tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recent trends and advances in the epidemiology, synergism, and delivery system of lycopene as an anti-cancer agent
Authors: Xunyu Song, Yinghua Luo, Lingjun Ma, Xiaosong Hu, Jesus Simal-Gandara, Li-Shu Wang, Vivek K. Bajpai, Jianbo Xiao, Fang Chen
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2021)

Dietary interventions are key nutritional strategies to prevent, improve, and prolong the survival of cancer patients. Lycopene, one of the strongest natural antioxidants, and its biologically active metabolites, have shown significant potential to prevent a variety of cancers, including prostate, breast, and stomach cancers, making it a promising anti-cancer agent. We review the potential regulatory mechanisms and epidemiological evidences of lycopene and its metabolites to delay the progression of cancers at different developmental stages. Recent studies have revealed that lycopene and its metabolites mediate multiple molecular mechanisms in cancer treatment such as redox homeostasis, selective anti-proliferation, apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, tumour microenvironment regulation, and anti-metastasis and anti-invasion. Gut microbes and cholesterol metabolism are also the potential regulation targets of lycopene and its metabolites. As a dietary supplement, the synergistic interaction of lycopene with other drugs and nutrients is highlighted especially due to its binding activity with other nutrients in the diet found central to the fight against cancer. Furthermore, the application of several of novel lycopene delivery carriers are on the rise including nanoemulsions, nanostructured liposomes, and polymer nanoparticles for cancer prevention as discussed in this review with future needed development. Moreover, the synergistic mechanism between lycopene and other nutrients or drugs and novel delivery systems of lycopene should now be deeply investigated to improve its clinical application in cancer intervention in the future.
Michelangelo and medicine
Authors: A.-L. Dahlgren
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Dr Strauss and Dr Marzo-Ortega (October 2002 JRSM1), discussing the work of Michelangelo (1475-1584) in relation to medicine, refer to a suggestion2 that the left breast in the sculpture Notte has features of locally advanced breast cancer.2 Michelangelo's contemporary Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520) is thought to be the first to have depicted an advanced stage of breast cancer in the painting La Fornaria.3 Breast cancer has probably been prevalent since antiquity, but the search for historical evidence is difficult for lack of verifiable descriptions or graphic representations of the disease.4,5 In the chapter on pre-Hippocratic medicine in Meyer-Steineg's Geschichte der Medizin I found an illustration showing a female torso (Figure 1) with contracted cancer in the left breast.6 The torso dates from 2nd to 1st century BC and was found in Izmir, Turkey. A plaster cast of the original terracotta torso is in the collections of the Institute for Medical History at the Friedrich-Schiller University in Jena, Germany.7 This torso is perhaps not in the same artistic league as the work of Michelangelo, but it may well be the earliest historical evidence of breast cancer.



Figure 1

Female torso, 2-1 century BC
Reply: How Do the New Definitions for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Really Perform?
Authors: Mathieu Bastard, Maryline Bonnet, Philipp du Cros, Atadjan Karimovich Khamraev, Armen Hayrapetyan, Kamene Kimenye, Shazina Khurkhumal, Themba Dlamini, Alex Telnov, Elisabeth Sanchez-Padilla, Cathy Hewison, Francis Varaine
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)
Effects of TA-3090, a new calcium channel blocker, on myocardial substrate utilization in ischemic and nonischemic isolated working fatty acid-perfused rat hearts.
Authors: N JDavies, J JMcVeigh, G DLopaschuk
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Experimental studies have shown that calcium channel blockade has a protective effect on the ischemic myocardium. Although these agents may act by decreasing intracellular Ca2+ accumulation during reperfusion or to reduce oxygen requirements by decreasing myocardial work load, recent evidence suggests that calcium blockers may also favorably alter energy substrate metabolism in ischemic and reperfused myocardium. In this study, TA-3090, a new calcium channel blocker with minimal effect on myocardial work load, was used to study the effect of calcium channel blockade on both myocardial substrate utilization and reperfusion recovery of ischemic hearts. Isolated working rat hearts were perfused at an 11.5 mm Hg preload and an 80 mm Hg afterload with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 11 mM glucose, 1.2 mM palmitate, and 500 microunits/ml insulin. In aerobically perfused spontaneously beating hearts, a 0.5 microM dose of TA-3090 had a mild depressant effect on heart rate but no effect on peak systolic pressure...
Desensitization of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors during cardiopulmonary bypass. Evidence for early uncoupling and late downregulation.
Authors: D ASchwinn, B JLeone, D RSpahn, L CChesnut, S OPage, R LMcRae, S BLiggett
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), a process routinely used during cardiac surgery, is a potent stimulant to the release of endogenous catecholamines. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that CPB results in myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor (beta AR) desensitization.METHODS AND RESULTSWe obtained canine transmyocardial left ventricular biopsies before, during (155 minutes), and after CPB (pre-CPB, CPB, and post-CPB, respectively) and determined beta AR density, proportion of beta 1AR to beta 2AR, and beta AR coupling capacity to adenylyl cyclase. Beta AR density was stable at 112 +/- 14 fmol/mg (pre-CPB) and 103 +/- 9 fmol/mg (CPB) but decreased post-CPB to 84 +/- 7 fmol/mg. The ratio of beta 1AR to beta 2AR (determined by two-site fit for [125I]-iodocyanopindolol competition binding with the beta 1AR selective antagonist ICI89.406) remained constant throughout (60 +/- 3: 40 +/- 3 pre-CPB, 55 +/- 3: 44 +/- 3 CPB, and 61 +/- 2: 39 +/- 2 post-CPB), revealing that both beta 1AR and beta 2AR subtypes were ...
Address on the Progress of Medicine
Authors: J. R. Wardell
Journal: BMJ (1874)

GENTLEMEN,-Having had the honour of being requested to preside over the meeting of to-day, it was suggested that an address on some medical subject might not be regarded as inappropriate, this being the first of those gatherings of the East Sussex and West Kent Districts which, it is proposed, shall annually be held at Tunbridge Wells.In compliance with this request, I shall endeavour in brief manner to glance at a few of those subjects which may be considered as being amongst the most prominent of those recognised advances which have been made in medicine during recent years, and which are within the recollection of most or many of us here assembled.In making this attempt in the short time which I shall venture to detain you, I feel no little difficulty, as there has latterly been such a vast accumulation of facts, so much real knowledge established on a firm and lasting basis, and such veritable improvements in practice, that it would be hard to crowd into a short space even but a passing reference to them.It has been, and truly, said that Cullen did for medicine what Newton did for astronomy.He reduced it to order and a system.He culled from generalities, vague speculations, and transmitted empiricisms, materials out of which he reared the superstructure of a science.He saw that, in addition to a close observance of morbid phenomena, to arrange and classify diseases would confer great aid in the prosecu- tionof their more successful study.He conceived, and correctly, that many ancient dogmas and much of false philosophy, which had tram- melled thought and fettered physic, ought to be discarded.His clearer conceptions, and the method which he propounded for a long period in this and other countries, found acceptance; and to his genius our art lies under an enduring obligation.If, however, we take a retrospect over the last quarter of a century, it becomes obvious that philosophic experiment, wider observation, and real discovery, have tended in no slight degree to break down the Cullenian classification, and they have shown that his nosological arrangement was 'ar too defined and abso- lute.Whoever will compare the nosology recently published by the Royal College of Physicians with the nosology of Cullen, will at once be impressed withl the truth of this remark.They will then see that Iiis divisions and distinctions erred in the way of separateness, that his definitions were too nicely drawn, and that symptoms were erroneously put down as primary conditions and essential differences.It is the
Phenotype discovery from population brain imaging
Authors: Weikang Gong, Christian F. Beckmann, Stephen M. Smith
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2021)

Neuroimaging allows for the non-invasive study of the brain in rich detail. Data-driven discovery of patterns of population variability in the brain has the potential to be extremely valuable for early disease diagnosis and understanding the brain. The resulting patterns can be used as imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs), and may complement existing expert-curated IDPs. However, population datasets, comprising many different structural and functional imaging modalities from thousands of subjects, provide a computational challenge not previously addressed. Here, for the first time, a multimodal independent component analysis approach is presented that is scalable for data fusion of voxel-level neuroimaging data in the full UK Biobank (UKB) dataset, that will soon reach 100,000 imaged subjects. This new computational approach can estimate modes of population variability that enhance the ability to predict thousands of phenotypic and behavioural variables using data from UKB and the Human Connectome Project. A high-dimensional decomposition achieved improved predictive power compared with widely-used analysis strategies, single-modality decompositions and existing IDPs. In UKB data (14,503 subjects with 47 different data modalities), many interpretable associations with non-imaging phenotypes were identified, including multimodal spatial maps related to fluid intelligence, handedness and disease, in some cases where IDP-based approaches failed.
Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of fish oil supplements in prevention of recurrence of stenosis after coronary angioplasty.
Authors: IBairati, LRoy, FMeyer
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies suggest that recurrence of coronary stenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) might be prevented with dietary supplements rich in omega-3 fatty acids. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate this hypothesis. In addition, the relation between usual dietary consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and restenosis was assessed.METHODS AND RESULTSA double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in which 205 patients undergoing a first PTCA received 15 capsules per day containing 1 g of either fish oil (2.7 g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid, 1.8 g/day of docosahexaenoic acid) or olive oil. The treatment was started 3 weeks before PTCA and continued for 6 months thereafter. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. At 6 months after PTCA, patients underwent a control angiography. All angiographic lesions were measured by quantitative computer analysis. Four criteria were used to define restenosis. Restenosis occurred less often in...
Heterogeneous transmural distribution of beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes in failing human hearts.
Authors: S LBeau, T KTolley, J ESaffitz
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDDownregulation of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor density does not occur in a spatially uniform distribution in patients with congestive heart failure. Rather, it results primarily from loss of receptors in the subendocardium. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, beta 1-receptors have been found to be downregulated selectively. These observations suggest that considerable transmural heterogeneity in the distribution of beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes exists in the failing human heart. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis.METHODS AND RESULTSWe used quantitative autoradiography of radioligand binding sites to measure the distribution of beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes in transmural sections of left ventricular myocardium obtained from cardiac transplant patients with ischemic (n = 13) and idiopathic dilated (n = 12) cardiomyopathy and from 4 subjects with no history of cognitive heart failure. Analysis of radioligand binding isotherms revealed a significant reduction ...
The relationships among ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and mortality in the 2 years after myocardial infarction.
Authors: J TBigger, J LFleiss, RKleiger, J PMiller, L MRolnitzky
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We examined the relationships among ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and mortality after the occurrence of myocardial infarction in 766 patients who enrolled in a nine-hospital study and underwent two special tests. Frequency and repetitiveness of ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) were determined by computer analysis of predischarge 24 hr electrocardiographic recordings. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined by radionuclide ventriculography and dichotomized at its optimal value of 30%. Frequency of VPDs was divided into three categories: (1) less than one per hour, (2) one to 2.9 per hour, and (3) three or more per hour. Repetitiveness of VPDs was also divided into three categories: (1) no repetitive VPDs, (2) paired VPDs, and (3) VPD runs. These variables were related, one at a time and jointly, to total mortality and to deaths caused by arrhythmias. The hazard ratios for dying in the higher or highest risk stratum vs the lower or lowest stratum for...
Asymptomatic left main coronary artery disease in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry.
Authors: H ATaylor, N JDeumite, B RChaitman, K BDavis, TKillip, W JRogers
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Left main coronary artery disease (i.e., greater than or equal to 50% stenosis) was found in 1,477 of 20,137 patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CAS) registry. Of these patients, 53 (3.6%) were asymptomatic. Asymptomatic and symptomatic patients were similar in regard to 1) severity of left main coronary artery stenosis (67% vs. 70%), 2) extent of proximal coronary artery disease (no differences in number of or severity of proximal stenoses), 3) left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (13 mm Hg vs. 14 mm Hg), 4) left ventricular wall motion score 9.1 vs. 8.7), and 5) number of coronary artery segments with greater than 70% stenosis (4.4 vs. 4.8). Among the asymptomatic patients, 47% received medical and 49% received surgical treatment. In the symptomatic group, 20% received medical and 78% received surgical therapy. The survival rate 5 years after surgery for treatment of left main coronary artery stenosis was 84% for the symptomatic patients and 88% for the asymptomatic patients (p = NS). Medi...
The determinants of atrioventricular nodal re-entrance with premature atrial stimulation in patients with dual A-V nodal pathways.
Authors: PDenes, DWu, FAmat-y-Leon, RDhingra, C RWyndham, K MRosen
Journal: Circulation (1977)

In patients with dual atrioventricular (A-V) nodal pathways, atrial extrastimulus testing induces either no echoes, single atrial echoes (Ae), or repetitive re-entrance (repetitive atrial and ventricular beating). We examined the fast and slow pathways properties in 38 patients with dual pathways in order to delineate the determinants of re-entrance. Seventeen patients had no Ae. Of these, six had no V-A conduction and 11, intact V-A conduction. The mean paced ventricular cycle length producing retrograde V-A block (VABCL) in this group (a measure of retrograde fast pathway refractoriness) was 552 +/- 32 msec (mean +/- SEM; 10 pts). In contrast, all 21 patients with Ae had intact V-A conduction with mean VABCL of 382 +/- 21 msec (14 pts) (P less than 0.05). Repetitive re-entrance occurred only when Ae conducted to the ventricles. Seven patients had only single Ae. The mean paced atrial cycle length producing Wenckebach periodicity (CLAWP) in this group (a measure of antegrade slow pathway refractoriness) ...
Interference of calcium entry blockade in vivo with pressor responses to alpha-adrenergic stimulation: effects of two unrelated blockers on responses to both exogenous and endogenously released norepinephrine.
Authors: RPedrinelli, R CTarazi
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To the extent that calcium availability is the final common mediator of vasoconstrictor responses, calcium entry blockade might interfere with physiologic responses to adrenergic stimulation. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of calcium entry blockade on pressor responses to norepinephrine in pithed, normal Sprague-Dawley rats in two different ways: (1) by evaluating the effects on pressor responsiveness to exogenous norepinephrine during differential blockade of alpha 1-(prazosin, 0.3 mg/kg) and of alpha 2-receptors (yohimbine, 0.3 mg/kg) and (2) by comparing the effects of calcium entry blockade with those of prazosin and those of rauwolscine (a specific alpha 2-antagonist) on pressor responses to infusions of both endogenously released norepinephrine (electrical stimulation of the pithing rod) and exogenous norepinephrine. In the presence of alpha 1-blockade, both nitrendipine (0.01 mg/kg) and verapamil (0.6 mg/kg) shifted the norepinephrine pressor dose-response curve to the right but we...
Incidence and Risk Factors of Epstein-Barr Virus Viremia in Patients Undergoing Haploidential Transplantation with Post Translant Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Ghulam Rehman Mohyuddin, Shaun DeJarnette, Leyla Shune, Tara L. Lin, Neil Dunavin, Ajoy L. Dias, Siddhartha Ganguly, Sunil Abhyankar, Joseph P. McGuirk, Anurag K. Singh
Journal: Blood (2017)
Interactions of vasopressin with the area postrema in arterial baroreflex function in conscious rabbits.
Authors: K PUndesser, E MHasser, J RHaywood, A KJohnson, V SBishop
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

This study compares the effect of arginine-vasopressin with phenylephrine on arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity in conscious rabbits with and without functional arterial baroreflexes and in rabbits with lesions of the area postrema. In intact rabbits, progressive infusions of arginine-vasopressin result in large decreases in renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate for a given increase in blood pressure as compared to progressive infusions of phenylephrine. In sinoaortic-denervated rabbits, the responses of arterial pressure on heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activity to both arginine-vasopressin and phenylephrine are markedly attenuated, indicating the necessity for afferent baroreceptor activity in this response. This observation indicates that arginine-vasopressin is acting centrally to enhance the baroreflex. A central site of action of circulating vasopressin may be the area postrema, since it is the only circumventricular organ in the hindbrain. Lesioni...
Cholinergically mediated tachyarrhythmias induced by a single extrastimulus in the isolated canine right atrium.
Authors: R BSchuessler, T MGrayson, B IBromberg, J LCox, J PBoineau
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Cholinergic agonists and vagal stimulation potentiate the inducibility of atrial fibrillation. To describe the activation patterns and determine the mechanisms that sustain cholinergic fibrillation, tachyarrhythmias were induced with a single extrastimulus in the isolated Krebs-Henseleit-perfused canine right atrium (n = 11) at increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (from 10(-7.5) to 10(-4.5) M). Bipolar electrograms were recorded from 250 epicardial sites simultaneously during control conditions and during extrastimulation (S1S1, 300 msec; S1S2, effective refractory period+5 msec) with and without acetylcholine. Activation sequence maps were constructed from each recording. Without acetylcholine, no tachyarrhythmias were induced. With increasing concentrations of acetylcholine, the refractory period decreased, and nonsustained (  2-minute) fibrillation was induced. Activation sequence maps revealed that the r...
Axial cineangiography in congenital heart disease. Section I. Concept, technical and anatomic considerations.
Authors: L MBargeron, L PElliott, BSoto, P RBream, G CCurry
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Cineangiographic axial techniques were designed to overcome the limitations of conventional angiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Two basic patient (or equipment) maneuvers are involved; 1)  axis of the heart is aligned perpendicular to the X-ray beam, and 2) rotation of patient results in the heart being radiographically sectioned at 30 degree angles. To accomplish this with fixed vertical and horizontal X-ray tubes, three positions were developed: 1) hepato-clavicular, 4 chamber, 2) long axial oblique, 3) anterior-posterior axial. A fourth, the  projection is discussed. The hepato-clavicular position profiles the posterior ventricular septum and atrial septum, separates the A-V valves, places the four cardiac chambers en face, and clarifies mitral valve-semilunar valve and outflow tract relationships. The  axial oblique profiles the anterior ventricular septum, left ventricular outflow tract, aortic valve-anterior mitral valve leaflet. The sitting-up view ...
Distinguising features of left anterior fascicular block and inferior myocardial infarction as presented by body surface potential mapping.
Authors: G SSohi, N CFlowers
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Total body surface maps obtained from 19 patients with previous inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) were compared with maps obtained from 19 patients with left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) and six more patients in whom electrocardiographic changes were indistinguishable between IMI and LAFB. Three distinguishing features were detected: 1) abnormal high anterior positivity developed both in IMI and LAFB, but its onset was earlier in LAFB; 2) a broad rim of abnormal right lower negativity was seen in both groups, but in IMI it was within the first 40 msec, whereas in LAFB it was found in the middle and later parts of depolarization; 3) abnormal left lower negativity was seen in all the patients with LAFB, but was absent in IMI. Thus, despite similarities in the abnormalities detected, we found definite temporal and topographical differences that should aid in differentiating between IMI and LAFB in ambiguous cases.
Blood pressure in tenth-grade students: results from the Chicago Heart Association Pediatric Heart Screening Project.
Authors: R AMiller, R BShekelle
Journal: Circulation (1976)

This report is based on 13,231 tenth-grade students who participated in the Chicago Heart Association Pediatric Heart Screening Project. The blood pressures of these fifteen and sixteen-year-olds were analyzed with respect to sex, race, adiposity, pulse rate, and father's educational attainment. The mean systolic blood pressure was higher in boys than girls by nearly 5 mm Hg, but mean diastolic blood pressure was lower by less than 1 mm Hg. Black tenth-graders had higher mean diastolic blood pressure than whites; the difference in systolic blood pressure was not statistically significant. Adiposity and resting pulse rate were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and, to a lesser degree, with diastolic blood pressure. After taking adiposity and pulse rate into account, father's educational attainment had a small but statistically significant negative association with diastolic blood pressure in white but not in black students. Nearly 5 percent of students were recalled for a second test becau...