tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Periodontal microorganisms and Alzheimer disease – A causative relationship?
Authors: Gert Jungbauer, Alexandra Stähli, Xilei Zhu, Lavinia Auber Alberi, Anton Sculean, Sigrun Eick
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)

Abstract In the initiation or exacerbation of Alzheimer disease, the dissemination of oral microorganisms into the brain tissue or the low‐level systemic inflammation have been speculated to play a role. However, the impact of oral microorganisms, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis , on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and the potential causative relationship is still unclear. The present review has critically reviewed the literature by examining the following aspects: (a) the oral microbiome and the immune response in the elderly population, (b) human studies on the association between periodontal and gut microorganisms and Alzheimer disease, (c) animal and in vitro studies on microorganisms and Alzheimer disease, and (d) preventive and therapeutic approaches. Factors contributing to microbial dysbiosis seem to be aging, local inflammation, systemic diseases, wearing of dentures, living in nursing homes and no access to adequate oral hygiene measures. Porphyromonas gingivalis was detectable in post‐mortem brain samples. Microbiome analyses of saliva samples or oral biofilms showed a decreased microbial diversity and a different composition in Alzheimer disease compared to cognitively healthy subjects. Many in‐vitro and animal studies underline the potential of P gingivalis to induce Alzheimer disease‐related alterations. In animal models, recurring applications of P gingivalis or its components increased pro‐inflammatory mediators and β‐amyloid in the brain and deteriorated the animals' cognitive performance. Since periodontitis is the result of a disturbed microbial homoeostasis, an effect of periodontal therapy on the oral microbiome and host response related to cognitive parameters may be suggested and should be elucidated in further clinical trials.
Shedding Light on Fat Dependence in AML
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Scientists have begun unraveling the molecular intricacies that drive the appetite of acute myeloid leukemia for fat. They found that these tumor cells have particularly low levels of PHD3, an enzyme that normally activates ACC2 to repress fatty-acid oxidation. This fuels the cells' metabolic reliance on fat-burning, but also renders them highly susceptible to inhibitors of fatty-acid oxidation.
Endoscopic follow-up of low-grade precancerous bronchial lesions in high-risk patients: long-term results of the SELEPREBB randomised multicentre trial
Authors: Florian Guisier, Gaëtan Deslee, Philippe Birembaut, Bruno Escarguel, Françoise Chapel, Suzanna Bota, Josette Métayer, Samy Lachkar, Frédérique Capron, Jean Paul Homasson, Marc Taulelle, Marie Quintana, Christophe Raspaud, Daniel Messelet, Jonathan Benzaquen, Paul Hofman, Jamal Baddredine, Christophe Paris, Valérie Cales, Philippe Laurent, Jean-Michel Vignaud, Olivier Ménard, Marie-Christine Copin, Philippe Ramon, Brigitte Bouchindhomme, Jean-Yves Tavernier, Isabelle Quintin, Jean-Jacques Quiot, Françoise Galateau-Sallé, Gérard Zalcman, Nicolas Piton, Luc Thiberville
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

Background 3–9% of low-grade preinvasive bronchial lesions progress to cancer. This study assessed the usefulness of an intensive bronchoscopy surveillance strategy in patients with bronchial lesions up to moderate squamous dysplasia. Methods SELEPREBB (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00213603 ) was a randomised study conducted in 17 French centres. After baseline lung computed tomography (CT) and autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) to exclude lung cancer and bronchial severe squamous dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (CIS), patients were assigned to standard surveillance (arm A) with CT and AFB at 36 months or to intensive surveillance (arm B) with AFB every 6 months. Further long-term data were obtained with a median follow-up of 4.7 years. Results 364 patients were randomised (A: 180, B: 184). 27 patients developed invasive lung cancer and two developed persistent CIS during the study, with no difference between arms (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.20–1.96, p=0.42). Mild or moderate dysplasia at baseline bronchoscopy was a significant lung cancer risk factor both at 3 years (8 of 74 patients, OR 6.9, 95% CI 2.5–18.9, p&lt;0.001) and at maximum follow-up (16 of 74 patients, OR 5.9, 95% CI 2.9–12.0, p&lt;0.001). Smoking cessation was significantly associated with clearance of bronchial dysplasia on follow-up (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.01–0.66, p=0.005) and with a reduced risk of lung cancer at 5 years (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.003–0.99, p=0.04). Conclusion Patients with mild or moderate dysplasia are at very high risk for lung cancer at 5 years, with smoking cessation significantly reducing the risk. Whereas intensive bronchoscopy surveillance does not improve patient outcomes, the identification of bronchial dysplasia using initial bronchoscopy maybe useful for risk stratification strategies in lung cancer screening programmes.
Dapagliflozin Impairs the Suppression of Endogenous Glucose Production in Type 2 Diabetes Following Oral Glucose
Authors: Mariam Alatrach, Christina Agyin, Carolina Solis-Herrera, Olga Lavryneko, John Adams, Amalia Gastaldelli, Curtis Triplitt, Ralph A. DeFronzo, Eugenio Cersosimo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

To examine the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on endogenous glucose production (EGP) in patients with type 2 diabetes after an oral glucose load.
Incompatible with Antipyrine.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

—The salicylate of sodium and antipyrine form a mixture from which an oily substance separates. The same is true of chloral hydrate. With beta-naphthol, antipyrine becomes hygroscopic. These changes take place when dry trituration of the respective substances is undertaken. Thequotation, "Who shall decide when doctors disagree and soundest casuists doubt like you and me," was written by<i>Alexander Pope, Moral Essays, Epistle 3, line 1</i>. The original did not apply to doctors of medicine, but to doctors of philosophy. Yours, J. B. H.
Hereditary Coproporphyria
Authors: H. Berger, A. Goldberg
Journal: BMJ (1955)

INCIDENCE OF RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA BDIRff 85 of the same birth weights born in hospital or transferred there within two months of birth.Both measures show a considerable variation between different parts of the country (Table V).The experience of the Midlands region was the most favourable (all infants 0.89%, "hospital" infants 1.04%), and the highest incidence occurred in the North- western region (all infants 2.74%, "hospital" infants 3.07%).Neither of these crude measures of incidence makes any allowance for possible differences in the sex and birth-weight distribution of infant populations in the different regions.The pattern of variation displayed by the crude rates can, however, be confirmed by a measure of incidence which makes adjustment for such differences.Thus the sex and birth-weight specific incidence rates for the whole country (" hospital " infants) were applied to the " hospital " infants of each region to give the number of infants " expected" to have developed the disease had there been no regional variation.Expressing the number of cases observed as a proportion of the " expected" number provides an index making appropriate allowance for differing sex and birth- weight distributions of the populations (Table VI).The wide TABLE VI.-Incidence in Each Region Compared with Incidence in England and Wales as a Whole (Based on Infants Born in or Transferred to Hospital or Nursing-home Within Two Months) Region Relation Between Incidence Region and that of All E. and W.;, Midlands .52°/lower East and West Ridings 43 , London .25%,Easternm.16 Southern.14% Northern .6%North Midlands .2%South-easter .16%higher
First-trimester exposure to benzodiazepines and risk of congenital malformations in offspring: A population-based cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Yunha Noh, Hyesung Lee, Ahhyung Choi, Jun Soo Kwon, Seung-Ah Choe, Jungmi Chae, Dong-Sook Kim, Ju-Young Shin
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2022)

Background Benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed during pregnancy; however, evidence about possible teratogenicity is equivocal. We aimed to evaluate the association between first-trimester benzodiazepine use and the risk of major congenital malformations. Methods and findings Using Korea’s nationwide healthcare database, we conducted a population-based cohort study of women who gave birth during 2011 to 2018 and their live-born infants. The exposure was defined as one or more benzodiazepine prescriptions during the first trimester. We determined the relative risks (RRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of overall congenital malformations and 12 types of organ-specific malformations. Infants were followed from birth to death or 31 December 2019, whichever came first (up to 8 years of age). Propensity score fine stratification was employed to control for 45 potential confounders. Among a total of 3,094,227 pregnancies, 40,846 (1.3%) were exposed to benzodiazepines during the first trimester (mean [SD] age, 32.4 [4.1] years). The absolute risk of overall malformations was 65.3 per 1,000 pregnancies exposed to benzodiazepines versus 51.4 per 1,000 unexposed pregnancies. The adjusted RR was 1.09 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.13, p &lt; 0.001) for overall malformations and 1.15 (1.10 to 1.21, p &lt; 0.001) for heart defects. Based on mean daily lorazepam-equivalent doses, the adjusted RRs for overall malformations and heart defects were 1.05 (0.99 to 1.12, p = 0.077) and 1.12 (1.04 to 1.21, p = 0.004) for &lt;1 mg/day and 1.26 (1.17 to 1.36, p &lt; 0.001) and 1.31 (1.19 to 1.45, p &lt; 0.001) for &gt;2.5 mg/day doses, respectively, suggesting a dose–response relationship. A small but significant increase in risk for overall and heart defects was detected with several specific agents (range of adjusted RRs: 1.08 to 2.43). The findings were robust across all sensitivity analyses, and negative control analyses revealed a null association. Study limitations include possible exposure misclassification, residual confounding, and restriction to live births. Conclusions In this large nationwide cohort study, we found that first-trimester benzodiazepine exposure was associated with a small increased risk of overall malformations and heart defects, particularly at the higher daily dose. The absolute risks and population attributable fractions were modest. The benefits of benzodiazepines for their major indications must be considered despite the potential risks; if their use is necessary, the lowest effective dosage should be prescribed to minimize the risk. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04856436 .
Targeting autophagy, oxidative stress, and ER stress for neurodegenerative disease treatment
Authors: Yasaman Esmaeili, Zahra Yarjanli, Fatemeh Pakniya, Elham Bidram, Marek J. Łos, Mehdi Eshraghi, Daniel J. Klionsky, Saeid Ghavami, Ali Zarrabi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)
Editorial freedom. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.
Authors: Edward Huth, George Lundberg, Ian Munro, Magne Nylenna, Norske Laegeforening, Arnold Relman
Journal: BMJ (1988)

management, and outcomefor 101 patients with continence seen only by the community nurses (figures are numbers ofpatients) Outcome Primary reason for incontinence Treatment Cured Improved
Clinically Amyopathic Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Harrison Shawa, David G. Cotter
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

This case report describes ragged cuticles; flat-topped pink papules overlying the bilateral metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints that were consistent with Gottron papules; and a spontaneous skin ulceration on the right knee.
Molecular and Clinical Outcomes After Intravenous Gentamicin Treatment for Patients With Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa Caused by Nonsense Variants
Authors: Daniel Mosallaei, Michelle Hao, Richard J. Antaya, Brandon Levian, Andrew Kwong, Jon Cogan, Claire Hamilton, Agnes Schwieger-Briel, Calvin Tan, Xin Tang, David T. Woodley, Mei Chen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is an incurable blistering skin disorder with high infant mortality often caused by nonsense variants in the genes that encode laminin 332.To evaluate the safety and outcomes following intravenous gentamicin readthrough therapy and subsequent laminin 332 expression in patients with JEB.This open-label, pilot nonrandomized clinical trial assessed 1 course of low- or high-dose intravenous gentamicin, including follow-up at 30 and 90 days after treatment. Five pediatric patients with JEB (2 with intermediate JEB and 3 with severe JEB) and confirmed nonsense variants in LAMA3 or LAMB3 in 1 or 2 alleles and decreased expression of laminin 332 at the dermal-epidermal junction of their skin participated in the study, which was performed at a single institution in collaboration with physicians and home infusion services near the patients from April 1, 2019, to February 28, 2021, with follow-up until May 31, 2021.Three patients received gentamicin at 7.5 mg/kg daily for 14 days, and 2 patients received gentamicin at 10 mg/kg daily for 24 days.Primary outcomes were change in expression of laminin 332 in patients' skin and assessments for safety (ototoxic effects, nephrotoxic effects, and autoimmune response). Secondary outcomes included wound healing in monitored wounds and Epidermolysis Bullosa Disease Activity and Scarring Index (EBDASI) score.After gentamicin treatment, all 5 patients (age range, 3 months to 10 years, 4 [80%] female) exhibited increased laminin 332 in the dermal-epidermal junction. By 1 month, 7 of 9 wounds in patients receiving low-dose intravenous gentamicin and all wounds in patients receiving high-dose intravenous gentamicin exhibited at least 50% wound closure. By 3 months, 8 of 9 wounds in patients receiving low-dose gentamicin and all wounds in patients receiving high-dose intravenous gentamicin exhibited greater than 85% closure. All 3 patients who were evaluated with EBDASI showed a decrease in total activity scores that met minimal clinically important differences 1 month after treatment. All 5 patients completed the study, and no ototoxic effects, nephrotoxic effects, or anti-laminin 332 antibodies were detected.In this nonrandomized clinical trial, intravenous gentamicin therapy was associated with induced readthrough of nonsense variants in patients with JEB, restored functional laminin 332 in their skin, and wound closure during the 3-month study period. Although long-term safety and efficacy requires further evaluation, a single cycle of intravenous gentamicin may be a safe and readily available therapy in the short term for this population of patients with JEB.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03526159 and NCT04140786.
Fertility preservation for female patients with childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer: recommendations from the PanCareLIFE Consortium and the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group
Authors: Renée L Mulder, Anna Font-Gonzalez, Melissa M Hudson, Hanneke M van Santen, Erik A H Loeffen, Karen C Burns, Gwendolyn P Quinn, Eline van Dulmen-den Broeder, Julianne Byrne, Riccardo Haupt, W Hamish Wallace, Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Antoinette Anazodo, Richard A Anderson, Anke Barnbrock, Joern D Beck, Annelies M E Bos, Isabelle Demeestere, Christian Denzer, Natascia Di Iorgi, Holly R Hoefgen, Rejin Kebudi, Cornelis Lambalk, Thorsten Langer, Lillian R Meacham, Kenny Rodriguez-Wallberg, Catharyn Stern, Eveline Stutz-Grunder, Wendy van Dorp, Margreet Veening, Saskia Veldkamp, Eline van der Meulen, Louis S Constine, Lisa B Kenney, Marianne D van de Wetering, Leontien C M Kremer, Jennifer Levine, Wim J E Tissing, Claire Berger, Tamara Diesch, Uta Dirksen, Jill Ginsberg, Aleksander Giwercman, Desiree Grabow, Clarisa Gracia, Sarah E Hunter, Julia Inthorn, Peter Kaatsch, Joanne F Kelvin, James L Klosky, Joop S E Laven, Barbara A Lockart, Sebastian JCMM Neggers, Norbert W Paul, Michelle Peate, Bob Phillips, Damon R Reed, Eva Maria E Tinner, Marleen van den Berg, Chris Verhaak
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2021)
Corneal disease.
Authors: J E Cairns
Journal: BMJ (1970)

There is abundant evidence of the close interrelation between the induction and inhibition of seizure activity and the patient9s thoughts, feelings and behaviour. The detailed knowledge that we now have of the epileptic focus and the way that it is connected to the surrounding cerebral mechanisms, makes it possible for many patients with focal epilepsy to establish a significant degree of seizure control by altering their thinking and behaviour.
Die Pfeilgifte.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Until this book appeared, there was no exhaustive, assembled work on the arrow poisons. The information was meager and widely scattered through the literature in various languages. Lewin has considered the traditions of savage and semicivilized tribes, has searched the historical records of ancient peoples who are known or are supposed to have used arrow poisons, and has critically reviewed the modern accounts relating to the subject. The result is a treatise that will probably remain the authority in the field for a generation. Most savage tribes of the present day make use of poisoned arrows in war, and some employ them for capturing game and fish. Nearly every severely toxic plant, and the secretions of the most venomous animals, have been used as arrow poisons. In this work the arrow poisons are considered by continents and their geographic subdivision groups, such as Borneo, India and the Malay peninsula. The
Clinical Lecture on some Varieties of Nervous Headache
Authors: W. H. Day
Journal: BMJ (1881)

The most common form of disease of the vertebrae is the strumous, with angular curvature, and often with lumbar or psoas abscess.The bones of the spine, too, are sometimes the seat of malignant disease.The spinal cord and its membranes may become secondarily implicated in cases of primary disease or injury of their bony sheath, but more frequently disease of the cord and its coverings is unconnected with disease of the vertebra.In cases of .spinalmeningitis, there is, as a rule, more pain in the back than when the substance of the cord is alone affected.The pain is usually increased by movement, by percussion on the spine over the seat of disease, and by hot applications to the surface.The pain is often referred to the extremities of the nerves which pass out from the part affected, and is commonly associated with numbness, a sense of tingling, and other perverted sensations.A sense of constriction across the chest is a frequent symptom.
Spontaneous tumor regression following COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Luana Guimaraes de Sousa, Daniel J McGrail, Kaiyi Li, Mario L Marques-Piubelli, Cipriano Gonzalez, Hui Dai, Sammy Ferri-Borgogno, Myrna Godoy, Jared Burks, Shiaw-Yih Lin, Diana Bell, Renata Ferrarotto
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Vaccination against COVID-19 is critical for immuno-compromised individuals, including patients with cancer. Systemic reactogenicity, a manifestation of the innate immune response to vaccines, occurs in up to 69% of patients following vaccination with RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. Tumor regression can occur following an intense immune-inflammatory response and novel strategies to treat cancer rely on manipulating the host immune system. Here, we report spontaneous regression of metastatic salivary gland myoepithelial carcinoma in a patient who experienced grade 3 systemic reactogenicity, following vaccination with the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine. Histological and immunophenotypic inspection of the postvaccination lung biopsy specimens showed a massive inflammatory infiltrate with scant embedded tumor clusters (&lt;5%). Highly multiplexed imaging mass cytometry showed that the postvaccination lung metastasis samples had remarkable immune cell infiltration, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, which contrasted with very low levels of these cells in the prevaccination primary tumor and lung metastasis samples. CT scans obtained 3, 6, and 9 months after the second vaccine dose demonstrated persistent tumor shrinkage (50%, 67%, and 73% reduction, respectively), suggesting that vaccination stimulated anticancer immunity. Insight: This case suggests that the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine stimulated anticancer immunity and tumor regression.
Error in Figure 3
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Andrea B. Troxel, ScD; Eva Petkova, PhD; Keith Goldfeld, DrPH; Mengling Liu, PhD; Thaddeus Tarpey, PhD; Yinxiang Wu, MA; Danni Wu, MS; Anup Agarwal, MD; Cristina Avendaño-Solá, MD; Emma Bainbridge, MD, MPH; Katherine J. Bar, MD; Timothy Devos, MD, PhD; Rafael F. Duarte, MD, PhD; Arvind Gharbharan, MD; Priscilla Y. Hsue, MD; Gunjan Kumar, MD; Annie F. Luetkemeyer, MD; Geert Meyfroidt, MD, PhD; André M. Nicola, MD, PhD; Aparna Mukherjee, MD, PhD; Mila B. Ortigoza, MD, PhD; Liise-anne Pirofski, MD; Bart J. A. Rijnders, MD, PhD; Casper Rokx, MD, PhD; Arantxa Sancho-Lopez, MD; Pamela Shaw, PhD; Pablo Tebas, MD; Hyun-Ah Yoon, MD; Corita Grudzen, MD; Judith Hochman, MD; Elliott M. Antman, MD
Transparency and Variability in Pricing for Pediatric Outpatient Imaging in US Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Shireen E. Hayatghaibi, Vinicius V. Alves, Rama S. Ayyala, Jonathan R. Dillman, Andrew T. Trout
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

a Mean charge includes 81 hospitals that published charges.b Minimum negotiated price is the mean of minimum payer negotiated rate taken for the included hospitals.c Maximum
A regulator’s view on AIT clinical trials in the United States and Europe: Why successful studies fail to support licensure
Authors: Andreas Bonertz, Anubha Tripathi, Julia Zimmer, Christina Reeb, Susanne Kaul, Jennifer Bridgewater, Ronald L. Rabin, Jay E. Slater, Stefan Vieths
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Immunization with an adjuvant hepatitis B vaccine after liver transplantation for hepatitis B-related disease
Authors: Ulrich Bienzle, Matthias Günther, Ruth Neuhaus, Pierre Vandepapeliere, Jens Vollmar, Andreas Lun, Peter Neuhaus
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Patients who undergo transplantation for hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related diseases are treated indefinitely with hepatitis B hyperimmunoglobulin (HBIG) to prevent endogenous HBV reinfection of the graft. Active immunization with standard hepatitis B vaccines in these patients has recently been reported with conflicting results. Two groups of 10 liver transplant recipients on continuous HBIG substitution who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and HBV DNA negative before transplantation were immunized in a phase I study with different concentrations of hepatitis B s antigen formulated with the new adjuvants 3–deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and Quillaja saponaria (QS21) (group I/vaccine A: 20 μg HBsAg, 50 μg MPL, 50 μg QS21; group II/vaccine B: 100 μg HBsAg, 100 μg MPL, 100 μg QS21). Participants remained on HBIG prophylaxis and were vaccinated at weeks 0, 2, 4, 16, and 18. They received 3 additional doses of vaccine B at bimonthly intervals if they did not reach an antibody titer against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti–HBs) greater than 500 IU/L. Sixteen (8 in each group) of 20 patients (80%) responded (group I: median, 7,293 IU/L; range, 721-45,811 IU/L anti–HBs; group II: median, 44,549 IU/L; range, 900-83, 121 IU/L anti–HBs) and discontinued HBIG. They were followed up for a median of 13.5 months (range, 6-22 months). The vaccine was well tolerated. In conclusion, most patients immunized with the new vaccine can stop HBIG immunoprophylaxis for a substantial, yet to be determined period of time. (Hepatology 2003;38:811-819).