tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 184: Racial Disparities in Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Interventions and Survival in the Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial
Authors: Joshua R Lupton, Robert Schmicker, Jestin Carlson, Clifton W Callaway, Heather Herren, Tom P Aufderheide, Graham Nichol, Riccardo Colella, Matthew L Hansen, Henry E Wang, Mohamud R DAYA
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Background: Prior studies have reported racial disparities in survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, these studies did not evaluate how emergency medical services (EMS) provider assessment of race impacts OHCA interventions and survival. Our objective was to evaluate racial disparities in OHCA airway management and patient outcomes in the multicenter Pragmatic Airway Resuscitation Trial (PART). Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of adult OHCA patients enrolled in PART. Trial subjects were randomized to initial advanced airway management with laryngeal tube or endotracheal intubation. The primary independent variable was patient race (categorized by EMS as white, black, and other). We used general estimating equations (GEE) to examine the association of race (white or black) with airway attempt success, 72-hour survival, and survival to hospital discharge, adjusting for sex, age, witness status, bystander CPR, initial rhythm, arrest location, and randomization cluster. Results: Of 3002 patients, race was 1537 white, 860 black, and 605 other. Median times (min [interquartile range]) from dispatch to arrival (5.4 [2.8] vs. 5.0 [2.3]), arrival to CPR (2.2 [2.7] vs. 2.0 [2.7]), and arrival to airway attempt (12.2 [7.6] vs. 11.0 [7.4]) were longer for black compared to white patients, respectively. Black patients had lower unadjusted odds of shockable rhythms (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.47, 0.74), bystander CPR (0.47; 0.39, 0.56), and survival to discharge (0.68; 0.50, 0.92) than white patients. After adjustment for confounders, black race was not associated with airway success (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.9, 1.41), 72-hr survival (1.06; 0.81, 1.30), or survival to discharge (0.82; 0.57, 1.19). Conclusions: Although black patients had lower odds of shockable rhythms and bystander CPR, airway success and survival odds were similar to white patients. Further studies are needed to better understand disparities in survival from OHCA.
Radiation and Systemic Therapy for Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jeffrey A. Bogart, Saiama N. Waqar, Michael D. Mix
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

Progress in the overall treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has moved at a slower pace than non-small-cell lung cancer. In fact, the standard treatment regimen for limited stage SCLC has not appreciably shifted in more than 20 years, consisting of four to six cycles of cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy concurrent with thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for responsive disease. Nevertheless, long-term outcomes have improved with median survival approaching 25-30 months, and approximately one third of patients now survive 5 years. This is likely attributable in part to improvements in staging, including use of brain magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography imaging, advances in radiation treatment planning, and supportive care. The CONVERT and CALGB 30610 phase III trials failed to demonstrate a survival advantage for high-dose, once-daily TRT compared with standard 45 Gy twice-daily TRT, although high-dose, once-daily TRT remains common in practice. A phase III comparison of high-dose 60 Gy twice-daily TRT versus 45 Gy twice-daily TRT aims to confirm the provocative outcomes reported with 60 Gy twice daily in the phase II setting. Efforts over time have shifted from intensifying PCI, to attempting to reduce treatment-related neurotoxicity, to more recently questioning whether careful magnetic resonance imaging surveillance may obviate the routine need for PCI. The addition of immunotherapy has resulted in mixed success in extensive-stage SCLC with modest benefit observed with programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors, and several ongoing trials assess programmed death-ligand 1 inhibition concurrent or adjuvant to chemoradiotherapy in limited-stage SCLC. Major advances in future treatment will likely depend on a better understanding and exploiting of molecular characteristics of SCLC with increasing personalization of therapy.
Abstract 17039: Neutrophil Subset in Blood Contributes to Acute Oxidant Signals in the Bone Marrow, Which Regulate Innate Immune Responses After Ischemic Tissue Damage
Authors: Muthusamy Thiruppathi, Pijus Barman, Milie Fang, Timothy Koh, Norifumi Urao
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Blood neutrophils are short-lived and have distinct subsets. Aged (senescent) neutrophils are cleared by macrophages in multiple organs including bone marrow (BM), at least, in the steady state. It is unknown, after ischemic tissue damage, how these aged-type neutrophils regulate bone marrow microenvironment and impact on downstream bone marrow responses. In a mouse model of critical limb ischemia, we found that CD62L lo aged-type neutrophils that return to the BM, measured by in vivo circulating cell-labeling, are increased (2.1-fold) after acute limb ischemia, which is corresponded with acute increase in CXCR4, a major chemokine receptor promoting BM returning of blood neutrophils (31%). Interestingly, neutrophil uptake by macrophages is reduced (by 76%) in the BM after limb ischemia, suggesting increased retention of blood-derived CD62L lo neutrophils in BM microenvironment after ischemia. We also found, in the BM, that blood-derived neutrophils have higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) than other neutrophils (61% in MFI) and that limb ischemia indeed increases ROS (34%) and oxidized lipid microparticles (61%) in BM plasma in a Nox2 NADPH oxidase-dependent manner. These suggest that increased returning and retention of blood-derived CD62L lo neutrophils in the BM may contribute to oxidant signals in the BM after limb ischemia. Indeed, using aged neutrophils generated ex vivo and adoptive transfer of these cells, we found that aged neutrophils modulate BM innate immune responses after limb ischemia through ROS—reduced activation of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (50%); increased acute activation of myeloid progenitor cells (4%); and increased acute but inhibited later Ly6C hi inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in the ischemic tissue (72% and 45%, respectively)—resulting in improved tissue recovery from ischemic damage (2.3-fold). In summary, an aged-type neutrophil subset in blood contributes to acute oxidant signals in the BM, which coordinate innate immune responses to promote tissue recovery from ischemic damage.
Viral capture sequencing detects unexpected viruses in the cerebrospinal fluid of adults with meningitis
Authors: Fiona McGill, Rafal Tokarz, Emma C Thomson, Ana Filipe, Stephen Sameroff, Komal Jain, Nishit Bhuva, Shirin Ashraf, W. Ian Lipkin, Caroline Corless, Chitra Pattabiraman, Barry Gibney, Michael J Griffiths, Anna Maria Geretti, Benedict D Michael, Nicholas J Beeching, David McKee, Ian J Hart, Ken Mutton, Agam Jung, Alastair Miller, Tom Solomon
Journal: Journal of Infection (2022)
Correction:<i>Systemic pro-inflammatory response identifies patients with cancer with adverse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection: the OnCovid Inflammatory Score</i>
Authors: Satoshi Nemoto, Ryosuke Nakagawa, Shota Aoyama, Patricio Perez-Villarroel, James J Mulé, Adam William Mailloux
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2021)
Characterisation of a model of chronic coronary artery stenosis in the rat by cine-MRI Matthias Nahrendorf, Karl-Heinz Hiller, Kai Hu, Christiane Waller, Axel Haase, Georg Ertl, Wolfgang R. Bauer. Wuerzberg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
NECROLOGY.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Trade in wild animals: a disaster ignored
Authors: None The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2003)

On page 399 we report an outbreak of monkeypox in the midwestern USA, the first such outbeak in the western hemisphere. The likely source of the outbreak is a Gambian giant rat imported from Ghana, which came into contact with prairie dogs at a Chicago-area pet distributor. On page 395 we describe isolation from masked palm civets and a raccoon dog at a market in southern China of a virus almost identical to the coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). What both these examples illustrate is how trade in wild animals, whether as pets or for consumption, endangers human health.
Abstract P328: Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors Are Associated With Poor Health-Related Quality of Life Among Hispanic/Latino Adults With Arthritis Symptoms: Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos
Authors: Natalya Rosenberg, Mayra L Estrella, Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu, James P Lash, Gregory A Talavera, Kamal Eldeirawi, Donglin Zeng, Martha L Daviglus
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Despite greater longevity, Hispanics/Latinos have shorter functional limitations-free life and greater prevalence of arthritis-attributable functional limitations compared to non-Hispanic Whites. We assessed the hypothesis that CVD and CVD risk factors (RFs) are independently associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Hispanics/Latinos with arthritis. Methods: HCHS/SOL is a multi-center prospective population-based study of 16,415 diverse Hispanic/Latino adults ages 18-74 years at baseline (2008-11). Data from 2,083 men and women with self-reported arthritis-related symptoms were analyzed. Self-reported HRQOL was assessed using the 12-item Short-Form (SF-12) survey: self-reported health status (fair/poor vs. excellent/very good/good); and physical and mental health component summary scores (PCS and MCS; standardized z scores ranging from 0-100; higher scores indicate better HRQOL). Prevalent CVD (yes/ no) was defined using Framingham CVD Composite Criterion. CVD RFs were diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking, and physical activity. Logistic and linear regression models were used to examine cross-sectional associations of CVD and CVD RFs with HRQOL, after adjustment for relevant covariates and other CVD or CVD RFs. All analyses accounted for the complex study design. Results: In multivariable-adjusted models, CVD, diabetes, and current smoking were associated with 1.73, 2.04, and 1.48 times higher odds of fair/poor general health, compared to absence of CVD, normal glycemic status, and never-smoking, respectively. CVD, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and low activity were associated with lower PCS scores. CVD, obesity, overweight, and current and former smoking were associated with lower MCS scores ( Table ). Conclusions: CVD and CVD RFs are independently associated with poorer HRQOL among Hispanic/Latino adults with arthritis, suggesting presence of unmet health and lifestyle management needs in this group.
AURICULAR FLUTTER
Authors: C. E. K. Herapath
Journal: BMJ (1928)

AURICU'LAR FLUTTER.r Tu Br 213 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ĩ MDICA 70URAL CASE II.Ak woman, aged 65, was admitted in November, 1925, in a state of epileptic confusion and restlessness.There was a history of epilepsy for the previous thirty years.On admission the cardiac dullness was normal, but the heart sounds were soft and faintly
Cunningham's Text-Book of Anatomy
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy of pembrolizumab and comprehensive CD274/PD-L1 profiles in patients previously treated with chemoradiation therapy as radical treatment in bladder cancer
Authors: Kazuki Nishimura, Kyosuke Nishio, Kensuke Hirosuna, Kazumasa Komura, Takuo Hayashi, Wataru Fukuokaya, Ayako Ura, Taizo Uchimoto, Ko Nakamura, Tatsuo Fukushima, Yusuke Yano, Nobushige Takahashi, Keita Nakamori, Shoko Kinoshita, Tomohisa Matsunaga, Takeshi Tsutsumi, Takuya Tsujino, Kohei Taniguchi, Tomohito Tanaka, Hirofumi Uehara, Kiyoshi Takahara, Teruo Inamoto, Yoshinobu Hirose, Takahiro Kimura, Shin Egawa, Haruhito Azuma
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2022)

Chemoradiation therapy (CRT) has been increasingly reported as a possible alternative to total cystectomy (TC) for localized bladder cancer (BC). Pembrolizumab is the standard of care for platinum-refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma, although it is unknown whether the efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients previously treated with curative CRT varies from the results of benchmark trials.We retrospectively assessed whether the survival benefit of pembrolizumab differs between patients previously treated with TC or CRT as radical treatment. A total of 212 patient records were collected for a logistic regression propensity score model. An independent dataset with next-generation sequencing (n=289) and PD-L1 Combined Positive Score (CPS: n=266) was analyzed to assess whether CRT-recurrent tumor harbors distinct CD274/PD-L1 profiles.Propensity score matching was performed using putative clinical factors, from which 30 patients in each arm were identified as pair-matched groups. There was no significant difference in overall survival from the initiation of pembrolizumab (p=0.80) and objective response rate (p=0.59) between CRT and TC treatment groups. In the independent 289 BC cohort, 22 samples (7.6%) were collected as CRT-recurrent tumors. There was no significant difference in CD274 mRNA expression level between CRT-naïve and CRT-recurrent tumors. The compositions of CD274 isoforms were comparable among all isoforms detected from RNAseq between CRT-naïve (n=267) and CRT-recurrent (n=22) tumors. No actionable exonic mutation in CD274 was detected in CRT-recurrent tumors. PD-L1 CPS was positively correlated with CD274 mRNA expression level, and PD-L1 CPS was comparable between CRT-naïve and CRT-recurrent tumors.The efficacy of pembrolizumab for patients previously treated with CRT was similar to those treated with TC. The enhanced tumor regression by combining programmed cell death protein 1/PD-L1 inhibitor and CRT might be expected only in the concurrent administration.
THE EFFECT OF STATINS ON SKELETAL MUSCLE FUNCTION
Authors: Beth A. Parker, Jeffrey A. Capizzi, Adam Grimaldi, Donna Polk, Priscilla M. Clarkson, Stephanie M. Cole, Justin Keadle, Stuart Chipkin, Linda S. Pescatello, Kathleen Simpson, C. Michael White, Paul Thompson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions
Authors: Ming Yi, Xiaoli Zheng, Mengke Niu, Shuangli Zhu, Hong Ge, Kongming Wu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2022)

Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 rescue T cells from exhausted status and revive immune response against cancer cells. Based on the immense success in clinical trials, ten α-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, sintilimab, camrelizumab, toripalimab, tislelizumab, zimberelimab, prolgolimab, and dostarlimab) and three α-PD-L1 antibodies (atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab) have been approved for various types of cancers. Nevertheless, the low response rate of α-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy remains to be resolved. For most cancer patients, PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is not the sole speed-limiting factor of antitumor immunity, and it is insufficient to motivate effective antitumor immune response by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 axis. It has been validated that some combination therapies, including α-PD-1/PD-L1 plus chemotherapy, radiotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, targeted therapy, other immune checkpoint inhibitors, agonists of the co-stimulatory molecule, stimulator of interferon genes agonists, fecal microbiota transplantation, epigenetic modulators, or metabolic modulators, have superior antitumor efficacies and higher response rates. Moreover, bifunctional or bispecific antibodies containing α-PD-1/PD-L1 moiety also elicited more potent antitumor activity. These combination strategies simultaneously boost multiple processes in cancer-immunity cycle, remove immunosuppressive brakes, and orchestrate an immunosupportive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarized the synergistic antitumor efficacies and mechanisms of α-PD-1/PD-L1 in combination with other therapies. Moreover, we focused on the advances of α-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunomodulatory strategies in clinical studies. Given the heterogeneity across patients and cancer types, individualized combination selection could improve the effects of α-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunomodulatory strategies and relieve treatment resistance.
Expect the Unexpected
Authors: Wei Ming Chua, Charlene Yu Lin Tang, Wei Ying Tham, Samantha Peiling Yang, Young Soon Tay, Kelvin Siu Hoong Loke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

A 61-year-old woman with well-differentiated thyroid cancer underwent 124I-PET/CT imaging. A 124I capsule was administered orally, and the patient was imaged 90 minutes after from the skull vertex to feet. The 124I capsule was unexpectedly lodged in the esophagus. We illustrate attenuation and scatter correction artifacts from 124I capsule unexpectedly lodged in the esophagus and the usefulness of nonattenuation correction images in such circumstances. This also highlights the importance of drinking adequate amounts of water following the ingestion of iodine capsules (123I, 124I, or 131I) to reduce the resulting radiation dose to the esophagus.
Error in Author’s Name
Authors: Marjolein Van Reeven, Jan Ijzermans, Wojciech Polak
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2021)

Mehra Golshan, MD, MBA; Sibylle Loibl, MD; Stephanie M. Wong, MD; Jens Bodo Huober, MD; Joyce O’Shaughnessy, MD; Hope S. Rugo, MD; Norman Wolmark, MD; Mark D. McKee, MD; David Maag, PhD; Danielle M. Sullivan, PhD; Otto Metzger-Filho, MD; Gunter Von Minckwitz, MD; Charles E. Geyer Jr, MD; William M. Sikov, MD; Michael Untch, MD
Update: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome—United States, 2003
Journal: JAMA (2003)

CDC continues to work with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other partners to investigate cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This report updates information on reported SARS cases worldwide and among U.S. residents and summarizes information on one additional case with laboratory evidence of infection with the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
Society Proceedings.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal