tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Causes of failure and pathologic findings in surgically removed Ionescu-Shiley standard bovine pericardial heart valve bioprostheses: emphasis on progressive structural deterioration.
Authors: F JSchoen, JFernandez, LGonzalez-Lavin, ACernaianu
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Twenty-three Ionescu-Shiley standard bovine pericardial bioprostheses (15 aortic, seven mitral, and one tricuspid) removed at surgery from 21 adults, 28 to 75 years old (mean 55 at reoperation), were examined after functioning for as long as 84 months (mean 26). Reoperation was necessitated by active or healed endocarditis (10 valves), paravalvular leak (three), structural deterioration (eight), and other causes (two). Valves with degenerative dysfunction functioned 32 to 84 months (mean 68). Six had intrinsic cuspal calcification, one with stenosis, and there was regurgitation through secondary cuspal defects in five. Six valves had cuspal defects clearly associated with commissural sutures (alignment stitches) unique to this valve design. One valve had a large basal cuspal tear. Other prominent pathologic features included gross cuspal thickening and mild stretching and microscopic deep fluid insudation, separation of collagen bundles, and mononuclear inflammation. Thus, structural disruption due to c...
The effect of the cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, on right ventricular structure and function in chronic systolic heart failure (<scp>COSMIC</scp>‐<scp>HF</scp>)
Authors: Tor Biering‐Sørensen, Masatoshi Minamisawa, Jiankang Liu, Brian Claggett, Alexander I. Papolos, G. Michael Felker, John J.V. McMurray, Jason C. Legg, Fady I. Malik, Narimon Honarpour, Christopher E. Kurtz, John R. Teerlink, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2021)
Long term follow up of untreated primary hyperparathyroidism.
Authors: C R Paterson, J Burns, E Mowat
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Fourteen patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and whose initial serum calcium concentrations were 2.75 mmol/l (11.0 mg/100 ml) or more were followed up for five to 23 years without operative treatment. One had osteitis fibrosa when seen and died with a fibrosarcoma 22 years later. The remaining 13 patients, who were followed up for a mean of 10 years, came to little obvious harm from not being operated on. Their serum calcium concentrations did not rise and there was no evidence of progressive renal impairment. In four patients who presented originally with renal calculi there were three further episodes of renal colic in 54 patient years of follow up. Conservative management of primary hyperparathyroidism is not an unreasonable option, and patients who do not have symptoms need not necessarily be pressed to accept surgery.
Chronic Epigastric Pain Syndrome With Normal Upper Endoscopy: Should We Systematically Biopsy?
Authors: F Ben Farhat, N Bellil, M Sabbah, Z Benzarti, F Khanchel, D Trad, D Gargouri
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims The aim of our study was to determine the usefulness of gastric biopsies in case of normal upper endoscopy.
Exercise induces cardiac dysfunction in both moderate, compensated and severe hypertrophy.
Authors: LHittinger, TPatrick, TIhara, NHasebe, Y TShen, BKalthof, R PShannon, S FVatner
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDVentricular hypertrophy begins as a physiological adaptation to cardiac overload but progresses to a pathological state. We examined whether the extent of hypertrophy influenced the response to exercise in terms of its effects on regional and global ventricular function and transmural myocardial blood flow distribution.METHODS AND RESULTSLeft ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was induced by aortic banding in puppies. The effects of treadmill exercise were compared in sham-operated control dogs (n = 7) and in dogs with moderate LV hypertrophy (47% increase in LV wt/body wt, n = 7) with normal baseline levels of LV systolic and diastolic wall stress and dogs with severe LV hypertrophy (85% increase in LV wt/body wt, n = 18), which exhibited elevated levels of LV systolic wall stress at baseline. The dogs with severe LV hypertrophy were further subdivided into those with either elevated or normal baseline levels of LV end-diastolic pressure and wall stress. The response to exercise in dogs with moderate...
Mechanism of myocardial "stunning".
Authors: RBolli
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Among the numerous mechanisms proposed for myocardial stunning, three appear to be more plausible: 1) generation of oxygen radicals, 2) calcium overload, and 3) excitation-contraction uncoupling. First, the evidence for a pathogenetic role of oxygen-derived free radicals in myocardial stunning is overwhelming. In the setting of a single 15-minute coronary occlusion, mitigation of stunning by antioxidants has been reproducibly observed by several independent laboratories. Similar protection has been recently demonstrated in the conscious animal, that is, in the most physiological experimental preparation available. Furthermore, generation of free radicals in the stunned myocardium has been directly demonstrated by spin trapping techniques, and attenuation of free radical generation has been repeatedly shown to result in attenuation of contractile dysfunction. Numerous observations suggest that oxyradicals also contribute to stunning in other settings: after global ischemia in vitro, after global ischemia d...
Lymphocytic Colitis is the Most Common Cause of Non- Irritable Bowel Syndrome Chronic Diarrhea
Authors: M Abd El Razek, MM Maher, M Amin, H Shabana
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims To diagnose the causes of non-irritable bowel syndrome chronic diarrhea in patients attending Specialized Medical Hospital, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Quantification of hydroxyl radical and its lack of relevance to myocardial injury during early reperfusion after graded ischemia in rat hearts.
Authors: GTakemura, TOnodera, MAshraf
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

To elucidate the pathophysiological role of the hydroxyl radical (.OH) during the postischemic reperfusion of the heart, we measured the .OH product in the coronary effluent from isolated perfused rat heart during a 30-minute reperfusion period after various ischemic intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 60 minutes. Salicylic acid was used as the probe for .OH, and its derivative, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA), was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. 2,5-DHBA was negligible in the effluent from nonischemic hearts, but a significant amount was detected from the hearts rendered ischemic for 10 minutes or longer. The peak of 2,5-DHBA was seen within 90 seconds after the onset of reperfusion in every group. The accumulated amount of 2,5-DHBA was maximal in the group with 15-minute ischemia (6.73 +/- 1.04 nmol/g wet heart wt after 30 minutes of reperfusion); it decreased as the ischemic time was prolonged and was 2.38 +/- 0.84 nmol/g wet wt after 30 minutes ...
Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide in ventricles, atria, hypothalamus, and plasma of genetically hypertensive rats.
Authors: HRuskoaho, JLeppäluoto
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

To evaluate the role of extra-atrial atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in volume and blood pressure regulation, the plasma, atrial, ventricular, and hypothalamic levels of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (IR-ANP) were measured simultaneously in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) at the ages of 2, 6, and 12 months. Plasma IR-ANP in the 12-month-old, conscious SHR was significantly higher than that of the WKY (300 +/- 18 versus 200 +/- 20 pg/ml, p less than 0.05, n = 9), while no differences in plasma IR-ANP levels were found between the strains in younger rats. Acute volume expansion with saline (1.1 ml/100 g body wt) in hypertensive as well as in normotensive rats resulted in marked increases in right atrial pressure and plasma IR-ANP concentration. The older SHR had attenuated ANP release to volume loading as shown by the shift of the ANP versus right atrial pressure curve to the right. Right auricular IR-ANP concentration decreased, while that of left auricle ...
Endoscopic and Histological Findings in Patients With Epigastric Pain
Authors: S Zaouga, S Mrabet, R Harbi, I Akkari, E Ben Jazia
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Epigastric pain is one of the major common complaints in clinical medicine. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) is the most important diagnostic examination for patients with epigastralgia.
Environmental tobacco smoke and cardiovascular disease. A position paper from the Council on Cardiopulmonary and Critical Care, American Heart Association.
Authors: A ETaylor, D CJohnson, HKazemi
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Although the number of cardiovascular deaths associated with environmental tobacco smoke cannot be predicted with absolute certainty, the available evidence indicates that environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of heart disease. The effects of environmental tobacco smoke on cardiovascular function, platelet function, neutrophil function, and plaque formation are the probable mechanisms leading to heart disease. The risk of death due to heart disease is increased by about 30% among those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at home and could be much higher in those exposed at the workplace, where higher levels of environmental tobacco smoke may be present. Even though considerable uncertainty is a part of any analysis on the health affects of environmental tobacco smoke because of the difficulty of conducting long-term studies and selecting sample populations, an estimated 35,000-40,000 cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 3,000-5,000 lung cancer deaths due to environmental tobacco smoke exp...
Operative treatment in hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Techniques, and the results of pre and postoperative assessments in 83 patients.
Authors: A GMorrow, B AReitz, S EEpstein, W LHenry, D MConkle, S BItscoitz, D RRedwood
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The results of operative treatment in 83 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) are described. Most patients with the disease are asymptomatic, or derive satisfactory symptomatic improvement from nonoperative therapy: administration of propranolol, exerice limitation, control of arrhythmia, etc. Operation is required, however, in 10-15% of patients, those who remain severely symptomatic after nonoperative treatment or who become refractory to it. Operation relieves symptoms in IHSS by relieving obstruction to left ventricular outflow, and for a patient to be considered an operative candidate severe obstruction must be documented at left heart catheterization either under resting conditions or after provocative interventions. All 83 patients were severely incapacitated--58 in Class III and 24 in Class IV. Seventy had obstruction at rest (average gradient 96 mm Hg), and 13 had only provocable obstruction. At operation the hypertrophic interventricular septum was exposed via an aorto...
203MO Changes in management for patients with lung cancer treated with radical radiotherapy during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK (COVID-RT Lung)
Authors: K. Banfill, G. Price, K. Wicks, A. Britten, C. Carson, M. Hatton, K. Thippu Jayaprakash, A. Jegannathen, C.L. Lee, N. Panakis, C. Peedell, C. Stilwell, T. Pope, C. Powell, V. Wood, S. Zhou, C. Faivre-Finn
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)
Capillary growth in anemia-induced ventricular wall remodeling in the rat heart.
Authors: GOlivetti, CLagrasta, FQuaini, RRicci, GMoccia, J MCapasso, PAnversa
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

To determine whether anemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy affects ventricular size and shape and the component structures of the capillary network of the left and right ventricles, young male rats were fed an iron- and copper-deficient diet for 7 weeks. By that time, blood hemoglobin content fell to 5 +/- 1 g/dl, and packed cell volume fell to 18 +/- 3%. To further characterize the implications of anemia, red blood cell number, hemoglobin corpuscular content, systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, and blood viscosity were measured. Moreover, the changes in ventricular weights were analyzed in terms of the alterations in ventricular wall area and ventricular wall thickness to establish the impact of the elevation in load associated with a high cardiac output state on ventricular remodeling. The quantitative properties of the capillary circulation were also examined biventricularly by low power electron microscopic morphometry to evaluate the adaptive growth potential of the coronary microcirculation in this...
Prevalence and predictors of audible physiological third heart sound in a population sample aged 36 to 37 years.
Authors: MKupari, PKoskinen, JVirolainen, PHekali, PKeto
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUNDA physiological third heart sound (S3) is common in youth but allegedly very rare after the age of 40 years. The mechanism of its disappearance is not known. The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and predictors of physiological S3 in a population-based sample of persons approaching 40 years of age.METHODS AND RESULTSA random sample of 120 persons born in 1954 was invited; 93 (42 men) entered the study. Their physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and salt intake were quantified by diary follow-up. The presence of an S3 was determined by auscultation and confirmed by phonocardiography. Left ventricular (LV) size, mass, and systolic function were assessed by M-mode echocardiography and LV filling by Doppler velocimetry of transmitral flow. An audible S3 was detected in 22 subjects, 1 of whom had heart disease. The prevalence of physiological S3 was 23.1%. Subjects with physiological S3 had a lower body mass index (22.3 +/- 2.8 versus 24.6 +/- 4.1 kg/m2 [mean +/- SD], P = .0...
Bayesian analysis versus discriminant function analysis: their relative utility in the diagnosis of coronary disease.
Authors: RDetrano, JLeatherman, E ESalcedo, JYiannikas, GWilliams
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Both Bayesian analysis assuming independence and discriminant function analysis have been used to estimate probabilities of coronary disease. To compare their relative accuracy, we submitted 303 subjects referred for coronary angiography to stress electrocardiography, thallium scintigraphy, and cine fluoroscopy. Severe angiographic disease was defined as at least one greater than 50% occlusion of a major vessel. Four calculations were done: (1) Bayesian analysis using literature estimates of pretest probabilities, sensitivities, and specificities was applied to the clinical and test data of a randomly selected subgroup (group I, 151 patients) to calculate posttest probabilities. (2) Bayesian analysis using literature estimates of pretest probabilities (but with sensitivities and specificities derived from the remaining 152 subjects [group II]) was applied to group I data to estimate posttest probabilities. (3) A discriminant function with logistic regression coefficients derived from the clinical and test...
Smooth muscle cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase expression after arterial injury in the rat.
Authors: M PBendeck, NZempo, A WClowes, R EGalardy, M AReidy
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

We have characterized matrix metalloproteinase expression in the rat carotid artery after two forms of arterial injury, balloon catheter denudation and nylon filament denudation. Gelatinolytic enzymes with molecular masses of 70 and 62 kD were produced constitutively in the rat carotid. Production of an 88-kD gelatinase was induced after balloon catheter injury, and proteinase production continued during the period of migration of smooth muscle cells from the media to the intima, from 6 hours to 6 days after balloon catheter injury. In addition, a marked increase in 62-kD gelatinolytic activity was observed between 4 and 14 days after arterial injury. Gelatinase activities (88 and 62 kD) were also increased after nylon filament denudation but were markedly less after this injury than after balloon catheter injury. These results suggested a correlation between gelatinase activity and smooth muscle cell migration after arterial injury. Administration of a metalloproteinase inhibitor after balloon catheter i...
Agonist that activates the µ-opioid receptor in acidified microenvironments inhibits colitis pain without side effects
Authors: Nestor Nivardo Jiménez-Vargas, Yang Yu, Dane D Jensen, Diana Daeun Bok, Matthew Wisdom, Rocco Latorre, Cintya Lopez, Josue O Jaramillo-Polanco, Claudius Degro, Mabel Guzman-Rodriguez, Quentin Tsang, Zachary Snow, Brian L Schmidt, David E Reed, Alan Edward Lomax, Kara Gross Margolis, Christoph Stein, Nigel W Bunnett, Stephen J Vanner
Journal: Gut (2021)

The effectiveness of µ-opioid receptor (MOPr) agonists for treatment of visceral pain is compromised by constipation, respiratory depression, sedation and addiction. We investigated whether a fentanyl analogue, (±)-N-(3-fluoro-1-phenethylpiperidine-4-yl)-N-phenyl propionamide (NFEPP), which preferentially activates MOPr in acidified diseased tissues, would inhibit pain in a preclinical model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without side effects in healthy tissues.Antinociceptive actions of NFEPP and fentanyl were compared in control mice and mice with dextran sodium sulfate colitis by measuring visceromotor responses to colorectal distension. Patch clamp and extracellular recordings were used to assess nociceptor activation. Defecation, respiration and locomotion were assessed. Colonic migrating motor complexes were assessed by spatiotemporal mapping of isolated tissue. NFEPP-induced MOPr signalling and trafficking were studied in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.NFEPP inhibited visceromotor responses to colorectal distension in mice with colitis but not in control mice, consistent with acidification of the inflamed colon. Fentanyl inhibited responses in both groups. NFEPP inhibited the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons and suppressed mechanical sensitivity of colonic afferent fibres in acidified but not physiological conditions. Whereas fentanyl decreased defecation and caused respiratory depression and hyperactivity in mice with colitis, NFEPP was devoid of these effects. NFEPP did not affect colonic migrating motor complexes at physiological pH. NFEPP preferentially activated MOPr in acidified extracellular conditions to inhibit cAMP formation, recruit β-arrestins and evoke MOPr endocytosis.In a preclinical IBD model, NFEPP preferentially activates MOPr in acidified microenvironments of inflamed tissues to induce antinociception without causing respiratory depression, constipation and hyperactivity.
Variation of left ventricular myocardial gray level on two-dimensional echocardiograms as a result of cardiac contraction.
Authors: BOlshansky, S MCollins, D JSkorton, N VPrasad
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Integrated ultrasonic backscatter from normal myocardium has been shown to vary with the phase of cardiac contraction (decreasing from end-diastole to end-systole) in previous studies of open-chest dogs. If confirmed, this finding would have important implications for clinical application of ultrasonic tissue characterization. Our hypothesis was that a cardiac cycle-dependent variation in regional average gray level would be detected on analysis of digitized two-dimensional echocardiograms. We analyzed echocardiographic images from 16 subjects in whom normal, technically good studies were obtained with a commercial phased-array scanner and a 2.25 MHz transducer. Images from six subjects were digitized from stop-frame photographs and those from 10 subjects were obtained directly in digital format from the scanner. Average gray level was measured in a portion of the left ventricular posterior wall in parasternal long-axis images obtained at end-diastole and end-systole by both photographic and digital-image...
Aligned microfiber-induced macrophage polarization to guide schwann-cell-enabled peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Xianhao Dong, Siyang Liu, Yueyue Yang, Shan Gao, Wenlei Li, Jiasong Cao, Ye Wan, Ziqi Huang, Guanwei Fan, Quan Chen, Hongjun Wang, Meifeng Zhu, Deling Kong
Journal: Biomaterials (2021)
Nitric oxide-mediated effects of interleukin-6 on [Ca2+]i and cell contraction in cultured chick ventricular myocytes.
Authors: KKinugawa, TTakahashi, OKohmoto, AYao, TAoyagi, SMomomura, YHirata, TSerizawa
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Cytokines have significant roles in some cardiovascular disorders, but direct myocardial effects of cytokines remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we examined both the early and delayed effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on cultured chick embryo ventricular myocytes. Exposure of these cells to human recombinant IL-6 significantly decreased peak systolic [Ca2+]i (71.0 +/- 0.6% of the control value) and the amplitude of cell contraction (66.0 +/- 7.4% of the control value) within a few minutes. Pretreatment with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) or methylene blue completely inhibited the IL-6-induced early changes. Subsequent addition of L-arginine reversed the effects of L-NMMA. The levels of cGMP were significantly increased after 30 minutes of exposure to IL-6 (134.4 +/- 9.1% of the control value). Pretreatment with L-NMMA or EGTA significantly inhibited the IL-6-induced early elevation of cGMP. These results suggest that IL-6 acutely decreases intracellular Ca2+ transients and depresses cell cont...
Effects of chronic dobutamine administration on hearts of normal and hypertensive rats.
Authors: PButtrick, AMalhotra, SFactor, DGeenen, JScheuer
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We have previously shown that physical conditioning in the rat improves cardiac mechanics and biochemistry and normalizes the cardiac contractile protein abnormalities associated with renovascular hypertension. Since chronic adrenergic stimulation with dobutamine simulates some aspects of physical conditioning, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of chronic dobutamine administration on normal and hypertensive rat hearts. Four groups of female animals were studied: controls, dobutamine-treated (2 mg/kg twice daily), renovascular hypertensives, and dobutamine-treated hypertensives. Animals were killed after 8-10 weeks and cardiac histology, myosin biochemistry, and mechanics in an isolated heart perfusion apparatus were studied. Dobutamine, unlike hypertension, was not associated with histological evidence of myocardial damage but did increase cardiac mass by 10% and calcium-activated myosin ATPase activity by 13%. Hypertension was associated with a 24% increase in mass, a 24% decrease in A...
Role of peripheral vasodilation in the hypotensive response to left ventriculography in anesthetized dogs.
Authors: D DShaw, G LWolf, H ABaltaxe
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

Hypotension after left ventriculography (LVG) is believed to result from direct myocardial toxicity, peripheral vasodilation, or a combination of both. The contribution of each has not been established. Thus, LVG was performed in anesthetized dogs under conditions in which peripheral vascular reactivity (PVR) was altered pathophysiologically (aortic coarctation) or pharmacologically (acetylcholine infusion). Ventricular pressure (LVP), its first derivative (dP/dt), aortic pressure (AoP), and carotid and femoral flows were monitored. When PVR was normal, LVG was associated with significant hemodynamic changes which reached a maximum 25-35 seconds after injection. Left ventricular and aortic diastolic pressures were decreased by 22 and 48%, whereas carotid and femoral systolic flows were increased by 41 and 59%. During acetylcholine infusion, LVG did not cause systolic hypotension and peripheral flows were maintained strikingly constant. Similarly, LVG also was associated with insignificant changes in systo...