tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PRESENT STATUS OF SPINAL SURGERY.
Authors: SAMUEL LLOYD
Journal: JAMA (1901)

<h3>FRACTURES (CONTINUED).</h3> In those cases where no improvement follows the recovery from the shock, and yet the suspicion remains that a complete crush of the cord has not occurred, we should operate immediately. This divides the cases, therefore, as follows: 1. Those that evidently have complete destruction of the cord; they should not be operated on. 2. Those where, following the recovery from the shock, it is evident that the lesion of the cord has not been completely destructive and yet no improvement is noted. Operation here should be done as soon as these facts are determined. 3. Those where the lesion of the cord is incomplete and where the symptoms of compression are extending as evidenced by increasing paralysis and the enlarged area of anesthesia. Here operation should be undertaken immediately, as there is a hemorrhage, an inflammatory thickening, or some acute process present that threatens the destruction of
Overdose and Homelessness—Why We Need to Talk About Housing
Authors: Kelly M. Doran, Callan Elswick Fockele, Marcella Maguire
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

Danielle R. Fine, MD, MSc; Kirsten A. Dickins, PhD, FNP-C; Logan D. Adams, MD; Denise De Las Nueces, MD, MPH; Karen Weinstock, BS; Joseph Wright, MD; Jessie M. Gaeta, MD; Travis P. Baggett, MD, MPH
Using genetically modified extracellular vesicles as a non-invasive strategy to evaluate brain-specific cargo
Authors: David Rufino-Ramos, Sevda Lule, Shadi Mahjoum, Stefano Ughetto, D. Cristopher Bragg, Luís Pereira de Almeida, Xandra O. Breakefield, Koen Breyne
Journal: Biomaterials (2022)

The lack of techniques to trace brain cell behavior in vivo hampers the ability to monitor status of cells in a living brain. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized membrane-surrounded vesicles, released by virtually all brain cells might be able to report their status in easily accessible biofluids, such as blood. EVs communicate among tissues using lipids, saccharides, proteins, and nucleic acid cargo that reflect the state and composition of their source cells. Currently, identifying the origin of brain-derived EVs has been challenging, as they consist of a rare population diluted in an overwhelming number of blood and peripheral tissue-derived EVs. Here, we developed a sensitive platform to select out pre-labelled brain-derived EVs in blood as a platform to study the molecular fingerprints of brain cells. This proof-of-principle study used a transducible construct tagging tetraspanin (TSN) CD63, a membrane-spanning hallmark of EVs equipped with affinity, bioluminescent, and fluorescent tags to increase detection sensitivity and robustness in capture of EVs secreted from pre-labelled cells into biofluids. Our platform enables unprecedented efficient isolation of neural EVs from the blood. These EVs derived from pre-labelled mouse brain cells or engrafted human neuronal progenitor cells (hNPCs) were submitted to multiplex analyses, including transcript and protein levels, in compliance with the multibiomolecule EV carriers. Overall, our novel strategy to track brain-derived EVs in a complex biofluid opens up new avenues to study EVs released from pre-labelled cells in near and distal compartments into the biofluid source.
Mostly Able
Authors: Amanda Kost
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor tislelizumab combined with s-1 plus oxaliplatin in patients with local advanced gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: Interim results of a single-arm, phase II trial.
Authors: Kaixiong Tao, Yuping Yin, Yao Lin, Wei Li, Ruidong Li, Weizhen Liu, Zhen Xiong, Xiangyu Zeng, Ming Cai, Cuanqing Wu, Peng Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

300 Background: D2 radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy is mainly treatment scheme of Gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. Nevertheless, the prognosis of patients with G/GEJ cancer still remain variation after normative therapy. Further, neoadjuvant therapy showed highlighted application value and Immuno-oncology therapy is newly prominent in improving prognosis of patients with G/GEJ cancer recently. Methods: We conduct a prospective, single-arm, open-label, non-randomized phase II trials of PD-1 inhibitor Tislelizumab combined with S-1 plus Oxaliplatin (SOX) in Patients with Local Advanced G/GEJ cancer (NCT04890392). Treatment is performed for 3 cycles (21 days/1 cycle) and all patients are evaluated tumor pathology regression after D2 radical surgery performed, and are followed up. The primary endpoints were tumor major pathology response (MPR) and other events of tumor response assessed by tumor regression grade (TRG). We also recode the variation of immunological indicators during treatment and develop a predictive nomogram to predict the probability of patients reached MPR. Results: 13 of 21 patients (61.9%) reached MPR after treatment and 5 of 21 patients had a complete tumor response (23.8%). While 2 of 21 patients were assessed as disease progression (9.5%). there was no significant difference in MPR (TRG = 0&amp;1) between gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer (6/11 vs. 7/10. P = 0.525). Adverse events occurred in 11 of 21 patients (52.4%) in the cohort. Grade III-IV adverse event occurred in only 1 of 21 patients (4.8%). the variation of CD3+ and CD4+ immune cell counts and TNFα of patients reached MPR was significantly higher than patients not reached MPR during treatment (CD3+, P = 0.044; CD4+, P = 0.042; TNFα, P = 0.048). Further, we developed the predictive nomogram of MPR consisted of age, Hb and TNFα and the AUC of nomogram was 0.890; the C-index was 0.885. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant PD-1 Inhibitor Tislelizumab combined with SOX shows greatly potential of therapeutic application in patients with G/GEJ cancer with no-increasing treatment-related adverse events. While this predictive nomogram may help therapists more accurately apply this scheme and explore improvement. Clinical trial information: NCT04890392.
Allergy
Journal: Allergy (2010)

Graphical Abstract Exposure to air pollutants is associated with the polarization of specific pro-inflammatory circulating monocytes in children with asthma. Air pollutants induce innate trained immunity in monocytes characterized by the elevation of pro-inflammatory mediators upon stimulation with house dust mite or LPS. Pollution-induced trained immunity in monocytes is epigenetically mediated via H3K27ac.
Pathologic studies of late vascular responses to successful Palmatz-Schatz stent implantation Katsumi Inoue, Kenji Ando, Shinichi Shirai, Michio Nakanishi, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Naoya Hamasaki, Takeshi Kimura, Hideyuki Nosaka, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi. Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Equity and Quality—Improving Health Care Delivery Requires Both
Authors: Victor J. Dzau, Kedar Mate, Margaret O’Kane
Journal: JAMA (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Efficacy of retreatment with oxaliplatin-based regimens in metastatic colorectal cancer patients: The RETROX-CRC retrospective study.
Authors: Gianluca Mauri, Alessio Amatu, Federica Tosi, Katia Bencardino, Erica Bonazzina, Viviana Gori, Lorenzo Ruggieri, Sabrina Arena, Alberto Bardelli, Silvia Marsoni, Salvatore Siena, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

127 Background: Oxaliplatin in association with fluoropyrimidines is universally considered one of the most effective drugs for colorectal cancer and the mainstay of front-line treatment of metastatic patients. In contrast the efficacy and safety profile of oxaliplatin based regimens in the late-care treatment space have been poorly and conflictingly reported. Methods: We identified a real-world cohort of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients undergoing repeated oxaliplatin treatments in a single institution and retrospectively analysed their clinicopathological features to identify potential efficacy-predictive determinants of oxaliplatin response at retreatment (RETROX-CRC Study). Results: Out of 2,606 consecutive mCRC patients referred to Niguarda Cancer Center, 119 fulfilled the eligibility criteria of the study. The response rate (RR) and the disease control rate (DCR) after oxaliplatin retreatments were respectively 21.6% (95% CI 14.4-31.0%), and 57.8% (95% CI 47.7-67.4). A trend towards better RR and DCR was observed among patients who were exposed to oxaliplatin in the adjuvant setting, while a significantly poorer outcome was observed when two or more intervening treatments were delivered in between oxaliplatin exposures. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.1 months (95% CI 4.3-6.1), significantly lower if oxaliplatin was re-administered beyond the third line (HR 2.02; 1.25-3.25; p=0.004). Safety data were reliably retrieved in 65 patients (54,6%). Of these 18.5% (12/65) and 7.7% (5/65) of them had G3-4 toxicities. Overall, toxicity was the cause of treatment discontinuation in almost a third of cases (28.6%; 34/119), with hypersensitivity reactions as the most prevalent reason for stopping treatment (58.8%; 20/34). Conclusions: In this large real-world series of 2,606 mCRC patients, less than 5% were re-treated with oxaliplatin. A late-disease control was achieved in almost 60% of patients, with a clinically acceptable sustained PFS and safety. Given the low performance of current standard drugs in late care of mCRC, retreatment with oxaliplatin might be considered a viable alternative especially if hopefully biology-based predictive markers for improving patient selection could be found.
20-Year Steady Increase in Survival of Adult Patients with Relapsed Philadelphia-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Post Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Ali Bazarbachi, Myriam Labopin, Mahmoud Aljurf, Riitta Niittyvuopio, Marie Balsat, Didier Blaise, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Anna Grassi, Hans Christian Reinhardt, Stig Lenhoff, Pavel Jindra, Jakob Passweg, Iman Abou Dalle, Michael Stadler, Bruno Lioure, Patrice Ceballos, Eolia Brissot, Sebastian Giebel, Arnon Nagler, Christoph Schmid, Mohamad Mohty
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2022)

Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains the first cause of transplant failure in patients with Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In other hematologic malignancies, therapeutic advances resulted in significant improvement over time in survival of patients relapsing after transplant.We compared outcomes at European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) participating centers of 899 adult patients with Ph+ ALL who relapsed between 2000 and 2019 after allo-HCT performed in first complete remission. Median follow-up for alive patients was 56 months.Overall, 116 patients relapsed between 2000 and 2004, 225 between 2005 and 2009, 294 between 2010 and 2014, and 264 between 2015 and 2019. Patient and transplant characteristics were similar over the four time periods except for a progressive increase in unrelated donors, peripheral blood stem cells, reduced intensity conditioning, and in vivo T-cell depletion and a progressive decrease in total body irradiation. The 2-year overall survival (OS) after relapse increased from 27.8% for patients relapsing between 2000 and 2004 to 54.8% for 2015 and 2019 (P = 0.001). A second allo-HCT within 2 years after relapse was performed in 13.9% of patients resulting in a 2-year OS of 35.9%. In multivariate analysis, OS from relapse was positively affected by a longer time from transplant to relapse and the year of relapse.We observed a major progressive improvement in OS from posttransplant relapse for patients with Ph+ ALL over the years, likely multifactorial including transplant-related factors, posttransplant salvage, and improvement in supportive care. These large-scale real-world data can serve as a benchmark for future studies in this setting. See related commentary by Gale, p. 813.
Oxidative ornithine metabolism supports non-inflammatory C. difficile colonization
Authors: Kali M. Pruss, Fatima Enam, Eric Battaglioli, Mary DeFeo, Oscar R. Diaz, Steven K. Higginbottom, Curt R. Fischer, Andrew J. Hryckowian, William Van Treuren, Dylan Dodd, Purna Kashyap, Justin L. Sonnenburg
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2022)

Abstract The enteric pathogen Clostridioides difficile ( Cd ) is responsible for a toxin-mediated infection that causes more than 200,000 recorded hospitalizations and 13,000 deaths in the United States every year 1 . However, Cd can colonize the gut in the absence of disease symptoms. Prevalence of asymptomatic colonization by toxigenic Cd in healthy populations is high; asymptomatic carriers are at increased risk of infection compared to noncolonized individuals and may be a reservoir for transmission of Cd infection 2,3 . Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which Cd persists in the absence of disease is necessary for understanding pathogenesis and developing refined therapeutic strategies. Here, we show with gut microbiome metatranscriptomic analysis that mice recalcitrant to Cd infection and inflammation exhibit increased community-wide expression of arginine and ornithine metabolic pathways. To query Cd metabolism specifically, we leverage RNA sequencing in gnotobiotic mice infected with two wild-type strains (630 and R20291) and isogenic toxin-deficient mutants of these strains to differentiate inflammation-dependent versus -independent transcriptional states. A single operon encoding oxidative ornithine degradation is consistently upregulated across non-toxigenic Cd strains. Combining untargeted and targeted metabolomics with bacterial and host genetics, we demonstrate that both diet- and host-derived sources of ornithine provide a competitive advantage to Cd , suggesting a mechanism for Cd persistence within a non-inflammatory, healthy gut.
Risks and Benefits of Ultra–Lung-Protective Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Strategies with a Focus on Extracorporeal Support
Authors: Darryl Abrams, Cara Agerstrand, Jeremy R. Beitler, Christian Karagiannidis, Purnema Madahar, Natalie H. Yip, Antonio Pesenti, Arthur S. Slutsky, Laurent Brochard, Daniel Brodie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2022)

Lung-protective ventilation strategies are the current standard of care for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in an effort to provide adequate ventilatory requirements while minimizing ventilator-induced lung injury. Some patients may benefit from ultra-lung-protective ventilation, a strategy that achieves lower airway pressures and Vt than the current standard. Specific physiological parameters beyond severity of hypoxemia, such as driving pressure and respiratory system elastance, may be predictive of those most likely to benefit. Because application of ultra-lung-protective ventilation is often limited by respiratory acidosis, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal, which remove carbon dioxide from blood, is an attractive option. These strategies are associated with hematological complications, especially when applied at low blood-flow rates with devices designed for higher blood flows, and a recent large randomized controlled trial failed to show a benefit from an extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal-facilitated ultra-lung-protective ventilation strategy. Only in patients with very severe forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome has the use of an ultra-lung-protective ventilation strategy-accomplished with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-been suggested to have a favorable risk-to-benefit profile. In this critical care perspective, we address key areas of controversy related to ultra-lung-protective ventilation, including the trade-offs between minimizing ventilator-induced lung injury and the risks from strategies to achieve this added protection. In addition, we suggest which patients might benefit most from an ultra-lung-protective strategy and propose areas of future research.
This Week in &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;JAMA&lt;/EMPH&gt;
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Lorraine Niño Alexander, RN, MPH; Jane F. Seward, MBBS, MPH; Tammy A. Santibanez, PhD; Mark A. Pallansch, PhD; Olen M. Kew, PhD; D. Rebecca Prevots, PhD; Peter M. Strebel, MD; Joanne Cono, MD, ScM; Melinda Wharton, MD; Walter A. Orenstein, MD; Roland W. Sutter, MD
Analysis of Platelet Count and New Cancer Diagnosis Over a 10-Year Period
Authors: Vasily Giannakeas, Joanne Kotsopoulos, Matthew C. Cheung, Laura Rosella, Jennifer D. Brooks, Lorraine Lipscombe, Mohammad R. Akbari, Peter C. Austin, Steven A. Narod
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2022)

<h3>Importance</h3> Individuals with cancer often have an elevated platelet count at the time of diagnosis. The extent to which an elevated platelet count is an indicator of cancer is unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the association of an elevated platelet count with a cancer diagnosis. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This nested case-control study included Ontario residents enrolled in the provincial health insurance plan who had 1 or more routine complete blood count (CBC) tests performed between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017, with follow-up through December 31, 2018. Case patients were individuals with a new cancer diagnosis during the observation period. Eligible control individuals were cancer free before the date of diagnosis for a case patient to whom they were matched. One case patient was matched to 3 controls based on sex, age, and health care use patterns. Data were analyzed from September 24, 2020, to July 13, 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Case patients and controls were assigned to 1 of 5 exposure groups based on age- and sex-specific platelet count distributions in the control population: very low (≤10th percentile), low (&gt;10th to 25th percentile), medium (&gt;25th to &lt;75th percentile), high (75th to &lt;90th percentile), and very high (≥90th percentile). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for specific cancer sites for each category of platelet count at intervals up to 10 years after a blood test. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 8 917 187 eligible Ontario residents with a routine CBC record available, 4 971 578 (55.8%) were women; the median age at the first CBC was 46.4 years (IQR, 32.5-59.5 years). Among individuals with a routine CBC record available, 495 341 (5.6%) received a diagnosis of first primary cancer during the 10-year observation period. The OR for a solid tumor diagnosis associated with a very high platelet count vs a medium platelet count in the 6-month period before the diagnosis was 2.32 (95% CI, 2.28-2.35). A very high platelet count was associated with colon (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 4.22-4.54), lung (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 4.22-4.53), ovarian (OR, 4.62; 95% CI, 4.19-5.09), and stomach (OR, 4.27; 95% CI, 3.91-4.66) cancers. Odds ratios attenuated with increasing time from CBC test to cancer diagnosis. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this nested case-control study, an elevated platelet count was associated with increased risk of cancer at several sites. Our findings suggest that an elevated platelet count could potentially serve as a marker for the presence of some cancer types.
P-173 Customisation of therapeutic strategy in metastatic colorectal cancer by use of liquid biopsies: Final results of an observational study
Authors: M. Kastrisiou, G. Zarkavelis, A. Kougioumtzi, C. Tzallas, E. Tselikou, A. Mantziou, K. Gkrepi, E. Fountzilas, G. Nasioulas, A. Batistatou, A. Magklara, G. Pentheroudakis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2021)