tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 283: Estimating the Impact of Bystander Interventions on Disability-Adjusted Life Years Following Adult Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States
Authors: Ryan A Coute, Brian Nathanson, Ashish Panchal, Michael Kurz, Nathan Haas, Bryan McNally, Robert Neumar, Timothy Mader
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) are a common public health metric used to consistently estimate and compare disease burden. The impact of bystander interventions on DALY following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is unknown. Our objective was to estimate the effect of bystander CPR (B-CPR) and bystander AED (B-AED) application on DALY following OHCA in the United States (U.S.). Methods: DALY were calculated as the sum of years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) using all adult non-traumatic EMS-treated OHCA from the national CARES database for 2016. A multivariable linear regression model was constructed for effect estimation with DALY values as the outcome and standard Utstein variables as independent variables. Marginal effect estimates for B-CPR and B-AED were derived in models that used all independent variables as main effects. A sensitivity analysis included interaction terms. The analysis for B-CPR was limited to bystander witnessed events. The B-AED analysis was limited to public OHCA events. The marginal effects on DALY were used to derive national estimates of life years saved. Results: A total of 19,324 OHCA cases met study inclusion criteria. The provision of B-CPR was associated with an absolute mean decrease of -0.36 DALY; 95% CI (-0.44, -0.27) per OHCA, when compared to cases without B-CPR (p&lt;0.001). When extrapolated to a national level, the cumulative effect of B-CPR resulted in an estimated 25,317 healthy life years saved; 95% CI (19,342, 31,292). Bystander AED application was associated with a mean reduction of -0.32 DALY; 95% CI (-0.41, -0.23) per OHCA (p&lt;0.001). The cumulative effect of B-AED application was an estimated 22,755 healthy life years saved 95% CI (16292, 29218). From a regression model that incorporated interaction effects, B-CPR with defibrillation was associated with an estimated 74,758; 95% CI (58511, 91004) healthy life years saved. Conclusion: Bystander interventions are associated with a decrease in DALY following adult OHCA. These results highlight the importance of national bystander CPR and AED education and surveillance.
MOTOR NOTES FOR MEDICAL MEN
Authors: H. M. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1921)

THE seventht international shlow organized by the Cycle and Motor Cycle Manufacturers' and Traders' Union closes at Olymnpia, Kensing,ton, on Saturday night.At the one extreme the exhibits embrace pedal bicycles and a few examples of miotor scooters, and at the othler, eight makes of cycle cars of the three-wheel type.What is, mechanically, the most important developmnent underthis head is, nevertheless, one that is not directly of interest to inedical men-namely, thle introduction by Morgan, the pioneer and the only firm of world-wide repute in connexion -with the marketing of this class of machinery, of an 8-h.p.J.A.P. engined sports model, with somewhatslhorter wlheelbase than the standard typke.The water-cooled T.B. tricar, with full cantilever rear springs, is the only other type of three-wheeler that hias succeeded in climbing the Nails-worthLadder.The 10-li.p.New Hudsonlhas a watercooled engine and istlle type of machine that did notably well in thie London-Edinburglh run, being well designed and finislhed.The CastleT1'hree is also fitted witlh a water-cooled engine of the four-cylinder type, the body.work being on the car principle witlh dickey seat.The
The Unfolding of Therapeutic Radiology
Authors: Juan A. del Regato
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In September 1926, I registered for basic medical studies at the University of Havana (Cuba). In exchange for serving as a scribe in the admission office, I was given room and board in the interns' quarters of the 2000-bed university hospital. Within 3 weeks, a hurricane hit Havana dead center; thousands were killed and many more injured. The flow of casualties was overwhelming and all hands were needed. I learned to place tourniquets and to give ether anesthesia. Blood transfusions required the presence of a qualified donor and were done arm to arm with large syringes. In the aftermath of the hurricane, I was assigned as a male nurse's aide to apply dressings and give injections in the dermatology pavilion. Professor Pardo-Castelló came early to do his rounds and, in the absence of his interns, I followed him with the order book. In the process, he taught me a lot.
Active Management of Labour
Authors: K. O'Driscoll, J. M. Stronge, M. Minogue
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Active management of labour has been developed to the extent that an assurance is given to every woman who attends this hospital that her first baby will be born within 12 hours. This assurance could lead to a welcome change in present attitudes because the mere prospect of prolonged labour is often a cause of serious concern during a first pregnancy. Labour of strictly limited duration makes it possible to provide every woman with a personal nurse, and it places the problem of pain in a new setting. The results of a prospective study of 1,000 consecutive primigravidae are presented, and the guidelines to a standard policy of management are defined. Difficulty in meeting the commitment to early delivery arose almost exclusively in cases in which the diagnosis of labour was in doubt; only seven women were retained in the delivery unit for 12 hours.
International Abstracts
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
COVID‐19: A systematic review and update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Hooman Aghamirza Moghim Aliabadi, Reza Eivazzadeh‐Keihan, Arezoo Beig Parikhani, Sara Fattahi Mehraban, Ali Maleki, Sepideh Fereshteh, Masoume Bazaz, Ashkan Zolriasatein, Bahareh Bozorgnia, Saman Rahmati, Fatemeh Saberi, Zeinab Yousefi Najafabadi, Shadi Damough, Sara Mohseni, Hamid Salehzadeh, Vahid Khakyzadeh, Hamid Madanchi, Gholam Ali Kardar, Payam Zarrintaj, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Masoud Mozafari
Journal: MedComm (2022)

Abstract Since the rapid onset of the COVID‐19 or SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic in the world in 2019, extensive studies have been conducted to unveil the behavior and emission pattern of the virus in order to determine the best ways to diagnosis of virus and thereof formulate effective drugs or vaccines to combat the disease. The emergence of novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques considering the multiplicity of reports from one side and contradictions in assessments from the other side necessitates instantaneous updates on the progress of clinical investigations. There is also growing public anxiety from time to time mutation of COVID‐19, as reflected in considerable mortality and transmission, respectively, from delta and Omicron variants. We comprehensively review and summarize different aspects of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID‐19. First, biological characteristics of COVID‐19 were explained from diagnosis standpoint. Thereafter, the preclinical animal models of COVID‐19 were discussed to frame the symptoms and clinical effects of COVID‐19 from patient to patient with treatment strategies and in‐silico/computational biology. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of nanoscience/nanotechnology in identification, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID‐19 were discussed. This review covers almost all SARS‐CoV‐2‐related topics extensively to deepen the understanding of the latest achievements (last updated on January 11, 2022).
New Jersey State Medical Society.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Authors: S. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Rheumatic fever belongs to the group of disorders now classed as collagen diseases in which there is damage to collagen fibres and connective-tissue structures.In the last few decades there have been several slow and subtle changes in the manifestations and incidence of this disease.Although it may present the familiar picture of high fever, flitting joint pains, and prostration, it is now more often a condition with an insidious onset, un- associated with fever, and in at least 10% of cases with no history of joint involvement.Because of this vari- ability and because most cases have their onset in childhood, the use of Miller's term "juvenile rheumatism" in preference to acute rheumatic fever has much to commend it.
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by a plasmablast-skewed humoral response associated with disease activity
Authors: Mathieu Uzzan, Jerome C. Martin, Luka Mesin, Alexandra E. Livanos, Tomas Castro-Dopico, Ruiqi Huang, Francesca Petralia, Giuliana Magri, Shashi Kumar, Qing Zhao, Adam K. Rosenstein, Minami Tokuyama, Keshav Sharma, Ryan Ungaro, Roman Kosoy, Divya Jha, Jeremy Fischer, Harpriya Singh, Mary E. Keir, Nandhini Ramamoorthi, William E. O’Gorman, Benjamin L. Cohen, Adeeb Rahman, Francesca Cossarini, Akihiro Seki, Louise Leyre, Sonia Tejedor Vaquero, Sakteesh Gurunathan, Emilie K. Grasset, Bojan Losic, Marla Dubinsky, Alexander J. Greenstein, Zoe Gottlieb, Peter Legnani, James George, Haritz Irizar, Aleksandar Stojmirovic, Carrie Brodmerkel, Andrew Kasarkis, Bruce E. Sands, Glaucia Furtado, Sergio A. Lira, Zewen K. Tuong, Huaibin M. Ko, Andrea Cerutti, Charles O. Elson, Menna R. Clatworthy, Miriam Merad, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, Carmen Argmann, Jason A. Hackney, Gabriel D. Victora, Gwendalyn J. Randolph, Ephraim Kenigsberg, Jean Frederic Colombel, Saurabh Mehandru
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Bronchial Adenoma
Authors: S. Zellos
Journal: Thorax (1962)

During the past 12 years, 40 patients investigated in the Regional Thoracic Unit in Edinburgh because of respiratory symptoms have been shown to have as the cause of these symptoms a tumour known as " bronchial adenoma."During the same period 3,000 patients with bronchial carcinoma have been investigated in the same unit.The 40 cases of bronchial adenoma are presented with the object of demonstrating that this tumour is malignant and differs in only three significant ways from bronchial carcinoma: adenomas grow slowly, they occur more frequently in women, and when they metastacize long survival in thepresence of metastases is common.
Biological effects of proteolytic enzyme detergents.
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Biological effects of proteolytic enzyme detergents1A potentially serious respiratory hazard during the manufacture of enzyme detergents was first reported by Flindt (1969) and Pepys et al. (1969).In the eight years since the hazard was identified much effort has been put into investigating the 'Report of a symposium held on 4-5 May 1976 at the MRC Pneumoconiosis Unnit, Cardiff, sponsored by the Medical Research Council, UK, and the Soap and Detergent Industries Association (SDIA), UK.For the list of participants with their affiliations and the titles of papers presented, see p. 630.The report was prepared by J. C.
Abstract 17226: Increased Risk of Heart Failure Associated With Left Atrial Remodeling Without Known Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jodi Edwards, Jiming Fang, Jeff S Healey, Kathy Yip, Lisa Mielniczuk, David J Gladstone
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) significantly increases risk for heart failure (HF) and independently increases mortality and adverse in-hospital outcomes in HF patients. Validated clinical risk scores (ARC2H) can predict HF in patients with AF, but are limited in application as AF is frequently clinically silent or undetected. However, AF may be preceded by significant preclinical remodeling (left atrial enlargement (LAE) or excessive atrial ectopy (EAE)). Whether LAE and EAE are associated with HF prior to AF is unclear. Method(s): We analyzed consecutive adults &gt;65 years with outpatient echocardiography or Holter at 11 Ontario community cardiology clinics (2010-2017). Exclusions were history of AF, anticoagulation, pacemaker/ICD/ILR, and prosthetic valve. Using linked administrative databases, we assessed 5-year rates of HF (primary) and incident AF and death (secondary) associated with LAE and EAE and among subgroups (M vs. F; &lt;75 vs. &gt;75; CHADS-VASC 0-2 vs. 3-6). Competing risks cox proportional hazards estimated adjusted hazard of HF for severe LAE: &gt;47mm (M);&gt;52mm (F)) or increased APBs/hour (EAE: &gt;30) or both LAE and EAE, adjusting for age, vascular comorbidities and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Results: In 28,261 adults (mean 73+/-6 years), direct age-adjusted survival was reduced for those with severe LAE and EAE. 5-year rates of HF were increased for severe (8.8%) vs. moderate (3.5%) and mild (1.4%) LAE and for those with excessive (3.8%) vs. normal (2.5%) ectopy. For both LAE and EAE, those &gt;75 and with a CHADS score 3-6 showed marked increases in HF at 5 years compared to &lt;75 (LAE: 10.6% vs. 7.9%; EAE: 4.3% vs. 1.9%) and CHADS score 0-2 (LAE:21.4% vs. 6.6%; EAE: 8.9% vs. 2.4%). Severe LAE increased hazard of HF 2-fold (HR=2.07; p&lt;.0001), and incident AF over 3-fold (HR= 3.43; p&lt;.0001) and EAE increased hazard of HF (HR=1.31; p&lt;.0001) and incident AF (HR=1.13; p&lt;.0001). Those with both LAE and EAE showed an over 3-fold increased hazard of HF (HR=3.28; p&lt;.0014). Conclusions: Severe LAE and EAE without known AF are associated with increased risk of HF and AF after adjusting for LV dysfunction, particularly for those &gt;75 and with high vascular burden. These data have implications for risk stratification, AF screening, and trials for HF prevention in individuals with left atrial remodeling.
Ferroptotic stress promotes macrophages against intracellular bacteria
Authors: Ruonan Ma, Ling Fang, Lei Chen, Xiaonan Wang, Jing Jiang, Lizeng Gao
Journal: Theranostics (2022)

: Intracellular bacterial survival is a major factor causing chronic or recurrent infection, leading to the failure of both host defense and/or antibiotic treatment. However, the elimination of intracellular bacteria is challenging as they are protected from antibiotics and host immune attack. Recent studies have indicated that iron helps macrophages against intracellular bacteria, contradictory to traditional "nutritional immunity", in which iron is considered a key nutrient for bacterial survival in host cells. However, how iron facilitates intracellular bacterial death has not been fully clarified. In this study, we found that ferroptotic stress can help macrophages suppress intracellular bacteria by reversing the importation of ferrous iron into bacterial vacuoles via ferroportin and thereby inducing
Preliminary results of the "DUO" observational study: Quality of life assessment and cross-sectional follow-up of prostate cancer patients treated with degarelix.
Authors: Morgan Roupret, Francois Rozet, Diane Dalila Delattre, Hugo Lacour, Fallouh Ghassan, Matthieu Durand, Pierre Mongiat Artus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

62 Background: The use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), has increased over time in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). ATD is accompanied by side effects, some of which may increase the cardiovascular (CV) risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risks and quality of life at the initiation of degarelix, a GnRH antagonist, and 6 months later, in patients with advanced hormone-sensitive PCa. Methods: The DUO study is a PASS, pharmaco-epidemiologic, longitudinal, multicenter observational study. It prospectively enrolled PCa patients during the first 6 months of treatment with degarelix. cohort to describe the prevalence of real-life cardiovascular co-morbidities in. The study was carried out in 46 French urology centers. At D0 and M6, the prevalence of CV, osteoporotic, metabolic, mood disorder, geriatric and sexual morbidity and risk factors were recorded using validated tools and questionnaires. EQ-5D questionnaire measured quality of life. The evolution of the disease (PSA levels) and the tolerance of the treatments were also reported. Results: A total of 124 patients with advanced hormone-dependent PCa (of whom 26.6% were metastatic) were included. At D0 57.7% of patients had a CV morbidity and CV risk factors. Metabolic co-morbidities were also present in 60.6% of patients, osteoporotic risk factors in 34%, sexual disorders in 58%, and mood disorders in 36%. ONCO-G8 score ≤ 14 was observed in 45.6% of patients aged ≥ 70 years. The percentage of patients with CV co-morbidities remained stable (56.7%). The rates of osteoporotic, metabolic, sexual, and mood-related morbidity and risk factors also remained unaltered. Likewise, quality of life remained stable between D0 and M6 (Scores: 0.765 and 0.813 respectively). At the same time, the median PSA rate decreased by -98.4% from D0 (p &lt; 0.001). 42 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 22 patients: degarelix-related AEs were reported in 4.4% of patients. Conclusions: The results of the DUO study showed high prevalence of CV co-morbidity and risk factors in patients with advanced PCa. It also showed no significant increase in CV co-morbidities and risk-factors during the first 6 months of treatment with degarelix as it was observed for osteoporotic, metabolic, sexual, and mood-related disorders. The GnRH antagonist was well tolerated without major impact on quality of life. Assessment of multiple co-morbidities at the initiation and during ADT is mandatory for the optimal management of patients.
Tetanus Prophylaxis
Authors: C. A. Cox, J. Knowelden, W. J. W. Sharrard
Journal: BMJ (1963)

WAORA trivial, two-thirds of the patients did not seek medical advice at the time of injury (Table III).In five of these the wound was not noticed until after the onset of tetanus, and in six no injury was found at all.TABLE II.-Type of Injury Causing Tetanus Type No. of Type No. of of Injury Cases of Injury Cases Abrasions .. .10 Penetrating wound offoot 2 Lacerations .. .7 Thorn in finger I Trapped finger 2 Cracks on hands .. Compound fracture of finger 2 No injury .6Varicose ulcer of leg 2 33TABLE III.-Use of Prophylactic Teta Wound not seen at time of injury Patient thought wound too trivial Wound not found until onset of tetanus No wound found Wound seen at time of injury Wound too small to give A.T.S. A.T.S. given
Abstract 132: Neurological Favorable Outcome Associated With Number of Prehospital Defibrillation Attempts in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Without Return of Spontaneous Circulation on Scene
Authors: Seulki Choi, Tae Han Kim, Ki Jeong Hong, Sung Wook Song, Joo Jeong, Eui Jung Lee, Kyoung-Jun Song, Sang Do Shin
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: The early and timely defibrillation in shockable rhythm of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by prehospital EMS providers is crucial for successful resuscitation. In emergency medical service (EMS) system, where advanced cardiac life support could not be fully provided before hospital transport, optimal range of prehospital defibrillation attempts is debatable. We evaluated association between number of prehospital defibrillation attempts and survival outcomes in OHCA patients who were unresponsive to field resuscitation and defibrillations. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study using nationwide OHCA registry of Korea from 2013 to 2016. Adult EMS treated OHCA with presumed cardiac origin with shockable initial ECG rhythm were enrolled. Final analysis was performed in patients who did not achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) on scene before hospital transport. We categorized number of prehospital defibrillation attempt into 3 groups: ≤3 attempts, 4-5 attempts and ≥6 attempts. Primary outcome was favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate association between neurological outcome and defibrillation attempts. Result: Total 6,679 patients were enrolled for final analyzed. Among total ≤3 defibrillations were attempted in 5015 patients (75.1%), 1050 patients (15.7%) for 4-5 attempts, 614 patient. (9.2%) for ≥6 attempts. Although survival to discharge rate was highest in group with ≤3 defibrillation attempts (8.1% vs. 7.0% vs. 2.9%, p&lt;0.01), survival rate with favorable neurological outcome was highest in group with 4-5 defibrillation attempts (3.0% vs. 4.5% vs. 2.1%, p=0.02). As 4-5 attempts group reference, adjusted odds ratio for favorable neurological outcome of ≤3 attempts was 0.66 (95% CI 0.46 - 0.94) and of ≥6 attempts was 0.47 (95% CI 0.25 - 0.89). Conclusion: For patients with shockable initial cardiac rhythm who were unresponsive to filed defibrillation and resuscitation, moderate amount of defibrillation attempt was associated with favorable neurological outcome compared to fewer defibrillation attempts and prolonged number of defibrillation attempts on scene.