tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer trial recruitment fell by 60% last year during pandemic
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2021)

<b>EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:</b> Cardiologists undertaking percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are excited by the combination of patient and physician satisfaction and technological advance occurring on the background of the necessary manual dexterity. Progress and applicability of percutaneous techniques since their inception in 1977 have been remarkable; a sound evidence base coupled with the enthusiasm and ingenuity of the medical device industry has resulted in a sea change in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), which continues to evolve at breakneck speed. This is the third set of guidelines produced by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society and the British Cardiac Society.1,2 Following the last set of guidelines published in 2000, we have seen PCI activity in the UK increase from 33 652 to 62 780 (87% in four years) such that the PCI to coronary artery bypass grafting ratio has increased to 2.5:1. The impact of drug eluting stents has been profound, and the Department of Health is investigating the feasibility of primary PCI for acute myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, the changes in the structure of National Health Service funding are likely to focus our attention on cost effective treatments and will require physician engagement and sensitive handling if we are to continue the rapid and appropriate growth in our chosen field.3 It is important with this burgeoning development now occurring on a broad front (in both regional centres and district general hospitals) that we maintain our vigilance on audit and outcome measures so that standards are maintained for both operators and institutions alike. This set of guidelines includes new sections on training, informed consent, and a core evidence base, which we hope you will find useful and informative. <b>Keith D Dawkins:</b> <i>President, British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (2000–2004)</i> <b>Huon H Gray:</b> <i>President, British Cardiac Society (2003–2005)</i>
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children by COVID-19 Vaccination Status of Adolescents in France
Authors: Michael Levy, Morgan Recher, Hervé Hubert, Etienne Javouhey, Olivier Fléchelles, Stéphane Leteurtre, François Angoulvant
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Association of IVIG Plus Methylprednisolone With Persistent or Recurrent Fever in Children With MIS-C
A Multi-Center, Phase 1b Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Isatuximab Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Philippe Moreau, Gurdeep Parmar, Miles Prince, Enrique Ocio, Chatchada Karanes, Sumit Madan, Albert Oriol, Pierre Bories, Michel Delforge, Nashat Gabrail, Dorothee Semiond, Nan Jia, Sandrine Macé, Florence Suzan, Helgi van de Velde, Hang Quach
Journal: Blood (2021)
Constitutional PIGA mutations cause a novel subtype of hemochromatosis in patients with neurologic dysfunction
Authors: Lena Muckenthaler, Oriana Marques, Silvia Colucci, Joachim Kunz, Piotr Fabrowski, Thomas Bast, Sandro Altamura, Britta Höchsmann, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Monika Langlotz, Paulina Richter-Pechanska, Tobias Rausch, Nicole Hofmeister-Mielke, Nikolas Gunkel, Matthias W. Hentze, Andreas E. Kulozik, Martina U. Muckenthaler
Journal: Blood (2021)

Muckenthaler et al describe a novel form of hemochromatosis caused by a constitutional PIGA mutation in 3 children with associated neurologic dysfunction. Hemochromatosis results from decreased hepcidin, which is regulated by HFE, hemojuvelin (HJV), and transferrin receptor 2. HJV is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein, so PIGA mutation leads to decreased HJV expression. Interestingly, none of the children had evidence of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. The cause of the novel association with central nervous system manifestations remains to be elucidated.
Potential Applications for Targeted Gene Therapy to Protect Against Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Cindy Y. Kok, Lauren M. MacLean, Jett C. Ho, Leszek Lisowski, Eddy Kizana
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2021)

Anthracyclines are associated with risk of significant dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Conventional heart failure therapies have neither ameliorated declining cardiac function nor addressed the underlying cause. Gene therapy may confer long-term cardioprotection by rendering the heart resistant to anthracyclines after 1 treatment, although the optimal therapeutic target remains to be elucidated. Recombinant adeno-associated virus is now clinically approved for the treatment of lipoprotein lipase deficiency, spinal muscular atrophy, and hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. High-throughput methods allow selection of recombinant adeno-associated virus capsids that facilitate efficient gene delivery to specific target cells. Vector safety is enhanced by incorporating cardiac-specific promoters into vector design and localizing delivery to reduce off-target risk. Any cardioprotective transgene may bear a degree of risk as they may play as yet unknown roles, which require careful assessment using clinically relevant models. The innovative technologies outlined here make gene therapy a promising proof of principle, with potential further application to nonanthracycline chemotherapeutics.
Bleeding and thrombotic events in adults supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an ELSO registry analysis
Authors: Jose I. Nunez, Andre F. Gosling, Brian O’Gara, Kevin F. Kennedy, Peter Rycus, Darryl Abrams, Daniel Brodie, Shahzad Shaefi, A. Reshad Garan, E. Wilson Grandin
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2021)
Radiofrequency Radiation and Cancer
Authors: David Robert Grimes
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Concerns over radiofrequency radiation (RFR) and carcinogenesis have long existed, and the advent of 5G mobile technology has seen a deluge of claims asserting that the new standard and RFR in general may be carcinogenic. For clinicians and researchers in the field, it is critical to address patient concerns on the topic and to be familiar with the existent evidence base. <h3>Observations</h3> This review considers potential biophysical mechanisms of cancer induction, elucidating mechanisms of electromagnetically induced DNA damage and placing RFR in appropriate context on the electromagnetic spectrum. The existent epidemiological evidence in humans and laboratory animals to date on the topic is also reviewed and discussed. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The evidence from these combined strands strongly indicates that claims of an RFR–cancer link are not supported by the current evidence base. Much of the research to date, however, has been undermined by methodological shortcomings, and there is a need for higher-quality future research endeavors. Finally, the role of fringe science and unsubstantiated claims in patient and public perception on this topic is highly relevant and must be carefully considered.
Confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 airborne dissemination indoors using “COVID-19 traps”
Authors: Esteban Orenes-Piñero, Diana Navas-Carrillo, Antonio Moreno-Docón, Juan A. Ortega-García, Alberto M. Torres-Cantero, Elisa García-Vázquez, Pablo Ramírez
Journal: Journal of Infection (2021)
Active Aging and Public Health: Evidence, Implications, and Opportunities
Authors: Shilpa Dogra, David W. Dunstan, Takemi Sugiyama, Afroditi Stathi, Paul A. Gardiner, Neville Owen
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2021)

By 2050, 20% of the world's population will be over the age of 65 years, with projections that 80% of older adults will be living in low- to middle-income countries. Physical inactivity and sedentary time are particularly high in older adults, presenting unique public health challenges. In this article, we first review evidence that points to multiple beneficial outcomes of active aging, including better physical function, cognitive function, mental health, social health, and sleep, and we suggest the need to shift the research focus from chronic disease outcomes to more relevantoutcomes that affect independence and quality of life. Second, we review the critical role of age-friendly environments in facilitating active aging equitably across different countries and cultures. Finally, we consider emerging opportunities related to social engagement and technology-enabled mobility that can facilitate active aging. In all these contexts, it is a priority to understand and address diversity within the global aging population.
Constructing rationals through conjoint measurement of numerator and denominator as approximate integer magnitudes in tradeoff relations
Authors: Jun Zhang
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2021)

Abstract To investigate mechanisms of rational representation, I consider (1) construction of an ordered continuum of psychophysical scale of magnitude of sensation; (2) counting mechanism leading to an approximate numerosity scale for integers; and (3) conjoint measurement structure pitting the denominator against the numerator in tradeoff positions. Number sense of resulting rationals is neither intuitive nor expedient in their manipulation.
Reinvigorating the public health response to dementia
Authors: None The Lancet Public Health
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2021)

On Sept 2, WHO published its Global Status Report on the Public Health Response to Dementia. The report takes stock of progress so far towards the Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response To Dementia 2017–2025, which aims to substantially decrease the global health burden of dementia and improve the lives of those living with dementia and their carers. Halfway through the Global Action Plan period, while modest advances have been made towards some action plan goals, progress is lagging for many of the recommendations.
Humanization of T cell–mediated immunity in mice
Authors: Michael J. Moore, Maggie Zhong, Johanna Hansen, Hans Gartner, Craig Grant, Mei Huang, Faith M. Harris, Naxin Tu, Natalie A. Bowerman, Kurt H. Edelmann, Thomas Barry, Olivier Herbin, Chin-Siean Tay, David J. DiLillo, Corinne E. Decker, Natasha Levenkova, James Shevchuk, Ankur Dhanik, Karoline A. Meagher, Amanda Karr, Jan Roos, Wen-yi Lee, David Suh, Mark Eckersdorff, T. Craig Meagher, Matthew Koss, Lakeisha Esau, Matthew A. Sleeman, Robert Babb, Gang Chen, Christos A. Kyratsous, William T. Poueymirou, John R. McWhirter, Vera A. Voronina, Chunguang Guo, Cagan Gurer, George D. Yancopoulos, Andrew J. Murphy, Lynn E. Macdonald
Journal: Science Immunology (2021)

Knock-in mice with humanized TCR, MHC, and co-receptor genes enable therapeutic human TCR discovery and functional assessment in mice.
Primary Care-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2021)

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Editorial Board
Authors: A Adjei, Satoshi Ishikura, Cheryl Ho, Sumithra Mandrekar, D Ross Camidge, James Jett, Anne-Marie Dingemans, Rafal Dziadziusko, Wilfried Eberhardt, Keith Kerr, Luis Montuenga, Silvia Novello, Jean Pujol, Martin Reck, Dirk De Ruysscher, Paul Van Schil, Gabriella Sozzi, Mary Todd, Managing York, Andrea Msc, Jeffrey Bogart, Michele Carbone, Frank Detterbeck, Jeremy Erasmus, Fred Hirsch, Sai-Hong Ou, Eduardo Richardet, Yu Shyr, William Travis, Graham Warren, Ping Yang, Myung-Ju Ahn, Abdul-Rahman Jazieh, Thomas John, Young Kim, Shun Lu, Keunchil Park, Emily Stone, Daniel Tan, Shinichi Toyooka, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Yashushi Yatabe, Wen-Zhao Zhong, Thierry Berghmanns, Paolo Bironzo, Lukas Bubendorf, Switzerland Burotto, Chile Samjot, Singh Dhillon, Jessica Donington, Afshin Dowlati, Nicolas Girard, Heidi Hamann, Usa Lizza, E Hendriks, Andreas-Claudius Hoffmann, Germany Kelly, Takashi Kohno, Natasha Leighl, Yung-Hung Luo, Taiwan Mansfield, Tamas Molnar, Shu Ou, Kaushal Parikh, M Usa, Nir Peled, Israel Perego, Helmut Popper, Jordi Remon, Spain Reungwetwattana, Jeon-Seong Ryu, Yoshitaka Sekido, Japan Sequist, Patrick Nana-Sinkam, Usa Pawan, Kumar Singh, India Stinchcombe, Shalini Vinod, Australia Wang, China Wang, China Pan-Chyr Yang, Taiwan Yendamuri, Junji Yoshida, Japan Zwitter
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Cerebral Blood Flow, Brain Volume, and Age Predicts Executive Function in Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Kemar V. Prussien, Bruce E. Compas, Rachel Siciliano, R. Sky Jones, Abagail E. Ciriegio, Chelsea A. Lee, Adetola A. Kassim, Michael R. DeBaun, Manus Joseph Donahue, Lori C. Jordan
Journal: Blood (2021)
Epidemiology, ventilation management and outcome in patients receiving intensive care after non–thoracic surgery – Insights from the LAS VEGAS study
Authors: F.D. Simonis, S. Einav, A. Serpa Neto, S.N. Hemmes, P. Pelosi, M. Gama de Abreu, M.J. Schultz
Journal: Pulmonology (2021)

Information about epidemiology, ventilation management and outcome in postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) patients remains scarce. The objective was to test whether postoperative ventilation differs from that in the operation room.This was a substudy of the worldwide observational LAS VEGAS study, including patients undergoing non-thoracic surgeries. Of 146 study sites participating in the LAS VEGAS study, 117 (80%) sites reported on the postoperative ICU course, including ventilation and complications. The coprimary outcomes were two key elements of ventilator management, i.e., tidal volume (VT) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients receiving low VT ventilation (LTVV, defined as ventilation with a median VT < 8.0 ml/kg PBW), and the proportion of patients developing postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC), including ARDS, pneumothorax, pneumonia and need for escalation of ventilatory support, ICU and hospital length of stay, and mortality at day 28.Of 653 patients who were admitted to the ICU after surgery, 274 (42%) patients received invasive postoperative ventilation. Median postoperative VT was 8.4 [7.3-9.8] ml/kg predicted body weight (PBW), PEEP was 5 [5-5] cm H2O, statistically significant but not meaningfully different from median intraoperative VT (8.1 [7.3-8.9] ml/kg PBW; P < 0.001) and PEEP (4 [2-5] cm H2O; P < 0.001). The proportion of patients receiving LTVV after surgery was 41%. The PPC rate was 10%. Length of stay in ICU and hospital was independent of development of a PPC, but hospital mortality was higher in patients who developed a PPC (24 versus 4%; P < 0.001).In this observational study of patients undergoing non-thoracic surgeries, postoperative ventilation was not meaningfully different from that in the operating room. Like in the operating room, there is room for improved use of LTVV. Development of PPC is associated with mortality.
Reply
Authors: Andrew I. Aronsohn, Debika Bhattacharya, Timothy R. Morgan, David L. Wyles, Raymond T. Chung, Daniel P. McQuillen
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Dr. Wyles received grants from Gilead. Dr. Bhattacharya received grants from Gilead. Dr. Chung received grants from Gilead, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Merck. Dr. Morgan received grants from AbbVie, Genfit and Gilead.
Global health system resilience is in everyone’s interest
Authors: Laura E Downey, Matthew Harris, Stephen Jan, Marisa Miraldo, David Peiris, Kent Buse
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Athletes participating in elite sports are exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendars. Emerging evidence indicates that poor load management is a major risk factor for injury. The International Olympic Committee convened an expert group to review the scientific evidence for the relationship of load (defined broadly to include rapid changes in training and competition load, competition calendar congestion, psychological load and travel) and health outcomes in sport. We summarise the results linking load to risk of injury in athletes, and provide athletes, coaches and support staff with practical guidelines to manage load in sport. This consensus statement includes guidelines for (1) prescription of training and competition load, as well as for (2) monitoring of training, competition and psychological load, athlete well-being and injury. In the process, we identified research priorities.
Abstract 11372: A Risk-Adjustment Model for Patients Presenting to Hospitals with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Andy T Tran, Anthony Hart, John Spertus, Philip Jones, Bryan McNally, Ali O Malik, Paul S Chan
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Given the diversity of patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) complicated by STEMI, adequate risk adjustment is needed to account for potential differences in case-mix to reflect the quality of percutaneous coronary intervention. Objectives: We sought to build a risk-adjustment model of in-hospital mortality outcomes for patients with OHCA and STEMI requiring emergent angiography. Methods: Within the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, we included adult patients with OHCA and STEMI who underwent angiography within 2 hours from January 2013 to December 2019. Using pre-hospital patient and arrest characteristics, multivariable logistic regression models were developed for in-hospital mortality. We then described model calibration, discrimination, and variability in patients’ unadjusted and adjusted mortality rates. Results: Of 2,999 hospitalized patients with OHCA and STEMI who underwent emergent angiography (mean age 61.2 ±12.0, 23.1% female, 64.6% white), 996 (33.2%) died. The final risk-adjustment model for mortality included higher age, unwitnessed arrest, non-shockable rhythms, not having sustained return of spontaneous circulation upon hospital arrival, and higher total resuscitation time on scene ( C -statistic, 0.804 with excellent calibration). The risk-adjusted proportion of patients died varied substantially and ranged from 7.8% at the 10 th percentile to 74.5% at the 90 th percentile (Figure). Conclusions: Through leveraging data from a large, multi-site registry of OHCA patients, we identified several key factors for better risk-adjustment for mortality-based quality measures. We found that STEMI patients with OHCA have highly variable mortality risk and should not be considered as a single category in public reporting. These findings can lay the foundation to build quality measures to further optimize care for the patient with OHCA and STEMI.
JAMA Oncology
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

JAMA Oncology is committed to publishing infl uential original research, opinions, and reviews that advance the science of oncology and improve the clinical care of patients with cancer.Mission Statement JAMA Oncology is the defi nitive journal for scientists, clinicians, and trainees in the fi eld of oncology worldwide.Our original, innovative, and timely scientifi c and educational content provides a deeper understanding of cancer pathogenesis and recent treatment advances for our readers.JAMA Oncology aims to eff ectively convey the fi ndings of important clinical research, major scientifi c breakthroughs, actionable discoveries, and state-of-the-art treatment pathways to the oncology community.Our goal is that successful communication of new knowledge will ultimately translate to clinical benefi t for people living with and surviving cancer.
Next Step for Global Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology: A Core Patient-Centered Outcome Set
Authors: Olga Husson, Bryce B Reeve, Anne-Sophie Darlington, Christabel K Cheung, Samantha Sodergren, Winette T A van der Graaf, John M Salsman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2021)

Abstract The relatively small number of cancers in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) age group, those aged 15-39 years, does not appropriately reflect the personal and societal costs of cancer in this population, as reflected in the potential years of life lost or saved, the decreased productivity and health-related quality of life due to the impact of the disease during formative years, and long-term complications or disabilities. Improvements in care and outcomes for AYAs with cancer require collaboration among different stakeholders at different levels (patients, caregivers, health-care professionals, researchers, industry, and policymakers). Development of a Core Outcome Set (COS), an agreed minimum set of outcomes that should be measured globally in research and routine clinical practice—specifically for AYAs with cancer—with outcomes that are well defined based on the perspective of those who are affected and assessed with validated measures, is urgently required. A globally implemented COS for AYAs with cancer will facilitate better pooling of research data and the implementation of high-quality health-care registries, which by benchmarking not only nationally but also internationally, may ultimately improve the value of the care given to these underserved young cancer patients. We reflect on the need to develop a COS for AYAs with cancer, the arenas of application, and the challenges of implementing an age-specific COS in research and clinical practice.
An Interim Analysis of the Turkish Myeloma Registry Among the Patients Who Have Received up to Two Lines of Therapy
Authors: Omur Gokmen Sevindik, Zubeyde Nur Ozkurt, Can Boga, Sevgi Kalayoglu Besisik, Yildiz Ipek, Ayfer Geduk, Aybuke Harmandali, Ayse Salihoglu, Handan haydaroglu Sahin, Mehmet Sönmez, Filiz Vural, Olga Meltem Akay, Meltem Kurt Yuksel, Senem Maral, Omer Ekinci, Onur Hakki Kirkizlar, Atakan Tekinalp, Nazli Demir, Mustafa Merter, Guray Saydam, İnci Alacacıoğlu, Zeynep Arzu Yegin, Mutlu Kasar, Metban Mastanzade, Guner Hayri Ozsan
Journal: Blood (2021)
Assessing the Prognostic Utility of the Mayo 2018 and IMWG 2020 Smoldering Multiple Myeloma Risk Stratification Scores When Applied Post Diagnosis
Authors: Alissa Visram, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Prashant Kapoor, Angela Dispenzieri, Martha Q. Lacy, Morie A. Gertz, Francis K. Buadi, Suzanne R. Hayman, David Dingli, Taxiarchis Kourelis, Wilson I Gonsalves, Rahma M Warsame, Eli Muchtar, Nelson Leung, Linda B Baughn, Robert A. Kyle, Shaji Kumar
Journal: Blood (2021)
Copper arsenite-complexed Fenton-like nanoparticles as oxidative stress-amplifying anticancer agents
Authors: Giuk Lee, Chan Woo Kim, Jeong Ryul Choi, Kyung Hyun Min, Hong Jae Lee, Kyu Hwan Kwack, Hyeon-Woo Lee, Jae-Hyung Lee, Seo Young Jeong, Kiyuk Chang, Sang Cheon Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2021)