tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mutagenicity of halogenated olefins and their derivatives
Authors: Herbert S. Rosenkranz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The ability of a series of haloalkanes, haloethanols and haloacetaldehydes to induce mutations in Salmonella typhrimurium and preferentially to inhibit the growth of DNA polymerase-deficient E. coli (pol A+/pol A−) was investigated. For the haloalkanes investigated, the order of reactivities towards the E. coli pol A+/pol A−, was: 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane &gt; 1,1-dibromoethane &gt; 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorethane &gt; 1,2-dibromoethane = 1,5 dibromopentane &gt; 1,2-dibromo-2-methylpropane &gt; 1-bromo-2-chloroethane &gt; 1,2-dichloroethane. In the standard Salmonella mutagenicity assay the order of these substances was 1,2-dibromoethane = 1,5-dibromopentane &gt; 1,2-dibromo-2-methylpropane ≥ 1-bromo-2-chloroethane &gt; 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane = 1,1-dibromoethane &gt; 1,2-dichloroethane. 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane was negative in the standard assay but strongly mutagenic when tested in suspension. It would appear that the discrepancy between the two procedures is due to the fact that bactericidal mutagens cannot be scored reliably in the standard Salmonella assay. The order of reactivity of 2-haloethanols in E. coli pol. A+/pol A−, was 2-iodo &gt; 2-bromo-&gt; 2-chloroethanol. In the Salmonella assay the order was 2-bromo-&gt; 2 iodo- &gt;2-chloro-ethanol. 2-Fluoroethanol and ethanol were devoid of activity in both assays. For the 2-haloacetaldehydes the reactivities in the E. coli system were 2-bromoethylacetate &gt; 2-bromoacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde &gt; 2-chloroacetaldehyde while in the Salmonella system the order was 2-bromoethylacetate &gt; 2-chloroacetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde had minimal activity, while 2-bromoacetaldehyde was without activity but strongly bactericidal.
Editorial: Hypoglycaemia and personality.
Journal: BMJ (1974)

nevertheless recommends admission to hospital and electro- cardiographic control of this form of treatment.Success depended on the infecting strain being demonstably sensitive in vitro to emetine hydrochloride.Two patients with chronic pulmonary disease in whom the fungus was resistant in vitro failed to respond to the treatment.The number of cases treated is small, and this work needs to be extended and examined critically.In particular the details of the sensitivity testing technique ought to be assessed.If confirmed, the findings would be of considerable interest, the short duration of the treatment being a particularly attractive feature.The claim that a single strain each of Nocardia asteroides and Cryptococcus neoformans also showed sensitivity to emetine hydrochloride in vitro similarly requires confirmation.
Abstract 17086: External Support of the Cardiac Base in the Treatment of Functional Mitral Regurgitation &amp; Heart Failure
Authors: Jaishankar Raman, Chandrashekar Padmanabhan, Richard Saldanha, Milind Hote, Marek Deja, Phillipe Pibarot
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Ventricular dysfunction in the presence of normal mitral leaflets is characteristic of functional mitral regurgitation (MR). Surgical treatment with mitral valve repair or replacement, address mitral valve annulus and leaflets, not the ventricular muscle. We describe early and mid-term clinical experience with extra-cardiac treatment of FMR with a novel device that is implanted on a beating heart. Hypothesis: External and adjustable support of the cardiac base can effectively reduce functional MR &amp; HF. Methods: The BACE (Basal Annuloplasty of the Cardia Externally) device is a broad belt/band of silicone that is implanted at the base of the heart, by means of slim polyester belt loops sutured on atrial and ventricular sides of the Atrio-Ventricular groove. Forty one patients (mean age 60.24 years) with functional and ischemic MR were evaluated at 10 multi-national centers between December, 2008 and June, 2018. All patients had moderately severe or severe MR (Mean MR grade 3.3) on trans-thoracic and/or trans-esophageal echocardiography, and impaired LV function (Mean EF 38.5%). Risk assessment by Logistic Euroscore showed a mean of 16.5%. Implantation of the BACE device, was performed, according to sizing performed along the base of the heart, overlapping atrial and ventricular surfaces of the atrio-ventricular groove circumferentially. Mean number of coronary grafts was 2.5. Five patients had stand-alone procedures without CABG. Procedures were performed on a beating heart with the majority of them performed off-pump. Intra-operative trans-esophageal echocardiography allowed customized inflation of specific chambers to selectively deform the annulus and sub-annular myocardium. Results: Three patients required peri-operative adjustment of the BACE device. There were no deaths related to the BACE device or device failures. The degree of MR improved from a mean of 3.4 to 0.88. This &gt;2 class improvement in MR was sustained over the 12 month follow up period in all patients. LVEDD decreased from 5.9±0.6 to 5.5±0.6 cm. Conclusions: Ischemic and functional mitral valve regurgitation can be treated by epicardial implantation and dynamic adjustment of the BACE device. Ventricular stabilization may impact HF progression.
Contamination detection in genomic data: more is not enough
Authors: Luc Cornet, Denis Baurain
Journal: Genome biology (2022)

The decreasing cost of sequencing and concomitant augmentation of publicly available genomes have created an acute need for automated software to assess genomic contamination. During the last 6 years, 18 programs have been published, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Deciding which tools to use becomes more and more difficult without an understanding of the underlying algorithms. We review these programs, benchmarking six of them, and present their main operating principles. This article is intended to guide researchers in the selection of appropriate tools for specific applications. Finally, we present future challenges in the developing field of contamination detection.
Personal View
Authors: M. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A research coordinator reflects upon the implications of expecting patients to give their informed consent to participation in randomized clinical trials. She differentiates between giving consent to treatment, which she considers obligatory, and consent to randomization which she recognizes is controversial. Evans concludes that, if she were the patient, she would prefer to place her trust in the physician and not to know that her treatment was being decided by the toss of a coin.
AN ANTI-VACCINATION CENTER SEVERELY AFFLICTED BY SMALLPOX.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The quest for biomarkers in asthma: challenging the T2 <i>versus</i> non-T2 paradigm
Authors: Sven F. Seys, Merete B. Long
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>It is increasingly evident that the airway inflammatory environment in patients with asthma is the result of a spectrum of immune responses rather than a dichotomy of T2 or non-T2 inflammation, where multiple pathways may be active.</b>https://bit.ly/3vodoSS
Single-cell genomics for resolution of conserved bacterial genes and mobile genetic elements of the human intestinal microbiota using flow cytometry
Authors: Dylan Lawrence, Danielle E. Campbell, Lawrence A. Schriefer, Rachel Rodgers, Forrest C. Walker, Marissa Turkin, Lindsay Droit, Miles Parkes, Scott A. Handley, Megan T. Baldridge
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

As our understanding of the importance of the human microbiota in health and disease grows, so does our need to carefully resolve and delineate its genomic content. 16S rRNA gene-based analyses yield important insights into taxonomic composition, and metagenomics-based approaches reveal the functional potential of microbial communities. However, these methods generally fail to directly link genetic features, including bacterial genes and mobile genetic elements, to each other and to their source bacterial genomes. Further, they are inadequate to capture the microdiversity present within a genus, species, or strain of bacteria within these complex communities. Here, we present a method utilizing fluorescence-activated cell sorting for isolation of single bacterial cells, amplifying their genomes, screening them by 16S rRNA gene analysis, and selecting cells for genomic sequencing. We apply this method to both a cultured laboratory strain of Escherichia coli and human stool samples. Our analyses reveal the capacity of this method to provide nearly complete coverage of bacterial genomes when applied to isolates and partial genomes of bacterial species recovered from complex communities. Additionally, this method permits exploration and comparison of conserved and variable genomic features between individual cells. We generate assemblies of novel genomes within the Ruminococcaceae family and the Holdemanella genus by combining several 16S rRNA gene-matched single cells, and report novel prophages and conjugative transposons for both Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcaceae. Thus, we demonstrate an approach for flow cytometric separation and sequencing of single bacterial cells from the human microbiota, which yields a variety of critical insights into both the functional potential of individual microbes and the variation among those microbes. This method definitively links a variety of conserved and mobile genomic features, and can be extended to further resolve diverse elements present in the human microbiota.
Hiatus Hernia
Authors: N. R. Barrett
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Hiatus hernia is a common serious condition that affects the upper alimentary canal; and yet in 1940 nothing important was known about it.Some surgeons, regarding it as a bizarre internal abdominal hernia, recognized the " paraoesophageal " variety, and cases of volvulus of the stomach had been described.Radiologists did not use the " head-down " position to test competence of the cardia, though Soresi (1919) had described this technique more than 20 years before.And endoscopists " peering through a glass darkly" (Allison, personal communication) had noted obscure inflammations and strictures that were " idiopathic."Morbid anatomists destroyed the evidence by eviscerating the parts and by cutting the oesophagus away from the stomach.Thus, in spite of the intensive study of " indigestion" that occupied the physicians, and of countless laparo- tomies at which the appendix and the gall-bladder were hopefully removed, sliding hiatal hernia remained unknown and its complications arose without cause.It was an Englishman, Philip Allison, who strung the isolated threads into one story.He defined hiatus hernia and pointed out how it differed from abdominal hernias in general, and from other diaphragmatic hernias in particular.His ideas, simple and correct, set research and treatment advancing upon the road of progress, and innumerable patients have benefited as a result.In a number of papers published after 1940 Allison and many others have hammered the following things home.Varieties of Hiatus Hernia 1.There are three principal varieties of hiatus hernia.These should be differentiated, not for anatomical reasons, but because they produce different pathological changes.Paraoesophageal hernia, in which the cardia is normally placed, and the greater curve of the stomach together with the gastro-colic omentum herniates into a peritoneal sac in the mediastinum and through the oesophageal hiatus.This hernia scarcely concerns otolaryngologists, because the oesophagus is normal.It produces few symptoms in some cases, but may cause cardiac pain or arrhythmias, and the stomach in the mediastinum may develop a gastric ulcer or a carcinoma.Sliding hiatal hernia is ten times more common than the paraoesophageal variety.It is a hernia en glissade, but the sac is unimportant because viscera from the abdomen do not get into it.This hernia, which occurs at all ages (Belsey (1952) reported one case in a child aged 3 weeks), matters for one reason only: it produces incompetence of the cardia, and this allows reflux of acid pepsin into the lower part of
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level After a Stroke—Reducing It by Any Means
Authors: Didier Leys, Barbara Casolla, Charlotte Cordonnier
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Abstract 17387: Time Difference Between Mitral and Tricuspid Opening Has a Prognostic Value in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Masataka Sugahara, Masanori Asakura, Akiko Goda, Kumiko Masai, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: It is certain that comprehensive noninvasive assessment of LV and RV hemodynamics is valuable in the management of patients with heart failure (HF); however, the value of the noninvasive bi-ventricular hemodynamic assessment has been hampered by methodological limitations. Dual Doppler echocardiography was used to overcome the limitations by measuring a time difference between the mitral and tricuspid valve opening (MO-TO time) in a real-time fashion. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that MO-TO time was of additive prognostic value in patients with HF. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 60 patients with sinus rhythm who were admitted because of worsening of HF and underwent an invasive hemodynamic study after stabilization of the acute phase of HF. MO-TO time was measured in addition to routine echo parameters, invasive hemodynamic parameters and plasma BNP level in all patients. Patients were divided into either of two groups based on the MO-TO time: MOP (MO precedes to TO), and TOP (TO precedes to MO) groups. We followed up the predefined adverse outcome, cardiovascular death, and hospitalization due to worsening HF in all patients for a year. Results: The pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) were higher in the MOP group than in the TOP group (21 ± 8.5 vs. 11 ± 4.5 mmHg, p &lt; 0.001; 32 ± 8.8 vs. 21 ± 5.5, p &lt; 0.001), respectively. PAWP and mPAP correlated with the MO-TO time (r = -0.74, p &lt; 0.001; r = -0.70, p &lt; 0.001). MOP had a high probability of adverse cardiovascular outcome (Log-rank test; p = 0.002). In univariate Cox analysis, mitral E/A ratio, BNP, and MO-TO time were significant predictors (p = 0.044, p = 0.019, and p = 0.012), respectively. An addition of MOP improved the predictive power of univariate predictors (mitral E/A ratio, BNP) in the bivariate Cox analysis. Conclusions: The MO-TO time may be a useful marker to detect the elevation of PAWP and mPAP. MOP reflects pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease and has a prognostic value in predicting adverse cardiovascular events in patients with HF.
Abstract 147: Impact of Recording Direction on the Amplitude Spectrum Area of the Ventricular Fibrillation Waveform: A Study on Limb and Precordial ECG-Leads
Authors: Jos Thannhauser, Joris Nas, Dennis J Rebergen, Gjerrit Meinsma, Niels van Royen, Joep L Smeets, Judith L Bonnes, Marc A Brouwer
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Currently, “smart” automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are under investigation that use the ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform to guide shock timing. Recent publications show that AED electrode placement varies greatly in clinical practice, which may affect the registered values of VF waveform characteristics. Therefore, we investigated whether recording direction influences the observed value of the most commonly assessed VF-waveform characteristic: the amplitude spectrum area (AMSA). Methods: Prospective cohort of patients who underwent defibrillation testing after implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) (2010-2013). Four-second segments of induced VF were selected prior to the ICD-shock. AMSA was calculated for bipolar and unipolar ECG-leads (I, II, V3 and V6) and reported as means ± standard deviations. Pairwise comparisons between leads were performed using paired samples t-tests. Results: We studied 180 patients, mean age 63 ± 13 years and 134/180 (74%) males. The mean AMSA was the highest in lead V3 (20.1 ± 9.3 mVHz) and the lowest in lead I (7.9 ± 3.5 mVHz). Significant differences in AMSA between ECG-leads were found between lead I and lead II, between lead I and leads V3,V6 (all p&lt;.001) and between lead V3 and leads II,V6 (both p&lt;.001) (Figure). No other differences were found. Conclusion: VF-waveform characteristics vary greatly with the recording direction of ECG electrodes. In an era where “smart” defibrillators are under investigation using specific cut-off values of the AMSA, these findings are of great importance. Future studies on VF-guided shock delivery should use standardized paddle placement.
Research findings of potential value to the practitioner
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17142: Parkin Deficiency Shortens Life Span and Accelerates Cardiac Aging: Role of Telomere Dysfunction and Mitochondrial Genome Instability
Authors: Jun Ren, Yingmei Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Aging is accompanied with unfavorable geometric and functional changes in the heart involving dysregulated autophagy and mitochondrial integrity. Telomere dysfunction plays a complex role in life span and cardiac aging although the interplay between mitophagy and telomere function remains elusive. Method: This study examined the impact of global Parkin ablation on lifespan and cardiac aging, and the mechanisms involved with a focus on telomere function and mitochondrial integrity. Echocardiography, cardiomyocyte mechanical function, telomerase activity, mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial genome stability were assessed in young (4-5 months) and old (18 months) WT and Parkin-/- mice. Result: Our results revealed that Parkin ablation shortened lifespan (by 12.4%) and accentuated aging (18 months)-induced unfavorable changes in cardiac function, cardiac remodeling (heart weight, LV wall thickness, LV systolic and diastolic diameters, and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area) and intracellular Ca 2+ handling. Advanced aging disturbed autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial integrity as evidenced by increased p62, decreased levels of beclin-1, Atg7, LC3B, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, UCP-2, PGC-1α and aconitase activity, the effects of which were accentuated by Parkin deficiency. Aging triggered telomerase dysfunction and mitochondrial instability including PGC1α, NRF1, and TFAM, the effect of which was accentuated by Parkin deficiency. Conclusion: Our work revealed that Parkin ablation exacerbates aging-induced cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial injury, possibly in association with telomere dysfunction and mitochondrial instability.
Engineered Customizable Microvessels for Progressive Vascularization in Large Regenerative Implants (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 4/2022)
Authors: Cuidi Li, Xiaoyu Han, Zhenjiang Ma, Tianyang Jie, Jinwu Wang, Lianfu Deng, Wenguo Cui
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Injectable Implants In article number 2101836 by Wenguo Cui and co-workers, an endothelial cells-laden bioink is uniformly patterned into engineered customizable microvessels with adjustable length via combining a celluar coaxial microfluidic technology and a microsurgery post-dissection treatment. The customizable microvessels display excellent injectability and outstanding sprouting angiogenesis potential, and thus can be easily introduced into a variety of soft/hard regenerative scaffolds for controllable vascularization promotion.