tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Performance tests.
Authors: A Wetherell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This paper discusses the use of psychological performance tests to assess the effects of environmental stressors. The large number and the variety of performance tests are illustrated, and the differences between performance tests and other psychological tests are described in terms of their design, construction, use, and purpose. The stressor emphasis is on the effects of drugs since that is where most performance tests have found their main application, although other stressors, e.g., fatigue, toxic chemicals, are mentioned where appropriate. Diazepam is used as an example. There is no particular performance emphasis since the tests are intended to have wide applicability. However, vehicle-driving performance is discussed because it has been the subject of a great deal of research and is probably one of the most important areas of application. Performance tests are discussed in terms of the four main underlying models--factor analysis, general information processing, multiple resource and strategy models, and processing-stage models--and in terms of their psychometric properties--sensitivity, reliability, and content, criterion, construct, and face validity. Some test taxonomies are presented. Standardization is also discussed with reference to the reaction time, mathematical processing, memory search, spatial processing, unstable tracking, verbal processing, and dual task tests used in the AGARD STRES battery. Some comments on measurement strengths and appropriate study designs and methods are included.
William S. Fones (1921–54)
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1954)

William S. Fones (1921–54) Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 15, Issue 2, October 1954, Page NP1, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/15.2.NP1 Published: 01 October 1954
Cervical Neoplasia
Authors: Eivor E. Palm
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Richart and Vaillant in "The Irrigation Smear: False-Negative Rates in a Population With Cervical Neoplasia" (<i>JAMA</i><b>192</b>:199-202 [April 19] 1965) report that five of 13 documented early cervical cancers had negative cytologic readings in their laboratory. We have been credited at the conclusion of the article for assistance "in the preparation and interpretation of the irrigation smears." Our assistance was limited to demonstrating in a visit to New York that the presumptive falsenegative results were due to lapses in the recommended procedures for procurement, preparation, staining, and interpretation of cytologicsmears. Under these circumstances, we prefer not to share responsibility for the results. The usefulness and accuracy of the irrigation smear in the detection of stage zero cervical cancer has been independently confirmed in population surveys and in doubleblind studies, including adequate histologic controls, which are lacking in 89% of the Sloane Hospital material. Every cytologist of
Review of the British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2011, 7–9 December, London, UK
Authors: Hannah Kelly Bayes, Alistair Colin Church, Andrew J Fisher
Journal: Thorax (2012)

This is the second annual review of the British Thoracic Society Winter Scientific Meeting held from 7-9 December 2011, which was attended by over 2000 delegates. Although a wide spectrum of respiratory research was presented at the meeting, the content of the review focuses specifically on three key themes: cystic fibrosis, pulmonary vascular disease and thoracic oncology. Advances in clinical and translational respiratory research presented within the major symposia and spoken sessions related to these areas are summarised. Additional sessions recognising topics relevant to the forthcoming 2012 London Olympics are also highlighted.
Inherited Patients Taking Opioids for Chronic Pain — Considerations for Primary Care
Authors: Phillip O. Coffin, Antje M. Barreveld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2022)

Patients who have taken opioids for years for chronic pain must be treated differently from those who have not because such therapies cause profound physiological and neurologic changes. Reflexive approaches to tapering or discontinuing opioids should be avoided.
Abstracts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

In an investigation at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Centre-of the effect of hormone therapy on the course of rheumatic carditis, the history of one hundred patients treated without hormones was compared with that of 55 receiving hormone therapy.The hundred control patients experienced 165 attacks of active carditis between 1930 and 1955.Their ages varied from 3 to 18 years; 72 of the attacks were initial and 93 recurrent.Careful study of the cases occurring in the two 10-year periods 1935-45 and 1945-55 showed that there had been no significant difference in the type and severity of the disease.In one-fourth of the patients, chorea, and in one-half polyarthritis, accompanied the carditis, and in about 12 per cent. of the attacks subcutaneous nodules were observed.The duration of active carditis was less than 2 months in 20 per cent. of the attacks, 2 to 4 months in 30 per cent., and from 4 months to over a year in 50 per cent.The follow-up period varied from 3 months to 21 years and averaged 9 years.During this time, increase in cardiac physical signs rarely occurred without an obvious attack of carditis, and murmurs regressed in one-third of the patients.The 55 patients (aged 4 to 19 years) receiving hormones were observed during 1949-55, and in all cases treatment was instituted within 3 to 21 days of onset.The attacks in 25 cases were initial and in thirty cases recurrent.The carditis in the hormone-treated group appeared to be slightly more severe than in the controls.The hormones used-corticotrophin, 25 units intramuscularly every 6 hours for 4 days, and then 20 units 6-hrly for 3 days; copyright.
European Perspectives
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Randomised, controlled trials on large patient cohorts have led to substantial progress in cardiovascular medicine.However, this approach ignores the individual predisposition and the highly variable impact of environment on disease progression and response to therapy."I would therefore first promote personalised cardiovascular medicine by integrating individual genomic variation and the unique epigenetic regulation of gene expression and complement these molecular signatures with in-depth bioimaging including metabolomics, high-sensitivity biomarkers, and novel imaging modalities.Such an endeavour needs state-of-the-art biobanking and sophisticated bioinformatics and computational sciences.Computational sciences have made enormous progress, and I would strongly promote their application in cardiovascular medicine."Second, the development of a comprehensive infrastructure comprising the entire translational pipeline would be my second strategy, which means an entire pipeline from target identification and confirmation, humanised model systems, Special Feature: Important Topics for Future Cardiovascular Research first in-man trial facilities, intellectual property protection units, and a functional network with venture capitalists and enterprises.
Clinical Mycology
Authors: John F. Fisher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes3 February 2004Clinical MycologyJohn F. Fisher, MDJohn F. Fisher, MDFrom Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-3-200402030-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Dismukes W, Pappas P, Sobel J, eds. 519 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 2003. $139.50. ISBN 0195148096. Order phone 800-445-9714.Field of medicine: Infectious disease.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Specialists in infectious disease, medical oncology, and dermatology; mycologists; and clinical pharmacists.Purpose: To provide a comprehensive source of information about endemic and opportunistic fungal diseases.Content: This fully referenced, 8-section book begins with essential background on the current classifications and nomenclature of fungi and detailed, modern laboratory methods for their in vitro and in vivo identification. The latest nucleic acid–based testing, traditional, and novel antibody and antigen detection systems ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 February 2004Volume 140, Issue 3Page: 236KeywordsEpidemiologyFungal diseasesFungal pathogensGenomicsInfectious diseasesMycologyNucleic acidsPharmacistsResearch laboratoriesSoftware tools ePublished: 3 February 2004 Issue Published: 3 February 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
MYCL-mediated reprogramming expands pancreatic insulin-producing cells
Authors: Michitada Hirano, Yusei So, Shin Tsunekawa, Mio Kabata, Sho Ohta, Hiroshi Sagara, Nao Sankoda, Jumpei Taguchi, Yosuke Yamada, Tomoyo Ukai, Makoto Kato, Jiro Nakamura, Manabu Ozawa, Takuya Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Yamada
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2022)
Unbiased cell surface proteomics identifies SEMA4A as an effective immunotherapy target for myeloma
Authors: Georgina S. F. Anderson, Jose Ballester-Beltran, George Giotopoulos, Jose A. Guerrero, Sylvanie Surget, James C. Williamson, Tsz So, David Bloxham, Anna Aubareda, Ryan Asby, Ieuan Walker, Lesley Jenkinson, Elizabeth J. Soilleux, James P. Roy, Ana Teodósio, Catherine Ficken, Leah Officer-Jones, Sara Nasser, Sheri Skerget, Jonathan J. Keats, Peter Greaves, Yu-Tzu Tai, Kenneth C. Anderson, Marion MacFarlane, James E. Thaventhiran, Brian J. P. Huntly, Paul J. Lehner, Michael A. Chapman
Journal: Blood (2022)

The accessibility of cell surface proteins makes them tractable for targeting by cancer immunotherapy, but identifying suitable targets remains challenging. Here we describe plasma membrane profiling of primary human myeloma cells to identify an unprecedented number of cell surface proteins of a primary cancer. We used a novel approach to prioritize immunotherapy targets and identified a cell surface protein not previously implicated in myeloma, semaphorin-4A (SEMA4A). Using knock-down by short-hairpin RNA and CRISPR/nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9), we show that expression of SEMA4A is essential for normal myeloma cell growth in vitro, indicating that myeloma cells cannot downregulate the protein to avoid detection. We further show that SEMA4A would not be identified as a myeloma therapeutic target by standard CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens because of exon skipping. Finally, we potently and selectively targeted SEMA4A with a novel antibody-drug conjugate in vitro and in vivo.
Therapeutic Targeting of Follicular T Cells with Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Seth D. Reighard, Stacey A. Cranert, Kelly M. Rangel, Ayad Ali, Ivayla E. Gyurova, Arthur T. de la Cruz-Lynch, Jasmine A. Tuazon, Marat V. Khodoun, Leah C. Kottyan, David F. Smith, Hermine I. Brunner, Stephen N. Waggoner
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100003.].
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Søren Møller, Jens H. Henriksen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

Increased cardiac output was first described in patients with cirrhosis more than fifty years ago. Later, various observations have indicated the presence of a latent cardiac dysfunction, which includes a combination of reduced cardiac contractility with systolic and diastolic dysfunction and electrophysiological abnormalities. This syndrome is termed cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Results of experimental studies indicate the involvement of several mechanisms in the pathophysiology, such as reduced β-adrenergic receptor signal transduction, altered transmembrane currents and electromechanical coupling, nitric oxide overproduction, and cannabinoid receptor activation. Systolic incompetence in patients can be revealed by pharmacological or physical strain and during stressful procedures, such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion and liver transplantation. Systolic dysfunction has recently been implicated in development of renal failure in advanced disease. Diastolic dysfunction reflects delayed left ventricular filling and is partly attributed to ventricular hypertrophy, subendocardial oedema, and altered collagen structure. The QT interval is prolonged in about half of the cirrhotic patients and it may be normalised by β-blockers. No specific therapy for cirrhotic cardiomyopathy can be recommended, but treatment should be supportive and directed against the cardiac dysfunction. Future research should better describe the prevalence, impact on morbidity and survival, and look for potential treatments. Increased cardiac output was first described in patients with cirrhosis more than fifty years ago. Later, various observations have indicated the presence of a latent cardiac dysfunction, which includes a combination of reduced cardiac contractility with systolic and diastolic dysfunction and electrophysiological abnormalities. This syndrome is termed cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Results of experimental studies indicate the involvement of several mechanisms in the pathophysiology, such as reduced β-adrenergic receptor signal transduction, altered transmembrane currents and electromechanical coupling, nitric oxide overproduction, and cannabinoid receptor activation. Systolic incompetence in patients can be revealed by pharmacological or physical strain and during stressful procedures, such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion and liver transplantation. Systolic dysfunction has recently been implicated in development of renal failure in advanced disease. Diastolic dysfunction reflects delayed left ventricular filling and is partly attributed to ventricular hypertrophy, subendocardial oedema, and altered collagen structure. The QT interval is prolonged in about half of the cirrhotic patients and it may be normalised by β-blockers. No specific therapy for cirrhotic cardiomyopathy can be recommended, but treatment should be supportive and directed against the cardiac dysfunction. Future research should better describe the prevalence, impact on morbidity and survival, and look for potential treatments.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Authors: M Stefanek, V Cancers, R Cogliano, K Baan, Y Grosse, B Lauby-Secretan, F Ghissassi, V Bouvard, L Benbrahim-Tallaa, N Guha, C Freeman, L Galichet, C Wild, Y Bao, D Michaud, D Spiegelman, D Albanes, K Anderson, L Bernstein, P Van Den Brandt, D English, J Freudenheim, C Fuchs, G Giles, E Giovannucci, R Goldbohm, N Håkansson, P Horn-Ross, E Jacobs, C Kitahara, J Marshall, A Miller, K Robien, T Rohan, A Schatzkin, V Stevens, R Stolzenberg-Solomon, J Virtamo, A Wolk, R Ziegler, S Smith-Warner, Cancer Survival, C Quinten, J Maringwa, C Gotay, F Martinelli, C Coens, B Reeve, H Flechtner, E Greimel, M King, D Osoba, C Cleeland, J Ringash, J Schmucker-, M Koch, J Taphoorn, A Weis, Lung Cancer, D.-T Chen, Y.-L Hsu, W Fulp, D Coppola, E Haura, T Yeatman, W Cress, Resected Cancers, C Hatzis, H Sun, H Yao, R Hubbard, F Meric-Bernstam, G Babiera, S Azzi, S Bruno, J Giron, A Potosky, J Malin, B Kim, E Chrischilles, J Weeks Response, N Kuderer, G Lyman, L Response, S Schwartz, B Woloshin, N Segnan, P Armaroli, L Bonelli, M Risio, S Sciallero, M Zappa, B Andreoni, A Arrigoni, L Bisanti, C Casella, C Crosta, F Falcini, F Ferrero, A Giacomin, O Giuliani, A Santarelli, C Visioli, R Zanetti, W Atkin, C Senore
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)
CHRISTOPHER WREN (1632-1723)— ARCHITECT OF LONDON
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic utility of eosinophils in the pleural fluid
Authors: M.aA Martínez-García, E Cases-Viedma, P.J Cordero-Rodríguez, M Hidalgo-Ramírez, M Perpiñá-Tordera, F Sanchis-Moret, J.L Sanchis-Aldás
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of eosinophilia in 358 consecutive samples of pleural fluid (all cases corresponded to first thoracentesis), to review the cause of eosinophilic pleural effusions, and to determine whether the presence of eosinophils increases the likelihood of nonmalignant underlying disorders. Eosinophilic pleural effusions were identified in 45 patients (12.6%): malignant underlying conditions were diagnosed in 11 patients (24.4% with eosinophilic effusions) and benign aetiologies were found in 27 patients. Benign aetiologies included uncomplicated paraneumonic effusion in 10 patients, tuberculosis in seven, complicated paraneumonic in five, liver cirrhosis in three, hydronephrosis in one and pulmonary thromboembolism in one. Seven pleural effusions were idiopathic. There was no difference in the prevalence between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic effusions according to the different diagnoses. With parameters of sensitivity, specificity, pretest and post-test probability and positive and negative predictive values for any prevalence figure using the Bayes9 theorem and for any value of eosinophils (both in percentage or absolute numbers) in the pleural fluid (receiver operating characteristic curve) an adequate predictor of benign disease was not found. It is concluded that pleural eosinophilia at the initial thoracentesis cannot be considered as a predictor of an underlying benign disorder.
Prospective validation of a new imaging scorecard to assess leptomeningeal metastasis: A joint EORTC BTG and RANO effort
Authors: Emilie Le Rhun, Patrick Devos, Sebastian Winklhofer, Hafida Lmalem, Dieta Brandsma, Priya Kumthekar, Antonella Castellano, Annette Compter, Frederic Dhermain, Enrico Franceschi, Peter Forsyth, Julia Furtner, Norbert Galldiks, Jaime Gállego Pérez-Larraya, Jens Gempt, Elke Hattingen, Johann Martin Hempel, Slavka Lukacova, Giuseppe Minniti, Barbara O’Brien, Tjeerd J Postma, Patrick Roth, Roberta Rudà, Niklas Schaefer, Nils O Schmidt, Tom J Snijders, Steffi Thust, Martin van den Bent, Anouk van der Hoorn, Guillaume Vogin, Marion Smits, Joerg C Tonn, Kurt A Jaeckle, Matthias Preusser, Michael Glantz, Patrick Y Wen, Martin Bendszus, Michael Weller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2022)

Abstract Background Validation of the 2016 RANO MRI scorecard for leptomeningeal metastasis failed for multiple reasons. Accordingly, this joint EORTC Brain Tumor Group and RANO effort sought to prospectively validate a revised MRI scorecard for response assessment in leptomeningeal metastasis. Methods Coded paired cerebrospinal MRI of 20 patients with leptomeningeal metastases from solid cancers at baseline and follow-up after treatment and instructions for assessment were provided via the EORTC imaging platform. The Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the interobserver pairwise agreement. Results Thirty-five raters participated, including 9 neuroradiologists, 17 neurologists, 4 radiation oncologists, 3 neurosurgeons, and 2 medical oncologists. Among single leptomeningeal metastases-related imaging findings at baseline, the best median concordance was noted for hydrocephalus (Kappa = 0.63), and the worst median concordance for spinal linear enhancing disease (Kappa = 0.46). The median concordance of raters for the overall response assessment was moderate (Kappa = 0.44). Notably, the interobserver agreement for the presence of parenchymal brain metastases at baseline was fair (Kappa = 0.29) and virtually absent for their response to treatment. 394 of 700 ratings (20 patients x 35 raters, 56%) were fully completed. In 308 of 394 fully completed ratings (78%), the overall response assessment perfectly matched the summary interpretation of the single ratings as proposed in the scorecard instructions. Conclusion This study confirms the principle utility of the new scorecard, but also indicates the need for training of MRI assessment with a dedicated reviewer panel in clinical trials. Electronic case report forms with “blocking options” may be required to enforce completeness and quality of scoring.
The British Society of Gastroenterology
Authors: W Sircus, Dr Atkinson, G Holdstock, M Wiseman, C Loehry, A Kirk, R Hunt, J Dooley, Sheila Sherlock, C Campbell, C Williams, J Walker-Smith, G Greenberg, R Mccloy
Journal: Gut (1978)

Royal Victoria Hospital, Bournemouth) We report on three years' experience of a GP direct referral gastroscopy service.In all, there were 1077 GP referrals, compared to 728 hospital ones.There was no significant difference in either the type or duration of symptoms between the two groups, the vast majority having dyspepsia.Fewer of the GP patients had had a trial of antacids than the hospital referrals.Comparing the first year of the service with the third, 265 additional endoscopies were performed but no extra ulcers or cancers were found.The pick-up rate for these two conditions combined fell from 25 to 13 %.There was no significant difference between the pathology found in either group.Despite the increase in numbers of GP referrals, there was no reduction in the number of patients referred either from hospital clinics for endoscopy or for barium studies.All the GPs in the areas were sent questionnaires and all found the service useful.Seventy-five per cent felt that clinic referral was reduced.It is concluded that, although feasible and useful to the GPs, the introduction of the service results in too many patients being referred, and, consequently, there are few objective advantages.Possible ways of limiting the number of patients referred are discussed.Preventing transfer of malignant cells on non-disposable brushes used for cytology