tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do Not Rule Out Double-blind Placebo Run-in Periods for Randomized Clinical Trials—Reply
Authors: Amelia J. Scott, Louise Sharpe, Ben Colagiuri
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Childhood maltreatment and sleep in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Viktor Schønning, Børge Sivertsen, Mari Hysing, Anders Dovran, Kristin G. Askeland
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2022)

Childhood maltreatment is a global problem with the risk of serious health consequences for children and adolescents, including sleep problems. Former systematic reviews have examined the association between childhood maltreatment and sleep problems in adults, but no systematic review has investigated the literature on childhood maltreatment and sleep problems in childhood and adolescence. We published a protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42021225741) and conducted a systematic literature search using nine electronic databases. Upon duplicate removal, 1530 records were screened against the inclusion criteria, and 26 studies were included in the review. The most studied sleep outcomes were symptoms of insomnia, sleep duration and nightmares. The results showed significant associations between exposure to childhood maltreatment and insomnia symptoms (OR 3.91, 95%CI: 2.64-5.79, p < .001), shorter sleep duration (-12.1 min, 95%CI: -19.4 to -4.7, p < .001) and nightmares (OR 3.15, 95%CI: 2.38-4.18, p < 001). There was a considerable heterogeneity in measures and instruments used to examine sleep and maltreatment. Our findings highlight the importance of screening and intervening for sleep problems in children and adolescents exposed to childhood maltreatment.
YPD-30, a prodrug of YPD-29B, is an oral small-molecule inhibitor targeting PD-L1 for the treatment of human cancer
Authors: Fangfang Lai, Ming Ji, Lei Huang, Yunchen Wang, Nina Xue, Tingting Du, Kai Dong, Xiaoqing Yao, Jing Jin, Zhiqiang Feng, Xiaoguang Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies have brought about extraordinary clinical benefits for cancer patients, and their indications are expanding incessantly. Currently, most PD-1/PD-L1 agents are administered intravenously, which may be uncomfortable for some cancer patients. Herein, we develop a novel oral-delivered small molecular, YPD-29B, which specifically targets human PD-L1. Our data suggested that YPD-29B could potently and selectively block the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1, but did not inhibit any other immune checkpoints. Mechanistically, YPD-29B induced human PD-L1 dimerization and internalization, which subsequently activated T lymphocytes and therefore overcomes immunity tolerance in vitro. YDP-29B was modified as the YPD-30 prodrug to improve druggability. Using humanized mice with human PD-1 xenografts of human PD-L1 knock-in mouse MC38 cancer cells, we demonstrated that YPD-30 exhibited significant antitumor activity and was well tolerated in vivo. Taken together, our results indicate that YPD-30 serves as a promising therapeutic candidate for anti-human PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy.
Prospective Cardiovascular Surveillance of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Based Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Cancer: Data From the Phase III JAVELIN Renal 101 Trial
Authors: Brian I. Rini, Javid J. Moslehi, Marc Bonaca, Manuela Schmidinger, Laurence Albiges, Toni K. Choueiri, Robert J. Motzer, Michael B. Atkins, John Haanen, Mariangela Mariani, Jing Wang, Subramanian Hariharan, James Larkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Both immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors are approved for advanced renal cell carcinoma treatment and can cause cardiovascular events (CVs); thus, combination therapy could lead to major adverse CV events (MACE). Cardiac serum biomarker assessment and imaging, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) monitoring, can be used to evaluate MACE.To our knowledge, the JAVELIN Renal 101 trial, assessing avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, is the first randomized study of ICI plus VEGFR inhibitor treatment to include prospective serial cardiac monitoring of LVEF and serum cardiac biomarkers.MACE (defined as grade ≥ 3 CV AEs) occurred in 31 patients (7.1%) in the combination arm and 17 patients (3.9%) in the sunitinib arm. Patients in the combination arm who had high baseline troponin T values were at higher risk of MACE versus patients with low values (MACE in 6/35 v 7/135, respectively; relative risk, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.19 to 9.22). This association was not observed in patients treated with sunitinib. Other CV baseline risk factors and serum cardiac biomarkers were not significantly predictive for MACE, although a trend toward an association with dyslipidemia was seen in the combination arm. No clinical value of on-treatment routine monitoring of LVEF in relation to MACE was observed. Although LVEF decline was significantly more frequent in the combination arm, most patients recovered, and decline was not associated with other significant cardiac events or symptoms.Patients with high baseline troponin T levels receiving ICI and VEGFR combinations may need to be monitored more closely for MACE. Routine monitoring of LVEF in asymptomatic patients is not recommended.
Editorial: Liver injury.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

would then be a direct correspondence between group 0 and non-secretion, while ABO(H) secretors, with their reduced liability to ulcer, would tend to have a high acid output, the counterparts of groups A, B, and AB.However, previous results have suggested that acid or pepsinogen output and secretor status are not correlated. 9-13Further, there is much earlier evidence in which attempts were made to correlate patients' blood groups with acid output or serum pepsinogen levels.These have fallen into two main groups: either no correlation was found,9-12 15 or the output of acid or pepsin was marginally increased in those of group 0.13 14 16 The divergence from the latest studies is difficult to understand.The need now is for analysis of more sets of data before the clinical significance of the new data can be properly decided.
Deleting the β-catenin degradation domain in mouse hepatocytes drives hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma-like tumor growth
Authors: Robin Loesch, Stefano Caruso, Valérie Paradis, Cecile Godard, Angélique Gougelet, Gilles Renault, Simon Picard, Ingrid Tanaka, Yoan Renoux-Martin, Christine Perret, Makoto Mark Taketo, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Sabine Colnot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2022)
Adaptive immune responses and protein homeostasis in COPD: the immunoproteasome
Authors: Francesca Polverino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

<b>The immunoproteasome function and activity are increased in circulating immune cells in end-stage COPD. The immunoproteasome represents a link between adaptive immune activation and protein homeostasis typical of the COPD lung.</b>https://bit.ly/3B99U8N
Smoking, sputum, and lung cancer.
Authors: J. Rimington
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Heroin Dependence-Bewley et al. 8OURNA4are similar to those of street addicts obtaining illegal heroin in New York (Louria et al., 1967).Thus obtaining syringes, needles, and heroin from a legal source does not of itself lead to any improvement in this respect, and despite a clear account of how addicts in this country inject themselves (Cameron, 1964) we did not find a single addict who had ever been given adequate training in self-injection.Many addicts, though realizing the dangers, persist with septic techniques (especially when in a hurry because of with- drawal symptoms, when " high " as a result of amphetamines, or when social situations discourage care).The deterioration in standards of sterility after the introduction of disposable syringes and needles shows an apparently sound principle having unforeseen consequences.Lack of concern, rituals associated with addiction, sharing equipment, and poor social circumstances all contribute to the problem.The education of addicts may improve injection techniques, but so far it has not been successful.It is essential that doctors in charge of treatment centres should be aware of exactly how some of their patients inject themselves.A determined effort to instil prin- ciples of asepsis should be made, and failing this (when it is necessary for heroin or some other intravenous drug to be dispensed) prepared solutions of the drug in single-dose non- reusable containers might be prescribed.Ampoules of this type (Ampins) are available.Summary A total of 121 cases of hepatitis among heroin addicts were traced.There was an epidemic in the Notting Hill area of London in 1966 because of widespread sharing of syringes and needles (only 3 of 51 addicts with hepatitis denied sharing, compared with 13 of 45 other addicts questioned).Most of the illnesses were mild.Extensive liver function tests (serum bilirubin, S.G.O.T., S.G.P.T., alkaline phosphatase, serum electrophoretic patterns, and in most cases also serum isocitric dehydrogenase, 5-nucleotidase, thymol and kunkel turbidity and cephalin-cholesterol tests, and with the electrophoretic strip scanned quantitatively) carried out on 284 further addicts showed that 60% had evidence of hepatocellular damage.Fifty addicts were questioned, using a standard questionary, about their methods of self-injection.None regularly used aseptic techniques and many had very unclean injection habits.We are grateful to Dr. H.
Cases and Notes from Hospital and Private Practice
Authors: C. M. Durrant
Journal: BMJ (1847)

of the nerrous and vascular excitement, and relieving pain; anid counter-irritation, particularly blistering, is Inraluable, by exciting the action of the absorbents near the seat of the lesion, and in that way relieving the distension of the vessels.But all these remedies combined will not prerent a case of pericarditis making progress to that stage wlhich ends in adhesion and premature death.I have carefully exaniined the works. of Stokes, C. J. B. Williams, WVatson, Elliotson, Hope, Copland, Joy, and Lathamn, and I find nmy opinions borne out by all of them.I am convinced that mercury has the power of doing something nmore in inflammation of the pericardium than venesection and other antiphlogistic -remedies can do; and that, upon this somethling being --done, the life of the patient often depends.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Neonatal Circumcision
Authors: Christopher J. Cold
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —That the article by Dr Laumann et al<sup>1</sup>documented differences in the sexual practices of men with regard to circumcision status is not surprising. Surgical removal of the prepuce results in the loss of the majority of fine-touch neuroreceptors found in the penis,<sup>2</sup>leaving only the exposed glans, which is innervated with free nerve endings that can only sense deep pressure and pain.<sup>3</sup> A hypothesis is needed to explain the findings of Laumann et al in light of the known neurohistology. We suggest that a penis with foreskin and its full complement of neuroreceptors may make heterosexual coitus more satisfying, thereby making the man less likely to seek out alternate forms of stimulation. The only portion of the prepuce remaining in a man with surgically altered genitalia is the remnant between the coronaand the scar. While there are some fine-touch receptors in this tissue, the most sensitive
Assessment of Clinical Effectiveness of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in US Adolescents
Authors: Carlos R. Oliveira, Linda M. Niccolai, Hassan Sheikha, Lina Elmansy, Chaney C. Kalinich, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Eugene D. Shapiro, Kendall Billig, Mallery I. Breban, Anderson Brito, Rebecca Earnest, Joseph R. Fauver, Tobias Koch, Isabel Ott, Mary Petrone, Chantal B.F. Vogels, Kien Pham, Irina Tikhonova, Christopher Castaldi, Shrikant Mane, Kaya Bilguvar, Bony De Kumar, David Ferguson, Nicholas Kerantzas, Marie Landry, David Peaper, Wade Schulz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

The emergence of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has led to increases in both infections and hospitalizations among adolescents. Little is known about the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents in the general population, as opposed to a clinical trial population.To estimate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years.This was a matched case-control study among adolescents (aged 12-18 years) who had results from a SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Immunization histories, relevant clinical data, and RT-PCR test results were obtained from the Yale New Haven Health System's medical records between June 1, 2021, and August 15, 2021, when the Delta variant caused 92% of infections in Connecticut. Case participants were defined as adolescents who had a positive test result and an associated medical encounter. Control participants were defined as those who had a negative test result and were matched to a case participant by age, county of residence, and date of testing.Adolescents were defined as fully immunized if they had received 2 doses of vaccine at least 14 days before focal time.The primary outcome measured was SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR. The vaccine's effectiveness (VE) was estimated using matched odds ratios from conditional logistic regression models. Secondary measures included estimated VE by clinical symptoms, number of vaccine doses received, and elapsed time from immunization.A total of 6901 adolescents were tested for SARS-CoV-2. The final sample comprised 186 case participants and 356 matched control participants. The median age was 14 (IQR, 13-16) years, 262 (48%) identified as female, 81 (15%) as Black, 82 (15%) as Hispanic, and 297 (55%) as White. Overall, 134 (25%) were fully immunized (case participants, 10 [5%]; control participants, 124 [35%]). The median time between immunization and the SARS-CoV-2 test was 62 days (range, 17-129 days). Within 4 months of receiving 2 doses, VE against any infection was estimated to be 91% (95% CI, 80%-96%); against asymptomatic infection, 85% (95% CI, 57%-95%). Effectiveness after a single dose was estimated to be 74% (95% CI, 18%-92%).In this retrospective case-control study of US adolescents, 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine appeared to provide excellent protection for at least 4 months after immunization against both symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Editorial: Mechanism of gouty inflammation.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

125patients with bilateral carcinoma it was 57-9% after the second mastectomy.The mean interval between mastectomies was just over 6 years; the longest interval was 27 years and the shortest was 8 months.Herrmann concludes that carcinoma in the second breast does not bring with it a particularly unfavouralble prognosis.He finds nothing to favour prophylactic mastectomy or random biopsy of the contralateral breast, and until a 'better method for selection and management of the second breast at risk comes up he advocates close follow-up after initial mastectomy and early treatment of carcinoma of the second breast if it develops.This approach eliminates unnecessary mastectomies and accomplishes the greatest good for the greatest number of women.
Aldose Reductase inhibition by AT-001 Prevents Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Via Reducing Myocardial Fatty Acid Oxidation Rates
Authors: Keshav Gopal, Qutuba G. Karwi, S. Amirhossein Tabatabaei-Dakhili, Cory S. Wagg, Riccardo Perfetti, Ravichandran Ramasamy, John R. Ussher, Gary D. Lopaschuk
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor contributes to tissue adaptation of intestinal eosinophils in mice
Authors: Nicola Laura Diny, Barbora Schonfeldova, Michael Shapiro, Matthew L. Winder, Sunita Varsani-Brown, Brigitta Stockinger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2022)

Eosinophils are potent sources of inflammatory and toxic mediators, yet they reside in large numbers in the healthy intestine without causing tissue damage. We show here that intestinal eosinophils were specifically adapted to their environment and underwent substantial transcriptomic changes. Intestinal eosinophils upregulated genes relating to the immune response, cell-cell communication, extracellular matrix remodeling, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor with broad functions in intestinal homeostasis. Eosinophils from AHR-deficient mice failed to fully express the intestinal gene expression program, including extracellular matrix organization and cell junction pathways. AHR-deficient eosinophils were functionally impaired in the adhesion to and degradation of extracellular matrix, were more prone to degranulation, and had an extended life span. Lack of AHR in eosinophils had wider effects on the intestinal immune system, affecting the T cell compartment in nave and helminth-infected mice. Our study demonstrates that the response to environmental triggers via AHR partially shapes tissue adaptation of eosinophils in the small intestine.
Analysis Suggests Wider Use for PARP Inhibitors
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2017)

Researchers have developed a new tool, HRDetect, to pinpoint tumors that display BRCA deficiency but don't harbor BRCA1/2 mutations. Evaluating their method in breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers, they identified patients whose tumors were potentially vulnerable to PARP inhibition but who didn't carry these mutations.
Sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors: drugs with multiple effects, but which one is relevant to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction? Letter regarding the article ‘Early benefit with empagliflozin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from the <scp>EMPEROR‐Preserved</scp> trial’
Authors: Elizaveta Kokhan, Gayrat Kiyakbaev, Vadim Medovchshikov
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2022)
Carceral epidemiology: mass incarceration and structural racism during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Katherine LeMasters, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Morgan Maner, Meghan Peterson, Kathryn Nowotny, Zinzi Bailey
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing epidemic of mass incarceration are closely intertwined, as COVID-19 entered US prisons and jails at astounding rates. Although observers warned of the swiftness with which COVID-19 could devastate people who are held and work in prisons and jails, their warnings were not heeded quickly enough. Incarcerated populations were deprioritised, and COVID-19 infected and killed those in jails and prisons at rates that outpaced the rates among the general population. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted what has been long-known: mass incarceration is a key component of structural racism that creates and exacerbates health inequities. It is imperative that the public health, particularly epidemiology, public policy, advocacy, and medical communities, are catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic to drastically rethink the USA's criminal legal system and the public health emergency that it has created and to push for progressive reform.
A Course of Lectures on Urine, Urinary Deposits, and Calculi
Authors: L. Beale
Journal: BMJ (1860)

This theory, that of modification of intraocular pressure, by the influence of division of the ciliary nerves upon nutrition, through the medium of the ciliary ganglia, deserves investiaa- tion, and, indeed, appears to me as plausible, and even more so, than any other theory with which I am acquainted, which attempts to account for the curative influence of iridectomy.You wvill reasonably inquire what is my own opinion of iridectomy.Is it to be classed, as some sensible men class it,
The impact of chronic kidney disease in diabetic COVID-19 patients
Authors: Hana Chaabouni, Ichrak Bougharriou, Khouloud Mnif, Majdi Maazoun, Tarak Ben Jemaa, Khaoula Rekik, Fatma Smaoui, Makram Koubaa, Chakib Marrakchi, Boussayma Hammami, Mounir Ben Jemaa
Journal: Metabolism (2022)
BERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oncological Applications of Deep Learning Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Harrison Phillips, Shelly Soffer, Eyal Klang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal