tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Equivalent therapy at lower cost. The oral penicillins
Authors: B. A. Kemp
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Contrary to a widely accepted view, generic prescribing will not lead to the lowest-cost equivalent therapy. An examination of the price structure of the oral penicillins reveals that generic prescribing may lead to lower prescription prices; however, the so-called "average generic price" is about the same as the price of the lowest-priced branded items. Often the patient will pay more than the average unbranded product price. The physician can be sure that the patient gets equivalent therapy at a potentially lower or even the lowest cost by prescribing generically<i>and</i>specifying the manufacturer who sells the lowest-priced therapeutically equivalent product. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1009-1014, 1974)
Sequential Respiratory, Psychologic, and Immunologic Studies in Relation to Methyl Isocyanate Exposure over Two Years with Model Development
Authors: S. R. Kamat, M. H. Patel, P. V. Pradhan, Saroj P. Taskar, Pratima R. Vaidya, V. P. Kolhatkar, J. P. Gopalani, J. P. Chandarana, Neepa Dalal, M. Naik
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Of 113 methyl isocyanate (MIC)-exposed subjects studied initially at Bhopal, India, 79, 56, 68, and 87 were followed with clinical, lung function, radiographic, and immunologic tests at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Though our cohort consisted of subjects at all ages showing a varied severity of initial illness, fewer females and young subjects were seen. Initially all had eye problems, but dominant symptoms were exertional dyspnea, cough, chest pain, sputum, and muscle weakness. A large number showed persistent depression mixed with anxiety, with disturbances of personality parameters. The early radiographic changes were lung edema, overinflation, enlarged heart, pleural scars, and consolidation. The persistent changes seen were interstitial deposits. Lung functions showed mainly restrictive changes with small airway obstruction; there was impairment of oxygen exchange. Oxygen exchange improved at 3-6 months, and spirometry improved at 12 months, only to decline later. The expiratory flow rates pertaining to large and medium airway function improved, but those for small airways remained low. There were changes of alveolitis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on fiber optic bronchoscopy, and in 11 cases positive MIC-specific antibodies to IgM, IgG, and IgE were demonstrated. On follow up, only 48% of the subjects were clinically stable, while 50% showed fluctuations. Thirty-two percent of the subjects had lung function fluctuations. Detailed sequential behavior over 2-4 years was predicted for dyspnea, forced vital capacity, maximum expiratory flow rate (0.25-0.75), peak expiratory flow rate, VO2, and depression score. A model for clinical behavior explained a total variance of 52.4% by using the factors of cough, PCO2 and X-ray zones in addition to above five parameters. The behavior of the railway colony group (1640 patients) revealed a similar pattern of illness. When this observed pattern of changes was transferred to the affected Bhopal city sections (with an equitable age-sex distribution), our model results were again validated. Thus the picture of MIC-induced disease seems similar despite the differences for age-sex and initial severity of illness in our cohort and in the population of Bhopal city as predicted by our model.
Missstände im Arzneimittelwesen und Vorschläge zu ihrer Bekämpfung.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy of a mass hepatitis B vaccination program in Taiwan. Studies on 3464 infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers
Authors: H. M. Hsu
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To evaluate the efficacy of the mass hepatitis B vaccination program in Taiwan in interrupting perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission, 3464 randomly selected 18-month-old infant vaccinees born to hepatitis B surface antigen—carrier mothers were recruited from 9697 eligible infants during a six-month period of the program. They were divided into ten groups according to maternal infectivity and compliance with the vaccination schedule. Serum samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. In 786 infants who had highly infectious mothers and who received hepatitis B immune globulin and vaccine on schedule, the protective efficacy was about 85%. The efficacy seemed to be slightly lower in those immunized off schedule. Overall, 11% of infants still carried hepatitis B surface antigen, and 81% of the infants had antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen that exceeded 10 mlU/mL in more than 90% of them. The geometric mean titers of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen were more than 200 mlU/mL in every group of infants. We conclude that the mass vaccination program is efficacious in preventing perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission and the chronic carrier state; most infant vaccinees have adequate levels of protective antibody at 18 months of age. This program is extremely significant in the control of hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:2231-2235)
Queries and Minor Notes
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MILK AND FOOD ALLERGY
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modeling Marrow Damage from Response Data: Evolution from Radiation Biology to Benzene Toxicity
Authors: Troyce D. Jones, Max D. Morris, Jafar S. Hasan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Consensus principles from radiation biology were used to describe a generic set of nonlinear, first-order differential equations for modeling toxicity-induced compensatory cell kinetics in terms of sublethal injury, repair, direct killing, killing of cells with unrepaired sublethal injury, and repopulation.This cellular model was linked to a probit model of hematopoietic mortality that describes death from infection and/or hemorrhage between 5 and 30 days.Mortality data from 27 experiments with 851 dose-response groups, in which doses were protracted by rate and/or fractionation, were used to simultaneously estimate all rate constants by maximum-likelihood methods.Data used represented 18,940 test animals: 12,827 mice, 2925 rats, 1676 sheep, 829 swine, 479 dogs, and 204 burros.Although a long-term, repopulating hematopoietic stem cell is ancestral to all lineages needed to restore normal homeostasis, the dose-response data from the protracted irradiations indicate clearly that the particular lineage that is critical to hematopoietic recovery does not resemble stemlike cells with regard to radiosensitivity and repopulation rates.Instead, the weakest link in the chain of hematopoiesis was found to have an intrinsic radioresistance equal to or greater than stromal cells and to repopulate at the same rates.Model validation has been achieved by predicting the LD50 and/or fractional group mortality in 38 protracted-dose experiments (rats and mice) that were not used in the fitting of model coefficients.
Needle biopsy in carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: R. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Carcinoma of the prostate has become a major clinical problem because of the increased number of the population in the older age group. At the present time, carcinoma of the prostate is the second largest cause of death from cancer among male patients. In a recent study done by our division of urology, serial sections were made of the prostate in an effort to determine the incidence of this disease. It was found that performing serial sections doubled the number of cases of carcinoma found as compared to "routine" autopsy sections. It was also found that the incidence of carcinoma of the prostate in patients 70 to 80 years of age was 41%. In patients over 80, the incidence was 56%. It has been shown conclusively that routine yearly rectal examination will markedly increase the number of patients with carcinoma who can be diagnosed at a time when their disease
Schistosomal myelopathy.
Authors: J Cohen, R Capildeo, F C Rose, C Pallis
Journal: BMJ (1977)

ing as a liquid-phase marker 100 1Ci113mIn DTPA chelate.4The solid-phase marker was 100 jsCi 99mTc sulphur colloid, heat-sealed into 30 nylon capsules measuring 10 x 1 mm.The subject lay on a couch with the trunk raised 45°and a 5-cm crystal scintillation detector positioned over tho-gastric fundus, which had been previously located by percussion.A multichannel scaler and timer made automatic counts on both isotope channels sim- ultaneously, and every 30 seconds the results were transferred as serial readings on paper tape to a batch-mode computer.This performed back- ground subtraction, cross-talk correction, and adjustment for isotopic decay and produced curves for both phases of emptying.These permitted the estimation of quarter and half times for liquids in 20 instances and for solids in 10 instances.The table shows that there was no significant difference in half-emptying times for either phase between the patients and controls, and that there was, if anything, retardation of the early stage, as reflected by quarter-emptying times.
Biological Effects of Short-Term, High-Concentration Exposure to Methyl Isocyanate. VI. In Vitro and In Vivo Complement Activation Studies
Authors: William P. Kolb, Jay R. Savary, Catherine M. Troup, Darol E. Dodd, John D. Tamerius
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The ability of MIC to induce complement activation in vitro and in vivo was investigated. For the in vitro studies, both human and guinea pig serum or EDTA-plasma samples were exposed to 1167 to 1260 ppm MIC vapor for 15 min at room temperature. The human serum samples exposed to MIC showed significant reductions in Factor B, C2, C4, C3, C5, and total hemolytic complement CH50 activity levels. C6 functional activity was unaffected. The C3, C5, and CH50 functional activities in guinea pig serum (the only functional tests conducted on these samples) were more sensitive to MIC-mediated reduction than the corresponding activity reductions observed in the human serum samples. The human and single guinea pig EDTA-plasma samples exposed to MIC vapor showed no evidence of C3 consumption but did show significant reductions in CH50 levels. Thus, MIC vapor was able to activate, and thereby reduce serum complement C3 activity in vitro by a complement-dependent process. However, the data suggest at least one complement component other than C3 was inactivated in EDTA-plasma by a complement-independent mechanism. For the in vivo studies, five pairs of guinea pigs were exposed to 644 to 702 ppm MIC vapor until one of the pair died (11-15 min). MIC exposure was then discontinued, the surviving guinea pig was sacrificed, and EDTA-plasma was obtained from both animals and analyzed for complement consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PARIS
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Global Epidemiology of Tuberculosis and Progress Toward Meeting Global Targets — Worldwide, 2018
Authors: Adam MacNeil, Philippe Glaziou, Charalambos Sismanidis, Anand Date, Susan Maloney, Katherine Floyd
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease and is especially deadly for persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although recent trends point to modest progress towards global TB targets, more focus and commitment is needed to find, cure, and prevent TB.
Withdrawal of a Drug From the Market: What Should the Prescriber Do?-Reply
Authors: Jere E. Goyan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Apparently, Dr Ross-Degnan and his colleagues misunderstood what I had said in my Editorial. My point was that the FDA could not take into account the risks posed by substituted products before making a decision to withdraw a drug from the market, not that such risks would prevent the FDA from educating clinicians regarding optimal substitute drugs. I have no quarrel with the FDA attempting to identify the appropriate clinicians and educating them in regard to the risk of such substituted products, although this would be complex and require considerable resources. Nonetheless, we must look for various ways of educating such practitioners and I agree with the suggestions made in their letter.
Emphysematous Vaginitis
Authors: Edward F. Christensen
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Emphysematous vaginitis is a benign condition characterized by the presence of multiple gas-filled cysts in the vaginal and cervical mucosa. The condition is self-limited and associated with few symptoms. The roentgenographic appearance is usually distinctive, and the diagnosis is obvious if the physician is aware of the entity. With one exception,<sup>1</sup>previous case reports, numbering about 160, have not emphasized the roentgenographic finding associated with emphysematous vaginitis. It is our purpose to illustrate the roentgenographic appearance of the disease with two case reports. <h3>Case 1:—</h3> The patient was a 35-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, abortions, none. She was hospitalized for spontaneous rupture of the membranes three weeks after the estimated delivery date. The diagnosis of emphysematous vaginitis had been made in the outpatient clinic during a routine pelvic examination done near term and was confirmed by the characteristic x-ray findings on films exposed for pelvimetry
Common cardiac prosthetic valves. Radiologic identification and associated complications
Authors: P. K. Chun
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The development of prosthetic heart valves has been an important advance in the treatment of patients with serious valvular cardiac disease. Because there are many types of prosthetic valves, we have prepared a diagram of the valves currently or previously used and list their potential complications. Prosthetic valves were identified according to photographic and radiologic features, valve replacement location, and reported associated complications. Data have been compiled in tabular form for quick reference; valves have been identified according to valve base, cage, and poppet. They may be categorized as caged-ball or low-profile valves. Such information helps to provide recognition of the valve that has been inserted and permits the clinician or radiologist to be alert to possible complications with the various prosthetic devices. (<i>JAMA</i>238:401-403, 1977)
Hospital Infection of War Wounds
Authors: A. A. Miles, H. Schwabacher, A. C. Cunliffe, J. P. Ross, E. T. C. Spooner, R. S. Pilcher, J. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1940)

TEBITISI-A 895response between two groups of guinea-pigs in good and bad condition injected with 5 c.cm. toxoid.The mean response six weeks after injection of the former group was 0.284 unit, and of the latter group 0.041 unit.This observation has also been fully established in relation to diphtheria immunization in animals.Secondly, during the last war Mr. Glenny had a horse which had been injected with tetanus toxin-antitoxin mixture.Some time later it received a larger dose of toxin than was usual for a horse undergoing immunization, but although it responded by a considerable increase in antitoxin it suddenly developed tetanus and died.
Epidemiologic assessment of the role of blood pressure in stroke. The Framingham study
Authors: W. B. Kannel
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Control of hypertension, labile or fixed, systolic or diastolic, at any age, in either sex appears to be central to prevention of atherothrombotic brain infarction (ABI). Prospectively, hypertension proved the most common and potent precursor of ABI's. Its contribution was direct and could not be attributed to factors related both to stroke and hypertension. Asymptomatic, causal "hypertension" was associated with a risk of ABI about four times that of normotensives. The probability of occurrence of an ABI was predicted no better with both blood pressure measurements or the mean arterial pressure than with systolic alone. Since there was no diminishing impact of systolic pressure with advancing age, the concept that systolic elevations are, even in the aged, innocuous is premature. Comparing normotensives and hypertensives in each sex, women did not tolerate hypertension better than men.
Acyclovir prevents reactivation of herpes simplex labialis in skiers
Authors: S. L. Spruance
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To determine the effectiveness of an antiviral to prevent herpes labialis during a brief, high-risk circumstance, 147 persons with a history of sun-induced recurrences were treated prophylactically with oral acyclovir or matching placebo and were observed during their ski holidays. Five (7%) of 75 acyclovir-treated subjects developed lesions compared with 19 (26%) of 72 persons in the placebo group. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:1597-1599)
Isolated trigeminal neuropathy. An unusual complication of carcinoma of the lung
Authors: P. Delaney
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The occurrence of isolated metastasis to the trigeminal nerve or ganglion from a distant, solid tumor is rare. This communication describes a patient with carcinoma of the lung; an isolated trigeminal neuropathy developed and at autopsy proved to be secondary to metastasis to the trigeminal ganglion. The appearance of a trigeminal neuropathy in a patient with an active solid tumor elsewhere in the body is most likely due to metastasis. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2522-2523, 1977)
Medical Legislation.
Authors: None Haller
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Iowa City, Iowa, Aug. 15, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At the meeting of the Iowa State Medical Society, at Des Moines in 1896, discussion was had concerning a project to unite the practitioners of the State into an association to "influence legislation." Nothing was done by the society but subsequently an association was organized and an effort made to secure a union for political purposes of all practicing medicine, including sectarians with various labels. Many declined to unite with the organization; some because they believed the discordant elements would prevent any useful work, and others because they believed that the attempt to organize a political club out of a profession would lead rather to adverse legislation than to any legislative reform of advantage. A circular is the first fruit that has emanated from the association; and it appears to the writer that the introduction of the profession to practical politics