Abstract GMM-053: ROLE OF LATS AND DYRK1A KINASES IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF HGSOC
Authors: Fatmata Sesay, Siddharth Saini, Larisa Litovchick
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, with 75% of women presenting with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most common and aggressive type of epithelial ovarian cancer, with 5-year survival rate of 30% for most patients. Developing of accurate experimental models of HGSOC is necessary to elucidate the disease pathogenesis and to evaluate new treatments. Our study is aimed at determining the roles of the Large Tumor Suppressor 1 and 2 kinases (LATS1/2), and their downstream effector Dual-specificity tyrosine(Y)-Regulated Protein Kinase 1A (DYRK1A), in HGSOC pathogenesis and treatment sensitivity. The Cancer Genome Atlas study revealed copy number losses of the LATS1, LATS2 and DYRK1A genes in 65%, 59% and 38% of HGSOC cases, respectively. Previous studies found that LATS1/2 and DYRK1A mediate a crosstalk between the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway and the G0/G1 cell cycle checkpoint. However, the role of these kinases in HGSOC pathogenesis is not known. We found that loss of both LATS1 and LATS2, or DYRK1A results in increased proliferation of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells in 2D or 3D cultures, mediated in part by disruption of the DREAM complex that represses cell cycle-regulated genes. Interestingly, we observed upregulation of cyclin D1 and increased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (RB) family proteins in SKOV3 cells depleted of LATS1/2 or DYRK1A kinases, indicative of aberrant activation of CDK4/6. Similar changes were observed upon depletion of LATS1/2 or DYRK1A using non-transformed human fallopian epithelial cells, suggesting that genetic losses of these kinases could contribute to the HGSOC pathogenesis. Furthermore, we tested whether an aberrant activation of CDK4/6 in SKOV3 cells with low levels of LATS1/2 or DYRK1A could increase their sensitivity to pharmacological CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib. Using metabolic cell proliferation assays, we found that loss of LATS1/2 or DYRK1A resulted in a significant decrease of palbociclib IC50 in SKOV3 cells. Interestingly, palbociclib treatment increased the DREAM assembly in these cells, resulting in downregulation of DREAM-regulated cell cycle factors such as cyclin A or B-Myb. Our results show that loss of LATS1/2 or DYRK1A could contribute to HGSOC pathogenesis by CDK4/6-mediated disruption of RB family function. Further studies are underway to validate our findings in vivo using orthotopic ovarian tumor xenografts in mice and a bioluminescence imaging approach. In addition, these models will be used for validation of novel therapeutic approaches for HGSOC, such as palbociclib, as well as for the mechanistic studies of the EOC pathogenesis. Citation Format: Fatmata Sesay, Siddharth Saini, Larisa Litovchick. ROLE OF LATS AND DYRK1A KINASES IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF HGSOC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr GMM-053.