tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in Incidence and Epidemiological Characteristics of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Mainland China, 2005-2016
Authors: Hui Jiang, Mengyang Liu, Yingjie Zhang, Jinfeng Yin, Zhiwei Li, Chendi Zhu, Qihuan Li, Xiangyu Luo, Tingting Ji, Junjie Zhang, Yang Yang, Xiaonan Wang, Yanxia Luo, Lixin Tao, Feng Zhang, Xiangtong Liu, Weimin Li, Xiuhua Guo
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> The World Health Organization End TB (Tuberculosis) Strategy aims to decrease the global incidence and mortality of TB by 90% and 95%, respectively, as of 2035. <h3>Objective</h3> To characterize the recent epidemiological trend of pulmonary TB (PTB) in mainland China based on the national surveillance data. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This cross-sectional study collected demographic and clinical data of all patients reported in the national Tuberculosis Information Management System of China from January 1, 2005, to November 21, 2016. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2019, to July 31, 2020. <h3>Exposures</h3> Pulmonary TB was defined as bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed TB in the lung parenchyma or the tracheobronchial tree. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Temporal and spatial variation of annual incidence and demographic features of PTB in mainland China. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 10 582 903 patients with PTB were reported in mainland China from 2005 to 2016. The median age of patients with PTB was 46 (interquartile range [IQR], 30-61) years, and 28.53% were 60 years or older. Most patients with PTB were male (69.8%) and farmers or herders (70.0%). The mean (SD) incidence of PTB was 66.61 (8.09) per 100 000 population. The annual incidence decreased from 72.95 per 100 000 population in 2005 to 52.18 per 100 000 population in 2016, and the reduction was greater in the eastern and central regions (31.6%; from 69.43 to 47.48 per 100 000 population) than in the western region (21.0%; from 82.06 to 64.82 per 100 000 population). Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (135.03 per 100 000 population), Guizhou Province (115.98 per 100 000 population), and the Tibet Autonomous Region (101.98 per 100 000 population) had the highest mean annual incidences. The median time from onset of illness to diagnosis decreased from 36 (IQR, 16-92) days from 2005 to 2007 to 31 (IQR, 15-63) days in 2008 and later (<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and was longer in the western region than in the eastern and central regions (41 [IQR, 20-91] vs 30 [IQR, 13-61] days;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Although this study found that the incidence of PTB in mainland China showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2016, to achieve the World Health Organization 2035 goal, innovative and more efficient prevention and control strategies are needed, particularly among the most susceptible population, that is, farmers and herders in western China.
Is 'silent' myocardial ischemia really as severe as symptomatic ischemia? The analytical effect of patient selection biases.
Authors: JKlein, S YChao, D SBerman, ARozanski
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDThe clinical significance of exercise-induced chest pain remains controversial, as reflected by sharply discordant clinical results within the medical literature. Thus, we developed a prospective study to compare the functional significance of silent versus symptomatic ischemia and to evaluate whether patient selection biases influence this analysis.METHODS AND RESULTSWe evaluated 117 patients (mean age, 63 +/- 9 years) with ischemic ST-segment depression during treadmill testing. Each patient underwent Tl-201 myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after exercise followed by 24-ambulatory ECG monitoring. Patients were divided into silent versus symptomatic cohorts and were compared for the degree of hemodynamic, exercise and ambulatory ECG, and thallium abnormalities during stress testing. Analyses were repeated as the patient population became increasingly restricted. Compared with the silent patients, patients with chest pain during exercise had a shorter exerc...
Endoscopic Retrieval of Proximally Migrated Pancreatic Stents: Experience in a University Hospital
Authors: V Ubieto, D Martinez de Acitores, L Zabalza, J Carrascosa, Urien I Fernandez, V Jusue, F Estremera, Vila JJ
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Methods A retrospective analysis of a prospectivelly filled database from 2009 to 2019 including all the ERCP procedures performed in our hospital was made. Patients who underwent an ERCP for PMPS removal were identified. Analysed variables: demographic data, initial pancreatic pathology, PMPS types, reasons for stent migration, time from migration to retrieval, location of the migrated stent, techniques of stent removal and adverse effects. The characteristics of patients and stents, and outcomes are described.
Warfarin versus dipyridamole-aspirin and pentoxifylline-aspirin for the prevention of prosthetic heart valve thromboembolism: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
Authors: C KMok, JBoey, RWang, T KChan, K LCheung, P KLee, JChow, R PNg, T FTse
Journal: Circulation (1985)

In a prospective, randomized, parallel study, two regimens of platelet-suppressant therapy (PST)--dipyridamole-aspirin and pentoxifylline-aspirin--were compared with standard oral anticoagulation with warfarin in the prevention of prosthetic heart valve thromboembolism. In the entire group of 254 patients followed for 395.6 patient-years, the thromboembolic rate was significantly less in the warfarin group (warfarin vs dipyridamole-aspirin, p less than .005; warfarin vs pentoxifylline-aspirin, p less than .05). Subgroup analysis disclosed that, in patients with isolated mitral valve replacement, warfarin was superior to both of the PSTs with respect to the prevention of thromboembolism (warfarin vs dipyridamole-aspirin, p = .005; warfarin vs pentoxifylline-aspirin, p less than .05). Furthermore, a significant number of our patients could not tolerate the antiplatelet agents. However, in the rare situation in which repeated significant bleeding occurs despite careful adjustment of the dosage of warfarin, P...
Effect of acetylcholine on the norepinephrine-induced positive chronotropy and increase in cyclic nucleotides of isolated rabbit sinoatrial node.
Authors: TTaniguchi, MFujiwara, J JLee, HHidaka
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

Transmural stimulation of, or application of nicotine to, the isolated rabbit sinoatrial (SA) node resulted in initial negative and late positive chronotropy. Simultaneous application of acetylcholine and norepinephrine produced a similar biphasic chronotropic effect. These procedures produced an initial increase in cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and a delayed elevation in cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). The initial and late effects on rate and nucleotide levels were inhibited by pretreatment with atropine and propranolol, respectively. Pretreatment with atropine shortened the time of maximum increase in cyclic AMP level and heart rate from 3 to 1 minute after the simultaneous application of acetylcholine and norepinephrine and enhanced the positive chronotropic effect. Physostigmine prolonged the duration of the increase in cyclic GMP and negative chronotropic effect after the simultaneous application. These results suggest that when acetylocholine and norepinephrine...
In vitro and in vivo antibacterial performance of Zr &amp; O PIII magnesium alloys with high concentration of oxygen vacancies
Authors: Tao Liang, Lilan Zeng, Yunzhu Shi, Haobo Pan, Paul K. Chu, Kelvin W.K. Yeung, Ying Zhao
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

The effects of dual Zr and O plasma immersion ion implantation (Zr & O PIII) on antibacterial properties of ZK60 Mg alloys are systematically investigated. The results show that a hydrophobic, smooth, and ZrO2-containing graded film is formed. Electrochemical assessment shows that the corrosion rate of the plasma-treated Mg alloy decreases and the decreased degradation rate is attributed to the protection rendered by the surface oxide. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial tests reveal Zr & O PIII ZK60 presents higher antibacterial rate compared to Zr PIII ZK60 and untreated control. The hydrophobic and smooth surface suppresses bacterial adhesion. High concentration of oxygen vacancies in the surface films are determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–vis DRS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The higher level of ROS expression inhibits biofilm formation by down-regulating the expression of icaADBC genes but up-regulating the expression of icaR gene. In addition, Zr & O PIII improves cell viability and initial cell adhesion confirming good cytocompatibility. Dual Zr & O PIII is a simple and practical means to expedite clinical acceptance of biodegradable magnesium alloys.
COVID-19 and ethnicity: has history repeated itself?
Authors: Annastazia E Learoyd, Abdel Douiri, Nicholas Hart
Journal: Thorax (2021)

In the year since its discovery, the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 has spread across the world and ignited, in a short pace of time, an entire area of research into its origins, symptoms and outcomes of the resultant disease (COVID-19), possible treatments and contributing risk factors. The speed at which this field has grown has enabled us to more proactively treat individuals with COVID-19 and has brought us to the precipice of mass vaccination against this virus. But, despite being a new field of study led by 21st century scientists, research into COVID-19 has fallen into the same pitfall present in older, more established areas of research—namely, the unconscious biases associated with ethnicity.

In the spring of 2020, the first evidence from the UK was published showing that COVID-19 has a greater impact on black and minority ethnic (BME) populations than white population. Amid calls for further investigation, more and more studies have included ethnicity as a possible predictor for COVID-related outcomes.1 While these studies have demonstrated the greater impact of COVID-19 on these communities, they have re-established, again, the innate biases present within both human society and scientific research. The inclusion of ethnicity as a predictive factor for COVID-19 infection or mortality contains the flawed logic that people of different ethnicities are biological distinct,2 with different genetic factors that may predispose or protect them from a disease such as COVID-19. This concept is not a new one, originating first in 1795 with the description of five different races by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach. Even in this first instant, the described races were not described as genetically distinct but equal …
Critical closure in the canine pulmonary vasculature.
Authors: RGraham, CSkoog, LOppenheimer, JRabson, H SGoldberg
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

The vascular pressure-flow (P-Q) relationships in zone II (West et al.) were studied in isolated canine left lower lobes, in order to characterize the total resistance in the pulmonary vascular bed with respect to incremental or flow resistance and critical closure. At each of five levels of static lung inflation, the P-Q relationship was curvilinear at low flow and rectilinear at higher flows. The slope of the linear portion was not significantly different at alveolar pressures (PA) = 5, 7, or 9 cm H2O, but decreased significantly at PA = 11 and 15 cm H2O ((P less than 0.05), indicating an increase in flow resistance. The pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) fell to the same value at zero flow regardless of inflation level [10.1 +/- 1.0 (SD) cm H2O at PA = 5 cm H2O to 10.9 +/- 2.7 (SD) at PA = 15 cm H2O]. The Ppa intercept (Ppai), extrapolated from the linear portion of the P-Q curve and representing the average closing pressure for the vascular bed, increased from 16.0 +/- 1.8 (SD) cm H2O at PA = 5.0 to 26.5...
Angiotensin II receptor antagonist TCV-116 induces regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy in vivo and inhibits the intracellular signaling pathway of stretch-mediated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro.
Authors: MKojima, IShiojima, TYamazaki, IKomuro, ZZou, YWang, TMizuno, KUeki, KTobe, TKadowaki
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies have demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) acts as a growth-promoting factor directly on cardiac myocytes and that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induces regression of hypertrophied hearts both in experimental animals and in humans. These results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the formation of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). To elucidate the role of RAS in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy, we evaluated the effect of an Ang II receptor antagonist on LVH in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and investigated the molecular mechanisms by which antagonizing Ang II receptors reduces cell hypertrophy of myocytes using the in vitro model of mechanical stretch.METHODS AND RESULTSIn the in vivo study, we treated SHRs with the nonpeptide Ang II receptor antagonist TCV-116 (0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg per day) or hydralazine (10 mg/kg per day). Blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method, and wall thickness of left ventricle was ser...
Correlation between [5-3H]glucose and [U-14C]deoxyglucose as markers of glycolysis in reperfused myocardium.
Authors: A JLiedtke, BRenstrom, S HNellis
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Studies were conducted in extracorporeally perfused, intact, working pig hearts to determine whether, in heart muscle, trace-labeled deoxyglucose serves as an accurate marker of glycolytic flux in reperfusion after exposures to mild to moderate regional ischemia. In the main study, two groups of hearts were compared, as distinguished by levels of glucose in the whole-blood perfusate (euglycemic hearts [group I], blood glucose of 7.4 +/- 0.2 mumol/ml, n = 7; hyperglycemic hearts [group II], blood glucose of 12.9 +/- 0.5 mumol/ml, n = 8). Both groups were subjected to a 60% reduction in anterior descending coronary flow for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 40 minutes. Modest and comparable regional mechanical stunning during reflow was noted in both groups. Glucose utilization, as estimated from the release of 3H2O from the steady-state infusion of [5-3H]glucose during aerobic perfusion, was modest but during reperfusion was noted to increase significantly above aerobic values in each of the two group...
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: N.A. Mark Estes, Samir Saba
Journal: Circulation (2021)

P2][3] On the basis of multiple prospective randomized trials, current guidelines for primary prevention of SCD with ICD implantation in patients with NICM rely solely on LVEF and functional status. 2,3The limitations of these risk stratification criteria for primary prevention ICDs are widely acknowledged. 4A substantial number of patients with NICM with LVEF >35% are at risk for SCD who do not qualify for an ICD according to current guidelines. 4Most patients who qualify for and receive an ICD will never receive a necessary and appropriate shock. 4Because LVEF and functional status lack specificity and sensitivity for identifying patients with NICM at risk for SCD, multiple alternate techniques of risk stratification have been evaluated. 4][7][8][9][10] Pathophysiologic observations indicate that myocardial scar promotes ventricular arrhythmia via heterogeneous conduction and electric reentry in patients with NICM.In an analysis of SCD in 29 observational studies with 2948 patients with NICM, late gadolinium enhancement on CMR identified patients with NICM at risk for SCD. 5 A recent evaluation of 1673 patients undergoing CMR included those with NICM if the LVEF was ≤50%.Almost 40% of those enrolled had LVEF >35%. 10 The 5-year cumulative incidence of the composite end point of SCD or appropriate ICD shock was 12% in those with and 5% in those without late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). 10Selected patterns of LGE such as patchy midwall striae or subepicardial or subendocardial involvement were associated with an increased risk of the primary end point. 10Across a wide spectrum of LVEF in patients with NICM, LGE was strongly and independently associated with ventricular arrhythmia.Despite these and other studies providing evidence that myocardial scar on CMR can be a powerful marker for arrhythmic and other heart failure outcomes, left ventricular dysfunction remains the basis for determining a patient's eligibility for primary prevention ICD implantation. 2n this issue of Circulation, 2 original research articles extend previous observations on the role of LGE in risk stratification for SCD in patients with NICM. 11,12 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Nonischemic CardiomyopathyPrediction Without Prevention of Sudden Death
Left stellectomy in the prevention of ventricular fibrillation caused by acute myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs with anterior myocardial infarction.
Authors: P JSchwartz, H LStone
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The potential of left stellectomy in reducing the incidence of ventricular fibrillation associated with acute myocardial ischemia was investigated in a new animal model for sudden death. Thirty-two dogs had an anterior myocardial infarction produced by ligation of the left descending coronary artery. One week later they were randomly allocated to a control or to an experimental group that underwent left stellectomy. One month after ligation while the dogs were conscious, a balloon occluder previously positioned around the circumflex coronary artery was inflated and the ensuing coronary occlusion was maintained for 10 minutes. Ventricular fibrillation occurred in 11 of 17 (65%) control dogs, compared with five of 15 (33%) (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. Among the survivors the incidence of arrhythmias was less in the experimental group compared with the control group. Infarct size (21 +/- 2% vs 20 +/- 2%), resting heart rate (143 beats/min vs 127 beats/min) and QTc (347 +/- 11 msec vs 349 +/- 13 msec...
Systolic left ventricular function after reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Analysis of determinants of improvement. The TAMI Study Group.
Authors: J KHarrison, R MCaliff, L HWoodlief, DKereiakes, B SGeorge, R SStack, S GEllis, K LLee, WO'Neill, E JTopol
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDContrast ventriculograms of 542 patients treated with intravenous thrombolytic agents for acute myocardial infarction were examined to define changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion that occur during the first week after reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction and define clinical, acute angiographic and treatment variables related to improvement in global and regional left ventricular function.METHODS AND RESULTSIntravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator and/or urokinase was administered to 805 patients during acute myocardial infarction. Mean time from symptom onset to thrombolytic therapy was 3 hours (22 patients received therapy within the first hour). Acute and 7-day catheterization were performed. Paired left ventricular ejection fraction and centerline regional wall motion were available in 542 patients (67%). Stepwise, multivariable analysis of clinical, acute angiographic and treatment variables was used to develop two models: One related to ...
Direct endocardial recording from an accessory atrioventricular pathway: localization of the site of block, effect of antiarrhythmic drugs, and attempt at nonsurgical ablation.
Authors: W MJackman, K JFriday, B JScherlag, M MDehning, ESchechter, D WReynolds, E GOlson, E JBerbari, L AHarrison, RLazzara
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We recorded a discrete 0.95 mV potential consistent with accessory atrioventricular pathway (AP) activation during serial electrophysiologic studies in a patient with Ebstein's anomaly and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Bipolar pacing from the catheter electrode in which the AP potential was recorded resulted in a stimulus-ventricle interval identical to the AP-ventricle interval during antegrade conduction, and a stimulus-atrium interval identical to the AP-atrium interval during retrograde conduction. With the patient in the drug-free state, antegrade AP block during atrial pacing and retrograde AP block during ventricular pacing occurred distal to the AP potential (AP-ventricle junction and AP-atrium junction, respectively), supporting the impedance mismatch hypothesis. Procainamide and disopyramide each lengthened the antegrade AP effective refractory period by affecting the AP-ventricle junction (possibly by decreasing the current generated by the AP). Both drugs also lengthened the retrograde AP ...
In vivo observation of subendocardial microvessels of the beating porcine heart using a needle-probe videomicroscope with a CCD camera.
Authors: TYada, OHiramatsu, AKimura, MGoto, YOgasawara, KTsujioka, SYamamori, KOhno, HHosaka, FKajiya
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

We developed a portable needle-probe videomicroscope with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to visualize the subendocardial microcirculation. In 12 open-chest anesthetized pigs, the sheathed needle probe with a doughnut-shaped balloon and a microtube for flushing away the intervening blood was introduced into the left ventricle through an incision in the left atrial appendage via the mitral valve. Images of the subendocardial microcirculation of the beating heart magnified by 200 or 400 on a 15-in. monitor were obtained. The phasic diameter change in subendocardial arterioles during cardiac cycle was from 114 +/- 46 microns (mean +/- SD) in end diastole to 84 +/- 26 microns in end systole (p < 0.001, n = 13, ratio of change = 24%) and that in venules from 134 +/- 60 microns to 109 +/- 45 microns (p < 0.001, n = 15, ratio of change = 17%). In contrast, the diameter of subepicardial arterioles was almost unchanged (2% decrease, n = 5, p < 0.01), and the venular diameter increased by 19% (n = 8, p < 0.001...
エドキサバンは全膝関節形成術後の理学療法による血栓予防を促進する-無作為化対照ESCORT-TKA試験
Authors: Sueta Daisuke, Kaikita Koichi, Okamoto Nobukazu, Yamabe Soichiro, Ishii Masanobu, Arima Yuichiro, Ito Miwa, Oimatsu Yu, Mitsuse Tatsuro, Iwashita Satomi, Nakamura Eiichi, Hokimoto Seiji, Mizuta Hiroshi, Ogawa Hisao, Tsujita Kenichi
Journal: Circulation (2018)
Effects of asymptomatic ischemia on long-term prognosis in chronic stable coronary disease.
Authors: A CYeung, JBarry, JOrav, EBonassin, K ERaby, A PSelwyn
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUNDIschemia on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring has been shown to adversely affect short-term prognoses in patients with unstable angina, after myocardial infarction, and with chronic stable angina.METHODS AND RESULTSIn this long-term study, we followed 138 patients (mean age, 59 +/- 9 years) with chronic stable angina and positive exercise tests for cardiac events (e.g. death, myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery). In 105 patients, ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring was performed after all antianginal medication was withheld for 48 hours. In 26 patients, the diagnostic tests were repeated while on their usual medication. In addition to the 105 patients, 33 patients had their monitoring performed only while on their usual medication. During 37 +/- 17 months of follow-up, there were nine deaths, nine myocardial infarctions, and 35 revascularization procedures. In patients monitored off medication, Cox surviva...