tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ductal Prostate Cancers Demonstrate Poor Outcomes with Conventional Therapies
Authors: Weranja Ranasinghe, Daniel D. Shapiro, Hyunsoo Hwang, Xuemei Wang, Chad A. Reichard, Mohamed Elsheshtawi, Mary F. Achim, Tharakeswara Bathala, Chad Tang, Ana Aparicio, Shi-Ming Tu, Nora Navone, Timothy C. Thompson, Louis Pisters, Patricia Troncoso, John W. Davis, Brian F. Chapin
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Reply to Sachin Malde, Arun Sahai, and Eskinder Solomon’s Letter to the Editor re: Marcus J. Drake, Amanda L. Lewis, Grace J. Young, et al. Diagnostic Assessment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men Considering Prostate Surgery: A Noninferiority Randomised Controlled Trial of Urodynamics in 26 Hospitals. Eur Urol 2020;78:701–10
Authors: Marcus J. Drake, Paul Abrams, Athene Lane, Amanda L. Lewis
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Revisiting prostate cancer metabolism: From metabolites to disease and therapy
Authors: Henrique J. Cardoso, Tiago M. A. Carvalho, Lara R. S. Fonseca, Marília I. Figueira, Cátia V. Vaz, Sílvia Socorro
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2020)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, still presents important unmet clinical needs concerning treatment. In the last years, the metabolic reprogramming and the specificities of tumor cells emerged as an exciting field for cancer therapy. The unique features of PCa cells metabolism, and the activation of specific metabolic pathways, propelled the use of metabolic inhibitors for treatment. The present work revises the knowledge of PCa metabolism and the metabolic alterations that underlie the development and progression of the disease. A focus is given to the role of bioenergetic sources, namely, glucose, lipids, and glutamine sustaining PCa cell survival and growth. Moreover, it is described as the action of oncogenes/tumor suppressors and sex steroid hormones in the metabolic reprogramming of PCa. Finally, the status of PCa treatment based on the inhibition of metabolic pathways is presented. Globally, this review updates the landscape of PCa metabolism, highlighting the critical metabolic alterations that could have a clinical and therapeutic interest.
Simple Provisional Stenting or two-stent Strategies to Treat Anomalous Right Coronary Originating from the mid of left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
Authors: Xuguang Qin
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2020)

Congenital anomalies of coronary arteries (CAAS) are very rare and usually documented as an incidental finding during routine catheter or CT angiograms performed for other reasons. Their prevalence ranges from 0.2% to 1.3% based published series. The most common coronary artery anomaly is origination of the left circumflex coronary (LCX) artery from the proximal of right coronary artery (RCA) or right sinus of Valsalva. The second is separate origination of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and LCX artery from the left sinus of Valsalva. Herein, we present three cases that the anomalous RCA arises from the mid of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The bifurcation lesions of first case was treated using two-stent strategies of DK culotte, excellent angiography results was observed. The last two cases were treated using simple provisional stenting strategy: one stent was deployed crossover the ostium of the anomalous coronary artery, final angiographic results were excellent. These cases are extremely rare. We bring forth them in an attempt to highlight their significance, and make cardiologist to understand what important the anomalies are, and the strategy how to treatment these bifurcation lesions.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention After Successful Fibrinolytic Therapy for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Better Late Than Never**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Jeremy W. Buckley, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
15813 Epidemiologic studies of herpes simplex virus infections of type 1 and type 2 in Korea: A retrospective single-center study
Authors: Joo Yeon Ko, Na Young Kim, Dong Seok Shin, Young Wook Ko, Dong Uk Cheon, Won Seon Koh, Jeong Eun Kim, Young Suck Ro
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
425P The impact of obesity on treatment outcomes in patients with solid tumour malignancies treated with first-line (1L) immuno-oncology (IO) agents
Authors: C.L. Gan, D.E. Meyers, I. Stukalin, S. Dudani, S. Dolter, H.A.I. Grosjean, B.W. Ewanchuk, S. Goutam, M. Sander, J.C. Wells, A. Pabani, T. Cheng, T. Yuasa, D. Morris, R. Kanesvaran, S.K. Pal, L.A. Wood, F. Donskov, T.K. Choueiri, D.Y.C. Heng
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
177P Organ specific tumour response to first-line (1L) therapy with combined lenvatinib (LEN) and anti-PD-1 antibodies in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: H-C. Sun, C. Huang, X-D. Zhu, Y-H. Shen, D. Wu, N-L. Ge, Y. Chen, C-J. Tan, J. Zhou, J. Fan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
FDG PET/CT in Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme With Leptomeningeal and Diffuse Spinal Cord Metastasis
Authors: Dharmender Malik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most common malignant types of tumor arising from the central nervous system known for its devastating intracranial progress and dismal prognosis. Macroscopically evident and symptomatic spinal cord metastasis detected with FDG PET/CT imaging is a rare event. We present a rare case of symptomatic diffuse spinal metastases of glioblastoma multiforme in a 25-year-old woman, who has been previously treated surgically with gross tumor resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide.
How can global physical activity surveillance adapt to evolving physical activity guidelines? Needs, challenges and future directions
Authors: Richard P Troiano, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Fiona C Bull
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

Public health guidelines on physical activity (PA) establish national policy agendas and provide the basis for setting goals and targets. Advances in measurement and resulting new scientific findings lead to evolution of PA guidelines. PA surveillance serves to track compliance with national guidelines, usually expressed as the proportion of the population ‘meeting’ the main quantitative guidelines. The WHO recently completed a process to review and update the global PA guidelines. Changes to the guidelines, such as removal of a 10-min bout criterion, pose challenges for PA surveillance. We review the evolution of PA guidelines and associated surveillance methods and explore implications of the updated guidelines for changes in population surveillance and opportunities for technological approaches to PA to enhance surveillance.
Efficacy and safety of cold versus hot snare polypectomy for small (5–9 mm) colorectal polyps: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Marina de Benito Sanz, Luis Hernández, María Isabel Garcia Martinez, Pilar Diez-Redondo, Diana Joao Matias, Jesús M. Gonzalez-Santiago, Mercedes Ibáñez, María Henar Núñez Rodríguez, Marta Cimavilla, Carla Tafur, Laura Mata, Antonio Guardiola-Arévalo, Jorge Feito, Francisco Javier García-Alonso
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Abstract Background Resection techniques for small polyps include cold snare polypectomy (CSP) and hot snare polypectomy (HSP). This study compared CSP and HSP in 5–9 mm polyps in terms of complete resection and adverse events. Methods This was a multicenter, randomized trial conducted in seven Spanish centers between February and November 2019. Patients with ≥ 1 5–9 mm polyp were randomized to CSP or HSP, regardless of morphology or pit pattern. After polypectomy, two marginal biopsies were submitted to a pathologist who was blinded to polyp histology. Complete resection was defined as normal mucosa or burn artifacts in the biopsies. Abdominal pain was only assessed in patients without &lt; 5 mm or &gt; 9 mm polyps. Results 496 patients were randomized: 237 (394 polyps) to CSP and 259 (397 polyps) to HSP. Complete polypectomy rates were 92.5 % with CSP and 94.0 % with HSP (difference 1.5 %, 95 % confidence interval –1.9 % to 4.9 %). Intraprocedural bleeding occurred during three CSPs (0.8 %) and seven HSPs (1.8 %) (P = 0.34). One lesion per group (0.4 %) presented delayed hemorrhage. Post-colonoscopy abdominal pain presented similarly in both groups 1 hour after the procedure (CSP 18.8 % vs. HSP 18.4 %) but was higher in the HSP group after 5 hours (5.9 % vs. 16.5 %; P = 0.02). A higher proportion of patients were asymptomatic 24 hours after CSP than after HSP (97 % vs. 86.4 %; P = 0.01). Conclusions We observed no differences in complete resection and bleeding rates between CSP and HSP. CSP reduced the intensity and duration of post-colonoscopy abdominal pain.
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as central regulators in metabolic disorders
Authors: Allison Agus, Karine Clément, Harry Sokol
Journal: Gut (2020)

Metabolic disorders represent a growing worldwide health challenge due to their dramatically increasing prevalence. The gut microbiota is a crucial actor that can interact with the host by the production of a diverse reservoir of metabolites, from exogenous dietary substrates or endogenous host compounds. Metabolic disorders are associated with alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Specific classes of microbiota-derived metabolites, notably bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, tryptophan and indole derivatives, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. This review aims to define the key classes of microbiota-derived metabolites that are altered in metabolic diseases and their role in pathogenesis. They represent potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis as well as promising targets for the development of novel therapeutic tools for metabolic disorders.
Putting physical activity in the ‘must-do’ list of the global agenda
Authors: Emmanuel Stamatakis, Fiona C Bull
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2020)

This special issue of BJSM celebrates the launch of the new 2020 WHO Global guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour, an effort that took over 18 months and involved over 40 scientists and international collaboration across six continents.1 WHO guidelines reflect a consensus on the latest science on the health impacts of physical activity and sedentary behaviour across the age spectrum and, for the first time, cover important—but previously underserved—population groups: people who live with chronic disease or disabilities, and pregnant and postpartum women.

As with any set of authoritative guidelines, these were based on a thorough review of a rapidly developing, yet very heterogeneous, body of evidence. The evidence was synthesised and evaluated for its quality and rigour following established WHO protocols. The outcome is a set of specific recommendations that form the new WHO guidelines based on the best evidence and informed by considerations of global applicability, feasibility and equity with the aim to optimise their use in national policy and local practice.

Evidence-based guidelines are more than just ‘advice’; they serve a multitude of distinct but interrelated functions. First, guidelines represent a consensus of scientific knowledge following a transparent process and as such serve as a reference for national policy; gaps in knowledge are identified and thus they also provide as a guide for future research priorities. Recommendations are the basis for developing national communication campaigns and core health messages aimed at raising awareness among diverse audiences, inspiring more physical activity in the community, and driving better physical activity prescription and policy. Recommended amounts of weekly amounts and frequency provide a yardstick by which national and global monitoring …
Macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles promote biomimetic mineralized collagen-mediated endogenous bone regeneration
Authors: Anqi Liu, Shanshan Jin, Cuicui Fu, Shengji Cui, Ting Zhang, Lisha Zhu, Yu Wang, Steve G. F. Shen, Nan Jiang, Yan Liu
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2020)

Abstract Macrophages play an important role in material-related immune responses and bone formation, but the functionality of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in material-mediated bone regeneration is still unclear. Here, we evaluated intracellular communication through small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its effects on endogenous bone regeneration mediated by biomimetic intrafibrillarly mineralized collagen (IMC). After implantation in the bone defect area, IMC generated more neobone and recruited more mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) than did extrafibrillarly mineralized collagen (EMC). More CD63 + CD90 + and CD63 + CD163 + cells were detected in the defect area in the IMC group than in the EMC group. To determine the functional roles of sEVs, extracellular vesicles from macrophages cultured on different mineralized collagen were isolated, and they showed no morphological differences. However, macrophage-derived sEVs in the IMC group showed an enhanced Young’s modulus and exerted beneficial effects on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow MSCs by increasing the expression of the osteoblastic differentiation markers BMP2, BGLAP, COL1, and OSX and calcium nodule formation. Mechanistically, sEVs from IMC-treated macrophages facilitated MSC osteogenesis through the BMP2/Smad5 pathway, and blocking sEV secretion with GW4869 significantly impaired MSC proliferative, immunomodulative and osteogenic potential. Taken together, these findings show that macrophage-derived sEVs may serve as an emerging functional tool in biomaterial-mediated endogenous bone regeneration.
15057 Safety of baricitinib in patients with atopic dermatitis: Results of pooled data from two phase 3 monotherapy randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 16-week trials (BREEZE-AD1 and BREEZE-AD2)
Authors: Kristian Reich, Jean Philippe Lacour, Antonio Costanzo, Dennis R. Brinker, Maria Jose Rueda, Fabio P. Nunes, Maher Issa, Amy Paller, Jonathan I. Silverberg
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Human A-to-I RNA editing SNP loci are enriched in GWAS signals for autoimmune diseases and under balancing selection
Authors: Hui Zhang, Qiang Fu, Xinrui Shi, Ziqing Pan, Wenbing Yang, Zichao Huang, Tian Tang, Xionglei He, Rui Zhang
Journal: Genome biology (2020)

Abstract Background Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing plays important roles in diversifying the transcriptome and preventing MDA5 sensing of endogenous dsRNA as nonself. To date, few studies have investigated the population genomic signatures of A-to-I editing due to the lack of editing sites overlapping with SNPs. Results In this study, we applied a pipeline to robustly identify SNP editing sites from population transcriptomic data and combined functional genomics, GWAS, and population genomics approaches to study the function and evolution of A-to-I editing. We find that the G allele, which is equivalent to edited I, is overrepresented in editing SNPs. Functionally, A/G editing SNPs are highly enriched in GWAS signals of autoimmune and immune-related diseases. Evolutionarily, derived allele frequency distributions of A/G editing SNPs for both A and G alleles as the ancestral alleles are skewed toward intermediate frequency alleles relative to neutral SNPs, a hallmark of balancing selection, suggesting that both A and G alleles are functionally important. The signal of balancing selection is confirmed by a number of additional population genomic analyses. Conclusions We uncovered a hidden layer of A-to-I RNA editing SNP loci as a common target of balancing selection, and we propose that the maintenance of such editing SNP variations may be at least partially due to constraints on the resolution of the balance between immune activity and self-tolerance.
Need for ethical framework to guide mass testing for asymptomatic covid-19
Authors: Caitriona Cox, Mary Dixon-Woods
Journal: BMJ (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Tolerability and side effects of standard therapy used in rheumatology are the most serious problem, especially if treatment must be started in early age. Gastrointestinal endoscopies allow to detect injury of gastrointestinal mucosa in up to 75% patients, who are using NSAIDs over longer period. Adjuvant treatment with omeprazol or nizoprostol raises the cost of treatment. For this purpose oral enzymes (OE) can be used in treatment of joint diseases, as they possess the properties of both basic medications and antiinflammatory drugs. Oral enzymes – Phlogenzym allow to refuse from NSAIDs or to shorten the course of NSAIDs. <h3>Objectives</h3> The goal of the present evaluation was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of Phlogenzym in treatment of joint diseases;1) versus NSAIDs, 2) versus DMARDs. <h3>Methods</h3> We evaluated total 86 patients of both genders with first time diagnosed illness. 40 RA patients aged between 20 – 62 years: 20 patients got DMARDs and Phlogenzym,20 patients got DMARDs and NSAIDs. 46 JIA patients aged between 7 – 17 years: 23 patients got Phlogenzym and shorter course of NSAIDs, 23 patients got standard therapy DMARDs and shorter course of NSAIDs. <h3>Results</h3> after the RA patients treatment during 4 months the efficacy of combined treatment with DMARDs and OE was estimated as superior 84% versus DMARDs and NSAIDs as 75%. Integrative tolerability rate was in RA treatment as 3,8 vs. 3,6. after the JIA patients treatment during 3 months the efficacy of combined treatment with OE and NSAIDs was estimated as superior 70% versus DMARDs and NSAIDs as 53%. Integrative tolerability rate was in JIA treatment identical. Otherwise we obtained elimination of Helicobater pylori after adequate treatment in all 7 Helicobacter pylori (+) cases in JIA patients treated with OE, healing of duodenal ulcer in 1 patients and healing of erosive gastritis in 3 patients. Among 5 Helicobacter pylori (+) patients treated with DMARDs and NSAIDs only 1 became Helicobacter pylori (-) after same “Tripl” therapy (Amoxicillinum, Metronidazolum, Ranitidinum/Omeprazolum). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our evaluation corresponding to the judgements given by the doctors concerning efficacy and tolerability to tested drugs shows that treatment with Phlogenzym was safe and more effective. According to these results it can be stated that OE is the group of medicines, which may be used for substitution of DMARDs or NSAIDs considering to course of disease and concomitant pathologies.
300MO Impact of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) genotype on fluoropyrimidine-related toxicity in Asian population
Authors: M. Kanai, T. Kawaguchi, M. Kotaka, D. Manaka, J. Hasegawa, A. Takagane, Y. Munemoto, T. Kato, T. Eto, T. Touyama, T. Matsui, K. Shinozaki, T. Mizushima, S. Matsumoto, M. Mori, A. Ohtsu, S. Saji, T. Yoshino, F. Matsuda
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
<i>MYC</i> Rearrangements in Multiple Myeloma Are Complex, Can Involve More Than Five Different Chromosomes, and Correlate with Increased Expression of <i>MYC</i> and a Distinct Downstream Gene Expression Pattern
Authors: Aneta Mikulasova, Cody Cody Ashby, Ruslana G. Tytarenko, Michael Bauer, Konstantimos Mavrommatis, Christopher P. Wardell, Matthew Trotter, Shayu Deshpande, Owen W. Stephens, Erming Tian, Graham Jackson, Faith E. Davies, Anjan Thakurta, Nikhil Munshi, Gareth J. Morgan, Brian A Walker
Journal: Blood (2017)
107P Safety and efficacy of trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Results from the Australian cohort of the phase IIIb, international, open-label, early-access PRECONNECT study
Authors: T.J. Price, M. Burge, L. Chantrill, Y.J. Chua, L. Horvath, S-A. McLachlan, N. Pavlakis, J. Shapiro, S. Thavaneswaran, B. Tran, D. Yip, G. Tancock
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
Looking for the Outsider
Authors: Danica M. Vodopivec, Dylan D. Thomas, Nadine E. Palermo, Devin W. Steenkamp, Stephanie L. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A 44-year-old man presented with fatigue, unintentional weight loss, and a 2-year history of hip and chest-wall pain. He had earlier presented with acute right clavicle pain after he pushed himself up on the arms of chair in order to stand. A radiograph of the shoulder showed a fracture in the distal third of the clavicle at the site of a lytic lesion.
Face masks in operating theatres
Authors: Carl Dougliss
Journal: BMJ (2004)

reported by database custodians.Despite careful interrogation, some accounts may be unjustifiably favourable.Thirdly, the lack of statistically significant associations between organisational characteristics and data quality (with one exception) may reflect the small sample size. Implications of resultsConsiderable effort and resources are expended by clinicians, methodologists, computing staff, and others to create and maintain clinical databases in Britain.Many database custodians work in isolation with little contact or support from others engaged in similar activities.The need for improvements in database organisation, data quality, and data use is widely recognised among these highly committed individuals and groups.The inception, in March 2003, of a forum for database custodians to exchange experiences and help one another has both highlighted these needs and started to meet them.However, without resources to promote and support the development of databases, such measures can have only limited impact.Just as clinicians are not expected to be able to organise and carry out randomised trials without the support of clinical trials units, so we should not expect high quality databases to be developed without some dedicated specialised support.This could be met by the establishment of at least one clinical database support unit.This could provide advice and assistance in organisation and management, information technology, epidemiology, and statistics.Without such an initiative, the variable picture of databases reported here is likely to persist, and their potential will not be realised.
Vitamin C against the harmful effects of prenatal passive smoking: when all other options fail?
Authors: Peter J. Merkus, Steve Turner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>Vitamin C administration to severely addicted pregnant smokers may induce a small improvement in lung function of their offspring compared to controls. To assess any clinical relevance, replicate and long-term follow-up studies are needed.</b>https://bit.ly/2DZoVRT