tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Salvage radiotherapy guided by functional imaging for macroscopic local recurrence following radical prostatectomy: A multicentric retrospective study.
Authors: Nicolas Benziane-Ouaritini, Thomas Zilli, Antoine Giraud, Gianluca Ingrosso, Marco Di Staso, Fabio Trippa, Emmanuel Meyer, Giulio Francolini, Ulrike Schick, Jean Marc Cosset, Etienne Martin, Victoria Ferrari, Verane Achard, Nicolas Giraud, Corentin Pasquier, Nicolas Magné, David Pasquier, Stephane Supiot, Igor Latorzeff, Paul Sargos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

251 Background: For prostate cancer (Pca), salvage radiotherapy (sRT) with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is currently the only curative treatment option in case of post-radical prostatectomy (RP) biochemical relapse (BR). Functional imaging techniques have shown that macroscopic recurrence (MR) in the prostate bed (PB) are frequent. In this study, we aimed to assess efficacy and safety of sRT in patients with MR inside the PB proven by functional imaging. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted in 16 European centers. Patients were included if they displayed BR after RP for Pca, with MR only in the PB proven by functional imaging. All patients had to be eligible for sRT. The overall population was divided along 4 groups according to the delivered treatment: dose escalation on MR (A), dose escalation on PB (B), double dose escalation MR+PB (C), no dose escalation (D). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary outcomes included the metastasis-free survival (MFS), biochemical PFS (bPFS) and overall survival (OS). Grade ≥2 genito-urinary (GU) and gastro-intestinal (GI) acute and late toxicities were collected. Results: Between January 2000 and December 2019, 363 patients with isolated MR after RP for Pca were treated by sRT. The median pre-sRT PSA level was 0.63ng/mL (range, 0.2-23.6). At the time of BR, 266 (73%) patients presented MR in the PB proven by magnetic resonance imaging, and 110 (30%) by positron emission tomography. The median follow-up was 53.6 months (range, 47.52; 58.32). The 5-year PFS and MFS were 70% (95%CI [63.8-75.4]) and 83.7% (95%CI [78.4-87.8]), respectively. Grade ≥2 GU and GI late toxicities were found in 43 (12%) and 11 (3%) patients, respectively. A 5-year PFS benefit was highlighted for groups A, B and C (313 patients) when the MR dose was ≥72Gy: 72,8% (95%CI 64.6-79.4) versus 60.3% (95%CI 48,4-70,3), p = 0.03. Conclusions: In a modern series integrating functional imaging data, we confirmed that sRT is effective in the event of MR inside the PB, with an acceptable toxicity profile. Prospective data should further investigate the correlation between MR-targeted dose escalation and PFS.
Concentrations of apolipoprotein AI, AII, and E in plasma and lipoprotein fractions of alcoholic patients: Gender differences in the effects of alcohol*1
Authors: R LIN
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Previous studies have shown that plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the two major protein components of HDLs, i.e., apolipoproteins AI and AII, were elevated in male alcoholic patients without serious liver injury. By contrast, alcohol effect on apolipoprotein E remains unclear. Apolipoprotein E is a major component of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and a minor component of human high-density lipoprotein. It plays a critical role in lipoprotein metabolism through cellular lipoprotein receptors. Furthermore, previous works were carried out mostly with male subjects, whereas alcohol effects on serum apolipoproteins in female subjects have not yet been adequately addressed. In this study, we have raised antibodies specifically to recognize human apolipoprotein AI, All, and E, respectively, to quantify apolipoprotein concentrations in plasma and lipoprotein fractions of male and female alcoholic patients. We have also measured plasma apolipoprotein concentrations in patients who had abstained from alcohol while in the hospital. Our results showed the following: (1) plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein AI and All were significantly elevated yet plasma apolipoprotein E decreased (33%) significantly (P < .01) in male alcoholic patients; (2) apolipoprotein AI concentrations in female nondrinking control subjects were higher than in male controls, and the concentrations of apolipoprotein AI in female alcoholic patients were not significantly elevated over those of female controls; (3) similar to their male counterparts, female alcoholic patients exhibited higher plasma apolipoprotein All and lower apolipoprotein E; (4) changes in plasma apolipoproteins seen here were most likely attributable to a direct effect of alcohol but not a secondary effect of mild liver injury; (5) changes in plasma apo lipoprotein levels in alcoholic patients were reversible in 1 week after alcohol abstinence; and (6) the decrease of plasma apo E in alcoholic patients was indicated by the presence of apo E-deficient VLDL particles whereas the concentration of apo E in HDL particles of alcoholic patients remained unaffected.
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1946)

survey of the subject from the x-ray point of view.It is a pleasure to welcome Prof. Ross Golden's monograph and to pronounce it a work, from an authoritative pen, of first import- ance to radiologists and gastroenterologists.The author's survey of the subject is very complete.He begins with a general introduction describing the indications for a small intestine study, and the technique both of the small intestine meal and the small intestine enema.Then follows an account of the embryology, anatomy, and physiology of the jejunum and ileum; and in discussing the physiology an account is given of the chemical mediator theory of nerve transmission and its application to the movements of the small gut.The author then describes the x-ray appearances in the normal small intestine, including the appearances in the infant-a subject that has received too little attention in the past.In the section on obstructive and paralytic ileus there is a complete and informative account of the use of the Miller Abbott tube in diagnosis and treatment, which will be of great value to all who attempt this technique.One of the most important chapters is that on the x-ray picture of the intestine in disorders of nutrition: the physiological mechanism is dis- cussed, and the nonspecificity of the changes wisely emphasized.Diseases of the mesentery, allergy, inflammation, neoplasms, congenital abnormalities, the effects of drugs, and miscellaneous conditions are described in later chapters, and the book ends with a bibliography of 200 references.The print is readable, the book is free from padding, and the illustrations are*well chosen and reproduced.It is a mono- graph to be recommended to all who are interested in this comparatively unexplored region.They will find in it much of interest and help in their work.
Lectures on the Histology of the Eye
Authors: J. W. Hulke
Journal: BMJ (1870)

Gun-shot wounds should not be stitched; but, where sutures are required, silk, steeped in oily solution of carbolic acid, will answer sufficiently well.After the introduction of the last stitch, distend the wound once more with the watery solu- tion, by means of the syringe, and then continue the dressing, as in the text.
Guiding the global evolution of cytogenetic testing for hematologic malignancies
Authors: Yassmine M. N. Akkari, Linda B. Baughn, Adrian M. Dubuc, Adam C. Smith, Mar Mallo, Paola Dal Cin, Maria Diez Campelo, Marta S. Gallego, Isabel Granada Font, Detlef T. Haase, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Irma Slavutsky, Cristina Mecucci, Ross L. Levine, Robert P. Hasserjian, Francesc Solé, Brynn Levy, Xinjie Xu
Journal: Blood (2022)

Cytogenetics has long represented a critical component in the clinical evaluation of hematologic malignancies. Chromosome banding studies provide a simultaneous snapshot of genome-wide copy number and structural variation, which have been shown to drive tumorigenesis, define diseases, and guide treatment. Technological innovations in sequencing have ushered in our present-day clinical genomics era. With recent publications highlighting novel sequencing technologies as alternatives to conventional cytogenetic approaches, we, an international consortium of laboratory geneticists, pathologists, and oncologists, describe herein the advantages and limitations of both conventional chromosome banding and novel sequencing technologies and share our considerations on crucial next steps to implement these novel technologies in the global clinical setting for a more accurate cytogenetic evaluation, which may provide improved diagnosis and treatment management. Considering the clinical, logistic, technical, and financial implications, we provide points to consider for the global evolution of cytogenetic testing.
<i>Announcement</i>: Sudden Death in the Young Case Registry
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Surveillance Report (http:// www.cdc.gov/std/stats14/surv-2014-print.pdf ), cases of three nationally notifiable STDs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis) have increased for the first time since 2006.With approximately 1.4 million reported cases of chlamydia and a rate of 456.1 cases per 100,000 population, the rate of reported cases has increased 2.8 percent since 2013.Rates of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis, the most infectious stages of syphilis, and gonorrhea, have both increased since 2013, by 15.1 percent and 5.1 percent, respectively.In 2014, there were 350,062 reported cases of gonorrhea (a rate of 110.7 per 100,000) and 19,999 reported cases of P&S syphilis (for a rate of 6.3 per 100,000).STDs continue to affect young people, particularly women, most severely, but increasing rates among men, especially among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, contributed to the overall increases in 2014 for all three diseases.April 2016 is CDC's annual STD Awareness Month, and the prevention theme for this year's campaign is Talk Test Treat.Individuals should begin a program of STD prevention by talking openly and honestly with their sexual partners and health care providers about their sexual history.Sexually transmitted infections might be asymptomatic; among sexually active persons, getting tested is one of the most important things they can do to protect their health.Health care providers can help their patients decide which tests are the most appropriate for them.Patients who test positive for an STD should work with their doctor to get the correct treatment, and ensure that the treatment works.Learning resources for patients, clinicians, and community members about STDs are available from CDC at http://www.cdc.gov/std/sam.
Ligand-mediated PAI-1 inhibition in a mouse model of peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Josephine Hendrikson, Ying Liu, Wai Har Ng, Jing Yi Lee, Abner Herbert Lim, Jui Wan Loh, Cedric C.Y. Ng, Whee Sze Ong, Joey Wee-Shan Tan, Qiu Xuan Tan, Gillian Ng, Nicholas B. Shannon, Weng Khong Lim, Tony K.H. Lim, Clarinda Chua, Jolene Si Min Wong, Grace Hwei Ching Tan, Jimmy Bok Yan So, Khay Guan Yeoh, Bin Tean Teh, Claramae Shulyn Chia, Khee Chee Soo, Oi Lian Kon, Iain Beehuat Tan, Jason Yongsheng Chan, Melissa Ching Ching Teo, Chin-Ann J. Ong
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) present a ubiquitous clinical conundrum in all intra-abdominal malignancies. Via functional and transcriptomic experiments of ascites-treated PC cells, we identify STAT3 as a key signaling pathway. Integrative analysis of publicly available databases and correlation with clinical cohorts (n = 7,359) reveal putative clinically significant activating ligands of STAT3 signaling. We further validate a 3-biomarker prognostic panel in ascites independent of clinical covariates in a prospective study (n = 149). Via single-cell sequencing experiments, we uncover that PAI-1, a key component of the prognostic biomarker panel, is largely secreted by fibroblasts and mesothelial cells. Molecular stratification of ascites using PAI-1 levels and STAT3 activation in ascites-treated cells highlight a therapeutic opportunity based on a phenomenon of paracrine addiction. These results are recapitulated in patient-derived ascites-dependent xenografts. Here, we demonstrate therapeutic proof of concept of direct ligand inhibition of a prognostic target within an enclosed biological space.
Dyslexia.
Authors: W Yule
Journal: BMJ (1988)

additional reward.But paying midwives more will not be enough.Staff establishments need to be increased, especially in the community, where early discharges of mothers and babies from hospital have increased the workload.The job satisfaction of midwives will be increased if the continuity of care desired by women'8 is helped by increasing the proportion of antenatal care provided in the community.This is safe, acceptable to women, and may be the best way to improve the low rates of breast feeding. 19-23 A new study of health statistics in the European Community has shown that during 1974-8 Britain had a much lower maternal mortality than France or Germany despite lower health expenditure.24This cannot be maintained with- out adequate resources and staff.Harriet Harman is right to call for the maternity services committee to be reconvened to address the crisis.
Prognostic value of HER2 expression levels for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Authors: Siming Li, Xiaowen Wu, Xieqiao Yan, Li Zhou, Huayan Xu, Juan Li, Yiqiang Liu, Bixia Tang, Zhihong Chi, Lu Si, Jun Guo, Xinan Sheng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

557 Background: HER2 expression is an adverse prognostic factor of bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBC) while the prognostic value of HER2 expression in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remains to be explored. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of different HER2 expression and gene amplification levels in UTUC. Methods: The baseline clinicopathological data of 130 patients with UTUC were reviewed. The expression level of HER2 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining ( Anti-Her2/neu, Cat.4B5, Ventana ) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue of patients. The HER2 gene amplification level was detected by second-generation sequencing (NGS) (HER2 gene copy number [CN]) or Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) from FFPE tumor tissue of patients. HER2 negative was defined as IHC 0. HER2 low expression was defined as IHC 2+ but CN- or FISH-, while HER2 overexpression included IHC 3+, and IHC 2+ but CN+ or FISH+. The correlation between HER2 expression levels or other clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to analyze the independent prognostic factors of UTUC. Results: All the 130 patients provided FFPE tumor slides for the IHC detection of the HER2 expression levels including: IHC 0 (n = 47), IHC 1+ (n = 28), IHC 2+ (n = 41) and IHC 3+ (n = 14), the median OS were 27.5 months, 48.7 months, 67.3 months, and not reached, respectively, with significantly difference ( P = 0.014). Among the 41 patients with HER2 IHC 2+, 15 patients received the detection of the HER2 gene amplification level by NGS or FISH while the other 26 patients whose HER2 gene amplification levels were unknown were excluded from the analysis. The patients of HER2 negative, low expression, and overexpression had a median OS of 27.5 months, 58.0 months, and 60.0 months, respectively, but the difference was not significant ( P = 0.184). Cox proportional-hazards model also verified that the HER2 IHC expression is an independent prognostic factor on the survival, while the prognostic value of the HER2 gene amplification levels was not found. Conclusions: HER2 IHC expression is an independent factor for the prognosis of patients with UTUC. However, HER2 gene amplification levels have no impact on the prognosis of UTUC patients. HER2 expression especially the HER2 gene amplification level in UTUC needs to be explored further.
Dr John G P Williams, born 15 September 1932, died 18 July 1995: a pioneer of British sports medicine and soft tissue injury.
Authors: John Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1995)

A pioneer of British sports medicine and soft tissue injury Sports medicine and rehabilitation medicine have lost one of their true pioneers with the untimely death of John Williams from cancer.Typically he kept very quiet about his terminal illness, not wanting it publicised, and bravely working right until the end.John had had an operation for cancer in March 1993, but already had metastases.Chemotherapy and un- certainty followed but he bravely battled on with a heavy load of consultations, operations, lectures and publications, operating until a month before he died and seeing patients as late as a week before at Bon Secours Hospital in Buckinghamshire.Mercifully when the end came, it was fairly quick.His colleagues receiving letters and referrals from him had no idea how ill he was.He gave a lecture in February at the National Sports Medicine Institute which he began by asking the audience in slightly combative style what was the major problem affecting the Achilles tendon.'It's the people who treat it', he said, and went on to explain that although it was a major interest of his, he did not claim to know how to treat all its problems, whereas many 'experts' -through ignorance -did.
The Interplay of Environmental Exposures and Mental Health: Setting an Agenda
Authors: Aaron Reuben, Erika M. Manczak, Laura Y. Cabrera, Margarita Alegria, Meghan L. Bucher, Emily C. Freeman, Gary W. Miller, Gina M. Solomon, Melissa J. Perry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2022)

Background: To date, health-effects research on environmental stressors has rarely focused on behavioral and mental health outcomes. That lack of research is beginning to change. Science and policy experts in the environmental and behavioral health sciences are coming together to explore converging evidence on the relationship—harmful or beneficial—between environmental factors and mental health. Objectives: To organize evidence and catalyze new findings, the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) hosted a workshop 2–3 February 2021 on the interplay of environmental exposures and mental health outcomes. Methods: This commentary provides a nonsystematic, expert-guided conceptual review and interdisciplinary perspective on the convergence of environmental and mental health, drawing from hypotheses, findings, and research gaps presented and discussed at the workshop. Featured is an overview of what is known about the intersection of the environment and mental health, focusing on the effects of neurotoxic pollutants, threats related to climate change, and the importance of health promoting environments, such as urban green spaces. Discussion: We describe what can be gained by bridging environmental and psychological research disciplines and present a synthesis of what is needed to advance interdisciplinary investigations. We also consider the implications of the current evidence for a) foundational knowledge of the etiology of mental health and illness, b) toxicant policy and regulation, c) definitions of climate adaptation and community resilience, d) interventions targeting marginalized communities, and e) the future of research training and funding. We include a call to action for environmental and mental health researchers, focusing on the environmental contributions to mental health to unlock primary prevention strategies at the population level and open equitable paths for preventing mental disorders and achieving optimal mental health for all. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9889
Tuning the Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Balance of Molecular Polymer Bottlebrushes Enhances their Tumor Homing Properties
Authors: Parathan Ramamurthi, Zhongchao Zhao, Eamonn Burke, Nicole F. Steinmetz, Markus Müllner
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems are promising in anticancer therapy, capable of delivering cargo with superior selectivity and achieving enhanced tumor accumulation compared to small-molecule therapeutics. As more efforts are being devoted to NP development, molecular polymer bottlebrushes (MPBs) have gained attention as a potential drug delivery vehicle. To date, the influence of various MPB parameters such as size, shape, and surface charge in determining tumor penetrability have been systematically probed. However, the role of amphiphilicity, specifically the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance, remains unexplored. In this study, a series of MPBs are employed with varied hydrophobicity levels to reveal a dependence between MPB composition, cell association, and tumor homing. The data indicates that increasing levels of hydrophobicity in MPBs (to a certain level) demonstrate only marginal effects in vitro but reveals enhanced tumor homing in a mouse model of ovarian cancer in vivo, where more hydrophilic MPBs exhibit low tissue deposition and low tumor homing. In contrast, more hydrophobic MPBs show significant tumor accumulation and homing due to their engineered hydrophobicity.
Mark Akenside
Authors: J. Charles
Journal: BMJ (1957)

For the readers of The Gentleman's Magazine its editor, " Sylvanus Urban, Gent," had prepared a varied bill of fare in the April number of 1737.Among the literary attractions were a tale from the Arabian Nights, an article recording "Observations upon the effects of Tea," a scheme for the benefit of the Counties, " by keeping the gentry there for 14 years and no parliament during that time," and a short note on " Why handsome women often marry ordinary men."There were also discussions on legislative projects-one, cautionary, against the placing of a new duty on sweets; another, speculative, suggesting that there should be an Act of Parliament to prohibit the drinking of any liquor made by fermenta- tion or infusion.In the closely printed poetical section of the magazine (p.244) the reader would have found an ingenuous pre- face to some verses entitled "The Virtuoso; in imita- tion of Spenser's style and stanza."It read as follows "Newcastle upon Tyne.April 23rd.I hope, Sir, you'll excuse the following poem (being the perform- ance of one in his sixteenth year) and insert it in your next magazine, which will oblige, Yours, etc., Marcus."Of the verses themselves two stanzas perhaps will serve to show the mastery of the Spenserian metre and the pert imagination of the youthful poet:" Whilom by silver Thames's gentle stream,In London town there dwelt a subtile wight; A wight of mickle wealth, and mickle fame, Book-learn'd and quaint; a Virtuoso hight.Uncommon things, and rare, were his delight:From musings deep his brain ne'er gotten ease, Nor ceasen he from study, day or night; Until (advancing outward by degrees) He knew whatever breeds on earth, or air, or seas." He many a creature did anatomize, Almost unpeopling water, air, and land; Beasts, fishes, birds, snails, caterpillars, flies, Were laid full low by his relentless hand, That oft with gory crimson was distain'd:He many a dog destroy'd, and many a cat; Of fleas his bed, of frogs the marshes drain'd, Could tellen if a mite were lean or fat, And read a lecture o'er the entrails of a gnat."Within three months there appeared in The Gentle- man's Magazine two other pieces, " Ambition and Con-