tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Data Pollution in Neuropsychiatry—An Under-Recognized but Critical Barrier to Research Progress
Authors: Alessandro S. De Nadai, Yueqin Hu, Wesley K. Thompson
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2021)

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Prospective validation of the 4C prognostic models for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol
Authors: Stephen R Knight, Rishi K Gupta, Antonia Ho, Riinu Pius, Iain Buchan, Gail Carson, Thomas M Drake, Jake Dunning, Cameron J Fairfield, Carrol Gamble, Christopher A Green, Sophie Halpin, Hayley E Hardwick, Karl A Holden, Peter W Horby, Clare Jackson, Kenneth A Mclean, Laura Merson, Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam, Lisa Norman, Piero L Olliaro, Mark G Pritchard, Clark D Russell, Catherine A Shaw, Aziz Sheikh, Tom Solomon, Cathie Sudlow, Olivia V Swann, Lance C W Turtle, Peter J M Openshaw, J Kenneth Baillie, Annemarie Docherty, Malcolm G Semple, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Ewen M Harrison
Journal: Thorax (2021)

Purpose To prospectively validate two risk scores to predict mortality (4C Mortality) and in-hospital deterioration (4C Deterioration) among adults hospitalised with COVID-19. Methods Prospective observational cohort study of adults (age ≥18 years) with confirmed or highly suspected COVID-19 recruited into the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK (CCP-UK) study in 306 hospitals across England, Scotland and Wales. Patients were recruited between 27 August 2020 and 17 February 2021, with at least 4 weeks follow-up before final data extraction. The main outcome measures were discrimination and calibration of models for in-hospital deterioration (defined as any requirement of ventilatory support or critical care, or death) and mortality, incorporating predefined subgroups. Results 76 588 participants were included, of whom 27 352 (37.4%) deteriorated and 12 581 (17.4%) died. Both the 4C Mortality (0.78 (0.77 to 0.78)) and 4C Deterioration scores (pooled C-statistic 0.76 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.77)) demonstrated consistent discrimination across all nine National Health Service regions, with similar performance metrics to the original validation cohorts. Calibration remained stable (4C Mortality: pooled slope 1.09, pooled calibration-in-the-large 0.12; 4C Deterioration: 1.00, –0.04), with no need for temporal recalibration during the second UK pandemic wave of hospital admissions. Conclusion Both 4C risk stratification models demonstrate consistent performance to predict clinical deterioration and mortality in a large prospective second wave validation cohort of UK patients. Despite recent advances in the treatment and management of adults hospitalised with COVID-19, both scores can continue to inform clinical decision making. Trial registration number NCT66726260 .
Abstract 14121: Trends In Awareness, Use Of Medication, And Blood Pressure Control By Race And Ethnicity Among U.S. Adults With Hypertension: A 20-year National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey Analysis, 1999-2018
Authors: Yuan Lu, Yuntian Liu, Lovedeep Dhingra, Daisy Massey, Cesar Caraballo, Shiwani Mahajan, Jeph Herrin, Harlan M Krumholz
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Black and Hispanic adults have poorer hypertension control compared with White adults in the US. Less is known about the country’s progress in eliminating disparities in awareness and treatment of hypertension and whether these differences explain the difference in hypertension control. Methods: We assessed 20-year trends in racial/ethnic differences in awareness, use of medication, and whether these differences help explain racial/ethnic difference in blood pressure (BP) control in the US population, using data from 59,204 hypertensive adults enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2018). Results: For all 3 racial groups (White, Black, and Hispanic), hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rates increased between 1999-2013, and then declined between 2014-2018. Although Black adults had a lower BP control rate (odds ratio: 0.77 [0.70-0.85]) compared with White adults, they had a higher awareness rate (1.30 [1.13-1.46]), a similar overall treatment rate (1.07 [0.94-1.19]) and received more intensive antihypertensive therapy (OR for combination therapy 1.32 [1.19-1.45]). Hispanic adults had a significantly lower BP control rate (0.68 [0.59-0.77]), awareness rate (0.76 [0.65-0.85]), overall treatment rate (0.65 [0.55-0.74]) and received less intensive therapy compared with Black and White adults. From 1999-2018, the racial/ethnic differences in awareness, treatment, and BP control persisted and were more pronounced among younger (&lt;60 years of age), male, and lower income adults. Lower awareness and treatment were associated with lower BP control in Hispanics, but not in Blacks. Conclusions: Although Blacks had higher level of awareness and received more intensive antihypertensive therapy, Hispanics were less aware and treated than White. Racial/ethnic differences in awareness and treatment partially explain difference in hypertension control for Hispanics, but not for Blacks.
Upregulation of Conventional Dendritic Cells type 1 (cDC1) implicates antigen cross presentation in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C)
Authors: Janice J. Huang, Samantha B. Gaines, Mateo L. Amezcua, Tamar R. Lubell, Peter S. Dayan, Dale, Marissa, Boneparth, Alexis D., Mark D. Hicar, Winchester, Robert, Gorelik, Mark
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2021)
Abstract 11596: Amyloidogenic Medin Induces Endothelial Cell Prothrombotic Activation
Authors: Nina Karamanova, Seth Truran, Hannah Davies, Jillian Madine, Raymond Q Migrino
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Background: Vascular aging is characterized by acquisition of a pro-inflammatory and prothrombotic vascular phenotype independent of cardiovascular metabolic risk factors through still unknown mechanisms. Medin is an amyloidogenic peptide formed as a cleavage product of milk fat globule EGF factor 8 protein. It accumulates in the vasculature with aging and is one of the most common yet poorly understood human amyloid proteins. Cerebrovascular medin was shown to be strongly associated with vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. It was shown to induce endothelial pro-inflammatory activation and endothelial dysfunction. We aim to test the hypothesis that medin induces prothrombotic activation in endothelial cells. Methods: Recombinant medin was expressed in Lemo 21 (DE3 cells) and purified. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to either vehicle or medin (5 μM, a dose found to be physiologically relevant in human tissue) for 20 hours. Cell lysates were measured for protein content of tissue factor (TF, receptor and cofactor for factor VII and initiates coagulation), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1, inhibits plasminogen activators that promote fibrinolysis) and thrombomodulin (cell surface glycoprotein that inhibits procoagulant function of thrombin) using standard Western blot and compared. Results: See Figure. Physiologic dose of medin induced increased endothelial cell protein expression of TF, PAI-1 and reduced expression of thrombomodulin. Conclusions: Medin induces prothrombotic activation in human endothelial cells and may be a key novel mediator in the development of vascular aging phenotype.
Abstract 12056: Incidence of Actionable Events on Implantable Cardiac Monitors: A Prospective Study Comparing Reveal LINQ <sup>TM</sup> and Confirm Rx <sup>TM</sup> Implantable Cardiac Monitors
Authors: Sandeep Banga, Zulfiqar Q Baloch, Rohan M Prasad, Abbas Ali, Abdullah Al-abcha, Randy Ip, Reema Sheth, John Ip
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Implantable cardiac monitors (ICM) are increasingly being used to detect and treat arrhythmias in various clinical settings such as cryptogenic stroke. However, the incidence of actionable events in ICMs is unknown. Hypothesis: Confirm Rx TM has more actionable event detection rate than Reveal LINQ TM Methods: We prospectively studied 411 patients who received Reveal LINQ TM (Medtronic Inc., Dublin, Ireland) or Confirm Rx TM (Abbott, Sylmar, CA) ICM system for diagnosis of actionable arrhythmic events. Actionable arrhythmic events were defined as atrial fibrillation (AF) requiring anticoagulation, pauses requiring pacemaker, and tachycardia requiring ablation or medication changes. All actionable events were adjudicated for accuracy. Results: This study evaluated 411 patients with baseline characteristics of: 52.1% females, an average age of 65.81 years, and an average body mass index of 29.9 kg/m 2 . Reasons for ICM implants were, in descending order: cryptogenic stroke (44.3%), syncope (35%), and palpitations (20.9%). The Reveal LINQ TM was used in 56.4% (n=232) of patients and Confirm Rx TM was used in the other 43.6% (n=179). On univariate analysis, the composite outcome of actionable events were similar in both groups (Reveal LINQ TM 19% vs Confirm Rx TM 19%, p&gt;0.9). The individual actionable event outcome were also similar in both groups: AF (Reveal LINQ TM 11% vs Confirm Rx TM 8.5%, p=0.6), pauses (Reveal LINQ TM 1.3% vs Confirm Rx TM 4.0%, p=0.2), tachycardia (Reveal LINQ TM 6.0% vs Confirm Rx TM 5.6%, p&gt;0.9). However, the time to actionable event or last follow-up was significantly reduced (p&lt;0.001) in the Confirm Rx TM (median 203 days, interquartile range 90-371 days) as compared to Reveal LINQ TM (median 300 days, interquartile range 128-488 days). Conclusions: This study showed that although Reveal LINQ TM and Confirm Rx TM have similar actionable event detection rates, Confirm Rx TM has a shorter duration to diagnose true arrhythmic events. This difference may be due to their intrinsic detection algorithm. Larger studies are required to confirm this finding.
ACC/AHA clinical competence statement on echocardiography 1 2 3 2 Reprinted from J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:687-708 with permission.This document was approved by the American College of Cardiology Board of Trustees in December 2002 and the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinati...
Authors: John Salcedo
Journal: Ophthalmology (2003)
Abstract 10523: Prevalence and Characteristics of Aortic Dissection in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients with Pulseless Electrical Activity as an Initial Rhythm
Authors: Ryota Kaichi, Kyohei Marume, Takafumi Mikami, Sou Ikebe, Masafumi Takae, Takayuki Mori, Soichi Komaki, Reiko Toida, Kazumasa Kurogi, Yasuhiro Nagamine, Masakazu Matsuyama, Tetsuro Yamaguchi, Takao Yano, Kenichi Tsujita, Nobuyasu Yamamoto
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: The utility of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for patients with pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is still unclear and the appropriate patient selection is necessary. We evaluated the characteristics of patients with aortic dissection (AD), which is a major contraindication for ECPR, among patients with PEA using a city-wide (population=120.000) prospective registry of patients who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) whom cause of death are assessed by post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT). Methods and Results: 1373 patients who experienced OHCA between 2008 and 2020, and 1,235 (90%) were assessed their cause of death by CT in the city. 359 patients with PEA as an initial rhythm were finally included to this study and 44 had AD (12%). Female (OR, 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-4.52; P=0.008), sudden onset (OHCA within 60 min from the onset of new symptoms) (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.20-5.70; P=0.015), and the prevalence of hypertension (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.45-6.88; P=0.004) were independently associated with the presence of AD. Based on the number of these 3 factors, the risk of AD was stratified into 0% (score 0), 12% (score 1 or 2) and 34% (score 3). Furthermore, among patients underwent post-resuscitation electrocardiogram (n=166), inferior segment ST depression was significantly associated with AD (OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.17-12.9; P=0.027) and its absence allowed us to identify low risk (4%) group in patients with score 1 or 2 (Figure). Conclusions: The risk of AD for OHCAs with PEA was 12%, but stratification based on interview and electrocardiography allowed us to identify lower risk groups (0% or 4%).
Re: Anna Lantz, David Bock, Olof Akre, et al. Functional and Oncological Outcomes After Open Versus Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy for Localised Prostate Cancer: 8-Year Follow-up. Eur Urol 2021;80:650–60
Authors: Wei Zheng So, Ziting Wang, Ho Yee Tiong
Journal: European Urology (2021)
Abstract 10388: The Role of Patient, Community and Healthcare System Factors in the Variability of Cardiovascular Hospital Readmissions
Authors: Joshua Saef, Arshneel S Kochar, Jennifer Riggs, Grant W Reed, Paul Cremer, Yuli Y Kim, W. H. Wilson Tang, Venu Menon
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) penalizes hospitals by reducing Medicare (CMS) reimbursement for institutions with higher rates of readmissions following hospitalizations for myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and heart failure (HF). Understanding the contributors to these readmissions can identify meaningful areas for intervention. We examine whether community and patient or healthcare system factors contribute more to variability in cardiac readmissions. Methods: We compiled CMS hospital data on MI, CABG and HF readmissions, CMS physician reimbursement data, and 2020-21 County Health Rankings (Credit: University of Wisconsin). The outcome was the ratio of a hospital’s composite readmissions for MI, CABG and HF to discharges for the same conditions. Physician/healthcare system factors included total cardiac subspecialists, presence of all subspecialties, and the mean proportion of reimbursed charges. Patient and community factors included mean Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) risk score, median household income, proportion of residents reporting no physical activity, and access to food stores. Linear regression models were compared using R 2 , AIC, BIC in model training data and mean absolute prediction error (MAPE) and root mean square prediction error (RMSE) in test data. Results: The linear regression model incorporating community and patient factors explained greater variability in readmission rates in training data and performed with greater accuracy in the test data (R 2 0.35; AIC -1839; BIC -1811; MAPE 0.017; RMSE 0.022) than the model incorporating physician/healthcare system factors (R 2 0.04; AIC - 1685; BIC - 1664; MAPE 0.022; RMSE 0.027). HCC score, level of physical activity, and number of cardiac specialists were associated with the largest effect sizes on the outcome. Conclusions: At a county level, community and patient factors appear to contribute more to variability in hospitals’ MI, CABG and and HF readmission rates. Further analyses should explore other community, patient, and provider factors that may contribute. The HRRP does not account for community/patient factors, indicating its limitations.
Adverts for cosmetic surgery targeting teenagers to be banned from next year
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2021)

Adverts for cosmetic surgery that target under 18s will be banned from 25 May 2022, the regulator has announced.

The new rules from the Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP) cover both surgical and non-surgical interventions such as breast augmentation, abdominoplasty, blepharoplasty, injectable fillers such as Botox, chemical peels, and non-ablative laser treatments.1

Companies will no longer be able to advertise such procedures around television programmes likely to appeal particularly to under 18s or in …
Genomic Analysis Focusing on <i>RUNX1-RUNX1T1</i> in Japanese Patients with AML: HM-Screen-Japan 01
Authors: Seiichiro Katagiri, Daigo Akahane, Akihiko Gotoh, SungGi Chi, Kentaro Fukushima, Hirohiko Shibayama, Naoko Hosono, Takahiro Yamauchi, Motoki Eguchi, Takanobu Morishita, Reiki Ogasawara, Takeshi Kondo, Masamitsu Yanada, Kazuhito Yamamoto, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Junya Kuroda, Kensuke Usuki, Yoshikazu Utsu, Nobuyuki Aotsuka, Makoto Yoshimitsu, Kenji Ishitsuka, Takaaki Ono, Naoto Takahashi, Satoshi Iyama, Makoto Nakamura, Yukinori Nakamura, Koji Izutsu, Nobuhiko Yamauchi, Junichiro Yuda, Yosuke Minami
Journal: Blood (2021)
PATH-19. TERT PROMOTER MUTATION, NOT H3K27M MUTATION IS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR FOR ADULT THALAMIC GLIOMAS
Authors: Masayuki Nitta, Yoshihiro Muragaki, Takashi Komori, kenta Masui, Taiichi Saito, Shunsuke Tsuzuki, Atsushi Fukui, Shunichi Koriyama, Hiromi Onitsuka, Soko Ikuta, Jun Kuwano, Takakazu Kawamata
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract Purpose Thalamic diffuse glioma is classified as WHO grade 4 as Diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M mutation if H3K27M mutation was found regardless of its histological findings, but the significance of H3K27M mutation is not clear compared with pediatric cases. We aimed to find genetic prognostic factors in adult thalamic diffuse gliomas. METHODS Pathological diagnosis, genetic abnormalities, and clinical course of adult newly diagnosed thalamic gliomas diagnosed and treated at our institution from July 2007 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The number of cases was 41 (24 males, 17 females), median age was 47 years (20-75 years). Tumor localization was 20 cases on the left, 14 cases on the right, and 7 cases on both sides. The pathological diagnosis was GBM 15 cases, DMG 15 cases, AA-IDH WT 7 cases, DA-IDH WT 4 cases, all of which were IDH wild type, and none of them had IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion. H3K27M mutations were found in 15 cases and TERT promoter mutations were found in 12 cases, both of which were completely mutually exclusive. Tumor resection and biopsy was performed in 33 and 8 cases, respectively, and the median removal rate was 95% for those who underwent tumor resection. The median PFS and OS of all cases were 14.3 months and 38 months, respectively, and the median OS by pathological diagnosis was GBM 12.4 months, DMG 47.4 months, AA-IDH WT 37.3 months, DA-IDH WT not reached. The median OS in the H3K27M mutant group (47.4 months) was significantly better (p=0.02) than that in the TERT promoter mutation group (13.5 months). CONCLUSION There was no IDH mutation in adult thalamic gliomas, the H3K27M mutation and the TERT promoter mutation were mutually exclusive. The H3K27M mutation was not a prognostic factor, but the TERT promoter mutation was the strongest prognostic factor.
Abstract 12811: Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration and Long-Term Risks of Adverse Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Scott Kinlay, Melissa M Young, Rebecca J Sherrod, David Gagnon
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Introduction: Randomized trials show that short dual antiplatelet (DAPT) regimens have similar adverse events to longer regimens in patients treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES2). However, these studies are underpowered for death. Hypothesis: After PCI with DES2, patients discontinuing DAPT before six months had higher risks of adverse ischemic outcomes than patients continuing DAPT for longer durations. Methods: We assessed adverse outcomes in patients having PCI between 2008-2016 in the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment Report and Tracking (CART) database. DAPT use was determined from the VA Pharmacy database. Outcomes after PCI were all-cause death (from the VA death index), and myocardial infarction, recurrent coronary revascularization, and major bleeding from ICD 9, ICD 10 and CPT codes in VA and Medicare/Medicaid records. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) from Cox proportional hazards models weighted with a stabilized inverse probability of treatment weight were used to assess the risk of outcomes from stopping DAPT in 4 time intervals after PCI (1-5, 6-9, 10-12, and 13-18 months). Results: After exclusions, there were 40,871 PCIs with DES2 during the study period. Outcomes were followed for an average of 4.6 years. Compared to continuing DAPT, the risks for death were significantly higher for stopping DAPT 1-5 months after PCI (HR=2.04, 95%CI=1.82, 2.29) and stopping DAPT 6-9 months after PCI (HR=2.2, 95%CI=1.98, 2.44). There was no significant increase in death from stopping DAPT more than 10 months after PCI. Stopping DAPT 10 or more months after the index PCI associated with lower rates of myocardial infarction (HR=0.74, 95%CI=0.68, 0.81) and major bleeding (HR=0.81, 95%CI 0.73, 0.91), and lower repeat revascularization at all time periods. There was no interaction of effects with acute coronary syndrome at index PCI. Conclusion: Among Veterans having PCI with DES2, stopping DAPT less than 10 months after PCI was associated with a higher risk of death but no increased risk in myocardial infarction or major bleeding. Short DAPT regimens after PCI may increase the risk of death. Clinical trials of short DAPT duration should powered to assess this endpoint.