Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk for All-Cause Mortality and Cardiometabolic Outcomes
Authors: Edward Giovannucci, Eric Rimm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Letters7 April 2020Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk for All-Cause Mortality and Cardiometabolic OutcomesEdward Giovannucci, MD, ScD and Eric Rimm, ScDEdward Giovannucci, MD, ScDHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G., E.R.) and Eric Rimm, ScDHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G., E.R.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L20-0069 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Zeraatkar and colleagues' systematic review on red meat intake (1) concluded that there was low- to very-low-certainty evidence that higher red meat intake was associated with various health outcomes. The authors assessed evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) criteria, which were mainly developed for evaluating evidence from drug trials. These criteria have 4 levels of certainty in evidence: very low, low, moderate, and high. Evidence from randomized controlled trials is initially classified as “high quality,” and evidence that includes observational data is initially classified as “low quality” (2). Other criteria, such as ...References1. Zeraatkar D, Han MA, Guyatt GH, et al. Red and processed meat consumption and risk for all-cause mortality and cardiometabolic outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Ann Intern Med. 2019;171:703-10. [PMID: 31569213] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Siemieniuk R, Guyatt G. What is GRADE? BMJ Best Practice. 2019. Accessed at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/info/us/toolkit/learn-ebm/what-is-grade on 23 October 2019. Google Scholar3. Katz DL, Karlsen MC, Chung M, et al. Hierarchies of Evidence Applied to Lifestyle Medicine (HEALM): introduction of a strength-of-evidence approach based on a methodological systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2019;19:178. [PMID: 31429718] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020. 8th ed. December 2015. Accessed at http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines on 23 October 2019. Google Scholar5. Hamblin J. The actual reason meat is not healthy: nutrition studies leave out a crucial factor. The Atlantic. 10 October 2019. Accessed at https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/10/meat-wars/599728 on 23 October 2019. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (E.G., E.R.)Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L20-0069. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRed and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk for All-Cause Mortality and Cardiometabolic Outcomes Dena Zeraatkar , Mi Ah Han , Gordon H. Guyatt , Robin W.M. Vernooij , Regina El Dib , Kevin Cheung , Kirolos Milio , Max Zworth , Jessica J. Bartoszko , Claudia Valli , Montserrat Rabassa , Yung Lee , Joanna Zajac , Anna Prokop-Dorner , Calvin Lo , Malgorzata M. Bala , Pablo Alonso-Coello , Steven E. Hanna , and Bradley C. Johnston Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Risk for All-Cause Mortality and Cardiometabolic Outcomes Dena Zeraatkar , Gordon H. Guyatt , Pablo Alonso-Coello , Malgorzata M. Bala , Montserrat Rabassa , Mi Ah Han , Robin W.M. Vernooij , Claudia Valli , Regina El Dib , and Bradley C. Johnston Metrics Cited byEfficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data 7 April 2020Volume 172, Issue 7Page: 510-511KeywordsDisclosureDrugsGrading of Recommendations Assessment Development and EvaluationLung and intrathoracic tumorsMeatMortalityPopulation statisticsRacial and ethnic issuesSleepSystematic reviews ePublished: 7 April 2020 Issue Published: 7 April 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...