tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trends Among U.S. Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19, March to December 2020
Authors: Shikha Garg, Kadam Patel, Huong Pham, Michael Whitaker, Alissa O’Halloran, Jennifer Milucky, Onika Anglin, Pam D. Kirley, Arthur Reingold, Breanna Kawasaki, Rachel Herlihy, Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, Amber Maslar, Evan J. Anderson, Kyle P. Openo, Andrew Weigel, Kenzie Teno, Patricia A. Ryan, Maya L. Monroe, Libby Reeg, Sue Kim, Kathryn Como-Sabetti, Erica Bye, Sarah Shrum Davis, Nancy Eisenberg, Alison Muse, Grant Barney, Nancy M. Bennett, Christina B. Felsen, Laurie Billing, Jess Shiltz, Melissa Sutton, Nasreen Abdullah, H. Keipp Talbot, William Schaffner, Mary Hill, Ryan Chatelain, Jonathan Wortham, Christopher Taylor, Aron Hall, Alicia M. Fry, Lindsay Kim, Fiona P. Havers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial morbidity and mortality.To describe monthly clinical trends among adults hospitalized with COVID-19.Pooled cross-sectional study.99 counties in 14 states participating in the Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET).U.S. adults (aged ≥18 years) hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 during 1 March to 31 December 2020.Monthly hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and in-hospital death rates per 100 000 persons in the population; monthly trends in weighted percentages of interventions, including ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor use, among an age- and site-stratified random sample of hospitalized case patients.Among 116 743 hospitalized adults with COVID-19, the median age was 62 years, 50.7% were male, and 40.8% were non-Hispanic White. Monthly rates of hospitalization (105.3 per 100 000 persons), ICU admission (20.2 per 100 000 persons), and death (11.7 per 100 000 persons) peaked during December 2020. Rates of all 3 outcomes were highest among adults aged 65 years or older, males, and Hispanic or non-Hispanic Black persons. Among 18 508 sampled hospitalized adults, use of remdesivir and systemic corticosteroids increased from 1.7% and 18.9%, respectively, in March to 53.8% and 74.2%, respectively, in December. Frequency of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor use decreased from March (37.8%, 27.8%, and 22.7%, respectively) to December (20.5%, 12.3%, and 12.8%, respectively); use of noninvasive respiratory support increased from March to December.COVID-NET covers approximately 10% of the U.S. population; findings may not be generalizable to the entire country.Rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalization, ICU admission, and death were highest in December 2020, corresponding with the third peak of the U.S. pandemic. The frequency of intensive interventions for management of hospitalized patients decreased over time. These data provide a longitudinal assessment of clinical trends among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 before widespread implementation of COVID-19 vaccines.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Straglr: discovering and genotyping tandem repeat expansions using whole genome long-read sequences
Authors: Readman Chiu, Indhu-Shree Rajan-Babu, Jan M. Friedman, Inanc Birol
Journal: Genome biology (2021)

Abstract Tandem repeat (TR) expansion is the underlying cause of over 40 neurological disorders. Long-read sequencing offers an exciting avenue over conventional technologies for detecting TR expansions. Here, we present Straglr, a robust software tool for both targeted genotyping and novel expansion detection from long-read alignments. We benchmark Straglr using various simulations, targeted genotyping data of cell lines carrying expansions of known diseases, and whole genome sequencing data with chromosome-scale assembly. Our results suggest that Straglr may be useful for investigating disease-associated TR expansions using long-read sequencing.
Abstract 16383: Cardiomyocyte Cell-Cycle Re-Entry Potentiated by Cardiosphere-Derived Cell Therapy for Myocardial Infarction in Fate-Mapped Bitransgenic Mice
Authors: Konstantinos Malliaras, Yiqiang Zhang, Eleni Tseliou, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: The mechanisms of cardiac regeneration remain unclear. Here we consider cell-cycle re-entry of preformed cardiomyocytes (CMs) as an alternative to activation and/or recruitment of cardi...
Ischemic heart failure mortality is not predicted by cardiac insulin resistance but by diabetes per se and coronary flow reserve: A retrospective dynamic cardiac 18F-FDG PET study
Authors: Thien Vinh Luong, Mette Glavind Bülow Pedersen, Mette Louise Blouner Gram Kjærulff, Simon Madsen, Katrine Meyer Lauritsen, Lars Poulsen Tolbod, Esben Søndergaard, Lars Christian Gormsen
Journal: Metabolism (2021)

The connection between peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and coronary artery disease is well-established. Both are major risk factors for the development of ischemic cardiomyopathy potentially leading to heart failure (HF). Whether cardiac IR also impacts overall survival and morbidity is still debated. We therefore aimed to test if cardiac IR predicts mortality and major cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with HF scheduled for cardiac viability testing before revascularization.This retrospective study included 131 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ischemic HF (114 (87%) male, 33 (25%) with diabetes) referred to a viability Rubidium-82 (perfusion) and dynamic 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (metabolism) positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography prior to a potential revascularization procedure. Cardiac IR was assessed by myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) in a remote (non-scarred) area of the left ventricle during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (1mIE/kg/min).MGU correlated with skeletal muscle glucose uptake (p < 0.001) and whole-body glucose uptake (M-value) (p < 0.001), whereas no association was observed for individuals with diabetes. MGU did not predict the risk of death or MACE. However, both overt diabetes and reduced coronary flow reserve predicted overall survival.Even though diabetes and related small-vessel disease is associated with increased mortality, cardiac IR per se does not predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Abstract 17266: Right Atrial Volumes Changes in Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Ashish Patel, Divya Shakti, Chad Blackshear
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction &amp; Hypothesis: There is limited information on right atrial (RA) function in the congenital heart defects. RA volume and function may give insight into the right ventricle (RV) diastolic function. We sought to assess RA function in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients prior to and after complete surgical repair. Methods: Infants with TOF prior to complete repair were included for retrospective chart review and offline analysis of 2-dimensional echocardiograms (echo) before and after surgical repair. RA phasic volumes and stroke volumes were calculated. All volumes were indexed to body surface area. Results: There were 40 infants with TOF (45% females), of which 70% had pulmonary stenosis, 30% pulmonary atresia. Roughly 85% and 60% had 3, or more, echo available pre- and postoperatively. Table 1 (attached) shows the patient characteristics and phasic RA volumes. The indexed RA phasic volumes were in normal range in initial echo prior to surgery. We used normal index RA phasic volumes published by European Society of Echocardiography. There was the increasing trend of indexed RA phasic volume on follow up echo immediately before TOF repair. These phasic volumes continued to remain elevated after complete surgical repair (Table 1). Trends in RA stroke volumes for all available echos before and after surgery were modeled using a population-averaged model with an exchangeable within-panel correlation structure (Figure 2), showing no statistically significant difference after surgery. But there was statistical significance noted in RA ejection fraction. Please see attached image for statistical analysis and results of the study. Conclusions: The indexed RA phasic volumes in children with TOF are normal initially and increases before TOF repair and it continued to increase after TOF repair. The increase RA phasic volumes suggest RV diastolic dysfunction similar to the findings of LA phasic volumes and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Our findings indicate slow worsening RV diastolic function in patients with TOF after surgical repair. RA volume and function can be the novel marker to diagnose and monitor right ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
Long-Term Risk for Major Bleeding During Extended Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for First Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Faizan Khan, Tobias Tritschler, Miriam Kimpton, Philip S. Wells, Clive Kearon, Jeffrey I. Weitz, Harry R. Büller, Gary E. Raskob, Walter Ageno, Francis Couturaud, Paolo Prandoni, Gualtiero Palareti, Cristina Legnani, Paul A. Kyrle, Sabine Eichinger, Lisbeth Eischer, Cecilia Becattini, Giancarlo Agnelli, Maria Cristina Vedovati, Geert-Jan Geersing, Toshihiko Takada, Benilde Cosmi, Drahomir Aujesky, Letizia Marconi, Antonio Palla, Sergio Siragusa, Charlotte A. Bradbury, Sameer Parpia, Ranjeeta Mallick, Anthonie W.A. Lensing, Martin Gebel, Michael A. Grosso, Kednapa Thavorn, Brian Hutton, Gregoire Le Gal, Dean A. Fergusson, Marc A. Rodger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

The long-term risk for major bleeding in patients receiving extended (beyond the initial 3 to 6 months) anticoagulant therapy for a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) is uncertain.To determine the incidence of major bleeding during extended anticoagulation of up to 5 years among patients with a first unprovoked VTE, overall, and in clinically important subgroups.MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to 23 July 2021.Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies reporting major bleeding among patients with a first unprovoked VTE who were to receive oral anticoagulation for a minimum of 6 additional months after completing at least 3 months of initial anticoagulant treatment.Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed study quality. Unpublished data required for analyses were obtained from authors of included studies.Among the 14 RCTs and 13 cohort studies included in the analysis, 9982 patients received a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and 7220 received a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). The incidence of major bleeding per 100 person-years was 1.74 events (95% CI, 1.34 to 2.20 events) with VKAs and 1.12 events (CI, 0.72 to 1.62 events) with DOACs. The 5-year cumulative incidence of major bleeding with VKAs was 6.3% (CI, 3.6% to 10.0%). Among patients receiving either a VKA or a DOAC, the incidence of major bleeding was statistically significantly higher among those who were older than 65 years or had creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min, a history of bleeding, concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy, or a hemoglobin level less than 100 g/L. The case-fatality rate of major bleeding was 8.3% (CI, 5.1% to 12.2%) with VKAs and 9.7% (CI, 3.2% to 19.2%) with DOACs.Data were insufficient to estimate incidence of major bleeding beyond 1 year of extended anticoagulation with DOACs.In patients with a first unprovoked VTE, the long-term risks and consequences of anticoagulant-related major bleeding are considerable. This information will help inform patient prognosis and guide decision making about treatment duration for unprovoked VTE.Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (PROSPERO: CRD42019128597).
P-156 A European chart review of treatment patterns and outcomes for patients with resected esophageal cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer
Authors: P. Singh, H. Xiao, J. Gricar, D. Mackie, M. DeCongelio, A. Bulkley, P. Casabianca, I. Kaspar, C. Polanco Sanchez, D. Jaffe
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Cohort and nested case-control study of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in solid organ transplant recipients, by medication
Authors: Jennifer R. Dusendang, Ekama Carlson, David S. Lee, Sangeeta Marwaha, Shabnam Madani, Stacey E. Alexeeff, Allison Webber, Nelson B. Goes, Lisa J. Herrinton
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Corrigendum to ‘First-line atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: IMpassion130 final overall survival analysis’
Authors: L.A. Emens, S. Adams, C.H. Barrios, V. Diéras, H. Iwata, S. Loi, H.S. Rugo, A. Schneeweiss, E.P. Winer, S. Patel, V. Henschel, A. Swat, M. Kaul, L. Molinero, S. Patel, S.Y. Chui, P. Schmid
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)

The authors regret that in the title and throughout the text the term "unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer" should have been given as "unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer". The correct title is as now given above. Similarly, for "unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic TNBC" read "unresectable locally advanced or metastatic TNBC". The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. First-line atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel for unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: IMpassion130 final overall survival analysisAnnals of OncologyVol. 32Issue 8PreviewGuidelines recommend atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel (A + nP) for first-line treatment of unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer expressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IC), based on IMpassion130. We report the final overall survival (OS) and safety of that study as per the prespecified analysis plan. Full-Text PDF Open Access
ДУ «Інститут гастроентерології НАМН України», м. Дніпропетровськ
Authors: Yu.M. Stepanov, O.O. Krylovа
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

В огляді літератури наведені причини прихованих шлунково-кишкових кровотеч і висвітлено роль ангіодисплазій (артеріовенозних мальформацій) у їх розвитку. Наведені результати власного дослідження — виявлення методом капсульної ендоскопії артеріовенозної мальформації тонкої кишки великих розмірів, що була причиною прихованої шлунково-кишкової кровотечі, яка періодично повторювалася упродовж 14 років.
Microbes in lung cancer initiation, treatment, and outcome: Boon or bane?
Authors: Haoyue Guo, Lishu Zhao, Junjie Zhu, Peixin Chen, Hao Wang, Minlin Jiang, Xiaogang Liu, Hui Sun, Wencheng Zhao, Zixuan Zheng, Wei Li, Bin Chen, Qiyu Fang, Menghang Yang, Yayi He, Yang Yang
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2021)
Chronic leukemias
Authors: V. A. Morrison
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1994)

Chronic leukemias include a broad spectrum of disorders generally characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of mature, differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system. Clinical manifestations and treatment strategies vary widely among the disorders. In some cases, immediate aggressive treatment is required; while in others, it is more appropriate to withhold immediate treatment and perhaps not treat at all. This article reviews the pathologic features, clinical characteristics, and treatment of chronic leukemias.
Cerebral venous thrombosis after vaccination against COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Richard J Perry, Arina Tamborska, Bhagteshwar Singh, Brian Craven, Richard Marigold, Peter Arthur-Farraj, Jing Ming Yeo, Liqun Zhang, Ghaniah Hassan-Smith, Matthew Jones, Christopher Hutchcroft, Esther Hobson, Dana Warcel, Daniel White, Phillip Ferdinand, Alastair Webb, Tom Solomon, Marie Scully, David J Werring, Christine Roffe, Sara Al-izzi, Aravindhan Baheerathan, Soma Banerjee, Gary Benson, Claudia Boshier, Sandeep Buddha, Nathan Burley, Ruaridh Cameron Smail, Arvind Chandratheva, Pavel Chudakou, Philip Clatworthy, Alasdair Coles, Thomas Cox, Ranjit Dasgupta, Richard Davenport, Darrell Devine, Stephen Fenlon, Carolyn Gabriel, Rita Ghatala, Claire Hall, Milan Hargovan, Kirsty Harkness, Ian Harvey, Lucy Hicken, Laura Howaniec, Abubaker Ibnouf, Luis Idrovo, Gordon Ingle, Yong Kyan Lee, Ailidh Lang, Simon McBride, Malcolm McLeod, Ruth Medlock, Puja Mehta, Ian Morrison, Girish Muddegowda, Sharon Muzerengi, Donald Pang, Gopinath Periyasamy, Gavin Preston, Naomi Priestley, Lydia Revicka, Sadia Saber, Elliott Smith, Youssef Sorour, Oliver Spooner, Jon Stone, Laszlo Sztriha, Narmathey Thambirajah, Rhys Thomas, David Veale, Jasmine Wall, Sarah White, James White, Syarah Yusoff, Laura Zambreanu
Journal: The Lancet (2021)
Screening for Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Cuilin Zhang, Patrick Catalano
Journal: JAMA (2021)

US Preventive Services Task Force; Karina W. Davidson, PhD, MASc; Michael J. Barry, MD; Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH; Michael Cabana, MD, MA, MPH; Aaron B. Caughey, MD, PhD; Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH; Katrina E. Donahue, MD, MPH; Chyke A. Doubeni, MD, MPH; Martha Kubik, PhD, RN; Li Li, MD, PhD, MPH; Gbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MPH; Lori Pbert, PhD; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; James Stevermer, MD, MSPH; Chien-Wen Tseng, MD, MPH, MSEE; John B. Wong, MD
Leaders call for NHS funding boost as data show 5.5 million patients are waiting for routine care
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Healthcare leaders have called for more funding for the NHS as data show that 5.45 million patients in England are now waiting for routine care.

Data published by NHS England and NHS Improvement on 12 August show that the number of patients waiting for consultant led elective care in June had risen to 5 454 314. Of those, 304 803 patients had been waiting more than 52 weeks.1

Deborah Ward, senior analyst at the health think tank the King’s Fund, warned that waiting lists had the potential to grow further, as …
Melanoma Metastases to the Adrenal Gland Are Highly Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Jessica S.W. Borgers, Richard P. Tobin, Robert J. Torphy, Victoria M. Vorwald, Robert J. Van Gulick, Carol M. Amato, Dasha T. Cogswell, Tugs-Saikhan Chimed, Kasey L. Couts, Adrie Van Bokhoven, Christopher D. Raeburn, Karl D. Lewis, Joshua Wisell, Martin D. McCarter, Rao R. Mushtaq, William A. Robinson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Background: Adrenal gland metastases (AGMs) are common in advanced-stage melanoma, occurring in up to 50% of patients. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has markedly altered the outcome of patients with melanoma. However, despite significant successes, anecdotal evidence has suggested that treatment responses in AGMs are significantly lower than in other metastatic sites. We sought to investigate whether having an AGM is associated with altered outcomes and whether ICI responses are dampened in the adrenal glands. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively compared ICI responses and overall survival (OS) in 68 patients with melanoma who were diagnosed with an AGM and a control group of 100 patients without AGMs at a single institution. Response was determined using RECIST 1.1. OS was calculated from time of ICI initiation, anti–PD-1 initiation, initial melanoma diagnosis, and stage IV disease diagnosis. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were characterized in 9 resected AGMs using immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Response rates of AGMs were significantly lower compared with other metastatic sites in patients with AGMs (16% vs 22%) and compared with those without AGMs (55%). Patients with AGMs also had significantly lower median OS compared with those without AGMs (3.1 years vs not reached, respectively). We further observed that despite this, AGMs exhibited high levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Conclusions: In this cohort of patients with melanoma, those diagnosed with an AGM had lower ICI response rates and OS. These results suggest that tissue-specific microenvironments of AGMs present unique challenges that may require novel, adrenal gland–directed therapies or surgical resection.
Metal- and metalloid-based compounds to target and reverse cancer multidrug resistance
Authors: Andreia Valente, Ana Podolski-Renić, Isabella Poetsch, Nenad Filipović, Óscar López, Iztok Turel, Petra Heffeter
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2021)

Drug resistance remains the major cause of cancer treatment failure especially at the late stage of the disease. However, based on their versatile chemistry, metal and metalloid compounds offer the possibility to design fine-tuned drugs to circumvent and even specifically target drug-resistant cancer cells. Based on the paramount importance of platinum drugs in the clinics, two main areas of drug resistance reversal strategies exist: overcoming resistance to platinum drugs as well as multidrug resistance based on ABC efflux pumps. The current review provides an overview of both aspects of drug design and discusses the open questions in the field. The areas of drug resistance covered in this article involve: 1) Altered expression of proteins involved in metal uptake, efflux or intracellular distribution, 2) Enhanced drug efflux via ABC transporters, 3) Altered metabolism in drug-resistant cancer cells, 4) Altered thiol or redox homeostasis, 5) Altered DNA damage recognition and enhanced DNA damage repair, 6) Impaired induction of apoptosis and 7) Altered interaction with the immune system. This review represents the first collection of metal (including platinum, ruthenium, iridium, gold, and copper) and metalloid drugs (e.g. arsenic and selenium) which demonstrated drug resistance reversal activity. A special focus is on compounds characterized by collateral sensitivity of ABC transporter-overexpressing cancer cells. Through this approach, we wish to draw the attention to open research questions in the field. Future investigations are warranted to obtain more insights into the mechanisms of action of the most potent compounds which target specific modalities of drug resistance.
Prostate cancer screening using a combination of risk-prediction, MRI, and targeted prostate biopsies (STHLM3-MRI): a prospective, population-based, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Tobias Nordström, Andrea Discacciati, Martin Bergman, Mark Clements, Markus Aly, Magnus Annerstedt, Axel Glaessgen, Stefan Carlsson, Fredrik Jäderling, Martin Eklund, Henrik Grönberg, Carin Cavalli-Björkman, Astrid Björklund, Britt-Marie Hune, Mark Clements, Shuang Hao, Andrea Discacciati, Henrik Grönberg, Martin Eklund, Tobias Nordström, Stefan Carlsson, Markus Aly, Mats Walldén, Ola Steinberg, Karl Andersson, Fredrik Jäderling, Fredrik Wimmercranz, Edward Meurling, Axel Gleassgen, Nada Majeed, Rihab Awadelkarim, Ing-Marie Fyhr, Dag Sandström, Linda Waage, Otabek Imamov, Rafael Lantz, Andreas Thorstensson, Carl Stiernstedt, Dushaid Wande, Gunnar Trygg, Harald Söderbäck, Jerzy Michajlowski, Lars Leykamm, Nils-Erik Svedberg, Tommy Bergman, Raimundas Sabockis, Sirvan Akrawi, Martin Bergman, Magnus Annerstedt
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2021)
Letter to the Editor: Unanswered questions about hepatitis B virus infection in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Xiu‐He Lv, Jin‐Lin Yang, Kai Deng
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

1Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina 2Sichuan University‐Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer CentreWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina *Correspondence Jin‐Lin Yang, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan, PR China. Email: [email protected]
Family policy and food insecurity: an observational analysis in 142 countries
Authors: Aaron Reeves, Rachel Loopstra, Valerie Tarasuk
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2021)

Levels of child malnutrition and hunger across the world have decreased substantially over the past century, and this has had an important role in reducing mortality and improving health. However, progress has stalled. We examined whether family policies (eg, cash transfers from governments that aim to support households with children) are associated with reduced food insecurity.