tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
International communication
Authors: M. Kornfeld
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Sir Winston Churchill, in a speech delivered at Harvard University in 1943, said: "There is a need for a universal language and progress is being made with a simplified form of the English language." During the ensuing 27 years, American English, due to international travel, radio, television, and the printed word, has become the means of international communication. As defined in<i>The Reader's Digest Great Encyclopedic Dictionary</i>, American English is the English language as spoken in the United States, with especial reference to pronunciation and vocabulary. William Morris, of the Heritage Publishing Company, in a radio broadcast on Oct 26, 1969, stated that American English is now the accepted language for international communication and that the company's dictionary for overseas consumption reflects this trend. This has been particularly evident in medicine. To keep abreast of current developments in medical science, both undergraduate and postgraduate medical students have been studying American
DIAGNOSIS AND OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINES.Read by Invitation in the Surgical Section of the Tenth International Medical Congress, August 8, 1890.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1890)

The existence of a visceral lesion of the stomach or intestines must be suspected in every case where a bullet penetrates the abdominal cavity ; hence the first step in the diagnosis of gunshot injuries of these organs must be directed towards establishing the fact that penetration has occurred. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN NON-PENETRATING AND PENETRATING GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF THE ABDOMEN. This part of the diagnosis may be easy or difficult, according to circumstances. If the bullet has passed through the body, and the wounds of entrance and exit occupy such positions that a direct line connecting them will necessarily pass through the abdominal cavity, there can be but little doubt that both abdominal walls have been perforated at opposite points, and that the bullet has traversed that part of the peritoneal cavity interposed between them. In obese persons, the exact outlines of the peritoneal cavity cannot be located with absolute
LONDON
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ecologic Studies in Epidemiology: Concepts, Principles, and Methods
Authors: H. Morgenstern
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1995)

An ecologic study focuses on the comparison of groups, rather than individuals; thus, individual-level data are missing on the joint distribution, of variables within groups. Variables in an ecologic analysis may be aggregate measures, environmental measures, or global measures. The purpose of an ecologic analysis may be to make biologic inferences about effects on individual risks or to make ecologic inferences about effects on group rates. Ecologic study designs may be classified on two dimensions: (a) whether the primary group is measured (exploratory vs analytic study); and (b) whether subjects grouped by place (multiple-group study), by time (time-trend study), or place and time (mixed study). Despite several practical advantages of ecologic studies, there are many methodologic problems that severely limit causal inference, including ecologic and cross-level bias, problems of confounder control, within-group misclassification, lack of adequate data, temporal ambiguity, collinearity, and migration across groups.
Leukocyte activation in the peripheral blood of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and SIRS. Correlation with serum interleukin-6 levels and organ dysfunction
Authors: A. J. Rosenbloom
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Leukocyte adhesion plays an important role in inflammation. Adhesion molecules such as CD11b on polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNs) up-regulate in response to tumor necrosis factor—α, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and other mediators that are involved in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This study examined the behavior of CD11b and other membrane molecules in SIRS in relation to serum cytokines and the severity of illness. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Liver transplantation intensive care unit at a tertiary care center. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A consecutive sample of 22 patients admitted to the liver transplantation intensive care unit for complications related to cirrhosis of the liver in the absence of other disease. Sixteen of the patients developed SIRS and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with suspected bacterial infections. Seven control subjects were also studied. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Modified Goris organ failure score and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score. <h3>Results.</h3> —Mean serum IL-6 levels, but not IL-1 β or tumor necrosis factor—α levels, correlated with organ failure (<i>r</i>=0.79,<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Leukocyte cell-surface markers fluctuated from day to day. The mean of several values was more stable. Mean CD11b and CD35 on PMNs correlated with serum IL-6 level (<i>r</i>=0.75,<i>P</i>&lt;.001, and<i>r</i>=0.77,<i>P</i>&lt;.005, respectively). Up-regulation of both CD11b and CD35 display on PMNs correlated with organ failure (<i>r</i>=0.74,<i>P</i>&lt;.001, and<i>r</i>=0.71,<i>P</i>&lt;.01, respectively). Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte L-selectin, CD31, and CD16 were simultaneously decreased, consistent with PMN activation. Monocytes appeared to be activated, but the pattern of surface molecule display was different. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In human SIRS, the circulating monocyte and PMN pools undergo alterations suggestive of leukocyte activation, including up-regulation of PMN CD11b in correlation with the serum IL-6 level and severity of organ dysfunction. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:58-65)
Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Robert E. Cronin
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In view of the many clinical nephrology texts that have appeared in the past few years, one can legitimately ask whether this long (797 pages) monograph by Brenner and Lazarus is really needed. After a careful review, I am convinced that the end product more than justifies its existence. The authors' aim is to provide a state-of-the-art, in-depth volume dealing with all aspects of acute renal failure. The book is divided into five sections: pathophysiology, clinical spectrum, metabolic consequences, management, and protective mechanisms and mechanisms for enhancing recovery. Section 1 reviews the old and new studies on the pathogenesis of acute renal failure. The first two chapters deal with cellular and biochemical studies and suggest that important new research directions have been found. While coverage of the various theories and experimental models of acute renal failure is generally well done and balanced, I found the chapter on experimental obstruction of
Hepatic release of erythropoietin induced by transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: M PIRISI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

It has been shown previously that erythropoietin expression in vitro by hepatoma cells increases in response to hypoxia. To verify whether hypoxia of the tumor might result in hepatic release of erythropoietin in vivo, serum erythropoietin concentrations were measured immunoenzymatically in 12 patients (5 women, 7 men) who underwent transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Peripheral blood samples were collected at baseline, and after 6 hours and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after the procedure. In a second set of experiments, performed in three male patients also undergoing chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma, paired blood samples were collected after catheterization of the hepatic veins and of the right antecubital vein. None of the patients had erythrocytosis. In comparison with a baseline mean value ± SEM of 100.6 ± 12.6 μg/L, serum erythropoietin concentrations were the following; +6 hours, 55.4 ± 18.0 (P < .001); +1 day, 102.4 ± 24.7 (P = NS), +2 days, 183.0 ± 31.1 (P < .05); +3 days, 155.0 ± 26.0 (P < .05); +7 days, 153.3 ± 27.4 (P < .05) (matched Student's t-test). The ratio of hepatic vein/antecubital vein serum erythropoietin concentrations increased from 0.85 at baseline to 1.30 at +2 days, paralleling the increase of aspartate transaminase (r = .914, P < .005). After chemoembolization, no correlation was found between serum erythropoietin and alpha-1-fetoprotein concentrations. The concentration of the latter, stable initially, decreased 7 days after the procedure. These findings demonstrate that in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma hepatic release of erythropoietin can occur not only for unregulated paraneoplastic production by tumor cells but also as a predictable response to local hypoxia in the liver. (HEPATOLOGY 1995; 22:148–152.)
Adverse Reactions to Spironolactone
Authors: David J. Greenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Of 13,349 hospitalized medical patients monitored in a drug surveillance program, 788 (5.9%) received spironolactone during one or more admissions. Adverse reactions were attributed to spironolactone in 164 patients (20.8%). Hyperkalemia was reported in 68 patients (8.6%). Frequency increased with the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and reached 20.3% in patients with BUN values of 50 mg/100 ml or greater. Hyperkalemia was far more common in patients who received potassium chloride concurrently (15.8%) than in those who did not (5.7%). Of patients with BUN values of 50 mg/100 ml or greater who received potassium chloride, 42.1% became hyperkalemic. Other adverse reactions were less common; dehydration (3.4%), hyponatremia (2.4%), gastrointestinal symptoms (2.3%), neurological disturbances (2.0%), and skin rashes (0.5%). The frequency of these events was not related to BUN levels.
Antioxidant Supplements and Mortality
Authors: Demetrius Albanes
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NORWAY
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Location of Lesion in Eyelid Carcinoma Called Key Consideration in Choice of Therapy
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lysosomes
Authors: Gerald Weissmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Labilization and Stabilization of LysosomesSince the membranes bounding lysosomes appeared to resemble the unit membranes that surround erythrocytes, and since these have been assumed to be lipoprotein in nature, it was reasonable to expect that a number of membrane-active drugs, vitamins, toxins or other substances might act to labilize or stabilize the surface of lysosomes. Table 2 lists some of the agents that rupture lysosomes in vitro. It will soon be appreciated that most, if not all, of these are also hemolytic117 , 118; many affect mitochondria85, 119 as well. Most of the fat-soluble steroids and hormones exert their effects at concentrations of . . .
Treatment for Obesity
Authors: Eugene V. Boisaubin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Combined residencies among community hospitals
Authors: M. Michael
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This is a report of a decade of experience I have had with attempts at coordination of educational programs in a group of community hospitals. It has been imperative to maintain a state of flexibility since the approach has been one of studied trial and error. There have been some significant results. Jacksonville (Fla) Hospitals Educational Program (JHEP) was founded in 1958. The charge in its charter is to "coordinate the training of interns and residents among several member hospitals." The real reason behind the founding of this nonprofit consortium of hospitals is rather difficult to ascertain. I suppose, basically, like most maneuvers, it was aimed at providing a more attractive lure for that most precious commodity, the intern and resident. In this, as in all such efforts, if the attraction of interns and residents remains the sole purpose, then failure will be the result. If on the other hand,
Some of the Physiologic Factors of the Neuroses of Childhood
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
JAMA Dermatology
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Mission Statement JAMA Dermatology publishes information concerning the skin, its diseases, and their treatment.Its mission is to explicate the structure and function of the skin and its diseases and the art of using this information to deliver optimal medical and surgical care to the patient.We attempt to enhance the understanding of cutaneous pathophysiology and improve the clinician's ability to diagnose and treat skin disorders.This journal has a particular interest in publishing clinical and laboratory studies that reveal new information pertinent to the interests and needs of the medical dermatologist, dermatologic surgeon, and all those concerned with state-of-the-art care of cutaneous disease.We believe that knowledge derived from well-designed clinical trials and studies of cost-eff ectiveness are especially important for improving the practice of dermatology.Studies that increase the understanding of the outcome of treatment or the means by which the burden of dermatologic disease can be measured and reduced to promote the health of patients with skin disease will receive special priority.The journal regularly publishes reports on clinical investigations, editorials, and reviews.It also features reports and discussions on clinicopathologic correlations; clinical disorders of unique didactic value; pharmacologic, medical and surgical therapeutics; and ethical, moral, socioeconomic, and political issues.
Rusty Nails
Authors: JOSEPH E. HARDISON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Ad Libitum1 September 1983Rusty NailsJOSEPH E. HARDISON, M.D.JOSEPH E. HARDISON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-3-418_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHe sat on the old porch in the straightbacked cane-bottomed chair staring at his bare feetbig feet brown from the suntough enough to run on cindersor a hard scrabble roadHe could pick up a marble with his toesand could even throw it in a general directionbut he couldn't shoot marbles with his toesIt was funny how you didn't thinkof your toes until you stumpeda big one on a flint rockor jammed the middle oneon the foot of the bedin the middle of the nightwhen you had to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Atlanta, Georgia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1983Volume 99, Issue 3Page: 418-418 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Treatment experience with pregnant problem drinkers
Authors: H. L. Rosett
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Therapy for heavy drinking was integrated with routine prenatal care at Boston City Hospital's women's clinic. Of 49 pregnant problem drinkers who participated in at least three counseling sessions, 33 (67%) reduced alcohol consumption before the third trimester. Therapeutic success was achieved with some of the heaviest drinkers. The desire to have a healthy baby was a powerful motivating force. Supportive counseling focused on reduction of alcohol consumption and potential benefits to the fetus. Guilt-provoking criticism was avoided. Referrals were made when women did not respond within two weeks. Planning of treatment strategies was facilitated by classification into social, symptom, and alcohol-dependence phases. Primary providers who are knowledgeable, interested, and accepting can successfully treat pregnant patients at risk from alcohol. Examinations of two cohorts of newborns have previously demonstrated benefits to offspring when heavy drinking ceased before the third trimester. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2029-2033)
Pneumocystis carinii
Authors: W. B. Hamlin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In 300 cases of leukemia and malignant lymphoma, the overall incidence of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>infestation was 5% as compared to a 1% incidence in 110 infants and 0% in 245 consecutive autopsies (excluding newborns and patients with leukemia or lymphoma). Gomori's methenamine silver staining is recommended as a routine procedure in the examination of lung tissue in all cases of leukemia and malignant lymphoma. It is suggested that the recognition of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>infestation will increase significantly with this technique.