tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Melanoma differentiation—Associated gene 5 protects against NASH in mice
Authors: Xin Zhang, Hailong Yang, Shan Zeng, Song Tian, Sha Hu, Ling Yang, Tengfei Ma, Zhen Liu, Juan Wan, Yiming Zhong, Hongliang Li
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Abstract Background and Aims NASH is a complicated disease characterized by hepatocyte steatosis, inflammation infiltration, and liver fibrosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that the innate immunity plays a key role in NASH progression. Here, we aimed to reveal the role of melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5, also known as Ifih1), a conventional innate immune regulator following viral infection, in the progression of NASH and investigate its underlying mechanism. Approach and Results We first examined the expression of MDA5 and found that MDA5 was markedly down‐regulated in the livers with NASH in human individuals and mice models. MDA5 overexpression significantly inhibits the free fatty acid–induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in hepatocyte in vitro, whereas MDA5 knockdown promotes hepatocyte lipotoxicity. Using hepatocyte‐specific Mda5 gene knockout and transgenic mice, we found that diet‐induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and liver fibrosis were markedly exacerbated by Mda5 deficiency but suppressed by Mda5 overexpression. Mechanistically, we found that the activation of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)–mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway was significantly inhibited by MDA5 but enhanced by MDA5 deletion. We further validated that MDA5 directly interacted with ASK1 and suppressed its N‐terminal dimerization. Importantly, blockage of ASK1 with adenovirus‐expressing dominant negative ASK1 obviously reversed the lipid accumulation and ASK1 pathway activation when Mda5 was knocked out. Conclusions These data indicate that MDA5 is an essential suppressor in NASH. The findings support MDA5 as a regulator of ASK1 and a promising therapeutic target for NASH.
Dental informed consent challenges and considerations for cognitively impaired patients
Authors: Ahmed Alsaleh, Anjuli Kapila, Iftee Shahriar, Yvonne L. Kapila
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2021)

Because the US population is living to an older age, the number of individuals with cognitive impairment and periodontitis is increasing, as both conditions/diseases increase with age. Dental informed consent best practices for dental/periodontal treatment of individuals with cognitive impairment have not been explored, yet warrant consideration, because complex dental treatments to address periodontal needs/edentulism raise challenges for informed consent in the elderly with cognitive impairment. The purpose of this review is to help practitioners better understand this topic and develop best practices in dentistry for informed consent of patients with cognitive impairment that need extensive dental treatment, including surgical and implant therapy.
調節性T細胞特異的エピゲノム領域変異体は共通自己免疫疾患に対する感受性の重要な決定因子である【JST・京大機械翻訳】
Authors: Ohkura Naganari, Yasumizu Yoshiaki, Kitagawa Yohko, Tanaka Atsushi, Nakamura Yamami, Motooka Daisuke, Nakamura Shota, Okada Yukinori, Sakaguchi Shimon
Journal: Immunity (2020)
2007 Stroke Council Award and Lecture—Influence of Health Behaviors, Social Factors, and Gender on Stroke Risk and Outcome
Authors: Margaret Kelly-Hayes
Journal: Circulation (2007)

It is estimated that 1 in 5 women and 1 in 6 men will experience a stroke over their lifetime. As a major healthcare problem, stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States today. There are currently 5.7 million stroke survivors alive, with 15% to 30% having moderate to severe functional limitations and 20% needing constant care or institutionalization. New knowledge about genetics, treatment, and rehabilitation in stroke continues to make important gains in reduction of death rates. However, prevention is still the best strategy to reduce the burden of stroke. A number of factors have been established as independent contributors to stroke, including hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. In addition to traditional risk factors, there is an increasing interest in the role of health behaviors and social factors in stroke risk. Epidemiological studies such as the Framingham Heart Study have recently suggested that women experience stroke at an older age, are more disabled and depressed before stroke, have limited social support systems, and are at high risk for institutionalization if they do survive. Better integration of established risk factors, health behaviors, and social dimensions can augment our understanding of those at highest risk for stroke and those most vulnerable for dependency. Public awareness of and education about this interrelationship is an important key to prevention of stroke and its aftermath.
Vedolizumab Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Serious Infections Than Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Agents in Older Adults
Authors: Bharati Kochar, Virginia Pate, Michael D. Kappelman, Millie D. Long, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Andrew T. Chan, Robert S. Sandler
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
Drifting Over the Horizon
Authors: David Allan Gruenewald
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BT15: Evaluating paediatric dermatology telephone clinics during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a UK cohort: a prospective study
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

that sufficient information was provided throughout the pathway and were happy to engage with this service should they require a similar procedure in the future.In this cohort of patients, their first visit to hospital was for a procedure.There are many benefits in reducing F2F hospital attendances.As well as reducing footfall during the pandemic, there is less lost work time and cost of travel for patients or their relatives, more efficient use of hospital facilities and reduced carbon footprint.Our survey suggests that preoperative telephone consultations are liked by patients and appropriate in meeting the requirements of Montgomery consent for a teledermatology service.
Obesity and the relation between joint exposure to ambient air pollutants and incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study in UK Biobank
Authors: Xiang Li, Mengying Wang, Yongze Song, Hao Ma, Tao Zhou, Zhaoxia Liang, Lu Qi
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2021)

Background Air pollution has been related to incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the joint association of various air pollutants with the risk of T2D and examined potential modification by obesity status and genetic susceptibility on the relationship. Methods and findings A total of 449,006 participants from UK Biobank free of T2D at baseline were included. Of all the study population, 90.9% were white and 45.7% were male. The participants had a mean age of 56.6 (SD 8.1) years old and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.4 (SD 4.8) kg/m 2 . Ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), between 2.5 μm and 10 μm (PM 2.5–10 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. An air pollution score was created to assess the joint exposure to the 4 air pollutants. During a median of 11 years follow-up, we documented 18,239 incident T2D cases. The air pollution score was significantly associated with a higher risk of T2D. Compared to the lowest quintile of air pollution score, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for T2D was 1.05 (0.99 to 1.10, p = 0.11), 1.06 (1.00 to 1.11, p = 0.051), 1.09 (1.03 to 1.15, p = 0.002), and 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19, p &lt; 0.001) for the second to fifth quintile, respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, genetic factors, and other covariates. In addition, we found a significant interaction between the air pollution score and obesity status on the risk of T2D ( p -interaction &lt; 0.001). The observed association was more pronounced among overweight and obese participants than in the normal-weight people. Genetic risk score (GRS) for T2D or obesity did not modify the relationship between air pollution and risk of T2D. Key study limitations include unavailable data on other potential T2D-related air pollutants and single-time measurement on air pollutants. Conclusions We found that various air pollutants PM 2.5 , PM 2.5–10 , NO 2, and NO, individually or jointly, were associated with an increased risk of T2D in the population. The stratified analyses indicate that such associations were more strongly associated with T2D risk among those with higher adiposity.
Correction to: Post-induction MRD by FCM and GATA1-PCR are significant prognostic factors for myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome
Authors: Takashi Taga, Shiro Tanaka, Daisuke Hasegawa, Kiminori Terui, Tsutomu Toki, Shotaro Iwamoto, Hidefumi Hiramatsu, Takako Miyamura, Yoshiko Hashii, Hiroshi Moritake, Hideki Nakayama, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Akira Shimada, Tomohiko Taki, Etsuro Ito, Asahito Hama, Masafumi Ito, Katsuyoshi Koh, Daiichiro Hasegawa, Akiko M. Saito, Souichi Adachi, Daisuke Tomizawa
Journal: Leukemia (2021)
Dopamine and glutamate in individuals at high risk for psychosis: a meta‐analysis of <i>in vivo</i> imaging findings and their variability compared to controls
Authors: Robert A. McCutcheon, Kate Merritt, Oliver D. Howes
Journal: World Psychiatry (2021)

Dopaminergic and glutamatergic dysfunction is believed to play a central role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, it is unclear if abnormalities predate the onset of schizophrenia in individuals at high clinical or genetic risk for the disorder. We systematically reviewed and meta‐analyzed studies that have used neuroimaging to investigate dopamine and glutamate function in individuals at increased clinical or genetic risk for psychosis. EMBASE, PsycINFO and Medline were searched form January 1, 1960 to November 26, 2020. Inclusion criteria were molecular imaging measures of striatal presynaptic dopaminergic function, striatal dopamine receptor availability, or glutamate function. Separate meta‐analyses were conducted for genetic high‐risk and clinical high‐risk individuals. We calculated standardized mean differences between high‐risk individuals and controls, and investigated whether the variability of these measures differed between the two groups. Forty‐eight eligible studies were identified, including 1,288 high‐risk individuals and 1,187 controls. Genetic high‐risk individuals showed evidence of increased thalamic glutamate + glutamine (Glx) concentrations (Hedges’ g=0.36, 95% CI: 0.12‐0.61, p=0.003). There were no significant differences between high‐risk individuals and controls in striatal presynaptic dopaminergic function, striatal D2/D3 receptor availability, prefrontal cortex glutamate or Glx, hippocampal glutamate or Glx, or basal ganglia Glx. In the meta‐analysis of variability, genetic high‐risk individuals showed reduced variability of striatal D2/D3 receptor availability compared to controls (log coefficient of variation ratio, CVR=–0.24, 95% CI: –0.46 to –0.02, p=0.03). Meta‐regressions of publication year against effect size demonstrated that the magnitude of differences between clinical high‐risk individuals and controls in presynaptic dopaminergic function has decreased over time (estimate=–0.06, 95% CI: –0.11 to –0.007, p=0.025). Thus, other than thalamic glutamate concentrations, no neurochemical measures were significantly different between individuals at risk for psychosis and controls. There was also no evidence of increased variability of dopamine or glutamate measures in high‐risk individuals compared to controls. Significant heterogeneity, however, exists between studies, which does not allow to rule out the existence of clinically meaningful differences.
Postmarketing Cases of Enfortumab Vedotin–Associated Skin Reactions Reported as Stevens-Johnson Syndrome or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Michelle Nadeau Nguyen, Melissa Reyes, S. Christopher Jones
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2021)

This case series study uses data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System to investigate a potential association between enfortumab vedotin treatment and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
School-based depression and anxiety prevention programs: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aliza Werner-Seidler, Samantha Spanos, Alison L. Calear, Yael Perry, Michelle Torok, Bridianne O'Dea, Helen Christensen, Jill M. Newby
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2021)

Depression and anxiety are often first experienced during childhood and adolescence, and interest in the prevention of these disorders is growing. The focus of this review was to assess the effectiveness of psychological prevention programs delivered in schools, and to provide an update to our previous review from five years ago (Werner-Seidler, Perry, Calear, Newby, & Christensen, 2017). Three electronic databases were systematically searched for published articles of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of school-based prevention programs until October 2020. There were 130 articles that met inclusion criteria, representing 118 unique trials and 45,924 participants. Small between-group effect sizes for depression (g = 0.21) and anxiety (g = 0.18) were detected immediately post-intervention. Subgroup analyses suggested that targeted prevention programs (for young people with risk factors or symptoms) were associated with significantly greater effect sizes relative to universal programs for depression, which was confirmed by meta-regression. There was also some evidence that external providers conferred some benefit over school-staff delivered programs. Overall, study quality was moderate and no association between risk of bias and effect size was detected. School-delivered psychological prevention programs have small effects in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Refinement of these programs, and knowledge about how they can be sustainably delivered in schools beyond the trial period is now needed for population-level preventive effects. Systematic Review Registration Number: PROPSERO - CRD42020188323.
P-107 Dermatopathological review of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma events in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with ripretinib
Authors: A. Patel, S. George, F. Janku, K. Ganjoo, R. Young, P. Chi, D. Westwood, S. Stearns, J. Meade, R. Ruiz-Soto, M. Lacouture
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Optimizing hepatitis B virus screening in the United States using a simple demographics‐based model
Authors: Nathan S. Ramrakhiani, Vincent L. Chen, Michael Le, Yee Hui Yeo, Scott D. Barnett, Akbar K. Waljee, Ji Zhu, Mindie H. Nguyen
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) affects >290 million persons globally, and only 10% have been diagnosed, presenting a severe gap that must be addressed. We developed logistic regression (LR) and machine learning (ML; random forest) models to accurately identify patients with HBV, using only easily obtained demographic data from a population-based data set.
ASGCT’s new landscape reports: A comprehensive data resource
Authors: Betsy Foss-Campbell, David Barrett, Amanda Micklus, Ly Nguyen-Jatkoe
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2021)

Stakeholders in the field are aware of the exponential growth in gene and cell therapy development since 2014 but have not had at their fingertips comprehensive details on the pipeline. Those details include the magnitude of development—3,474 gene and cell therapies in development globally from the preclinical through pre-registration stages, 1,835 of which are in vivo and ex vivo gene therapies—and the breakdown by factors such as modality and therapeutic area. For example, 1,300 gene and cell therapy candidates are in development for oncology indications, 435 gene therapies are in development for non-oncology rare diseases, and the top non-oncology therapies under development for rare diseases are for retinitis pigmentosa, hemophilia A, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and sickle cell disease. In the gene therapy category alone, 17 therapies are approved for use in 12 countries plus the European Union (as of the end of the second quarter of 2021).
Ultra-processed Foods and Risk of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chun-Han Lo, Neha Khandpur, Sinara Laurini Rossato, Paul Lochhead, Emily W. Lopes, Kristin E. Burke, James M. Richter, Mingyang Song, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Qi Sun, Teresa T. Fung, Hamed Khalili, Andrew T. Chan, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
AHA Consensus Panel Statement: Preventing Heart Attack and Death in Patients With Coronary Disease
Authors: Sidney C. Smith Jr., Steven N. Blair, Michael C. Criqui, Gerald F. Fletcher, Valentin Fuster, Bernard J. Gersh, Antonio M. Gotto, K. Lance Gould, Philip Greenland, Scott M. Grundy, Martha N. Hill, Mark A. Hlatky, Nancy Houston-Miller, Ronald M. Krauss, John Larosa, Ira S. Ockene, Suzanne Oparil, Thomas A. Pearson, Elliot Rapaport, Rodman D. Starke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The Genetic Discrimination Observatory: confronting novel issues in genetic discrimination
Authors: Yann Joly, Katherine Huerne, Mykhailo Arych, Yvonne Bombard, Aisling De Paor, Edward S. Dove, Palmira Granados Moreno, Calvin W.L. Ho, Chih-Hsing Ho, Ine Van Hoyweghen, Hannah Kim, Audrey Lebret, Timo Minssen, Katharina Ó. Cathaoir, Anya E.R. Prince, Athira P.S. Nair, Margaret Otlowski, Michael S. Pepper, Rob Sladek, Lingqiao Song, Torsten H. Voigt, Ma’n H. Zawati, Gratien Dalpé
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2021)
Thromboembolism in ALL Patients 1-45 Years Treated According to the NOPHO-ALL 2008 Protocol
Authors: Cecilie Rank, Nina Toft, Ruta Tuckuviene, Kathrine Grell, Ove Juul Nielsen, Thomas Leth Frandsen, Ulf Tedgaard, Helene Hallböök, Ellen Ruud, Petter Quist-Paulsen, Kaisa Vepsäläinen, Ulla Wartiovaara-Kautto, Ólafur G. Jónsson, Sonata Saulyte Trakymiene, Laimonas Griškevičius, Kadri Saks, Mari Punab, Kjeld Schmiegelow
Journal: Blood (2017)
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission to Masked and Unmasked Close Contacts of University Students with COVID-19 — St. Louis, Missouri, January–May 2021
Authors: Terri Rebmann, Travis M. Loux, Lauren D. Arnold, Rachel Charney, Deborah Horton, Ashley Gomel
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Universities open for in-person instruction during the 2020-21 academic year implemented a range of prevention strategies to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, including physical distancing, mask use, vaccination, contact tracing, case investigation, and quarantine protocols (1).However, in some academic programs, such as health-related programs, aviation, and kindergarten through grade 12 (K-12) education, maintaining physical distance while still providing instruction is difficult; for universities with such programs, a single confirmed case of COVID-19 could result in a large number of students, staff members, and instructors being designated close contacts and requiring quarantine if they are not fully vaccinated, even if masks were worn when contact occurred.In January 2021, the St. Louis City Health Department allowed Saint Louis University (SLU) to implement a modified quarantine protocol that considered mask use when determining which close contacts required quarantine.*To assess the impact of the protocol, SLU assessed positive SARS-CoV-2 test result rates by masking status of the persons with COVID-19 and their close contacts.During January-May 2021, 265 students received a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result; these students named 378 close contacts.Compared with close contacts whose exposure only occurred when both persons were masked (7.7%), close contacts with any unmasked exposure (32.4%) had higher adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result (aOR = 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-31.1).Any additional exposures were associated with a 40.0%increase in odds of a positive test result (aOR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.2-1.6).These findings reinforce that universal masking and having fewer encounters in close contact with persons with COVID-19 prevents the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a university setting.Universities opening for in-person instruction could consider taking mask use into account when determining which unvaccinated close contacts require quarantine if enforced testing protocols are in place.However, this study was conducted before the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant became the dominant strain of SARS-CoV-2 * Quarantine is required for all unvaccinated close contacts who had any unmasked exposure.A close contact was defined as any unvaccinated person who spent a total of ≥15 minutes during a 24-hour period within 6 ft of a person with confirmed COVID-19 while that person was contagious, regardless of whether a mask was worn.The modified protocol allowed those with only masked exposure to forego quarantine.
Underrepresentation of older adults in clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review
Authors: Nicola Veronese, Mirko Petrovic, Athanase Benetos, Michael Denkinger, Adalsteinn Gudmundsson, Wilma Knol, Christine Marking, George Soulis, Stefania Maggi, Antonio Cherubini
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2021)
The bowfin genome illuminates the developmental evolution of ray-finned fishes
Authors: Andrew W. Thompson, M. Brent Hawkins, Elise Parey, Dustin J. Wcisel, Tatsuya Ota, Kazuhiko Kawasaki, Emily Funk, Mauricio Losilla, Olivia E. Fitch, Qiaowei Pan, Romain Feron, Alexandra Louis, Jérôme Montfort, Marine Milhes, Brett L. Racicot, Kevin L. Childs, Quenton Fontenot, Allyse Ferrara, Solomon R. David, Amy R. McCune, Alex Dornburg, Jeffrey A. Yoder, Yann Guiguen, Hugues Roest Crollius, Camille Berthelot, Matthew P. Harris, Ingo Braasch
Journal: Nature Genetics (2021)

Abstract The bowfin ( Amia calva ) is a ray-finned fish that possesses a unique suite of ancestral and derived phenotypes, which are key to understanding vertebrate evolution. The phylogenetic position of bowfin as a representative of neopterygian fishes, its archetypical body plan and its unduplicated and slowly evolving genome make bowfin a central species for the genomic exploration of ray-finned fishes. Here we present a chromosome-level genome assembly for bowfin that enables gene-order analyses, settling long-debated neopterygian phylogenetic relationships. We examine chromatin accessibility and gene expression through bowfin development to investigate the evolution of immune, scale, respiratory and fin skeletal systems and identify hundreds of gene-regulatory loci conserved across vertebrates. These resources connect developmental evolution among bony fishes, further highlighting the bowfin’s importance for illuminating vertebrate biology and diversity in the genomic era.