tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence for developmental changes in sodium channel inactivation gating and sodium channel block by phenytoin in rat cardiac myocytes.
Authors: Y QXu, A SPickoff, C WClarkson
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The voltage-dependent properties of the voltage-activated sodium channel were studied in neonatal (1-2-day-old) and adult rat ventricular cardiac myocytes using the whole-cell variation of the patch-clamp technique (16 degrees C, [Na]i = 15 mM, [Na]o = 25 mM). The voltage dependence of the sodium conductance-membrane potential relation was similar in both neonatal and adult myocytes except for a difference in slope; the adult sodium conductance-membrane potential relation was slightly more steep. Neonatal cells also differed from adult cells by demonstrating a more negative voltage midpoint of their sodium availability curve, a slower rate of recovery from inactivation at hyperpolarized potentials, and a greater extent of slow inactivation development compared with adult cells. Phenytoin (40 microM) reduced the sodium current in a tonic and use-dependent manner in both adult and neonatal myocytes. However, phenytoin (40 microM) produced significantly more tonic block at negative holding potentials (e.g., ...
Attenuated forearm vasodilative response to intra-arterial atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure.
Authors: YHirooka, ATakeshita, TImaizumi, SSuzuki, MYoshida, SAndo, MNakamura
Journal: Circulation (1990)

It has been shown that renal responses to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are markedly attenuated in patients with heart failure. This study aimed to determine if vasodilative response to ANP is altered in patients with heart failure. In patients with heart failure (n = 7) and age-matched normal subjects (n = 7), forearm blood flow was measured using a strain-gauge plethysmograph during intra-arterial infusion of alpha-human ANP (50, 100, 200, and 400 ng/min) or nitroglycerin (100, 200, 400, and 600 ng/min). Forearm vasodilatation evoked with intra-arterial alpha-human ANP in patients with heart failure was considerably less (p less than 0.01) than that in normal subjects. In contrast, nitroglycerin produced comparable forearm vasodilatation in the two groups. Plasma ANP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) levels at rest were higher in patients with heart failure than in normal subjects (p less than 0.05 for both), but the increases in plasma ANP and cyclic GMP in the venous effluents during intra-a...
The effect of warming on adrenergic neurotransmission in canine cutaneous vein.
Authors: J PCooke, J TShepherd, P MVanhoutte
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The effect of warming on adrenergic neurotransmission was examined in canine cutaneous veins. Isometric tension was recorded from rings of saphenous veins of the dog in organ chambers filled with physiological salt solution. During contractions caused by potassium or prostaglandin F2 alpha, warming from 37 to 41 degrees C caused an augmentation. During contractions caused by stimulation of the adrenergic nerves, and by exogenous norepinephrine, warming caused a relaxation. The relaxation with warming was not altered by the beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, or by inhibitors of extraneuronal and neuronal uptake of norepinephrine. During contractions evoked by the alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, alpha-methyl norepinephrine and B-HT 920, warming caused a relaxation, whereas during contractions due to the alpha 1-adrenergic agonists, cirazoline , methoxamine, ST 587, and phenylephrine, it caused an augmentation. The relaxation caused by warming during norepinephrine-induced contractions was prevented by th...
Premature escape beats induced by overdrive pacing in canine Purkinje fibers. Evidence for the role of normal automaticity as an underlying cellular mechanism.
Authors: V AViamonte, M RRosen
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Premature escape beats induced in conscious dogs with chronic complete atrioventricular block have been defined as escape beats occurring on cessation of overdrive pacing and having a coupling interval to the last paced beat shorter than the coupling interval between the premature escape beat and the second postpacing beat. Triggered activity has been proposed as the primary underlying mechanism. We used standard microelectrode techniques to study the effects of overdrive pacing on normal automatic canine Purkinje fibers to determine if premature escape beats could be induced and if so, to define the underlying cellular mechanism(s). For this purpose, we overdrive-paced Purkinje fibers for 10 and 50 seconds and for 10 and 50 beats at a pacing cycle length (PCL) of 1,000-200 msec. In addition, to help distinguish among major arrhythmogenic mechanisms, we used a matrix of drugs consisting of propranolol, nadolol, lidocaine, ethmozin, and doxorubicin. Fifty-second stimulation trains induced classic overdri...
Myeloproliferative neoplasm-driving Calr frameshift promotes the development of pulmonary hypertension in mice
Authors: Keiji Minakawa, Tetsuro Yokokawa, Koki Ueda, Osamu Nakajima, Tomofumi Misaka, Yusuke Kimishima, Kento Wada, Yusuke Tomita, Saori Miura, Yuka Sato, Kosaku Mimura, Koichi Sugimoto, Kazuhiko Nakazato, Kenneth E. Nollet, Kazuei Ogawa, Takayuki Ikezoe, Yuko Hashimoto, Yasuchika Takeishi, Kazuhiko Ikeda
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2021)

Abstract Frameshifts in the Calreticulin ( CALR ) exon 9 provide a recurrent driver mutation of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis among myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Here, we generated knock-in mice with murine Calr exon 9 mimicking the human CALR mutations, using the CRISPR-Cas9 method. Knock-in mice with del10 [ Calr del10/WT (wild−type) mice] exhibited an ET phenotype with increases of peripheral blood (PB) platelets and leukocytes, and accumulation of megakaryocytes in bone marrow (BM), while those with ins2 ( Calr ins2/WT mice) showed a slight splenic enlargement. Phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) was upregulated in BM cells of both knock-in mice. In BM transplantation (BMT) recipients from Calr del10/WT mice, although PB cell counts were not different from those in BMT recipients from Calr WT/WT mice, Calr del10/WT BM-derived macrophages exhibited elevations of pSTAT3 and Endothelin-1 levels. Strikingly, BMT recipients from Calr del10/WT mice developed more severe pulmonary hypertension (PH)—which often arises as a comorbidity in patients with MPNs—than BMT recipients from Calr WT/WT mice, with pulmonary arterial remodeling accompanied by an accumulation of donor-derived macrophages in response to chronic hypoxia. In conclusion, our murine model with the frameshifted murine Calr presented an ET phenotype analogous to human MPNs in molecular mechanisms and cardiovascular complications such as PH.
Changes in beverage purchases following the announcement and implementation of South Africa's Health Promotion Levy: an observational study
Authors: Nicholas Stacey, Ijeoma Edoka, Karen Hofman, Elizabeth C Swart, Barry Popkin, Shu Wen Ng
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2021)

BackgroundIn 2016, South Africa announced an intention to levy a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). In 2018, the country implemented an SSB tax of approximately 10%, known as the Health Promotion Levy (HPL). We aimed to assess changes in the purchases of beverages before and after the HPL announcement and implementation.MethodsWe used Kantar Europanel data on monthly household purchases between January, 2014, and March, 2019, among a sample of South African households (n=113 653 household-month observations) from all nine provinces to obtain per-capita sugar, calories, and volume from taxable and non-taxable beverages purchased before and after the HPL announcement and implementation. We describe survey-weighted means for each period, and regression-controlled predictions of outcomes and counterfactuals based on pre-HPL announcement trends, with bootstrapped 95% CIs, and stratify results by socioeconomic status.FindingsMean sugar from taxable beverage purchases fell from 16·25 g/capita per day (95% CI 15·80–16·70) to 14·26 (13·85–14·67) from the pre-HPL announcement to post-announcement period, and then to 10·63 g/capita per day (10·22–11·04) in the year after implementation. Mean volumes of taxable beverage purchases fell from 518·99 mL/capita per day (506·90–531·08) to 492·16 (481·28–503·04) from pre-announcement to post announcement, and then to 443·39 mL/capita per day (430·10–456·56) after implementation. Across these time periods, there was a small increase in the purchases of non-taxable beverages, from 283·45 mL/capita per day (273·34–293·56) pre-announcement to 312·94 (296·29–329·29) post implementation. When compared with pre-announcement counterfactual trends, reductions in taxable beverage purchase outcomes were significantly larger than the unadjusted survey-weighted observed reductions. Households with lower socioeconomic status purchased larger amounts of taxable beverages in the pre-announcement period than did households with higher socioeconomic status, but demonstrated bigger reductions after the tax was implemented.InterpretationThe announcement and introduction of South Africa's HPL were followed by reductions in the sugar, calories, and volume of beverage purchases.FundingBloomberg Philanthropies, International Development Research Centre, South African Medical Research Council, and the US National Institutes of Health.
Genetic Barriers to Historical Gene Flow between Cryptic Species of Alpine Bumblebees Revealed by Comparative Population Genomics
Authors: Matthew J Christmas, Julia C Jones, Anna Olsson, Ola Wallerman, Ignas Bunikis, Marcin Kierczak, Valentina Peona, Kaitlyn M Whitley, Tuuli Larva, Alexander Suh, Nicole E Miller-Struttmann, Jennifer C Geib, Matthew T Webster
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2021)

Abstract Evidence is accumulating that gene flow commonly occurs between recently diverged species, despite the existence of barriers to gene flow in their genomes. However, we still know little about what regions of the genome become barriers to gene flow and how such barriers form. Here, we compare genetic differentiation across the genomes of bumblebee species living in sympatry and allopatry to reveal the potential impact of gene flow during species divergence and uncover genetic barrier loci. We first compared the genomes of the alpine bumblebee Bombus sylvicola and a previously unidentified sister species living in sympatry in the Rocky Mountains, revealing prominent islands of elevated genetic divergence in the genome that colocalize with centromeres and regions of low recombination. This same pattern is observed between the genomes of another pair of closely related species living in allopatry (B. bifarius and B. vancouverensis). Strikingly however, the genomic islands exhibit significantly elevated absolute divergence (dXY) in the sympatric, but not the allopatric, comparison indicating that they contain loci that have acted as barriers to historical gene flow in sympatry. Our results suggest that intrinsic barriers to gene flow between species may often accumulate in regions of low recombination and near centromeres through processes such as genetic hitchhiking, and that divergence in these regions is accentuated in the presence of gene flow.
A possible molecular mechanism of the action of digitalis: ouabain action on calcium binding to sites associated with a purified sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase from kidney.
Authors: AGervais, L KLane, B MAnner, G ELindenmayer, ASchwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Calcium binding at 0 degrees C to a purified sheep kidney Na+,K+-ATPase was described by linear Scatchard plots. Binding at saturating free calcium was 65-80 nmol/mg of protein, or 30-40 mol of calcium/mol of enzyme. Aqueous emulsions of lipids extracted from Na+,K+-ATPase yielded dissociation constants and maximum calcium-binding values that were similar to those for native Na+,K+-ATPase. Phospholipase A treatment markedly reduced calcium binding. Pretreatment of native Na+,K+-ATPase with ouabain increased the dissociation constant for calcium binding from 131 +/- 7 to 192 +/- 7 muM without altering maximum calcium binding. Ouabain pretreatment did not affect calcium binding to extracted phospholipids, ouabain-insensitive ATPases, or heat denatured Na+,K+-ATPase, Na+ and K+ (5-20 mM) increased the dissociation constants for calcium, which suggests competition between the monovalent cations and calcium for the binding sites. At higher concentrations of monovalent cations, ouabain increased the apparent af...
Decline in the use of phototherapy in France from 2010 to 2019
Authors: F. Aubin, C. Chaignot, I. Gallais‐Serezal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

Journal Article Decline in the use of phototherapy in France from 2010 to 2019 Get access F. Aubin, F. Aubin University of Bourgogne Franche Comté Inserm 1098, and University Hospital Department of Dermatology Besançon France https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1421-4996 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Chaignot, C. Chaignot Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie Paris France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Gallais‐Serezal, I. Gallais‐Serezal University of Bourgogne Franche Comté Inserm 1098, and University Hospital Department of Dermatology Besançon France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar on behalf of the Société Française de Photodermatologie on behalf of the Société Française de Photodermatologie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 185, Issue 3, 1 September 2021, Pages 662–663, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.20384 Published: 01 September 2021
원저 : 간경변 환자의 영양상태에 있어서 경구용 분지형 아미노산제제의 효과에 대한 전향적 연구
Authors: 전재윤(Chae Yoon Chon), 이관식(Kwan Sik Lee), 송건훈(Kun Hoon Song), 한광협(Kwang Hyub Han), 문영명(Young Myoung Moon), 김명수(Myung Soo Kim), 안수현(Soo Hyun Ahn), 이종호(Jong Ho Lee)
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2001)

Background / Aims : A prospective comparative study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of orally administered branched-chain amino acids(BCAA) in cirrhotic patients. Methods : Forty-seven patients with liver cirrhosis of viral etiologies, whose hypoalbunemia could not be corrected with adequate protein intake, were randomly assigned to either the BCAA group(n=31) or the control group(n=16). The selection criteria were ages between 16 and 70 years, patients whose Child-Pugh scores were less than 13 points and who were willing to participate in the study. Most patients(87.1%) belonged to Child -Pugh class B. Patients in the BCAA group received oral supplementation with branced-chain amino acid granules(12g/day, each packet containing total 4g of BCAA , i.e.leucine, 1904 mg ; valine, 1144mg; isoleucine, 952mg) for 12 weeks. Patients had complete blood counts and chemistry at entry and once every month. Serum ferritin and amino acid concentrations in plasma were determined. Anthropometric parameters including body weight, body fat contents and body mass index were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the 3-month period. Results : In the BCAA group, there was a significant increment in plasma levels of isoleucine, valine(p<0.001) whereas levels of aromatic amino acids did not show substantial change. Total BCAA concentration and BCAA/AAA(aromatic amino acid) molar ratio(Fischer`s ratio) also increased significantly after administration of oral BCAA (p<0.02). In contrast, patients in the control group showed no significant change in assessed parameters. Conclusion : Oral supplementation of BCAA to or other serious adverse effects.
Augmented forearm vasoconstriction during dynamic exercise in healthy older men.
Authors: J ATaylor, G AHand, D GJohnson, D RSeals
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDWe tested the hypothesis that the nonactive limb vasoconstriction evoked during large-muscle dynamic exercise becomes augmented with aging in humans.METHODS AND RESULTSSixteen young control subjects (age, 26 +/- 1 year) and twelve older (65 +/- 1 year) healthy men with similar chronic physical activity levels were studied during supine leg cycling exercise. Both peak work load (1,100 +/- 60 versus 1,400 +/- 40 kpm/min) and peak O2 uptake (1.85 +/- 0.10 versus 2.38 +/- 0.07 l/min) were lower in the older men (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the two groups under conditions of quiet supine (basal) rest. During cycling for 5 minutes each at mild, moderate, and heavy submaximal intensities (approximately 45%, 65%, and 85% of peak O2 uptake), the increases in arterial blood pressure generally were similar in the young and older subjects; however, heart rate rose less in the older men (p < 0.05). Whole forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) was lower and vascular resistance was h...
Delivery of pOXR1 through an injectable liposomal nanoparticle enhances spinal cord injury regeneration by alleviating oxidative stress
Authors: Jing Zhang, Yao Li, Jun Xiong, Helin Xu, Guanghen Xiang, Mingqiao Fan, Kailiang Zhou, Yutian Lin, Xiangxiang Chen, Lin Xie, Hongyu Zhang, Jian Wang, Jian Xiao
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2021)

Oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) is regarded as a critical regulator of cellular homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. However, the role of OXR1 in the neuronal response to spinal cord injury (SCI) remains undefined. On the other hand, gene therapy for SCI has shown limited success to date due in part to the poor utility of conventional gene vectors. In this study, we evaluated the function of OXR1 in SCI and developed an available carrier for delivering the OXR1 plasmid (pOXR1). We found that OXR1 expression is remarkably increased after SCI and that this regulation is protective after SCI. Meanwhile, we assembled cationic nanoparticles with vitamin E succinate-grafted ε-polylysine (VES-g-PLL) (Nps). The pOXR1 was precompressed with Nps and then encapsulated into cationic liposomes. The particle size of pOXR1 was compressed to 58 nm, which suggests that pOXR1 can be encapsulated inside liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency and stability to enhance the transfection efficiency. The agarose gel results indicated that Nps-pOXR1-Lip eliminated the degradation of DNA by DNase I and maintained its activity, and the cytotoxicity results indicated that pOXR1 was successfully transported into cells and exhibited lower cytotoxicity. Finally, Nps-pOXR1-Lip promoted functional recovery by alleviating neuronal apoptosis, attenuating oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammation. Therefore, our study provides considerable evidence that OXR1 is a beneficial factor in resistance to SCI and that Nps-Lip-pOXR1 exerts therapeutic effects in acute traumatic SCI.
Methods of measurement of myocardial blood flow in patients: a critical review.
Authors: M LMarcus, R FWilson, C WWhite
Journal: Circulation (1987)

During the past decade, major progress has been made in the evolution of technology directed toward the accurate measurement of regional myocardial perfusion in patients. The deficiencies of some of the older methods (thermodilution and gas clearance) are better appreciated and improved approaches (Doppler catheters, positron-emission tomography, and digital subtraction angiography) have been developed. The new approaches should play a major role in research and for most applications the older methods will gradually be replaced. Efforts to bring these new methods to community hospitals and practicing cardiologists should be stimulated. Doppler catheters, positron-emission tomography, and digital-subtraction angiography are commercially available and Doppler catheters and digital-subtraction angiography could be easily incorporated into routine cardiac catheterization procedures. The Doppler catheter is the most inexpensive and probably the simplest to apply. In our opinion, routine measurements of coronar...
Latent tuberculosis screening and treatment among asylum seekers: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Simone Villa, Luigi Ruffo Codecasa, Marino Faccini, Mirella Maria Pontello, Maurizio Ferrarese, Paola Francesca Castellotti, Sabrina Senatore, Anna Lamberti, Ester Mazzola, Carlo Federico Perno, Daniela Campisi, Matteo Saporiti, Mario Carlo Raviglione
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)

<b>These two experiences emphasise the urgency of data sharing and common policies when addressing TB prevention and care in a highly mobile population in countries of first arrival and final destination</b>http://bit.ly/2PG0qfA
Effect of sympathetic tone on pressure-diameter relation of rabbit mesenteric veins in situ.
Authors: KOzono, Z JBosnjak, J PKampine
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Although venous capacitance has been studied in the neurally isolated tissue or in the in vitro vein segment, this is the first study of sympathetic regulation of the pressure-diameter relation in mesenteric veins in situ, where innervation is kept intact. In 25 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rabbits, mesenteric vein diameter (679 +/- 27 microns, ranges of 380-1,050 microns at initial state) and intravenous pressure were measured continuously at the same site by using videomicrometer and micropressure systems. Intravenous pressure was increased in a stepwise fashion from the baseline of 6-9 mm Hg to approximately 10, approximately 13, approximately 16, approximately 19, and occasionally to approximately 22 or approximately 26 mm Hg by occluding the portal vein with a pneumatic occluder. Each intravenous pressure was maintained for 90-120 seconds or 4-5 minutes until the diameter increase reached a plateau. Pressure-diameter curves were generated for the control state, during celiac ganglion stimulation, an...
Influence of the status of the renin-angiotensin system on the effect of cilazapril on neointima formation after vascular injury in rats.
Authors: J PClozel, R KMüller, SRoux, WFischli, H RBaumgartner
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDAngiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition has been shown to prevent neointima formation after vascular injury in rats. However, clinical results evaluating restenosis after angioplasty have been negative. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) status on the effect of ACE inhibition on neointima formation.METHODS AND RESULTSArterial injury was produced by ballooning the left carotid artery of rats, and neointima formation was evaluated by morphometry 2 weeks after ballooning. The effects of cilazapril were assessed in four experimental groups: normotensive rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats, hypertensive rats with a renal artery stenosis induced by clipping (two-kidney, one-clip rats), and hypertensive rats with uninephrectomy, high salt intake, and administration of deoxycorticosterone (DOCA). In parallel groups of rats, measurement of plasma renin activity was made in order to characterize (at least at the plasma level) the stat...
Venous responses to salt loading in hypertensive subjects.
Authors: ATakeshita, TAshihara, KYamamoto, TImaizumi, SHoka, NIto, MNakamura
Journal: Circulation (1984)

It has been previously suggested that salt loading produces structural changes of the arteries in hypertensive patients who respond to salt loading with a greater rise of blood pressure. This study examined the possibility that salt loading alters venous distensibility in hypertensive patients. Twenty-one patients with essential hypertension were placed on a low-sodium diet (70 meq) for 7 days and then were placed on a high-sodium diet (345 meq) for 7 days. Patients were arbitrarily divided into two groups based on the response of their blood pressure to salt loading: (1) those whose mean blood pressure increased by more than 10% while on the high-salt diet as compared with those on the low-salt diet (salt-responsive patients, n = 8) and (2) those whose mean blood pressure did not increase by more than 10% (salt-nonresponsive patients, n = 13). The venous pressure-volume relationship was determined in the forearm with a water-filled plethysmograph when patients were on the low- and high-salt diet. Venous ...