tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of empagliflozin on renal sodium and glucose handling in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Eva M. Boorsma, Joost C. Beusekamp, Jozine M. ter Maaten, Sylwia M. Figarska, A.H. Jan Danser, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Peter van der Meer, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Kevin Damman, Adriaan A. Voors
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2020)

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve clinical outcome in patients with heart failure (HF), but the mechanisms behind their beneficial effects are not yet fully understood. We examined the effects of empagliflozin on renal sodium and glucose handling in patients with acute HF.This study was a pre-defined sub-study of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre study (EMPA-RESPONSE-AHF). Patients were allocated within 24 h of an acute HF admission to either empagliflozin 10 mg/day (n = 40) or placebo (n = 39) for 30 days. Markers of glucose and sodium handling were measured daily during the first 96 h and at day 30. Patients were 76 (range 38-89) years old and 33% had diabetes. The use of loop diuretics during the first 96 h was similar in both groups. Empagliflozin increased fractional glucose excretion with a peak after 24 h (21.8% vs. 0.1%; P < 0.001), without affecting plasma glucose concentration, while fractional sodium and chloride excretion and urinary osmolality remained unchanged (P >0.3 for all). However, empagliflozin increased plasma osmolality (delta osmolality at 72 h: 5 ± 8 vs. 2 ± 5 mOsm/kg; P = 0.049). Finally, there was an early decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate with empagliflozin vs. placebo (-10 ± 12 vs. -2 ± 12 mL/min/1.73 m2 ; P = 0.009), which recovered within 30 days.In patients with acute HF, empagliflozin increased fractional glucose excretion and plasma osmolality, without affecting fractional sodium excretion or urine osmolality and caused a temporary decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate. This suggests that empagliflozin stimulates osmotic diuresis through increased glycosuria rather than natriuresis in patients with acute HF.
16465 Utility of 1565-nm nonablative fractional erbium laser in treatment of pediatric patients with acne scars measured by reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Nathalia Muñoz-Matallana, Mirna E. Toledo-Bahena, Rodrigo Roldan-Marin, Adriana Valencia Herrera, Carlos Alfredo Mena Cedillos
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
33P FDG-PET predictivity of pathological axillary nodal status in carcinoma breast-upfront and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) setting
Authors: K. Sekar, R. Lohith, N. Radheshyam, K. Kallur, K. Varun, S. Priya, S. Siyus
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2020)
高コレステロール血症患者の大きな冠動脈イベントに対するエイコサペンタエン酸の効果(JELIS):ランダム化非盲検,盲検エンドポイント分析
Authors: Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M, Matsuzawa Y, Saito Y, Ishikawa Y, Oikawa S, Sasaki J, Hishida H, Itakura H, Kita T, Kitabatake A, Nakaya N, Sakata T, Shimada K, Shirato K
Journal: The Lancet (2007)
15342 Patient characteristics and treatment strategies in pediatric patients diagnosed with atopic dermatitis versus eczema: A real-world retrospective cohort study
Authors: Natalie N. Boytsov, Orin Goldblum, Magdaliz Gorritz, William Malatestinic, Xiang Zhang, Xin Wang, Rolin L. Wade
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Sectm1a Facilitates Protection against Inflammation-Induced Organ Damage through Promoting TRM Self-Renewal
Authors: Xingjiang Mu, Hongkuan Fan, Peng Wang, Yutian Li, Karen Domenico, Qianqian Li, Xiaohong Wang, Kobina Essandoh, Jing Chen, Tianqing Peng, Guo-Chang Fan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2020)

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are sentinel cells for maintaining tissue homeostasis and organ function. In this study, we discovered that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration dramatically reduced TRM populations and suppressed their self-renewal capacities in multiple organs. Using loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we define Sectm1a as a novel regulator of TRM self-renewal. Specifically, at the earlier stage of endotoxemia, Sectm1a deficiency exaggerated acute inflammation-induced reduction of TRM numbers in multiple organs by suppressing their proliferation, which was associated with more infiltrations of inflammatory monocytes/neutrophils and more serious organ damage. By contrast, administration of recombinant Sectm1a enhanced TRM populations and improved animal survival upon endotoxin challenge. Mechanistically, we identified that Sectm1a-induced upregulation in the self-renewal capacity of TRM is dependent on GITR-activated T helper cell expansion and cytokine production. Meanwhile, we found that TRMs may play an important role in protecting local vascular integrity during endotoxemia. Our study demonstrates that Sectm1a contributes to stabling TRM populations through maintaining their self-renewal capacities, which benefits the host immune response to acute inflammation. Therefore, Sectm1a may serve as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
The development of laminin-alginate microspheres encapsulated with Ginsenoside Rg1 and ADSCs for breast reconstruction after lumpectomy
Authors: I-Hsuan Yang, Yo-Shen Chen, Jia-Jing Li, Ya-Jyun Liang, Tzu-Chieh Lin, Subhaini Jakfar, Minal Thacker, Shinn-Chih Wu, Feng-Huei Lin
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2020)

Many technologies have been developed for breast reconstruction after lumpectomy. Although the technologies achieved promising success in clinical, there are still many shortages hanging over and trouble the researchers. Tissue engineering technology was introduced to plastic surgery that gave a light to lumpectomy patients in breast reconstruction. The unexpected absorption rate, resulting from limited vascularization and low cell survival rate, is a major factor that leads to unsatisfactory results for the previous studies in our lab. In the study, the laminin-modified alginate synthesized by a new method of low concertation of sodium periodate would be mixed with ADSCs and Rg1 in the medium; and then sprayed into a calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution to prepare into microsphere (abbreviated as ADSC-G-LAMS) by bio-electrospray with a power syringe for the mass production and smaller bead size. The developed ADSC-G-LAMS microspheres had the diameter of 232 ± 42 μm. Sustained-release of the Rg1 retained its biological activity. WST-1, live/dead staining, and chromosome aberration assay were evaluated to confirm the safety of the microspheres. In in vivo study, ADSC-G-LAMS microspheres combined with autologous adipocytes were transplanted into the dorsum of rats by subcutaneous injection. The efficacy was investigated by H&E and immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the bioactive ADSC-G-LAMS microspheres could integrate well into the host adipose tissue with an adequate rate of angiogenesis by constantly releasing Rg1 to enhance the ADSC or adipocyte survival rate to join tissue growth and repair with adipogenesis for breast reconstruction after lumpectomy.
Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19
Authors: Jenny Meinhardt, Josefine Radke, Carsten Dittmayer, Jonas Franz, Carolina Thomas, Ronja Mothes, Michael Laue, Julia Schneider, Sebastian Brünink, Selina Greuel, Malte Lehmann, Olga Hassan, Tom Aschman, Elisa Schumann, Robert Lorenz Chua, Christian Conrad, Roland Eils, Werner Stenzel, Marc Windgassen, Larissa Rößler, Hans-Hilmar Goebel, Hans R. Gelderblom, Hubert Martin, Andreas Nitsche, Walter J. Schulz-Schaeffer, Samy Hakroush, Martin S. Winkler, Björn Tampe, Franziska Scheibe, Péter Körtvélyessy, Dirk Reinhold, Britta Siegmund, Anja A. Kühl, Sefer Elezkurtaj, David Horst, Lars Oesterhelweg, Michael Tsokos, Barbara Ingold-Heppner, Christine Stadelmann, Christian Drosten, Victor Max Corman, Helena Radbruch, Frank L. Heppner
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2020)

The newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a pandemic respiratory disease. Moreover, thromboembolic events throughout the body, including in the CNS, have been described. Given the neurological symptoms observed in a large majority of individuals with COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 penetrance of the CNS is likely. By various means, we demonstrate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and protein in anatomically distinct regions of the nasopharynx and brain. Furthermore, we describe the morphological changes associated with infection such as thromboembolic ischemic infarction of the CNS and present evidence of SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism. SARS-CoV-2 can enter the nervous system by crossing the neural-mucosal interface in olfactory mucosa, exploiting the close vicinity of olfactory mucosal, endothelial and nervous tissue, including delicate olfactory and sensory nerve endings. Subsequently, SARS-CoV-2 appears to follow neuroanatomical structures, penetrating defined neuroanatomical areas including the primary respiratory and cardiovascular control center in the medulla oblongata.
Did Omics change periodontal therapy?
Authors: Magda Feres, Belén Retamal‐Valdes, Cristiane Gonçalves, Luciene Cristina Figueiredo, Flavia Teles
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2020)

Abstract The starting point for defining effective treatment protocols is a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of a condition. In periodontal diseases, this understanding has been hindered by a number of factors, such as the difficulty in differentiating primary pathogens from nonpathogens in complex biofilm structures. The introduction of DNA sequencing technologies, including taxonomic and functional analyses, has allowed the oral microbiome to be investigated in much greater breadth and depth. This article aims to compile the results of studies, using next‐generation sequencing techniques to evaluate the periodontal microbiome, in an attempt to determine how far the knowledge provided by these studies has brought us in terms of influencing the way we treat periodontitis. The taxonomic data provided, to date, by published association and elimination studies using next‐generation sequencing confirm previous knowledge on the role of classic periodontal pathogens in the pathobiology of disease and include new species/genera. Conversely, species and genera already considered as host‐compatible and others less explored were associated with periodontal health as their levels were elevated in healthy individuals and increased after therapy. Functional and transcriptomic analyses also demonstrated that periodontal biofilms are taxonomically diverse, functionally congruent, and highly cooperative. Very few interventional studies to date have examined the effects of treatment on the periodontal microbiome, and such studies are heterogeneous in terms of design, sample size, sampling method, treatment provided, and duration of follow‐up. Hence, it is still difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from them. Thus, although OMICS knowledge has not yet changed the way we treat patients in daily practice, the information provided by these studies opens new avenues for future research in this field. As new pathogens and beneficial species become identified, future randomized clinical trials could monitor these species/genera more comprehensively. In addition, the metatranscriptomic data, although still embryonic, suggest that the interplay between the host and the oral microbiome may be our best opportunity to implement personalized periodontal treatments. Therapeutic schemes targeting particular bacterial protein products in subjects with specific genetic profiles, for example, may be the futuristic view of enhanced periodontal therapy.
Extremely drug-resistant NDM-9-producing ST147 Klebsiella pneumoniae causing infections in Italy, May 2020
Authors: Marco Falcone, Cesira Giordano, Simona Barnini, Giusy Tiseo, Alessandro Leonildi, Paolo Malacarne, Francesco Menichetti, Alessandra Carattoli
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2020)

A large outbreak of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type (ST) 147 occurred in Tuscany, Italy in 2018–2019. In 2020, ST147 NDM-9-producing K. pneumoniae were detected at the University Hospital of Pisa, Tuscany, in two critically ill patients; one developed bacteraemia. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest relatedness of 2018–2019 and 2020 strains, with a change from NDM-1 to NDM-9 in the latter and evolution by colistin, tigecycline and fosfomycin resistance acquisition.
Use of mandibular advancement devices for the treatment of primary snoring with or without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): A systematic review
Authors: Micheline M.D. De Meyer, Olivier M. Vanderveken, Sonia De Weerdt, Luc A.M. Marks, Bernadita A. Cárcamo, Andrés M. Chavez, Felipe A. Matamoros, Wolfgang Jacquet
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2020)
Metabolic Signatures of Healthy Lifestyle Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a European Cohort
Authors: Joseph A. Rothwell, Neil Murphy, Jelena Bešević, Nathalie Kliemann, Mazda Jenab, Pietro Ferrari, David Achaintre, Audrey Gicquiau, Béatrice Vozar, Augustin Scalbert, Inge Huybrechts, Heinz Freisling, Cornelia Prehn, Jerzy Adamski, Amanda J. Cross, Valeria Maria Pala, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Christina C. Dahm, Kim Overvad, Inger Torhild Gram, Torkjel M. Sandanger, Guri Skeie, Paula Jakszyn, Kostas K. Tsilidis, Krasimira Aleksandrova, Matthias B. Schulze, David J. Hughes, Bethany van Guelpen, Stina Bodén, Maria-José Sánchez, Julie A. Schmidt, Verena Katzke, Tilman Kühn, Sandra Colorado-Yohar, Rosario Tumino, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Paolo Vineis, Giovanna Masala, Salvatore Panico, Anne Kirstine Eriksen, Anne Tjønneland, Dagfinn Aune, Elisabete Weiderpass, Gianluca Severi, Véronique Chajès, Marc J. Gunter
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2020)
Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with advanced fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and shows a synergistic effect with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Julia Blomdahl, Patrik Nasr, Mattias Ekstedt, Stergios Kechagias
Journal: Metabolism (2020)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Whether moderate alcohol consumption plays a role for progression of NAFLD is disputed. Moreover, it is not known which tool is ideal for assessment of alcohol consumption in NAFLD. This study aimed to evaluate if moderate alcohol consumption assessed with different methods, including the biological marker phosphatidylethanol (PEth), is associated with advanced fibrosis in NAFLD.We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. All participants were clinically evaluated with medical history, blood tests, and anthropometric measurements. Alcohol consumption was assessed using PEth in blood, the questionnaire AUDIT-C, and clinical interview.86 patients were included of which 17% had advanced fibrosis. All participants reported alcohol consumption < 140 g/week. Average weekly alcohol consumption was higher in the group with advanced fibrosis. Moderate alcohol consumption, independently of the method of assessment, was associated with increased probability of advanced fibrosis (adjusted OR 5.5-9.7, 95% CI 1.05-69.6). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) consuming moderate amounts of alcohol had a significantly higher rate of advanced fibrosis compared with those consuming low amounts (50.0-60.0% vs. 3.3-21.6%, p < 0.05).Moderate alcohol consumption, irrespective of assessment method (clinical interview, AUDIT-C, and PEth), was associated with advanced fibrosis. PEth in blood ≥ 50 ng/mL may be a biological marker indicating increased risk for advanced fibrosis in NAFLD. Patients with T2DM consuming moderate amounts of alcohol had the highest risk of advanced fibrosis, indicating a synergistic effect of insulin resistance and alcohol on the histopathological progression of NAFLD.
GPs call for hospitals to be fined for inappropriate workload transfer
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2020)

Hospitals should be fined if they do not take action to reduce the amount of work being transferred from secondary to primary care, GPs have said.

They complained that incidents of hospital doctors “dumping” inappropriate work on to GPs had increased during the covid-19 pandemic.

A motion passed at the annual conference of England’s local medical committees (LMCs) on 27 November called on the BMA’s General Practitioners Committee to ensure that GPs were not held responsible if patients deteriorated while on a waiting list for hospital care.

It called on the committee to agree financial sanctions against providers who do not reduce the transfer of work from secondary to primary care, with resulting funds payable directly to the practices affected.

The motion also said that the committee should urgently …
17954 Vitamin D plasma levels after mild exposure to the sun with photoprotection: Is there any variation?
Authors: Luiza Alonso Pereira Ruas, Rubens Antunes da Cruz Filho, Flávio Barbosa Luz, Analucia Rampazzo Xavier, Hélio Miot, Clivia Oliveira Carneiro, Kamilla Missiaggio Cruz, Salim Kanaan, Sandra Maria Barbosa Durães, Francisco E. Pacifici Guimarães
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
Hearing Loss in Children
Authors: Judith E. C. Lieu, Margaret Kenna, Samantha Anne, Lisa Davidson
Journal: JAMA (2020)

<h3>Importance</h3> Hearing loss in children is common and by age 18 years, affects nearly 1 of every 5 children. Without hearing rehabilitation, hearing loss can cause detrimental effects on speech, language, developmental, educational, and cognitive outcomes in children. <h3>Observations</h3> Consequences of hearing loss in children include worse outcomes in speech, language, education, social functioning, cognitive abilities, and quality of life. Hearing loss can be congenital, delayed onset, or acquired with possible etiologies including congenital infections, genetic causes including syndromic and nonsyndromic etiologies, and trauma, among others. Evaluation of hearing loss must be based on suspected diagnosis, type, laterality and degree of hearing loss, age of onset, and additional variables such as exposure to cranial irradiation. Hearing rehabilitation for children with hearing loss may include use of hearing aids, cochlear implants, bone anchored devices, or use of assistive devices such as frequency modulating systems. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Hearing loss in children is common, and there has been substantial progress in diagnosis and management of these cases. Early identification of hearing loss and understanding its etiology can assist with prognosis and counseling of families. In addition, awareness of treatment strategies including the many hearing device options, cochlear implant, and assistive devices can help direct management of the patient to optimize outcomes.
Disparity in clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery between private and public (NHS) payers in England
Authors: Umberto Benedetto, Arnaldo Dimagli, Ben Gibbison, Shubhra Sinha, Maria Pufulete, Daniel Fudulu, Lucia Cocomello, Alan J. Bryan, Sunil Ohri, Massimo Caputo, Graham Cooper, Tim Dong, Enoch Akowuah, Gianni D. Angelini
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2021)

There is little known about how payer status impacts clinical outcomes in a universal single-payer system such as the UK National Health Service (NHS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between payer status (private or public) and clinical outcomes following cardiac surgery from NHS providers in England.The National Adult Cardiac Surgery Audit (NACSA) registry was interrogated for patients who underwent adult cardiac surgery in England from 2009 to 2018. Information on socioeconomic status were provided by linkage with the Iteration of the English Indices of Deprivation (IoD). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included incidence of in-hospital postoperative cerebrovascular accident (CVA), renal dialysis, sternal wound infection, and re-exploration. To assess whether payer status was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, binomial generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were fitted along with 17 items forming the EuroSCORE and the IoD domains.The final sample consisted of 280,209 patients who underwent surgery in 31 NHS hospitals in England from 2009 to 2018. Of them, 5,967 (2.1%) and 274,242 (97.9%) were private and NHS payers respectively. Private payer status was associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 0.79; 95%CI 0.65 - 0.97;P = 0.026), CVA (OR 0.77; 95%CI 0.60 - 0.99; P = 0.039), need for re-exploration (OR 0.84; 95%CI 0.72 - 0.97; P = 0.017) and with non-significant lower risk of dialysis (OR 0.84; 95%CI 0.69 - 1.02; P = 0.074). Private payer status was found to be independently associated with lower risk of in-hospital mortality in the elective subgroup (OR 0.76; 95%CI 0.61 - 0.96; P = 0.020) but not in the non-elective subgroup (OR 1.01; 95%CI 0.64 - 1.58; P = 0.976).In conclusion, using a national database, we have found evidence of significant beneficial effect of payer status on hospital outcomes following cardiac surgery in favour of private payers regardless their socioeconomic factors.
Patient outcomes after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and implications for follow-up: results from a prospective UK cohort
Authors: David T Arnold, Fergus W Hamilton, Alice Milne, Anna J Morley, Jason Viner, Marie Attwood, Alan Noel, Samuel Gunning, Jessica Hatrick, Sassa Hamilton, Karen T Elvers, Catherine Hyams, Anna Bibby, Ed Moran, Huzaifa I Adamali, James William Dodd, Nicholas A Maskell, Shaney L Barratt
Journal: Thorax (2020)

The longer-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection are uncertain. Consecutive patients hospitalised with COVID-19 were prospectively recruited to this observational study (n=163). At 8–12 weeks postadmission, survivors were invited to a systematic clinical follow-up. Of 131 participants, 110 attended the follow-up clinic. Most (74%) had persistent symptoms (notably breathlessness and excessive fatigue) and limitations in reported physical ability. However, clinically significant abnormalities in chest radiograph, exercise tests, blood tests and spirometry were less frequent (35%), especially in patients not requiring supplementary oxygen during their acute infection (7%). Results suggest that a holistic approach focusing on rehabilitation and general well-being is paramount.