tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Learning Data Correction for Myoelectric Hand Based on “Survival of the Fittest”
Authors: Yusuke Yamanoi, Shunta Togo, Yinlai Jiang, Hiroshi Yokoi
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2021)

In recent years, myoelectric hands have become multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) devices, which are controlled via machine learning methods. However, currently, learning data for myoelectric hands are gathered manually and thus tend to be of low quality. Moreover, in the case of infants, gathering accurate learning data is nearly impossible because of the difficulty of communicating with them. Therefore, a method that automatically corrects errors in the learning data is necessary. Myoelectric hands are wearable robots and thus have volumetric and weight constraints that make it infeasible to store large amounts of data or apply complex processing methods. Compared with general machine learning methods such as image processing, those for myoelectric hands have limitations on the data storage, although the amount of data to be processed is quite large. If we can use this huge amount of processing data to correct the learning data without storing the processing data, the machine learning performance is expected to improve. We then propose a method for correcting the learning data through utilisation of the signals acquired during the use of the myoelectric hand. The proposed method is inspired by "survival of the fittest." The effectiveness of the method was verified through offline analysis. The method reduced the amount of learning data and learning time by approximately a factor of 10 while maintaining classification rates. The classification rates improved for one participant but slightly deteriorated on average among all participants. To solve this problem, verifying the method via interactive learning will be necessary in the future.
Guinea Worm Disease Eradication Is Within Reach
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2021)

With just 27 human cases of Guinea worm disease reported in 2020 and 5 in the first half of 2021, the Guinea Worm Eradication Program is on the verge of eliminating the disease, according to a report from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Outcomes of COVID-19 in Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplant Recipients: A Single Institution Observational Study
Authors: Sami Dwabe, Lakshmi Savitala-Damerla, Jack Rodman, Abdullah Ladha, Eric Tam, Houda Alachkar, Karrune Woan, Preet M. Chaudhary, George Yaghmour
Journal: Blood (2021)
Adaptation and Cryptic Pseudogenization in Penguin Toll-Like Receptors
Authors: Steven R Fiddaman, Michal Vinkler, Simon G Spiro, Hila Levy, Christopher A Emerling, Amy C Boyd, Evangelos A Dimopoulos, Juliana A Vianna, Theresa L Cole, Hailin Pan, Miaoquan Fang, Guojie Zhang, Tom Hart, Laurent A F Frantz, Adrian L Smith
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Penguins (Sphenisciformes) are an iconic order of flightless, diving seabirds distributed across a large latitudinal range in the Southern Hemisphere. The extensive area over which penguins are endemic is likely to have fostered variation in pathogen pressure, which in turn will have imposed differential selective pressures on the penguin immune system. At the front line of pathogen detection and response, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provide insight into host evolution in the face of microbial challenge. TLRs respond to conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are frequently found to be under positive selection, despite retaining specificity for defined agonist classes. We undertook a comparative immunogenetics analysis of TLRs for all penguin species and found evidence of adaptive evolution that was largely restricted to the cell surface-expressed TLRs, with evidence of positive selection at, or near, key agonist-binding sites in TLR1B, TLR4, and TLR5. Intriguingly, TLR15, which is activated by fungal products, appeared to have been pseudogenized multiple times in the Eudyptes spp., but a full-length form was present as a rare haplotype at the population level. However, in vitro analysis revealed that even the full-length form of Eudyptes TLR15 was nonfunctional, indicating an ancestral cryptic pseudogenization prior to its eventual disruption multiple times in the Eudyptes lineage. This unusual pseudogenization event could provide an insight into immune adaptation to fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus, which is responsible for significant mortality in wild and captive bird populations.
Could it be covid? Update information to stop public confusion
Authors: Kathleen E Wenaden
Journal: BMJ (2021)

<b><i><i>Objectives:</i></i></b> To evaluate the neural correlates of attention and working memory deficits in patients with HIV-1. <b><i><i>Method:</i></i></b> fMRI was used to evaluate brain activity in 11 patients with HIV and 11 age-, sex-, education-, and handedness-matched seronegative subjects, while performing a battery of tasks that required different levels of attention for working memory. <b><i><i>Results:</i></i></b> Patients with HIV showed greater brain activation (blood oxygenation level dependent signal changes) in some regions compared with control subjects while performing the same tasks. For the simpler tasks, patients with HIV showed greater activation in the parietal regions. However, with more difficult tasks, patients with HIV showed greater activation additionally in the frontal lobes. Reaction times during these tasks were slower but accuracy was similar in the patients with HIV compared with control subjects. <b><i><i>Conclusion:</i></i></b> Injury to the neural substrate caused by HIV infection may necessitate greater attentional modulation of the neural circuits, hence a greater use of the brain reserve; additional activation of the frontal lobes is required to perform the more complex tasks. The task-dependent increased frontal activation in patients with HIV suggests that the neural correlate of attentional deficits may be excessive attentional modulation as a result of frontostriatal brain injury.
Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Ligands of G Protein–Coupled Receptors: What Can Molecular Docking Do for You?
Authors: Flavio Ballante, Albert J Kooistra, Stefanie Kampen, Chris de Graaf, Jens Carlsson
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2021)

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane proteins in the human genome and are important therapeutic targets. During the last decade, the number of atomic-resolution structures of GPCRs has increased rapidly, providing insights into drug binding at the molecular level. These breakthroughs have created excitement regarding the potential of using structural information in ligand design and initiated a new era of rational drug discovery for GPCRs. The molecular docking method is now widely applied to model the three-dimensional structures of GPCR-ligand complexes and screen for chemical probes in large compound libraries. In this review article, we first summarize the current structural coverage of the GPCR superfamily and the understanding of receptor-ligand interactions at atomic resolution. We then present the general workflow of structure-based virtual screening and strategies to discover GPCR ligands in chemical libraries. We assess the state of the art of this research field by summarizing prospective applications of virtual screening based on experimental structures. Strategies to identify compounds with specific efficacy and selectivity profiles are discussed, illustrating the opportunities and limitations of the molecular docking method. Our overview shows that structure-based virtual screening can discover novel leads and will be essential in pursuing the next generation of GPCR drugs. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> Extraordinary advances in the structural biology of G protein–coupled receptors have revealed the molecular details of ligand recognition by this large family of therapeutic targets, providing novel avenues for rational drug design. Structure-based docking is an efficient computational approach to identify novel chemical probes from large compound libraries, which has the potential to accelerate the development of drug candidates.
Efficacy and Safety of Ruxolitinib and Steroids for Treating Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: James R. Berenson, Daisy Martinez, Tahmineh Safaie, Noemi Silagan, Jennifer To, Tanya M. Spektor, Eli Forouzan, Regina Swift, Benjamin Eades, Shahrooz Eshaghian, Gary Schwartz, Ralph V. Boccia, Honghao H Yang, Mehdi M. Moezi, Stephen Lim, Robert Vescio
Journal: Blood (2021)
Prognostic Value of Interim 18F-DOPA and 18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in Stage 3–4 Pediatric Neuroblastoma
Authors: Kuan-Yin Ko, Ruoh-Fang Yen, Chi-Lun Ko, Shu-Wei Chou, Hsiu-Hao Chang, Yung-Li Yang, Shiann-Tarng Jou, Wen-Ming Hsu, Meng-Yao Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

This retrospective study aimed to determine the prognostic value of imaging parameters derived from midtherapy 18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) and 18F-FDG PET in pediatric patients with stage 3-4 neuroblastoma.We enrolled 32 stage 3-4 pediatric neuroblastoma patients who underwent 18F-DOPA and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans before and after 3 chemotherapy cycles. We measured metabolic and volumetric parameters and applied a metabolic burden scoring system to evaluate the primary tumor extent and soft tissue metastases and that of bone/bone marrow involvement. The associations between these parameters and clinical outcomes were investigated.Over a median follow-up period of 47 months (range, 3-137 months), 16 patients experienced disease progression, and 13 died. After adjustment for clinical factors, multivariate Cox proportional hazard models showed that interim tumor FDG/FDOPA SUVmax (hazard ratio [HR], 5.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-34.98) and interim FDOPA whole-body metabolic burden scores (WBMB) (HR, 7.30; 95% CI, 1.50-35.50) were significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Only interim FDOPA WBMB scores (HR, 7.05; 95% CI, 1.02-48.7) were predictive of progression-free survival. Based on median cutoff values, prognosis (OS and progression-free survival) was significantly associated with an interim FDOPA WBMB score ≥21.92 (all P < 0.05) and interim tumor FDG/FDOPA (SUVmax) score ≥0.57 with poor OS (P < 0.05).Our results indicate that midtreatment FDG and FDOPA PET/CT could serve as prognostic markers in stage 3-4 neuroblastoma patients.
Clip-anchoring technique: a fast, cheap, and efficient way to close a gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy tunnel
Authors: Lucile Héroin, Mathieu Pioche, Pierre Lafeuille, Jérémie Jacques, Martin Bordet, Pierre Mayer, Thomas Lambin
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) is a treatment option for refractory gastroparesis [1]. The technique is similar to the esophageal peroral endoscopic myotomy [2]. However, tunnel closure may be difficult because of the gastric mucosa stretching at the end of the procedure.
Dietary sugar restriction reduces hepatic de novo lipogenesis in adolescent boys with fatty liver disease
Authors: Catherine C. Cohen, Kelvin W. Li, Adina L. Alazraki, Carine Beysen, Carissa A. Carrier, Rebecca L. Cleeton, Mohamad Dandan, Janet Figueroa, Jack Knight-Scott, Cynthia J. Knott, Kimberly P. Newton, Edna M. Nyangau, Claude B. Sirlin, Patricia A. Ugalde-Nicalo, Jean A. Welsh, Marc K. Hellerstein, Jeffrey B. Schwimmer, Miriam B. Vos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

BACKGROUND. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is elevated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Improvements in hepatic fat by dietary sugar reduction may be mediated by reduced DNL, but data are limited, especially in children. We examined the effects of 8 weeks of dietary sugar restriction on hepatic DNL in adolescents with NAFLD and correlations between DNL and other metabolic outcomes.
Avelumab maintenance in advanced urothelial carcinoma: biomarker analysis of the phase 3 JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial
Authors: Thomas Powles, Srikala S. Sridhar, Yohann Loriot, Joaquim Bellmunt, Xinmeng Jasmine Mu, Keith A. Ching, Jie Pu, Cora N. Sternberg, Daniel P. Petrylak, Rosa Tambaro, Louis M. Dourthe, Carlos Alvarez-Fernandez, Maureen Aarts, Alessandra di Pietro, Petros Grivas, Craig B. Davis
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)
Abstract PR-013: The splanchnic mesenchyme during fetal development is the major source of pancreatic cancer associated fibroblasts
Authors: Lu Han, Yongxia Wu, Melodie Parrish, Khushbu Patel, Xuezhong Yu, Michael Ostrowski, Gustavo Leone
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play critical and complex roles in the tumor microenvironment. CAFs are also a major cell type in the desmoplastic stroma in PDAC and may account for half of the entire tumor tissue. Multiple subtypes of CAFs have been suggested, but the tissue origin(s) of CAF subtypes are unknown and genetic tools to robustly target them in vivo are lacking. Here we aimed to examine three potential tissue sources of CAFs: the pancreatic epithelium (through epithelium-to-mesenchyme transition), the bone marrow (through circulation), and the pancreatic mesenchyme or tissue resident fibroblasts (TRFs) in the normal pancreas (through proliferation). We utilized a genetically engineered mouse model of PDAC, where Kras and p53 mutations were engineered in the pancreatic epithelium using an Flp-Frt system. To determine whether the pancreatic epithelium gives rise to CAFs, we permanently labeled the pancreatic epithelium with a GFP reporter and traced their cell descendants by GFP expression. Despite robust GFP labeling of the epithelium, GFP expression was rarely identified in CAFs, suggesting little contribution of epithelium to the CAF pool. To determine whether the bone marrow gives rise to CAFs, we transplanted donor bone marrow carrying a ubiquitously expressed GFP reporter allele to GFP-negative recipient mice. We found that only a small proportion of pancreatic CAFs were tagged with GFP, suggesting their bone marrow origin. Lastly, to determine whether pancreatic TRFs give rise to CAFs, we used an inducible CreER-LoxP system to allow for permanent Tomato labeling in TRFs progenitors, the splanchnic mesenchyme, during mid-gestation. Lineage tracing in PDAC showed that the vast majority of CAFs were labeled with Tomato expression, suggesting their splanchnic origin. Furthermore, certain splanchnic gene expression signatures were persistent in subsets of CAFs in both the PDAC mouse model and human patient samples. In summary, we found that bone marrow contributes to a small proportion of CAFs in PDAC, and the pancreatic epithelium contributes even less. Meanwhile, pancreatic TRFs are derived from the splanchnic mesenchyme during fetal development and they expand to contribute to the vast majority of CAFs in PDAC. Moreover, the persistence of splanchnic signature defines subtypes of CAFs. This study provides approaches to robustly target CAFs in vivo and novel insights into CAF heterogeneity in PDAC. Citation Format: Lu Han, Yongxia Wu, Melodie Parrish, Khushbu Patel, Xuezhong Yu, Michael Ostrowski, Gustavo Leone. The splanchnic mesenchyme during fetal development is the major source of pancreatic cancer associated fibroblasts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2021 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PR-013.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients in South Africa During the COVID-19 Omicron Wave Compared With Previous Waves
Authors: Caroline Maslo, Richard Friedland, Mande Toubkin, Anchen Laubscher, Teshlin Akaloo, Boniswa Kama
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Adeel A. Butt, MBBS, MS; Soha R. Dargham, MPH; Hiam Chemaitelly, MS; Abdullatif Al Khal, MD; Patrick Tang, MD, PhD; Mohammad R. Hasan, PhD; Peter V. Coyle, MD; Anil G. Thomas, MHA, BSN; Abdelsalam M. Borham, MQM; Elli G. Concepcion, BSN; Anvar H. Kaleeckal, MS; Ali Nizar Latif, MD; Roberto Bertollini, MD, MPH; Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra, MD, PhD; Laith J. Abu-Raddad, PhD
Cardiovascular Burden and Adverse Events in Patients With Esophageal Cancer Treated With Chemoradiation for Curative Intent
Authors: Mette Marie A. Søndergaard, Marianne Nordsmark, Kirsten M. Nielsen, Steen H. Poulsen
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2021)

The aim of this study was to characterize the cardiovascular disease (CVD) profile and describe the incidence and characteristics of cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) following chemoradiation and surgery.Underlying CVD is a concern in patients with EC receiving curative treatment with chemoradiation and surgery.Consecutive patients with EC referred for curative treatment were enrolled. Clinical CVD status, ongoing CVD treatment, cardiac function, and physical performance were assessed before chemoradiation. During a 90-day follow-up period, all CV events were noted and classified after in-depth medical record review. CV events were defined by major adverse CV events (transient ischemic attack, imaging-verified new stroke, unstable angina, heart failure or cardiomyopathy) or by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade ≥3 (arrhythmia, thromboembolic events, or pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis).Among 55 patients enrolled (median age 67 years; range: 50-86 years; 89% men), 22% had CVD prior to chemoradiation, and 11% with pre-existing CVD were inadequately treated according to current CV guidelines. Thirteen patients (24%) developed 15 events during follow-up. Pre-existing atrial fibrillation and a dilated left atrium were significantly associated with subsequent CV events. Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction was frequently noted; 51% had impaired LV global longitudinal strain (<18%), and 16% had LV ejection fraction <50%.A systematic cardiac evaluation prior to chemoradiation in patients with EC revealed a high prevalence of undetected CVD, inadequately treated pre-existing CVD, and a high incidence of CV events after chemoradiation. These findings highlight the need for a systematic baseline cardiac examination in patients with EC to optimize CVD treatment. (Impact of Cancer Therapy on Myocardial Function in Patients With Esophagus Cancer [Heartcheck]; NCT03619317).
Incorrect Value in Table
Authors: Thomas Martens, Roy Beck, Richard Bergenstal
Journal: JAMA (2021)

US Preventive Services Task Force; Karina W. Davidson, PhD, MASc; Michael J. Barry, MD; Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH; Michael Cabana, MD, MA, MPH; Aaron B. Caughey, MD, PhD; Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH; Katrina E. Donahue, MD, MPH; Chyke A. Doubeni, MD, MPH; Martha Kubik, PhD, RN; Li Li, MD, PhD, MPH; Gbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MPH; Lori Pbert, PhD; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; James Stevermer, MD, MSPH; Chien-Wen Tseng, MD, MPH, MSEE; John B. Wong, MD
Abstract 12422: Scoping Review of Early Transthoracic Echocardiography for Diagnosis and Prognosis After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Linda Liu, Aris Karatasakis, Peter J Kudenchuk, james kirkpatrick, Michael R Sayre, Catherine Counts, David Carlbom, Kelley R Branch
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is commonly performed early after resuscitation from cardiac arrest (CA). The ability of early TTE to differentiate cardiac from non-cardiac causes of CA or to inform patient outcomes has not been systematically reviewed. Methods: We reviewed MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases from inception to December 2020 for studies that assessed adult recipients of TTE after resuscitation from non-traumatic CA. Studies were included if TTE was obtained early (&lt;72 hours) after spontaneous return of circulation and reported either 1) their diagnostic accuracy for causes of the CA or 2) survival and neurologic outcomes. Diagnostic endpoints also included regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) to ascertain possible acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as the etiology of CA. Prognostic endpoints included TTE parameters and their association with survival to hospital discharge and neurologic outcomes. Results: Of 2518 articles screened, 12 (0.5%) studies met inclusion criteria, representing 1570 unique patients. Meta-analysis was not possible due to missing data and study heterogeneity. Five studies were included in diagnosis review and nine in the prognosis review. No studies reported the diagnostic accuracy of TTE for AMI, although in 3 of 5 studies RWMA were associated with AMI in 53-83% of patients. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction was reported in 8 studies but was not associated with survival (Figure) or neurologic outcomes (n=4). Only high mitral inflow E/e’ ratio (n=1) and decreased right ventricular function (RVD; n=2) were associated with worse survival. Conclusion: This scoping review highlights the limited available data on the utility of early TTE after CA. Assessment of left and right ventricular function and other parameters by TTE is feasible, but further research is necessary to determine their diagnostic and prognostic value after CA.
Efficacy of Acyclovir to Suppress Herpes Simplex Virus Oropharyngeal Reactivation in Patients Who Are Mechanically Ventilated
Authors: Charles-Edouard Luyt, David Hajage, Sonia Burrel, Sami Hraiech, Mamadou Hassimiou Diallo, Laurent Papazian, David Boutolleau
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)
Accuracy of Ultrasound Jugular Venous Pressure Height in Predicting Central Venous Congestion
Authors: Libo Wang, Jonathan Harrison, Elizabeth Dranow, Nijat Aliyev, Lillian Khor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Assessment of volume status through the estimation of central venous pressure (CVP) is integral in the care of heart failure (HF). Bedside assessment is limited by obesity, variation in physical examination skills, and expertise in ultrasonography.To validate the accuracy of quantitative and qualitative point-of-care ultrasonography assessment of jugular venous pressure (JVP) in predicting elevated CVP.Prospective observational study using convenience sampling.2 U.S. academic hospitals.Adult patients undergoing right heart catheterization between 5 February 2019 and 1 March 2021.Estimation of the JVP height by handheld ultrasound device (uJVP), JVP by traditional physical examination, and qualitative presence of a distended uJVP in the upright position (upright-uJVP) was done before invasive measurements. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis of the uJVP was compared with invasive hemodynamics.In 100 participants undergoing right heart catheterization for HF indications (mean age, 59.6 years; 44% with preserved ejection fraction), the uJVP in a reclined position accurately predicted elevated right atrial pressure (RAP) (>10 mm Hg), with an area under the curve of 0.84. A positive uJVP in the upright position was 94.6% specific for predicting elevated RAP.Limited examiners, only 2 centers, and convenience sampling.Point-of-care ultrasonography assessment of the uJVP is feasible, reproducible, and accurately predictive of elevated CVPs in patients undergoing right heart catheterization. Further investigation of clinical application of ultrasound-measured JVP seems warranted.None.
Reply to Takeshi Takahashi’s Letter to the Editor re: Hendrik Van Poppel, Monique J. Roobol, Christopher R. Chapple, et al. Prostate-specific Antigen Testing as Part of a Risk-Adapted Early Detection Strategy for Prostate Cancer: European Association of Urology Position and Recommendations for 2021. Eur Urol 2021;80:703–711: Would You Play a Russian Roulette-type Game of Prostate-specific Antigen Screening on Yourself?
Authors: Hendrik Van Poppel, Monique J Roobol
Journal: European Urology (2021)
131P Translating a novel autotaxin inhibitor from preclinical proof of concept in pancreatic cancer to a biomarker response in human subjects
Authors: S. Milleri, M. Deken, R. Medhi, A. Carruthers, A. Tagliavini, A. Nizzardo, M. Pergher, K. Niewola-Staszkowska, A. Cheasty, A. Fraser, P. Shah, L. van der Veen, L. Ziviani, M. Lahn, Z. Johnson
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)