tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myoglobinemia in inflammatory myopathies
Authors: L. J. Kagan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Myoglobin was detected in the sera of patients with dermatomyositis, polymyositis, scleroderma, and systemic lupus erythematosus (LE) with active myopathy. Overall, myoglobinemia was detected in 74.1% of sera taken from patients with active myositis before therapy, with slightly greater frequency in the groups with dermatomyositis and polymyositis. With steroid therapy, this frequency fell to 43.4% and to 9.5% in patients in clinical remission not requiring therapy. Serum enzyme (creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and SGOT) activity was higher in samples containing myoglobin, but there was considerable overlap between those with and without myoglobinemia. Sequential serum determinations in six patients demonstrated rapid reduction in the levels of serum myoglobin with therapy, usually before enzyme values had returned to normal. In one patient followed up for 30 months, myoglobinemia correlated with clinically observed exacerbations of rash and weakness to a greater degree than did enzyme determinations. (<i>JAMA</i>237:1448-1452, 1977)
Comparative hemodynamic effects of procainamide, tocainide, and encainide in severe chronic heart failure.
Authors: S SGottlieb, M LKukin, NMedina, MYushak, MPacker
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Many of the newer antiarrhythmic agents are said to cause minimal myocardial depression, but their hemodynamic effects have not been invasively evaluated and compared in patients with severe chronic heart failure. In a randomized, crossover study, the hemodynamic responses to single oral doses of procainamide (750 mg), tocainide (600 mg), and encainide (50 mg) given to 21 patients with severe chronic heart failure were compared. Cardiac performance decreased with all three drugs, but the magnitude of deterioration differed among the three agents. Stroke volume index decreased with procainamide (-5 +/- 1 ml/m2, p less than 0.001), tocainide (-7 +/- 1 ml/m2, p less than 0.001), and encainide (-8 +/- 1 ml/m2, p less than 0.001), but the decline was significantly greater with encainide than with procainamide (p less than 0.05). Similarly, left ventricular filling pressure increased with tocainide and encainide (+4 +/- 1 and +5 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively; both p less than 0.05), but not with procainamide; the i...
Senescence in tissue samples of humans with age-related diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Camilla S.L. Tuttle, Suzanne W.M. Luesken, Mariette E.C. Waaijer, Andrea B. Maier
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2021)

Higher numbers of senescent cells have been implicated in age-related disease pathologies. However, whether different diseases have different senescent phenotypes is unknown. Here we provide a systematic overview of the current available evidence of senescent cells in age-related diseases pathologies in humans and the markers currently used to detect senescence levels in humans.PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were systematically searched from inception to the 29th of September 2019, using keywords related to 'senescence', 'age-related diseases' and 'biopsies'.In total 12,590 articles were retrieved of which 103 articles were included in this review. The role of senescence in age-related disease has been assessed in 9 different human organ system and 27 different age-related diseases of which heart (27/103) and the respiratory systems (18/103) are the most investigated. Overall, 27 different markers of senescence have been used to determine cellular senescence and the cell cycle regulator p16ink4a is most often used (23/27 age-related pathologies).This review demonstrates that a higher expression of senescence markers are observed within disease pathologies. However, not all markers to detect senescence have been assessed in all tissue types.
Early closure of the tricuspid valve in a case of Ebstein's anomaly with type B Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome.
Authors: YKoiwaya, HNarabayashi, SKoyanagi, HMatsuguchi, STanaka, TImaizumi, AKuroiwa, MNakamura, THirata
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Echocardiographic studies of a 19-year-old female with Ebstein's anomaly and type B Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome showed an earlier closure of the anterior tricuspid leaflet (ATL) than of the anterior mitral leaflet (AML), contrary to the previous reports. The interval between the closure of the ATL and the AML was 20 msec and 30 msec, respectively, before and after administration of edrophonium chloride. However, closure of the AML preceded that of the ATL after administration of atropine sulfate and during supraventricular tachycardia by 10 msec and 60 msec, respectively, concomitant with the shortening of the duration of the QRS complex. We conclude that early closure of the ATL may depend on preexcitation of the right ventricle.
Effect of dysfunctional vascular endothelium on myocardial performance in isolated papillary muscles.
Authors: KLi, J LRouleau, L JAndries, D LBrutsaert
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Vascular endothelium has been shown to modify the contractile characteristics of vascular smooth muscle, and endocardial endothelium has been shown to modify the contractile characteristics of adjacent myocardium. In this study, whether vascular endothelium also modifies the contractile characteristics of adjacent myocardium and whether these effects are additive to those of endocardial endothelium were investigated. Rabbit hearts (n = 54) were excised and mounted in a Langendorff preparation. Vascular reactivity was verified by acetylcholine infusion. One group of these hearts had Triton X-100 injected as a bolus into the coronaries to render the vascular endothelium dysfunctional. The other portion served as control hearts. Triton X-100 bolus injection resulted in little or no pathological changes on morphological examination; however, the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine in these hearts was abolished, suggesting vascular endothelial dysfunction. Vascular smooth muscle reactivity was verified in T...
Stop using body mass index as measure of health, say MPs
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2021)

The UK government’s approach to eating disorders and poor body image is “potentially harmful” and “triggering” for the people it is meant to help, MPs have said.1

MPs on the House of Commons Women and Equalities Committee have called on the government to urgently order an independent review of its obesity strategy to ensure that it is evidence based.

They also said that body mass index (BMI)—originally introduced to measure entire populations—should no longer be used to determine whether an individual person’s weight is healthy. Calories on menus should also be scrapped, they advised, and the use of altered images in commercial advertising and promotion should be more strictly controlled.

The government’s obesity strategy published in July 2020 included measures such as …
High force development and crossbridge attachment in smooth muscle from swine carotid arteries.
Authors: P FDillon, R AMurphy
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

In experiments designed to achieve maximal activation, the active force/cell cross-sectional area in tissues prepared from the swine carotid media was 6.7 +/- 0.3 (sd) X 10(5) N/m5. This value exceeds that reported for other vertebrate muscle cells and is striking because of the low smooth muscle myosin content. The hypothesis that high force generation may, in part, reflect an increase in the crossbridge duty cycle, i.e., the fraction of the cycle during which force is generated, was tested by determining the rate of force redevelopment after a step shortening and the ration of the load-bearing capacity of the contractile system to the developed stress during the course of isometric contractions. Maximal crossbridge cycling rates estimated by the rate of force redevelopment occurred 30 seconds after the onset of a high K+-induced contraction, and decreased thereafter, although the load-bearing capacity or maximum active stress was maintained. These results from isometric experiments support the hypothesi...
A direct excitatory action of catecholamines on rat aortic baroreceptors in vitro.
Authors: W FGoldman, W RSaum
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

A persistent question with regard to the effects of catecholamines on baroreceptor activity has been whether the adrenergic action is indirectly mediated through an alteration in vessel wall tone or whether it is a direct action on the excitability of baroreceptor nerve endings. The effects of norepinephrine on the pressure-impulse frequency relationship of rat single aortic baroreceptor fibers were studied in vitro. Perfusion of the aortic arch with norepinephrine produced an excitatory response which consisted of: a drug-evoked stimulation of previously quiescent fibers at 0 mm Hg, and a sensitization of the response to pressure. The norepinephrine-induced facilitation was blocked by prazosin but not by yohimbine. Phenylephrine mimicked the effects of norepinephrine, whereas clonidine had no excitatory effects on baroreceptor activity. Baroreceptor activity was unaffected by beta-adrenergic agonists or antagonists. Norepinephrine had no effect on the pressure-volume relationship of the aortic arch, but ...
Multiple-lead QRS changes with exercise testing. Diagnostic value and hemodynamic implications.
Authors: J LBerman, JWynne, P FCohn
Journal: Circulation (1980)

To evaluate the diagnostic potential and hemodynamic significance of exercise-induced multiple-lead QRS changes, we studied exercise test responses in 230 patients with chest pain syndromes undergoing Bruce protocol exercise tests. When increases in the R waves of multiple ECG leads (epsilon R) plus ST segment change greater than 1 mm were present, 74 of 75 patients (99%) had coronary disease; this was a higher percentage than that achieved with either measurement alone or when ST change was combined with increase in R in a single lead. Sixty-four of the 75 patients (85%) had multivessel disease, the most severe form of coronary artery disease. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (both at rest and after left ventriculography), presence and degree of resting ventricular asynergy, and ejection fraction were all significantly more abnormal in patients whose epsilon R increased, regardless of ST-segment change. Further, in patients who stopped exercise because of cardiac symptoms, exercise duration and th...
Detection of intracranial arteriovenous fistula by two-dimensional ultrasonography.
Authors: A RSnider, S JSoifer, N HSilverman
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Three newborn infants who had severe congestive heart failure caused by an arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen were evaluated by two-dimensional ultrasonography. Examination of the heart from standard echocardiographic planes showed right atrial and right ventricular dilatation. The superior vena cava, ascending aorta and the vessels to the head and neck were enlarged. Contrast two-dimensional echocardiography from a peripheral vein showed right-to-left atrial shunting and early superior vena cava recirculation. With the transducer positioned in the anterior fontanel or against the temporal bone, two-dimensional sector scans of the brain were obtained in the coronal, sagittal and transverse planes. A large echo-free space that represented an aneurysm of the vein of Galen was seen within the brain. During contrast injection into a peripheral vein, microcavitations that passed from right to left at the atrial level were seen filling the vein of Galen aneurysm. In two infants in whom beryllium wi...
Mechanisms of adenosine triphosphate-, thrombin-, and trypsin-induced relaxation of rat thoracic aorta.
Authors: R MRapoport, M BDraznin, FMurad
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The mechanisms by which adenosine triphosphate, thrombin, and trypsin cause relaxation of vascular smooth muscle were investigated. Relaxation of the rat thoracic aorta with adenosine triphosphate, thrombin, and/or trypsin was associated with increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in both time- and concentration-dependent manners. Thrombin and trypsin did not alter cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, whereas adenosine triphosphate increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels after significant relaxation occurred. Removal of the endothelium abolished adenosine triphosphate-, thrombin-, and trypsin-induced relaxation and the associated increased levels of cyclic nucleotides. Relaxation due to these agents was also inhibited by exposure to nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, and eicosatetraynoic acid, a lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, potentiated relaxation to these agents, whereas the increased levels of cyclic nucleotid...
Anti-alprenolol antibodies in the rabbit. A new probe for the study of beta-adrenergic receptor interaction.
Authors: S GRockson, C JHomcy, EHaber
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

We immunized rabbits with an antigen prepared by covalent linkage of alprenolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, to bovine serum albumin. Competitive inhibition of [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding to antisera with a variety of unlabeled ligands revealed broad antibody specificity for beta-adrenergic antagonists and agonists. The antiserum was subjected to affintiy fractionation on hydroxybenzylpindolol-Sepharose 4B. Successive elution with 100 mM Tris HCl, 1M NaCl, 4 M LiBr, and 5 M guanidine yielded fractions with increasing affintiy for hydroxybenzylpindolol. The ligand-binding properties of these affinity-fractionated antibodies suggest that certain of these fractions recognize structural aspects of individual beta-adrenergic ligands which are irrelevant to their biological activity, whereas others can be used to distinguish shared functional properties, such as the ethanolamine side chain, within the structural heterogeneity of beta-adrenergic drugs. In particular, elution of hydroxybenzylpindolol...
Electrical uncoupling and increase of extracellular resistance after induction of ischemia in isolated, arterially perfused rabbit papillary muscle.
Authors: A GKléber, C BRiegger, M JJanse
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Extracellular and intracellular longitudinal resistances (ro and ri), transmembrane potentials, and conduction velocity were determined in arterially blood-perfused rabbit papillary muscles. Cable analysis was made possible by placing the muscle in a H2O-saturated gaseous environment, which acted as an electrical insulator. Ischemia was produced by exchanging the O2 in the atmosphere by N2 (94% N2-6% CO2) in addition to arresting coronary flow. The first 10-15 minutes of ischemia were characterized by an increase in ro, while ri remained constant. The early part of the increase in ro coincided with the drop in perfusion pressure and was probably due to the diminution of intravascular volume. Rapid electrical uncoupling, reflected by an increase in ri (threefold within 5 minutes), occurred thereafter. The dissociation between the early increase in ro and the delayed increase in ri produced an initial increase in the ratio ro:ri, which subsequently decreased. The decrease in conduction velocity was less tha...
Central beta-adrenergic mechanisms may modulate ischemic ventricular fibrillation in pigs.
Authors: G WParker, L HMichael, C JHartley, J ESkinner, M LEntman
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

A central noradrenergic process may permit expression of the stress-related increase in cardiac vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation (VF). Thus, the effect of central beta-adrenergic receptor blockade with L-propranolol (0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg) on ischemia-induced VF vulnerability was evaluated in the psychologically stressed pig model and compared with Ringer's solution and D-propranolol (0.05 mg/kg). The ischemia of a maximum 15-minute left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion was used since we previously determined that pigs surviving 15 minutes usually do not fibrillate. Time to the onset of VF was analyzed by time-to-event analysis and ranged from 0.75 to 13.8 minutes in vulnerable pigs. Intracerebroventricular administration of L-propranolol (0.05 mg/kg) prolonged the time to VF compared with Ringer's solution and D-propranolol (p less than 0.05). The high dose of L-propranolol also reduced the incidence of VF (7/15 fibrillated) compared with Ringer's solution (12/12 fibrillated) and D-pr...
Role of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Effects of a novel nonpeptide antagonist for atrial natriuretic peptide receptor.
Authors: YHirata, HMatsuoka, ESuzuki, HHayakawa, TSugimoto, YMatsuda, YMorishita, KKangawa, NMinamino, HMatsuo
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDTo explore roles of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in blood pressure and volume regulation, we examined the effects of a newly developed ANP antagonist, HS-142-1 (HS) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats.METHODS AND RESULTSWe examined 1) the effects of HS on ANP- or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)-induced reductions in renal vascular resistance (RVR) of rat isolated perfused kidneys, 2) the effects of HS on cyclic GMP (cGMP) production in rat cultured vascular smooth muscle cells pretreated with ANP or BNP, and 3) the renal and systemic effects of HS in DOCA-salt-treated rats and control rats. We found that 1) HS dose-dependently reversed ANP- or BNP-induced decreases in RVR; 2) ANP or BNP at 100 nM caused an eightfold increase in cGMP production. These increases in cGMP were inhibited by HS in a dose-dependent fashion, and 300 micrograms/ml HS decreased cGMP to the control level. HS alone did not influence RVR or cGMP production; and 3) DOCA-salt rats showed...
Role of intrarenal angiotensin II and alpha-adrenoceptors in renal vasoconstriction with acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis in conscious dogs.
Authors: C ERose, J EVance, W SDacus, V LBrashers, M JPeach, R MCarey
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

To evaluate our previous observation of renal vasoconstriction during combined acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis preceded by acute hypoxemia, we studied 13 conscious mongrel uninephrectomized dogs with chronic renal catheters and controlled sodium intake (80 meq/day for 4 days). Five dogs were studied during combined acute hypoxemia (PaO2, 37 +/- 1 mm Hg) and hypercapnic acidosis (PaCO2, 59 +/- 1 mm Hg; pH 7.20 +/- 0.01). Each dog was studied during infusion of 1) the intrarenal vehicle (n = 5), 2) the intrarenal alpha 1-antagonist prazosin (0.2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, n = 5), 3) intrarenal [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II (70 ng.kg-1.min-1, n = 5), and 4) intrarenal prazosin and [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II (n = 4). Immediate induction of combined hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis after control measurements during intrarenal vehicle infusion resulted in a decrease in effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, increase in renal vascular resistance, and decrease in filtered sodium load in the...
A Case Of Bronchial Aspiration of a Small Bowel Capsule in an Elderly Patient
Authors: S Rizza, M Bruno, M Ciruolo, CG De Angelis, Saracco GM, M Pennazio
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Small bowel video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is currently considered the first diagnostic method for the study of the small intestine.
Centripetal spread of arterial collateral endothelial cell hyperplasia after renal artery stenosis in the rat.
Authors: N KHollenberg, TOdori
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The factors responsible for collateral arterial growth after major artery occlusion remain obscure, despite their importance for tissue survival. An increase in endothelial cell labelling with tritiated thymidine, as an index of collateral arterial growth, occurs early after renal artery occlusion. Our working premise was that an increase in endothelial cell labelling would occur simultaneously throughout the length of the collateral arteries if biophysical factors related to blood flow were the responsible mechanism, because blood flow must be increased simultaneously throughout the length of the small, preformed collateral arterial vessels. On the other hand, if the information spread from the ischemic zone, one would anticipate centripetal spread of the endothelial cell hyperplasia in a retrograde direction from the ischemic zone. With the periureteric collateral arterial supply as the model, we performed serial studies of tritiated thymidine labelling following renal artery stenosis in the rat. As ant...
Left ventricular pressure-volume relations shift to the left after long-term loss of pericardial restraint.
Authors: J DHosenpud, N NYung, M JMorton
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The short-term effect of pericardiectomy is to shift the in vivo left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume curve to the right. We studied nine weight-matched pairs of male guinea pigs 28 to 39 days (mean 35) after complete pericardiectomy or sham thoracotomy to determine the long-term effects of pericardiectomy on LV pressure-volume relations. Hemodynamic and in vitro LV pressure-volume data were collected in matched pairs on the same day, 2 to 3 hr after catheter placement and recovery from anesthesia. Cardiac output was measured by the microsphere reference sample method. Postsurgical weight gain was similar in both groups: 823 +/- 6 (mean +/- SD) to 925 +/- 6 g in the pericardiectomy group and 829 +/- 7 to 927 +/- 7 g in the sham thoracotomy group. We found no difference in LV weight: 1.555 +/- 0.145 g in the pericardiectomy group vs 1.564 +/- 0.148 g in the sham thoracotomy group, nor any difference in heart rate, mean arterial, right atrial, or left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, cardiac outputs, o...
Combined dopamine and nitroprusside therapy in congestive heart failure. Greater augmentation of cardiac performance by addition of inotropic stimulation to afterload reduction.
Authors: R RMiller, N AAwan, J AJoye, K SMaxwell, A NDeMaria, E AAmsterdam, D TMason
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The hemodynamic benefits of combining administration of dopamine with nitroprusside (NP) were evaluated in nine patients with chronic congestive heart failure due to ischemic, idiopathic myocardial or valvular cardiac disease. NP alone (68 microng/min) produced decline in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) from 25.4 to 14.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) but modest increase in cardiac index (CI) from 2.41 to 3.02 L/min/m2 (P less than 0.05). Dopamine alone (6 microng/kg/min) caused an elevation of CI to 3.36 (P less than 0.01) but without decrease of LVEDP. Simultaneous infusion of the two agents resulted in favorable alterations in both hemodynamic variables: LVEDP decreased to 15.7 (P less than 0.01) and CI increased to 3.52 (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that dopamine substantially enhances the effectiveness of nitroprusside therapy in congestive heart failure by providing concomitantly the principal beneficial actions of the vasodilator and dopamine used separately. Thus combined dopamine ...
Weekly variation of acute myocardial infarction. Increased Monday risk in the working population.
Authors: S NWillich, HLöwel, MLewis, AHörmann, H RArntz, UKeil
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDSeasonal and circadian variations in the occurrence of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death have been documented, suggesting that triggering factors may play a role in the causation of cardiac events. However, there are only sparse and conflicting data on the weekly distribution of the disorders.METHODS AND RESULTSTo determine the weekly variation of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death, 5596 consecutive patients (71% men; age, 63 +/- 1 years) were analyzed in a regionally defined population (n = 330,000; age, 25 to 74 years) monitored from 1985 to 1990. The exact time of onset of symptoms was used to determine the day of the event. Patients with myocardial infarction (n = 2636) demonstrated a significant weekly variation (P < .01) with a peak on Monday, whereas patients with sudden cardiac death (n = 2960) were evenly distributed throughout the week. A similar weekly pattern was observed in subgroups of patients with myocardial infarction defined with respect to age, s...