tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activation of ectopic olfactory receptor 544 induces GLP-1 secretion and regulates gut inflammation
Authors: Chunyan Wu, Mi-Young Jeong, Jung Yeon Kim, Giljae Lee, Ji-Sun Kim, Yu Eun Cheong, Hyena Kang, Chung Hwan Cho, Jimin Kim, Min Kyung Park, You Kyoung Shin, Kyoung Heon Kim, Geun Hee Seol, Seung Hoi Koo, GwangPyo Ko, Sung-Joon Lee
Journal: Gut Microbes (2021)

Olfactory receptors are ectopically expressed in extra-nasal tissues. The gut is constantly exposed to high levels of odorants where ectopic olfactory receptors may play critical roles. Activation of ectopic olfactory receptor 544 (Olfr544) by azelaic acid (AzA), an Olfr544 ligand, reduces adiposity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by regulating fuel preference to fats. Herein, we investigated the novel function of Olfr544 in the gut. In GLUTag cells, AzA induces the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling axis and increases the secretion of GLP-1, an enteroendocrine hormone with anti-obesity effects. In wild-type (WT) mice injected AzA, GLP-1 plasma levels were elevated. The induction of GLP-1 secretion was negated in cells with Olfr544 gene knockdown and in Olfr544-deficient mice. Gut microbiome analysis revealed that AzA increased the levels of Bacteroides acidifaciens and microbiota associated with antioxidant pathways. In fecal metabolomics analysis, the levels of succinate and trehalose, metabolites correlated with a lean phenotype, were elevated by AzA. The function of Olfr544 in gut inflammation, a key feature in obesity, was further investigated. In RNA sequencing analysis, AzA suppressed LPS-induced activation of inflammatory pathways and reduced TNF-α and IL-6 expression, thereby improving intestinal permeability. The effects of AzA on the gut metabolome, microbiome, and colon inflammation were abrogated in Olfr544-KO mice. These results collectively demonstrated that activation of Olfr544 by AzA in the gut exerts multiple effects by regulating GLP-1 secretion, gut microbiome and metabolites, and colonic inflammation in anti-obesogenic phenotypes and, thus, may be applied for obesity therapeutics.
Abstract 16563: Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation in Anterior versus Inferior ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Amgad Mentias, Mohammad Qasim Raza, Amr F Barakat, Amar Krishnaswamy, Milind Y Desai, Brian P Griffin, Stephen Ellis, Venu Menon, E. Murat Tuzcu, Samir R Kapadia
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Acute ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) is a detrimental complication of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We studied a) patient characteristics in acute ischemic MR in anterior versus inferior STEMI and b) its impact on outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively studied all patients presenting with STEMI complicated by acute ischemic MR to our center from 1994-2014. Patients were divided into two groups: anterior and inferior STEMI. Endpoints were 30-day and 1-year mortality. All cases with new development of &gt; 2+ MR on baseline echo within 3 days of index MI were analyzed. Results: Out of 4005 STEMI patients, there were 221 patients (52.5% males) with acute MR at an incidence of 5.5% [74/1666 (4.4%) in anterior vs 147/2306 (6.4%) in inferior STEMI, p=0.02]. At baseline, there were no significant differences between anterior vs. inferior STEMI in age, co-morbidities or degree of MR (Table). Mean ejection fraction (EF) was 31±14 vs 45±13% (p&lt;0.01). Median length of hospital stay was 6 vs 4 days (p&lt;0.01). Overall 30-day mortality was 20 with anterior vs 10% (p=0.03) with inferior while 1-year mortality was 43 vs 24% (p&lt;0.01) respectively. Overall 30-day mortality in 2+, 3+ and 4+ MR was 9, 19 and 29% while 1-year mortality was 23, 39 and 41% (p&lt;0.01). Factors associated with 1-year mortality were older age (Hazards Ratio or (HR) 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.9, p&lt;0.01), EF (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.97, p&lt;0.01), higher degree of MR (HR 4.6, 95% CI 1.6-11.7, p&lt;0.01), DM (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4-3.9, p&lt;0.01), shock on presentation (HR 2.3, 9% CI 1.3-4, p&lt;0.01) and blood transfusion (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5-4, p&lt;0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival curves for both groups and across grades of MR are shown in figure 1a and b. Conclusion: Acute ischemic MR is seen more commonly with inferior yet has worse outcomes in anterior STEMI with increased short and long term mortality. Further, old age, low EF, higher degree of MR, shock on presentation, and need for blood transfusion are associated with worse outcomes.
Differential cerebrovascular risks in glioblastoma and meningioma patients: a population-based matched cohort study in Wales (United Kingdom)
Authors: Michael T C Poon, Kai Jin, Paul M Brennan, Jonine Figueroa, Cathie Sudlow
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract Aims There is limited evidence on cerebrovascular risks in glioblastoma and meningioma patients. We aimed to compare cerebrovascular risks of these patients with the general population. Method We used population-based routine healthcare and administrative data linkage in this matched cohort study. Cases were adult glioblastoma and meningioma patients diagnosed in Wales 2000-2014 identified in the cancer registry. Controls from cancer-free general population were matched to cases (5:1 ratio) on age (±5 years), sex and GP practice. Factors included in multivariable models were age, sex, index of multiple deprivation, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, history of cardiovascular disease, and medications for cardiovascular diseases. Outcomes were fatal and non-fatal haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke. We used flexible parametric models adjusting for confounders to calculate the hazard ratios (HR). Results Final analytic population was 16,921 participants, of which 1,340 had glioblastoma and 1,498 had meningioma. The median follow-up time was 0.5 year for glioblastoma patients, 4.9 years for meningioma patients, and 6.6 years for controls. The number of haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke was 154 and 374 in the glioblastoma matched cohort, respectively, and 180 and 569 in the meningioma matched cohort, respectively. The adjusted HRs for haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke were 3.74 (95%CI 1.87-6.57) and 5.62 (95%CI 2.56-10.42) in glioblastoma patients, respectively, and were 2.42 (95%CI 1.58-3.52) and 1.86 (95%CI 1.54-2.23) in meningioma patients compared with their controls. Conclusion Glioblastoma and meningioma patients had higher cerebrovascular risks; these risks were even higher for glioblastoma patients. Further assessment of these potentially modifiable risks may improve survivorship.
PL02.09 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Study of the Impacts of COVID-19 on International Lung Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: M. Smeltzer, P.A. Bunn, R. Clark, R. Arndt, C. Pruett, U. Roy, F. Hirsch, T. Mitsudomi, H. Wakelee, G. Scagliotti
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Trust boosts staff numbers and satisfaction after overhauling rota system
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

An NHS trust has been able to hire 18 more doctors and improve scheduling for its trainees by carrying out a huge redesign of its rota system—going from siloed spreadsheets to a cross-functional e-rostering system.

The project team at Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust—made up of junior doctors and administrative staff—were frustrated with the previous system which involved each department having its own spreadsheet, with no ability to see doctors’ availability, why there might be a gap in the rota, or what changes had been made.

Daniel Smith, a respiratory specialist registrar and member of the rota redevelopment team, told The BMJ , “You had no understanding of how many junior doctors you had at each time of the day. If there was a gap, you couldn’t understand why because there was no history behind it, no auditing available. And the ‘on call’ rota was only for the on-calls, so it didn’t tell you what all the other junior doctors were doing when they were not on call. We had …
AML with germline DDX41 variants is a clinicopathologically distinct entity with an indolent clinical course and favorable outcome
Authors: Peng Li, Thomas White, Wei Xie, Wei Cui, Deniz Peker, Gang Zeng, Huan-You Wang, Jennie Vagher, Sara Brown, Margaret Williams, Tibor Kovacsovics, Jay L. Patel
Journal: Leukemia (2021)
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Authors: Julia C. Dombrowski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Gonorrhea and chlamydia rates have risen to record-high levels in the United States over the past decade. Because these infections are often asymptomatic, effective clinical management relies on screening of asymptomatic patients, particularly women younger than 25 years and men who have sex with men. If undetected and untreated, gonorrhea and chlamydia can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain and can facilitate HIV acquisition and transmission. Primary care providers need to be aware of recent changes in recommended treatments for both infections.
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Stanford Wessler, Louis A. Avioli
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Ione Kourides, Intern in Medicine, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis: A 52-year-old white married woman was first hospitalized in 1964 because of pain in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, fatigue, and pruritus. Examination revealed jaundice, hepatomegaly, and a palpable adnexal mass on the left side. Significant laboratory test results included the following: total serum bilirubin, 2.7 mg/100 cc: direct bilirubin, 1.4 mg/ 100 cc; alkaline phosphatase, 25 Bodansky units; serum cholesterol, 384 mg/100 cc; phospholipids, 545 mg/100 cc. The prothrombin time was normal. A liver scan demonstrated multiple small filling defects. At laparotomy a chronic inflammatory pelvic process with omental adhesions circumscribing the left oviduct was found. No neoplastic tissue was identified and findings from exploration of the gallbladder and bile duct were unremarkable. A liver biopsy however was histologically consistent with biliary cirrhosis. In 1966, the patient was readmitted to the hospital because of severe pain
NICE approves monoclonal antibody dupilumab for severe asthma
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has approved the monoclonal antibody dupilumab for patients with severe asthma who do not respond to conventional treatments.1 Asthma charities say the drug could be a game changer but only if patients are able to access it.

Dupilumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody that inhibits interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signalling, thus reducing inflammation. In clinical trials it has been shown to reduce the frequency of asthma attacks and the use of emergency steroid tablets by almost half when combined with standard inhaler …
From corpora amylacea to wasteosomes: History and perspectives
Authors: Marta Riba, Jaume del Valle, Elisabet Augé, Jordi Vilaplana, Carme Pelegrí
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2021)

Corpora amylacea (CA) have been described in several human organs and have been associated with ageing and several pathological conditions. Although they were first discovered two centuries ago, their function and significance have not yet been identified. Here, we provide a chronological summary of the findings on CA in various organs and identify their similarities. After collecting and integrating these findings, we propose to consider CA as waste containers created by specific cells, which sequester waste products and foreign products, and assemble them within a glycan structure. The containers are then secreted into the external medium or interstitial spaces, in this latter case subsequently being phagocytosed by macrophages. This proposal explains, among others, why CA are so varied in content, why only some of them contain fibrillary amyloid proteins, why all of them contain glycan structures, why some of them contain neo-epitopes and are phagocytosed, and why they can be intracellular or extracellular structures. Lastly, in order to avoid the ambiguity of the term amyloid (which can indicate starch-like structures but also insoluble fibrillary proteins), we propose renaming CA as "wasteosomes", emphasising the waste products they entrap rather than their misleading amyloid properties.
MA03.03 NBTXR3 Activated by SBRT Combined with Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Cancers: Phase I Trial
Authors: C. Shen, J. Frakes, J. Niu, A. Rosenberg, J. Weiss, J. Caudell, K. Jameson, P. Said, T. Seiwert
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Oxytocin for Autism Spectrum Disorder — Down, but Not Out
Authors: Daniel H. Geschwind
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2021)

Autism spectrum disorder, a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in infancy, is characterized by deficits in social functioning and by repetitive–restrictive behaviors, such as repeated body movements, circumscribed interests, or resistance to change in routines. Pharmacologic interventions are limited to the treatment of symptoms, which does not target social deficits. Although behavioral treatments have been effective in improving social and educational outcomes in some persons with autism spectrum disorder, there remains a need for the development of drugs that improve social functioning. The potential of the neuropeptide oxytocin as a "pro-social" hormone has gained attention for the treatment of autism . . .
Preparing for an influenza season 2021/22 with a likely co-circulation of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Amparo Larrauri, Katarina Prosenc Trilar
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2021)

Preview this article: Preparing for an influenza season 2021/22 with a likely co-circulation of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/26/41/eurosurv-26-41-1-1.gif
Abstract 206: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Process Measures Associated With Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Non-Shockable Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Jose M Juarez, Allison C Koller, Robert H Schmicker, Seo Young Park, David D Salcido, James J Menegazzi
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Purpose: Survival rates after non-shockable out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remain low despite advances in resuscitation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) process measures may inform treatment strategies. We hypothesized that CPR process measures would be associated with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and patient electrocardiogram (ECG) transitions. Methods: We obtained defibrillator monitor data for emergency medical service (EMS)-treated non-shockable OHCA from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC), an OHCA research network (U.S./Canada). We extracted ECG data from EMS defibrillator files and parsed cases into compression-free analyzable segments using custom MATLAB software. Two data abstractors classified segment rhythms as PEA, asystole, ventricular fibrillation (VF), pulseless ventricular tachycardia (PVT), or ROSC. We calculated CPR process measures (average rate, depth, duration, leaning proportion, chest compression fraction, and duty cycle) for CPR bouts preceding every ECG segment. We used mixed effects models controlling for subject to test associations between individual CPR process measures and the bout-level outcomes ROSC and shockable rhythm. Results: We analyzed 1893 cases consisting of 7981 CPR bouts. Case initial rhythms were asystole (68.2%), PEA (24.9%), or NSA-AED (6.9%). Segment rhythm classifications were asystole (78.1%), PEA (20.4%), ROSC (5.5%), VF (1.4%), and PVT (0.07%). Regression model results are shown in Table 1. Chest compression fraction was most strongly associated with ROSC and shockable rhythm. Depth was also associated with shockable rhythm. Leaning proportion and duty cycle were not associated with either outcome. Conclusions: In cases of non-shockable OHCA, CPR quality measures were associated with ROSC and transition to a shockable rhythm at the bout level.
Combined treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates
Authors: Shijie Shang, Jie Liu, Vivek Verma, Meng Wu, James Welsh, Jinming Yu, Dawei Chen
Journal: Cancer Communications (2021)

Abstract The efficacy of immunotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unsatisfactory, as the majority of patients either do not experience an objective response or acquire secondary resistance. As a result, several methods to enhance the systemic efficacy of immunotherapy have been investigated, including a large area of active research by combining immunotherapy with radiation therapy (RT). Given the rapidly burgeoning concept of combining immunotherapy and RT for increasing therapeutic benefit, we review the progress in this field thus far and explore further avenues for enhancing this combination. This review commences with a discussion of the only two existing randomized trials (and a pooled analysis) showing that the addition of RT to immunotherapy improves the abscopal response rate, progression‐free survival, and overall survival in metastatic NSCLC patients. We then discussed factors and biomarkers that may be associated with a proportionally greater benefit to additional RT, such as low programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD‐L1) status, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and patient's immune function. Next, the implementation of RT to overcome immunotherapy resistance is discussed, including a mechanistic discussion and methods with which these mechanisms could be exploited. Lastly, the emerging role of low‐dose RT is discussed, which may help to overcome inhibitory signals in the tumor stroma that limit T‐cell infiltration. Taken together, given the current state of this rapidly expanding realm, these futuristic strategies may be reflected upon to further enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for a wider group of patients.
Children's Bronchiectasis Education Advocacy and Research Network (Child-BEAR-Net): an ERS Clinical Research Collaboration on improving outcomes of children and adolescents with bronchiectasis
Authors: Anne B. Chang, Jeanette Boyd, Andrew Bush, Keith Grimwood, Adam T. Hill, Zena Powell, Stephanie Yerkovich, Angela Zacharasiewicz, Ahmad Kantar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>A newly funded ERS Clinical Research Collaboration network (Child-BEAR-Net) will create vital infrastructure to progress education, advocacy and research collaboration in paediatric bronchiectasis</b>https://bit.ly/3ku2Xbx
Clare Gerada: Leadership has no magic formula
Authors: Clare Gerada
Journal: BMJ (2021)

I will soon become president of the Royal College of General Practitioners, only the second woman in its history to hold both the chairmanship (setting strategic direction) and the presidency (an ambassadorial role). When I qualified nearly 40 years ago, I no more expected to become president of a royal college than to become Queen of England.

From childhood, all I wanted was to be a doctor. I had no real sense of what this meant in terms of a career beyond the actual caring for patients. I certainly never planned to be a “leader.” If you’d asked the younger me, I’m not sure I’d have known …
OA11.04 Impact of Local Control on Cause-Specific Survival After SBRT for Early-Stage NSCLC: Dynamic Prediction With Landmarking
Authors: K. Ueki, Y. Matsuo, A. Takeda, S. Morita, N. Kishi, H. Hanazawa, Y. Tsurugai, T. Mizowaki
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
FP01.03 Prevalence, Treatment Patterns and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Patients with EGFR Positive Resected Stage IB-IIIA NSCLC
Authors: S. Schmid, M. Garcia, K. Hueniken, K. Balaratnam, D. Patel, L. Zhan, M.C. Brown, A. Sacher, P. Bradbury, N. Leighl, F.A. Shepherd, G. Liu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Continuous Infusion of Hypertonic Saline vs Standard Care and 6-Month Neurological Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury—Reply
Authors: Antoine Roquilly, Karim Asehnoune
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rest and Blessing
Authors: Sydney Lea
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Corrigendum to: A mouse model of cardiogenic shock
Authors: Yong Wang, Felix Polten, Felix Jäckle, Mortimer Korf-Klingebiel, Tibor Kempf, Johann Bauersachs, Sandra Freitag-Wolf, Ralf Lichtinghagen, Andreas Pich, Kai C Wollert
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)
OA13.01 S1619 A Trial of Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-Pemetrexed With Atezolizumab in Combination and Maintenance for Resectable Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: A. Tsao, L. Qian, J. Cetnar, B. Sepesi, D. Gomez, J. Wrangle, G. Simon, F. Mott, R. Hall, R. Santana-Davila, M. Koczywas, M. Redman, K. Kelly
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
55P Clinical landscape of LAG-3-targeted therapy
Authors: L. Chocarro, E. Blanco, H. Arasanz, A. Bocanegra, L. Fernández-Rubio, M. Echaide, M. Garnica, P. Ramos, G. Fernández-Hinojal, R. Vera, G. Kochan, D. Escors
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)