tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colorectal tumorigenesis.
Authors: A M Abbasi, I C Talbot, A Forbes, I C Talbot
Journal: Gut (1995)

published literature on the gastrointestinal effects of acupuncture, we were unable to find any controlled study showing the effect of acupuncture on ulcer healing.4There have been three reports, however, of uncontrolled studies5-7 suggesting that acupuncture may be of therapeutic benefit in peptic ulcer dis- ease and Lux et al cited one of these.It is unfortunate that Lux et al failed to recognise our own work, but more so that they did not extend our initial studies into the mechanisms participating in the inhibition of acid secretion by acupuncture.Clearly, we agree with them that further studies are needed to examine therapeutic efficacy.
Covid-19: Single dose of Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccine produces strong antibody response in over 80s
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19: Single dose of Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccine produces strong antibody response in over 80sElisabeth Mahase A single dose of the Pfizer or Oxford-AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccine produces equivalent antibody responses five weeks after vaccination, a small study looking at people over 80 has found.2
Weight Gain during Induction Therapy of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Patients: A Preventable Problem
Authors: Vamsi Kota, Prachi Kharkhanis, Catherine R. Caprara, Sheldon Bolds, Stephanie Debragga, Kathryn Sarah Simon, Martha L. Arellano, Anand Jillella
Journal: Blood (2017)
Application of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for aging frailty: from mechanisms to therapeutics
Authors: Yingqian Zhu, Jianli Ge, Ce Huang, Hailiang Liu, Hua Jiang
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Aging frailty is a complex geriatric syndrome that becomes more prevalent with advancing age. It constitutes a major health problem due to frequent adverse outcomes. Frailty is characterized by disruption of physiological homeostasis and progressive decline of health status. Multiple factors contribute to development of frailty with advancing age, including genome instability, DNA damage, epigenetic alternations, stem cell exhaustion, among others. These interrelated factors comprehensively result in loss of tissue homeostasis and diminished reserve capacity in frailty. Therefore, the aged organism gradually represents symptoms of frailty with decline in physiological functions of organs. Notably, the brain, cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, and endocrine system are intrinsically interrelated to frailty. The patients with frailty may display the diminished reserves capacity of organ systems. Due to the complex pathophysiology, no specific treatments have been approved for prevention of this syndrome. At such, effective strategies for intervening in pathogenic process to improve health status of frail patients are highly needed. Recent progress in cell-based therapy has greatly contributed to the amelioration of degenerative diseases related to age. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can exert regenerative effects and possess anti-inflammatory properties. Transplantation of MSCs represents as a promising therapeutic strategy to address the pathophysiologic problems of frail syndrome. Currently, MSC therapy have undergone the phase I and II trials in human subjects that have endorsed the safety and efficacy of MSCs for aging frailty. However, despite these positive results, caution is still needed with regard to potential to form tumors, and further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of MSC therapy.
Control of lymphocyte functions by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids
Authors: Chang H. Kim
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2021)

Abstract A mounting body of evidence indicates that dietary fiber (DF) metabolites produced by commensal bacteria play essential roles in balancing the immune system. DF, considered nonessential nutrients in the past, is now considered to be necessary to maintain adequate levels of immunity and suppress inflammatory and allergic responses. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are the major DF metabolites and mostly produced by specialized commensal bacteria that are capable of breaking down DF into simpler saccharides and further metabolizing the saccharides into SCFAs. SCFAs act on many cell types to regulate a number of important biological processes, including host metabolism, intestinal functions, and immunity system. This review specifically highlights the regulatory functions of DF and SCFAs in the immune system with a focus on major innate and adaptive lymphocytes. Current information regarding how SCFAs regulate innate lymphoid cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells and how these functions impact immunity, inflammation, and allergic responses are discussed.
해설논문 : 간세포암종에서 전신항암화학요법의 최신 지견
Authors: 한철주 ( Chul Ju Han )
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2008)

Despite recent developments in various chemotherapeutic agents and the performing of numerous clinical trials, chemotherapy still produces unsatisfactory results in hepatocellular carcinoma due to poor clinical benefit compared with untreated controls and its significant toxicity. The presence of liver cirrhosis, its complications, and decreased liver function increase the complexity of chemotherapy. There is recent evidence that targeted agents and antiangiogenic agents such as thalidomide are somewhat effective whilst having minimal toxicities. Some patients are cured by aggressive chemotherapy alone or in combination with other modalities. Therefore, if a patient is in good condition and the tumor shows some response to chemotherapy, aggressive chemotherapy might be considered. Although conventional chemotherapeutic agents are not very effective in many patients, their utility might be improved by lowering toxicities using reduced doses or by selecting only responsive patients if adequate chemosensitivity tests are available. Imaging studies have been conventional tools for evaluating tumor responses, but their results are not always reliable. Establishing criteria for accurately determining tumor responses is urgently needed, along with better chemotherapeutic drugs and regimens. (Korean J Hepatol 2008;14:4-11)
Disseminated gonococcal infection in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria receiving eculizumab
Authors: Ikumi Niitsuma-Sugaya, Hajime Kanamori, Satoshi Ichikawa, Noriko Fukuhara, Issei Seike, Kentaro Takei, Hiroaki Baba, Kengo Oshima, Tetsuji Aoyagi, Hideo Harigae, Koichi Tokuda
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2021)
Covid-19: Budesonide shortens recovery time in patients not admitted to hospital, study finds
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Covid-19: Budesonide shortens recovery time in patients not admitted to hospital, study finds Elisabeth MahaseInhaled budesonide, a common corticosteroid used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, can shorten the time it takes for people not admitted to hospital to recover from covid-19 by three days, a trial in people over 50 at greater risk of covid-19 and people aged over 65 has found.
Preventing infectious diseases at the community level: an asset ecosystems approach
Authors: Zainab Oseni, Geordan Shannon
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2021)

BackgroundInterlocking planetary health crises can reveal the complex nature of human and environmental interactions and highlight the importance of broader health ecosystems. Reductionist approaches to human health overlook broader systems factors, such as informal economies and environmental factors. However, these systems play an key role in the promotion of health and prevention of infectious diseases such as HIV and malaria. To better understand these factors, we applied a community and health asset ecosystem approach to infectious disease prevention, drawing on systems thinking and asset-based methods.MethodsWe did a systematic review and qualitative synthesis, including English-language literature from community and participatory programmes in low-income and middle-income countries worldwide that were focused on Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, with no date restrictions. We applied a systems-minded, asset-based approach to analysis, to construct a community and health asset ecosystem and understand how community and health systems assets come together to prevent infectious diseases in dynamic, multilevel, and non-linear ways.FindingsWe included eight papers in the final review, which were original qualitative and quantitative research articles and systematic reviews from community-based HIV and malaria prevention interventions. Systems of health assets spanned micro, meso, and macro levels, and were identified across the informal community setting and the formal health system setting. Community assets represented primary (those inherent to the individual or community), secondary (knowledge, technologies, and rules to harness primary resources), and tertiary (higher-level community processes promoting quality and stewardship of local assets) resources. Process factors driving the success of community programmes involved partnerships, engagement, sufficient resource availability, and community leadership.InterpretationBeyond identifying systems of local assets for health, our approach emphasises the process of how these assets are best converted into meaningful outcomes. The community and health asset ecosystem reflects the complex human–environmental interface and sheds light on how individuals or communities can effectively and sustainably place a claim on assets necessary to achieve health.FundingNone.
Universal Immunohistochemistry for Lynch Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 58,580 Colorectal Carcinomas
Authors: Ellis L. Eikenboom, Anne-Sophie van der Werf–‘t Lam, Mar Rodríguez-Girondo, Christi J. Van Asperen, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Robert M.W. Hofstra, Monique E. Van Leerdam, Hans Morreau, Manon C.W. Spaander, Anja Wagner, Maartje Nielsen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2021)
Abstract 13315: Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Events Following Hospitalization for Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Leah B Kosyakovsky, Federico Angriman, Emma Katz, Neill Adhikari, Lucas C Godoy, Dennis T Ko, Douglas Lee, John Marshall, Robert S Rosenson, Michael E Farkouh, Damon Scales, Michael Detsky, Lior Bibas, Patrick R Lawler
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Sepsis results in dysregulated inflammation, coagulation, and metabolism, which may contribute to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between sepsis and subsequent long-term CVD events. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception to May 2020 to identify observational studies of adult sepsis survivors (defined by diagnostic codes or consensus definitions) measuring long-term CV outcomes. The primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, CV death, and stroke. Random-effects models estimated the pooled cumulative incidence and adjusted hazard ratios of CV events relative to hospital or population controls. Odds ratios were included as risk ratios assuming &lt;10% incidence in non-septic controls, and risk ratios were taken as hazard ratios (HR) assuming no censoring. Outcomes were analyzed at maximum follow-up (primary analysis) and stratified by time (&lt;1 year, 1-2 years, and &gt;2 years) since sepsis. Results: Of 11,235 abstracts screened, 25 studies (22 cohort studies, 2 case-crossover studies, and 1 case-control) involving 1,949,793 sepsis survivors were included. The pooled cumulative incidence of CVD events was 9% (95% CI; 5-14%). Sepsis was associated with an increased risk (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.37-1.86) of CVD events at maximum follow-up ( Figure ); between-study heterogeneity was substantial (I 2 =97.3%). There was no significant difference when comparing studies using population and hospital controls. Significantly elevated risk was observed up to 5 years following sepsis. Conclusions: Sepsis survivors experience an approximately 50% increased risk of CVD events, which may persist for years following the index episode. These results highlight a potential unmet need for early cardiac risk stratification and optimization in sepsis survivors.
Art in Endoscopy: A metal daisy
Authors: Thanawat Luangsukrerk, Pradermchai Kongkam
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

After creation of a hepaticogastrostomy, a first stent (the outer stent with a distal flare seen in the image) was found to be too short. We inserted a longer second SEMS, using the stent-in-stent technique, to secure the hepaticogastrostomy tract. The distal ends of the two stents had an accidental resemblance to the composite flower of a daisy.
インターフェロン-ガンマ仲介されたカスパーゼ8の発現亢進は、放射線療法と化学療法に対して髄芽腫細胞を感作する
Authors: Shalaby T, Von Buren A, Meister N, Rivera P, Oehler C, Pruschy M, Grotzer Ma
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)
High fat diet, gut microbiome and gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Yao Tong, Huiru Gao, Qiuchen Qi, Xiaoyan Liu, Juan Li, Jie Gao, Peilong Li, Yunshan Wang, Lutao Du, Chuanxin Wang
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Gastrointestinal cancer is currently one of the main causes of cancer death, with a large number of cases and a wide range of lesioned sites. A high fat diet, as a public health problem, has been shown to be correlated with various digestive system diseases and tumors, and can accelerate the occurrence of cancer due to inflammation and altered metabolism. The gut microbiome has been the focus of research in recent years, and associated with cell damage or tumor immune microenvironment changes via direct or extra-intestinal effects; this may facilitate the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal tumors. Based on research showing that both a high fat diet and gut microbes can promote the occurrence of gastrointestinal tumors, and that a high fat diet imbalances intestinal microbes, we propose that a high fat diet drives gastrointestinal tumors by changing the composition of intestinal microbes.
Cytomegalovirus infection is associated with an increase in aortic stiffness in older men which may be mediated in part by CD4 memory T-cells
Authors: Frances Kirkham, Alejandra Pera, Amanda M. Simanek, Aalia Bano, George Morrow, Bernhard Reus, Stefano Caserta, Helen E. Smith, Kevin A Davies, Chakravarthi Rajkumar, Florian Kern
Journal: Theranostics (2021)

Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with atherosclerosis, higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and an increase in memory T-cells (Tmem).T-cells have also been implicated in CVD, independently of CMV infection.To better understand the CMV-associated CVD risk, we examined the association between CMV (IgG) serostatus and central aortic (carotid-to-femoral) pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), an early, independent predictor of CVD.We also investigated if such an association might be reflected by the distribution of Tmem and/or other T-cell subsets.Methods: Healthy older volunteers (60-93 years) underwent routine clinical and laboratory evaluation, including assessment of cfPWV in eligible participants.Flow-cytometry was used to assess proportions of memory T-cells, CD28 null T-cells, and CMV-specific T-cells.The following associations were examined; CMV serostatus/cfPWV, CMV serostatus/proportion of Tmem, proportion of Tmem/cfPWV, CD28 null T-cells/cfPWV, and CMV-specific T-cells/cfPWV.Linear regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking, waist-to-hip ratio, cholesterol, and blood pressure as required.Results: Statistically significant positive associations were found (P-values for the fully adjusted models are given); CMV serostatus/cfPWV in men (P ≤ 0.01) but not in women, CMV serostatus/proportions of CD4 Tmem in men (P ≤ 0.05) but not in women; proportions of CD4 Tmem/cfPWV among CMV seropositive (CMV+) people (P ≤ 0.05) but not CMV seronegative (CMV-) people. Conclusion:CMV infection increases the CVD risk of older men by increasing cfPWV.This may be mediated in part by increased proportions of CD4 Tmem, higher numbers of which are found in CMV+ older people and more so among men than women.Given the high prevalence of CMV worldwide, our findings point to a significant global health issue.Novel strategies to mitigate the increased CVD risk associated with CMV may be required.
Protein Kinase CSNK1A Regulates the Multiple Myeloma Plasma Cell-Microenvironment Interplay
Authors: Sabrina Manni, Ketty Gianesin, Marilena Carrino, Federica Costa, Gregorio Barilà, Renato Zambello, Nicola Giuliani, Livio Trentin, Gianpietro Semenzato, Francesco Piazza
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract PR-004: Radiation modulates hepatic siphoning of T cells to improve immunotherapy efficacy
Authors: Michael Green, Jiali Yu, Shasha Li, Theodore S. Lawrence, Weiping Zou
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract It is not well established which site(s) in a metastatic patients should be targeted with radiotherapy to elicit responses to immunotherapy. While cancer frequently metastasizes to the liver, it is unknown if liver immune tolerance mechanisms contribute to cancer outcomes. We have found that that liver metastases diminish immunotherapy efficacy systemically in patients and preclinical models. We and others have shown that patients with liver metastases derive limited benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. In preclinical models, we show that liver metastases siphon activated CD8+ T cells from systemic circulation and induce their apoptosis within the liver. Consequently, liver metastases create a systemic immune desert. Similarly, patients with liver metastases have reduced adaptive immune responses. In preclinical models, liver-directed radiotherapy eliminates hepatic siphoning of T cells. Thus, liver metastases cause acquired immunotherapy resistance through CD8+ T cell deletion, and the combination of liver-directed radiotherapy and immunotherapy could promote systemic anti-tumor immunity. Citation Format: Michael Green, Jiali Yu, Shasha Li, Theodore S. Lawrence, Weiping Zou. Radiation modulates hepatic siphoning of T cells to improve immunotherapy efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PR-004.
Evidence-based approaches for the management of side-effects of adjuvant endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Maria Alice Franzoi, Elisa Agostinetto, Marta Perachino, Lucia Del Mastro, Evandro de Azambuja, Ines Vaz-Luis, Ann H Partridge, Matteo Lambertini
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2021)
Waneek Horn-Miller: from survivor to indigenous rights champion
Authors: Christopher Napier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2021)

It was 26 September 1990 and after months of a tense stand-off over disputed land, the Oka Crisis in Quebec was at its peak. Mohawk protesters had clashed with Quebec provincial police over the decision to build condominiums and expand a golf course into a forest and burial land that the Mohawk considered sacred. In the middle of it all was 14-year-old Waneek Horn-Miller. A promising young athlete in swimming and track and field, Horn-Miller had been holed up with her family for weeks behind the blockade while her mother was a negotiator for the Mohawk resistance. During the confusion surrounding the end of the stand-off that day, Horn-Miller was stabbed in the chest with a soldier’s bayonet (figure 1). She had been carrying her 4 year-old sister, Kaniehtiio, to safety.



Figure 1 
(A) On 26 September 1990, on the final day of the Oka standoff, Waneek Horn-Miller was trying to leave while carrying her 4-year-old sister, Kaniehtiio, when she was stabbed close to the heart by a soldier carrying a bayonet (Photo: Ryan Remiorz/The Canadian Press). (B) Horn-Miller competes for Canada at the 2000 Olympic Summer Games in Sydney, Australia (Photo: Jeff De Booy/Canadian Press).



It could have ended there. Not just because the bayonet could have ended Horn-Miller’s life—it …
Bone Metastases, Skeletal-Related Events, and Survival in Patients With Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Angel Qin, Songzhu Zhao, Abdul Miah, Lai Wei, Sandipkumar Patel, Andrew Johns, Madison Grogan, Erin M. Bertino, Kai He, Peter G. Shields, Gregory P. Kalemkerian, Shirish M. Gadgeel, Nithya Ramnath, Bryan J. Schneider, Khaled A. Hassan, Nicholas Szerlip, Zoey Chopra, Sara Journey, Jessica Waninger, Daniel Spakowicz, David P. Carbone, Carolyn J. Presley, Gregory A. Otterson, Michael D. Green, Dwight H. Owen
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2021)

Background: Bone metastases and skeletal-related events (SREs) are a frequent cause of morbidity in patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Data are limited on bone metastases and SREs in patients with mNSCLC treated using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and on the efficacy of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) in this setting. Here we report the incidence, impact on survival, risk factors for bone metastases and SREs, and impact of BMAs in patients with mNSCLC treated with ICIs in a multi-institutional cohort. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with mNSCLC treated with ICIs at 2 tertiary care centers from 2014 through 2017. Overall survival (OS) was compared between patients with and without baseline bone metastases using a log-rank test. A Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association between OS and the presence of bone metastases at ICI initiation, controlling for other confounding factors. Results: We identified a cohort of 330 patients who had received ICIs for metastatic disease. Median patient age was 63 years, most patients were treated in the second line or beyond (n=259; 78%), and nivolumab was the most common ICI (n=211; 64%). Median OS was 10 months (95% CI, 8.4–12.0). In our cohort, 124 patients (38%) had baseline bone metastases, and 43 (13%) developed SREs during or after ICI treatment. Patients with bone metastases had a higher hazard of death after controlling for performance status, histology, line of therapy, and disease burden (hazard ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.19–2.08; P =.001). Use of BMAs was not associated with OS or a decreased risk of SREs. Conclusions: Presence of bone metastases at baseline was associated with a worse prognosis for patients with mNSCLC treated with ICI after controlling for multiple clinical characteristics. Use of BMAs was not associated with reduced SREs or a difference in survival.
Functional Properties of Exon 17 KIT Mutations in Pediatric CBF AML Predict for Inferior Outcome and Enhanced Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Katherine Tarlock, Todd A Alonzo, Robert B Gerbing, Yi-Cheng Wang, Rhonda E. Ries, Tiffany Hylkema, Jason Joaquin, Susana C. Raimondi, Betsy A Hirsch, Edward A Kolb, Alan S Gamis, Soheil Meshinchi, Jessica A. Pollard
Journal: Blood (2017)