tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Пути оптимизации лечебно-диагностической тактики у больных с неопухолевой обтурационной желтухой
Authors: V.P. Kryshen, D.Yu. Riazanov, V.Ye. Kudriavtseva, A.A. Poliudov, V.V. Zadorozhnyi, A.H. Ruban
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

Проанализированы результаты хирургического лечения 99 больных неопухолевой обтурационной желтухой. Проведена оценка изменений допплерометрии печеночного кровотока, показателей иммунитета, биохимических параметров. Исследования показали, что у больных, которым выполнялись мини-инвазивные одно-двухэтапные хирургические операции, наблюдалась наиболее благоприятная динамика восстановления показателей гомеостаза. Некоторые параметры печеночной гемодинамики оказывались более ранними и информативными признаками положительной динамики послеоперационного процесса, чем общеизвестные биохимические. Итогом работы стала разработка оптимальной тактической схемы диагностики и лечения обтурационной желтухи с приоритетом современных мини-инвазивных и видеоэндоскопических методов.
The Cardiologists’ Worst Nightmare: Sudden Death From “Benign” Ventricular Arrhythmias**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Sami Viskin, Charles Antzelevitch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Гемодинамічні зміни у хворих на хронічний панкреатит на фоні ішемічної хвороби серця
Authors: T.V. Myshanych, O.V. Sozoniuk, Ye.Y. Arkhii
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

Проведений аналіз результатів обстеження 120 пацієнтів із хронічним панкреатитом та ішемічною хворобою серця. Одночасно зі стандартним обстеженням цим пацієнтам проводилась доплерографія черевного відділу аорти та її вісцеральних гілок, а також правої плечової артерії.
Adipose tissue development and lipid metabolism in the human fetus: The 2020 perspective focusing on maternal diabetes and obesity
Authors: G. Desoye, E. Herrera
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2020)

During development, the human fetus accrues the highest proportion of fat of all mammals. Precursors of fat lobules can be found at week 14 of pregnancy. Thereafter, they expand, filling with triacylglycerols during pregnancy. The resultant mature lipid-filled adipocytes emerge from a developmental programme of embryonic stem cells, which is regulated differently than adult adipogenesis. Fetal triacylglycerol synthesis uses glycerol and fatty acids derived predominantly from glycolysis and lipogenesis in liver and adipocytes. The fatty acid composition of fetal adipose tissue at the end of pregnancy shows a preponderance of palmitic acid, and differs from the mother. Maternal diabetes mellitus does not influence this fatty acid profile. Glucose oxidation is the main source of energy for the fetus, but mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation also contributes. Indirect evidence suggests the presence of lipoprotein lipase in fetal adipose tissue. Its activity may be increased under hyperinsulinemic conditions as in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity, thereby contributing to increased triacylglycerol deposition found in the newborns of such pregnancies. Fetal lipolysis is low. Changes in the expression of genes controlling metabolism in fetal adipose tissue appear to contribute actively to the increased neonatal fat mass found in diabetes and obesity. Many of these processes are under endocrine regulation, principally by insulin, and show sex-differences. Novel fatty acid derived signals such as oxylipins are present in cord blood with as yet undiscovered function. Despite many decades of research on fetal lipid deposition and metabolism, many key questions await answers.
Interaction of two different disorders in the beta-globin gene cluster associated with an increased hemoglobin F production: a novel deletion type of (G) gamma + ((A) gamma delta beta)(0)-thalassemia and a delta(0)-hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin determinant
Authors: M Losekoot, R Fodde, EJ Gerritsen, I van de Kuit, A Schreuder, PC Giordano, JM Vossen, LF Bernini
Journal: Blood (1991)
The benefits of a systematic assessment of respiratory health in illness-susceptible athletes
Authors: James H. Hull, Anna R. Jackson, Craig Ranson, Freddie Brown, Moses Wootten, Mike Loosemore
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Respiratory tract illness is a leading cause of training and in-competition time loss in elite athletes. Asthma is known to be prevalent in athletes, but the coexistence of other respiratory problems in those deemed to be susceptible to respiratory tract illness is unknown. The aim of this study was to apply a comprehensive prospective approach to identify respiratory problems and explore relationships in athletes with heightened respiratory illness susceptibility. UK World Class Performance Programme athletes prospectively completed a systematic review of respiratory health with validated questionnaires and respiratory-focused investigations, including studies of nasal flow, exhaled nitric oxide, spirometry, bronchoprovocation testing and allergy testing. Systematic respiratory health assessment was completed by 122 athletes (55 females, mean± sd age 24±4 years). At least one respiratory health issue, requiring intervention, was identified in 97 (80%) athletes and at least two abnormalities were found in 73 (60%). Sinonasal problems were the most commonly identified problem (49%) and 22% of athletes had a positive indirect bronchoprovocation test. Analysis revealed two respiratory health clusters: 1) asthma, sinus problems and allergy; and 2) laryngeal and breathing pattern dysfunction. Respiratory illness susceptible athletes had 3.6±2.5 episodes in the year prior to assessment and were more likely to have allergy (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0–6.5), sinonasal problems (2.6, 1.1–6.0) and symptoms of laryngeal (5.4, 1.8–16.8) and breathing pattern dysfunction (3.9, 1.1–14.0) than nonsusceptible athletes (all p&lt;0.05). A systematic approach to respiratory assessment identifies a high prevalence and coexistence of multiple respiratory problems in illness-susceptible athletes.
Antenatal Glucocorticoids in Low-Resource Settings — Who, When, and Where?
Authors: Dwight J. Rouse, Jeffrey S.A. Stringer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

It has been known for decades that women who receive betamethasone or dexamethasone before preterm delivery have neonates who fare better than those of women who do not receive these agents. The earliest established effect of this glucocorticoid therapy was an acceleration in fetal lung maturation, with a marked decrease in the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Over time, additional benefits became evident, including decreased risks of intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, early neonatal infection, and death.1 Most evidence supporting the use of antenatal glucocorticoids comes from high-resource countries, where the neonatal benefits are accompanied by minimal risks to the . . .
Covid-19: Italian doctors are disciplined for anti-vaccination propaganda
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2020)

vaccination propaganda Michael DayAn Italian doctors association has warned or disciplined 10 medics for promoting anti-vaccination propaganda and is considering sanctions against three others who are accused of downplaying the gravity of covid-19.This comes amid growing concern that public scepticism over covid-19 vaccines could undermine Europe's fight against the coronavirus pandemic.
Ionizing radiation activates interferon-inducible Stat1-dependent pathway and leads to the formation of cross-resistance to irradiation and interferon.
Authors: Nikolai Khodarev, Andy Minn, Elena Efimova, Paul Roach, Thomas Darga, Eddy labay, Kai Bickenbach, Jula Veerapong, Bernard Roizman, Ralph Weichselbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

2172  Interferons can interact with ionizing radiation (IR) by sensitizing tumor cells to cytotoxic effects of irradiation. However, molecular mechanisms of this interaction remain unclear. We previously showed that in vivo selection of radiosensitive SCC61 xenografts by repetitive cycles of ionizing radiation leads to the formation of radioresistant tumor (nu61). Using expressional profiling we found that nu61 over-express specific patterns of genes which is over represented by interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and include Stat1-major trans-activator of ISGs (N.N.Khodarev et. al., PNAS USA, 2004, 101:1714).The objectives of this study were to characterize effects of ionizing irradiation (IR) on induction/activation of Stat1 and other factors involved in IFN signaling and consequences of constitutive activation of IFN/Stat1 pathway. We reporthere that IR led to up-regulation of Stat1 and IRF-7 in SCC-61 and nu61. However, IRF-1 was expressed and up-regulated only in SCC61. 24 hours after irradiation synthesis of IFN alpha and up-regulation of Stat1-dependent ISGs were detected. This demonstratestheability of ionizing radiation to activate anIFN-inducible, Stat1-dependent pathway. Interaction of ionizing radiation and IFN-inducible signaling on the level of Stat1 was confirmed by findings that IR can stabilize Tyr701 phosphorylation of Stat1, increasing combined cytotoxicity. Stat1-dependent cross-talk between IR-and IFN-induced pathways was also confirmed by in vitro selection of SCC-61 against IFN gamma and IFN alpha. Selected IFN resistant clones demonstratedover-expression of Stat1 and were radioresistant compared with parental SCC-61. Using B16 mouse melanoma sub-lines which were passed (B16F10) or not passed (B16F1) through immunocompetent animals we showed that adaptation of tumor clones to the host microenvironment is accompanied by formation of cross-resistance to IR and IFN. Taken together, these data show that Stat1-dependent pathways mediate response of tumors to IR. These data also suggest that host interferons may provide negative selection leading to formation of tumor clones with aggressive properties and cross-resistance to IFNs and genotoxic stress.
Decreased COVID-19 Mortality—A Cause for Optimism
Authors: Leon Boudourakis, Amit Uppal
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2020)

David A. Asch, MD, MBA; Natalie E. Sheils, PhD; Md Nazmul Islam, PhD, MBA; Yong Chen, PhD; Rachel M. Werner, MD, PhD; John Buresh, BS; Jalpa A. Doshi, PhD
A snapshot of exhaled nitric oxide and asthma characteristics: experience from high to low income countries
Authors: Patrizia Pignatti, Dina Visca, Stelios Loukides, Anne-Grete Märtson, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Antonio Spanevello
Journal: Pulmonology (2020)

Nitric oxide is a gas produced in the airways of asthmatic subjects and related to T2 inflammation. It can be measured as fractional nitric oxide (FeNO) in the exhaled air and used as a non-invasive, easy to evaluate, rapid marker. It is now widely used in many settings to determine airway inflammation. The aim of this narrative review is to report relationship between FeNO and the physiopathologic characteristics of asthmatic patients. Factors affecting FeNO levels have also been analysed as well as the impact of corticosteroid, target therapies and rehabilitation programs. Considering the availability of the test, spreading this methodology to low income countries has also been considered as a possibility for evaluating airway inflammation and monitoring adherence to inhaled corticosteroid therapy. PubMed data search has been performed restricted to English language papers. Research was limited to studies in adults unless studies in children were the only ones reported for a particular issue. This revision could be useful to summarize the role of FeNO in relation to asthma characteristics and help in the use of FeNO in different clinical settings particularly in low income countries.
Entorhinal and ventromedial prefrontal cortices abstract and generalize the structure of reinforcement learning problems
Authors: Alon Boaz Baram, Timothy Howard Muller, Hamed Nili, Mona Maria Garvert, Timothy Edward John Behrens
Journal: Neuron (2020)

Knowledge of the structure of a problem, such as relationships between stimuli, enables rapid learning and flexible inference. Humans and other animals can abstract this structural knowledge and generalize it to solve new problems. For example, in spatial reasoning, shortest-path inferences are immediate in new environments. Spatial structural transfer is mediated by cells in entorhinal and (in humans) medial prefrontal cortices, which maintain their co-activation structure across different environments and behavioral states. Here, using fMRI, we show that entorhinal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) representations perform a much broader role in generalizing the structure of problems. We introduce a task-remapping paradigm, where subjects solve multiple reinforcement learning (RL) problems differing in structural or sensory properties. We show that, as with space, entorhinal representations are preserved across different RL problems only if task structure is preserved. In vmPFC and ventral striatum, representations of prediction error also depend on task structure.
Do smartphone applications and activity trackers increase physical activity in adults? Systematic review, meta-analysis and metaregression
Authors: Liliana Laranjo, Ding Ding, Bruno Heleno, Baki Kocaballi, Juan C Quiroz, Huong Ly Tong, Bahia Chahwan, Ana Luisa Neves, Elia Gabarron, Kim Phuong Dao, David Rodrigues, Gisela Costa Neves, Maria L Antunes, Enrico Coiera, David W Bates
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Objective To determine the effectiveness of physical activity interventions involving mobile applications (apps) or trackers with automated and continuous self-monitoring and feedback. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed and seven additional databases, from 2007 to 2020. Study selection Randomised controlled trials in adults (18–65 years old) without chronic illness, testing a mobile app or an activity tracker, with any comparison, where the main outcome was a physical activity measure. Independent screening was conducted. Data extraction and synthesis We conducted random effects meta-analysis and all effect sizes were transformed into standardised difference in means (SDM). We conducted exploratory metaregression with continuous and discrete moderators identified as statistically significant in subgroup analyses. Main outcome measures Physical activity: daily step counts, min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, weekly days exercised, min/week of total physical activity, metabolic equivalents. Results Thirty-five studies met inclusion criteria and 28 were included in the meta-analysis (n=7454 participants, 28% women). The meta-analysis showed a small-to-moderate positive effect on physical activity measures (SDM 0.350, 95% CI 0.236 to 0.465, I 2 =69%, T 2 =0.051) corresponding to 1850 steps per day (95% CI 1247 to 2457). Interventions including text-messaging and personalisation features were significantly more effective in subgroup analyses and metaregression. Conclusion Interventions using apps or trackers seem to be effective in promoting physical activity. Longer studies are needed to assess the impact of different intervention components on long-term engagement and effectiveness.
COVID-19 Renal Pathology Protocols and Pathology Practice in Latin America: Analysis from GlomCon Latin America Working Group (LGlomCon)
Authors: Blanca Martinez-Chagolla, Denisse Arellano-Mendez, Diana Aguirre, Desiree Garcia Anton, Julio A. Gutierrez-Prieto, Sonia Rodriguez Ramirez, Javier Soto-Vargas, Franco H. Cabeza Rivera, Carmen Avila-Casado
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Background: A significant fraction of patients with COVID-19 display renal involvement (60%);however, the histological findings and pathology practice in Latin America (LA) have not been reported  The aim is to know how COVID-19 pandemic has affected the protocols for renal pathology and the main pathology findings in the kidney  Methods: An online survey with 75 questions in 6 sections, directed to pathologists, nephrologists and other specialists from 16 Spanish speaking LA countries treating COVID patients with kidney involvement  We are analyzing the impact of COVID-19 in renal pathology and pathology practice in LA  Results: From 430 responses, 360 (84%) were considered for analysis  Only13 participants from 16 countries were renal pathologists but the rest of responders also contributed with the pathology section  Only 10% is performing renal biopsies (RBx) of COVID-19 patients  Acute kidney injury (AKI) (85%) was the most frequent indication for RBx, hematuria-proteinuria (42%), nephrotic syndrome (28%) and subnephrotic proteinuria (21%)  Combination of AKI and other syndrome was seen  Handling fresh tissue for immunofluorescence (IF) is a regular practice in the centers that perform IF (66%)  No ultrastructural examination in 90% due to the lack of EM equipment  Postmortem studies only in 3% of the centers  Autopsy and biopsies shiwed thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), with acute tubular injury (ATI)  Pathology redeployment to clinical areas, ICU and inpatient care is seen in 12%  Only 70% of those received guidance or updating clinical courses  Conclusions: The survey has highlighted the deep shortage of renal pathologists and the lack of equipment (EM) compromising the best practice of renal pathology in LA  Protocols for tissue handling for COVID have not been established in any center, adding a burden to the practice  Most frequent indication for renal biopsy is AKI while the presence of TMA and ATI is found in autopsy and renal samples  Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) has a high prevalence in hispanics and has been described in COVID patients, however CG was not seen  Outbreaks had forzed pathology redeployment to clinical care without proper preparation
Associations Between the Severity of Influenza Seasons and Mortality and Readmission Risks After Elective Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Older Adults
Authors: Makoto Mori, Yun Wang, Shiwani Mahajan, Arnar Geirsson, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

This cross-sectional study uses Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services claims data to investigate associations between influenza season severity and mortality and readmission risks after elective surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) among older adults.
Dysregulated Dynein-Mediated Trafficking of Nephrin Causes INF2-related Podocytopathy
Authors: Hua Sun, Chandra Perez-Gill, Johannes S Schlöndorff, Balajikarthick Subramanian, Martin R. Pollak
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

Background FSGS caused by mutations in INF2 is characterized by a podocytopathy with mistrafficked nephrin, an essential component of the slit diaphragm. Because INF2 is a formin-type actin nucleator, research has focused on its actin-regulating function, providing an important but incomplete insight into how these mutations lead to podocytopathy. A yeast two-hybridization screen identified the interaction between INF2 and the dynein transport complex, suggesting a newly recognized role of INF2 in regulating dynein-mediated vesicular trafficking in podocytes. Methods Live cell and quantitative imaging, fluorescent and surface biotinylation-based trafficking assays in cultured podocytes, and a new puromycin aminoglycoside nephropathy model of INF2 transgenic mice were used to demonstrate altered dynein-mediated trafficking of nephrin in INF2 associated podocytopathy. Results Pathogenic INF2 mutations disrupt an interaction of INF2 with dynein light chain 1, a key dynein component. The best-studied mutation, R218Q, diverts dynein-mediated postendocytic sorting of nephrin from recycling endosomes to lysosomes for degradation. Antagonizing dynein-mediated transport can rescue this effect. Augmented dynein-mediated trafficking and degradation of nephrin underlies puromycin aminoglycoside-induced podocytopathy and FSGS in vivo . Conclusions INF2 mutations enhance dynein-mediated trafficking of nephrin to proteolytic pathways, diminishing its recycling required for maintaining slit diaphragm integrity. The recognition that dysregulated dynein-mediated transport of nephrin in R218Q knockin podocytes opens an avenue for developing targeted therapy for INF2-mediated FSGS.
Abstract 12688: Inhibition of Autosis Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Heart
Authors: Jihoon Nah, Peiyong Zhai, Alvaro Fernandez, Satvik Mareedu, Beth Levine, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Although autophagy is generally protective, uncontrolled or excessive activation of autophagy can be detrimental. Recent studies provided evidence that excessive autophagy induces cell death with c...
STING agonist promotes CAR T cell trafficking and persistence in breast cancer
Authors: Nuo Xu, Douglas C. Palmer, Alexander C. Robeson, Peishun Shou, Hemamalini Bommiasamy, Sonia J. Laurie, Caryn Willis, Gianpietro Dotti, Benjamin G. Vincent, Nicholas P. Restifo, Jonathan S. Serody
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2020)

CAR T therapy targeting solid tumors is restrained by limited infiltration and persistence of those cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we developed approaches to enhance the activity of CAR T cells using an orthotopic model of locally advanced breast cancer. CAR T cells generated from Th/Tc17 cells given with the STING agonists DMXAA or cGAMP greatly enhanced tumor control, which was associated with enhanced CAR T cell persistence in the TME. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that DMXAA promoted CAR T cell trafficking and persistence, supported by the generation of a chemokine milieu that promoted CAR T cell recruitment and modulation of the immunosuppressive TME through alterations in the balance of immune-stimulatory and suppressive myeloid cells. However, sustained tumor regression was accomplished only with the addition of anti-PD-1 and anti-GR-1 mAb to Th/Tc17 CAR T cell therapy given with STING agonists. This study provides new approaches to enhance adoptive T cell therapy in solid tumors.
Elevated NK-cell transcriptional signature and dysbalance of resting and activated NK cells in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Lena Möbus, Elke Rodriguez, Inken Harder, Agatha Schwarz, Ulrike Wehkamp, Dora Stölzl, Nicole Boraczynski, Sascha Gerdes, Thomas Litman, Andreas Kleinheinz, Susanne Abraham, Annice Heratizadeh, Christiane Handrick, Eva Haufe, Jochen Schmitt, Thomas Werfel, Stephan Weidinger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)