tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
POPULAR LUNACY.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunization
Authors: D. C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

PREVENTION of disease by immunization predates knowledge of infection or immunology in human history. Inoculation of smallpox material intranasally in an effort to prevent smallpox was first noted in 590 BC in the Sung Dynasty. From such empiric beginnings are derived immunization practices, built on centuries of casual and painstaking observation, intuition, and scientific experiment. Current immunization practices are based on immunologic aspects of the host response, the state of microbiological technology, restraints of practicality, and economic, ethical, and medicolegal considerations. The recent elimination of smallpox represents the final chapter in a 2500-year history of vaccination that has included all of the previously mentioned factors.<sup>1</sup> Active immunization is based on the premise that immunologic mechanisms appropriate for defense against microorganisms can be evoked in the absence of significant infectious risk to the host. Exposure to an infectious agent initiates a variety of cellular and molecular responses. Collectively, these responses
Harnessing the chemokine system to home CAR-T cells into solid tumors
Authors: Jade Foeng, Iain Comerford, Shaun R. McColl
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

CAR-T cell therapy has been heralded as a breakthrough in the field of immunotherapy, but to date, this success has been limited to hematological malignancies. By harnessing the chemokine system and taking into consideration the chemokine expression profile in the tumor microenvironment, CAR-T cells may be homed into tumors to facilitate direct tumor cell cytolysis and overcome a major hurdle in generating effective CAR-T cell responses to solid cancers.
BERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of COVID-19 Quarantine Duration and Postquarantine Transmission Risk in 4 University Cohorts
Authors: Andrew Bo Liu, Dan Davidi, Hannah Emily Landsberg, Maria Francesconi, Judy T. Platt, Giang T. Nguyen, Sehyo Yune, Anastasia Deckard, Jamie Puglin, Steven B. Haase, Davidson H. Hamer, Michael Springer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Optimal quarantine length for COVID-19 infection is unclear, in part owing to limited empirical data. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess postquarantine transmission risk for various quarantine lengths and potential associations between quarantine strictness and transmission risk. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cohort study in 4 US universities from September 2020 to February 2021, including 3641 university students and staff who were identified as close contacts to individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individuals were tested throughout the 10 to 14–day quarantine, and follow-up testing continued at least weekly throughout the 2020-2021 academic year. <h3>Exposures</h3> Strict quarantine, including designated housing with a private room, private bathroom, and meal delivery, vs nonstrict, which potentially included interactions with household members. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Dates of last known exposure, last negative test result, and first positive test result during quarantine. <h3>Results</h3> This study included 301 quarantined university students and staff who tested SARS-CoV-2–positive (of 3641 quarantined total). These 301 individuals had a median (IQR) age of 22.0 (20.0-25.0) years; 131 (43.5%) identified as female; and 20 (6.6%) were staff. Of the 287 self-reporting race and ethnicity according to university-defined classifications, 21 (7.3%) were African American or Black, 60 (20.9%) Asian, 17 (5.9%) Hispanic or Latinx, 174 (60.6%) White, and 15 (5.2%) other (including multiracial and/or multiethnic). Of the 301 participants, 40 (13.3%; 95% CI, 9.9%-17.6%) had negative test results and were asymptomatic on day 7 compared with 15 (4.9%; 95% CI, 3.0%-8.1%) and 4 (1.4%; 95% CI, 0.4%-3.5%) on days 10 and 14, respectively. Individuals in strict quarantine tested positive less frequently than those in nonstrict quarantine (10% vs 12%;<i>P</i> = .04). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> To maintain the 5% transmission risk used as the basis for US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 7-day test-based quarantine guidance, our data suggest that quarantine with quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing 1 day before intended release should be 10 days for nonstrict quarantine and 8 days for strict quarantine, as ongoing exposure during quarantine may be associated with the higher rate of positive test results following nonstrict quarantine.
Use of lipid in amphotericin B infusion has no benefit
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Changed criteria for diabetes need further researchIn 1997 the American Diabetes Association changed the diagnostic fasting plasma value for glucose from 7.8 to 7.0 mmol/l.For screening and epidemiological studies they no longer recommended the standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test recommended by the WHO.The DECODE Study Group's reanalysis of epidemiological studies in eight European countries-more than 26 000 patients-found that the two diagnostic criteria agreed in only 431 of 1517 people classified as diabetic (p 371).Because of this reclassification the group says that the WHO should wait for results of further reanalyses, with focus on prognostic impact, before it considers adopting the ADA criteria.
Cardiac Radiology
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This monograph, limited to certain common acquired and congenital heart lesions, stresses fluoroscopy and plain films rather than cardioangiography and other special techniques. To this extent the title,<i>Cardiac Radiology</i>, promises somewhat more than is delivered. Yet it is hard to fault Dr. Dunne's presentation of those subjects that he has included, and the emphasis on simpler methods is of especial teaching and practical value to the nonradiologist. The fruits of a decade-long, and undoubtedly intimate, collaboration with cardiologists and cardiac surgeons are revealed in the organization and presentation of his material. Each topic is logically arranged and thoroughly covered in a compact, lucid style combining physiologic and clinical data with descriptions of the radiographic findings. An outstanding feature is the profusion of illustrations, all clearly reproduced and expertly keyed to the text. By themselves they form a concise, though inclusive, atlas of common cardiac disorders, for Dr. Dunne has
Abstracts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1955)

At the end of each section is a list of titles of articles noted but not abstracted.Not all sections may be represented in any one issue.The section "ACTH, Cortisone, and other Steroids" includes abstracts and titles of articles dealing with steroid research which, although not directly concerned with the rheumatic diseases, may make an important contribution to knowledge of the scope and modus operandi of steroid therapy.
Acute Hepatitis B Among Children and Adolescents—United States, 1990-2002
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Since the 1991 adoption of a comprehensive strategy to eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in the United States, the incidence of acute hepatitis B cases has declined steadily. Declines have been greatest among children born after the 1991 recommendations for universal infant hepatitis B vaccination were implemented. In 1995, the elimination strategy was expanded to include routine vaccination of all adolescents aged 11-12 years and, in 1999, to include children aged < or =18 years who had not been vaccinated previously. To describe the epidemiology of acute hepatitis B in children and adolescents in the United States, CDC analyzed notifiable disease surveillance data collected during 1990-2002 and data collected during 2001-2002 through enhanced surveillance of reported cases of acute hepatitis B in children born after 1990. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that the rate of acute hepatitis B in children and adolescents decreased 89% during 1990-2002 and that racial disparities in hepatitis B incidence have narrowed. Many confirmed cases in persons born after 1990 occurred among international adoptees and other children born outside the United States. Continued implementation of the hepatitis B elimination strategy and accurate surveillance data to monitor the impact of vaccination are necessary to sustain the decline of acute hepatitis B among children.
Ukraine invasion: Russian doctors urge Putin to cease hostilities
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2022)

Thousands of Russian doctors and other healthcare workers have signed an open letter to Vladimir Putin urging him to cease hostilities against Ukraine.In their letter doctors, nurses, and paramedics said that they "strongly oppose the military actions carried out by Russian armed forces on the territory of Ukraine" and called for their president to withdraw troops. 1 2 As at Monday 28 February a total of 15 000 medical professionals across Russia had signed the letter."Our mission is to save human lives," the letter said."At this difficult time for both countries, we call for an immediate cessation of hostilities and for the resolution of all political issues exclusively by peaceful means."The letter emphasised that doctors' relatives, friends, patients, and colleagues were located in the areas under attack."There is not a single person among them who would benefit from the ongoing bloodshed," they wrote."Human life is priceless.It takes a moment to be killed in action, while the treatment and recovery of the victims can take years.And for the moments of today's war, we will pay for many years after.Therefore, following our oaths and maintaining a humane and equal treatment of all lives, we demand an immediate suspension of all operations with the use of lethal weapons."Ksenia Suvorova, a doctor by training and founder of the Russian evidence based medicine news site MadMed.Media, who coordinated the letter, told The BMJ that many healthcare professionals who signed the letter had friends or relatives living in Ukraine who have been affected by the invasion."My best friend lives in Kharkiv.Luckily for her she was able to escape and flee the city on the first day, when Russian tanks were coming towards her home.She didn't go too far, and she stayed in the suburbs.However, this area was covered by bombing soon.This is not the only story some of us have received from Ukraine from our friends and families.Obviously, hearing such terrible news was hard to bear," she said.Suvorova added that some doctors and medical professionals in Russia were being urged to join the military operation in Ukraine."Many people are seriously considering leaving," she said."Of course, many of us are scared."I certainly do not support hostility towards Ukraine and demand the discontinuation of war efforts immediately.It's difficult for all doctors, because we feel like we were thrown back in time and are living through a civil war, where society is divided into those who support the war and those who are against it.However, most doctors are against this, as is stated in our letter, because of the nature of our profession at the very least.It is our duty to be sympathetic."She added, "I am glad to see the number of people from the medical community who continue to sign our letter.It means that with each signature there is one more person against the war."Other professional groups, including journalists, teachers, scientists, and cultural figures, have made similar pleas to Putin. 1
Major Depression and Its Recurrences: Life Course Matters
Authors: Scott M. Monroe, Kate L. Harkness
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2022)

Major depression is one of the most prevalent and debilitating personal and public health conditions worldwide. Less appreciated is that depression's tremendous burdens are not shared equally among all who become depressed. Some will suffer recurrences over the rest of their lives, whereas half or more will never have a recurrence. Based on these two distinctive life course prototypes, we propose a subtype distinction for research on the origins and lifetime course of major depression. A pressing goal is to determine at the time of depression's first onset who will follow which clinical trajectory. The lack of recognition of this distinction has resulted in many obstacles, including conceptual biases, methodological oversights, and definitional dead ends. Current theories are reviewed and compared. The implications for contemporary diagnostic controversies, reevaluating research on treatment and prevention, and enhancing the predictive strength of traditionally weak indicators of recurrences and recurrent depression are discussed.
From the NIH: Used early after attack, hyaluronidase protects heart muscle from blood-deprivation destruction
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethnicity, disease severity, and survival in Canadian patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Surain B. Roberts, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Lawrence J. Worobetz, Catherine Vincent, Jennifer A. Flemming, Angela Cheung, Karim Qumosani, Mark Swain, Dusanka Grbic, Hin Hin Ko, Kevork Peltekian, Nazia Selzner, Lusine Abrahamyan, Bishoi Aziz, Ellina Lytvyak, Kattleya Tirona, Aliya F. Gulamhusein, Harry L. A. Janssen, Aldo J. Montano‐Loza, Andrew L. Mason, Bettina E. Hansen
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

We investigated associations between ethnicity, survival, and disease severity in a diverse Canadian cohort of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).Patients with PBC were included from the Canadian Network for Autoimmune Liver Disease. Ethnicity was defined using a modified list adopted from Statistics Canada, and ethnicities with small samples were grouped. Clinical events were defined as liver decompensation, HCC, liver transplantation, or death. Clinical event-free and liver transplantation-free survival were analyzed using Cox regression. Trajectories of serum liver function tests were assessed over time using mixed-effects regression. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short Form 36, the PBC-40 questionnaire, and the 5-D Itch scale and analyzed using mixed-effects regression. The cohort included 1538 patients with PBC from six sites and was comprised of 82% White, 4.7% Indigenous, 5.5% East Asian, 2.6% South Asian, and 5.1% miscellaneous ethnicities. Indigenous patients were the only ethnic group with impaired liver transplant-free and event-free survival compared to White patients (HR, 3.66; 95% CI, 2.23-6.01; HR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.94-4.92). Indigenous patients were more likely to have a clinical event before diagnosis (10%) than all other ethnic groups despite similar age at diagnosis. Indigenous patients presented with higher alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and GLOBE scores than White patients; and these relative elevations persisted during follow-up.Indigenous Canadians with PBC present with advanced disease and have worse long-term outcomes compared to White patients.
Erratum to: Functional implications of microbial and viral gut metagenome changes in early stage L-DOPA-naïve Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: J. R. Bedarf, F. Hildebrand, L. P. Coelho, S. Sunagawa, M. Bahram, F. Goeser, P. Bork, U. Wüllner
Journal: Genome Medicine (2017)
Tumor-specific T cells support chemokine-driven spatial organization of intratumoral immune microaggregates needed for long survival
Authors: Ziena Abdulrahman, Saskia J Santegoets, Gregor Sturm, Pornpimol Charoentong, Marieke E Ijsselsteijn, Antonios Somarakis, Thomas Höllt, Francesca Finotello, Zlatko Trajanoski, Sylvia L van Egmond, Dana A M Mustafa, Marij J P Welters, Noel F C C de Miranda, Sjoerd H van der Burg
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Background The composition of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) associated with good prognosis generally also predicts the success of immunotherapy, and both entail the presence of pre-existing tumor-specific T cells. Here, the blueprint of the TIME associated with such an ongoing tumor-specific T-cell response was dissected in a unique prospective oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) cohort, in which tumor-specific tumor-infiltrating T cells were detected (immune responsiveness (IR + )) or not (lack of immune responsiveness (IR − )). Methods A comprehensive multimodal, high-dimensional strategy was applied to dissect the TIME of treatment-naive IR + and IR − OPSCC tissue, including bulk RNA sequencing (NanoString), imaging mass cytometry (Hyperion) for phenotyping and spatial interaction analyses of immune cells, and combined single-cell gene expression profiling and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing (single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq)) to characterize the transcriptional states of clonally expanded tumor-infiltrating T cells. Results IR + patients had an excellent survival during &gt;10 years follow-up. The tumors of IR + patients expressed higher levels of genes strongly related to interferon gamma signaling, T-cell activation, TCR signaling, and mononuclear cell differentiation, as well as genes involved in several immune signaling pathways, than IR − patients. The top differently overexpressed genes included CXCL12 and LTB, involved in ectopic lymphoid structure development. Moreover, scRNAseq not only revealed that CD4 + T cells were the main producers of LTB but also identified a subset of clonally expanded CD8 + T cells, dominantly present in IR + tumors, which secreted the T cell and dendritic cell (DC) attracting chemokine CCL4. Indeed, immune cell infiltration in IR + tumors is stronger, highly coordinated, and has a distinct spatial phenotypical signature characterized by intratumoral microaggregates of CD8 + CD103 + and CD4 + T cells with DCs. In contrast, the IR − TIME comprised spatial interactions between lymphocytes and various immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations. The impact of these chemokines on local immunity and clinical outcome was confirmed in an independent The Cancer Genome Atlas OPSCC cohort. Conclusion The production of lymphoid cell attracting and organizing chemokines by tumor-specific T cells in IR + tumors constitutes a positive feedback loop to sustain the formation of the DC–T-cell microaggregates and identifies patients with excellent survival after standard therapy.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: M. STETLER-STEVENSON
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article BOOK REVIEW Get access Neoplastic Hematopathology Daniel M. Knowles , ed. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins , 1992 . 1623 pp., illus. $225. ISBN 0-683-04735-3 MARYALICE STETLER-STEVENSON, M.D., Ph.D. MARYALICE STETLER-STEVENSON, M.D., Ph.D. Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Instituties of HealthBldg. 10, Rm. 2N108, Bethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 6, 17 March 1993, Page 501, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.6.501 Published: 17 March 1993