tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Forced change of language
Authors: B. Wilson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

By couching the discussion of Blair and Bush in terms of hubris and nemesis, Lord Owen 1 has avoided the pitfall of diagnosis from afar while still highlighting serious problems with the two world leaders (JRSM November 2006).He does dip his toe into psychodynamics citing Freud and Justin Frank, but, by and large, he sticks to discussing behaviour and its relation to hubris and power.As a politician, Lord Owen is qualified to discuss the political leaders he has encountered.As a physician, should he be making medical judgments on political leaders?Simon Wessely has questions about this and about whether or not psychiatrists should venture beyond the consulting room. 2 Should psychiatrists limit their judgments to patients they have examined?The American Psychiatric Association says 'yes' and Dr Wessely cites data to support that view.But the question remains, can psychiatrists and neuroscientists, with the help of philosophers, provide useful insights that contribute to the understanding of leaders and their followers?I believe that we should try.We should bring whatever scientific data there may be to counter ideology, blind faith and the intoxicating effects of power.It is true hubris often comes with power.Even though we do not have a psychiatric diagnosis for hubris, it is a psychological entity and as such should potentially be understood by science, as are other psychological phenomena.We do not diagnose those that we have not personally examined and we cannot diagnose an entire population, but perhaps we can bring clinical and scientific insights to help understand destructive behaviour As scientists and clinicians, we too must guard against hubris.Hopefully our colleagues will help us with that.JRMS should be applauded for exploring the issue.
下肢蜂窝织炎诊断的挑战和促进因素
Authors: M. Patel, S.I. Lee, K.S. Thomas, J. Kai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

蜂窝织炎是英国常见的皮肤感染,大部分病例影响下肢。诊断可能有挑战性,因为每 3 例初始怀疑蜂窝织炎的病例中有 1 例在进一步评估后被诊断为其他不同的疾病。这可能导致给予不需要的抗生素和不必要的住院。一开始就正确诊断对于患者和医生都很重要。此研究旨在确定下肢蜂窝织炎诊断的挑战和可用的帮助。来自英国 Nottingham 的作者们对现有研究进行了回顾,并将结果分为几个关键主题。这些主题包括:1) 疑似蜂窝织炎的备选诊断 2)针对辅助诊断已开发出的帮助措施 和 3) 针对辅助诊断已开发出的服务。作者们为接受疑似蜂窝织炎检查的患者鉴定出了多个备选最终诊断。这些患者的症状与蜂窝织炎的典型特征重叠。4 项研究着眼血液检查、扫描或一组帮助检测蜂窝织炎的规则,已开发出两项服务帮助减少不准确的诊断。当前研究显示了患者因可能的蜂窝织炎就诊时,医生需要考虑的一系列其他诊断。未来工作需要进一步评估已经开发出的帮助措施和服务的效果。通过与患者和医生进行面谈使初步诊断更加准确将是未来研究的一个积极部分。
Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Prematurity
Authors: Mark Abramowicz, Edward H. Kass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Heart Volume and Maternal WeightDuring the past two decades evidence has accumulated that prematurity rates are excessive in women with histories of recurrent illnesses. It has also been demonstrated that heart-volume measurements, in the absence of cardiac disease, reflect the total blood volume, which in turn increases as physical fitness improves.149 From these considerations was derived the thesis that smaller heart volumes might indicate the less biologically fit woman who was especially prone to premature delivery.The relation between heart volume and prematurity was explored in Helsinki with a study in 30 prenatal clinics of x-ray films of the . . .
In Brief
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethiopia's famine worsens despite aid
Journal: BMJ (2003)

HIV infectionConservative treatment is preferable because of the risk of septic complications after surgery, and other causes of perianal symptoms should be excluded.Patients with asymptomatic HIV infection may be treated safely and successfully by band ligation. 24There is a risk of delayed wound healing after haemorrhoidectomy in HIV-positive patients which is higher for patients with AIDS. 25Pregnancy Symptomatic haemorrhoids are common as a result of hormonal changes and straining associated with constipation.Haemorrhoids should be managed conservatively, using laxatives and dietary fibre.Surgery for intractable disease should be delayed until the fetus is viable.Surgical excision of symptomatic tissue at this stage may be performed safely under local anaesthesia. 26
Abstract 12236: A Novel Particulate Guanylyl Cyclase B Agonist With Therapeutic Potential Targeting Fibrosis via cGMP Generation for Cardiorenal Disease
Authors: S. J Sangaralingham, Brenda K Huntley, Tomoko Ichiki, Gerald E Harders, John C Burnett
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Fibrosis is a hallmark of cardiorenal diseases, including heart failure, for which there are few effective therapies. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a cardiorenal-derived peptide whose mature active form, CNP-22, possesses potent anti-fibrotic actions through the activation of guanylyl cyclase receptor B (GC-B) and its second messenger, cGMP. However, CNP-22’s therapeutic potential is limited due to its short half-life. We recently identified a 53 amino acid (AA) peptide, CNP-53, whose structure consists of CNP-22 with an additional 31 AA on the N-terminus. Herein, we investigated the cGMP generating actions of CNP-53 (compared to CNP-22) in vivo and in vitro, with the goal of advancing a potential anti-fibrotic strategy for cardiorenal disease. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that CNP-53 would elevate circulating CNP levels as well as have greater cGMP activating actions compared to CNP-22 in vivo. We also hypothesized that CNP-53 would stimulate GC-B specific cGMP production in vitro. Methods: In vivo, two groups of anesthetized normal rats (n=8) received a 75-minute intravenous infusion of an equimolar dose of CNP-53 or CNP-22. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma CNP and plasma and urinary cGMP were assessed. In vitro, HEK 293 cells over-expressing GC-A and GC-B and human fibroblasts (hFs), where GC-B is abundant, were stimulated with CNP-53 or CNP-22 for 10 minutes at a dose of (10-8M). Data are mean ± SE, *p&lt;0.05. Results: In vivo, plasma CNP (CNP-53: 311±66, CNP-22: 153±16 pg/ml*) and cGMP (CNP-53: 21±2, CNP-22: 11±1 pmol/ml*) and urinary cGMP excretion (CNP-53: 75±4, CNP-22: 38±1 pmol/min*) were greater with CNP-53 infusion than CNP-22. MAP was similar between the 2 groups (CNP-53: 85±2, CNP-22: 88±4 mmHg). In vitro, both CNP-53 and CNP-22 activated cGMP in GC-B HEK cells and in hFs, with no activation of cGMP in GC-A HEK cells. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that CNP-53 is superior to CNP-22 in activating cGMP in vivo, without inducing hypotension. Additionally, CNP-53 is a GC-B specific cGMP activating peptide that potently increases cGMP in hFs. Thus, CNP-53 may represent a novel first in class GC-B agonist with therapeutic potential targeting fibrosis and preventing the progression of cardiorenal disease.
Worldwide variations in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)
Authors: M Asher
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was designed to allow comparisons between populations in different countries. ISAAC Phase One, reported here, used standardized simple surveys which were conducted among representative samples of school children from centres in most regions of the world. Two age groups (13-14 and 6-7 yrs) with approximately 3,000 children in each group were studied in each centre. The 13-14 yr olds (n=463,801) were studied in 155 centres (56 countries) and the 6-7 yr olds (n=257,800) were studied in 91 centres (38 countries). There were marked variations in the prevalence of asthma symptoms with up to 15-fold differences between countries. The prevalence of wheeze in the last 12 months ranged from 2.1-32.2% in the older age group and 4.1-32.1% in the younger age group and was particularly high in English speaking countries and Latin America. A video questionnaire completed in the older age group in 99 centres (42 countries) showed a similar pattern. The major differences between populations found in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase One are likely to be due to environmental factors. The results provide a framework for studies between populations in contrasting environments which are likely to yield new clues about the aetiology of asthma.
Duodenal Intubation
Authors: Eddy D. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

MOST PHYSICIANS spend what seems, at the time, to be a substantial part of their training period trying to get tubes into duodenums. Almost always they do it because someone tells them to. They are pretty sure that if the attending physician had to do it himself, he would never order it. They need no hard statistics to be convinced that duodenal intubation is ordered far more often in the teaching hospital than in all the neighboring community hospitals put together. Because passing a tube into the duodenum is often difficult and requires much time (all shot through with uncertainty about where the end of the tube is and which way it is pointing), the procedure is sometimes carried out under fluoroscopic control. To make tube manipulation slicker, pull-wire machines have been devised so the operator can guide the tip as the fluoroscopist directs. But routine use of fluoroscopy for
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase cause glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in mice
Authors: Hong Xiao, Peter Heeringa, Peiqi Hu, Zhi Liu, Minglang Zhao, Yasuaki Aratani, Nobuyo Maeda, Ronald J. Falk, J. Charles Jennette
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs) are identified in the circulation of approximately 80% of patients with pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis and systemic small vessel vasculitis, such as microscopic polyangiitis and Wegener granulomatosis. The most common antigen target for ANCAs is myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is found in neutrophils and monocytes. We report definitive experimental animal evidence that ANCAs are pathogenic. MPO knockout (Mpo–/–) mice were immunized with mouse MPO. Splenocytes from these mice or from control mice were injected intravenously into recombinase-activating gene-2–deficient (Rag2–/–) mice, which lack functioning B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. All mice that received splenocytes developed mild to moderate glomerular immune deposits, but only mice that received 1 × 108 or 5 × 107 anti-MPO splenocytes developed severe necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, granulomatous inflammation, and systemic necrotizing vasculitis, including necrotizing arteritis and hemorrhagic pulmonary capillaritis. To test the pathogenic potential of antibodies alone, purified anti-MPO IgG or control IgG was injected intravenously into Rag2–/– mice and wild-type mice. Mice that received anti-MPO IgG but not mice that received control IgG developed focal necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis with a paucity of glomerular Ig deposition. Thus, anti-MPO IgG alone was able to cause pauci-immune glomerular necrosis and crescent formation in the absence of functional T or B lymphocytes in Rag2–/– mice and in the presence of an intact immune system in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. This animal model offers strong support for a direct pathogenic role for ANCA IgG in human glomerulonephritis and vasculitis.
Academic physicians' participation in organized medicine
Authors: A. H. Herold
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To study the relationship of state medical societies to their medical schools, two cross-sectional surveys were conducted. The first was a survey of the medical society executive directors of the 46 states and US sovereign territories that have medical schools within their borders. Directors were asked to compare academic and community physician participation (membership and member involvement) in the medical society and describe the characteristics of the medical society's medical school unit (eg, how formalized it is and its design, composition, and level of interaction). The unit's characteristics were compared with the amount of academic physician participation. Data about physician membership in state medical societies and the American Medical Association (AMA) were obtained from the AMA Physician Masterfile. Significantly fewer academic physicians than community physicians were members of the state medical society or the AMA (38.1% vs 52.0%,<i>P</i>&lt;.001, and 32.8% vs 41.7%,<i>P</i>&lt;.001, respectively). Academic physician members were less likely than community physician members to be involved in medical society activities. Twenty-eight (60.9%) of 46 medical societies had no formalized structure for the unit that represents academic physicians at the medical society. The unit's characteristics had no significant relationship to academic physician membership or member involvement. This first survey and the AMA data suggest that academic physicians were significantly less likely to participate in medical society activities or join the AMA than community physicians, and the way in which medical schools and medical societies interface did not appear to influence participation. The second survey was carried out at the four academic medical centers in Florida. All academic physicians were surveyed about their attitudes toward organized medicine. Academic physicians reported that the annual dues were not reasonable relative to the benefit derived, but other data in this study suggested that reducing dues would not necessarily increase membership. Academic physicians also reported that their administration did not reward their participation in organized medicine and thought participation was less relevant to academic physicians than community physicians, but admitted a knowledge deficit regarding organized medicine. These findings suggest that reducing dues may not be sufficient to increase academic physician participation in organized medicine, but that changing the reward system within the medical school and increasing academic physicians' awareness of organized medicine's value to them may be ways to influence participation. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1727-1732)
Anencephalic newborns as organ donors
Authors: Michael H. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent commentary about using anencephalic infants as organ donors, Arras and Shinnar<sup>1</sup>focus primarily on two issues: whether such infants should be considered "brain dead" and whether they should be considered "nonpersons." In the first case, they would clearly be available as donors. In the second case matters are less clear, but nonperson status at least helps the case for donation. Their review of these issues was informative but, as the authors know, there are other problems relevant to whether anencephalic newborns should be used as organ donors. They include the following. (1) Whether life-support measures should be instituted (contrary to most current practices) so that the infant's organs can remain useable until a recipient is found. Life support would then be ended and organs transplanted only on confirmation of brain death.<sup>2</sup>(Such confirmation may be difficult to obtain, as the authors note.)
Annales de l'Institut Pasteur, Paris
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leads from the MMWR. Early detection of primary hepatocellular carcinoma--Alaska
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethical foundations of the Clinton administration's proposed health care system
Authors: D. W. Brock
Journal: JAMA (1994)

IMPORTANT, widely shared ethical principles and values are involved in both the design of and the debates over the Clinton health care system reform proposal. In the first section of this article, we discuss 14 principles and values that guide policy decisions and choices about central features of the reform proposal. These principles and values are neither pulled from thin air nor selected simply to conform to the proposed system. They are deeply anchored in the moral traditions we share as a nation, reflecting our long-standing commitment to equality, justice, liberty, and community. Different moral, religious, and cultural traditions within our society may emphasize different elements of these principles and values or weigh them differently when they conflict. Nevertheless, there is a widespread consensus on their central role in defining our common community, as we show briefly in the second section of this article.<sup>1-3</sup> These principles and values do
Diabetes, New York
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SYPHILIS AND LEPROSY.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Smokers' Wrinkles
Authors: Don W. Boston
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The following sentence (225:1069, 1973): It now becomes obvious that if smoking is the prime cause of facial wrinkling, black smokers should have the same intensity of wrinkling as their white counterparts who smoke simply has not been proved, for if black skin is somehow less susceptible to actinic exposure, it might likewise possess a resistance to wrinkling, which white smokers might develop from exposure to smoke. The statement that First, whereas black smokers do not develop "crow's feet," smoking simply cannot be implicated in the development of "crow's feet" in whites is true only if the entire body of their research and observations is proved to be true. Finally, the statement "The lack of wrinkling in the submental region of white smokers further refutes the idea that smoking causes wrinkling" cannot be proved to be true unless someone proves that all skin in the body has