tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Seronegative Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Joshua F. Craft, Patrick Ryscavage
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Selection of Neoadjuvant Treatment Arms in Trials of Patients With Squamous Cell Cancer of the Esophagus—Reply
Authors: Hao Wang, Lijie Tan
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Racial diversity and reporting in FDA registration trials for thoracic malignancies from 2006 to 2020.
Authors: Ryan S. Chiang, Michael Glover, Gavin Hui, Aakash Desai, Heather A. Wakelee, Mark Lythgoe, Ali Raza Khaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

135 Background: Black patients have a disproportionately high incidence and mortality from lung cancer. Despite the importance of clinical trials, there continue to be significant racial disparities in recruitment for pivotal registration studies. In 2016, the FDA recommended reporting racial enrollment with a minimum of 5 categories (White, Black, Asian, American Indian or Alaskan Native [AIAN] and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander [NHPI]). The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors also recommend reporting race and ethnicity. We evaluated race reporting and representation in registration trials for thoracic cancers. Methods: We reviewed the FDA website and identified all new drug licensing indications in thoracic malignancies (small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mesothelioma) from 2006 to 2020. NSCLC was further classified as EGFR+, ALK+, other mutation and NOS (no driver mutation). Clinical trials cited on the licensing label for market authorization were recorded and the corresponding registration trial publication was identified. If race was unreported or underreported (defined as ≤3 groups) in the licensing study, then additional information was obtained from clinicaltrials.gov. We calculated the proportion of registration trials meeting FDA criteria and the proportion of each racial group in trials. Results: From 2006-2020, we identified 55 new licensing indications, involving 26 unique drugs; 5 approvals in SCLC, 49 approvals in NSCLC and 1 in mesothelioma. Prior to the FDA race reporting guidelines, 33% (6/18) of registration studies did not meet FDA requirements. This improved to 27% (10/37) after the guideline introduction. Overall 29,545 patients participated in thoracic registration trials; 66% White, 22% Asian, 2% Black, &lt;1% AIAN, &lt;1% NHPI, 1% other or multiple races and 9% unknown. Table shows race distribution by cancer subtype. Conclusions: Although improving, a substantial number of registrational clinical trials in thoracic oncology still do not report race per FDA guidance. In addition, Black individuals are disproportionately under-represented in registration trials. Greater efforts are needed for the inclusion of Black patients and other minorities in clinical trials.[Table: see text]
Abstract 15826: Misclassification of Pericardial Disease Diagnosis; International Classification of Diseases-10 Coding Requires Validation
Authors: Muhammad M Furqan, Michael Chetrit, Paul Cremer, Allan L Klein
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Pericardial diseases (PD) usually present clinically as acute pericarditis (AP) & pericardial effusion (PE) or with complications such as constrictive pericarditis, recurrent pericard...
Making a resect-and-discard strategy work for diminutive colorectal polyps: let's get real
Authors: Douglas K. Rex
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

In this issue of Endoscopy, Taghiakbari et al. report that assigning the histology of diminutive colorectal polyps by colon location alone produced greater agreement with surveillance intervals determined by pathology than surveillance intervals determined by optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps [1]. The location-based resect-and-discard (LBRD) strategy was simple: everything that is diminutive proximal to the sigmoid is considered an adenoma, and everything diminutive in the rectosigmoid is hyperplastic. The result highlights the limitations of optical diagnosis [2], which might soon be overcome by artificial intelligence predictions of histology.
Role of PDE10A in vascular smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and pathological vascular remodelling
Authors: Lingfeng Luo, Yujun Cai, Yishuai Zhang, Chia G Hsu, Vyacheslav A Korshunov, Xiaochun Long, Peter A Knight, Bradford C Berk, Chen Yan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

Intimal hyperplasia is a common feature of vascular remodelling disorders. Accumulation of synthetic smooth muscle cell (SMC)-like cells is the main underlying cause. Current therapeutic approaches including drug-eluting stents are not perfect due to the toxicity on endothelial cells and novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Our preliminary screening for dysregulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in growing SMCs revealed the alteration of PDE10A expression. Herein, we investigated the function of PDE10A in SMC proliferation and intimal hyperplasia both in vitro and in vivo.
Identification of adult Philadelphia-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia using a FISH‐based algorithm distinguishes prognostic groups and outcomes
Authors: Zaid H. Abdel-Rahman, Michael G. Heckman, Theodora Anagnostou, Launia J. White, Sara M. Kloft‐Nelson, Ryan A. Knudson, Hassan B. Alkhateeb, Lisa Z. Sproat, Nandita Khera, Hemant S. Murthy, Ernesto Ayala, William J. Hogan, Vivek Roy, Jess F. Peterson, Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, Rhett P. Ketterling, Mark R. Litzow, Linda B. Baughn, Mrinal Patnaik, Patricia T. Greipp, James M. Foran
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2021)
P-112 Compliance analysis of biological samples and questionnaire collection in a colorectal cancer microbiome study: The VHIO experience
Authors: S. Napoli, M. Sanchis, I. Baraibar, A. Garcia, N. Ann Wornham, N. Sanchez, A. Piris, E. Garralda, E. Elez Fernandez, J. Tabernero, P. Nuciforo, N. Bayo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
Abstract 15509: Impact of Small Aortic Annulus Area on Prosthetic Valve Hemodynamics After Surgical versus Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Takeshi Kitai, Mitsuhiko Ota, Ryo Horita, Kitae Kim, Takafumi Yamane, Makoto Kinoshita, Shuichiro Kaji, Natsuhiko Ehara, Tadaaki Koyama, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with small aortic annuls remains challenging because aortic annulus size had a major impact on valve hemodynamics and clinical outcomes after ...
Both‐In‐One Hybrid Bacteria Suppress the Tumor Metastasis and Relapse via Tandem‐Amplifying Reactive Oxygen Species‐Immunity Responses
Authors: Mengchi Sun, Hao Ye, Qinghua Shi, Jun Xie, Xiang Yu, Hao Ling, Song You, Zhonggui He, Bin Qin, Jin Sun
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Bacterial therapy, which targets the tumor site and aims at exerting an antitumor immune response, has displayed a great potential against malignant tumors. However, failure of the phase I clinical trial of Salmonella strain VNP20009 alone demonstrates that bacterial treatment alone can unsatisfy the requirements of high efficiency and biosafety. Herein, a strategy of both‐in‐one hybrid bacteria is proposed, wherein the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) is integrated onto the surface of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)‐overexpressed non‐pathogenic Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) strain, to potentiate the antitumor efficacy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is produced by GDH from E. coli , promotes the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the tumor, and ROS is then catalyzed by the DOX‐activated NADPH oxidases. Importantly, the hybrid bacteria enhance stimulated systemic antitumor immune responses, thereby leading to effective tumor eradication. When this strategy is applied in four different tumor models, the hybrid bacteria significantly inhibited tumor metastasis, postsurgical regrowth, and primary/distal tumor relapse. The both‐in‐one ROS‐immunity‐boosted hybrid bacteria strategy provides knowledge for the rational design of bacteria‐based synergistic cancer therapy.
Adherence to screening mammogram guidelines in the transgender/non-binary population.
Authors: Natalie Luehmann, Mona Ascha, Emily Chwa, Caitlin Stockslager, Paige Hackenberger, Kareem Termanini, Lauren Beach, Christopher Benning, Dipti Gupta, Danny Sama, Swati Kulkarni, Sumanas Jordan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

120 Background: Data is limited regarding rates of breast cancer and mammography screening within the transgender/non-binary (TGNB) population. Screening recommendations vary and there is no global consensus. TGNB patients face unique challenges that may preclude screening and risk assessment, such as barriers to accessing healthcare, lack of provider education, and limited data regarding hormonal impacts on risk. This study aims to address adherence to current screening mammogram recommendations within the TGNB population at a single hospital system. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed using ICD codes, sexual orientation and gender identity data, and key words to identify TGNB patients that had contact with the Northwestern Hospital system between March 2019 and February 2021. Patients designated female at birth (DFAB) and age ≥ 40 with breasts at time of screening eligibility were included as well as patients designated male at birth (DMAB) and age ≥ 50 with ≥ 5 years of hormone therapy (HT). Rates of screening mammogram were evaluated along with analysis of demographic factors that may predict for or against adherence to recommendations. ASBrS and USPSTF guidelines, screening mammograms starting at age 40 and 50, respectively, were applied to patients DFAB. UCSF Center for Transgender Health and Fenway Health guidelines (screening mammogram at age 50 and ≥ 5 years of HT) were applied to patients DMAB. Results: The table illustrates screening adherence rates according to guidelines with two definitions of adherence. We evaluated patients who had screening mammogram “on-time” which was defined at age 40 or 50 with a two year grace period. We also defined adherence as having had a screening mammogram within the two year study period regardless of age. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis evaluating for insurance status, employment status, level of education, and hormone use did not identify any factors associated with likelihood of adhering to screening guidelines in either the DFAB or DMAB population. Conclusions: Adherence to screening mammogram recommendations among the TGNB population at Northwestern Hospital system is low across all sub-groups. In contrast, the ACO rate of adherence to screening mammogram (within the last two years) at our institution for all-comers (age ≥ 50-74) in 2019 was 77.33%. Demographic data failed to elucidate any association with likeliness to undergo appropriate breast cancer screening. This disparity demands the development of initiatives aimed at increasing breast cancer screening rates for the Northwestern TGNB population.[Table: see text]
Emergence of Artemisinin-Resistant <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> in East Africa
Authors: Nicholas J. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

The artemisinins are the cornerstone of current antimalarial treatments. Artesunate is the drug of choice for severe malaria. Artemisinin combination therapies are first-line treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria and serve as alternatives to chloroquine for the other types of malaria. These highly effective and well tolerated antimalarials have contributed substantially to global reductions in malaria deaths and complications. The first clear evidence of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum parasites came 15 years ago in Western Cambodia. This finding had an ominous precedent. This was the same place from which chloroquine resistance arose first in the late 1950s. Chloroquine resistance, and . . .
c-MYC-mediated TRIB3/P62+ aggresomes accumulation triggers paraptosis upon the combination of everolimus and ginsenoside Rh2
Authors: Min-Xia Su, Yu-Lian Xu, Xiao-Ming Jiang, Mu-Yang Huang, Le-Le Zhang, Luo-Wei Yuan, Xiao-Huang Xu, Qi Zhu, Jian-Li Gao, Jia-Hong Lu, Xiuping Chen, Ming-Qing Huang, Yitao Wang, Jin-Jian Lu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2021)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is abnormally activated in lung cancer. However, the anti-lung cancer effect of mTOR inhibitors as monotherapy is modest. Here, we identified that ginsenoside Rh2, an active component of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., enhanced the anti-cancer effect of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ginsenoside Rh2 alleviated the hepatic fat accumulation caused by everolimus in xenograft nude mice models. The combination of everolimus and ginsenoside Rh2 (labeled Eve-Rh2) induced caspase-independent cell death and cytoplasmic vacuolation in lung cancer cells, indicating that Eve-Rh2 prevented tumor progression by triggering paraptosis. Eve-Rh2 up-regulated the expression of c-MYC in cancer cells as well as tumor tissues. The increased c-MYC mediated the accumulation of tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3)/P62+ aggresomes and consequently triggered paraptosis, bypassing the classical c-MYC/MAX pathway. Our study offers a potential effective and safe strategy for the treatment of lung cancer. Moreover, we have identified a new mechanism of TRIB3/P62+ aggresomes-triggered paraptosis and revealed a unique function of c-MYC.
Association between oncology drug review times and public funding recommendations.
Authors: Richard Gagnon, Chelsea Wong, Eddy Taguedong, Parthiv Maneesh, Safiya Karim, Richard M. Lee-Ying, Doreen Anuli Ezeife
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

99 Background: New oncology drugs undergo detailed review of clinical, economic, and patient data. Thoroughly assessing these data can require lengthy review processes, in the absence of accelerated approval pathways. The aim of this study was to assess how cancer drug review times impact public funding recommendations. Methods: Drugs reviewed by Canada’s health technology assessment body, the pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review (pCODR), from April 2012 to November 2020 were included in this study. Data was collected including Health Canada approval date, initial and final funding recommendations, treatment intent, drug class, clinical indication (tumour type) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER). Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to determine the association between funding recommendations and review times. Results: Of the 227 applications submitted to pCODR, 168 had received positive funding recommendations. Amongst the total drug applications, 24 (14.3%) drugs were intended for the treatment of thoracic cancers, 19 (11.3%) for gastrointestinal cancers, 17 (10.1%) for genitourinary cancers, 17 (10.1%) for breast cancer, and 91 (54.2%) for other tumour sites. Median time from pCODR submission to final recommendation was longer for drugs indicated for the treatment of lung and breast cancer compared to those indicated for treatment of other tumours (223 vs. 212 vs. 203 days, respectively; Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.0322). Drugs with longer review times were more likely to receive a negative pCODR recommendation, even when adjusting for ICER (157 vs 298 days, Wilcoxon p-value = 0.0003). There was no association between positive or negative funding recommendation and tumour type. Conclusions: Oncology drugs with longer review times are less likely to receive recommendation for public funding in Canada. Addressing factors contributing to variance in review times and standardizing the review process can ensure equitable access to cancer drugs.
European Association of Urology Guidelines on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health: 2021 Update on Male Infertility
Authors: Suks Minhas, Carlo Bettocchi, Luca Boeri, Paolo Capogrosso, Joana Carvalho, Nusret Can Cilesiz, Andrea Cocci, Giovanni Corona, Konstantinos Dimitropoulos, Murat Gül, Georgios Hatzichristodoulou, Thomas Hugh Jones, Ates Kadioglu, Juan Ignatio Martínez Salamanca, Uros Milenkovic, Vaibhav Modgil, Giorgio Ivan Russo, Ege Can Serefoglu, Tharu Tharakan, Paolo Verze, Andrea Salonia
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Durvalumab consolidation therapy following chemoradiotherapy among patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated in a U.S. community oncology network.
Authors: David Michael Waterhouse, Candice Yong, Nicholas J. Robert, Kathleen M. Aguilar, Juliet Ndukum, Yiqiong Xie, Brian S. Seal, Ion Cotarla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

295 Background: While the introduction of durvalumab consolidation therapy shifted the treatment paradigm for unresectable stage III NSCLC, few studies have examined real-world use of durvalumab in this patient population. Methods: This was a retrospective study of adult patients diagnosed with unresectable Stage III NSCLC between 8/1/2017-2/29/2020 who received chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by durvalumab consolidation therapy in The US Oncology Network. Structured electronic health record (EHR) data was used to screen for potentially eligible patients who received durvalumab consolidation. Through a targeted chart review, patients’ eligibility was verified. Study variables on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, CRT and durvalumab treatment patterns were sourced from structured and unstructured EHR data. Results: Among 1,626 patients who received CRT during the study observation period and were screened through structured records, 851 (52.3%) of these patients received durvalumab. Through chart review, 528 patients were verified to be eligible for this analysis (median age 70 years, 51.5% male, 18% Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status [ECOG PS] score of 0, 59% with an ECOG PS score of 1). Across the study population, 73.9% received a total radiation dose between 54 and 66 Gy, with the rest receiving higher doses (6.5%), lower doses (3.2%) or doses not documented (15.8%). The mean and median time from end of radiation to post-CRT scan were 41 and 36 days, respectively; the mean and median time from end of radiation to durvalumab initiation were 58 and 47 days, respectively, with 57% of patients initiating durvalumab &gt; 42 days. At the end of study observation period (median follow-up duration of 46.9 weeks), 173 of 528 patients (32.7%) were still actively receiving durvalumab treatment, 98 (18.6%) had completed planned treatment and 257 (48.7%) had discontinued treatment due to progression (18.2%), adverse events (17.2%), death (5.3%) or other reasons (8%). Conclusions: These results provide insights into real-world use of the PACIFIC regimen in a community setting with an older and more fragile population. Radiation therapy doses administered during CRT were largely consistent with the PACIFIC trial. There were delays in time to post-CRT scan and durvalumab initiation, with more than half of patients starting durvalumab &gt; 42 days after CRT. These findings highlight opportunities for quality improvement measures in this population.
What Will It Take to End HIV in the United States?
Authors: Anthony Todd Fojo, Melissa Schnure, Parastu Kasaie, David W. Dowdy, Maunank Shah
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Background: The Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative aims to reduce incident HIV infections by 90% over a span of 10 years. The intensity of interventions needed to achieve this for local epidemics is unclear. Objective: To estimate the effect of HIV interventions at the city level. Design: A compartmental model of city-level HIV transmission stratified by age, race, sex, and HIV risk factor was developed and calibrated. Setting: 32 priority metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Patients: Simulated populations in each MSA. Intervention: Combinations of HIV testing and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage among those at risk for HIV, plus viral suppression in persons with diagnosed HIV infection. Measurements: The primary outcome was the projected reduction in incident cases from 2020 to 2030. Results: Absent intervention, HIV incidence was projected to decrease by 19% across all 32 MSAs. Modest increases in testing (1.25-fold per year), PrEP coverage (5 percentage points), and viral suppression (10 percentage points) across the population could achieve reductions of 34% to 67% by 2030. Twenty-five percent PrEP coverage, testing twice a year on average, and 90% viral suppression among young Black and Hispanic men who have sex with men (MSM) achieved similar reductions (13% to 68%). Including all MSM and persons who inject drugs could reduce incidence by 48% to 90%. Thirteen of 32 MSAs could achieve greater than 90% reductions in HIV incidence with large-scale interventions that include heterosexuals. A web application with location-specific results is publicly available (www.jheem.org). Limitation: The COVID-19 pandemic was not represented. Conclusion: Large reductions in HIV incidence are achievable with substantial investment, but the EHE goals will be difficult to achieve in most locations. An interactive model that can help policymakers maximize the effect in their local environments is presented. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.