tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
We were wrong: Rationing health care in America
Journal: BMJ (1990)

equally the estimated £2 million costs of mounting the claims.The costs sharing ruling, first made in the legal action over the anti-arthritic drug Opren, in effect allows the case to be run as a group action, although English law lacks a procedure for such actions.The case was brought by Barbara Chrzanowska, a former seamstress who was partly paralysed and confined to a wheelchair after being injected with Myodil in 1976.Myodil, a contrast medium widely used for patients undergoing myelograms between 1976 and 1983, was finally withdrawn from the market because of lack of demand in 1987.Glaxo says that it warned of the risk and specified that the drug should be used only by specialists.Mrs Chrzanowska's solicitors, Alexander Harris and Company, said that 700 alleged victims were expected to join in the action, which could dwarf the claims over Opren.Individual settlements in the Opren case were small-averaging less than £2000 each -because many claimants were retired and few had suffered substantial loss of earnings.-CLARE DYER Ballots must be held, says shadow health minister * Abolish tax subsidies for private insur- ance *'Reduce pressure on local authorities to privatise old people's homes.
Sequencing of the <scp>16S</scp> ribosomal <scp>DNA</scp> gene and virulence of the oral microbiome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: comment on the article by Kroese et al
Authors: Yu‐Ze Luan, Brian Shiian Chen, Kevin Sheng‐Kai Ma
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2022)

Disclosure Form Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Infective eczema.
Authors: A. B. Shrank
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Infective " eczema may not exist as an entity, but for want of a better term it is a convenient one to describe those types *of eczema which are traditionally ascribed to infection; these include intertrigo, seborrhoeic dermatitis, and infectious eczema- toid dermatitis.This distinction from other types of eczema, in which infection definitely plays no primary role, is further justified because it draws attention to the need for cleansing and antiseptic measures in the treatment of infective eczema.'Though it is suspected that the organisms (Staphylococcus albus and aureus, Streptococcus, Candida albicans, and Pityrosporum orbiculare) which can be cultured from affected areas of skin are primarily responsible for infective eczema, confirmatory evidence is lacking.These diseases have not been reproduced -experimentally in susceptible subjects by inoculation of these organisms, nor has any allergy to them been demonstrated, and, furthermore, the organisms are found on normal healthy skin without any dermatitis.
Evaluation of Systemic Gentamicin as Translational Readthrough Therapy for a Patient With Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex With Muscular Dystrophy Owing to <i>PLEC1</i> Pathogenic Nonsense Variants
Authors: Lucía Martínez-Santamaría, Rocío Maseda, María del Carmen de Arriba, Javier A. Membrilla, Alberto Iglesias Sigüenza, Javier Mascías, Marta García, Lucía Quintana, Isabel Esteban-Rodríguez, Carlos Pelayo Hernández-Fernández, Nuria Illera, Blanca Duarte, Sara Guerrero-Aspizúa, David T. Woodley, Marcela del Río, Raúl de Lucas, Fernando Larcher, María José Escámez
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy (EBS-MD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in PLEC1, which encodes plectin. It is characterized by mild mucocutaneous fragility and blistering and muscle weakness. Translational readthrough-inducing drugs, such as repurposed aminoglycoside antibiotics, may represent a valuable therapeutic alternative for untreatable rare diseases caused by nonsense variants.To evaluate whether systemic gentamicin, at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg/d for 14 consecutive days, is clinically beneficial in a patient with EBS-MD.A single patient in Madrid, Spain, received 2 treatment courses with gentamicin on July 2019 and February 2020 with a follow-up period of 120 and 150 days, respectively.In this case report of a woman in her 30s with EBS-MD, before gentamicin treatment, the patient had mucocutaneous involvement, skeletal and respiratory muscle weakness, and myalgia that negatively affected her quality of life. Outcomes were evaluated with extensive laboratory tests and clinical scales. No nephrotoxic or ototoxic effects were detected after intravenous gentamicin administration. Gentamicin treatment was followed by plectin expression in the skin for at least 5 months. Although minimal changes were noted in skeletal muscle function (as measured by the Hammersmith functional motor scale and its expanded version: 6/40 to 7/40 and from 10/66 to 11/66, respectively) and respiratory musculature (maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures D0 vs D16, MIP: 2.86 vs 3.63 KPa and MEP: 2.93 vs 4.63 KPa), myalgia disappeared (VAS dropped from 6 to 0), and quality of life improved (EuroQoL-5D-3L pain and anxiety dropped from 2 to 1).The findings of this single case report suggest that gentamicin treatment may help suppress PLEC1 premature termination codons and induce plectin expression in EBS-MD primary keratinocytes and skin. Our study suggests that gentamicin may play an important role in treating EBS-MD owing to nonsense variants.
Intestinal Fistulas
Authors: James T. Ettien
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A surgical generation has now passed since the introduction into clinical practice of total parenteral nutrition, with its promise for those patients afflicted with an abnormal communication of the gastrointestinal tract. It is now time to evaluate the impact of modern treatment methods on fistula care. The authors of<i>Intestinal Fistulas</i>have drawn on their extensive referral and consulting experience in the United Kingdom to analyze the progress made in the treatment of fistulas and to organize this information into an effective treatment. Indeed, organization is the keynote of this book, which is wonderfully economical. In 220 pages of straight-forward prose the authors discuss methods of nutritional maintenance, investigations of the fistula patient, nursing care, surgical techniques of fistula closure, and, most important, a method of arriving at the therapeutic decisions that mean the difference between life and death. There are also chapters dealing with esophageal, gastric, biliary, and pancreatic
Renal effects of guideline‐directed medical therapies in heart failure: a consensus document from the Heart Failure <scp>Association of the European Society of Cardiology</scp>
Authors: Wilfried Mullens, Pieter Martens, Jeffrey M. Testani, W.H. Wilson Tang, Hadi Skouri, Frederik H. Verbrugge, Marat Fudim, Massimo Iacoviello, Jennifer Franke, Andreas J. Flammer, Alberto Palazzuoli, Paola Morejon Barragan, Thomas Thum, Marta Cobo Marcos, Òscar Miró, Patrick Rossignol, Marco Metra, Johan Lassus, Francesco Orso, Ewa A. Jankowska, Ovidiu Chioncel, Davor Milicic, Loreena Hill, Petar Seferovic, Giuseppe Rosano, Andrew Coats, Kevin Damman
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2022)
Premenstrual tension syndrome.
Journal: BMJ (1979)

had no hyperacidic peptic ulceration.As regards the second patient, simply oversewing perforations leads to further surgery in 20% of cases in five years.This is extremely rarely required within two months.2The occurrence and timing of recurrence of ulceration in both cases strongly suggests that cimetidine treatment or its withdrawal was implicated.When H2-blockade of acid-secreting cells is withdrawn, it is more likely to lead to excessive sensitivity to normal stimuli than to hyperplasia.
Versatile nanomaterials for Alzheimer's disease: Pathogenesis inspired disease-modifying therapy
Authors: Yilong Xi, Yun Chen, Yi Jin, Guochen Han, Mingjie Song, Tingting Song, Yang Shi, Ling Tao, Zewei Huang, Jianping Zhou, Yang Ding, Huaqing Zhang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2022)
STUDIES ON STREPTOCOCCAL FIBRINOLYSIS
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

A method for the measurement of fibrinolysin production by beta hemolytic streptococci is described. The test was shown to be highly accurate in that repeated determinations showed only small variations. A study of 766 strains of beta hemolytic streptococci isolated from normal soldiers and patients with respiratory disease showed that fibrinolysin was produced by Lancefield groups A, C, and G, and, in addition, by a few strains of groups B and F. Group A streptococci produced more fibrinolysin on the average than the other groups. The median titers were 117 for group A, 61 for group C, and 20 for group G streptococci. In a study of 388 typed group A streptococci from different subjects the fibrinolytic capacity of an organism was shown to be related to the serological type. The importance of this observation in relation to the role of streptococcal fibrinolysis in infections is discussed. Finally, it was demonstrated that strains of streptococci which produced large amounts of fibrinolysin were capable of stimulating antifibrinolysin formation in patients whereas strains that produced small amounts only occasionally caused antibody formation.
System analysis based on the cancer–immunity cycle identifies ZNF207 as a novel immunotherapy target for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xu Wang, Tao Zhou, Xingyi Chen, Yu Wang, Yushi Ding, Haoyang Tu, Shengyang Gao, Haoyu Wang, Xinying Tang, Yong Yang
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) fail to achieve satisfying results, while combination therapies show greater efficacy. Therefore, identifying new combined targets for immune checkpoint inhibitors could be promising. Methods We combined the cancer–immunity cycle score with weighted gene coexpression network and system analyses to screen immunosuppressive targets in HCC. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to assess the effect of zinc finger protein 207 (ZNF207) on HCC immunity. RNA sequencing, metabolomic, cytokine array analysis, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and ChIP quantitative PCR assay were used to investigate the role of ZNF207 in tumor immunity regulation. Results The system analysis and experimental verification revealed ZNF207 as an immunosuppressive target in HCC. Hypoxia-induced upregulation of ZNF207 promoted HCC progression in immunocompetent mice while being associated with decreased CD8 + T-cell infiltration and increased exhaustion. Mechanistically, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)–chemokine C-X3-C-motif ligand axis was involved in ZNF207-mediated CD8 + T-cell chemotaxis. Furthermore, ZNF207 transcriptionally regulated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and elevated kynurenine levels, leading to the exhaustion of CD8 + T cells. Patients with lower ZNF207 expression were more sensitive to antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (PD1) therapy, and silencing ZNF207 could be beneficial to anti-PD1 combination therapy. Conclusion Our study implicates ZNF207 in suppressing the HCC microenvironment and showed the feasibility of targeting ZNF207 during anti-PD1 therapy in HCC.
Comment on Gange et al. Incidence of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Other Neovascular Sequelae at 5 Years Following Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021;44:2518–2526
Authors: Vincent Rigalleau, Alice Larroumet, Kamel Mohammedi, Laurence Baillet-Blanco, Marie Monlun, Marie-Noelle Delyfer, Jean-François Korobelnik, Ninon Foussard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)
Computerized tomography of the head
Authors: H. L. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1975)

COMPUTERIZED tomography is a recent exciting radiologic innovation for diagnosing intracranial lesions. It was developed by Godfrey N. Hounsfield, a senior research scientist at Central Research Laboratories, EMI, Hayes, Middlesex, England.<sup>1-6</sup>A narrow moving beam of x-rays is passed through the head and attenuation coefficients of small units of brain are plotted by computer as the beam traverses the cross section of the tissue that is scanned. The system, in essence, produces a series of displays of axial tomograms or slices. It is capable of detecting minute alterations in absorption values of the intracranial contents. The clinical usefulness of the instrument has been reported recently by several authors.<sup>7-16</sup> <h3>The Scanner</h3> The basic EMI scanner system includes a scanning unit (containing the x-ray tube and accurately aligned radiation detectors), an x-ray generator and controls, a computer with magnetic disk unit and printer, and cathode-ray tube viewing unit. The
Intravenous naloxone in acute respiratory failure.
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A 58-year-old man presented with acute on chronic respiratory failure.In the acute stage of his illness an infusion of the opiate antagonist naloxone caused an improvement in oxygen saturation as measured by ear oximetry from 74% to 85%, while a saline infusion resulted in a return of oxygen saturation to the original value.When he had recovered from the acute episode the same dose of naloxone had no effect on oxygen saturation.These findings suggest that in acute respiratory failure there may be overproduction of, or increased sensitivity to, endorphins.
Error in Table and Figure
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Error in Table and Figure:The Original Investigation titled "Association of Comorbid Behavioral and Medical Conditions With Cannabis Use Disorder in Pregnancy," 1 published on November 3, 2021, was corrected to fix an error in the number of patients with multiple sclerosis and substance use disorder reported in Table 1; the correct number is 69 patients.In addition, there were errors in the quintiles presented in the legend to Figure 2; the correct quintile values are 0 to <0.011, 0.011 to <0.015, 0.015 to <0.019, 0.019 to <0.028, and 0.028 to <0.047.This article was corrected online.
The emerging roles of extracellular vesicles as intercellular messengers in liver physiology and pathology
Authors: Youngseok Lee, Jong-Hoon Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2022)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles released from almost all cell types. EVs mediate intercellular communication by delivering their surface and luminal cargoes, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which reflect the pathophysiological conditions of their cellular origins. Hepatocytes and hepatic non-parenchymal cells utilize EVs to regulate a wide spectrum of biological events inside the liver and transfer them to distant organs through systemic circulation. The liver also receives EVs from multiple organs and integrates these extrahepatic signals that participate in pathophysiological processes. EVs have recently attracted growing attention for their crucial roles in maintaining and regulating hepatic homeostasis. This review summarizes the roles of EVs in intrahepatic and interorgan communications under different pathophysiological conditions of the liver, with a focus on chronic liver diseases including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review also discusses recent progress for potential therapeutic applications of EVs by targeting or enhancing EV-mediated cellular communication for the treatment of liver diseases.
SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immunity in nursing home residents up to eight months after two doses of the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Estela Giménez, Eliseo Albert, Javier S. Burgos, Salvador Peiró, Dolores Salas, Hermelinda Vanaclocha, Ramón Limón, María Jesús Alcaraz, José Sánchez-Payá, Javier Díez-Domingo, Iñaki Comas, Fernando Gonzáles-Candelas
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Pathogenic variants in <i>MDFIC</i> cause recessive central conducting lymphatic anomaly with lymphedema
Authors: Alicia B. Byrne, Pascal Brouillard, Drew L. Sutton, Jan Kazenwadel, Saba Montazaribarforoushi, Genevieve A. Secker, Anna Oszmiana, Milena Babic, Kelly L. Betterman, Peter J. Brautigan, Melissa White, Sandra G. Piltz, Paul Q. Thomas, Christopher N. Hahn, Matthias Rath, Ute Felbor, G. Christoph Korenke, Christopher L. Smith, Kathleen H. Wood, Sarah E. Sheppard, Denise M. Adams, Ariana Kariminejad, Raphael Helaers, Laurence M. Boon, Nicole Revencu, Lynette Moore, Christopher Barnett, Eric Haan, Peer Arts, Miikka Vikkula, Hamish S. Scott, Natasha L. Harvey
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Central conducting lymphatic anomaly (CCLA), characterized by the dysfunction of core collecting lymphatic vessels including the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli, and presenting as chylothorax, pleural effusions, chylous ascites, and lymphedema, is a severe disorder often resulting in fetal or perinatal demise. Although pathogenic variants in RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway components have been documented in some patients with CCLA, the genetic etiology of the disorder remains uncharacterized in most cases. Here, we identified biallelic pathogenic variants in MDFIC, encoding the MyoD family inhibitor domain containing protein, in seven individuals with CCLA from six independent families. Clinical manifestations of affected fetuses and children included nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), pleural and pericardial effusions, and lymphedema. Generation of a mouse model of human MDFIC truncation variants revealed that homozygous mutant mice died perinatally exhibiting chylothorax. The lymphatic vasculature of homozygous Mdfic mutant mice was profoundly mispatterned and exhibited major defects in lymphatic vessel valve development. Mechanistically, we determined that MDFIC controls collective cell migration, an important early event during the formation of lymphatic vessel valves, by regulating integrin β1 activation and the interaction between lymphatic endothelial cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix. Our work identifies MDFIC variants underlying human lymphatic disease and reveals a crucial, previously unrecognized role for MDFIC in the lymphatic vasculature. Ultimately, understanding the genetic and mechanistic basis of CCLA will facilitate the development and implementation of new therapeutic approaches to effectively treat this complex disease.
Complicated polymyalgia.
Authors: E C Huskisson, P A Dieppe, H W Balme
Journal: BMJ (1977)

ani related to prolapsed rectal haemorrhoids, and atrophic vaginitis in August 1975, trcated with dicnoestrol cream and zinc sulphate tablets.For 29 years she had been receiving monthly injections of vitamin B for a "macrocytic anaemia."She was obese and pale and had massive tense blisters on the right upper arm, left breast, trunk, and both legs, wvhere thcre were some urticarial plaques as well.'rhere were no mouth lesions and the rest of the physical examination showed normal findings.Skin biopsy of an early lesion showed on histology a subepidermal blister consistent with the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid.The result of the indirect immunofluorescent test was negative at that stage, but circulating IgG antibody against basement membrane wvas later detected.Haemoglobin concentration was 13 1 g dl; mean corpuscular volume 87 fl; WBC 10
Elaborately engineering of a dual-drug co-assembled nanomedicine for boosting immunogenic cell death and enhancing triple negative breast cancer treatment
Authors: Chen Wang, Han Yu, Xiaohong Yang, Xuanbo Zhang, Yuequan Wang, Tianrui Gu, Shenwu Zhang, Cong Luo
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2022)

Pure drug-assembled nanosystem provides a facile and promising solution for simple manufacturing of nanodrugs, whereas a lack of understanding of the underlying assembly mechanism and the inefficient and uncontrollable drug release still limits the development and application of this technology. Here, a simple and practical nanoassembly of DOX and DiR is constructed on basis of their co-assembly characteristics. Multiple interaction forces are found to drive the co-assembly process. Moreover, DOX release from the nanoassembly can be well controlled by the acidic tumor microenvironment and laser irradiation, resulting in favorable delivery efficiency of DiR and DOX in vitro and in vivo. As expected, the nanoassembly with high therapeutic safety completely eradicated the mice triple negative breast cancer cells (4T1) on BALB/c mice, owing to synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy. More interestingly, DiR and DOX synergistically induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells after treatment, enabling the mice to acquire immune memory against tumor growth and recurrence. Such a facile nanoassembly technique provides a novel multimodal cancer treatment platform of chemotherapy/phototherapy/immunotherapy.
Rapid synchronous type 1 IFN and virus-specific T cell responses characterize first wave non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Aneesh Chandran, Joshua Rosenheim, Gayathri Nageswaran, Leo Swadling, Gabriele Pollara, Rishi K. Gupta, Alice R. Burton, José Afonso Guerra-Assunção, Annemarie Woolston, Tahel Ronel, Corinna Pade, Joseph M. Gibbons, Blanca Sanz-Magallon Duque De Estrada, Marc Robert de Massy, Matthew Whelan, Amanda Semper, Tim Brooks, Daniel M. Altmann, Rosemary J. Boyton, Áine McKnight, Gabriella Captur, Charlotte Manisty, Thomas Alexander Treibel, James C. Moon, Gillian S. Tomlinson, Mala K. Maini, Benjamin M. Chain, Mahdad Noursadeghi
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

Effective control of SARS-CoV-2 infection on primary exposure may reveal correlates of protective immunity to future variants, but we lack insights into immune responses before or at the time virus is first detected. We use blood transcriptomics, multiparameter flow cytometry, and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing spanning the time of incident non-severe infection in unvaccinated virus-naive individuals to identify rapid type 1 interferon (IFN) responses common to other acute respiratory viruses and cell proliferation responses that discriminate SARS-CoV-2 from other viruses. These peak by the time the virus is first detected and sometimes precede virus detection. Cell proliferation is most evident in CD8 T cells and associated with specific expansion of SARS-CoV-2-reactive TCRs, in contrast to virus-specific antibodies, which lag by 1-2 weeks. Our data support a protective role for early type 1 IFN and CD8 T cell responses, with implications for development of universal T cell vaccines.
Localization of intracranial tumours.
Journal: BMJ (1967)

PointersCarcinoma of Lung: Low incidence of tumour produced in mice exposed to cigarette smoke and air mixture (p. 637).Spread of Staphylococci: General-practice sur- vey in Edinburgh and North-east England showed that newborn babies acquired Staph.aureus more frequently in hospital than at home, but hospital strains were no more likely to spread within the family or to cause septic lesions than "domestic" strains (p.642).
Cytotoxicity of Heated Chrysotile
Authors: Hisato Hayashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Cytotoxicity and hemolysis were studied in chrysotile and quartz. The biological activity of the surface seemed to be different between chrysotile and quartz. Quartz lost its cytotoxicity on heating over about 500°C. However chrysotile showed remarkable toxicity and induced hemolysis on heating between 650 and 800°C, compared with the original unheated specimens. The mice injected intraperitoneally with minerals heated in this temperature range generally died within 48 hr after injection, while those injected with untreated chrysotile or chrysotile heated in the other heat ranges did not. The products in this range were highly disorded materials. It was assumed that the change of biological effects resulting from heat treatment may be related to the disordered state of chrysotile in the process of transformation into forsterite. The relationship between chemical character and cytotoxicity of the heated chrysotile specimens was also studied.