tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Web: Net gain for Arab health?
Authors: Yasser Shehata, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The internet remains a relatively new development within much of the Arab world. Although access and use are rapidly increasing, particularly amongst the young, it still figures relatively little in the day to day life of most Arabs. Where used, it is primarily for social reasons. Very few are likely to log on for health information and advice.

Given this background, the recent launch of Sehetna (www.sehetna.com), Jordan's first Arabic health portal, is therefore somewhat surprising. Also unusual for a health portal in a Muslim country, is the provision of information about sensitive areas such as reproductive health care, family planning, sexually transmitted infections, and HIV/AIDS.

The portal, which was launched earlier this year with the enthusiastic support of King Abdullah II, has been developed by the Jordan Communication Partnership for Family Health Program at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, along with government partners.​partners.




Figure 1



Health advice goes online in Jordan




In addition to simple factual information, there are also daily health tips, online surveys, and physician directories. There is also the opportunity to submit questions through an “Ask the Expert” feature.

However, Arab members of the public who tested the site on our request made comments such as “primitive, uninteresting, and irrelevant.” Despite winning this year's Golden Trophy Award (in the health and services category) at the second Pan Arab Web Award, the portal obviously has some way to go to meet public aspirations and override the strong culture of seeking health care from a trusted professional.

The site has a number of other limitations, including difficulties actually finding it through Arab search engines. Many pages are still under construction. There was also a lack of response from the “Ask the Expert” site. We only received an automated holding response a week after lodging a straightforward enquiry about the role of allergen avoidance measures in asthma. Three weeks later, we are still to receive a response.

How then could the site be rendered more useful? First, the portal needs to embrace web-casting, and develop audiovisual materials involving well known artists, sports personalities, and politicians to promote the site. Second, there needs to be far more interactivity—for example, disease-based discussion forums.

There remains a pressing need for a high quality portal of information for Arab healthcare professionals, but given the limitations of the current site, this is probably beyond the scope of Sehetna.
Commotio Cerebri: Cerebral Concussion and the Postconcussion Syndrome in Their Medical and Legal Aspects.
Authors: Cyril B. Courville
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vosaroxin and vosaroxin plus low-dose Ara-C (LDAC) vs low-dose Ara-C alone in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mike Dennis, Nigel Russell, Robert K. Hills, Claire Hemmaway, Nicki Panoskaltsis, Mary-Frances McMullin, Lars Kjeldsen, Helen Dignum, Ian F. Thomas, Richard E. Clark, Don Milligan, Alan K. Burnett
Journal: Blood (2015)
Abstract 17477: Role of NADPH Oxidase Subunit p67phox in Regulation of Pressure-Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophic Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Gene Expression
Authors: Chongxu Zhang, Guiqing Zhao, Xianyao Xu, Qiong Zhao, Jing Deng, Lei Xiao
Journal: Circulation (2011)

We had reported a transgenic (Tg) mouse model with cardiac-specific overexpression of a dominant-negative (DN) mutant (V204A) of NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunit p67 phox  that inhibits NOX activity. We showed that transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy was significantly attenuated in the Tg mice, but not in wild type (WT) mice. Since TAC had been reported to increase mouse myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, we thus tested if the myocardial ROS contributed to the above difference between WT and Tg. Age (10-12 weeks)-, body weight (BW)-matched Tg and WT C57BL/6 male mice were subjected to TAC or sham operation. Cardiac hypertrophy were confirmed 4-week post-TAC by echocardiography, heart weight/BW ratio, and fetal gene expression. Freshly isolated hearts were perfused and the left ventricle (LV) ROS level was determined using chemiluminescence method. Surprisingly, we found that the WT-TAC mouse heart showed consistently decreased ROS level (42±2% ↓, p phox  in regulation of TAC-induced myocardial ROS generation and antioxidants expression. In summary, our data show that NOX/p67 phox  regulates pressure-overload-induced cardiac oxidative stress and myocardial expression of antioxidants SOD3 and Trx1.
Abstract 15983: Increased Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Lead to Deleterious JNK Signaling and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in AMPK-Inactivated Hearts
Authors: Vlad G Zaha, Dake Qi, Hui-Young Lee, Xiaoyue Hu, Xiaohong Wu, Gerald I Shulman, Peter S Rabinovitch, Lawrence H Young
Journal: Circulation (2014)

AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a key stress responsive kinase that regulates cellular adaptation to metabolic stress. Inactivation of AMPK in “kinase-dead” (KD) mice increases myocardial damage following ischemia-reperfusion (IR). We have also shown decreased mitochondrial respiration and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and susceptibility to mitochondrial transition pore opening in KD hearts following IR. The aim of this study was to establish the importance of mitochondrial ROS production and downstream deleterious signaling to mediate tissue damage in absence of active AMPK in the heart. Detoxification of mitochondrial ROS requires conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water, therefore, we studied the effect of transgenic expression of mitochondrial catalase (MCAT) in wild type (WT) and KD mice. MCAT prevents mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production independent of mitochondrial energy production. Myocardial necrosis was assessed in vitro after global ischemia-reperfusion and in vivo after LAD ligation and reperfusion. Mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and downstream c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) expression and phosphorylation was assessed in vivo. Increased necrosis in KD hearts following mild global ischemia (15 minutes) - reperfusion (10 minutes) in vitro, was prevented by expression of MCAT (WT vs. KD 17.8±4.1 vs. 50±4.1%, p&lt;0.05 and MCAT-WT vs. MCAT-KD 16.9±4.8 vs. 29.3±4.4%, n.s., and factorial p&lt;0.05). Total JNK protein was not increased in WT and KD hearts with or without expression of MCAT. After coronary occlusion in vivo, KD mice showed increased cardiac activation of MKK4/JNK pathway (p&lt;0.05) as well as greater myocardial necrosis (p&lt;0.05). MCAT expression prevented the excessive cardiac JNK activation observed during IR in KD mice in vivo. Inhibition of JNK with SP600125 (10μM) during in vivo IR also resulted in a significant decrease in necrosis in KD hearts (WT vs. KD 9.1±0.7 vs. 28.2±2.9%, p&lt;0.05 and WT vs. KD with SP600125 8.5±0.5 vs. 10.2±1.1%, n.s. and factorial p&lt;0.05, percentage of equivalent area at risk). Thus, AMPK activation during IR prevents excess mitochondrial reactive oxygen production and consequent JNK signaling, thus protecting against myocardial injury.
A Multimarker Strategy for Risk Prediction in Heart Failure: Application of Novel Methods in a Community Cohort
Authors: Shannon Dunlay
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Abstract 1252 Shannon M Dunlay, Yariv Gerber, Susan A Weston, Jill M Killian, Margaret M Redfield, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Shannon Dunlay, 2008 Finalist and Presenting Author
The use of smallpox virus as a biological weapon: the vaccination situation in France
Authors: D Lévy-Bruhl, N Guérin
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

In the context of its plan to fight against bioterrorism, the Ministry of Health asked the Institut de Veille Sanitaire to evaluate the epidemic risk from a release of the small pox virus, and to make recommendations on potential vaccination strategies to be implemented. A benefit/risk assessment of various vaccination scenarios, including vaccination of the whole French population, was carried out to evaluate the severity of a terrorist action threat. This analysis concludes that at this stage, vaccination action does not seem to be justified. Even in the case of a real threat, the vaccination of frontline healthcare personnel, and in particular of contacts of cases, must be given priority.
DUPLICATE MEASUREMENTS OF CIRCULATION TIME MADE WITH THE SACCHARIN METHOD
Authors: Kurt H. Esser, Kurt Berliner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Article1 July 1943DUPLICATE MEASUREMENTS OF CIRCULATION TIME MADE WITH THE SACCHARIN METHODKURT H. ESSER, M.D., KURT BERLINER, M.D.KURT H. ESSER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, KURT BERLINER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-19-1-64 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMeasurements of the velocity of blood flow, repeated at intervals on the same patient, are sometimes used to evaluate the treatment of congestive heart failure. It is obvious that such serial tests can be of value only if their results chiefly reflect changes in the degree of heart failure and are not materially influenced by other factors. That such extracardiac factors are operative has recently been proved by Lilienfeld and Berliner1who used alpha lobeline hydrochloride as an agent and found wide "spontaneous" variations in the results of duplicate measurements. The present study was undertaken to determine whether duplicate measurements...Bibliography1. LILIENFELDBERLINER AK: Duplicate measurements of circulation time made with the alpha lobeline method, Arch. Int. Med., 1942, lxix, 739. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. FISHBERGHITZIGKING AMWHFH: Measurement of circulation time with saccharin, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1933, xxx, 651. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. TARROPPENHEIMERSAGER LBSRV: The circulation time in various clinical conditions determined by the use of sodium dehydrocholate, Am. Heart Jr., 1933, viii, 766. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. WEISSROBBBLUMGART SGPHL: The velocity of blood flow in health and disease, Am. Heart Jr., 1929, iv, 670. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication June 1, 1942.From the Department of Cardiology, Sydenham Hospital, New York, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcute cardiac tamponade pathologic physiology, diagnosis and managementEFFECT OF POSTURE ON VENOUS VELOCITY, MEASURED WITH 24NaClAlgunos aspectos de las cardiopatías y la mecánica circulatoria durante el embarazoDetermination of the Circulation Time in Children by the Decholin Method 1 July 1943Volume 19, Issue 1Page: 64-69KeywordsBlood flowHeart failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...
Co-expression of human prolactin drastically reduces breast cancer incidence in HER2/neu transgenic mice
Authors: Michele L. Scotti, Susan K. Peirce, Seth Tomblyn, Blake Derrick, John Langenheim, Isabelle Jacquemart, Jang Pyo Park, Wen Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

695  It is well documented that mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-HER2/neu transgenic (TG) mice have high mammary tumor incidence (t50=205 days). Overexpression of rat PRL within the mammary epithelium in TG mice has also been reported to induce mammary tumors and potentiate the actions of other mammary oncogenes. In our previous studies, we have shown that the hPRL antagonist, G129R, is effective as an anti-breast cancer agent both in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the role of hPRL and G129R in HER2/neu mammary tumorigenesis, we generated four lines of bi-transgenic (BiTG) mice that co-express MMTV-HER2/neu and hPRL or G129R under transcriptional control of either the metallothionein (MT, a systemic expression model) or MMTV promoter (a mammary specific expression model). Our unexpected results demonstrated that co-expression of low levels of hPRL in HER2/neu TG mice drastically reduced breast tumor incidence in both hPRL BiTG lines. The total tumor incidence in the MT-hPRLxHER2/neu BiTG line was 25/56 (t50=438 days); in the MMTV-hPRLxHER2/neu BiTG line, it was 2/36 (at the current age of 300 days). In contrast, co-expression of G129R in HER2/neu TG mice had no effect on overall tumor incidence [MT-G129RxHER2/neu, 50/53; MMTV-G129RxHER2/neu, 33/36]. One hypothesis that may help to explain the reduction in tumor incidence in the hPRL BiTG mice is that early exposure of the mammary gland to hPRL induces alterations that afford lifetime protection against the development of HER2/neu breast cancer. Our results further show that the mammary glands of female hPRL BiTG mice (1): undergo early completion of differentiation as indicated by ductal branching and terminal end bud change based on mammary gland whole mount comparisons; and (2): have both increased total ductal area (H&E staining) and decreased proliferative activity (Ki-67 IHC detection). Further, there was a significant difference in the tumor biomarkers between hPRL BiTG and HER/neu tumors. Phosphorylated HER2 was absent whereas higher levels of phosphorylated STAT-5 were seen in the hPRL BiTG tumors examined by western blot analyses, which suggests a less aggressive tumor type. In summary, expression of physiological concentrations of hPRL in HER2/neu TG mice induces early differentiation in the mammary gland, which leads to a drastic reduction in HER2/neu breast tumor incidence. This finding may open a new avenue for using hPRL as a chemopreventive agent specifically in HER2/neu initiated breast cancer.
Abstract 3117: Subclinical Aortic Atherosclerosis by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Increased Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in an Initially Healthy Cohort: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Michael L Chuang, Philimon Gona, Farouc A Jaffer, Carol J Salton, Kraig V Kissinger, Rene M Botnar, Susan J Blease, Daniel Levy, Christopher J O’Donnell, Warren J Manning
Journal: Circulation (2008)

INTRODUCTION: We sought to determine whether subclinical aortic atherosclerosis, detected noninvasively using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), predicts major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in adults without history or clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: 318 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort members (60±9 yrs, 51% women) underwent CMR in 1998–1999. Subjects were free of clinical CVD and were recruited from equal strata of age, sex and quintile of Framingham Coronary Risk score (FCRS), with double sampling of the top quintile. CMR of the descending aorta on a 1.5-T system used an ECG-triggered black-blood T2W TSE sequence with 1.03 × 0.64 × 5-mm 3 voxels, 10-mm gap. Aortic-lumen and plaque areas were hand-traced. MACE included CV death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or new heart failure (HF). A Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for FCRS was used to determine hazard ratio (HR) for MACE for the (within-sexes) quartile of subjects with greatest plaque burden (Q4) vs other subjects (Q1–3). Log-rank test was used to compare survival. RESULTS: CMR aortic atherosclerosis was identified in 38% of women and 41% of men. Over median 5.2-yr follow up, 38 MACE (4 deaths, 14 MIs, 12 strokes, 8 HF) occurred among 31 subjects. Greater plaque burden (Q4) was associated with 2.75-fold greater hazard of MACE (95% CI 1.33 – 5.69, p=0.007). The Figure shows Kaplan-Meier survival, log-rank p=0.0009. CONCLUSIONS: In a free-living population without history of cardiovascular disease, CMR evidence of subclinical aortic atherosclerosis was a predictor of 5-year MACE, even after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and Management
Authors: R. M. Francis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Osteoporosis is one of the most important diseases facing the ageing population because of the high prevalence of fractures, the enormous costs in health care funds required to deal with the consequence of these fractures, and the substantial effect in terms of suffering and disability. One-third of women over age 65 will have vertebral fractures, and the li fe-time risk ofhip fracture in white women (15%) is as great as that ofbreast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer combined. The life-time risk of hip fracture in men (5%) is as great as the risk of prostate cancer. Hip fracture is fatal in up to 20% of cases. One-half of survivors are unable to walk unassisted and 25% are confined to long-term ca re in nursing hornes. The recent awareness that osteo porosis is a treatable and partly preventable disease of the elderly, and not just the inevitable consequence of ageing, comes at a time of rapid progress in measurement of bone mass and in a better understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of bone cell function.
Parkinson's Disease
Authors: A E Lang, A M Lozano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

More than 180 years ago, James Parkinson first described the disorder that bears his name, and 30 years ago levodopa, still the most effective therapy, was introduced. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of unknown cause that affects over 1 million people in North America. Age is the single most consistent risk factor, and with the increasing age of the general population, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease will rise steadily in the future. The impact of the disease is indicated by the fact that mortality is two to five times as high among affected persons as among age-matched controls,1– . . .
Abstract P123: Percentage of Deaths Attributable to Poor Cardiovascular Health Behaviors: Findings from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study
Authors: Xuemei Sui, Jiajia Zhang, Duck-chul Lee, Enrique G Artero, Steven N Blair
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Although cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, and poor diet each have been linked to the risk of premature death, little is known about their relative individual and combined impact, adapted from the American Heart Association (AHA)’s new cardiovascular health construct, on mortality outcomes. We hypothesized that the individual and the combined health behaviors were inversely associated with all-cause mortality. The purpose of the study is to estimate the mortality effects of the 4 AHA defined cardiovascular health behaviors by examining the associated population attributable fractions (PAFs) of individual and combination factors. Methods: The study included 11240 (24% women) participants from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). Slightly modified AHA cardiovascular health behaviors (smoking, BMI, cardiorespiratory fitness and diet) were collected between 1987 and 1999 as part of the clinical examination. We used cardiorespiratory fitness as an objective marker of recent physical activity habits. Individuals with a history of a cardiovascular disease, or cancer were excluded. The cohort was followed to December 2003 or death. PAFs were calculated after adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, family history of CVD, and the four health behaviors. Results: Two hundred and sixty-eight deaths were documented during an average 12 years of follow-up. Low fitness had the highest PAFs at the 5 th , 10 th , and 15 th year of follow-up, respectively: 6.6% (95% CI: 1.6% - 11.4%), 6.4% (95% CI: 1.5% - 11.0%), and 5.5% (95% CI: 1.3% - 9.6%). Current smokers had the second highest PAFs at the 5 th , 10 th , and 15 th year of follow-up, respectively: 5.4% (95% CI: 0.1% - 10.3%), 5.2% (95% CI: 0.1% - 9.9%), and 5.0% (95% CI: 0.2% - 9.5%). Additional adjustment for other confounders in the model did not change the above associations. The PAFs for overweight or obese and unhealthy diet were not significant in the current study. Conclusion: Assuming a causal relationship between smoking, low fitness and mortality, avoidance of these two cardiovascular health risk factors would have prevented 13% of the deaths in the ACLS population. Targeted interventions to increase fitness as well as stopping smoking would most likely promote longevity.
Mental health services for children and adolescents
Authors: C. Lindsey, M. O'Donnell
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Promoting patient safety in primary care Honesty and openness may not be best policyEditor-We were both surprised by Wilson et al who, in their editorial, ask everybody to send in reports of their errors. 1Our concerns remain regardless of whether or not such accounts are published anonymously.After all, the police have used anonymous medical research data in their investigations.A conviction of culpable and reckless behaviour was secured against a man after he had sexual intercourse with his girlfriend without telling her he was infected with HIV.The scientific evidence that secured the conviction came from confidential research data that were obtained with a police warrant. 2 Furthermore, Wilson et all say that for doctors to report their errors, patient consent will be needed.This means that the patient will know that an account of his or her care is to be published and may read it.He or she may ask his lawyers to read it.The lawyers may then be able to substantiate this published account as a confession of guilt or negligence.Wherever and whoever we are, we must be careful as doctors what we say.For example, although we understand that no charges were brought, an incident last year highlights this point.Police are to hold a murder inquiry into the case of Peter Brand, a Member of Parliament for the Liberal Democrat Party for the Isle of Wight and a general practitioner, who mentioned during a parliamentary debate that he had withdrawn treatment from a two year old boy with leukaemia at the parents' request, to save him any more distress. 3This case had occurred in 1973, when he was a house officer.However regrettable, we do live in a culture of blame.To admit professional mistakes of a minor nature may be straightforwardly forgivable.The admission, however, of a serious offence or negligence by doctors may result in litigation against them.Before discussing such matters in public, doctors should seriously consider whether honesty and openness are the best policy.