tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GI oncology/clinical
Authors: N Vinogradov, A Arrigoni, M Pennazio, A Bertone, C Gemme, M Cavallero, M Spandre, F Rossini, K Bewo, M Volkovova, P Staruchova, M Bobek, B Melichar, P Jandik, F Malir, D Solichova, J Komarkova, B Bures, Y Mikami, R Hada, T Ito, H Kobori, J Suzuki, H Suzuki, Y Sugiyama
Journal: Gut (1994)

Aim: To reveal the mechanisms of hormone levels' changes in blood in pa- tients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and acute gastrointestinal infections (AGII).Patients and Methods: 117 AVH (33 mild, 76 moderate, 8 severe) and 50 AGII patients were RIA-tested for adrenocortical, thyroid, and pancreatic islet hormones' blood levels.AST and ALT activities and bilirubin in blood were also measured in AVH patients.All the patients didn't have endocrine dis- eases, their glucosemia was normal.Results: High ACTH, cortisol, T4, TBG, insulin, and glucagon and low TSH, T3, and C-peptide accompanied the AVH and AGII acute phase.The hormone levels approximated the healthy controls' (62 individuals) values during conva- lescence.As an exception, patients with severe AVH had normocortisolemia.Hypercortisolemia was higher in mild versus moderate AVH.Maximal corti- solemia in each individual AVH patient used to coincide with maximal values of bilirubinemia and AST and ALT activities.Hepatitis exacerbation evoked repeated hypercortisolemia.AVH patients' strong correlation: positive -ALT- ACTH, ALT-TBG, ALT-T4, ACTH-TBG, T4-TBG, negative -cortisol-T3, ALT-TSH, ALT-T3, T3-T4, T3-TBG.Discussion: Severity-cortisolemia irreversible proportion during AVH acute phase indicates towards adrenocortical activation being the main cause of hypercortisolemia (though lowered intrahepatocyte cortisol cleavage cannot be denied) and explain the corticosteroid trend in severe hepatitis treatment.Hyperinsulinemia, normoglucosemia, and low C-peptide in non-diabetic pa- tients with AVH and AGII reflect tissues' temporary insulin resistance.
High-diagnostic accuracy of inguinal ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration followed by dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy in men with non-palpable and palpable inguinal lymph nodes.
Authors: Esther Wan Ching Lee, Allaudin Issa, Pedro Oliveira, Maurice Lau, Vijay Sangar, Arie Parnham, Christian Daniel Fankhauser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

6 Background: Penile cancer undergoes a stepwise dissemination and metastasises first to the inguinal lymph nodes (ILN). Because men can be cured in this early stage of metastatic disease, early detection and treatment is important. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of men with ≥T1G2 penile cancer and negative inguinal US guided FNA undergoing DSNB. Men with suspicious US but negative FNA underwent US guided ILN excision. Men with ≥T1G2 local recurrence during follow-up and non-squamous cell histologies were excluded. Descriptive analysis was performed, and sensitivity and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. Results: The final cohort consisted of 403 men with a median age of 65 years (IQR 55-73) and body mass index (BMI) of 28.6 kg/m² (IQR 25-33) for this analysis. This gave 728 groins with negative FNA undergoing DSNB +/- US guided lymph node excision. At least one sentinel node (SN) was visualised in 93% during the 1st and in 7% during the 2nd lymphoscintigraphy. Median SNs visualised preoperatively was 1 and a median of 2 nodes were resected. ILN metastases were detected in 9% groins with non-palpable and in 17% with palpable lymph nodes. Stratified by non-palpable and palpable ILN, non-local recurrence despite pathologically negative DSNBs was observed in 0.5% and 0%. Limited to men with at least 24 months follow-up, non-local recurrence after negative DSNBs was observed in 0.4% and 0%. The sensitivity of DSNB was 96% and NPV was 100%. The main limitation of this analysis is its retrospective nature and inherit biases. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in a high volume centre pre-operative ultrasound +/- FNA and DSNB can be used to accurately stage men with non-palpable and palpable ILN in men with ≥T1G2 penile cancer. Further, FNA in advance of surgery provides logistical and surgical advantages. In those patients with palpable disease but negative FNA, we advocate ultrasound guided excision in case of enlarged or suspicious ILN during DSNB.[Table: see text]
Leadership Program Grants Awards
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17143: An Updated Meta Analysis Comparingtranscatheterpatent Foramen Ovale Closure versus Medical Therapy to Prevent Recurrent Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Krunalkumar Patel, Nirav Patel, Rajkumar Doshi, Jay Shah, Tapankumar Miyani, Palakkumar Patel, Perwaiz Meraj
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: The closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) by percutaneous transcatheter approach is controversial in a patient with cryptogenic stroke. Here in, we reviewed the literature and analyzed the data on safety and efficacy of standard medical therapy (MT) compared to mechanical closure by the percutaneous trans-catheter approach after recently published DEFENSE-PFO trial. Hypothesis: Transcatheter PFO closure decreases incidence of recurrent stroke compared to standard MT. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE for the articles that compared overall mortality, efficacy in preventing recurrent stroke, and transient ischemic attack (TIA) after transcatheter PFO closure compared to standard MT. We also evaluated potential complications such as bleeding and development of atrial fibrillation. Results: A total 6 studies with 3,403 patients met pre-defined inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 3.75 years. Overall mortality was indifferent between transcatheter closure compared to MT (RR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.35-1.6, P=0.45, I 2= 0%). However, PFO closure reduced the rate of recurrent stroke by at least 60% (RR: 0.39, 95% CI 0.18-0.82, P=0.01, I 2= 56%), while did not reduce the risk of TIA compared to MT (RR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.52-1.12, P= 0.17, I 2 =0%). Higher incidence of atrial fibrillation was evident in mechanical closure (RR: 4.64, 95% CI 2.37-9.09, p&lt;0.00001, I 2 =11%) but no increase in bleeding (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.4-1.93, p=0.74, I 2 =28%). Conclusions: Mechanical PFO closure by transcatheter approach is a viable option in the prevention of recurrent stroke and TIA with an increased risk of development of atrial fibrillation without the risk of bleeding.
In Memoriam
Authors: A Author
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

In MemoriamThis special issue of Cardiovascular Research is dedi-cellular electrophysiological anomalies known as early cated to Edouard Coraboeuf who died on September 27, afterdepolarizations [3], which are associated with torsade-1998 at the age of 72.His career coincided de-pointes arrhythmias.In 1956, he obtained his professorwith the first 50 years in the development of cardiac ship at the age of 30 in Poitiers where he founded the electrophysiology, which he pioneered together with his Laboratory of Animal Physiology (still active as a CNRS friend Sylvio Weidmann.When he was only 23, Edouard unit).In 1962, he moved to Orsay and founded the Coraboeuf began his work at the Physiology Laboratory in Laboratory of Comparative Physiology.In 1969, he and Cambridge where he collaborated with Sylvio Weidmann Alex Fabiato pioneered the cellular electrophysiology of in the groupe of A.L. Hodgkin and A.F. Huxley to perform the human heart [4].In 1979, he discovered the slow the first recording of a cardiac action potential.Edouard inactivating component of the cardiac sodium current [5], was rather amused by these experiments, particularly since which is now known to be involved in the genesis of the temperature of the Krebs solution, prewarmed in a congenital long QT syndrome.In 1982, he and Edward teakettle, was quite unstable, as were the action potential Carmeliet reported the two components of the cardiac recordings themselves.This major breakthrough was re-transient outward current [6].In all, Edouard Coraboeuf ported in two articles published in French [1,2] at a time authored more than 300 articles during the last 50 years.when English was not yet the undisputed scientific lan-Edouard was a researcher, but also a tremendous guage.teacher.Like many other fellows of the younger genera-After this pioneer work, many major discoveries marked tion, I had the privilege of entering the field of cardiac the career of Edouard Coraboeuf.In 1953, he described the electrophysiology as a result of his teaching.
Pancreatic ascites.
Authors: R F Gunstone, R Claxton, P G D'Arbela, S K Kajubi
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Ascites is common in Uganda, being a manifestation of hepatic cirrhosis, renal disease, malabsorption, malnutrition, neoplasm, particularly hepatoma, peritoneal tuberculosis, and heart disease, especially endomyocardial fibrosis.Furthermore, it is much commoner in other forms of heart disease than it is in Europe or the U.S.A. (Somers, Brenton, and Sood, 1968).We report here the case of a patient whose ascites was completely cured by surgery.
Bronchoalveolar lavage.
Authors: J B Gee, R B Fick
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Bronchoalveolar lavageThe interesting paper from the Brompton group' represents one of the first British contributions to address the question, "can bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) be used to determine the diagnosis and management of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA)?"We will set their observations as a more general question-namely, what can the examination of products of BAL teach us about lung cell function in health and disease?Some historical comments may serve as an introduction.In 1847, Green reported his method of catheterising the larynx and bronchi to the Medical and Surgical Society of New York.2The technique was condemned as an anatomical impossibility and an unwarranted innovation in practical medicine, and he was asked to resign from membership.Bronchoalveolar lavage was first used at Yale in 1922 in the management of phosgene poisoning.This approach has now been extended to cystic fibrosis, asthma, and alveolar proteinosis.In the latter it represents the sole available therapy.In 1961, Myrvik3 showed how this simple lavage procedure could be used in rabbits to obtain lung macrophages in a "high state of purity."This seminal observation spawned a new discipline, pulmonary cell biology, which focused initially on the distinctive features of lung as opposed to other tissue macrophages.The more recent development is the application of BAL to man in health and disease.This application was begun by a study4 performed on gentlemen "enjoying" the hospitality of the Governor of the great State of Florida.This study provided the first evidence that in vivo cigarette smoking induced a highly active macrophage which consumed more oxygen and glucose than the quiescent unsmoked macrophage.The observations have now been extended to disease by several American groups, notably at the National Institutes of Health,5 6 the Brompton group,' and a considerable group of continental European workers.7The major development has been the demonstration that lavaged cells reflect
First line avelumab in PD-L1+ve metastatic or locally advanced urothelial cancer (aUC) patients unfit for cisplatin (cis): The ARIES trial.
Authors: Roberto Iacovelli, Chiara Ciccarese, Matteo Brunelli, Nicola Battelli, Consuelo Buttigliero, Claudia Caserta, Sebastiano Buti, Daniele Santini, Emanuele Naglieri, Luca Galli, Elena Verri, Paola Ermacora, Michele Milella, Cristina Masini, Giuseppe Aprile, Laura Milesi, Francesco Spina, Mimma Rizzo, Isabella Sperduti, Giuseppe Fornarini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

439 Background: Avelumab (ave) was approved as maintenance therapy after platinum-based first line (1L) therapy for patients (pts) with aUC based on ph. 3 Javelin Bladder 100 study (NCT02603432), showing significant overall survival (OS) improvement. Here we tested the activity of ave as 1L of therapy in cis-unfit pts with aUC and PD-L1+ve expression. Methods: ARIES is a single-arm, multi-site, open-label phase II trial. Enrolled pts had aUC, were cis-unfit (at least one of: ECOG-PS = 2, CrCl &lt; 60 mL/min, grade ≥2 peripheral neuropathy/hearing loss, progression within 6-mos before the end of neo/adj chemo), had not previously received chemo for aUC and PD-L1≥5% (SP263) centrally assessed. Pts received ave 10 mg/Kg IV Q2W until progression, unacceptable toxicity and withdrawal, whichever occurred first. The primary endpoint was the 1-year OS. Key secondary endpoints were median-OS, -PFS, ORR and safety. Results: A total of 198 eligible cis-unfit pts have been tested for PD-L1 and 71 (35.6%) have been found positive. Among enrolled patients (N = 71), median age was 75 y, 35 (49.3%) had visceral disease, and 22 (31.0%) had ECOG-PS = 2; 50 (70.4%) had CrCl &lt; 60 mL/min and 9 (12.7%) progressed within 6-mos from the end of neo/adj chemo. At the cut-off data (Oct 7, 2021), median follow up was 9.0 mo and 13 patients are still on treatment. The median OS was 10.0 mos (95% CI, 5.7-14.3), and 40.8% of patients were alive at 1-year. The ORR for all patients was 22.5%; complete response, 1.4% (n = 1); partial response, 21.1% (n = 15). Clinical benefit was 43.6% (n = 31). Median PFS was 2.0 mos (95% CI, 1.4-2.6). Among the 56 pts who received at least 3 cycles (29 days) of therapy the median OS was 16.0 vs 1.0 mos. Five (7.0%) grade 3 ave-related adverse events, and no treatment-related death were reported. Conclusions: Ave is active and safe in pts with cis-unfit, PD-L1+ve aUC and poor baseline characteristics. Clinical trial information: NCT03891238.
Prevalence, Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus—United States, 1980-1987
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Next-generation probiotics – do they open new therapeutic strategies for cancer patients?
Authors: Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Theodore Hupp, Renata Duchnowska, Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska, Karol Połom
Journal: Gut Microbes (2022)

Gut microbiota and its association with cancer development/treatment has been intensively studied during the past several years. Currently, there is a growing interest toward next-generation probiotics (NGPs) as therapeutic agents that alter gut microbiota and impact on cancer development. In the present review we focus on three emerging NGPs, namely Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Bacteroides fragilis as their presence in the digestive tract can have an impact on cancer incidence. These NGPs enhance gastrointestinal immunity, maintain intestinal barrier integrity, produce beneficial metabolites, act against pathogens, improve immunotherapy efficacy, and reduce complications associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Notably, the use of NGPs in cancer patients does not have a long history and, although their safety remains relatively undefined, recently published data has shown that they are non-toxigenic. Notwithstanding, A. muciniphila may promote colitis whereas enterotoxigenic B. fragilis stimulates chronic inflammation and participates in colorectal carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, the majority of B. fragilis strains provide a beneficial effect to the host, are non-toxigenic and considered as the best current NGP candidate. Overall, emerging studies indicate a beneficial role of these NGPs in the prevention of carcinogenesis and open new promising therapeutic options for cancer patients.
Selected Articles on Birth Control.
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Communication.
Authors: W S Symmers
Journal: BMJ (1979)

treatment with prazosin, or prazosin plus a beta-blocker.Pape et all report similar findings in 14 patients, of whom 13 had negative ANF tests before and after prazosin and one a positive pretreatment test, which became negative after 18 weeks on prazosin.Marshall points out that his ANF findings are unlike those of systemic lupus erythematosus and that no patient had symptoms of an autoimmune illness.This is in agreement with my experience in 85 patients now treated with prazosin for periods up to five years (total patient years 255).There have never been signs or symptoms indicating an autoimmune reaction, nor have any significant laboratory abnormalities been found.
Augmented lipid-nanoparticle-mediated in vivo genome editing in the lungs and spleen by disrupting Cas9 activity in the liver
Authors: Cory D. Sago, Melissa P. Lokugamage, David Loughrey, Kevin E. Lindsay, Robert Hincapie, Brandon R. Krupczak, Sujay Kalathoor, Manaka Sato, Elisa Schrader Echeverri, Jordan P. Fitzgerald, Zubao Gan, Lena Gamboa, Kalina Paunovska, Carlos A. Sanhueza, Marine Z. C. Hatit, M. G. Finn, Philip J. Santangelo, James E. Dahlman
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2022)
Hemochromatosis
Authors: Michael Natalino, Richert Goyette, Loren Owensby, Ronald Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

hepatomegaly, and jaundice.This diagnosis was confirmed by a liver biopsy specimen and hepatic venogra- phy.3Sickle cell anemia has been re¬ ported as causing Budd-Chiari syn¬ drome."Our patient had only 38% hemoglobin S on hemoglobin electro- phoresis and manifested no anemia.Further, no evidence of sickling was seen in the biopsy tissue.Therefore, sickling did not appear to play a role in our patient.Further hématologie evaluation, including measurement of antithrombin III levels, was within normal limits.We propose that the development of the Budd-Chiari syndrome in our patient was the result of extrinsic compression on hepatic veins by inflammation and edema from sar- coid granulomas, leading to narrow¬ ing of venous channels, venous stasis, and subsequent thrombosis.No other apparent cause for hepatic vein occlu¬ sion was demonstrable by history, laboratory studies, or anatomic find¬ ings at laparotomy.The findings in our patient indicate that the Budd- Chiari syndrome can complicate sar- coid involvement of the liver.
Abstract 17172: Ethnic Differences in Prevalence of Coronary Artery Calcification and Plaque Composition Among Whites and African Americans
Authors: Kashif Shaikh, Dong Li, Chandana Shekar, Lavanya Cherukuri, Khadije Ahmad, Divya Birudaraju, Sajad Hamal, Rine Nakanishi, Juhwan Lee, Matthew J Budoff
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Racial differences in the prevalence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) are well documented. African Americans (AA) tend to have a lower prevalence of CAC despite greater coronary risk factors and according to some reports higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality Hypothesis: We hypothesize despite a lower prevalence of CAC; AA would have similar or higher burden of non-calcified plaque (NCP). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data from 4280 (3886 whites and 482 AA) consecutive patients, who underwent non-contrast and contrast cardiac computed tomography at our center. We used the 17-segment American Heart Association classification for assessment of coronary arteries. We quantified the amount of plaque in each segment as mild (score of 1), moderate (score of 2), or severe (score of 3) using a previously described method. We calculated total plaque score (TPS) by summation of the amount of plaque of each coronary segment. The non-calcified plaque score (NCPS) and mixed plaque score (MPS) were similarly calculated by summing the plaque scores in each segment separately. The segment involvement score (SIS), ranging from 0 to 17, was calculated as the total number of segments with any plaque; the segment stenosis score (SSS), was obtained by grading the stenosis severity of each segment with plaque, as was previously described in literature. Results: Prevalence of CAC&gt;0 was 77% in whites versus 61% in AA (median Interquartile range]:190[13-780] versus 38[0-275];P&lt;0.001). After adjustment for age, diabetes, BMI, family history of CAD, chest pain, hyperlipidemia, HTN and smoking, there was no significant difference in NCPS (β(Se) = 0.1 (0.4), P=0.731) and MPS (β(Se) = -0.4 (0.8), p=0.590) in AA compared with whites. TPS (β(Se) = -1.6 (0.4), P&lt;0.001), SSS (B(Se)=-1.5(0.5), p&lt;0.001 and Segment involvement score (B(Se)= 0.9 (0.2), P&lt;0.001) were significantly lower in AA compared with whites. Conclusion: Despite the significantly lower prevalence of CAC in AA, the burden of NCP and mixed plaque were similar in AA compared with whites. Further studies would be needed to elucidate whether the higher burden of NCP burden despite a lower prevalence of CAC is responsible for higher CVD mortality in AA.