tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Antitumor and Antimetastatic Efficacy of a Polyacetal‐Based Paclitaxel Conjugate for Prostate Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yolanda Fernández, Julie Movellan, Laia Foradada, Vanessa Giménez, Natalia García‐Aranda, Sandra Mancilla, Ana Armiñán, Sven Even Borgos, Astrid Hyldbakk, Anna Bogdanska, Oliviero L. Gobbo, Adriele Prina‐Mello, Jessica Ponti, Luigi Calzolai, Oleksandr Zagorodko, Elena Gallon, Amaya Niño‐Pariente, Alison Paul, Simó Schwartz Jr, Ibane Abasolo, María J. Vicent
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the leading causes of cancer‐related deaths, currently lacks effective treatment for advanced‐stage disease. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a highly active chemotherapeutic drug and the first‐line treatment for PCa; however, conventional PTX formulation causes severe hypersensitivity reactions and limits PTX use at high concentrations. In the pursuit of high molecular weight, biodegradable, and pH‐responsive polymeric carriers, one conjugates PTX to a polyacetal‐based nanocarrier to yield a tert ‐Ser‐PTX polyacetal conjugate. tert ‐Ser‐PTX conjugate provides sustained release of PTX over 2 weeks in a pH‐responsive manner while also obtaining a degree of epimerization of PTX to 7‐epi‐PTX. Serum proteins stabilize tert ‐Ser‐PTX, with enhanced stability in human serum versus PBS (pH 7.4). In vitro efficacy assessments in PCa cells demonstrate IC 50 values above those for the free form of PTX due to the differential cell trafficking modes; however, in vivo tolerability assays demonstrate that tert ‐Ser‐PTX significantly reduces the systemic toxicities associated with free PTX treatment. tert ‐Ser‐PTX also effectively inhibits primary tumor growth and hematologic, lymphatic, and coelomic dissemination, as confirmed by in vivo and ex vivo bioluminescence imaging and histopathological evaluations in mice carrying orthotopic LNCaP tumors. Overall, the results suggest the application of tert ‐Ser‐PTX as a robust antitumor/antimetastatic treatment for PCa.
U-shaped relationship between urea level and hepatic decompensation in chronic liver diseases
Authors: Huapeng Lin, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Xinrong Zhang, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Ken Liu, Yee Kit Tse, Vicki Wing-Ki Hui, Jimmy Che-To Lai, Henry Lik-Yuen Chan, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2021)

We aimed to determine the association between blood urea level and incident cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients.The association between blood urea level and liver fibrosis/liver-related events were evaluated on continuous scale with restricted cubic spline curves based on generalized additive model or Cox proportional hazards models. Then, the above associations were evaluated by urea level within intervals.Among 4,282 patients who had undergone liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography, baseline urea level had a U-shaped association with LSM and hepatic decompensation development after a median follow-up of 5.5 years. Compared to patients with urea of 3.6-9.9 mmol/L, those with urea ≤3.5 mmol/L (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 4.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-10.24) and ≥10 mmol/L (aHR, 5.22; 95% CI, 1.86-14.67) had higher risk of hepatic decompensation. Patients with urea ≤3.5 mmol/L also had higher risk of incident cirrhosis (aHR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.50-6.98). The association between low urea level and incident cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation was consistently observed in subgroups by age, gender, albumin level, and comorbidities. The U-shaped relationship between urea level and LSM was validated in another population screening study (n=917). Likewise, urea ≤3.5 mmol/L was associated with a higher risk of incident cirrhosis in a territory-wide cohort of 12,476 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease at a median follow-up of 9.9 years (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.57).We identified a U-shaped relationship between the urea level and liver fibrosis/incident cirrhosis/hepatic decompensation in patients with CLD.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Robot-Assisted, Video-Assisted, and Open Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Michael A. Mederos, Michael J. de Virgilio, Rivfka Shenoy, Linda Ye, Paul A. Toste, Selene S. Mak, Marika S. Booth, Meron M. Begashaw, Mark Wilson, William Gunnar, Paul G. Shekelle, Melinda Maggard-Gibbons, Mark D. Girgis
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> The utilization of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) for esophageal cancer is increasing, despite limited data comparing RAMIE with other surgical approaches. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the literature for clinical outcomes of RAMIE compared with video-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (VAMIE) and open esophagectomy (OE). <h3>Data Sources</h3> A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, and Embase databases from January 1, 2013, to May 6, 2020, was performed. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Studies that compared RAMIE with VAMIE and/or OE for cancer were included. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline, data were extracted by independent reviewers. A random-effects meta-analysis of 9 propensity-matched studies was performed for the RAMIE vs VAMIE comparison only. A narrative synthesis of RAMIE vs VAMIE and OE was performed. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The outcomes of interest were intraoperative outcomes (ie, estimated blood loss [EBL], operative time, lymph node [LN] harvest), short-term outcomes (anastomotic leak, recurrent laryngeal nerve [RLN] palsy, pulmonary and total complications, and 90-day mortality), and long-term oncologic outcomes. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 21 studies (2 randomized clinical trials, 11 propensity-matched studies, and 8 unmatched studies) with 9355 patients were included. A meta-analysis was performed with 9 propensity-matched studies comparing RAMIE with VAMIE. The random-effects pooled estimate found an adjusted risk difference (RD) of −0.06 (95% CI, −0.11 to −0.01) favoring fewer pulmonary complications with RAMIE. There was no evidence of differences between RAMIE and VAMIE in LN harvest (mean difference [MD], −1.1 LN; 95% CI, −2.45 to 0.25 LNs), anastomotic leak (RD, 0.0; 95% CI, −0.03 to 0.03), EBL (MD, −6.25 mL; 95% CI, −18.26 to 5.77 mL), RLN palsy (RD, 0.01; 95% CI, −0.08 to 0.10), total complications (RD, 0.05; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.11), or 90-day mortality (RD, −0.01; 95% CI, −0.02 to 0.0). There was low certainty of evidence that RAMIE was associated with a longer disease-free survival compared with VAMIE. For OE comparisons (data not pooled), RAMIE was associated with a longer operative time, decreased EBL, and less pulmonary and total complications. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, RAMIE had similar outcomes as VAMIE but was associated with fewer pulmonary complications compared with VAMIE and OE. Studies on long-term functional and cancer outcomes are needed.
Hepatocytic p62 suppresses ductular reaction and tumorigenesis in mouse livers with mTORC1 activation and defective autophagy
Authors: Xiaojuan Chao, Shaogui Wang, Sam Fulte, Xiaowen Ma, Forkan Ahamed, Wei Cui, Zhipeng Liu, Thomas Rülicke, Kurt Zatloukal, Wei-Xing Zong, Wanqing Liu, Hong-Min Ni, Wen-Xing Ding
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2021)
カテーテルアブレーションに専門化した女性電気生理学者に対する放射線曝露:いかに,心房細動除去で蛍光透視時間を減少させるか?
Authors: Yoshimura Akino, Iriki Yasuhisa, Ichiki Hitoshi, Okui Hideki, Oketani Naoya, Hamasaki Shuichi, Ohishi Mitsuru
Journal: Circulation (2014)
TCT-154 Advanced Radiation Protection in PCI and Diagnostic Procedures With a Ceiling-Suspended Radiation Protection System—Data From the OSCAR Registry
Authors: Mathias Brandt, Erika Prinz, Christiana Schernthaner, Johannes Kraus, Wilfried Wintersteller, Matthias Hammerer, Bernhard Strohmer, Michael Lichtenauer, Lukas Motloch, Uta Hoppe, Olaf Nairz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Optimal time for surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis or optimal surgery?
Authors: V.G. Yareshko, Iu.O. Mikheiev, O.F. Shpylenko, O.M. Babii
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

Background. The majority of studies on the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) compare treatment outcomes by the type of the procedure. However, some studies, especially systematic reviews and meta-analyses, indicate the equality of different surgeries by their long-term results. During last 5–9 years, several studies showed advantages of early surgery in chronic pancreatitis, within three years after symptoms onset. Objective: to analyze the short- and long-term results of surgical treatment for chronic pancreatitis regarding timing and, accordingly, the neglect of the disease. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of data of 147 patients from 2001 to 2020, the main intervention was surgery aimed at the main manifestations of CP, such as pancreatic ductal and/or parenchymal hypertension. Patients who suffered from CP symptoms 3 years or more were included in the control group (late surgery), and those who noted symptoms of CP for less than 3 years were included in the study group (early surgery). All patients completed the EORTC QLQ-30, SF-36 questionnaires, as well as the questionnaire developed by the study authors, via telephone or mail, or during the visit. Results. According to all scales of the SF-36 questionnaire, except for Physical functioning, the group of early surgery prevails over the group of late surgery. The early surgery group had the best average scores on all functional scales of the EORTC QLQ-30 questionnaire compared to the late surgery group, except for the Cognitive functioning. Of the symptomatic scales, the early surgery group had the best averages on Pain and Diarrhea. The average Health/Quality of life scale was significantly better in the early surgery group. Conclusions. The quality of life, pain control, pancreatic function in patients operated within 3 years from the onset of CP symptoms were better compared to those with longer disease duration, with the same short-term results. The duration of the disease is a major factor for the success of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis in terms of long-term results. The early surgery is effective approach to obtain better long-term outcomes in chronic pancreatitis.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospitalizations for Alcoholic Hepatitis or Cirrhosis in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Abdel Aziz Shaheen, Kristine Kong, Christopher Ma, Chelsea Doktorchik, Carla S. Coffin, Mark G. Swain, Kelly W. Burak, Stephen E. Congly, Samuel S. Lee, Matthew Sadler, Meredith Borman, Juan G. Abraldes
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
TCT-248 Relationship Between Myocardial Revascularization Extent and Left Ventricle Recovery in Impella–Protected Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Enrico Romagnoli, Francesco Burzotta, Cristina Aurigemma, Giulio Russo, Daniela Pedicino, Francesca Graziani, Stefanos Cangemi, Rocco Vergallo, Antonio Maria Leone, Filippo Crea, Carlo Trani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
The protein corona modulates the inflammation inhibition by cationic nanoparticles via cell-free DNA scavenging
Authors: Xingliang Liu, Huiyi Liang, Yanzi Yan, Jingjiao Wu, Massimo Bottini, Lixin Liu, Yongming Chen
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

A central paradigm in nanomedicine is that when synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) enter the body, they are immediately cloaked by a corona of macromolecules (mostly proteins) that mediates the role of the physico-chemical properties in the NP biological functions (the "coronation paradigm"). In this work, we focused on the assessment of the "coronation paradigm" for cationic NPs (cNPs) used as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drugs due to their ability to scavenge cell-free DNA (cfDNA). We fabricated series of cNPs uniformly coated with single or di-hydroxyl groups and different types of amino groups and showed that hydroxylated nanoparticles displayed a prolonged retention in inflamed joints and greater anti-inflammatory effect in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats than the non-hydroxylated analogues. Especially, the cNPs with secondary amines and a di-hydroxyl shell showed the best performance among the tested cNPs. Proteomic analysis showed that the cNPs with a di-hydroxyl shell adsorbed less opsonin proteins than the cNPs carrying mono hydroxyl groups and non-hydroxylated ones, which may provide a mechanistic explanation for the different biodistribution profiles of cNPs. Thus, this study suggests that the protein corona mediates the effects of the surface chemistry on the fate and functions of cNPs as anti-RA drugs.
Circulating miR-181 is a prognostic biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Iddo Magen, Nancy Sarah Yacovzada, Eran Yanowski, Anna Coenen-Stass, Julian Grosskreutz, Ching-Hua Lu, Linda Greensmith, Andrea Malaspina, Pietro Fratta, Eran Hornstein
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2021)
Early childhood undernutrition, preadolescent physical growth, and cognitive achievement in India: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Apurv Soni, Nisha Fahey, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Wenjun Li, Jean A. Frazier, Tiffany Moore Simas, Somashekhar M. Nimbalkar, Jeroan J. Allison
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2021)

There is a lack of nationally representative estimates for the consequences of early childhood undernutrition on preadolescent outcomes in India. Understanding this relationship is helpful to develop interventions that not only prevent child undernutrition but also mitigate its consequences.In this cohort study, we analyzed prospectively gathered data from 2 waves of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) to investigate the association of undernutrition during early childhood (0 to 5 years) in 2004 to 2005 with physical and cognitive outcomes during preadolescent (8 to 11 years) years in 2011 to 2012. These surveys interviewed 41,554 households across all 33 states and union territories in India in 2004 to 2005 and reinterviewed 83% of the households in 2011 to 2012. Primary exposure was assessed using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) based on 2004 to 2005 survey. Primary outcomes were short stature (height-for-age z-score [HAZ] <-2), thinness (body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m2), reading, and arithmetic skills during preadolescence based on the 2011 to 2012 survey. Survey-weighted generalized linear models were used, and effect modification based on child sex and sociodemographic variables were evaluated using 3-way interaction terms. Of the 7,868 children included in this analysis, 4,334 (57.3%) were undernourished. Being undernourished was associated with increased odds of short stature (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45 to 2.06) and thinness (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.73) during the preadolescent period, while it was associated with decreased odds of achieving a higher reading (cumulative odds ratio [cumOR]: 0.76, 0.66 to 0.87) and arithmetic (cumOR: 0.72, 0.63 to 0.82) outcomes. The disparity in outcomes based on CIAF increased with age, especially for female children. Increased level of female education within the household reduced the disadvantages of undernutrition among female children. Study limitations include observational and missing data, which limit our ability to draw strong causal inferences.In this study, we found that early child undernutrition was associated with several adverse preadolescent physical and cognitive outcomes, especially among female children. Improved female education mitigates this association. Female education promotion should assume a central role in Indian public health policy making.
Prevalence of Adolescent Cannabis Vaping
Authors: Carmen C. W. Lim, Tianze Sun, Janni Leung, Jack Y. C. Chung, Coral Gartner, Jason Connor, Wayne Hall, Vivian Chiu, Daniel Stjepanović, Gary C. K. Chan
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2021)

Vaping products were initially designed to deliver nicotine as a tobacco cigarette substitute (eg, electronic cigarettes) but are now frequently used to deliver psychoactive substances, such as cannabis and its derivatives. Large, nationally representative surveys, such as Monitoring the Future, found that approximately 1 in 3 grade-12 students vaped cannabis in 2018 alone.To summarize the findings of epidemiological studies that reported the global prevalence of cannabis vaping in adolescents by survey year and school grades.PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched systematically on August 19, 2020, for studies published globally between January 1, 2003, and August 19, 2020.Publications that reported the prevalence of cannabis vaping in adolescents in the general population were included.Study characteristics and prevalence estimates were extracted from each article. Random-effects meta-analysis based on the DerSimonian and Laird method and meta-regression were performed on lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day prevalence estimates. Meta-regression was also conducted using survey year and school grades as moderators.Prevalence of cannabis vaping.Seventeen studies met the eligibility criteria (n = 198 845 adolescents). Although no restrictions were imposed on study location, all 17 studies were from the US and Canada. Across all school grades, the pooled prevalence increased for lifetime use (6.1% in 2013-2016 to 13.6% in 2019-2020), use in the past 12 months (7.2% in 2017-2018 to 13.2% in 2019-2020), and use in the past 30 days (1.6% in 2013-2016 to 8.4% in 2019-2020). Heterogeneity across studies was large. The limited evidence from studies using similar survey and study designs suggested that adolescents' preference for cannabis products other than dried herbs, which usually contain higher Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol levels, may have shifted over time.The findings of this study suggest that the prevalence of cannabis vaping has increased among adolescents in the US and Canada and that more effective preventive and response measures are required.PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020219644.
Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alexander C. Fanaroff, Santiago Garcia, Jay Giri
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Marwan Saad, MD, PhD; Kevin F. Kennedy, MS; Hafiz Imran, MD; David W. Louis, MD; Ernie Shippey, MS; Athena Poppas, MD; Kenneth E. Wood, DO; J. Dawn Abbott, MD; Herbert D. Aronow, MD, MPH
MEF2 is a key regulator of cognitive potential and confers resilience to neurodegeneration
Authors: Scarlett J. Barker, Ravikiran M. Raju, Noah E.P. Milman, Jun Wang, Jose Davila-Velderrain, Fatima Gunter-Rahman, Cameron C. Parro, P. Lorenzo Bozzelli, Fatema Abdurrob, Karim Abdelaal, David A. Bennett, Manolis Kellis, Li-Huei Tsai
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2021)

Recent increases in human longevity have been accompanied by a rise in the incidence of dementia, highlighting the need to preserve cognitive function in an aging population. A small percentage of individuals with pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease are able to maintain normal cognition. Although the molecular mechanisms that govern this neuroprotection remain unknown, individuals that exhibit cognitive resilience (CgR) represent a unique source of therapeutic insight. For both humans and animal models, living in an enriched, cognitively stimulating environment is the most effective known inducer of CgR. To understand potential drivers of this phenomenon, we began by profiling the molecular changes that arise from environmental enrichment in mice, which led to the identification of MEF2 transcription factors (TFs). We next turned to repositories of human clinical and brain transcriptomic data, where we found that the MEF2 transcriptional network was overrepresented among genes that are most predictive of end-stage cognition. Through single-nucleus RNA sequencing of cortical tissue from resilient and nonresilient individuals, we further confirmed up-regulation of MEF2C in resilient individuals to a subpopulation of excitatory neurons. Last, to determine the causal impact of MEF2 on cognition in the context of neurodegeneration, we overexpressed Mef2a/c in the PS19 mouse model of tauopathy and found that this was sufficient to improve cognitive flexibility and reduce hyperexcitability. Overall, our findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for MEF2 TFs in promoting CgR, highlighting their potential as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration and healthy aging.
In high-risk persons, lung cancer screening with CT vs. no or CXR screening reduces lung cancer mortality
Authors: Michael Tanner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Source Citation Passiglia F, Cinquini M, Bertolaccini L, et al. Benefits and harms of lung cancer screening by chest computed tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:2574-85. 34236916
Sixty seconds on . . .<i>Squid Game</i>
Authors: Pat Lok
Journal: BMJ (2021)

This is no Greek odyssey. We’re talking about Squid Game , the South Korean dystopian drama that has taken the internet by storm, recording 111 million views in less than a month and making it the biggest series launch on Netflix. It chronicles 456 debt ridden contestants participation in a series of children’s games for a cash …
Unusual case of severe diarrhoea
Authors: Genki Inoue, Shuji Yamamoto, Nobuo Koh, Takeshi Kuwada, Yuki Nakanishi, Ken Takahashi, Hiroshi Seno
Journal: Gut (2021)

A 56-year-old man with COVID-19 pneumonia, requiring mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, was transferred to our hospital. He was successfully treated with dexamethasone and remdesivir, followed by favipiravir, and he was extubated on day 30. Eighteen days after admission, he developed severe watery diarrhoea (passing more than 7000 mL/day). Subsequently, he went into shock due to hypovolaemia and hypoalbuminaemia (2.3 g/dL), and norepinephrine and albumin administration were commenced. Contrast-enhanced CT showed thickening of the small and large intestinal walls without findings suggesting intestinal ischaemia, such as decreased bowel wall enhancement and mesenteric thrombosis (figure 1A). Sigmoidoscopy on day 32 (figure 1B) showed prominent detachment of the colonic mucosa, and peroral enteroscopy …
The Role of Citizen Science in Promoting Health Equity
Authors: Lisa G. Rosas, Patricia Rodriguez Espinosa, Felipe Montes Jimenez, Abby C. King
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2021)

While there are many definitions of citizen science, the term usually refers to the participation of the general public in the scientific process in collaboration with professional scientists. Citizen scientists have been engaged to promote health equity, especially in the areas of environmental contaminant exposures, physical activity, and healthy eating. Citizen scientists commonly come from communities experiencing health inequities and have collected data using a range of strategies and technologies, such as air sensors, water quality kits, and mobile applications. On the basis of our review, and to advance the field of citizen science to address health equity, we recommend (a) expanding the focus on topics important for health equity, (b) increasing the diversity of people serving as citizen scientists, (c) increasing the integration of citizen scientists in additional research phases, (d) continuing to leverage emerging technologies that enable citizen scientists to collect data relevant for health equity, and (e) strengthening the rigor of methods to evaluate impacts on health equity.