tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Children’s Health Perspective on Nano- and Microplastics
Authors: Kam Sripada, Aneta Wierzbicka, Khaled Abass, Joan O. Grimalt, Andreas Erbe, Halina B. Röllin, Pál Weihe, Gabriela Jiménez Díaz, Randolph Reyes Singh, Torkild Visnes, Arja Rautio, Jon Øyvind Odland, Martin Wagner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)

Pregnancy, infancy, and childhood are sensitive windows for environmental exposures. Yet the health effects of exposure to nano- and microplastics (NMPs) remain largely uninvestigated or unknown. Although plastic chemicals are a well-established research topic, the impacts of plastic particles are unexplored, especially with regard to early life exposures.This commentary aims to summarize the knowns and unknowns around child- and pregnancy-relevant exposures to NMPs via inhalation, placental transfer, ingestion and breastmilk, and dermal absorption.A comprehensive literature search to map the state of the science on NMPs found 37 primary research articles on the health relevance of NMPs during early life and revealed major knowledge gaps in the field. We discuss opportunities and challenges for quantifying child-specific exposures (e.g., NMPs in breastmilk or infant formula) and health effects, in light of global inequalities in baby bottle use, consumption of packaged foods, air pollution, hazardous plastic disposal, and regulatory safeguards. We also summarize research needs for linking child health and NMP exposures and address the unknowns in the context of public health action.Few studies have addressed child-specific sources of exposure, and exposure estimates currently rely on generic assumptions rather than empirical measurements. Furthermore, toxicological research on NMPs has not specifically focused on child health, yet children's immature defense mechanisms make them particularly vulnerable. Apart from few studies investigating the placental transfer of NMPs, the physicochemical properties (e.g., polymer, size, shape, charge) driving the absorption, biodistribution, and elimination in early life have yet to be benchmarked. Accordingly, the evidence base regarding the potential health impacts of NMPs in early life remains sparse. Based on the evidence to date, we provide recommendations to fill research gaps, stimulate policymakers and industry to address the safety of NMPs, and point to opportunities for families to reduce early life exposures to plastic. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9086.
A specific microbiota signature is associated to various degrees of ulcerative colitis as assessed by a machine learning approach
Authors: Brigida Barberio, Sonia Facchin, Ilaria Patuzzi, Alexander C. Ford, Davide Massimi, Giorgio Valle, Eleonora Sattin, Barbara Simionati, Elena Bertazzo, Fabiana Zingone, Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a complex immune-mediated disease in which the gut microbiota plays a central role, and may determine prognosis and disease progression. We aimed to assess whether a specific microbiota profile, as measured by a machine learning approach, can be associated with disease severity in patients with UC. In this prospective pilot study, consecutive patients with active or inactive UC and healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Stool samples were collected for fecal microbiota assessment analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. A machine learning approach was used to predict the groups' separation. Thirty-six HCs and forty-six patients with UC (20 active and 26 inactive) were enrolled. Alpha diversity was significantly different between the three groups (Shannon index: p-values: active UC vs HCs = 0.0005; active UC vs inactive UC = 0.0273; HCs vs inactive UC = 0.0260). In particular, patients with active UC showed the lowest values, followed by patients with inactive UC, and HCs. At species level, we found high levels of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in inactive UC and active UC, respectively. A specific microbiota profile was found for each group and was confirmed with sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis, a machine learning-supervised approach. The latter allowed us to observe a perfect class prediction and group separation using the complete information (full Operational Taxonomic Unit table), with a minimal loss in performance when using only 5% of features. A machine learning approach to 16S rRNA data identifies a bacterial signature characterizing different degrees of disease activity in UC. Follow-up studies will clarify whether such microbiota profiling are useful for diagnosis and management.
Mepolizumab and Benralizumab Reduce Eosinophilic Inflammation in Nasal Polyposis, Do Neutrophils Take Over?
Authors: Tim Delemarre, Elien Gevaert, Gabriele Holtappels, Nan Zhang, Hans Nauwynck, Claus Bachert
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Rapid neutrophil mobilization by VCAM-1+ endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Naveed Akbar, Adam T Braithwaite, Emma M Corr, Graeme J Koelwyn, Coen van Solingen, Clément Cochain, Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba, Alastair Corbin, Daniela Pezzolla, Malene Møller Jørgensen, Rikke Bæk, Laurienne Edgar, Carla De Villiers, Mala Gunadasa-Rohling, Abhirup Banerjee, Daan Paget, Charlotte Lee, Eleanor Hogg, Adam Costin, Raman Dhaliwal, Errin Johnson, Thomas Krausgruber, Joey Riepsaame, Genevieve E Melling, Mayooran Shanmuganathan, Adrian Banning, Raj Kharbanda, Neil Ruparelia, Mohammad Alkhalil, GianLiugi De Maria, Lisa Gaughran, Erica Dall’Armellina, Vanessa Ferreira, Alessandra Borlotti, Yujun Ng, Christoph Bock, David R F Carter, Keith M Channon, Paul R Riley, Irina A Udalova, Kathryn J Moore, Daniel C Anthony, Robin P Choudhury
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2022)

Abstract Aims Acute myocardial infarction rapidly increases blood neutrophils (&amp;lt;2 h). Release from bone marrow, in response to chemokine elevation, has been considered their source, but chemokine levels peak up to 24 h after injury, and after neutrophil elevation. This suggests that additional non-chemokine-dependent processes may be involved. Endothelial cell (EC) activation promotes the rapid (&amp;lt;30 min) release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have emerged as an important means of cell–cell signalling and are thus a potential mechanism for communicating with remote tissues. Methods and results Here, we show that injury to the myocardium rapidly mobilizes neutrophils from the spleen to peripheral blood and induces their transcriptional activation prior to arrival at the injured tissue. Time course analysis of plasma-EV composition revealed a rapid and selective increase in EVs bearing VCAM-1. These EVs, which were also enriched for miRNA-126, accumulated preferentially in the spleen where they induced local inflammatory gene and chemokine protein expression, and mobilized splenic-neutrophils to peripheral blood. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated VCAM-1-deficient EC-EVs and showed that its deletion removed the ability of EC-EVs to provoke the mobilization of neutrophils. Furthermore, inhibition of miRNA-126 in vivo reduced myocardial infarction size in a mouse model. Conclusions Our findings show a novel EV-dependent mechanism for the rapid mobilization of neutrophils to peripheral blood from a splenic reserve and establish a proof of concept for functional manipulation of EV-communications through genetic alteration of parent cells.
Epigenomic priming of immune genes implicates oligodendroglia in multiple sclerosis susceptibility
Authors: Mandy Meijer, Eneritz Agirre, Mukund Kabbe, Cassandra A. van Tuijn, Abeer Heskol, Chao Zheng, Ana Mendanha Falcão, Marek Bartosovic, Leslie Kirby, Daniela Calini, Michael R. Johnson, M. Ryan Corces, Thomas J. Montine, Xingqi Chen, Howard Y. Chang, Dheeraj Malhotra, Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
Journal: Neuron (2022)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a targeted attack on oligodendroglia (OLG) and myelin by immune cells, which are thought to be the main drivers of MS susceptibility. We found that immune genes exhibit a primed chromatin state in single mouse and human OLG in a non-disease context, compatible with transitions to immune-competent states in MS. We identified BACH1 and STAT1 as transcription factors involved in immune gene regulation in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). A subset of immune genes presents bivalency of H3K4me3/H3K27me3 in OPCs, with Polycomb inhibition leading to their increased activation upon interferon gamma (IFN-γ) treatment. Some MS susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) overlap with these regulatory regions in mouse and human OLG. Treatment of mouse OPCs with IFN-γ leads to chromatin architecture remodeling at these loci and altered expression of interacting genes. Thus, the susceptibility for MS may involve OLG, which therefore constitutes novel targets for immunological-based therapies for MS.
Table of Contents
Authors: Konstantinos Aronis, Richard Joseph, George Blackburn, Christos Mantzoros, Nathalie Bendsen, Steen Haugaard, Thomas Larsen, Elizaveta Chabanova, Steen Stender, Arne Astrup, Kazuki Mochizuki, Yasumi Misaki, Rie Miyauchi, Satsuki Takabe, Masaya Shimada, Noriyuki Miyoshi, Yoko Ichikawa, Toshinao Goda, Ilana Platt, Andrea Josse, Cyril Kendall, David Jenkins, Ahmed El-Sohemy
Journal: Metabolism (2011)
Targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts in the bone marrow prevents resistance to CART-cell therapy in multiple myeloma
Authors: Reona Sakemura, Mehrdad Hefazi, Elizabeth L. Siegler, Michelle J. Cox, Daniel P. Larson, Michael J. Hansen, Claudia Manriquez Roman, Kendall J. Schick, Ismail Can, Erin E. Tapper, Paulina Horvei, Mohamad M. Adada, Evandro D. Bezerra, Lionel Aurelien Kankeu Fonkoua, Michael W. Ruff, Wendy K. Nevala, Denise K. Walters, Sameer A. Parikh, Yi Lin, Diane F. Jelinek, Neil E. Kay, P. Leif Bergsagel, Saad S. Kenderian
Journal: Blood (2022)
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for a symptomatic cervical esophageal cavernous hemangioma
Authors: Zhen Zhu, Lu Wang, Jian Yin, Li Zhang, Jun Liu, Lei Chen
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

A 29-year-old man was found with a round mass in the cervical esophagus on chest computed tomography (CT) for dysphagia. The mass was convex to the esophageal lumen, causing stenosis, and enhanced gradually to show punctate calcification (white arrow) ([Fig. 1]). Gastroscopy revealed a mass with a smooth bluish surface in the right posterior esophageal wall, 20 cm from the incisors ([Fig. 2]). Endoscopic ultrasound showed an inhomogeneous hypoechoic and well demarcated mass localized to the submucosal layer and measuring 15 mm × 20 mm in diameter ([Fig. 3]).
Consensus guidelines and recommendations for infection prevention in multiple myeloma: a report from the International Myeloma Working Group
Authors: Noopur S Raje, Elias Anaissie, Shaji K Kumar, Sagar Lonial, Thomas Martin, Morie A Gertz, Amrita Krishnan, Parameswaran Hari, Heinz Ludwig, Elizabeth O'Donnell, Andrew Yee, Jonathan L Kaufman, Adam D Cohen, Laurent Garderet, Ashutosh F Wechalekar, Evangelos Terpos, Navin Khatry, Ruben Niesvizky, Qing Yi, Douglas E Joshua, Tapan Saikia, Nelson Leung, Monika Engelhardt, Mohamad Mothy, Andrew Branagan, Ajai Chari, Anthony J Reiman, Brea Lipe, Joshua Richter, S Vincent Rajkumar, Jesús San Miguel, Kenneth C Anderson, Edward A Stadtmauer, Rao H Prabhala, Phillip L McCarthy, Nikhil C Munshi
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2022)
Cytokine Production in Psoriasis Patients with Comorbidities Correlates with Efficacy of Biologic Treatment
Authors: Nikolai Potekaev, O. Zhukova, S. Artemyeva, Levon Gevorkyan, I. Radysh, Roman Khanferyan, Lawrence DuBuske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Application
Authors: Catherine Alix-Panabières, Klaus Pantel
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Over the past 10 years, circulating tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have received enormous attention as new biomarkers and subjects of translational research. Although both biomarkers are already used in numerous clinical trials, their clinical utility is still under investigation with promising first results. Clinical applications include early cancer detection, improved cancer staging, early detection of relapse, real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, and detection of therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms. Here, we propose a conceptual framework of CTC and ctDNA assays and point out current challenges of CTC and ctDNA research, which might structure this dynamic field of translational cancer research. SIGNIFICANCE: The analysis of blood for CTCs or cell-free nucleic acids called "liquid biopsy" has opened new avenues for cancer diagnostics, including early detection of tumors, improved risk assessment and staging, as well as early detection of relapse and monitoring of tumor evolution in the context of cancer therapies.
Innovative Educational-Empowerment-Empathy Networks for/by Allergic-Immunodeficient Children/Teens/Adults – Inclusive Model towards Health Literacy Reproducible across Chronic Diseases
Authors: Lenora Noroski, Kathleen Pitts, Theresa Aldape, Daisy Tran, Aikaterini Anagnostou, Lauren Kronisch, Larraine Lyter-Reed, Sara Anvari, Anonymous User, Carla Davis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
THE DOCTOR'S BILLS.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Carbon monoxide poisoning among recreational boaters
Authors: S. M. Silvers
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe the case characteristics of a series of patients poisoned with carbon monoxide (CO) while boating for recreation. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cases of patients referred for treatment of CO poisoning with hyperbaric oxygen were reviewed. Those cases that occurred during recreational boating were selected for analysis. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A private, urban, tertiary care center studied from July 1984 to June 1994. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Thirty-nine patients ranging in age from 6 months to 69 years who were poisoned in 27 separate incidents. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Characteristics of the poisoning incidents were assessed at initial patient presentation, immediately following treatment, and with follow-up telephone interviews. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of 512 patients treated for acute unintentional CO poisoning, 39 cases (8%) occurred in 27 incidents related to recreational boating activities. Individuals typically lost consciousness as a result of the poisoning. Most cases occurred aboard a boat that was older than 10 years, had an enclosable cabin, was longer than 22 feet, was powered by a gasoline engine, and was without a CO detector on board. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Carbon monoxide poisoning is a serious hazard associated with recreational boating. The installation of CO detectors aboard boat types typically associated with this syndrome should be strongly encouraged. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1614-1616)
In Vitro Matured Human Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Form Grafts With Enhanced Structure and Function in Injured Hearts
Authors: Wahiba Dhahri, Tamilla Sadikov Valdman, Dan Wilkinson, Elizabeth Pereira, Eylül Ceylan, Naaz Andharia, Beiping Qiang, Hassan Masoudpour, Fanny Wulkan, Elya Quesnel, Wenlei Jiang, Shunsuke Funakoshi, Amine Mazine, M. Juliana Gomez-Garcia, Neda Latifi, Yidi Jiang, Ella Huszti, Craig A. Simmons, Gordon Keller, Michael A. Laflamme
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have tremendous promise for application in cardiac regeneration, but their translational potential is limited by an immature phenotype. We hypothesized that large-scale manufacturing of mature hPSC-CMs could be achieved through culture on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-lined roller bottles and that the transplantation of these cells would mediate better structural and functional outcomes than with conventional immature hPSC-CM populations.We comprehensively phenotyped hPSC-CMs after in vitro maturation for 20 and 40 days on either PDMS or standard tissue culture plastic substrates. All hPSC-CMs were generated from a transgenic hPSC line that stably expressed a voltage-sensitive fluorescent reporter to facilitate in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological studies, and cardiomyocyte populations were also analyzed in vitro by immunocytochemistry, ultrastructure and fluorescent calcium imaging, and bulk and single-cell transcriptomics. We next compared outcomes after the transplantation of these populations into a guinea pig model of myocardial infarction using end points including histology, optical mapping of graft- and host-derived action potentials, echocardiography, and telemetric electrocardiographic monitoring.We demonstrated the economic generation of >1×108 mature hPSC-CMs per PDMS-lined roller bottle. Compared with their counterparts generated on tissue culture plastic substrates, PDMS-matured hPSC-CMs exhibited increased cardiac gene expression and more mature structural and functional properties in vitro. More important, intracardiac grafts formed with PDMS-matured myocytes showed greatly enhanced structure and alignment, better host-graft electromechanical integration, less proarrhythmic behavior, and greater beneficial effects on contractile function.We describe practical methods for the scaled generation of mature hPSC-CMs and provide the first evidence that the transplantation of more mature cardiomyocytes yields better outcomes in vivo.
Current serodiagnosis and treatment of syphilis
Authors: S. Olansky
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In recent years there has been a resurgence of syphilis in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis rose from a low of 6,399 in 1956 to 22,969 in 1964, with nearly half of the recent cases occurring in teen-agers and young adults. Reported cases of infectious syphilis among teen-agers have increased by more than 213% since 1956. Apparently there are many additional cases which, for various reasons, are not reported, and a consideration of these raises the probable number of cases in 1964 to more than 120,000.<sup>2</sup>Thus it seems timely to consider both the interpretation of serologic tests for syphilis and the treatment of this infection. <h3>Consideration of Serologic Tests</h3> Although there have been a number of changes in the serologic testing and therapy of syphilis since a publication in 1961 by one of us,<sup>3</sup>much of that basic information is still
Cancer, New York
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Avoiding a plane crash with colonoscopy
Authors: Michal F. Kaminski
Journal: Endoscopy (2022)

Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) is a cancer diagnosed following an apparently cancer-negative colonoscopy [1]. What does it have in common with a plane crash? It is catastrophic for the patient because it happens after examination giving false reassurance and fails to prevent or detect potentially lethal cancer. It may be catastrophic for health care providers by inducing stress, negative perception, or legal consequences for the physician and provider. Finally, the majority of PCCRCs, similarly to plane crashes, result from human factors and are preventable [1]. However, unlike the aviation industry, which sets rigorous training standards for personnel, and requires safety checklists and root cause analyses of crashes, the medical community has, for many years, disregarded the human factors associated with PCCRC. This is likely to be the reason for unacceptably high PCCRC rates and their wide variation between providers [2]. Only recently, the World Organization of Endoscopy (WEO) reached consensus statements on PCCRC and recommended review of individual PCCRC cases along with a root cause analysis to determine the most plausible explanation [1].
In Brief
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bridging knowledge gaps in pediatric urticaria through a video-based educational tool
Authors: Jumanah Karim, Sofianne Gabrielli, Pasquale Mule, Bahar Torabi, Adam Byrne, Sarah De Schryver, Vanessa Gadoury-Levesque, Reza Alizadehfar, Christine McCusker, Xun Zhang, Moshe Ben-Shoshan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)