tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 8891: Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Level is Correlated with Cardiometabolic Risk But Not Increased Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in High-Risk Children
Authors: Nikoo Cheraghi, Hongying Dai, Geetha Raghuveer
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Some literature supports a link between cardiometabolic risk and vitamin D deficiency among adolescents. Currently, there are no studies examining the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the vasculature in high-risk children. Purpose: To determine whether there is a correlation between vitamin D levels, cardiometabolic risk, and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, among high-risk children. Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were compared to CIMT in 74 high-risk children with multiple modifiable atherosclerosis-promoting risk factors. Vitamin D was categorized into three levels (Insufficient &lt; 20 ngm/mL, Borderline 20 to 30 ngm/mL, and Sufficient &gt; 30 ngm/mL). Modifiable atherosclerosis-promoting risk factors that were included were BMI Z score, Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL C), Insulin, &amp; Tobacco smoke exposure history. Results: Age was 13.7 ± 3.1 years (6-22 years); 45 % Male; 62% White. Vitamin D was 23.1 ± 9.4 ngm/mL (range 6-63 ngm/ml). Vitamin D levels were Insufficient in 20%, Borderline in 57% and Sufficient in 23%. BMI Z score 1.4 ± 1.1, SBP 117 ± 10 mmHg, TC 215 ± 45 mg/dL, TG 195 ± 302 mg/dL, HDL C 46 ± 60, Insulin 17 ± 22 uIU/mL, Tobacco smoke exposure history 30%. Mean modifiable atherosclerosis promoting risk factor score was 3.3 ± 1.6. CIMT mean was 0.48 ± 0.04 mm; CIMT maximum was 0.54 ± 0.06 mm. There was an inverse correlation between vitamin D levels and risk factor score (Figure) . Multivariative analysis adjusting for risk factor score did not confirm any association between vitamin D and mean (p= 0.23) or maximum (p= 0.40) CIMT. Conclusion: Among high-risk children, vitamin D levels are inversely correlated to cardiometabolic risk but there was no association with CIMT.
Abstract 2041: Low P2Y <sub>12</sub> -Specific Platelet Inhibition in Clopidogrel-Treated Patients with Coronary Artery Disease is Common and not Reliably Detected by Conventional Aggregation Tests
Authors: Andreas Schaefer, Sarah Weinberger, Martin Eigenthaler, Georg Ertl, Johann Bauersachs
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Incomplete inhibition of P2Y 12 -mediated platelet activation during clopidogrel treatment has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of impaired individual clopidogrel-responsiveness using a P2Y 12 -specific and pre-treatment-independent assay in a real world situation. Methods: 100 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease on clopidogrel treatment (&gt; 5 days including a loading dose of at least 300 mg) were screened for response to ADP-induced platelet signalling. We assessed the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein-based platelet reactivity index (PRI) as the only P2Y 12 -specific assay to determine clopidogrel responsiveness. Insufficient inhibition of P2Y 12 by clopidogrel was defined as a PRI &gt;50% based on previous studies indicating increased risk of stent thrombosis under this condition. The results were compared with conventional assays to assess ADP-induced P-selectin surface-expression and conventional turbinometric platelet aggregation to several concentrations of ADP. Results: Clopidogrel significantly lowered functional platelet reactivity in patients with coronary artery disease compared to untreated patients. However, insufficient individual response to treatment predisposing for adverse events and therefore previously described as “non-response” was diagnosed in 69% of clopidogrel-treated patients using PRI. Conventional aggregation failed to detect insufficient P2Y 12 -inhibition in 1/3of patients with a PRI&gt;50%. Conclusion: Using the PRI as the only P2Y 12 -specific assay to evaluate the treatment effect of clopidogrel in patients with coronary artery disease, insufficient P2Y 12 -inhibition was present in the majority of patients in a real-world scenario. Insufficient P2Y12-inhibition could not be reliably detected by conventional aggregation More prospective studies are needed to evaluate the influence of the high prevalence of incomplete clopidogrel responsiveness to major adverse cardiac events.
Abstract 5644: Adenosine Diphosphate Signaling in Vascular Endothelial Cells: A Novel Role for AMP-activated Protein Kinase in eNOS Regulation
Authors: Connie N Hess, Ruqin Kou, Gordon K Li, Thomas Michel
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) responses underlie therapeutic approaches to many cardiovascular diseases, yet the pathways of ADP signaling in endothelial cells remain incompletely understood. In cultured aortic endothelial cells, we found that ADP rapidly promotes phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser 1179 (4.7±0.7-fold increase; p&lt;0.05; n=4) and Ser 635 (4.4±0.5-fold increase; p&lt;0.01; n=3), as well as dephosphorylation of eNOS at Ser 116 (51±2% decrease; p&lt;0.01; n=4), with an EC 50 of ~15 μ M. eNOS enzyme activity is stimulated by both ADP (3.2±0.1-fold increase; p&lt;0.05; n=6) and ATP (3.0±0.1-fold increase; p&lt;0.05; n=4). However, only ADP but not ATP signaling is inhibited by the P2Y1 receptor antagonist MRS 2179 and by siRNA-mediated knockdown of P2Y1. These data distinguish ADP from ATP responses. We analyzed signaling pathways involving PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, Src, phospholipase C, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ), using the inhibitors wortmannin, PD90859, PP2, U-73122, and STO-609, respectively. None of these inhibitors alters ADP-modulated eNOS phosphorylation. siRNA-mediated knockdown of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) does not affect ADP-dependent eNOS Ser 1179 phosphorylation but significantly inhibits eNOS Ser 635 phosphorylation and eNOS activity (52±2% decrease; p&lt;0.01; n=5). Importantly, the AMPK enzyme inhibitor compound C has no effect on ADP-induced eNOS activity, despite completely blocking AMPK activity. Similarly, CaMKKβ knockdown suppresses ADP-stimulated eNOS activity, while complete inhibition of CaMKKβ kinase activity using STO-609 has no effect on ADP signaling to eNOS. ADP activates the small GTPase Rac1 and promotes endothelial cell migration (2.5±0.9-fold increase; p&lt;0.001; n=4). ADP-promoted cell migration is abrogated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rac1. Notably, siRNA knockdown of Rac1 blocks ADP-mediated eNOS Ser 1179 and Ser 635 phosphorylation (43±8% decrease; p&lt;0.05; n=4) as well as eNOS activation (55±14% decrease; p&lt;0.05; n=4). These data suggest that the expression- but not the kinase activity- of AMPK and CaMKKβ is necessary for ADP signaling to eNOS. These findings also establish a novel role for Rac1 in ADP regulation of eNOS activity and cell migration in endothelial cells.
The case against
Authors: R. Klein
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Evaluating scientific quality is a notoriously difficult problem which has no standard solution.Ideally, published scientific results should be scrutinised by true experts in the field and given scores for quality and quantity according to established rules.In practice, however, what is called peer review is usually performed by committees with general competence rather than with the specialist's insight that is needed to assess primary research data.Committees tend, therefore, to resort to secondary criteria like crude publication counts, journal prestige, the reputation of authors and institutions, and estimated importance and relevance of the research field, 1 making peer review as much of a lottery as of a rational process. 2 3 On this background, it is hardly surprising that alternative methods for evaluating research are being sought, such as citation rates and journal impact factors, which seem to be quantitative and objective indicators directly related to published science.The citation data are obtained from a database produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in Philadelphia, which continuously records scientific citations as represented by the reference lists of articles from a large number of the world's scientific journals.The references are rearranged in the database to show how many times each publication has been cited within a certain period, and by whom, and the results are published as the Science Citation Index (SCI).On the Is the journal impact factor really representative of the individual journal articles? Relation of journal impact factor and citation rate of articleFor the journal's impact factor to be reasonably representative of its articles, the citation rate of individual articles in the journal should show a narrow distribution, preferably a Gaussian distribution, around Summary points• Use of journal impact factors conceals the difference in article citation rates (articles in the most cited half of articles in a journal are cited 10 times as often as the least cited half) • Journals' impact factors are determined by technicalities unrelated to the scientific quality of their articles • Journal impact factors depend on the research field: high impact factors are likely in journals covering large areas of basic research with a rapidly expanding but short lived literature that use many references per article
Acute Infectious Diseases: A Handbook for Practitioners and Students.
Authors: J. D. Rolleston, G. W. Ronaldson
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Induction of Tac antigen and proliferation of myeloid leukemic cells by ATL-derived factor: comparison with other agents that promote differentiation of human myeloid or monocytic leukemic cells
Authors: S Yamamoto, T Hattori, M Matsuoka, T Ishii, N Asou, M Okada, Y Tagaya, J Yodoi, K Takatsuki
Journal: Blood (1986)
A Problem in Gestation
Authors: John J. Ross, Bindu Chamarthi, Michael F. Greene, Robert G. Dluhy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 39-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 0) presented to her obstetrician at 32 weeks of gestation with pain in her lower back that began 2 days earlier. The pain was abrupt in onset and constant; she reported no fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, dysuria, urinary frequency, hematuria, vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, or trauma. Preterm labor was ruled out, and her blood . . .
Abstract 263: Comparison of Megacode Assessment Following an Enhanced Heartcode ACLS Course versus a Standard Full ACLS Provider Course
Authors: Tammi Bortner, Elizabeth Sinz
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: The AHA endorses 2 instructional methods for Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS): 1) traditional, live, classroom course with skills practice and training scenarios, or 2) web-based, self-paced program with interactive skills practice and testing using avatars (Heartcode ACLS). We compared Mega-code performance of students enrolled in live vs. enhanced online full provider courses. Methods: Students enrolled in ACLS were invited to participate, self-selecting their preferred instructional method (online vs live). Four courses were divided into live and online groups. Students choosing the online course also participated in a one-hour megacode practice. Participants were blended for megacode skills testing given by instructors unaware of students’ learning method. Other assessments by instructors included skill level (1-low, 4-high) and group rank (best to worst). Results: A total of 101 students agreed to participate and 77 (44 live, 33 online) were included (5 physicians, 43 nurses, 14 medical students, and 14 other allied health professionals). 10 had current cards, (7-live, 3-online), 27 had expired cards (17-live,10-online), and 40 had no prior card (20-live, 20-online). The remediation rate was not sig. different for live vs. online groups (4.55% vs 15.15%, p=0.22), and mean skill level was not sig. different for live vs. online (3.32 vs 3.06, p=0.25). Mean and median ranks were better for students in live vs the online study (2.74 vs 3.53, 2 vs 4, p=0.044). Likewise the % ranked in the top of their group was higher in the live (67%) vs. the online group (45%) (p=0.054). There was no sig. difference in the % with a prior class between the 2 arms. Discussion: Although Heartcode ACLS was designed as an ACLS renewal course, some centers and students prefer an online method to complete the full ACLS course requirement. Due to concerns that an online course might not prepare students for the Megacode test or actual arrests, many centers opt not to use the Heartcode product. Our data indicate that with a single practice session, Megacode performance is comparable for those in a full provider course vs those completing Heartcode ACLS. The online course allows students to perform Megacode skills adequately after only 2-3 hours in a testing center, vs 1.5 days.
Chimeric fusion protein toxin DAB486IL-2 in advanced mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome: correlation of activity and interleukin-2 receptor expression in a phase II study
Authors: FM Foss, TA Borkowski, M Gilliom, M Stetler-Stevenson, ES Jaffe, WD Figg, A Tompkins, A Bastian, P Nylen, T Woodworth
Journal: Blood (1994)
Website of the week: Gulf war syndrome
Authors: Douglas Carnall
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This week the BMJ publishes a paper (p 1363) and a linked editorial (p 1351) examining the hypothesis that the accelerated courses of vaccination that Britain's Gulf war troops received may have damaged their long term health. Whatever the science, the supposition that causing an immune response at a time of high stress is a bad idea will find favour among that large and not readily ignored group who prefer intuition to empiricism. Website of the week has considered the issue of Gulf war syndrome in the past (www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/318/7178/269/a), but on a web that is, for all practical purposes, infinite (72.5 million servers, 800 million web pages) it is not difficult to return and find another viewpoint.

Not surprisingly, the conventional search engines turn up some of the wackier sites: it seems strange that a site designed to campaign for veterans takes a “.com” suffix, but www.gulfwarvets.com seems not to worry. Perhaps more interesting is www.gulfweb.org/tracings/, which encourages individual veterans to submit their experiences of the war, while at www.gulflink.osd.mil/ you can download more formal narratives taken as evidence in military enquiries.

The Veteran's Administration is responsible for the health care of returning servicemen and women in the United States. There are vast amounts of information on its site (www.va.gov/index.htm), which has sophisticated searching and indexing features. The site's text-only version ensures high accessibility to those with sensory impairments—obviously essential with its client group, but good practice in any case as it ensures compatibility with any sort of browser.

The UK Ministry of Defence has a site for its Gulf war veterans at www.mod.uk/policy/gulfwar/index.htm. The design is clear, and the reporting frank—though, in a subject riddled with misinformation, reporting that the National Gulf Veterans and Families Association has cut off relations with the Ministry of Defence with no explanation raises more questions than it answers.
The Chemistry of Commerce. A Simple Interpretation of Some New Chemistry in Its Relation to Modern Industry.
Authors: Robert Kennedy Duncan
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 11909: The Anti-atherosclerotic Effect of Statin is Augmented In Patients With Impaired Renal Function: A Sub-analysis of The PEACE Study
Authors: Yoshiaki Shimoda, Koji Ikeda, Tomosaburo Takahashi, Hiroyuki Yamada, Kiyoaki Matsui, Takahisa Sawada, Takashi Nakamura, Hiroaki Matsubara
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Renal dysfunction is a significant risk factor for the cardiovascular disease. Although beneficial effects of statin on the prevention of cardiovascular events have been established, li...
Abstract 11438: Clinical Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study
Authors: Susan G Lakoski, Carolyn E Barlow, Jarett Berry, James R Morrow, Stephen W Farrell, William L Haskell
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is widely accepted as an important reversible cardiovascular risk factor. In the current study, we studied the non-modifiable and modifiable determinants of cardiore...
Soundings: Just listening
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A few years ago I helped with a door to door survey on a grotty council estate. I had been drafted on to some menage a trois collaboration (academic, service, and voluntary sector), and we were heavy on hearing local voices.

I had helped design the survey and done my utmost to ensure that it was evidence based. We especially wanted to include refugees, chain smokers, single parents, people who didn't speak English, the unemployed, people who sell sex, those addicted to illegal substances, etc, so that we could design accessible and culturally congruent services at the interface between health and social care.

I parked my car two miles away and made my way across a motorway bridge, through an alley, past burnt out vans and abandoned junk, to the far corner of the estate, where my target block of most-deprived flats lay.

Times have moved on. You can now explore the perspective of society's have-nots without setting foot outside your ivory tower. Just send them the URL of the Department of Health's latest listening exercise, “Your health, your care, your say” (www.nhs.uk/yoursay/). Your sample can simply click a radio button to indicate whether they would prefer to receive “Information, support and advice on tackling drug use,” “An NHS book on taking care of your own health,” or “Routine physical examinations for anyone who wants one.”

Their responses constitute, in the government's own words, “democracy in action.” They will—presumably—be collated and used to prioritise community based service provision for the disempowered and socially excluded. Because thousands of people have clicked their way through the survey, the data generated will be robust and reliable—or so the government thinks. Because people have been asked for their views directly, rather than professionals or voluntary sector advocates speaking on their behalf, service users are expected to be more empowered.

An elderly woman has just been given a suspended prison sentence for suffocating her severely disturbed and violent 36 year old autistic son. She had been his devoted carer for 30 years, and had written repeatedly to social services pleading for help, with no meaningful response. Now there's a listening exercise that the government might like to reflect on.
Abstract 2691: Independent Relation Of Aortic Stiffness With Subclinical Left Ventricular Myocardial Dysfunction In Patients With Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Emona Malshi, Carmela Morizzo, Elena Guerra, Michaela Kozakova, Maria Florescu, Dragos Vinereanu, Carlo Palombo
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: increasing evidence suggests a major role of arterial stiffness in determining transition towards heart failure in patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. An increased LV mass resulting from augmented LV impedance associated with aortic stiffness may partly account for this finding. Aim of the study: to investigate the possible association of aortic stiffness with LV geometry, mass (LVM) and load-independent indices of myocardial function in patients with CV risk factors. Materials and methods: 129 subjects were studied, 47 healthy controls (27 males, mean age 45.6 Â± 11 years) and 82 patients with at least one major CV risk factor, and without clinical CV disease or evidence of inducible myocardial ischemia (49 males, mean age 45.5 Â± 17 years). LV mass, geometry, systolic pump function, diastolic filling and intrinsic myocardial performance were assessed by a comprehensive echocardiographic study (Aloka SSD-5500, Japan) including 2-D targeted M-mode and apical 4-chamber view of the LV, transmitral Doppler, and Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI). LV myocardial longitudinal velocities were studied at medial mitral annulus and interventricular septum (IVS) level. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of aortic stiffness, was measured by the foot-to-foot method (Complior, Artech, Paris). Results: in the overall population, PWV correlated (p&lt;0.01) directly with LVM (r=0.410) and inversely with transmitral E/A ratio (r=- 0.528), Em/Am ratio at mitral annulus (r=-0.603) and interventricular septal level (r=-0.497). No significant relations were found with indices of LV systolic function (both chamber and myocardial). In a stepwise regression analysis model (age, CF-PWV, diastolic blood pressure, LVM) only age and CF-PWV entered as independent determinants of TDI Em/Am (squared r value: 0.55, p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: in a population including normal subjects and patients with risk factors and free of CV disease, an increased aortic stiffness is associated with subclinical impairment of LV myocardial diastolic function independently of LV mass and blood pressure.