tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Health Risks of Conducted Electrical Weapon Exposure
Authors: Christos Baliatsas, Jenny Gerbecks, Michel L. A. Dückers, C. Joris Yzermans
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) are used broadly as a less-lethal force option for police officers. However, there is no clear picture of the possible health risks in humans on the basis of rigorously assessed scientific evidence from the international peer-reviewed literature.To synthesize and systematically evaluate the strength of published evidence for an association between exposure to different models of CEWs and adverse acute as well as chronic conditions.Following a preregistered review protocol, the literature search strategy was based on a search of reviews published between January 1, 2000, and April 24, 2020, of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library, as well as relevant online databases and bibliographic sources, such as reference sections of recent publications. The identified studies were independently assessed in terms of scope, relevance, methodologic bias, and quality. Peer-reviewed publications of human studies were included, using original data and with a focus on the use of taser CEWs in the context of law enforcement. Eligible studies examined clearly defined health outcomes as dependent variables following exposure to a CEW. The review followed the relevant sections of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline. A meta-analysis could not be conducted.Of the 1081 unique records screened, 33 relevant studies were identified, all of them of experimental design and conducted in the US. Eleven studies had a low risk of bias and 22 had a higher bias risk. Studies focused on outcomes such as physiologic stress responses, heart rate, blood pressure, arrhythmias, or cognitive performance. Independently of bias risk, the studies reported few or no acute health problems, apart from the wounds caused by the darts. Furthermore, no long-term outcomes were studied. Most of the studies were performed on healthy, physically fit individuals (eg, police officers) in a controlled setting, with short exposure duration (5 seconds). Half of the studies, mainly those with a higher risk of bias, were at least partly funded by the manufacturer.Based on the findings of the reviewed studies, the risk for adverse health outcomes due to CEW exposure can be currently estimated as low. However, most of the reviewed studies had methodologic limitations. Considering that recruited participants were not representative of the population that usually encounters a CEW deployment, it is not possible to draw conclusions regarding exposure outcomes in potentially vulnerable populations or high-risk groups, such as those under the influence of substances.
Financing of US Graduate Medical Education—Reply
Authors: Justin A. Grischkan, Ari B. Friedman, Amitabh Chandra
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Respectful disagreement: the covid-19 shielding list
Authors: Anthony N Williams
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Respectful disagreement: the covid-19 shielding list Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Cough Triggers and Symptoms Among Patients with Refractory or Unexplained Chronic Cough in Two Phase 3 Trials of the P2X3 Receptor Antagonist Gefapixant (COUGH-1 and COUGH-2)
Authors: Alyn Morice, Surinder Birring, Peter Dicpinigaitis, Lorcan McGarvey, Ian Pavord, Jaclyn Smith, Carmen La Rosa, Qing Li, Allison Martin Nguyen, Jonathan Schelfhout, Anjela Tzontcheva, David Muccino
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Camptothecin and Topotecan, Inhibitors of Transcription Factor Fli‐1 and Topoisomerase, Markedly Ameliorate Lupus Nephritis in (NZB × NZW)F1 Mice and Reduce the Production of Inflammatory Mediators in Human Renal Cells
Authors: Xuan Wang, Jim C. Oates, Kristi L. Helke, Gary S. Gilkeson, Xian K. Zhang
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2021)

Objective To examine the therapeutic effects of camptothecin (CPT) and topotecan (TPT), inhibitors of transcription factor Fli‐1 and topoisomerase, on lupus nephritis in (NZB × NZW)F1 (NZBWF1) mice, and to examine the effects of CPT and TPT on inflammatory mediators in human renal cells. Methods Female NZBWF1 mice were treated with vehicle, cyclophosphamide (CYC), CPT (1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg), or TPT (0.03 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, or 0. 3 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection twice a week, beginning at the age of 25 weeks (n = 8–10 mice per group). Blood and urine were collected for monitoring autoantibodies and proteinuria. Mice were euthanized at 40 weeks, and renal pathology scores were assessed. Human renal endothelial and mesangial cells were treated with CPT or TPT, and cytokine expression was measured. Results None of the NZBWF1 mice treated with 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg of CPT or 0.3 mg/kg of TPT had proteinuria &gt;100 mg/dl at the age of 40 weeks. One of 8 mice treated with 0.1 mg/kg of TPT and 1 of 10 mice treated with CYC had proteinuria &gt;300 mg/dl, whereas 90% of the mice treated with vehicle had proteinuria &gt;300 mg/dl. Compared to vehicle control, mice treated with 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg of CPT, 0.1 mg/kg or 0.3 mg/kg of TPT, or CYC had significantly prolonged survival, attenuated renal injury, diminished splenomegaly, reduced anti–double‐stranded DNA autoantibody levels, and reduced IgG and C3 deposits in the glomeruli (all P &lt; 0.05). Human renal cells treated with CPT or TPT had reduced expression of Fli‐1 and decreased monocyte chemotactic protein 1 production following stimulation with interferon‐α (IFNα) or IFNγ. Conclusion Our findings indicate that low‐dose CPT and TPT could be repurposed to treat lupus nephritis.
Somatic PRPF8 Mutations in Myeloid Neoplasia
Authors: Vera Adema, Cassandra M. Hirsch, Bartlomiej P. Przychodzen, Yasunobu Nagata, Elise Lemelle, Aziz Nazha, Hetty E. Carraway, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Valeria Visconte, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Richard A Padgett
Journal: Blood (2017)
Human galectin-1 and galectin-3 promote <i>Tropheryma whipplei</i> infection
Authors: Diyoly Ayona, Sandra Madariaga Zarza, Ludovic Landemarre, Benoît Roubinet, Philippe Decloquement, Didier Raoult, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Benoit Desnues
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Tropheryma whipplei, is an actinobacterium that causes different infections in humans, including Whipple's disease. The bacterium infects and replicates in macrophages, leading to a Th2-biased immune response. Previous studies have shown that T. whipplei harbors complex surface glycoproteins with evidence of sialylation. However, the exact contribution of these glycoproteins for infection and survival remains obscure. To address this, we characterized the bacterial glycoprofile and evaluated the involvement of human β-galactoside-binding lectins, Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) which are highly expressed by macrophages as receptors for bacterial glycans.Tropheryma whipplei glycoproteins harbor different sugars including glucose, mannose, fucose, β-galactose and sialic acid. Mass spectrometry identification revealed that these glycoproteins were membrane- and virulence-associated glycoproteins. Most of these glycoproteins are highly sialylated and N-glycosylated while some of them are rich in poly-N-acetyllactosamine (Poly-LAcNAc) and bind Gal-1 and Gal-3. In vitro, T. whipplei modulates the expression and cellular distribution of Gal-1 and Gal-3. Although both galectins promote T. whipplei infection by enhancing bacterial cell entry, only Gal-3 is required for optimal bacterial uptake. Finally, we found that serum levels of Gal-1 and Gal-3 were altered in patients with T. whipplei infections as compared to healthy individuals, suggesting that galectins are also involved in vivo.Among T. whipplei membrane-associated proteins, poly-LacNAc rich-glycoproteins promote infection through interaction with galectins. T. whipplei modulates the expression of Gal-1 and Gal-3 both in vitro and in vivo. Drugs interfering with galectin–glycan interactions may provide new avenues for the treatment and diagnosis of T. whipplei infections.
Rheumatology in 2049: the age of <i>all data</i>
Authors: Johanna Mucke, Philipp Sewerin, Matthias Schneider
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

> If you think about the unthinkable long enough it becomes quite reasonable.
> 
> Josephine Tey (1896–1952)British author
Have you ever thought about what our life as specialists for rheumatic diseases will look like in 2049? The amount of data gathered from us and our patients is increasing exponentially, and eventually, these data will be used to improve and facilitate patient’s care. We, that means primarily rheumatologists and—as the responsibilities will also change with all data —all other health professionals involved in the care of patients with rheumatic diseases, should know what to expect and actively contribute to this process.

It is 10:00 on a sunny 21 July in 2049 and you are currently at your most favourite place in the world: a small cottage in the mountains, a vineyard in France or your house with a breath-taking view of the sea. You just finished your morning round on your virtual ward and a glimpse at your computer shows that 99% of the 50 000 customers in your virtual practice do not have any complaints and are enjoying their life without health-related limitations. In fact, most of them have never even had any symptoms as they were diagnosed before disease manifestation and preventive measures have successfully been applied. Like every morning, the system reports a few patients that deviate from their normal status. In some patients, the system has already adapted or changed therapy or has given behavioural advice. Most patients do not need any further adjustments. The system has identified two customers who need personal assessment in your virtual clinic, and therefore, an appointment has already been made. Other patients are still on your agenda for the virtual expert meeting this afternoon, as they do not fit into the known disease entities or treatment standards. Your avatar will present these complex cases to the other …
Abstract 14624: Early RHF Post Tricuspid Valve Repair Performed Concurrent With LVAD Implantation is Not Associated With Late RHF
Authors: Yaron Barac, Muath Bishawi, Alina Nicoara, Jacob Schroder, Joseph G Rogers, Chetan B Patel, Mani Daneshmand, Nazish K. Hashmi, Eric J Velazquez, Carmelo A Milano
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Surgical management of significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) at the time of LVAD implantation is performed in an attempt to reduce the occurrence of postoperative right heart failure (RHF). RHF ...
Phone Apps and Wearable Trackers Modestly Improve Activity
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cutaneous Epstein-Barr virus–positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: A systematic review and comparative analysis with Epstein-Barr virus–negative, leg type
Authors: Joon Min Jung, Hyoung Min Na, Chong Hyun Won, Sung Eun Chang, Mi Woo Lee, Jee Ho Choi, Woo Jin Lee
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2021)
Growing backlog of planned surgery due to covid-19
Authors: Andrew Carr, James A Smith, Jenny Camaradou, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19 continues to have a severe effect on planned surgery in the UK, and dealing with the resulting backlog is a critical concern for the NHS.Data from NHS England show that the number of patients awaiting treatment hit a record high of 4.46 million in November 2020, 1 with the number of referrals well below 2019 levels.The same data suggest that roughly 2.3 million people are currently waiting for surgical care.
eTumorMetastasis: A Network-Based Algorithm Predicts Clinical Outcomes Using Whole-Exome Sequencing Data of Cancer Patients
Authors: Jean-Sébastien Milanese, Chabane Tibiche, Naif Zaman, Jinfeng Zou, Pengyong Han, Zhigang Meng, Andre Nantel, Arnaud Droit, Edwin Wang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2021)

Abstract Continual reduction in sequencing cost is expanding the accessibility of genome sequencing data for routine clinical applications. However, the lack of methods to construct machine learning-based predictive models using these datasets has become a crucial bottleneck for the application of sequencing technology in clinics. Here, we develop a new algorithm, eTumorMetastasis, which transforms tumor functional mutations into network-based profiles and identifies network operational gene (NOG) signatures. NOG signatures model the tipping point at which a tumor cell shifts from a state that doesn’t favor recurrence to one that does. We show that NOG signatures derived from genomic mutations of tumor founding clones (i.e., the ‘most recent common ancestor’ of the cells within a tumor) significantly distinguish the recurred and non-recurred breast tumors as well as outperform the most popular genomic test (i.e., Oncotype DX). These results imply that mutations of the tumor founding clones are associated with tumor recurrence and can be used to predict clinical outcomes. As such, predictive tools could be used in clinics to guide treatment routes. Finally, the concepts underlying the eTumorMetastasis pave the way for the application of genome sequencing in predictions for other complex genetic diseases. eTumorMetastasis pseudocode and related data used in this study are available at https://github.com/WangEdwinLab/eTumorMetastasis.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A FOOD ALLERGY WRITTEN ACTION PLAN IN A COMMUNITY-BASED HOSPITAL TO REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF FOOD-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION 12 MONTHS TO 18YEARS OLD
Authors: Data Don-Pedro, Bamzai Rashi, Chioma Osemwegie, Mayela Duque Blanco, Vivian Vega, Olayinka Odetola, Juhishree Adhikari
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Nasal Allergic Symptoms are Highly Reproducible in Cat-Allergic Mild Asthmatics in a Naturalistic Exposure Chamber
Authors: William Yang, Suzanne Kelly, Laura Haya, Rym Mehri, Divya Ramesh, Michelle DeVeaux, Pretty Meier, Sumit Narula, Furat Shawki, Lorah Perlee, Gary Herman, Meagan OBrien
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Covid-19 vaccination: the dangers of “values” imperialism
Authors: Shyan Goh
Journal: BMJ (2021)

In response to Schwartz on equitable global access to covid-19 vaccines,1 Lloyd-Sherlock and colleagues2 consider Indonesia's approach to vaccination programmes as ageist. They attribute the prioritisation of working adults under 60 years over older people to age discrimination and injustice. I ask fellow readers to consider the following:
IGFBP5 and IGF-II act synergistically on the proliferation of cerebellar progenitors of the external granule cell layer and medulloblastoma cells
Authors: Wolfgang Hartmann, Arend Koch, Ulrich Schueller, Anke Waha, Indra Dani, Hendrik Brune, Otmar D. Wiestler, Karl Schilling, Torsten Pietsch
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

4579  Medulloblastomas (MB) represent the most frequent malignant brain tumors of childhood. Cerebellar granule cell progenitors (GCP) of the external granule cell layer are thought to represent the progenitor cells of at least one subtype, the desmoplastic variant (DMB). Activating genetic alterations of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-Patched signaling pathway have been identified particularly in this subtype. It has previously been shown that Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) mRNA is expressed at higher levels in DMB than in the classic variant (CMB). Using a quantitative RT-PCR assay, we screened a panel of 16 classic and 10 desmoplastic MB for mRNA expression of Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5). While IGFBP5 has previously been characterized as a negatively regulated target in Hedgehog signaling, we found that expression of IGFBP5 was significantly higher in DMB than in CMB. In search of the regulatory background of this finding, we performed in vitro experiments with murine GCP prepared at day P8. Treatment with recombinant murine (rm)Shh lead to a significant decrease in IGFBP5 mRNA expression. In contrast, stimulation with rmIGF-II resulted in a 5.3-fold transcriptional induction of IGFBP5. Using luciferase reporter assays, we found that IGF-II also induces IGFBP5 transcriptional activity in human MB cells. To elucidate the impact of IGFBP5 on cell proliferation, we treated murine GCP and human MB cells with appropriate levels of IGF-II and IGFBP5. 3H-thymidine uptake assays revealed that, in MB cells and GCP alike, IGFBP5 and IGF-II act synergistically to regulate cellular proliferative activity. In conclusion, our data suggest that IGF-II mediated upregulation of IGFBP5 results in synergistic growth promotion in MB. Furthermore, they imply that the Hedgehog and IGF signaling pathways converge in the molecular pathogenesis of medulloblastoma.
Mass spectrometry for the evaluation of monoclonal proteins in multiple myeloma and related disorders: an International Myeloma Working Group Mass Spectrometry Committee Report
Authors: David L. Murray, Noemi Puig, Sigurdur Kristinsson, Saad Z. Usmani, Angela Dispenzieri, Giada Bianchi, Shaji Kumar, Wee Joo Chng, Roman Hajek, Bruno Paiva, Anders Waage, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Brian Durie
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2021)

Abstract Plasma cell disorders (PCDs) are identified in the clinical lab by detecting the monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein) which they produce. Traditionally, serum protein electrophoresis methods have been utilized to detect and isotype M-proteins. Increasing demands to detect low-level disease and new therapeutic monoclonal immunoglobulin treatments have stretched the electrophoretic methods to their analytical limits. Newer techniques based on mass spectrometry (MS) are emerging which have improved clinical and analytical performance. MS is gaining traction into clinical laboratories, and has replaced immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) in routine practice at one institution. The International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) Mass Spectrometry Committee reviewed the literature in order to summarize current data and to make recommendations regarding the role of mass spectrometric methods in diagnosing and monitoring patients with myeloma and related disorders. Current literature demonstrates that immune-enrichment of immunoglobulins coupled to intact light chain MALDI-TOF MS has clinical characteristics equivalent in performance to IFE with added benefits of detecting additional risk factors for PCDs, differentiating M-protein from therapeutic antibodies, and is a suitable replacement for IFE for diagnosing and monitoring multiple myeloma and related PCDs. In this paper we discuss the IMWG recommendations for the use of MS in PCDs.
Measurable residual disease assessed by mass spectrometry in peripheral blood in multiple myeloma in a phase II trial of carfilzomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone and autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Benjamin A. Derman, Andrew T. Stefka, Ken Jiang, Amanda McIver, Tadeusz Kubicki, Jagoda K. Jasielec, Andrzej J. Jakubowiak
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2021)
Food Reintroduction after Passing an Oral Food Challenge: A Cross-Sectional Structured Interview-Based Assessment of Barriers, Challenges, and Impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Christina Ditlof, Roxanne Hummel, Samantha Wong, Mara Alexanian-Farr, Slavka Zahrebelny, Jennifer Hoang, Lisa Hung, Julia Upton, A.D.E.L.L.E. ATKINSON, Maria Asper, David Hummel, Thomas Eiwegger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
A multidisciplinary ED-based fall prevention intervention reduced subsequent ED visits in older adults
Authors: Bruce Lo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Source Citation Goldberg EM, Marks SJ, Resnik LJ, et al. Can an emergency department-initiated intervention prevent subsequent falls and health care use in older adults? A randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2020;76:739-50. 32854965