tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interconnection of periodontal disease and comorbidities: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications
Authors: George Hajishengallis
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2022)

Abstract Periodontitis, a microbiome‐driven inflammatory disease of the tooth‐attachment apparatus, is epidemiologically linked with other disorders, including cardio‐metabolic, cognitive neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, respiratory infections, and certain cancers. These associations may, in part, be causal, as suggested by interventional studies showing that local treatment of periodontitis reduces systemic inflammation and surrogate markers of comorbid diseases. The potential cause‐and‐effect connection between periodontitis and comorbidities is corroborated by studies in preclinical models of disease, which additionally provided mechanistic insights into these associations. This overview discusses recent advances in our understanding of the periodontitis‐systemic disease connection, which may potentially lead to innovative therapeutic options to reduce the risk of periodontitis‐linked comorbidities.
Editorial Board
Authors: Zuhair Ballas, Iowa City, Iowa Deputy, David Huston, Rachel Miller, New York, N Associate, Andrea Apter, Leonard Philadelphia, Nashville Bacharier, Claus Bachert, Joshua Boyce, Javier Chinen, Raif Geha, Johann Gudjonsson, Ann Arbor, Mich Kenji Kabashima, Corinne Keet, Chapel Hill, Carole Ober, Wanda Phipatanakul, Harald Renz, Marburg Germany, Marc Rothenberg, Cincinnati Ohio, Hirohisa Saito, Stefan Vieths, Langen Germany, Stephan Weidinger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Long-term perhexiline maleate and liver function.
Authors: R Hughes, R Parker, A Isaacs, C Mckerron
Journal: BMJ (1976)

suggests that whatever the metabolic cause for such psychoses and cognitive defects they may be sufficient to produce their effects without the onset of coma.Initial loss of alpha rhythm in the EEG in cases of hypopituitarism and hypopituitary coma, has been described. 4 The EEG changes in our case and in other similar cases include dis- turbances of alpha rhythm and other non-specific changes compatible with severe metabolic disorder.
Dan Enachescu
Authors: A. Steriu, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Academic and health minister who transformed Romanian health care after communism Life in Romania in the 1970s and 1980s was not easy.Other Eastern bloc countries struggled to maintain basic living standards by borrowing from the West, but President Nicolae Ceausescu implemented policies that created the lowest living standards in Europe.Food and fuel were rationed, and most modern drugs were unobtainable.Access to health care depended on nepotism or bribes, and the government spent what money it had on grandiose building projects, notoriously demolishing 7000 houses to construct a palace.Medical science was influenced by Ceausescu's wife, Elena, who played a key role in the ban on birth
Status of the medical oncology workforce. The American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1996)

PURPOSE A survey was designed to determine accurately the number of full-time equivalent medical oncologists in the United States, to determine how medical oncologists in different work settings divide their professional activities, and to determine whether medical oncology represents a primary care specialty in the minds of practicing oncologists. METHODS A questionnaire was mailed to the 4,239 members of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) who identified themselves as medical oncologists or hematologists/oncologists and were current residents of the United States. Follow-up letters, which included a second copy of the questionnaire, were sent to nonresponders. A third mailing, followed by a telephone reminder, was sent to a randomly selected subset of 300 nonresponders to be certain that the initial responders were similar in practice patterns and attitudes to those individuals who had not initially completed the survey. RESULTS A total of 2,540 physicians responded to the first mailing and an additional 187 to the second (64% response rate); a further 196 individuals who were directly contacted completed the survey document. Practitioners appear to see 160 to 200 different patients per month and to devote approximately 72% of their time to patient care activities. Research and teaching comprised only 3% to 4% of professional time for physicians in private practice or Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) settings, in contrast to 16% for those who worked in community hospitals. Medical oncologists frequently serve the role of principal care giver while patients are undergoing cancer treatment. However, medical oncologists devote minimal time providing primary care services to patients and, if required to increase their clinical volume, would prefer to care for more cancer patients than enhance their primary care activities. It is estimated that the present full-time equivalent number (ie, the conglomorate number of oncologists based on 100% professional effort devoted to clinical care) of medical oncologists is approximately 3,600 individuals. This translates into 1.8 medical oncologists per 100,000 adult Americans. CONCLUSION The medical oncology community devotes the majority of its time to providing oncologic patient care and does not provide or appear to wish to provide what the public defines as primary care. The survey estimate of 1.8 medical oncologists per 100,000 adult Americans is in close accord with HMO estimates of the number of desired oncologists. Consequently, the supply appears consistent with the anticipated demand. There does not appear to be an oversupply of medical oncologists in the United States.
Another Peanut-Butter “Cafe Coronary”
Authors: A M Butler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Nurses Association of the College, and the American College of Nurse Midwives believe that improved maternity care and health services for women in the U.S. can be achieved by the cooperative efforts of teams of physicians, nurse-midwives, and obstetric registered nurses. Yet the Massachusetts Medical Society opposed House Bills 848 and 2200 authorizing the practice of midwifery in licensed facilities by a certifed nurse-midwife who functions as a member of a team that includes an obstetrician-gynecologist. The opposition was on the grounds that the use of midwives will dilute quality medical care. Does this mean the Society cannot recognize the deficits in availability and quality of maternity care in the U.S. and does not believe the reports of lower infant and maternal mortality rates in European countries using midwifery than in the U.S.? Or does it reflect the tendency of the physician to consider pregnancy and labor as illness? The American Medical Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics have endorsed the use of pediatric nurse associates and physician assistants in health care. The Massachusetts Medical Society should endorse the use of midwives in health care with a physician being called in to provide diagnosis and therapy where a condition incompatible with health is detected.
Possible mechanisms and biomarkers of resistance to vismodegib in SHH medulloblastoma
Authors: Rafael Roesler, Caroline Brunetto de Farias, André T Brunetto, Lauro Gregianin, Mariane Jaeger, Carolina Nör, Amanda Thomaz
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

The excellent article by Frappaz et al., entitled “MEVITEM - A Phase I/II of vismodegib + temozolomide vs temozolomide in patients with recurrent/refractory medulloblastoma with Sonic Hedgehog pathway activation” (Neuro Oncol. 2021; 23(11):1949-1960. doi:10.1093/neuonc/noab087) reports results from the MEVITEM phase I/II trial, which explored the toxicity and efficacy of adding vismodegib to temozolomide in adult patients with recurrent or refractory medulloblastoma (MB) that harbor activation of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). The authors attributed the low response rate found to primary or acquired resistance of SHH MB against SHH inhibitors such as vismodegib, and comment on a few candidate molecular mechanisms, including mutations of PTCH1 and hot spot mutations of SMO.1 The authors correctly conclude that we need to further refine our ability to predict sensitivity to vismodegib, which in our opinion will be enabled by increasing our understanding of molecular mechanisms determining resistance to therapy in MB. In fact, current research has unraveled resistance mechanisms not addressed by the authors in their discussion. Intratumor heterogeneity must be taken into account. Untreated MB tumors contain specific cell subpopulations displaying a spectrum of expression of neural progenitor and stem cell markers. Specific subsets of these cells, showing persistent SHH activation, stem cell features, and expressing transcription factors HES1 and Myod1, as well as SHH pathway markers, are the ones that remain proliferative and keep mediating MB tumor growth after vismodegib treatment. Importantly, MB tumors may change their mutational landscape in between primary diagnosis and relapse, which indicates relapse samples should be evaluated for resistance markers.2
Physiology. A Manual for Students and Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Your reputation
Authors: R. W. Virtue
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In considering the future of anesthesiology, I would like to begin by mentioning a few pertinent items that have recently appeared in print. One is from the<i>AMA News</i>, and is a quotation from our president, James Z. Appel, MD<sup>1</sup>: "Physicians as individuals and as a group must constantly bear in mind the basic principle that the primary object of the medical profession is to render service to humanity." As you consider this, do you honestly believe that you personally have a reputation for doing this? I hope and trust that we here today have such reputations, and that we enjoy life because we are enjoying the giving of such service. A second item comes from the note in<i>Lancet</i>,<sup>2</sup>written by a former psychiatric patient, who said: I was chiefly struck by the godlike detachment of the hospital physicians. They thought they could cure anything with drugs
Deliberate injury of children.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Deliberate Injury of ChildrenChild abuse is a major problem for accident and ermergency departments, children's hospitals, general practitioners, social workers, the police, and many others concerned with the welfare of children.The injuries seen include fractures of the skull, clavicles, ribs, or long bones; bruises, lacerations, and soft tissue swelling; burns-for example, on the buttocks, by sitting the child on an electric radiator-or elsewhere by cigarettes; subdural effusion, as a result of direct injury to the skull or by vigorous shaking'; damage to the liver or perforation of the stomach or intestine; emotional deprivation, starvation, dehydration, anaemia, growth retardation, or poisoning.A child may be poisoned by deliberate administration of a drug, by giving an overdose, or by deliberately leaving poisonous material conveniently near him.Most victims of child abuse are under 4 years old and many under 2. How prevalent these serious assaults are is unknown.A figure of 4,600 cases a year in the U.K. has been given.2Six children per 1,000 live births is another estimate.3C. H. Kempe estimated that it was the cause of 10% of all casualties under 2 and 2500 of all fractures under that age.3A general practi- tioner might on average see a case every five years.Some 30 to 600/ of parent batterers were themselves battered as children.4The battering may be due to loss of temper or to an attempt to discipline the child, especially when inhibitions have been lost under the effect of alcohol.Perhaps
On Iritis
Authors: W. J. Moore
Journal: BMJ (1857)

decide the ultimate result.Still conscious of the great utility and applicability of that one remedy on which I had through- out relied, I steadily persevered in it, till the long-wished for sleep came to the rescue; and on wakening, after an almost uninterrupted sleep of thirty hours, what a change had taken place!The countenance had resumed the expression worn in lhealtlh; the bathing perspirations no longer bedewed the body; the pulse, which only a few hours previously had been thready, small, auid almost too rapid to count, was soft, fuller, and com- pressible; the urine, which had been voided in small quanti- ties, and involuntarily, was now abundant, and passed with consciouis-ness.The mind was clear; intelligible questions were asked and answered by him: in a word, the disease had vanislhed vwith the long sleep, leaving behind a deficiency of strengtll bhut slowly to be regained, and bad habits to be aimnended.Mly patient was well.During the fifteen days of the continuance of this attack, I administered seventy-nine draclhms of laudanum, besides ten grains of solid opium, and twenty-five and a half grains of acetate of morphia, which were taken in the form of pill.
Lack of Evidence for a Causal Role of Hyperinsulinemia in the Progression of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Rana Halloun, Alfonso Galderisi, Sonia Caprio, Ram Weiss
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)

The carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) claims that chronic exposure to hyperinsulinemia induced by dietary carbohydrates explains development of obesity via direct effects of insulin and/or low postprandial metabolic fuel levels. We aimed at testing whether indices of hyperinsulinemia and postprandial glucose levels can predict increases in the degree of obesity over time.Children and adolescents with obesity attending a pediatric obesity clinic performed oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and received standard obesity management. Indices of hyperinsulinemia and insulin secretion were derived from the OGTT and evaluated in the face of changes in the degree of obesity over time.A total of 591 children (217 males and 374 females) participated, and the mean follow-up was 1.86 ± 1.29 years. OGTT-derived area under the curve of insulin, peak insulin, fasting insulin, the insulinogenic index, or insulin at 30 min were not associated with greater changes in the degree of obesity in univariate or multivariate analyses (adjusted for baseline age, BMI z score, sex, and ethnicity). Low postprandial glucose <75 mg/dL was not associated with greater changes in the degree of obesity in univariate or multivariate analyses. In a subsample of 104 participants with a follow-up >4 years, none of these parameters was associated with greater increases in the degree of obesity.In children and adolescents with obesity, exposure to hyperinsulinemia, greater insulin secretion, or low postprandial glucose is not associated with greater increases in the degree of obesity over 2-4 years. The CIM should be evaluated in children with lower BMI and for longer follow-up periods.
Empire Rheumatism Council : Multi-Centre Controlled Trial of Cortisone Acetate and Acetyl Salicylic Acid in the Long-Term Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Results of Three Years' Treatment
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

IntroductionIn December, 1955, the Empire Rheumatism Council published an account of a therapeutic trial conducted in nine centres in Great Britain comparing the effects of cortisone acetate and acetyl salicylic acid given to patients with rheumatoid arthritis over a period of one year (Empire Rheumatism Council, 1955).The results coincided closely with those of the somewhat similar therapeutic trial of cortisone and aspirin in early cases of rheumatoid arthritis conducted by the Medical Research Council and Nuffield Foundation (1954, 1955); no significant differences were found between the two groups of patients over the course of the year, although clinical improvement and radiological deterioration had occurred to a similar extent in both groups.A report on the results of following-up these two groups of patients for the second year was prepared, but not published, and the present report, collating the results of all three years, carries the story to the end of the third and final year.Because of withdrawals at
Ceritinib Outperforms Chemo as Second-Line Treatment
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Abstract Many oncologists have already adopted ceritinib as a second-line treatment for ALK-positive non–small cell lung cancer in patients who have developed resistance to crizotinib. The results of a randomized trial, presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology 2016 Congress, confirm that ceritinib is an effective option because it increases progression-free survival by 4 months over chemotherapy.
HEREDITARY SYPHILIS.
Authors: L. DUNCAN BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

This topic is one of great practical interest. Fournier has wisely remarked that "nothing is so dangerous to its surroundings as a syphilitic infant,"<sup>1</sup>and it can not be without interest and value to discuss a subject so vitally connected with the welfare of many of those whom we are called upon to treat. The subject of hereditary syphilis is such a vast one that it is difficult to determine just what points to present, and each aspect is capable of development far beyond the proper limits of these introductory remarks. First, it may be said that our consideration will be confined to<i>hereditary</i>syphilis, as distinguished from the broader subject of<i>infantile</i>syphilis; for the latter properly includes that acquired after birth in innumerable ways, such as in nursing, feeding, vaccination, circumcision, and many others, and even a primary sore acquired while passing through the mother's parts. It
First Anti–PD-L1 Drug Approved for NSCLC
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Based on the results of two large international randomized trials, the FDA approved the anti-PD-L1 agent atezolizumab in October. It is the first PD-L1 inhibitor approved for use in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that has advanced in spite of treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy.
<i>Spinal Concussion: Surgically Considered as a Cause of Spinal Injury, and Neurologically Restricted to a Certain Symptom Group, for which is Suggested the Designation Erichsen's Disease, as one form of the Traumatic Neuroses.</i>By S. V. Clevenger, M. D. Illustrated, Philadelphia and London: F. A. Davis, 1889
Authors: C. E. A.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1890)
Gastrointestinal polyposis.
Authors: H J Bussey
Journal: Gut (1970)

Progress report Gastrointestinal polyposisGastrointestinal polyposis is an expression which can be applied to a variety of different syndromes in which multiple pedunculated or sessile tumours are present on the mucosa of the stomach, duodenum, small bowel, colon, or rectum.The polyposis may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract or only a part of it, most often the large bowel.Polyposis is detected by clinical and radiological examination but at the present time the different syndromes can mostly be recognized only by histological examination of one or more polyps1'2.Those most commonly encountered are the inflammatory and adenomatous types: the hamarto- matous varieties, benign lymphoid polyposis, lipomatous, lymphosarcomatous and neurofibromatous types of polyposis are very rare3.Assessment of the number of polyps present and their anatomical distribution is important in the differential diagnosis.Some of these conditions have been known for a long time, others were recognized only recently; some are definitely genetic in origin while others are less certainly so; several forms affect the whole gastrointestinal tract, usually with segmental preference, but others may be confined to one region only.Since all are rare, and some extremely so, it is not surprising that there are difficulties in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal polyposis.The position has not been helped by the use of the clinical term 'polyposis' to cover all varieties, no matter what their histological type, and also in a special sense for familial adenomatosis (polyposis coli).It is convenient to subdivide the different varieties of polyposis as follows: (1) those mainly involving the stomach, (2) those mainly involving the colon and rectum, and (3) those involving the entire gastrointestinal tract.However, it is emphasized that our knowledge of these diseases is very imperfect and modifications will almost certainly be necessary as the result of future research. Gastric PolyposisRadiological examination sometimes reveals multiple tumours confined to the stomach.Often these are regenerative (inflammatory) polyps associated with atrophic gastritis.In Menetrier's disease (giant hypertrophic gastritis) a radiological diagnosis of 'polyposis' can be misleading as the mucosal abnormality is due to giant rugal folds and not to any neoplastic or true inflammatory process4'5.Genuine gastric adenomas are very uncommon but can be multiple6; they also occur in association with Addisonian anaemia7'8.There is yet no evidence of an inherited or genetic cause as in familial polyposis coli.Occasionally multiple small polyps of hamartomatous nature are found in the stomach and even in association with adenomatous polyposis of on July 22, 2023 by guest.
Clinical Lecture on Chorea and its Treatment
Authors: W. F. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1872)

WVE will pass on, then, to the consideration of the question, What is the best plan cf treating ordinary cases ?In the first place, knowing that some at least will get well if placed in suitable conditions, we have to say what conditions are suitable.Amongst the most important is a sufficiency of good, plain, wholesome food.Even more important than this, in my estimation, is rest in bed, which keeps the muscular and nervous systems in the greatest attainable repose, and thus prevents wear and tear; it also secures an uniform warm temperature.I prescribe two tablespoonfuls of compound decoction of aloes twice or thrice a day, as these patients are very often constipated; and an aloetic purgative is more likely than any other to bring away ascarides or joints of tapeworm, should any be present; and we know that worms seem to be sometimes the exciting cause of chorea.It is not desirable to produce much action on the bowels; and, to avoid this, it may be necessary to omit or diminish the medicine.Under these circumstances, patients often begin to improve very soon, and in not a few of them the improvement is continuously progressive.XVhen this is so, I act upon that greatest of therapeutic maxims, " Let well alone."