tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for a sporadic adenoma located at severe longitudinal ulcer scars in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kaoru Takabayashi, Motohiko Kato, Motoki Sasaki, Yasushi Iwao, Haruhiko Ogata, Takanori Kanai, Naohisa Yahagi
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

A 52-year-old woman diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) and a history of repeated flare-ups and remissions was referred to our hospital. Colonoscopy revealed a 15-mm, flat elevated lesion in the transverse colon. Magnifying colonoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI) showed Japan NBI Expert Team classification type 2A and no flat dysplasia lesion in the periphery. Pathological findings of the biopsy specimen revealed a partial expression of p53. Based on these findings, we suspected sporadic adenoma ([Fig. 1]) rather than ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia. There were obvious longitudinal ulcer scars as a result of UC inflammation and an endoscopic tattooing scar adjacent to the lesion ([Fig. 2]).
Abstract 89: Differences in Orexin-related Gene Expression in the Brain in Early versus Late Stage Heart Failure in Male Rats
Authors: Jacqueline Watkins, Jennifer Vu, Linda Hayward
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Orexin is a neuropeptide produced exclusively by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Orexinergic neurons send projections throughout the brain and the system has been hypothesized to be critical for the coordination of “survival related-processes. Emerging evidence has identified that the orexin system is dysregulated in several forms of cardiovascular disease. In hypertension for example, upregulation of the orexin system contributes to elevated sympathetic drive. In heart failure, genomic changes in the orexin type 2 receptor have been linked to reduced cardiac function and pretreatment with an orexin type 2 receptor agonist prior to cardiac stress was identified to be cardio-protective. These data suggest changes in orexin system activation before or during cardiac stress may have therapeutic potential. The present study was undertaken to evaluate changes in the brain orexin system at 4 weeks following myocardial injury compared to the chronic changes previous documented at 16 weeks post infarction. Methods: Adult male rats underwent either sham operation (n=9) or ligation of the left main coronary artery (n=9) while under anesthesia and were allowed to recover either 4 weeks or 16 weeks. Results: The infarct size ranged from 21 to 39% of the left ventricle (28+/-6%, mean+/-STDEV). At 4 weeks of age hypothalamic orexin gene expression was upregulated 54% (P&lt;0.07) when compared to sham operated animals. This was in contrast to a 78% reduction in gene expression at 16 weeks following myocardial infarction. No significant difference in orexin receptor expression (type 1 or type 2) within the hypothalamus was identified at either time point. These findings demonstrate that the orexin system undergoes dynamic changes following myocardial insult. Since orexin supplementation has been reported to be both neuroprotective and cardioprotective, it is possible that early orexin upregulation is an adaptive/protective response and sustained stimulation of the orexin system over a longer time period may improve health outcomes associated with heart failure.
Medical care and first aid: an interassociation consensus framework for organised non-elite sport during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lisa Hodgson, Gemma Phillips, Robin Terence Saggers, Sanjay Sharma, Michael Papadakis, Clint Readhead, Charlotte M Cowie, Andrew Massey, Richard Weiler, Prabhat Mathema, Jo Larkin, Jonathan Gordon, John Maclean, Michael Rossiter, Niall Elliott, Jonathan Hanson, Simon Spencer, Rod Jaques, Jon Patricios
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

The cessation of amateur and recreational sport has had significant implications globally, impacting economic, social and health facets of population well-being. As a result, there is pressure to resume sport at all levels. The ongoing prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent 'second waves' require urgent best practice guidelines to be developed to return recreational (non-elite) sports as quickly as possible while prioritising the well-being of the participants and support staff.This guidance document describes the need for such advice and the process of collating available evidence. Expert opinion is integrated into this document to provide uniform and pragmatic recommendations, thereby optimising on-field and field-side safety for all involved persons, including coaches, first responders and participants.The nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission means that the use of some procedures performed during emergency care and resuscitation could potentially be hazardous, necessitating the need for guidance on the use of personal protective equipment, the allocation of predetermined areas to manage potentially infective cases and the governance and audit of the process.
The Birth of Injustice: COVID-19 Hospital Infection Control Policy on Latinx Birth Experience
Authors: Marielle S. Gross, Alexandra Norton
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2021)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThis article refers to:Structural Racism in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moving ForwardThis article is referred to by:An Open Dialogue on Health Disparities and Structural Racism: Response to Open Peer Commentaries
Wound Dressings for Obese Women After Cesarean Delivery—Reply
Authors: Methodius G. Tuuli, Lorie Harper
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract PS6-44: The significance of body mass index and absolute lymphocyte count as a prognostic factor for disease-free survival in Korean breast cancer patients
Authors: Sung Min Ko
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of our study is to identify the association between body mass index (BMI) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and to determine the effect of these two factors on the prognosis of breast cancer patients.Methods: We retrospectively identified 16,375 healthy female and 1,226 primary invasive breast cancer patients from Gangnam Severance Hospital. BMI and complete blood count (CBC) information at the time of diagnosed was collected. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to variable associated with disease-free survival (DFS).Results: BMI and ALC has positive correlation in breast cancer patients as well as health female (both P &amp;lt; .001). However, the effect of BMI and ALC on prognosis was the opposite. Overweight and obese had worse DFS (HR, 2.00; 95% CIs, 1.36-2.96; P &amp;lt; .001) than underweight or normal weight, but patients with high ALC had better DFS than those with low ALC (HR, 0.42; 95% CIs, 0.28-0.63; P &amp;lt; .001). When the risk stratification group was divided according to BMI /ALC, the high-risk group who had high BMI and low ALC had worse DFS than low-risk group (HR, 2.61; 95% CIs, 1.51-4.51; P = .001). In subgroup analysis, Her2-overexpressing and early stage tumor was more affected by BMI/ALC.Conclusions: The impact of BMI and ALC on prognosis in breast cancer was the opposite although BMI and ALC had positive correlation. Patients with high BMI and low ALC had worse DFS than others. Weight management is essential to breast cancer patients, and additional study about correlation between BMI and ALC affecting prognosis is needed in the future. Citation Format: Sung Min Ko. The significance of body mass index and absolute lymphocyte count as a prognostic factor for disease-free survival in Korean breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS6-44.
Interleukin‐31: The “itchy” cytokine in inflammation and therapy
Authors: Angeliki Datsi, Martin Steinhoff, Fareed Ahmad, Majid Alam, Joerg Buddenkotte
Journal: Allergy (2021)

The cytokine interleukin-31 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple atopic disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis, and airway hyper-reactivity. In AD, IL-31 has been identified as one of the main "drivers" of its cardinal symptom, pruritus. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which IL-31 modulates inflammatory and allergic diseases. TH 2 cells play a central role in AD and release high levels of TH 2-associated cytokines including IL-31, thereby mediating inflammatory responses, initiating immunoregulatory circuits, stimulating itch, and neuronal outgrowth through activation of the heterodimeric receptor IL-31 receptor A (IL31RA)/Oncostatin M receptor (OSMRβ). IL31RA expression is found on human and murine dorsal root ganglia neurons, epithelial cells including keratinocytes and various innate immune cells. IL-31 is a critical cytokine involved in neuroimmune communication, which opens new avenues for cytokine modulation in neuroinflammatory diseases including AD/pruritus, as validated by recent clinical trials using an anti-IL-31 antibody. Accordingly, inhibition of IL-31-downstream signaling may be a beneficial approach for various inflammatory diseases including prurigo. However, as to whether downstream JAK inhibitors directly block IL-31-mediated-signaling needs to be clarified. Targeting the IL-31/IL31RA/OSMRβ axis appears to be a promising approach for inflammatory, neuroinflammatory, and pruritic disorders in the future.
Abstract 12217: Intraprocedural Prothrombotic Change Associated With Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Jonathon P Fanning, Shaun Roberts, Megan Merza, Karl Poon, Alexander Incani, Sarvesh Natani, John Fraser
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Current recommendations guiding intraprocedural antithrombotic prophylaxis for TAVI are extrapolated from the PCI setting despite clear differences between the two procedures. This st...
Body Mass Index in Covid-19: An Independent Risk Factor for Severe Infections
Authors: J. D. de Lavallaz, S. Fugar, J. M. M. Gomez, S. Swearingen, G. Bosco, A. Hlepas, A. Simmons, B. Clark, T. Suboc, A. S. Volgman, K. A. Williams, C. Bai
Journal: Circulation (2020)
Suspected Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Residents of a Skilled Nursing Facility During a Second COVID-19 Outbreak — Kentucky, July–November 2020
Authors: Alyson M. Cavanaugh, Douglas Thoroughman, Holly Miranda, Kevin Spicer
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is believed to be rare (1). Some level of immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection is expected; however, the evidence regarding duration and level of protection is still emerging (2). The Kentucky Department for Public Health (KDPH) and a local health department conducted an investigation at a skilled nursing facility (SNF) that experienced a second COVID-19 outbreak in October 2020, 3 months after a first outbreak in July. Five residents received positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results during both outbreaks. During the first outbreak, three of the five patients were asymptomatic and two had mild symptoms that resolved before the second outbreak. Disease severity in the five residents during the second outbreak was worse than that during the first outbreak and included one death. Because test samples were not retained, phylogenetic strain comparison was not possible. However, interim period symptom resolution in the two symptomatic patients, at least four consecutive negative RT-PCR tests for all five patients before receiving a positive test result during the second outbreak, and the 3-month interval between the first and the second outbreaks, suggest the possibility that reinfection occurred. Maintaining physical distance, wearing face coverings or masks, and frequent hand hygiene are critical mitigation strategies necessary to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to SNF residents, a particularly vulnerable population at risk for poor COVID-19-associated outcomes.* Testing, containment strategies (isolation and quarantine), and vaccination of residents and health care personnel (HCP) are also essential components to protecting vulnerable residents. The findings of this study highlight the importance of maintaining public health mitigation and protection strategies that reduce transmission risk, even among persons with a history of COVID-19 infection.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Leah H. Biller, Deborah Schrag
Journal: JAMA (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide with more than 1.85 million cases and 850 000 deaths annually. Of new colorectal cancer diagnoses, 20% of patients have metastatic disease at presentation and another 25% who present with localized disease will later develop metastases. <h3>Observations</h3> Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer mortality for men and women in the United States, with 53 200 deaths projected in 2020. Among people diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer, approximately 70% to 75% of patients survive beyond 1 year, 30% to 35% beyond 3 years, and fewer than 20% beyond 5 years from diagnosis. The primary treatment for unresectable metastatic CRC is systemic therapy (cytotoxic chemotherapy, biologic therapy such as antibodies to cellular growth factors, immunotherapy, and their combinations.) Clinical trials completed in the past 5 years have demonstrated that tailoring treatment to the molecular and pathologic features of the tumor improves overall survival. Genomic profiling to detect somatic variants is important because it identifies the treatments that may be effective. For the 50% of patients with metastatic CRC with<i>KRAS/NRAS/BRAF</i>wild-type tumors, cetuximab and panitumumab (monoclonal antibodies to the epithelial growth factor receptor [EGFR]), in combination with chemotherapy, can extend median survival by 2 to 4 months compared with chemotherapy alone. However, for the 35% to 40% of patients with<i>KRAS</i>or<i>NRAS</i>sequence variations (formerly termed<i>mutations</i>), effective targeted therapies are not yet available. For the 5% to 10% with<i>BRAF V600E</i>sequence variations, targeted combination therapy with BRAF and EGFR inhibitors extended overall survival to 9.3 months, compared to 5.9 months for those receiving standard chemotherapy. For the 5% with microsatellite instability (the presence of numerous insertions or deletions at repetitive DNA units) or mismatch repair deficiency, immunotherapy may be used in the first or subsequent line and has improved treatment outcomes with a median overall survival of 31.4 months in previously treated patients. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Advances in molecular profiling of metastatic CRC facilitate the ability to direct treatments to the biologic features of the tumor for specific patient subsets. Although cures remain uncommon, more patients can anticipate extended survival. Genomic profiling allows treatment selection so that more patients derive benefit and fewer are exposed to toxicity from ineffective therapies.
Inhibition of ATM Induces Hypersensitivity to Proton Irradiation by Upregulating Toxic End Joining
Authors: Qin Zhou, Michelle E. Howard, Xinyi Tu, Qian Zhu, Janet M. Denbeigh, Nicholas B. Remmes, Michael G. Herman, Chris J. Beltran, Jian Yuan, Patricia T. Greipp, Judy C. Boughey, Liewei Wang, Neil Johnson, Matthew P. Goetz, Jann N. Sarkaria, Zhenkun Lou, Robert W. Mutter
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Proton Bragg peak irradiation has a higher ionizing density than conventional photon irradiation or the entrance of the proton beam profile. Whether targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) could enhance vulnerability to the distinct pattern of damage induced by proton Bragg peak irradiation is currently unknown. Here, we performed genetic or pharmacologic manipulation of key DDR elements and evaluated DNA damage signaling, DNA repair, and tumor control in cell lines and xenografts treated with the same physical dose across a radiotherapy linear energy transfer spectrum. Radiotherapy consisted of 6 MV photons and the entrance beam or Bragg peak of a 76.8 MeV spot scanning proton beam. More complex DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induced by Bragg peak proton irradiation preferentially underwent resection and engaged homologous recombination (HR) machinery. Unexpectedly, the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibitor, AZD0156, but not an inhibitor of ATM and Rad3-related, rendered cells hypersensitive to more densely ionizing proton Bragg peak irradiation. ATM inhibition blocked resection and shunted more DSBs to processing by toxic ligation through nonhomologous end-joining, whereas loss of DNA ligation via XRCC4 or Lig4 knockdown rescued resection and abolished the enhanced Bragg peak cell killing. Proton Bragg peak monotherapy selectively sensitized cell lines and tumor xenografts with inherent HR defects, and the repair defect induced by ATM inhibitor coadministration showed enhanced efficacy in HR-proficient models. In summary, inherent defects in HR or administration of an ATM inhibitor in HR-proficient tumors selectively enhances the relative biological effectiveness of proton Bragg peak irradiation. Significance: Coadministration of an ATM inhibitor rewires DNA repair machinery to render cancer cells uniquely hypersensitive to DNA damage induced by the proton Bragg peak, which is characterized by higher density ionization. See related commentary by Nickoloff, p. 3156
Abstract PS7-87: Incidence, treatment and survival of patients with brain metastases at initial metastatic breast cancer diagnosis: A real-world experience in national cancer center, China
Authors: Yiqun Li, Qiao Li, Hongnan Mo, Xiuwen Guan, Shaoyan Lin, Zijing Wang, Yimeng Chen, Ye Zhang, Dainan Zhang, Shanshan Chen, Ruigang Cai, Jiayu Wang, Yang Luo, Ying Fan, Peng Yuan, Pin Zhang, Qing Li, Fei Ma, Binghe Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Background: To characterize the incidence, treatment and survival of patients with brain metastases at initial diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in China. Methods: The China National Cancer Center database was used to identify 2087 MBC patients diagnosed between 2003 to 2015. Clinicopathological features, treatment and survival information were extracted. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression were performed to determine factors predictive of brain metastases at MBC diagnosis and survival, respectively. Results: Brain metastases occurred in ninety patients (4.3%) at MBC diagnosis, and in 27 patients (2.5%), 42 patients (7.2%) and 21 patients (5.2%) with hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+HER2-), HER2-positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), respectively. HER2-positive subtype (OR = 2.38; 95% CI 1.40 -4.04; p &amp;lt;0.0001), TNBC subtype (OR = 1.89; 95% CI 1.02-3.51; p =0.005), and metastases to all three sites of bone, liver and lungs (OR = 3.23; 95% CI 1.52-6.87; p =0.002) were shown to increase the risk of BM at MBC diagnosis. Median survival after BM was 23.7 months. First-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) improved survival compared to trastuzumab-based regimen (44.9 vs 35.4 months, p=0.09). Factors that independently decreased BM death risk were ECOG&amp;lt;2, brain metastases only and multidisciplinary treatment. Conclusion: HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes have a higher incidence of BM at initial MBC diagnosis. Brain screening might be considered in patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative diseases or with extensive extracranial metastases. First-line TKI and multidisciplinary treatment helped to extend survival. Citation Format: Yiqun Li, Qiao Li, Hongnan Mo, Xiuwen Guan, Shaoyan Lin, Zijing Wang, Yimeng Chen, Ye Zhang, Dainan Zhang, Shanshan Chen, Ruigang Cai, Jiayu Wang, Yang Luo, Ying Fan, Peng Yuan, Pin Zhang, Qing Li, Fei Ma, Binghe Xu. Incidence, treatment and survival of patients with brain metastases at initial metastatic breast cancer diagnosis: A real-world experience in national cancer center, China [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS7-87.
Virtual Reality Therapy in Mental Health
Authors: Paul M.G. Emmelkamp, Katharina Meyerbröker
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2021)

Initially designed for the treatment of phobias, the use of virtual reality in phobic disorders has expanded to other mental health disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, substance-related disorders, eating disorders, psychosis, and autism spectrum disorder. The goal of this review is to provide an accessible understanding of why this approach is important for future practice, given its potential to provide clinically relevant information associated with the assessment and treatment of people suffering from mental illness. Most of the evidence is available for the use of virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. There is hardly any evidence that virtual reality therapy is effective in generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. There is increasing evidence that cue exposure therapy is effective in addiction and eating disorders. Studies into the use of virtual reality therapy in psychosis, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are promising.