tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gestational diabetes mellitus.
Authors: M Maresh
Journal: BMJ (1993)

A fine needle on a syringe was introduced through the cyst wall, and air under pressure pushed the syringe barrel outwards.At this point the surgeon and the anaesthetist realised that this pharyngocele had resulted from the inflated cuffof the laryngeal mask used.It was more prominent through the head having been turned to the opposite side.The "diagnostic" puncture of the cuff resulted in a slow deflation, which eventually necessitated the replacement of the mask owing to the development of laryngeal spasm.The surgeon was relieved ofthe need for further investigation of the swelling.
Thrombolytic profiles of clot-targeted plasminogen activators. Parameters determining potency and initial and maximal rates.
Authors: PHolvoet, MDewerchin, J MStassen, H RLijnen, TTollenaere, P JGaffney, DCollen
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDTargeting of plasminogen activators to the thrombus by means of fibrin-specific monoclonal antibodies may enhance their thrombolytic potency. The kinetics of clot binding of two human fibrin-specific monoclonal antibodies (MA-12B3 and MA-15C5) and of clot lysis with their chemical 1:1 stoichiometric complexes with recombinant single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (rscu-PA) (rscu-PA/MA-12B3 and rscu-PA/MA-15C5) were determined in hamsters and rabbits. Thrombolytic potencies, maximal rates of clot lysis, and the duration of the lag phases before clot lysis of the antibody/rscu-PA conjugates were compared with those of rscu-PA and tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA).METHODS AND RESULTSBolus injection of 7.5 micrograms of 125I-labeled antibody in rabbits with an extracorporeal arteriovenous loop containing a 0.3-mL human plasma clot produced clot-to-blood ratios of 6.6 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SEM) for MA-12B3 and 1.1 +/- 0.15 for MA-15C5 (p < 0.001 versus MA-12B3) within 6 hours. Progres...
Heterogeneity of ATP receptors in aortic endothelial cells. Involvement of P2y and P2u receptors in inositol phosphate response.
Authors: SMotte, SPirotton, J MBoeynaems
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Extracellular ATP plays an important role in the regulation of prostacyclin and nitric oxide release from vascular endothelial cells. These cellular responses to ATP are generally attributed to the stimulation of the P2y subtype of P2 purinergic receptors. However, it has recently been suggested that two types of ATP receptors might coexist on endothelial cells. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined the effects of P2y receptor agonists 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-triphosphate (2MeSATP) and 2'- and 3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate (BzATP) and of UTP on the accumulation of inositol phosphates in bovine aortic endothelial cells. BzATP, 2MeSATP, and UTP produced a smaller maximal effect than ATP. The effects of 2MeSATP and UTP were additive, whereas the effects of ATP and either UTP or 2MeSATP were not. Prior exposure to UTP reduced the subsequent response to UTP to 12% of the control response, whereas the response to 2MeSATP was decreased to 61%. Reciprocally, preincubation with 2MeSATP reduc...
Role of myocardial ATP-sensitive potassium channels in mediating preconditioning in the dog heart and their possible interaction with adenosine A1-receptors.
Authors: G JGrover, P GSleph, SDzwonczyk
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDA brief period of myocardial ischemia can result in an increased resistance to subsequent, more severe episodes of ischemia. Recent studies have indicated that activation of adenosine A1-receptors may mediate this preconditioning effect. It is also known that A1-activation can lead to ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) opening via a G(i) protein-mediated effect. Thus, we determined whether the KATP blocker glyburide could abolish preconditioning or the protective effects of A1-receptor activation.METHODS AND RESULTSAnesthetized dogs were subjected to 5 minutes of left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) occlusion (or sham) followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion. The hearts were then subjected to 60 minutes of LCx occlusion and 5 hours of reperfusion. Glyburide (5 micrograms/kg/min) or vehicle was given directly into the LCx 20 minutes before preconditioning or sham preconditioning. Preconditioning resulted in a significantly reduced infarct size compared with nonpreconditioned animals. Glyburide...
New definitions of pre-extensively and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: update from the World Health Organization
Authors: Kerri Viney, Nguyen Nhat Linh, Medea Gegia, Matteo Zignol, Philippe Glaziou, Nazir Ismail, Tereza Kasaeva, Fuad Mirzayev
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2021)

<b>The definition of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis has been updated by the World Health Organization and pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis has been defined</b>https://bit.ly/30Fdffc
Evolution of rhythms during periodic stimulation of embryonic chick heart cell aggregates.
Authors: W ZZeng, LGlass, AShrier
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

During periodic stimulation of spontaneously beating chick heart cell aggregates, there is often an evolution of coupling patterns between the stimulator and the aggregate action potential. For example, at rapid stimulation frequencies, a rhythm that is initially 1:1 (stimulus frequency:aggregate frequency) can evolve to other rhythms such as 5:4 and 4:3. Time-dependent effects generated during periodic stimulation are characterized by three types of experiments to determine 1) the effect of periodic stimulation on the intrinsic cardiac beat rate (overdrive suppression), 2) the effect of periodic stimulation on the phase resetting properties of the aggregate, and 3) the time-dependent changes in the coupling patterns between the stimulator and the aggregate during periodic stimulation. The protocols involved variations in the duration and rate of periodic stimulation. A mathematical model is developed in the form of a two-dimensional finite difference equation based on the data from experiments 1 and 2. T...
Inlet and intrachamber concentration distributions in tracer studies of the canine central circulation and their relation to the isotope dilution residue function.
Authors: F SCastellana, S MSnapinn, S YTam, R BCase
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

We analyzed the isotope dilution residue function from a single cardiac chamber for an arbitrary inlet distribution of tracer and arbitrary mixing within the chamber, and established a general relationship between cardiac output and the chamber residue function. In our experiments, we made simultaneous temperature measurements in three left ventricular chamber subregions of the dog subjected to left and right atrial injections of chilled saline. Flow-proportional tracer labeling always occurred at the left ventricular inlet when injection was into the right atrium. This state almost never obtained, however, with direct left atrial injection, although it was approximated most closely when multiple side hole cathers were used. We also demonstrated that imperfect tracer mixing in the normal ventricle can lead to significant regional temperature inequalities during tracer passage. These inequalities are more pronounced in the ventricle with compromised function, but in both normal and compromised ventricles t...
Thrombolysis in unstable angina. Randomized double-blind trial of t-PA and placebo.
Authors: M RFreeman, ALanger, R FWilson, C DMorgan, P WArmstrong
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDBecause coronary thrombosis is important in the pathogenesis of unstable angina and correlates with in-hospital cardiac events, we hypothesized that thrombolytic therapy would decrease cardiac events.METHODS AND RESULTSWe randomized 70 patients with unstable angina to tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) (0.49 MU/kg for 1 hour followed by 0.07 MU/kg per hour for 9 hours) or placebo. All patients received full doses of intravenous heparin for 96 hours and aspirin (325 mg beginning at 72 hours). The primary end points of the study were in-hospital death, myocardial infarction, and urgent revascularization. Three secondary end points were also evaluated. Myocardial perfusion was assessed with resting planar thallium scintigraphy 90 minutes after initiation of therapy. Silent ischemia was assessed with 48-hour Holter monitoring for ST shift beginning at time of initiation of drug therapy. Coronary angiography was performed at 18 +/- 6 hours and analyzed quantitatively to assess the stenosis resp...
Improved neurologic recovery and survival after early defibrillation.
Authors: W DWeaver, M KCopass, DBufi, RRay, A PHallstrom, L ACobb
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Eighty-seven patients who had out-of-hospital cardiac arrests received defibrillating shocks delivered by minimally trained first responders before the arrival of paramedics in a city with short emergency response times. Their outcomes were compared with those of 370 other victims who received only basic life support by first responders until paramedics arrived. Survival was improved by early defibrillation in cases in which there was a delay in initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation and in which paramedic response times exceeded 9 min; there was 62% survival after early defibrillation by first responders and 27% if first responders provided only basic life support (p less than .02). Neurologic recovery was also improved after early defibrillation. Eighteen of 46 resuscitated patients (39%) receiving early defibrillation were awake at 24 hr compared with 49 of 204 patients (24%) who received only basic life support while awaiting paramedics (p less than .02). Incorporating defibrillation as part of basi...
Antibiotic prophylaxis of experimental endocarditis after dental extractions.
Authors: RMalinverni, C DOverholser, JBille, M PGlauser
Journal: Circulation (1988)

In rats with catheter-induced sterile aortic valve vegetations we studied the efficacy of single-dose amoxicillin and single-dose erythromycin prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis after extractions of periodontally diseased teeth. Endocarditis after extractions occurred in 89% of control animals and was due to group G streptococci, to Staphylococcus aureus, or to both organisms. A single-dose of amoxicillin or erythromycin successfully prevented endocarditis due to these bacterial species. The analysis of the bacteremia (by culturing blood drawn 1 min after extraction on penicillinase-containing blood agar plates) indicated that amoxicillin did not influence the incidence or the magnitude of circulating group G streptococci and S. aureus, while erythromycin apparently suppressed them. However, when care was taken to eliminate blood erythromycin by a lysis-centrifugation process, the incidence and magnitude of bacteremia after erythromycin prophylaxis was similar to that in control rats...
Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. III. Effects of regular swimming activity and its cessation.
Authors: HWolinsky, SGoldfischer, DKatz, RMarkle, LGidez, SWassertheil-Smoller, BColtoff-Schiller
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

It is possible that one of the consequences of regular physical activity could be a change of vascular metabolism. We studied the effects of regular swimming activity on specific activities of aortic hydrolases of male rats. Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase and lysosomal beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 8 or 16 weeks of a 1-hour/day swimming protocol, specific activities of four of the six aortic enzymes studied were increased over control levels, increases ranging from 7 to more than 42%. Acid cholesteryl esterase was one of the enzymes most affected by the exercise, increasing 25-30% above control levels. An 8-week sedentary period, after 8 weeks of a swimming regimen, resulted in return of the activity of acid cholesteryl esterase, but not those of the other hydrolases, to control levels. Decreases in body weight, blood pressure, and serum lipid levels also occurred in the swimming rats. Weight reduct...
Initiation of ventricular extrasystoles by myocardial stretch in chronically dilated and failing canine left ventricle.
Authors: ZWang, L KTaylor, W DDenney, D EHansen
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDStretch-induced arrhythmias (SIAs) can be elicited in normal canine left ventricles by transient diastolic dilatation. Since clinically important ventricular arrhythmias arise most commonly in failing and dilated ventricles, we hypothesized that the arrhythmogenic effect of transient diastolic stretch would be enhanced in chronically dilated failing canine hearts.METHODS AND RESULTSHeart failure was induced in seven dogs by right ventricular pacing at 250 min-1 for 20.2 +/- 1.6 days. Left ventricular (LV) mechanical properties were measured in vivo with serial echocardiograms in these seven dogs with the dogs awake and tranquilized to confirm the development of LV dilation and failure. By the third week of pacing, average short-axis area ejection fraction decreased by 64.3% (P < .001) as end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters increased by 25.9% and 50.7%, respectively (P < .001). After heart failure was established, the hearts were harvested and in vitro data were obtained as an isolated, bloo...
Dobutamine echocardiography for determining the extent of myocardial salvage after reperfusion. An experimental evaluation.
Authors: JSklenar, SIsmail, F SVillanueva, N CGoodman, W PGlasheen, SKaul
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDAlthough dobutamine echocardiography is being increasingly used to determine the presence of viable myocardium in patients who have undergone successful reperfusion therapy, the physiological basis for such a use has not been clearly defined. Because postischemic myocardium has contractile reserve, we hypothesized that the absolute degree of wall thickening induced by dobutamine during reflow would be directly related to the amount of myocardium that has escaped necrosis.METHODS AND RESULTSThree groups of 12 dogs each were studied at baseline and during 2 to 6 hours of coronary artery occlusion and 15 minutes of reperfusion. In group 1 dogs, which did not receive dobutamine during any of these stages, percent wall thickening at these stages was 32 +/- 6%, -2 +/- 6%, and 5 +/- 6%, respectively, and there was no relation between infarct size and percent wall thickening during reflow (r = .20, P = .51). In group 2 dogs, which received 15 micrograms/kg per minute of dobutamine at all stages, wall th...
Comment on Hofer et al. International Comparison of Smoking and Metabolic Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2016;39:e177–e178
Authors: Beverley Balkau, Soraya Soulimane, Dominique Simon, William H. Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

Hofer et al. (1) report on smoking and metabolic control in a large study that combines type 1 diabetes registries from Europe and the U.S., with a total of more than 20,000 patients.

Smokers were found to have higher HbA1c (8.5% vs. 7.9% [70 vs. 62 mmol/mol]); we presume this is in comparison with those who were not current smokers. These HbA1c concentrations were adjusted for …
Myocardial infarct size and ventricular function in rats.
Authors: M APfeffer, J MPfeffer, M CFishbein, P JFletcher, JSpadaro, R AKloner, EBraunwald
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

To define the relationship between infarct size and ventricular performance, we performed hemodynamic studies in rats 21 days after left coronary artery occlusion. Ventricular performance was assessed under ether anesthesia by measurements of baseline hemodynamics and stressed performance as determined by the peak cardiac output and stroke volume obtained during intravenous volume loading and by the peak left ventricular developed pressure obtained during occlusion of the ascending aorta. Infarct size was determined by planimetry of the endocardial circumference of each of four histological slices of the left ventricle. Rats with small (4-30%) myocardial infarctions had no discernible impairment in either baseline hemodynamics or peak indices of pumping and pressure-generating ability when compared to the sham-operated, noninfarcted rats. Rats with moderate (31-46%) infarctions had normal baseline hemodynamics but reduced peak flow indices and developed pressure. Rats with infarctions greater than 46% had...
Myocardial composition and function in diabetes. The effects of chronic insulin use.
Authors: T JRegan, C FWu, C KYeh, H AOldewurtel, BHaider
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

This study was undertaken in an animal model of mild diabetes to determine if provision of chronic insulin replacement during postprandial hyperglycemia may modify the abnormalities of myocardium. Group 1 served as controls with normal glucose tolerance by intravenous testing. Two additional groups were made diabetic with low doses of alloxan. Diabetic animals of Group 2 were untreated (n = 6). Group 3 animals (n = 6) received regular insulin daily to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia. After one year with maintained body weight, the animals were studied in the intact anesthetized state using the indicator dilution technique for left ventricular volume determinations. Basal left ventricular function and contractility were similar to normals in both diabetic groups. During intraventricular infusion of saline, end-diastolic pressure rose to higher levels in untreated diabetes (14.8 +/- 2 mm Hg) than normals (8.8 +/- 0.84), despite similar basal levels. Insulin treatment was associated with higher filling pre...
Metabolic coupling of glutathione between mouse and quail cardiac myocytes and its protective role against oxidative stress.
Authors: T YNakamura, IYamamoto, YKanno, YShiba, KGoshima
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Cultured quail myocytes were much more resistant to H2O2 toxicity than cultured mouse myocytes. The intracellular concentration of glutathione ([GSH]i) and the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) in quail heart cells were about five and three times higher, respectively, than in mouse heart cells, although catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity was similar in both. Preloading of gamma-glutamylcysteine monoethyl ester (gamma-GCE), a membrane-permeating GSH precursor, increased the H2O2 resistance of cultured mouse myocytes. These observations suggest that the high [GSH]i and the high activity of gamma-GCS in quail myocytes are responsible for their high resistance to H2O2. Both H2O2 sensitivity and [GSH]i of mosaic sheets composed of equal amounts of mouse and quail myocytes approximated those of sheets composed entirely of quail myocytes. From these observations, it is hypothesized that GSH was transferred from quail myocytes to mouse myocytes, probably through gap junct...
Differing mechanisms of exercise flow augmentation at the mitral and aortic valves.
Authors: ARassi, M HCrawford, K LRichards, J FMiller
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To determine the mechanisms by which blood flow increases across the mitral and aortic valves during exercise, 18 normal men were studied during graded supine and upright bicycle exercise at matched workloads. Mitral valve orifice and ascending aortic blood velocities were recorded by Doppler echocardiography during steady states at each stage of exercise. Parasternal two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging of the ascending aorta adjacent to the aortic valve orifice and the mitral valve orifice at the tips of the valve leaflets was used to calculate changes in cross-sectional area during exercise. Heart rate increased from rest to exercise from 67 to 150 beats/min (124%) during supine exercise and from 72 to 147 beats/min (104%) during upright exercise. Stroke volume increased 20% during supine and 46% during upright exercise; the increase in stroke volume was statistically significant when rest and exercise were compared and when the magnitude of change was compared vs position (p less than .05). The i...
Cross-sectional echocardiography in assessing the severity of valvular aortic stenosis.
Authors: A EWeyman, HFeigebaum, J CDillon, SChang
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Real-time, cross-sectional echocardiograms were recorded in 28 consecutive adult patients with valvular aortic stenosis using a high resolution, mechanical sector scanner. Using the cross-sectional technique, the aortic valve orifice diameter was recorded in each of the 28 patients. With M-mode echocardiographic examination of these same patients, this value could be estimated in only 21 of these 28 patients (75%). The maximum aortic valve diameter recorded during the cross-sectional study averaged 7.9 +/- 1.8 mm (range 4-11 mm) in 15 patients with severe aortic stenosis; 11.6 +/- 2.3 mm (range 9-15 mm) in five patients with moderate aortic stenosis; 16.9 +/- 2.0 mm (range 14-20 mm) in eight patients with mild aortic stenosis; and 20.5 +/- 2.8 mm (range 15-26 mm) in 25 patients with no evidence of aortic valve disease. Comparing the means of these groups yielded the following: severe vs moderate P less than 0.005; moderate vs mild P less than 0.001; and mild vs normal P less than 0.001. Although there was...
Association Between Maternal Fluoride Exposure and Child IQ
Authors: Charles V. Howard, Henry S. Micklem, Chris Neurath
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Relation between left ventricular oxygen consumption and pressure-volume area in conscious dogs.
Authors: TNozawa, C PCheng, TNoda, W CLittle
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDThe relation between left ventricular (LV) oxygen consumption (MVO2) and pressure-volume area (PVA) developed in isolated hearts provides a powerful method to understand cardiac energetics. We investigated application of this relation to the intact circulation, determining its response to steady-state and transient load alterations and enhanced contractility in conscious animals.METHODS AND RESULTSEight dogs were instrumented to measure LV pressure (micromanometer), LV volume (three sonomicrometers), and left circumflex and anterior descending coronary artery flows (ultrasonic flowmeter). Data were acquired after recovery from the surgery with the animals awake and unsedated. After administration of hexamethonium and atropine, steady-state loading conditions were changed with phenylephrine or nitroprusside in four to five steps before and during the infusion of dobutamine (6 to 10 micrograms.-1kg.-1min). MVO2 and PVA obtained under steady-state conditions were linearly correlated both before and...
153P Real-world study of NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertions
Authors: P. Christopoulos, C. Grohé, F. Griesinger, R.F. Falkenstern-Ge, J. Krisam, L. Brückner, M. Wermke, D. Misch, B. Hackanson, M. Faehling, A. Tufman, M. Janning, C. Schulz, M. Reck, J-L. Hong, H.M. Lin, A. Stenzinger, M. Thomas
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)