tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17313: Myocardial Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation is Not Associated With Supraventricular or Ventricular Ectopic Activity: Results From a Cardiac Imaging Study
Authors: Dragana Rujic, Manan Pareek, Kenneth Egstrup
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Myocardial remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF) is a continuum of structural, hemodynamic, and electrophysical changes that often coexist in a complex pathophysiological interplay. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) derived myocardial strain, by tracking subtle alterations in myocardial function, was associated with premature atrial (PAC) and ventricular (PVC) complexes, detected by 7-day Holter-monitoring. Methods: A total of 95 patients (mean age 63±8.5 years, 52% male) with a history of paroxysmal (51%) or persistent AF (49%) underwent CMR and 7-day Holter-monitoring during sinus rhythm. Left atrial measures, including volume, ejection fraction, peak systolic longitudinal, radial and circumferential strain were assessed using cine CMR feature tracking by commercially available software (Circle, Calgary, Canada). Holter-monitoring was used to determine heart rate and rhythm, including the presence of PACs and PVCs. The associations between strain variables and Holter-variables were examined using multivariable linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, and AF type. Results: Left atrial end-diastolic volume was significantly increased, particularly in patients with persistent AF, when compared with healthy controls (persistent AF 132±32 ml vs. healthy 77±14 ml). Similarly, left atrial ejection fraction was significantly reduced in persistent AF as compared with normal reference values (48±10 ml vs. 54±10 ml). There were no significant associations between CMR strain parameters and average PACs per hour, average PVCs per hour, average PACs per sinus beats per hour or average PVCs per sinus beats per hour. These associations remained unaltered after adjusting for age, sex, and AF type. Finally, no significant interactions with AF type were found. Conclusions: Despite significant myocardial remodeling in left atrium shown by increased end-diastolic volume and decreased left atrial ejection fraction, there was no correlation with increased ectopic activity as assessed by 7-day ambulatory Holter monitoring. Image
Efficacy and safety outcomes of darolutamide in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with comorbidities and concomitant medications from ARAMIS.
Authors: Karim Fizazi, Neal D. Shore, Matthew Raymond Smith, Rodrigo Ramos, Robert J. Jones, Guenter Niegisch, Egils Vjaters, Jorge A. Ortiz, Steve Liang, Yuan Wang, Shankar Srinivasan, Toni Sarapohja, Frank Verholen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

256 Background: Patients (pts) with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) are primarily older, have comorbidities, and take concomitant medications. Darolutamide (DARO), a structurally distinct and highly potent androgen receptor inhibitor, significantly reduced the risk of metastasis by ̃2 years and the risk of death by 31% versus placebo (PBO) and demonstrated favorable safety and tolerability in the phase 3 ARAMIS trial. DARO also has low potential for drug−drug interactions. This post hoc analysis of ARAMIS evaluated overall survival (OS) and safety in pts with ongoing comorbidities and concomitant medications. Methods: Pts with nmCRPC were randomized 2:1 to DARO (n=955) or PBO (n=554) while continuing androgen-deprivation therapy. At the final data cutoff (Nov 15, 2019), OS and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated in pts with a median of ≤ and &gt;6 comorbidities or ≤ and &gt;10 concomitant medications in the double-blind period. HRs (95% CIs) were determined from univariate analysis using Cox regression. Results: The majority of pts had ≥6 comorbidities (53%; 795/1509) or received ≥10 concomitant medications (54%; 813/1509). For pts with ≤6 and &gt;6 comorbidities, DARO prolonged OS vs PBO (HR 0.65 and 0.73, respectively). OS benefit of DARO vs PBO was consistent for pts with metabolic, cardiovascular (CV), and other comorbid disorders (HR range: 0.39–0.88). For pts receiving ≤10 and &gt;10 concomitant medications, OS was prolonged with DARO vs PBO (HR 0.76 and 0.66, respectively). Subgroups of pts receiving concomitant medications for gastrointestinal/metabolic disorders, CV disease, urologic disorders, and pain/inflammation achieved similar OS benefit with DARO vs PBO (HR range: 0.45–0.80). Incidence of AEs and AEs leading to treatment discontinuation with DARO was comparable to PBO across subgroups by number of comorbidities and concomitant medications (Table). Conclusions: The OS benefit and safety of DARO remained consistent with that observed in the overall ARAMIS population, even in patients with a high number of comorbidities or concomitant medications. Clinical trial information: NCT02200614. [Table: see text]
When should MI-BCI feature optimization include prior knowledge, and which one?
Authors: Camille Benaroch, Maria Sayu Yamamoto, Aline Roc, Pauline Dreyer, Camille Jeunet, Fabien Lotte
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2022)

Motor imagery-based brain–computer interfaces (MI-BCIs) rely on interactions between humans and machines. The (learning) characteristics of both components are key to understand and improve performances. Data-driven methods are often used to select/extract features with very little neurophysiological prior. Should they include prior knowledge and which one? We study the relationship between MI-BCI performances and characteristics of a commonly used subject-specific Most Discriminant Frequency Band (MDFB). Our results showed a correlation between the selected MDFB characteristics (mean and width) and performances. While a causal link could not be determined, online MI-BCI performances obtained using a constrained algorithm --enforcing characteristics associated to high performances– seemed higher than with an unconstrained algorithm. Finally, we used machine learning to 1) predict MI-BCI performances from MDFB characteristics and 2) select automatically the optimal algorithm. This way, the constrained algorithm could improve performances for subjects with either clearly distinct or no distinct EEG patterns.
THE PHYSICIAN HIMSELF.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leptospirosis?
Authors: S Waitkins
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of migraine, especially in terms of the "protec- tion" offered by diabetes mellitus, is even more perplexing.Activation of platelets, platelet hyperaggregability, and the release of vasoactive substances from platelets have all been incriminated in the pathogenesis of migraine.'Platelets are known to be hyperactive and hyperaggregable in diabetes mellitus and release more thromboxane A2,59 especially when macrovascular disease is concomitantly present.10Yet diabetes mellitus offers protec- tion from migraine.This would suggest that the answer to the diabetic's "protection" from migraine lies not in platelets but in blood vessels themselves.
Belladonna Poisoning
Authors: M. Hamilton, A. B. Sclare
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDICAL JOUR-NAL tivity remained a possibility, and subjects with rashes were advised to warn doctors in the future of the possibility of their being sensitized.The mechanism of the phenomena is obscure, the drug, the vaccination lesion, and light all playing a part. SummaryIn the control of streptococcal infections in an R.A.F.station prophylactic sulphonamides were administered in a dosage of 2 g. daily for ten days to 470 personnel.A high incidence (34.6%) of photosensitization rashes occurred, due to a combination of three factors-the sun, vaccination, and sulphanilamide.The highest incidence of rashes was found in men recently vaccinated, and coincided with the development of the pustular stage even when this occurred after the drug had been sus- pended.No rashes appeared in personnel in whom vaccination had failed or was refused.The literature relating to toxic reactions occurring in the use of prophylactic sulphonamides and to sulphonamide photo- sensitivity is discussed.The evidence produced shows that a combination of sulphanil- amide administration to ambulatory personnel and vaccination will cause a high incidence of transient photosensitization rashes.
Ventricular tachyarrhythmia and psychological stress
Authors: S. T. Sinatra
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 321: XPro1595 Reduces the Severity of Post Resuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Changsheng Wang, Jin Yang, Zhangle Hu, Qinyue Guo, Xiaobo Wu, Jennifer Bradley, Mary Ann Peberdy, Joseph Ornato, Kirsty Dixon, Wanchun Tang
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Systemic inflammation plays a major role in the pathophysiology of myocardial dysfunction following cardiac arrest (CA), even after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A major contributor is pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), which induces cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac dilation and reduced heart function. TNF activates two receptors: TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) induces detrimental cardiac pathology (impedes heart function and reduces survival); and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) promotes heart health (improves heart function and survival). This distinction is important because traditional TNF inhibitors (e.g. Etanercept and Infliximab) block the activity of both TNF receptors, causing heart failure. In contrast, selectively inhibiting TNFR1 will likely improve heart function and animal survival following CA. XPro1595 is a novel biologic that selectively inhibits the soluble form of TNF from activating detrimental TNFR1, without interfering with the transmembrane form of TNF to active beneficial TNFR2. Hypothesis: XPro1595 selectively inhibits the activity of TNFR1 to reduce myocardial dysfunction following CA. Methods: Adult Sprague Dawley rats were anaesthetized and underwent CA (8 min VF, then 8 min CPR), or sham surgery (omit VF and CPR), with or without XPro1595 (10 mg/kg, I.V.), or vehicle treatment 10 min later. Ejection fraction (EF), cardiac index (CI), and myocardial performance index (MPI) were measured at baseline, and 2 and 4 hrs after ROSC. Sham + vehicle (n=5), CA + vehicle (n=5), CA + XPro1595 (n=5). Results: XPro1595 treatment significantly improved heart function following CA. For all parameters measured, XPro1595-treated CA animals showed significant improvement above vehicle-treated CA animals, but did not reach sham-operated levels (Fig. 1). Conclusions: Using XPro1595 to selectively inhibit soluble TNF from activating TNFR1 improves heart function following CA.
Sajidah Asmat Hussain
Authors: Richard Long, Mark Rowsell
Journal: BMJ (2022)

We have identified a novel signaling pathway that leads to expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in murine macrophages in response to the bacterial endotoxin, LPS. We showed that p38 kinase was essential for this induction and observed that LPS-induced MMP-9 expression was sensitive to rottlerin, a putative protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) inhibitor. However neither infection with a retrovirus expressing a dominant negative mutant of PKCδ nor down-regulation of PKCδ by prolonged PMA treatment affected MMP-9 expression, thus excluding involvement of PKCδ. Interestingly, LPS-induced MMP-9 expression and p38 kinase phosphorylation were shown to be suppressed by the antioxidant <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine and the flavoenzyme inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride, but not by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an NF-κB inhibitor. In addition, LPS was found to induce the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and this effect was rottlerin-sensitive, suggesting an inhibitory effect of rottlerin on mitochondrial ROS. LPS-induced MMP-9 expression and p38 kinase phosphorylation were also inhibited by rotenone, a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, supporting the role of mitochondrial ROS in LPS signaling to MMP-9. Finally, we showed that the ROS-p38 kinase cascade targets the transcription factor AP-1. Taken together, our findings identify a ROS-p38 kinase-AP-1 cascade as a novel pathway mediating LPS signaling to MMP-9 expression in macrophages.
Active surveillance in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A single-center cohort.
Authors: William Schwartzman, Roy Elias, Malvika Govil, Waseem Nosair, Alana Christie, Kevin Dale Courtney, Isaac Alex Bowman, Suzanne Cole, Waddah Arafat, Hans J. Hammers, James Brugarolas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

389 Background: Emerging data suggest that active surveillance (AS) may be safely implemented in a subset of patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and indolent disease to delay the initiation of systemic therapy without undermining long-term survival. However, widespread adoption of AS has been limited by a lack of data on factors portending favorable outcomes. In this study we sought to characterize pts undergoing AS at a large academic medical center to identify factors associated with time on AS. Methods: We identified pts on AS using Kidney Cancer Explorer (KCE), the data management platform of the Kidney Cancer Program at UT Southwestern Medical Center (2005-2020), as well as input from medical oncologists. The AS cohort was defined by (1) having metastatic RCC (determined by either a suspicious lesion &gt; 1cm or a positive biopsy), and (2) the absence of prior systemic therapy. Baseline characteristics and IMDC criteria were evaluated at the outset. Outcomes of interest included progression free survival (PFS), time to systemic therapy (TST), and overall survival (OS). Survival estimates were generated using Kaplan Meier methods. Cox proportional hazard models were used in univariate and multivariate analyses to identify baseline characteristics associated with TST. Results: We identified 37 pts with metastatic RCC undergoing AS; 31 pts (83.8%) had ccRCC, 28 pts (75.7%) had a favorable IMDC prognostic group, 18 pts (48.6%) had one metastatic lesion at baseline, and the cohort had an average tumor burden of 21mm. The majority of pts had clinical or radiologic progression with a median PFS of 10.8 months (95% CI: 8.13-23.31). The median TST was 37 months (95% CI: 24.3-94.9). In total, there were 11 deaths (none of which occurred prior to the initiation of systemic therapy) and median OS after the initiation of AS was 132.5 months (95% CI: 87.3-NR). Multivariate analyses showed that higher numbers of metastatic lesions at baseline were associated with a shorter TST (HR:1.45; 95% CI: 1.03-2.03, p = 0.03). At a median follow-up of 62.5 months, 11/37 (29%) of pts had not yet started systemic therapy. Conclusions: These results expand upon previous studies and support a role for AS to delay systemic therapy in selected pts with metastatic RCC.
Long-term Follow-up of Hepatitis C Patients Who Achieved Sustained Virologic Response in the Pragmatic PRIORITIZE Study
Authors: Anna S. Lok, Juhi Moon, Kenneth E. Sherman, Mandana Khalili, Dawn Fishbein, K. Rajender Reddy, Giuseppe Morelli, Joy Peter, David R. Nelson, Brian Pearlman, Larry Michael, Michael W. Fried, Jodi B. Segal, Mark S. Sulkowski
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2022)
State Medicaid Coverage for Tobacco-Dependence Treatments--United States, 2006
Journal: JAMA (2008)

In 2000, of approximately 32 million persons who received health insurance coverage through Medicaid programs, an estimated 11.5 million (36%) smoked. One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to provide coverage by Medicaid in the 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC) for nicotine-dependence treatment. The Guide to Community Preventive Services recommends reducing the cost of tobacco-dependence treatments to increase the number of smokers who successfully quit smoking. The 2000 Public Health Service (PHS) Clinical Practice Guideline also supports expanded insurance coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments. The amount and type of coverage for tobacco-dependence treatment offered by Medicaid has been reported previously for 1998, 2000, and 2001. In 2002, all states and DC were surveyed again about the amount and type of coverage they provided. This report summarizes the results of the survey, which indicate that as of December 31, 2002, 1) 36 Medicaid programs covered some tobacco-dependence counseling or medication for all Medicaid recipients, 2) four states offered coverage only for pregnant women, 3) two states offered coverage for all pharmacotherapy and counseling treatments recommended by the 2000 PHS guideline, and 4) seven states covered all recommended medications and at least one form of counseling. To improve the health of populations with disproportionately high rates of smoking, the 50 states and DC should provide coverage under Medicaid for all recommended tobacco-dependence treatments.
Abstract 258: Dynamic Assessment of Lung Injury by Ultrasound in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Chunshuang Wu, Jiefeng Xu, Xiaohong Jin, Qijiang Chen, Moli Wang, Zilong Li, Mao Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Acute lung injury (ALI) is common in post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Lung ultrasound, known as a noninvasive and easily-performed method, has a growing role in the assessment of lung injury. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of lung ultrasound in monitoring ALI in a porcine model of cardiac arrest undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. Hypothesis: Lung ultrasound would be a promising approach to evaluate the severity of ALI in PCAS. Methods: Twenty-three male domestic swine weighing 36±3 kg were randomized into three groups: 1) therapeutic hypothermia (TH, n=9), 2) normothermia (NT, n=9), and 3) sham control (Control, n=5). Sham animals underwent the surgical preparation only. The animal model was established by 8 mins of ventricular fibrillation and then 5 mins of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. At 5 mins after resuscitation, therapeutic hypothermia was induced and maintained until 24 hrs post-resuscitation in the TH group. Body temperature was normally maintained in the other two groups. Lung ultrasound score (LUS), extra-vascular lung water index (ELWI), pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) and PO 2 /FiO 2 were measured at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hrs after resuscitation. Results: After resuscitation, LUS, ELWI and PVPI were significantly increased and PO 2 /FiO 2 was significantly decreased in the HT and NT groups than in the Control group. However, all of them were significantly better in the HT group compared to the NT group (Table). Additionally, increases in LUS were highly correlated with increases in ELWI ( r =0.613; p &lt;0.001) and PVPI ( r =0.683; p &lt;0.001), and decreases in PO 2 /FiO 2 ( r =-0.468; p &lt;0.001). Conclusions: Lung ultrasound was a feasible approach to evaluate the severity of ALI in PCAS.