tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NON-COMBATANTS.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Emerging treatments for advanced cholangiocarcinoma: Addressing the knowledge gap.
Authors: Elizabeth J Heller, Keira A Smith, Kristin L Wright, Sarah L Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

484 Background: The identification of actionable genetic mutations for patients with cholangiocarcinoma has enabled more effective treatments for this condition, but research indicates that clinicians face challenges in maintaining a working knowledge of evolving data. This study was conducted to determine if an online, case-based continuing medical education (CME)/nursing continuing professional development (NCPD)–approved activity could identify and address gaps in clinicians’ knowledge regarding the individualized treatment of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: The activity, Emerging Treatment Strategies for Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma, chaired by Lipika Goyal, MD, was made accessible starting on May 24, 2021. Learners participated in a 1-hour activity that highlighted emerging therapeutic targets in cholangiocarcinoma, with an emphasis on novel therapies for advanced disease and strategies to monitor and manage treatment-related adverse events. Learners completed a repeated-pairs pre- and post-activity assessment consisting of case-based questions that gauged their ability to apply emerging data to clinical decision making. Knowledge gaps and learning gains were calculated based on percentages of learners obtaining correct responses on the pre- and post-activity assessments. Significance was assessed using a chi-squared test. Results: As of September 27, 2021, 224 clinicians had completed the activity for credit. Baseline assessment data revealed gaps in knowledge regarding emerging actionable targets and management of treatment related-adverse events. The activity resulted in significant gains in knowledge and competence related to these topics, with P &lt; 0.0001 for all learning gains. Conclusions: These data indicate that a substantial knowledge gap exists regarding the latest developments in cholangiocarcinoma treatment. They also demonstrate that online, case-based CME/NCPD-approved activities can result in statistically significant improvements in clinicians’ knowledge of therapeutic advances and management of treatment-related adverse events for patients with cholangiocarcinoma.[Table: see text]
Intermolecular Interactions Drive Protein Adaptive and Coadaptive Evolution at Both Species and Population Levels
Authors: Junhui Peng, Nicolas Svetec, Li Zhao
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Proteins are the building blocks for almost all the functions in cells. Understanding the molecular evolution of proteins and the forces that shape protein evolution is essential in understanding the basis of function and evolution. Previous studies have shown that adaptation frequently occurs at the protein surface, such as in genes involved in host-pathogen interactions. However, it remains unclear whether adaptive sites are distributed randomly or at regions associated with particular structural or functional characteristics across the genome, since many proteins lack structural or functional annotations. Here, we seek to tackle this question by combining large-scale bioinformatic prediction, structural analysis, phylogenetic inference, and population genomic analysis of Drosophila protein-coding genes. We found that protein sequence adaptation is more relevant to function-related rather than structure-related properties. Interestingly, intermolecular interactions contribute significantly to protein adaptation. We further showed that intermolecular interactions, such as physical interactions, may play a role in the coadaptation of fast-adaptive proteins. We found that strongly differentiated amino acids across geographic regions in protein-coding genes are mostly adaptive, which may contribute to the long-term adaptive evolution. This strongly indicates that a number of adaptive sites tend to be repeatedly mutated and selected throughout evolution in the past, present, and maybe future. Our results highlight the important roles of intermolecular interactions and coadaptation in the adaptive evolution of proteins both at the species and population levels.
TCT-754 Clinical and Left Ventricular Functional Outcomes Associated with Cardiac Biomarker Elevation after Transapical TAVR: A Sub-analysis from the PARTNER Trial
Authors: Jean-Michel Paradis, Hersh Maniar, John Lasala, Mathew Williams, Susheel Kodali, Brian R. Lindman, Marc R. Moon, Ralph Damiano, Tom McAndrew, Vinod Thourani, Vasilis Babaliaros, Lars Svensson, Martin Leon, Alan Zajarias
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Diverse facets of MDSC in different phases of chronic HBV infection: Impact on HBV‐specific T‐cell response and homing
Authors: Sourina Pal, Debangana Dey, Bidhan Chandra Chakraborty, Madhuparna Nandi, Mousumi Khatun, Soma Banerjee, Amal Santra, Ranajoy Ghosh, SK Mahiuddin Ahammed, Abhijit Chowdhury, Simanti Datta
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic HBV infection (CHI) is associated with a diverse natural history that includes immune‐tolerant (IT), HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (EP‐CHB), inactive carrier, and HBeAg‐negative CHB (EN‐CHB) phases. A hallmark of CHI is impairment of HBV‐specific T‐cell response. Recently, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as key regulator of T cells, and their properties are sculpted by their microenvironment. Here, we investigated the distinctive features of MDSCs during CHI, identified factors responsible for their functional discrepancies, and studied their impact on HBV‐specific T‐cell response and homing. Influence of antiviral therapy on MDSC profile and T‐cell response was also assessed. Approach and Results Flow cytometric analysis indicated that MDSCs in EP‐CHB/EN‐CHB patients had profound suppressive ability, expressing arginase 1 (Arg1)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1)/cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4)/CD40 at significantly greater levels relative to healthy controls (HC). However, in IT, only Arg1 + MDSCs and in inactive carrier, iNOS + and PD‐L1 + MDSCs were higher than HC. In vitro assays demonstrated that high HBsAg titer in IT/CHB induced Arg1 + MDSC. Furthermore, elevated serum TNF‐α and IL‐4 in CHB potentiated Arg1/PD‐L1/CD40/CTLA‐4 expression, whereas increased IL‐1β in CHB/IC triggered the expansion of PD‐L1 + MDSCs and iNOS + MDSCs. MDSCs, sorted from CHB/IC, greatly attenuated IL‐2/interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) production by HBV‐specific CD8 + /CD4 + T cells, the effect being more pronounced in CHB. However, MDSCs of IT minimally affected the cytokine production by T cells. Adding Arg1‐/iNOS‐inhibitor restored only IFN‐γ production, while neutralizing PD‐L1 recovered both IL‐2 and IFN‐γ secretion by T cells. Moreover, MDSCs from IT/CHB disrupted virus‐specific T‐cell trafficking by down‐regulating chemokine receptor type 5 on them via TGF‐β signaling. One year of tenofovir therapy failed to normalize MDSC phenotype and HBV‐specific T‐cell response. Conclusions Diversity of MDSCs during CHI affects HBV‐specific T‐cell response and homing. Hence, therapeutic targeting of MDSCs could boost anti‐HBV immunity.
Internet Anatomy 101&lt;subtitle&gt;Accessing Information on the World Wide Web&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Robert Sikorski
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A patient calls his physician to inquire about the risks of contracting malaria in the Caribbean. He tells the physician that he is planning a vacation in the Dominican Republic, but that a colleague has warned him that he could contract malaria there. He asks for advice. While still on the telephone with the patient, the physician uses her personal computer to connect to the Internet and navigates to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Travel Page on the World Wide Web (http://www.cdc.gov/travel/caribean.htm). The physician learns that malaria has been eradicated in all of the Caribbean islands except for Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Furthermore, the CDC reports, in the Dominican Republic, the risk is in rural areas but not in the island's tourist centers. The physician relates this information to the patient, who decides to stay in a resort hotel.
On Diction
Authors: Brian R. Smith
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Risk factors for short-term interval readmission after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: The merits of the home-health-care support over the readmission in gastric cancer.
Authors: Chul Hyo Jeon, Kyo Young Song
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

263 Background: Readmission that occurs within a short period after discharge of initial gastrectomy for gastric cancer may affect the patient's prognosis and adversely affect the overall treatment courses. Among the possible related factors, the Influence between postoperative home-health-care support and readmission has been studied in various diseases, but the relationship with gastric cancer patients was limited. The purpose of the study was to investigate the risk factors associated with readmission after gastrectomy and home-health-care support on readmission. Methods: A total of 2,605 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Chi-squared tests were performed to evaluate for potential risk factors for readmissions. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors, including home-health-care support. Results: Among 2,605 undergoing gastrectomy, 134 (5.18%) had suffered unplanned readmission within postoperative 60-days (0̃50days). There was no significant annual difference in the postoperative length of hospital stay and the proportions of the home-health-care support during the study period, but the readmission rate decreased significantly by 0.646% annually from 7.88% in 2013 to 1.22% in 2020 (P = 0.023). The readmission group had a higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, a significantly higher rate of open and total gastrectomy, and a higher rate of postoperative complications and severe postoperative complications (C-D grade≥3a). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the occurrence of severe postoperative complications (odds ratio (OR) 9.306, p &lt; 0.001) and the presence of home-health-care support (OR 1.725, p = 0.009) were independently associated with readmission. However, age, sex, ECOG, preoperative body mass index, preoperative comorbidity including cardiovascular comorbidity, surgery-related factors, and the disease severity had no significant effect on readmission. Among the significant factors, home-health-care support showed the effect of reducing the time span between the index discharge and readmission (p = 0.049) and the length of the second hospitalization (p = 0.029). Conclusions: Readmission after radical gastrectomy is affected by various factors. Among them, home-health-care support has the merits of reducing the length of hospital stay for readmission by identifying patients in need of hospitalization at an early stage through direct face-to-face contact with the patient. It is necessary to establish an appropriate strategy to improve the quality of postoperative courses for high-risk patients of readmission.
Parallel systolic and diastolic function abnormalities in hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy with normal doppler mitral inflow: Insights from doppler tissue imaging Craig S. Vinch, Jeffrey C. Hill, Theo E. Meyer, William H. Gaasch, Gerard P. Aurigemma. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by nonscarring alopecia, possibly of autoimmune cause.In this retrospective cross-sectional study, Huang et al demonstrate a high prevalence of comorbidities, including autoimmune diagnoses, such as thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.Atopy, psychiatric conditions, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and gastroesophageal reflux disease were also seen at high prevalence, suggesting that physicians caring for patients with AA should consider screening for these comorbid conditions.
ADA/EASD Precision Medicine in Diabetes Initiative: An International Perspective and Future Vision for Precision Medicine in Diabetes
Authors: John J. Nolan, Anna R. Kahkoska, Zhila Semnani-Azad, Marie-France Hivert, Linong Ji, Viswanathan Mohan, Robert H. Eckel, Louis H. Philipson, Stephen S. Rich, Chandra Gruber, Paul W. Franks
Journal: Diabetes Care (2022)
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) for the appropriateness of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with a coronary stenosis but without proof of ischemia. Two-year follow-up of the prospective randomized DEFER study G. Jan Willem Bech, Bernard De Bruyne, Nico H. J. Pijls, Ebo de Muinck, Jan C. A. Hoorntje, Javier Escaned, Pieter R. Stella, Eric Boersma, Jozef Bartunek, Jacques J. Koolen, William Wijns. Catharina Hospital/Technical University, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, …
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning—Weld County, Colorado, 1993
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In March 1993, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) was notified that six family members residing in a home in Weld County had suffered carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning; five of the persons died. An investigation indicated that the source of CO had been a van parked in the garage of the home; the van had been left running, and the exhaust fumes leaked into the home. This report summarizes the investigation of this incident.
Is there a difference in the mechanisms of lumen enlargement with direct stenting as compared to stenting with predilatation? A three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound analysis Gerard Finet, Neil J. Weissman, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Marco T. Castagna, Augusto D. Pichard. Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
1148-219 Microvolt T-wave alternans as a predictor of ventricular tachyarrhythmias: A prospective study using atrial pacing
Authors: Kaoru Tanno, Norikazu Watanabe, Shunsho Ryu, Yoshino Minoura, Mitsuharu Kawamura, Taku Asano, Youichi Kobayashi, Takashi Katagiri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
How can we learn more about scabies worldwide?
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Scabies is very common throughout the world.It is caused by a parasitic mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var.hominis, which burrows into the skin and causes intense itching.It is spread by skin-to-skin contact.Children are especially affected.Severe itching can lead to sleep deprivation, impaired concentration, time off school or work, and economic hardship.In low income areas of the world, secondary bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes is common.This leads to boils and abscesses, and streptococcal infection can even lead to kidney failure and heart valve disease.The authors, based in the UK and Australia, reviewed what is known about the prevalence of scabies, how it is spread, and approaches to disease control.In 2012, the International Alliance for Control of Scabies (IACS) was established, with the aim of identifying priorities and supporting research into diagnosis and treatment.
Are two too many when it comes to the treatment of anal canal cancer with concurrent radiation and mitomycin C?
Authors: Zainab Al Habsi, Aswin George Abraham, Mustafa Al Balushi, Gabriella Tankel, Karen E. Mulder, Heather Warkentin, Dan E. Schiller, Keith Tankel, Nawaid Usmani, Diane Severin, Kim Paulson, Hatim Karachiwala, Clarence K. W. Wong, Tirath Nijjar, Kurian Joseph
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

3 Background: Concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) with 2 doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C (MMC) is the standard of care for anal canal cancer (ACC) in North America while 1 dose of MMC is an acceptable practice. Given the lack of randomized data of 1 vs 2 doses of MMC on disease outcomes, we have conducted a population-based study to elucidate the impact of 1 vs. 2 doses of MMC on patterns of treatment failure (POF) and outcomes in ACC treatment. Zainab Al Habsi, Aswin Abraham, Mustafa Al Balushi, Gabriella Tankel, Karen Mulder, Heather Warkentin, Dan Schiller, Keith Tankel, Nawaid Usmani, Diane Severin, Kim Paulson, Hatim Karachiwala, Clarence Wong, Tirath Nijjar, Kurian Joseph. Methods: Data was collected from the provincial cancer registry of patients with stage I-III ACC who were treated with concurrent CRT from 2000 to 2018. Recurrence free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and ACC specific survival were calculated. Results: 428 patients with a median age of 58 years (29-88 years) were included in this analysis. 234 (54.7%) patients received 1 dose of MMC and 194 (45.3%) received 2 doses of MMC. At a median follow-up of 78.5 months (5-252 months), 89 (20.8%) patients developed disease recurrence: 44 (10.3%) loco-regionally, 39 (9.1%) distally and 6 (1.4%) had both local and distant recurrences. Cox Regression analysis showed that the dosage of MMC did not have an impact on overall recurrence (HR = 0.883, p = 0.561), whereas stage III was associated with increased risk for recurrence (HR = 5.238, p = 0.021). Subgroup analysis showed an association of stage IIIb and IIIc with recurrence (HR = 13.33, p = 0.008 and HR = 6.933, p = 0.011 respectively), but was not impacted by the use of 1 vs. 2 doses of MMC. The dosage of MMC did not show any association with local recurrence (HR = 1.136, p = 0.655) or distant recurrence (HR = 0.743, p = 0.267). However, in Stage IIIc patients, 2 doses of MMC showed a trend towards improved distant RFS (HR = 0.626,p = 0.084). Conclusions: Our analysis showed that the patterns of failure and the risk of loco-regional and distant failures were similar between patients who received 1 vs. 2 doses of MMC for stage groups I to IIIc. These finding support routine use of single dose of MMC along with 5FU and radiotherapy for definite chemoradiation. However, a trend towards better RFS was demonstrated with a second dose of MMC in patients with stage IIIc disease.
Addition of Video Titles
Authors: Simone Birnbaum, Raphaël Porcher, Tarek Sharshar
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

neurologists treating patients with MG.According to a recent systematic review, 2 there is insufficient evidence to conclude that high-dose corticotherapy increases exacerbation in MG.Furthermore, our study 1 demonstrated that high-dose corticosteroids can be prescribed in MG without significant deterioration.With respect to the second point raised by Akamine et al, we did not evaluate quality of life.At the time our protocol was designed, the French version of the 15-item Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life Scale 3 was not yet available.To evaluate the functional outcomes of MG, we used the Myasthenia Gravis Activities Of Daily Living score, which was slightly higher in the rapid-tapering arm (means [SDs], 1.5 [2.2] vs 1.1 [2.6]) at 12 months.However, we do not believe this to be clinically meaningful.The tapering of corticotherapy in both groups achieved MG stability that was comparable at 12 and 15 months; however, our study 1 demonstrates that this can be obtained with smaller doses of corticosteroids (per our Table 2), as highlighted by Akamine et al.As also pointed out by Akamine et al, reducing the cumulative dose of corticosteroids, when possible, is preferable for individuals with MG.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Irritable Bowel SyndromeI rritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal (digestive) problem that affects up to 15% of adults (during their lifetimes) in developed countries.Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder, meaning that tests do not reveal a cause in the structure of the bowel such as an obstruction or a tumor.Irritable bowel syndrome is completely different from Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis, which are inflammatory diseases of the intestine.Having IBS does not increase the risk of developing colon cancer.Gastroenterologists (doctors with specialized training in treating disorders of the bowel and other digestive organs) may be consulted to help diagnose and treat IBS.The August 18, 2004, issue of JAMA includes an article about IBS that reviews evidence that IBS may be related to abnormal fermentation (chemical breakdown) of food by bacteria inside the bowel.