tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Autoimmune Hepatitis – A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study With Histopathology
Authors: Rajani Sharma, Tracey G. Simon, Olof Stephansson, Elizabeth C. Verna, Jean Emond, Jonas Söderling, Bjorn Roelstraete, Hannes Hagström, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver condition that predominantly affects women. However, pregnancy risks remain unclear.A nationwide population-based cohort study (ESPRESSO) in Sweden from 1992 to 2016 including 309 singleton births in women with AIH and 1532 matched births in women from the general population was performed. AIH was diagnosed as a combination of administrative coding from medical diagnosis of AIH and liver biopsy data from Sweden's 28 pathology departments. Using conditional logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) for adverse pregnancy outcomes were determined.Among 306 live births to women with AIH, 51 (16.7%) were preterm, compared with 70 of 1524 (4.6%) reference births. This corresponded to an OR of 5.10 for preterm birth (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.29-7.92), with similar odds using sibling comparators. Women with AIH with and without cirrhosis had similar odds for preterm birth. The AIH association was particularly strong with medically indicated preterm birth (OR, 13.01; 95% CI, 5.50-30.79). AIH was associated with low birth weight (OR, 5.31; 95% CI, 2.82-9.99) and low 5-minute Apgar score (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.14-10.49) offspring, but we found no association with congenital malformations (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.68-1.91), small for gestational age (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.38-2.85), stillbirth (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.02-18.88), or neonatal death (OR, 7.42; 95% CI, 0.65-84.25). Maternal AIH was linked to an increased odds of cesarean section (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04-2.00) and preeclampsia (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 2.01-6.64), but not to gestational diabetes.Maternal AIH was associated with a 5-fold higher odds of preterm birth, and cirrhosis at diagnosis did not add to the impact of AIH on preterm birth. Future studies are needed to understand how to reduce this risk.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings of Myeloid Sarcoma in the Pancreas
Authors: Nuh Filizoglu, Salih Ozguven
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare neoplasm of leukemic cells that infiltrates an extramedullary soft tissue. MS may present at initial diagnosis of any myeloproliferative disease or relapse after treatment. It is most commonly associated with acute myeloid leukemia. The incidence of pancreatic involvement of MS is very rare. Herein we present FDG PET/CT findings of a rare case of MS involving the pancreas, which was initially misdiagnosed as pancreatic carcinoma.
Abstract EP23: Age-related Disparities In Access To A Usual Source Of Healthcare Among Adults With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018
Authors: Alexander R Zheutlin, Eric Stulberg
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), regular follow-up is integral to secondary prevention. Lack of a usual source of healthcare may contribute to healthcare disparities, particularly among young adults with ASCVD. Methods: Using pooled data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2013-2018), the prevalence of a usual healthcare source among US adults with ASCVD was estimated overall and by age (20-39 years, 40-64 years, 65+ years). Covariates for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics were obtained. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between age and having a usual source of healthcare among US adults with ASCVD with adjustment for socioeconomic, demographic variables, and health-related variables. Results: Among all adults with ASCVD (weighted N= 55,501,274.0), 95.2% had a usual source of healthcare. Adults with a usual source of healthcare were older adults, had history of high cholesterol, and more healthcare visits in the prior 12 months, compared to those without a usual source. Among adults aged 20-39 years 85.8% had usual source of healthcare, compared to 93.6% of adults 40-64 years and 96.5% of adults 65+. After full adjustment, adults 40-64 years and 65+ were more likely to have a usual source of healthcare (OR 5.1, 95% CI [1.3,19.7]; OR 6.5, 95% CI [1.6,26.5]), compared to adults 20-39 years. Additionally, among adults with ASCVD food insecurity was associated with a lower prevalence of a usual source of healthcare. Discussion: The majority of US adults with ASCVD had access to a usual source of healthcare. However, fewer young adults with ASCVD had access to a usual source of health care. Younger adults represent a vulnerable population, and face barriers to care that differ from older patients. Regular access to a usual source of healthcare represents a modifiable factor impeding the care of younger adults with ASCVD.
Esophagitis Mimicking Esophageal Cancer on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT
Authors: Xiao Yang, Zhouxiang You, Chunru Mou, Zhi Hu, Huipan Liu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

A 69-year-old man presented with dysphagia for 6 months. Endoscopic biopsy showed no sign of malignancy, but enhanced chest CT revealed thickening of the esophageal wall, which was considered likely a potential malignancy. The patient subsequently was enrolled in our clinical trial of 68Ga-FAPI study in tumors. Intense 68Ga-FAPI activity was noted in the thickened esophagus. However, repeated endoscopic biopsies and relief of symptoms after drug treatment rendered a diagnosis of Candida albicans esophagitis.
Abstract P188: Application Of A Facebook Platform To Engage Rural Populations In Health Awareness And Research On Heart, Lung, Blood And Sleep Disorders: The Risk Underlying Rural Areas Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Keith O Cobb, Frances C Henderson, Vasan S Ramachandran, Ervin R Fox
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Data is sparse regarding the utility of social media in engaging southern, rural communities in health awareness education and research. Community Advisory Board (CAB) members of the Mississippi (MS) Core of the Risk Underling Rural Areas Longitudinal (RURAL) Study suggested the use of a Facebook social media platform to promote the RURAL Study while providing live health education presentations that they could review and refer to others. Objective: Identify social media strategies using existing Facebook metrics to engage the populations of two rural counties in research on Heart, Lung, Blood and Sleep disorders. Methods: The Principal Investigator of RURAL Study’s MS Core collaborated with the University’s Social Media Coordinator to implement a Facebook page for the Study. The team implemented six health awareness education programs focused on monthly health observances that best fit with HLBS disorders and COVID-19 concerns noted by the CABs. Facebook metrics including Reach (Organic and Paid Ads), Views, Likes, Comments and Shares were collected continuously. Findings: There were six Health Awareness events between February and June 2021 (Table 1). Paid Ads resulted in a greater reach among those in targeted rural communities. The number of views positively correlated with the number reached. The highest number of views were for short talks on Men’s Health (June events) compared to hour-long panel discussions (Feb, May and Aug events). The numbers of Likes, Comments and Shares were similar among the different approaches. Clicks were greater among Paid Ads compared to Organic Ads. Between February and August the number of followers increased from 39 to 300 with the largest increase in July after the Men Health talks. Conclusion: Using social media may be an effective tool for reaching communities with health awareness and health education. Our findings support that Paid Ads (Boosts) focusing on targeted audiences are more effective than Organic Ads. Short talks are more effective than hour long programs.
Abstract P062: Migration-related Weight Changes Among African Immigrants In The United States
Authors: Samuel Byiringiro, Ruth-alma N Turkson-ocran, Diana Baptiste, Binu Koirala, Oluwabunmi B Ogungbe, Cheryl Dennison Himmelfarb, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: People who migrate from low to high-income countries are at an increased risk of weight gain and excess weight is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Little is known about changes in BMI categories pre-and post-migration. We assessed changes in BMI pre-and post-migration and associated risk factors. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the African Immigrant Health Study which included African immigrants in the Baltimore, Washington D.C. metropolitan area. BMI category change was the outcome and was categorized as healthy BMI change, unhealthy BMI maintenance, and unhealthy BMI change. We explored the following potential factors: age at migration, percentage of life in the US, physical activity, diet, depression, country of origin, and reasons for migration. We used multinomial logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, employment, education, income, and marital status. Results: Among 300 participants, the mean (SD) age was 47.6 (11.7) years, and 167 (55.6%) were females. Also, 14.0% had healthy BMI change, 25.7% had unhealthy BMI maintenance, and 60.3% had unhealthy BMI change. Individuals who migrated at age 40-49 years were six times likely to maintain unhealthy BMI than immigrants at age 20-29 years (OR = 6.55, 95% CI: 1.53, 28.04). Immigrants from Sierra Leone had the lowest odds of unhealthy BMI change compared to Ghanaians (OR: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.33). Migrating for employment or economy (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.46), and family (OR: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.43) was associated with lower odds of unhealthy BMI change than migrating for educational reasons. Spending 25% or more of life in the US was associated with a 3-fold higher odds of unhealthy BMI change (OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.30, 8.38) (Table). Conclusion: Majority of African immigrants had unhealthy BMI change upon migrating to the US. Tailored interventions that consider acculturation, country of origin and reasons for migration are needed to prevent obesity in this population.
Abstract P042: Impact Of Mild Sleep Restriction On Lipid Profile: Influence Of Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Rocio Barragan, Delaney Shaw, Faris M Zuraikat, Samantha Scaccia, Bin Cheng, Sanja Jelic, Marie-Pierre St-Onge
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dyslipidemia is one of the main risk factors for CVD but the influence of sleep duration on this risk factor is, for the moment, inconclusive. Objective: The goal of this study is to test the impact of mild sleep restriction (SR), sustained for 6 wk, on the lipid profile of participants at risk of CVD. Methods: A randomized crossover study was carried out in 64 adults (68% women) aged 20-73 y with a BMI between 19.2-29.9 kg/m 2 . Participants habitually slept ≥7 h/night, verified by 2 wk of wrist actigraphy during screening. Participants underwent 2 sleep conditions of 6 wk each: AS and SR (a reduction of 1.5 h/night relative to AS). Lipid profile was determined from fasted blood samples collected at baseline, wk 3, wk 4 and wk 6 of each phase. In a subset of 34 women, we analyzed inflammatory markers: interleukin- 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Linear mixed models were used to test the influence of sleep condition on change in lipid profile over time. We further performed Pearson correlations between change in inflammatory markers over each of the the 6-wk phases with lipids measures assessed at endpoint of the respective condition. Results: No effect of sleep condition on change in total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (β=0.40±1.80; p=0.83; β=0.43±2.38; p=0.86, respectively) was observed. LDL-C decreased over time, and this was more pronounced in SR compared to AS (β=-3.75±1.59; p=0.019). Similarly, HDL-C decreased over time, and this was less pronounced in SR compared to AS (β=1.78±0.64; p=0.006). Findings were similar in sub-group analyses by sex and menopausal status. Correlation analyses revealed trends for inverse correlations between IL-6 and total cholesterol (r=-0.299; p= 0.096), and LDL-C (r=-0.344; p=0.054) during SR. Also, a decrease in CRP during SR was correlated with higher HDL-C levels at endpoint (r=-0.545; p= 0.002). Conversely, in AS, we only detected a positive correlation between change in CRP and LDL-C at endpoint (r=0.354; p= 0.037). Conclusions: Six weeks of mild sleep restriction does not adversely impact lipid profile. However, this may be a maladaptive response to increases in inflammatory markers after a period of mild sleep restriction. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
1O Furmonertinib versus gefitinib in treatment-naïve EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer: A randomized, double-blind, multi-center, phase III study (FURLONG)
Authors: Y-K. Shi, G. Chen, X. Wang, Y. Liu, L. Wu, Y. Hao, C. Liu, S. Zhu, X. Zhang, Y. Li, J. Liu, L. Cao, Y. Cheng, H. Zhao, S. Zhang, A. Zang, J. Cui, J. Feng, F. Liu, C. Gu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Sigmoid Colon Carcinoma Presenting in Inguinoscrotal Hernia With FDG PET/CT
Authors: Özge Erol, Ediz Beyhan, Rahime Şahin, Mehmet Can Baloğlu, Tevfik Fikret Çermik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Primary carcinoma of the sigmoid colon in an inguinal hernia is a rare condition. We present a 79-year-old man diagnosed with sigmoid colon carcinoma referred to 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. PET/CT showed the primary lesion in the inguinal hernia into scrotum.
Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus triggers pyroptosis and contributes to inhibition of healing due to perforin-2 suppression
Authors: Irena Pastar, Andrew P. Sawaya, Jelena Marjanovic, Jamie L. Burgess, Natasa Strbo, Katelyn E. Rivas, Tongyu C. Wikramanayake, Cheyanne R. Head, Rivka C. Stone, Ivan Jozic, Olivera Stojadinovic, Eran Y. Kornfeld, Robert S. Kirsner, Hadar Lev-Tov, Marjana Tomic-Canic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Impaired wound healing associated with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infection and unresolved inflammation are hallmarks of nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Perforin-2, an innate immunity molecule against intracellular bacteria, limits cutaneous infection and dissemination of S. aureus in mice. Here, we report the intracellular accumulation of S. aureus in the epidermis of DFUs with no clinical signs of infection due to marked suppression of perforin-2. S. aureus residing within the epidermis of DFUs triggers AIM2 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. These findings were corroborated in mice lacking perforin-2. The effects of pyroptosis on DFU clinical outcomes were further elucidated in a 4-week longitudinal clinical study in patients with DFUs receiving standard care. Increased AIM2 inflammasome and ASC-pyroptosome coupled with induction of IL-1β were found in nonhealing DFUs compared with healing DFUs. Our findings revealed that perforin-2 suppression, intracellular S. aureus accumulation, and associated induction of pyroptosis contribute to healing inhibition and prolonged inflammation in patients with DFUs.
Abstract Book for the 3rd European Myeloma Network Meeting
Journal: HemaSphere (2022)

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Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Sensitive Windows of Exposure and Sex Differences
Authors: Md Mostafijur Rahman, Yu-Hsiang Shu, Ting Chow, Frederick W. Lurmann, Xin Yu, Mayra P. Martinez, Sarah A. Carter, Sandrah P. Eckel, Jiu-Chiuan Chen, Zhanghua Chen, Pat Levitt, Joel Schwartz, Rob McConnell, Anny H. Xiang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)

Background: Studies have shown that air pollution exposures during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, and the risk appears to be greater for boys. However, studies assessing gestational windows of susceptibility have been mostly limited by trimesters. Objective: We identified sensitive windows of exposure to regional air pollution and risk of ASD and examined sex differences in a large birth cohort. Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study included 294,937 mother–child pairs with singleton deliveries in Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) hospitals from 2001 to 2014. Children were followed using electronic medical records until clinical ASD diagnosis, non-KPSC membership, death, or 31 December 2019, whichever came first. Weekly mean fine particulate matter [PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5μm (PM2.5)], nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) pregnancy exposures were estimated using spatiotemporal prediction models. Cox proportional hazard models with distributed lags were used to estimate weekly pollutant exposure associations with ASD risk for the entire cohort, and separately for boys and for girls. Models were adjusted for child sex (for full cohort), maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age at delivery, parity, maternal education, maternal comorbidities, medical center, census tract median household income, birth year, and season. Results: There were 5,694 ASD diagnoses (4,636 boys, 1,058 girls). Sensitive PM2.5 exposure windows associated with ASD were found early in pregnancy, statistically significant throughout the first two trimesters [1–27 wk of gestation, cumulative hazard ratio (HR)=1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.23] per interquartile range (IQR) (7.4-μg/m3) increase]. O3 exposure during 34–37 wk of gestation was associated with increased risk [HR=1.06 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.11) per IQR (17.4 ppb) increase] but with reduced risk during 20–28 wk of gestation [HR=0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.98)]. No associations were observed with NO2. Sex-stratified early gestational PM2.5 associations were stronger among boys [boys HR=1.16 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.26); girls HR=1.06 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.26)]. O3 associations in later gestation were observed only in boys [boys HR=1.10 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.16); girls HR=0.94 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.05)]. Conclusions: Exposures to PM2.5 in the first two gestational trimesters were associated with increased ASD risk in children, with stronger associations observed for boys. The role of O3 exposure on ASD risk merits further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9509
Avoiding the self-nucleation interference: a pH-regulated gold <i>in situ</i> growth strategy to enable ultrasensitive immunochromatographic diagnostics
Authors: Hong Duan, Tongtong Ma, Xiaolin Huang, Bao Gao, Lingyan Zheng, Xirui Chen, Yonghua Xiong, Xiaoyuan Chen
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

Background: Gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay (AuNP-ICA) has insufficient sensitivity due to its inherent colorimetric signal intensity and low capture efficiency of AuNPs.The metal in situ growth is a common strategy to enhance the sensitivity of AuNP-ICA due to its superior signal amplification potential and simple operation.However, the detection distortion caused by metal self-nucleation during the growth process can seriously affect the accuracy and reproducibility of the strips.Methods: We present a pH-regulated gold in situ growth (GISG) strategy to amplify the colorimetric signal and demonstrate its application in improving the performance of traditional AuNP-ICA.The controllable growth signal amplification is achieved by lowering the pH of the growth solution to weaken the reducibility of hydroxylamine (HA), thus urging the crystallization and growth of Au 3+ on the AuNP surface instead of free reduction and self-nucleation.In addition, the mechanism of pH regulation on HA reducibility is elucidated by introducing an electron-donating or electron-withdrawing group to affect the electron density of hydroxyl group.Results: The proposed GISG strategy shows improved sensitivity, low background, robust operation, and good reproducibility.The LOD values of the designed GISG-amplified AuNP-ICA are as low as 0.0198 ng mL -1 for hepatitis B surface antigen and 0.0125 ng mL -1 for HIV-1 capsid p24 antigen, which are lower by about 500-and 70-fold, respectively, than those of the unamplified AuNP-ICA.Conclusions: This method is extended to enable ultrasensitive and rapid diagnosis of viral infections, and has potential as a general signal amplification platform to redefine immunochromatographic diagnostics.
Minimal Residual Disease After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplant for Patients With Myeloma: Prognostic Significance and the Impact of Lenalidomide Maintenance and Molecular Risk
Authors: Ruth M. de Tute, Charlotte Pawlyn, David A. Cairns, Faith E. Davies, Tom Menzies, Andy Rawstron, John R. Jones, Anna Hockaday, Rowena Henderson, Gordon Cook, Mark T. Drayson, Matthew W. Jenner, Martin F. Kaiser, Walter M. Gregory, Gareth J. Morgan, Graham H. Jackson, Roger G. Owen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

PURPOSE Minimal residual disease (MRD) can predict outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma, but limited data are available on the prognostic impact of MRD when assessed at serial time points in the context of maintenance therapy after autologous stem-cell transplant (ASCT) and the interaction between MRD and molecular risk. METHODS Data from a large phase III trial (Myeloma XI) were examined to determine the relationship between MRD status, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in post-ASCT patients randomly assigned to lenalidomide maintenance or no maintenance at 3 months after ASCT. MRD status was assessed by flow cytometry (median sensitivity 0.004%) before maintenance random assignment (ASCT + 3) and 6 months later (ASCT + 9). RESULTS At ASCT + 3, 475 of 750 (63.3%) patients were MRD-negative and 275 (36.7%) were MRD-positive. MRD-negative status was associated with improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.58 P &lt; .001) and OS (HR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.85; P = .0046). At ASCT + 9, 214 of 326 (65.6%) were MRD-negative and 112 (34.4%) were MRD-positive. MRD-negative status was associated with improved PFS (HR = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.31; P &lt; .0001) and OS (HR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.75; P = .0077). The findings were very similar when restricted to patients with complete response/near complete response. Sustained MRD negativity from ASCT + 3 to ASCT + 9 or the conversion to MRD negativity by ASCT + 9 was associated with the longest PFS/OS. Patients randomly assigned to lenalidomide maintenance were more likely to convert from being MRD-positive before maintenance random assignment to MRD-negative 6 months later (lenalidomide 30%, observation 17%). High-risk molecular features had an adverse effect on PFS and OS even for those patients achieving MRD-negative status. On multivariable analysis of MRD status, maintenance therapy and molecular risk maintained prognostic impact at both ASCT + 3 and ASCT + 9. CONCLUSION In patients with multiple myeloma, MRD status at both ASCT + 3 and ASCT + 9 is a powerful predictor of PFS and OS.