tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How to Prevent Chloroform Accidents
Authors: C. Kidd
Journal: BMJ (1862)

IT is important to know that, during the interval be- tween 1858 and 1862, nearly all the positions taken by mne have been corroborated after this very full discussion, not only in Paris, in Germany, in Edinburgh, but in America and Australia.The studv of the natural action of chloroform or ether, as observable in hospitals, or at the bedside in private practice, can scarcely lead astray.,Coroners, or gifted instruiment-makers, may persuade uts that this, that, or the other form of inhaler, at xo much each (discount off for ready money), may re- form the entire study of chloroform administration, and without such infallible means, deaths must increase; I always use an inhaler myself-a very simple one; but in some departments of practice-midwifery, for instance, wvhere chloroform has proved to be most safe of all- the latest details of cases and statistics (those from America, 1862) prove incontestibly the safety of a simple landkerchief.This is stated to show that we must look in some other direction for the cause of accidents, as they are, unfortunately, just as frequent with inhalers as witlhout.In. this memoir, read by the leading obste- tric professor in America to the Academy of Medicine at New York, the superiority, and possibly the safety of chloroform, as compared to ether, was admitted, even in general practice.The true value of ether, I now believe,
Midwife
Authors: Liana Meffert
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tuberculosis among immigrants related to length of residence in England and Wales. Report from the British Thoracic and Tuberculosis Association.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Between 1965 and 1971 the notifications of tuberculosis among lifetime residents of the British Isles declined, but among those born in India, Pakistan, and new Commonwealth countries in Africa tuberculosis notifications increased appreciably. Furthermore, the long-held suspicion that among these immigrants the most recent arrivals in England and Wales have higher rates of tuberculosis than those who have lived here longer was confirmed.
Initial experience with intravascular sonotherapy for prevention of in-stent restenosis; safety and feasibility Attila Thury, George Sianos, Ken Kozuma, Arie M. H. Knook, Alexander J. Wardeh, Evelyn Regar, Stephane G. Carlier, Willem J. van der Giessen, David P. Foley, Patrick W. Serruys. Thoraxcenter, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Development of small molecule extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) inhibitors for cancer therapy
Authors: Xiaoli Pan, Junping Pei, Aoxue Wang, Wen Shuai, Lu Feng, Faqian Bu, Yumeng Zhu, Lan Zhang, Guan Wang, Liang Ouyang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2022)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway is widely activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli, and its dysregulation is associated with the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. ERK1/2 is located at the distal end of this pathway and rarely undergoes mutations, making it an attractive target for anticancer drug development. Currently, an increasing number of ERK1/2 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized for antitumor therapy, among which representative compounds have entered clinical trials. When ERK1/2 signal transduction is eliminated, ERK5 may provide a bypass route to rescue proliferation, and weaken the potency of ERK1/2 inhibitors. Therefore, drug research targeting ERK5 or based on the compensatory mechanism of ERK5 for ERK1/2 opens up a new way for oncotherapy. This review provides an overview of the physiological and biological functions of ERKs, focuses on the structure-activity relationships of small molecule inhibitors targeting ERKs, with a view to providing guidance for future drug design and optimization, and discusses the potential therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance.
Rapid point of care NGS in colorectal cancer.
Authors: William Raskin, Parneet Cheema, Kirstin Perdrizet, Marco Iafolla, Shaan Dudani, Brandon Sheffield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2022)

172 Background: Next generation sequencing (NGS) is the laboratory cornerstone of precision oncology treatment. In advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), current guidelines recommend testing RAS, BRAF and MMR biomarkers as standard of care. The added value of comprehensive genomic profiling is so far unclear. Traditional NGS operations are complicated, requiring specialized equipment and personnel. In many jurisdictions, cancer patients are treated in publicly-funded community hospitals, where NGS is not typically utilized and access to testing via send-out services is associated with lengthy turnaround times. Here, we have validated and implemented one of the world's first "point of care" NGS services. Our early experience on NGS implementation and impact in CRC patients is described. Methods: All NGS studies were performed using the Oncomine Precision Assay (OPA) on the genexus integrated sequencer. NGS was performed at the request of the treating physician. All NGS was performed in a local community pathology lab by histotechnologists, simultaneously responsible for IHC testing (such as MMR) and interpreted by anatomic pathologists in conjunction with routine diagnostic pathology services. Retrospective chart review was performed for all patients undergoing sequencing studies and key data, including turnaround time and NGS findings were extracted from the electronic medical record for analysis. Results: A total of 51 cases with CRC were tested using point of care NGS from November 2020-August 2021, initiated by treating physicians. The median turnaround time for results was 3 days. Oncogenic driver events were identified in 46 (90%) cases, including canonical mutations in KRAS, NRAS and BRAF (Table). Actionable mutations were identified in 13 (25%) samples that would not have been identified with single-gene testing. Conclusions: Here, we show that comprehensive NGS can reveal occult resistance mechanisms to standard therapy and identify actionable biomarkers in a substantial proportion of patients with CRC. NGS added valuable information compared to guideline-recommended testing standards. Our study demonstrates that local testing can have rapid turnaround times. To our knowledge, this is the first report of “point of care” NGS in CRC. Further follow up is needed to explore the utility of these expanded roles for NGS testing. [Table: see text]
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Sleep Apnea
Authors: D. Ingbar
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1985)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Serological testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in clinical practice: A comparative diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Michael P. Horn, Hulda R. Jonsdottir, Daniel Brigger, Lauro Damonti, Franziska Suter‐Riniker, Olga Endrich, Tanja K. Froehlich, Martin Fiedler, Carlo R. Largiadèr, Jonas Marschall, Benjamin Weber, Alexander Eggel, Michael Nagler
Journal: Allergy (2022)

Serological tests are a powerful tool in the monitoring of infectious diseases and the detection of host immunity. However, manufacturers often provide diagnostic accuracy data generated through biased studies, and the performance in clinical practice is essentially unclear.We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of various serological testing strategies for (a) identification of patients with previous coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and (b) prediction of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in real-life clinical settings.We prospectively included 2573 consecutive health-care workers and 1085 inpatients with suspected or possible previous COVID-19 at a Swiss University Hospital. Various serological immunoassays based on different analytical techniques (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, ELISA; chemiluminescence immunoassay, CLIA; electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, ECLIA; and lateral flow immunoassay, LFI), epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 (nucleocapsid, N; receptor-binding domain, RBD; extended RBD, RBD+; S1 or S2 domain of the spike [S] protein, S1/S2), and antibody subtypes (IgG, pan-Ig) were conducted. A positive real-time PCR test from a nasopharyngeal swab was defined as previous COVID-19. Neutralization assays with live SARS-CoV-2 were performed in a subgroup of patients to assess neutralization activity (n = 201).The sensitivity to detect patients with previous COVID-19 was ≥85% in anti-N ECLIA (86.8%) and anti-S1 ELISA (86.2%). Sensitivity was 84.7% in anti-S1/S2 CLIA, 84.0% in anti-RBD+LFI, 81.0% in anti-N CLIA, 79.2% in anti-RBD ELISA, and 65.6% in anti-N ELISA. The specificity was 98.4% in anti-N ECLIA, 98.3% in anti-N CLIA, 98.2% in anti-S1 ELISA, 97.7% in anti-N ELISA, 97.6% in anti-S1/S2 CLIA, 97.2% in anti-RBD ELISA, and 96.1% in anti-RBD+LFI. The sensitivity to detect neutralizing antibodies was ≥85% in anti-S1 ELISA (92.7%), anti-N ECLIA (91.7%), anti-S1/S2 CLIA (90.3%), anti-RBD+LFI (87.9%), and anti-RBD ELISA (85.8%). Sensitivity was 84.1% in anti-N CLIA and 66.2% in anti-N ELISA. The specificity was ≥97% in anti-N CLIA (100%), anti-S1/S2 CLIA (97.7%), and anti-RBD+LFI (97.9%). Specificity was 95.9% in anti-RBD ELISA, 93.0% in anti-N ECLIA, 92% in anti-S1 ELISA, and 65.3% in anti-N ELISA. Diagnostic accuracy measures were consistent among subgroups.The diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies varied remarkably in clinical practice, and the sensitivity to identify patients with previous COVID-19 deviated substantially from the manufacturer's specifications. The data presented here should be considered when using such tests to estimate the infection burden within a specific population and determine the likelihood of protection against re-infection.
AMAGRAMS
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Missing Funding/Support
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

William Galanter, MD, PhD; Tewodros Eguale, MD, PhD; Walid Gellad, MD; Bruce Lambert, PhD; Maria Mirica, PhD; John Cashy, PhD; Alejandra Salazar, PharmD; Lynn A. Volk, MPH; Suzanne Falck, MD; John Shilka, PharmD; Elizabeth Van Dril, PharmD; Jennie Jarrett, PharmD; John Zulueta, MD; Julie Fiskio, BS; John Orav, PhD; Diana Norwich, BS; Samuel Bennett, BS; Diane Seger, PharmD; Adam Wright, PhD; Jeffrey A. Linder, MD; Gordon Schiff, MD
Food insecurity will be the sting in the tail of COVID-19
Authors: None The Lancet Global Health
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2020)

On April 29, UNICEF published a discussion paper comparing the probable downstream effects of COVID-19 in developed and developing countries. High-income and upper-middle-income countries have borne the brunt of deaths associated with COVID-19 so far, and they are now seeing diminishing mortality rates. Countries across the world are easing lockdown restrictions. But, as this UNICEF paper outlines, for populations least affected by the disease itself, but for whom food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition are already prevalent and critical problems, the worst might be yet to come.
Reply to Joep J. de Jong and Ewan A. Gibb’s Letter to the Editor re: Gottfrid Sjödahl, Johan Abrahamsson, Karin Holmsten, et al. Different Responses to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Urothelial Carcinoma Molecular Subtypes. Eur Urol. 2022;81:316–7. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Differences in Intrinsic Biology or Subtyping Nomenclature?
Authors: Gottfrid Sjödahl, Johan Abrahamsson, Karin Holmsten, Carina Bernardo, Pontus Eriksson, Petter Kollberg, Nour-al-Dain Marzouka, Mattias Höglund, Anders Ullén, Fredrik Liedberg
Journal: European Urology (2022)
Errata
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

The authors of the above-listed article would like to make the following changes:On page 542, in the RESULTS section of the abstract, the units for C-reactive protein (CRP) should be mg/l instead of ng/l.On page 546, second column, 15 lines from the bottom, the HDL increase should be given as 11% instead of 9%.The correct sentence is as follows: "Changes in the lipid levels were more favorable in the troglitazone group: triglyceride levels decreased by 21% and HDL increased by 11%."
The influence of an MCP-1 polymorphism on serum MCP-1 levels in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention Michael F. Deucher, Brad Rovin, Gregory M. Eaton, Pascal Goldschmidt-Clermont, Yiwen Liu-Stratton, Glen Cooke. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
A Synopsis of the Medical Botany of the United States.
Journal: JAMA (1888)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reporting Provocative Results
Authors: James L. Mills
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IN APRIL 1981,<i>JAMA</i>published an article reporting an association between spermicide use around conception and congenital disorders.<sup>1</sup>The authors were careful to note that "the results should be considered tentative until confirmed by other data." Nevertheless, their findings were taken up by the media and lawyers and treated as if they were established facts. Pregnant women who had used spermicides around conception became alarmed, and spermicide manufacturers were sued by former users who had had malformed infants. Some journals publish exciting positive findings but are loathe to publish subsequent negative investigations that contradict them.<i>JAMA</i>, to its credit, published an editorial the following year explaining why the association should be considered tentative or preliminary,<sup>2</sup>along with several studies<sup>3,4</sup>that did not find any association between spermicides and birth defects. Subsequently, a number of negative studies appeared in other journals,<sup>5</sup>and Food and Drug Administration hearings
AIDS transmission: what about the hepatitis B vaccine?
Authors: C. Macek
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In An the Nov 13, 1981, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, MEDICAL NEWS ran a story on the as yet unapproved hepatitis B vaccine that carried the headline, "Looks Like Smooth Sailing for Experimental Hepatitis B Vaccine." Now the waters have gotten a little choppy. Although almost a million doses of the vaccine have been distributed since Food and Drug Administration approval was given last July, a number of health care workers has chosen not to be vaccinated. The reason: Some of the plasma used to produce the vaccine is harvested from hepatitis B-positive male homosexuals, and male homosexuals are still the primary victims of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The plasma, therefore, may contain some as-yet-unidentified causative agent of AIDS, and that agent may not be destroyed during the preparation of the vaccine. Some investigators, however, strongly refute this view. And Arlene McLean, MD, from Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme in West Point,
THE MNEMIC THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT.
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 70: Protein Phosphatase 1 Contributes to Atrial Stunning in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Srikanth Perike, Xander Wehrens, Dawood Darbar, Mark McCauley
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, and increases a patient’s stroke risk five-fold. Reduced atrial contractility (stunning) is observed in AF and contributes to stroke risk; however, the mechanisms responsible for atrial stunning in AF are unknown. Recent data from our laboratory indicate that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) dephosphorylation of myosin light chain 2a (MLC2a) may contribute to atrial stunning in AF. Objective: To determine how the PP1 regulatory subunit 12C (PPP1R12C) and catalytic (PPP1c) subunits modify atrial sarcomere phosphorylation in AF. Methods: We evaluated the protein expression, binding and phosphorylation among PPP1R12C, PPP1c, and MLC2a in transfected HL-1 cells, murine atrial tissue (Pitx2null +/– mice, with a genetic predisposition AF), and in HEK cells. An inhibitor of PPP1R12C phosphorylation, BDP5290, was used to enhance the PPP1R12C-PPP1C interaction. Results: In Pitx2 null +/– mice, PPP1R12C was increased by 2-fold ( P &lt;0.01) and associated with a 40% reduction in S-19-MLC2a phosphorylation versus WT mice ( P &lt;0.058). BDP5290 increased PPP1R12C-PPP1C binding by &gt;3-fold in HL-1 cells ( P &lt;0.01). BDP5290 reduced MLC2a phosphorylation by 40% through an enhanced interaction with PPP1R12C by &gt;3-fold in HEK cells ( P &lt;0.01). Conclusion: In Pitx2 null+/- mice, increased expression of PPP1R12C is associated with PP1 holoenzyme targeting to sarcomeric MLC2a, and is associated with reduced S19-MLC2a phosphorylation. Additionally, BDP5290 enhances the PPP1R12C-PPP1C interaction and models PP1 activity in AF. Future studies will examine the effects of both AF and BDP5290 upon atrial contractility in vitro.