tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospitalizations for COVID-19 Among US People Experiencing Incarceration or Homelessness
Authors: Martha P. Montgomery, Kai Hong, Kristie E. N. Clarke, Samantha Williams, Rena Fukunaga, Victoria L. Fields, Joohyun Park, Lyna Z. Schieber, Lyudmyla Kompaniyets, Colleen M. Ray, Lauren A. Lambert, Ashley S. D’Inverno, Tapas K. Ray, Alexiss Jeffers, Emily Mosites
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> People experiencing incarceration (PEI) and people experiencing homelessness (PEH) have an increased risk of COVID-19 exposure from congregate living, but data on their hospitalization course compared with that of the general population are limited. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare COVID-19 hospitalizations for PEI and PEH with hospitalizations among the general population. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional analysis used data from the Premier Healthcare Database on 3415 PEI and 9434 PEH who were evaluated in the emergency department or were hospitalized in more than 800 US hospitals for COVID-19 from April 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Incarceration or homelessness. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Hospitalization proportions were calculated. and outcomes (intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV], mortality, length of stay, and readmissions) among PEI and PEH were compared with outcomes for all patients with COVID-19 (not PEI or PEH). Multivariable regression was used to adjust for potential confounders. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 3415 PEI (2952 men [86.4%]; mean [SD] age, 50.8 [15.7] years) and 9434 PEH (6776 men [71.8%]; mean [SD] age, 50.1 [14.5] years) were evaluated in the emergency department for COVID-19 and were hospitalized more often (2170 of 3415 [63.5%] PEI; 6088 of 9434 [64.5%] PEH) than the general population (624 470 of 1 257 250 [49.7%]) (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Both PEI and PEH hospitalized for COVID-19 were more likely to be younger, male, and non-Hispanic Black than the general population. Hospitalized PEI had a higher frequency of IMV (410 [18.9%]; adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.30) and mortality (308 [14.2%]; aRR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11-1.47) than the general population (IMV, 88 897 [14.2%]; mortality, 84 725 [13.6%]). Hospitalized PEH had a lower frequency of IMV (606 [10.0%]; aRR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.58-0.70) and mortality (330 [5.4%]; aRR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.47-0.59) than the general population. Both PEI and PEH had longer mean (SD) lengths of stay (PEI, 9 [10] days; PEH, 11 [26] days) and a higher frequency of readmission (PEI, 128 [5.9%]; PEH, 519 [8.5%]) than the general population (mean [SD] length of stay, 8 [10] days; readmission, 28 493 [4.6%]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this cross-sectional study, a higher frequency of COVID-19 hospitalizations for PEI and PEH underscored the importance of adhering to recommended prevention measures. Expanding medical respite may reduce hospitalizations in these disproportionately affected populations.
MEK inhibition overcomes chemoimmunotherapy resistance by inducing CXCL10 in cancer cells
Authors: Emeric Limagne, Lisa Nuttin, Marion Thibaudin, Elise Jacquin, Romain Aucagne, Marjorie Bon, Solène Revy, Robby Barnestein, Elise Ballot, Caroline Truntzer, Valentin Derangère, Jean-David Fumet, Charlène Latour, Cédric Rébé, Pierre-Simon Bellaye, Coureche-Guillaume Kaderbhaï, Aodrenn Spill, Bertrand Collin, Mary B. Callanan, Aurélie Lagrange, Laure Favier, Bruno Coudert, Laurent Arnould, Sylvain Ladoire, Bertrand Routy, Philippe Joubert, François Ghiringhelli
Journal: Cancer Cell (2022)
Cervical screening and the new contract.
Journal: BMJ (1991)

to the new contract, I believe that it is important to acknowledge the impact of other improvements in the provision of primary care services.The improvement in the call system in Perth could be said to be the most significant change in service provision, which perhaps "kick started" the recent rise in coverage rates.Locally in South Glamorgan, where coverage is now 82%,' the increase in provision of cervical cytology in general practice started well before the new contract, aided by an improved call-recall scheme and the provision of improved training for practice nurses.In our practice we attributed coverage of over 80% in 1987 not only to the efficiency of the call system but also to the provision of a sensitive, flexible, and timely service.'Such qualities can more readily be provided in general practice than in a traditional cytology service based in a clinic.I do, however, concur with Dr Reid and col- leagues' comments about the need to modify the payment system.In particular I would strongly support the introduction of a "more extensive and graduated system of remuneration."This should provide improved rewards to those practices with high proportions of working class, immigrant, or mobile populations, where the task of improving coverage is most challenging and demands careful, sensitive, and time consuming work by the practice team.The present payment system often fails to reward such work, which requires diligent adherence to long established principles of primary care practice.
The Balance Players of the Adaptive Immune System
Authors: Mads Hald Andersen
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Equilibrium between immune activation and suppression may be necessary to maintain immune homeostasis, because proinflammatory effector T cells (defined as antiregulatory T cells) counteract the functions of regulatory immune cells. These self-reactive T cells recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted epitopes derived from proteins expressed by regulatory immune cells such as IDO, PD-L1, PD-L2, or arginase. The activation of such proinflammatory effector T cells offers a novel way to directly target the tumor microenvironment, potentially giving them considerable clinical value, especially in patients with cancer. Vaccination against genetically stable cells with regular HLA expression is an attractive way to directly target immunosuppressive cells in addition to attracting proinflammatory cells into the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, vaccination toward IDO or PD-L1 to potentiate such T cells have proven safe, with minimal toxicity in the clinical phase I trials conducted thus far.Cancer Res; 78(6); 1379-82. ©2018 AACR.
Errors in Methods Section and Figure Key
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

titled "Trends in Drug Overdose Mortality in Ohio During the First 7 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic," 1 published April 14, 2021, there were errors in the presentation of the youngest age category in the text and a figure.In the Methods section, the age range of the youngest category should have appeared as "0-24."In the key to Figure 2, the top age category should have appeared as "Յ24."This article has been corrected.
Early peanut introduction wins over the HLA-DQA1*01:02 allele in the interplay between environment and genetics
Authors: Monali Manohar, Kari Christine Nadeau, Maya Kasowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022)

The rising incidence of food allergy in children underscores the importance of environmental exposures; however, genetic factors play a major role. How the environment and genetics interact to cause food allergy remains unclear. The landmark Learning Early About Peanut Allergy (LEAP) clinical trial established that early peanut introduction protects high-risk infants, consistent with the tolerizing effects of gut exposure. In this issue of the JCI, Kanchan et al. leveraged the LEAP trial data to examine molecular genetic mechanisms of early sensitization. A previously identified HLA risk allele for peanut allergy (DQA1*01:02) was associated with peanut-specific IgG4 levels in consumers. Notably, IgG4 antibodies likely provide protection by reducing the binding of allergen to IgE. The association of the same allele with peanut allergy in avoiders while potentially conferring protection in consumers reinforces the need to integrate genetic information toward a personalized therapeutic strategy for the best outcome in addressing food allergies.
A Phase I Trial of Alisertib Plus Romidepsin for Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive B- and T-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Michelle A. Fanale, Fredrick B. Hagemeister, Luis Fayad, Yasuhiro Oki, Nathan Fowler, Jorge Romaguera, Nina Shah, Hubert Chuang, Lei Feng, Sandra B Horowitz, Emily Wesson, Toni Y Hutto, Tariq Muzzafar, Felipe Samaniego, R Eric Davis
Journal: Blood (2014)
DENMARK
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Errors in the Number of Patients and Results
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Gwen M. Bernacki, MD, MHSA; Ruth A. Engelberg, PhD; J. Randall Curtis, MD, MPH; Manjula Kurella Tamura, MD; Lyndia C. Brumback, PhD; Danielle C. Lavallee, PharmD, PhD; Elizabeth K. Vig, MD, MPH; Ann M. O’Hare, MD, MA
Leadership Program Awards Physicians
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P377: Multicomponent Workplace Wellness Program Results in Weight Loss and Improved Cardiometabolic Indices
Authors: Ryan R Bailey, Ellen Fitzsimmons-Craft, Holley Boeger, Katie Keenoy, Sara Hendrickson, Robinson Welch, Denise Wilfley
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Workplace wellness programs offer opportunities for decreasing obesity in adults. The effectiveness of such programs varies and is influenced by key intervention components (e.g. duration, intensity, content). We developed a multicomponent workplace wellness program, MyWay to Health (MW2H), which was adapted from an evidence-based weight loss intervention with demonstrated efficacy and meets the 2013 Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in adults. The purpose of this one-group pretest-posttest study was to evaluate program acceptability and effectiveness of MW2H on primary and secondary outcomes. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that MW2H would result in 1) clinically meaningful weight loss of ≥5%, and 2) improvements in cardiometabolic indices. Methods: During weeks 1-26, participants met privately with an interventionist for up to 24 weekly, 40-minute sessions, receiving training in eating and physical activity behavior change, self-regulation, and socioenvironmental strategies. During weeks 27-52, participants received maintenance support through phone calls, email, or in-person visits. Our primary outcome was percent weight loss. Secondary outcomes included improvement in BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Outcomes were compared at baseline and 26 weeks; body weight only was measured at 52 weeks. Wilcoxin Signed Rank Tests were used to examine outcomes. Results: Participants (N=154) were mostly female (85%), White (75%), had a median age of 50 (Interquartile Range (IQR): 17) years, a median baseline BMI of 34.7 (IQR: 8.8), a median household income of $70,000 (IQR: $50,000), and 54% had a college degree or higher. Median number of in-person sessions attended was 19 (IQR: 4.0). Percent weight loss at 26 weeks (median [IQR]: 7.5% [6.8%]) was clinically meaningful, with 71% of participants achieving ≥5% weight loss. Statistically significant improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HbA1c, HDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p&lt;0.001 for all) were observed. At week 52, body weight data were available for 106 (69%) participants. Median percent weight loss from baseline was 7.0% (IQR: 9.3%). Of participants who achieved ≥5% weight loss at week 26, 94% maintained this level of weight loss at week 52. Conclusions: The MW2H workplace wellness program was acceptable to participants, evidenced by high program attendance, and resulted in clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in body weight and cardiometabolic indices. A majority of participants achieved ≥5% weight loss by 26 weeks, and nearly all participants for whom data was available maintained this level of weight loss at week 52. Additional research is needed to optimize intervention components, identify factors that contribute to weight maintenance, and examine MW2H effectiveness in a more diverse population.
Adenosin infusion to assess coronary flow reserve by myocardial contrast echo is limited by variability of intensity increase over time Mario Togni, Stephane Lafitte, Barry B. Peters, Ajit Raisinghani, Monet Strachan, OiLing Kwan, Anthony N. DeMaria. University of California, Division of Cardiology, San Diego
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Role of inducible nitric oxide sinthase in chronic sinoaortic denervation Patricia Fiorino, Carlos A. Nascimento, Jos� Xavier-Neto, Ismar N. Cestari, Eduardo M. Krieger, Maria C. C. Irigoyen. Heart Institute (InCor), Univ S�o Paulo Med Sch, S�o Paulo, Brazil
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Validation of GIST nomogram performance from a statewide community cancer center.
Authors: Kyle Joseph Hitscherich, Meera Garg, Alicia J. Lozano, Alexandra L. Hanlon, Nicholas J. Petrelli, Joseph Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

654 Background: Malignant behavior of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) can be predicted based on characteristics (size, location, etc.) which have been used to create risk calculators to anticipate recurrence. The most utilized nomogram (Gold et al 2009) was applied to a patient population from a statewide academic community-based cancer center to evaluate performance compared to that of Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK), Mayo Clinic and National Spanish Registry (GEIS) populations. Methods: A retrospective review of all operative pathology reports for the past 14 years (January 2005 – May 2019) identified all patients diagnosed with GISTs. Patient demographics, pathology characteristics and recurrence free survival (RFS) was compiled. Those without recurrence or death were censored at the date of their last follow-up within hospital system. The nomogram prediction of RFS was estimated using methods described in the original text. Concordance probabilities for risk stratified quartiles were calculated based on nomogram scores to test performance of the nomogram against our Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: A total of 195 patients were treated for GISTs at our institution within the study timeline. The small majority were female (54%) with an average age of 64 years at presentation (21-90). Only one patient did not follow up within our system (n=194). The most prevalent tumor location was in the stomach (68%) and overall mitotic index was preferentially less than 5 mitosis per high power field (77%). Surgical margins negative of microscopic disease were obtained in 93% of resections. The average tumor size on final pathology was 3.4cm (0.2-29). Within our patient population, 16 (8%) developed recurrences with 1 patient deceased. Kaplan-Meier estimated RFS rates were 91% at 2 years and 88% at 5 years with a mean disease-free survival of 8.8 years (SE=0.2). Concordance probability of the nomogram with our data was found to be 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71-0.92), compared to concordance within the MSK (0.78), GEIS (0.76) and the Mayo Clinic (0.80) populations. Overall, the nomogram predicts a worse 2- and 5-year RFS particularly for the highest risk malignant GISTs (0.82 vs 0.38 and 0.76 vs. 0.21). Conclusions: The concordance of the predictive nomogram was similar in our population to other published series. However, the nomogram overpredicts recurrence rates for the highest risk quartile of GIST patients. Our patient population fared better than the nomogram predicted, in particular for the patients at highest risk of recurrence.[Table: see text]
Author Correction: The impact of school opening model on SARS-CoV-2 community incidence and mortality
Authors: Zeynep Ertem, Elissa M. Schechter-Perkins, Emily Oster, Polly van den Berg, Isabella Epshtein, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk, Fernando A. Wilson, Eli Perencevich, Warren B. P. Pettey, Westyn Branch-Elliman, Richard E. Nelson
Journal: Nature Medicine (2022)
Renin Cells, the Kidney, and Hypertension
Authors: Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez, R. Ariel Gomez
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

Renin cells are essential for survival perfected throughout evolution to ensure normal development and defend the organism against a variety of homeostatic threats. During embryonic and early postnatal life, they are progenitors that participate in the morphogenesis of the renal arterial tree. In adult life, they are capable of regenerating injured glomeruli, control blood pressure, fluid-electrolyte balance, tissue perfusion, and in turn, the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells. Throughout life, renin cell descendants retain the plasticity or memory to regain the renin phenotype when homeostasis is threatened. To perform all of these functions and maintain well-being, renin cells must regulate their identity and fate. Here, we review the major mechanisms that control the differentiation and fate of renin cells, the chromatin events that control the memory of the renin phenotype, and the major pathways that determine their plasticity. We also examine how chronic stimulation of renin cells alters their fate leading to the development of a severe and concentric hypertrophy of the intrarenal arteries and arterioles. Lastly, we provide examples of additional changes in renin cell fate that contribute to equally severe kidney disorders.
No association between sex hormone levels and coronary artery disease in men B�rbel Klein, Rahime G�k, Ralf Winkler, Karin Lindner, Florian Mokler, Gunnar Taubert, Jochen Senges, Bernhard R. Winkelmann. Herzzentrum Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Tumor volume regression of rectal cancer in daily MRI during preoperative chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine.
Authors: Yoo-Kang Kwak, Sea-Won Lee, Yoon Ju Jung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

123 Background: Although cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been available for over a decade, the pattern of tumor volume change in rectal dancer during preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has been under the veil due to poor soft tissue contrast of registration CBCT. This study was conducted to investigate daily rectal tumor volume change using registration magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Patients diagnosed with cT3-4 and/or cN+ rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing preoperative CCRT with capecitabine on the pelvis up to 50 Gy in 25 daily fractions from November 2018 to June 2019 were consecutively included. Rectal tumor volume was uniformly measured by single physician (YKK) in daily 0.35T MRI obtained with ViewRay MRIdian Linac (ViewRay Inc., Oakwood, USA). The mean +/- standard deviation (SD) of daily tumor volume (cc), difference of tumor volume between first fraction and daily fraction (daily tumor volume – baseline tumor volume at first fraction), and tumor volume reduction rate (%, (daily tumor volume – baseline tumor volume at first fraction)/baseline tumor volume at first fraction x 100) were calculated. Statistical significance of differences were tested using the Wilcoxon’s signed rank test and paired t-test. Results: Thirteen patients were included. Median age was 65 and majority of the patients were male (92.3%). Most tumors were T3 (76.9%) and N1-2 (92.3%). Tumors were located median 6 cm (range: 2.4 – 9) above anal verge. Median follow-up was 27.3 months (range: 11.7 – 30.6) and 2 patients had recurred at the time of analysis (1 local and 1 distant). Tumor volume steadily regressed with daily administration of CCRT (mean 2.06 +/-1.73 cc; Figure 1). Significant tumor volume reduction compared to baseline was observed from fourth fraction (mean -12.37 +/- 16.72 cc; P &lt; 0.0005). The difference of tumor volume between baseline and the last fraction was mean -49.33 +/- 68.13 cc ( P &lt; 0.0002). The tumor volume reduction rate was significantly increased since fourth fraction (mean - 17.2 +/- 11.78 %; P &lt; 0.0002). The tumor volume reduction rate at the last fraction was - 70.62 +/- 14.01 % ( P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: For the first time, this study demonstrated daily tumor volume regression in preoperative rectal CCRT with capecitabine using daily MRI. Steady pattern of tumor regression may be explained in part by daily administration of capecitabine. Based on the hypothesis-generating observation, this study may warrant initiation of further investigations such as analysis and comparison with daily tumor volume regression with CCRT using leucovorin and 5-FU.