tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchiolar Disorders
Authors: Jay H. Ryu, Jeffrey L. Myers, Stephen J. Swensen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<CONTENTSGENERAL FEATURES OF BRONC...PRIMARY BRONCHIOLAR DISOR...INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE...BRONCHIOLAR INVOLVEMENT I...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
The road forward.
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The Road Forward An emphasis on youth, the value of a united professional organization, a tightening of democratic procedures, and the separation of negotiations on "pay and conditions" from straightforward professional advice to the Health Service authorities, are major themes in Sir Paul Chambers's pro- posals for reorganizing the B.M.A. His report, published in full in the Supplement (p.45), had been commissioned by the B.M.A. in 1970 as "a wide ranging" and "searching study of the whole organization from the ground up."'Though the B.M.A.'s constitution has been reviewed in recent years2 3-and there have been some useful changes-Sir Paul's exercise is the first major recasting proposed for
Glutamine synthetase licenses APC/C-mediated mitotic progression to drive cell growth
Authors: Jiang-Sha Zhao, Shuo Shi, Hai-Yan Qu, Zuzana Keckesova, Zi-Jian Cao, Li-Xian Yang, Xiaofu Yu, Limin Feng, Zhong Shi, Joanna Krakowiak, Ruo-Ying Mao, Yi-Tong Shen, Yu-Meng Fan, Tian-Min Fu, Cunqi Ye, Daqian Xu, Xiaofei Gao, Jia You, Wenbo Li, Tingbo Liang, Zhimin Lu, Yu-Xiong Feng
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2022)
Diagnostic Performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Lymph Node Staging in Penile Cancer
Authors: Sang Woo Lee, Seong-Jang Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2022)

Objective The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for detection of lymph node (LN) metastasis in penile cancer (PeCA) patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Patients and Methods The PubMed, Cochrane database, and Embase database, from the earliest available date of indexing through August 31, 2021, were searched for studies evaluating diagnostic performance of 18 F-FDG PET/CT for detection of metastatic LN in PeCA patients. We determined the sensitivities and specificities across studies, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−, respectively), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic curves. Results Across 12 studies (479 patients), the pooled sensitivity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT was 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–0.92) and the pooled specificity was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.79–0.93). Likelihood ratio syntheses gave an overall LR+ of 7.2 (95% CI, 3.9–13.1) and LR− of 0.15 (95% CI, 0.1–0.24). The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 47 (95% CI, 19–116). In meta-regression analysis, no variable was the source of the study heterogeneity. Conclusions 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed a good diagnostic performances for detection of metastatic LN in PeCA patients. Also, 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed similar diagnostic accuracy for detection of inguinal and pelvic LN metastasis in PeCA patients.
Second Jenner international glycoimmunology meeting.
Authors: John Axford, Frank Hay, Azita Alavi, Angela Bond, Martin Dalziel, Meinir Jones, Michael Lind, Andy Soltys, Sue Henderson, Anne Dell, Richard Easton, Kay-Hooi Khoo, Roy Mcdowell, Maria Panico, Andrew Reason, Rosa Siciliano, Howard Morris, Peter Jackson, J Lund, N Takahashi, M Goodall, N Nakagawa, T Bentley, R Tyler, R Jefferis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

MS).
Proceedings: British Society of Gastroenterology: 31st Annual General Meeting
Authors: J Lennard-Jones, A Kay, E Blair, I Gillespie, K Wormsley, Roger Williams, J Flute, B Brooke, G Thompson, P Scheuer, A Love, J Rohde, N Veall
Journal: Gut (1970)

During his tenure of five years, the Society has more than doubled in size, and Dr Lennard-Jones
Thyroid failure in the elderly
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Mumblety-peg is the one game that I feel skillful enough to play for monetary stakes. Even at the age of 57,I sometimes take my penknife to a grassy place and hone my skill. I, therefore, believe that I know why the country boy in the painting<i>Mumble the Peg</i>on the cover of the Aug 21, 1987, issue of<i>JAMA</i><sup>1</sup>is raising a hand and smiling in anticipation. The throws done just before the one depicted are best done either sitting or kneeling. This particular throw is best done standing and the knife must stick in the ground pointwise for five consecutive throws. The boy in the picture will probably miss the throw.
Inactivated and live-attenuated seasonal influenza vaccines boost broadly neutralizing antibodies in children
Authors: Sergey Yegorov, Daniel B. Celeste, Kimberly Braz Gomes, Jann C. Ang, Colin Vandenhof, Joanne Wang, Ksenia Rybkina, Vanessa Tsui, Hannah D. Stacey, Mark Loeb, Matthew S. Miller
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2022)

The induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that target the hemagglutinin stalk domain is a promising strategy for the development of "universal" influenza virus vaccines. bNAbs can be boosted in adults by sequential exposure to heterosubtypic viruses through natural infection or vaccination. However, little is known about if or how bNAbs are induced by vaccination in more immunologically naive children. Here, we describe the impact of repeated seasonal influenza vaccination and vaccine type on induction of bNAbs against group 1 influenza viruses in a pediatric cohort enrolled in randomized controlled trials of seasonal influenza vaccination. Repeated seasonal vaccination results in significant boosting of a durable bNAb response. Boosting of serological bNAb titers is comparable within inactivated and live attenuated (LAIV) vaccinees and declines with age. These data provide insights into vaccine-elicited bNAb induction in children, which have important implications for the design of universal influenza vaccine modalities in this critical population.
Medical Personnel Meet Travel Woes During Transit Strike
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The legendary image of the physician on horseback must have entered the minds of many medical personnel caught in New York City's transit strike. In reality, the horse was probably the only mode of transportation not used in the emergency. Personnel from the area's 124 medical institutions utilized bicycles, helicopters, rented buses and trucks, elaborately planned car pools and, above all, their own feet to reach jobs. The primary problems created by the mass transit stoppage involved logistics of getting nonprofessional employees to the hospitals and medical centers. No critical medical difficulties had occurred by the strike's sixth day, officials of the Greater New York Hospital Association told<i>JAMA</i>Medical News. Voluntary blood donations were curtailed, but most hospitals supplemented their inventories from outside sources and their own employees. Only scattered reductions of elective surgery schedules were reported. No necessary procedures were postponed, administrators reported. Transportation problems were lessened on
Symposium on Combination Processes in Food Irradiation
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Symposium on Combination Processes in Food Irradiation Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 64, Issue 3, March 1980, Page 690, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/64.3.690-d Published: 01 March 1980
How I treat refractory/relapsed hairy cell leukemia with BRAF inhibitors
Authors: Brunangelo Falini, Luca De Carolis, Enrico Tiacci
Journal: Blood (2022)

Abstract Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) responds very well to frontline chemotherapy with purine analogs (cladribine and pentostatine). However, approximately half of patients experience 1 or more relapses, which become progressively resistant to these myelotoxic and immunosuppressive agents. At progression, standard therapeutic options include a second course of purine analogs alone or in combination with rituximab and, upon second relapse, therapy with the anti-CD22 immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox. Furthermore, blockade of the mutant BRAF-V600E kinase (the pathogenetic hallmark of HCL) through orally available specific inhibitors (vemurafenib or dabrafenib) effaces the peculiar morphologic, phenotypic, and molecular identity of this disease and its typical antiapoptotic behavior and is emerging as an attractive chemotherapy-free strategy in various clinical scenarios. These include patients with, or at risk of, severe infections and, in a highly effective combination with rituximab, patients with relapsed or refractory HCL. Other treatments explored in clinical trials are BTK inhibition with ibrutinib and co-inhibition of BRAF (through dabrafenib or vemurafenib) and its downstream target MEK (through trametinib or cobimetinib). Here, we focus on our experience with BRAF inhibitors in clinical trials and as off-label use in routine practice by presenting 3 challenging clinical cases to illustrate their management in the context of all available treatment options.
Refined risk stratification in pulmonary arterial hypertension and timing of lung transplantation
Authors: Karen M. Olsson, Manuel J. Richter, Jan C. Kamp, Henning Gall, Hossein-Ardeshir Ghofrani, Jan Fuge, Ralf Ewert, Marius M. Hoeper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2022)

In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) presenting with progressive disease despite optimised medical therapy, lung transplantation remains an important treatment option [1–3]. Current guidelines recommend assessing the individual mortality risk regularly using a three-stratum model to determine whether patients are at low, intermediate or high risk of death [1, 2]. The four-stratum risk assessment tool helps determining the right time for lung transplant listing in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension <https://bit.ly/3GrLSId>
Pregnancy outcomes with hydroxyurea use in women with sickle cell disease
Authors: Barbara L. Kroner, Jane S. Hankins, Norma Pugh, Abdullah Kutlar, Allison A. King, Nirmish R. Shah, Julie Kanter, Jeffrey Glassberg, Marsha Treadwell, Victor R. Gordeuk
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2022)

Hydroxyurea reduces pain crises, acute chest syndrome, and blood transfusions in sickle cell disease (SCD), but potential detrimental effects on fertility and birth outcomes impede its use. Data on the effects of hydroxyurea taken for SCD during conception and pregnancy are scarce. The Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium collected self-reported pregnancy history, corresponding hydroxyurea use, and pregnancy outcomes in women with SCD in the clinical setting. Among 1285 women 18-45 years of age, 737 (57.4%) reported 1788 pregnancies (1079 live births, 394 miscarriages, 40 stillbirths, 207 abortions, 48 current pregnancies, and 20 missing outcomes) of which 241 (15.9%) live births, miscarriages or stillbirths were conceived while on hydroxyurea. In univariate analyses, pregnancy number more than three, severe sickle genotype, history of stillbirth or miscarriage, and chronic kidney disease at enrollment were covariates significantly associated with a pregnancy ending in miscarriage or stillbirth. After adjustment for covariates and additional SCD severity markers in multivariate analyses, hydroxyurea use during conception and pregnancy, but not during conception only, was associated with an increase in the odds ratio (OR) of miscarriage or stillbirth (OR 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40-3.47). In analyses of live birth outcomes, hydroxyurea use during conception and pregnancy was associated with birth weight < 5.5 pounds in full-term infants (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.09-7.38) but not with prematurity or serious medical problems at birth. These findings suggest that hydroxyurea use may be safe up to the time of conception, but that clinicians should continue to advise caution regarding use during pregnancy.
Radioembolization
Authors: Caren van Roekel, Arthur J. A. T. Braat, Maarten L. J. Smits, Rutger C. G. Bruijnen, Bart de Keizer, Marnix G. E. H. Lam
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2020)

Abstract Radioembolization is a therapy during which radioactive microspheres are injected into the hepatic artery. A microcatheter is placed in the hepatic arterial vasculature, and millions of microspheres are administered. Hepatic malignancies are fed mainly by arterial blood, and because of preferential arterial flow, the microspheres lodge in small tumor arterioles. There, they emit high-energy β-radiation to induce cell death. This way, the hepatic tumors are selectively irradiated, and the healthy liver tissue is relatively spared. The essential steps for radioembolization include (1) visceral angiography to map tumor-perfusing vessels, embolize collateral vessels, and assess portal vein patency, (2) assessment of pulmonary and gastrointestinal shunts by intra-arterial administration of a scout dose, and (3) determination of the optimal therapeutic activity, e.g., dosimetry (Giammarile et al. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 38:1393–406, 2011).
Evaluation of an HIV-Related Mortuary Surveillance System — Nairobi, Kenya, Two Sites, 2015
Authors: Hammad Ali, Catherine Kiama, Lilly Muthoni, Anthony Waruru, Peter W. Young, Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez, Wanjiru Waruiru, Richelle Hark, None lerode, Andrea A. Kim, Mahesh Swaminathan, Kevin M. De Cock, Joyce Wamicwe
Journal: MMWR Surveillance Summaries (2018)

Problem/Condition: Use of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-mortality surveillance data can help public health officials monitor, evaluate, and improve HIV treatment programs.Many high-income countries have high-coverage civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems linked to case-based HIV surveillance on which to base HIV mortality estimates.However, in the absence of comprehensive CRVS systems in low-and medium-income countries, such as Kenya, mortuary surveillance can be used to understand the occurrence of HIV infection among cadavers.In 2015, a pilot HIV-related mortuary surveillance system was implemented in the two largest mortuaries in Nairobi, Kenya.CDC conducted an evaluation to assess performance attributes and identify strengths and weaknesses of the surveillance system pilot.
Human Health Effects of Trichloroethylene: Key Findings and Scientific Issues
Authors: Weihsueh A. Chiu, Jennifer Jinot, Cheryl Siegel Scott, Susan L. Makris, Glinda S. Cooper, Rebecca C. Dzubow, Ambuja S. Bale, Marina V. Evans, Kathryn Z. Guyton, Nagalakshmi Keshava, John C. Lipscomb, Stanley Barone, John F. Fox, Maureen R. Gwinn, John Schaum, Jane C. Caldwell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: In support of the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) completed a toxicological review of trichloroethylene (TCE) in September 2011, which was the result of an effort spanning > 20 years.Objectives: We summarized the key findings and scientific issues regarding the human health effects of TCE in the U.S. EPA's toxicological review.Methods: In this assessment we synthesized and characterized thousands of epidemiologic, experimental animal, and mechanistic studies, and addressed several key scientific issues through modeling of TCE toxicokinetics, meta-analyses of epidemiologic studies, and analyses of mechanistic data.Discussion: Toxicokinetic modeling aided in characterizing the toxicological role of the complex metabolism and multiple metabolites of TCE. Meta-analyses of the epidemiologic data strongly supported the conclusions that TCE causes kidney cancer in humans and that TCE may also cause liver cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mechanistic analyses support a key role for mutagenicity in TCE-induced kidney carcinogenicity. Recent evidence from studies in both humans and experimental animals point to the involvement of TCE exposure in autoimmune disease and hypersensitivity. Recent avian and in vitro mechanistic studies provided biological plausibility that TCE plays a role in developmental cardiac toxicity, the subject of substantial debate due to mixed results from epidemiologic and rodent studies.Conclusions: TCE is carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposure and poses a potential human health hazard for noncancer toxicity to the central nervous system, kidney, liver, immune system, male reproductive system, and the developing embryo/fetus.
Idiopathic Hirsutism*
Authors: Ricardo Azziz, Enrico Carmina, Marty E. Sawaya
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2000)

Hirsutism, the presence of terminal (coarse) hairs in females in a male-like pattern, affects between 5% and 10% of women. Of the sex steroids, androgens are the most important in determining the type and distribution of hairs over the human body. Under the influence of androgens hair follicles that are producing vellus-type hairs can be stimulated to begin producing terminal hairs (i.e., terminalized). The activity of local 5α-reductase (5α-RA) determines to a great extent the production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and consequently the effect of androgens on hair follicles. While there are two distinct 5α-RA isoenzymes, type 1 and type 2, the activity of these in the facial or abdominal skin of hirsute women remains to be determined. Although the definition of idiopathic hirsutism (IH) has been an evolving process, the diagnosis of IH should be applied only to hirsute patients with normal ovulatory function and circulating androgen levels. A history of regular menses is not sufficient to exclude ovulatory dysfunction, since up to 40% of eumenorrheic hirsute women are anovulatory. The diagnosis of IH, when strictly defined, will include less than 20% of all hirsute women. The pathophysiology of IH is presumed to be a primary increase in skin 5α-RA activity, probably of both isoenzyme types, and possibly an alteration in androgen receptor function. Therapeutically, these patients respond to antiandrogen or 5α-RA inhibitor therapy. Pharmacological suppression of ovarian or adrenal androgen secretion may be of additional, albeit limited, benefit. New therapeutic strategies such as laser epilation or the use of new biological response modifiers may play an important role in offering a more effective means of treatment to remove unwanted hair. Further investigations into the genetic, molecular, and metabolic aspects of this disorder, including only well defined patients, are needed.
Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Predominance of the Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variants — United States, June 2021–January 2022
Authors: Anastasia S. Lambrou, Philip Shirk, Molly K. Steele, Prabasaj Paul, Clinton R. Paden, Betsy Cadwell, Heather E. Reese, Yutaka Aoki, Norman Hassell, Xiao-yu Zheng, Sarah Talarico, Jessica C. Chen, M. Steven Oberste, Dhwani Batra, Laura K. McMullan, Alison Laufer Halpin, Summer E. Galloway, Duncan R. MacCannell, Rebecca Kondor, John Barnes, Adam MacNeil, Benjamin J. Silk, Vivien G. Dugan, Heather M. Scobie, David E. Wentworth
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2022)

Genomic surveillance is a critical tool for tracking emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), which can exhibit characteristics that potentially affect public health and clinical interventions, including increased transmissibility, illness severity, and capacity for immune escape. During June 2021-January 2022, CDC expanded genomic surveillance data sources to incorporate sequence data from public repositories to produce weighted estimates of variant proportions at the jurisdiction level and refined analytic methods to enhance the timeliness and accuracy of national and regional variant proportion estimates. These changes also allowed for more comprehensive variant proportion estimation at the jurisdictional level (i.e., U.S. state, district, territory, and freely associated state). The data in this report are a summary of findings of recent proportions of circulating variants that are updated weekly on CDC's COVID Data Tracker website to enable timely public health action.† The SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2 and AY sublineages) variant rose from 1% to >50% of viral lineages circulating nationally during 8 weeks, from May 1-June 26, 2021. Delta-associated infections remained predominant until being rapidly overtaken by infections associated with the Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA sublineages) variant in December 2021, when Omicron increased from 1% to >50% of circulating viral lineages during a 2-week period. As of the week ending January 22, 2022, Omicron was estimated to account for 99.2% (95% CI = 99.0%-99.5%) of SARS-CoV-2 infections nationwide, and Delta for 0.7% (95% CI = 0.5%-1.0%). The dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants in 2021, including Delta- and Omicron-driven resurgences of SARS-CoV-2 transmission across the United States, underscores the importance of robust genomic surveillance efforts to inform public health planning and practice.
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in the companion dog
Authors: Kimberley Sebastian, H. Gülçin Özer, Cory Howard, Laura Chadsey, Arletta Lozanski, Tzyy-Jye Doong, Shelley Orwick, Gerard Lozanski, Wenjuan Ma, William C. Kisseberth, John C. Byrd, Bonnie K. Harrington
Journal: Leukemia (2022)
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatitis C virus infection
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The long-term impact of HCV infection is highly variable, from minimal changes to extensive fibrosis and cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The number of chronically infected persons worldwide is estimated to be about 160 million, but most of them are unaware of their infection. The implementation of extended criteria for screening of HCV, such as targeting birth cohorts, is the subject of major debate among different stakeholders.
Dementia
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Dementia Dementia is the loss of intellectual ability, which is also known as cognitive (thinking) function.Persons with dementia may be confused, not able to remember things, or lose skills they once had, including performing normal daily activities.Eventually, they may not recognize family members or friends and may display agitated behavior.Although dementia is more common in older adults, it is not a normal consequence of aging.The September 22/29, 2004, issue of JAMA includes an article reporting that regular walking is associated with a reduced risk of developing dementia and an article reporting that physical activity is associated with slower cognitive decline.
Imaging Advances in the Management of Kidney Cancer
Authors: Katherine M. Krajewski, Ivan Pedrosa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

New developments in cross-sectional imaging, including contrast-enhanced ultrasound, dual-energy computed tomography, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography, together with novel application of existing and novel radiotracers, have changed the landscape of renal mass characterization (ie, virtual biopsy) as well as the detection of metastatic disease, prognostication, and response assessment in patients with advanced kidney cancer. A host of imaging response criteria have been developed to characterize the response to targeted and immune therapies and correlate with patient outcomes, each with strengths and limitations. Recent efforts to advance the field are aimed at increasing objectivity with quantitative techniques and the use of banks of imaging data to match the vast genomic data that are becoming available. The emerging field of radiogenomics has the potential to transform further the role of imaging in kidney cancer management through eventual noninvasive characterization of the tumor histology and genetic microenvironment in single renal masses and/or metastatic disease. We review of the effect of currently available imaging techniques in the management of patients with kidney cancer, including localized, locally advanced, and metastatic disease.