tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum Copper and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality among Men without Diabetes: A 26-year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nzechukwu M. Isiozor, Setor K. Kunutsor, Ari Voutilainen, Sohaib Khan, Jussi Kauhanen, Jari A. Laukkanen
Journal: Metabolism (2021)
Correspondence on ‘Concomitant use of oral glucocorticoids and proton pump inhibitors and risk of osteoporotic fractures among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study’
Authors: Bing-kun Zheng
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

I read with great interest the article published by Abtahi et al recently.1 The authors aimed to investigate the association between concomitant use of oral glucocorticoids (GCs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the risk of osteoporotic fractures among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.1 The study showed that concomitant current use of oral GCs and PPIs was associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures compared with non-use (adjusted HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.35 to 1.89). Both oral GC and PPI use alone were also associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture compared with non-use (adjusted HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.47 (oral GC use alone); adjusted HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.42 (PPI use …
Personalized medicine of non-gene-specific chemotherapies for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wenxiao Jiang, Guiqing Cai, Peter Hu, Yue Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

Non-small cell lung cancer is recognized as the deadliest cancer across the globe. In some areas, it is more common in women than even breast and cervical cancer. Its rise, vaulted by smoking habits and increasing air pollution, has garnered much attention and resource in the medical field. The first lung cancer treatments were developed more than half a century ago. Unfortunately, many of the earlier chemotherapies often did more harm than good, especially when they were used to treat genetically unsuitable patients. With the introduction of personalized medicine, physicians are increasingly aware of when, how, and in whom, to use certain anti-cancer agents. Drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies possess limited utility because they target specific oncogenic mutations, but other drugs that target mechanisms universal to all cancers do not. In this review, we discuss many of these non-oncogene-targeting anti-cancer agents including DNA replication inhibitors (i.e., alkylating agents and topoisomerase inhibitors) and cytoskeletal function inhibitors to highlight their application in the setting of personalized medicine as well as their limitations and resistance factors.
Abstract 16584: Inflammatory Bowel Disease is Independently Associated With Elevated Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Young Patients: Insights From CLARIFY Study
Authors: Sadeer Al-Kindi, Nour Tashtish, Graham Bevan, Imran Rashid, Kianoush Ansari-Gilani, Eamonn Quigley, Nehal N Mehta, Miguel Cainzos Achirica, Khurram Nasir, Sanjay Rajagopalan
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Chronic inflammatory disease states are associated with higher incidence of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the young. However, data on whether younger patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are particularly at higher risk for subclinical atherosclerotic disease is scarce. Methods: Using data obtained from the CLARIFY registry (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04075162), a prospective study of no-charge coronary artery calcium (CAC) testing at University Hospitals, we identified all patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease and compared the presence (&gt;0) and high (≥100) CAC with all patients in CLARIFY without IBD stratified by age group (non-elderly: ≤65 years; elderly &gt;65 years), and adjusting for traditional ASCVD risk factors. Results: A total of 475 patients with IBD (252 UC, 196 CD, 27 both) and 43,437 controls without IBD were included. Compared with control, patients with IBD were more likely to be female (59% vs 50%, P&lt;0.001), to have diabetes (12% vs 17%, P&lt;0.001), and to be smokers (38% vs 22%, P&lt;0.001). Overall, 31% of adults with IBD had CAC&gt;100 compared to 28% without IBD (p=0.10). The respective prevalence was 25% vs. 21% (p=0.08) among non-elderly participants, and 45% vs. 47% (p=0.49) among elderly. In the total population, no association between IBD and CAC&gt;0 or CAC&gt;100 was noted. However, there was evidence of effect modification by pre-specified age strata (p-value for interaction 0.012, figure), where the odds of CAC≥100 was 1.38-fold higher (95% CI: 1.02-1.89) for IBD among participants ≤65 years vs among elderly participants [OR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.57-1.22]. Conclusions: Non-elderly IBD patients are at increased risk for significant coronary calcified atherosclerotic disease. Further studies are needed to understand underlying biological processes and implications of increased atherosclerotic disease risk among young adults with IBD.
Mepolizumab Improves Health Related Quality of Life for Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: Data from the SYNAPSE study
Authors: Stella Lee, Maggie Tabberer, Andrew Trigg, Joseph Han, Wytske Fokkens, Robert Naclerio, Philippe Gevaert, Ana Sousa, Peter Howarth, Bhabita Mayer, Steven Yancey, Robert Chan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Bite of the wolf: innate immune responses propagate autoimmunity in lupus
Authors: Sarthak Gupta, Mariana J. Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2021)

The etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a clinically heterogeneous multisystemic syndrome that derives its name from the initial characterization of facial lesions that resemble the bite of a wolf, is considered a complex, multifactorial interplay between underlying genetic susceptibility factors and the environment. Prominent pathogenic factors include the induction of aberrant cell death pathways coupled with defective cell death clearance mechanisms that promote excessive externalization of modified cellular and nuclear debris with subsequent loss of tolerance to a wide variety of autoantigens and innate and adaptive immune dysregulation. While abnormalities in adaptive immunity are well recognized and are key to the pathogenesis of SLE, recent findings have emphasized fundamental roles of the innate immune system in the initiation and propagation of autoimmunity and the development of organ damage in this disease. This Review focuses on recent discoveries regarding the role of components of the innate immune system, specifically neutrophils and interferons, in promoting various aspects of lupus pathogenesis, with potential implications for novel therapeutic strategies.
Covid-19: Four in 10 people with evidence of past infection had no classic symptoms, study finds
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19: Four in 10 people with evidence of past infection had no classic symptoms, study finds Elisabeth MahaseAround one in four people who had evidence of past covid-19 infection were completely asymptomatic, while 40% did not have one of the three classic symptoms-fever, persistent dry cough, or loss of sense of taste or smell, according to a UK study.
Assessing the Frequencies of Micro- and Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes
Authors: José Esteban Fernández-Gárate, Leticia Manuel-Apolinar, María de Lourdes Basurto Acevedo, Jessie N. Zurita-Cruz, María Luisa Arellano Flores, Roberto Alejandro Correa González, Nelly González Cisneros
Journal: Metabolism (2021)
Distinct types of stem cell divisions determine organ regeneration and aging in hair follicles
Authors: Hiroyuki Matsumura, Nan Liu, Daisuke Nanba, Shizuko Ichinose, Aki Takada, Sotaro Kurata, Hironobu Morinaga, Yasuaki Mohri, Adèle De Arcangelis, Shigeo Ohno, Emi K. Nishimura
Journal: Nature Aging (2021)
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity
Authors: John P.H. Wilding, Rachel L. Batterham, Salvatore Calanna, Melanie Davies, Luc F. Van Gaal, Ildiko Lingvay, Barbara M. McGowan, Julio Rosenstock, Marie T.D. Tran, Thomas A. Wadden, Sean Wharton, Koutaro Yokote, Niels Zeuthen, Robert F. Kushner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Obesity is a global health challenge with few pharmacologic options. Whether adults with obesity can achieve weight loss with once-weekly semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention has not been confirmed.
Update on Blood Pressure Control Among US Adults With Hypertension—Reply
Authors: Paul Muntner, Shakia T. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of Right Ventricular Dysfunction on Outcomes After Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Nicole Karam, Lukas Stolz, Mathias Orban, Simon Deseive, Fabien Praz, Daniel Kalbacher, Dirk Westermann, Daniel Braun, Michael Näbauer, Michael Neuss, Christian Butter, Mohammad Kassar, Aniela Petrescu, Roman Pfister, Christos Iliadis, Matthias Unterhuber, Sang-Don Park, Holger Thiele, Stephan Baldus, Ralph Stephan von Bardeleben, Stefan Blankenberg, Steffen Massberg, Stephan Windecker, Philipp Lurz, Jörg Hausleiter
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2021)
Natriuretic Equation to Predict Loop Diuretic Response in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Veena S. Rao, Juan B. Ivey-Miranda, Zachary L. Cox, Ralph Riello, Matthew Griffin, James Fleming, Richard Soucier, Prasama Sangkachand, Margaret O’Brien, Francine LoRusso, Julie D’Ambrosi, Keith Churchwell, Devin Mahoney, Lavanya Bellumkonda, Jennifer L. Asher, Christopher Maulion, Jeffrey M. Turner, F. Perry Wilson, Sean P. Collins, Jeffrey M. Testani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult patients with t(4;11)(q21;q23) KMT2A/AFF1 B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission: impact of pretransplant measurable residual disease (MRD) status. An analysis from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT
Authors: Jordi Esteve, Sebastian Giebel, Myriam Labopin, Tomasz Czerw, Depei Wu, Liisa Volin, Gerard Socié, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Johan Maertens, Jan J. Cornelissen, Arnaud Pigneux, Avichai Shimoni, Rainer Schwerdtfeger, Hélène Labussière-Wallet, Nigel Russell, Anton Schattenberg, Patrice Chevallier, Vladimir Koza, Robin Foà, Christoph Schmid, Zinaida Peric, Mohamad Mohty, Arnon Nagler
Journal: Leukemia (2021)
SARS-CoV-2 full length spike protein for COVID-19 vaccine development and diagnostic testing
Authors: Crystal Richardson, Mayuresh Abhyankar, Jillian Bracaglia, Sayeh Agah, Zachary Schuhmacher, Bryan Smith, Sabina Wuenschmann, William Petri, Martin Chapman, Anna Pomes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Velma T. E. Aho, Madelyn C. Houser, Pedro A. B. Pereira, Jianjun Chang, Knut Rudi, Lars Paulin, Vicki Hertzberg, Petri Auvinen, Malú G. Tansey, Filip Scheperjans
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2021)

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota, permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammation are altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how these factors are linked and how they contribute to disease processes and symptoms remains uncertain. This study sought to compare and identify associations among these factors in PD patients and controls to elucidate their interrelations and links to clinical manifestations of PD. Methods Stool and plasma samples and clinical data were collected from 55 PD patients and 56 controls. Levels of stool SCFAs and stool and plasma inflammatory and permeability markers were compared between patients and controls and related to one another and to the gut microbiota. Results Calprotectin was increased and SCFAs decreased in stool in PD in a sex-dependent manner. Inflammatory markers in plasma and stool were neither intercorrelated nor strongly associated with SCFA levels. Age at PD onset was positively correlated with SCFAs and negatively correlated with CXCL8 and IL-1β in stool. Fecal zonulin correlated positively with fecal NGAL and negatively with PD motor and non-motor symptoms. Microbiota diversity and composition were linked to levels of SCFAs, inflammatory factors, and zonulin in stool. Certain relationships differed between patients and controls and by sex. Conclusions Intestinal inflammatory responses and reductions in fecal SCFAs occur in PD, are related to the microbiota and to disease onset, and are not reflected in plasma inflammatory profiles. Some of these relationships are distinct in PD and are sex-dependent. This study revealed potential alterations in microbiota-host interactions and links between earlier PD onset and intestinal inflammatory responses and reduced SCFA levels, highlighting candidate molecules and pathways which may contribute to PD pathogenesis and clinical presentation and which warrant further investigation.
Modulation of Mast Cells by Epicutaneous Immunotherapy (EPIT) to Cashew Allergy
Authors: Pierre-Louis Hervé, Audrey Perrin, Nathalie OREAL, Camille Plaquet, Laetitia Gaulme, Noémie Assoun, Katie Matthews, Jean-Louis Labernardière, Hugh Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Abstract 11011: Heart Failure Influences Nucleolar Organization and Protein Expression in Human Hearts
Authors: Miguel Rivera, Esther Rosello, Antonio Salvador, Estefania Tarazon, Micaela Molina, Inmaculada Azorin, Raquel Cortes, Luis Martinez Dolz, Luis Almenar, Ignacio Sanchez Lazaro, Francisca Lago, Jose Ramon Gonzalez Juanatey, Anastasio Montero, Manuel Portoles
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: The nucleolus represents a dynamic structure involved in important cellular processes, but its role in development of heart failure (HF) has not been studied. Methods: We investigate ...
Cervical cancer screening in older women
Authors: Clare Gilham, Emma J Crosbie, Julian Peto
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Cervical cancer screening in older women Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Which Aspects Of Atopic Dermatitis Predict Peanut Allergy In Infancy?
Authors: Mansi Kotwal, Michael Pistiner, Wayne Shreffler, Robert Wood, Joan Dunlop, Jennifer Dantzer, Mihaela Plesa, Daria Szelag, Roger Peng, Alkis Togias, Corinne Keet
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Molecular Diagnostic Yield of Exome Sequencing in Patients With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Andrés Moreno-De-Luca, Francisca Millan, Denis R. Pesacreta, Houda Z. Elloumi, Matthew T. Oetjens, Claire Teigen, Karen E. Wain, Julie Scuffins, Scott M. Myers, Rebecca I. Torene, Vladimir G. Gainullin, Kevin Arvai, H. Lester Kirchner, David H. Ledbetter, Kyle Retterer, Christa L. Martin
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Cerebral palsy is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting movement and posture that often co-occurs with other neurodevelopmental disorders. Individual cases of cerebral palsy are often attributed to birth asphyxia; however, recent studies indicate that asphyxia accounts for less than 10% of cerebral palsy cases.To determine the molecular diagnostic yield of exome sequencing (prevalence of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants) in individuals with cerebral palsy.A retrospective cohort study of patients with cerebral palsy that included a clinical laboratory referral cohort with data accrued between 2012 and 2018 and a health care-based cohort with data accrued between 2007 and 2017.Exome sequencing with copy number variant detection.The primary outcome was the molecular diagnostic yield of exome sequencing.Among 1345 patients from the clinical laboratory referral cohort, the median age was 8.8 years (interquartile range, 4.4-14.7 years; range, 0.1-66 years) and 601 (45%) were female. Among 181 patients in the health care-based cohort, the median age was 41.9 years (interquartile range, 28.0-59.6 years; range, 4.8-89 years) and 96 (53%) were female. The molecular diagnostic yield of exome sequencing was 32.7% (95% CI, 30.2%-35.2%) in the clinical laboratory referral cohort and 10.5% (95% CI, 6.0%-15.0%) in the health care-based cohort. The molecular diagnostic yield ranged from 11.2% (95% CI, 6.4%-16.2%) for patients without intellectual disability, epilepsy, or autism spectrum disorder to 32.9% (95% CI, 25.7%-40.1%) for patients with all 3 comorbidities. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were identified in 229 genes (29.5% of 1526 patients); 86 genes were mutated in 2 or more patients (20.1% of 1526 patients) and 10 genes with mutations were independently identified in both cohorts (2.9% of 1526 patients).Among 2 cohorts of patients with cerebral palsy who underwent exome sequencing, the prevalence of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants was 32.7% in a cohort that predominantly consisted of pediatric patients and 10.5% in a cohort that predominantly consisted of adult patients. Further research is needed to understand the clinical implications of these findings.
Removal of nonimpacted third molars alters the periodontal condition of their neighbors clinically, immunologically, and microbiologically
Authors: Yi Tian, Lijuan Sun, Honglei Qu, Yang Yang, Faming Chen
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2021)

Abstract Considering the adverse effects of nonimpacted third molars (N-M3s) on the periodontal health of adjacent second molars (M2s), the removal of N-M3s may be beneficial to the periodontal health of their neighbors. This study aimed to investigate the clinical, immunological, and microbiological changes of the periodontal condition around M2s following removal of neighboring N-M3s across a 6-month period. Subjects with at least one quadrant containing an intact first molar (M1), M2, and N-M3 were screened and those who met the inclusion criteria and decided to receive N-M3 extraction were recruited in the following investigation. M2 periodontal condition was interrogated before M3 extraction (baseline) and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Improvements in clinical periodontal indexes of M2s in response to their adjacent N-M3 removal, along with changes in inflammatory biomarkers among gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the composition of subgingival plaque collected from the distal sites of the M2s of the targeted quadrant were parallelly analyzed. Complete data of 26 tooth extraction patients across the follow-up period were successfully obtained and subsequently applied for statistical analysis. Compared to the baseline, the periodontal condition of M2s was significantly changed 6 months after N-M3 removal; specifically, the probing depth of M2s significantly reduced ( P &lt; 0.001), the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 concentration involved in GCF significantly decreased ( P = 0.025), and the abundance of the pathogenic genera unidentified Prevotellaceae and Streptococcus significantly decreased ( P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). We concluded that N-M3 removal was associated with superior clinical indexes, decreased GCF inflammatory biomarkers, and reduced pathogenic microbiome distribution within the subgingival plaque. Although the retention or removal of N-M3s continues to be controversial, our findings provide additional evidence that medical decisions should be made as early as possible or at least before the neighboring teeth are irretrievably damaged.
Contemporary Reappraisal of Intraoperative Neck Margin Assessment During Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jashodeep Datta, Brent A. Willobee, Emily L. Ryon, Mihir M. Shah, Jeffrey A. Drebin, David A. Kooby, Nipun B. Merchant
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Although margin-negative (R0) resection is the gold standard for surgical management of localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the question of how to manage the patient with a microscopically positive intraoperative neck margin (IONM) during pancreaticoduodenectomy remains controversial.In the absence of randomized clinical trials, we critically evaluated high-quality retrospective studies examining the oncologic utility of re-resecting positive IONMs during pancreaticoduodenectomy for PDAC (2000-2019). Several studies have concluded that additional pancreatic resection to achieve an R0 margin in IONM-positive cases does not influence survival. The largest is a multi-institutional study of 1399 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, which demonstrated that in comparison with patients undergoing R0 resection (n = 1196; median survival, 21 months), those with either final R1 resections (n = 131) or undergoing margin conversion from IONM-positive to R0 resection on permanent section (n = 72) demonstrated similar median survival times (13.7 and 11.9 months, respectively). Conversely, recent reports suggest that the conversion of IONM to R0 resection with additional resection or even total pancreatectomy may be associated with improved survival. The discordance between these conflicting studies could be explained in part by the influence of biologic and physiologic selection on the association of IONM re-resection and survival. Since most studies did not include patients receiving modern combination chemotherapy regimens, the intersection between margin status, tumor biology, and chemoresponsiveness remains unclear. Furthermore, there are no dedicated data to guide surgical management in IONM-positive pancreaticoduodenectomy for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Although data regarding the oncologic utility of additional resection to achieve a tumor-free margin following initial IONM positivity during pancreaticoduodenectomy for PDAC are conflicting, they suggest that IONM positivity may be a surrogate for biologic aggressiveness that is unlikely to be mitigated by the extent of surgical resection. The complex relationship between margin status and chemoresponsiveness warrants exploration in studies including patients receiving increasingly effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy.