tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P070: Individual And Environmental Correlates Of Objectively Assessed Physical Activity Levels In Rural Residents
Authors: Natalicio Serrano, Ross Brownson, Alan M Beck
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Introduction: Rural communities in the US face disproportionately higher rates of physical inactivity as well as coronary heart disease mortality, when compared to their urban and suburban counterparts. As such, increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing barriers to PA is critical in improving population health. Neighborhood characteristics have been shown to influence PA, but are understudied in rural communities. The current analysis: (1) describes PA patterns in rural mid-western communities, and (2) examines the associations of and interactions between individual and environmental correlates of objectively assessed weekly moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes. Hypotheses: Overall, we expected low levels of weekly MVPA in rural residents; with lower levels anticipated in female, older, and low-income participants. We also expected positive associations of favorable perceptions of the neighborhood environment, trail use, and self-efficacy for PA with weekly MVPA. Finally, the test of interactions between intrapersonal and perceived environmental factors in relation to weekly MVPA is exploratory. Methods: Telephone surveys were conducted with 280 adults in 14 rural southeast Missouri communities, who were also asked to wear accelerometer devices for seven days. Participants were recruited via address-based sampling, and at local community events. Participants self-reported demographic information (age, sex, income), individual level behavioral factors (self-efficacy for PA, trail use) and neighborhood environment perceptions (indoor recreational access, safety from traffic, home neighborhood environment). Weekly MVPA minutes were assessed using the accelerometry data. Generalized linear mixed models using a negative binomial distribution were used examining associations of and interactions between individual characteristics and environmental correlates with weekly MVPA (Analyses were conducted using STATA V15). Results: Participants had a weekly average of 97 minutes MVPA, with 21% meeting PA guidelines. Increased age and being female were significantly associated with lower weekly MVPA. Additionally, increased self-efficacy and trail use were significantly associated with higher weekly MVPA. When exploring interaction effects, there was a significant interaction between gender and safety from traffic. For females, increased perceived safety from traffic was associated with lower MVPA. Conclusions: Rural residents have low levels of PA with less than a quarter meeting PA guidelines (75 minutes of vigorous and/or 150 minutes of moderate PA per week). Specifically, female residents face disproportionately lower levels of MVPA, with only 75 weekly minutes compared to 135 weekly minutes in males. Promoting trail use and targeting self efficacy for PA, may be effective strategies for increasing PA in rural residents.
An objective assessment of children's exposure to brand marketing in New Zealand (Kids'Cam): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Leah Watkins, Ryan Gage, Moira Smith, Christina McKerchar, Robert Aitken, Louise Signal
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2022)

BackgroundMarketing promotes values of consumerism and overconsumption, and negatively affects children's wellbeing and psychological development. The threat marketing poses to planetary health is just being realised. However, little is known about children's exposure to marketing at an aggregate level. Using an objective method of wearable cameras, we aimed to determine the nature and extent of children's exposure to marketing.MethodsKids'Cam was a cross-sectional study of children aged 11–13 years in New Zealand, from which we randomly selected a sample of 90 children. Children wore cameras from when they woke up until they went to sleep for four consecutive days (Thursday–Sunday) that captured images at an angle of 136° every 7 s for exposure to marketing. Marketing brands were categorised into three groups: core food and social marketing messages, harmful commodities (eg, non-core food, alcohol, and gambling), or other. Exposure rates by marketing medium, setting, and product category were calculated using negative binomial regression models.FindingsFrom June 21, 2014, to June 30, 2015, we recruited 168 children, and randomly selected data from 90 children for the present study. Children in this study were exposed to a mean of 554 brands per 10 h day (95% CI 491–625), nearly a brand a minute, through multiple mediums (predominantly brand labels [36% of exposures] and product packaging [22%]) and mostly in schools (43%) and at home (30%). Food and beverages (20% of exposures) were the dominant product category. The most pervasive marketing brands typically sold a range of products across more than one product category (eg, children were exposed to Nike on average 20 exposures per day). Children were exposed to more than twice as many harmful commodities (mean 76 per 10 h day [95% CI 55–105]) as core food and social marketing messages (32 [26–39]) per day.InterpretationWe found that children are repeatedly exposed to marketing through multiple mediums and across all settings, and our findings suggests that marketing privileges particular messages, for example, marketing of harmful commodities. Given the key role marketing plays in establishing and supporting consumption norms, and perpetuating the normalisation of overconsumption which contributes to environmental degradation, these findings suggest an urgent need to reduce marketing to promote planetary health.FundingThis research was funded by a University of Otago, Dean's Research Grant. The Kids'Cam study was funded by a Health Research Council of New Zealand Programme Grant (13/724).
Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy plus Nivolumab before Surgery in Patients with Microsatellite Stable and Microsatellite Instability–High Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Hideaki Bando, Yuichiro Tsukada, Koji Inamori, Yosuke Togashi, Shohei Koyama, Daisuke Kotani, Shota Fukuoka, Satoshi Yuki, Yoshito Komatsu, Shigenori Homma, Akinobu Taketomi, Mamoru Uemura, Takeshi Kato, Makoto Fukui, Masashi Wakabayashi, Naoki Nakamura, Motohiro Kojima, Hiroshi Kawachi, Richard Kirsch, Tsutomu Yoshida, Yutaka Suzuki, Akihiro Sato, Hiroyoshi Nishikawa, Masaaki Ito, Takayuki Yoshino
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgical resection are the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with radiation suggests a promising approach for enhancing efficacy. We investigated the efficacy of CRT followed by nivolumab and surgery in patients with LARC.In phase I, we investigated the feasibility of sequentially combined CRT, 5 cycles of nivolumab, and radical surgery. In phase II, patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) LARC were evaluated.Three patients in phase I received full courses of CRT and nivolumab without dose modification; the schedule was recommended for phase II. A pathologic complete response (pCR) was centrally confirmed in 30% [11/37; 90% confidence interval (CI), 18%-44%] and 60% (3/5) of the MSS and exploratory MSI-H cohorts, respectively. While immune-related severe adverse events were observed in 3 patients, no treatment-related deaths were observed. In 38 patients with MSS who underwent surgery, pCR rates of 75% (6/8) and 17% (5/30; P = 0.004, Fisher exact test) were observed in those with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score ≥1% and <1%, respectively; IHC staining was performed using pre-CRT samples. In 24 patients with MSS, pre-CRT samples were analyzed by flow cytometry; pCR rates of 78% (7/9) and 13% (2/15; P = 0.003, Fisher exact test) were observed for CD8+ T cell/effector regulatory T cell (CD8/eTreg) ratios of ≥2.5 and <2.5, respectively, in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.CRT followed by consolidation nivolumab could increase pCR. PD-L1 expression and an elevated CD8/eTreg ratio were positive predictors in patients with MSS LARC.
Abstract P078: Determinants Of Functionality In An Elderly Population With Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Cristina P Baena, Cristina P Baena, GRAZIELLA MARTINS DE DE MELLO, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Souza, Javier Roig, Ariele Barreto Haagsma, Marcia Olandoski
Journal: Circulation (2022)

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the major cause of pain and disability in the elderly. Current treatments include rest, which could potentially harness the global health of these individuals. Aim: To test age, sex, number of comorbidities and levels of physical activity (PA) as determinants of functionality in a well stablished elderly population with hip OA. Methods: We analyzed 548 men and 1540 women with self-reported OA and hip pain over 60 years from SHARE. Sex and age groups were created 428 men 60-79 years old (20.5%) ; 1128 women 60-79 years old ( 54%); 120 men 80-100 ( 5.7%) years and 412 women 80-100 years ( 19.7%). PA was measured as moderate and vigorous (reference)or physically inactive . Five or more comorbidities were compared to one (reference) . Functionality measurement were handgrip strength (cutoffs were &lt;27kg for men and &lt;16kg for women); single chair five times ( limited when arms were used or across their chest) to stand up from a sitting position ; daily living activities (ADL) (dressing, including shoes and socks) and number of limitations on ADL. We built logistic regression models having functional measures as dependent variables and gender/age, number of comorbidities and levels of PA as response variables. In order to explore the determinants of the association we used stepwise analysis, including all significant variables in the univariate analysis. Results: Limited handgrip was associated with age in women 80-100 compared to women 60-79 OR (95%) 2.40 (1.74-3.32); to five or more comorbidities OR (95% CI) 3.08 ( 1.70-5.60) and to physical inactivity OR (95% CI) 2.08 (1 .53-2.82). Limited single chair was associated with age , women 80-100 OR (95% CI) 2.01 ( 1.55-2.61) compared to women 60-79; five or more comorbidities OR (95% CI) 2.52 ( 2.49-4.81); physical inactivity OR (95% CI) 5.93 ( 6.26-9.91). ADL limitation was associated with age in women 80-100y compared to women 60-79y OR (95% CI) 1.79 (1.38-2.32); five or more comorbidities OR (95% CI) 2.80 ( 1.91-4.09); and physical inactivity OR (95% CI) 4.69 ( 3.74-5.88). Limitations in dressing shoes or socks were associated with five or more comorbidities OR(95%) 2.49 (1.63-3.80); physical inactivity OR(95%) 4.22 (95% CI 3.34-5.32) . Limitation to get up from the chair was associated with five or more comorbidities OR(95%) 2.84 (2.06-3.92) and physical inactivity OR (95% CI) 2.49 1.95-3.16). All associations were independent from smoke, alcohol consumption BMI and previous illnesses. Conclusion: Functionality decreased significantly across age with a steep decline over 79 y for men and women with OA. The association with the number of comorbidities and levels of physical activity point to timely interventions aiming at global health in this population.
Tie2 Receptor in Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages Is Dispensable for Tumor Angiogenesis and Tumor Relapse after Chemotherapy
Authors: Moritz Jakab, Till Rostalski, Ki Hong Lee, Carolin Mogler, Hellmut G. Augustin
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Tumor relapse after chemotherapy relies on the reconstruction of damaged tumor vasculature. In this context, proangiogenic Tie2-expressing macrophages have been suggested to serve as crucial instructors of tumor revascularization by secreting angiogenic factors while being closely associated with the vessel wall. Although the proangiogenic nature of Tie2+ macrophages is well described, the functional contribution of macrophage Tie2 expression remains elusive. Here, we employed a Cre-loxP system to specifically delete Tie2 in macrophages. In multiple syngeneic solid tumor models and two distinct chemotherapeutic treatment regimens, macrophage-expressed Tie2 did not contribute to primary tumor growth, tumor revascularization after chemotherapy, tumor recurrence, or metastasis. Exposing cultured murine macrophage cell lines and bone marrow–derived macrophages to hypoxia or stimulating them with Ang2 did not induce expression of Tie2 at the RNA or protein level. Furthermore, a comprehensive meta-analysis of publicly available single cell RNA sequencing datasets of human and murine tumor-infiltrating CD11b+ myeloid cells did not reveal a transcriptionally distinct macrophage population marked by the expression of Tie2. Collectively, these data question the previously reported critical role of Tie2-expressing macrophages for tumor angiogenesis and tumor relapse after chemotherapy. Moreover, lack of Tie2 inducibility and absence of Tie2-positive macrophages in multiple recently published tumor studies refute a possible prognostic value of macrophage-expressed Tie2. Significance: Multiple preclinical tumor models, cell stimulation experiments, and meta-analysis of published tumor single cell RNA sequencing data challenge the reported role of Tie2-positive macrophages for tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and relapse after chemotherapy. See related commentary by Zhang and Brekken, p. 1172
Yin and Yang of Psychological Health in the Cancer Experience: Does Positive Psychology Have a Role?
Authors: Hermioni L. Amonoo, Areej El-Jawahri, Emma C. Deary, Lara N. Traeger, Corey S. Cutler, Joseph A. Antin, Jeff C. Huffman, Stephanie J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)
80O Atezolizumab (atezo) vs best supportive care (BSC) in stage II-IIIA NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression: Sub-analysis from the pivotal phase III IMpower010 study
Authors: E. Felip, N.K. Altorki, C. Zhou, E. Vallieres, I.O. Vynnychenko, A. Akopov, A. Martinez-Marti, A. Chella, I. Bondarenko, G. Ursol, E. Levchenko, N. Kislov, R. Liersch, R. Belleli, V.A. McNally, E. Bennett, B.J. Gitlitz, H. Wakelee
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccination in patients receiving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or chemoimmunotherapy for solid tumours: a prospective, multicentre, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Sjoukje F Oosting, Astrid A M van der Veldt, Corine H GeurtsvanKessel, Rudolf S N Fehrmann, Rob S van Binnendijk, Anne-Marie C Dingemans, Egbert F Smit, T Jeroen N Hiltermann, Gerco den Hartog, Mathilda Jalving, Tatjana T Westphal, Arkajyoti Bhattacharya, Marieke van der Heiden, Guus F Rimmelzwaan, Pia Kvistborg, Christian U Blank, Marion P G Koopmans, Anke L W Huckriede, Cecile A C M van Els, Nynke Y Rots, Debbie van Baarle, John B A G Haanen, Elisabeth G E de Vries
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2021)
41P Progression after chemo-IO and durvalumab in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): What should be the next line? Real-world study
Authors: T. Shentzer Kutiel, S. Shamai, B. Waissengrin, D. Urban, S. Daher, H. Sorotzky, M. Wollner, A. Zer, J. Bar, M. Moskovitz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2022)
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in a Patient With Primary Prostatic Synovial Sarcoma Combined With Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Zhenghao Tong, Xueqi Chen, Qian Li, Yan Fan, Jianhua Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Abstract A 41-year-old man with 1-year history of hypertension was discovered to have a right adrenal mass on abdominal ultrasound. Contrast CT was performed to discriminate malignant from benign tumor, which revealed tumors of right adrenal gland and prostate. 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan was performed for lesion characterization, and ruling out any distant metastasis. PET/CT scan showed high uptake in the right adrenal and prostatic lesions, which were surgically approved as adrenocortical carcinoma and primary prostatic synovial sarcoma.
Two Cases of Epstein-Barr Virus–Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer Mimicking Head and Neck Cancers in 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hitomi Kawamura, Sho Koyasu, Akihiko Sugimoto, Yuji Nakamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2021)

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus–positive mucocutaneous ulcer is a newly recognized clinicopathological entity among mature B-cell neoplasms according to the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. Here, we present FDG PET/CT images of 2 Epstein-Barr virus–positive mucocutaneous ulcer cases. Both cases shown in the images mimicked head and neck cancers, which are similar to carcinomas of the tonsil and gingiva, respectively, and both lesions showed intense FDG uptake on PET scan.
Combined Inhibition of SHP2 and CXCR1/2 Promotes Antitumor T-cell Response in NSCLC
Authors: Kwan Ho Tang, Shuai Li, Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran, Jayu Jen, Han Han, Kayla Guidry, Ting Chen, Yuan Hao, Carmine Fedele, John A. Zebala, Dean Y. Maeda, James G. Christensen, Peter Olson, Argus Athanas, Cynthia A. Loomis, Aristotelis Tsirigos, Kwok-Kin Wong, Benjamin G. Neel
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2021)

Abstract SHP2 inhibitors (SHP2i) alone and in various combinations are being tested in multiple tumors with overactivation of the RAS/ERK pathway. SHP2 plays critical roles in normal cell signaling; hence, SHP2is could influence the tumor microenvironment. We found that SHP2i treatment depleted alveolar and M2-like macrophages, induced tumor-intrinsic CCL5/CXCL10 secretion, and promoted B and T lymphocyte infiltration in Kras- and Egfr-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, treatment also increased intratumor granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSC) via tumor-intrinsic, NFκB-dependent production of CXCR2 ligands. Other RAS/ERK pathway inhibitors also induced CXCR2 ligands and gMDSC influx in mice, and CXCR2 ligands were induced in tumors from patients on KRASG12C inhibitor trials. Combined SHP2 (SHP099)/CXCR1/2 (SX682) inhibition depleted a specific cluster of S100a8/9hi gMDSCs, generated Klrg1+ CD8+ effector T cells with a strong cytotoxic phenotype but expressing the checkpoint receptor NKG2A, and enhanced survival in Kras- and Egfr-mutant models. Our results argue for testing RAS/ERK pathway/CXCR1/2/NKG2A inhibitor combinations in patients with NSCLC. Significance: Our study shows that inhibiting the SHP2/RAS/ERK pathway triggers NFκB-dependent upregulation of CXCR2 ligands and recruitment of S100A8hi gMDSCs, which suppress T cells. Combining SHP2/CXCR2 inhibitors blocks gMDSC immigration, resulting in enhanced Th1 polarization, induced CD8+KLRG1+ effector T cells with high cytotoxic activity, and improved survival in multiple NSCLC models. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Abstract 11871: Left Ventricular End Diastolic Diameter as a Predictor of Severe Functional Mitral Regurgitation Persistence Following Acute Heart Failure Hospitalization
Authors: Kusha Rahgozar, Christopher Hase, Rachna Kataria, Shivank A MADAN, Azeem Latib, Ulrich P Jorde
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: The phenotype of patients with functional mitral regurgitation (fMR) is broad. We sought to study the relationship of left-ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd) with severe fMR persistence after acute heart failure hospitalization. Methods/Results: We conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutively admitted patients to Montefiore Medical Center between 2012-2017 for acute-decompensated heart-failure (ADHF) who also had a severe fMR on index transthoracic-echocardiogram (TTE), and had follow-up TTE available within 1-6 months of hospital discharge. Patients were categorized into two subgroups based on whether their follow-up TTE showed improvement in fMR severity to moderate/less vs. persistence of severe fMR and compared for baseline characteristics. Relationship between LVIDd quartiles based on LVIDd on index TTE, and rates of persistent severe fMR on follow-up TTE were also evaluated. A total of 134 patients met our study criteria, n= 53(40%) with improved fMR and n=81(60%) with persistent severe fMR on follow-up TTE. The two groups were similar including guideline-directed-medical-therapy (GDMT) and diuretic use (Table-1). Patients in the highest LVIDd quartile (≥6.4cm) were less likely to have fMR improvement on follow-up TTE than patients in the 1 st -3 rd quartiles (19% vs 46%,p=0.007, Figure 1). Conclusions: LVIDd on index TTE at time of ADHF-hospitalization was associated with severe fMR persistence post-discharge. In our cohort, LVIDd ≥6.4cm was associated with lower likelihood of improvement in severe fMR with pharmacotherapy alone, and may help to identify patients who may benefit from interventional therapies.
Estimating burden of syphilis among men who have sex with men – Authors' reply
Authors: R Matthew Chico, Motoyuki Tsuboi, Jayne Evans, Ella P Davies, Jane Rowley, Eline L Korenromp, Tim Clayton, David Mabey, Melanie M Taylor
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

Can a change in venues sampled in syphilis serosurveys influence prevalence estimates among men who have sex with men (MSM), and has this contributed to spurious trends of decline in the past decade? In this issue of The Lancet Global Health, Ting-Ting Jiang and colleagues in their Correspondence pose this question and note evidence from China that HIV prevalence evaluated among MSM at public bathhouses and saunas is consistently higher than among MSM recruited through internet sites.1 This difference in testing venues could extend to syphilis, although such a difference was not apparent in our recent global systematic review and meta-analysis of syphilis prevalence among MSM published in The Lancet Global Health.
ROADMAPS: An Online Database of Response Data, Dosing Regimens, and Toxicities of Approved Oncology Drugs as Single Agents to Guide Preclinical <i>In Vivo</i> Studies
Authors: Melinda G. Hollingshead, Nathaniel Greenberg, Michelle Gottholm-Ahalt, Richard Camalier, Barry C. Johnson, Jerry M. Collins, James H. Doroshow
Journal: Cancer Research (2022)

Abstract Preclinical studies provide valuable data in the early development of novel drugs for patients with cancer. Many cancer treatment regimens now utilize multiple agents with different targets to delay the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells, and experimental agents are often evaluated in combination with FDA-approved drugs. The Biological Testing Branch (BTB) of the U.S. NCI has evaluated more than 70 FDA-approved oncology drugs to date in human xenograft models. Here, we report the first release of a publicly available, downloadable spreadsheet, ROADMAPS (Responses to Oncology Agents and Dosing in Models to Aid Preclinical Studies, dtp.cancer.gov/databases_tools/roadmaps.htm), that provides data filterable by agent, dose, dosing schedule, route of administration, tumor models tested, responses, host mouse strain, maximum weight loss, drug-related deaths, and vehicle formulation for preclinical experiments conducted by the BTB. Data from 70 different single targeted and cytotoxic agents and 140 different xenograft models were included. Multiple xenograft models were tested in immunocompromised mice for many cancer histologies, with lung cancer as the most broadly tested (24 models). Many of the dose levels and schedules used in these experiments were comparable with those tolerated in humans. Targeted and cytotoxic single agents were included. The online spreadsheet will be updated periodically as additional agent/dose/model combinations are evaluated. ROADMAPS is intended to serve as a publicly available resource for the research community to inform the design of clinically relevant, tolerable single and combinatorial regimens in preclinical mouse models. Significance: ROADMAPS includes data that can be used to identify tolerable dosing regimens with activity against a variety of human tumors in different mouse strains, providing a resource for planning preclinical studies.