tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Add-on inhaled budesonide in the treatment of hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Alvar Agustí, Gaston De Stefano, Alberto Levi, Xavier Muñoz, Christian Romero-Mesones, Oriol Sibila, Alejandra Lopez-Giraldo, Vicente Plaza Moral, Elena Curto, Andrés L. Echazarreta, Silvana E. Márquez, Sergi Pascual-Guàrdia, Salud Santos, Alicia Marin, Luis Valdés, Fernando Saldarini, Clara Salgado, Georgina Casanovas, Sara Varea, José Ríos, Rosa Faner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been extremely effective in reducing the incidence of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1, 2], but effective and safe treatments for acute infection are still limited [3, 4]. An uncontrolled pulmonary inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 is considered a key pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 progression [5], so systemic dexamethasone is recommended in severe cases [4, 6]. On the other hand, in very mild patients at home, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) may prevent disease progression [7–10]. Whether ICS can also prevent disease progression in patients hospitalised because of COVID-19 has not been explored previously. Accordingly, we designed an investigator-initiated, open-label, randomised clinical trial (RCT) to explore the efficacy of adding inhaled budesonide to usual care to prevent disease progression in patients hospitalised because of COVID-19 pneumonia. We also carefully monitored the safety of this intervention since there are concerns about the use of systemic corticosteroids in other viral (influenza) lung infections [11]. The addition of inhaled budesonide to usual care is safe and may reduce the risk of disease progression in patients hospitalised because of COVID-19 pneumonia <https://bit.ly/3tEQo3p> Authors thank all participants in the study for their willingness to contribute to medical research, and the Barcelona Respiratory Network ([www.brn.cat][1]) for facilitating collaborative research. We also acknowledge the support of the Clinical Trial Unit (L. Aparicio, J.A. Arnaiz), the Medical Statistics Core Facility (F. Torres, G. Domenech) of IDIBAPS-Hospital Clinic Barcelona in Spain, the members of the DSMB (B. Cosio, J.M. Miro, F. Barbe, F. Torres) as well as Klixar in Argentina (F. Licastro), for their support during the conduct of the trial and analysis of results. Finally, we acknowledge the economic and logistic support of AstraZeneca (Ana Perez and Gonzalo de Miquel). [1]: http://www.brn.cat
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2018 Update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
Authors: Morie A. Gertz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2018)

Abstract Disease Overview Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a clonal, nonproliferative plasma cell disorder in which fragments of immunoglobulin light or heavy chain are deposited in tissues. Clinical features depend on organs involved but can include restrictive cardiomyopathy, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic dysfunction, peripheral/autonomic neuropathy, and “atypical multiple myeloma.” Diagnosis Tissue biopsy stained with Congo red demonstrating amyloid deposits with apple‐green birefringence is required for diagnosis. Invasive organ biopsy is not required because amyloid deposits can be found in bone marrow, salivary gland, or subcutaneous fat aspirate in 85% of patients. Verification that amyloid is composed of immunoglobulin light chains is mandatory. The gold standard is laser capture mass spectroscopy. Prognosis N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), serum troponin T, and difference between involved and uninvolved immunoglobulin free light chain values are used to classify patients into four groups of similar size; median survivals are 94.1, 40.3, 14.0, and 5.8 months. Therapy All patients with a systemic amyloid syndrome require therapy to prevent deposition of amyloid in other organs and prevent progressive organ failure. Stem cell transplant (SCT) is preferred, but only 20% of patients are eligible. Requirements for safe SCT include systolic blood pressure &gt;90 mm Hg, troponin T &lt; 0.06 ng/mL, age &lt; 70 years, and serum creatinine ≤1.7 mg/dL. Nontransplant candidates can be offered melphalan‐dexamethasone or cyclophosphamide‐bortezomib‐dexamethasone. Daratumumab appears to be highly active in AL amyloidosis. Antibodies designed to dissolve existing amyloid deposits are under study. Future Challenges Delayed diagnosis remains a major obstacle to initiating effective therapy. Educational Objectives Upon completion of this educational activity, participants will be better able to: Master recognition of clinical presentations that should raise suspicion of amyloidosis. Understand simple techniques for confirming the diagnosis and providing material to classify the protein subunit. Recognize that a tissue diagnosis of amyloidosis does not indicate whether the amyloid is systemic or of immunoglobulin light chain origin. Understand the roles of the newly introduced chemotherapeutic and investigational antibody regimens for the therapy of light chain amyloidosis.
Surgery, St. Louis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Musculoskeletal System
Authors: G. Gnanasegaran, G. Cook, I. Fogelman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Bone scintigraphy is used as a common screening test for suspected bone metastases because of its high sensitivity, availability, low cost, and ability to scan the entire skeleton. Historical data and clinical experience has established bone scintigraphy as the reference standard in the search for skeletal metastatic disease and many indications have become established for benign skeletal disorders (Table 10.1). Chiewitz and Hevesy first described the use of radionuclides to study the skeleton in 1935 where phosphorus-32 (32P) activity was measured in rat organs with a Geiger-Müller counter and where uptake of 32P from blood to bone was noted, suggesting that skeletal metabolism is a dynamic process. Fleming and colleagues produced the first radionuclide skeletal images in 1961 using 85Sr (Fleming et al. 1961) and this radioisotope was commonly used for bone scanning and the study of skeletal kinetics. Although 87mSr was introduced as an alternative bone scanning agent with a more suitable gamma ray for imaging of 388 keV and half-life of 2.8 h, the introduction of 18F-fluoride and then 99mTc labelled compounds superseded this. In 1971, Subramanian and McAfee successfully prepared technetium-99m-polyphosphates.
Mouse Models of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Matthew D Breyer, Erwin Böttinger, Frank C Brosius, Thomas M Coffman, Raymond C Harris, Charles W Heilig, Kumar Sharma
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

Mice provide an experimental model of unparalleled flexibility for studying mammalian diseases. Inbred strains of mice exhibit substantial differences in their susceptibility to the renal complications of diabetes. Much remains to be established regarding the course of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in mice as well as defining those strains and/or mutants that are most susceptible to renal injury from diabetes. Through the use of the unique genetic reagents available in mice (including knockouts and transgenics), the validation of a mouse model reproducing human DN should significantly facilitate the understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that contribute to the development of DN. Establishment of an authentic mouse model of DN will undoubtedly facilitate testing of translational diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in mice before testing in humans.
RNA-binding proteins of COSMIC importance in cancer
Authors: Peter S. Choi, Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

Herculean efforts by the Wellcome Sanger Institute, the National Cancer Institute, and the National Human Genome Research Institute to sequence thousands of tumors representing all major cancer types have yielded more than 700 genes that contribute to neoplastic growth when mutated, amplified, or deleted. While some of these genes (now included in the COSMIC Cancer Gene Census) encode proteins previously identified in hypothesis-driven experiments (oncogenic transcription factors, protein kinases, etc.), additional classes of cancer drivers have emerged, perhaps none more surprisingly than RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Over 40 RBPs responsible for virtually all aspects of RNA metabolism, from synthesis to degradation, are recurrently mutated in cancer, and just over a dozen are considered major cancer drivers. This Review investigates whether and how their RNA-binding activities pertain to their oncogenic functions. Focusing on several well-characterized steps in RNA metabolism, we demonstrate that for virtually all cancer-driving RBPs, RNA processing activities are either abolished (the loss-of-function phenotype) or carried out with low fidelity (the LoFi phenotype). Conceptually, this suggests that in normal cells, RBPs act as gatekeepers maintaining proper RNA metabolism and the "balanced" proteome. From the practical standpoint, at least some LoFi phenotypes create therapeutic vulnerabilities, which are beginning to be exploited in the clinic.
Association Between Handover of Anesthesiology Care and 1-Year Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Louise Y. Sun, Philip M. Jones, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Mamas A. Mamas, Anan Bader Eddeen, John O’Connor
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Importance Handovers of anesthesia care from one anesthesiologist to another is an important intraoperative event. Despite its association with adverse events after noncardiac surgery, its impact in the context of cardiac surgery remains unclear. Objective To compare the outcomes of patients who were exposed to anesthesia handover vs those who were unexposed to anesthesia handover during cardiac surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada, included Ontario residents who were 18 years or older and had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic, mitral, tricuspid valve, or thoracic aorta surgical procedures between 2008 and 2019. Exclusion criteria were non-Ontario residency status and other concomitant procedures. Statistical analysis was conducted from April 2021 to June 2021, and data collection occurred between November 2020 to January 2021. Exposures Complete handover of anesthesia care, where the case is completed by the replacement anesthesiologist. Main Outcomes and Measures The coprimary outcomes were mortality within 30 days and 1 year after surgery. Secondary outcomes were patient-defined adverse cardiac and noncardiac events (PACE), intensive care unit (ICU), and hospital lengths of stay (LOS). Inverse probability of treatment weighting based on the propensity score was used to estimate adjusted effect measures. Mortality was assessed using a Cox proportional hazard model, PACE using a cause-specific hazard model with death as a competing risk, and LOS using Poisson regression. Results Of the 102 156 patients in the cohort, 25 207 (24.7%) were women; the mean (SD) age was 66.4 (10.8) years; and 72 843 of surgical procedures (71.3%) were performed in teaching hospitals. Handover occurred in 1926 patients (1.9%) and was associated with higher risks of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.89; 95% CI, 1.41-2.54) and 1-year mortality (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.31-2.12), as well as longer ICU (risk ratio [RR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.22-1.68) and hospital (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.28) LOS. There was no statistically significant association between handover and PACE (30 days: HR 1.09; 95% CI, 0.79-1.49; 1 year: HR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.70-1.13). Conclusions and Relevance Handover of anesthesia care during cardiac surgical procedures was associated with higher 30-day and 1-year mortality rates and increased health care resource use. Further research is needed to evaluate and systematically improve the handover process qualitatively.
Craniopharyngiomas
Authors: Niki Karavitaki, Simon Cudlip, Christopher B. T. Adams, John A. H. Wass
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2006)

Craniopharyngiomas are rare, mainly sellar/parasellar, epithelial tumors diagnosed during childhood or adult life. Histologically, two primary subtypes have been recognized (adamantinomatous and papillary) with an as yet, unclarified pathogenesis. They may present with a variety of manifestations (neurological, visual, and hypothalamo-pituitary). Despite their benign histological appearance, they often show an unpredictable growth pattern, which, combined with the lack of randomized studies, poses significant difficulties in the establishment of an optimal therapeutic protocol. This should focus on the prevention of recurrence(s), improvement of survival, reduction of the significant disease and treatment-related morbidity (endocrine, visual, hypothalamic, neurobehavioral, and cognitive), and preservation of the quality of life. Currently, surgical excision followed by external beam irradiation, in cases of residual tumor, is the main treatment option. Intracystic irradiation or bleomycin, stereotactic radiosurgery, or radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy are alternative approaches; their place in the management plan remains to be assessed in adequately powered long-term trials. Apart from the type of treatment, the identification of clinical and imaging parameters that will predict patients with a better prognosis is difficult. The central registration of patients with these challenging tumors may provide correlates between treatments and outcomes and establish prognostic factors at the pathological or molecular level that may further guide us in the future.
Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Paul J. Brindley, Melinda Bachini, Sumera I. Ilyas, Shahid A. Khan, Alex Loukas, Alphonse E. Sirica, Bin Tean Teh, Sopit Wongkham, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2021)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal adenocarcinoma of the hepatobiliary system, which can be classified as intrahepatic, perihilar and distal. Each anatomic subtype has distinct genetic aberrations, clinical presentations and therapeutic approaches. In endemic regions, liver fluke infection is associated with CCA, owing to the oncogenic effect of the associated chronic biliary tract inflammation. In other regions, CCA can be associated with chronic biliary tract inflammation owing to choledocholithiasis, cholelithiasis, or primary sclerosing cholangitis, but most CCAs have no identifiable cause. Administration of the anthelmintic drug praziquantel decreases the risk of CCA from liver flukes, but reinfection is common and future vaccination strategies may be more effective. Some patients with CCA are eligible for potentially curative surgical options, such as resection or liver transplantation. Genetic studies have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of CCA, and two aberrations that drive the pathogenesis of non-fluke-associated intrahepatic CCA, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 fusions and isocitrate dehydrogenase gain-of-function mutations, can be therapeutically targeted. CCA is a highly desmoplastic cancer and targeting the tumour immune microenvironment might be a promising therapeutic approach. CCA remains a highly lethal disease and further scientific and clinical insights are needed to improve patient outcomes. Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly lethal adenocarcinoma of the hepatobiliary system that can be associated with liver fluke infection but often has no identifiable cause. This Primer reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma, and highlights the patient experience and future directions.
Innate Sensors Trigger Regulated Cell Death to Combat Intracellular Infection
Authors: Kengo Nozaki, Lupeng Li, Edward A. Miao
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2022)

Intracellular pathogens pose a significant threat to animals. In defense, innate immune sensors attempt to detect these pathogens using pattern recognition receptors that either directly detect microbial molecules or indirectly detect their pathogenic activity. These sensors trigger different forms of regulated cell death, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, which eliminate the infected host cell niche while simultaneously promoting beneficial immune responses. These defenses force intracellular pathogens to evolve strategies to minimize or completely evade the sensors. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that drive cell death, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRP9, NLRC4, AIM2, IFI16, and ZBP1.
A Manual of Clinical Laboratory Methods.
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Authors' Names Omitted
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial: Radiotherapy and the heart in Hodgkin's disease.
Journal: BMJ (1976)

to those with the AA genotype.9The groups were not, however, matched by socioeconomic and other factors that might have contributed to the observed difference, and the selection of subjects from twin studies may have further complicated assessment.A study from Jamaica (p 1371) appears to reach different conclusions.Both investigations concerned small numbers of people, and clearly more extensive studies are required; but the prevalence of the trait and the far-reaching implications of any possible pathogenicity demand that these should be based on impeccable diagnostic and epidemiological criteria.
UNITED KINGDOM
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Polycythemia in Anoxic Patients with Circulatory Failure
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal