tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High Serum Transaminase Activity Associated with Extra-hepatic Biliary Disease
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chemistry: General, Medical, and Pharmaceutical including the Chemistry of the U. S. Pharmacopœia.
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A New Combination Immunotherapy in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Adam E. Frampton, Shivan Sivakumar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

With combination immunotherapy, the 5-year survival of patients with advanced melanoma is now approximately 50%. Outcomes can still be further improved, and evaluating new immune checkpoint targets is an attractive possibility. Patients with advanced melanoma have a reduced immune response to tumors, owing to an elevated expression of inhibitory receptors on tumor antigen–specific T cells, combined with exhaustion of the immune system by persistent antigenic stimulation. An immune checkpoint is a regulator of the immune system that is important for maintaining self-tolerance (the ability of the immune system to recognize self antigens as harmless while appropriately mounting a response to . . .
Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift, Basel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Errors in Results in Abstract and Text and in Figure 2
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2020)

Hang Zhou, PhD; Christopher T. Rentsch, PhD; Zhongshan Cheng, PhD; Rachel L. Kember, PhD; Yaira Z. Nunez, BS; Richard M. Sherva, PhD; Janet P. Tate, MPH, ScD; Cecilia Dao, PhD; Ke Xu, MD; Renato Polimanti, PhD; Lindsay A. Farrer, PhD; Amy C. Justice, MD, PhD; Henry R. Kranzler, MD; Joel Gelernter, MD; Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
Alien J-1 Physicians in a Pandemic
Authors: Bashir Al Hussein Al Awamlh
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Alien J-1 Physicians in a Pandemic Every time I arrive at John F. Kennedy airport after what always feels like a short vacation home, I share a laugh with the border protection officer reviewing my paperwork at how my name includes almost all the letters of the alphabet, and how my job description reads "alien physician.""Like I'm from outer space!"I say.In 2020, however, like so many other foreign medical graduates (FMGs) who are alien (non-US citizen) physicians, I was not able to joke about my extraterrestrial status-I was warned not to travel outside of the US, as it might jeopardize my residency.The US Code of Federal Regulations defines "alien" physician as a non-US citizen medical graduate pursuing training at an accredited school or medical institution in the US.The Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) is the J-1 visa sponsor for alien physicians-a nonimmigrant visa category for individuals approved to participate in work-based and study-based exchange visitor programs, such as residency or fellowship training.The J-1 visa is the most common visa used by FMGs. 1 Over the last decade, the number of J-1 physicians has increased by 62% such that in 2019, a total of 12 046 FMGs worked in nearly 750 teaching hospitals across the US. 2 This increase over time underscores the growing reliance of the health care system on J-1 physicians and the integral role they play in taking care of US patients.Currently, under the Duration of Status provision, a J-1 physician's authorized stay in the US is extended automatically each year for subsequent training years when the J-1 sponsorship extension is approved by the ECFMG, after a rigorous review is conducted to ensure that J-1 physicians are compliant with visa requirements and are progressing through their training programs as planned.In September 2020 the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement proposed a rule change regarding how all J-1 visa holders, including physicians, extend their period of authorized stay in the US, the goal being to reduce visa overstays. 3Despite no evidence that J-1 physicians overstay their visas, the proposed rule would require extending the visa either while the physician is in the US through United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, which is reported to take up to 19 months, or at a US consulate in the physician's home country. 4If adopted, this rule will create difficult timelines and may force J-1 physicians to travel internationally, disrupting training and further stretching an already overburdened health care system during a pandemic.It will also add another major source of stress for J-1 physicians.It is no secret that residency takes a toll on one's personal life, requiring many sacrifices that residents and their loved ones must endure.And for FMGs, the toll might be heavier as we adjust to a different culture and health care system and, for some, even learn to speak a
The Pneumothorax and Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
News Beyond Our Pages
Authors: Marc E. Rothenberg, Jean Bousquet
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)

Despite our increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, including excess cysteinyl leukotriene production and mast-cell activation, treatment options remain limited. Hayashi et al (Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Mar 6. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201906-1215OC) performed the first double-blind, randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of the anti-IgE mAb omalizumab in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease and detectable environmental allergen-specific IgE.
Cancer statistics, 2022
Authors: Rebecca L. Siegel, Kimberly D. Miller, Hannah E. Fuchs, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2022)

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes. Incidence data (through 2018) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2019) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2022, 1,918,030 new cancer cases and 609,360 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States, including approximately 350 deaths per day from lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death. Incidence during 2014 through 2018 continued a slow increase for female breast cancer (by 0.5% annually) and remained stable for prostate cancer, despite a 4% to 6% annual increase for advanced disease since 2011. Consequently, the proportion of prostate cancer diagnosed at a distant stage increased from 3.9% to 8.2% over the past decade. In contrast, lung cancer incidence continued to decline steeply for advanced disease while rates for localized-stage increased suddenly by 4.5% annually, contributing to gains both in the proportion of localized-stage diagnoses (from 17% in 2004 to 28% in 2018) and 3-year relative survival (from 21% to 31%). Mortality patterns reflect incidence trends, with declines accelerating for lung cancer, slowing for breast cancer, and stabilizing for prostate cancer. In summary, progress has stagnated for breast and prostate cancers but strengthened for lung cancer, coinciding with changes in medical practice related to cancer screening and/or treatment. More targeted cancer control interventions and investment in improved early detection and treatment would facilitate reductions in cancer mortality.
Liquid biopsy for diagnosis in patients with suspected pancreatic and biliary tract cancers: PREVAIL ctDNA pilot trial.
Authors: Justin Mencel, Andrew Feber, Ruwaida Begum, Paul Carter, Michaela Smalley, Elli Bourmpaki, Josh Shur, Sameer Zar, Darina Kohoutova, Sanjay Popat, Angela George, Terri Patricia McVeigh, Michael Hubank, Clare Peckitt, Charlotte Victoria Fribbens, David J. Watkins, Sheela Rao, Ian Chau, David Cunningham, Naureen Starling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

522 Background: Most patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) and biliary tract cancer (BTC) present with advanced disease. In confirmed cases, circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) may be detected through liquid biopsy in 80-90%. Obtaining a diagnostic biopsy can be technically challenging, require complex invasive procedures and may not be feasible due to comorbidity. Reduction in capacity of aerosol generating diagnostic procedures in many healthcare systems due to COVID19 has highlighted the unmet need for simple, non-invasive diagnostic tools. We piloted the use of ctDNA to support the diagnostic pathway in patients with suspected cancer across 6 tumour types, here we present its use in PC/BTC. Methods: This single centre prospective cohort pilot trial was conducted at the Royal Marsden from June 2020 to August 2021. 16 patients were planned each in the PC and BTC cohorts. Eligibility included radiologically suspicious PC/BTC without histological diagnosis, patients with prior non-diagnostic biopsy and inaccessible tumours. Liquid biopsy for ctDNA was collected for plasma based next generation sequencing, using a custom 59 gene panel of common variants in PC/BTC tumours, including analysis for somatic, copy number and structural variants. Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and germline variants were identified and subtracted. A molecular tumour board (MTB) reviewed results for interpretation and clinical context. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a ctDNA result consistent with a diagnosis of malignancy following MTB discussion. Results: 32 patients with suspected PC (n= 16) and BTC (n=16) were recruited. Baseline characteristics are shown in table. ctDNA was detected in 69% and 56% of patients with suspected PC and BTC respectively. MTB discussion confirmed all variants detected were consistent with a diagnosis of malignancy. At the time of data cut off, 23 patients had a subsequent biopsy. The sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA as a diagnostic tool was 80% (90% CI 49.3-96.3) and 100% (90% CI 36.8-100) for PC respectively, and 100% (90% CI 60.7-100) and 75% (90% CI 24.9-98.7) for BTC respectively. There were 2 false negatives in the PC cohort subsequently diagnosed with PC, and 1 false positive in the BTC cohort subsequently diagnosed with oesophageal cancer. Conclusions: ctDNA can be used to support a diagnosis of cancer in patients with radiologically suspected PC/BTC. A blood first, tissue second strategy in the diagnosis of PC/BTC could improve diagnostic efficiency, speed, and add resilience to the current diagnostic pathway. Clinical trial information: NCT04566614. [Table: see text]
Adjuvant S-1 versus observation in curatively resected biliary tract cancer: A phase III trial (JCOG1202: ASCOT).
Authors: Masafumi Ikeda, Kohei Nakachi, Masaru Konishi, Shogo Nomura, Hiroshi Katayama, Tomoko Kataoka, Katsuhiko Uesaka, Hiroaki Yanagimoto, Soichiro Morinaga, Hiroshi Wada, Kazuaki Shimada, Yu Takahashi, Toshio Nakagohri, Kunihito Gotoh, Ken Kamata, Yasuhiro Shimizu, Makoto Ueno, Hiroshi Ishii, Takuji Okusaka, Junji Furuse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

382 Background: Capecitabine is usually used for patients with curatively resected biliary tract cancer (BTC) in EU and US, but no clear survival benefit has been shown in phase III trials. S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine derivative, has shown promising efficacy, with a mild toxicity profile, in patients with advanced BTC. The aim of this trial was to confirm whether adjuvant S-1 therapy might improve the overall survival (OS) in patients with curatively resected BTC. Methods: This open-label, multicenter, randomized phase III trial was conducted in 38 Japanese hospitals. Eligible patients were aged 20 to 80 years old, had undergone R0/R1 resection for histologically confirmed adeno(squamous) carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder or ampulla of Vater (T2-4, N0, M0 or T1-4, N1, M0) or the intrahepatic bile duct (T1-4, N0-1, M0) (7th UICC classification), and had an ECOG performance status (PS) of 0 or 1.The calculated sample size was 440 to detect hazard ratio for OS of 0.74 with one-sided alpha of 5% and a power of 80%. Patients in surgery-alone arm received no further anti-cancer treatment, while those in adjuvant S-1 arm received 4 cycles of oral S-1 chemotherapy at the dose of 40 mg/m 2 twice daily for 4 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of rest. Primary endpoint was OS, and secondary endpoints were relapse-free survival (RFS), incidence of adverse events, and proportion of treatment completion. Results: A total of 440 patients (surgery-alone, n = 222; adjuvant S-1, n = 218) were enrolled from September 2013 to June 2018. The data cutoff date was June 23, 2021, and the median follow-up duration was 45.4 months. Of all randomized patients, OS was significantly longer with adjuvant S-1 than surgery-alone (hazard ratio [HR] 0.694, 95%CI, 0.514-0.935; one-sided p = 0.008; the 3-year OS, 67.6% [surgery-alone; 95%CI, 61.0-73.3%] and 77.1% [adjuvant S-1; 95%CI, 70.9-82.1%]). Adjuvant S-1 was also better for RFS (HR 0.797 [95%CI, 0.613-1.035], 3-year RFS, 50.9% [surgery-alone; 95%CI, 44.1-57.2%] and 62.4% [adjuvant S-1; 95%CI, 55.6-68.4%]). All preplanned subgroup analyses (PS, age, cancer type, cancer stage, R factor, and serum CA19-9) revealed favorable OS and RFS for adjuvant S-1 arm. The main grade 3-4 adverse events in adjuvant S-1 arm were biliary tract infection (7.2%), diarrhea (2.9%), appetite loss (2.9%), fatigue (2.9%), and the treatment was well-tolerated. Conclusions: Adjuvant S-1 therapy led to significantly longer survival than surgery alone and becomes the standard of care for resected BTC. Clinical trial information: UMIN000011688.
Should e-cigarettes be licensed as medicines?
Authors: Nicholas S Hopkinson, Jørgen Vestbo, Andrew Bush, Jonathan Grigg
Journal: BMJ (2022)

As the UK announces support for medicinal licensing of e-cigarettes, <b>Nicholas S Hopkinson</b> argues that this will give doctors another means to help smokers quit. But <b>Jørgen Vestbo</b>, <b>Andrew Bush</b>, and <b>Jonathan Grigg</b> say that its benefit is unproved and that harms are likely
Correction to: Long non-coding RNA UCA1 promotes malignant phenotypes of renal cancer cells by modulating the miR-182-5p/DLL4 axis as a ceRNA
Authors: Wei Wang, Wentao Hu, Ya Wang, Yong An, Lei Song, Panfeng Shang, Zhongjin Yue
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Editorial: Familial medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Familial Mledullary Carcinoma of the ThyroidMedullary carcinoma of the thyroid is a tumour of the para- follicular or C cells, which produce calcitonin.It tends to occur in families, and is associated with phaeochromocytomas, parathyroid hyperplasia or adenomas, and occasionally with Gushing's syndrome.1 2 It has been classified3 as the multiple-endocrine-adenomatosis syndrome, type II, as distinct from the type I syndrome characterized by pituitary, parathyroid, pancreatic islet cell, and adrenal adenomas.Some patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid have a combination of multiple buccal and orbital neuromas, an unusual facies with thick lips, a marfanoid habitus, a proximal myopathy, and megacolon.Most cases with multiple neuro- mas have been sporadic, and this could prove to be an entity distinct from the multiple-endocrine-adenomatosis syndrome
The Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Bortezomib Containing VMP Followed By Bortezomib Maintenance Therapy in Unfit or Frail Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Naoki Takezako, Michihide Tokuhira, Naohiro Sekiguchi, Yuya Kurihara, Kenichi Ito, Miwa Kurimoto, Kenshi Suzuki, Masahiro Kizaki
Journal: Blood (2016)
A prospective, multicenter, international randomized trial comparing four reperfusion strategies in acute myocardial infarction: Principal report of the controlled abciximab and device investigation to lower late angioplasty complications (CADILLAC) trial Gregg W. Stone, Cindy L. Grines, David A. Cox, Eulogio Garcia, James E. Tcheng, Thomas Stuckey, John Carroll, Giulio Guagliumi, Barry Rutherford, Gary Johnson, Mark Effron, Paolo Esente, Alexandra J. Lansky, John Griffin. The Cardiovascular …
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The public cost of motorcycle trauma
Authors: F. P. Rivara
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Despite the effectiveness of motorcycle helmet legislation, many states have repealed these laws during the last decade. Aspects often neglected by policy-makers are who pays for the care of these victims and how much of this cost is subsidized by public funds. To determine the extent of this subsidy, we studied the cost of care of 105 motorcyclists hospitalized at a major trauma center during a 12-month period. Total direct costs for these 105 patients, followed up for a mean of 20 months, were more than $2.7 million, with an average of $25 764 per patient. Only 60% of the direct costs were accounted for by the initial hospital care; 23% of costs were for rehabilitation care or readmission for treatment of acute problems. The majority (63.4%) of care was paid for by public funds, with Medicaid accounting for more than half of all charges. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:221-223)
Intrahepatic Pregnancy
Authors: Gary J. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE INCIDENCE of ectopic pregnancy ranges from one in 84 to one in 357 live births.<sup>1</sup>The most common site of implantation is within the fallopian tubes; abdominal pregnancies are unusual, and primary hepatic pregnancies are extremely rare. A computer search revealed only six cases<sup>2-7</sup>of placental attachment to the liver in the English-language literature since Cornell and Lash<sup>8</sup>reported eight cases in 1933. The presence of a fetus has been described in only two of these cases<sup>6,7</sup>; either chorionic villi or trophoblasts have been documented in the remaining reports. While preoperative angiography was described in one case,<sup>3</sup>newer imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and imaging with magnetic resonance (MR) have not been used in the diagnosis and evaluation of hepatic pregnancy. These techniques have a greater ability to define tissue planes, thus allowing more accurate diagnosis and preoperative planning by the