tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood vaccinations: playing catch-up
Authors: None The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had huge indirect effects on health and health-care systems around the world, with one of the most severely affected being routine child immunisation services. A new report by WHO and UNICEF, published on July 15, outlines in stark numbers the result of the pandemic on childhood vaccinations worldwide. Coverage of the third-dose vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP3) dropped to 83% in 2020, from 86% in 2019, such that almost 23 million children were either unvaccinated or undervaccinated—almost 4 million more in 2020 than in 2019.
The Mouse Gastrointestinal Bacteria Catalogue enables translation between the mouse and human gut microbiotas via functional mapping
Authors: Benjamin S. Beresford-Jones, Samuel C. Forster, Mark D. Stares, George Notley, Elisa Viciani, Hilary P. Browne, Daniel J. Boehmler, Amelia T. Soderholm, Nitin Kumar, Kevin Vervier, Justin R. Cross, Alexandre Almeida, Trevor D. Lawley, Virginia A. Pedicord
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2021)

Human health and disease have increasingly been shown to be impacted by the gut microbiota, and mouse models are essential for investigating these effects. However, the compositions of human and mouse gut microbiotas are distinct, limiting translation of microbiota research between these hosts. To address this, we constructed the Mouse Gastrointestinal Bacteria Catalogue (MGBC), a repository of 26,640 high-quality mouse microbiota-derived bacterial genomes. This catalog enables species-level analyses for mapping functions of interest and identifying functionally equivalent taxa between the microbiotas of humans and mice. We have complemented this with a publicly deposited collection of 223 bacterial isolates, including 62 previously uncultured species, to facilitate experimental investigation of individual commensal bacteria functions in vitro and in vivo. Together, these resources provide the ability to identify and test functionally equivalent members of the host-specific gut microbiotas of humans and mice and support the informed use of mouse models in human microbiota research.
PPIL4 is essential for brain angiogenesis and implicated in intracranial aneurysms in humans
Authors: Tanyeri Barak, Emma Ristori, A. Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek, Danielle F. Miyagishima, Carol Nelson-Williams, Weilai Dong, Sheng Chih Jin, Andrew Prendergast, William Armero, Octavian Henegariu, E. Zeynep Erson-Omay, Akdes Serin Harmancı, Mikhael Guy, Batur Gültekin, Deniz Kilic, Devendra K. Rai, Nükte Goc, Stephanie Marie Aguilera, Burcu Gülez, Selin Altinok, Kent Ozcan, Yanki Yarman, Süleyman Coskun, Emily Sempou, Engin Deniz, Jared Hintzen, Andrew Cox, Elena Fomchenko, Su Woong Jung, Ali Kemal Ozturk, Angeliki Louvi, Kaya Bilgüvar, E. Sander Connolly, Mustafa K. Khokha, Kristopher T. Kahle, Katsuhito Yasuno, Richard P. Lifton, Ketu Mishra-Gorur, Stefania Nicoli, Murat Günel
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)
Abstract 10276: Impact of Time-to-Compression on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival Outcomes: A National Registry Study
Authors: Jia Ling Goh, Pin Pin Pek, Stephanie Fook-Chong, Andrew Ho, Benjamin S Leong, Desmond Mao, Wei Ming Ng, LING TIAH, Michael Chia, Lai Peng Tham, Nur Shahidah, Shalini Arulanandam, Marcus E Ong
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Time To first Compression (TTC) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) is thought to be an important predictor of survival outcomes. Guidelines such as the Journal of American College of Cardiology Scientific Expert Panel recommend that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) should not be used on OHCA patients with TTC &gt; 10 minutes. However, there is no literature validating this exclusion criterion on OHCA survival and neurological outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the difference in neurological outcomes and survival to discharge of patients with CPR administered after 10 minutes, compared to within 10 minutes. Methodology: Data of OHCAs from 2012-2017 in Singapore were extracted from our national OHCA registry. We compared patients who received CPR within 10 minutes versus those who received CPR after 10 minutes. Primary outcomes were favorable cerebral performance (Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories 1 and 2), and secondary were survival to hospital discharge or 30-day-survival. Results: There were 12,771 OHCAs analyzed, with 5,704 patients with TTC &lt;/=10 minutes and 7,067 with TTC &gt;10 minutes. Fewer patients survived to hospital discharge/30 th day with TTC &gt; 10 minutes (aOR 0.43, 95%CI: 0.32-0.58) and survival with good neurological outcomes was lower (aOR 0.51; 95%CI: 0.41-0.62). Other significant predictors of good neurological outcomes included age (aOR 0.98, 95%CI: 0.98 - 0.99), witnessed arrest (aOR 2.39, 95%CI: 1.69-3.40), bystander AED (aOR 1.55, 95%CI: 1.12-2.26), and presence of shockable rhythm (aOR 8.76, 95%CI: 7.12-10.78). A cut-off of 17.5 minutes (aOR 0.43, 95%CI:0.28-0.65) resulted in &lt;1% (127 out of 12,771) chance of survival with good neurological function based on the medical definition of Futility (specificity 0.84 sensitivity 0.84 ROC 0.91). Conclusion: Our study showed that there is a significant difference in survival and favourable neurological outcomes when TTC was &gt;10 minutes. However, more data-driven cut-off timings/criteria should be considered instead of the arbitrary 10 minutes for eligibility of ECMO therapy.
Abstract 10029: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Assessments for the Prediction of Neurological Outcome in the Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ryosuke Takegawa, Kei Hayashida, Santiago Miyara, Rishabh Choudhary, Houman Khalili, Yusuke Endo, Tomoaki Aoki, Koichiro Shinozaki, Lance B Becker
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Clinical studies have demonstrated that the initial rapid decrement in regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO 2 ) level by near-infrared spectroscopy shortly after ROSC was associated with good neurological outcomes. Aim: To evaluate whether the timing of rSO 2 decline shortly after ROSC reflects the severity of brain injury in a well-established rat model of CA/CPR. Methods: We used a total of 85 Wister SD rats (male, 435.2±3.1 g).To produce variable severities of brain injury, CA was induced by different asphyxial times and resuscitated by finger chest compressions and mechanical ventilation. Survival time was recorded for 72 hours after ROSC. Daily neurofunctional scores (NFS) were evaluated by an investigator blinded to the experiments. Electroencephalography (EEG), immunohistochemistry, plasma IL-6, and the gene expressions of cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, HMGB-1) and mitochondrial fission-related proteins (Dnm1L, Fis1, Mief1) in the brain were also evaluated. Result: Animals in the 12-min CA group exhibited a longer time to EEG recovery after CA/CPR compared with the 6-min group (P&lt;.0001), suggesting the longer CA duration induces a delayed brain electrical recovery. Time from ROSC to achieving the initial minimum rSO 2 value (defined as T nadir ) was significantly prolonged as CA time increased; 15.3 ± 2.3, 32.1 ± 22.1, and 44.0 ± 2.8 min in 6, 9, and 12min CA, respectively (ANOVA: P&lt;.0001). T nadir cut-off of 24-min provided the optimal sensitivity and specificity for predicting good neurologic outcomes (NFS≥60%) at 72 hours after ROSC (AUC, 0.88; sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 86%; P&lt;.01). T nadir showed a better predictive power for the good neurological outcome compared with plasma IL-6. Immunohistochemistry at 24 hours post-CA revealed that FJB-positive degenerating neurons in cortex, caudoputamen, and hippocampus were conspicuous in animals with T nadir &gt;24-min, but not in animals with T nadir ≤24-min. Animals with T nadir &gt;24 tended to have a higher gene expression level of IL-6 in the brain at 2 hours post-ROSC compared to those with T nadir ≤24. T nadir did not show associations with other inflammatory or mitochondrial fission markers. Conclusion: T nadir can be a novel predictor for a good neurological outcome after CA/CPR.
Biosimulation Using the Cellworks Computational Omics Biology Model (CBM)-Based Assessment of Cytarabine (ARA-C) and Anthracycline Response and Novel Biomarker Response Criteria for the Addition of Etoposide (VP16) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Authors: Michael Castro, Scott C Howard, Ansu Kumar, Vivek Patil, Swati Khandelwal, Drew Watson, Shweta Kapoor, Pallavi Kumari, Samiksha Avinash Prasad, Neha Gupta, Neelesh Lunkad, Upasana Mitra, Poornachandra G, Chandan Kumar, Sayantani Roy Choudhury, Shruthi Kulkarni, Ashish Choudhary, Annapoorna Prakash, Zakir Husain, Adity Ghosh, Yugandhara Narvekar, Anish Raju R Amara, Velkuru Yuvavani, Sanjana Patel, Michele Dundas Macpherson, Guido Marcucci
Journal: Blood (2021)
Recurrent Ovarian Cancer — Sculpting a Promising Future with Surgery
Authors: Ginger J. Gardner, Dennis S. Chi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

The combination of surgery and chemotherapy is a hallmark of the management of ovarian cancer.1 Although surgery is an integral component of management of this disease, its role in recurrent disease has been a topic of debate. After the collection of decades of data from retrospective studies,2 the results of prospective, randomized trials to guide management are now becoming available. In this issue of the Journal, Harter et al.3 report the results of the Descriptive Evaluation of Preoperative Selection Criteria for Operability in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer (DESKTOP) III trial, a randomized, phase 3 trial that evaluated secondary cytoreductive surgery in . . .
Clinical Translation of SC-DARIC33: A Pharmacologically Controlled CD33-Targeted Anti-AML CAR T Cell Product Regulated By Low Nanomolar Concentrations of Rapamycin
Authors: Jacob S. Appelbaum, April Price, Joy Zhang, Kaori Oda, Sumati Sundaram, Paula Lewis, Sanela Bilic, Giacomo Tampella, Dong Xia, Anne-Rachel Krostag, Pauline So, Unja Martin, Wai-Hang Leung, Alexander Astrakhan, Mark Pogson, Jordan Jarjour, Josh Gustafson, Michael CV Jensen
Journal: Blood (2021)
Association of Physician Characteristics With Early Adoption of Virtual Health Care
Authors: Kori S. Zachrison, Zhiyu Yan, Margaret E. Samuels-Kalow, Adam Licurse, Gianna Zuccotti, Lee H. Schwamm
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

The rapid transition to virtual health care has depended on physician and patient abilities to adopt new technology and workflows. Physicians transitioning more slowly or not at all could result in access challenges for their patients.To identify physician characteristics associated with the transition to virtual health care in a large regional health care system.This retrospective cross-sectional study uses administrative health system databases to analyze data from all 3473 physicians providing ambulatory care through a large New England health care system, which includes 12 hospitals and their ambulatory practices, from October 1, 2019, through December 31, 2020.Physicians characterized based on gender, popularized generational demographic cohort (Silent Generation, born 1928-1945; Baby Boomers, born 1946-1964; Generation X, born 1965-1980; and Millennials, born 1981-1996), specialty (behavioral health, primary care, medical, and surgical), and hospital affiliation as well as selected patient characteristics (number of visits and proportion of patients with self-pay or Medicaid insurance, aged 65 years or older, preference for speaking a language other than English, from a racial or ethnic minority group, and with an active patient portal).Early adoption of virtual health care. Bivariate comparisons were made, and regression modeling was used to examine characteristics associated with the likelihood of early adoption of virtual health care.Of 3473 physicians conducting ambulatory visits during the study period, 1624 (46.8%) were women, 83 (2.4%) were in the Silent Generation, 994 (28.6%) were Baby Boomers, 1637 (47.1%) were in Generation X, and 759 (21.9%) were Millennials. There were 1649 physicians (47.5%) in medical specialties, 749 physicians (21.6%) in surgical specialties, and 248 physicians (7.1%) in behavioral health. After accounting for other characteristics, female (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06-1.44), behavioral health (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 2.11-4.04), and primary care (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.36-2.09) physicians had greater odds of being early adopters, and physicians in the Silent Generation (OR, 0.39, 95% CI, 0.24-0.65) and in surgical specialties (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.38-0.57) were less likely to be early adopters. Patient characteristics were less strongly associated with physician adoption.In this cross-sectional study, there was physician-level variation in the adoption of virtual health care, with female, primary care, and behavioral health physicians in this system most likely to lead the transformation to virtual health care.
TAMI-24. INHIBITION OF GBM INVASION BY THE Α-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-5-METHYL-4-ISOXAZOLEPROPIONIC ACID (AMPA) GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST PERAMPANEL
Authors: Katharina Sarnow, Georgia Kanli, Olivier Keunen, Rolf Bjerkvig
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Extensive tumor cell invasion within the brain represents a major problem for effective treatment of glioblastomas (GBMs). The invasive processes can be divided into three types: Collective cell invasion, perivascular infiltration, and single-cell invasion into the brain parenchyma. GBM cells can form synapses with neural cells pointing at an extensive communication network between brain and GBM cells which can be mediated via the metabolites Glutamine and Glutamate both needed for GBM cell proliferation. In this context, it has been shown in preclinical models that Perampanel, an antiepileptic agent, functioning as non-competitive α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor antagonist, has an inhibitory effect on GBM growth. To delineate how Perampanel affects GBM invasion, we utilised a highly characterized 3D GBM-brain organoid invasion model where single-cell invasion was studied in real-time following Perampanel treatment. METHODS A brain coculture model, consisting of rat brain organoids expressing various markers of the human adult brain, where confronted with GFP-labelled tumor cells. By using time-lapse confocal microscopy, we quantified single-cell invasion patterns and speed of invasion using two glioma stem cell models (BG5 and BG7). RESULTS Perampanel treatment significantly reduces tumor cell invasion into the brain organoids with the strongest effect seen in the most invasive GBM (BG5). The single-tumor cell invasion ratio was reduced by 72 % compared to the control (p= 0.0033). In contrast, collective cell invasion was reduced by 19 % (p= 0.028). Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired sample t-test. CONCLUSION The AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist Perampanel significantly inhibits GBM invasion, suggesting an important role of the glutamate-glutamine cycle between the GBM cells and neurons in the invasion process. Moreover, this communication and exchange of metabolites seem to be more prominent where single GBM cells invade into the brain parenchyma compared to areas where collective invasion take place.
Tirzepatide Tested for Type 2 Diabetes With High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Central nervous system screening in capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome: An observational study
Authors: Olivia Boccara, Juliette Mazereeuw, Ludovic Martin, Didier Bessis, Thomas Hubiche, Christine Chiaverini, Anne Dompmartin, Stéphanie Mallet, Juliette Miquel, Hélène Aubert, Eve Puzenat, Claire Abasq, Laurence Gusdorf, Smail Hadj-Rabia, Annabel Maruani
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Characteristics and Outcomes of Non-Transplanted Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) Initiating Treatment with Bortezomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone (VRd) As First-Line of Therapy
Authors: Rohan Medhekar, Tao Ran, Alex Z. Fu, Sharmila Patel, Shuchita Kaila
Journal: Blood (2021)
The number sense does not represent numbers, but cardinality comparisons
Authors: José Luis Bermúdez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract Against Clarke and Beck's proposal that the approximate number system (ANS) represents natural and rational numbers, I suggest that the experimental evidence is better accommodated by the (much weaker) thesis that the ANS represents cardinality comparisons. Cardinality comparisons do not stand in arithmetical relations and being able to apply them does not involve basic arithmetical concepts and operations.
187P Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization leads to the expansion of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: T. Aristova, T. Tyrinova, E. Batorov, V. Sergeevicheva, S. Sizikova, G. Ushakova, A. Ostanin, E. Chernykh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Correction: YAP Suppresses Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via Deregulation of the DNp63–GPX2 Axis and ROS Accumulation
Authors: Hsinyi Huang, Wenjing Zhang, Yafang Pan, Yijun Gao, Lei Deng, Fuming Li, Fei Li, Xueyan Ma, Shenda Hou, Jing Xu, Peixue Li, Xiaoxun Li, Guohong Hu, Cheng Li, Haiquan Chen, Lei Zhang, Hongbin Ji
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

In the original version of this article (1), there are errors in Figs. 4D and 5B. Specifically, in Fig. 4D, the CRL-5889 DCFH-DA staining image was mistakenly used with the L78 staining image. In addition, the L78 Western blot images of Fig. 5B were erroneously used with the HTB-182 Western blot images. The correct images have been provided, and the errors have been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret these errors.
Abstract 8875: Early Compared to Late Administration of Epinephrine in Adults With Shockable Initial Rhythm Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Shengyuan Luo, Liwen Gu, Wanwan Zhang, Yongshu Zhang, Wankun Li, Feipeng Qiu, Guanchun Zhang, Jun Tao, Yan Xiong, Ahamed H Idris
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: The optimal timing of epinephrine administration in shockable initial rhythm out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is unclear. Hypothesis: Early compared to late epinephrine following first electrical defibrillation attempt is associated with better outcomes in shockable initial rhythm OHCA. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in adults with shockable initial rhythm OHCA from 2011-2015 in North America. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between timing of epinephrine and prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival to hospital discharge, and hospital discharge with favorable neurological outcome (modified Rankin Scale score≤3). We used propensity-score-matching and subgroup analyses to assess robustness of associations. Results: Of 6416 patients, median age was 64 (IQR: 54-74) years, 5136 (80%) were men, 2226 (35%) received epinephrine within four minutes after first defibrillation, 5119 (80%), 1237 (19%), and 996 (16%) had prehospital ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, and favorable neurological outcome at discharge respectively. Adjusted for confounders, we observed lower odds of prehospital ROSC (OR=0.95, 95%CI 0.94-0.96; p&lt;0.001), survival to hospital discharge (OR=0.91, 95%CI 0.89-0.92; p&lt;0.001), and favorable neurological outcomes at discharge (OR=0.92, 95%CI 0.90-0.93; p&lt;0.001) per minute later epinephrine administration. Compared to epinephrine administration within four minutes following first defibrillation attempt, later epinephrine was associated with lower odds of prehospital ROSC (OR=0.58, 95%CI 0.51-0.68; p&lt;0.001), survival to hospital discharge (OR=0.50, 95%CI 0.43-0.58; p&lt;0.001), and favorable neurological outcome at discharge (OR=0.51, 95%CI 0.43-0.59; p&lt;0.001). Associations remained significant in a well-balanced propensity score matched cohort and subgroup analyses by witness status, EMS response time, and total epinephrine dose. Conclusion: In shockable initial rhythm OHCA, early compared to late epinephrine administration following first defibrillation attempt was associated with better odds of prehospital ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, and hospital discharge with favorable neurological outcome.
Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (delta) variant in a nursing home 28 weeks after two doses of mRNA anti-COVID-19 vaccines: evidence of a waning immunity
Authors: Alice Pierobon, Alessandra Dal Zotto, Antonio Antico, Mario Ernesto De Antoni, Liviano Vianello, Monica Gennari, Antonio Di Caprio, Francesca Russo, Gianfranco Brambilla, Mario Saugo
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2021)
Comprehensive Analysis of Alternative Splicing in Gastric Cancer Identifies Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Subtypes Associated with Survival
Authors: Yukyung Jun, Yun-Suhk Suh, SungHee Park, Jieun Lee, Jong-Il Kim, Sanghyuk Lee, Wan-Ping Lee, Olga Anczuków, Han-Kwang Yang, Charles Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Alternatively spliced RNA isoforms are a hallmark of tumors, but their nature, prevalence, and clinical implications in gastric cancer have not been comprehensively characterized. We systematically profiled the splicing landscape of 83 gastric tumors and matched normal mucosa, identifying and experimentally validating eight splicing events that can classify all gastric cancers into three subtypes: epithelial-splicing (EpiS), mesenchymal-splicing (MesS), and hybrid-splicing. These subtypes were associated with distinct molecular signatures and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Subtype-specific splicing events were enriched in motifs for splicing factors RBM24 and ESRP1, which were upregulated in MesS and EpiS tumors, respectively. A simple classifier based only on RNA levels of RBM24 and ESRP1, which can be readily implemented in the clinic, was sufficient to distinguish gastric cancer subtypes and predict patient survival in multiple independent patient cohorts. Overall, this study provides insights into alternative splicing in gastric cancer and the potential clinical utility of splicing-based patient classification.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing in the context of patient classification, molecular mechanisms, and prognosis in gastric cancer.
Cytokine Analysis in 154 Patients with Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis: Jccg JPLSG TAM-10 Clinical Study
Authors: Genki Yamato, Myoung-Ja Park, Akira Shimada, Norio Shiba, Yoshiyuki Yamada, Kiminori Terui, Etsuro Ito, Hideki Muramatsu, Kenichiro Watanabe, Yasuhide Hayashi
Journal: Blood (2021)