tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Opiate receptor antagonism in right-sided congestive heart failure. Naloxone exerts salutary hemodynamic effects through its action on the central nervous system.
Authors: SSakamoto, C KStone, P DWoolf, C SLiang
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Opiate receptor inhibition causes adrenergic receptor-mediated increases in aortic pressure, cardiac output, and left ventricular contractile function in right heart failure. To study whether the effects of opiate receptor inhibition are mediated by means of an action on the central opiate system, we administered equimolar doses of naloxone hydrochloride and naloxone methobromide (MeBr) and normal saline to heart failure dogs. Chronic stable right heart failure was produced by progressive pulmonary artery constriction and tricuspid valve avulsion. Naloxone hydrochloride caused an increase in mean aortic pressure, cardiac output, left ventricular dP/dt and dP/dt/P, plasma catecholamines, and regional blood flows to the myocardium, quadriceps muscle, kidneys, and splanchnic beds. Plasma beta-endorphin and adrenocorticotropin also increased. In contrast, neither normal saline nor naloxone MeBr (which does not cross the blood-brain barrier) affected the systemic or regional hemodynamics or neurohormones. Nalo...
Corticosteroids for Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Brian M. Greenwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Death and long-term disabilities are common outcomes of acute bacterial meningitis, especially in developing countries, even when highly effective antibiotic therapy is given. Therefore, improvement in the outcomes of acute bacterial meningitis is unlikely to come from developments in chemotherapy but rather from measures that alleviate the damage done before the causative bacteria are killed. Some of this damage is caused by bacterial toxins, but experiments in animals suggest that host inflammatory responses induced by bacterial products are also involved.1 Thus, there are strong theoretical grounds for believing that antiinflammatory drugs should improve the outcomes of acute bacterial meningitis. Establishing . . .
Abstract 14646: Atrial Fibrillation is Associated With Atrial Amyloid and Elevated Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Precursor Proteins
Authors: Patrick D Smith, Beth S Lovano, Lauren Gillinov, Robert Borden, Kurt Niebauer, Qingyu Wu, David R Van Wagoner, Mina K Chung
Journal: Circulation (2019)

Introduction: Atrial amyloid deposition has been reported with older age and may promote susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF). We tested the hypotheses that left atrial (LA) amyloid is associ...
Residual strain in rat left ventricle.
Authors: J HOmens, Y CFung
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Residual stress in an organ is defined as the stress that remains when all external loads are removed. Residual stress has generally been ignored in published papers on left ventricular wall stress. To take residual stress into account in the analysis of stress distributions in a beating heart, one must first measure the residual strain in the no-load state of the heart. Residual strains in equatorial cross-sectional rings (2-3 mm thick) of five potassium-arrested rat left ventricles were measured. The effects of friction and external loading were reduced by submersing the specimen in fluid, and a hypothermic, hyperkalemic arresting solution containing nifedipine and EGTA was used to delay the onset of ischemic contracture. Stainless steel microspheres (60-100 microns) were lightly imbedded on the surface of the slices, and the coordinates of the microspheres were digitized from photographs taken before and after a radial cut was made through the left ventricular free wall. Two-dimensional strains compute...
Mortality associated with diastolic hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.
Authors: G HRutan, L HKuller, J DNeaton, D NWentworth, R HMcDonald, W MSmith
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The large cohort of white men (317,871) 35 to 57 years old at initial screening for possible enrollment into the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) was examined with regard to initial blood pressure levels and subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and all-cause mortality. The overall prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than 90 mm Hg, was 0.67% among white men screened for MRFIT and increased with age (0.31% among 35- to 39-year-olds to 1.7% among 55- to 57-year-olds). The 6 year CHD and all-cause mortality rates in men over 50 were highest in those with ISH compared with both subjects with diastolic hypertension and those with normal pressure. The relative risk of death from stroke in those with ISH, compared with that in those with SBP less than 160 mm Hg and those with DBP less than 90 mm Hg, was 3.0 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 6.8). In addition,...
CPAP holiday: are we there yet?
Authors: Mafalda van Zeller, Marta Drummond
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

We appreciated the article by Rossi et al. [1] entitled "Is continuous positive airway pressure necessarily an everyday therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea?", as well as the corresponding editorial [2], recently published in the European Respiratory Journal . Indeed, there are limited data on the evolution of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and whether this treatment is required on a daily basis. Information to believe intermittent CPAP could improve adherence is scarce <http://ow.ly/DgZAi>
Vascular responses to activated leukocytes after regression of atherosclerosis.
Authors: R CPadgett, D DHeistad, AMügge, M LArmstrong, D JPiegors, J ALopez
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Activation of leukocytes in vivo produces marked constriction of large arteries in atherosclerotic, but not in normal, monkeys. We tested the hypotheses that vasoconstrictor responses to activated leukocytes in vivo may be abnormal during hypercholesterolemia before the development of atherosclerotic lesions and that responses may return to normal after the regression of atherosclerosis. Leukocytes were activated by injection of the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP) into the blood-perfused hind limb of four groups of cynomolgus monkeys: monkeys fed a normal diet (normal group, n = 18), monkeys fed an atherogenic diet for 3-4 months (hypercholesterolemic group, n = 6), monkeys fed an atherogenic diet for 20 months (atherosclerotic group, n = 19), and monkeys fed an atherogenic diet for 18 months, followed by a normal diet for 20 months (regression group, n = 14). Baseline resistance of large arteries was 1.5 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM), 2.0 +/- 0.6, 3.5 +/- 0.4 (p less than 0.05...
Cardiovascular responses to repeated treadmill exercise testing soon after myocardial infarction.
Authors: W LHaskell, RDeBusk
Journal: Circulation (1979)

To determine the response to repeated treadmill exercise testing soon after uncomplicated myocardial infarction, 24 males (mean age 54 +/- 6 years) performed two symptom-limited tests several days apart 3, 7 and 11 weeks after the acute event. Significant within-week differences were noted for peak exercise tolerance (mets) and peak heart rate at 7 weeks (p less than 0.05). Significant within-week differences in these variables were not noted for other weeks or for systolic blood pressure or heart rate-systolic blood pressure product for any of the three test periods. No significant within-week differences were noted for any variable recorded at a submaximal work load of 4 mets. The frequency of exercise-induced ischemic ST-segment depression, angina pectoris and premature ventricular complexes did not change from visit to visit and was highly reproducible (p less than 0.01). All test variables measured at peak exercise increased significantly between 3 and 11 weeks after infarction. We conclude that card...
Recovery-phase patterns of ST segment depression in the heart rate domain. Identification of coronary artery disease by the rate-recovery loop.
Authors: P MOkin, OAmeisen, PKligfield
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Although the time course of ST segment depression after exercise has been related to the presence and severity of coronary artery disease, recovery-phase patterns of ST segment depression with reference to changing heart rate have not been quantified. We have found distinct recovery loop patterns of ST segment depression that distinguish subjects without coronary disease from patients with coronary artery disease when ST segment depression is examined in the heart rate domain. Continuous plots of ST segment depression and heart rate were constructed throughout treadmill exercise and recovery in 100 clinically normal subjects, in 124 patients with coronary artery disease proven by catheterization, and in 17 patients with no significant coronary disease at catheterization. Among clinically normal subjects, 95% (95 of 100) had normal (clockwise) rate-recovery loops, and 5% (five of 100) had abnormal (counterclockwise) rate-recovery loops. In these normal subjects, the resulting 95% specificity of a normal ra...
TCTAP C-040 GPS by OCT: At the Next Crossroad, Turn Left
Authors: Alexey Sozykin, Pavel Grigor'evich Emelyanov, Alexandr Shlykov, Ludmila Ulyanova, Natalya Novikova, Evgeniy Averin, Aleksey Nikitin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
A definition of initial, fatty streak, and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis. A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association.
Authors: H CStary, A BChandler, SGlagov, J RGuyton, WInsull, M ERosenfeld, S ASchaffer, C JSchwartz, W DWagner, R WWissler
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The compositions of lesion types that precede and that may initiate the development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions are described and the possible mechanisms of their development are reviewed. While advanced lesions involve disorganization of the intima and deformity of the artery, such changes are absent or minimal in their precursors. Advanced lesions are either overtly clinical or they predispose to the complications that cause ischemic episodes; precursors are silent and do not lead directly to complications. The precursors are arranged in a temporal sequence of three characteristic lesion types. Types I and II are generally the only lesion types found in children, although they may also occur in adults. Type I lesions represent the very initial changes and are recognized as an increase in the number of intimal macrophages and the appearance of macrophages filled with lipid droplets (foam cells). Type II lesions include the fatty streak lesion, the first grossly visible lesion, and are characteriz...
Unusual Case Of Multi-Gated EUS Guided Pseudocyst Drainage
Authors: S Sundaram, S Harindranath, M Dodmani, M Irtaza, A Kale, A Shukla
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

28-year-old male was diagnosed with large bilobed pseudocyst of 22 X 13 cm in the lesser sac with atrophic pancreas. During EUS, the larger lobe was accessible through the esophagus and smaller through the stomach. Multi-gated approach for cystogastrostomy was considered due to size and approach needed. Punctures were taken through esophagus and stomach for drainage. While only stent was placed through the esophageal approach without balloon dilatation, the stomach tract was dilated up to 10 mm. There was complete resolution of the cyst at 6 weeks. Only 4 previous reports of trans-esophageal pseudocyst drainage were found on literature review.
The subfornical organ drives hypertension in polycystic kidney disease via the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
Authors: Conor F Underwood, Simon McMullan, Ann K Goodchild, Jacqueline K Phillips, Cara M Hildreth
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2021)

Hypertension is a prevalent yet poorly understood feature of polycystic kidney disease. Previously, we demonstrated that increased glutamatergic neurotransmission within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus produces hypertension in the Lewis Polycystic Kidney (LPK) rat model of polycystic kidney disease. Here, we tested the hypothesis that augmented glutamatergic drive to the paraventricular nucleus in Lewis polycystic kidney rats originates from the forebrain lamina terminalis, a sensory structure that relays blood-borne information throughout the brain.Anatomical experiments revealed that 38% of paraventricular nucleus-projecting neurons in the subfornical organ of the lamina terminalis expressed Fos/Fra, an activation marker, in LPK rats while <1% of neurons were Fos/Fra+ in Lewis control rats (P = 0.01, n = 8). In anaesthetized rats, subfornical organ neuronal inhibition using isoguvacine produced a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure in LPK vs. Lewis rats (-21±4 vs. -7±2 mmHg, P < 0.01; n = 10), which could be prevented by prior blockade of paraventricular nucleus ionotropic glutamate receptors using kynurenic acid. Blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the paraventricular nucleus produced an exaggerated depressor response in LPK relative to Lewis rats (-23±4 vs. -2±3 mmHg, P < 0.001; n = 13), which was corrected by prior inhibition of the subfornical organ with muscimol but unaffected by chronic systemic angiotensin II type I receptor antagonism or lowering of plasma hyperosmolality through high-water intake (P > 0.05); treatments that both nevertheless lowered blood pressure in LPK rats (P < 0.0001).Our data reveal multiple independent mechanisms contribute to hypertension in polycystic kidney disease, and identify high plasma osmolality, angiotensin II type I receptor activation and, importantly, a hyperactive subfornical organ to paraventricular nucleus glutamatergic pathway as potential therapeutic targets.
Concentration-dependent enhancement of junctional pacemaker activity by verapamil in man.
Authors: J BSchwartz, A PNielsen, J CGriffin
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The effects of verapamil on junctional and sinoatrial activity were studied in eight patients with third-degree atrioventricular block and stable junctional rhythms. After intravenous infusion of verapamil three steady-state levels were reached as follows: 34 +/- 16 (SS1), 68 +/- 30 (SS2), and 129 +/- 54 (SS3) ng/ml. At each steady-state level, spontaneous sinus and junctional cycle lengths, QT intervals, junctional recovery times after ventricular pacing, blood pressure, and circulating catecholamine concentrations were measured. These measurements were compared with observations made during an identical protocol (except for the exclusion of verapamil infusions) on a control day. No significant changes were detected in the spontaneous sinus or junctional cycle length, junctional recovery times at a fixed pacing cycle length, blood pressure, or circulating catecholamine concentrations during the control day. In response to verapamil, the mean junctional cycle length decreased from a baseline value of 1320...
TCTAP A-016 Intrahospital and Long-term Outcomes After True Bifurcation Stenting
Authors: Arnis Laduss, Evija Camane, Ilya Podolsky, Andrejs Erglis, Karlis Trusinskis, Gustavs Latkovskis, Dace Sondore, Inga Narbute, Andis Dombrovskis, Kristine Dombrovska, Ieva Briede, Aigars Lismanis, Ainars Rudzitis, Sanda Jegere, Indulis Kumsars
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021)
Evaluation of precordial orthogonal vectorcardiographic lead ST-segment magnitude in the assessment of myocardial ischemic injury.
Authors: J MFoerster, ZVera, D AJanzen, S JFoerster, D TMason
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Relationship has been established between epicardial ST-segment elevation, considered a reliable estimate of ischemic injury in experimental myocardial damage, and ST changes by multiple-lead precordial electrocardiography. However, 35-lead precordial mapping is time-consuming and suitable only for anterior infarctions. An alternate, more rapid method for recording ST segments is an external 3-lead orthogonal vectorcardiographic (VCG) system which also can assess the entire ventricle. Accordingly, validity of VCG ST magnitude was evaluated by direct comparison with changes in epicardial ST magnitude (EST) induced by occlusion of major coronary arteries, reperfusion, and pharmacologic interventions in 15 closed-chest dogs. A total of 404 data points (average 27/dog), 20 epicardial grid and 3 Frank XYZ leds each, demonstrated close correlation (least squares linear regression) between VCG ST and EST changes (r = 0.921 +/- 0.02 SEM). These data document the accuracy of precordial VCG ST in noninvasive assess...
Aortic stenosis surgery in infancy.
Authors: J FKeane, W FBernhard, A SNadas
Journal: Circulation (1975)

During the past 14 years, 28 infants (23 males) underwent valvotomy for severe aortic stenosis at the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston. The median age was two months and the oldest patient was six months old. Congestive heart failure was present in all but two babies. Preoperatively, the electrocardiogram was abnormal in all, with left ventricular hypertrophy and a strain pattern being present in 19. At cardiac catheterization, the peak systolic ejection gradient (PSEG) ranged from 35-130 mm Hg (median 90 mm Hg). Associated cardiac lesions were present in 39%. Twenty-four infants underwent valvotomy with inflow occlusion. Four patients were operated upon using cardiopulmonary bypass. There were eight early and two late deaths. The 18 survivors have been followed from six months to 11 years (median five years). Only four are symptomatic. Mild aortic regurgitation developed postoperatively in six patients, moderate in one and severe enough to require valve replacement in another one. The electro...
139P The impact of TP53 mutations on EGFR mt+ NSCLC IV patients treated with 3rd generation TKI on 2nd line or further line therapy: Real-world data from two certified lung cancer centers in Germany
Authors: J. Roeper, P. Christopoulos, M. Falk, L.C. Heukamp, A. Stenzinger, M. Thomas, F. Griesinger
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Assessment of right ventricular function during supine bicycle exercise after Mustard's operation.
Authors: L NBenson, JBonet, PMcLaughlin, P MOlley, DFeiglin, MDruck, GTrusler, R DRowe, JMorch
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Right ventricular (RV) performance during supine bicycle exercise was evaluated by gated equilibrium nuclear angiography in 19 clinically well children with d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA), 6.4 +/- 2.7 years after Mustard's operation. Comparisons were made between rest and peak exercise. The mean resting ejection fraction was 44 +/- 12% (range 30-75%) and was unchanged at peak exercise. Eight children had a normal ejection fraction response, whereas 11 children had either no increase or a decrease in ejection fraction. Relative end-diastolic volumes decreased from resting values in all patients who had an abnormal ejection fraction response. Among patients whose ejection fraction increased, the end-diastolic volume increased in three, decreased in four and was unchanged in one at peak exercise. Heart rate increased 84% (range 52-135%) and systolic blood pressure increased 16% (range 0-28%) at peak exercise. There was no correlation between exercise response and age at surgery or interval sin...
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibition of contraction may be mediated through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in rat aorta.
Authors: R MRapoport
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibits contraction through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. Sodium nitroprusside and atriopeptin II, agents which activate soluble and particulate guanylate cyclase, respectively, inhibited norepinephrine-induced contraction and accumulation of inositol monophosphate, a measure of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. Acetylcholine, an agent which elevates smooth muscle cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels through release of an endothelial-derived relaxing factor, induced similar inhibitory effects on contraction and inositol monophosphate accumulation in the presence but not absence of the endothelium. The cyclic nucleotide analogue 8-bromo cyclic guanosine monophosphate also inhibited contraction and inositol monophosphate accumulation. These results suggest that cyclic guanosine monophosphate may inhibit contraction through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. Furthermore, the inhibition of phosphati...
Modulation of arteriolar blood flow by inhibitors of arachidonic acid oxidation after thermal injury: possible role for a novel class of vasodilator metabolites.
Authors: K GProctor, SShatkin, P MKaminski, J RFalck, J HCapdevila
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To examine the contribution of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites to the maintenance of cutaneous vasomotor tone after thermal injury, enzyme inhibitors were topically applied to the hamster cheek pouch before and after a spot burn. By use of video microscopy, blood flow was measured in adjacent arterioles that supplied the injured site. Ringer's solutions containing no drug (vehicle), indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), BW755c (cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor), or ketoconazole (lipoxygenase/cytochrome P450 inhibitor) continuously suffused the entire tissue. There were no effects of these drugs on preburn blood flow at concentrations that blocked the vascular effects evoked by topical AA. In all groups, blood flow transiently increased after burn and thereafter decreased to levels that were altered by treatment. These results could not be attributed to alterations in vascular reactivity because neither the burn nor the drugs altered the vasodilation evoked by adenosine or prostacyclin. Relative ...
Frequency-dependent effects of quinidine on the relationship between action potential duration and refractoriness in the canine heart in situ.
Authors: M RFranz, ACostard
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To determine the normal relationship in vivo between action potential duration (APD) and effective refractory period (ERP) over a large range of steady-state cycle lengths (CLs) and to determine how a sodium channel-blocking agent, quinidine, affects this relationship, we developed a new contact electrode technique for simultaneous measurements of monophasic action potentials and refractoriness at a single site in the beating heart in situ. Recordings were made from left ventricular epicardium in open-chest dogs during steady-state pacing at CLs from 220 to 600 msec both before and after therapeutic intravenous administration of quinidine. During baseline both APD at 90% repolarization (APD90) and ERP were linearly correlated to CL with nearly identical slopes: y = 0.24x CL + 83.0 (r = 1.0; p less than .0001) for APD90 and y = 0.22x CL + 82.3 (r = 1.0; p less than .0001) for ERP. Expressed in percent repolarization, ERP coincided with a repolarization level of 79% to 83%, with no appreciable influence of ...
Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Mutated <i>NPM1</i> Is Dependent on the Cytoplasmic Localization of NPM1c
Authors: Lorenzo Brunetti, Michael Gundry, Anna Guzman, Ilaria Gionfriddo, Federica Mezzasoma, Francesca Milano, Maria Paola Martelli, Brunangelo Falini, Margaret Goodell
Journal: Blood (2017)