tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"Normal" temperature.
Authors: W. F. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1968)

foetal abnormality, is praiseworthy.But who can delude himself that these will be the main problems ?The majority will consist of per- fectly healthy women who are pregnant, in or out of wedlock, and who want to be rid of the baby.It is piously stated that " a doctor-patient relationship will be created and the doctor will then advise."What in fact will happen in these cases is that the woman will tell the doctor what she wants -an abortion, with the threat that if not she will go out of her mind and possibly kill her- self.I have, indeed, already had a request on these lines from a woman who believed the Act was already in force.She did not get her request, but I was told that she knew of others in similar circumstances, but nearer London, whose doctors had been more obliging.It must be admitted that without the word " grave " there is more strain and risk men- tally and physically in bearing a child and caring for it,-but I am sure the Act was not originated to relieve people of their responsibilities.If it was the idea that abortion is preferable to an unwanted child, then go ahead, abort, but do not be under any mis- conception that it is the doctor's decision.It is the woman's decision, and the doctor merely helps her carry it out.Abortion on demand ?Certainly, and without payment.
Evaluation of long term thyroid replacement treatment. Swansea Vocational Training Scheme.
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A group study was designed to test the need for the continued prescribing of thyroid replacement treatment. Seven doctors who were attending the vocational training scheme at Swansea studied a total of 75 patients. A withdrawal test for 21 days was used to assess the need for continued prescribing of thyroid medication. Sixty per cent (45) of the group studied had had either the wrong diagnosis or an incorrect maintenance dosage, 28% (21) did not need thyroid treatment after the withdrawal test, and 32% (24) had been prescribed an incorrect maintenance dosage of thyroxine as judged by the results of the initial estimation of thyroxine concentration. The medical and economic consequences of an appreciable rate of misdiagnosis and treatment are apparent.
Cattle Ringworm
Authors: A. J. Rook, W. Frain-Bell
Journal: BMJ (1954)

Hospital for Diseases of the Skin Although the transmission of ringworm from infected cattle to man can hardly have escaped the notice of farmers, the earliest observations recorded in medical literature were made at, the end of the eighteenth cen- tury and in the early years of the nineteenth century.Ernst, a Swiss veterinary surgeon, described in 1820 the case of a young girl who was infected from a cow.Gruby in 1843, and Malmsten independently in 1846 described the organism of Tinea tonsurans.Many dermatologists continued to deny the parasitic origin of ringworm, but it was accepted and confirmed by Bazin
Construction of a magnesium hydroxide/graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite composite coating on Mg–Ca–Zn–Ag alloy to inhibit bacterial infection and promote bone regeneration
Authors: Bo Yuan, Hewei Chen, Rui Zhao, Xuangeng Deng, Guo Chen, Xiao Yang, Zhanwen Xiao, Antoniac Aurora, Bita Ana Iulia, Kai Zhang, Xiangdong Zhu, Antoniac Vasile Iulian, Shen Hai, Xingdong Zhang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

The improved corrosion resistance, osteogenic activity, and antibacterial ability are the key factors for promoting the large-scale clinical application of magnesium (Mg)-based implants. In the present study, a novel nanocomposite coating composed of inner magnesium hydroxide, middle graphene oxide, and outer hydroxyapatite (Mg(OH)2/GO/HA) is constructed on the surface of Mg-0.8Ca-5Zn-1.5Ag by a combined strategy of hydrothermal treatment, electrophoretic deposition, and electrochemical deposition. The results of material characterization and electrochemical corrosion test showed that all the three coatings have high bonding strength, hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance. In vitro studies show that Mg(OH)2 indeed improves the antibacterial activity of the substrate. The next GO and GO/HA coating procedures both promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and show no harm to the antibacterial activity of Mg(OH)2 coating, but the latter exhibits the best promoting effect. In vivo studies demonstrate that the Mg alloy with the composite coating not only ameliorates osteolysis induced by bacterial invasion but also promotes bone regeneration under both normal and infected conditions. The current study provides a promising surface modification strategy for developing multifunctional Mg-based implants with good corrosion resistance, antibacterial ability and osteogenic activity to enlarge their biomedical applications.
Periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation: Microbiological and immunological mechanisms
Authors: Sho Kitamoto, Nobuhiko Kamada
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)

Abstract Humans have coevolved with the trillions of resident microbes that populate every nook and cranny of the body. At each site, the resident microbiota creates a unique ecosystem specialized to its environment, benefiting the development and maintenance of human physiology through harmonious symbiotic relationships with the host. However, when the resident microbiota is perturbed, significant complications may arise with disastrous consequences that affect the local and distant ecosystems. In this context, periodontal disease results in inflammation beyond the oral cavity, such as in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence indicates that potentially harmful oral resident bacteria (referred to as pathobionts) and pathogenic immune cells in the oral mucosa can migrate to the lower gastrointestinal tract and contribute to intestinal inflammation. We will review the most recent advances concerning the periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation from microbiological and immunological perspectives. Potential therapeutic approaches that target the connection between the mouth and the gut to treat gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, will be examined. Deciphering the complex interplay between microbes and immunity along the mouth–gut axis will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of both oral and gut pathologies and present therapeutic opportunities.
Validity of a minimally invasive autopsy tool for cause of death determination in pediatric deaths in Mozambique: An observational study
Authors: Quique Bassat, Paola Castillo, Miguel J. Martínez, Dercio Jordao, Lucilia Lovane, Juan Carlos Hurtado, Tacilta Nhampossa, Paula Santos Ritchie, Sónia Bandeira, Calvino Sambo, Valeria Chicamba, Mamudo R. Ismail, Carla Carrilho, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Fabiola Fernandes, Pau Cisteró, Alfredo Mayor, Anelsio Cossa, Inacio Mandomando, Mireia Navarro, Isaac Casas, Jordi Vila, Khátia Munguambe, Maria Maixenchs, Ariadna Sanz, Llorenç Quintó, Eusebio Macete, Pedro Alonso, Clara Menéndez, Jaume Ordi
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2017)

Background In recent decades, the world has witnessed unprecedented progress in child survival. However, our knowledge of what is killing nearly 6 million children annually in low- and middle-income countries remains poor, partly because of the inadequacy and reduced precision of the methods currently utilized in these settings to investigate causes of death (CoDs). The study objective was to validate the use of a minimally invasive autopsy (MIA) approach as an adequate and more acceptable substitute for the complete diagnostic autopsy (CDA) for pediatric CoD investigation in a poor setting. Methods and findings In this observational study, the validity of the MIA approach in determining the CoD was assessed in 54 post-neonatal pediatric deaths (age range: ≥1 mo to 15 y) in a referral hospital of Mozambique by comparing the results of the MIA with those of the CDA. Concordance in the category of disease obtained by the two methods was evaluated by the Kappa statistic, and the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the MIA diagnoses were calculated. A CoD was identified in all cases in the CDA and in 52/54 (96%) of the cases in the MIA, with infections and malignant tumors accounting for the majority of diagnoses. The MIA categorization of disease showed a substantial concordance with the CDA categorization (Kappa = 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–0.92), and sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy were high. The ICD-10 diagnoses were coincident in up to 75% (36/48) of the cases. The MIA allowed the identification of the specific pathogen deemed responsible for the death in two-thirds (21/32; 66%) of all deaths of infectious origin. Discrepancies between the MIA and the CDA in individual diagnoses could be minimized with the addition of some basic clinical information such as those ascertainable through a verbal autopsy or clinical record. The main limitation of the analysis is that both the MIA and the CDA include some degree of expert subjective interpretation. Conclusions The MIA showed substantial concordance with CDA for CoD identification in this series of pediatric deaths in Mozambique. This minimally invasive approach, simpler and more readily acceptable than the more invasive CDA, could provide robust data for CoD surveillance, especially in resource-limited settings, which could be helpful for guiding child survival strategies in the future.
Enduring Cancer Disparities by Persistent Poverty, Rurality, and Race: 1990-1992 to 2014-2018
Authors: Jennifer L Moss, Casey N Pinto, Shobha Srinivasan, Kathleen A Cronin, Robert T Croyle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

Abstract Background Most persistent poverty counties are rural and contain high concentrations of racial minorities. Cancer mortality across persistent poverty, rurality, and race is understudied. Methods We gathered data on race and cancer deaths (all sites, lung and bronchus, colorectal, liver and intrahepatic bile duct, oropharyngeal, breast and cervical [females], and prostate [males]) from the National Death Index (1990-1992; 2014-2018). We linked these data to county characteristics: 1) persistent poverty or not; and 2) rural or urban. We calculated absolute (range difference [RD]) and relative (range ratio [RR]) disparities for each cancer mortality outcome across persistent poverty, rurality, race, and time. Results The 1990-1992 RD for all sites combined indicated persistent poverty counties had 12.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.37 to 14.09) excess deaths per 100 000 people per year compared with nonpersistent poverty counties; the 2014-2018 RD was 10.99 (95% CI = 10.22 to 11.77). Similarly, the 1990-1992 RR for all sites indicated mortality rates in persistent poverty counties were 1.06 (95% CI = 1.05 to 1.07) times as high as nonpersistent poverty counties; the 2014-2018 RR was 1.07 (95% CI = 1.07 to 1.08). Between 1990-1992 and 2014-2018, absolute and relative disparities by persistent poverty widened for colorectal and breast cancers; however, for remaining outcomes, trends in disparities were stable or mixed. The highest mortality rates were observed among African American or Black residents of rural, persistent poverty counties for all sites, colorectal, oropharyngeal, breast, cervical, and prostate cancers. Conclusions Mortality disparities by persistent poverty endured over time for most cancer outcomes, particularly for racial minorities in rural, persistent poverty counties. Multisector interventions are needed to improve cancer outcomes.
Medical News.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diabetes medications and risk of HCC
Authors: Maria Corina Plaz Torres, Ariel Jaffe, Rachel Perry, Elisa Marabotto, Mario Strazzabosco, Edoardo G. Giannini
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a recognized risk factor for HCC in patients with liver disease, independent from the etiology of their liver disease. Hence, prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its underlying cause, insulin resistance, should be considered a treatment target for patients with liver disease. The drug armamentarium for diabetes is wide and consists of agents with insulin-sensitizing activity, agents that stimulate insulin secretion, insulin itself, and agents that reduce gastrointestinal and urinary glucose absorption. From an endocrinology perspective, the main goal of treatment is the achievement of euglycemia; however, in patients at risk of, or with known underlying liver disease, the choice of diabetic medication as it relates to potential hepatic carcinogenesis remains complex and should be carefully considered. In the last decade, increasing evidence has suggested that metformin may reduce the risk of HCC, whereas evidence for other classes of diabetic medications, particularly some of the newer agents including the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, is fewer and often inconsistent. In this review, we aim to summarize the current evidence on the potential effects of the most widely used diabetic agents on liver cancer tumorigenesis.
Hirsch SR, Leff JP, Wing JK:Outpatient maintenance of chronic schizophrenics with long-acting fluphenzine.
Authors: Geoffrey Edsall, R Billings
Journal: BMJ (1973)

SIR,-I was interested to read your leading article (26 May, p. 436) in which the different presentations of typhoid within developed temperate countries and undeveloped African countries was attributed to variations in in- fective, emotional, cultural, and religious backgrounds.Several years ago I had the opportunity of working in a mixed European and Asian conmunity during an outbreak of typhoid.Psychiatric symptoms occurred in no more than 10% of cases, and there was no apparent difference in the incidence of these symptoms between the two racial groups.One patient presented initially with severe anxiety and agitation accompanied by pain in the neck and thoracic spine, another pre- sented with hyipomanic symptoms, and three others with the more characteristic mental confusion and delirium, associated with headache and pyrexia.As you point out, the true diagnosis may be obscured by these psychiatric manifestations and the management of the case made more difficult.-Iam, etc.,
Factors affecting length of hospital stay.
Authors: R Hole
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Association on Mental Deficiency (AAMD).The concept of mild retardation is quantitative and embraces, using conventional standards, some 2 20, of the population in addition to the 0 4%' who are even less gifted.Not all of this considerable population is in receipt of special services, even at school age; but prospects for training for skilled employment and independent social adaptation tend to be limited.Fortunately, the AAMD has omitted from the revised classification of mental handicap' the term "borderline mental retardation," but this is still in common use and embraces much of the "dull normal" stream.It seems contrary to the general sense of the leading article thus arbitrarily to exclude any causal role in mental retardation to mal- nutrition when this can admittedly cause some deficiency in the developing brain.It would seem more reasonable in the present state of science to keep an open mind on this question and to view it as one of the many possible modes of operation of the impact of adverse social and economic factors among under- privileged groups and disadvantaged classes.
Group A streptococci resistant to clindamycin.
Authors: J Kohn, A J Evans
Journal: BMJ (1970)

tered by artificially ventilating the patient on this circuit.For this reason I chose for my example the much more widely used situation in which the vaporizer is outside the circuit.A fresh gas flow rate of 2 1. /min.was selected for comparison with higher flows, as this is the lowest flow which can be used without having to make a large adjustment to the halothane concentration for dilution by gases already in the circuit.In addition, the commonly used Fluotec Mark 2 becomes inaccurate below flows of 2 1./min., but this particular problem has now been overcome by the-development of the Fluotec Mark 3 which is stated to be accurate down to flows of 250ml./min.Leak-proof apparatus is important for all anaesthetic circuits, and its importance increases as the fresh gas flow entering the circuit decreases.I therefore am quite unrepentant in asking for leak-proof cir- cuits.One point in Dr. J. R. J. Beddard's letter (18 April, p. 176) needs correcting.It has been shown that 5-6 (not 10-15) 1. per minute is adequate to eliminate carbon dioxide from the alveoli on the Magill circuit in both the spontaneously breathing' and the ventilated patient.2Finally, I hope that this article has done something to encourage the more economic practice of anaesthesia, but fear that too much apathy exists in the profession for there to be any great impact.
Triple Therapy Improves Colorectal Cancer Response
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Findings from a phase I/II study indicate a higher response rate among patients with BRAF-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer treated with an EGFR inhibitor alongside dual, as opposed to single-level, MAPK blockade. Panitumumab combined with trametinib and dabrafenib only modestly increased median progression-free survival, however; a short-lived decrease in responders' BRAF V600E mutant allele fraction and the emergence of RAS mutations may have been contributing factors.
Deaths.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anxiety States
Authors: G. Garmany
Journal: BMJ (1956)

MEDICAIL JOURNAL~i However, I can only say that as a result of our recent experiences I would be sorry indeed to be without this drug again at the present time.And if frenquel, used alone or combined with E.C.T., helps only a small limited group of cases of depressions and early schizophrenics, and we can learn to pick out these groups clinically, it will still be very much worth while. Conclusion
Oscillatory mechanics at 36 weeks post-menstrual age as markers of lung disease in preterm infants: a cohort study
Authors: Emanuela Zannin, Camilla Rigotti, Roland P. Neumann, Raffaele L. Dellacà, Sven Schulzke, Maria Luisa Ventura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>Respiratory system resistance and reactance assessed at 36 weeks post-menstrual age by the forced oscillation technique are sensitive functional markers of the severity of lung disease in former preterm infants</b>https://bit.ly/3rZBq6z
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer
Authors: Mark E. Funk
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This journal, now entering its third year, has the broadly stated mission of publishing "high quality papers that deal with any aspect of gynecological cancer, including diagnosis, therapy, management, epidemiology, pathology and basic sciences." Although published in the United States and sponsored by the relatively young International Gynecological Cancer Society, the journal is truly international in scope. Both the editor-in-chief and assistant editor-in-chief are from the United Kingdom, and 20 of 28 members of its distinguished editorial board are from countries other than the United States, including representatives from Italy, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Canada, Korea, Australia, and Japan. Three regional editors cover submissions from North America, Europe, and the Pacific. Appearing six times yearly, the journal has averaged about 50 pages and eight to ten articles per issue. Its papers are largely clinically oriented, including prospective and retrospective clinical reports, invited review articles, and clinically relevant basic science reports.
Osteopathy: Corrigendum
Journal: BMJ (1935)

IMEDICAL JOUIRNALfrom the margin of the patch, but the main patch generally extends in time towards these and coalesces with them.There is a fair amount of itching at the margin.There is no recurrence of carcinoma, and about seven months ago the patient gave birth to a healthy female baby.Her menstruation periods are quite normal and she seems other- wise healthy.
Treatment outcome definitions in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a CPAnet consensus statement
Authors: Eva Van Braeckel, Iain Page, Jesper Rømhild Davidsen, Christian B. Laursen, Ritesh Agarwal, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Aleksandra Barac, Jacques Cadranel, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Oliver A. Cornely, David W. Denning, Holger Flick, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Cendrine Godet, Yuta Hayashi, Christophe Hennequin, Martin Hoenigl, Muhammed Irfan, Koichi Izumikawa, Won-Jun Koh, Chris Kosmidis, Christoph Lange, Bernd Lamprecht, Francois Laurent, Oxana Munteanu, Rita Oladele, Thomas F. Patterson, Akira Watanabe, Helmut J.F. Salzer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>Standardised and commonly accepted treatment outcome criteria for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) can improve patient management by better comparability and understanding of CPA treatment studies: a CPAnet consensus statement.</b>https://bit.ly/3paNfVC
Mucous Disease
Authors: W. Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (1871)

The case of C. H. confirms the opinion of Laennec, that pulmonary gangrene does not follow ordinary, but a septic, type of pneumonia, as it also verifies his observation that it is often preceded by anthrax.The comparative lowness of the temperature throughout the disease, and the pathological appearances of the lung, sufficiently indicate the character of the inflammatory process which had preceded the gangrene.C. H. undoubtedly experienced relief from the inhalation of carbolic acid vapour, which also afforded much comfort to those who had to wait upon him, and who were at first terribly inconvenienced by the odour of his breath.It is probably to pulmonary admiditaria that we must look for alleviation in this intractable disease.