tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Covid-19: Universities may need to test students every three days to prevent major outbreaks, say researchers
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The emergence of more transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2 may mean needing to test students every three days to prevent major outbreaks, researchers have said.

The government has advised universities to test students and staff twice a week when students who need practical or specialist facilities return to campuses from 8 March. But researchers from nine UK universities who modelled the effects of various interventions for controlling transmission said that twice weekly testing may not be enough, given the more transmissible Kent variant of the virus currently circulating in the UK.

“The emergence of more transmissible new variants results in impaired effectiveness of mass asymptomatic testing,” they wrote in a preprint. …
Abstract PO-062: Fully automated artificial intelligence based breast cancer scanning through transilluminated image acquisition for mass screening appliances
Authors: P. Ponram
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract Early detection of breast cancer is an effective tool in better management and treatment of the same. Mass screening is one of the available methods to detect early breast masses. Current technologies such as ultrasonography and mammography are golden standards of breast cancer detection. But these imaging modalities have several complexities when used for mass screening such as labor-intensive and cost. Hence a low-cost automated breast screening device is proposed in this project. A transillumination-based non-ionizing and non-radiating near-infrared optical wave are used for the transillumination of breast masses and their corresponding images will be acquired. The acquired images will be given to a deep learning artificial intelligence network for automated detection and classification of the tumor. The AI network will be pre-trained with double validated data with clinician expertise in the domain. The AI outcome will be displayed to the user and also taken as backpropagation feedback to the AI network to train the system further. This device shall be used as a system for mass screening applications from which suspected cases can e referred for mammography for final confirmation of tumor. The automated system shall be used in rural places with less skilled human intervention for mass public screening programs. This will reduce the disease burden on the huge women population vulnerable to the disease. Citation Format: P. Ponram. Fully automated artificial intelligence based breast cancer scanning through transilluminated image acquisition for mass screening appliances [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Diagnosis, and Imaging; 2021 Jan 13-14. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(5_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-062.
Microbiota‐Host Immunity Communication in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Bioengineering Challenges for In Vitro Modeling
Authors: Lucia Boeri, Simone Perottoni, Luca Izzo, Carmen Giordano, Diego Albani
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2021)

Abstract Human microbiota communicates with its host by secreting signaling metabolites, enzymes, or structural components. Its homeostasis strongly influences the modulation of human tissue barriers and immune system. Dysbiosis‐induced peripheral immunity response can propagate bacterial and pro‐inflammatory signals to the whole body, including the brain. This immune‐mediated communication may contribute to several neurodegenerative disorders, as Alzheimer's disease. In fact, neurodegeneration is associated with dysbiosis and neuroinflammation. The interplay between the microbial communities and the brain is complex and bidirectional, and a great deal of interest is emerging to define the exact mechanisms. This review focuses on microbiota‐immunity‐central nervous system (CNS) communication and shows how gut and oral microbiota populations trigger immune cells, propagating inflammation from the periphery to the cerebral parenchyma, thus contributing to the onset and progression of neurodegeneration. Moreover, an overview of the technological challenges with in vitro modeling of the microbiota‐immunity‐CNS axis, offering interesting technological hints about the most advanced solutions and current technologies is provided.
ER Stress in Cardiometabolic Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics
Authors: Amir Ajoolabady, Shuyi Wang, Guido Kroemer, Daniel J Klionsky, Vladimir N Uversky, James R Sowers, Hamid Aslkhodapasandhokmabad, Yaguang Bi, Junbo Ge, Jun Ren
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2021)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) hosts linear polypeptides and fosters natural folding of proteins through ER-residing chaperones and enzymes. Failure of the ER to align and compose proper protein architecture leads to accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins in the ER lumen, which disturbs ER homeostasis to provoke ER stress. Presence of ER stress initiates the cytoprotective unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER homeostasis or instigates a rather maladaptive UPR to promote cell death. Although a wide array of cellular processes such as persistent autophagy, dysregulated mitophagy, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines may contribute to the onset and progression of cardiometabolic diseases, it is well perceived that ER stress also evokes the onset and development of cardiometabolic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus, obesity, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Meanwhile, these pathological conditions further aggravate ER stress, creating a rather vicious cycle. Here in this review, we aimed at summarizing and updating the available information on ER stress in CVDs, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and CKD, hoping to offer novel insights for the management of these cardiometabolic comorbidities through regulation of ER stress.
Late adverse effects and quality of life in survivors of testicular germ cell tumour
Authors: Michal Chovanec, Jakob Lauritsen, Mikkel Bandak, Christoph Oing, Gry Gundgaard Kier, Michael Kreiberg, Josephine Rosenvilde, Thomas Wagner, Carsten Bokemeyer, Gedske Daugaard
Journal: Nature Reviews Urology (2021)
Incremental Benefits of Machine Learning—When Do We Need a Better Mousetrap?
Authors: Matthew M. Engelhard, Ann Marie Navar, Michael J. Pencina
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Sixty seconds on . . . flu
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Of course, although to be fair there isn’t much about right now. Neither Public Health England nor the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre (RCGP RSC) have detected a single case in England in 2021.

A very unusual one. Simon de Lusignan, GP, director of the RCGP RSC and professor of …
A phase II study to evaluate the effects of docetaxel plus lycopene in advanced castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Eric Zhuang, Edward M. Uchio, Michael B. Lilly, John P. Fruehauf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

77 Background: Lycopene, the carotenoid responsible for the red colors seen in tomatoes, grapefruit, and other foods, has demonstrated synergism with docetaxel in prostate cancer cell culture and tumor xenograft models. This phase II study investigated the clinical activity and safety profile of docetaxel plus lycopene in advanced castrate resistant prostate cancer. Methods: Eligible patients had histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate, two rising pre-study prostate specific antigen (PSA) values ≥ 1 ng/ml, and no prior treatment with any chemotherapy, biological therapy, or investigational drug. All patients initially received docetaxel 75mg/m 2 every 21 days in combination with lycopene 30 mg orally once daily. The primary endpoint was PSA response rate, defined as the proportion of subjects achieving a ≥ 50% reduction in PSA at any point after starting therapy. Secondary endpoints included median time to PSA progression, duration of response (DOR), and overall survival (OS). Results: Fourteen patients were screened, and thirteen patients were initiated on protocol therapy. Median age was 77 years (range 55-90). Twelve patients (92%) had bone metastases. Four patients (30%) had bone and visceral metastases. The PSA response rate was 76.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 46.2-94.9], comprising of ten PSA responses. Two patients had a best response of stable disease, yielding a disease control rate of 92% [95% CI, 57.2-98.2]. Median time to PSA progression was 8 months [95% CI, 3.5-8.7]. Median duration of response was 7.3 months [95% CI, 4.8-13.2]. On 5-year follow-up, median overall survival was 35.1 months [95% CI, 25.7-57.7]. The most frequently reported ( &gt; 15%) non-hematologic adverse events included diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, peripheral neuropathy, weight loss, fatigue, onycholysis, and alopecia. One patient (7%) experienced febrile neutropenia. No patients experienced grade 3 or above anemia. Conclusions: The combination of docetaxel with lycopene led to improved PSA response rate and tolerability in patients with advanced castrate resistant prostate cancer. Docetaxel plus lycopene merits further research in this patient population. Clinical trial information: NCT01882985.
Cold and COVID: recurrent pernio during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: E.E. Freeman, D.E. McMahon, J.B. Lipoff, M. Rosenbach, S.R. Desai, M. Fassett, L.E. French, H.W. Lim, G.J. Hruza, L.P. Fox
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

DEAR EDITOR, Pernio is a commonly reported cutaneous manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. 1Our international registry of COVID-19 dermatological manifestations has collected 1176 total cases of COVID-19 skin manifestations, including 619 cases of pernio in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. 1 Most patients with new-onset pernio were entered into the registry after the first pandemic wave (79% in March to May 2020).Starting in September 2020, the registry received reports of a subset of these patients who developed recurrent pernio in the following months.Herein, we present the cases of the first 18 patients with recurrent pernio in the COVID-19 dermatology registry.Patients with a prior pre-pandemic history of pernio were excluded.The registry was reviewed by the Partners Healthcare Institutional Review Board and was determined to not meet the definition of Human Subjects Research.These patients with recurrent pernio (n = 18) had a median age of 22 years [interquartile range (IQR) 16-37], were 72% male, and 83% white.Patients resided in the USA (n = 16) [Massachusetts (n = 7), California (n = 3), Pennsylvania (n = 2), New York (n = 1), Rhode Island (n = 1), Connecticut (n = 1) and Michigan (n = 1)], the Netherlands (n = 1) and the UK (n = 1).Patients were SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody positive (6%), antibodypositive only (11%), PCR-positive only (17%), close contacts
Nanospheres-paclitaxel-a novel biodegradable formulation as a potential anti-cancer agent
Authors: Murugesan Gounder, Larisa Sheihet, Jin-Liern Hong, David Devore, Eric Rubin, Joachim Kohn
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

5735  To improve the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel and to overcome the toxicities associated with Cremophor-paclitaxel (PTX), we developed a nanospheres-paclitaxel (Nano-PTX) system using a biodegradable, polymeric tyrosine-based triblock copolymer. The nanospheres are formed by the self-assembly of a symmetrical ABA-type amphiphilic triblock copolymer. The A-blocks are poly(ethylene glycol), and the hydrophobic B-blocks are oligomers of desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine alkyl esters and non-toxic diacids. These nanospheres form stable complexes with wide variety of hydrophobic therapeutic agents, including paclitaxel, and deliver them efficiently to cells. This system is intended to improve delivery of drugs to tumors while minimizing adverse side-effects. To test the efficacy and safety of Nano-PTX, in-vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo human breast cancer xenograft mouse models were evaluated. In vitro, at concentrations of 0.5-4 mg/ml, the nanospheres showed no significant growth inhibition of KB colon carcinoma cells. Similarly, no toxicity was evident in ICR mice treated at 5, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg doses of nanospheres on a 3 times weekly schedule. Nano-PTX exhibited anti-proliferative activity towards KB colon cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 4.2±0.1 ng/ml. The in vivo efficacy of Nano-PTX was assessed in Ncr nu/nu mice bearing subcutaneous MDA-MB-435 breast cancer xenografts. Nano-PTX was administered via tail vein injections using a dose of 15 mg/kg and a q2d x 5 administration schedule. As a control, Cremophor paclitaxel was administered to a separate group of xenograft-bearing mice using an identical dose and schedule. As assessed by body weight, there was little evidence of toxicity with either Nano-PTX or Cremophor-PTX at this dose level. As expected, treatment with Cremophor-PTX was associated with a significant decrease in tumor growth rate relative to saline-treated mice (p
Abstract 13450: Hybrid Arch Repair for Extended Arch and Descending Aortic Disease
Authors: Tomohiro Mizuno, Tatsuki Fujiwara, Hidehito Kuroki, Keiji Oi, Masafumi Yashima, Masashi Takeshita, Kiyotoshi Oishi, Toshihiro Kubo, Hirokuni Arai
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: For extended arch and thoracic descending aortic disease, open surgery is too invasive, but endovascular aortic arch repair with reconstruction of three arch vessels is still problema...
Pretherapeutic first-in-human targeting trial of anti-hK2 antibody h11B6: A potential molecular vector for alpha-particle radioimmunotherapy.
Authors: Michael J. Morris, Joseph A. O' Donoghue, Dushen Chetty, Steven Max, Danielle Wanik, Mike Russell, Tenzin Nyima, Anjali Narayan Avadhani, Chaitanya R Divgi, Neeta Pandit-Taskar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

122 Background: Radioligand therapy for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has focused to date on targeting prostate specific membrane antigen, an approach associated with salivary gland toxicity and variable lesion expression. New targets are needed. Human kallikrein-2 (hK2) is overexpressed in most prostate cancer, with minimal normal tissue expression or serum secretion. Humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) h11B6 exclusively targets hK2 in pre-clinical studies. This phase 0 study (NCT04116164) is a first-in-human trial of [ 111 In]-DOTA-h11B6 to determine the hk2-targeting potential of h11B6. Objective: The purpose of this ongoing protocol is to characterize the biodistribution of [ 111 In]-DOTA-h11B6 and determine a suitable mAb mass that targets mCRPC with minimal non-tumor targeting. Methods: Patients with progressive mCRPC were enrolled. A single slow bolus infusion of 2 mg [111In]-DOTA-h11B6 (nominally 185 MBq [111In]), was administered IV with or without 8 mg h11B6. Patients were observed for adverse events (AE) for at least 2 weeks. Serial gamma camera imaging including at least one SPECT/CT scan was performed up to 8 days post-administration. Serial blood samples were obtained over 2 weeks to determine serum radioactivity and h11B6 protein levels. Dosimetry for normal organs was estimated using OLINDA-EXM. Results: Results for the first 6 patients are summarized in Table. Treatment was tolerated in all patients with no AEs and no evidence of enhanced accumulation in any organ including salivary glands. Initial volume of distribution appeared confined to the vascular compartment. Slow clearance of radioactivity from the vascular compartment was observed with gradual targeting to skeletal and non-skeletal lesions in all patients. Conclusions: h11B6 is a novel mAb that targets hK2, localizes to bone and soft tissue metastases, has no significant normal tissue uptake, and spares salivary glands. An IND for a phase I therapeutic study using [225Ac] has been secured. Clinical trial information: NCT04116164. [Table: see text]
Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection
Authors: Jianmin Zuo, Alexander C. Dowell, Hayden Pearce, Kriti Verma, Heather M. Long, Jusnara Begum, Felicity Aiano, Zahin Amin-Chowdhury, Katja Hoschler, Tim Brooks, Stephen Taylor, Jacqueline Hewson, Bassam Hallis, Lorrain Stapley, Ray Borrow, Ezra Linley, Shazaad Ahmad, Ben Parker, Alex Horsley, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Kevin Brown, Mary E. Ramsay, Shamez Ladhani, Paul Moss
Journal: Nature Immunology (2021)
Sub-urothelial durvalumab injection-1 (SUBDUE-1): A novel approach to immunotherapy for bladder cancer.
Authors: Pravin Viswambaram, Andrew Moe, Elizabeth Chien Hern Liow, Andrew David Redfern, Nicole Swarbrick, Tom Ferguson, Ian D. Davis, Dickon Hayne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

TPS503 Background: Bladder cancer progression may be influenced by the host immunological response to the tumour. Cells strongly associated with this immunological response include Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs). Several solid tumours, including bladder cancer can demonstrate good responses to systemic immuno-oncology (IO) agents, however, the efficacy of IO agents in localised bladder carcinoma remains less clear, although numerous trials are underway. One such IO agent is durvalumab, an antibody against the immune checkpoint protein programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The sub-urothelial administration of immune therapeutic agents has not been reported. This method of administrating other agents such as Botulinum toxin has shown excellent feasibility and efficacy. Local delivery could have a number of therapeutic advantages and aligns more closely with the intra-vesical therapies commonly adopted in this clinical scenario. It remains unknown whether systemic effects (both beneficial and adverse) of PD-L1 blockade would be reduced by this mode of delivery. Our aim was to establish: a protocol for the sub-urothelial administration of durvalumab. the safety and tolerability of sub-urothelial administration of durvalumab to identify an appropriate dose for future phase II studies the local immunological efficacy of sub-urothelial administration of durvalumab by assessing the quantity and distribution of TILs and TAMs in pre- and post-administration biopsies Methods: This dose-finding Phase Ib trial is currently recruiting patients with invasive, high-grade bladder cancer (≥pT1) already scheduled for radical cystectomy. Cystoscopy under general anaesthesia and sub-urothelial injection of durvalumab will be performed a minimum of 2 weeks prior to cystectomy, utilising a 3+3 dose escalation design (25mg, 75mg, 150mg). The selected dose of durvalumab is diluted into 25mL of normal saline, and administered to the bladder using a 5Fr Bonee needle via 22Fr rigid cystoscope. PROMS, blood specimens, and tumour histopathology and immunohistochemistry at allocated times pre- and post-cystectomy are being collected for translational end-points. Analysis of safety and tolerability will be primarily descriptive in nature. This trial is registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000063910, funded by ANZUP Below the Belt and has been approved by the appropriate institutional HREC. To date, four patients have been recruited. This study has a two-year recruitment target and is expected to finish recruiting in 2022. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12620000063910.
Official ERS technical standard: Global Lung Function Initiative reference values for static lung volumes in individuals of European ancestry
Authors: Graham L. Hall, Nicole Filipow, Gregg Ruppel, Tolu Okitika, Bruce Thompson, Jane Kirkby, Irene Steenbruggen, Brendan G. Cooper, Sanja Stanojevic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

Background Measurement of lung volumes across the life course is critical to the diagnosis and management of lung disease. The aim of the study was to use the Global Lung Function Initiative methodology to develop all-age multi-ethnic reference equations for lung volume indices determined using body plethysmography and gas dilution techniques. Methods Static lung volume data from body plethysmography and gas dilution techniques from individual, healthy participants were collated. Reference equations were derived using the LMS (lambda-mu-sigma) method and the generalised additive models of location shape and scale programme in R. The impact of measurement technique, equipment type and being overweight or obese on the derived lung volume reference ranges was assessed. Results Data from 17 centres were submitted and reference equations were derived from 7190 observations from participants of European ancestry between the ages of 5 and 80 years. Data from non-European ancestry populations were insufficient to develop multi-ethnic equations. Measurements of functional residual capacity (FRC) collected using plethysmography and dilution techniques showed physiologically insignificant differences and were combined. Sex-specific reference equations including height and age were developed for total lung capacity (TLC), FRC, residual volume (RV), inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume and RV/TLC. The derived equations were similar to previously published equations for FRC and TLC, with closer agreement during childhood and adolescence than in adulthood. Conclusions Global Lung Function Initiative reference equations for lung volumes provide a generalisable standard for reporting and interpretation of lung volumes measurements in individuals of European ancestry.
34MO Outcomes according to FGFR alteration types in patients with a solid tumour treated by a pan-FGRF tyrosine kinase inhibitor in phase I/II trials
Authors: C.J. Pobel, F. Facchinetti, R. Bahleda, L. Verlingue, A. Gazzah, A. Varga, C. Baldini, S. Champiat, A. Marabelle, M. Ningarhari, A. Geraud, Y. Loriot, C. Massard, J-C. Soria, L. Friboulet, A. Hollebecque
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)