tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Aging and the Promise of Physical Activity
Authors: Kirk I. Erickson, Shannon D. Donofry, Kelsey R. Sewell, Belinda M. Brown, Chelsea M. Stillman
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2022)

Is the field of cognitive aging irretrievably concerned with decline and deficits, or is it shifting to emphasize the hope of preservation and enhancement of cognitive function in late life? A fragment of an answer comes from research attempting to understand the reasons for individual variability in the extent and rate of cognitive decline. This body of work has created a sense of optimism based on evidence that there are some health behaviors that amplify cognitive performance or mitigate the rate of age-related cognitive decline. In this context, we discuss the role of physical activity on neurocognitive function in late adulthood and summarize how it can be conceptualized as a constructive approach both for the maintenance of cognitive function and as a therapeutic for enhancing or optimizing cognitive function in late life. In this way, physical activity research can be used to shape perceptions of cognitive aging.
Amer J Obstetrics &amp;amp; Gynecology, St. Louis
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The cost of prevention: common sense and decision trees
Authors: W. E. Scheckler
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In this issue ofThe Journal(page 1290), Shapiro and colleagues have constructed a promising benefit-cost analysis of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis. Numerous studies in recent years indicate that 30% to 50% of total in-hospital antibiotic use, especially the cephalosporin group of drugs, is given for prevention of postoperative infection.<sup>1</sup>It is important to have both scientifically rational and cost-effective data on which to base decisions about surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis. In their previous work cited in the Shapiro article, and in other studies, three perioperative doses of cefazolin sodium have been demonstrated in a scientifically rational way to reduce in-hospital infection-related morbidity in patients undergoing vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. The current article addresses the cost-effective issues concerning such prophylaxis. What Shapiro et al demonstrate in their article is that the efficacy in cost savings from surgical prophylaxis depends on the following: 1. The cost of the drug used—cost per dose
Conflict of interest and the peer review process
Authors: M. T. Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1987)

As it is generally used, the term<i>conflict of interest</i>applies to public officials and means that there is a clash between one's sworn duty to the public interest and one's private financial interest.<sup>1</sup>In recent years, the term has been extended to apply to investigators who report studies in medical journals,<sup>2</sup>and disclosure of possible financial gain by the authors of such studies is now editorial policy for some journals.<sup>2,3</sup>The Journal, for example, requests that each author of a submitted manuscript "list all affiliations with or financial involvement in any organization or entity with a direct financial interest in the subject matter or materials of the research discussed in the manuscript (eg, employment, consultancies, and stock ownership)."<sup>3</sup>DuringThe Journal's review process, all such disclosures are held in confidence by the editors and do not enter into decisions concerning the merits of the
A randomized, controlled, multicenter study of nab-paclitaxel plus cisplatin followed by surgery versus surgery alone for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Authors: Junfeng Liu, Yan Wang, Bingji Cao, Shaowei Zhang, Fumin Cao, Liping Gao, Nan Sun, Yuquan Ma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

310 Background: Taxane is one of the commonly used chemotherapy drugs for ESCC. Nab-paclitaxel, a small particle albumin-bound form of paclitaxel, showed potentially efficacy in metastatic ESCC. This randomized, controlled, multi-center study is conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus cisplatin in neoadjuvant treatment of ESCC. Methods: Two hundred and two patients with resectable locally advanced ESCC which was located in the middle or lower third of the esophagus were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive neo-adjuvant chemotherapy or surgery alone. Patients were treated with either two 3-week cycles of nab-paclitaxel (125mg/m 2 , iv, d1, 8) and cisplatin (75mg/m 2 , iv, d1), followed by esophagectomy 4-6 weeks after neoadjuvant (the treatment arm) or directly underwent esophagectomy (the control arm). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), the secondary endpoints included 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rate, 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate, R0 resection rate, reduction stage rate, chemotherapy-related adverse events. Results: Between April 2019 and June 2021, we randomly assigned 67 patients, of whom 31 in the treatment arm and 33 in the control arm were analyzed. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the two arms. In the treatment arm, 24 patients underwent R0 resection, and 2 did not undergo surgery although chemotherapy was completed. All patients in control arm underwent R0 resection. In the treatment arm, the pathological complete response (pCR) rate was 20.83%, the major pathological response (mPR) rate was 33.33%, and the down-staging rate was 58.33%. No difference in survival benefit was observed between the two arms. The 1- and 2-year DFS rates of the treatment arm and the control arm were 88.99% vs 75.58% (HR = 0.421, 95%CI: 0.087̃2.032, P = 0.281) and 88.99% vs 66.13% (HR = 0.387, 95%CI: 0.082̃1.833, P = 0.231), respectively. The 1-year and 2-year OS rates of the treatment arm and control arm were 93.21% vs 75.32% (HR = 0.293, 95%CI: 0.061̃1.409, P = 0.125) and 86.56% vs 75.32% (HR = 0.444, 95%CI: 0.115̃1.716, P = 0.239). The neoadjuvant chemotherapy was well tolerated. According to NCI-CTC AE V.5.0, the most common adverse events were hematological toxicity, including neutropenia (16.13%), anemia (3.23%) and hypoproteinemia (3.23%), no grade IV adverse events occurred. Conclusions: Nab-paclitaxel plus cisplatin for ESCC reveals a promising efficacy and safety, and has a tendency to prolong DFS and OS compared with surgery alone. The long-term results are worthy of further exploration. Clinical trial information: NCT03964753.
Is the neoangiogenic response to percutaneous myocardial revascularization species dependent? John D. Altman, Susan Johnson, Javier Roman-Gonzales, Birgit Kantor, Douglas L. Packer, David R. Holmes, Jr., Dieter Lubbe, Antonio Bayes-Genesis, Robert S. Schwartz. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Abstract P072: Circulating Phylloquinone Concentrations and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Sharon Remmelzwaal, Sabine Zwakenberg, Joline Beulens, Edith Feskens, Sarah Booth, Hassan Dashti, Yvonne van der Schouw, Ivonne Sluijs
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the causal relation of genetically conferred circulating phylloquinone levels and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) via a Mendelian Randomization approach. Methods: We used data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study comprising 10,071 diabetes cases and 13,309 subcohort members from eight European countries. We calculated a weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) including four SNPs (rs2192574, rs6862071, rs4645543 and rs2108622) likely to be related to circulating phylloquinone levels from a genome wide association study. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis was used to obtain a Hazard Ratio (HR) for the unconfounded relation between circulating phylloquinone levels and T2D incidence. All analyses were adjusted for sex, center, principal components of ancestry, genetic platform, triglycerides and hours fasting. Furthermore, we assessed the robustness of our results with a MR Egger analyses. In follow-up analyses, we have included data from the Diabetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium, increasing our dataset to 21,571 participants with diabetes. Results: The median follow-up time was 10.9 years. In IVW analysis, genetically conferred higher circulating phylloquinone levels were associated with a reduced risk of T2D with a HR of 0.87 (0.78;0.97) for every ln-nmol/L increase in circulating phylloquinone. The MR Egger method resulted in a HR of 0.88 (0.72;1.08).Adding DIAGRAM data resulted in a summary odds ratio of 0.90 (0.81;1.00). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the association between higher circulating phylloquinone levels and lower T2D incidence may be causal.
Community‐based social interventions for people with severe mental illness: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of recent evidence
Authors: Helen Killaspy, Carol Harvey, Catherine Brasier, Lisa Brophy, Priscilla Ennals, Justine Fletcher, Bridget Hamilton
Journal: World Psychiatry (2022)

People living with severe mental illness (SMI) are one of the most marginalized groups in society. Interventions which aim to improve their social and economic participation are of crucial importance to clinicians, policy-makers and people with SMI themselves. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on social interventions for people with SMI published since 2016 and collated our findings through narrative synthesis. We found an encouragingly large amount of research in this field, and 72 papers met our inclusion criteria. Over half reported on the effectiveness of interventions delivered at the service level (supported accommodation, education or employment), while the remainder targeted individuals directly (community participation, family interventions, peer-led/supported interventions, social skills training). We identified good evidence for the Housing First model of supported accommodation, for the Individual Placement and Support model of supported employment, and for family psychoeducation, with the caveat that a range of models are nonetheless required to meet the varied housing, employment and family-related needs of individuals. Our findings also highlighted the importance of contextual factors and the need to make local adaptations when "importing" interventions from elsewhere. We found that augmentation strategies to enhance the effectiveness of social interventions (particularly supported employment and social skills training) by addressing cognitive impairments did not lead to transferable "real life" skills despite improvements in cognitive function. We also identified an emerging evidence base for peer-led/supported interventions, recovery colleges and other interventions to support community participation. We concluded that social interventions have considerable benefits but are arguably the most complex in the mental health field, and require multi-level stakeholder commitment and investment for successful implementation.
Medicaid Enrollment Assistance for People Released From Prison—One Step on a Long Road
Authors: Helen E. Jack
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Marguerite E. Burns, PhD; Steven Cook, MS; Lars M. Brown, MA; Laura Dague, PhD; Steve Tyska, MD; Karla Hernandez Romero, MS; Cici McNamara, MS; Ryan P. Westergaard, MD, PhD
A phase 1b study of sotorasib, a specific and irreversible KRAS<sup>G12C </sup>inhibitor, in combination with other anticancer therapies in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) and other solid tumors (CodeBreaK 101).
Authors: David S. Hong, Rona Yaeger, Yasutoshi Kuboki, Toshiki Masuishi, Minal A. Barve, Gerald Steven Falchook, Ramaswamy Govindan, Davendra Sohal, Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi, Timothy F. Burns, Corey J. Langer, Sonam Puri, Emily Chan, Pegah Jafarinasabian, Gataree Ngarmchamnanrith, Marko Rehn, Qui Tran, David R. Gandara, John H. Strickler, Marwan Fakih
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS214 Background: Approximately 3% of patients (pts) with CRC have the oncogenic Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) p.G12C mutation. Sotorasib, a small molecule that specifically and irreversibly inhibits the KRAS G12C mutant protein, has demonstrated modest clinical activity and no dose-limiting toxicities as a single agent in heavily pretreated pts with KRAS p.G12C-mutated CRC. The combination of sotorasib with other anticancer therapies, such as EGFR or MEK inhibitors, may enhance antitumor efficacy and counteract potential escape mechanisms. Other attractive partners for sotorasib in CRC include biologics and chemotherapy combinations. The CodeBreaK 101 master protocol is designed to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of multiple sotorasib-based combinations in pts with KRAS p.G12C mutated solid tumors. Key subprotocols with CRC combination treatment arms are highlighted here. Methods: This is a phase 1b, open-label study evaluating sotorasib alone and in combination regimens in pts with advanced KRAS p.G12C mutated CRC, NSCLC, and other solid tumors. Key regimens being explored in CRC include (1) Subprotocol A: Sotorasib + trametinib (MEK inhibitor) +/- panitumumab (EGFR inhibitor), (2) Subprotocol H: Sotorasib + panitumumab and sotorasib + panitumumab + FOLFIRI, and (3) Subprotocol M: Sotorasib + bevacizumab-awwb + FOLFIRI or FOLFOX. Key eligibility criteria include advanced or metastatic solid tumor with KRAS p.G12C mutation identified through molecular testing in treatment-naïve and pretreated patients depending on cohort. Primary endpoints include dose-limiting toxicities and treatment-emergent or treatment-related adverse events. Secondary endpoints include PK profile of combination regimens and efficacy (objective response, disease control, duration of response, time to response, and progression-free survival assessed per RECIST 1.1, and overall survival). Enrollment is ongoing. Contact Amgen Medical Information for more information: medinfo@amgen.com (NCT04185883). Abbreviations: EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; FOLFIRI = 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin + irinotecan; FOLFOX = 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin + oxaliplatin; MEK = mitogen-activated protein kinase. Clinical trial information: NCT04185883.
False-negative bone scans
Authors: R. J. Gorten
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The comments of Drs Mawk and Thienprasit are appreciated. Other factors contributing to postoperative left ulnar nerve compression neuropathy, besides position and time, include low pulse pressure, the depth of the ulnar groove-cubital tunnel, and the anatomy of the ulnar groove-cubital tunnel. The low pulse pressure that occurs during open heart surgery results in decreased perfusion generally and particularly to the already compressed ulnar nerve at the level of the ulnar groove-cubital tunnel. Local ischemia, which is the basic underlying pathological mechanism, may be worsened by the low pulse pressure and resultant decreased systemic vascular perfusion that accompanies open heart surgery. During the early 1960s at the University of Nebraska Medical College, a study of 100 cadavers undertaken to measure the depth of the ulnar groove-cubital tunnel found that the depth depended on the height of the medial epicondyle. It was reasoned that the ulnar nerve would be
Lung epithelial cells interact with immune cells and bacteria to shape the microenvironment in tuberculosis
Authors: Amy M de Waal, Pieter S Hiemstra, Tom HM Ottenhoff, Simone A Joosten, Anne M van der Does
Journal: Thorax (2022)

The lung epithelium has long been overlooked as a key player in tuberculosis disease. In addition to acting as a direct barrier to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), epithelial cells (EC) of the airways and alveoli act as first responders during Mtb infections; they directly sense and respond to Mtb by producing mediators such as cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobials. Interactions of EC with innate and adaptive immune cells further shape the immune response against Mtb. These three essential components, epithelium, immune cells and Mtb, are rarely studied in conjunction, owing in part to difficulties in coculturing them. Recent advances in cell culture technologies offer the opportunity to model the lung microenvironment more closely. Herein, we discuss the interplay between lung EC, immune cells and Mtb and argue that modelling these interactions is of key importance to unravel early events during Mtb infection.
Error in Table
Authors: James Sheppard, Jonathan Mant, Richard Mcmanus
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Susan E. Rowell, MD, MBA; Eric N. Meier, MS; Barbara McKnight, PhD; Delores Kannas, RN, MS, MHA; Susanne May, PhD; Kellie Sheehan, RN; Eileen M. Bulger, MD; Ahamed H. Idris, MD; Jim Christenson, MD; Laurie J. Morrison, MD; Ralph J. Frascone, MD; Patrick L. Bosarge, MD; M. Riccardo Colella, DO, MPH; Jay Johannigman, MD; Bryan A. Cotton, MD; Jeannie Callum, MD; Jason McMullan, MD; David J. Dries, MD; Brian Tibbs, MD; Neal J. Richmond, MD; Myron L. Weisfeldt, MD; John M. Tallon, MD, MSc; John S. Garrett, MD; Martin D. Zielinski, MD; Tom P. Aufderheide, MD; Rajesh R. Gandhi, MD, PhD; Rob Schlamp; Bryce R. H. Robinson, MD; Jonathan Jui, MD, MPH; Lauren Klein, MD, MS; Sandro Rizoli, MD; Mark Gamber, DO; Michael Fleming, BA; Jun Hwang, MS; Laura E. Vincent, RN; Carolyn Williams, RN; Audrey Hendrickson, MPH; Robert Simonson, DO; Patricia Klotz, RN; George Sopko, MD; William Witham, MD; Michael Ferrara, MS; Martin A. Schreiber, MD
Chemotherapy delivery in early-onset colorectal cancer is impacted by urban versus rural settings in Colorado.
Authors: David Sheneman, Junxiao Hu, Santi Das, Christopher Hanyoung Lieu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

19 Background: While colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has been decreasing overall, incidence in adults under age 50 has been rising both nationally and across Colorado. National guidelines have adapted to recognize this trend, but knowledge gaps regarding early-onset CRC remain. This group has previously established rising early-onset CRC incidence in Colorado, as well as later stage at diagnosis and worse prognosis. This study examines demographics, treatment, survival, and concomitant disease among patients &lt; 50 and diagnosed with CRC across a multicenter healthcare system in Colorado in order to better understand early-onset CRC. Methods: We analyzed 1,192 CRC cases in patients &lt; 50 from the Colorado Health Data Compass database and cross-referenced these cases with the Colorado Central Cancer Registry to examine for association of gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, zip code, insurance type, stage, and concomitant medical conditions with overall survival and oncologic treatment modality. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate the relationships between chemotherapy and the important variables while adjusting for covariates, with 95% confidence intervals reported. Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to evaluate the relationships between overall survival and the important variables while adjusting for covariates, with 95% confidence intervals reported. Results: Overall, early-onset CRC in our population was 2.8% stage I, 6.3% stage II, 12.7% stage III, 18.5% stage IV, and 59.8% were unstageable or no stage recorded. Surgical treatment was associated with a 52% improvement in overall survival. Chemotherapy treatment was not associated with any survival changes in stage II disease. Radiation treatment, insurance type, number of concomitant conditions, geographic location, and race/ethnicity were not associated with overall survival. Upon exploring chemotherapy relationships, patients from urban areas were significantly more likely to receive chemotherapy than patients from rural areas, while adjusting for ethnicity, inpatient encounters, and stage (OR 5.55, p = 0.001). Conclusions: While less is known about CRC in patients &lt; 50, trends are emerging that are not as well described in a traditional CRC population. The difference between urban and rural patients and their rates of chemotherapy points to a potential disparity in access to care, particularly when considering advanced stage CRC. This persisted through insurance type, indicating that distance from an infusion center, rather than ability to pay, is more likely to be driving this relationship. Further research is needed to determine if these findings are generalizable to the larger early-onset CRC population, and how access may be affecting care for this population.
Current Comment
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal