tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and microbiological investigation of a large outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- in schools associated with imported beef in Poitiers, France, October 2010
Authors: M E Raguenaud, S Le Hello, S Salah, F  X Weill, A Brisabois, G Delmas, P Germonneau
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

An outbreak due to the emerging monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- occurred in four schools in Poitiers in October 2010. Food trace-back investigation led to the identification of beef burgers as the cause of the outbreak and their subsequent withdrawal. The Institute for Public Health Surveillance conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation to assess the extent of the outbreak and describe cases. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by students and personnel attending each of the four schools affected. Clinical cases were defined as anyone having eaten at the school when the beef burgers were served and reporting diarrhoea or fever with at least one digestive symptom (nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain), within five days after the incriminated school meal or with unknown date of onset within a 15-day period after the incriminated school meal. Of 1,559 persons exposed, 554 clinical cases were identified corresponding to an overall attack rate of 35.5%. Of 554 clinical cases, a total of 286 (53%) sought medical care and 31 (6%) were hospitalised for more than 24 hours. This multi-school outbreak is one of the biggest food-borne outbreaks of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- described in France. Prompt notification of cases and rapid identification and withdrawal of the incriminated batch of beef burgers was crucial to limit the extension of this outbreak.
Theatre: Science and art mix creates animal magic
Authors: Balaji Ravichandran
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The term “science play” might make many teenagers wince. But Judith Johnson's Every Breath—a science play targeted at teenagers—is likely to do just the opposite, despite dealing with a topic as delicate as the ethical dimensions surrounding the use of animals for biomedical research.

Sonny, an 18 year old with asthma, is a fervent opponent of medical research involving animals. His 21 year old sister, Anita, a scientist, is set to join a new animal research centre in their town, against which Sonny has planned to protest. Sonny also informs his sister that he plans to boycott any medication that was tested on animals, including his inhaler.

Against the backdrop of a possible relationship between their mother and an ageing former punk, an emotional argument between brother and sister about animal research—in the context of their father's death from leukaemia—incites a severe asthma attack in Sonny. His inhaler absent, he becomes unconscious, and is admitted to a hospital. We are then taken through many arguments for and against the involvement of animals, in various scenarios, as Sonny finally agrees to use his inhaler in emergencies.

The play touches on several controversies surrounding animal experimentation. The fundamental difference of opinion between Sonny and Anita lies in Sonny's belief that a human life is not, in any way, superior to that of an animal, and that every animal has the right to live, without being subject to undue human intervention. Anita's stand is clear—knowledge is power, and knowledge gained through animals saves millions of human lives each year. At one point she expresses her own discomfort at the suffering of animals, but concedes that scientists are aware of the problem, and usually make the experimentation as painless to the animals as possible.

Every Breath was well acted. But while the character of Sonny is likely to leave a lasting impression, Anita is portrayed as a typical, if not a stereotypical and cliched, sceptical scientist. The playwright, however, has not tipped the balance in favour of or against the use of animal testing in biomedical research. Nor has she sacrificed the art of storytelling in her focus on a scientific debate. Overall, this was an excellent blend of science and art.

The play has already completed a six week tour in several London schools, and a nationwide tour is set to begin with this year's Edinburgh festival.
Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition in Conscious Sodium-Depleted Dogs
Authors: Chang-Seng Liang, Haralambos Gavras, William B. Hood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of the systemic and coronary circulations during sodium depletion was studied in conscious normotensive dogs by i.v. administration of teprotide (0.5 mg/kg), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and saralasin (0.05-5 μg/kg per min), an angiotensin-receptor antagonist. Sodium depletion was produced by administering a low sodium diet and furosemide for 5 days. Administration of both teprotide and saralasin lowered systemic arterial blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance. Simultaneously, cardiac output increased, but left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, dP/dt, and dP/dt/P did not change significantly. Furthermore, both agents reduced diastolic coronary vascular resistance and increased coronary blood flow, but did not affect myocardial oxygen consumption, left ventricular work, or myocardial efficiency. These systemic and coronary vasodilator effects of teprotide and saralasin, however, were not observed in normal dogs on a regular sodium diet; in this group, the only effect noted was a slight increase in arterial pressure during saralasin infusion. Arterial plasma concentration of norepinephrine did not differ between normal and sodiumdepleted dogs, nor did it change significantly after teprotide administration. These results suggest that, during salt depletion, angiotensin II exerts an active vasoconstrictor action on the systemic and coronary vessels, but has no significant effects on myocardial contractility or energetics. It also appears likely that the increase in cardiac output observed in sodiumdepleted dogs after angiotensin inhibition was caused, at least in part, by the decrease in systemic arterial pressure.
Working in other countries
Authors: K. J Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Drug use has declined among teenagers in United KingdomEditor-During 1995 a survey of illicit drug use was conducted among teenagers in Europe.The United Kingdom and 22 other countries participated. 1 2British teenagers reported the highest rates of drug use.The survey was repeated in 1999.The population sampled in 1999 consisted of 15 and 16 year old students attending state and private schools in the United Kingdom.Information was elicited from 1280 boys and 1361 girls in 223 schools.A third of girls and 39.5% of boys had used illicit drugs.A total of 36.5% had used cannabis.Glues and solvents had been used by 18.6%, lysergide by 5.2%, amphetamines by 8.9%, and ecstasy (methylenedioxymethamphetamine) by 5.0% (tables 1 and 2).There were several regional variations.Students in Scotland were more likely than others to have used cannabis, any illicit drug, and amphetamines.Respondents in Scotland and Northern Ireland were more likely than others to have used ecstasy and heroin.Those in Northern Ireland reported the greatest use of glues and solvents.Most forms of drug use had declined since 1995.Girls showed significant reductions in their use of cannabis, any illicit drug, solvents, lysergide, amphetamines, "pills" combined with alcohol, ecstasy, and tranquillisers.Among boys the significant falls were in cannabis, any illicit drug, solvents, lysergide, amphetamines, "pills" combined with alcohol, ecstasy, and crack cocaine.The only exception to this trend was heroin, whose use, though still rare, had risen in both sexes.These reductions may be temporary, but they are striking.
c-Kit+ progenitors generate vascular cells for tissue-engineered grafts through modulation of the Wnt/Klf4 pathway
Authors: Paola Campagnolo, Tsung-Neng Tsai, Xuechong Hong, John Paul Kirton, Po-Wah So, Andriana Margariti, Elisabetta Di Bernardini, Mei Mei Wong, Yanhua Hu, Molly M. Stevens, Qingbo Xu
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)

The development of decellularised scaffolds for small diameter vascular grafts is hampered by their limited patency, due to the lack of luminal cell coverage by endothelial cells (EC) and to the low tone of the vessel due to absence of a contractile smooth muscle cells (SMC). In this study, we identify a population of vascular progenitor c-Kit+/Sca-1- cells available in large numbers and derived from immuno-privileged embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We also define an efficient and controlled differentiation protocol yielding fully to differentiated ECs and SMCs in sufficient numbers to allow the repopulation of a tissue engineered vascular graft. When seeded ex vivo on a decellularised vessel, c-Kit+/Sca-1-derived cells recapitulated the native vessel structure and upon in vivo implantation in the mouse, markedly reduced neointima formation and mortality, restoring functional vascularisation. We showed that Krüppel-like transcription factor 4 (Klf4) regulates the choice of differentiation pathway of these cells through β-catenin activation and was itself regulated by the canonical Wnt pathway activator lithium chloride. Our data show that ESC-derived c-Kit+/Sca-1-cells can be differentiated through a Klf4/β-catenin dependent pathway and are a suitable source of vascular progenitors for the creation of superior tissue-engineered vessels from decellularised scaffolds.
Results Of The Randomised Phase II NCRI Arctic (Attenuated dose Rituximab with ChemoTherapy In CLL) Trial Of Low Dose Rituximab In Previously Untreated CLL
Authors: Peter Hillmen, Donald Milligan, Anna Schuh, Lucy McParland, Anna Chalmers, Tahla Munir, Abraham M Varghese, Andy C Rawstron, David J Allsup, Scott Marshall, Alex Smith, Corinne Collett, Walter Gregory, Andrew Duncombe, Dena Cohen
Journal: Blood (2013)
Ethical Debate: Legal issues
Authors: P. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

It is well established in law that people should have sovereignty over their bodies: “The fundamental principle, plain and incontestable, is that every person's body is inviolate.”1 Thus, simply laying a hand on another person without his or her consent may result in an action for battery. A health care practitioner is therefore under a duty to obtain a patient's consent before any treatment commences. Furthermore, any competent adult may refuse to give such consent, however beneficial or necessary the treatment may be: “An adult whose mental capacity is unimpaired has the right to decide for herself whether she will or will not receive medical or surgical treatment, even in circumstances where she is likely or even certain to die in the absence of treatment.”2

The legal …
1097 Home characteristics and levels of endotoxin, ?(1,3), glucan, and fungal polysaccharide antigen in house dust in the PIAMA study
Authors: RT van Strien, G Doekes, J Douwes, LP Koopman, Marjan Kerkhof, RC Aalberse, B Brunekreef
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Reply
Authors: William T. Abraham, Sanjeev Aggarwal, Sumanth D. Prabhu, Renzo Cecere, Salpy V. Pamboukian, Alan J. Bank, Benjamin Sun, Walter E. Pae, Christopher S. Hayward, Patrick M. McCarthy, William S. Peters, Patrick Verta, Mark S. Slaughter
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)
A CASE OF AGRANULOCYTOSIS OCCURRING DURING THE COURSE OF PENICILLIN THERAPY
Authors: D M SPAIN, T B CLARK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1946)

Case Reports1 October 1946A CASE OF AGRANULOCYTOSIS OCCURRING DURING THE COURSE OF PENICILLIN THERAPYDAVID M. SPAIN, M. D., THOMAS B. CLARK, M. D.DAVID M. SPAIN, M. D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS B. CLARK, M. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-25-4-732 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAs yet, there have been no reports of the occurrence of agranulocytosis resulting from the use of penicillin. As a matter of fact, penicillin is one of the most frequently used therapeutic agents in agranulocytosis in order to prevent or to combat the associated infection. The following case, although not conclusive, suggested that on rare occasions penicillin may produce agranulocytosis.CASE REPORTThe patient, a 54 year old white male, was admitted on October 12, 1945, to the First Surgical Division of Bellevue Hospital with the complaint of abdominal pain of rive days' duration. He presented the classical symptoms and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication April 30, 1946.From the Laboratories of Pathology, Bellevue Hospital, and First Surgical Division (Columbia University). PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIntravenously administered cloxacillin-induced neutropenia with eosinophilia in a patient with infective endocarditis: a case reportPiperacillin-Tazobactam–Induced Neutropenia and FeverNon-Chemotherapy-Induced Agranulocytosis Detected by a Prospective Pharmacovigilance Program in a Tertiary HospitalPENICILLINNeutropenia secundaria a betalactámicos. Una vieja compañera olvidadaNeutropenia Associated with Cloxacillin and Other Semisynthetic Penicillins in ChildrenNeutropenia Associated with Mezlocillin and PiperacillinAmpicillin and Hematologic EffectsGEORGE S. HUGHES JR., M.D.Penicillins and CephalosporinsHypoprothrombinemia Associated with Moxalactam Treatment of a Septic Sternoclavicular Arthritis Due to Citrobacter DiversusTHE SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF PENICILLIN ALLERGYThe effect of penicillin on the blood systemAntibiotikaComplications of antibiotic therapyALLERGY, ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTICSHemocytopenic Reactions to Modern DrugsHEMOLYTIC ANEMIA SECONDARY TO MESANTOIN*ISIDORE SNAPPER, DOROTHY MARKS, LAWRENCE SCHWARTZ, LESTER HOLLANDER, F.A.C.P.Serum-Sickness Type of Penicillin ReactionsSyphilis 1 October 1946Volume 25, Issue 4Page: 732-733KeywordsAbdominal painPenicillin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1946 PDF downloadLoading ...
Correction of Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase Deficiency (Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria) in Epstein-Barr Virus-Transformed B-Cell Lines by Retrovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer: Fluorescence-Based Selection of Transduced Cells
Authors: Antonio Fontanellas, Frédéric Mazurier, François Moreau-Gaudry, Francis Belloc, Cécile Ged, Hubert de Verneuil
Journal: Blood (1999)
Duration of Androgen Deprivation Therapy Influences Outcomes for Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy Following Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: William C. Jackson, Matthew J. Schipper, Skyler B. Johnson, Corey Foster, Darren Li, Howard M. Sandler, Ganesh S. Palapattu, Daniel A. Hamstra, Felix Y. Feng
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Surface tension, metabolic activity, and lipid composition of alveolar cells in washings from normal dog lungs and after pulmonary artery ligation
Authors: Sami I. Said, William R. Harlan, George W. Burke, Charles M. Elliott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Lung-washings from mammalian species are a rich source of surfactant and of cells, predominantly alveolar macrophages, that could be important in the metabolism of the surfactant. We obtained washings from normal dogs, and from dogs that had had one pulmonary artery (PA) ligated 1 or 2 days earlier. Centrifugation of wash (400 x g for 20 min) separated a sediment, made up of cells at the bottom and a white layer, largely acellular, from the supernatant. The volume of sediment averaged 2.1 +/- 1.4 ml,. 75% of which was white layer. The cells resembled the large alveolar (type II) cells found in the lung; however they differed by at least one major histochemical reaction. The white layer had greater surface activity than the cells or the supernate, and was richest in phospholipids and lecithin. The cells lost their surface activity when rinsed and resuspended. These observations suggest that surfactant is normally present, mainly in an acellular fraction and possibly at the surface of the alveolar cells. The alveolar macrophages may either store surfactant, rather than synthesize it, or simply acquire a coat of surfactant during sedimentation. After PA ligation, the earliest abnormality was a decrease in the white layer; the cells were fewer, smaller, and weaker in metabolic activity.
Hyperglycemia in the Hospital Setting
Authors: Fadi A Nabhan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: I would like to draw attention to two special situations that were not specifically mentioned in the review of management of hyperglycemia in the hospital setting by Dr. Inzucchi (Nov. 2 issue).1 One is the effect of renal insufficiency on determination of the starting dose of insulin. Since insulin clearance is decreased in patients with renal insufficiency, reducing the starting dose of insulin is essential to avoid hypoglycemia. The second situation is the case of patients who are receiving glucocorticoids. Through increasing insulin resistance, glucocorticoids cause hyperglycemia mainly in the postprandial state. Therefore, these patients frequently require higher prandial doses of insulin than basal doses; the rule of a 1:1 ratio between basal and bolus insulin doses frequently does not apply.
A 16-Gene Signature Associated with High Levels of Wilms Tumor-1 (WT1) Expression Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ahmadreza Niavarani, Tobias Herold, Yasmin Reyal, Erin Currie, Stuart Horswell, Arash Jalali, Maria Cristina Sauerland, Thomas Buchner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Stefan K Bohlander, Reza Malekzadeh, Peter J.M. Valk, Dominique Bonnet
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 3408: Folate Suppresses Wnt/Beta-Catenin Inhibition of Cardiogenesis to Protect Against Induction of Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Maria Serrano, Mingda Han, James C Huhta, Rosana Lastra-Vicente, Barbara Garita, Kersti K Linask
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Lithium (Li), a mood stabilizing drug, and elevated homocysteine (HCy), a metabolite in the folic acid (FA) cycle, are linked to induction of human congenital heart defects. We determined noninvasively by echocardiography, that exposure of the mouse embryo by an i.p. injection to the dam of Li or HCy during gastrulation on embryonic day E6.75 induces cardiac and valve defects. A single dose of 125 μl Li (25 mM) or HCy (75 μM) on E5.5 to 6.5 results in mouse embryonic lethality; on E6.75 to 7.0, both induce tricuspid and semilunar valve defects (Li: n=131 ; HCy: n=78). The tricuspid valve septal leaflet fails to delaminate, a characteristic of Ebstein’s Anomaly. Use of Li during human pregnancy has been associated with Ebstein’s Anomaly. Li mimics the Wnt/β-catenin (β-cat) signaling pathway by inactivating glycogen synthase kinase-3β. During chick cardiac specification, Li, Wnt 3A, or HCy exposure adversely affects chick cardiogenesis with severity of anomalies based on timing of early exposure. To initiate cardiogenesis, the secreted Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 acts extracellularly on the endoderm to upregulate Hex , an inducer of cardiomyogenesis. Exposure of stages 3+/4− chick embryos to Li/Wnt3A/ HCys inhibits Hex and Islet-1 gene expression in the cardiogenic crescent via an intracellular mechanism, thus augmenting inhibitory Wnt/β-cat signaling. FA deficiency leads to elevated HCys levels. We hypothesize that HCys/FA metabolism intersects with Wnt/β-cat signaling and that mechanistically FA supplementation acts by overriding Wnt/β-cat inhibition of gene expression in the embryonic heart fields that leads to cardiac defects. FA, known to protect against HCys-mediated neural tube defects, was tested for protective effects against Li/Wnt3A/HCy during cardiogenesis. With all three experimental exposures, FA addition results in reexpression of the cardiac inducers Hex and Islet-1 at high levels in the chick heart fields. In the mouse, no valve defects were detected in HCys/FA exposed embryos (n=27). Regimen and concentration of FA supplementation necessary to fully rescue Li effects are being tested. In conclusion, folate supplementation potentiates the repression of Wnt/β-cat signaling and protects formation of heart and valve defects. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Greater Southeast Affiliate (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Puerto Rico &amp; Tennessee).
Hepatitis B vaccination
Authors: A. Pallecaros, A. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

the requirements of journals.The first would obviously be "adverse drug reaction," followed by the nature of the reaction (and if necessary the organ affected when this is not obvious from the wording of the nature of the reaction) and by the generic name of the suspected drug.Optional key words could be the chemical or therapeutic class and the mechanism.An example is "adverse drug reaction, skin, urticaria, ampicillin, ,-lactamines, hypersensitivity."Standardised coding would greatly facilitate the retrieval of information on drug reactions by prescribers, pharmaceutical companies, and anyone else with an interest in the subject.
Effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from aplastic anemia patients on the granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid colony formation in samples from normal human bone marrow in vitro--a cooperative work
Authors: F Takaku, T Suda, H Mizoguchi, Y Miura, H Uchino, K Nagai, S Kariyone, A Shibata, T Akabane, T Nomura, T Maekawa
Journal: Blood (1980)
Increasing Post-Processing Total Nucleated Cell (TNC) Recovery in Cord Blood Banking: Hespan Addition in cGMP Environment
Authors: Ludy Dobrila, Tracy Zhu, Dan Zamfir, Tao Wang, Michal J Tarnawski, Rodica Ciubotariu, Maria S Albano, Andromachi Scaradavou, Pablo Rubinstein
Journal: Blood (2014)
T-Cell Depletion Plus Salvage Immunotherapy With Donor Leukocyte Infusions as a Strategy to Treat Chronic-Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patients Undergoing HLA-Identical Sibling Marrow Transplantation
Authors: William R. Drobyski, Martin J. Hessner, John P. Klein, Claudia Kabler-Babbitt, David H. Vesole, Carolyn A. Keever-Taylor
Journal: Blood (1999)