tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Jaundice
Authors: A. Paton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The physician makes the same mistake a thousand times and calls it experience."Diagnosis of the cause of jaundice in most adult patients is not difficult.The ingredients of success are patience, per- sistence, and a modicum of self-doubt.These qualities are particularly necessary in the small but important group of patients in whom obstructive jaundicemay be due to intra- hepatic causes. Clinical Features SymptomsTypical infectious hepatitis begins with a prodromal period of diagnostic symptoms, often labelled "gastric 'flu" before jaundice appears.Abdominal discomfort, sometimes over the liver, is accompanied by anorexia and severe nausea so that the thought, smell, and sight of food may cause revulsion.Vomiting and either diarrhoea or constipation may be present.If the patient smokes complete aversion to tobacco is charac- teristic.Fever and transient irritation of the skin are additional features.These symptoms seldom last longer than ten days and it is unwise to make a diagnosis of infectious hepatitis without them.On occasion abdominal pain may be more severe, and I have seen one young boy operated on for acute appendicitis, fortu- nately without ill-effects.If pain rather than discomfort is a feature differentiation from gallstones is impossible in the early stages, but the latter is seldom accompanied by the con- stitutional ill-health of infectious hepatitis.Rigors are due to extrahepatic obstruction, commonly from gallstones or a carcinoma, and the patient should be closely questioned for this symptom.All too often jaundice due to gallstones is not accompanied by pain, there are no prodromal symptoms, and the problem is to distinguish it from other causes of chole- stasis, both extrahepatic and intrahepatic.Extrahepatic obstruction due to carcinoma is almost in- variably insidious and painless unless complicated by cholan- gitis.Well-being is often preserved, and weight loss-being a feature of any type of jaundice-is an unhelpful symptom unless extreme.Pruritus is prominent but in extreme form suggests intrahepatic cholestasis.Intrahepatic cholestasis is a relatively recent concept and implies that biliary obstruction occurs within the liver.There are many varieties,' some of which arise as complications of pregnancy, operation, severe infection, and haemolytic syn- dromes, or in association with alcoholic liver disease and portal and biliary cirrhosis.But the two commonest types are cholestatic hepatitis (a variant of infectious hepatitis) and drug- induced cholestasis; and since in each painless, progressive jaundice may arise in a previously healthy patient differentia- tion from extrahepatic obstruction is often extremely difficult.
Collectanea Medica
Authors: J. D. Jeffery
Journal: BMJ (1842)

would ultimately finid out his mistake.At the same tiine, I told him that no operationi could be uniattended with danger.After a short tine Air.Elliot operated, cut down upon the membranous portioni of the urethra, dilated the prostate, and took away one small stone.COLLECTANEA MEDICA.
Abstract 17252: Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction is Associated With Increased Cardiac Hospitalizations
Authors: Vikashsingh Rambhujun, Vijayapraveena Paruchuri, Abdul Moiz Hafiz, Catherine Kreatsoulas, Joshua DeLeon, Kevin Marzo, Juan Gaztanaga
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Prominent left ventricular trabeculations or left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is observed now more often with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The significance of LVNC in patients with preserved ejection fraction remains unknown however it may be a precursor to cardiomyopathy. Hypothesis: This study is aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with LVNC and preserved LV function compared to patients with normal myocardial anatomy and function. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients referred for cardiac MRI between October 2012 and July 2017. Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease and infiltrative heart disease were excluded. Patients with prominent trabeculations and a noncompacted to compacted myocardial ratio ≥ 2.3 with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction of ≥ 50% were included. The primary outcome is defined as cardiac hospitalizations resulting from chest pain, arrhythmias, syncope, and congestive heart failure. These patients were compared to patients who underwent cardiac MRI with preserved function and normal myocardial anatomy. Results: There were a total of 39 patients who met criteria of LVNC with preserved function by MRI. These were compared to 59 patients with preserved function and normal myocardial anatomy on MRI. There was no significant difference in demographics and LV size and function between the groups. In comparison with the control group, the LVNC group had a mean age of 44 ± 14 versus 42 ± 16, 62% female sex versus 59%, LV EF of 59 ± 5% versus 62 ± 6%, LV end diastolic volume of 148 ± 26 ml versus 146 ± 40 ml. There were a total of 7 cardiac hospitalizations, of which 5 occurred in patients with LVNC. LVNC was associated with a greater than 4-fold increased risk of events (HR4.6, 95%CI 1.0-21.8) (figure) Conclusions: In patients with preserved EF, LVNC anatomy is significantly associated with increased cardiac hospitalizations.
THE TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Haematuria.
Authors: P J Boyd
Journal: BMJ (1977)

If one's desire to uproot family and home is strong enough, and one is patient enough to cope with the bureaucratic maze, compulsive enough to fill out a mountain of forms, and indus- trious enough to swot up the basic sciences and all for three lengthy examinations, then it only takes a few hours to cross the Atlantic.Negotiating the red tape is good practice and will ease one's acclimatisation to the American way of life.Could that be why it's done this way ?
Identifying and Preparing for the Mental Health Burden of Climate Change
Authors: Nick Obradovich, Kelton Minor
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with urogenital fascia preservation for mid-low rectal cancer: Anatomical basis and clinical effect - Experimental research
Authors: Hailong Liu, Yi Chang, Ajian Li, Wenchao Wang, Liang Lv, Jian Peng, Zhihui Pan, Huihong Jiang, Moubin Lin
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2022)
Building or Extending a Hospital Department: Radiology a Path through the Planning Minefield (7)
Authors: E J Roebuck, D J Manton, G L Fordham
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

This is the seventh of a series of articles on the planning and building of a new radiology department or the extension of an old one. While the series focuses on a radiology department, it will be of interest to anyone who is planning any part of a hospital, particularly in the detailed information about the planning process and the part to be played by hospital staff during the subsequent building and commissioning. (The first article in the series appeared in the January issue, p 40.)
First look at patient reported outcomes from IRONMAN, the international registry of men with advanced prostate cancer.
Authors: Emily Rencsok, Daniel J. George, Philip W. Kantoff, Paul Villanti, Jake Vinson, Travis A. Gerke, Terry Hyslop, Lorelei A Mucci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

69 Background: While population-based estimates of advanced prostate cancer survivors are lacking, an estimated 180,000 men in the US are living with metastatic prostate cancer. Their survivorship experience is distinct from localized patients as they suffer quality of life detriments both due to the severity of disease and its therapies. We examined quality-of-life indictors among men in the IRONMAN global registry of advanced prostate cancer. Methods: IRONMAN (International Registry of Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer) is a population-based prospective study of men with newly diagnosed advanced, metastatic hormone-sensitive (mHSPC) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) enrolled from 16 countries. We report data from first 1865 men enrolled, 1567 who completed a baseline Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) in the US (N=581), Canada (N=245), Spain (N=166), UK (N=204), Australia (N=126), Switzerland (N=88), Sweden (N=70), Ireland (N=46), and Brazil (N=41). PROMs are collected at baseline and every three months using electronic (90%) or paper versions of validated questionnaires. Results: The cohort includes 1,128 men with mHSPC and 737 with CRPC. Based on self-report, 9% of men overall (18% in the US) are Black and 83% are white (78% in the US). Sleep problems were common among men at enrollment, with 59% of men reporting problems with insomnia. The prevalence was similarly high among men with mHSPC or CRPC disease. Ten percent of men reported that pain substantially interfered with daily activities, and 24% reported pain had some effect. Physical functioning was high among both mHSPC (median 93.3, 80-100) and CRPC (median 86.7, 73.3-100) patients based on EORTC QLQ-30. Global health status was similar between the two groups (median 75, 58.3 - 83.3). More than 25% of men reported some cognitive impairment at baseline. Financial difficulties due to the disease and treatment were quite high, ranging from 12% in Sweden, 16% in Canada and Spain, 34% in the US, and 46% in Brazil. Conclusions: Men with advanced prostate cancer experience a range of quality of life detriments which impair overall health. While at baseline, many of these measures were similar among men with mHSPC and CRPC, we will continue to monitor these over time to examine changes in quality of life associated with disease progression and treatments. A longer-term goal is to identify opportunities for intervention to improve quality of life and potentially improve survival. Clinical trial information: NCT03151629.
Chronic diarrhoea.
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Diarrhoea which lasts longer than two weeks can be called chronic.To provide perspective diarrhoea starting at any age will be discussed here.In Britain chronic diarrhoea with normal growth between the ages of 1 and 3 years is usually of no sinister significance.It is popularly known as "toddler diarrhoea" and is probably due to failure to chew food.In developing countries chronic diarrhoea is often caused by acute or chronic intestinal infection.In all parts of the world acute gastroenteritis may be followed by chronic diarrhoea, and the importance of cows' milk protein intolerance and secondary lactase deficiency as causes of this syndrome is controversial.Malabsorption may be presumed if there is chronic diarrhoea and the growth chart shows inadequate weight gain.Coeliac disease and cystic fibrosis are both uncommon; each occurs in about one in 2000 children.
From the Secretary of Health and Human Services
Authors: L. W. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tracheostomy.
Authors: A. C. Smith, J. H. Kerr, J. M. Spalding
Journal: BMJ (1969)

BRsITIH 383midline.This included one case seen two hours after attendance at hospital where the patient was given ampicillin and paracetamol.Detorsion relieves the pain immediately and dramatically and the testis descends in the scrotum with immediate relief to the patient.Analgesics may not be needed to do this.This does not of course reduce the need for operation on both sides, 'since recurrence is likely, but it does make operation less urgent, and may be a useful practical pro- cedure while awaiting anaesthesia or make the operation an elective one.-Iam, etc.,
Child health.
Authors: G J Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Much of the mortality and morbidity among children in developing countries is preventable.The three main causes of admissions to hospital are protein energy malnutrition, respira- tory infections, and diarrhoea.These three account for 30-40% of all paediatric admissions.The next most common illnesses are anaemia, common infections of childhood such as measles and pertussis, parasitic diseases (especially malaria and intestinal helminths), tuberculosis, and burns and other accidents including poisoning.Together these nine conditions account for most of the paediatric problems in the developing world.Undernutrition and infection make a lethal combination Nutritional surveys of preschool children have shown that about half the children in the poorer communities are under- nourished.These children have a low resistance to infection, and each minor illness tends to run a protracted course, which results in further deterioration of the children's nutritional state.Multiple pathological conditions may coexist, and many of the children who are admitted to hospital with protein energy malnutrition have other medical problems such as anaemia, vitamin deficiencies, and lower respiratory tract infections including tuberculosis.For these children even a trivial illness may precipitate a life threatening condition.The extent to which poor nutrition influences mortality is shown in a study of 3000 children aged 1-36 months in the Punjab.Child mortality doubled with each 10% decline in body
Abstract 288: High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is Involved in the Physiopathology of Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome
Authors: Emilie Boissady, Cynthia El Hedjaj, Matthias Kohlhauer, Bijan Ghaleh, Renaud Tissier
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: After cardiac arrest, a sepsis-like syndrome is observed and contributes to poor prognosis. Hypothesis: This syndrome could be provoked by the massive release of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP). Our aim was to investigate the role of the High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a well-characterized nuclear DAMP, in an experimental model of cardiac arrest. Methods: Rabbits were anesthetized and submitted to 10 min of ventricular fibrillation. After resuscitation, they either received an administration of the inhibitor of HMGB1 release glycyrrhizin (4 mg/kg i.v.. (GL group, n=6), or saline (5 ml, i.v.; CT group, n=6). Two additional groups received glycyrrhizin (n=4) or saline (n=4) alone without cardiac arrest (Sham groups). Blood samples were withdrawn to evaluate the kinetics of HMGB1 release. After awakening, survival and neurological dysfunction were evaluated during 3 days. Animals were then euthanized and brain histologic damages were assessed (fluorojade-C staining). Results: In the Sham groups, glycyrrhizin did not modify hemodynamic nor clinical parameter as compared to saline. In the CT group, HMGB1 blood levels increased since 30 min after cardiac arrest and remained elevated until the end of the follow-up. This increase in HMGB1 concentrations was significantly attenuated in GL vs CR (18±1 vs 29±5 and ng/ml at 30 min after cardiac arrest, respectively). Neurological dysfunction score or survival were not significantly improved in GL vs CT (e.g., survival = 50 vs 33 % at day 3 in GT vs CT group). However, fluorojade C staining showed a dramatic attenuation of degenerating neurons in GL vs CT groups in all brain regions (e.g., 7±3 vs 32±10 neurons/field in cortex, respectively). Conclusion: HMGB1 played a key role in early inflammation and promoted neuronal death after cardiac arrest. Its inhibition alone does not provide sufficient benefits to improve the clinical outcome. It emphasizes the importance of other contributors, beyond inflammation and neurons cell death. Adjunction of HMGB1 inhibitors to other therapies could still be of interest.
Depressive illness.
Authors: L. G. Kiloh
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The word depression is being used to describe both a symptom and an illness.The symptom is the experience of gloom, despondency, sadness, grief; the feeling of being run down, dispirited, miserable, melancholic, in the dumps, or of being low.The richness of our language in synonyms for depression may be taken as an indication of its frequency.It is an emotional experience, though sometimes it is described as an empti- ness or flatness, seemingly a loss rather than a lowering of affect.Depression, like anxiety, is a universal experience, and we regard it as abnormal only if it appears without reason or if it seems excessive in its degree or duration in relation to the pro- vocation.Not surprisingly such a common feeling may be associated with any psychiatric syndrome; the depressive dis- orders are those in which the depressed affect appears to be the primary phenomenon or at any rate one of the more prominent of the clinical features.Broadly there are two depressive entities-endogenous depres- sion, which is a variant of manic-depressive illness, and neurotic depression.In practice the differentiation of these two condi- tions is often difficult, but this is not surprising when we recall that any primary psychiatric disturbance may be associated with secondary or reactive features, and of these depression is one of the more common.A convenient though over-simplified view that attempts to quantify this relationship suggests that in any individual case we can regard the patient a. showing say-to give an example-40% endogenous and 60% reactive or neurotic depression.If so, one should not forget that irre- spective of the magnitude of the figures it is the endogenous component that is important, for the remainder is a reaction to it.Successful treatment of the endogenous component is likely to lead to total recovery, whereas treatment directed only at the reactive component can hardly be more than partly successful.The term " atypical depression " has been applied to some of these cases.It is only in the last 10 or 15 years we have come to appre- ciate how common is depressive illness.Watts' estimated that in general practice one could expect that of every 1,000 patients 12 would present as revw cases each year.Older figures, largely hospital derived and therefore making little allowance for milder cases, suggest that the incidence of endogenous depression alone is 1% in males and 2% in females.It would be unwise to suggest that depressive illness has become more common in the last 10 years ; the much larger number of cases seen reflects the fact that we have learned to recognize its milder forms. Endogenous DepressionLet us take endogenous depression first.Though less common and less likely to be overlooked, the more severe cases will be described first.The onset is usually gradual, the patient often looks ill, his skin may be sallow and dry, the hair lustreless, and
Received
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chilblains
Authors: J. T. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1949)

The incidence as well as the mystery and fascination of the chilblain is reflected in the advertisements and sale of proprietary remedies, but in its simplest form the lesion presents no great difficulty in diagnosis or treatment.An itching, erythematous, and congested superficial swelling on fingers and toes, it is a common winter affection experi- enced at some time by the majority of the inhabitants of temperate and cold climates.