tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Academy of Medicine: Sudden death from indigestion
Journal: BMJ (1841)

ROYAL BERKSHIRE HOSPITAL.13 studied hernial tumors in their simple state.I may exist under the forms of adhesive or suppura.tiv-e inflammation; the adhesive is often slight, and indicated by passing colic, or even by symptoms ol indigestion, which sometimes go so far as v-omitine and hiccup; the tumor is now irreducible, and the taxis will only aggravate all the symptoms; but rest in the horizontal position, and cold topical applications, will often suffice to effect reduction; in more severe cases it may require sev-eral days or weeks before the inflammtion is sufficiently re- duced to allow of the return of the intestine.When hernial tumors, in this state, are reduced, nothing generally remains, except some thickening and irregularity of surface at the lower part of the sac; should the tumor not be reduced, then adhesions take place.The suppurative inflammation is infinitely more rare, and can scarcely be discovered, except after operation or death of the patient.How are we to distinguish this inflammation of the peritoneal membrane from true strangulation, and what should our practice be?The folloving are the results of my experience on these points.
Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei
Authors: Marianne Gosch, Jorge Larrondo
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
The Propaganda for Reform
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P086: A Population-based Study of the Bidirectional Association Between Sleep Apnea and Diabetes in Three Prospective US Cohorts
Authors: Tianyi Huang, Brian Lin, Meir Stampfer, Shelley Tworoger, Susan Redline, Frank Hu
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Both sleep apnea and diabetes are strong cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors with substantial healthcare burden. It is hypothesized that intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation resulting from sleep apnea may contribute to diabetes through inflammation, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Conversely, pre-existing diabetes may promote sleep apnea development through increased abnormalities in autonomic nervous system activity and ventilatory control due to peripheral neuropathy, or through effects on inflammatory pathways. However, no population-based study has simultaneously evaluated the potential bidirectional association between these two highly prevalent disorders. Methods: We followed 161,824 participants from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 2002-2012), NHSII (1995-2013), and the Health Professional Follow-up Study (1996-2012) who were free of diabetes, CVD and cancer at baseline. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for developing diabetes according to sleep apnea status. In parallel, we used similar approaches to estimate risk of developing sleep apnea according to diabetes status among 167,277 participants free of sleep apnea, CVD and cancer at baseline. In all 3 cohorts, diagnoses of diabetes or sleep apnea were identified by validated self-reports. Results: Similar results were observed across 3 cohorts. In the pooled analysis, 9,370 incident diabetes cases were identified during follow-up. After adjusting for age, sex, menopausal status in women, smoking, alcohol drinking, diet quality, physical activity, sleep duration, regular physical exams, and hypertension, the HR (95% CI) for diabetes was 2.28 (2.07, 2.51) comparing those with versus without sleep apnea. The association was attenuated but remained statistically significant after accounting for waist circumference (WC) and BMI (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.42, 1.73). By contrast, we documented 9,409 incident sleep apnea cases during follow-up. Compared with those without diabetes, the multivariable HR (95% CI) for sleep apnea prior to adjustment for BMI and WC was 1.44 (1.25, 1.67) in individuals with diabetes. Although there was no overall association after the adjustment (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.14), an increased risk was observed among those with diabetes who used insulin compared with those without diabetes (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.72). Conclusions: Sleep apnea is independently associated with an increased risk of diabetes, whereas insulin-dependent diabetes is associated with a higher risk of sleep apnea. Clinical awareness of this bidirectional association may improve prevention and treatment of both diseases and reduce their adverse impact on CVD. Future research aimed at elucidating the mechanisms that underlie each association may identify novel intervention targets.
评估系统性硬化症患者手部受累的整体影响的量表
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Abstract Linked Article: Sibeoni et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:96–105. 系统性硬化症 (或硬皮病) 是一种自身免疫性疾病 (人体免疫系统开始靶向自身细胞和组织) , 可能影响多个器官系统, 包括皮肤、肺、胃肠道和心血管系统。手部受累是这种慢性疾病的核心, 对患者生活质量有严重影响。由于手部受累是疼痛和残疾的主要原因, 因此有必要开发相关工具来评估这种影响。症状可能包括感冒、手指麻木和疼痛、皮肤紧缩、关节疼痛、溃疡和手部肿胀。 本研究来自法国, 旨在开发和验证患者报告结局指标 (PROM), 以评估手部受累情况, 即手部硬皮病生活体验 (HAnDE) 量表。首先, 我们对 21 名系统性硬化症患者进行了一项研究, 以探索他们手部受累的生活体验。此阶段根据参与者所说的内容生成了 18 项临时量表。然后, 我们开展了 HAnDE 量表的验证研究, 共纳入 105 名患者, 以确保量表可靠、一致且实用, 足以用于未来的研究和日常临床实践。HAnDE 量表对研究人员和临床医生来说似乎是一款有用的工具, 可用于评估系统性硬化症手部受累患者生活的所有维度。 Linked Article: Sibeoni et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:96–105.
PRACTICAL NOTES.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of lipid-rich plaques in human coronary artery autopsy specimens by near-infrared spectroscopy Pedro R. Moreno, S. Eric Ryan, David Hopkins, Barry Wise, K-Raman Purushothaman, William E. Charash, William O'Connor, James E. Muller. Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, InfraReDx, Inc, Cambridge, MA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis
Authors: C. Steffen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to comment on the important article by Cassidy et al wherein they studied the families of patients with tuberous sclerosis (1983;249:1302). The term<i>adenoma sebaceum</i>is no longer used to describe the skin papules found in the tuberous sclerosis complex. Pringle, who coined the term, did not appreciate how large normal sebaceous glands can be on the center of the face and misinterpreted these papules as neoplasms of sebaceous glands.<sup>1</sup>The histopathology of the facial and periungual lesions in the tuberous sclerosis complex consists of widely dilated vascular spaces and abnormalities of the fibroblasts. They are called "angiofibromas," not "adenoma sebaceum." Cassidy et al claim that the adenoma sebaceum and periungual fibromas (ie, angiofibromas) are diagnostic of the tuberous sclerosis complex when they state that patients with them have "unequivocal findings demonstrating tuberous sclerosis." However, many authors, including most recently Meigel and Ackerman,
Nodular granulomatous perifolliculitis
Authors: D. E. Hazelrigg
Journal: JAMA (1975)

INFECTION with<i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>, a common dermatophyte, is most often a chronic infection of the feet and toenails. However, occasionally T<i>rubrum</i>infections may produce atypical clinical manifestations that may mimic other cutaneous diseases. A rarely reported manifestation of T<i>rubrum</i>infection is nodular granulomatous perifolliculitis (NGP), which may be easily misdiagnosed. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old man was seen in December 1973 for evaluation of nodular lesions of three months' duration on the extensorsurface of his left wrist. The lesions had gradually developed during the preceding summer, at which time the patient had worn a leather watchband (approximately 5 cm wide) that completely occluded the area in which the eruption had developed. Except for being occasionally pruritic, the nodules were otherwise asymptomatic. There was no history of skin lesions in the involved area nor of similar cutaneous lesions present elsewhere. The patient did however have a history of
Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Steven A. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Two types of Venturi masks claiming to deliver 24%, 28%, 35%, and 40% oxygen were studied with a new method employing ultrathin, large plastic bags, as well as by conventional methods. There were considerable variations between actual and claimed performance. Some masks delivered oxygen concentrations higher than the designated value. The masks were not truly "Venturi" in design. Their delivered oxygen concentrations vary somewhat depending on the stage of the patient's respiratory cycle. (<i>JAMA</i>228:474-478, 1974)
Repository Therapy
Authors: James H. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is difficult to ascertain what new information Dr. Appelman desired to bring to whose attention regarding what and for what purpose. His opening word implied he had carefully read the literature. He uses Potter and Robertson's work as a reference. However, these investigators, after working with mice especially inbred to develop plasma-cell neoplasms, quite clearly stated in their conclusion, "It is not possible to implicate directly the paraffin-oil staphylococcus emulsion as the inducer of the 7 plasmacell neoplasms, because of the few cases and the lack of controls." I feel that this paper is untimely, in view of the many innovations in emulsion therapy that have been developed in the past two or three years by those using it. Emulsified extracts are but another tool in the treatment of the allergic patient, and their importance must be kept in proper perspective. What original and constructive perspective
INTRATHORACIC AND INTRAPERICARDIAL PRESSURE
Journal: BMJ (1928)

I THE BCLTIsN pr-evenition of sickness, which is now the real service given to the niation by the voluntar y hospitals, shlould be extenldedl to incluide panel paticnits and p)anel practtioiners who areo nlot niow inic.luded in that schewe.-Iam, etc., Lonidoni, W., Oct. 1st.
Use of Participation to Prevalence Ratio for Evaluating the Representation Status of Women in Oncology Clinical Trials—Reply
Authors: Kristina Jenei, Daniel E. Meyers, Vinay Prasad
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

In Reply We appreciate the comments from Chen et al on our Research Letter evaluating the inclusion of women in global oncology drug trials over the past 20 years.1 Our central conclusion was that women were underrepresented in certain tumor types.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONSERVATION OF PROTEIN IN THE BODY
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Machine learning for tracking planned versus delivered dose in pancreas SBRT.
Authors: James Janopaul-Naylor, Yingzi Liu, Yang Lei, Riley Brackin, Tonghe Wang, Xiaofeng Yang, Pretesh R. Patel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

561 Background: Cone-beam CT (CBCT) used for daily image guidance in pancreatic stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is fraught with imaging artifacts leading to poor visualization of target and avoidance structures. Machine learning methods can be used to generate synthetic CT (sCT) images from CBCT to eliminate imaging artifacts. We sought to compare planned versus delivered radiation dose to luminal GI organs at risk (OARs) during pancreas SBRT using sCT. Methods: Previously treated patients from a single institution were eligible if treated with 5 fractions of pancreas SBRT using daily CBCT and inspiration breath hold. CBCT-based sCT was generated for each treatment fraction using our previously reported cycleGAN technique. Physicians manually contoured GI OARs (stomach, duodenum, and bowel [remaining small bowel and large bowel]) on sCTs. Rigid online registration from treatment was used to re-calculate the delivered dose on each sCT. Fractional delivered dose to OARs was compared to planned dose and dose constraints with descriptive statistics. Max dose to 1cc or 20cc of an OAR was defined as D1cc and D20cc respectively. Results: 7 patients and 35 cumulative SBRT CBCT datasets were included. The median SBRT cumulative dose was 8 Gy x 5 fractions (40 Gy total). Each GI OAR was constrained per fraction to D1cc &lt; 7 Gy (cumulative D1cc &lt; 35 Gy) and D20cc &lt; 4 Gy (cumulative D20cc &lt; 20 Gy) during SBRT planning. Table shows the estimated OAR delivered doses on each sCT compared to planned doses and dose constraints. Each patient had at least 1 fraction that exceeded a planned GI OAR dose; 2 patients had delivered dose to 1cc of duodenum exceeding constraint for all 5 fractions. After a median follow-up of 9 months (range 5-34), there were 2 CTCAE Grade 1 and no Grade 2+ GI toxicity events possibly or likely related to SBRT. Conclusions: Physician contouring and dose calculation using CBCT-based sCT was feasible. Estimated delivered doses of pancreas SBRT generally exceed planned doses. Further study of sCT in pancreas SBRT is warranted for improved localization, dose calculation, and adaptive radiotherapy.[Table: see text]
Neglect during a crisis: the stark reality
Authors: None The Lancet Neurology
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2020)

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with dementia is being increasingly recognised, but perhaps not fully appreciated by health-care planners and policy makers. A regularly updated report entitled Impact of COVID-19 on people with dementia, by the International Long-term Care Policy Network (ILCPN), highlights the high death rates among people with dementia worldwide. The report update on Aug 19, 2020, showed that, of deaths linked to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in care homes, 29% to 75% occurred in people with dementia across Australia, Brazil, India, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Spain, the UK, and the USA.
Exercise plasma norepinephrine levels as a prognostic marker for cardiac death in patients with mild heart failure Toru Kinugawa, Kazuhide Ogino, Shuichi Osaki, Masahiko Kato, Akihiro Endo, Osamu Igawa, Ichiro Hisatome, Chiaki Shigemasa, Masatoshi Fujita. Tottori University, Yonago, Japan, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Association of Computed Tomographic Screening Promotion With Lung Cancer Overdiagnosis Among Asian Women
Authors: Wayne Gao, Chi Pang Wen, Allison Wu, H. Gilbert Welch
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2022)

As smoking continues to decline in many developed countries, the proportion of lung cancers in nonsmokers will rise. This shift may create substantial pressure to further expand lung cancer screening to lower-risk groups.
Challenge accepted: uncovering the role of rare genetic variants in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Marzieh Khani, Elizabeth Gibbons, Jose Bras, Rita Guerreiro
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2022)

Abstract The search for rare variants in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is usually deemed a high-risk - high-reward situation. The challenges associated with this endeavor are real. Still, the application of genome-wide technologies to large numbers of cases and controls or to small, well-characterized families has started to be fruitful. Rare variants associated with AD have been shown to increase risk or cause disease, but also to protect against the development of AD. All of these can potentially be targeted for the development of new drugs. Multiple independent studies have now shown associations of rare variants in NOTCH3 , TREM2 , SORL1 , ABCA7 , BIN1 , CLU , NCK2 , AKAP9 , UNC5C , PLCG2, and ABI3 with AD and suggested that they may influence disease via multiple mechanisms. These genes have reported functions in the immune system, lipid metabolism, synaptic plasticity, and apoptosis. However, the main pathway emerging from the collective of genes harboring rare variants associated with AD is the Aβ pathway. Associations of rare variants in dozens of other genes have also been proposed, but have not yet been replicated in independent studies. Replication of this type of findings is one of the challenges associated with studying rare variants in complex diseases, such as AD. In this review, we discuss some of these primary challenges as well as possible solutions. Integrative approaches, the availability of large datasets and databases, and the development of new analytical methodologies will continue to produce new genes harboring rare variability impacting AD. In the future, more extensive and more diverse genetic studies, as well as studies of deeply characterized families, will enhance our understanding of disease pathogenesis and put us on the correct path for the development of successful drugs.
Real-world clinical outcomes and molecular features of lung-specific and liver-specific metastases in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Authors: Arsen Osipov, Edik Matthew Blais, John Davelaar, Natalie Moshayedi, Nima Nikravesh, Gillian Gresham, Lei Zheng, Autumn Jackson McRee, Jennifer W. Chuy, Rachna T. Shroff, Raymond Couric Wadlow, Gary Lee Gregory, Patricia DeArbeloa, Lynn McCormick Matrisian, Emanuel Petricoin, Michael J. Pishvaian, Shant Thomassian, Jun Gong, Andrew Eugene Hendifar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

532 Background: PDAC remains one of the most lethal malignancies following metastatic presentation, typically to the liver or lung. Previous studies have observed that advanced PDAC patients have variable outcomes depending on site of involvement. Here, we aim to understand survival outcomes and molecular features for PDAC based on involvement of lung vs liver. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed longitudinal clinical outcomes across 787 patients with PDAC with next generation sequencing (NGS) from Perthera’s Real-World Evidence database whose tumors first metastasized to either the lung or the liver. Median overall survival (mOS) was measured from either the date of initial diagnosis (resectable cases only, stage I-III) or advanced diagnosis (stage IV) until death. Differences in survival and frequencies of mutations were evaluated between patients with lung-specific and liver-specific metastases using Cox regression and Fisher's exact test, respectively. Results: Among resectable PDAC, mOS from initial diagnosis was significantly shorter in patients that developed liver only metastasis (Table, left) compared to those patients that developed lung only metastasis (p=2.4e-08, HR=3.04 [2.06-4.49]). In the advanced PDAC cohort, mOS from diagnosis of advanced disease was also significantly shorter (Table, right) in liver only versus lung only metastasis (p=0.0013, HR=1.62 [1.21-2.18]). Differences in treatment-specific outcomes were not significant supporting a potential prognostic role for lung only metastases. PDAC tumors presenting to the liver first were modestly enriched (unadjusted p&lt;0.05) for TP53 mutations (81.4% in liver vs 69.2% in lung), MYC amplifications (8.6% vs 3.0%), and inactivating CDK2NA alterations (51.5% vs 39.1%) whereas lung-specific mutation frequencies were higher for STK11 mutations (2.4% in liver vs 7.5% in lung), CCND1 amplifications (0.5% vs 3.0%), GNAS alterations (2.0% vs 8.5%). No differences in KRAS mutations nor specific isoforms were noted between lung vs liver only metastasis. Conclusions: Lung only metastasis in both resectable and advanced PDAC confers a significant survival advantage compared to liver only metastasis. Deeper investigation into the molecular drivers of site-specific metastases is warranted.[Table: see text]