tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prescription charges.
Authors: G. D. Rees
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM) were shown to be of prognostic significance in gynecological cancers. Bone marrow aspiration is less accepted by patients compared with blood drawing. In this pilot study, we applied the AdnaTest BreastCancer based on immunomagnetic enrichment, targeting common antigens on epithelial gynecological cancers, followed by multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for selection and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of 122 ovarian cancer patients at primary diagnosis and/or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Results were compared with detection of DTC in BM. <h3>Methods:</h3> Ten-milliliter blood was obtained before surgery (n = 86) and/or after chemotherapy (n = 70) and analyzed for CTC with the AdnaTest BreastCancer for the detection of EpCAM-, MUC-1-, and HER-2-transcripts. CA 125 was assessed in an additional single-plex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Bone marrow aspirates were analyzed in duplicate by immunocytochemistry using the pan-cytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3. <h3>Results:</h3> Before surgery, CTCs were detected in 19% of patients, expressing EpCAM (31%), MUC-1 (50%), HER-2 (31%), and CA 125 (50%), respectively. After chemotherapy, the overall detection rate for CTC was 27%, thereof EpCAM (68%), MUC-1 (47%), HER2 (21%), and CA 125 (37%). The overall detection rate for DTC in the BM was 35% before surgery and 31% after therapy. A comparison between DTC and CTC resulted in a concordance rate of 59% before surgery and 56% after chemotherapy. CTC positivity significantly correlated with shorter overall survival before surgery (<i>P</i> = 0.0054) and after chemotherapy (<i>P</i> = 0.047). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> This methodological approach might help to identify molecular targets for specific biological therapies. Blood analysis could give additional information complimentary to that obtained by DTC.
Lectures on the Comparative Physiology of Menstruation
Authors: A. Wiltshire
Journal: BMJ (1883)

collection at the high mean age of thirty-,ne.Now, in addition, there are some, though imperfect, evidences that such children, especially if female, are not merely illustrations of one-child ferti- lity, or only-child sterility, but are also the last of their race.They represent a family's last effort at continuation of its line.Girls in such a position are often heiresses, though not certainly single children, and this circumstance has enabled Galton to follow up their history and to show their infertility.I know several remark- able cases of single children of this kincd, feeble, rich, childless, the last of their race; but a collection of cases forms stronger evidence than any scattered good examples.Speaking of marriages of heiresses as peculiarly unprolific, Galton remarks: "We might, in- deed, have expected that an heiress, who is the sole issue of a marriage, would notbe so fertile as a woman who has many brothers and sisters.Comparative infertility (he adds) must be hereditary
Study RC48-C014: Preliminary results of RC48-ADC combined with toripalimab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.
Authors: Li Zhou, Huayan Xu, Siming Li, Xieqiao Yan, Juan Li, Xiaowen Wu, Zhihong Chi, Lu Si, Chuanliang Cui, Yan Kong, Bixia Tang, Lili Mao, Bin Lian, Xue Bai, Xuan Wang, Hongqian Guo, Zhisong He, Jun Guo, Xinan Sheng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

515 Background: RC48-ADC is a novel humanized anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), which showed promising data in HER2-positive and even negative patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Toripalimab is an anti-PD-1 antibody with a durable antitumor effect for mUC. The combination may have a synergistic antitumor effect. Initial RC48-C014 data was previously presented (ASCO 2021); here we reported an update on safety and ORR. Methods: In dose-escalation cohort, pts received 1.5 or 2 mg/kg RC48-ADC + 3mg/kg toripalimab with the traditional 3+3 escalation design. In the expansion cohort, patients received the recommended dose of RC48-ADC + toripalimab every 2 weeks. The primary endpoints were safety/tolerability and recommended RC48-ADC dose; secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetics, ORR per RECIST 1.1, PFS, and OS, stratified by HER2 and PD-L1 expression. Results: As of 23 Sep 2021 (data cutoff), 32 mUC pts (18 males; median age 67 y [52-76]) were enrolled since 20 Aug 2020. Fifty-three percent pts were systemic treatment naïve in the locally advanced or metastatic setting. The primary site was in upper tract UC in 56%; 53% had visceral metastases (mets), including 28% with liver mets; HER2 expression was positive (IHC 3+ or 2+ ISH+) in 19% pts, and PD-L1 CPS≥1 in 56%. No dose-limiting toxicity was reported, and the recommended dose for RC48-ADC was 2mg/kg. At data cutoff, confirmed investigator-assessed ORR was 75% (95%CI: 50.9, 91.3), including 15% CRs; DCR was 95% (95%CI: 75.1, 99.9). The ORR for 1L previously untreated mUC pts was 80% and 75% for pts with liver mets. The ORR was 100% for pts with HER2 (3+), 77.8% for HER2 (2+), 66.7% for HER2 (1+), and 50% for HER2 (0) respectively. The ORR was 97.1% in pts with PD-L1 CPS≥1 and 50% in CPS &lt; 1. Follow-up continues for PFS and OS. Most common treatment-related AEs were anorexia (72%), asthenia (56%, 8%≥G3), aminotransferase level increased (56%, 4%≥G3), peripheral sensory neuropathy (56%), alopecia (52%), nausea (36%), and anemia (32%). The most common immune-related AE was pneumonitis (20%). Conclusions: RC48-ADC in combination with toripalimab demonstrated promising efficacy in pts with mUC and a manageable safety profile. Further evaluation of RC48 + toripalimab in mUC is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT04264936.
“Varistab”: Corrigendum
Authors: Mr Arnott
Journal: BMJ (1941)

The technique described below has in my opinion proved to be superior to the more common methods of administering fluid intravenously.The fluid can be given at an accurate speed, from a slow drip to a continuous stream under pressure, and is introduced by siphonage, making elaborate containers unnecessary.These advantages are effected by the use of Riddell'srotary pump.Mechanism of Pitmp.-Thepump is constructed of
Safety and efficacy of tisagenlecleucel in primary CNS lymphoma: a phase 1/2 clinical trial
Authors: Matthew J. Frigault, Jorg Dietrich, Kathleen Gallagher, Mark Roschewski, Justin T. Jordan, Deborah Forst, Scott R. Plotkin, Daniella Cook, Keagan S. Casey, Kevin A. Lindell, Gabriel D. Depinho, Katelin Katsis, Eva Lynn Elder, Mark B. Leick, Bryan Choi, Nora Horick, Frederic Preffer, Meredith Saylor, Steven McAfee, Paul V. O’Donnell, Thomas R. Spitzer, Bimalangshu Dey, Zachariah DeFilipp, Areej El-Jawahri, Tracy T. Batchelor, Marcela V. Maus, Yi-Bin Chen
Journal: Blood (2022)
Thyroglobulin in benign and malignant thyroid disease
Authors: P. L. Gerfo
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Thyroglobulin (TG) is a 19S glycoprotein produced by normal thyroids and almost all nonmedullary thyroid cancers. Radioimmunoassays measure serum levels of TG, and these levels are abnormally elevated in patients with metastatic thyroid cancer. Data from our study show that TG measurement is not effective in screening high-risk populations for thyroid cancer. Nevertheless, serum TG determinations are useful for assessing the presence and possibly the extent of residual or recurrent nonmedullary thyroid cancer in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy. (<i>JAMA</i>241:923-925, 1979)
Errata
Journal: BMJ (1846)

me of your return home, has prevented me writingtyou sooner, to state the grounds on which I promil to give one hundred pounds to the Bnkevolent Fund of the Provincial Medical Association.My wish and object in this act is to-encontige the establishment of a permanent fund for the relief of our necessitous professional brtbren, and, in as many cases as possible, also those who must inevitably be participators in their distrs and poverty.I therefore determined to make ita eis qua non principle, that this sum should be iwestd in some approved security, and that the interest
LARGE FEE SECURED BY MORAL VIOLENCE.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE DIET OF THE PRECIBICULTURISTS
Authors: H. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1905)

tributes a study iof the connexion between age and severity of disease in small-pox;*,884 unvaccinated cases of this disease are claesified according to the type and severity of the eruption, and the conclusion is reached on this basis that small-pox (irrespective of the disturbing influence of vaccina- tion) among children under io has a tendency to be of a mild type, whereas small-pox over Io years of age tends to assume a severer type.Dr. Turner himself shows, however, in a subsequent table that ' if we judge the severity of-diseaee from the death-rate we get quite a differentresult."Parenthetically we may mention that throughout this report the word " death- rate" is employed when case-mortality-that is, atality-As indicated.It would conduce to lucidity if these words were employed in a differentiated manner.Return-ing to Dr. Turner's paper, it is difficalt to understand how small-pox can ,be less severe among children under 5, and yet the fatality among such children is higher than at most other periods of life.We should be better satisfied that the higher fatality of small-pox among children under 5 is " due to the low vitality of young children" if this higher fatality were found to be confined to the first year of life.Dr. Goodall has a very important note bearing on the origin of "return cases" of scarlet fever.In this note he shows that of i,ooo consecutive cases of scarlet fever 26.o per cent.*ere the subject of some complication on admission, 31.1 per cent.developed complications after admission, though one- third of the latter had one or more complications oan-admis- sion, others developing later.These figures obviously do not lend any support to the suggestion that the complications of scarlet fever are communicable.Dr. Gaiger has also a note of an interesting comparison between the incidence in the South-Western Hospital of rhinorrhoea and otorrhoea in two wards, into one of which only simple and uncomplicated cases of scarlet fever were admitted, while into the other all cases were admitted with- out selection.So far as rhinorrhoea is concerned, the differences between the two series of cases are so slight that t can be definitely stated that the selection appears to have had no influence.In regard to otorrhoea, the ward for seleeted cases appears to show some superiority, but the number of cases is too small to enable any positive conclu- sions to be drawn, and it.is highly desirable that the -experi-.ment should be continued under rigid conditions as to com- parability of cases, especially as to age and sex.
Erratum
Journal: BMJ (1897)

r Queries, answers, and communications relating to subjects to whtfch ep ftal departments of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL are devoted wil be foniad under6 their respective headings.LAMP would be obliged if any member could recommend a lamp suitable for both microscopical and ophthalmic work.B. H. would be glad to know if there is any Institution to which he could fend a lady, a clergyman's widow, bedridden for 17 years (paraplegia).The relations coula pay ,so or ,66o per annum.RJB.S. would be glad to be 'informed of any institution where a lady of slender means, aged 38, who suffers from epilep'sy (eight years' duration) could be admitted.She is domesticated and can sew well, and would be willing to give her service and small payment in return.DAvos.-Twoladies of moderate means intend wintering at Davos Platz.Can any reader give information as to accommodation either at a boarding house or private lodging house; must not be expensive ?They would be glad for information as to how arrangements are made and probable cost.D. M. would be glad to know if any member has observed bad effects from jo small a dose of exalgin as xi grain.He gave a patient this dose for intense neuralgia, and within half an hour very unpleasant symptoms developed-cyanosis, slow gasping respirations, and marked polyuria.Also a sensation of numbness all over the body, and great muscular feeble- ness.Thepatient's friends were very naturally anxious to know what was
Breech Delivery
Authors: C. H. G. Macafee, H. I. McClure
Journal: BMJ (1937)

drine it is well to remember that this action is more marked (Hale-White, 1935) in those which have the ethyl group, C2H,, replaced by phenyl, CGH5; examples of this molecular construction are luminal, prominal, and nirvanol.It might be desirable in certain cases to combine a quick-acting sedative with one more slowly absorbed but having a more prolonged action.In this connexion it should be recalled that luminal sodium is incompatible with chloral hydrate or any salt of ammonium.Two disadvantages of barbiturates are (1) the occasional occurrence of idiosyncrasy, and (2) the narrow margin of safety with full doses.Mutch (1934) gives the following ratio M.L.D./M.Th.D.: for luminal, 1.3 ; barbitone, 1.6; soneryl, nembutal, and phanodorm, all 2.4; dial, 2.5; evipan, 5.Addiction to Benzedrine Recent publicity has given prominence to the fear that some may learn to partake too freely of benzedrine.But Guttmann and Sargant (1937) and Wilbur and others (1937) have shown that the ecstasies fade with repetition.It is the unstable neurotics who need to be kept from drugs of addiction.These unfortunates, being at discord with life, crave one thing above all others-oblivion.The fact that benzedrine robs them of sleep will quickly make it unpopular.Summary 1.The clinical effects of benzedrine (beta-phenyliso- propylamine) sulphate on twenty adults in normal health have been studied, with special reference to changes in pulse rate, blood pressure, and subjective sensations.2. One hundred cases of sea-sickness treated with benze- drine, alone or combined, are classified according to results.3. Benzedrine has great possibilities of usefulness in certain cases of sea-sickness in which there are signs of excessive vagus activity.My thanks are due to Sister Hilda M. Smith for much valuable help in collecting data for this paper.
37P Dysregulation of soluble immune checkpoint proteins in newly diagnosed early breast cancer patients
Authors: B.L. Rapoport, H. Steel, T. Smit, L. Heyman, A. Theron, N.N. Hlatswayo, L. Kwofie, L. Jooste, C.A. Benn, S. Nayler, R. Anderson
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
World tobacco conference resolutions abound
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

MORE THAN 1000 people representing 87 nations attended the Eighth World Conference on Tobacco OR Health. Says Jerie Jordan, editor of the American Cancer Society's<i>World Smoking and Health</i>and a member of the conference organizing committee: "It was the first time an international conference on smoking was held in a developing country. There was also a marked increase in participation by women. We consider these achievements extremely significant because developing countries and women have become major new markets for the tobacco industry." Among the resolutions adopted by the conference was one that calls on the United States to respect the sovereign rights of nations to protect the health of their people through tobacco-control legislation. (Please see accompanying article.) The resolution asks the US government to "give priority to human health over the profits of its tobacco companies in negotiating with Taiwan and other nations." The conference also adopted a
Prospective validation of urine based FGFR screening by Uromonitor within the real-world clinicopathological register trial BRIDGister.
Authors: Ralph M. Wirtz, Elke Veltrup, Hugo Prazeres, Carolina Dias, Roland Hake, Sebastian Eidt, Joao Vinagre, Jenny Roggisch, Stefan Koch, Thorsten Ecke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

471 Background: The objective of the present study was to prospectively evaluate FGFR mutation detetion in matched urine and tissue samples from patients suspicious of bladder cancer and undergoing first TURB within the framework of the BRIDGister RealWorld Experience trial. Methods: For this pilot study paraffin fixed pretreatment tissue samples from the first TURB of 48 pts participating in the BRIDGister trial and matched urine samples were prospectively collected and analyzed. RNA from FFPE tissues were extracted by commercial kits and analyzed by Therascreen FGFR IVD kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden). In addition urine samples were filtered at local urology and filters were shipped for central extraction of cellular DNA (Uromonitor, Porto). Concordance, Kruskal-Wallis, MannWhitney and Sensitivity/Specificity tests were analyzed by JMP 9.0.0 (SAS software). Results: The pilote cohort of the BRIDGister trial consisted of 47 patients (median age: 77, male 65% vs female 35%) of diverse clinical stages (benign lesions/no tumor 38%, pTa 23%, pT1 20%, pT2 19%) and WHO 1973 grade (G1 11%, G2 43%, G3 23%). Based on FFPE tissue testing using Therascreen FGFR IVD kit 10 out of 47 patients exhibited FGFR alterations (25%), while urine filtering for cellular components and subsequent PCR testing revealed 13 out of 40 matched urine sampels were FGFR positive (33%). Comparison with tissue testing as probable gold standard revealed 100% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 77% PPV, 100% NPV as well as high concordance (kappa 0,82, p &lt; 0,0001). There were 3 patients being FGFR positive for Uromonitor from urine with no mutation found in the corresponding TUR biopsy. Conclusions: Filtering urine for cells and subsequent DNA extraction followed by PCR detection results in highly sensitive mutation testing being feasible with good concordance to matched tissue testing. Prospective testing validated the diagnostic accuracy of the Uromonitor FGFR test in a real world setting.
Fracture Healing in the Setting of Endocrine Diseases, Aging, and Cellular Senescence
Authors: Dominik Saul, Sundeep Khosla
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2022)

Abstract More than 2.1 million age-related fractures occur in the United States annually, resulting in an immense socioeconomic burden. Importantly, the age-related deterioration of bone structure is associated with impaired bone healing. Fracture healing is a dynamic process which can be divided into four stages. While the initial hematoma generates an inflammatory environment in which mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages orchestrate the framework for repair, angiogenesis and cartilage formation mark the second healing period. In the central region, endochondral ossification favors soft callus development while next to the fractured bony ends, intramembranous ossification directly forms woven bone. The third stage is characterized by removal and calcification of the endochondral cartilage. Finally, the chronic remodeling phase concludes the healing process. Impaired fracture healing due to aging is related to detrimental changes at the cellular level. Macrophages, osteocytes, and chondrocytes express markers of senescence, leading to reduced self-renewal and proliferative capacity. A prolonged phase of “inflammaging” results in an extended remodeling phase, characterized by a senescent microenvironment and deteriorating healing capacity. Although there is evidence that in the setting of injury, at least in some tissues, senescent cells may play a beneficial role in facilitating tissue repair, recent data demonstrate that clearing senescent cells enhances fracture repair. In this review, we summarize the physiological as well as pathological processes during fracture healing in endocrine disease and aging in order to establish a broad understanding of the biomechanical as well as molecular mechanisms involved in bone repair.
IRONMAN: The international registry for men with advanced prostate cancer.
Authors: Daniel J. George, Lorelei A Mucci, Philip W. Kantoff, Paul Villanti, Jake Vinson, Travis A. Gerke, Terry Hyslop, Emily Rencsok
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

TPS190 Background: Men with advanced prostate cancer (APC) experience high mortality and severely impacted quality of life due to the disease itself as well as its therapies, with Black men facing the highest disease burden. The treatment landscape for APC is rapidly changing; however, little is known about the real-life experience of men receiving new therapies. There is an urgent need to identify disparities in treatment patterns and outcomes in advanced disease, based on patient and country demographics. The International Registry for Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer (IRONMAN) is uniquely equipped to meet these needs. Methods: IRONMAN is a population-based prospective cohort of men with newly diagnosed metastatic hormone-sensitive (mHSPC) and castration-resistant (CRPC) prostate cancer aiming to enroll 5,000 men across 16 countries (Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Brazil, Canada, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Nigeria, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Untied States). Patients are followed prospectively for overall survival, clinically significant adverse events, changes in cancer treatments, biomarkers, and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). Data is collected via longitudinal electronic questionnaires from patients and providers as well as blood samples and medical records. IRONMAN is currently enrolling in 10 countries at 103 sites. Sites were selected to create a diverse cohort across race/ethnicity, rural/urban populations, socioeconomic factors, and geographic regions. Of the first 1,865 men enrolled to date, 60% have mHSPC and 40% have CRPC; overall, 9% of men (18% in the US) self-identify as Black and 82% identify as white (78% in the US). 60% (N = 1,111) of this cohort has been enrolled outside of the US, and the median age at study entry is 70 years. The distribution and demographics of patients are continuously monitored to inform ongoing enrollment efforts. The IRONMAN Diversity Working Group meets monthly to discuss barriers and strategies to enhance enrollment of a racially and ethnically diverse population. The Low- and Middle-Income Country Working Group addresses the unique needs of men being recruited from the Caribbean and African sites in addition to supporting broad oncology efforts in these regions. These efforts support IRONMAN’s larger goal to investigate disparities in the care of patients with APC, having potential implications for decreasing racial disparities in survival outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT03151629.