tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Croonian Lectures on Functional Derangements of the Liver
Authors: C. Murchison
Journal: BMJ (1874)

Bile; Choleslreor,cnia.TILE quantity of bile secreted by the liver has been shown experiment- ally to increase suddenly after a meal, reach its maximum in about tsvo hours, and then gradually decline; while by abstinience it is greatly lessened.ln conisidering the functional derangements of the liver, it is very necessary to remember that the total quantity of bile secreted in twenty-four hours by a man eating an ordinary amount of food is much larger thani mirht he expected from that which is discharged from the bowel.The (daily quanitity of human bile has been usually calculated from what has been observed in dogs with artificial biliary fistulke,* and the principal results liave been as follow.According to K6lliker and Miiller, a dog consuming daily about one-fifteenth of its own weight of meat secretes in tw-enty-four lhours 36.I parts of fluid bile in IOOO parts of its own wveight.According to Dr. George Scott, a dog consuming daily about one-fourteenth of its own weight of meat secretes in twenty-four hours 23.83 paits of fluid bile in IOOO parts of its own weight.Accord- ing to Bi(dder and Schmidt, a dog consuming daily about one-seventeentli of its own w-eight of meat secretes in twenty-four hours I9.I9 parts of fluicI bile in IOOO parts of its own weight.MIaking allowance for the greater relative weight of the liver in the dog than in man,t it follows from these results that the amount of fluid bile secreted in twenty-four hours by a man weighing I60 pounds, and on full diet, is, according to Kol]iler and Miiller 66.742 ounces Scott .. .. 42-763 Bidcler amAd Schmidt.. 11 Carpenter's Human PhYsiolhoY, 7th edition, p. 435.¶ Die Verdiz{otgss(dfte noitd des Stffzvecchsel, T852, p. 218.** Liebig states, that in the carnivora the whole of the bile is reabsorbed (Bttdd, o/.cit., p. 5it.Todd and Bowman also state that in carinivorouLs animals, " little or no bile is found in the excrements"; and " in the boa, althougli the liver is large, and no docibt secretes bile freely, the excrements contain no trace of bile" (Physiology, vol.ii, p. 259).AlthouLgh the excrement of snakes, after feeding, does present a brownish colour, and differs from the white masses of uric acid voided at other times, Marcet, who is an auithority on the subject, states that the excrement of the boa is " nearly entirelv composed of urates".(Philosof6hical Transactions, I854, p. 279.)
Vitreous surgery.
Authors: J Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

12 hours.His E.C.G. was monitored and he went into atrial fibrillation on a second occasion, reverting to sinus rhythm after six hours, again without treatment.His neurological condition showed steady improvement and he was dis- charged walking with sticks.The cause of his atrial fibrillation remains obscure though toxic myocarditis is a possibility.He had no obvious chest or other infec- tion nor evidence of ischaemic heart disease either clinically or on E.C.G.s taken before and after exertion."Paralysis of the heart" in neuropathy was described by Oslerl in 1892 and tachycardia was noted by Guillain,2 Kernohan,3 and others.Davies and Dingle4 described five patients with Guillain-Barrd syndrome, all on respirators, who had tachycardia, one of whom showed ventricular ectopic beats on the E.C.G.Of 15 recent cases seen in this hospital, eight had a pulse rate (between 120 and 160/min and half showed non-specific S-T changes in the E.C.G.This tachycardia was out of proportion to any expected rise asso- ciated with a pyrexia and tended to occur at the height of the illness.It may be that the mortality of around 10%5 seen in this condition despite effective positive pressure respiration may be in part due to cardiac arrhythmias, and on the pre- mise that these are potentially treatable E.C.G. monitoring of all patients showing a sustained tachycardia is advisable.I would like to thank Dr. P. Millac for per- mission to report this case and for helpful criticism.
Cost effectiveness of newly approved second/third-line agents in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC).
Authors: David Joseph Benjamin, Mark Lythgoe, Adam J N Raymakers, Arash Rezazadeh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

574 Background: Over the past years, the treatment landscape of platinum-refractory mUC has drastically changed with the advent of immunotherapy. More recently, several new agents including enfortumab, erdafitinib, and sacituzumab have received F.D.A. approval for the treatment of platinum-refractory mUC. It is unclear if these newly approved therapies may be cost prohibitive for patients and/or hospitals/clinics compared to the recommended NCCN category 1 second-line agent, pembrolizumab. Methods: Using acquisition costs from our home institution’s cancer center pharmacy department, we calculated the total cost of treatment for each agent. We used phase II clinical trial data to determine the median duration of treatment for each therapy. For weight-based therapies, we used 70 kg as the weight for an average human adult. Results: The three newly approved therapies for mUC have total acquisition costs in descending order as follows: enfortumab vedotin ($153,697.50), edafitinib ($131,642.62), and sacituzumab govitecan ($63,198.07). Enfortumab and sacituzumab likely have higher total costs given both therapies require infusion center use for administration, and are associated with infusion center administration fees. In comparison, pembrolizumab (standard of care per NCCN guidelines) has a total acquisition cost of $51,343.60. Conclusions: Based off median duration of treatment, pembrolizumab has the lowest total acquisition cost compared to the three newly approved therapies for mUC. Further statistical analysis of this data set is ongoing. In particular, analysis will include out-of-pocket costs for patients as well as quality-adjusted life years (QALY).[Table: see text]
Immunology/Infection/Inflammation free papers 091-104
Authors: S Parry, J Barton, M Welfare, I Mohammed, L Cherkas, S Riley, T Spector, N Trudgill, S Lal, J Mclaughlin, G Giampaolo, G Dockray, A Varro, D Thompson, J Jones, D Kendall, P Millns, C Hawkey, S Dunlop, D Jenkins, R Spiller, L Gregory, L Yaguez, S Coen, E Amaro, S Smale, A Hobson, S Williams, Q Aziz, V Chudleigh, E Brennan, S Tarry, S Myers, S Lewis, G Smith, K Palmer, Z Khan, E Simpson, A Cole, I Macdonald, D Pye, A Austin, J Freeman
Journal: Gut (2002)

Introduction: Previous studies, many uncontrolled, suggest 4 to 32% of people develop irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after ID.Little information is available on the development of other FGIDs after ID.Aim: To determine if patients with stool culture confirmed bacterial diarrhoea were more likely to develop gut symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of IBS, functional dyspepsia or functional diarrhoea at 3 and 6 month follow up compared with community controls.Methods: A prospective community-based case-control study over one year.Subjects with stool positive bacterial infectious diarrhoea and control subjects from the same primary care practice were invited to participate.The presence or not of IBS, functional dyspepsia or functional diarrhoea was diagnosed at the start and at follow up using self-complete Rome II modular questionnaires.The diagnosis of a baseline FGID excluded subjects from continuing.There were 128 cases and 219 community controls eligible and who consented to participate.Results: At follow up there was a higher incidence of FGIDs in the cases compared with controls, mainly due to a higher incidence of IBS (see table ).There was no difference in the incidence of functional dyspepsia between cases and controls.Conclusions: IBS and functional diarrhoea is diagnosed more frequently in people at three and six-month follow up after an episode of stool positive bacterial diarrhoea compared with community controls despite careful exclusion of people with pre-existing FGIDS and adds further support for the concept of post-infectious IBS.
International orthopedic database up and running
Authors: J. Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
INTERNATIONAL ABSTRACTS
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cultivated human intestinal fungus<i>Candida metapsilosis</i>M2006B attenuates colitis by secreting acyclic sesquiterpenoids as FXR agonists
Authors: Xiaokui Huo, Dawei Li, Fan Wu, Shenghui Li, Yanling Qiao, Chao Wang, Yan Wang, Changjiang Zhou, Liqun Sun, Zhilin Luan, Qiulong Yan, Jiayue Wang, Yu Zhang, Ting Zhao, Yue An, Baojing Zhang, Xiangge Tian, Zhenlong Yu, Xiaochi Ma
Journal: Gut (2022)

Objective Dysbiosis of the intestinal fungal community has been observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, its potential role in IBD development and prevention remains unclear. Here, we explored the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of intestinal fungi isolated from human faeces on colitis in mice. Design Intestinal fungal strains with differential abundance in IBD were cultivated in human faeces and their effects on various mouse models of experimental colitis were evaluated. In addition, the bioactive metabolites secreted by the target fungus were accurately identified and their pharmacological effects and potential molecular targets were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results The abundance of Candida spp was significantly higher in patients with IBD. After large-scale human intestinal fungal cultivation and functional analysis, Candida metapsilosis M2006B significantly attenuated various models of experimental colitis in wild-type, antibiotic-treated, germ-free, and IL10 -/- mice by activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Among the seven acyclic sesquiterpenoids (F1–F7) identified as major secondary metabolites of M2006B, F4 and F5 attenuated colitis in mice by acting as novel FXR agonists. The therapeutic effects of M2006B and its metabolites on colitis via specific FXR activation were confirmed in Fxr -/- mice. Conclusion This study revealed that C. metapsilosis M2006B significantly attenuated colitis in mice and identified two acyclic sesquiterpenoids (F4 and F5) as major active metabolites of M2006B. Notably, these metabolites were able to effectively treat experimental colitis by selectively activating FXR. Together, this study demonstrates that M2006B could be a beneficial intestinal fungus for treating and preventing IBD.
Reliability of Radioisotopic Encephalography: A Correlation With Other Neuroradiological and Anatomical Studies
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Self‐Plugging Microneedle (SPM) for Intravitreal Drug Delivery
Authors: KangJu Lee, SeungHyun Park, Dong Hyun Jo, Chang Sik Cho, Ha Young Jang, Jiyeon Yi, Minkyung Kang, Jaeho Kim, Ho Yun Jung, Jeong Hun Kim, WonHyoung Ryu, Ali Khademhosseini
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Intravitreal injection (IVI) is a common technology which is used to treat ophthalmic diseases inside eyeballs by delivering various drugs into the vitreous cavity using hypodermic needles. However, in some cases, there are possible side effects such as ocular tissue damage due to repeated injection or eyeball infection through the hole created during the needle retraction process. The best scenario of IVI is a one-time injection of drugs without needle retraction, keeping the system of the eyeball closed. Microneedles (MNs) have been applied to ocular tissues over 10 years, and no serious side effects on ocular tissue due to MN injection have been reported. Therefore, a self-plugging MN (SPM) is developed to perform intraocular drug delivery and to seal the scleral puncture simultaneously. The SPMs are fabricated by a thermal drawing process and then coated with a polymeric carrier of drugs and a hydrogel-based scleral plugging component. Each coated functional layer is characterized and demonstrated by in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Finally, in vivo tests using a porcine model confirms prompt sealing of SPM and sustained intraocular drug delivery.
On Amputations
Authors: J. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1858)

After the second fit, I procured some tincture of Indian hemup, thirty drops of which, with a small quantity of water, was with difficulty swallowed; but no more was taken, as he was unable to get it down.On my fifth visit to him that day, he was seized with his third severe spasm, the first having occurred eight hours previously.The attack was of short dturation.The pulse, which at its commencement was readily felt, gradually became indistinct, an-d the respirations gasping; and it would be difficult
HIV-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Report from the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry
Authors: Nicholas A. Kolaitis, Matthew Lammi, Sula Mazimba, Jeremy Feldman, Wes McConnell, Jeffrey S. Sager, Abhijit A. Raval, Marc A. Simon, Teresa De Marco
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

"HIV-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Report from the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 205(9), pp. 1121–1124
Marriages
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Annual Report on Nation's Health
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vitamin K Reverses Overanticoagulation with Warfarin More Quickly When Given by Mouth Than by Injection
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Summaries for Patients20 August 2002Vitamin K Reverses Overanticoagulation with Warfarin More Quickly When Given by Mouth Than by InjectionSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-4-200208200-00004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Warfarin is a medicine that “thins” the blood, making it take longer to coagulate. Doctors prescribe warfarin to treat or prevent several common medical conditions, including blood clots and stroke. Patients taking warfarin need to have blood tests called international normalized ratios (INRs) to check that the amount of warfarin they are taking is thinning their blood an appropriate amount. When the INR is too low (underanticoagulation), clots can occur; when it is too high (overanticoagulation), serious bleeding can occur. When patients become overanticoagulated while taking warfarin, doctors ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Oral Vitamin K Lowers the International Normalized Ratio More Rapidly Than Subcutaneous Vitamin K in the Treatment of Warfarin-Associated Coagulopathy. A Randomized, Controlled Trial.” It is in the 20 August 2002 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 137, pages 251-254). The authors are MA Crowther, JD Douketis, T Schnurr, L Steidl, V Mera, C Ultori, A Venco, and W Ageno.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoOral Vitamin K Lowers the International Normalized Ratio More Rapidly Than Subcutaneous Vitamin K in the Treatment of Warfarin-Associated Coagulopathy Mark A. Crowther , James D. Douketis , Terri Schnurr , Luigi Steidl , Valentina Mera , Carolina Ultori , Achille Venco , and Walter Ageno Metrics 20 August 2002Volume 137, Issue 4Page: I-39KeywordsCoagulopathyHematologic testsHemorrhageInternational normalized ratioMedical conditionsMouthOral administrationStrokeThrombosisVitamin K ePublished: 20 August 2002 Issue Published: 20 August 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A Handbook on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Modern Treatment
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal