tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adult Cancer Pain
Authors: _ _
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2007)

Pain is one of the most common symptoms associated with cancer and one of the symptoms patients fear most; unrelieved pain denies them comfort and greatly affects their activities, motivation, interactions with family and friends, and overall quality of life. The importance of relieving pain and availability of effective therapies make it imperative that clinicians caring for cancer patients to be adept at assessing and treating cancer pain. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network Adult Cancer Pain Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology acknowledge the range of complex decisions faced in caring for these patients. As a result, they provide dosing guidelines for NSAIDs, opioids, and adjuvant analgesics. They also provide specific suggestions for escalating opioid dosage, managing opioid toxicity, and when and how to proceed to other techniques to manage cancer pain. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
Is ejection fraction a reliable marker of left ventricular contractility? Comparison with emax in chronic animal models with load alterations Yong Jin Kim, Michael Jones, Takahiro Shiota, Fabrice Bauer, Jian Xin Qin, Marta Sitges, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Agnese Travaglini, Lisa A. Cardon, Arthur D. Zetts, Julio A. Panza, James D. Thomas. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Worrying global decline in measles immunisation
Authors: Priya Venkatesan
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2021)

Measles is one of the most contagious serious viral diseases, with a basic reproduction number between 12 and 18, but is almost completely preventable through vaccination. In the past decades, routine measles vaccinations and mass immunisation campaigns have been used globally to reduce the numbers of measles cases and deaths, administering two doses of measles-containing vaccine to as many children as possible. Before widespread vaccination drives, measles caused around 2·6 million deaths per year; however, with the wide rollout of the measles vaccine, 31·7 million deaths are estimated to have been averted globally in the past 20 years.
Der heutige Stand der Lehre von den Geschwülsten.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Voices of GA4GH members: Collaborating in technology and policy development
Journal: Cell Genomics (2021)

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) is organized around eight Work Streams, where members develop technology standards and policy frameworks to enable the responsible sharing of human genomic and health-related data. These are implemented across 24 Driver Projects, reflecting real-world genomics initiatives. In this Voices, Cell Genomics asked GA4GH members to reflect on their engagement with GA4GH and how this has driven progress in open science and genomic medicine.
Short-course neoadjuvant in situ vaccination for murine melanoma
Authors: Taylor J Aiken, David Komjathy, Matthew Rodriguez, Ashley Stuckwisch, Arika Feils, Vladimir Subbotin, Jen Birstler, Stephen D Gillies, Alexander L Rakhmilevich, Amy K Erbe, Paul M Sondel
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Background Surgical resection remains an important component of multimodality treatment for most solid tumors. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has several potential advantages, including in-situ tumor vaccination and pathologic assessment of response in the surgical specimen. We previously described an in-situ tumor vaccination strategy in melanoma using local radiation (RT) and an intratumoral injection of tumor-specific anti-GD2 immunocytokine (IT-IC). Here we tested whether neoadjuvant in-situ tumor vaccination using anti-GD2 immunocytokine and surgical resection, without RT, could generate immunologic memory capable of preventing recurrence or distant metastasis. Methods Mice bearing GD2 expressing B78 melanoma tumors were treated with neoadjuvant radiation, IT-IC, or combined RT + IT-IC. Surgical resection was performed following neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Immune infiltrate was assessed in the resection specimens. Mice were rechallenged with either B78 contralateral flank tumors or pulmonary seeding of non-GD2 expressing B16 melanoma metastasis induced experimentally. Rejection of rechallenge in mice treated with the various treatment regimens was considered evidence of immunologic memory. Results Neoadjuvant IT-IC and surgical resection resulted in increased CD8 T cell infiltration, a higher CD8:regulatory T cell ratio, and immunologic memory against contralateral flank rechallenge. The timing of resection did not significantly impact the development of memory, which was present as early as the day of surgery. There was less local wound toxicity with neoadjuvant IT-IC compared with neoadjuvant RT +IT IC. Neoadjuvant IT-IC and resection resulted in the rejection of B16 lung metastasis in a CD4 T cell dependent manner. Conclusions Neoadjuvant IT-IC generates immunologic memory capable of preventing distant metastasis despite limited efficacy against large primary melanoma tumors. By combining neoadjuvant tumor vaccination and surgery, the toxicity of local RT was avoided. These preclinical data support further investigation regarding the use of neoadjuvant IT-IC in patients with melanoma at high risk for occult distant disease.
Commentary
Authors: Klaus Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Endoscopic transpapillary biopsy remains the cornerstone for tissue retrieval from the bile ducts. However, inserting the forceps into the bile duct remains challenging as its tip emerges at a curved angle out of the duodenoscope. Hamada et al. show a simple trick for obtaining targeted biopsies of the intrahepatic bile ducts using a wire-assisted technique. The authors constructed a loop at the tip of the biopsy forceps by passing a nylon thread through the holes in one cup of the forceps. This simple addition of a knotted loop allowed ziplining over a biliary guidewire. The forceps were inserted over the guidewire, successfully obtaining targeted biopsies. Importantly, the authors used a pediatric biopsy forceps, which has a thinner diameter and is easier to insert into the bile ducts. Using this trick with standard forceps may fail.
DR3 Signaling Modulates the Function of Foxp3+ regulatory T Cells and the Severity of Acute Graft and Host Disease
Authors: Hidekazu Nishikii, Kim Byung-Su, Yan Chen, Jeanette Baker, Antonio Pierini, Maite Alvarez, Melissa Mavers, Kristina Maas-Bauer, Robert S. Negrin
Journal: Blood (2016)
Abstract 307: GJA1-20k Regulates Actin Cytoskeleton and Promotes Delivery of Connexin 43 to Cardiac Intercalated Discs
Authors: Wassim A Basheer, Shaohua Xiao, Shan-Shan Zhang, Irina Epifantseva, Ying Fu, André G Kléber, TingTing Hong, Robin M Shaw
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Rationale: Delivery of connexin 43 (Cx43) to the intercalated disc is a continuous and rapid process critical for intercellular coupling. By a pathway of targeted delivery involving microtubules and actin cytoskeleton rest stops, Cx43 hemichannels are efficiently trafficked to adherens junctions at intercalated discs. It has recently been shown that an internally translated isoform of Cx43, GJA1-20k, facilitates full-length Cx43 trafficking in cell lines, although the mechanism remains unknown. Objective: We explored the mechanism by which GJA1-20k regulates the trafficking of full-length Cx43 to intercalated discs. Methods and Results: In vivo overexpression of exogenous GJA1-20k, administered via AAV9-mediated gene delivery, increases the delivery of full length Cx43 to intercalated discs in mouse hearts. Using electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, together with biochemical co-immunoprecipitation, we found in micro-patterned HeLa cells and cardiomyocytes that GJA1-20k not only substantially increases the number and length of actin fibers, but can also rescue the effect of actin disruption. GJA1-20k complexes with actin and tubulin, improving microtubule targeting to cell-cell borders in the setting of actin disruption. Actin is also disrupted in acute ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The ex vivo rescue potential of GJA1-20k was further tested in mouse hearts subjected to myocardial IR injury. As compared to control GFP and full length GAJ1-43k, only GJA1-20k gene transfer significantly improves the targeting of Cx43 to intercalated discs following IR injury. Conclusions: These results indicate that GJA1-20k positively modulates actin cytoskeleton to facilitate microtubule-based Cx43 trafficking machinery, promoting the delivery of full-length Cx43 to cardiac cell-cell junctions under normal and ischemic conditions. Therefore, up regulation of GJA1-20k is a potential therapeutic option to reverse the loss of Cx43 in IR injuries.
Gut microbiota-motility interregulation: insights from <i>in vivo, ex vivo</i> and <i>in silico</i> studies
Authors: Barbora Waclawiková, Agnese Codutti, Karen Alim, Sahar El Aidy
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

The human gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of microbes. Gut microbial communities have a significant regulatory role in the intestinal physiology, such as gut motility. Microbial effect on gut motility is often evoked by bioactive molecules from various sources, including microbial break down of carbohydrates, fibers or proteins. In turn, gut motility regulates the colonization within the microbial ecosystem. However, the underlying mechanisms of such regulation remain obscure. Deciphering the inter-regulatory mechanisms of the microbiota and bowel function is crucial for the prevention and treatment of gut dysmotility, a comorbidity associated with many diseases. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge on the impact of gut microbiota and its products on bowel motility. We discuss the currently available techniques employed to assess the changes in the intestinal motility. Further, we highlight the open challenges, and incorporate biophysical elements of microbes-motility interplay, in an attempt to lay the foundation for describing long-term impacts of microbial metabolite-induced changes in gut motility.
Early Bactericidal Activity of Different Isoniazid Doses for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (INHindsight): A Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial
Authors: Kelly E. Dooley, Sachiko Miyahara, Florian von Groote-Bidlingmaier, Xin Sun, Richard Hafner, Susan L. Rosenkranz, Elisa H. Ignatius, Eric L. Nuermberger, Laura Moran, Kathleen Donahue, Susan Swindells, Naadira Vanker, Andreas H. Diacon, Rachel Issa, Christopher Lane, Mark Lojacono, Rachel Mahachi, William Murtaugh, Lynette Purdue, Akbar Shahkolahi, Ronald Ssenyonga
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

High-dose isoniazid is recommended in short-course regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). The optimal dose of isoniazid and its individual contribution to efficacy against TB strains with
Abstract 17381: Cardiac Myosin I as a New Potential Biomarker for Prognosis of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Yuki Matsumoto, Yoshiyuki Orihara, Tomotaka Ando, Yoshitaka Okuhara, Kazunori Kashiwase, Masaharu Ishihara, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is routinely measured for evaluating the severity of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). However, there are no other biomarkers for stratification of ADHF patients in clinical settings. Cardiac myosin I (CM-I) is one of a superfamily of motor proteins, which is mainly distributed in myocardium. Several papers reported that serum CM-I levels increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the role of CM-I in ADHF patients is not yet elucidated. Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the utility of CM-I in ADHF patients. Methods: We assessed 114 ADHF patients who visited our institution between December 2017 and May 2018 in a retrospective study. All patients were diagnosed ADHF using Framingham criteria. Eight ACS patients and 22 patients lacking in data of serum CM-I levels were excluded. Finally, we analyzed 84 patients. We calculated the difference in serum BNP levels between on admission and at discharge (delta BNP) as a prognostic surrogate marker. Results: Average age was 77.5 years old and 44 patients were male. Numbers of patients with NYHA III and IV were 30 and 36, respectively. Mean serum levels of BNP and Troponin T (TrT) on admission were 934.0 pg/ml and 0.092 ng/ml, respectively. Average left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography was 46.1%. Serum CM-I levels on admission and at discharge were 12.8 mg/ml and 7.30 mg/ml, respectively. Serum CM-I levels had a significant correlation with TrT levels (R=0.46, p&lt;0.0001) and a weak correlation with BNP levels (R=0.33, p= 0.006). CM-I levels were not statistically correlated with LVEF. CM-I levels were well correlated with delta BNP(R=0.36, p= 0.0138), but TrT were not associated with delta BNP(R=0.066, p= 0.658). Conclusion: We found CM-I was associated with the difference in BNP between on admission and at discharge in ADHF patients. CM-I may be a new potential prognostic biomarker in ADHF patients.
CALGB 40603 (Alliance): Long-Term Outcomes and Genomic Correlates of Response and Survival After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Carboplatin and Bevacizumab in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Jonathan H. Shepherd, Karla Ballman, Mei-Yin C. Polley, Jordan D. Campbell, Cheng Fan, Sara Selitsky, Aranzazu Fernandez-Martinez, Joel S. Parker, Katherine A. Hoadley, Zhiyuan Hu, Yan Li, Matthew G. Soloway, Patricia A. Spears, Baljit Singh, Sara M. Tolaney, George Somlo, Elisa R. Port, Cynthia Ma, Charles Kuzma, Eleftherios Mamounas, Mehra Golshan, Jennifer R. Bellon, Deborah Collyar, Olwen M. Hahn, Clifford A. Hudis, Eric P. Winer, Ann Partridge, Terry Hyslop, Lisa A. Carey, Charles M. Perou, William M. Sikov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

CALGB 40603 (NCT00861705), a 2 × 2 randomized phase II trial, demonstrated that adding carboplatin or bevacizumab to weekly paclitaxel (wP) followed by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide significantly increased the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate in stage II-III triple-negative breast cancer. We now report long-term outcomes (LTOs) and correlative science end points.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate LTOs in 443 patients who initiated study treatment. Log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the impact of clinical characteristics, pathologic response, calculated residual cancer burden (RCB) in patients with residual disease (RD), treatment assignment, and dose delivery during wP on LTOs, including event-free survival (EFS). Genomic predictors of treatment response and outcomes were assessed on pretreatment tumor samples by mRNA sequencing.Among baseline characteristics, only the clinical stage was associated with LTOs. At a median follow-up of 7.9 years, LTOs were not significantly improved with either carboplatin or bevacizumab, overall or in patients with basal-like subtype cancers by genomic analysis. Patients with pCR (n = 205, 46.3%) had significantly higher 5-year EFS (85.5% v 56.6%, log-rank P < .0001) and overall survival (87.9% v 63.4%, P < .0001) rates compared with patients with RD, even those with RCB class I. Among clinical and genomic features, evidence of immune activation, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and low B-cell receptor evenness, was associated with pCR and improved EFS.Despite higher pCR rates, neither carboplatin nor bevacizumab appeared to improve LTOs although the study was not powered to assess these secondary end points. pCR was associated with superior LTOs even when compared with minimal RD. Markers of immune activation in pretreatment tumor biopsies were independently associated with higher pCR rates and improved survival.
Abstract 17299: AF Drivers Where Ablation Terminates Persistent AF Fluctuate Due to Competing Drivers but Remain Anchored in Specific Locations
Authors: Gabriela L Meckler, Christopher A Kowalewski, Albert J Rogers, Miguel Rodrigo, Paul Clopton, Fatemah Shenasa, Mahmood I Alhusseini, Mark Swerdlow, Vijay Joshi, Samir Hossainy, Junaid Zaman, Tina Baykaner, Johannes Brachmann, John Miller, David E Krummen, William Sauer, Mohan Viswanathan, Paul Wang, Sanjiv M Narayan
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Mechanisms for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are unclear. We reasoned that AF drivers may fluctuate due to competing drivers in stereotypical spatial locations. This may explain why studies focused on small regions may show disordered waves while global mapping shows organized drivers. Hypothesis: That closely-spaced AF drivers may fluctuate more than drivers that are widely separated by mapping AF globally for prolonged durations using 2 independent mapping methods. Methods: In 55 patients with non-paroxysmal AF (24% female; 62.2±9.7 years), ablation at drivers identified by 64 pole baskets (Abbott, CA) terminated AF before pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. We mapped 360±45 AF cycles using (1) an open source phase method and (2) commercial tools, and quantified both fluctuations and locations of mapped drivers. Results: Patients had 4.2 ± 2.0 potential drivers by non-proprietary mapping (fig A), located per fig B. AF termination sites showed rotational/focal patterns (51/55 vs 55/55 patients; p=0.13 methods 1 vs 2) that fluctuated over time. In space, each AF driver was most prevalent in the left atrium, with clustering near left PVs (p&lt;0.05). Separation between drivers varied non-significantly with fluctuations. Drivers trended to be more stable in LA than RA (χ 2 = 2.11, p=0.12). Conclusions: Potential AF drivers where ablation terminates persistent AF are spatially stable but fluctuate over time. Fluctuations reflected competing sources, trended to be more prevalent in left atrium but were not clearly related to inter-site distance. Studies should examine the functional determinants of AF driver fluctuations.
Comparison of coronary artery diameters in retrospectively ECG-gated multislice spiral CT and quantitative coronary angiography Tom Giesler, Stephan Achenbach, Dieter Ropers, Ulrich Baum, Marc Kachelriess, Stefan Ulzheimer, Werner Bautz, Werner Moshage, Werner G. Daniel. University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Erlangen, Germany, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dept. of Diagnostic Radiology and Institute for Medical Physics, Erlangen, Germany
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
An open-label phase 2 study of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment for patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (EPOC2001).
Authors: Akihito Kawazoe, Masashi Wakabayashi, Hideki Furuya, Akihiro Sato, Naoya Sakamoto, Takeshi Kuwata, Takahiro Kinoshita, Kohei Shitara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS372 Background: Lenvatinib, a multikinase inhibitor of VEGF receptors and other receptor tyrosine kinases, substantially decreased the tumor-associated macrophages and increased infiltration of CD8-positive T cells and enhanced anti-tumor activity of PD-1 inhibitors in vivo model. A phase 2 study demonstrated remarkable clinical activity of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab for advanced gastric cancer with objective response rate of 69% (Kawazoe A, et al. Lancet Oncol. 2020), leading to the global phase 3 LEAP-015 trial at first-line (NCT04662710). The objective of this study is to evaluate anti-tumor activity of lenvatinib with pembrolizumab as neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment for patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Methods: The study is an open-label, single-arm, single-center, phase 2 clinical trial. Eligible patients are with previously untreated gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma as defined by cT2-4 and/or cN+ without evidence of metastatic disease. Patients will receive 3 cycles of 20 mg oral lenvatinib daily plus 200 mg intravenous pembrolizumab every 3 weeks as the neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery, and then 3 cycles of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab followed by 11 cycles of pembrolizumab monotherapy as the adjuvant treatment. The primary endpoint is major pathological response rate, and the secondary endpoints are pathological complete response rate, tumor shrinkage effect on primary lesions, radical resection rate, treatment completion rate until surgery or adjuvant treatment, event-free survival, overall survival, and incidence of adverse events. We also investigate several biomarkers using pre- and post-treatment tumor and blood samples. First patient will be enrolled in November 2021. Clinical trial information: NCT04745988.
Very few patients intubated without drugs survive
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Increased risk of thrombosis with third generation oral contraceptives is realA meta-analysis has shown that third generation oral contraceptives carry a 1.7-fold higher risk of venous thromboembolism than second generation pills.Kemmeren et al (p 131) pooled the results of studies that collected data up to October 1995, when four studies highlighted the possible risk of third generation oral contraceptives (containing desogestrel or gestodene).The increase in risk was greatest in first time users and could not be accounted for by biased selection of study groups or in other flaws in design and analysis of the studies.