tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol: clearing the decks for action.
Authors: Anderson Milne
Journal: BMJ (1982)

been recorded in man up to now.Guidelines for the use of nuclear magnetic resonance in Britain are available from the National Radiation Protection Board.'5The theoretical hazards of induction of cardiac fibrillation and cerebral dysrhythmia by currents from rapid magnetic field changes seem remote under present operating conditions.More information is required, however, and people with epilepsy and cardiac disease are not suitable as volunteers.'5Heating of metal prostheses by radiofrequency-induced electrical fields is another potential hazard.Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging has advanced rapidly in a short time.The immediate prospect is of its clinical application as a technique complementary to CT scanning.In the middle distance, provided that costs can be contained and development proceeds apace, it is likely to supersede CT scanning in several diagnostic areas.Over the horizon, the possibility of marrying other nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, such as spectroscopy with imaging, could render less than fanciful the notion of precisely identifying, localising, and monitoring the physiological, metabolic, and pathological features of tissues in vivo, with negligible hazard to the patient.Before the turn of the century ?
AMA Insights
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PROTEUS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled, phase 3 trial of apalutamide (APA) plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) versus PBO plus ADT prior to radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients (pts) with localized or locally advanced high-risk prostate cancer (PC).
Authors: Adam S. Kibel, Martin Gleave, Sabine D. Brookman-May, Won Kim, Christopher P. Evans, Eleni Efstathiou, Philip W. Kantoff, Ashley Ross, Neal D. Shore, Alberto Briganti, Boris A. Hadaschik, Axel Heidenreich, Oliver Brendan Rooney, Shaozhou Ken Tian, Lisa Wetherhold, Weichun Xu, J. Kellogg Parsons, Kesav Yeruva, Mary-Ellen Taplin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS285 Background: In pts with localized high-risk PC, disease recurrence rate following RP is ̃50% (Kane et al. J Urol. 2007). Treatment (tx) with androgen blockade before RP can reduce tumor burden post RP (Taplin et al. J Clin Oncol. 2014; McKay et al. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2018; Efstathiou et al. Eur Urol. 2019). This study examines if 12 months of perioperative APA + ADT tx before and after RP with pelvic lymph node dissection (pLND) in localized/locally advanced high-risk PC improves pathologic complete response (pCR) rate and metastasis-free survival (MFS) vs PBO + ADT. Methods: PROTEUS, an international multicenter study, is enrolling ̃2000 pts with localized/locally advanced high-risk/very high-risk PC who are candidates for RP with pLND over 3 years at &gt; 203 sites in 18 countries. Stratification variables: Gleason score (7 vs ≥ 8), pelvic node status (N0 vs N1), international region. Randomization: 1:1 to APA (240 mg/d) + ADT or PBO + ADT. Pts receive 6-month neoadjuvant tx followed by RP and then 6 months’ adjuvant tx. Primary end points: pCR rate and MFS. In addition to MFS based on conventional imaging, MFS based on PSMA PET or conventional imaging will be assessed as a separate end point. Both pCR and MFS are assessed by blinded independent central review. Conventional imaging by CT or MRI and bone scan are done at screening, within 4 weeks after RP, at biochemical failure (BCF), and then every 6 months after BCF until distant metastasis or death. During the direct perioperative period, APA/PBO is stopped 2 weeks prior to planned RP and then resumed 4 weeks after RP if post-RP imaging has been conducted to assess for lymphocele and disease progression and resolution to grade ≤ 1 of any clinically significant adverse events considered related to RP. To reflect evolving standard of care, the following protocol amendments were added: PSMA-PET imaging at 3 months post adjuvant tx, at BCF, and every 6 months until distant metastasis or death; cardiovascular and thrombotic risk assessment at screening, prior to, and after RP; and guidance for standard thrombotic prophylaxis in the perioperative setting. An independent data monitoring committee will review trial data. Clinical trial information: NCT03767244.
Abstract 337: Prognostic Impact of Cardiac Arrest Among Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Anirudh Kumar, Chetan P Huded, Michael J Johnson, Venu Menon, Stephen G Ellis, Samir R Kapadia, Umesh N Khot
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a potentially fatal condition that may be complicated by cardiac arrest (CA). However, the impact of CA complicating STEMI on prognosis in the contemporary era of rapid primary PCI is uncertain. Methods: We reviewed consecutive cases of STEMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at our center between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016. Baseline clinical characteristics and in-hospital long-term outcomes were compared between patients with and without CA. Results: Among 1,272 patients with STEMI, 148 (11.6%) had CA (30.4% out-of-hospital, 69.6% after ED arrival). Compared to patients without CA, patients with STEMI+CA were more likely to have a history of heart failure, valve surgery, peripheral and cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease with a trend towards increased prevalence of left main or left anterior descending culprit vessel. Patients with STEMI+CA had greater creatinine (1.28±0.92 vs. 1.07±0.67, p=0.013, infarct size (CK-MB 171.6±131.6 vs. 139.2±117.0 ng/mL, p=0.010; troponin T 6.2±6.2 vs. 5.0±4.8 ng/mL, p=0.024), door-to-balloon-time (118.1±63.6 vs. 106.8±64.0, p=0.045), and incidence of cardiogenic shock (48.0% vs. 5.9%, p&lt;0.0001) and intra-aortic balloon pump need (36.5% vs. 8.3%, p&lt;0.0001). Patients with STEMI+ CA had higher rates of major bleeding (25.0% vs. 9.4%, p&lt;0.0001) and post-PCI heart failure (13.5% vs. 8.1%, p=0.042). Patients with STEMI+CA had significantly greater mortality in-hospital (14.9% vs. 3.6%, p&lt;0.0001) and at 1-year (22.9% vs. 9.3%, p&lt;0.0001) (Figure). Conclusions: CA is a complication in &gt;1 in 10 patients with STEMI and is associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality compared with STEMI without CA. Strategies to improve the care and outcomes of STEMI patients with CA are needed.
Abstract 17318: Mexican Mothers’ Depressive Symptomatology Influences Their Children’S C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Danish Majid, Rosalba Hernandez, Makoto Inoue, Andiara Schwingel, Liliana Aguayo
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Elevated concentrations of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) can predict future development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. Elevated CRP levels are found in infancy in children born to mothers with maternal depression. Less is known about the intergenerational influence of maternal depression on offspring’s CRP profiles or its association with obesity risks in childhood, particularly in low-income Mexican populations. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from low-income Mexican mother-child dyads (n=43) living in central Mexico. Mothers completed the Patient Healthcare Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to screen for depression. Fasting dried blood spots, and body composition measurements through bioelectrical impedance were collected from both, child and mother. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to measure CRP from dried blood spots. Moderated multiple regression and simple slopes were used in the analysis. Results: Mothers ranged in age from 21 to 45 (M=30.91±6.83). A total of 73% of mothers had overweight or obesity and 12% had elevated depressive symptoms (PHQ-9≥9). Mothers’ CRP values ranged from 0.08 to 9.05 mg/L (M= 2.15±2.00). Children were between the ages of 4 to 7 years old (M=4.86±0.91). Of children, 48% were male, 32% of children had overweight or obesity. Child CRP values ranged from 0.03 to 4.83 mg/L (M=.56±0.99). Child CRP was a significant predictor of children’s fat mass (β=0.51, p&lt;0.001). A significant interaction between child CRP and maternal depression status was evident when regressed on the outcome of fat mass for children (β=0.54, p&lt;0.02). Simple slopes of the interaction showed that, for children whose mothers have low depressive symptoms, child CRP values were positively associated with child fat mass (b=0.98; SE=0.38, p=0.01). For children whose mothers have severe depressive symptoms, child CRP values were negatively associated with children’s fat mass (β=-8.24; SE=4.02, p=0.048). Conclusion: Findings suggest that among children living with mothers with severe depressive symptoms, elevated CRP is associated with lower fat mass in children. Further investigation is needed to assess the biological pathways through which mother’s depression influences CRP in children.
Society Proceedings
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The European Union needs a policy and strategy to secure access to healthcare for undocumented migrants
Authors: Ursula Trummer
Journal: BMJ (2022)

The European Union needs a policy and strategy to secure access to healthcare for undocumented migrants Creating an evidence base to support policy and practice should be an urgent objective for the research and policy making communities, argues Ursula Trummer Ursula Trummer Head of CenterUndocumented migrants are among the most vulnerable migrant groups.For people who enter or stay in countries through irregular routes, and therefore lack the legal rights to live in or transit through a country, the associated health threats can be high and access to health services severely restricted.
Treatment of morphine-type dependence by withdrawal methods
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cellular Telephone Use and the Risk of Brain Tumors: Update of the UK Million Women Study
Authors: Joachim Schüz, Kirstin Pirie, Gillian K Reeves, Sarah Floud, Valerie Beral
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2022)

The ongoing debate of whether use of cellular telephones increases the risk of developing a brain tumor was recently fueled by the launch of the fifth generation of wireless technologies. Here, we update follow-up of a large-scale prospective study on the association between cellular telephone use and brain tumors.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Frederick L Ferris
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE— To review the natural history and treatment indications for diabetic retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Studies of the natural history of diabetic retinopathy and major clinical trials sponsored by the National Eye Institute were reviewed. RESULTS— Diabetic retinopathy remains a leading cause of vision disability in the U.S. Vision loss results from the consequences of proliferative retinopathy or macular edema. Photocoagulation has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for these complications of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS— All people with diabetes should be evaluated regularly to determine whether they would benefit from photocoagulation. As a referral guideline, any person with type I diabetes of &amp;gt;5 yr duration and all people with type II diabetes or any retinopathy should be referred to an ophthalmologist.
Tuberculous Pericarditis
Authors: H. Kopelman
Journal: BMJ (1947)

The effect of inhaled salmeterol xinafoate, a long acting beta 2 agonist, on exercise induced asthma was studied in a double blind, crossover, and placebo controlled trial. Thirteen asthmatic children with a fall of at least 15% in their forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after a standard exercise test on a motorised treadmill, on separate days performed the same test 1, 5, and 9 hours after a single dose of 50 micrograms salmeterol or placebo. FEV1 was measured before treatment, and before and for 30 minutes after each exercise test. After placebo the number of children with exercise induced asthma was: 10 at 1 hour, 11 at 5 hours, and 12 at 9 hours. Salmeterol prevented exercise induced asthma in all 13 children studied, at 1, 5, and 9 hours. Mean maximum falls in FEV1 after exercise were at 1 hour: salmeterol 2.7% and placebo 24.6%, 5 hours: salmeterol 5.3% and placebo 22.7%; and 9 hours: salmeterol 3.4% and placebo 26.6%. After salmeterol the mean increase in FEV1 was 17.8% at 1 hour, 19.6% at 5 hours, and 19.2% at 9 hours. Inhaled salmeterol prevents exercise induced asthma and produces significant bronchodilatation for at least 9 hours.
Abstract 168: Association Between Prehospital Advanced Airway Management for Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Survival
Authors: Masashi Okubo, Sho Komukai, Junichi Izawa, Koichiro Gibo, Kosuke Kiyohara, Tasuku Matsuyama, Taku Iwami, Clifton W Callaway, Tetsuhisa Kitamura
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: It is unclear whether prehospital advanced airway management (AAM: endotracheal intubation and supraglottic airway device placement) for pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) improves patient outcomes. Objective: To test the hypothesis that prehospital advanced airway management during pediatric OHCA is associated with patient outcomes. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a nationwide, prospective, population-based OHCA registry in Japan. We included pediatric patients (&lt;18 years) with OHCA in whom emergency medical services (EMS) personnel resuscitated and transported to medical institutions during 2014 and 2015. The primary outcome was one-month survival. Secondary outcome was one-month survival with favorable functional outcome, defined as cerebral performance category score 1 or 2. Patients who received AAM during cardiopulmonary resuscitation by EMS personnel at any given minute were sequentially matched with patients at risk of receiving AAM within the same minutes based on time-dependent propensity score calculated from a competing risk regression model in which we treated prehospital return of spontaneous circulation as a competing risk event. Results: We included 2,548 patients; 1,017 (39.9%) were infants (&lt;1 year), 839 (32.9%) were children (1 year to 12 years), and 692 (27.2%) were adolescents. Of the 2,548, included patients, 336 (13.2%) underwent prehospital AAM during cardiac arrest. In the time-dependent propensity score matched cohort (n = 642), there were no significant differences in one-month survival (AAM: 32/321 [10.0%] vs. no AAM: 27/321 [8.4%]; odds ratio, 1.33 [95% CI, 0.80 to 2.21]) and one-month survival with favorable functional outcome (AAM: 6/321 [1.9%] vs. no AAM: 5/321 [1.6%]; odds ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 0.41 to 5.40]). Conclusions: Among pediatric patients with OHCA, we found no associations between prehospital AAM and favorable patient outcomes.
Blocking PirB up-regulates spines and functional synapses to unlock visual cortical plasticity and facilitate recovery from amblyopia
Authors: David N. Bochner, Richard W. Sapp, Jaimie D. Adelson, Siyu Zhang, Hanmi Lee, Maja Djurisic, Josh Syken, Yang Dan, Carla J. Shatz
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Inhibition of a cell surface, Ig-like receptor in the adult mouse visual cortex increases neural plasticity and facilitates recovery from amblyopia.
Is ability to tolerate large doses of a medicine in any given disease without manifesting its ordinary effects, evidence that such medicine is of remedial value in the treatment of the disease?
Journal: JAMA (1885)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17401: Diesel Exhaust Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Hyperlipidemia and Liver Steatosis
Authors: Fen Yin, Will Driscoll, Dawoud Sulaiman, Laurent Vergnes, Jerry Ricks, Gajalakshmi Ramanathan, James Stewart, Margarete Mehrabian, Simon W Beaven, Karen Reue, Aldons J Lusis, Michael E Rosenfeld, Jesus A Araujo
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Air pollution associates with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, partly due to induction of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Our goal was to dissect mechanisms involved. Hypothesis: Diesel exhaust exposure induces hyperlipidemia and liver steatosis by dysregulating lipid metabolism, and altering gut microbiota composition. Methods: We assessed the effects of exposure to air pollution on lipid metabolism in mice through assessment of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, oxidized fatty acids 9-HODE and 13-HODE, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and gut microbiota composition. Findings were corroborated and mechanisms further assessed in culture of HepG2 hepatocytes. Results: ApoE KO mice exposed to inhaled diesel exhaust (DE, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 16 weeks) exhibited significantly (p&lt; 0.05) elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increased hepatic triglyceride content, and increased hepatic levels of 9-HODE and 13-HODE (oxidative products of linoleic acid) indicative of increased oxidative stress, as compared with control mice treated with filtered air (FA). DE also led to downregulation of Acad9 , which suggested decreased β-oxidation of fatty acids and decreased lipid catabolism. A direct effect of DEP exposure on hepatocytes was demonstrated by treatment of HepG2 cells with a methanol extract of DE particles followed by loading with oleic acid. As observed in vivo , this led to decreased ACAD9 expression, increased triglyceride content, and altered total, mitochondrial and ATP-linked respiration assessed by a Seahorse metabolic flux analyzer, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Direct treatment of mitochondrias with DE particles affected mitochondrial complexes I and IV. Conclusions: Diesel exhaust exposure leads to dyslipidemia and liver steatosis in ApoE KO mice, likely due to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased lipid catabolism.
Analgesic abuse and the barbiturate abstinence syndrome
Authors: S. H. Preskorn
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Abstinence syndromes secondary to sedative-hypnotic drugs can occur in a wide range of clinical situations. The first such cases due to a combination analgesic product containing a barbiturate are reported. Cryptic abuse of combination prescription drugs can cause difficult diagnostic problems, such as the abstinence syndromes reported here. Each prescriber should know the individual agents contained in a combination preparation and their potential side effects. (<i>JAMA</i>244:369-370, 1980)