tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Zinc deficiency
Authors: A. S Prasad
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Although it has been known for more than six decades that zinc is essential for the growth of micro-organisms, plants, and animals, until 1961 it was believed that zinc deficiency in humans could never occur. It is now clear that nutritional deficiency of zinc is widely prevalent and its morbidities are severe. This article describes the history of the study of zinc deficiency from a single case report in 1961 to its current state.

In 1958, a 21 year old male patient in the Iranian city of Shiraz presented with dwarfism, hypogonadism, hepatosplenomegaly, rough and dry skin, mental lethargy, geophagia, and iron deficiency anaemia.1 This patient had an unusual diet. His intake of animal protein was negligible, and he ate only unleavened bread. In addition, he consumed 0.5 kg of clay daily. His total intake of calories and protein (cereal) was adequate, and except for iron deficiency no other deficiency in micronutrients was documented consistently. In the following three months 10 more patients with a similar illness were seen in the same hospital. The growth retardation and testicular hypofunction in all these patients could not be explained on the basis of iron deficiency—these manifestations are not observed even in iron deficient animals. In animals, among the transitional elements known to have adverse effects …
Abstract 16040: Variable Morphology of P2 Flail in Degenerative MR: A 3D-Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Benjamin M Jackson, Arminder S Jassar, Thomas J Eperjesi, Chun Xu, J. Daniel Robb, Jiri Horak, Michael A Acker, Joseph H Gorman, Robert C Gorman
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objective: Degenerative mitral regurgitation is common and frequently addressed using mitral valve repair. Using intraoperative real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (rt-3DE) and specially developed software, we describe a high resolution, quantitative geometric model of human mitral valves with flail mid-posterior (P2) leaflet segments. Methods: Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) using a Philips ie33 ultrasound module and x7-2t rt-3DE probe was performed prior to surgical repair of degenerative mitral regurgitation in 15 patients with P2 flail. Images were imported to an offline workstation for analysis with Tomtec Echo-View. Fully 3D models of the annuli and leaflets under loaded conditions (midsystole) were created using custom Matlab algorithms. Anatomic regurgitant orifice (ARO) was traced by planimetry in the 3D rendered model of the mitral valve. Results: 3D models demonstrated significant heterogeneity in leaflet shape and regurgitant orifice (figure). Three distinct morp...
Immunologic dynamics in hemophiliac patients infected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus: influence of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Shouichi Yokozaki, Junki Takamatsu, Isao Nakano, Yoshiaki Katano, Hidenori Toyoda, Kazuhiko Hayashi, Tetsuo Hayakawa, Yoshihide Fukuda
Journal: Blood (2000)
Abstract 2251: Introduction of Troponin Increased the Number of Patients with a Discharge Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction but did not Change Overall Mortality: a Twelve-year Experience from a Tertiary Care Center.
Authors: Firas J Al Badarin, Reema Hasan, Michelle Jankawski, James McCord, Sanjaya Khanal
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Abstract 5660: Essential Role of Non-muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase in Hypoxia-induced Murine Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Liliana Moreno-Vinasco, Tamara Mirzapoiazova, Rafe Zaidi, Saad Sammani, Roberto Machado, Joe G Garcia
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction: The pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) phenotype shares several pathways involved in cancer pathobiology. We previously demonstrated that the multi-kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, ameliorates rodent PAH (Moreno-Vinasco et al 2008) with genomic signatures which strongly implicated the endothelial cell cytoskeleton in the development of PAH vascular remodeling including non-muscle caldesmon, Rho-kinase and both smooth muscle- and non-muscle myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) isoforms. We hypothesized that the acto-myosin machinery present within lung endothelium are critical to the development of PAH in a murine model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Methods: Wild type (WT) and genetically engineered mice with targeted deletion of the nmMLCK allele were exposed to normoxia, or to hypoxia and SU5416, a VEGFR-1,2 inhibitor that induces severe PH (3.5 weeks). WT and nmMLCK KO mice were assessed for hemodynamics and histopathology. Results: Hypoxia-SU5416 WT mice developed pulmonary artery phenotype with significant increases in diphosphorylated MLC levels (2-fold, no change in total MLC), increased mean right ventricular systolic pressures (RVSP) and hypertrophy (RV/LV+S) and increased hematocrit when compared to WT-normoxic controls. However, in response to hypoxia/SU, nmMLCK-KO mice displayed reduced pMLC, significant decreases in right ventricular hypertrophy (27.3% decrease), in RVSP (25% decrease) without changes in hematocrit. Histopathology indicates reduced peri-vascular infiltration and remodeling in the nmMLCK KO mice compared to WT controls. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with the notion that myosin light chains (MLC) are a canonical and downstream mediator of mechanical events underlying the actin-myosin interactions in lung endothelium during PH remodeling and nmMLCK is a potential therapeutic target in PAH-mediated remodeling.
Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: implications for therapy
Authors: P S Aisen, K L Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The purpose of this article is to review evidence that inflammatory and immune mechanisms are important in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and to suggest new treatment strategies.The authors review the English-language literature of the last 10 years pertaining to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.There is ample evidence supporting the hypothesis that inflammatory and immune mechanisms are involved in tissue destruction in Alzheimer's disease. Acute phase proteins are elevated in the serum and are deposited in amyloid plaques, activated microglial cells that stain for inflammatory cytokines accumulate around senile plaques, and complement components including the membrane attack complex are present around dystrophic neurites and neurofibrillary tangles.Clinical trials of anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive drugs are necessary to determine whether alteration of these inflammatory mechanisms can slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
A study of 28 flat bone osteosarcomas: Prognostic factors, early and long-term outcome
Authors: S. Salas, T. Huynh, J. Deville, R. Giorgi, G. Bollini, G. Curvale, J. Gentet, B. N. Bui, C. Bouvier, F. Duffaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

10517 Background: Flat bone osteosarcoma (FBOS), arising in flat bones of the craniofacial region, axial skeleton, appendicular skeleton, or small bones of the feet, are rare. Chemotherapy has been used increasingly, but patients with FBOS are excluded from clinical trials. Methods: 28 pediatric and adults patients with FBOS were treated in our institution from 1981 to 2005. We analysed prognostic factors, early and long-term outcome. Survival curves were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate adjusted hazards ratio and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: Three patients presented with lung metastases at diagnosis. The 25 remaining patients were treated with a curative intent. The patients received preoperative chemotherapy derived from T10 regimen or SFOP OS94 regimen. One patient developed metastasis after surgical treatment. Two patients presented progression after post operative chemotherapy. Nine patients presented a recurrence: 5 patients with a local recurrence, 3 patients with metastatic recurrence and 1 with local and metastatic recurrence. The overall survival rate at 5 years, and 10 years were respectively 52,4% and 22,9%. The event-free survival (EFS) rate at 5 years and 10 years were 41,5%. The factors influencing EFS in univariate analysis were the tumor localization (p=0.012), the synchronous metastases (p<0.001), the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p<0.001), the histologic response (p=0.02) and the adequate local tumor control (p=0.04). In univariate analysis, tumor localization (p=0.002), synchronous metastases (p<0.001), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p<0.001), histologic response (p=0.006) and local recurrence (p=0.008) were statistically correlated with overall survival. In multivariate analysis, synchronous metastases at diagnosis (p=0.007) remained statistically significant. Conclusions: Our results suggest a more favourable outcome of FBOS since the use of a treatment scheme based on the protocols for long bone osteosarcomas (LBOS) with a similar strategy: preoperative chemotherapy, radical surgery, and postoperative chemotherapy. An adequate local treatment seem to be paramount to ensure a better outcome. We may suggest to treat these patients as LBOS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Current practice with endoscopic submucosal dissection in Europe: position statement from a panel of experts
Authors: P. Deprez, J. Bergman, S. Meisner, T. Ponchon, A. Repici, M. Dinis-Ribeiro, J. Haringsma
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Correction to:Current practice with endoscopic submucosal dissection in Europe: position statement from a panel of expertsEndoscopy 2010; 42(10): 853-858DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255563
Abstract 5638: Autologous CD34+ Cell Therapy for Refractory Angina: 12 Month Results of the Phase II ACT34-CMI Study
Authors: Douglas W Losordo, Tim Henry, Richard A Schatz, Joon Sup Lee, Marco Costa, Theodore Bass, Gary Schaer, Alan Niederman, Farrell Mendelsohn, Charles Davidson, Ron Waksman, Peter A Soukas, Daniel Simon, Nicolas Chronos, F David Fortuin, Paul P Huang, Neal Weintraub, Alan Yeung, Kenneth Rosenfield, S Chiu Wong, Andrew Taussig, Amish N Rava, Warren Sherman, Dean Kereiakes, Robert K Strumpf, Steven Port, Karen Pieper, Peter X Adams, Robert Harrington
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Refractory angina(Ang) effects 150 –250,000 pts in the US alone. These individuals have exhausted options for revasc and continue to have lifestyle limiting ang despite optimal medical Rx. Pre-clinical studies provided evidence that human CD34+ cells(CD34) can stimulate new blood vessel formation in ischemic myocardium(Myo), improving perfusion and function. We performed a phase 2 study of intraMyo injection of autologous CD34 in pts with CCS Class 3 and 4 Ang to obtain evidence for feasibility, safety and bioactivity. Methods: A phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed at 26 centers in the United States. There were 3 treatment groups: placebo, low dose (1×10^5 CD34/kg body wt) and high dose (5×10^5 CD34/kg). All pts underwent mobilization with GCSF 5 mcg/kg/day SC for 5 d, followed by apheresis on d5 to collect mononuclear cells. On day 6 CD34 were purified from the collected cells using the Isolex 300i device. After lot release testing, CD34 were injected endocardially at 10 locations in the ischemic Myo using the Myostar catheter following NOGA mapping. Placebo injections consisted of identical volumes of the diluent only. Results: A total of 167 pts were randomized and completed the injection procedure and 162 completed the 6 mo evaluation. The mean age of subjects was 61.0±8.9, there were 22 female and 145 male subjects. Trop was elevated in 26 pts at baseline and in 71 at some point following GCSF or injection. At 6 mo CD34 treated pts showed more reduction in ang frequency (−8.6 placebo vs 14.2 low dose) and improved ETT time (+69 sec placebo vs. +138 low dose). At 12m CD34 treated continue to show more reduction in angina (−8.2 placebo vs. −15.0 low dose) and improved ETT (+58 sec placebo vs. + 139 sec low dose). For key endpoints the high dose group results were inferior to low dose. The 12m data set has been locked and is being analyzed and the results of the completed analysis will be presented. Conclusions: Autologous CD34 cell therapy was associated with improved exercise tolerance and reduced angina in no-option pts with intractable angina. Ongoing analysis will determine endpoints, sample size and suitability of this therapy for a phase III study in no-option pts with refractory angina.
Ishihara Tables
Authors: R. A. Weale
Journal: BMJ (1953)

The assessment of the quality of isochromatic tables can only be empirical.Since their principal use, however, is for the detection of grossly colour-defective individuals who, by confusing red and green, are a danger to, and endangered by, modern traffic, a merely superficial test may provide a sufficiently valid result.But when a detailed answer is desirable, as when a certain amount of colour confusion can be tolerated, it will be found that clear-cut answers are obtained but rarely.
What People Want to Know
Authors: Elizabeth Schroeder, Judy Kuriansky
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Volume 1 :Foreword Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Appendix Volume 2 Foreword Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Volume 3 :Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Appendix Volume 4 :Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Appendix
Sorafenib Versus Placebo in Addition to Standard Therapy in Younger Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results from 267 Patients Treated in the Randomized Placebo-Controlled SAL-Soraml Trial
Authors: Christoph Röllig, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Andreas Hüttmann, Richard Noppeney, Volker Kunzmann, Claudia D Baldus, Christian H. Brandts, Alwin Krämer, Kerstin Schäfer-Eckart, Andreas Neubauer, Stefan W. Krause, Aristoteles Giagounidis, Walter E. Aulitzky, Martin Bornhäuser, Markus Schaich, Stefani B Parmentier, Christian Thiede, Malte von Bonin, Johannes Schetelig, Michael Kramer, Hubert Serve, Wolfgang E Berdel, Gerhard Ehninger
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 2270: Preoperative Metabolic Therapy Improves Cardiac Surgical Outcomes: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Franklin L Rosenfeldt, Jee Y Leong, Salvatore Pepe, Juliana Van der Merwe, Donald S Esmore, Henry Krum
Journal: Circulation (2007)

In the current era the typical patient presenting for cardiac surgery is elderly with multiple co-morbidities. These high-risk patients contribute disproportionately to postoperative morbidity and mortality. We have shown that metabolic therapy with antioxidants such as coenzyme Q 10 (Co Q 10 ) and lipoic acid as well as energy substrate precursors such as orotate have protective effects on the stressed myocardium. We postulated that such therapy would reduce myocardial damage and improve post-operative recovery. Aim: To assess the effects of perioperative metabolic therapy on clinical and biochemical outcomes of cardiac surgery. Methods: Patients ( n =117), mean age 65 years, 74% male, undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or valve surgery were randomised to receive daily for a minimum of 2 weeks before, and 4 weeks after surgery, metabolic therapy consisting of CoQ 10 300mg, magnesium orotate 1.2g, alpha lipoic acid 300mg, fish oil 999 mg and selenium 200 μg or placebo. Results: In the whole group, metabolic therapy vs placebo was associated (multivariate analysis) with lower 24-hour postoperative plasma troponin I (1.44 ± 0.25 vs 2.65 ± 0.61 ug/L, p =0.003) and reduced postoperative hospital stay (6.9± 0.04 vs 8.1 ± 0.04 days, p =0.002). In CABG alone group (n=70), metabolic therapy reduced the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (23% vs 46%, p =0.04, multivariate analysis). Conclusions: Metabolic therapy before cardiac surgery is associated with: Reduced myocardial damage (troponin I release); Shortened postoperative hospital stay; Reduced incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in CABG patients. Clinical and economic benefits may be expected from general application of this therapy.
Abstract 4557: Validation of Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Volumes in Young Pediatric Patients with Complex Congenital Heart Disease: Comparison with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Mark K Friedberg, Xioahong Su, Wayne Tworetzky, Brian Soriano, Martin Hoch, Gerald R Marx
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Determination of left ventricular volumes (LVV) is essential for management of infants and small children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD), in particular left heart obstructive lesions. We compared 3-D echo (3DE) LVV in this population to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). We prospectively studied children ≤4 y undergoing clinical CMR. Full-volume, subcostal, 3DE data sets were obtained immediately after CMR under similar anesthetic conditions with a 2– 4-MHz matrix-array probe. Endocardial and epicardial borders were manually traced in sequential cross-sectional planes across a minimum of 6 disks. LVVs, mass, and ejection fraction (EF) were subsequently measured on dedicated software using summation of disc methodology. 35 children were studied, including 11 pts with severe LV hypoplasia, median age 7 mo., median weight 7 Kg. Mean vols, mass and EF by 3DE and CMR are shown in the table . LV diastolic vols and mass by 3DE correlated well with good agreement with MRI. 3DE systolic vols correlated well but were higher than MRI (Table , Fig ). EF was thus lower by 3DE. 3DE compares well with CMR for evaluation of LV diastolic volumes and mass in young pediatric patients. This will provide essential information to guide clinical management of pts with CHD, especially those with left heart obstructive disease.
The urinary excretion of estrogens and androgens by women with carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Maurice Ross, Ralph I. Dorfman
Journal: Cancer Research (1941)

In view of the evidence in the literature that estrogens may play a role in the etiology of mammary carcinoma (4) while androgens may have an inhibiting effect (2, 5, 7), it seemed desirable to determine the concentrations of these sex hormones in the urines of the patients suffering from this disease. Because of the possibility that the factors which produce malignant changes in cells may occur early and disappear before the tumor is detected clinically the study of relatively young patients, in whom the disease might possibly be more acute, appeared to be most likely to give positive results. Therefore, patients who were still menstruating were selected. Even such patients may have excreted large amounts of estrogens during the precancerous or early stages of the malignant tumor and may have ceased to do so at a later stage of the growth. For this reason, it was evident that failure to detect an increase in the urinary estrogen excretion would not rule out the hormone as an etiologic factor in human mammary cancer but would merely indicate that its excretion in abnormally high amounts is not necessary for the maintenance or progress of the disease. Since very large doses of testosterone are necessary to inhibit cancer in mice, it seemed doubtful that even a marked reduction in the urinary excretion of androgens might be significant. However, female mice in parabiosis with males developed no mammary tumors although 5 ~ per cent of the virgin females developed such tumors (6). The possibility that the continuous effect of small amounts of hormone might be as effective as the injection of massive doses at various intervals indicated the desirability of androgen assays.
Stereolithographic biomodeling to create tangible hard copies of cardiac structures from echocardiographic data
Authors: Thomas M Binder, Deddo Moertl, Gerald Mundigler, Gerhard Rehak, Manfred Franke, Georg Delle-Karth, Werner Mohl, Helmut Baumgartner, Gerald Maurer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Prognostic Significance Of ASXL1 and IDH Mutations inPhiladelphia Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Ipek Yonal, Aynur Daglar Aday, Aysegul Basak Akadam, Ceylan Yilmaz, Meliha Nalcaci, Akif Selim Yavuz, Fatma Deniz Sargin
Journal: Blood (2013)
Inadvertent Gastroileostomy
Authors: 周二 土屋
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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Abstract 15642: Physical Activity is Associated with Increased Coronary Flow Reserve while Decreasing Resting Myocardial Blood Flow
Authors: Cherie R Rooks, Tracy Faber, John Votaw, Emir Veledar, Jack Goldberg, Paolo Raggi, Arshed Quyyumi, J. Douglas Bremner, Viola Vaccarino
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background. Physical activity reduces the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), but to date the mechanisms remain unclear. One potential mechanism is by improving function of the coronary microvas...
Comparative Prediction of Cardiac Events by Wall Motion, Wall Motion Plus Coronary Flow Reserve, or Myocardial Perfusion Analysis
Authors: Nicola Gaibazzi, Fausto Rigo, Valentina Lorenzoni, Sabrina Molinaro, Francesco Bartolomucci, Claudio Reverberi, Thomas H. Marwick
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Abstract 11130: Oral Ingestion of Beetroot Juice Reduces Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity Via Enhancement of Nitric Oxide, Protein Kinase G and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2
Authors: Anindita Das, David E Durrant, Rakesh C Kukreja, Lei Xi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer and the cardiotoxicity of DOX remains a major problem. We recently reported protective effects of dietar...
RV Contractility and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Mountain Sickness
Authors: Lorenza Pratali, Yves Allemann, Stefano F. Rimoldi, Francesco Faita, Damian Hutter, Emrush Rexhaj, Roman Brenner, Damian M. Bailey, Claudio Sartori, Carlos Salinas Salmon, Mercedes Villena, Urs Scherrer, Eugenio Picano, Rosa Sicari
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)