tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emerging immunotherapy for HCC: A guide for hepatologists
Authors: Friedrich Foerster, Simon Johannes Gairing, Sumera Irie Ilyas, Peter Robert Galle
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract HCC is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and the third leading cause of cancer‐related death globally. HCC comprises nearly 90% of all cases of primary liver cancer. Approximately half of all patients with HCC receive systemic therapy during their disease course, particularly in the advanced stages of disease. Immuno‐oncology has been paradigm shifting for the treatment of human cancers, with strong and durable antitumor activity in a subset of patients across a variety of malignancies including HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibition with atezolizumab and bevacizumab, an antivascular endothelial growth factor neutralizing antibody, has become first‐line therapy for patients with advanced HCC. Beyond immune checkpoint inhibition, immunotherapeutic strategies such as oncolytic viroimmunotherapy and adoptive T‐cell transfer are currently under investigation. The tumor immune microenvironment of HCC has significant immunosuppressive elements that may affect response to immunotherapy. Major unmet challenges include defining the role of immunotherapy in earlier stages of HCC, evaluating combinatorial strategies that use targeting of the immune microenvironment plus immune checkpoint inhibition, and identifying treatment strategies for patients who do not respond to the currently available immunotherapies. Herein, we review the rationale, mechanistic basis and supporting preclinical evidence, and available clinical evidence for immunotherapies in HCC as well as ongoing clinical trials of immunotherapy.
Wave-shaped microfluidic chip assisted point-of-care testing for accurate and rapid diagnosis of infections
Authors: Bin-Feng Yin, Xin-Hua Wan, Ming-Zhu Yang, Chang-Cheng Qian, A. S. M. Muhtasim Fuad Sohan
Journal: Military Medical Research (2022)

Early diagnosis and classification of infections increase the cure rate while decreasing complications, which is significant for severe infections, especially for war surgery. However, traditional methods rely on laborious operations and bulky devices. On the other hand, point-of-care (POC) methods suffer from limited robustness and accuracy. Therefore, it is of urgent demand to develop POC devices for rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections to fulfill on-site militarized requirements. We developed a wave-shaped microfluidic chip (WMC) assisted multiplexed detection platform (WMC-MDP). WMC-MDP reduces detection time and improves repeatability through premixing of the samples and reaction of the reagents. We further combined the detection platform with the streptavidin-biotin (SA-B) amplified system to enhance the sensitivity while using chemiluminescence (CL) intensity as signal readout. We realized simultaneous detection of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the detection platform and evaluated the sensitivity, linear range, selectivity, and repeatability. Finally, we finished detecting 15 samples from volunteers and compared the results with commercial ELISA kits. Detection of CRP, PCT, and IL-6 exhibited good linear relationships between CL intensities and concentrations in the range of 1.25-40 μg/ml, 0.4-12.8 ng/ml, and 50-1600 pg/ml, respectively. The limit of detection of CRP, PCT, and IL-6 were 0.54 μg/ml, 0.11 ng/ml, and 16.25 pg/ml, respectively. WMC-MDP is capable of good adequate selectivity and repeatability. The whole detection procedure takes only 22 min that meets the requirements of a POC device. Results of 15 samples from volunteers were consistent with the results detected by commercial ELISA kits. WMC-MDP allows simultaneous, rapid, and sensitive detection of CRP, PCT, and IL-6 with satisfactory selectivity and repeatability, requiring minimal manipulation. However, WMC-MDP takes advantage of being a microfluidic device showing the coefficients of variation less than 10% enabling WMC-MDP to be a type of point-of-care testing (POCT). Therefore, WMC-MDP provides a promising alternative to POCT of multiple biomarkers. We believe the practical application of WMC-MDP in militarized fields will revolutionize infection diagnosis for soldiers.
Engineering biomolecular systems: Controlling the self-assembly of gelatin to form ultra-small bioactive nanomaterials
Authors: Dhananjay Suresh, Agasthya Suresh, Raghuraman Kannan
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2022)

The size of nanocarriers determines the biological property of the materials, especially as it relates to intratumoral distribution. Previous research has shown that sizes of 10-50 nm penetrate deep inside the tumor, resulting in better efficacy. On the other hand, studies have shown that gelatin exhibits excellent biological properties, including compatibility, degradability, and toxicity. Therefore, FDA approved gelatin as a safe material to use as an excipient in injectables. The bottleneck is the nonexistence of smaller-sized gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) to realize the full potential of these biomaterials. Yet, GNPs with sizes of less than 50 nm have not been reported; the synthetic strategy reported in the literature uses "uncontrolled crosslinking coupled with nanoprecipitation", resulting in larger particle size. We have developed a new method to self-assemble gelatin strands by using an anionic, phosphate-based crosslinker and controlled precipitation. The method we developed produced ultra-small gelatin nanoparticles (G
Analysis of Value-Based Payment and Acute Care Use Among Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries
Authors: Suhas Gondi, Yong Li, Dana Drzayich Antol, Emily Boudreau, William H. Shrank, Brian W. Powers
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

tools and infrastructure to manage chronic disease and population health may be more willing to bear financial risk.Our findings suggest that organizations engaging in advanced value-based payment models in MA deliver differential outcomes to the MA beneficiaries under their care.Further research is needed to elucidate the activities of value-based primary care organizations that are associated with reductions in acute care use.
An international survey on patterns of practice in NAFLD and expectations for therapies—The POP‐NEXT project
Authors: Vlad Ratziu, Quentin M. Anstee, Vincent Wai‐Sun Wong, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Salvador Augustin, Liana Gheorghe, Vittoria Zambon, Nancy Reau
Journal: Hepatology (2022)

Abstract Background and Aims Differences between countries in NAFLD patient care pathways and management need to be understood prior to defining supranational guidelines. Approach and Results We conducted an anonymous survey in France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Romania, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States among physicians providing specialist care for patients with NAFLD. Modalities of patient referral, patterns of practice (diagnosis, staging, monitoring, and indications for liver biopsy), therapeutic management, and expectations for future NASH pharmacotherapies were assessed, with 664 physicians completing the survey. Referral to surveyed physicians (SPs) mostly came from primary care. Prior to referral, NAFLD was rarely diagnosed, and noninvasive tests were not performed. Screening for comorbidities by SPs was incomplete and cardiovascular risk not calculated. Elastometry in combination with a serum biomarker was the most common first‐line method for fibrosis staging. Liver biopsy, when performed, was often delayed by at least 1 year after diagnosis. It was, however, recommended even if noninvasive methods indicated advanced fibrosis. Frequent, biannual monitoring was conducted, including HCC surveillance in Stage 3 fibrosis. SPs rarely implemented and followed dietary and lifestyle changes themselves, and local availability of such programs was highly heterogenous. SPs favored pharmacotherapy based on mechanism of action adapted to the stage of the disease, including for early stages such as steatohepatitis with mild fibrosis. Conclusions This international survey revealed major deficiencies and delays in referral pathways, suboptimal screening for comorbidities or managing of lifestyle modifications by SPs, and limited local availability for nonpharmacological interventions. Monitoring practices are not aligned with current guidelines.
Learning and attention increase visual response selectivity through distinct mechanisms
Authors: Jasper Poort, Katharina A. Wilmes, Antonin Blot, Angus Chadwick, Maneesh Sahani, Claudia Clopath, Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel, Sonja B. Hofer, Adil G. Khan
Journal: Neuron (2021)

Selectivity of cortical neurons for sensory stimuli can increase across days as animals learn their behavioral relevance and across seconds when animals switch attention. While both phenomena occur in the same circuit, it is unknown whether they rely on similar mechanisms. We imaged primary visual cortex as mice learned a visual discrimination task and subsequently performed an attention switching task. Selectivity changes due to learning and attention were uncorrelated in individual neurons. Selectivity increases after learning mainly arose from selective suppression of responses to one of the stimuli but from selective enhancement and suppression during attention. Learning and attention differentially affected interactions between excitatory and PV, SOM, and VIP inhibitory cells. Circuit modeling revealed that cell class-specific top-down inputs best explained attentional modulation, while reorganization of local functional connectivity accounted for learning-related changes. Thus, distinct mechanisms underlie increased discriminability of relevant sensory stimuli across longer and shorter timescales.
PREDICTORS OF NEW ONSET ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN POST-CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS - A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Lara Zakarna, Dana Ghazaleh, Abdul Al Armashi, Ameed Bawwab, Danial Nasif, Haneen Nuairat, Abdulsalam Khayyat
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
DEEP LEARNING FROM UNGATED LOW-DOSE CT ATTENUATION CORRECTION MAPS PREDICTS MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS SIMILAR TO STANDARD CORONARY CALCIUM SCORES
Authors: Konrad Pieszko, Aakash Shanbhag, Aditya Killekar, Robert JH Miller, Mark Lemley, Mark C. Hyun, Ananya Singh, Yuka Otaki, Serge D. Van Kriekinge, Paul Kavanagh, Heidi Gransar, Edward J. Miller, Timothy Bateman, Damini Dey, Daniel S. Berman, Piotr Slomka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FOR IMPROVING AWARENESS OF CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Dae Hyun Lee, Arjun Khadilkar, Vandan K. Patel, Gerry Samantha Eichelberger, Rosalind Wheeler, Jennifer Bishop, Bibhu D. Mohanty, Fadi Matar, Hiram Bezerra, Guilherme Henrique Oliveira, Joel Fernandez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
The effect of China's Clean Air Act on cognitive function in older adults: a population-based, quasi-experimental study
Authors: Yao Yao, Xiaozhen Lv, Chengxuan Qiu, Jiajianghui Li, Xiao Wu, Hao Zhang, Dahai Yue, Keyang Liu, Ehab Salah Eshak, Thiess Lorenz, Kaarin J Anstey, Gill Livingston, Tao Xue, Junfeng Zhang, Huali Wang, Yi Zeng
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2022)

Air pollution might accelerate cognitive ageing; it is unclear whether large-scale interventions, such as China's Clean Air Act (CCAA), can mitigate cognitive deterioration. We aimed to evaluate the effect of CCAA on changes in cognitive function in older adults.In this population-based, quasi-experimental study, we did a difference-in-differences analysis of the data collected during the 2014 and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The study design used a counterfactual analysis feature by dividing CLHLS participants into two groups. The intervention group included participants who lived in areas where the provincial government set a target of reducing particulate matter (PM) by at least 5% annually from 2014 onward, whereas the control group consisted of individuals who lived in areas without a PM reduction target. Global cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used fixed-effects models to examine the between-group differences in MMSE score changes before and after CCAA implementation. We associated longitudinal changes in MMSE scores with changes in concentrations of PM with a diameter of less than 2·5 μm (PM2·5) concentration and other regulated pollutants. We used alternative models and sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness of the results from the main models.2812 individuals participated in the 2014 and 2018 surveys (mean age 81·0 years [SD 9·3] in 2014; 1408 [50·1%] female and 1404 [49·9%] male). 2251 (80·0%) were included in the intervention group and 561 (20·0%) in the control group. After controlling for potential confounders, the intervention group had a significantly smaller decline in MMSE scores from 2014 to 2018 compared with the control group: the mean between-group difference was 2·45 points (95% CI 1·32-3·57). Interquartile increases in PM2·5 were associated with a significant MMSE score decline of 0·83 points (95% CI 0·24-1·42); similarly, increases in SO2 were also associated with a significant MMSE score decline of 0·80 points (0·32-1·29).Implementing stringent clean air policies might mitigate the risk of air pollutant-associated cognitive ageing in older people.National Natural Sciences Foundation of China, National Key R&D Program of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project, the Duke/Duke-National University of Singapore Collaboration Pilot Project, the National Institute on Aging and Peking University-Baidu Fund, Energy Foundation, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AND FINANCIAL TOXICITY AMONG US ADULTS WITH ASCVD
Authors: Javier Valero Elizondo, Rohan Khera, Hyeon-Ju Ali, Stephen Yishu Wang, Zulqarnain Javed, Kobina Hagan, Elias Mossialos, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Clinical response of CARD14-associated papulosquamous eruption to an anti-interleukin-17A antibody
Authors: Benjamin Klein, Regina Treudler, Konstantin Dumann, Andreas Boldt, Isabell Schumann, Jan C. Simon, Manfred Kunz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2022)

Abstract Here we present another family with CARD14-associated papulosquamous eruption, which is characterized by mutations in CARD14 and skin lesions resembling psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris. We show beneficial therapeutic response to anti-IL17A treatment in one patient and performed immunomonitoring of our patient, exhibiting enhanced pSTAT3 levels in T cells before treatment, which normalized after treatment. Together, our data support the pathogenic role of IL-17A in this disease, which might have consequences for future treatment decisions in this rare condition.
A Woman With Painful Digital Ulcers
Authors: Theodora Karagounis, H. Michael Belmont, Avrom S. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LONG TERM ANGIOGRAPHIC AND INTRACORONARY IMAGING RESULTS FOLLOWING INTRACORONARY LITHOTRIPSY FOR TREATMENT OF CALCIFIED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Angela McInerney, Alejandro Travieso Gonzalez, Hector Cubero, Adrián Jerónimo, Pilar Jimenez-Quevedo, Gabriela Tirado-Conte, Luis Nombela, Mejia Hernan, Fernando Macaya-Ten, Pablo Salinas, Fernandez-Ortiz Antonio, Beatriz Vaquerizo, Carlos Macaya, Javier Escaned, Nieves Gonzalo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
CIRCULATING PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS IDENTIFIES REDUCED INFLAMMATION AFTER INITIATION OF HEMODYNAMIC SUPPORT WITH EITHER VENO-ARTERIAL EXTRACORPORAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION OR IMPELLA IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
Authors: Navin Kapur, Nikolas Diakos, Lija Swain, Shreyas Bhave, Xiaoying Qiao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic tubulopathy
Authors: Lan Yao, Xianhui Liang, Yingjin Qiao, Bohan Chen, Pei Wang, Zhangsuo Liu
Journal: Metabolism (2022)

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a devastating microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus. Recently, the major focus of glomerular lesions of DKD has partly shifted to diabetic tubulopathy because of renal insufficiency and prognosis of patients is closely related to tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Indeed, the proximal tubule enriching in mitochondria for its high energy demand and dependence on aerobic metabolism has given us pause to focus primarily on the mitochondria-centric view of early diabetic tubulopathy. Multiple studies suggest that diabetes condition directly damages renal tubules, resulting in mitochondria dysfunction, including decreased bioenergetics, overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROSs), defective mitophagy and dynamics disturbances, which in turn trigger a series of metabolic abnormalities. However, the precise mechanism underlying mitochondrial dysfunction of renal tubules is still in its infancy. Understanding tubulointerstitial's pathobiology would facilitate the search for new biomarkers of DKD. In this Review, we summarize the current literature and postulate that the potential effects of mitochondrial dysfunction may accelerate initiation of early-stage diabetic tubulopathy, as well as their potential therapeutic strategies.
SAFETY AND PROGNOSTIC RELEVANCE OF ACETYLCHOLINE TESTING IN MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA AND NON-OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Rocco Montone, Riccardo Rinaldi, Marco Giuseppe Del Buono, Filippo Luca Gurgoglione, Giulia La Vecchia, Domenico D’Amario, Antonio Maria Leone, Enrico Romagnoli, Gaetano A. Lanza, Carlo Trani, Giampaolo Niccoli, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDING FAMILY HISTORY BETWEEN EARLY-ONSET AND LATE-ONSET LONE ATRIAL FLUTTER ACROSS RACE-ETHNICITY
Authors: Victor Qiao, Ana Ongtengco, Baha’A Al-azzam, Yining Chen, Annette Diaz, Zain Alzahrani, Dawood Darbar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
Abstract ES4-4: Dietary modification to impact both tumor progression and treatment response
Authors: NL Simone
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract As the landscape of medicine changes to a precision approach to treating patients based on novel therapeutic interventions, the metabolic landscape of our country's population has also been changing at a rapid pace. As rates of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes continues to increase in this country, so will the incidence of cancer. It is well established that patients who present with metabolic disorders such as obesity or diabetes often have increased recurrence rates, poor survival and increase toxicity despite standard treatments of chemotherapy and radiation. Unfortunately, this has created a new type of health disparity. To date, there has been no emphasis on creating novel therapeutics to address the metabolic profile created by an interplay of the patient, or the host, and the tumor. To begin to evaluate if metabolic processes can be altered to enhance radiation and chemotherapy, we began to employ caloric restriction as a concurrent treatment with cytotoxic therapy. Preclinical models demonstrated that caloric restriction could increase local control and overall survival and decrease distant metastases. We have now completed clinical trials to determine that caloric restriction could be used as a therapeutic option in patients undergoing radiation or chemotherapy and noted this treatment to be tolerated well by patients while decreasing typical toxicities of treatment. The preclinical and clinical effects of modulating the metabolic landscape of the patient and the tumor will be discussed as well as future directions. Citation Format: NL Simone. Dietary modification to impact both tumor progression and treatment response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES4-4.
Molecular heterogeneity and measurable residual disease of rare NPM1 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia: a nationwide experience from the GBMHM study group
Authors: Elise Fournier, Maël Heiblig, Christine Lespinasse, Pascale Flandrin-Gresta, Antoine Geay, Laurent Miguet, Laurene Fenwarth, Laurent Vallat, Brigitte Soubeyrand, Alice Marceau-Renaut, Adriana Plesa, Claude Preudhomme, Pierre Sujobert, Sandrine Hayette, Nicolas Duployez, Sarah Huet
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
RISK OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN PATIENTS ON FIRST LINE THERAPY FOR ADVANCED NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER: A COMPARISON OF IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS AND CHEMOTHERAPY REGIMENS
Authors: Alok Khorana, Lisa Rosenblatt, Radhika Pisupati, Chi Nguyen, John Barron, Kerrin Gallagher, Jennell Palaia, T. Christopher Bond
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
PELVIC VEIN OBSTRUCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: AN IMPORTANT CLINICAL ASSOCIATION
Authors: Anika Vaidy, Anjali Vaidya, Mohamad Al-Otaibi, Brooke Zlotshewer, Estefania Oliveros, Huaqing Zhao, Vladimir Lakhter, William Auger, Paul Forfia, Riyaz Bashir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)
DIFFERENCES IN HEALTHCARE OUTCOMES AMONG PATIENTS ADMITTED WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION BASED ON RACE IN TEACHING HOSPITALS: A NATIONWIDE ANALYSIS
Authors: Rezwan F. Munshi, James Pellegrini, Timothy Park, Jenil Patek, Iraj Afzal, Wing Hang Lau, Shivankshi Berry, Monil M. Majmundar, Ofek Hai, Roman Zeltser, Amgad N. Makaryus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2022)