tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15164: Impact of Conventional Right Ventricular Pacing in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights From Pursuit-hfpef Registry
Authors: Tetsuya Watanabe, Shungo Hikoso, Daisaku D Nakatani, Masamichi Yano, Shunsuke Tamaki, Takashi Morita, Yoshio Furukawa, Masato Kawasaki, Atsushi Kikuchi, Masahiro Seo, Takaharu Hayashi, Akito Nakagawa, Yusuke Nakagawa, Yoshio Yasumura, Takahisa Yamada, Yasushi Sakata
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Previous studies suggest that conventional right ventricular (RV) pacing may have a deleterious effect on left ventricular (LV) function. However, there are no reports examining the effects of permanent pacemakers (PM) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) admitted with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Methods and Results: Patients' data were extracted from The Prospective mUlticenteR obServational stUdy of patIenTs with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (PURSUIT-HFpEF) study, which is a prospective multicenter observational registry for ADHF patients with LVEF ≥50% in Osaka. Echocardiographic measurements were performed just before and 1 year after discharge. We analyzed 623 patients (median age: 81[30-101] years) after exclusion of patients on dialysis. At the admission, 55 of 623 patients had a previously implanted pacemaker (PM(+)). There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics before discharge such as age, gender, renal function, echocardiographic parameters between PM(+) and PM(-) groups. One year after discharge, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in PM(+) group was significantly lower (58.3±8.6 vs 62.3±8.4%, p=0.005) than those in PM(-) group. During a mean follow-up period of 1.25±0.84years, 171patients had heart failure hospitalization (HFH). At the multivariate Cox analysis, pacemaker was significantly associated with HFH, independently of age, serum NT-proBNP level, and LVEF after the adjustment with NYHA functional class, sex, and hemoglobin. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that patients in PM(+) group had a significantly higher risk of HFH than those in PM(-) group. Conclusion: The development of cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction occurred in patients with HFpEF with a RV pacemaker implantation, which would be associated with poor outcome.
Methods for epidemiological studies in competitive cycling: an extension of the IOC consensus statement on methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020
Authors: Benjamin Clarsen, Babette M Pluim, Víctor Moreno-Pérez, Xavier Bigard, Cheri Blauwet, Juan Del Coso, Javier Courel-Ibáñez, Katharina Grimm, Nigel Jones, Nikki Kolman, Manuel Mateo-March, Luca Pollastri, Cesáreo López-Rodríguez, Raquel Ortolano Ríos, Michael Roshon, Jésus Hoyos Echevarría, Gwenaëlle Madouas, Lars Petter Nordhaug, Jon Patricios, Evert Verhagen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

In 2020, the IOC released a consensus statement that provides overall guidelines for the recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport. Some aspects of this statement need to be further specified on a sport-by-sport basis. To extend the IOC consensus statement on methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sports and to meet the sport-specific requirements of all cycling disciplines regulated by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). A panel of 20 experts, all with experience in cycling or cycling medicine, participated in the drafting of this cycling-specific extension of the IOC consensus statement. In preparation, panel members were sent the IOC consensus statement, the first draft of this manuscript and a list of topics to be discussed. The expert panel met in July 2020 for a 1-day video conference to discuss the manuscript and specific topics. The final manuscript was developed in an iterative process involving all panel members. This paper extends the IOC consensus statement to provide cycling-specific recommendations on health problem definitions, mode of onset, injury mechanisms and circumstances, diagnosis classifications, exposure, study population characteristics and data collection methods. Recommendations apply to all UCI cycling disciplines, for both able-bodied cyclists and para-cyclists. The recommendations presented in this consensus statement will improve the consistency and accuracy of future epidemiological studies of injury and illness in cycling.
Dose T2-weighted Short TI Inversion Recovery Images on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Reflect Disease Activity in Cardiac Involvement of Sarcoidosis Patients?
Authors: Kasai Yufuko, Nakajima Takatomo, Nomura Arata, Ohmori Hisako, Kimura Fumiko, Sakai Shuji, Hagiwara Nobuhisa
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Coronary Revascularization and Cognitive Decline
Authors: Rebecca F. Gottesman, Michelle C. Johansen
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response to Comment on Cundy et al. Early Worsening of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes After Rapid Improvement in Chronic Severe Hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care 2021;44:e55–e56
Authors: Tim Cundy, Andrew Holden, Elizabeth Stallworthy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

We thank Dr. Larroumet and her colleagues for their interest in our article (1), in which we described severe, permanent loss of renal function in four people with type 2 diabetes after rapid correction of chronic severe hyperglycemia. In a larger group of people with type 2 diabetes whose glycemic control had improved substantially, Larroumet et al. (2) found no evidence that renal …
Out of sight, out of mind: the invisibility of female African athletes in sports and exercise medicine research
Authors: Nonhlanhla Sharon Mkumbuzi, Fidelis Chibhabha, Phathokuhle Cele Zondi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the participation of females in sport, as well as professionalism of female sport.1 Sports and exercise medicine (SEM) literature has, however, failed to mirror this progress, as female athletes continue to be on the margins of methodological, theoretical and empirical research.2 The absence of the female narrative in the scientific literature is even more pervasive for female athletes in Africa, which presents various challenges for athletes and clinicians. This editorial highlights the challenges associated with the scarcity of research on female African athletes.

Much of the current scientific evidence on athletes fails to account for the intersection of gender, race, culture and economics3—factors which compound the difficulties faced by female athletes. In particular, the journey of the female African athlete is significantly influenced by the following: societal expectations, culturally driven perceptions, and (lack of) access to opportunities, sports infrastructure and financial support.4 As such, interventions that do not consider the intersection between biology and the …
Exploring Markers of Exhausted CD8 T Cells to Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chia-Lang Hsu, Da-Liang Ou, Li-Yuan Bai, Chia-Wei Chen, Li Lin, Shiu-Feng Huang, Ann-Lii Cheng, Yung-Ming Jeng, Chiun Hsu
Journal: Liver Cancer (2021)

Reversal of CD8 T-cell exhaustion was considered a major antitumor mechanism of anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/ anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)-based immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.The aim of this study was to identify markers of T-cell exhaustion that is best associated with ICI treatment efficacy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Immune cell composition of archival tumor samples was analyzed by transcriptomic analysis and multiplex immunofluorescence staining.HCC patients with objective response after anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1-based ICI therapy (n = 42) had higher expression of genes related to T-cell exhaustion. A 9-gene signature (LAG3, CD244, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL13, MSR1, CSF3R, CYBB, and KLRK1) was defined, whose expression was higher in patients with response to ICI therapy, correlated with density of CD8+LAG3+ cells in tumor microenvironment, and independently predicted better progression-free and overall survival. This 9-gene signature had similar predictive values for patients who received single-agent or combination ICI therapy and was not associated with prognosis in HCC patients who received surgery, suggesting that it may outperform other T-cell signatures for predicting efficacy of ICI therapy for HCC. For HCC patients who underwent surgery for both the primary liver and metastatic lung tumors (n = 31), lung metastatic HCC was associated with a higher exhausted CD8 T-cell signature, consistent with prior observation that patients with lung metastatic HCC may have higher probability of response to ICI therapy.CD8 T-cell exhaustion in tumor microenvironment may predict better efficacy of ICI therapy for HCC.
Abstract P185: Paradoxical Outcomes Among Group Lifestyle Balance Participants In Real-world Clinical Practice
Authors: Kristen M Azar, Qiwen Huang, Elizabeth Venditti, Sylvia Sudat, Alice R Pressman, Robert Romanelli
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: The CDC established the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) initiative in 2010, leading to implementation of numerous group-based lifestyle interventions, such as the 12-month Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB) program, in community and clinical settings. Heterogeneity in weight outcomes is common. While evidence suggests that session attendance is associated with greater weight loss, some participants do not achieve weight loss even with high session attendance. Conversely, some may achieve clinically significant weight loss (≥5%) with lower attendance. In this study, we sought to identify and characterize such paradoxical interventional outcomes. (i.e., high session attendance and &lt;5% weight loss compared with low attendance and ≥5% weight loss). Hypothesis: No a priori hypotheses. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal descriptive analysis of overweight/obese GLB participants using electronic health record data from an integrated healthcare delivery system in Northern California (2010-2017). We focused on the 12-week intensive core phase of the curriculum because prior studies show that weight loss outcomes achieved during this period are highly correlated with long-term weight loss. We categorized patients into 4 mutually exclusive groups by session attendance (&lt;9/≥9 session) and weight change from baseline to 12-weeks follow-up (&lt;5%/≥5% weight loss). The threshold of 9 sessions corresponds to 75% adherence, a quality metric used by Medicare. Results: Among 1,818 evaluable participants, we identified 870 (47.9%) with paradoxical outcomes. Of these, 104 (12.0%) achieved ≥5% weight loss with &lt;9 sessions attended (paradoxical responders) and 766 (88.0%) achieved &lt;5% weight loss despite attending ≥9 sessions (paradoxical non-responders). The remaining 948 participants (52.1%) achieved weight loss consistent with a dose response, based on number of sessions attended. Conclusions: Nearly half of all GLB participants in this integrated health system had paradoxical outcomes, with more than 40% classified as paradoxical non-responders. These results suggest that session attendance may not be as sensitive a predictor of weight outcomes as previously thought, and other approaches are needed to understand the complex factors influencing goal attainment in behavioral lifestyle programs.
Examination of Medical College Admission Test Scores and US Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge Scores Among Students With Disabilities
Authors: Joel Purkiss, Melissa Plegue, Christina J. Grabowski, Michael H. Kim, Sharad Jain, Mark C. Henderson, Lisa M. Meeks
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

This cohort study examines the association between Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores, disability status and category, and performance on US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores.
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Trajectories Since Childhood and Cognitive Performance in Midlife: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Juuso O. Hakala, Katja Pahkala, Markus Juonala, Pia Salo, Mika Kähönen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Terho Lehtimäki, Tomi P. Laitinen, Eero Jokinen, Leena Taittonen, Päivi Tossavainen, Jorma S.A. Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari, Suvi P. Rovio
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, adverse serum lipids, and elevated body mass index in midlife, may harm cognitive performance. It is important to note that longitudinal accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors since childhood may be associated with cognitive performance already since childhood, but the previous evidence is scarce. We studied the associations of cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to midlife, their accumulation, and midlife cognitive performance.From 1980, a population-based cohort of 3596 children (3-18 years of age) have been repeatedly followed up for 31 years. Blood pressure, serum lipids, and body mass index were assessed in all follow-ups. Cardiovascular risk factor trajectories from childhood to midlife were identified using latent class growth mixture modeling. Cognitive testing was performed in 2026 participants 34 to 49 years of age using a computerized test. The associations of the cardiovascular risk factor trajectories and cognitive performance were studied for individual cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular risk factor accumulation.Consistently high systolic blood pressure (β=-0.262 SD [95% CI, -0.520 to -0.005]) and serum total cholesterol (β=-0.214 SD [95% CI, -0.365 to -0.064]) were associated with worse midlife episodic memory and associative learning compared with consistently low values. Obesity since childhood was associated with worse visual processing and sustained attention (β=-0.407 SD [95% CI, -0.708 to -0.105]) compared with normal weight. An inverse association was observed for the cardiovascular risk factor accumulation with episodic memory and associative learning (P for trend=0.008; 3 cardiovascular risk factors: β=-0.390 SD [95% CI, -0.691 to -0.088]), with visual processing and sustained attention (P for trend<0.0001; 3 cardiovascular risk factors: β=-0.443 SD [95% CI, -0.730 to -0.157]), and with reaction and movement time (P for trend=0.048; 2 cardiovascular risk factors: β=-0.164 SD [95% CI, -0.318 to -0.010]).Longitudinal elevated systolic blood pressure, high serum total cholesterol, and obesity from childhood to midlife were inversely associated with midlife cognitive performance. It is important to note that the higher the number of cardiovascular risk factors, the worse was the observed cognitive performance. Therefore, launching preventive strategies against cardiovascular risk factors beginning from childhood might benefit primordial promotion of cognitive health in adulthood.
Difference in Non-culprit Coronary Plaque Composition between Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with Preserved Renal Function and Moderate Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Toyama Kentaro, Sasaki Osamu, Nishioka Toshihiko, Tsukada Shunichi, Koike Aki, Andoh Toshiyuki, Yubara Mikio, Inoue Yoshiro, Kirimura Masato, Kamiyama Tetsuo, Itoh Hiroyuki, Maruyama Yoshiaki, Yoshimoto Nobuo
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Abstract 15115: Predictors of Perceived Stress in Women After Acute Recovery From Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jolaade Kalinowski, Chorong Park, Anais Hausvater, Nathaniel R Smilowitz, Christine Pacheco, Romana Herscovici, Janet Wei, Catalin Toma, Laxmi Mehta, Victoria V Dickson, Judith S Hochman, Harmony R Reynolds, Tanya M Spruill
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Elevated perceived stress is associated with adverse outcomes following myocardial infarction (MI) and accounts in part for poorer recovery in women compared with men. Little is known...
Abstract 13408: Tumor Endothelial Marker 1 is Upregulated in Cardiomyocytes and Participates in Cardiac Remodeling After Cardiac Injury
Authors: Yi-Heng Li, Po-Sheng Chen, Wen-Han Feng, Hsing-Chun Chung
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1), also known as endosialin or CD248, is a transmembrane protein that expresses in mesenchymal lineage-derived cells only during embryogenesis and becomes undetectable in normal tissues after birth. Re-expression of TEM1 is found on activated cells of mesenchymal lineage during pathological conditions, such as stroma cells in cancer, fibroblasts in organ fibrosis and wound healing, indicating its potential role in tissue remodeling and repair. The expression levels and physiological functions of TEM1 in heart are unknown. Methods and Results: All data were presented as mean ± standard error. In 2 explanted hearts from patients with heart failure (HF) received heart transplantation, immunofluorescence staining showed TEM1 was highly expressed in cardiomyocytes (CMs) and also in cardiac fibroblasts. In mouse HF models induced by intraperitoneal doxorubicin injection (5 mg/kg/wk for 4 wks) or coronary ligation, immunohistochemistry study showed TEM1 expression in hearts. Western blot showed 1.23±0.02 and 1.56±0.04-fold increase of cardiac TEM1 expression compared to controls, respectively. In vitro studies showed TEM1 expression increased in cultured CMs (H9C2 cells) treated with: (1) mechanical stretch (10% elongation at 60 cycles/min) (0 vs 0.5 vs 1 vs 3 hr, Western blot ratio: 1 vs 1.86±0.20 vs 1.87±0.20 vs 1.21±0.21, p&lt;0.05), (2) doxorubicin (100 nM) (0 vs 0.5 vs 2 vs 4 hr: 1 vs 0.70±0.22 vs 1.75±0.26 vs 1.84±0.24, p&lt;0.05) and (3) hypoxia (1% O2) (0 vs 0.5 vs 2 vs 4 hr: 1 vs 1.70±0.06 vs 1.49±0.22 vs 2.07±0.35, p&lt;0.05). Recombinant TEM1 (rTEM1) promoted proliferation of H9C2 cells (saline vs rTEM1 50 vs 100 vs 250 nM, BrdU absorbance: 1.23±0.03 vs 1.36±0.03 vs 1.37±0.05 vs 1.38±0.02, p&lt;0.05), reduced doxorubicin (1uM)-induced apoptosis (apoptosis ratio: 1 vs 0.89±0.02 vs 0.91±0.01 vs 0.88±0.05, p&lt;0.05), increased cell hypertrophy (cell area ratio: 1 vs 1.11±0.21 vs 1.51±0.18 vs 1.63±0.13, p&lt;0.05) and increased collagen production from CMs (collagen 3 Western blot ratio: 1 vs 1.49±0.15 vs 1.53±0.19 vs 1.29±0.24, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Our study results indicate that TEM1 is upregulated in CMs after cardiac injury and influences the cell behaviors of CMs that related to cardiac remodeling.
Cigarette smoke exposure and alveolar macrophages: mechanisms for lung disease
Authors: Sebastian T Lugg, Aaron Scott, Dhruv Parekh, Babu Naidu, David R Thickett
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. It causes chronic lung disease and predisposes individuals to acute lung injury and pulmonary infection. Alveolar macrophages are sentinel cells strategically positioned in the interface between the airway lumen and the alveolar spaces. These are the most abundant immune cells and are the first line of defence against inhaled particulates and pathogens. Recently, there has been a better understanding about the ontogeny, phenotype and function of alveolar macrophages and their role, not only in phagocytosis, but also in initiating and resolving immune response. Many of the functions of the alveolar macrophage have been shown to be dysregulated following exposure to cigarette smoke. While the mechanisms for these changes remain poorly understood, they are important in the understanding of cigarette smoking-induced lung disease. We review the mechanisms by which smoking influences alveolar macrophage: (1) recruitment, (2) phenotype, (3) immune function (bacterial killing, phagocytosis, proteinase/anti-proteinase release and reactive oxygen species production) and (4) homeostasis (surfactant/lipid processing, iron homeostasis and efferocytosis). Further understanding of the mechanisms of cigarette smoking on alveolar macrophages and other lung monocyte/macrophage populations may allow novel ways of restoring cellular function in those patients who have stopped smoking in order to reduce the risk of subsequent infection or further lung injury.
Abstract 15964: Improving the Care of Frail or Vulnerable Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Shreya Sarkar, Jeffrey MacLeod, Ansar Hassan, Keith Brunt, Jean-François Légaré
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: Increasingly frail/ vulnerable patients are undergoing cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was, Phase 1: Create a hospital record-based Frailty Index (FI) to better quantify frailty in cardiac surgery &amp;, Phase 2: Implement a novel Telehealth Home monitoring Enhanced- Frailty After Cardiac Surgery (THE-FACS) intervention to improve outcomes. Methods: Phase 1: A 21clinical deficit-based retrospective FI was created using New Brunswick Heart Centre registry, patients grouped into terciles &amp; evaluated for prolonged hospitalization, discharge disposition. Phase 2: Vulnerable patients were recruited prospectively to test the applicability of THE-FACS, which used a tablet device to monitor patient responses daily for 30 days. Trained cardiac surgery follow-up (F/U) nurses monitored the data &amp; contacted patients only if the algorithm triggered an alert. Primary outcomes of interest were prolonged hospitalization, non-home discharge &amp; hospital readmission. Results: Phase 1: A FI was constructed with records from 3463 cardiac surgery patients. The most frail patients (n= 898, 26 %) had prolonged hospitalization (7 days vs. 5 days; p&lt; 0.001), non-home discharge (49 % vs. 17 %; p&lt; 0.001), higher 30 day readmission (18 % vs. 10 %; p&lt; 0.001) &amp; mortality (4.8 % vs. 0.7 %; p&lt; 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that FI was an independent predictor of composite outcome. Phase 2: Vulnerable patients (64 from 86 approached) were prospectively recruited, representing 34 % of potential surgeries (86/ 254). Several patients required prolonged hospitalization (15/ 64) or non-home discharge (12/ 64). THE-FACS was used in the remaining 35/ 64 patients. 21/ 35 patients completed the 30 day F/U, largely due to technical difficulties with the system. There were few ER visits (10 %) &amp; no readmission, with THE-FACS being easy (100 %), satisfactory (95 %) &amp; amenable to re-use (67 %). Conclusions: Our study highlights that frailty, affecting ~1/3 rd of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, significantly impacts outcomes. Findings from our pilot, THE-FACS, support the feasibility of targeted interventions in some vulnerable patients. However, our results suggest frequent technical challenges &amp; inability to use early in many patients due to delayed discharge.