tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Common Medical Diagnoses: An Algorithmic Approach
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

This revised and updated edition of this popular text offers comprehensive coverage of virtually every common complaint encountered in practice today - from fatigue and fever to muscle weakness and low back pain. Easy-to-reference, this text is organised by body system so that readers may simply reference a sign, symptom or abnormal laboratory finding by its area or origin and follow the algorithm to a logical diagnosis.
Clinical measurement of myocardial infarct size. Modification of a method for the estimation of total creatine phosphokinase release after myocardial infarction.
Authors: R MNorris, R MWhitlock, CBarratt-Boyes, C WSmall
Journal: Circulation (1975)

A modified method for the measurement of total creatine phosphokinase release from venous blood samples taken four-hourly after myocardial infarction has been used in 43 patients admitted to a Coronary Care Unit. The fractional decay rate (Kd) of enzyme activity has been measured by a standardized method in each patient, and accuracy of the calculation of total enzyme release has been improved by allowance for individual variations in decay rate, and discarding of data from which decay rates cannot be measured within confidence limits of less than plus or minus 15 per cent. Total enzyme release was greater in cases of transmural infarction than in patients with subendocardial infarction, and showed a good positive correlation with clinical indices of the extent of myocardial damage. As noted by previous workers, this method allows for the measurement of the rate as well as the extent of enzyme release, and so should prove useful in the clinical evaluation of therapeutic agents which might accelerate or re...
Development changes in the human cardiac isomyosin distribution: an immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: PBouvagnet, SNeveu, MMontoya, J JLeger
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

With monoclonal antibodies (Mab) specific for myosin heavy chain (MHC) isozymes, we have investigated the isomyosin content of atrial, ventricular and conductive fibers of 19 human fetuses (ranging from 14-36 weeks of gestation) and 3 newborns (2 days-2 weeks). In addition, the conduction system of 2 human adult hearts was studied. The fetal atrium is composed mostly of alpha-MHC during the first 23 weeks of gestation. beta-MHC is already expressed as traces at 14 weeks of gestation, and its expression increases progressively until birth, resulting in a great augmentation in beta-MHC. During this course, beta-MHC always predominates in certain areas (the crista terminalis and the interatrial septum) but not in other areas (the auricles). Preceding birth, the fetal ventricle is composed mostly of beta-MHC. From 14 weeks of gestation to birth, alpha-MHC is expressed in very rare fibers. Then, after birth, a large number of fibers simultaneously synthesize alpha-MHC. The AV node and His bundle system were la...
Vagal mediation of the effects of atrial natriuretic factor on blood pressure and arterial baroreflexes in the rabbit.
Authors: MVolpe, ACuocolo, FVecchione, A FMele, MCondorelli, BTrimarco
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

We investigated the hemodynamic effect of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor Auriculin A (ANF) and its influence on arterial baroreflex control of heart rate, systemic blood pressure, and perfusion pressure in the hind limb (perfused at constant flow) in rabbits anesthetized with alpha-chloralose and urethane. The neural mechanisms underlying these effects were also studied. In the intact animal, a 45-minute constant infusion of ANF (2 micrograms/kg prime, 0.2 microgram/kg/min) significantly reduced mean blood pressure and increased mean perfusion pressure, while heart rate did not change. Comparable data were obtained with lower (0.5 microgram/kg + 0.05 microgram/kg/min; 1 microgram/kg + 0.1 microgram/kg/min) or higher (4 micrograms/kg + 0.4 microgram/kg/min; 8 micrograms/kg + 0.8 microgram/kg/min) doses of ANF. In addition, ANF enhanced bradycardic reflex responses to phenylephrine i.v. bolus administration, while it did not change baroreflex-mediated responses to nitroglycerin i.v. bolus administratio...
Early alterations of the baroreceptor control of heart rate in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: GOsculati, GGrassi, CGiannattasio, GSeravalle, FValagussa, AZanchetti, GMancia
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Experimental coronary occlusion is accompanied by an acute impairment of the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex. This study was planned to determine whether this impairment also occurs in humans. In 30 patients admitted to a coronary care unit for an anterior (n = 14) or inferior (n = 16) transmural myocardial infarction (MI), we measured 1) the increase in RR interval induced by stimulating carotid baroreceptors through progressive reductions in neck chamber pressure, 2) the increase in RR interval induced by stimulating arterial baroreceptors through intravenous boluses of phenylephrine, and 3) the reduction in RR interval induced by deactivating arterial baroreceptors through intravenous boluses of nitroglycerin. Measurements were performed 49.5 +/- 2.4 hours (mean +/- SEM) after the MI. The results were compared with those of five age-matched patients admitted to the coronary care unit for chest pain and found free from ischemic heart disease. The sensitivity of the carotid baroreceptor-heart rate reflex ...
Lung Tumors and Heredity. I. The Susceptibility of Four Inbred Strains of Mice and Their Hybrids to Pulmonary Tumors Induced by Subcutaneous Injection&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: W. E. Heston
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1940)

Lung Tumors and Heredity. I. The Susceptibility of Four Inbred Strains of Mice and Their Hybrids to Pulmonary Tumors Induced by Subcutaneous Injection Get access W. E. Heston W. E. Heston research fellow National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1940-1941, Pages 105–111, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/1.1.105 Published: 01 August 1940
Mechanism of impaired baroreflex control in prehypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
Authors: F JGordon, A LMark
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a low salt diet demonstrate functional impairment in baroreflex control of cardiovascular function prior to the development of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanism(s) responsible for impaired baroreflex control in prehypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats. To examine the central and efferent portions of the baroreflex arc, we electrically stimulated the aortic depressor nerve of urethane anesthetized Dahl salt-sensitive and Dahl salt-resistant rats while recording arterial pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic nerve activity. Aortic nerve stimulation produced equivalent responses in both groups, indicating that central and efferent mechanisms could not account for functional baroreflex impairment. In separate groups of Dahl rats, multifiber afferent aortic baroreceptor discharge was recorded while arterial pressure was increased with phenylephrine. Prehypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats demonstrated significantly less baroreceptor activation t...
アフリカにおける子宮頸癌予防プログラム内の提供者の能力を構築するためのeラーニングモデルの実行:カメルーンにおける成功した経験【JST・京大機械翻訳】
Authors: Fokom Domgue Joel, Baker Ellen, Manjuh Florence, Lopez Varon Melissa, Elit Lorraine, Welty Edith, Milbourne Andrea, Starr Ellen, Welty Thomas, Parham Groesbeck P, Ramondetta Lois, Randall Thomas, Basu Partha, Waxman Alan, Hawk Ernest, Schmeler Kathleen, Shete Sanjay
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)
The Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of stable angina: current status.
Authors: TTakaro, H NHultgren, K MDetre, PPeduzzi
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The current status of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of the effect of surgery on survival in patients with stable angina is presented. The outcome in 686 adult males randomly allocated to medical or surgical treatment groups in 1972-1974 was studied in subgroups of patients classified by invasive (arteriographic) and noninvasive risk factors. In 91 patients with left main lesions reducing the luminal diameter 50% or more, surgery significantly improved survival in the two-thirds characterized as middle or high risk by four simple noninvasive predictors of prognosis (New York Heart Association functional classification III or IV, history of myocardial infarction, history of hypertension, and ST-segment depression on the resting baseline ECG as assessed on a centralized reading). Patients with three-vessel disease and no significant disease of the left main coronary artery also had better survival rates when treated surgically. However, this was statistically significant at 6 years only in th...
Epicardial mapping and electrocardiographic models of myocardial ischemic injury.
Authors: G TSmith, GGeary, WRuf, T HRoelofs, J JMcNamara
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The amplitude and distribution of epicardial ST-segment elevation (ST) were examined for an 8-hour period after coronary occlusion in eight baboons and five pigs. ST was determined from unipolar epicardial electrograms obtained from a high-resolution matrix of fixed electrodes overlying a transmural region of ischemia. A relatively uniform degree of ST was observed overlying the ischemic region for 20 minutes after coronary occlusion. A gradient in ST from the periphery to the center of the ischemic region was documented after 20 minutes of ischemia. In 10 other pigs, change in the degree of ST was examined contingent on either an increase (five pigs) or decrease (five pigs) in the size of the ischemic region after 1 hour of preexisting ischemia. An abrupt increase in the number of electrodes that showed ST (NST) from 7.8 +/- 1.24 (SEM) to 14.8 +/- 1.35 (90%) was associated with an increase in mean ST of 58% from 4.28 +/- 0.61 mV to 6.78 +/- 0.84 (p less than 0.05). An abrupt decrease in NST from 25.2 +/-...
Angiotensin-induced desensitization of the phosphoinositide pathway in cardiac cells occurs at the level of the receptor.
Authors: M MAbdellatif, C FNeubauer, W JLederer, T BRogers
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Previous studies show that angiotensin II (Ang II) increases phosphoinositide turnover in cultured neonatal heart cells. Ang II has also been shown to transiently increase spontaneous beating behavior in these cells. In this study we seek to identify the molecular mechanism underlying this rapid (3-5-minute) desensitization. Time-course studies on the accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphates indicate that the loss in functional responsiveness correlates with reduced efficacy of Ang II to activate the phosphoinositide path. Binding studies with 125I-Ang II revealed that there was no change in surface receptor binding capacity during the time in which desensitization developed. Normal phosphoinositide and functional responses are observed when desensitized cells are treated with probes that activate the cardiac phosphoinositide pathway at discrete steps. These studies reveal that the functional status of the major components of the phosphoinositide signaling pathway, including G proteins, phospholipase C, an...
Re: Predictive Value of Symptoms for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Susan J. Jordan, Michael D. Coory, Penelope M. Webb
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

In a recent issue of the Journal, Rossing et al. presented sensitivities, specificities, and positive predictive values that were associated with consensus criteria for diagnosis of ovarian cancer and with the Goff symptom index. It is important to validate predictive models in different settings, and so we repeated the analyses with data from patients with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (n = 1215) and population-based control subjects (n = 1456) who were aged 20–79 years and who participated in an Australian study between 2002 and 2005.  Whether earlier diagnosis can alter outcomes for women with ovarian cancer is uncertain, but rapid diagnosis in symptomatic women may have benefits beyond enhanced survival. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Calculation of aortic valve area by Doppler echocardiography: a direct application of the continuity equation.
Authors: K LRichards, S RCannon, J FMiller, M HCrawford
Journal: Circulation (1986)

The continuity equation suggests that a ratio of velocities at two different cardiac valves is inversely proportional to the ratio of cross-sectional areas of the valves. To determine whether a ratio of mitral/aortic valve orifice velocities is useful in determining aortic valve area in patients with aortic stenosis, 10 control subjects and 22 patients with predominant aortic stenosis were examined by Doppler echocardiography. The ratio of (mean diastolic mitral velocity)/(mean systolic aortic velocity), (Vm)/(Va), and the ratio of (mitral diastolic velocity-time integral)/(aortic systolic velocity-time integral), (VTm)/(VTa), were determined from Doppler spectral recordings. Aortic valve area determined at catheterization by the Gorlin equation was the standard of reference. High-quality Doppler recordings were obtained in 30 of 32 subjects (94%). Catheterization documented valve areas of 0.5 to 2.6 (mean 1.1) cm2. There was good correlation between Doppler-determined (Vm)/(Va) and Gorlin valve area (r =...
TCTAP C-007 Late Presentation of Acute Coronary Syndrome with Double Acute Total Occlusion - A Challenging Case
Authors: Diyana Farouk, Hamat Hamdi Che Hassan, Shawal Faizal Mohamad, Patrick WJ. Tiau, Shathiskumar Govindaraju
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Effect of alpha-adrenergic blockade with prazosin on large coronary diameter during exercise.
Authors: K WBaran, R JBache, X ZDai, J SSchwartz
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDExercise-induced dilation of coronary resistance vessels is limited by alpha-adrenergic mechanisms. However, the effect of alpha-adrenergic mechanisms on large coronary arteries during exercise is not known.METHODS AND RESULTSIn the present study, sonomicrometry was used to measure circumflex coronary arterial diameter during treadmill exercise before and after alpha 1-adrenergic blockade with prazosin in eight instrumented dogs. Before infusion of prazosin, exercise caused a fall in coronary vascular resistance (2.1 +/- 0.4 to 1.6 +/- 0.2 units, p less than 0.05) and dilation of the circumflex coronary artery (4.66 +/- 0.37 to 4.79 +/- 0.34 mm, p less than 0.05). Intracoronary infusion of prazosin during exercise caused a further decrease in coronary vascular resistance (1.6 +/- 0.2 to 1.4 +/- 0.2 units, p less than 0.05) and a further increase in circumflex coronary arterial diameter (4.79 +/- 0.34 to 4.83 +/- 0.34 mm, p less than 0.05). Intracoronary infusion of vehicle without prazosin durin...
RESPONSE: Re: Polymorphisms Associated With Circulating Sex Hormone Levels in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: A. M. Dunning, M. Dowsett, C. S. Healey, R. N. Luben, E. Folkerd, P. D. P. Pharoah, D. F. Easton, N. E. D. Bruce, A. J. Ponder
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)
Pharmacodynamics of tissue-type plasminogen activator characterized by computer-assisted simulation.
Authors: A JTiefenbrunn, R AGraor, A KRobison, F VLucas, AHotchkiss, B ESobel
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Prospective characterization of pharmacodynamics of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is needed for diverse clinical applications. Accordingly, we used physiologically based, computer simulation of participating biochemical reactions in response to concentrations of circulating t-PA seen with infusions of 1 to 7 hr duration in 45 patients. Predicted values were compared with those from a  set obtained in six patients given t-PA for coronary thrombosis and six receiving therapy for peripheral arterial occlusion. Subsequently, results of simulation were compared prospectively with observations from a test set of 33 consecutive patients given low doses of t-PA for as long as 7 hr or higher doses for 1 to 2 hr and with data from 101 patients given t-PA in the European Cooperative Trial. Fits between observed and predicted values were close. Based on observations in the training set, the alpha 2-macroglobulin reaction with circulating plasmin and ongoing synthesis of plasminogen were incorpo...
Expression of nectin-1 and HVEM by tumor cells predicts sensitivity to herpes oncolytic therapy
Authors: Zhenkun Yu, Prasad S. Adusumilli, David P. Eisenberg, Elizabeth Darr, Sen Li, Bhuvanesh Singh, Jatin P. Shah, Yuman Fong, Richard J. Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

3370  Attenuated, oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSV) can infect and lyse a variety of malignant tumor cell lines. However, the determinants of tumor sensitivity to oncolytic HSV remain poorly understood. For successful infection of a tumor cell to occur, HSV-1 must attach and fuse with the cell membrane through one of three receptors (nectin-1, HVEM, 3-OST). We hypothesized that the level of receptor expression by tumor cells is a determinant of sensitivity to HSV entry and oncolysis. A panel of eight head and neck (1386, MSK922, 1986, SCC15, SCC25, HN686, MSKQLL1, MSKQLL2) and lung (H322, 2030, A157, H1299) carcinoma lines were studied. The CHOK1 cell line does not express nectin-1 or HVEM, and was used as a control. The expression of cell surface nectin-1 and HVEM receptors was measured by quantitative FACS using monoclonal fluorescent antibodies. Two parameters were measured: the average number of antibody binding sites per cell (ABS) and overall percentage of positive cells (PPC). An attenuated, oncolytic HSV (NV1023) expressing lacZ was used to determine sensitivity to HSV entry and cytotoxicity for each cell line. Viral entry was measured by lacZ assay (MOI 5, 12 hrs). Cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase assay (MOI 0.1, 72 hrs). Correlations as determined by Pearson’s coefficient between nectin-1 ABS and viral entry (0.52) or cytotoxicity (0.56) were both significant (p
Functional and morphological characteristics of compensated and decompensated cardiac hypertrophy in dogs with chronic infrarenal aorto-caval fistulas.
Authors: FLegault, J LRouleau, CJuneau, CRose, KRakusan
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The relation between cardiac hypertrophy, shunt size, myocardial contractility, capillary density, adrenergic responsiveness, and neurohumoral stimulation was evaluated in dogs with compensated and decompensated cardiac hypertrophy caused by an infrarenal aorto-caval shunt. Shunt size varied from 5 to 35 mm2 due to an inability to create a uniform size. Dogs that developed heart failure within 4 months had 25 +/- 2 mm2 shunts, whereas those that developed it after 4 months had 19 +/- 3 mm2 shunts; those that did not develop heart failure had 10 +/- 1 mm2 shunts. Hypertrophy developed at the same rate in all the dogs that developed heart failure, which occurred at a critical heart weight (hypertrophy) for a given load (shunt size). In the dogs with heart failure there was a decrease in myocardial contractility (tension = 5.7 +/- 0.6 vs. 7.3 +/- 0.3 g/mm2, p less than 0.05), a decrease in adrenergic responsiveness (maximal heart rate with isoproterenol = 203 +/- 7 vs. 249 +/- 5 beats/min, p less than 0.01),...
Assessment of aortic insufficiency by transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound.
Authors: D RBoughner
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Using a 2.2 MHZ directional Doppler ultrasound unit, the instantaneous peak aortic velocity pattern was recorded transcutaneously in 15 normal persons and 15 patients with aortic insufficiency. The transducer was positioned in the suprasternal notch and aimed posteriorly to cross the descending aortic arch at an angle approximately parallel to blood flow. The electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, and carotid pulse tracings were recorded simultaneously. In patients with aortic insufficiency there was significant diastolic flow that was not present in normal persons. The planimetered area under the systolic and diastolic velocity tracings represents the distance forward and backward that the stroke volume moves. The ratio was used to approximate the percent regurgitation, which ranged from 9% to 68%. From left ventricular angiograms in the patients with aortic regurgitation single plane ventricular volume measurements were used to calculate ventricular output and when compared with the Fick cardiac output gav...
Personalized Circulating Tumor DNA Dynamically Predicts Response and/or Relapse in Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Sousuke Nakamura, Kazuaki Yokoyama, Nozomi Yusa, Miho Ogawa, Tomomi Takei, Asako Kobayashi, Mika Ito, Masayuki Kobayashi, Eigo Shimizu, Rika Kasajima, Yuka Wada, Rui Yamaguchi, Seiya Imoto, Yoichi Furukawa, Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue, Satoru Miyano, Arinobu Tojo
Journal: Blood (2017)
Sodium pump inhibition, enhanced calcium influx via sodium-calcium exchange, and positive inotropic response in cultured heart cells.
Authors: W HBarry, YHasin, T WSmith
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The effects of sodium pump inhibition produced by exposure to the cardiac glycosides, ouabain or dihydroouabain, or by reduction in extracellular potassium to 1.0 mM, on contractile state and sodium-calcium exchange were studied in primary monolayer cultures of chick embryo ventricular cells. Ouabain, 10(-6)M, dihydroouabain, 5 X 10(-5)M, and extracellular potassium of 1.0 mM all induced similar and prominent positive inotropic effects. These effects were accompanied, in each case, by 40-50% inhibition of the rate of active uptake of 42K and by similar increases in steady state sodium content. Stimulation of the rate of 45Ca uptake on exposure to zero extracellular sodium occurred in response to extracellular potassium (1.0 mM) or to glycoside concentrations that induced a positive inotropic effect and sodium-potassium pump inhibition. Reactivation of the sodium pump after return from 1.0 to 4.0 mM extracellular potassium was rapid and was associated with membrane hyperpolarization and slowing of spontane...
Functional improvement precedes structural regression of atherosclerosis.
Authors: K HBenzuly, R CPadgett, SKaul, D JPiegors, M LArmstrong, D DHeistad
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDVasoconstrictor responses to serotonin are augmented in monkeys with diet-induced atherosclerosis and improve after 18 months of normal diet. We tested the hypothesis that functional improvement may occur early during regression, before evidence of structural improvement.METHODS AND RESULTSResponses of the iliac artery to serotonin were measured by quantitative angiography and a Doppler flow probe in several groups of monkeys: (1) normal monkeys, (2) monkeys fed an atherogenic diet for 2 years (atherosclerotic), and (3) monkeys fed an atherogenic diet for 2 years (preregression) followed by a normal diet for 4, 8, or 12 months (regression). In normal monkeys, serotonin produced minimal constriction of the iliac artery, and blood flow to the legs increased. In atherosclerotic monkeys, there was pronounced constriction of the iliac artery, and blood flow to the legs decreased markedly. After 4 months of regression diet, four of eight monkeys demonstrated marked reduction in hyperresponsiveness to ...
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: D. A. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I know of no reason whyThe Journalshould be moved from Chicago. It<i>always</i>reaches me on time and is chock full of the very best medical literature. I prefer to let well enough alone. Friendship, Tenn., March 31, 1891.