tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving oral examinations
Authors: L M Campbell, T S Murray
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Committees should devise special forms for the social sciences ED1TOR,-We welcome the recent editorial and papers on research ethics committees,'4 which were published at the time when we were revising our ethical and scientific standards.Our organisa- tion deals with questionnaire surveys relating to reproductive health carried out in various European and Asian countries.We are all too familiar with the problems recognised in the articles.In our view, many are related to the fact that, apart from general principles of scientific credibility and quality, there are no clear guidelines about the ethical aspects of social medical research.Our organisation is a private one and, like many others, fumded by the pharmaceutical industry.The sponsor often generates suggestions for research.An international board of trustees, comprising four experts in reproductive health based in universities and the chairman (DdeW), reviews the suggestions as well as the protocols subsequently designed by the staff, determines the research programme, and carries responsibility for the scientific quality of the activities undertaken.Given the source of funding and suggestions for research, we felt we needed to be explicit about our procedures.We were also motivated by experiences with some research ethics committees, which reacted to our protocols as if we were amateurs even though most of our studies have been published in peer reviewed journals.We therefore decided to submit, for each study, the protocols and memorandum explaining our ethical, methodological, and data management standards to research ethics committees, even when their approval is not formally required by national regulations.We have found that it is often not clear which committees, if any, are in charge of national surveys of knowledge, attitudes, and practice.In the case of clinic based surveys, none of the committees approached ever sent us forms that were specially adapted for social medical studies.We share Garfield's experience of in- consistent (and sometimes conflicting) recom- mendations of various committees for the same study.3Our initiative to develop standards was related to our specific source of funding.In our experience, however, there is a wider need for clear and uniform ethical guidance for researchers and ethics committees involved in social medical research.Our standards are available on request for critical comments and wider use.
The Potential of Iron Chelators of the Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Class as Effective Antiproliferative Agents II: The Mechanism of Action of Ligands Derived From Salicylaldehyde Benzoyl Hydrazone and 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthylaldehyde Benzoyl Hydrazone
Authors: D.R. Richardson, K. Milnes
Journal: Blood (1997)
Analyses of thrombocytopenia in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura- prone mice by platelet transfer experiments between (NZW x BXSB)F1 and normal mice
Authors: H Mizutani, T Furubayashi, A Kuriu, H Take, Y Tomiyama, H Yoshida, Y Nakamura, M Inaba, Y Kurata, T Yonezawa
Journal: Blood (1990)
Evaluating "payback" on biomedical research
Authors: I. Chalmers, J. Grant, R. Cottrell, G. Fawcett, F. Cluzeau
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Intestinal diseases can share clinical symptoms and gut microbiome alterations, necessitating cross-disease comparisons and the use of multi-disease models. Here, we performed meta-analyses on fecal metagenomes of Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), and identified 65 marker species and 74 marker pathways that were significantly altered in &gt;=2 studies of the same disease. We grouped marker species by their co-occurrences into disease-specific and mixed clusters according to whether all the cluster members belong to the same disease, and revealed their distinct phylogenetic relationships: species in disease-specific clusters are phylogenetically related, while those in mixed clusters are more distant; strikingly, UC- and CRC-specific species are phylogenetically closer than to CD-specific ones, likely because UC-patients have higher risk of CRC. Consistent to their phylogenetic relationships, marker species had similar within-cluster and different between-cluster metabolic preferences. In CD and CRC, most marker species correlated with an indicator of leaky gut, suggesting a link between gut dysbiosis and human derived contents. In fact, our results suggested that due to physio-metabolic alterations, the diseased gut may represent a stressed environment and pose stronger selection to gut microbes; consequently, marker species in diseases showed more coordinated changes than the controls. With the marker species and pathways, we constructed three high-performance (including multi-disease) models with AUROC of 0.88 and true positive rates up to 89%, and explained their putative clinical applications. Together, our results improved our understanding on the relationships among common intestinal diseases, and strongly support the feasibility of metagenome-based multi-disease diagnosis.
Ponatinib In Patients (pts) With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ ALL) Resistant Or Intolerant To Dasatinib Or Nilotinib, Or With The T315I BCR-ABL Mutation: 2-Year Follow-Up Of The PACE Trial
Authors: Jorge E. Cortes, Dong-Wook Kim, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Philipp D le Coutre, Ronald Paquette, Charles Chuah, Franck E. Nicolini, Jane F Apperley, H. Jean Khoury, Moshe Talpaz, John F. DiPersio, Daniel J DeAngelo, Elisabetta Abruzzese, Delphine Rea, Michele Baccarani, Martin C. Müller, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Stephanie Lustgarten, Victor M. Rivera, Tim Clackson, Christopher D Turner, Frank G Haluska, François Guilhot, Michael W. Deininger, Andreas Hochhaus, Timothy P. Hughes, John M Goldman, Neil P. Shah, Hagop M. Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2013)
CD19-Targeted 19-28z CAR Modified Autologous T Cells Induce High Rates of Complete Remission and Durable Responses in Adult Patients with Relapsed, Refractory B-Cell ALL
Authors: Jae H Park, Isabelle Riviere, Xiuyan Wang, Yvette J Bernal, Sarah Yoo, Terrence Purdon, Elizabeth Halton, Hilda Quintanilla, Kevin J. Curran, Craig S. Sauter, Marco L Davila, Michel Sadelain, Renier J. Brentjens
Journal: Blood (2014)
Interaction analysis of <i>hMLH1</i> missense variants in patients selected for HNPCC syndrome
Authors: L. Belvederesi, F. Bianchi, C. Loretelli, D. Gagliardini, S. Rosati, R. Catalani, E. Galizia, R. Bracci, E. Porfiri, R. Cellerino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

9690 Background: Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) is linked to inherited mutations in genes involved in postreplicative DNA MisMatch Repair (MMR). It is estimated that about 30% of hMLH1 mutations results in a single amino acid change with uncertain pathological significance (missense mutations). Here we describe four hMLH1 missense mutations which were found in five patients with suspected HNPCC. The ability of these variants to interact with hPMS2 was assessed in vitro. In addition we correlated these genetic variants with the clinical and pathologic features of the patients. Methods: Five patients harbouring 4 hMLH1 missense mutations which were, either novel mutations or mutations for which a link to HNPCC was previously suggested, were identified among those who were referred to our Department for genetic counselling. Genetic studies included mutation analysis of hMLH1 and hMSH2 by direct sequencing, assessment of MSI (MSI: MicroSatellite Instability as determined in a panel of 13 loci) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of hMLH1 and hMSH2. Using a PCR-based site-direct mutagenesis method we generated the 4 hMLH1 missense mutations (Y646C, P648S, L559R, K618A) detected in our patients and we studied their interaction with normal hPMS2. Results: (see table) Conclusions: Our observations confirm: a) the possibility to perform a test assessing the biological consequences of missense mutations; b) the possible role of missense mutation in the pathogenesis of HNPCC. Author Disclosure Results Family Nucleotidechange AA change Nature AA change Conserved residue MSI IHC hMLH1 Interaction hHMLH1/hPMS2 Fam 1 TAT-TGT exon 17 Y646C Polar to non polar yes 23% - - Fam 2 CCC-TCC exon 17 P648S Non polar to polar yes 23% + - Fam 3 CTG-CGG exon 15 L559R Non polar to positive charged yes 15% - - Fam 4 AAG-GCG exon 16 K618A Positive charged to non polar yes 15% - +/- Fam 5 TAT-TGT exon 17 Y646C Polar to non polar yes 8% - - No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Alcohol book fails to declare an interest
Authors: Rhona MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A book on the health effects of alcohol was published last year without any acknowledgment that it had been financed by the alcohol industry.

In an editorial in this month's issue of Addiction (2001;96:197-202) Dr Griffith Edwards, the journal's editor, and Susan Savva, its book review editor, heavily criticised the International Life Science Institute (ILSI) Europe, an organisation supported by the alcohol industry, for failing to declare a conflict of interest. It had submitted the book, Health Issues Related to Alcohol Consumption, to the journal for review. 

The institute is a scientific organisation for the food and drinks industry, and in the foreword of the book Peter de Vogel, former …
Causes problems for doctors
Authors: S. J Pearce
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Table 1-Correlation coefficients between height and waist circumference in subjects identified by waist circum- ference action level 1 (94 cm in men and 80 cm in women) Men WomenWaist <94 cm Waist ¢94 cm Waist <80 cm Waist ¢80 cm Age (years) No
Molecular epidemiological typing within the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Programme reveals predominance of a multidrug-resistant clone
Authors: S A Chisholm, M Unemo, N Quaye, E Johansson, M J Cole, C A Ison, M JW Van de Laar
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Treatment of gonorrhoea is threatened by antimicrobial resistance, and decreased susceptibility and resistance to recommended therapies is emerging in Europe. Current associations between resistance and molecular type remain poorly understood. Gonococcal isolates (n=1,066) collected for the 2009 and 2010 European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme were typed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST). A total of 406 sequence types (STs) were identified, 125 of which occurred in ≥two isolates. Seven major genogroups of closely related STs (varying by ≤1% at just one of the two target loci) were defined. Genogroup 1407 (G1407), observed in 20/21 countries and predominant in 13/21 countries, accounted for 23% of all isolates and was associated with decreased susceptibility to cefixime and resistance to ciprofloxacin and raised minimum inhibitory concentrations for ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Genogroup 225 (G225), associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, was observed in 10% of isolates from 19/21 countries. None of the other genogroups were associated with antimicrobial resistance. The predominance of a multidrug-resistant clone (G1407) in Europe is worrying given the recent reports of recommended third generation cephalosporins failing to treat infections with this clone. Identifying associations between ST and antimicrobial resistance aids the understanding of the dissemination of resistant clones within a population and could facilitate development of targeted intervention strategies.
Abstract 14117: Predictors of Incident Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease in Stable Outpatients: The International REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry
Authors: Dharam J Kumbhani, Alan T Hirsch, Carin H Han, Fang Ren, Shinya Goto, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Deepak L Bhatt
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives: Although epidemiological studies have identified classical risk factors that predict incident atherosclerotic disease in men and women, limited data exist on the relative contribution o...
Consider palliative coronary intervention
Authors: Michael R Chester
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The recommendation by Yank et al, that pharma sponsored drug trials should be interpreted with caution, is well made.1 Most percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures entail the implantation of a coronary stent. Most stent studies are funded by equipment manufacturers and are designed and conducted by researchers who believe in coronary intervention despite the lack …
A Strategic Plan for the Elimination of Tuberculosis in the United States
Authors: W R Dowdle
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P-Glycoprotein Expression on Normal and Abnormally Expanded Natural Killer Cells and Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein Function by Cyclosporin A and Its Analogue, PSC833
Authors: Motoki Egashira, Norihiko Kawamata, Koichi Sugimoto, Takako Kaneko, Kazuo Oshimi
Journal: Blood (1999)
Abstract 1532: Combined Prognostic Value Of Self-rating Depression Scores And Plasma B-type Natriuretic Peptide In Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: John Parissis, Maria Nikolaou, Dimitrios Farmakis, Vasiliki Bistola, Katerina Fountoulaki, Gerasimos Filippatos, Dimitrios Kremastinos
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Abstract 12314: Sex Differences in Symptoms Reported to Emergency Medical Dispatch in Acute Myocardial Infarction - Impact on Prehospital Delay
Authors: Linda L Coventry, Ian G Jacobs, Judith Finn
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background The management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is time critical. Improved patient outcomes are associated with reduced time from symptom onset to definitive care. Previous studies h...
Abstract 12412: Inhibition of P2X7 Receptor Signaling Promotes Adverse Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction through Enhanced Cardiac Fibroblast Migration
Authors: Kumagai Shohei, Nakayama Hiroyuki, Miyawaki Akimitsu, Mohri Tomomi, Fujio Yasushi
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a member of the P2X receptor family which is comprised of ligand-gated ion channels. P2X7R is mainly expressed on macrophages and monocytes and activated by ATP...
Abstract 17386: The Survival Impact of Genetic and Chromosomal Aberrations, Non-Cardiac Congenital Defects and Acquired Baseline Morbidity on Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease. How Does the “Perfect” Child Fare?
Authors: Edward J Hickey, Yaroslavna Nosikova, Christopher A Caldarone, Andrew Redington, Glen S Van Arsdell
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Genetic aberrations, congenital non-cardiac defects and baseline acquired co-morbidities greatly hamper counseling, prognostication and decision-management for neonates with congenital heart defects. We aimed to define the relative risks of these factors. Methods Over 10 years, we have admitted 1618 neonates &lt;30 days with congenital heart defects. For all 1618, consults throughout follow-up were reviewed including genetic consults (318), FISH results (246), cardiology clinics and in-patient progress. Outcomes were analyzed via parametric modeling with multivariate risk-adjusted regression. All risk factors were tested for reliability through bootstrap bagging (N=1000). Results Genetic defects were confirmed in 180 (11%). Aberrations included duplications (98; T21=56, T18=21, T10=13), Ch22 defects (47), Turner (4) and specific gene mutations. An additional 180 (11%) had defined clinical syndromes or congenital non-cardiac defects. Acquired non-cardiac co-morbidity at time of presentation was present in 244 (15%) (CNS=11; Resp=69; GIT=55; Renal=30; Sepsis=70), 144 of whom also had genetic defects. “Perfect” patients - lacking genetic, syndromic or acquired co-morbidites - comprised 1118 (69%). Comfort care was offered to 61 (Perfect=11; T18=21; T13=8; T21=1; Acquired=2). The actively managed 1557 showed late survival &gt;90% for the “perfect” patient. Genetic defects/syndromes and acquired co-morbidity strongly affected survival (figure). However in risk-adjusted analyses, chromosomal/gene defects were overshadowed by acquired morbidity or congenital defects affecting specific systems (table; CNS, Respiratory). Conclusions The “perfect” neonate with congenital hearts disease has an excellent prognosis. However, chromosomal/genetic aberrations do not necessarily imply poor outcome. Instead, acquired non-cardiac morbidity at time of presentation are stronger determinants of outcome.
Engagement of interleukin-7 receptor stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphoinositide turnover, and clonal proliferation of human T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: I Dibirdik, MC Langlie, JA Ledbetter, L Tuel-Ahlgren, V Obuz, KG Waddick, K Gajl-Peczalska, GL Schieven, FM Uckun
Journal: Blood (1991)
Selective Dysacusis — A Preliminary Report
Authors: A A Narula, S M Mason
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1988)

The symptom of poor speech discrimination in the presence of background noise is a well-recognized feature of elevated hearing thresholds due to cochlear damage. Similar symptoms occasionally occur in patients with no detectable audiological abnormality. In a study to evaluate the frequency selectivity of such patients consistent abnormalities were found using an electrophysiological technique based on extratympanic electrocochleography. These findings indicated that frequency specific responsiveness of the cochlea may be affected before conventional behavioural tests reveal abnormalities. This syndrome has been described as selective dysacusis.
Abstract 3513: Induction of Apoptosis in Endothelial Progenitor Cells by the Adipokine Resistin
Authors: Yanhua Zhang, Yanmin Zhang, Kieren J Mather, David A Ingram, Jalees Rehman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: The risk for atherosclerosis is higher in patients with significant obesity and is partly mediated by higher circulating levels of detrimental adipokines released by the adipose tissue. One such adipokine is resistin, which increases endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Little is known about its effect on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which participate in endothelial repair and angiogenesis. We therefore studied the effects of resistin on apoptosis and oxidative stress in EPCs. Methods: Human EPCs were obtained from umbilical cord blood by culturing mononuclear cells and identifying highly proliferative endothelial colonies. Mature human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were obtained from Cambrex (Baltimore, MD). Cells were exposed to varying doses of resistin. Apoptosis was measured by caspase-3 activation using the EnzCheck Caspase-3 Assay Kit (Molecular Probes, OR). Since oxidative stress is a pro-apoptotic pathway, we quantified oxidative stress using the fluorescent dye Dichlorofluorescein. Values for apoptosis and oxidative stress are given as relative fluorescence units. Results: Even a low dose of resistin (10 ng/ml) induced apoptosis in EPCs (Baseline vs 10 ng/ml: 977 ± 100 vs 1112 ± 129, p=0.03). However, at 100 ng/ml resistin the effect was more pronounced (1337 ± 92, p=0.02). Interestingly, this pro-apoptotic effect of resistin could not be observed in mature HAECs (Baseline: 1160 ± 277 vs. Resistin 10ng/ml: 964 ± 160), even at 100 ng/ml (1168 ± 138). Resistin treatment also increased oxidative stress in EPCs, and the peak effect occurred at the dose of 50 ng/ml (Baseline: 2053 ± 237 vs. Resistin 50 ng/ml: 4261 ± 1262). Similar to the apoptosis resilience, mature endothelial cells did not increase oxidative stress with resistin. Conclusion: Circulating levels of resistin can range from 10 ng/ml to 25 ng/ml, in lean subjects while levels found in obesity range from 40 –100 ng/ml. Our data shows that resistin in this physiologic and pathophysiologic range can affect the survival EPCs. Progenitor cells also appear to be more vulnerable to resistin that mature cells. We believe these findings will lead to new insight into the detrimental effects of resistin on the vasculature and develop vasculoprotective therapies.
Doctors' self rating of skills in evidence based medicine
Authors: J. Macleod
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—Young et al suggest that Australian general practitioners may be confused about certain basic epidemiological concepts.1 Responsibility for some of this confusion presumably lies with whoever taught them epidemiology.

Part of the problem is suggested by the opacity and ambiguity of some of the epidemiological expert definitions against which general practitioners' knowledge was assessed. For example, for relative risk the expert definition was “Relative risk estimates the magnitude of an association between exposure and disease.” So it does, but how does this definition distinguish relative risk from absolute risk?

Furthermore, for relative risk reduction the “correct” definition was “Relative risk reduction is calculated as (control event rate−experimental event rate)/control event rate).” We suspect that many epidemiologists would also “fail” if judged against this criterion, since this is not the only way in which relative risk reduction can be calculated.

Similarly, although it is true that number needed to treat is the reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction, knowledge of this fact is, arguably, irrelevant to the practical application of the concept.

The perception that epidemiology is difficult is likely to be reinforced by definitions such as these. This may intimidate non-epidemiologists from engaging in critical appraisal of research evidence. The key issue is that it is not necessary to be able to define something to be able to understand it. Furthermore, the ability to memorise a definition does not necessarily indicate understanding of the underlying concept. The emphasis in teaching epidemiology should be not on mathematical formulas but on conveying understanding and relevance for health workers. Concentrating on the mathematical aspects of the definitions may be a hindrance rather than help.

If the knowledge gap identified by Young et al is real we need to examine how we are currently teaching epidemiology. If we accept their conclusions then current methods seem to be failing.
Lesson of the week: Early diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum is important to prevent disfigurement
Authors: A J Harris, P Regan, S Burge
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Visual deprivation affects the responses of layer IV cells more prominently during early postnatal development, whereas responses in layer II/III remain modifiable until later ages. We examined whether these laminar differences correlate with changes in long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of the ascending pathways to layers IV and II/III in the mouse visual cortex. Our analysis revealed that LTP and LTD in layer IV principal cells is lost shortly after the eyes open, but persists in layers II/III beyond puberty. These results suggest that plasticity proceeds sequentially through cortical layers in a manner that parallels the flow of information during sensory processing.