tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonvoluntary or Forced Sex Among Women, by Sexual Identity, Attraction, and Behavior — National Survey of Family Growth, United States, 2011–2017
Authors: Grace S. Liu, Christopher R. Harper, Michelle M. Johns, Laura M. Mercer Kollar
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Nonheterosexual (sexual minority) women report experiencing more sexual violence than heterosexual (sexual majority) women (1,2). Sexual minority women are often categorized as a collective whole, which fails to capture the nuances in sexual violence among subgroups of sexual minority women, such as bisexual and lesbian women (3). To estimate the prevalence of lifetime forced vaginal intercourse (forced sex) and of nonvoluntary first vaginal intercourse among women aged 18-44 years in the United States, CDC analyzed data from female respondents who were interviewed during 2011-2017 for the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); respondents were stratified by self-reported sexual identity, attraction, and behavior. Log-binomial regressions and analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed to compare experiences across each dimension of sexual orientation, controlling for demographic characteristics. Compared with sexual majority women,* prevalence of any male-perpetrated nonvoluntary first vaginal intercourse or forced sex (nonvoluntary or forced sex) was higher among women who identified as bisexual (36.1% versus 17.5%), reported attraction to the opposite and same sex (30.3% versus 15.8%), and reported sexual behavior with the opposite and same sex (35.7% versus 15.9%). These sexual minority women reported that their earliest experience of nonvoluntary or forced sex occurred at younger ages than did that of sexual majority women. Among women who were unsure of their sexual attraction, the prevalence of nonvoluntary first vaginal intercourse was also higher than among sexual majority women. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive prevention approaches tailored for sexual minority women and prevention of child sexual abuse, given the average ages at earliest nonvoluntary or forced sex experience among sexual minority women (range = 12.5-16.3 years). Additional research is needed into the circumstances of and norms or attitudes that influence perpetration of nonvoluntary or forced sex and broader sexual violence against sexual minority women. Prevention of nonvoluntary or forced sex victimization among sexual minority women will require comprehensive approaches to prevent sexual violence and child sexual abuse. Engaging sexual minority women in the development of sexual violence prevention efforts and research would help ensure that the experiences of sexual minority women across the spectrum are represented.
Identification of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains for gut microbiome-based intervention in Alzheimer’s-type dementia
Authors: Atsushi Ueda, Shoji Shinkai, Hirotsugu Shiroma, Yu Taniguchi, Sayaka Tsuchida, Takahiro Kariya, Tomohiro Kawahara, Yodai Kobayashi, Noriyuki Kohda, Kazunari Ushida, Akihiko Kitamura, Takuji Yamada
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2021)

Evidence linking the gut-brain axis to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accumulating, but the characteristics of causally important microbes are poorly understood. We perform a fecal microbiome analysis in healthy subjects and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. We find that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) correlates with cognitive scores and decreases in the MCI group compared with the healthy group. Two isolated strains from the healthy group, live Fp360 and pasteurized Fp14, improve cognitive impairment in an AD mouse model. Whole-genome comparison of isolated strains reveals specific orthologs that are found only in the effective strains and are more abundant in the healthy group compared with the MCI group. Metabolome and RNA sequencing analyses of mouse brains provides mechanistic insights into the relationship between the efficacy of pasteurized Fp14, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. We conclude that F. prausnitzii strains with these specific orthologs are candidates for gut microbiome-based intervention in Alzheimer's-type dementia.
Disparities in cancer care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic: An update of a prospective, cross-sectional study.
Authors: Emily Hsu, Jyoti Chhabra, Oscar Serrano, Katarina Bade, Alvaro G. Menendez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

136 Background: Impact of COVID19 on cancer care delivery and outcomes remains unknown. Few trials have investigated patients’ perceived risks and benefits, and cancer care delivery (CCD) alterations related to COVID19. We sought to identify differences on behaviors and social determinants of health in Hispanics and other underrepresented populations (H/UP) compared to the general population (GP). Methods: An IRB-approved validated 27-item questionnaire was offered in English and Spanish to all pts receiving cancer care at participating cancer centers over a 6 month period. Examined variables included demographic information, social risk and behavioral factors, preferred sources of health information, and overall satisfaction with CCD during the pandemic. Results: A total of 245 pts were enrolled in the study. Compared to GP, H/UP’s perceived risk of COVID19 was higher with 92.4% vs 85.2% (p = 0.000) more likely to cancel or avoid social gatherings and 69.2% vs 32.1% more likely to change daily routine. H/UP appeared more concerned with personal and financial safety; if unable to find work/get paid for 2 weeks, 24.1% H/UP vs 13% GP would struggle to keep up with expenses. 33.7% H/UP vs 8.6% GP had concerns on ability to secure food and consider COVID19 a major threat to their health (63.9% vs 42.6%, p = 0.003) and financial situation (61.4% vs 35.8%, p = 0.001). H/UP’s perceived benefits of protective measures is higher with 97.4% vs 90.7% routinely practicing social distancing (SD) and 92.8% vs 64.2% in agreement with punitive actions for not following SD. Analysis demonstrated no significant difference by gender, level of education, marital status, however Hispanic ethnicity and Spanish as primary language were significant variables (p = 0.000) in perceived risks and satisfaction with CCD. No major differences were noted on sources of health information although more H/UP relied on social media (26.5% vs 24.7%). H/UP appeared more skeptical about availability and safety of targeted vaccines (28.2% vs 14.8%, p = 0.001). H/UP were less satisfied with CCD during the pandemic (72.1% vs 82.1%, p = 0.024) and also perceived CCD alterations (19.2% vs 7.4%). Conclusions: COVID19-related societal, financial, health and personal fears are increased in H/UP which likely negatively affects quality of life of these at-risk populations. H/UP’s trust in SD recommendations is heightened although linguistically and culturally appropriate information may be deficient. H/UP were more skeptical of the safety and availability of the vaccine, which is consistent with recent reports suggesting deeper fears of experimentation. Interventions aimed to decrease these differences could incorporate standard communications with special attention to social media.
Mixed-methods research to assess care coordination experiences among NCORP clinical trial participants.
Authors: Izumi Okado, Ian Pagano, Anamalia Su'esu'e, Kevin Cassel, Jessica Rhee, Jeffrey L. Berenberg, Randall F. Holcombe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

168 Background: According to the Institute of Medicine, care coordination (CC) is a critical component of high-quality cancer care; however, many patients with cancer continue to experience fragmented care. CC experiences among cancer clinical trial (CT) participants are relatively unknown. Using mixed methods, we examined perceptions of CC among patients enrolled on therapeutic CTs conducted through the Hawaii Minority/Underserved NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP). Methods: Forty-five CT participants completed the validated Care Coordination Instrument (CCI). The CCI assesses cancer patients’ perceptions of CC overall and across Communication, Navigation, and Operational domains. Data from 45 non-CT participants matched by age, gender, cancer type (breast, GI, other), and clinical stage from our prior studies served as a control group. Paired t-tests were used to compare the CCI scores between the two groups. Three semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 14 CT participants in 2020 and 2021. Results: The mean age of CT participants was 61.7 ( SD = 9.4), with the majority being female (67%) and Asian (56%). The most common cancer disease sites were breast (27%) and GI (16%). CT participants reported significantly higher total CC scores than non-participants ( p =.0008). Similar trends were found for Navigation ( p =.007) and Operational ( p =.001) domain scores. 56% of CT participants reported receiving moderate to high-intensity CC assistance from their clinical research professionals (CRPs). Content analysis of focus group discussions revealed that the majority of CT participants’ comments aligned with CC domains; 42% Communication, 30% Navigation, and 28% Operational. Nearly half of focus group discussions centered on CRPs (47%), including CC support provided by CRPs (26%). Other key themes that emerged from the focus groups included general CT experiences (22%) and CRP involvement as an additional benefit to CT participation (15%). Conclusions: Clinical trial participants perceive better CC than non-CT participants, partly attributed to CC support provided by CRPs. Our findings highlight a generally unrecognized yet integral role of CRPs as part of a cancer clinical trial care team. CRP involvement may be an additional benefit of CT participation and contribute to improved quality and value for patient-centered cancer care.
Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics (PK) of ABT-414 in Japanese Patients (pts) with Recurrent Malignant Glioma
Authors: Yoshitaka Narita, Motoo Nagane, Toshiki Yoshimine, Kazuhiko Mishima, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Toshihiko Wakabayashi, Takashi Hamada, Reiko Odagawa, Hao Xiong, Ryo Nishikawa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
OS09.4.A Health-related quality of life in low-grade glioma survivors 26 years after diagnosis
Authors: F W Boele, J C Reijneveld, P C de Witt Hamer, H F van Thuijl, P Wesseling, F J Lagerwaard, M J B Taphoorn, M C M Kouwenhoven, T J Snijders, L Douw, M Klein
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Many patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) continue to survive for many years, yet little is known about patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in long-term survivorship. We previously investigated HRQOL in LGG patients diagnosed on average 6 years prior to assessment (T1, N=195) with a follow-up in stable patients on average 12 years after diagnosis (T2, N=65). We present a final follow-up of LGG survivors (T3), now decades after diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS We invited patients who participated in our previous assessment (N=65), regardless of disease status. Patients completed questionnaires to assess HRQOL, fatigue, and depressive symptoms: Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brain Tumour Module (EORTC BN20), Checklist Individual Strength (CIS), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Changes over time (T1-T2-T3) on group level and participant level were assessed. RESULTS Of the 65 patients, 18 (27.7%) were deceased, 3 (4.6%) experienced tumour progression to WHO III, 7 (10.8%) declined, and 3 (4.6%) could not be contacted. Thirty-four patients (52.3%) participated. Of these, 2 had missing HRQOL data, with 32 patients included in analysis. Survivors were M=52.0 (sd=11.3) years old and diagnosed M=26.2 (sd=3.7, range 19–35) years prior. On group level, a statistically significant (but not clinically relevant) improvement in mental health (p=0.049), and a clinically relevant (but not statistically significant) decline in emotional role functioning was found. No other group-level changes over time in HRQOL were found. Minimal detectable change in HRQOL scale scores over time was observed in individual participants (28.1% only improvement; 25.0% only decline; 21.9% both improvement and decline) with 25.0% remaining completely stable. At T3, 25.0% of survivors scored above the cut-off for high risk of clinical depression (≥16 CES-D), and 53.1% of survivors classed as severely fatigued (≥35 CIS). CONCLUSION In this cohort of LGG survivors, assessed decades after diagnosis and treatment, HRQOL does not appear to be greatly impacted during survivorship. However, depressive symptoms and fatigue remain relatively common. Findings can help inform patients, their families, and clinicians and can serve as a benchmark for treatment trials evaluating interventions that can have very long-term effects.
Sociodemographic differences in patient-reported pain and pain management of head and neck cancer patients in a community oncology setting.
Authors: Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Rylan Larsen, Amila Patel, Sanjit Misra, Ben Pearson, Blaine Smith, Julia Canick, Duaa Kuziez, Rebecca L Rohde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

150 Background: There are currently 500,000 head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors in the United States. Pain is common among survivors and associated with adverse quality of life and outcomes. There is however a lack of data on pain management in the community oncology setting, where a growing number of patients may be receiving long-term care. We described sociodemographic correlates of patient-reported pain among HNC patients receiving care in the community setting. Methods: We used data from Navigating Cancer, a nationwide, community-oncology, patient-reported outcomes database that include electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) from 253 cancer clinics and over 1 million cancer survivors. We identified a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with HNC after January 1, 2017, with at least one record of patient-reported pain through nurse triage. We characterized demographic and clinical factors associated with any reported pain, and pain resolution by new pain prescription, based on race (white vs. non-white patients), and other sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Our cohort included 3,762 patients, 62.8% white, 45.3% married, with an average age of 66.0 years. Of these, 652 patients (17%) reported at least one pain event during study period. After adjusting for covariates, there was no statistically significant difference in the odds of any reported pain between white vs. non-white patients (aOR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.57, 1.15). However, we found that white HNC patients were significantly more likely to be provided a new prescription for pain management more than non-white patients, (aOR = 4.58; 95% CI 2.23, 9.38). Other factors associated with prescription of new pain prescription included being single/unpartnered (aOR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.03, 1.75) compared to being married/partnered, having Medicare (aOR = 3.07; 95% CI 1.59, 5.93) or commercial insurance (aOR = 2.88; 95% CI 1.54, 5.38) compared to Medicaid. Additionally, male patients were significantly less likely to receive new prescription compared to females (aOR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.37, 0.61). Conclusions: One-in-six HNC patients in the community oncology setting reported pain, and while there were no racial differences in any pain report, white patients were significantly more likely to receive new pain prescription, as were those with Medicare or commercial insurance. There may be disparity in the management of reported pain among HNC survivors based on race.
Head‐to‐head comparison of contemporary heart failure risk scores
Authors: Pau Codina, Josep Lupón, Andrea Borrellas, Giosafat Spitaleri, Germán Cediel, Mar Domingo, Joanne Simpson, Wayne C. Levy, Evelyn Santiago‐Vacas, Elisabet Zamora, David Buchaca, Isaac Subirana, Javier Santesmases, Crisanto Diez‐Quevedo, Maria I. Troya, Maria Boldo, Salvador Altmir, Nuria Alonso, Beatriz González, Carmen Rivas, Julio Nuñez, John McMurray, Antoni Bayes‐Genis
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)

Abstract Aims Several heart failure (HF) web‐based risk scores are currently used in clinical practice. Currently, we lack head‐to‐head comparison of the accuracy of risk scores. This study aimed to assess correlation and mortality prediction performance of Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC‐HF) risk score, which includes clinical variables + medications; Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM), which includes clinical variables + treatments + analytes; PARADIGM Risk of Events and Death in the Contemporary Treatment of Heart Failure (PREDICT‐HF) and Barcelona Bio‐Heart Failure (BCN‐Bio‐HF) risk calculator, which also include biomarkers, like N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). Methods and results A total of 1166 consecutive patients with HF from different aetiologies that had NT‐proBNP measurement at first visit were included. Discrimination for all‐cause mortality was compared by Harrell's C‐statistic from 1 to 5 years, when possible. Calibration was assessed by calibration plots and Hosmer–Lemeshow test and global performance by Nagelkerke's R 2 . Correlation between scores was assessed by Spearman rank test. Correlation between the scores was relatively poor (rho value from 0.66 to 0.79). Discrimination analyses showed better results for 1‐year mortality than for longer follow‐up (SHFM 0.817, MAGGIC‐HF 0.801, PREDICT‐HF 0.799, BCN‐Bio‐HF 0.830). MAGGIC‐HF showed the best calibration, BCN‐Bio‐HF overestimated risk while SHFM and PREDICT‐HF underestimated it. BCN‐Bio‐HF provided the best discrimination and overall performance at every time‐point. Conclusions None of the contemporary risk scores examined showed a clear superiority over the rest. BCN‐Bio‐HF calculator provided the best discrimination and overall performance with overestimation of risk. MAGGIC‐HF showed the best calibration, and SHFM and PREDICT‐HF tended to underestimate risk. Regular updating and recalibration of online web calculators seems necessary to improve their accuracy as HF management evolves at unprecedented pace.
Noncanonical Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Khaled S. Abd-Elrahman, Stephen S.G. Ferguson
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2021)

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is ubiquitously expressed in brain regions responsible for memory and learning. It plays a key role in modulating rapid changes in synaptic transmission and plasticity. mGluR5 supports long-term changes in synaptic strength by regulating the transcription and translation of essential synaptic proteins. β-Amyloid 42 (Aβ42) oligomers interact with a mGluR5/cellular prion protein (PrPC) complex to disrupt physiological mGluR5 signal transduction. Aberrant mGluR5 signaling and associated synaptic failure are considered an emerging pathophysiological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, mGluR5 represents an attractive therapeutic target for AD, and recent studies continue to validate the efficacy of various mGluR5 allosteric modulators in improving memory deficits and mitigating disease pathology. However, sex-specific differences in the pharmacology of mGluR5 and activation of noncanonical signaling downstream of the receptor suggest that its utility as a therapeutic target in female AD patients needs to be reconsidered.
Reply
Authors: Ai‐Ping Fang, Yao‐Jun Zhang, Min‐Shan Chen, Hui‐Lian Zhu
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Funding informationThe National Natural Science Foundation of China (81803219), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (2018A030310335), and the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (A2018402). We appreciate the interest of Zhai et al. in our article recently published in Hepatology on the association between serum levels of total, free, and bioavailable 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and HCC survival.[1] They raised three important points, especially the last two, which allow us to further evaluate the predictive performance of bioavailable 25OHD for HCC prognosis. First, we do not agree on including the duration of sunlight exposure and dietary structure as potential confounders, although vitamin D status is determined by both sunlight exposure and diet. This is because serum 25OHD concentrations are a comprehensive marker of vitamin D synthesized in the skin through exposure to ultraviolet B in sunlight and obtained from the diet.[2] Second, we assessed the discriminative ability of the prediction models with or without bioavailable 25OHD by calculating Harrell's concordance index (C‐index).[3] C‐indexes for the models with or without bioavailable 25OHD were 0.768 versus 0.764 for liver cancer‐specific survival (LCSS) and 0.763 versus 0.760 for overall survival (OS) (Table S1). The incorporation of bioavailable 25OHD into the base models slightly improved the predictive power for HCC survival; however, the added predictive accuracy of bioavailable 25OHD did not reach a significant level (C‐index increment: 0.04, 95% CI, −0.001, 0.008, for LCSS, and 0.003, 95% CI, −0.002, 0.008, for OS). Finally, we estimated the clinical utility of bioavailable 25OHD by conducting decision curve analysis (DCA)[4] on the models with or without bioavailable 25OHD and calculated the net benefit across a range of the threshold survival probability at 1, 2, and 3 years after the diagnosis of HCC. The models incorporating bioavailable 25OHD had a higher net benefit compared with the two default scenes that all patients die ("treat all") or none ("treat none") in all predictions (Figure S1). The addition of bioavailable 25OHD did improve the net benefit of the models without bioavailable 25OHD for predicting 1‐year survival in a range of threshold probability between 30% and 65% and predicting 2‐year survival in the threshold ranging from 50% to 65%. For example, when the threshold probability was set at 40%, the net benefit of adding bioavailable 25OHD into the base model was 0.016 (the full versus base models: 0.051 versus 0.035) in 1‐year LCSS prediction. In other words, measuring serum bioavailable 25OHD could help detect 16 additional deaths from liver cancer for every 1,000 patients in 1 year. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None to report. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Ai‐Ping Fang wrote the manuscript and analyzed the data; Yao‐Jun Zhang, Min‐Shan Chen, and Hui‐Lian Zhu reviewed the manuscript.