tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12132: Diurnal Variation in Citizen Responder and Automated External Defibrillation Coverage of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Denmark According to Area Types
Authors: Nanna B Christensen, Fredrik Folke, Julie Kjoelbye, Louise Kollander Jakobsen, Anne J Jørgensen, Linn Andelius, Mads Christian Tofte Gregers, Kristian B Ringgren, Christian Torp-Petersen, Carolina M Hansen
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Following the implementation of the Danish AED network and a nationwide citizen responder (CR) program for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), CR and AED coverage for OHCAs according to area types has not been investigated. We aimed to assess AED and CR coverage of historical OHCAs according to area types in daytime (12pm) and nighttime (12am). Methods: We included non-EMS witnessed OHCAs from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry (2016-2019) and AEDs registered with the Danish AED network (November 2020) available at 12am (n=22,418) and 12pm (n=14,734). Exact locations of CRs who were registered with the national CR program by December 2020 were identified on a normal working day (Wednesday, December 2, 2020) at 12am and 12pm (representing day- and nighttime location). OHCAs, AEDs, and CRs were identified and geocoded using a geographical information system. Urban Atlas was used to categorize areas into subgroups using satellite images; high density residential areas, low density residential areas, public and industrial sites, nature, sport and leisure facilities, transportation (e.g. airport and railway stations), and fast transit roads. Results: A total of 10,126 OHCAs (63.0% male, median age 73 years). We mapped 14,119 AEDs (12 pm) and 24,372 CR (12 pm) in Urban Atlas. Most OHCAs in all area types were covered by &gt;= 1 AED. A greater variation was observed in CR coverage when compared to AED coverage, according to area type. Little difference in coverage of both AED and CR according to time of day was observed. (Figure 1) Conclusion: The highest CR and AED coverage were observed in high density residential areas, transportation sites, public and industrial areas, and sport and leisure facilities, which is where most OHCAs occurred. These findings indicate a high coverage of citizen responders and AEDs in Denmark.
Genetically engineered and enucleated human mesenchymal stromal cells for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to diseased tissue
Authors: Huawei Wang, Christina N. Alarcón, Bei Liu, Felicia Watson, Stephen Searles, Calvin K. Lee, Jeremy Keys, Willie Pi, Dale Allen, Jan Lammerding, Jack D. Bui, Richard L. Klemke
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2021)
Maternal BCG primes for enhanced health benefits in the newborn
Authors: Frederik Schaltz-Buchholzer, Christian Bjerregård Øland, Mike Berendsen, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, Elise Brenno Stjernholm, Christian N Golding, Ivan Monteiro, Peter Aaby, Christine Stabell Benn
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)
Disclosure Updated
Authors: David Jiménez, Alvar Agustí, Behnood Bikdeli
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Mary O. Mundinger, DrPH; Robert L. Kane, MD; Elizabeth R. Lenz, PhD; Annette M. Totten, MPA; Wei-Yann Tsai, PhD; Paul D. Cleary, PhD; William T. Friedewald, MD; Albert L. Siu, MD, MSPH; Michael L. Shelanski, MD, PhD
Preemptive Treatment Reduced Autism Symptom Severity
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Video Teleconferencing for Disease Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Jordan Albritton, Alexa Ortiz, Roberta Wines, Graham Booth, Michael DiBello, Stephen Brown, Gerald Gartlehner, Karen Crotty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Video teleconferencing (VTC) as a substitute for in-person health care or as an adjunct to usual care has increased in recent years.To assess the benefits and harms of VTC visits for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and to develop an evidence map describing gaps in the evidence.Systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from 1 January 2013 to 3 March 2021.Two investigators independently screened the literature and identified 38 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting inclusion criteria.Data abstraction by a single investigator was confirmed by a second investigator; 2 investigators independently rated risk of bias.Results from 20 RCTs rated low risk of bias or some concerns of bias show that the use of VTC for the treatment and management of specific diseases produces largely similar outcomes when used to replace or augment usual care. Nine of 12 studies where VTC was intended to replace usual care and 5 of 8 studies where VTC was intended to augment usual care found similar effects between the intervention and control groups. The remaining 6 included studies (3 intended to replace usual care and 3 intended to augment usual care) found 1 or more primary outcomes that favored the VTC group over the usual care group. Studies comparing VTC with usual care that did not involve in-person care were more likely to favor the VTC group. No studies evaluated the use of VTC for diagnosis or prevention of disease. Studies that reported harms found no differences between the intervention and control groups; however, many studies did not report harms. No studies evaluated the effect of VTC on health equity or disparities.Studies that focused on mental health, substance use disorders, maternal care, and weight management were excluded. Included studies were limited to RCTs with sample sizes of 50 patients or greater. Component analyses were not conducted in the studies.Replacing or augmenting aspects of usual care with VTC generally results in similar clinical effectiveness, health care use, patient satisfaction, and quality of life as usual care for areas studied. However, included trials were limited to a handful of disease categories, with patients seeking care for a limited set of purposes.Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary and Other Endocrine Surveillance Among Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Laura van Iersel, Renee L Mulder, Christian Denzer, Laurie E Cohen, Helen A Spoudeas, Lillian R Meacham, Elaine Sugden, Antoinette Y N Schouten-van Meeteren, Eelco W Hoving, Roger J Packer, Gregory T Armstrong, Sogol Mostoufi-Moab, Aline M Stades, Dannis van Vuurden, Geert O Janssens, Cécile Thomas-Teinturier, Robert D Murray, Natascia Di Iorgi, Sebastian J C M M Neggers, Joel Thompson, Andrew A Toogood, Helena Gleeson, Cecilia Follin, Edit Bardi, Lilibeth Torno, Briana Patterson, Vera Morsellino, Grit Sommer, Sarah C Clement, Deokumar Srivastava, Cecilie E Kiserud, Alberto Fernandez, Katrin Scheinemann, Sripriya Raman, Kevin C J Yuen, W Hamish Wallace, Louis S Constine, Roderick Skinner, Melissa M Hudson, Leontien C M Kremer, Wassim Chemaitilly, Hanneke M van Santen
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2021)

Endocrine disorders in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancers are associated with substantial adverse physical and psychosocial effects. To improve appropriate and timely endocrine screening and referral to a specialist, the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group (IGHG) aims to develop evidence and expert consensus-based guidelines for healthcare providers that harmonize recommendations for surveillance of endocrine disorders in CAYA cancer survivors. Existing IGHG surveillance recommendations for premature ovarian insufficiency, gonadotoxicity in males, fertility preservation, and thyroid cancer are summarized. For hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) dysfunction, new surveillance recommendations were formulated by a guideline panel consisting of 42 interdisciplinary international experts. A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE (through PubMed) for clinically relevant questions concerning HP dysfunction. Literature was screened for eligibility. Recommendations were formulated by drawing conclusions from quality assessment of all evidence, considering the potential benefits of early detection and appropriate management. Healthcare providers should be aware that CAYA cancer survivors have an increased risk for endocrine disorders, including HP dysfunction. Regular surveillance with clinical history, anthropomorphic measures, physical examination, and laboratory measurements is recommended in at-risk survivors. When endocrine disorders are suspected, healthcare providers should proceed with timely referrals to specialized services. These international evidence-based recommendations for surveillance of endocrine disorders in CAYA cancer survivors inform healthcare providers and highlight the need for long-term endocrine follow-up care in subgroups of survivors and elucidate opportunities for further research.
103P Real-world treatment patterns before and after receiving PD-L1 test results in patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC)
Authors: S.J. Antonia, N. Wu, W. Ge, J-F. Pouliot, H. Dietz, J. Jalbert, R.G. Quek, J. Harnett
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)
A multiclade env–gag VLP mRNA vaccine elicits tier-2 HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies and reduces the risk of heterologous SHIV infection in macaques
Authors: Peng Zhang, Elisabeth Narayanan, Qingbo Liu, Yaroslav Tsybovsky, Kristin Boswell, Shilei Ding, Zonghui Hu, Dean Follmann, Yin Lin, Huiyi Miao, Hana Schmeisser, Denise Rogers, Samantha Falcone, Sayda M. Elbashir, Vladimir Presnyak, Kapil Bahl, Madhu Prabhakaran, Xuejun Chen, Edward K. Sarfo, David R. Ambrozak, Rajeev Gautam, Malcom A. Martin, Joanna Swerczek, Richard Herbert, Deborah Weiss, Johnathan Misamore, Giuseppe Ciaramella, Sunny Himansu, Guillaume Stewart-Jones, Adrian McDermott, Richard A. Koup, John R. Mascola, Andrés Finzi, Andrea Carfi, Anthony S. Fauci, Paolo Lusso
Journal: Nature Medicine (2021)
Incorrect Recommendation Wording in Figure
Authors: Wungki Park, Akhil Chawla, Eileen O'reilly
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Aaron B. Caughey, MD, MPH, PhD; Alex H. Krist, MD, MPH; Tracy A. Wolff, MD, MPH; Michael J. Barry, MD; Jillian T. Henderson, PhD, MPH; Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS; Karina W. Davidson, PhD; Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH; Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH
Heart rate variability in relation to cognition and behavior in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kathy Y. Liu, Thomas Elliott, Melanie Knowles, Robert Howard
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2021)

Neurodegenerative diseases, which frequently present with neuropsychiatric symptoms related to prefrontal cortical dysfunction, can alter the integrity of the neural networks involved in central autonomic nervous system regulation, which is proposed to be indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). We systematically reviewed the characteristics, methodology and outcomes of 27 studies of HRV in relation to measures of cognition and behavior in neurodegenerative conditions, and assessed the strength of this relationship, cross-sectionally, across 18 studies. A significant, moderate effect was observed (r = 0.25), such that higher HRV was related to better cognitive and behavioral scores, which was not influenced by mean age or cognitive status. There was no evidence of small-study effects but we could not rule out publication bias, and other factors may have contributed to heterogeneity between studies. Our findings support the proposal that HRV may be a marker of self-regulatory processes in neurodegenerative conditions, and further research on this association is needed in relation to neuropsychiatric symptoms and alongside neuroimaging methods.
Second-order characteristics don't favor a number-representing ANS
Authors: Stefan Buijsman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Clarke and Beck argue that the ANS doesn't represent non-numerical magnitudes because of its second-order character. A sensory integration mechanism can explain this character as well, provided the dumbbell studies involve interference from systems that segment by objects such as the Object Tracking System. Although currently equal hypotheses, I point to several ways the two can be distinguished.
Siremadlin (HDM201) Is Well Tolerated and Demonstrates Clinical Activity in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Who Have Relapsed after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Subset Analysis of Safety and Preliminary Efficacy
Authors: Eytan M. Stein, Jörg Chromik, Cecilia Carpio, Rogier Mous, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Gheath Alatrash, Antonio Curti, Charles Craddock, Christoph Schmid, Robert Zeiser, Lamis K. Eldjerou, Hans-Jochen Jochen Weber, Claire Fabre, Jeffrey Scott, Daniel J. DeAngelo
Journal: Blood (2021)
Assessment of Treatment Effects and Long-term Benefits in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Trials Using the Flexible Parametric Cure Model
Authors: Thomas Filleron, Marine Bachelier, Julien Mazieres, Maurice Pérol, Nicolas Meyer, Elodie Martin, Fanny Mathevet, Jean-Yves Dauxois, Raphael Porcher, Jean-Pierre Delord
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Compared with standard cytotoxic therapies, randomized immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) phase 3 trials reveal delayed benefits in terms of patient survival and/or long-term response. Such outcomes generally violate the assumption of proportional hazards, and the classical Cox proportional hazards regression model is therefore unsuitable for these types of analyses. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the ability of the flexible parametric cure model (FPCM) to estimate treatment effects and long-term responder fractions (LRFs) independently of prespecified time points. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> This systematic review used reconstructed individual patient data from ICI advanced or metastatic melanoma and lung cancer phase 3 trials extracted from the literature. Trials published between January 1, 2010, and October 1, 2019, with long-term follow-up periods (maximum follow-up, ≥36 months in first line and ≥30 months otherwise) were selected to identify LRFs. Individual patient data for progression-free survival were reconstructed from the published randomized ICI phase 3 trial results. The FPCM was applied to estimate treatment effects on the overall population and on the following components of the population: LRF and progression-free survival in non–long-term responders. Results obtained were compared with treatment effects estimated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. <h3>Findings</h3> In this systematic review, among the 23 comparisons studied using the FPCM, a statistically significant association between the time-to-event component and experimental treatment was observed in the main analyses and confirmed in the sensitivity analyses of 18 comparisons. Results were discordant for 4 comparisons that were not significant by the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The LRFs varied from 1.5% to 12.7% for the control arms and from 4.6% to 38.8% for the experimental arms. Differences in LRFs varied from 2% to 29% and were significantly increased in the experimental compared with the control arms, except for 4 comparisons. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This systematic review of reconstructed individual patient data found that the FPCM was a complementary approach that provided a comprehensive and pertinent evaluation of benefit and risk by assessing whether ICI treatment was associated with an increased probability of patients being long-term responders or with an improved progression-free survival in patients who were not long-term responders.
Abstract 14218: Post-Cardiac Arrest Care Delivery Varies Widely Across Institutions Belonging to the PediRES-Q Collaborative
Authors: Jessica A Barreto, Jesse Wenger, Maya Dewan, Alexis A Topjian, Joan S Roberts
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Despite national pediatric post-cardiac arrest care (PCAC) guidelines to improve survival and neurological outcomes, there are limited studies describing PCAC delivery in pediatric institutions. The objective of this study was to describe reported PCAC delivery in pediatric institutions. We hypothesized that there would be variability in PCAC processes across institutions. Methods: An IRB-approved REDCap survey was distributed electronically to the lead resuscitation investigator at each institution belonging to the international Pediatric Resuscitation Quality Improvement collaborative (PediRES-Q). Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. A chi-square test was used to compare categorical data. Results: Twenty-four of 47 centers completed the survey (51%). Most respondents (58%) belonged to large centers (≥1000 annual PICU admissions). Two-third (67%) of centers reported using no specific selection criteria to initiate PCAC with the other third employing order sets, paper forms, or institutional guidelines. Smaller centers (&lt;1000 annual PICU admissions) more frequently reported the use of attending-directed care for PCAC initiation/delivery (80%) versus larger centers (57%), p = 0.04. Common PCAC targets included temperature (96%), glucose (75%), and age-based blood pressure (88%). Most PCAC included EEG (75%) but neuroimaging was only included at 46% of centers. Duration of PCAC was either tailored to clinical improvement and neurological exam (54%) or time-based (45%). Only 25% of centers reported having a mechanism for evaluating PCAC adherence. Common barriers to effective PCAC implementation included lack of time and limited training opportunities (Figure 1). Conclusions: There is wide variation in PCAC delivery among surveyed pediatric institutions. Targeting common themes such as standardization of PCAC initiation and bundle components and implementing adherence evaluation could improve PCAC.
My final choice: speaking truth to power
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2021)

<h3>Objective</h3> To examine demographic and clinical characteristics associated with diagnostic delay in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). <h3>Methods</h3> We characterized a retrospective, population-based cohort of incident adult (≥18 years) PsA patients from Olmsted County, MN from 2000-17. All patients met classification criteria. Diagnostic delay was defined as the time from any patient-reported PsA-related joint symptom to a physician diagnosis of PsA. Factors associated with delay in PsA diagnosis were identified through logistic regression models. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 164 incident PsA cases from 2000-17, 162 had a physician or rheumatologist diagnosis. Mean (SD) age was 41.5 (12.6) and 46% were females. Median time from symptom onset to physician diagnosis was 2.5 years (interquartile range: 0.5 to 7.3). By six months, 38 (23%) received a diagnosis of PsA, 56 (35%) by one year and 73 (45%) by two years after symptom onset. No significant trend in diagnostic delay was observed over calendar time. Earlier age at onset of PsA symptoms, higher body mass index, and enthesitis were associated with a diagnostic delay of &gt;2 years, while sebopsoriasis was associated with a lower likelihood of delay. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our study, more than half of PsA patients had a diagnostic delay of &gt;2 years, and no significant improvement in time to diagnosis was noted between 2000-17. Patients with younger age at PsA symptom onset, higher BMI, or enthesitis before diagnosis were more likely to have a diagnostic delay of &gt;2 year while patients with sebopsoriasis were less likely to have a diagnostic delay.
Response Rate, Event-Free Survival, and Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: US Food and Drug Administration Trial-Level and Patient-Level Analyses
Authors: Kelly J. Norsworthy, Xin Gao, Chia-Wen Ko, E. Dianne Pulte, Jiaxi Zhou, Yutao Gong, Yuan Li Shen, Jonathon Vallejo, Thomas E. Gwise, Rajeshwari Sridhara, Albert B. Deisseroth, Ann T. Farrell, R. Angelo de Claro, Gideon M. Blumenthal, Richard Pazdur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

PURPOSE To explore trial-level and patient-level associations between response (complete remission [CR] and CR + CR with incomplete hematologic [CRi] or platelet [CRp] recovery), event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) trials of intensive chemotherapy. METHODS We identified data from eight randomized, active-controlled trials of intensive chemotherapy submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of newly diagnosed AML (N = 4,482). Associations between trial-level odds ratios (ORs) for CR and CR + CRi or CRp, and hazard ratios (HRs) for EFS and OS were analyzed using weighted linear regression models. We performed patient-level responder analyses to compare OS by response using pooled data from all studies. RESULTS In trial-level analyses, association between HR for OS and OR for CR was moderate (R 2 = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.86), as was the association with OR for CR + CRi or CRp (R 2 = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.99). For OS versus EFS, a strong association was observed (R 2 = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.98) when EFS definitions were harmonized across trials using raw data. In the patient-level responder analyses, patients who achieved CR had better OS compared with CRi or CRp responders (0.73; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.84) and nonresponders (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.37). CONCLUSION On a trial level, there is a moderate association between OS and CR rate. A strong association between EFS and OS was observed. However, CIs were wide, and results became moderate using alternative definitions for EFS. Patient-level analyses showed CR responders have better OS compared with CRi or CRp responders and nonresponders. A therapy in newly diagnosed AML with benefit in EFS or substantial benefit in CR rate would be likely to have an OS effect.
Ponatinib with fludarabine, cytarabine, idarubicin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor chemotherapy for patients with blast-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (MATCHPOINT): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1/2 trial
Authors: Mhairi Copland, Daniel Slade, Graham McIlroy, Gillian Horne, Jenny L Byrne, Kate Rothwell, Kristian Brock, Hugues De Lavallade, Charles Craddock, Richard E Clark, Matthew L Smith, Rachel Fletcher, Rebecca Bishop, Dragana Milojkovic, Christina Yap
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2021)