tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Point-of-care lung ultrasound assessment for risk stratification and therapy guiding in COVID-19 patients: a prospective noninterventional study
Authors: Jorge Rubio-Gracia, Ignacio Giménez-López, Vanesa Garcés-Horna, Daniel López-Delgado, Jose Luis Sierra-Monzón, Luis Martínez-Lostao, Claudia Josa-Laorden, Fernando Ruiz-Laiglesia, Juan Ignacio Pérez-Calvo, Silvia Crespo-Aznarez, Javier García-Lafuente, Natacha Peña Fresneda, Beatriz Amores Arriaga, Borja Gracia-Tello, Marta Sánchez-Marteles
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Background Lung ultrasound is feasible for assessing lung injury caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the prognostic meaning and time-line changes of lung injury assessed by lung ultrasound in COVID-19 hospitalised patients are unknown. Methods Prospective cohort study designed to analyse prognostic value of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 patients by using a quantitative scale (lung ultrasound Zaragoza (LUZ)-score) during the first 72 h after admission. The primary end-point was in-hospital death and/or admission to the intensive care unit. Total length of hospital stay, increase of oxygen flow and escalation of medical treatment during the first 72 h were secondary end-points. Results 130 patients were included in the final analysis; mean± sd age was 56.7±13.5 years. Median (interquartile range) time from the beginning of symptoms to admission was 6 (4–9) days. Lung injury assessed by LUZ-score did not differ during the first 72 h (21 (16–26) points at admission versus 20 (16–27) points at 72 h; p=0.183). In univariable logistic regression analysis, estimated arterial oxygen tension/inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio (PAFI) (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–0.99; p=0.027) and LUZ-score &gt;22 points (5.45, 1.42–20.90; p=0.013) were predictors for the primary end-point. Conclusions LUZ-score is an easy, simple and fast point-of-care ultrasound tool to identify patients with severe lung injury due to COVID-19, upon admission. Baseline score is predictive of severity along the whole period of hospitalisation. The score facilitates early implementation or intensification of treatment for COVID-19 infection. LUZ-score may be combined with clinical variables (as estimated by PAFI) to further refine risk stratification.
Viral Loads of SARS-CoV-2 in Young Children
Authors: Alexandro Guterres
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Addressing Racism in Medicine Requires Tackling the Broader Problem of Epistemic Injustice
Authors: Brandon del Pozo, Josiah D. Rich
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

This article refers to:Race, Power, and COVID-19: A Call for Advocacy within BioethicsRace Based Medicine, Colorblind Disease: How Racism in Medicine Harms Us AllRacism and Bioethics: The Myth of Color Blindness
COVID-19: a heavy toll on health-care workers
Authors: Sangeeta Mehta, Flavia Machado, Arthur Kwizera, Laurent Papazian, Marc Moss, Élie Azoulay, Margaret Herridge
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)

Although effective vaccines might soon be available and vaccination combined with other strategies will hopefully curb and eventually stop the COVID-19 pandemic, infections will probably continue to affect world populations for months to years.Evolving experience in the era of SARS-CoV-2 at lung transplantation centres around the world will provide guidance for developing best practices to deal with the threat that this novel virus poses to successful solid organ transplantation.
Landscape of extracellular vesicles in the tumour microenvironment: Interactions with stromal cells and with non-cell components, and impacts on metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and the emergence of therapeutic resistance
Authors: Daniel Xin Zhang, Luyen Tien Vu, Nur Nadiah Ismail, Minh T.N. Le, Andrew Grimson
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2021)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognised as a pivotal player in cell-cell communication, an attribute of EVs that derives from their ability to transport bioactive cargoes between cells, resulting in complex intercellular signalling mediated by EVs, which occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions. In the context of cancer, recent studies have demonstrated the versatile and crucial roles of EVs in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we revisit EV biology, and focus on EV-mediated interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells and neurons. In addition, we focus on recent reports indicating interactions between EVs and non-cell constituents within the TME, including the extracellular matrix. We also review and summarise the intricate cancer-associated network modulated by EVs, which promotes metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and therapeutic resistance in the TME. We aim to provide a comprehensive and updated landscape of EVs in the TME, focusing on oncogenesis, cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, together with our future perspectives on the field.
Increased adherence to controller medication maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Benjamin Theye, Leanne Kaye, Jared Nagano, Rahul Gondalia, Meredith Barrett, David Stempel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of medication adherence for those with asthma or COPD. A prior study demonstrated an initial increase in medication adherence among patients with asthma and COPD in March and April 2020, but it is unknown if this behavior persisted beyond the early months. Patients with self-reported asthma or COPD enrolled in a digital self-management platform, which included an electronic medication monitor (EMM) to capture the date and time of controller inhaler use, and a paired smartphone app providing feedback and medication reminders. Data was analyzed from January to May 2020 and assessed changes in mean controller medication adherence, defined as the mean number of puffs taken divided by the number of puffs prescribed per day, capped at 100%. 17,095 patients with asthma or COPD were included in the analysis (median age (IQR): 52 (38-62) years, 72% female, 82% asthma). Mean adherence in the last 7 days of January was 56.2%. Mean adherence for the last 7 days of each month from February to May were: 56.5%, 58.6%, 59.1%, and 59.4%, respectively. A larger proportion of patients maintained 75% or greater adherence for the last weeks of April and May (47.6% and 49.1%, respectively) compared to the first week of January (42.7%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with asthma and COPD initially increased
Scotland approves MS drug that was rejected in England and Wales
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2021)

A drug that can reduce the number of relapses suffered by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been approved for use in Scotland despite a provisional decision to reject it in England and Wales.

Ozanimod (Zeposia) is a daily tablet that has been shown in a two year clinical trial to reduce relapses by around 38% compared with an existing treatment, injectable β …
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring in preterm infants (REACT): an international, open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kathryn Beardsall, Lynn Thomson, Catherine Guy, Isabel Iglesias-Platas, Mirjam M van Weissenbruch, Simon Bond, Annabel Allison, Sungwook Kim, Stavros Petrou, Beatrice Pantaleo, Roman Hovorka, David Dunger, Zoltan Molnar, Sheula Barlow, Sharon Baugh, Kathryn Johnson, Lindsay Uryn, Collette Spencer, Maria Hubbard, Sateeshkumar Somisetty, Olaitan Adesiyan, Jogesh Kapadia, Yvonne Millar, Kalyana Gurusamy, Lindsay Bibb, Kathryn Jones, Richard Heaver, Priya Muthukumar, Amy Nichols, Mark Johnson, Jenny Pond, Philippa Crowley, Christie Mellish, Divyen D Shah, Mercy Abraham, Presillina Vincent, Suma Anil kumar, Angelina Iringan, Barbara Aninakwa, R A Dalangin-Chalmers, Annemieke de Lange
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2021)

Hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia are common in preterm infants and have been associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Interventions to reduce risk associated with these exposures are particularly challenging due to the infrequent measurement of blood glucose concentrations, with the potential of causing more harm instead of improving outcomes for these infants. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is widely used in adults and children with diabetes to improve glucose control, but has not been approved for use in neonates. The REACT trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CGM in preterm infants requiring intensive care.
Analysis Of COVID-19 In Adult Asthmatic Outpatients
Authors: Maria Somoza Alvarez, Ana MarÃa Prieto-Moreno Pfeifer, Isabel Torres Rojas, Maria Desamparados Cervera, Diana Perez-Alzate, Maria Vazquez de La Torre, Elisa Haroun-Diaz, Francisco Javier Ruano, Paula Lopez-Gonzalez, Natalia Blanca-Lopez, Gabriela Canto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the Infanta Leonor University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) was one of the most affected, assisting 2,968 COVID-19 patients (March-April 2020). Our aim was to analyse the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in adult asthmatic outpatients in our allergy unit. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were analysed by consulting the electronic medical records system for the previous year, as well as via telephone interview made by two allergists in May 2020. We included 217 patients (≥16 years old), from which 26 (12%) were probable and three confirmed COVID-19. Pneumonia was diagnosed in three patients from the probable group. Emergency assistance was required for 24% of them, and only one was admitted to hospital not needing intensive care. From the confirmed cases, two were diagnosed with pneumonia and only one admitted to hospital with no intensive care assistance. When comparing probable and confirmed cases with non-COVID-19 patients, we found an increase in the asthma control treatment (33% vs 1%, P <0.0001 respectively) and in β2-agonists (59% vs 3%, P <0.0001). Uncontrolled asthma was more frequent in patients with COVID-19 (30% vs 7%, P <0.0001). As all patients were recruited during the pollen season, we investigated allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, being similar in both groups (59% vs 57%, P = 0.812). In our study, adult asthmatic allergic outpatients do not seem to be at risk of developing severe COVID-19. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 causes mild asthma exacerbation which triggers the need for asthma control in these patients.
The lower inflection point of the static PxV curve (Pflex), may not predict "complete alveolar opening" in normal lungs
Authors: M. A. Gronauer, M. B. P. Amato, C. S. B. Valente, Vera Luiza Capelozzi, S. K. Kubo, R. S. Poggetti, Marisa Dolhnikoff, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro de Carvalho
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)
Association of Premenopausal Bilateral Oophorectomy With Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Nan Huo, Carin Y. Smith, Liliana Gazzuola Rocca, Walter A. Rocca, Michelle M. Mielke
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Restless legs syndrome is a common neurologic disorder that is more prevalent in women than in men, and it has been suggested that female hormones may be involved in the disorder's pathophysiology. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether women who underwent premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy were at increased risk of restless legs syndrome. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cohort study was performed using data from the Mayo Clinic Cohort Study of Oophorectomy and Aging–2 for a population in Olmsted County, Minnesota. There were 1653 women who underwent premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy before the age of 50 years for a benign indication between 1988 and 2007 and 1653 age-matched women (of same age plus or minus 1 year) in a reference group. Follow-up was conducted until the end of the study period (ie, December 31, 2014). Data were analyzed from January to July 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Undergoing bilateral oophorectomy, as shown in medical record documentation. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Diagnosis of restless legs syndrome, as defined using<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>(Fifth Edition) criteria, was recorded. <h3>Results</h3> Among 3306 women, the median (interquartile range) age at baseline was 44.0 (40.0-47.0) years. Women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy, compared with women who did not undergo this procedure, had a greater number of chronic conditions at the index date (eg, 300 women [18.1%] vs 171 women [10.3%] with ≥3 chronic conditions; overall<i>P</i> &lt; .001), were more likely to have obesity (576 women [34.8%] vs 442 women [27.1%]; overall<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and were more likely to have a history of anemia of any type (573 women [34.7%] vs 225 women [13.6%];<i>P</i> &lt; .001), iron deficiency anemia (347 women [21.0%] vs 135 women [8.2%];<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and restless legs syndrome before the index date (32 women [1.9%] vs 14 women [0.8%];<i>P</i> = .008). Women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy prior to natural menopause had a higher risk of restless legs syndrome after the index date compared with women in the reference group (120 diagnoses vs 74 diagnoses), with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.44 (95% CI, 1.08-1.92;<i>P</i> = .01). After stratification by indication for the bilateral oophorectomy, there was an increased risk of restless legs syndrome among women without a benign ovarian condition (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.03-2.25;<i>P</i> = .04) but not among women with a benign condition (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.80-1.96;<i>P</i> = .34). Treatment with estrogen therapy through the age of 46 years in women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy at younger ages was not associated with a difference in risk. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This cohort study found that risk of restless legs syndrome was increased among women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy prior to menopause, especially those without a benign ovarian indication.
Adverse Reactions and Anaphylactic Adverse Reactions Among Children Undergoing Milk Oral Immunotherapy (OIT)
Authors: Luca Delli Colli, Sofianne Gabrielli, Bruce Mazer, Danbing Ke, Christine McCusker, Liane Beaudette, Duncan Lejtenyi, Edmond Chan, Ingrid Baerg, Eyal Grunebaum, Philippe Begin, Ann Clarke, Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Mandatory Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine for Children?—Reply
Authors: Douglas J. Opel, Douglas S. Diekema, Lainie Friedman Ross
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Mandatory Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine for Children?To the Editor Opel et al 1 proposed 9 criteria to consider when evaluating when a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine should be mandatory in school immunization programs.Two of these criteria deserve further reflection.First, these authors believed that the most important criterion is to have evidence that the vaccine is safe for children, through data obtained in prelicensing trials and postlicensure studies that should show "an acceptable level of risk." 1 All of the 11 phase 3, placebo-controlled randomized trials included in the World Health Organization database 2 will be conducted in adults (Table ).It would be prudent to start phase 3 trials in children once there is enough 1-year safety data in adults.So, prelicensing data on 1-year safety (and efficacy) in children cannot be expected before 2023.Then, depending on how broad and fast vaccination uptake is with the licensed vaccine, 18 or more months will be needed to conclude the postlicensure studies.Second, these authors 1 believed that a COVID-19 vaccine should have "effectiveness comparable with that of other vace This is a phase 1/2/3 trial.f Recruitment (phase 1) started on April 29, 2020; the registry does not report whether phase 3 recruitment has already started.
Exogenous and Endogenous Sources of Serine Contribute to Colon Cancer Metabolism, Growth, and Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: David C. Montrose, Suchandrima Saha, Miguel Foronda, Erin M. McNally, Justin Chen, Xi Kathy Zhou, Taehoon Ha, Jan Krumsiek, Mustafa Buyukozkan, Akanksha Verma, Olivier Elemento, Rhonda K. Yantiss, Qiuying Chen, Steven S. Gross, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Lukas E. Dow, Andrew J. Dannenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Serine is a nonessential amino acid generated by the sequential actions of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT1), and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH). Increased serine biosynthesis occurs in several cancers and supports tumor growth. In addition, cancer cells can harness exogenous serine to enhance their metabolism and proliferation. Here we tested the relative contributions of exogenous and endogenous sources of serine on the biology of colorectal cancer. In murine tumors, Apc status was identified as a determinant of the expression of genes controlling serine synthesis. In patient samples, PSAT1 was overexpressed in both colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Combining genetic deletion of PSAT1 with exogenous serine deprivation maximally suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and induced profound metabolic defects including diminished nucleotide production. Inhibition of serine synthesis enhanced the transcriptional changes following exogenous serine removal as well as alterations associated with DNA damage. Both loss of PSAT1 and removal of serine from the diet were necessary to suppress colorectal cancer xenograft growth and enhance the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Restricting endogenous and exogenous serine in vitro augmented 5-FU–induced cell death, DNA damage, and metabolic perturbations, likely accounting for the observed antitumor effect. Collectively, our results suggest that both endogenous and exogenous sources of serine contribute to colorectal cancer growth and resistance to 5-FU. Significance: These findings provide insights into the metabolic requirements of colorectal cancer and reveal a novel approach for its treatment.
Adjuvant Targeted Therapy for Patients With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mutant Lung Cancer
Authors: Nathan A. Pennell
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Factors associated with tolerating double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge in school-aged children
Authors: Sofianne Gabrielli, Bruce Mazer, Danbing Ke, Christine McCusker, Michelle Le, Lydia Zhang, Liane Beaudette, Duncan Lejtenyi, Edmond Chan, Ingrid Baerg, Julia Upton, Eyal Grunebaum, Ann Clarke, Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Emerging nanomedicine-based therapeutics for hematogenous metastatic cascade inhibition: Interfering with the crosstalk between “seed and soil”
Authors: Junyu Wu, Yang Long, Man Li, Qin He
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Despite considerable progresses in cancer treatment, tumor metastasis is still a thorny issue, which leads to majority of cancer-related deaths. In hematogenous metastasis, the concept of "seed and soil" suggests that the crosstalk between cancer cells (seeds) and premetastatic niche (soil) facilitates tumor metastasis. Considerable efforts have been dedicated to inhibit the tumor metastatic cascade, which is a highly complicated process involving various pathways and biological events. Nonetheless, satisfactory therapeutic outcomes are rarely observed, since it is a great challenge to thwart this multi-phase process. Recent advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have shown great potential in the field of anti-metastasis, especially compared with conventional treatment methods, which are limited by serious side effects and poor efficacy. In this review, we summarized various factors involved in each phase of the metastatic cascade ranging from the metastasis initiation to colonization. Then we reviewed current approaches of targeting these factors to stifle the metastatic cascade, including modulating primary tumor microenvironment, targeting circulating tumor cells, regulating premetastatic niche and eliminating established metastasis. Additionally, we highlighted the multi-phase targeted drug delivery systems, which hold a better chance to inhibit metastasis. Besides, we demonstrated the limitation and future perspectives of nanomedicine-based anti-metastasis strategies.