tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 among French tourists returning from Turkey, September 2011
Authors: N Jourdan-da Silva, M Watrin, F  X Weill, L A King, M Gouali, A Mailles, D van Cauteren, M Bataille, S Guettier, C Castrale, P Henry, P Mariani, V Vaillant, H de Valk
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

Eight cases of diarrhoea, including two cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), were identified among 22 French tourists who travelled to Turkey in September 2011. A strain of Escherichia coli O104:H4 stx2-positive, eae-negative, hlyA-negative, aggR-positive, ESBL-negative was isolated from one HUS case. Molecular analyses show this strain to be genetically similar but not indistinguishable from the E. coli O104:H4 2011 outbreak strain of France and Germany. Although the source of infection was not identified, we conclude that the HUS cases had probably been infected in Turkey.
Abstract 14546: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Late Gadolinium Enhancement and Histopathological Correlation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gil Moravsky, Efrat Ofek, Lynne Williams, Jagdish Butany, Harry Rakowski, Andrew Crean
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Cardiac MRI with Late Gadolinium Enhancement (CMR-LGE) is a well established tool for the assessment of scar in ischemic heart disease. Its role in the assessment of Hypertrophic Cardio...
May be to enable them to cope with demands of their job
Authors: F. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—A J Isaacs and colleagues suggest that women doctors have a relatively high rate of use of hormone replacement therapy.1 Women doctors do seem to be ahead of an increasing trend for women to take such therapy, but they are perhaps not as far ahead as the authors' review of the literature indicates.

A study of use of hormone replacement therapy in one general practice (population 14500) carried out at the same time as Isaacs and colleagues' study found …
Childhood Depression: Interpersonal Interactions and Depressive Phenomena
Authors: Irving Philips
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The author discusses the impact of parental disability, particularly parental depression, on children. Depression in children, which takes different forms according to the child's developmental level, may mirror or be a response to similar affect in a parent. Clinicians need to take note of the relationship between child and caretaker and of the various manifestations of childhood depression in order to avoid underdiagnosing this disorder.
Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen–radioguided Surgery for Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tobias Maurer, Gregor Weirich, Margret Schottelius, Martina Weineisen, Benjamin Frisch, Asli Okur, Hubert Kübler, Mark Thalgott, Nassir Navab, Markus Schwaiger, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Jürgen E. Gschwend, Matthias Eiber
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Abstract 3797: Physical Exercise Training Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation of Endogenous Progenitor Cells in the Skeletal Muscle of Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Axel Linke, Volker Adams, Sandra Erbs, Robert Hollriegel, Ephraim B Beck, Stephan Gielen, Sven Mobius-Winkler, Holger Thiele, Rainer Hambrecht, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Circulation (2007)
The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS)14. Distinguishing progression of glaucoma from visual field fluctuations
Authors: Jonghyeon Kim, Leonard G Dally, Fred Ederer, Douglas E Gaasterland, Paul C VanVeldhuisen, Beth Blackwell, E Kenneth Sullivan, Bruce Prum, George Shafranov, Allen Beck, George L Spaeth
Journal: Ophthalmology (2004)
Soundings: Heart fever
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2005)

“Oh God, why do we have to watch all these autopsies,” said a bored medical student perched high up in the amphitheatre as the pathologist was dissecting a patient supposed to have died from mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia.

This was decades ago, when autopsies had not yet gone the way of the horse and buggy. But, surprise—there were large vegetations on the aortic and mitral valves. What had blown out life's little candle, in the parlance of William Boyd's memorable textbook, was bacterial endocarditis, unrecognised and unchecked during the patient's life.

In the past there was something romantic about this horrible disease, and its ravages were linked eponymously to the great clinicians of the times—Osler nodes, Roth spots, Janeway lesions. The diagnosis depended on that old platitude “a high index of suspicion,” and at the bedside clinician teachers would cast valuable pearls before credulous (or bored) students. They said (probably wrongly) that endocarditis never occurred in the absence of red cells in the urine, nor in the face of a normal sedimentation rate (also gone the way of the horse and buggy but curiously resuscitated as the C reactive protein). Now we have guidelines or algorithms and order transoesophageal echocardiograms to make the diagnosis and meet targets.

One of the victims of this disease in the pre-penicillin era was the composer Gustav Mahler. Known to have a leaking valve and while on a conducting tour in the United States, he developed a sore throat that just would not go away, then fever and profound weakness.

As a last resort his wife, Alma, took him to a celebrated bacteriologist in Paris. There for a moment a miracle seemed to have happened. Highly excited the doctor rushed into the room carrying a microscope and beamed: “Come and look, Madame Mahler. Even I have not seen streptococci in such a marvellous state of development. Look at these threads. Just like seaweed.”

Mahler soon grew too weak even to hold up a book and would tear out the pages to read them. He died in 1911, some eight months after the triumphant premiere of his eighth symphony. Conducting with one finger, his last words were “Mozart.”
An in vitro model of ethanol-dependent liver cell injury
Authors: R Lamb
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were incubated with 100 mM ethanol, 0.5 mM linoleate, 0.5 mM 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), 0.1 mM vitamin E and selected combinations of these agents. Agent-dependent alterations in cell viability and function were determined. Short periods of ethanol exposure stimulated the incorporation of labeled glycerol and choline into cellular lipids but did not alter cell viability. Longer periods of ethanol exposure; however, produced significant reductions in cell viability and cell function. The ethanol-dependent reductions in cell viability and function were potentiated by linoleate and reduced by 4-MP or Vitamin E. These results suggest that ethanol metabolism may induce liver cell injury in vitro by some oxidative event such as lipid peroxidation. In summary, these studies suggest that: (1) the long-term incubation of cultured hepatocytes with ethanol may be an appropriate in vitro model to determine the mechanisms by which ethanol induces liver cell injury; (2) vitamin E may prevent or reduce ethanol-dependent liver cell injury in vitro.
Missense SNP rs3731249 Explains the CDKN2A Association with Childhood ALL and Shows Risk Allele Selection in Tumors with Somatic CDKN2A Alterations
Authors: Adam J. de Smith, Kyle M. Walsh, Helen M. Hansen, Lisa F. Barcellos, Anand P. Chokkalingam, Robert B. Jenkins, Margaret R. Wrensch, John K. Wiencke, Catherine Metayer, Joseph L. Wiemels
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 12914: Impact of Angina Frequency on the Health-Related Quality-of-Life of Patients With Chronic Angina
Authors: Christine G Kohn, Brendan L Limone, Matthew Parker, Craig I Coleman
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background:  Chronic angina is a highly symptomatic disease that can have a profound impact on patients’ health-related quality-of-life (HrQoL). The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between angina frequency and HrQoL.   Methods:  This was a post-hoc analysis from the 6-week double-blind treatment phase of the Efficacy of Ranolazine in Chronic Angina (ERICA) trial which evaluated 565 patients with stable coronary disease reporting ≥3 angina attacks/week. Angina frequency was classified using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire angina frequency (SAQAF) domain (scores of 100=no; 61-99=monthly; 31-60=weekly; 0-30=daily angina symptoms). HrQoL was assessed based on EuroQol (EQ)-5D scores derived using individual patient data from the ERICA trial and a previously published mapping equation. Median (25%, 75% range) EQ-5D scores for each angina frequency classification at the end of the 6-week period were calculated. Additionally, changes in EQ-5D scores from baseline to end-of-trial for patients achieving and not achieving a ≥20 point improvement in SAQAF score (previously reported as a minimally important improvement) were compared.   Results:  Both SAQAF and EQ-5D scores were available in 548 patients (97% of all randomized) (Table). The total population reported a median EQ-5D score of 0.68 (0.62, 0.77). Compared to patients reporting no angina symptoms, patients reporting monthly, weekly and daily angina symptoms had significantly poorer HrQoL (p≤0.001 for all). Patients who improved ≥20 points on the SAQAF from baseline (n=369, 67%) experienced a median 0.08 greater improvement in EQ-5D score compared to those not achieving a ≥20 point improvement (p≤0.001).   Conclusions:  Among patients suffering from chronic angina, HrQoL decreases as angina frequency increases. Patients reporting at least a minimally important improvement in angina frequency experience a tangible improvement in HrQoL.
Abstract 11186: Downstream Coronary Effects of Drug Eluting Stents: A Propensity Matched Analysis
Authors: George M Cater, Ganesh P Devendra, Mehdi Shishehbor, Steven Nissen, Stephen Ellis, Richard A Krasuski
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Drug eluting stents (DES) target local endothelial trauma and prevent in-stent restenosis. The antiproliferative agents used in DES have been shown to attenuate atherosclerosis, howev...
Prognostic Significance of Occult Metastases Detected by Sentinel Lymphadenectomy and Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction in Early-Stage Melanoma Patients
Authors: Peter J. Bostick, Donald L. Morton, Roderick R. Turner, Kelly T. Huynh, He-Jing Wang, Robert Elashoff, Richard Essner, Dave S.B. Hoon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: Detection of micrometastases in the regional tumor-draining lymph nodes is critical for accurate staging and prognosis in melanoma patients. We hypothesized that a multiple-mRNA marker (MM) reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay would improve the detection of occult metastases in the sentinel node (SN), compared with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and that MM expression is predictive of disease relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-two consecutive patients with clinical early-stage melanoma underwent sentinel lymphadenectomy (SLND). Their SNs were serially sectioned and assessed for MAGE-3, MART-1, and tyrosinase mRNA expression by RT-PCR, in parallel with H&amp;E staining and IHC, for melanoma metastases. MM expression in the SNs was correlated with H&amp;E and IHC assay results, standard prognostic factors, and disease-free survival. RESULTS: In 17 patients with H&amp;E- and/or IHC-positive SNs, 16 (94%) expressed two or more mRNAmarkers. Twenty (36%) of 55 patients with histopathologically negative SNs expressed two or more mRNA markers. By multivariate analysis, patients at increased risk of metastases to the SN had thicker lesions (P = .03), were 60 years of age or younger (P &lt; .05), and/or were MM-positive (P &lt; .001). Patients with histopathologically melanoma-free SNs who were MM-positive, compared with those who were positive for one or fewer mRNA markers, were at increased risk of recurrence (P = .02). Patients who were MM-positive with histopathologically proven metastases in the SN were at greatest risk of disease relapse (P = .01). CONCLUSION: H&amp;E staining and IHC underestimate the true incidence of melanoma metastases. MM expression in the SN more accurately reflects melanoma micrometastases and is also a more powerful predictor of disease relapse than are H&amp;E staining and IHC alone.
Nepal earthquake gives rise to fears over poor sanitation
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Aid agencies and health officials are warning that poor sanitation in the aftermath of the Nepal earthquake could lead to an outbreak of waterborne diseases such as cholera and dysentery.

The Disasters Emergency Committee, the body that is coordinating the UK humanitarian response to the earthquake, has warned that in many areas clean water supplies have been disrupted, with people living and defecating in the open.

The World Health Organization said that between 75 and 85 cases of diarrhoea and 200 cases of upper respiratory infection have been reported.

Roderico Ofrin, the regional coordinator for emergency risk management at WHO’s South East Asia regional office, told The BMJ that poor sanitation was a concern. “There are some reports of disease, but we’re not at outbreak levels,” he …
Abstract 9346: Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony Estimated by Real time 3D Echocardiography Acutely Onset after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Predicts Left Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Noriaki Iwahashi, Masami Kosuge, Nobuhiko Maejima, Mitsuaki Endo, Kengo Tsukahara, Yoshio Tahara, Kiyoshi Hibi, Toshiaki Ebina, Shinichi Sumita, Kazuaki Uchino, Toshiyuki Ishikawa, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Left ventricular dyssynchrony, estimated by speckle-tracking radial strain immediately after AMI, has been recognized as a predictor of LV remodeling. Methods: The study included 119 consecutive patients (99men, 64years, maxCPK=3138±3642IU/l) presenting with a first ST-elevation AMI (STEMI) who underwent primary PCI within 12 hours of onset. Within 24 h of intervention, 2D echocardiography, including tissue Doppler, speckle-tracking strains, and 3D echocardiography, was performed by iE33 and Q-lab version 8.1 (CMQ and 3DQ ADV, Philips inc). Echocardiography was repeated 12 months later and LV remodeling was defined as an absolute increase in LVEDV of at least 20%. The absolute difference (Tmsv-16dif) and standard deviation (SD) of the time to regional LV minimum systolic volume (Tmsv-16SD) for all 16 segments were assessed by 3D echocardiography. The absolute differences in time-to-peak radial (Tm-rad), circumferential (Tm-cir), and longitudinal (Tm-lon) strains were assessed for the earliest versus the latest activated segments. Longitudinal images were obtained by their apical 4-, 2-, long axis view and longitudianal strain was calculated from these images. Results: In total, 37 patients had LV remodeling at the 12-month follow-up. Each dyssynchronous index was a significant predictor for LV remodeling. Table shows univariate and multivariate analysis for predicting LV remodeling. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that Tmsv-16SD was the independent predictor among these indexes (Odds ratio=1.183, CI : 1.039-1.441, p=0.0046). We corrected Tmsv-16SD by the R-R interval to give Tmsv-16SD%. The Tmsv-16SD% value strongly predicted LV remodeling (Odds ratio = 1.609, CI : 1.336-2.029, p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: In patients with a first STEMI, LV dyssynchrony assessed by 3D echocardiography immediately after reperfusion therapy can predict LV remodeling within 12 months.
Recommendations of the ESGE Workshop on Ethical-Legal Issues Concerning Live Demonstrations in Digestive Endoscopy
Authors: J. Devière, T. Ponchon, U. Beilenhoff, H. Neuhaus, G. Costamagna, A. Schmit, A. Kruse, J. Spičak, A. Nowak
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Live-endoscopy courses have become very popular over the last 20 years. Although local live demonstrations had been given for many years by the pioneers in their own centers, the first live-endoscopy courses with participation of foreign faculty members took place in Europe, in December 1981 (Claude Liguory, in Paris) and in June 1983 (Michel Cremer, in Brussels). At that time, these courses were organized in very difficult conditions, not only from a technical point of view (using fiberscopes, with limited transmission capabilities), but also because diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopies were much less developed than they are at present, and especially because the availability of teams including gastroenterologists, radiologists, and anesthesiologists was very limited in this field. The enthusiasm for live-endoscopy courses spread throughout Europe and has rapidly crossed the oceans.
Psychiatry in Africa: an overview
Authors: A O Odejide, L K Oyewunmi, J U Ohaeri
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The authors review the practice of psychiatry in Africa today. They describe the similarities as well as the differences between psychiatry in Africa and in the Western world in the rates, presentations, and treatment of neurosis, depression, schizophrenia, and suicide and drug- and alcohol-related problems. Child psychiatric services and research in biological psychiatry are rare in Africa, and sociocultural problems confront epidemiologic studies and the use of psychotherapy. The authors conclude that to achieve the goal of mental health care for all Africans, psychiatry should be included in the primary health care program, regional postgraduate medical centers are needed, and a means of gathering statistics and funding research should be fostered.
X-Linked <i>TEX11</i> Mutations, Meiotic Arrest, and Azoospermia in Infertile Men
Authors: Alexander N. Yatsenko, Andrew P. Georgiadis, Albrecht Röpke, Andrea J. Berman, Thomas Jaffe, Marta Olszewska, Birgit Westernströer, Joseph Sanfilippo, Maciej Kurpisz, Aleksandar Rajkovic, Svetlana A. Yatsenko, Sabine Kliesch, Stefan Schlatt, Frank Tüttelmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The genetic basis of nonobstructive azoospermia is unknown in the majority of infertile men.We performed array comparative genomic hybridization testing in blood samples obtained from 15 patients with azoospermia, and we performed mutation screening by means of direct Sanger sequencing of the testis-expressed 11 gene (TEX11) open reading frame in blood and semen samples obtained from 289 patients with azoospermia and 384 controls.We identified a 99-kb hemizygous loss on chromosome Xq13.2 that involved three TEX11 exons. This loss, which was identical in 2 patients with azoospermia, predicts a deletion of 79 amino acids within the meiosis-specific sporulation domain SPO22. Our subsequent mutation screening showed five novel TEX11 mutations: three splicing mutations and two missense mutations. These mutations, which occurred in 7 of 289 men with azoospermia (2.4%), were absent in 384 controls with normal sperm concentrations (P=0.003). Notably, five of those TEX11 mutations were detected in 33 patients (15%) with azoospermia who received a diagnosis of azoospermia with meiotic arrest. Meiotic arrest in these patients resembled the phenotype of Tex11-deficient male mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed specific cytoplasmic TEX11 expression in late spermatocytes, as well as in round and elongated spermatids, in normal human testes. In contrast, testes of patients who had azoospermia with TEX11 mutations had meiotic arrest and lacked TEX11 expression.In our study, hemizygous TEX11 mutations were a common cause of meiotic arrest and azoospermia in infertile men. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
Sodium Nitroprusside
Authors: Roger F. Palmer, Kenneth C. Lasseter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THE ideal agent to lower blood pressure in hypertensive emergencies should have the following characteristics: rapid action; specific effect on resistance vessels, with no effect on other smooth-muscle or cardiac-muscle systems; immediate reversibility; lack of effect on the central or autonomic nervous system; no tachyphylaxis; and high potency and low toxic-therapeutic ratio. To an amazing extent, sodium nitroprusside fits these ideal characteristics; yet only in a few centers has it been used in such emergencies. It is now available commercially (Nipride—Roche), and although its sole indication initially will be in hypertensive emergencies by no means will or should such a . . .
BCL-2 Expression Correlates With Lower Proliferative Activity in the Intermediate- and High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and Southwest Oncology Group Cooperative Laboratory Study
Authors: Jane N. Winter, Janet Andersen, John C. Reed, Stanislaw Krajewski, Daina Variakojis, Kenneth D. Bauer, Richard I. Fisher, Leo I. Gordon, Martin M. Oken, Shuwei Jiang, David Jeffries, Peter Domer
Journal: Blood (1998)
Abstract 4307: New Insights into Surgical Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Therapy: Initial Experience with a Novel Permanently Implantable Heart Rhythm Monitor Device
Authors: Thorsten Hanke, Antje Karlub, Efstratios Charitos, Axel Hagemann, Bernhard Graf, Ulrich Stierle, Hans-H. Sievers
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: Surgical atrial fibrillation (AF) therapy is gaining widespread acceptance among cardiothoracic surgeons. However, assessment of therapy success is until now solely based on short time -“snapshot”-rhythm surveillance often at irregular time intervals. In order to evaluate the ablation’s success we intraindividually compared two different types of follow-up strategies: conventional 24h-Holter monitoring and direct long time rhythm surveillance achieved by a new implantable monitor device (IRMD). Methods: 20 cardiac surgical patients (male 16, mean age 69±9y) with a mean AF of 30±48m (paroxysmal n=7, persistent n=9, long standing persistent n=4) were treated intraoperatively with epicardial high intensity focus ultrasound (HIFU) ablation (+CABG n=10, +AVR n=5, +AVR/CABG n=2, +valve preserving ascending aorta replacement n=2, +endoaneurymoraphy n=1, lone atrial fibrillation n=1). Postoperative heart rhythm monitoring was accomplished in all patients with a 24h-Holter-monitor at prescheduled time intervals and additionally with a new implantable monitor device (Reveal XT, Medtronic®, MN, USA). A more than 0.5% of “time in AF” as reported by the IRMD was considered as recurrence of AF. Telemetry of the IRMD was performed simultaneously after completion of 24h-Holter monitoring. Results: During a mean FU of 8.7±1.4m a total of 29 24 h-Holter-monitors were obtained. Sinus rhythm was documented in 21, the IMRD however revealed AF recurrence in 11 of these cases. Thus, conventional 24 h ECG monitoring failed to identify AF recurrence in 59% of cases (p&lt;0.027). Success rate after surgical ablation therapy (defined as freedom from AF recurrence of more than 0.5% of observational period) was 72% with 24h Holter monitoring, but only 35% using continuous ECG monitoring with IRMD. Conclusion: In order to evaluate better “real life” outcomes after atrial fibrillation ablation therapy, long term continuous heart rhythm surveillance instead of -“snapshot” - heart rhythm monitoring is mandatory. This is particularly important for the decision to alter medical therapies, e.g. oral anticoagulation or antiarrhythmic treatment.