tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1579: Rapid Normalization Following Percutaneous Secundum Atrial Septal Defect Device Closure. A Study Using The Relative Atrial Index.
Authors: Gregory M Scalia, Natalie Kelly, Darren Walters, Lisa Walters, Darryl Burstow
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background.  The  Relative Atrial Index (RAI)  (  RA area (cm 2 )/LA area (cm 2 ))   is a novel tool that we have shown to be useful for identifying patients with significant atrial shunting. RAI was used to assess the degree of normalization following percutaneous Amplatzer secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) device closure.   Methods.  RAI was derived from the standard apical four chamber view in patients (n=85, mean age 38±21; 55 females) before and after percutaneous ASD closure as well as in the early (mean days 124) and late stages (mean days 390) of follow-up. RAI was also compared to normal valves observed in the general population (excluded significant intrinsic right heart pathology, n=4897).   Results.  The RAI in ASD patients was significantly higher than the general population (1.22±0.20 vs 0.81±0.15, p   Conclusion.  Resolution of right atrial enlargement occurs remarkably early after percutaneous ASD closure as demonstrated by the novel tool  Relative Atrial Index (RAI).  This suggests right atrial enlargement is largely volume-loading dependent rather than structural.
Our experience of low-dose consecutive CDDP and intermittent S-1 (LP/IS) therapy for advanced gastric cancer
Authors: K. Kobayashi, A. Enjoji, Y. Nagata, Y. Tajima, T. Kanematsu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

14145 Background: 5-FU and CDDP combination chemotherapy (FP) has been widely used as standard therapy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC), and in Japan FP therapy was modified into [5-FU (CVI) and low-dose consecutive CDDP (LC-P)](LFP) Therapy from 1990. LFP therapy has been widely used for the treatment of AGC, because of low toxicity and high response rate. We observed that CDDP inhibited metionine transport into tumor cells, both in vitro and in vivo, with synergistic interaction by CDDP functioning as a modulator of 5-FU. However LFP Therapy needs 24-hour continuous infusion of 5-FU, the applicants for LFP must be hospitalized. Therefore we used S-1, novel oral fluoropyrimidine as effector of 5-FU, and combined LC-P aiming the same synergy as LFP therapy. In addition, utilizing the difference in cell cycle between normal cells and tumor cells, we applied intermittent administration of S-1, which leads lower toxicity than conventional LFP therapy. We tried this LC-P and intermittent S-1 (LP/IS) Therapy for AGC, examining whether LP/IS was possible as outpatient-basis. Methods: Patients with AGC received LP/IS therapy. S-1 (80 mg/m 2 /day) was administered per orally and CDDP (10 mg/body/day) was infused for half an hour. The administration schedule consisted of S-1 for 1,3,5 days intermittently and CDDP for 2,5 days twice a week for each four weeks. RESIST criteria and NCI-CTC (ver.3) were used to assess LP/IS. Results: Between July and November 2005, four patients (A/B/C/D) were entered into this trial. Information is available for all patients. Characteristics were: age (A/B/C/D=75/59/65/54): sex (A/B/C=M, D=F): disease status (A/B= locally advanced, C/D= postoperative recurrence). S-1 and CDDP were administered to 97.9% and 84.4% of planned dose, respectively. As for toxicity, only grade 2 taste disturbance and anorexia occurred in two patients. All the patients had one course LP/IS and are evaluable for anti-tumor effects; primary (A/B=NC/NC), metastatic (A/B/C/D=NC/NC/NC/PD), respectively. A and B could undergo total gastrectomy. TTF was (A/B/C/D=42/35/55/29 days), and survival time was (A/B/C/D=164/94/104/71 days, C: dead). Conclusions: Because of low toxicity and high feasibility, LP/IS therapy is appropriate for out-patient basis chemotherapy for AGC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Association between selected air pollution sources, wheeze, asthma, and rhinoconjunctivitis among teenagers residing in proximity to mine dump tailings in South Africa
Authors: Vusumuzi Nkosi, Janine Wichmann, Kuku Voyi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Children are most vulnerable to harmful effects of ambient air pollution such as dust from gold mine tailings impoundments. The aim of the study was to assess the association between selected air pollution sources; current wheeze, rhino-conjunctivitis and asthma in communities located near mine dumps. The prevalence of current wheeze (21.1%) and rhino-conjunctivitis (32.9%) were higher in communities near mine dumps than those far away, and increased the likelihood of having current wheeze and rhino-conjunctivitis by 39% and 54% respectively, but protective for asthma by 58%. Current wheeze was associated with community9s proximity to mine dumps; truck air pollution, fuel cooking type, ETS exposure at home, but less consistent with asthma and rhino-conjunctivitis. Communities in proximity to mine dumps are more at increased risk of experiencing current wheeze and rhino-conjunctivitis morbidity burden.  Keywords: Mine dumps; South Africa; Adolescents; International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.
Lung cancer deaths in women continue to rise
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Death rates for lung cancer among women in the European Union continue to rise. Among women aged 35 to 64, mortality has almost doubled since 1955 and is now approaching the levels for intestinal cancer, the second leading site in women of that age group. Breast cancer remains the leading cause.

According to a new analysis of a World Health Organisation database, age standardised …
HPA-10wb (Laa): Genetic Determination of a New Platelet-Specific Alloantigen on Glycoprotein IIIa and Its Expression in COS-7 Cells
Authors: O. Peyruchaud, F. Bourre, M.-C. Morel-Kopp, D. Reviron, P. Mercier, A. Nurden, C. Kaplan
Journal: Blood (1997)
A surgical predictive risk model of in-hospital mortality for primary resectable lung cancer: Statistical analysis of 8,796 patients from a nationally representative database
Authors: P. Falcoz, L. Brouchet, M. Conti, S. Chocron, M. Puyraveau, M. Mercier, J. Etievent, M. Dahan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

7677 Background: The aim of this study was twofold: to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients operated on for primary resectable lung cancer and to construct a risk model that could be used prospectively to inform decisions and retrospectively to enable comparisons and outcomes. Methods: Data from a nationally representative thoracic surgery database were collected prospectively in 59 hospitals between June 1, 2002 and December 1, 2006. Only adult patients with more than 95% of completed data were selected for the final analysis (n = 8,796 patients). Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality. A risk model was developed with a training set of data (50% of patients) and validated on an independent test set (50% of patients). Its fit was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (larger p value signifies greater reliability), and predictive accuracy was indicated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (c-index). Results: Of the 8,796 original patients, 255 (2.9%) died during the same hospital admission. Within the data used to develop the model, the factors found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of in-hospital mortality in a multivariate analysis were: age, gender, performance status (World Health Organization) classification, side, class of procedure (lobectomy or wedge resection versus pneumonectomy), tumor histology, TNM stages and presence of co-morbid disease. The model was reliable (Hosmer-Lemeshow test = 8.94; p = 0.35) and accurate: the c-index (95% confidence interval) = 0.83 (0.81 to 0.85) for the training set and 0.82 (0.79 to 0.85) for the test set of data. The correlation between the expected and observed number of deaths was 0.99. Conclusions: The validated multivariate model for risk of in-hospital mortality among adult patients requiring surgery for primary resectable lung cancer described in this report was developed with national data, uses only 8 variables and has good performance characteristics. It would be useful both for calculating the mortality risk of an individual patient and contrasting expected and observed mortality rates for an institution or independent clinician. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
High Dose Cytarabine, Mitoxantrone and L-Asparaginase (HAMA) Salvage For Relapsed Or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) In The Elderly
Authors: Tamjeed Ahmed, Scott Holwerda, Timothy Pardee, Scott Isom, Susan Lyerly, Leslie Renee Ellis, Megan Manuel, Sarah Dralle, Berenzon Dmitriy, Heidi D. Klepin, Bayard L. Powell
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 14092: Clinical Course and Age Dependent Arrhythmic Risk in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy Associated Desmosomal Mutation Carriers
Authors: Aditya Bhonsale, Kunal Sanghavi, Cynthia A James, Crystal Tichnell, Brittney Murray, Binu Philips, Srinivasa Madhavan, Theodore Abraham, Harikrishna Tandri, Daniel P Judge, Hugh Calkins
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Presence of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) associated desmosomal mutations is thought to confer a lifelong risk of ventricular arrhythmias. We sought to define the arrhythmic penetrance in these patients and identify the association between age and occurrence of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Methods: The study population included 110 patients (age 2-80 years) belonging to 28 families with ARVD-associated heterozygous desmosomal mutations (PKP 2; 91%) from the Johns Hopkins ARVD registry. Detailed clinical phenotyping including arrhythmic evaluation was performed. Age at occurrence of first documented VT (Non sustained VT/Sustained VT) was used to determine arrhythmia free survival. Results: In our study population (49% males, median age 39 {IQR 28} years), VT was seen in 29 (26%) patients. The median age at the first episode of VT was 29 years (range 14-50, IQR 14 years) with very few patients experiencing VT incidence after 40 years of age. A diagnosis of A...
Human Lung Tissue and Anaphylaxis
Authors: Michael Kaliner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The addition of specific antigen to IgE-sensitized human lung tissue causes the secretion of the mediators histamine and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis. The mechanisms by which increased levels of cyclic AMP suppress and increased levels of cyclic GMP enhance this secretory process were studied. Colchicine, an agent which disrupts many secretory reactions by binding to microtubules in their disassembled 6S form, was a relatively ineffective inhibitor of the antigen-induced release of mediators unless lung fragments were incubated at 4 degrees C for 60 min to induce microtubular disassembly. As colchicine appeared to inhibit the immunologic secretion of mediators from human lung tissue most effectively after microtubular disassembly, the capacity of colchicine to modulate the release reaction indicated the state of microtubular assembly; inhibition by colchicine signaled a shift to the colchicine-sensitive 6S subunits whereas failure to inhibit suggested maintenance in the colchicine-resistant polymerized state.Exogenously added 8-Bromo-cyclic GMP prevented low temperature-facilitated colchicine suppression of mediator release suggesting that increased levels of cyclic GMP stabilize polymerized microtubules. Transiently increased cyclic AMP concentrations, either exogenously added as 8-Bromo-cyclic AMP or endogenously produced by isoproterenol, promoted colchicine suppression of mediator release suggesting that microtubular disassembly was produced. Direct measurement of cyclic AMP levels revealed parallel kinetics after isoproterenol stimulation between control and colchicine-treated lung fragments. The requirement for functional microtubules in the release reaction may occur after the antigen IgE-stimulated activation of a serine esterase, energy utilization, and an intracellular calcium requirement. The mechanism by which cyclic nucleotides influence microtubular assembly is postulated to involve the degree of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of microtubules.
Cuddle deprivation may have confounded experiment
Authors: C. Jepson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

coding staff, and download these data to a standard word processing package that contains a free text module.The resulting discharge summary is then sent to the family doctor.At St Mary's Hospital we adopted the latter approach last January.Audit of 228 summaries over two separate one month periods was per- formed.Summaries were sent by post, with most arriving at their destination within 12 days of the patient's discharge.Use of the postal system resulted in a median delay between dispatch and receipt of five days; fax machines are therefore now used.Comments by general practitioners were favourable ("clear and concise," "timely and comprehensive"), with support being expressed by both hospital clinicians and general practitioners for the adoption of Read coding instead of the sometimes tortuous ICD-10 (international classifi- cation of diseases, 10th revision) codes currently in use.We have already seen a considerable improvement in the accuracy of clinical coding; some clinicians were unaware of the potential for damage that incorrect coding carries.The system is also being piloted as a basis for clinical audit.Finally, the presence of a summary on the hospital infor- mation system allows access to recent clinical information in those cases in which timely retrieval of notes is difficult.This method of producing summaries addresses many of the issues raised in the Audit Com- mission's report, and the summaries represent a nascent electronic patient record.
Impact of Transition to Generic Imatinib in the Molecular Response Among Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Matthew Kang, Anargyros Xenocostas, Alejandro Lazo-Langner, Ian H. Chin-Yee, Kang Howson-Jan, Maisam Abouzeenni, Michael J. Kovacs, Cyrus C. Hsia
Journal: Blood (2014)
Psychogenic Vomiting
Authors: M.A. Leibovich
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

This paper reports on the clinical picture of the psychophysiologic disorder of psychogenic vomiting. This term is applied when it is the result of an emotional upset or of a more profound psychic disturbance, and only after no organic pathology was found. Especial emphasis is placed on the careful evaluation of various characteristics of the presenting symptom, i.e., accompanying manifestations, duration, time of day in which it occurs, stressing events related to the vomiting episode, patients' motivation for psychiatric treatment, their ability to introspect, to verbalize their problems and emotions and their expectations from treatment. Since every variety of personality and every psychiatric disorder may show functional vomiting as a manifestation, the vomiting must be appraised in the context of a complete diagnostic work-up. Treatment will be different according to the various factors considered. For patients who principally present this psychophysiologic disorder, special psychotherapeutic tactics are suggested. The adherence to the tenet 'treat the symptom, and the person as a whole will benefit' is useful. The symptom is viewed as the fundamental step to develop the doctor-patient relationship. Special work is done in enabling the patient to become aware of his feelings, and to acknowledge the relationship between the emotions and the physical dysfunction. Clinical examples are described.
Abstract P65: Community Based Application of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Survivors of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Roger Getts, David Fedor, Vincent J Vanston, Mary Triano, John Prior
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Objectives: To demonstrate that the application of therapeutic hypothermia is technically feasible in a community-based setting. Background: Implementation of therapeutic hypothermia for survivors of cardiac arrest in the US has been slow, at least partially because of the perception that this therapy is technically difficult, especially at the community level. Scranton, Pennsylvania is a just such a community. It has 75,000 people served by 3 hospitals with 700 acute care beds. Methods: At three community hospitals, after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) survivors of cardiac arrest were treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia using ice and cooling blankets or suits in order to achieve a goal temperature of 32 to34 degrees C for 24 hours. After ROSC, the timing goals of therapeutic hypothermia were to cool patients within 4 hours, to achieve goal temperature within 8 hours, and to maintain goal temperature for 24 hours. Results: Beginning in 2004, 27 survivors of cardiac arrest were managed with therapeutic hypothermia. The mean time from ROSC to initiation of therapeutic hypothermia was 2.8 hours (range, 0.4 – 6.3 hours), the mean time from ROSC to goal temperature was 6.9 hours (range, 1.9 –15 hours), and the mean time maintained at goal temperature was 26.7 hours (range, 12–39 hours). Once patients achieved goal temperature, 4.3% of the temperature readings were above 34 degrees C, reflecting undercooling, while 13.4% of the readings were below 32 degrees C, indicative of overcooling. Overall survival until hospital discharge with good neurologic outcome was 52%, compared to only 12% (p &lt; 0.001) among historical controls with cardiac arrest. There were no major complications attributable to the procedure. Conclusion: A simple protocol of mild therapeutic hypothermia using locally-available resources is technically feasible and safe in a community-based setting.
Dasatinib (BMS-354825), a novel multi-targeted kinase inhibitor that blocks tumor cell migration and invasion, is a promising therapeutic agent for metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Sangkil Nam, Donghwa Kim, Jin Q. Cheng, Shumin Zhang, Ji-Hyun Lee, Ralf Buettner, Janni Mirosevich, Francis Lee, Richard Jove
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

3797 

SRC family kinases (SFKs) are currently being investigated as targets for treatment strategies in various cancers. Dasatinib (BMS-354825) is a novel, highly potent, oral, multi-targeted kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL and SFKs. Dasatinib has been shown to inhibit growth of BCR-ABL-dependent chronic myeloid leukemia xenografts in nude mice and has been efficacious and well tolerated in a Phase I clinical trial of patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant CML. Dasatinib has also demonstrated activity against cultured human prostate and breast cancer cells; however, the molecular mechanism by which dasatinib acts on epithelial tumor cells remains unknown. In this study, we show that dasatinib blocks the kinase activities of the SFKs, Lyn and Src in human prostate cancer cells at low nanomolar concentrations. Moreover, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which has been shown to be elevated in epithelial tumors, and Crk-associated substrate (p130CAS) signaling downstream of SFKs are also inhibited at similar dasatinib concentrations. Consistent with inhibition of these signaling pathways, dasatinib suppresses cell adhesion, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells at low nanomolar concentrations. Therefore, dasatinib has potential as a therapeutic agent for metastatic prostate cancers harboring activated SFK and FAK signaling. Phase I clinical evaluation of dasatinib in a variety of solid tumors, including prostate cancer, is currently ongoing.
Evaluation of NHS direct
Authors: K. McKenna, M. Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—Florin and Rosen’s observations about the limitations of the data published on the performance of NHS Direct were well made.1 Because the sites are still being established it will probably be another year before meaningful data can be produced for analysis.

The variability in the advice given by the different sites is inevitable given that NHS Direct uses three totally different triage systems. Certain key ingredients are needed for consistency of outcome and demand management which are not present in all of the current systems in use. These features must be included in the national specification given to suppliers.

The consistent outcomes produced over 15 years in the United States by the system used in Hampshire and Newcastle (Personal Health Advisor, Access Health UK) gives confidence that a correctly designed tool, properly applied, does manage demand. It also produces consistency in clinical standards and delivers 24 hour access to services at levels that are appropriate and not demand led. Will NHS Direct do the same? By next year we will have the answer. Until then we can only speculate. Until our site has its full staff complement and is taking over 150 000 calls a year interim evaluation, although interesting, is of limited value.

The authors’ suggestion that NHS Direct must develop strong relations with general practice cooperatives and primary care in general is welcome, but they are wrong to assert that current models of clinical triage2 without decision support systems are safe. Unless aided by a correctly designed support programme, telephone triage by doctors3 or nurses4 is inconsistent and will drive up both risk and use.

NHS Direct can bring together health professionals in a way never before possible. The partnership between our site and the general practitioner cooperatives in Northumberland and Durham is doing just that. For the first time a coordinated out of hours service exists involving general practitioners, social services, dentistry, health information, drug information, district nursing, etc. Far from “cutting across” services, the system brings together and is being shaped by all the partners.

If we are to have a needs driven service which is affordable and in harmony with what the population is seeking, tools are required that are new to us all. NHS Direct is one of those tools. It is being evaluated, but so is our professional ability to cope with the changing world about us. Let us hope that both are up to scratch.