that there is no rationale to administer antibiotic prophylaxis before IDP in patients with prosthetic joints.
Genome-wide association study on 13 167 individuals identifies regulators of blood CD34+cell levels
Authors: Aitzkoa Lopez de Lapuente Portilla, Ludvig Ekdahl, Caterina Cafaro, Zain Ali, Natsumi Miharada, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Kristijonas Žemaitis, Antton Lamarca Arrizabalaga, Malte Thodberg, Maroulio Pertesi, Parashar Dhapola, Erik Bao, Abhishek Niroula, Divya Bali, Gudmundur Norddahl, Nerea Ugidos Damboriena, Vijay G. Sankaran, Göran Karlsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Jonas Larsson, Kari Stefansson, Björn Nilsson
Journal: Blood (2022)
Greenlight (532nm) laser transurethral prostatectomy for treatment of benign prostate obstruction using XPS-180Watt system, does it pass the test of time?
Authors: F.K. Ghobrial, M. Laymon, M. Soltan, A.E. Abolazm, N. El-Tabey, A.M. Elshal
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Ureteroscopy-assisted versus conventional ultrasound-guided renal access for miniaturised endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery: A multicentre comparative study
Authors: K. Taguchi, S. Yamashita, S. Hamamoto, R. Deguchi, K. Kawase, T. Okada, T. Sugino, R. Unno, T. Kato, R. Ando, A. Okada, Y. Kohjimoto, I. Hara, T. Yasui
Journal: European Urology (2021)
The Invisibility of Power: A Cultural Ecology of Development in the Contemporary United States
Authors: Tasneem M. Mandviwala, Jennifer Hall, Margaret Beale Spencer
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2022)

This article highlights the invisible power those in racial and gendered privilege continue to hold in the contemporary United States and the harmful psychological effects of this power on both those it oppresses and, importantly, those who wield it. A lack of empathy and an inability for compassion arise in individuals holding sociopolitical and cultural power, and we highlight how this psychological condition is qualifiable as psychosis and question why it has not been discussed as such in the literature until now. We also, however, bring attention to the invisible psychological power that marginalized populations in the United States hold, invisible because it has been left largely unrecognized by mainstream cultural forces. By centering the ways American cultural minorities successfully navigate multiply oppressive structural systems, we conclude with a reflection on how intersectional feminism can offer a philosophical lens through which to mitigate the unhealthy developmental outcomes and effects of White heteronormative male power.
CD161 expression and regulation defines rapidly responding effector CD4+ T cells associated with improved survival in HPV16-associated tumors
Authors: Chantal L Duurland, Saskia J Santegoets, Ziena Abdulrahman, Nikki M Loof, Gregor Sturm, Tom H Wesselink, Ramon Arens, Sanne Boekestijn, Ilina Ehsan, Mariette I E van Poelgeest, Francesca Finotello, Hubert Hackl, Zlatko Trajanoski, Peter ten Dijke, Veronique M Braud, Marij J P Welters, Sjoerd H van der Burg
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Background Expression of killer cell lectin-like receptor B1 ( KLRB1 ), the gene encoding the cell surface molecule CD161, is associated with favorable prognosis in many cancers. CD161 is expressed by several lymphocyte populations, but its role and regulation on tumor-specific CD4+ T cells is unknown. Methods We examined the clinical impact of CD4+CD161+ T cells in human papillomavirus (HPV)16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), analyzed their contribution in a cohort of therapeutically vaccinated patients and used HPV16-specific CD4+CD161+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and T cell clones for in-depth mechanistic studies. Results Central and effector memory CD4+ T cells express CD161, but only CD4+CD161+ effector memory T cells (Tem) are associated with improved survival in OPSCC. Therapeutic vaccination activates and expands type 1 cytokine-producing CD4+CD161+ effector T cells. The expression of CD161 is dynamic and follows a pattern opposite of the checkpoint molecules PD1 and CD39. CD161 did not function as an immune checkpoint molecule as demonstrated using multiple experimental approaches using antibodies to block CD161 and gene editing to knockout CD161 expression. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed KLRB1 expression in many T cell clusters suggesting differences in their activation. Indeed, CD4+CD161+ effector cells specifically expressed the transcriptional transactivator SOX4, known to enhance T cell receptor (TCR) signaling via CD3ε. Consistent with this observation, CD4+CD161+ cells respond more vigorously to limiting amounts of cognate antigen in presence of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 compared to their CD161- counterparts. The expression of CD161/ KLRB1 and SOX4 was downregulated upon TCR stimulation and this effect was boosted by transforming growth factor (TGF)β1. Conclusion High levels of CD4+CD161+ Tem are associated with improved survival and our data show that CD161 is dynamically regulated by cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors. CD161 expressing CD4+ T cells rapidly respond to suboptimal antigen stimulation suggesting that CD161, similar to SOX4, is involved in the amplification of TCR signals in CD4+ T cells.
In Response to: “Comparing Addition of Radiotherapy in EGFR- and ALK-Positive NSCLC With Brain Metastases: Are We Evaluating the Optimal Endpoint?”
Authors: Nicholas J Thomas, Nathaniel J Myall, Fangdi Sun, Tejas Patil, Rao Mushtaq, Chandler Yu, Sumi Sinha, Erqi L Pollom, Seema Nagpal, D Ross Camidge, Chad G Rusthoven, Steve E Braunstein, Heather A Wakelee, Caroline E McCoach
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
The transcription factor HIF-1α mediates plasticity of NKp46+ innate lymphoid cells in the gut
Authors: Ewelina Krzywinska, Michal Sobecki, Shunmugam Nagarajan, Julian Zacharjasz, Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Abigaelle Pelletier, Eoin Cummins, Dagmar Gotthardt, Joachim Fandrey, Yann M. Kerdiles, Carole Peyssonnaux, Cormac T. Taylor, Veronika Sexl, Christian Stockmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

Gut innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) show remarkable phenotypic diversity, yet microenvironmental factors that drive this plasticity are incompletely understood. The balance between NKp46+, IL-22–producing, group 3 ILCs (ILC3s) and interferon (IFN)-γ–producing group 1 ILCs (ILC1s) contributes to gut homeostasis. The gut mucosa is characterized by physiological hypoxia, and adaptation to low oxygen is mediated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). However, the impact of HIFs on ILC phenotype and gut homeostasis is not well understood. Mice lacking the HIF-1α isoform in NKp46+ ILCs show a decrease in IFN-γ–expressing, T-bet+, NKp46+ ILC1s and a concomitant increase in IL-22–expressing, RORγt+, NKp46+ ILC3s in the gut mucosa. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed HIF-1α as a driver of ILC phenotypes, where HIF-1α promotes the ILC1 phenotype by direct up-regulation of T-bet. Loss of HIF-1α in NKp46+ cells prevents ILC3-to-ILC1 conversion, increases the expression of IL-22–inducible genes, and confers protection against intestinal damage. Taken together, our results suggest that HIF-1α shapes the ILC phenotype in the gut.
Postintervention Effects of Varying Treatment Arms on Glycemic Failure and β-Cell Function in the TODAY Trial
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

OBJECTIVE The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) trial demonstrated that glycemic failure rates were significantly lower in youth randomized to metformin plus rosiglitazone treatment than in youth randomized to metformin alone or metformin plus intensive lifestyle intervention. At the end of the study, rosiglitazone was permanently discontinued, and routine diabetes care resumed. Herein, we report postintervention glycemic failure rates in TODAY participants over an additional 36 months of follow-up for the three original treatment arms and describe insulin sensitivity and β-cell function outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 699 participants were randomized during TODAY, of whom 572 enrolled in the TODAY2 observational follow-up. Glycemic failure was defined as HbA1c ≥8% over a 6-month period, inability to wean from temporary insulin therapy within 3 months after acute metabolic decompensation during TODAY, or sustained HbA1c ≥8% over two consecutive visits during TODAY2. Oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted, and insulin sensitivity, insulinogenic index, and oral disposition index were calculated. RESULTS During the 36 months of TODAY2, glycemic failure rates did not differ among participants by original treatment group assignment. Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function deteriorated rapidly during the 36 months of TODAY2 routine diabetes care but did not differ by treatment group assignment. CONCLUSIONS The added benefit of preventing glycemic failure by using rosiglitazone as a second agent in youth-onset type 2 diabetes did not persist after its discontinuation. More work is needed to address this rapid progression to avoid long-term diabetes complications.
Impact of surgical approach (open vs. minimally invasive) on oncological outcomes after nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma: A RECUR database project
Authors: G. Fallara, A. Larcher, S. Dabestani, N. Fossati, P. Järvinen, H. Nisen, E. Gudmundsson, T.B. Lam, L. Marconi, S. Fernandéz-Pello, R.P. Meijer, A. Volpe, C. Beisland, T. Klatte, G.D. Stewart, B. Ljungberg, F. Montorsi, A. Bex, U. Capitanio
Journal: European Urology (2021)
The use of ureteral access sheath does not reduce the rate of infectious complications after flexible ureteroscopy and Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy for renal stones
Authors: E. Ventimiglia, L. Villa, C. Abbate, S. Proietti, G. Giusti, O. Traxer, A. Briganti, F. Montorsi, A. Salonia
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Saphenous sparing ascending video-endoscopic inguinal lymph node dissection (VEILND-AS+) using a leg approach: Surgical technique, perioperative and pathological outcomes
Authors: C.D. Fankhauser, E.W.C. Lee, A. Issa, P. Oliveira, M. Lau, V. Sangar, A. Parnham
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Timing of high-dose methotrexate CNS prophylaxis in DLBCL: a multicenter international analysis of 1384 patients
Authors: Matthew R. Wilson, Toby A. Eyre, Amy A. Kirkwood, Nicole Wong Doo, Carole Soussain, Sylvain Choquet, Nicolás Martinez-Calle, Gavin Preston, Matthew Ahearne, Elisabeth Schorb, Marie-Pierre Moles-Moreau, Matthew Ku, Chiara Rusconi, Jahanzaib Khwaja, Mayur Narkhede, Katharine L. Lewis, Teresa Calimeri, Eric Durot, Loïc Renaud, Andreas Kiesbye Øvlisen, Graham McIlroy, Timothy J. Ebsworth, Johnathan Elliot, Anna Santarsieri, Laure Ricard, Nimish Shah, Qin Liu, Adam S. Zayac, Francesco Vassallo, Laure Lebras, Louise Roulin, Naelle Lombion, Kate Manos, Ruben Fernandez, Nada Hamad, Alberto Lopez-Garcia, Deirdre O'Mahony, Praveen Gounder, Nathalie Forgeard, Charlotte Lees, Kossi Agbetiafa, Tim Strüßmann, Thura Win Htut, Aline Clavert, Hamish Scott, Anna Guidetti, Brett R. Barlow, Emmanuelle Tchernonog, Jeffery Smith, Fiona Miall, Christopher P. Fox, Chan Y. Cheah, Tarec Christoffer El Galaly, Andrés J. M. Ferreri, Kate Cwynarski, Pamela McKay
Journal: Blood (2022)
Innate immunological pathways in COVID-19 pathogenesis
Authors: Søren R. Paludan, Trine H. Mogensen
Journal: Science Immunology (2022)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease characterized by a profound dysregulation of the innate immune system. This knowledge has emerged from the large body of single-cell omics studies of patients with COVID-19, which have provided one of the most detailed cellular atlases of a human disease ever. However, we are only beginning to understand the innate immunological pathways that govern host defense and immunopathology in COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the emerging understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 and host-derived molecules activate specific pattern recognition receptors to elicit protective interferon responses and pathological cytokine responses, with particular focus on acute infection of the lung and lung pathophysiology in critical COVID-19. In addition, we discuss how these pathways are modulated by virus-host interactions and host stress-sensing pathways. In-depth understanding of the disease mechanisms will likely uncover specific molecular targets for the treatment of COVID-19 and other emerging viral infections. In addition, it will reveal the fine balance between beneficial protective versus pathological disease causing immune responses.
Patients report satisfaction/regret following focal therapy for localized prostate cancer: A prospective multicenter evaluation
Authors: S.A. Ghoreifi Nejadian, M. Kaneko, G. Cacciamani, A. Iwata, A. Shakir, A. Lebastchi, D. Park, O. Ukimura, D. Bahn, I. Gill, S. Peretsman, A.L. Abreu
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Neural ventilatory drive decline as a predominant mechanism of obstructive sleep apnoea events
Authors: Laura K Gell, Daniel Vena, Raichel M Alex, Ali Azarbarzin, Nicole Calianese, Lauren B Hess, Luigi Taranto-Montemurro, David P White, Andrew Wellman, Scott A Sands
Journal: Thorax (2022)

Background In the classic model of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), respiratory events occur with sleep-related dilator muscle hypotonia, precipitating increased neural ventilatory ‘drive’. By contrast, a drive-dependent model has been proposed, whereby falling drive promotes dilator muscle hypotonia to precipitate respiratory events. Here we determine the extent to which the classic versus drive-dependent models of OSA are best supported by direct physiological measurements. Methods In 50 OSA patients (5–91 events/hour), we recorded ventilation (‘flow’, oronasal mask and pneumotach) and ventilatory drive (calibrated intraoesophageal diaphragm electromyography, EMG) overnight. Flow and drive during events were ensemble averaged; patients were classified as drive dependent if flow fell/rose simultaneously with drive. Overnight effects of lower drive on flow, genioglossus muscle activity (EMGgg) and event risk were quantified (mixed models). Results On average, ventilatory drive fell (rather than rose) during events (−20 (−42 to 3)% baseline , median (IQR)) and was strongly correlated with flow (R=0.78 (0.24 to 0.94)). Most patients (30/50, 60%) were classified as exhibiting drive-dependent event pathophysiology. Lower drive during sleep was associated with lower flow (−17 (−20 to –14)%/drive) and EMGgg (−3.5 (−3.8 to –3.3)% max /drive) and greater event risk (OR: 2.2 (1.8 to 2.5) per drive reduction of 100% eupnoea ); associations were concentrated in patients with drive-dependent OSA (ie, flow: −37 (−40 to –34)%/drive, OR: 6.8 (5.3 to 8.7)). Oesophageal pressure—without tidal volume correction—falsely suggested rising drive during events ( classic model). Conclusions In contrast to the prevailing view, patients with OSA predominantly exhibit drive-dependent event pathophysiology, whereby flow is lowest at nadir drive, and lower drive raises event risk. Preventing ventilatory drive decline is therefore considered a target for OSA intervention.
Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Health Care Settings in the Context of the Omicron Variant
Authors: Michael Klompas, Abraar Karan
Journal: JAMA (2022)

This Viewpoint discusses the recent surge in SARS-CoV-2 cases attributable to the Omicron variant and proposes mandating booster doses, testing more frequently, and implementing universal use of N95 respirators in health care settings to prevent transmission.
Severe immune-related adverse events in nivolumab-treated patients with metastatic RCC are associated to PDCD1 polymorphism
Authors: K. Numakura, M. Kobayashi, S. Hatakeyama, Y. Muto, Y. Sekine, S. Kashima, R. Yamamoto, A. Koizumi, T. Nara, M. Saito, S. Narita, C. Ohyama, T. Habuchi
Journal: European Urology (2021)
A solid-in-oil-in-water emulsion: An adjuvant-based immune-carrier enhances vaccine effect
Authors: Yoshiro Tahara, Riko Mizuno, Tomoki Nishimura, Sada-atsu Mukai, Rie Wakabayashi, Noriho Kamiya, Kazunari Akiyoshi, Masahiro Goto
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)
Real-Time Functional MRI in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel, Cody A. Cushing, Hakwan Lau
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2022)

Multiple mental disorders have been associated with dysregulation of precise brain processes. However, few therapeutic approaches can correct such specific patterns of brain activity. Since the late 1960s and early 1970s, many researchers have hoped that this feat could be achieved by closed-loop brain imaging approaches, such as neurofeedback, that aim to modulate brain activity directly. However, neurofeedback never gained mainstream acceptance in mental health, in part due to methodological considerations. In this review, we argue that, when contemporary methodological guidelines are followed, neurofeedback is one of the few intervention methods in psychology that can be assessed in double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Furthermore, using new advances in machine learning and statistics, it is now possible to target very precise patterns of brain activity for therapeutic purposes. We review the recent literature in functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback and discuss current and future applications to mental health.
Corrigendum to “International Tailored Chemotherapy Adjuvant (ITACA) trial, a phase III multicenter randomized trial comparing adjuvant pharmacogenomic-driven chemotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemotherapy in completely resected stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer”
Authors: S. Novello, V. Torri, C. Grohe, S. Kurz, M. Serke, T. Wehler, A. Meyer, D. Ladage, M. Geissler, I. Colantonio, C. Cauchi, E. Stoelben, A. Ceribelli, C. Kropf-Sanchen, G. Valmadre, G. Borra, M. Schena, A. Morabito, A. Santo, V. Gregorc, R. Chiari, M. Reck, G. Schmid-Bindert, G. Folprecht, F. Griesinger, A. Follador, P. Pedrazzoli, A. Bearz, O. Caffo, N.J. Dickgreber, L. Irtelli, G. Wiest, V. Monica, L. Porcu, C. Manegold, G.V. Scagliotti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Very early catheter removal on postoperative day 2 after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: reporting on early complications and functional results
Authors: D. Develtere, G. Rosiello, P. Piazza, A. Pandey, C. Berquin, C. Sinatti, H. Van Puyvelde, S. Puliatti, M. Amato, R. Farinha, R. De Groote, P. Schatteman, G. De Naeyer, F. D’Hondt, A. Mottrie
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Aquablation for benign prostatic hyperplasia in large prostates (80-150cc): 3-year results
Authors: K. Zorn, M. Bidair, N. Bhojani, A. Trainer, A. Arther, E. Kramolowsky, L Doumanian, D. Elterman, R.P. Kaufman, J. Lingeman, A. Krambeck, G. Eure, G. Badlani, M. Plante, G. Gin, L. Goldenberg, R. Patterson, A. So, M. Humphreys, S. Kaplan, J. Motola, M. Desai, C. Roehrborn
Journal: European Urology (2021)
18F-FDG PET/CT in Clear Cell Sarcoma With Multiple Bone Metastases
Authors: Tingting Long, Shuo Hu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 26-year-old man presented with right facial pain for more than 20 days. Admission diagnosis was considered as jaw osteomyelitis. CT of the chest before surgery showed multiple bone destructions, which were considered as bone metastases. Then the 18 F-FDG PET/CT was recommended for finding the primary tumor and evaluation of disease extent. 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed multiple abnormal foci at the skeleton and the left arm. Pathological examination and molecular analysis revealed the diagnosis of clear cell sarcoma. We present a case of clear cell sarcoma with multiple bone metastases, which is an extremely rare tumor.
Involvement of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway in T-cell proliferation and NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in Sézary syndrome
Authors: Gabrielle Sonigo, Alizée Bozonnat, Maëlle Dumont, Nicolas Thonnart, Caroline Ram-Wolff, Adèle de Masson, Martine Bagot, Armand Bensussan, Anne Marie-Cardine
Journal: Blood (2022)
Association of Comprehensive Immediate Postpartum Contraception With Infant Outcomes
Authors: Tracey A. Wilkinson, Jeffrey F. Peipert
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

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