tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Optimising partner notification outcomes for bacterial sexually transmitted infections: a deliberative process and consensus, United Kingdom, 2019
Authors: Sonali Wayal, Claudia S Estcourt, Catherine H Mercer, John Saunders, Nicola Low, Tamsin McKinnon, Merle Symonds, Jackie A Cassell
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2022)

Partner notification (PN) is an essential element of sexually transmitted infection (STI) control. It enables identification, treatment and advice for sexual contacts who may benefit from additional preventive interventions such as HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. PN is most effective in reducing STI transmission when it reaches individuals who are most likely to have an STI and to engage in sexual behaviour that facilitates STI transmission, including having multiple and/or new sex partners. Outcomes of PN practice need to be measurable in order to inform standards. They need to address all five stages in the cascade of care: elicitation of partners, establishing contactable partners, notification, testing and treatment. In the United Kingdom, established outcome measures cover only the first three stages and do not take into account the type of sexual partnership. We report an evidence-based process to develop new PN outcomes and inform standards of care. We undertook a systematic literature review, evaluation of published information on types of sexual partnership and a modified Delphi process to reach consensus. We propose six new PN outcome measures at five stages of the cascade, including stratification by sex partnership type. Our framework for PN outcome measurement has potential to contribute in other domains, including Covid-19 contact tracing.
Measles Epidemic Attributed to Inadequate Vaccination Coverage—Campania, Italy, 2002
Journal: JAMA (2003)

In Italy, measles has been a mandatory reportable disease for >100 years. During the prevaccination era, approximately 25,000-90,000 cases were reported annually. During the late 1980s and 1990s, incidence declined with increasing measles vaccination coverage, but measles epidemics continued to occur periodically, most recently during 1995-1997. In early 2002, measles incidence increased sharply; the area most affected was Campania (2001 population: approximately 5,782,000, including 1,100,000 children aged <15 years), a large region in southern Italy. In 2001, estimated measles vaccination coverage for the 1998 Campania birth cohort was 65%. Regional health authorities and the National Institute of Health investigated the measles outbreak in Campania. This report summarizes the preliminary results of the investigation, which attributed the epidemic to inadequate vaccination coverage. A coordinated effort is needed to interrupt measles transmission in Italy.
Diagnostic reasoning in cardiovascular medicine
Authors: John E Brush, Jonathan Sherbino, Geoffrey R Norman
Journal: BMJ (2022)

ABSTRACT Research in cognitive psychology shows that expert clinicians make a medical diagnosis through a two step process of hypothesis generation and hypothesis testing. Experts generate a list of possible diagnoses quickly and intuitively, drawing on previous experience. Experts remember specific examples of various disease categories as exemplars, which enables rapid access to diagnostic possibilities and gives them an intuitive sense of the base rates of various diagnoses. After generating diagnostic hypotheses, clinicians then test the hypotheses and subjectively estimate the probability of each diagnostic possibility by using a heuristic called anchoring and adjusting. Although both novices and experts use this two step diagnostic process, experts distinguish themselves as better diagnosticians through their ability to mobilize experiential knowledge in a manner that is content specific. Experience is clearly the best teacher, but some educational strategies have been shown to modestly improve diagnostic accuracy. Increased knowledge about the cognitive psychology of the diagnostic process and the pitfalls inherent in the process may inform clinical teachers and help learners and clinicians to improve the accuracy of diagnostic reasoning. This article reviews the literature on the cognitive psychology of diagnostic reasoning in the context of cardiovascular disease.
Electrocardiographic criteria for the identification of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients: The LIFE study Peter M. Okin, Richard B. Devereux, Markku S. Nieminen, Sverker Jern, Lasse Oikarinen, Matti Viitasalo, Lauri Toivonen, Stevo Julius, Bjorn Dahlof. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Exposure of cardiomyocytes from failing explanted human heart to hypoxia and/or angiotensin-II leads to activation of caspase-3 and to cleavage of DNA fragmentation factor (DFF45/ICAD) Victor G. Sharov, Anastassia Todor, Norman Silverman, Sidney Goldstein, Hani N. Sabbah. Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The Cover
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mechanical overloading promotes chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis development through downregulating FBXW7
Authors: Haiyan Zhang, Yan Shao, Zihao Yao, Liangliang Liu, Hongbo Zhang, Jianbin Yin, Haoyu Xie, Kai Li, Pinglin Lai, Hua Zeng, Guozhi Xiao, Chun Zeng, Daozhang Cai, Xiaochun Bai
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

To investigate the role of mechanical stress in cartilage ageing and identify the mechanistic association during osteoarthritis (OA) progression.F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7) ubiquitin ligase expression and chondrocyte senescence were examined in vitro, in experimental OA mice and in human OA cartilage. Mice with Fbxw7 knockout in chondrocytes were generated and adenovirus-expressing Fbxw7 (AAV-Fbxw7) was injected intra-articularly in mice. Destabilised medial meniscus surgery was performed to induce OA. Cartilage damage was measured using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score and the changes in chondrocyte senescence were determined. mRNA sequencing was performed in articular cartilage from Fbxw7 knockout and control mice.Mechanical overloading accelerated senescence in cultured chondrocytes and in mice articular cartilage. FBXW7 was downregulated by mechanical overloading in primary chondrocytes and mice cartilage, and decreased in the cartilage of patients with OA, aged mice and OA mice. FBXW7 deletion in chondrocytes induced chondrocyte senescence and accelerated cartilage catabolism in mice, as manifested by an upregulation of p16INK4A, p21 and Colx and downregulation of Col2a1 and ACAN, which resulted in the exacerbation of OA. By contrast, intra-articular injection of adenovirus expressing Fbxw7 alleviated OA in mice. Mechanistically, mechanical overloading decreased Fbxw7 mRNA transcription and FBXW7-mediated MKK7 degradation, which consequently stimulated JNK signalling. In particular, inhibition of JNK activity by DTP3, a MKK7 inhibitor, ameliorated chondrocyte senescence and cartilage degeneration CONCLUSIONS: FBXW7 is a key factor in the association between mechanical overloading and chondrocyte senescence and cartilage ageing in the pathology of OA.
Knowing, believing, and acting as if you know
Authors: Dilip Ninan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract Phillips et al. argue that our capacity for representing knowledge is more basic than our capacity for representing belief. But they remain neutral on the further claim that our “belief capacity” depends on our “knowledge capacity.” I consider how this further claim might help to explain some of the generalizations the authors catalog, and explore one way of understanding it.
Diagnosisof " Functional Murmurs. "
Authors: None E. F. I.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

We have received the interesting paper of Dr. F. C. Shattuck on the above subject, and as a whole can commend it for the care which has been exercised in collecting facts, and for the clear statement of the differential features between organic murmurs and those of inorganic origin; but we cannot coincide with him in the following statement, which we fear may mislead some who are not thoroughly familiar with the various cardiac murmurs. He states: " As regards prognosis and treatment, a murmur, even if persistent, is of no importance to the patient, unless it either is, or after a reasonable time, say six months if you choose, becomes associated with other well-marked evidences of a distrubance of the balance of the circulation, above all, enlargement of the heart in some or all of its divisions." In this the author has overlooked those numerous cases in which, for years,
Transplant Disease Rates
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Will China ever come clean?
Authors: None The Lancet
Journal: The Lancet (2007)

The international health community rolled its eyes in exasperation last week as reports emerged of another cover-up by the Chinese Government. The UK newspaper The Financial Times was the first to report that Chinese officials had censored a preliminary World Bank report on the cost of pollution in China. The authorities apparently insisted on the removal of estimates that 750 000 people each year die prematurely in China as a result of air and water pollution, because they feared that the statistics would cause social unrest.
Targeting Systemic Innate Immune Cells as a Therapeutic Avenue for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Vincent Pons, Serge Rivest
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2022)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the first progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and the disease is characterized by an accumulation of amyloid in the brain and neurovasculature that triggers cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. The innate immune system has a preponderant role in AD. The last decade, scientists focused their efforts on therapies aiming to modulate innate immunity. The latter is of great interest, since they participate to the inflammation and phagocytose the amyloid in the brain and blood vessels. We and others have developed pharmacological approaches to stimulate these cells using various ligands. These include toll-like receptor 4, macrophage colony stimulating factor, and more recently nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–containing 2 receptors. This review will discuss the great potential to take advantage of the innate immune system to fight naturally against amyloid <i>β</i> accumulation and prevent its detrimental consequence on brain functions and its vascular system. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> The focus on amyloid <i>β</i> removal from the perivascular space rather than targeting CNS plaque formation and clearance represents a new direction with a great potential. Small molecules able to act at the level of peripheral immunity would constitute a novel approach for tackling aberrant central nervous system biology, one of which we believe would have the potential of generating a lot of interest.
Relation between time-to-pharmacologic reperfusion and the probability of achieving complete ST-segment resolution in ST elevation myocardial infarction Howard A. Cooper, James A. de Lemos, Sabina A. Murphy, Carolyn H. McCabe, Kristin C. Schuhwerk, Elliott M. Antman, Eugene Braunwald. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Abstracts cont.
Authors: S Ebert, J Gerber, S Bader, F Mu ¨hlhauser, T Mitchell, R Goettingen, D Glasgow, A Arena, B Pavone, C Gugliandolo, T Maugeri, G Messina, R Munke, L Hareng, S Aulock, T Constance, P Cardona, I Amat, S Gordillo, V Arcos, E Guirado, J Dı ´az, A Pallare, G Tapia, V Ausina Badalona, A Lekkou, M Karakantza, A Mouzaki, D Siagris, F Kalfarentzos, H Bassaris, C Patras, S Matikainen, V Veckman, J Pirhonen, J Siren, J Hiscott, G Uze, M Severa, I Julkunen
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2004)
Association of selected (immune-related) adverse events and outcome in two adjuvant phase III trials, Checkmate-238 and EORTC1325/KEYNOTE-054
Authors: Alexander Eggermont, Michal Kicinski, Stefan Suciu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

We read with a great interest the paper of Mandala et al , recently published in your journal.[1][1] It was based on the CheckMate 238 randomized study, comparing 1-year adjuvant nivolumab to ipilimumab in resected stage IIIB/C and stage IV without evidence of disease melanoma patients. Indeed, we
Role of nitric oxide and alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction in regulation of hyperemic myocardial perfusion Niels H. Buus, Morten B�ttcher, Flemming Hermansen, Mikael Sander, Torsten T. Nielsen, Michael J. Mulvany. Aarhus University, Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus, Denmark, Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aarhus, Denmark
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
MODERN VIEWS OF HAY-FEVER AND ASTHMA
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Wilms' tumor: status report, 1990. By the National Wilms' Tumor Study Committee.
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

Rapid advances in the understanding of Wilms' tumor (WT) and its management are being made both in the laboratory and the clinic. Molecular genetic research has implicated loss of a tumor suppressor gene on the short arm of chromosome 11 as one of the pathways responsible for the development of the neoplasm. Preconception maternal (hair dyes) and paternal (occupation) exposures to environmental agents have been the subject of epidemiologic studies of possible risk factors. Histopathologic analyses have identified several different and less common tumor types among those previously aggregated under the WT rubric. WT itself has been subdivided into the so-called favorable histology (FH) and anaplastic forms, the prognosis being worse for the latter. Clinical research has standardized management by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy (RT) and furthered the identification of risk factors. Patients can now be stratified according to tumor type and stage, and the intensity of treatment modulated accordingly; eg, RT at low doses is used in only 25% of National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) patients without distant metastases. Before the NWTS, it had been given to almost all and at higher doses. Chemotherapy, whether given pre- or postoperatively, is based on dactinomycin and vincristine with Adriamycin [( ADR] doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) added for high-risk patients. The currently used NWTS combined modality therapy for WT patients has dramatically improved survival rates; 95% now are alive 2 years after treatment. Remaining questions are the identification of the late effects of the treatments used and the further refinement of therapy to reduce iatrogenic complications to a minimum.
Recording master's two-step test electrocardiograms
Authors: H. C. Rosenstiel
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The interpretation of Master's two-step electrocardiogram tracings may be expedited by recording all four tracings on one strip of paper. The stylus of the electrocardiograph machine, is set to record as close as possible to the bottom edge of the paper and record the resting tracing. Opening the machine, the paper is manually wound back onto the feed roll. The stylus is then positioned above the first tracing, the patient performs the prescribed exercise, and the one-minute tracing is recorded. The same number of cycles or the same length of paper as the resting tracing are used for each lead. The paper is again wound backwards onto the feed roll and the three-minute tracing is recorded above the previous one, the rerolling is repeated, and the eightminute tracing is recorded above the previous (Figure). The first tracing can be positioned at the top of the paper, and
Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy. Part II. Relation between maternal glucose tolerance and glucose metabolism in the newborn.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The objective of clinical management of the pregnant diabetic woman is to prevent the serious adverse effects of an abnormal glucose environment on the fetus. Neonatal glucose assimilation and insulin release over the first two hours of life were correlated with various indices of maternal carbohydrate metabolism in the third trimester. Of the 31 mothers studied 21 were defined as normal and 10 as having chemical diabetes. Neontal glucose assimilation during the first two hours of life correlated strongly with functions of both maternal glucose tolerance and mean diurnal glucose level, the strongest correlation being with the area under the three-hour oral glucose tolerance curve (P less than 0.001), Two-hour neonatal plasma glucose values of under 1.7 mmol/1 (30 mg/100 ml) were found only in the newborn of women whose glucose tolerance area measured over 41.6 area units (750 traditional units); thus, even in the borderline diabetic range glucose tolerance testing during the last trimester of pregnancy may be valuable in predicting likelihood of neonatal hypoglycaemia. The findings also shed light on the possible sensitizing role of mild maternal hyperglycaemia on fetal insulin production and secretion.
Association News
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Decolonising COVID-19
Authors: None The Lancet Global Health
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

When WHO added Disease X to its R&D Blueprint in 2018, the reality of an unknown pathogen that could cause a serious international epidemic was just beyond the limits of the imagination. 2 years later, at the time of writing this Editorial—the beginning of April, 2020—over 1 million people around the world have been infected with COVID-19 virus and 80 000 people have died from the disease. One-third of the world's population is in lockdown. As the world's most advanced economies struggle to repurpose state and private sector capacity to meet the growing demands on health services, the spotlight is shifting to countries without formal social safety nets or the massive monetary injections needed to bolster their economies.
ECTOPIC SPLEEN
Authors: Arthur W. Hoaglund
Journal: JAMA (1933)

This case is deemed of interest for the three following reasons: First, it is one of true extraperitoneal spleen; second, the original diagnosis was wrong, and, third, a more accurate interpretation of the original complaint may have led to the correct diagnosis. The major symptoms were entirely relieved by removal of the tumor. A woman, aged 57, appeared for examination complaining of pain in the right leg. General physical examination gave negative results. There was no swelling, circulatory change, tenderness or any sign of abnormality of the right leg or of the groin. Pelvic examination revealed a tumor which felt hard. It seemed to be fixed in the right broad ligament, to extend into the flare of the pelvis and to originate from the uterus. The diagnosis was intraligamentous fibroid tumor. At laparotomy it was found that the uterus and the adnexa were normal and that the hard mass lay