tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of paroxetine on depression and insomnia in 547 fatigued cancer patients undergoing 9501 chemotherapy
Authors: O. Palesh, K. M. Mustian, J. A. Roscoe, G. R. Morrow, M. L. Perlis, C. E. Heckler, J. R. Volk, J. N. Atkins, R. Khanna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

9501 Background: Little is known about insomnia in cancer patients during chemotherapy. Insomnia and depression frequently co- occur suggesting a common etiology that leads healthcare professionals to treat depression and expect insomnia will improve with reductions in depression. Methods: The purpose of this study is to compare the impact of paroxetine to placebo on insomnia symptoms via secondary analysis of a RCT designed to compare the effects of medication on depression and fatigue in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Patients were asked about insomnia via the Hamilton Depression Inventory. 547 Patients were randomized at Cycle 2 of chemotherapy to receive either 20mg of paroxetine or placebo. Insomnia was assessed at Cycles 1, 2, 3 and 4. Results: During Cycle 1 of chemotherapy, 84.6% reported insomnia problems and 52.1% met diagnostic criteria for clinical insomnia (defined as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep and/or early awakenings 3–5 nights a week lasting ½ hour per night or more). These rates of insomnia were 3 times higher than rates found in the general population. 76% Of patients reported Initial Insomnia symptoms, 59% reported Middle Insomnia, 45% reported Late Insomnia and 26.4% met criteria for depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ≥19) at Cycle 1. Paroxetine had no significant impact on insomnia at Cycle 3 or 4 controlling for insomnia and fatigue at Cycle 2. Insomnia symptoms significantly decreased from Cycle 1 to 2, 3 and 4 suggesting that patients might be adapting to their chemotherapy regime. Insomnia symptoms remained high at Cycle 4. 87% Of patients who experienced insomnia symptoms at Cycle 1 continued to experience insomnia symptoms at Cycle 4 (42% met criteria for clinical insomnia). Although the published results demonstrate that depression was significantly reduced at Cycle 4 by paroxetine, insomnia symptoms were not. Conclusions: These findings suggest that using SSRIs to treat depression and expecting that insomnia will also improve is ineffective. Future research is needed to develop effective pharmaceutical, behavioral/cognitive-behavioral treatments for cancer patients that specifically target insomnia rather than expecting insomnia to improve if depression is effectively managed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 3221: Impact of Thienopyridines on Re-Operation Rates, Bleeding Outcomes and Hospitalization in ACS Patients Requiring CABG Surgery
Authors: Jeffrey S Berger, Carla B Frye, Qing Harshaw, Fred H Edwards, Steven R Steinhubl, Richard C Becker
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objective: The objective of this retrospective observational study is to examine the impact of preoperative administration of clopidogrel on re-operation rates, incidence of life-threatening bleeding, inpatient length of stay (LOS) and other bleeding-related outcomes in ACS patients requiring CABG in a broad cross-section of US hospitals. This is the first study designed with this objective to be conducted in multiple centers . Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of ACS patients requiring CABG surgery during their index hospitalization was completed. Each site randomly selected 40–50 cases divided into the two comparison groups which consisted of patients exposed to clopidogrel versus those not exposed to clopidogrel within 5 days prior to surgery. Results: Data from the first 361 patients in 12 hospitals are reported. The two groups were comparable at baseline in terms of age, gender and co-morbidities. The rate of re-operation in the exposed group was 6.3% vs. 1.5% (p = 0.016) in those not exposed within 5 days. The number of patients who experienced excessive or life-threatening bleeding was higher in the exposed group; total inpatient LOS was not significantly different. Patients in the exposed group also required more blood product transfusions. Relationship between Clopidogrel Exposure and LOS, Markers for Life Threatening Bleeding, and Reoperation - Interim Analysis, 12 sites reporting Conclusion: Exposure to clopidogrel within 5 days before CABG surgery in ACS patients appears to significantly increase the need for re-operation and major bleeding outcomes in a broad cross-section of hospitals.
Abstract 11732: The Z-Disc Proteoglycan Syndecan-4 Regulates Mechanical Stress-Induced Calcineurin-NFAT Signaling in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ida G Lunde, Geir Florholmen, Alexandra V Finsen, Biljana Skrbic, Heidi Kvaløy, Ivar Sjaastad, Theis Tønnessen, Sarah A Wilcox-Adelman, Cathrine R Carlson, Geir Christensen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Mechanical stress is regarded as an important stimulus for the hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes, but the signaling systems involved are still unknown. We have previously shown that syndecan-4, a transmembrane proteoglycan localized to the cardiomyocyte Z-discs, is essential for development of concentric hypertrophy following pressure overload. We here demonstrate that syndecan-4, which connects the extracellular matrix to the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton, regulates mechanical stress-induced calcineurin-Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cell (CnA-NFAT) signaling in cardiomyocytes. Syndecan-4 protein levels were increased 1.7-fold in biopsies from hypertrophic human myocardium obtained peroperatively from aortic stenosis patients. When introduced as a gene or cell-permeable peptide (gain of function), syndecan-4 activated NFATc4 in cardiomyocytes in vitro. To examine whether mechanical stimuli activate CnA-NFAT through syndecan-4, cardiomyocytes from syndecan-4 KO-NFAT-luciferase reporter mice were subject...
The presumptive role of fantasy in serial sexual homicide
Authors: R A Prentky, A W Burgess, F Rokous, A Lee, C Hartman, R Ressler, J Douglas
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The authors examined the role of fantasy as an internal drive mechanism for repetitive acts of sexual violence. A sample of 25 serial sexual murderers with three or more known victims each was compared with a sample of 17 single sexual murderers, with only one known victim each. The drive mechanism was hypothesized to be an intrusive fantasy life manifested in higher prevalences of paraphilias, documented or self-reported violent fantasies, and organized crime scenes in the serial murderers. All three hypotheses were supported.
Nuts to you (... and you, and you)
Authors: H. Tunstall-Pedoe
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Papers p 1341 

A generation ago the prudent diet for preventing coronary disease was dominated by negative advice. Poverty and food rationing in the 1930-50s had led to the promised land of the 1960s, but it was a monotonous greasy landscape of cakes, pies, chips, sausages, and fry ups, dominated by dairy and processed foods. The “you never had it so good” life was bad for the heart. Prophets of doom emerged from communion with molecules, denouncing cholesterol and issuing dietary commandments, almost all phrased “Thou shalt not eat x.” They were less explicit on what should be eaten. It seemed to be what remained after eliminating the favourites or cutting off the fatty bits. Foods were judged in one dimension—what they did to blood cholesterol.1 Meanwhile a vegetarian subculture, regarded as cranky and unscientific (as many of its adherents were), was promoting fresh and natural foods of vegetable origin.

The cholesterol monolith was evidence based, but confrontation with sceptics, and …
Side effects in the neonate from psychotropic agents excreted through breast-feeding
Authors: J Ananth
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Neuroleptics, antidepressants, lithium, anxiolytics, and hypnotics may be excreted in breast milk. Because of the danger to the neonate, drugs such as diazepam, lithium, bromides, reserpine, and opium alkaloids should not be given to lactating women, and barbiturates, haloperidol, and penfluridol should be administered with caution. The side effects produced as a result of breast-feeding of the infant by mothers consuming psychotropic drugs are reviewed and possible preventive measures are discussed.
Medicare 2005 demonstration project: Patient reporting of nausea symptoms and its impact on improving quality of patient care
Authors: B. Mueller, R. D. Page
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

6615 Background: In 2005, the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) conducted a one-year Oncology Demonstration Project (ODP) establishing 12 G-codes for participants to provide and document specific services related to (1) pain control, (2) fatigue reduction, (3) and minimization of nausea and vomiting. Methods: This is a retrospective study involving a chart review and G-code reporting to determine the effectiveness of the 2005 ODP to improve the quality of patient care. There were 133 patients that reported level 3 or 4 nausea and vomiting symptoms (per G-codes) during the administration of the 2005 ODP. Analysis of the 133 patient charts attempted to identify if the 2005 ODP helped to improve three areas of antiemetic care: (1) increase awareness of patients suffering from severe nausea and vomiting, (2) improve antiemetic interventions once the nausea and vomiting symptoms of the patient had been assessed, (3) and improve the ability for subsequent antiemetic changes once a previous antiemetic intervention was unsuccessful. Data were analyzed comparing Medicare ODP vs. a non-medicare reporting group using Chi-square analysis. Results: The 292 cases of reported level 3 or 4 nausea and vomiting symptoms received a proper antiemetic assessment 57% of the time. Also, when a patient received an assessment for a reported level 3 or 4 nausea and vomiting symptom, an intervention occurred 74.5% of the time. This 74.5% was statistically insignificant (P=0.3283) when compared to the 70% of antiemetic interventions that occurred when a nausea and vomiting assessment was made without the reporting mechanism of the 2005 ODP. And finally, there was statistical insignificance (P=0.2389) when comparing the change of antiemetic care, with and without the administration of the 2005 ODP (89% vs. 85%, respectively), once a previous antiemetic intervention was unsuccessful. Conclusions: Based upon the three criteria of improving patient outcomes of nausea and vomiting, the 2005 ODP and the reporting of G-codes did not aid the ability of oncologists to administer better quality of patient care in the area of antiemetic management. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Role of Fas Ligand and Receptor in the Mechanism of T-Cell Depletion in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Effect on CD4+ Lymphocyte Depletion and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication
Authors: E.M. Sloand, N.S. Young, P. Kumar, F.F. Weichold, T. Sato, J.P. Maciejewski
Journal: Blood (1997)
Sudden Death in Young Adults
Authors: Robert E. Eckart, Eric A. Shry, Allen P. Burke, Jennifer A. McNear, David A. Appel, Laudino M. Castillo-Rojas, Lena Avedissian, Lisa A. Pearse, Robert N. Potter, Ladd Tremaine, Philip J. Gentlesk, Linda Huffer, Stephen S. Reich, William G. Stevenson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Sepsis
Authors: Huan J. Chang, Cassio Lynm, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Sepsis Sepsis is a medical condition in which the immune system goes into overdrive, releasing chemicals into the blood to combat infection (microbes in the blood, urine, lungs, skin, or other tissues) that trigger widespread inflammation (cellular injury in body tissues).If the body is not able to regulate this immune response, it then overwhelms normal blood processes.The first mention of the word sepsis in a medical context was more than 2700 years ago in the poems of Homer.The word derives from the Greek word sepein, meaning "to rot."Sepsis occurs in 1% to 2% of all hospitalizations in the United States, affecting at least 750 000 persons and costing $17 billion per year to treat.A term sometimes used for sepsis is "blood poisoning," but there is no poison involved in sepsis.The October 27, 2010, issue of JAMA includes an article about cognitive impairment and disability among survivors of severe sepsis.This Patient Page is based on one previously published in the February 24, 2010, issue of JAMA.
Medicine and books: The Mad Cow Crisis: Health and the Public Good
Authors: Tom Wilkie
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ed Scott C Ratzan 

UCL Press, £14.95, pp 247 

ISBN 1 85728 812 2 

Commenting on a very different health problem (head lice), my national poet, Robert Burns, famously asked for self knowledge: “Would some Power the giftie gi’e us, to see ourselves as others see us.” 

At first sight, therefore, we might welcome the publication of this book—a collection of contributed papers—which brings a predominantly American perspective to Britain’s unique public health crisis. Here, we British can see ourselves through the eyes of others. The editor, Scott Ratzan, has the credentials to provide us with an illuminating perspective. He holds academic appointments in the United States, is medically qualified, and now spends much of his time in the business of health communication, being editor of the journal of that name. 

But the Britain portrayed in this collection is hardly recognisable. Minor blemishes, such as references to the Ministry rather than the Department of Health (ironically, in a paper discussing the accuracy of British press reporting), are indicative of a deeper lack of understanding of the history of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) saga in Britain and of the political background that guided the government’s handling of events. 

Thus, the book assumes that BSE was a public health issue that could have been handled by better communication of information to the public and, once it became an international affair, that negotiation and compromise were the appropriate tools to be used. The authors do not seem to have recognised that the British government for many years successfully handled the public health issue by classifying BSE as a veterinary matter, and that the lack of communication with the public followed naturally from this strategy. Nor do the authors seem to recognise that there are many publics. The Ministry of Agriculture was not only slow in informing the man and woman in the street; it was slow to inform the Department of Health. 

The European ban on British beef allowed some of the political flak to be diverted from the British government to the European Commission. This moved the focus from health to the much safer ground of Europolitics, and so the British government was not playing the compromise and negotiate game. 

Perhaps the judicial inquiry into BSE will provide the outsider’s perspective, as a lawyer examines what has hitherto been the purview of politicians, civil servants, and scientists. The Mad Cow Crisis, sadly, suggests that the Atlantic is both deeper and wider than we might have thought.
Abstract 17597: Intravascular Ultrasound and Angiographic Predictors of 5-Year Target Lesion Revascularization: Very Long-Term Clinical Follow-Up of the SPIRIT III Trial
Authors: Kenji Sakamoto, Katsuhisa Waseda, Takao Shimohama, Masao Yamasaki, Ichizo Tsujino, Paul G Yock, Shigeru Saito, Gregg W Stone, Manejeh Yaqub, Sherry Cao, Krishnankutty Sudhir, Peter J Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Circulation (2012)

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the hypothesis that intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or angiographic parameters can predict very long-term target lesion revascularization (TLR) in de novo cor...
Consistent Fusion of ZNF198 to the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 in the t(8;13)(p11;q12) Myeloproliferative Syndrome
Authors: Andreas Reiter, Jastinder Sohal, Shashikant Kulkarni, Andrew Chase, Donald H.C. Macdonald, Ricardo C.T. Aguiar, Cristina Gonçalves, Jesus M. Hernandez, Barbara A. Jennings, John M. Goldman, Nicholas C.P. Cross
Journal: Blood (1998)
The palliative effect of EGFR inhibitors in platinum-resistant NSCLC
Authors: D. Tassinari, E. Tamburini, E. Scarpi, C. Santelmo, F. Carloni, C. Castellani, L. Lazzari Agli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e19053 Background: To assess the clinical benefit of EGFR-inhibitors (erlotinib or gefitinib) in terms of quality of life and symptoms control in platinum-resistant NSCLC. Methods: A systematic review of literature in the MEDLINE and EMBASE data bases from 2000 to 2007 was independently performed by two authors (DT and ET) The 2 randomized phase III trials comparing erlotinib or gefitinib (the BR21 and ISEL trials respectively) with placebo were considered eligible and included into the pooled analysis. Overall quality of life was the primary outcome of the pooled analysis; symptoms control the secondary one. Heterogeneity between the trials was analysed using the I 2 test; the outcome analysis was performed using a random effects model and an alpha error lower than 5%. Results: The outcomes of 2423 patients enrolled into the BR21 and ISEL trials were compared in the pooled analysis. 1129 patients were treated with gefitinib, 488 with erlotinib and 806 with placebo. A methodological heterogeneity was detected in the preliminary qualitative analysis of the trials (the 2 trials assessed quality of life and symptoms control with different tools), while a relative homogeneity was documented from a statistical point of view, using the I 2 test (I 2 =0, p=0.733). An absolute improve of quality of life was documented in favour of the treatment with EGFR-inhibitors (+8%, p&lt;0.001) and symptoms control (+4%, p=0.034). Nevertheless, as quality of life and symptoms control were assessed with different tools in the 2 trials, the comparisons of the 2 main outcomes have uniquely a descriptive aim. Conclusions: Although a comparison of the outcomes of quality of life and symptoms control in a pooled analysis of the BR21 and ISEL trials is quite difficult for the intrinsic heterogeneity between the trials, our preliminary analysis seems to suggest a benefit in favour of patients treated with EGFR-inhibitors when compared with placebo. Further trials comparing EGFR-inhibitors with chemotherapy (mainly docetaxel and pemetrexed) are probably needed to identify the gold standard of second line chemotherapy for NSCLC, whose main aims are quality of life and symptoms control. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Efficacy and Safety Of Pomalidomide Plus Low-Dose Dexamethasone In Advanced Multiple Myeloma: Results Of Randomized Phase 2 and 3 Trials (MM-002/MM-003)
Authors: David S. Siegel, Paul G. Richardson, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Christine I. Chen, Kevin Song, Ravi Vij, Nizar J. Bahlis, Rachid Baz, Craig C Hofmeister, Katja Weisel, Sundar Jagannath, Sagar Lonial, Michel Delforge, Moshe Talpaz, Philippe Moreau, Jesus F San Miguel, Lionel Karlin, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Anne Banos, Albert Oriol, Adrian Alegre, Laurent Garderet, Michele Cavo, Valentina L Ivanova, Joaquin Martinez-Lopez, Martha Q Lacy, Min Chen, Philomena Casey, Lars Sternas, Mohamed H. Zaki, Christian J. Jacques, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 1312: Mipomersen, a First-in-Class Apolipoprotein B Synthesis Inhibitor, Lowers Lp(a) in Patients With Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia and High Baseline Lp(a): Results of a Phase III Study
Authors: William Cromwell, Raul Santos, Robin Lachmann, Daniel Gaudet, Je Lu Tan, David Marais, Frederick Raal
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Abstract 16030: M-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: A Novel Renal Enhancing Therapeutic in a Model of Heart Failure and Acute Hypertension
Authors: Paul McKie, Tomoko Ichiki, Alessandro Cataliotti, S J Sangaralingham, Guido Boerrigter, Fernando Martin, John Burnett
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction Systolic hypertension is an increasingly common characteristic among subjects with acute heart failure (HF). Importantly, an abrupt increase in blood pressure (BP) may be the mechanism...
Quantitative methylation of six genes in breast tumors among the Singapore population
Authors: Natalia Liem, Alex Chang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

B63  Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. In Singapore, breast cancer remains one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed among woman, with a 1 in 15 risk of women developing breast cancer. Gene methylation is considered to be one of the most common mechanism for silencing cancer-related genes, resulting in the loss of gene expression. In contrast to genetic mutations, epigenetic alteration in DNA though heritable, does not alter the primary DNA sequence. DNA prompter hypermethylation has been implicated in the loss of gene expression via the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes that regulate cell cycle control, DNA repair, tumor susceptibility, carcinogen detoxification, cell adhesion and angiogenesis. In this study the quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR (QM-MSP) technique was used to detect the hypermethylation of 6 tumor suppressor genes in 31 breast cancer tumor specimens and their matching adjacent normal breast tissue. The QM-MSP is superior to the methylation specific PCR (MSP) and the quantitative MSP (Q-MSP) as it allows the co-amplification of many genes within a patient sample, when the quantity of DNA is limited. Results from this study demonstrated that the QM-MSP was able to provide 97% sensitivity in detecting methylation in breast tumors in at least one of the six genes. We observed that among the tumors, 77% were positive for RASSF1A, 67% for APC, 61% for TWIST, 45% for cyclin D2, 64% for RAR-s, and 52% for HIN1 respectively. In contrast, the adjacent normal breast tissue showed low levels for positive methylation, RASSF1A (10%), APC (10%), TWIST (10%), cyclin D2 (14%), RAR-s (10%) and HIN1 (8%) respectively. A significant difference in the frequency of positive methylation between tumor and normal tissues was also observed (RASSF1A, p
Traitement du cancer endolaryngé: L'hémilaryngectomie (technique A. Hautant).
Authors: Marcel Ombrédanne
Journal: JAMA (1930)

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Abstract 20262: In vivo [R)-[11C]Rolipram Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Detects Increased Phosphodiesterase-4 in Normally-Perfused Rat Myocardial Regions 8–12 Weeks Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Miran Kenk, Stephanie Thorn, Adam J Thomas, Jennifer M Renaud, Ran Klein, Mireille Lortie, Robert deKemp, Rob S Beanlands, Jean N DaSilva
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Sympathetic hyperactivity in heart failure is associated with changes in the noradrenergic signal transduction at the level of the beta adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) and intracellular second messen...