tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identifying Dilated Cardiomyopathy Through Family-Based Screening
Authors: Krishna G. Aragam
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Analysis of Registered Clinical Trials in Surgical Oncology, 2008-2020
Authors: Bonnie O. Wong, Nirosha D. Perera, Jolie Z. Shen, Brandon E. Turner, Henry K. Litt, Amit Mahipal, Sherry M. Wren
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

This quality improvement study characterizes surgical oncology trials, analyzes growth, identifies associations with early discontinuation or results reporting, and evaluates proportions of trials involving each neoplasm site.
SYPHILIS AND INSANITY. A Correction
Journal: BMJ (1905)

SYPHILIS AND INSANITY.I [ 317 ,with the palms facing outwards.Begin again and repeat half -a dozpn times.4. Keep the arms down, the palms touching the sides, ,slowly turn the palms outwards as far as they will go, and -slowly bring them back to the sides.This may be done six -or eight times.This exercise, apparently so simple, expands the chest and presses together the shoulder blades.The report2 of the Interdepartmental Committee on the -model couree of physical exercises presented to Parliament 'tast 'year fully recognized the importance of breathing exercises, and the following passages from the syallabud drawn up by the Committee may be quoted:'The object of such exercises is the healthy functioning of the lungs, mnot merely increase of chest capacity.The vital measurement is not that of chest capacity simply, but of the difference between the full and 'the empty chest.Hence breathing exercises-which may, however, be conjoined with the exercises of the upper limbs already referred to--are the more important, and the power of emptying the chest should be -cultivated.The breathing exercises as mere imitative movements may be begun on the child's first admission to school, the formation of habits of -correct nasal breathing being a matter of as great importance as any -other,department of infant school work.
Awards, Appointments, Announcements
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Awards, Appointments, Announcements Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 12, 21 June 1989, Pages 897–899, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.12.897-a Published: 21 June 1989
In This Issue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Tackling tumor-associated macrophagesAs tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can promote tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, Luo and colleagues have designed a cancer vaccine to specifically target these cells (pages 2132-2141).TAMs, but not tumor cells or other macrophage populations, were found to express high levels of the asparaginyl endopeptidase legumain, so the authors generated a DNA vaccine encoding legumain.When administered to mice, this vaccine inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models of breast, colon, and non-small cell lung cancer.These effects were associated with a legumain-specific cytotoxic CD8 + T cell response that targeted TAMs in the tumor tissue.Consistent with the marked decrease in the number of TAMs in the tumor tissue of vaccinated mice, tumors contained decreased amounts of the tumor cell growth factor TNF and the proangiogenic factor VEGF.As a result, tumor cell migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis were markedly inhibited.The authors suggest that this demonstration that targeting TAMs can suppress tumor growth and metastasis could lead to the development of new therapies for cancer.
Semaglutide once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes in an east Asian population (STEP 6): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3a trial
Authors: Takashi Kadowaki, Joakim Isendahl, Usman Khalid, Sang Yeoup Lee, Tomoyuki Nishida, Wataru Ogawa, Kazuyuki Tobe, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Soo Lim
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2022)
Syphilitic Affections of the Nervous System: An Abstract of the Lettsomion Lectures delivered before the Medical Society of London
Authors: J. S. Bristowe
Journal: BMJ (1893)

reviously.One lobe was attacled by a silkworm gut stitch to anterior ieft abdominoal wall; the other placed free in the right side of the abdominal cavity.The incision was mnade in t-ie linea alba; no vessels required tylng.Silkworm gut and hnrsehair sutures were used.Wound healed by first intention.The anterior abdominal wall was noted during operation to be very thi n.The lamI was, unfortunately.killed by the ether.No symptoms of peritoneal irritation, and no abdominal disteDsion occurredI after introduction of the glands.At that tilmLe, however, several children in the wards suflered from dysenteric diarrhiiea.The patient had a rather severe attack, commencing four days after the operation, and lasting three weeks.During it his temperature ranred between 980 and 1020.This dysentery reduced him considerably, and has somewhat com- plicated his progress, but since the end of Juine he has been improving.The attack may, of course, have been dtue to peritoneal irritation, but there were no signs of suich, and niot the least tenderness.The gland attached to the anterior abdominal wall could be felt with great clear- ness for more than two months; latterly it became less distinct, but recognisable.The unattached gland could also he clearly felt for some weeks; only a faint Indication of its presence can now be detected.
Mono and Biallergenic-Dendrimer Based Silica Particle for Specific IgE Determination to Betalactams
Authors: Maria Vega, Violeta Gil-Ocaña, Isabel Jiménez-Sanchez, Cristobalina Mayorga, Inmaculada Doña, Jose Cespedes, Yolanda Vida, Ezequiel Pérez-Inestrosa, Maria Torres JaÃ©n
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Characteristics of Clinical Trials Evaluating Biosimilars in the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Doni Bloomfield, Elvira D’Andrea, Sarosh Nagar, Aaron Kesselheim
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Biologics account for almost half of US drug spending but may be subject to competitive pricing pressures by US Food and Drug Administration–approved biosimilars. The extent of the preapproval clinical testing that is needed and how these biosimilars compare with the originator biologic products remain critical issues in establishing a vibrant biosimilar market. <h3>Objectives</h3> To analyze the design of cancer biosimilar efficacy studies compared with the reference drug pivotal trials and provide summary risk ratio estimates for each cancer type drug subgroup. <h3>Data Sources</h3> A systematic search was performed of articles and abstracts published using Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated April 18, 2021. <h3>Study Selection</h3> All studies or abstracts in English comparing a disease-modifying cancer biologic and its biosimilar and reporting efficacy or surrogate efficacy results were included. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Outcome estimates and study characteristics were extracted from each study. Among biosimilar efficacy studies, random-effects meta-analyses were performed for each cancer type molecule outcome subgroup, calculating pooled relative estimates and 95% CIs. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Study characteristics, such as population size, blinding, and randomization, were compared between biosimilar trials and those of reference drugs. Risk ratio estimates for relative change to surrogate measures (eg, progression-free survival) were collected for biosimilars and their reference products. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 31 cancer biosimilar studies of 3 reference products involving 12 310 patients were included. In all 7 subgroups, the biosimilars analyzed were indistinguishable from their reference drug on surrogate efficacy. Six reference drug trials were included, involving 1811 patients. On average, biosimilar studies involved more patients than reference drug trials (mean number of patients, 397 vs 302), were more likely to be randomized clinical trials rather than single-group or observational studies (100% [31 of 31] vs 50% [3 of 6]), and were more likely to be double blind rather than open label (84% [26 of 31] vs 17% [1 of 6]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This systematic review and meta-analysis found that the biosimilars for the cancer drugs in this sample were subjected to rigorous clinical evaluations, and the results were statistically indistinguishable from those of original products across drugs, cancer types, and outcome measures.
Obituary Listing
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What Has the Undiagnosed Diseases Network Taught Us About the Clinical Applications of Genomic Testing?
Authors: David R. Murdock, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Brendan Lee
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2022)

Genetic testing has undergone a revolution in the last decade, particularly with the advent of next-generation sequencing and its associated reductions in costs and increases in efficiencies. The Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) has been a leader in the application of such genomic testing for rare disease diagnosis. This review discusses the current state of genomic testing performed within the UDN, with a focus on the strengths and limitations of whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing in clinical diagnostics and the importance of ongoing data reanalysis. The role of emerging technologies such as RNA and long-read sequencing to further improve diagnostic rates in the UDN is also described. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges faced in insurance coverage of comprehensive genomic testing as well as the opportunities for a larger role of testing in clinical medicine.
A Multi-Center Evaluation of Anxiety, Depression, and Resilience in Food Allergic Adolescents and Primary Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Adam Price, Amy Scurlock, Ashton Rogers, Emily Seminara, Naiya Patel, Stacie Jones, Amika Sood, Brandi Whitaker, Diana Munoz Mendoza, Paula Roberson, Jing Jin, Drew Bird, Layla Samandi, Christopher Parrish
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Lung cancer scRNA-seq and lipidomics reveal aberrant lipid metabolism for early-stage diagnosis
Authors: Guangxi Wang, Mantang Qiu, Xudong Xing, Juntuo Zhou, Hantao Yao, Mingru Li, Rong Yin, Yan Hou, Yang Li, Shuli Pan, Yuqing Huang, Fan Yang, Fan Bai, Honggang Nie, Shuangshuang Di, Limei Guo, Zhu Meng, Jun Wang, Yuxin Yin
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2022)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality, and early detection is key to improving survival. However, there are no reliable blood-based tests currently available for early-stage lung cancer diagnosis. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of different early-stage lung cancers and found that lipid metabolism was broadly dysregulated in different cell types, with glycerophospholipid metabolism as the most altered lipid metabolism–related pathway. Untargeted lipidomics was carried out in an exploratory cohort of 311 participants. Through support vector machine algorithm-based and mass spectrum–based feature selection, we identified nine lipids (lysophosphatidylcholines 16:0, 18:0, and 20:4; phosphatidylcholines 16:0–18:1, 16:0–18:2, 18:0–18:1, 18:0–18:2, and 16:0–22:6; and triglycerides 16:0–18:1–18:1) as the features most important for early-stage cancer detection. Using these nine features, we developed a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS)–based targeted assay using multiple reaction monitoring. This target assay achieved 100.00% specificity on an independent validation cohort. In a hospital-based lung cancer screening cohort of 1036 participants examined by low-dose computed tomography and a prospective clinical cohort containing 109 participants, the assay reached more than 90.00% sensitivity and 92.00% specificity. Accordingly, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS imaging confirmed that the selected lipids were differentially expressed in early-stage lung cancer tissues in situ. This method, designated as Lung Cancer Artificial Intelligence Detector, may be useful for early detection of lung cancer or large-scale screening of high-risk populations for cancer prevention.
SCAI SHOCK Stage Classification Expert Consensus Update: A Review and Incorporation of Validation Studies
Authors: Srihari S. Naidu, David A. Baran, Jacob C. Jentzer, Steven M. Hollenberg, Sean van Diepen, Mir B. Basir, Cindy L. Grines, Deborah B. Diercks, Shelley Hall, Navin K. Kapur, William Kent, Sunil V. Rao, Marc D. Samsky, Holger Thiele, Alexander G. Truesdell, Timothy D. Henry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Alimentary Tract Roentgenology
Authors: Martin W. Donner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The editors joined by 40 coauthors, all eminently qualified in their field, present gastrointestinal roentgenology in an up-to-date reference book and in a new and interesting format. Beginning with a discussion of the available contrast media and radiographic equipment for gastrointestinal examinations, the introductory chapters include excellent essays on the acute abdomen and plain film diagnosis. Also included are practical data, usually not found in comparable textbooks, concerned with patient preparation for barium enemas, small-bowel series, and biliary tract examinations. Other outstanding chapters are those dealing with the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and granulomatous colitis, diverticular disease, and the irritable colon syndrome and lesser peritoneal sac pathology. Conditions found only in children are presented in two chapters of pediatric roentgenology of the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts. Useful tables of the etiology of gastrointestinal bleeding and patient preparation as well as line drawings of various anomalies are provided. Information obtained
Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities and β-Amyloid–Targeting Antibodies
Authors: Massimo Filippi, Giordano Cecchetti, Edoardo Gioele Spinelli, Paolo Vezzulli, Andrea Falini, Federica Agosta
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> After more than a decade of research and development of clinical trials testing anti–β-amyloid monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), extensive experience has been gained regarding the effects of these treatments in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). On the verge of an expected large-scale introduction in the clinical setting after the recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of aducanumab, shared knowledge regarding amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs) is of paramount importance. <h3>Objective</h3> To summarize available evidence on ARIAs from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) testing anti–β-amyloid mAbs in patients with AD and to provide a comprehensive update about risk factors, clinical correlates, and implications for withholding and reinitiating treatment. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> In this systematic review, a literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library and a search of ClinicalTrials.gov were conducted through September 15, 2021. Publications describing RCTs, secondary analyses of RCT data, and case reports of ARIAs were included. Strengths of clinical data were graded according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. <h3>Findings</h3> Twenty-two RCTs, 11 secondary analyses of RCTs, and 1 case report, including in total 15 508 adult patients (8483 women [54.7%]; mean [SD] age, 69.6 [8.3] years) were selected for inclusion. Signal alterations that included parenchymal edema and sulcal effusion leading to transient hyperintensities on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and T2-weighted sequences were termed<i>ARIA-E</i>, whereas those consisting of hemosiderin deposits, including parenchymal microhemorrhages and leptomeningeal superficial siderosis, were termed<i>ARIA-H</i>. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 genotype was the main risk factor for both ARIA types; ARIA-E incidence was further associated with treatment dose, affecting the 55% of ApoE ε4 carriers in the high-dose aducanumab treatment group. Both ARIA types manifested early during study course, and symptomatic cases accounted for the 6.1% to 39.3% of ARIA-E cases at higher treatment doses across RCTs, whereas ARIA-H cases were generally asymptomatic. Most ARIA-E cases resolved with treatment withholding, although corticosteroid administration was required anecdotally. ARIA-E recurrence after dose reinitiation or adjustment varied from 13.8% to 25.6% across RCTs. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Evidence suggests that ARIAs are frequent, mostly asymptomatic collateral events of amyloid-modifying therapies, highlighting the need for standardized clinical and neuroradiological management protocols in real-world clinical settings.
Efficacy of Dupilumab in the Prevention of Seasonal Exacerbations in Patients With and Without Evidence of an Allergic Asthma Phenotype
Authors: Anju Peters, Hironori Sagara, Jonathan Corren, Christian Domingo, Nadia Daizadeh, Benjamin Ortiz, Michel Djandji, Paul Rowe, Juby Jacob-Nara, Nora Crikelair, Yamo Deniz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2022)
Psoriasis rate is increased by the exposure to TNF inhibition in children with JIA
Authors: Yongdong Zhao, Erin Sullivan, Mary Beth Son, Timothy Beukelman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2022)

Objective We aimed to investigate the relationship between tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) therapy and the onset of new psoriasis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) using Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry data. Methods De-identified data were obtained from the CARRA Registry. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or psoriasis documented on or prior to JIA diagnosis date or with incomplete data were excluded. Exposure to TNFi was categorised as: (1) ever use; (2) current use or (3) first use only. Adjusted HRs (aHRs) were calculated between exposed and unexposed groups adjusted for methotrexate exposure, sex, race, family history of psoriasis and initial JIA category. Results A total of 8225 patients were included with a median follow-up of 3.9 years. Over half of the patients were prescribed TNFi (n=4437, 54%). The aHR of new onset of psoriasis after ever exposure to TNFi was 2.93 (2.15 to 3.98). The incidence rate of psoriasis was the highest in children ever receiving and actively receiving adalimumab. Ever concurrent methotrexate use (HR 0.45, 0.29 to 0.69) was associated with lower risk. Conclusion In a large prospective JIA patient registry, we observed a nearly threefold increased risk of psoriasis after TNFi exposureCite Now
Sublingual Boosting with a Novel Mucoadhesive Thermogelling Hydrogel Following Parenteral CAF01 Priming as a Strategy Against <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>
Authors: Lorena Garcia‐del Rio, Patricia Diaz‐Rodriguez, Gabriel Kristian Pedersen, Dennis Christensen, Mariana Landin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2022)

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease of bacterial origin. The high number of asymptomatic cases makes it difficult to stop the transmission, requiring vaccine development. Herein, a strategy is proposed to obtain local genital tract immunity against C. trachomatis through parenteral prime and sublingual boost. Subcutaneous administration of chlamydia CTH522 subunit vaccine loaded in the adjuvant CAF01 is combined with sublingual administration of CTH522 loaded in a novel thermosensitive and mucoadhesive hydrogel. Briefly, a ternary optimized hydrogel (OGEL) with desirable biological and physicochemical properties is obtained using artificial intelligence techniques. This formulation exhibits a high gel strength and a strong mucoadhesive, adhesive and cohesive nature. The thermosensitive properties of the hydrogel facilitate application under the tongue. Meanwhile the fast gelation at body temperature together with rapid antigen release should avoid CTH522 leakage by swallowing and increase the contact with sublingual tissue, thus promoting absorption. In vivo studies demonstrate that parenteral-sublingual prime-boost immunization, using CAF01 and OGEL as CTH522 vaccine carriers, shows a tendency to increase cellular (Th1/Th17) immune responses when compared to mucosal or parenteral vaccination alone. Furthermore, parenteral prime with CAF01/CTH522 followed by sublingual boosting with OGEL/CTH522 elicits a local IgA response in the genital tract.
What or whom to treat
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Physicians are enjoined routinely to treat the patient, not the disease. It is then of some importance, or at least of interest, to know what it is that they are<i>not</i>to treat. Disease is a term in need of definition. When Socrates insisted that his debaters define their terms, he gave them considerable latitude. Since there were no dictionaries at the time, a debater was on his own, and, much like Humpty Dumpty in<i>Alice Through the Looking Glass</i>, he could make words mean what he wanted them to mean. Lacking such latitude, we can take license with definitions only when, because of incompleteness or ambiguity, dictionaries leave a semantic void. This is the case with the word "disease." Nor can dictionaries be faulted for such semantic inadequacy. Concepts of disease have varied through the centuries. Diseases have been conceived of as demonic possessions, divine punishments or trials, independently