tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case Report of 18F-FDG PET/CT Features of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Mammoplasty
Authors: Aung Min Maw, Samriti Sood, Geoffrey P. Schembri
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

A 57-year-old woman with a history of previous bilateral breast polyacrylamide hydrogel injection presented for 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging to investigate recurrent retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Incidental symmetrical FDG-positive accumulation was noted in the bilateral axillae tracking between the interpectoral planes. The finding is consistent with a chronic inflammatory process secondary to the migration of the polyacrylamide hydrogel injections.
Abstract 16967: Predictors for Recovery of Ejection Fraction in Urban Cohort of Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Jonathan Francois, Mohammed AlSadawi, Christian Abrahim, Romy R Ortega, Inna Bukharovich
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Despite the clinical and economic impact of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), understanding surrounding factors associated with resolution of ejection fraction (EF) as well as its prognostic value, remains elusive. Hypothesis: Predictors for Recovery of EF may differ in African Americans compared to the general population. Methods: We conducted a single center retrospective chart review on patients following up in the adult heart failure clinic at our inner city hospital located in Central Brooklyn. Chart review of 312 patients was performed and data including, demographics, comorbidities, medications and echocardiographic parameters. Patients not on an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) were excluded as were those with a diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Results: Of 312 patients identified, 158 (50.6%) were male and 289 (92.6%) identified as African in ancestry. Mean time since diagnosis was 86.2 months (SEM 4.9). There were 113 (36.2%) patients who had recovery of ejection fraction to greater than 50%. There were 59 patients on Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI) therapy. Patients on ARNI were less likely to have ventricular recovery with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 0.484. The duration of heart failure in the patients with ARNI was significantly less than those on ACE/ARB therapy, 29.15 months versus 99.49 months respectively (2 tailed P value for difference of means &lt;0.0001). Beta blocker use and Aldosterone antagonism were also associated with a reduced likelihood of recovery in ejection fraction (OR 0.177 and 0.294) respectively. Other classes of medication as well as comorbidities including an ischemic etiology had no statistically significant impact. Conclusion: In our predominantly African American cohort of patients, key GDMT medication including ARNI, Beta blockers and aldosterone antagonists reduced the odds of EF recovery.
Abstract 16307: Tofogliflozin Improves Pulmonary Hypertension With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Mice
Authors: Yusuke Joki, Hakuoh Konishi, Kiyoshi Takasu, Tohru Minamino
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a syndrome of increased pulmonary artery pressure and often leads to death. Left heart diseases(LHD) are frequently complicated by PH (PH-LHD), classified group2. In particular, PH with heart failure with preserved LV ejection fraction (HFpEF) is higher prevalence metabolic syndrome and poor prognosis than LHD without PH. Tofogliflozin (TOFO) is SGLT2 inhibitor as a therapeutic agent for diabetes. Recent study revealed SGLT2 inhibitors have a beneficial effect on heart failure. However it has not been clarified that SGLT2 inhibitors affect PH-LHD. This study examined whether TOFO improved for PH-LHD. Hypothesis: We hypothesis TOFO has a protective effect for PH with HFpEF. Methods: We used two HFpEF mice models, induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery and high fat diet (HFD). TAC model: C57BL/6J mice were subjected to TAC. Sham and TAC mice were treated with TOFO 3mg/kg in water by day or only water. After 4weeks, each mouse was measured physical data, Body weight (BW), Left ventricular weight (LV), Right ventricular weight (RV), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), UCG, collected blood and urine glucose. HFD model: AKR/J mice fed a HFD for 20weeks. Regular diet and HFD mice were treated with TOHO 3mg/kg in water by day or only water. 20weeks later each mouse measured above data. Results and Conclusions: Mice treated with TOFO had significantly higher urine glucose concentrations. TAC induced left ventricular hypertrophy, increased HW/BW ratio and RVSP. However TAC+TOFO mice were reduced hypertrophy and LV/BW ratio than TAC group. Moreover TAC+TOFO mice were improved RV/LV ratio and RVSP (Figure). AKR/J+HFD groups substantially higher BW and occurred PH than RFD groups. In contrast with HFD, TOFO treated group ameliorated BW, RW/LW ratio, moreover normal RVSP. These results showed Tofogliflozin had a beneficial effect for PH with HFpEF.
Abstract 14415: Management, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Developing Country
Authors: Muhammed K Elfaituri, Mohamed Abrahim Bin Zarti, Hazem Abdelkarem Faraj, Ahmed Khaled, Mohammed Abdulhameed Zendah, Elham Omran, Ahmed Msherghi, Osama Bheleel
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) encompasses a variety of coronary artery disorders involving myocardial infarction with ST-segment-elevation (STEMI), unstable angina (UA), and myocardial infarction with non-ST elevation (NSTEMI). Hypothesis: To gain insight into the epidemiology, evaluation, in-hospital treatment, and commitment to current management guidance of ACS for patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in a developing country. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of 50 consecutive patients presenting with ACS between October 2019 and December 2019, and followed for in-hospital mortality at a tertiary care general medical unit. We collected and analysed patient reports on presentation, treatment, in-hospital mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results: Patients diagnosed with ACS had a mean (SD) age of 59.3 (13.1) years, and were predominantly men (58%). Alcohol and drug consumption, smoking, and morbid obesity were significantly associated with STEMI (P &lt; 0.05). Discharge diagnoses included STEMI (40%), NSTEMI, and unstable angina. Mean (SD) duration of hospital stay was 5.5 (5.8) days. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was below 40% in 28% of patients, with a mean (SD) LVEF of 46.0 (15.3) ml. Median time (interquartile range) from the onset of pain to hospital admission was 80 (423) minutes for STEMI and 138 (480) minutes for NSTEMI (P &gt; 0.05). About 72% of patients were admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit, and 34% of STEMI patients received a fibrinolytic. All patients received anti-platelet drugs. MACE were identified in 16.3% of STEMI patients and 10.6% of NSTEMI patients. Body mass index, history of cardiac disease, longer hospital duration, diabetes, and hypertension were significant predictors of in-hospital MACE. All patients were discharged and alive at the study end. All patients received standard of care treatment after discharge. Conclusions: Delays in the delivery and application of thrombolytic are coronary therapy require attention in developing countries to improve the care of patients with ACS.
First autochthonous human West Nile virus infections in the Netherlands, July to August 2020
Authors: Danique RM Vlaskamp, Steven FT Thijsen, Johan Reimerink, Pieter Hilkens, Willem H Bouvy, Sabine E Bantjes, Bart JM Vlaminckx, Hans Zaaijer, Hans HTC van den Kerkhof, Stijn FH Raven, Chantal BEM Reusken
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

In October 2020, the first case of autochthonous West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease was diagnosed in the Netherlands with a presumed infection in the last week of August. Investigations revealed five more cases of local West Nile virus (WNV) infection. The cases resided in a region where WNV was detected in a bird and mosquitoes in August 2020. Molecular analysis was successful for two cases and identified the presence of WNV lineage 2.
Abstract 16095: Plasma NT-proBNP Concentrations are Two-fold Lower in Pacific versus European Population Samples: Evidence for Glycosylation Impacting Assay Detection and/or ProBNP Processing
Authors: Allamanda Faatoese, Moritz Lasse, Lynley Lewis, Chris J Pemberton, A M Richards, Vicky A Cameron
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Pacific Islanders in New Zealand (NZ) have high rates of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The Pasifika Heart Study (PHS) recorded ethnic-specific clinical and biomarker data to inform clinical management in community care. Methods: For the PHS, Pacific adults (n=200) aged 20-64 years were selected from patients of a Pacific-led health centre in Christchurch, NZ, and screened for existing cardio-metabolic disorders and risk factors. Circulating concentrations of NT-proBNP (Roche Cobas NT-proBNP II), total proBNP and proBNP not glycosylated at Threonine 71 (T71) residue (both by in-house Luminex assays) were measured. Assay data were compared with European participants in the INSPIRE study (n=103 healthy volunteers, 20-70 years). Results: PHS participants had a mean age (SD) of 41.7 (11.5) years, 48% were male, mostly of Samoan and Tongan ethnicities (44% and 32% respectively). INSPIRE European participants had a mean age of 46.8 (15.0) years, 46% were male. NTproBNP concentrations measured by Cobas were two-fold lower in the PHS (median = 18.4 ng/L, IQR = [7.3, 35.8]) compared with INSPIRE (40.0 ng/L [19.8, 70.2]) (p&lt;0.001). Moreover, consistently lower concentrations were observedin PHS across a spectrum of either age or BMI (see Figure). In contrast, total proBNP concentrations exhibited a broad range in both cohorts, but did not differ between PHS (192.8 [35.7, 414.2] ng/L) and INSPIRE (36.1 [36.1, 225.1] ng/L, p&lt;0=0.278). This suggests that in the PHS, either the Cobas assay underestimates NT-proBNP due to glycosylation of antibody-binding sites and / or proBNP is not processed to NTproBNP due to glycosylation at the T71 cleavage site. As evidence for the latter, only 8% of PHS had proBNP not glycosylated at T71 versus 31% of INSPIRE (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Use of NT-proBNP thresholds based on European reference ranges to assess cardiovascular risk in community care may lead to under-diagnosis of evolving heart failure in Pacific Islanders.
Assessment of chronic bronchitis and risk factors in young adults: results from BAMSE
Authors: Gang Wang, Jenny Hallberg, Petra Um Bergström, Christer Janson, Göran Pershagen, Olena Gruzieva, Marianne van Hage, Antonios Georgelis, Anna Bergström, Inger Kull, Anders Lindén, Erik Melén
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

Background Chronic bronchitis is associated with substantial morbidity among elderly adults, but little is known about its prevalence and risk factors in young adults. Our aim was to assess the prevalence and early-life risk factors for chronic bronchitis in young adults. Methods Questionnaire data and clinical measures from the 24-year follow-up of the Swedish BAMSE (Child (Barn), Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiological) cohort were used. We assessed chronic bronchitis (CB) as the combination of cough and mucus production in the morning during winter. Environmental and clinical data from birth and onwards were used for analyses of risk factors. Results At the 24-year follow-up, 75% (n=3064) participants completed the questionnaire and 2030 performed spirometry. The overall prevalence of CB was 5.5% (n=158) with similar estimates in males and females. 49% of CB cases experienced more than three self-reported respiratory infections in the past year compared to 18% in non-CB subjects (p&lt;0.001), and 37% of cases were current smokers ( versus 19% of non-CB cases). Statistically significant lower post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity were observed in CB compared to non-CB subjects (mean z-score −0.06 versus 0.13, p=0.027). Daily smoking (adjusted (a)OR 3.85, p&lt;0.001), air pollution exposure (black carbon at ages 1–4 years aOR 1.71 per 1 μg·m −3 increase, p=0.009) and exclusive breastfeeding for ≤4 months (aOR 0.66, p=0.044) were associated with CB. Conclusion Chronic bronchitis in young adults is associated with recurrent respiratory infections. Besides smoking, our results support the role of early-life exposures, such as air pollution and exclusive breastfeeding, for respiratory health later in life.
Long-Term Oncologic Outcomes After Laparoscopic Versus Open Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Davit L. Aghayan, Airazat M. Kazaryan, Vegar Johansen Dagenborg, Bård I. Røsok, Morten Wang Fagerland, Gudrun Maria Waaler Bjørnelv, Ronny Kristiansen, Kjersti Flatmark, Åsmund Avdem Fretland, Bjørn Edwin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Despite the recent worldwide dissemination of laparoscopic liver surgery, no high-level evidence supports the oncologic safety of this approach.To evaluate long-term oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic versus open liver resection in patients with colorectal metastases.A single-center, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial (OSLO-COMET [Oslo Randomized Laparoscopic Versus Open Liver Resection for Colorectal Metastases Trial]). (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01516710).Oslo University Hospital, the only provider of liver surgery for the 3 million inhabitants of southeastern Norway.Patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases were randomly assigned to have open or laparoscopic liver resection.From February 2012 to January 2016, a total of 280 patients were included in the trial (laparoscopic surgery: n = 133; open surgery: n = 147).The primary outcome was postoperative morbidity within 30 days. Five-year rates of overall and recurrence-free survival were predefined secondary end points.At a median follow-up of 70 months, rates of 5-year overall survival were 54% in the laparoscopic group and 55% in the open group (between-group difference, 0.5 percentage point [95% CI, -11.3 to 12.3 percentage points]; hazard ratio, 0.93 [CI, 0.67 to 1.30]; P = 0.67). Rates of 5-year recurrence-free survival were 30% in the laparoscopic group and 36% in the open group (between-group difference, 6.0 percentage points [CI, -6.7 to 18.7 percentage points]; hazard ratio, 1.09 [CI, 0.80 to 1.49]; P = 0.57).The trial was not powered to detect differences in secondary end points and was not designed to address a noninferiority hypothesis for survival outcomes.In this randomized trial of laparoscopic and open liver surgery, no difference in survival outcomes was found between the treatment groups. However, differences in 5-year overall survival up to about 10 percentage points in either direction cannot be excluded. This trial should be followed by pragmatic multicenter trials and international registries.The South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority.
Abstract 299: Effect of Start Position and Compression Depth on Mechanical CPR Hemodynamics in Swine
Authors: Shannon E Allen, Allison Hubert, Dorcas Nsumbu, Samantha Ang, John M Canty, Brian R Weil
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Introduction: Mechanical devices offer the ability to provide consistent fixed-depth chest compressions during CPR. Although compression depth is considered a primary determinant of CPR quality, the influence of other device settings has received less attention. Accordingly, we evaluated the combined effect of compression depth and device start position on CPR hemodynamics in a porcine model of cardiac arrest (CA). Methods: Swine (n=119) were subjected to 7-10 min of CA following electrical induction of ventricular fibrillation. CPR was subsequently performed manually (target peak aortic pressure: 100 mmHg; n=73) or with a mechanical compression system (LUCAS 3.1, Stryker; n=46). Within the mechanical CPR group, animals received 102 compressions/min using either factory default settings (“QuickFit” automated suction cup start position; compression depth: 2.1”; n=13) or custom settings (manual suction cup start position; compression depth: 1.8”; n=33). Aortic pressure (Ao), coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO 2 ; via near infrared spectroscopy) were compared between groups after 1 min of CPR. Results: Mechanical CPR with automated suction cup start position and compression depth of 2.1” resulted in significantly higher peak Ao and CPP than mechanical CPR with manual start position and compression depth of 1.8” ( Table ). Compared with manual CPR, only mechanical CPR with automated start position and compression depth of 2.1” led to a higher CPP. However, cerebral rSO 2 values fell from 61±1 % at baseline to 49±1 % during CA (p&lt;0.01) and did not increase during CPR in any group. Conclusion: Compared with a manual start position and compression depth of 1.8”, use of the LUCAS “QuickFit” feature and compression depth of 2.1” led to a significantly higher CPP during mechanical CPR. Future studies are necessary to determine if differences persist during prolonged CPR with and without concomitant vasopressor administration.
Abstract 17217: Brown Adipose Tissue Promotes Exercise Capacity Through Sirtuin-3
Authors: Marko Oydanich, Jie Zhang, Dorothy E Vatner, Stephen F Vatner
Journal: Circulation (2020)

It is well recognized that increased white adipose tissue impairs exercise performance. However, little is known about regulation of exercise performance by brown adipose tissue (BAT). The Regulator of G Protein Signaling 14 (RGS 14) knockout (KO) mouse is a model of enhanced longevity and improved metabolism through a novel BAT mechanism. The RGS14 KO mice also exhibit enhanced exercise performance. Accordingly, the goal of this investigation was to determine if BAT from RGS14 KO mice transplanted into their wild type littermates (WTL) recapitulated the enhanced exercise performance of the RGS14 KO mice. To accomplish this, BAT was extracted from the RGS14 KO mice and transplanted into their WTL and exercise was performed 3 days later. When BAT was transplanted from the RGS14 KO mice to WTL, a reversal of phenotype was observed, i.e., WTL with the transplanted BAT ran for a longer distance (565 ± 18m vs. 386 ± 17m) and performed 52% more work to exhaustion, p&lt;0.05, and showed significant increases in maximum VO 2 (21%), VCO 2 (27%), and energy expenditure (23%), and hind limb blood flow (62%), measured ultrasonically with the Vevo 3100, than was observed in the RGS14 KO BAT donor mice. Interestingly, BAT transplanted from WTL to other WTL also recapitulated the enhanced exercise performance, but not at 3 days after transplantation, but rather after 8 weeks of transplantation. Since mitochondrial numbers and cross sectional area were enhanced both in RGS14 KO and BAT recipients, we examined whether blocking Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a master regulator of mitochondria, would eliminate the improved exercise performance in the mice with BAT transplants. To accomplish this, we crossed the mice with BAT transplants from RGS14 KO mice with SIRT3 KO mice, which abolished the enhanced exercise capacity in mice with BAT transplants. In conclusion, in contrast to increased white adipose tissue, which impairs exercise performance, brown adipose tissue enhances exercise performance, through a SIRT3 mechanism, suggesting that brown adipose tissue could be a potential mechanism for improving exercise capacity in patients with exercise intolerance.
Abstract 13451: Upregulation of CaMKII and Contrast Changes of Cardiac β <sub>1</sub> - and β <sub>3</sub> -Adrenergic Signaling Pathways in a Humanized Angiotensinogen Model of Hypertension
Authors: Heng Jie Cheng, Jing Cao, Xiaoqiang Sun, Yixi Liu, Zhe Chen, Dalane Kitzman, David Herrington, David Zhao, Che Cheng
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Background: The transgenic rats expressing the human AGT gene [TGR (hAGT) L1623] (hAogen) is an established humanized model of hypertension. Recently we further found that this model is associated with declines in cardiac contractile function and β-adrenergic receptor (AR) reserve. However, the molecular basis is unclear. It has been suggested that pivotal restructuring of β-AR system is a critical determinant of the dysfunctional β-AR regulation in several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. But the alterations of subtypes of β-ARs have not been systemically evaluated in this model. Furthermore, there is significant crosstalk between β-AR signaling and CaMKII activation presenting CaMKII as a possible downstream mediator of detrimental β-AR signaling in the abnormal contractile phenotype of cardiac hypertrophy. However, the changes in cardiac CaMKII in this model are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that in hAogen, CaMKII and β 3 -AR are upregulated in the myocardium, but β 1 -AR is down-regulated, which are important causes of cardiac dysfunction and β-AR desensitization. Methods: We compared LV myocyte CaMKIIδ expression and activity and β 1 - and β 3 -AR expression and determined myocyte functional performance and [Ca 2+ ] i transient ([Ca 2+ ] iT) response to β -AR stimulation in myocytes obtained from 6 Sprague Dawley (SD) control and 6 haogen male adult rats. Results: Compared with SD, in hAogen LV myocytes, β 3 -AR protein level significantly increased (26%, 0.29 vs 0.23), but β 1 -AR protein level (26%, 0.4 vs 0.54) significantly decreased. The CaMKIIδ protein levels (16%, 0.50 vs 0.43) and CaMKIIδ phosphorylation (at Thr287) (35%, 0.27 vs 0.20) were significantly increased. These changes were followed by significantly reduced cell contraction (dL/dt max , 102.1vs 138.8μm/s), relaxation (dR/dt max , 94.0 vs 104.7 μm/s) and [Ca 2+ ] iT (0.15 vs 0.21). ISO-stimulated increases in dL/dt max (42% vs 60%), dR/dt max (36% vs 51%) and [Ca 2+ ] iT (20% vs 31%) were also significantly reduced. Conclusions: The upregulation of LV myocyte CaMKIIδ and contrast changes in β 3 -AR and β 1 -AR may be the important cause of the abnormal contractile phenotype and β-AR desensitization in this humanized angiotensinogen model of hypertension of TGR (hAGT) L1623.