tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Content of Normal and Diseased Human Hearts
Authors: Wilhelmraab, Wildagigee
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Because of the exquisitely oxygen-wasting and potentially hypoxia-producing effect of epinephrine on the myocardium, its relative (compared with norepinephrine) and absolute concentration in 85 human hearts was investigated. Significant increases above normal were found in cases of fresh myocardial infarction, in congestive heart failure, and in renal uremia. It is believed that the hypoxiating action of excess epinephrine in the heart muscle constitutes an important pathogenic factor in the origin of certain forms of functional and degenerative heart disease. Prolonged illnesses of various kinds seem to reduce the myocardial norepinephrine content.
Prevalence and characteristics of disporportionate ventricular septal thickening in infants with congenital heart disease.
Authors: B JMaron, J EEdwards, J HMoller, S EEpstein
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Necropsy studies were performed in 125 infants, 2 years old or less, with a variety of congenital heart malformations. Disproportionate ventricular septal thickening (septal-to-left ventricular free wall thickness ratio greater than or equal to 1.3) was present in 31 (25%) of the 125 patients. In the majority of patients, an abnormal septal-to-free wall ratio did not appear to be a manifestation of genetically transmitted hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, since: 1) marked disorganization of septal myocardium (involving greater than or equal to 5% of the tissue section) was present in only five of the 31 patients with disproportionate septal thickening; and 2) echocardiographic studies in first degree relatives of four other patients with disproportionate septal thickening and normal septal architecture did not show asymmetric septal hypertrophy. The relatively high prevalence of septal-to-free wall ratios of 1.3 or greater in this population of infants with congenital heart disease appeared to be due in part t...
Ventricular apical vents and postoperative focal contraction abnormalities in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.
Authors: R AShaw, YKong, E LPritchett, S GWarren, H NOldham, G SWagner
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Ventriculograms made 9-15 months after surgery in 48 patients with normal preoperative apical contraction were reviewed to determine the influence of apical venting on apical wall motion in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. After interpretation of postoperative apical wall motion, the patients were subdivided into two groups. One group consisted of 34 patients who were vented by inserting a catheter through the apex of the left ventricle and the second group included 14 patients in whom no transventricular vent was made. The two groups were similar clinically and hemodynamically before surgery, and the surgical procedures were similar with the exception of vent site. Following surgery, incidences of graft patency and antegrade flow to the apex were also similar. Nineteen (56%) patients in the apically vented group had apical dyskinesia or akinesia observed on the postoperative ventriculogram while none of the patients who were not apically vented had these findings. None of the patients with ap...
Circulatory and metabolic effects of glycerol infusion in patients with recent cerebral infarction.
Authors: J SMeyer, YItoh, SOkamoto, K MWelch, N TMathew, E OOtt, SSakaki, YMiyakawa, EChabi, A DEricsson
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The effect of intravenous infusion of 10 per cent glycerol on regional cerebral blood flow (using hydrogen bolus and Xenon-133 (133Xe) clearance methods) and metabolism was investigated in 57 patients with recent cerebral infarction. Hemispheric blood flow (HBF) increased, together with increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebral blood volume (rCBV), in foci of brain ischemia. Hemispheric oxygen consumption (HMIO2) decreased together with hemispheric respiratory quotient. Systemic blood levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and triglycerides also increased after glycerol while free fatty acids (FFA) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) decreased. Hemispheric glucose consumption was unaltered after glycerol so that hemispheric glucose to oxygen ratio tended to rise. Pyruvate and lactate production by brain was unchanged. Glycerol moved across the blood brain barrier into brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Release of FFA and Pi from infarcted brain was reversed by glycerol. Total phosphate balanc...
Screening and Diagnostic Mammography Utilization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health Implications and Future Research Needs
Authors: Sarah Nechuta, Heather Wallace
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2021)

the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic (1).As of February 28, 2021, COVID-19 infections have resulted in 513 122 deaths in the United States since the start of the pandemic and 1 803 940 new hospitalizations since August 1, 2020 (2).The impact of COVID-19 on preventive and diagnostic health-care delivery is unprecedented.At the start of the pandemic, medical and public health experts recommended complete cessation of cancer screening and other elective medical procedures in the United States to direct resources to treating COVID-19 patients and reduce potential exposure risks at health-care facilities (3,4).Screening mammography is a critical tool in the early detection and prevention of advanced breast cancer and mortality (5).Access to follow-up care and diagnostic mammography is vital for early diagnosis and appropriate and timely breast cancer treatment.Studies have shown that utilization of screening mammography varies by race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) (6,7).Poverty and lack of health insurance are key barriers to breast cancer screening at recommended intervals.Based on data from the National Health Interview Survey, only 39.5% of uninsured women in the United States were up to date with breast cancer screening in 2018, compared with 77.2% of women who were privately insured (8).The pandemic has resulted in unemployment and loss of health insurance (9), which may amplify known barriers and racial disparities in breast cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment.Further, accumulating evidence supports that access and use of healthcare services decreased during the pandemic across many health outcomes and settings (10)(11)(12)(13).This may represent a new mechanism by which disparities in breast cancer evolve, and data are needed to understand and document gaps in screening and diagnosis overall and by key population characteristics.In this issue of the Journal, Sprague and colleagues (14) use data from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium to understand trends in screening and diagnostic mammography utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic (through July 2020)
Contribution of variable entrance and exit block in protected foci to arrhythmogenesis in isolated ventricular tissues.
Authors: J ERosenthal, G RFerrier
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Automatic foci with membrane potentials in the range characterized by depolarization-induced automaticity exhibit entrance block. The present study demonstrates a role of variable entrance and exit block in arrhythmogenesis. We studied canine interventricular septa with the right bundle branch exposed, isolated false tendons and isolated feline papillary muscle using standard microelectrode techniques. Foci of automaticity were produced either by focal application of electric current or by exposure of the preparations to Tyrode's solution containing 1.5-2.0 mM KCl. Foci induced by mild depolarization exhibited entrance block with exit conduction and were subject to electrotonic modulation. With greater depolarization, varying degrees of exit block developed. Various rhythms, including Wenckebach periodicity, resulted. Delayed emergence of electrotonically accelerated activity led to closely coupled extrasystoles resembling reentrant activity. Exit conduction in some preparations was facilitated by enhance...
Decreased contractility of the ductus arteriosus in experimental pulmonic stenosis.
Authors: LMahony, R IClyman, M AHeymann
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Delayed closure of the ductus arteriosus after birth has been observed in newborn infants with critical pulmonic stenosis and in newborn lambs with experimental pulmonic stenosis. This delayed ductal closure may be caused by a decreased ability of the muscle to contract when exposed to oxygen or to an increased production of or sensitivity to prostaglandin (PG) E2, the endogenous ductus arteriosus vasodilator. To determine whether the abnormal hemodynamic pattern during fetal life associated with pulmonic stenosis alters the responsiveness of the ductus arteriosus, we operated on 10 fetal lambs of gestational ages 70 to 77 days (term is 148 days) and placed a band around the pulmonary artery. Catheterization at 137 to 142 days showed severe pulmonic stenosis. We then studied isolated rings of ductus arteriosus from these lambs. The oxygen-induced increase in tension in rings of ductus arteriosus from lambs with pulmonic stenosis was significantly decreased (2.55 +/- 0.38; n = 10) compared with rings from ...
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Country Implementation Experience and Results
Authors: M Rodriguez-Carrasco, D Libânio, P Pimentel-Nunes, P Barreiro, A Ferreira, R Küttner-Magalhães, R Pinho, P Boal Carvalho, M Areia, J Lage, M Serrano, J Silva, A Dias-Pereira, L Carvalho, AT Cadime, J Cotter, J Carvalho, I Pedroto, R Gonçalves, C Chagas, M Dinis-Ribeiro
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims The adoption of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) among Western countries remains slow due in part to the lack of a standardized training program. We aimed to analyze training and outcomes of ESD performed by Portuguese endoscopists with previous training in our centre and implementation at their own centres.
Abstract 15193: Pulmonary Hypertension in Pregnancy: WHO Group 1 Outcomes Improved, Time to Focus on WHO Group 2
Authors: William H Marshall, Stephen Gee, Woobeen Lim, Elisa A Bradley, Lauren Lastinger, Curt Daniels, Raymond L Benza, Michael Cackovic, Saurabh Rajpal
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Pregnancy is contraindicated in women with pulmonary hypertension (PH), yet many still decide to pursue pregnancy. Hypothesis: We hypothesized improved maternal mortality with PH at our center’s cardio-obstetrics program and sought to identify factors to estimate the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Methods: Pregnant women with right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) ≥35 mmHg or tricuspid regurgitant velocity &gt; 2.8 m/s on transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) were identified. Women with intermediate to high probability PH by ESC criteria (TTE or catheterization, n = 70) were classified using the 6 th World Society of PH definitions. Results: In 70 women with PH (30 ± 6 years-old, RVSP 52 ± 16 mmHg) there were 12 (17%) with WHO Group 1 PH, 45 (64%) with Group 2 PH, 4 (6%) with Group 3 PH and 9 (13%) with Group 5 PH (Figure A). Baseline characteristics were similar except: Group 1 PH had 83% on prostacyclin (PC) therapy, higher RVSP (78 ± 20 mmHg vs. Groups 2 (46 ± 9), 3 (44 ± 2 mmHg) and 5 PH (48 ± 10mmHg), p&lt;0.01), and compared to Group 2 PH, more Group 1 PH women were diagnosed pre-pregnancy (9 (75%) vs. 12 (27%), p = 0.01) and had cardio-obstetrics care (10 (83%) vs. 16 (36%), p &lt; 0.01) (Figure B - E). There were no peripartum deaths, however 3 (4.3%) women with Group 2 PH had late mortality (7 ± 4 months post-partum). MACE occurred in 24 (34%) women and was more likely in those with: NYHA FC ≥ 2 (95% CI 4.7-57, p &lt; 0.01), pre-eclampsia (95% CI 1.2-13, p = 0.03), RVSP &gt;50 mmHg (95% CI 1.3-10, p = 0.02) and LVEF &lt;50% (95% CI 1.1-8.8, p = 0.04) (Figure F). Preterm birth occurred in 32 (49%) pregnancies, with no neonatal mortality. Conclusion: To conclude, in a large single center cohort we report 100% 1-year survival in Groups 1, 3, and 5 PH, with most Group 1 PH patients on PC therapy and under cardio-obstetrics care. We identify Group 2 PH as an under-recognized group for adverse outcomes in pregnancy, with NYHA FC, pre-eclampsia, RVSP &gt;50 mmHg and LVEF &lt;50% associated with increased MACE.
Calcium and magnesium sensitivity of the carotid baroreceptor reflex in cats.
Authors: D LKunze
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

The systemic blood pressure response to changes in carotid sinus pressure has been examined during variations in the calcium and magnesium concentration of the perfusate of the isolated sinus. The threshold for the blood pressure response was increased by 16 +/- 0.8% when calcium was raised from 1.1 mM (control) to 2.2 mM and increased by 27 +/- 1.8% when calcium was raised to 3.3 mM. The threshold was reduced by 21 +/- 0.7% in zero calcium and 13 +/- 0.8% in 0.55 mM Ca2+. The sensitivity (slope of the linear portion of the pressure response curve) of the reflex was not significantly changed except at 3.3 mM Ca2+ where it was reduced by 16 +/- 2.9%. Magnesium had directionally similar effects of a lesser magnitude. Earlier work described the reduced sensitivity and threshold of the baroreceptor reflex when sodium concentration in the carotid perfusate was reduced. The present study shows that reducing calcium attenuates the effect of lowered sodium and increasing calcium augments it. These results are dis...
Quantitative analysis of contraction band and coagulation necrosis after ischemia and reperfusion in the porcine heart.
Authors: SMiyazaki, HFujiwara, TOnodera, YKihara, MMatsuda, D JWu, YNakamura, TKumada, SSasayama, CKawai
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To assess the importance of contraction band necrosis (CBN) in reperfusion, CBN, coagulation necrosis (CN), and infarct size, expressed as CBN + CN, were quantitatively analyzed in 25 porcine hearts without collateral circulation. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 20, 30, 60, and 120 min and then reperfused for 8 hr (groups 1 to 4, respectively). Five hearts were not reperfused (group 5). The areas of CBN and CN were traced at a magnification of X 100 under an inverted microscope and quantified with use of an image analyzer. There was no change in hemodynamics with either occlusion or reperfusion. Regional myocardial blood flow, measured by the generated hydrogen gas clearance method, decreased to almost zero after occlusion but recovered during reperfusion. Percent of risk area infarcted in groups 1 to 4 was 0 +/- 0%, 11 +/- 7%, 80 +/- 9%, and 96 +/- 2%, respectively, and the percent of risk area infarcted in group 4 was the same as that in hearts subjected to permanent occlusi...
Assessment of risk area during coronary occlusion and infarct size after reperfusion with myocardial contrast echocardiography using left and right atrial injections of contrast.
Authors: F SVillanueva, W PGlasheen, JSklenar, SKaul
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDMyocardial opacification during echocardiography has been demonstrated after left (LA) and right (RA) atrial injections of contrast, and microvascular damage with reduced blood flow and impaired flow reserve has been documented in necrotic myocardial tissue. Therefore, we hypothesized that because of its ability to depict capillary perfusion, myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) can be used to define risk area during coronary occlusion and infarct size after reperfusion with LA and RA injections of contrast in the presence of pharmacologically induced coronary hyperemia.METHODS AND RESULTSEighteen open-chest anesthetized dogs with 3 to 6 hours of left anterior descending artery occlusion and 15 minutes of reflow were studied in the presence of either dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg over a period of 4 minutes) or dobutamine (15 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). Technetium autoradiography was performed for risk area assessment; infarct size was measured with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride; and in 11 dogs, my...
Shed antigen-induced blocking effect on CAR-T cells targeting Glypican-3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Luan Sun, Fang Gao, Zhanhui Gao, Lei Ao, Na Li, Sujuan Ma, Meng Jia, Nan Li, Peihua Lu, Beicheng Sun, Mitchell Ho, Shaochang Jia, Tong Ding, Wei Gao
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)

Background Glypican-3 (GPC3), a cell surface glycoprotein that is pathologically highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is an attractive target for immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The serum GPC3 is frequently elevated in HCC patients due to the shedding effect of cell surface GPC3. The shed GPC3 (sGPC3) is reported to block the function of cell-surface GPC3 as a negative regulator. Therefore, it would be worth investigating the potential influence of antigen shedding in anti-GPC3 CAR-T therapy for HCC. Methods In this study, we constructed two types of CAR-T cells targeting distinct epitopes of GPC3 to examine how sGPC3 influences the activation and cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells in vitro and in vivo by introducing sGPC3 positive patient serum or recombinant sGPC3 proteins into HCC cells or by using sGPC3-overexpressing HCC cell lines. Results Both humanized YP7 CAR-T cells and 32A9 CAR-T cells showed GPC3-specific antitumor functions in vitro and in vivo. The existence of sGPC3 significantly inhibited the release of cytokines and the cytotoxicity of anti-GPC3 CAR-T cells in vitro. In animal models, mice carrying Hep3B xenograft tumors expressing sGPC3 exhibited a worse response to the treatment with CAR-T cells under both a low and high tumor burden. sGPC3 bound to CAR-T cells but failed to induce the effective activation of CAR-T cells. Therefore, sGPC3 acted as dominant negative regulators when competed with cell surface GPC3 to bind anti-GPC3 CAR-T cells, leading to an inhibitory effect on CAR-T cells in HCC. Conclusions We provide a proof-of-concept study demonstrating that GPC3 shedding might cause worse response to CAR-T cell treatment by competing with cell surface GPC3 for CAR-T cell binding, which revealed a new mechanism of tumor immune escape in HCC, providing a novel biomarker for patient enrolment in future clinical trials and/or treatments with GPC3-targeted CAR-T cells.
Prognosis after extension of myocardial infarct: the role of Q wave or non-Q wave infarction.
Authors: A SMaisel, SAhnve, EGilpin, HHenning, A LGoldberger, DCollins, MLeWinter, JRoss
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We examined whether or not subsets of patients with extension of myocardial infarct were at high risk for early and late mortality. Some data suggest increased risk in patients with non-Q wave infarcts and we hypothesized that infarct extension in this group might be associated with a poorer prognosis than that for patients with extension of Q wave infarcts. A total of 1253 patients with acute myocardial infarction who were included in our data base were followed prospectively. The patients were classified according to electrocardiographic results into the following groups: those with non-Q wave (n = 277) infarcts and those with Q-anterior (n = 462) and Q-inferior (n = 497) infarcts. Extension was diagnosed by two of the following criteria: (1) recurrent chest pain 24 hr or more after admission to the hospital, (2) new persistent electrocardiographic changes, and (3) elevation or reappearance of creatine kinase. By these criteria 85 (6%) patients had extension (8% of non-Q wave infarcts, 6% of Q-anterior ...
De subitaneis mortibus. XIV. Bacterial arteritis in Whipple's disease.
Authors: T NJames, W SHaubrich
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Although Whipple's disease is clinically recognized for its features of arthritis and diarrhea, pericarditis and cardiac valvular disease are frequently present and a significant number of such patients die suddenly and unexpectedly. This report includes special postmortem cardiovascular examinations in a 55-year-old man who died of Whipple's disease. Pericarditis and valvular disease were extensively present. There was also focal myocardial degeneration, including the sinus node, A-V node and His bundle. Typical Schiff-positive bacilli were found in the tunica media and endothelium most numerously in the small coronary and hepatic arteries, less in splenic and renal arteries, and least in small pulmonary arteries. Large coronary arteries and the aorta were not involved. Three stages of bacterial invasion of the arteries included a noninflammatory phase in which the bacilli were most numerous, a pancreatic phase in which bacilli were distinctly less numerous, and a healed scarring of arteries previously d...
Prognosis in medically-treated coronary artery disease: influence of ejection fraction compared to other parameters.
Authors: G RNelson, P FCohn, RGorlin
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The prognostic value of the left ventricular ejection fraction(EF) was compared to that of other commonly used indices--severity of coronary artery disease, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac index, and abnormal ECG--in 144 patients with coronary artery disease followed for an average of 14 months on medical management. During this period, 14 patients (10%) died. Analysis of the mortality demonstrated that the EF was the most powerful predictor of short-term survival. Thus, patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease and anormal EF (greater than 0.50) had a significantly lower mortality (12%) than did patients with three-vessel CAD and a reduced EF (33%, P less than 0.001). Similar comparisons were observed within the subgroups with abnormal hemodynamics or an abnormal ECG. Therefore, the EF appears to be an important prognostic guide in the medical therapy of coronary artery disease, and is of significantly more discriminant value than other measurements when combined abnormalities e...
Analysis of coronary flow fields in thoracotomized dogs.
Authors: H BAtabek, S CLing, D JPatel
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

A nonlinear theory of pulsatile flow was used to investigate the detailed flow field in the left circumflex coronary artery of anesthetized open-chest dogs. Studies were carried out under a wide range of blood pressures and flow rates induced by intravenous infusions of dipyridamole. The results indicated that (1) the flow profiles, although less blunt than those in the descending aorta, are still nonparabolic, (2) the wall shear in the coronary arteries maintains a high value through diastole, and (3) during intravenous infusions of dipyridamole both coronary flow and wall shear increase. The peak value of the shear stress during these infusions, which reached 360 dynes/cm2, can approach the yield stress value of 400 dynes/cm2 reported by Fry for endothelial cells.
Turner's Syndrome
Authors: Paul Saenger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Currently, there are 50,000 to 75,000 girls and women with Turner's syndrome in the United States alone. Turner's syndrome, first described in 1938,1 is the most common sex-chromosome abnormality in females, affecting an estimated 3 percent of all females conceived. However, the frequency among live-born female infants is only 1 in 1500 to 1 in 2500, and as many as 15 percent of spontaneous miscarriages have a 45,X karyotype. It is estimated that only 1 in 100 embryos with a 45,X karyotype survive to term.2 Molecular studies have shown that the maternal X is retained in two thirds of patients . . .