tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nicotine addiction
Authors: G. B. Friden
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recent letters inThe Journalstemming from the article by Gori and Lynch (240:1255, 1978) address not only issues related to assessing quantitatively the relative carcinogenic and other toxic risks of cigarette brands at various levels of use, but also the public health consequences of the lay media's misinterpreting research and medical opinion. I would like to provide an example of such misunderstanding in the public sector and offer an additional point of view regarding the search for safer alternatives. Nicotine has been shown responsible for the strong addictiveness of cigarette smoking. Chronic users experience physical withdrawal syndromes of relatively short duration (three to four days), generally followed by prolonged periods of recurrent craving that may last for years.<sup>1</sup>The profound health consequences entailed by prolonged smoking are also well established. Cigarettes have been described as being the major cause of the largest number of preventable
Engineering prodrug nanomicelles as pyroptosis inducer for codelivery of PI3K/mTOR and CDK inhibitors to enhance antitumor immunity
Authors: Qichao Yang, Xianbin Ma, Yao Xiao, Tian Zhang, Leilei Yang, Shaochen Yang, Mengyun Liang, Shuo Wang, Zhizhong Wu, Zhigang Xu, Zhijun Sun
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

Aberrant activation of oncogenic signaling pathways in tumors can promote resistance to the antitumor immune response. However, single blockade of these pathways is usually ineffective because of the complex crosstalk and feedback among oncogenic signaling pathways. The enhanced toxicity of free small molecule inhibitor combinations is considered an insurmountable barrier to their clinical applications. To circumvent this issue, we rationally designed an effective tumor microenvironment-activatable prodrug nanomicelle (PNM) for cancer therapy. PNM was engineered by integrating the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-04691502 (PF) and the broad spectrum CDK inhibitor flavopiridol (Flav) into a single nanoplatform, which showed tumor-specific accumulation, activation and deep penetration in response to the high glutathione (GSH) tumoral microenvironment. The codelivery of PF and Flav could trigger gasdermin E (GSDME)-based immunogenic pyroptosis of tumor cells to elicit a robust antitumor immune response. Furthermore, the combination of PNM-induced immunogenic pyroptosis with anti-programmed cell death-1 (
How covid-19 has exposed the weaknesses in rural healthcare: Video 1
Authors: Michael Forster Rothbart, Kata Karáth, Lungelo Ndhlovu
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Rural regions made vulnerable by limited healthcare infrastructure, lower rates of vaccination, and opposition to government policies are the new frontlines in the pandemic. Yet support systems have not adjusted to the growing rural needs for health education, testing, vaccination, and treatment. <b>Michael Forster Rothbart</b>, <b>Kata Karáth</b>, and <b>Lungelo Ndhlovu</b> report from the US, Ecuador, and Zimbabwe
Association between Availability of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 Eligible for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Natural Experiment
Authors: Whitney D. Gannon, John W. Stokes, Sean A. Francois, Yatrik J. Patel, Meredith E. Pugh, Clayne Benson, Todd W. Rice, Matthew Bacchetta, Matthew W. Semler, Jonathan D. Casey
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)
The Dissector's Manual.
Authors: None J. C. H.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

This is one of those invaluable aids to the student in his study of practical anatomy. It commends itself alike in regard to quality and quantity. While it is small enough to readily slip in the pocket, it is unusually complete in describing the steps in the process of exposing to view each successive structure to be dissected. It contains 49 excellent cuts, which are nearly all new, and which were drawn from preparations specially prepared under the direction of the authors. Theestimate now before the Municipal Council for the expenses of the Paris hospitals and hospices for 1884, sets them down at $4,046,600—being $123,300 higher than 1883, on account of the rise in the amounts and prices of the various articles of diet, and of some medicinal substances. From a comparison of the years from 1865 to 1882, the population of these establishments has increased by 21 per
Extensive Use, No Mortality
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Characteristics and Clinical Course of Diabetes of the Exocrine Pancreas: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Nami Lee, So Jeong Park, Dongwoo Kang, Ja Young Jeon, Hae Jin Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Kwan-Woo Lee, Edward J. Boyko, Seung Jin Han
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

OBJECTIVE The natural course of diabetes of the exocrine pancreas (DEP) is not well established. We aimed to compare the risk of insulin initiation, diabetic complications, and mortality between DEP and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service–Health Screening Cohort between 2012 and 2017, we divided patients with diabetes into those with diabetes without prior pancreatic disease (indicated type 2 diabetes, n = 153,894) and diabetes with a prior diagnosis of pancreatic disease (indicated DEP, n = 3,629). ICD-10 codes and pharmacy prescription information were used to define type 2 diabetes, DEP, and acute and chronic diabetes complications. Kaplan-Meier curves were produced to compare insulin use over time between groups. We created logistic regression models for odds of progression to diabetic complications and mortality. RESULTS DEP was associated with a higher risk of insulin use than type 2 diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio 1.38 at 5 years [95% CI 1.30–1.47], P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Individuals with DEP showed higher risks of hypoglycemia (odds ratio 1.85 [1.54–2.21], P &amp;lt; 0.0001), diabetic neuropathy (1.38 [1.28–1.49], P &amp;lt; 0.0001), nephropathy (1.38 [1.27–1.50], P &amp;lt; 0.0001), retinopathy (1.10 [1.01–1.20], P = 0.0347), coronary heart disease (1.59 [1.48–1.70], P &amp;lt; 0.0001), cerebrovascular disease (1.38 [1.28–1.49], P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and peripheral arterial disease (1.34 [1.25–1.44], P &amp;lt; 0.0001). All-cause mortality was higher in those with DEP (1.74 [1.57–1.93], P &amp;lt; 0.0001) than in those with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS DEP is more likely to require insulin therapy than type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia, micro- and macrovascular complications, and all-cause mortality events are higher in DEP compared with type 2 diabetes.
Health Care
Authors: Joseph E. Simonaitis
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Health Care is a compilation of articles originally published by the Library of Law and Contemporary Problems. The articles are based on the authors' assumption that the present system of health care delivery is economically inequitable and inadequate. The authors examine and criticize the health care legislation presently being debated in the Congress and indicate possible methods of reforming the health care,delivery system. The book contains such representative articles as "Medical Care and Its Delivery: An Economic Appraisal," by Judith R. Lave and Lester B. Lave; "Health Maintenance Organizations and the Market for Health Services," by Clark C. Havighurst; and "National Health Insurance: A Review of Policies and Proposals," by I. S. Falk. A central theme of the book seems to be that physicians and organized medicine are responsible for any failures in the health care delivery system. To correct these failures the authors propose either federal regulation or a
Cholestatic liver diseases of genetic etiology: Advances and controversies
Authors: Samar H. Ibrahim, Binita M. Kamath, Kathleen M. Loomes, Saul J. Karpen
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract With the application of modern investigative technologies, cholestatic liver diseases of genetic etiology are increasingly identified as the root cause of previously designated “idiopathic” adult and pediatric liver diseases. Here, we review advances in the field enhanced by a deeper understanding of the phenotypes associated with specific gene defects that lead to cholestatic liver diseases. There are evolving areas for clinicians in the current era specifically regarding the role for biopsy and opportunities for a “sequencing first” approach. Risk stratification based on the severity of the genetic defect holds promise to guide the decision to pursue primary liver transplantation versus medical therapy or nontransplant surgery, as well as early screening for HCC. In the present era, the expanding toolbox of recently approved therapies for hepatologists has real potential to help many of our patients with genetic causes of cholestasis. In addition, there are promising agents under study in the pipeline. Relevant to the current era, there are still gaps in knowledge of causation and pathogenesis and lack of fully accepted biomarkers of disease progression and pruritus. We discuss strategies to overcome the challenges of genotype–phenotype correlation and draw attention to the extrahepatic manifestations of these diseases. Finally, with attention to identifying causes and treatments of genetic cholestatic disorders, we anticipate a vibrant future of this dynamic field which builds upon current and future therapies, real‐world evaluations of individual and combined therapeutics, and the potential incorporation of effective gene editing and gene additive technologies.
Erratum
Authors: None &NA;
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

The authors report a case of intestinal lymphangiectasia that was clearly demonstrated during abdominal lymphoscintigraphy using Tc-99m Sb colloid. Although lymphoscintigraphy has been used in many different clinical situations, this is, to our knowledge, the first scintigraphic description of this disease. Clinical and pathologic presentations of intestinal lymphangiectasia are briefly reviewed. Some possible approaches to the confirmation of the presence of a protein-losing gastroenteropathy are mentioned.
The Elbow
Authors: Randall F. Dryer
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This textbook represents an effort to provide a complete discussion of the normal and abnormal processes that can occur in the bones and soft tissues around the elbow joint. In ten chapters the editor organizes and presents information in a logical sequential fashion. The introductory chapter includes a discussion of the elbow's normal anatomy, radiology, embryology, and surgical approaches. Several excellent line drawings are included and are supplemented by clear roentgenograms. A particularly useful reference figure, shown on page 4, describes the order of appearance of the secondary ossification centers about the elbow. Excellent illustrations are used to demonstrate the standard surgical approaches. The second chapter deals with biomechanics of the elbow and is written so that one does not need an engineering background for a clear understanding of the subject. Discussions of childhood and adult trauma make up the largest portion of the textbook. Both operative and nonoperative treatments
Contempo 1994
Journal: JAMA (1994)

With mod graphics and a spacious layout difficult to duplicate in these days of greater conservation, the first edition of Contempo appeared in early 1978. From its inception, 5 years afterTHE Journal's installation of an editorial board, Contempo has been a means by which the members of that board further a critical objective ofThe Journal: to keep physicians up-to-the-minute and inform them of developments in fields other than their own. There were 18 Contempo contributions in that first issue, and their subject matter reflected the expertise of the editorial board members. Some on the board were recruited because they could represent the many disciplines that contribute to the content of a general medical journal such as ours. Others joined because they edited one of the American Medical Association's specialty journals. In any case, the selection of topics to be included that first year was simple enough: Ask
Typhoid Tonsillitis
Authors: Philip C. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

UNUSUAL but clinically important manifestations of typhoid fever, including respiratory symptoms, epistaxis, and intestinal bleeding, are sometimes encountered. In the following case, tonsillitis was shown to be an integral part of the clinical presentation of typhoid fever. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 15-year-old Guatemalan student came to the Roosevelt Hospital, Guatemala City, in September 1978 because of a fever that had lasted two weeks and that was accompanied by weakness, malaise, and pain on swallowing. Two days before visiting the hospital, he experienced diarrhea, with an average of four yellow-green watery stools per day without blood or mucus. The diarrhea stopped on the day the patient visited the hospital. In the same morning, the patient experienced an episode of epistaxis. There was no history of bruising or of a bleeding disorder. Vital signs showed a temperature of 39 °C; the pulse rate was 110 beats per minute; respirations were 30/min;
Tolbutamide, smoking, and cardiac arrhythmia. A case report
Authors: P. L. Poffenbarger
Journal: JAMA (1980)

RECENTLY reported analyses of the mortality data of the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) study<sup>1</sup>have prompted a reassessment of the role of oral hypoglycemic agents and other factors in ischemic heart disease in patients with diabetes. We describe a patient in whom the occurrence of premature ventricular contractions appeared to be associated with the combination of cigarette smoking and long-term treatment with tolbutamide. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 58-year-old woman was admitted to the Clinical Research Center as a volunteer subject in a continuing study of the pharmacogenetics of tolbutamide metabolism.<sup>2,3</sup>She gave a reliable medical history of mild glucose intolerance and hypertension since 1968 but volunteered no complaints referable to these problems. The glucose intolerance was established by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 1968, and repeated testing by her private physician in 1973 again showed blood glucose levels in the diabetic range. In addition,
Thymic Carcinomas—A Concise Multidisciplinary Update on Recent Developments From the Thymic Carcinoma Working Group of the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group
Authors: Anja C. Roden, Usman Ahmad, Giuseppe Cardillo, Nicolas Girard, Deepali Jain, Edith M. Marom, Alexander Marx, Andre L. Moreira, Andrew G. Nicholson, Arun Rajan, Annemarie F. Shepherd, Charles B. Simone, Chad D. Strange, Malgorzata Szolkowska, Mylene T. Truong, Andreas Rimner
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2022)
Pertussis vaccine encephalopathy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Davis, Brown, and Pannor that frozen pre-embryos should not be sold, and our report did not suggest otherwise. We do not agree that donating pre-embryos is like treating the end product as a commodity that can be bartered at will. The altruistic sentiments that motivate a couple to donate its unused pre-embryos to other childless couples are very different from the commercial sentiments that would motivate a couple to sell its unused preembryos. Davis, Brown, and Pannor appear to overstate the concerns about the psychological implications of donating frozen pre-embryos. Any predictions of emotional problems are speculative. Perhaps the resulting children will have a heightened risk of emotional problems. Even so, it is difficult to conclude that they would have been better off not being born. In addition, it is not clear that studies of adopted children can be generalized to children who are the
Influenza vaccination in renal transplant recipients
Authors: S. S. Kumar
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy are prone to major pulmonary infections. Development of influenza virus infection may lead to renal allograft damage or rejection. These patients should therefore be protected against influenza viruses by vaccination. A satisfactory antibody response was found in 12 (60%) of 20 renal transplant recipients vaccinated. Among 15 control subjects, the antibody response was satisfactory in all participants (100%). Factors that might play a role in suppression of antibody response include use of immunosuppressive drugs and renal allograft function. Immunization is safe and does not appear to affect renal allograft function. (<i>JAMA</i>239:840-842, 1978)
Mast cells instruct keratinocytes to produce thymic stromal lymphopoietin: Relevance of the tryptase/protease-activated receptor 2 axis
Authors: Davender Redhu, Kristin Franke, Marina Aparicio-Soto, Vandana Kumari, Kristijan Pazur, Anja Illerhaus, Karin Hartmann, Margitta Worm, Magda Babina
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Treatment of low-back pain
Authors: T. W. Meade
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In a comparison of numerous clinical trials, some simplification is necessary for presentation. However, I do not believe that the article by Coxhead and colleagues was in any way misrepresented. The issue of blinded outcome assessments is never irrelevant in determining therapeutic efficacy, because both investigators and subjects are likely to have biases regarding therapy. I pointed out, both in the text and in Table 4, that blinding is difficult with regard to physical treatments. However, a third-party assessor who is unaware of treatment group can evaluate outcomes, and this should be less biased then self-assessment by a patient with full knowledge of his therapy. Ideally, the patients who did not receive a given therapy should receive sham treatments of a similar nature (as in drug trials), to create the impression of active intervention. Although I cited trials that employed manipulation and corsets in which this was done,
Feedback-inhibition of glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis in hepatocyte/Kupffer cell cocultures by glucagon-elicited prostaglandin production in kupffer cells*1
Authors: U HESPELING
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Prostaglandins, released from Kupffer cells, have been shown to mediate the increase in hepatic glycogenolysis by various stimuli such as zymosan, endotoxin, immune complexes, and anaphylotoxin C3a involving prostaglandin (PG) receptors coupled to phospholipase C via a G0 protein. PGs also decreased glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis in hepatocytes by a different signal chain involving PGE2 receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase via a Gi protein (EP3 receptors). The source of the prostaglandins for this latter glucagon-antagonistic action is so far unknown. This study provides evidence that Kupffer cells may be one source: in Kupffer cells, maintained in primary culture for 72 hours, glucagon (0.1 to 10 nmol/ L) increased PGE2, PGF2α, and PGD2 synthesis rapidly and transiently. Maximal prostaglandin concentrations were reached after 5 minutes. Glucagon (1 nmol/L) elevated the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and inositol triphosphate (InsP3) levels in Kupffer cells about fivefold and twofold, respectively. The increase in glycogen phosphorylase activity elicited by 1 nmol/L glucagon was about twice as large in monocultures of hepatocytes than in cocultures of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells with the same hepatocyte density. Treatment of cocultures with 500 μmol/L acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to irreversibly inhibit cyclooxygenase (PGH-synthase) 30 minutes before addition of glucagon abolished this difference. These data support the hypothesis that PGs produced by Kupffer cells in response to glucagon might participate in a feedback loop inhibiting glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis in hepatocytes.
Differences in State COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates for Schoolteachers and Childcare Professionals
Authors: Kavin M. Patel, Saad B. Omer, Walter S. Gilliam
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2022)

Discussion | This cross-sectional study revealed that during the winter of 2020-2021, for children aged 5 to 11 years, there was 1 MIS-C hospitalization for every COVID-19 hospitalization.This finding suggests that MIS-C may not be as rare of a COVID-19 sequela as previously thought.Other long-term COVID-19 complications may also be of concern for children aged 5 to 11 years.Although rarer than influenza infection, the extreme severity of MIS-C made the total economic and health burden of COVID-19 infection combined with MIS-C just as high as that of past influenza outbreaks.One study limitation was that the percentage of children aged 5 to 11 years who were Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, Hispanic, and other race and ethnicity for the studied 11 states was 39.4% compared with 50.2% for all US states.Thus, our data possibly underestimated the national rate and severity of MIS-C.It is our hope that our study results may provide important data points for public health planning efforts, including racial and ethnic minority group outreach, to help reduce the disease burden of both COVID-19/MIS-C and influenza.
DENTAL FORMATION IN THE NASAL CAVITY.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Prof. E. Fletcher Ingals, of Chicago, sends us the following regarding misplaced teeth: Recently, in examining a patient who had for some time been troubled with nasal catarrh, I found on the floor of the left naris, four centimeters back from the nostril, a hard substance, feeling, when touched with the probe, like bone. On seizing this with forceps the patient experienced severe pain, like that caused by striking a sensitive tooth, and for several hours afterward he suffered from pain like a severe toothache. The pain caused by touching this body was so exquisite, that it was necessary to produce complete anæsthesia before a thorough examination could be made. Dr. R. H. Lull administered ether for me, and I then engaged the foreign body in the snare, which I use for nasal tumors, and drew it out, when it was found to be a supernumerary tooth, resembling closely the
Detecting glaucoma with only OCT: Implications for the clinic, research, screening, and AI development
Authors: Donald C. Hood, Sol La Bruna, Emmanouil Tsamis, Kaveri A. Thakoor, Anvit Rai, Ari Leshno, Carlos G.V. de Moraes, George A. Cioffi, Jeffrey M. Liebmann
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2022)