tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In-Hospital Mortality in a Cohort of Hospitalized Pregnant and Nonpregnant Patients With COVID-19
Authors: José H. Pagliery
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

LettersDecember 2021In-Hospital Mortality in a Cohort of Hospitalized Pregnant and Nonpregnant Patients With COVID-19FREEJosé H. Pagliery, MDJosé H. Pagliery, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L21-0633 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: Pineles and colleagues (1) compared 2 groups of hospitalized women with viral pneumonia who had COVID-19. The title of their brief research report suggests that the comparison was between pregnant and nonpregnant women. Of note, the nonpregnant women were predominantly older and had more comorbidities. Were these differences in age and comorbidities statistically significant?Reference1. Pineles BL, Goodman KE, Pineles L, et al. In-hospital mortality in a cohort of hospitalized pregnant and nonpregnant patients with COVID-19. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174:1186-8. [PMID: 33971101] doi:10.7326/M21-0974 LinkGoogle Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L21-0633. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIn-Hospital Mortality in a Cohort of Hospitalized Pregnant and Nonpregnant Patients With COVID-19 Beth L. Pineles , Katherine E. Goodman , Lisa Pineles , Lyndsay M. O’Hara , Gita Nadimpalli , Laurence S. Magder , Jonathan D. Baghdadi , Jacqueline G. Parchem , and Anthony D. Harris In-Hospital Mortality in a Cohort of Hospitalized Pregnant and Nonpregnant Patients With COVID-19 Beth L. Pineles and Anthony D. Harris In-Hospital Mortality in a Cohort of Hospitalized Pregnant and Nonpregnant Patients With COVID-19 Federico Prefumo Metrics December 2021Volume 174, Issue 12Page: 1779KeywordsCOVID-19Cohort studiesEpidemiologyIntensive care unitsInterquartile rangeMortalityPatientsPregnancyPrevention, policy, and public healthViral pneumonia ePublished: 21 December 2021 Issue Published: December 2021 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2021 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
4MO Final overall survival (OS) data of sintilimab plus pemetrexed (SPP) and platinum as first-line (1L) treatment for locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC (AMnsqNSCLC) in the phase III ORIENT-11 study
Authors: Y. Yang, Z. Wang, J. Fang, Q. Yu, B. Han, S. Cang, G. Chen, X. Mei, Z. Yang, V. Stefaniak, Y. Lin, S. Wang, W. Zhang, L. Sun, Y. Zhang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
Correlation of PET/CT and Brain MRI Findings in Human African Trypanosomiasis Encephalitis
Authors: Licia Pacheco Luna, Zahra Meleki, Amirali Modir Shanechi, Vivek Yedavalli, Ali Cahid Civelek
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

A 49-year-old woman from Cameroon presented with history of several months of worsening headache, lethargy, left arm weakness, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Brain MRI demonstrated multifocal signal abnormality and enhancement involving the bilateral basal ganglia and cerebral white matter. FDG PET/CT performed as part of lymphadenopathy evaluation demonstrated patchy areas of increased metabolic activity of the brain parenchyma. Human African trypanosomiasis or African sleeping sickness is a protozoan infection caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense transmitted by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. It is important to recognize the signs and symptoms in nonendemic countries to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.
Abstract MP19: Characteristics And Patterns Of Retention In Hypertension Care In Primary Care Settings: Findings From The Hypertension Treatment In Nigeria Program
Authors: Jiancheng Ye, Ikechukwu Orji, Abigail S Baldridge, Tunde Ojo, Grace Shedul, Eugenia Ugwuneji, Nonye Egenti, Kasarachi Omitiran, Rosemary Okoli, Helen Eze, Ada Nwankwo, Lisa Hirschhorn, Aashima Chopra, Boni Ale, Gabriel Shedul, Priya Tripathi, Namratha Kandula, Mark D Huffman, Dike Ojji
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: More than 1.2 billion adults have hypertension globally, which contributes to more than 19 million deaths due to cardiovascular diseases each year. High retention in clinical care is essential for long-term management of hypertension, but 1-year retention rates are &lt;50% in many resource-limited settings. Objective: To describe retention rates and associated factors among patients with hypertension in primary health care centers in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Methods: Data were collected by trained study staff from adults ≥18 years at 60 public, primary healthcare centers between January 2020 and July 2021 as part of the Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria Program. The 3-month rolling average 37-day retention rate in hypertension care was calculated by dividing the number of patients that had a second visits within 37 days of their first visit by the total number of registered hypertensive patients over multiple consecutive 3-month periods. Regression models were created to evaluate associations between patient-, site-, area council-level factors, treatment and control status, and 37-day retention rate. Results: In total 10,686 patients (68.2% female, mean [SD] age = 48.8 [12.7] years) were included. Over the study period, the 3-month rolling average 37-day retention rate was 41% (95% CI: 37% – 46%, Figure 1 ) with wide variability. The retention rate was higher among patients who were older (adjusted OR (aOR) [95% CI]: 1.01 per year [1.007, 1.014]), female (aOR [95% CI]: 1.11 [1.002, 1.22]), higher BMI (aOR [95% CI]: 1.01 [1.002, 1.02]), Kuje area council (aOR [95% CI]: 2.29 [1.28, 4.09]), being treated at the first visit (aOR [95% CI]: 1.20 [1.08, 1.33]), and being controlled at the second visit (aOR [95% CI]: 1.33 [1.20, 1.47]). Conclusions: Retention in hypertension care is suboptimal in primary health care centers in Nigeria, although variability was seen. Modifiable factors associated with retention were identified and may be targets for multilevel, contextualized implementation strategies.
Standing Watch: Immune Activation and Failure in Melanoma Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Authors: Amanda W. Lund
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Summary An unbiased approach to map the sentinel lymph node landscape reveals progressive immune dysfunction associated with micrometastasis in patients with stage I–III cutaneous melanoma. Evidence of tumor-induced lymph node dysfunction may motivate new hypotheses for neoadjuvant therapy with potential to reinvigorate endogenous antitumor immunity. See related article by Yaddanapudi et al., p. 2069
PRC2 Inhibitors Overcome Glucocorticoid Resistance Driven by <i>NSD2</i> Mutation in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Jianping Li, Julia Hlavka-Zhang, Jonathan H. Shrimp, Crissandra Piper, Daphne Dupéré-Richér, Jacob S. Roth, Duohui Jing, Heidi L. Casellas Román, Catalina Troche, Alok Swaroop, Marta Kulis, Jon A. Oyer, Christine M. Will, Min Shen, Alberto Riva, Richard L. Bennett, Adolfo A. Ferrando, Matthew D. Hall, Richard B. Lock, Jonathan D. Licht
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Abstract Mutations in epigenetic regulators are common in relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Here, we uncovered the mechanism underlying the relapse of ALL driven by an activating mutation of the NSD2 histone methyltransferase (p.E1099K). Using high-throughput drug screening, we found that NSD2-mutant cells were specifically resistant to glucocorticoids. Correction of this mutation restored glucocorticoid sensitivity. The transcriptional response to glucocorticoids was blocked in NSD2-mutant cells due to depressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels and the failure of glucocorticoids to autoactivate GR expression. Although H3K27me3 was globally decreased by NSD2 p.E1099K, H3K27me3 accumulated at the NR3C1 (GR) promoter. Pretreatment of NSD2 p.E1099K cell lines and patient-derived xenograft samples with PRC2 inhibitors reversed glucocorticoid resistance in vitro and in vivo. PRC2 inhibitors restored NR3C1 autoactivation by glucocorticoids, increasing GR levels and allowing GR binding and activation of proapoptotic genes. These findings suggest a new therapeutic approach to relapsed ALL associated with NSD2 mutation. Significance: NSD2 histone methyltransferase mutations observed in relapsed pediatric ALL drove glucocorticoid resistance by repression of the GR and abrogation of GR gene autoactivation due to accumulation of K3K27me3 at its promoter. Pretreatment with PRC2 inhibitors reversed resistance, suggesting a new therapeutic approach to these patients with ALL. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Abstract 065: Educational Attainment And Dementia Risk: Mediation By Vascular Risk Factors At Mid-life In The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Chelsea Liu, Yuan Ma, Albert Hofman, Reem Waziry, Silvia Koton, James R Pike, B Gwen Windham, Melinda C Power, A R Sharrett, Rebecca F Gottesman
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Dementia prevention largely focuses on the modification of vascular risk factors and is particularly important among stroke survivors, who have the highest burden of vascular risk factors and are at elevated risk of dementia. Low educational attainment is a risk factor not only for worse vascular profiles at midlife but also for incident dementia. It is unclear to what extent the relationship between education and dementia is mediated through these vascular risk factors. Methods: In a cohort of 14,059 Black and White older adults in four U.S. communities, we assessed the relationship between education and dementia among all participants and, separately, among those with incident stroke. We used causal mediation analysis to assess multiple mediation by midlife hypertension, diabetes, BMI and smoking of the relationship between educational attainment and dementia. Results: Participants with less education had higher prevalence of mid-life risk factors. Lower education was associated with 60% higher risk of dementia and 40% higher risk of post-stroke dementia. About half of the association between education and dementia was mediated through vascular risk factors (Table 1). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of the relationship between education and dementia risk is indeed not mediated through mid-life vascular risk factors. The association between education and dementia was weaker in the high-risk participants who have had an incident stroke, indicating that more proximal causes such as vascular disease prior to the stroke superseded the distal cause of differences in educational attainment. As such, any mediated effect of education on dementia is likely through vascular risk factors earlier on in the life-course. Our findings suggest that dementia prevention efforts must also address disparities in socioeconomic resources as well as other mediating pathways.
FDG PET/CT in Isolated Spermatic Cord Metastasis From Colon Cancer
Authors: Xia Ji, Aisheng Dong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Isolated spermatic cord metastasis is extremely rare. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of isolated spermatic cord metastasis from colon cancer detected 27 months after colectomy. The tumor showed intense focal FDG uptake in the right spermatic cord mimicking a primary spermatic cord malignancy.
Abstract P225: Depressive Symptoms Are Not Associated With Clinically Important Levels Of Home Blood Pressure In The Electronic Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Jasmine Lee, Xuzhi Wang, Chunyu Liu, Chathurangi H Pathiravasan, Emelia J Benjamin, David D McManus, Joanne M Murabito
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Depressive symptoms are common and share many biopsychosocial mechanisms with hypertension, but cross-sectional studies on their association have produced inconsistent results. The emergence of digital home blood pressure (BP) measurements may provide additional insight into the relationship. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that depressive symptoms would be modestly associated with higher home BP and hypertension prevalence in participants of the electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS). Methods: FHS participants who attended research exam 3 (2016-2019) were invited to enroll in eFHS. They downloaded a smartphone app and were provided a digital BP cuff to measure their weekly BP for up to 1 year. Participants who had at least 3 home BPs were included. Depressive symptoms were measured at the exam using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scored 0-60. We used linear mixed regression models to test the association of CES-D score (independent) with home SBP and DBP (dependent) and a logistic regression model to evaluate the association of depressive symptoms (defined as CES-D ≥16) with prevalent hypertension, adjusting for age, sex, cohort, lifestyle factors, diabetes, and CVD. Results: The study sample included 855 eFHS participants (mean age 53 years, 59% women, 9% multi-ethnic). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 7% (CES-D score mean±SD, 5.7±6.6). The mean SBP and DBP were 119 and 76 mmHg; the prevalence of hypertension was 48%. CES-D score was modestly associated with home BP; a 1 SD higher CES-D corresponded with 0.9 and 0.6 mmHg higher mean SBP and DBP respectively (Table). Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with home BP or hypertension prevalence (OR=3.16, 95% CI, 0.96-10.43). Antidepressant use attenuated the relationship. Conclusion: CES-D score had a small positive association with digital home BP, but it was not clinically substantive. The association of depression and hypertension risk warrants more data, which may be supported by mobile health.
Oral Nirmatrelvir for High-Risk, Nonhospitalized Adults with Covid-19
Authors: Jennifer Hammond, Heidi Leister-Tebbe, Annie Gardner, Paula Abreu, Weihang Bao, Wayne Wisemandle, MaryLynn Baniecki, Victoria M. Hendrick, Bharat Damle, Abraham Simón-Campos, Rienk Pypstra, James M. Rusnak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Nirmatrelvir is an orally administered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitor with potent pan–human-coronavirus activity in vitro.
Phase II/III study of circulating tumor DNA as a predictive biomarker in adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II colon cancer: NRG-GI005 (COBRA).
Authors: Van K. Morris, Greg Yothers, Scott Kopetz, Samuel A. Jacobs, Peter C. Lucas, Atif Iqbal, Patrick M Boland, Dustin A. Deming, Aaron James Scott, Howard John Lim, Theodore S. Hong, Norman Wolmark, Thomas J. George
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS233 Background: There are currently no validated predictive biomarkers for stage II resected colon cancer (CC) after adjuvant chemotherapy. However, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) shed into the bloodstream represents a highly specific and sensitive approach for identifying microscopic or residual tumor cells. For patients (pts) with CC, the detection of ctDNA is associated with persistent disease after resection and may outperform traditional clinical and pathological features in prognosticating risk for recurrence. We hypothesize that for pts whose stage II colon cancer has been resected and who have no traditional high-risk features, a positive ctDNA status may identify those who will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: In this prospective phase II/III clinical trial, pts (N = 1,408) with resected stage II CC without traditional high-risk features and whom the evaluating oncologist deems suitable for active surveillance (i.e., not needing adjuvant chemotherapy) will be randomized 1:1 into 2 arms: standard-of-care/observation (Arm A), or prospective testing for ctDNA (Arm B). Postoperative blood will be analyzed for ctDNA with the Guardant Reveal assay, covering CC-relevant mutations and CC-specific methylation profiling. Pts in Arm B with ctDNA detected will be treated with 6 months of adjuvant (FOLFOX) chemotherapy. For all pts in Arm A, ctDNA status will be analyzed retrospectively at the time of endpoint analysis. The primary endpoints are clearance of ctDNA with adjuvant chemotherapy (phase II) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) for “ctDNA-detected” pts treated with or without adjuvant chemotherapy (phase III). Secondary endpoints will include time-to-event outcomes (OS, RFS, TTR) by ctDNA marker status and treatment, prevalence of detectable ctDNA in stage II CC, and rates of compliance with assigned intervention. Archived normal and matched tumor and blood samples will be collected for exploratory correlative research. Enrollment continues across North America to the 540-patient phase II endpoint. Support: U10-CA-180868, -180822; UG1CA-189867; GuardantHealth. Clinical trial information: NCT04068103.
Incidentally Detected High SSTR Expression in Uterine Leiomyoma on DOTANOC PET/CT
Authors: Shreya Datta Gupta, Prateek Kaushik, Prashant Ramteke, Abhishek Kumar Mallik, Asuri Krishna, J.B. Sharma, Nishikant Avinash Damle
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

A 38-year-old woman with a 2-month history of per vaginal bleeding and episodes of palpitations, headache, and vomiting underwent 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT for evaluation, which revealed a left suprarenal mass and a large uterine mass, both of which were intensely tracer avid. Histopathology of the masses after surgery revealed a left pheochromocytoma and uterine leiomyoma. SSTR-expressing leiomyoma is an uncommon finding and must be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of DOTANOC-avid uterine mass.
False-Positive 123I-Uptake Mimics Metastatic Lung Disease in a Patient With Interstitial Lung Disease Secondary to Scleroderma
Authors: David Posocco, Bhishak Kamat, Simin Dadparvar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract A 59-year-old woman with a history of papillary thyroid cancer status post total thyroidectomy and 131 I ablation therapy presented with lower back pain and leg weakness. MRI of the lumbar spine revealed homogenously enhancing lesions at L1–L2 and L3–L4. Subsequent whole-body 123 I-Na scan demonstrated significant 123 I retention in the mid to distal esophagus, as well as diffuse uptake in basal segments of the lungs bilaterally. SPECT/CT of the lumbar vertebra was unremarkable. Although 123 I-Na uptake often indicates metastatic recurrence, these findings were better explained by nonspecific radioiodine uptake secondary to systemic complications of the patient’s underlying scleroderma.
The durability of immunity against reinfection by SARS-CoV-2: a comparative evolutionary study
Authors: Jeffrey P Townsend, Hayley B Hassler, Zheng Wang, Sayaka Miura, Jaiveer Singh, Sudhir Kumar, Nancy H Ruddle, Alison P Galvani, Alex Dornburg
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2021)

Among the most consequential unknowns of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic are the durability of immunity and time to likely reinfection. There are limited direct data on SARS-CoV-2 long-term immune responses and reinfection. The aim of this study is to use data on the durability of immunity among evolutionarily close coronavirus relatives of SARS-CoV-2 to estimate times to reinfection by a comparative evolutionary analysis of related viruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, human coronavirus (HCoV)-229E, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-NL63.We conducted phylogenetic analyses of the S, M, and ORF1b genes to reconstruct a maximum-likelihood molecular phylogeny of human-infecting coronaviruses. This phylogeny enabled comparative analyses of peak-normalised nucleocapsid protein, spike protein, and whole-virus lysate IgG antibody optical density levels, in conjunction with reinfection data on endemic human-infecting coronaviruses. We performed ancestral and descendent states analyses to estimate the expected declines in antibody levels over time, the probabilities of reinfection based on antibody level, and the anticipated times to reinfection after recovery under conditions of endemic transmission for SARS-CoV-2, as well as the other human-infecting coronaviruses.We obtained antibody optical density data for six human-infecting coronaviruses, extending from 128 days to 28 years after infection between 1984 and 2020. These data provided a means to estimate profiles of the typical antibody decline and probabilities of reinfection over time under endemic conditions. Reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 under endemic conditions would likely occur between 3 months and 5·1 years after peak antibody response, with a median of 16 months. This protection is less than half the duration revealed for the endemic coronaviruses circulating among humans (5-95% quantiles 15 months to 10 years for HCoV-OC43, 31 months to 12 years for HCoV-NL63, and 16 months to 12 years for HCoV-229E). For SARS-CoV, the 5-95% quantiles were 4 months to 6 years, whereas the 95% quantiles for MERS-CoV were inconsistent by dataset.The timeframe for reinfection is fundamental to numerous aspects of public health decision making. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, reinfection is likely to become increasingly common. Maintaining public health measures that curb transmission-including among individuals who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2-coupled with persistent efforts to accelerate vaccination worldwide is critical to the prevention of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.US National Science Foundation.
Association Between Sarcomeric Variants in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Myocardial Oxygenation: Insights From a Novel Oxygen-Sensitive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Approach
Authors: Betty Raman, Elizabeth M. Tunnicliffe, Kenneth Chan, Rina Ariga, Moritz Hundertmark, Eric O. Ohuma, Sanjay Sivalokanathan, Yi Jie Gifford Tan, Masliza Mahmod, Aaron T. Hess, Theodoros D. Karamitsos, Joseph Selvanayagam, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Hugh Watkins, Stefan Neubauer
Journal: Circulation (2021)
Identification of DNA Damage Repair Enzyme <i>Ascc2</i> as Causal for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Yang Cao, Calvin Pan, Yu-Chen Wang, Zhiqiang Zhou, Vida Jedian, Yonghong Meng, Gillian Campbell, Kristina Guardino, Christopher Li, Jessica Wang, Aldons J. Lusis
Journal: Circulation (2022)
68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in Isolated Bilateral Adrenal Metastases From Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qian Zhao, Bo Yang, Aisheng Dong, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

A 65-year-old man with treated prostate adenocarcinoma underwent 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan for restaging due to significantly increased serum PSA levels. PET/CT showed bilateral adrenal masses with high 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake. There was no other lesion suspicious for metastasis. The laboratory and imaging findings were consisted with isolated bilateral adrenal metastases from prostate adenocarcinoma. The patient received docetaxel chemotherapy in combination with androgen deprivation therapy. PSA levels gradually decreased during chemotherapy. Follow-up MRI showed the bilateral adrenal masses significantly decreased in size. This case demonstrates the usefulness of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in identifying atypical metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma.