tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mercury Poisoning
Authors: D. M. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICA.L JOURN.AL animal origin.In October, 1961, while one of us (D.J. B. W.) was in camp at Kauriro alone, and dissecting a number of what were presumably P. martini, he found a single specimen naturally infected with "anterior" leptomonads.These he inoculated into himself, but it is still too early to know what the result will be.CONCLUSION Our work is incomplete because (a) the strain of Leishmania isolated from the sandfly, though probably L. donovani, has not been finally identified, and (b) because all attempts to infect P. martini artificially by feeding it on patients have failed.This has prevented us from trying to transmit the infection to man by its bite.However, if the sandfly strain is eventually proved to be L. donovani the finding of what is probably an infected P. martini in nature will suggest that this species may be a vector of kala-azar in Kenya.It is also significant that of the three suspect Synphlebotomus species only P. martini has been found in the Rift Valley.It must be stressed that although the Synphlebotomus found infected in nature was probably P. martini, this is by no means certain, and the possibility that one or both of the other species may be vectors has not yet been excluded.We would like to congratulate Drs.Strangways-Dixon and Lainson (1962), who in British Honduras not only infected a presumed vector P. paraensis by feeding it on a hamster previously inoculated with L. brasiliensis, but also transmitted the parasite to man by the infective bite of one of these insects.Although in Kenya, at the right season, sufficient wild-caught females of P. martini and the other Synphlebotomus species are usually available for study, they can be induced to feed on infected hamsters only with difficulty and are then difficult to keep alive.Until P. martini and/or the other two species can be infected from a suitable animal or from man it will be impossible even to attempt transmission experiments.
Changes in serum hepatitis B surface and e antigen, interferon‐inducible protein 10, and aminotransferase levels during combination therapy of immune‐tolerant chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Robert Perrillo, Hsing‐Hua S. Lin, Kathleen B. Schwarz, Philip Rosenthal, Mauricio Lisker‐Melman, Raymond T. Chung, Ludmila Prokunina‐Olsson, Gavin Cloherty, Jordan Feld
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Treatment of immune-tolerant (IT) children and adults with combined peginterferon alfa-2a and entecavir results in a decline in serum HBeAg and HBsAg concentrations but rarely results in loss of HBeAg or sustained off-treatment response. Factors associated with declines in these viral antigens during treatment remain unexplored.We investigated the pattern of virologic and biochemical response in 86 participants (59 children, 27 adults) by serial quantitative measurement of HBsAg (qHBsAg), quantitative HBeAg (qHBeAg), HBV RNA, interferon-inducible protein (IP-10), IL-18, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Each individual had previously been treated with 8 weeks of entecavir followed by 40 weeks of combined peginteferon and entecavir. We defined the interrelationships between these parameters and virologic response measured as nadir declines from baseline for HBeAg and HBsAg. The patterns of HBsAg and HBeAg decline were similar in pediatric and adult participants. Higher levels of IP-10 were observed during treatment in participants with greater ALT elevations and greater reductions of qHBsAg and qHBeAg. Individuals with peak ALT values exceeding three times the upper limit of normal were significantly more likely to have >1 log10 decline in both viral antigens. HBV DNA became undetectable in 21 of 86 (24%) and HBV RNA in 4 of 77 (5%) during therapy, but both markers remained negative only in those who became HBsAg negative, all of whom also had ALT elevations.Induction of IP-10 during peginterferon treatment in adults and children in the IT phase of chronic HBV infection is associated with ALT elevations and decline in viral antigens, suggesting a degree of interferon-inducible viral control.
Leptospirosis Clues
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Book Review X-Ray Therapy of Chronic Arthritis . By Karl Goldhamer, M.D. With a foreword by Harold Swanberg, M.D. 8°, cloth, 131 pp., with 24 original illustrations by the author, 2 roentgenograms and 4 tables. Quincy, Illinois: Radiologic Review Publishing Company, 1941. $2.00.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1942)
Benevolent Fund
Authors: J. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1843)

remedy for the evil.I would suggest that every medical man, legally qualified to practise his profession, should register his name and address, qualifications and titles, with the offices or public appointments he holds, whether as a teacher, physician, or surgeon, to any hospital, dis- pensary, or school of medicine, &c., together with the universities or corporate bodies whence he has ob- tained them.Thus, for instance,
SUGGESTIVE THERAPEUTICS V. HYPNOTISM.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tuberculosis Morbidity—United States, 1995
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In 1992, 26,673 cases of tuberculosis (TB) (10.5 cases per 100,000 population) were reported to CDC from the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City, a 1.5% increase over the number reported in 1991 (26,283 [10.4 cases per 100,000]). In addition, 370 cases were reported from Puerto Rico (312) and the U.S. territories (58). This report summarizes final TB surveillance data for 1992 and compares findings with previous years.
THE MUSTERING OUT OF THE VOLUNTEERS.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GAMMA: Results from a phase II study for relapsed germ cell tumors using an oxaliplatin-based treatment regimen.
Authors: Kenrick Ng, Aaron Prendergast, Abigail Carter, Yathushan Yogeswaran, Susanna B. Alexander, Sarah Rudman, Han Hsi Wong, Constantine Alifrangis, Ewa Nowosinska, Daniel Berney, Jonathan Shamash
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

417 Background: Following relapse from first line chemotherapy, 30-60% of patients with germ cell tumors (GCTs) can be salvaged with further chemotherapy. Oxaliplatin-based therapies may offer reduced toxicity. Methods: Eligible patients with GCTs who progressed following cisplatin-based chemotherapy were recruited into this single-arm, phase II clinical trial (NCT01782339). Participants were recruited from six centers and received four 21-day cycles of: Actinomycin D 1mg/m 2 , high dose Methotrexate 5-8g/m 2 day 1, Paclitaxel 80mg/m 2 days 1, 8 and 15, Oxaliplatin 85mg/m 2 days 4 and 8 with Pegfilgrastim support. Participants underwent an FDG-PET scan at baseline, prior to cycle 2 and on completion of treatment. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity. Results: 44 patients received at least one dose of the study medication between November 2012 and February 2020. In this full analysis set (FAS) population, the median age was 38 (range 20-57), with 9 (20%) with seminoma, 23 (52%) non-seminoma and 12 (27%) of other histology. 31 (70%) patients had at least intermediate risk disease by IPFSG risk group criteria (n = 16, 36% intermediate risk, n = 6, 14% high risk, n = 9, 20% very high risk). 39 patients received 2 or more cycles of the treatment regimen and were deemed part of the subgroup of patients in the evaluable population. The ORR of the FAS population was 52.3% and 59.0% in the evaluable population. The metabolic response rate (MRR) was 52.3% in the FAS population and 59.0% in the evaluable population. The median radiological PFS in the FAS population was 17.0 months (95% CI, 5.7 months- not reached, NR) with a radiological PFS rate at two years of 38.7% (95% CI, 22.3%-54.9%). The median combined radiological or tumour marker PFS in the FAS population was 8.3 months (95% CI, 2.6 months-17.4 months) with a combined radiological or tumour marker PFS rate at two years of 28.9% (95% CI, 16.0%-43.1%). At a median follow-up of 26.8 months, the median OS in the FAS population was not reached (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.0 months-NR) with an OS rate at two years of 62.5% (95% CI, 46.1%-75.2%). Toxicity data and correlation between early metabolic response and outcomes will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: The GAMMA chemotherapy regimen has demonstrated encouraging anti-tumor activity in relapsed GCT, despite recruiting a cohort of patients with relatively unfavorable outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT01782339.
Mechanisms of Resistance to KRASG12C-Targeted Therapy
Authors: Neal S. Akhave, Amadeo B. Biter, David S. Hong
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Abstract KRAS mutations are among the most common drivers of human carcinogenesis, and are associated with poor prognosis and an aggressive disease course. With the advent of KRASG12C inhibitors, the RAS protein is now targetable, with such inhibitors showing marked clinical responses across multiple tumor types. However, these responses are short-lived due to the development of resistance. Preclinical studies now suggest MAPK reactivation, stimulation of CDK4/6-dependent cell-cycle transition, and immune defects as possible mechanisms of resistance. Devising strategies to overcome such resistance mechanisms, which are a barrier to long-term clinical response, remain an active area of research. Significance: Although KRAS-targeted cancer therapy is revolutionary, tumors rapidly develop resistance. Understanding the mechanisms driving this resistance and designing combination strategies to overcome it are integral to achieving long-term disease control.
Long-term follow-up of intravesical gemcitabine and docetaxel as rescue therapy for nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Authors: Phani T. Chevuru, Ian Mitchell McElree, Alexander C. Martin, Jordan Richards, Sarah L. Mott, Paul T. Gellhaus, Kenneth G. Nepple, Ryan L. Steinberg, Michael A. O'Donnell, Vignesh T. Packiam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

573 Background: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the first-line treatment for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Unfortunately, disease recurrence/progression is common and associated with increased risk of death from bladder cancer. While radical cystectomy remains the preferred treatment for BCG unresponsive NMIBC, many patients are either unwilling or unfit to undergo surgery. Previous retrospective studies have demonstrated the efficacy of intravesical gemcitabine and docetaxel (Gem/Doce) for treating NMIBC after BCG failure. However, the long-term outcomes of this cohort are unknown. We report 5-year survival outcomes of patients treated with intravesical Gem/Doce after BCG failure. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients at our institution who were treated with Gem/Doce for high-risk NMIBC after BCG failure between 2009 and 2017. Patients received six weekly intravesical Gem/Doce instillations. Initial responders received monthly maintenance instillations for 2 years. Surveillance was performed according to American Urological Association guidelines. Survival time was measured from start of Gem/Doce induction. Outcomes included high-grade recurrence-free survival (HG-RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), cystectomy-free survival (CFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Recurrence was defined as pathologically confirmed tumor relapse in the bladder or prostatic urethra. Progression was defined as recurrence of disease with stage T2 or greater, cystectomy or death due to bladder cancer. Survival probabilities were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: A total of 97 patients with a median age of 73 years were treated with Gem/Doce after BCG failure. Median follow-up was 49 months. BCG failure was further stratified as BCG unresponsive (35%), BCG relapsing (38%), BCG intolerant (11%) or unspecified (16%). 71% and 21% of patients had carcinoma in-situ and high-grade T1 disease, respectively. Complete response at initial surveillance was 74% and median duration of response was 26 months. Overall HG-RFS at 1, 2 and 5 years was 60%, 51% and 31%, respectively. HG-RFS was similar among BCG unresponsive patients and the overall cohort (see table). During follow-up, 18 patients (19%) underwent radical cystectomy and 28 patients (29%) experienced disease progression. PFS, CFS, CSS and OS at 5 years was 68%, 75%, 91% and 64%, respectively. Conclusions: Intravesical Gem/Doce for high-risk NMIBC after BCG failure offers long-term efficacy and substantial durability of response with a high likelihood of bladder preservation at five years after induction. Future prospective trials assessing Gem/Doce are warranted.[Table: see text]
MOTOR NOTES FOR MEDICAL MEN
Authors: H. M. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1915)

oz'L nloin-pregnant than in pregnant womiien, and lhe tlhought tlhat it should not be operated on, as life vas not thereby prolonged.The discharge froml the nipple gave valuable evidence as to the nature of the growth; a dark, san- guineous or granular discharge pointed to carcinoma; pure blood was almost diagnostic of papillary cystadenoma, but it must be remembered that the latter tumlours had a marked tendency to become malignant.Cutting into a growtlh was the direct cause of imme- diate dissemination, so that a piece of the tumour should
Leads from the MMWR. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). Rabies prevention--United States, 1984
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: A. J. L. Strauss
Journal: BMJ (1963)

CORRESPONDENCE ND JoURN 1,000), where virtually everyone goes to hospital, should remind the latter that universal hospitalization is no panacea and that a bad hospital can kill a baby as efficiently as a bad home.Both of these evils need to be tackled vigorously.Meanwhile the family doctor can be safely left in peace to do his difficult job conscientiously and well.-Iam, etc.,
Comprehensive metabolomic profiling of plasma from patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC).
Authors: Talal El Zarif, Elio Adib, Clary Clish, Sachet A. Shukla, Dory Freeman, Jonathan Thomas, Praful Ravi, Martha Tuff, Bradley Alexander McGregor, Charlene Mantia, Arvind Ravi, Guru P. Sonpavde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

565 Background: Metabolomic profiling of plasma from mUC pts has not been comprehensively examined. Plasma metabolomics may capture the effects of interactions between the malignancy, host and therapy. We hypothesized that Identifying metabolites in plasma from patients with mUC receiving an ICI or PBC may shed valuable insights regarding tumor biology and mechanisms of resistance. Methods: We obtained 0.2 ml plasma before and after starting therapy from pts with mUC receiving an ICI or PBC at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Plasma metabolomic profiling was conducted at the Broad Institute using 3 complementary liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics platforms. We measured 648 metabolites at baseline prior to starting ICI/PBC and at a second time point in each subject following initiation of ICI/PBC. Metabolite levels were assumed to be normally distributed with log transformation to transform distributions to be approximately symmetric. We performed Wilcoxon-rank sum test to compare the levels of metabolites before and after initiation of the ICI or PBC (significance at p &lt; 0.05). Results: Plasma was available at baseline and during therapy in 53 mUC pts (ICI: n = 43; PBC: n = 10). The median age was 68 (range: 39-86) years and 42 (82.3%) were male. The median time from baseline to the second time point was 4.7 months (range: 0.7-90.2). The ICIs administered were atezolizumab (n = 20), pembrolizumab (n = 16), nivolumab (n = 5), and durvalumab + tremelimumab (n = 1). We identified 20 metabolites that were significantly increased in post-PBC plasma samples (vs. pre-PBC) and 19 metabolites increased in post-ICI (vs. pre-ICI) samples (p &lt; 0.05). All altered metabolites except one (Uracil) were exclusive for each treatment group. The most significant metabolites that increased following initiation of the ICI and PBC are shown in the Table. Evaluation of the association of plasma metabolomics with clinical outcomes and toxicities is ongoing. Conclusions: This is the first report, to our knowledge, of comprehensive metabolomic plasma profiling of pre- and post-ICI and PBC pts with mUC. The metabolomic changes after ICI appear distinct from those seen after PBC. Furthermore, our study sheds insights on potential mechanisms of resistance and new therapeutic targets in pts with mUC.[Table: see text]