tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke and their risk factors in Japan.
Authors: TShimamoto, YKomachi, HInada, MDoi, HIso, SSato, AKitamura, MIida, MKonishi, NNakanishi
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Disease surveillance and population surveys of risk characteristics in a northeast rural community of Japan (1965 census population, 7,030) are combined in an attempt to relate morbidity and risk factor trends for coronary heart disease and stroke during the last 2 decades. Between 1964 and 1983, the incidence of coronary heart disease (i.e., combined myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and sudden death) did not change significantly among men and women ages 40-69, and was lower than that for stroke. The incidence of all stroke declined about 60% for both men and women, ages 40-69, with a significant decrease in cerebral hemorrhage for both sexes and in cerebral infarction for men. Between 1963-1966 and 1980-1983, significant upward shifts occurred in the means and distributions of serum total cholesterol and serum total protein in every age and sex group, primarily during the 1st decade. Age-adjusted mean cholesterol levels rose 22 mg/dl to the 1980-1983 mean of 179 mg/dl in men ages 40-69. In women a...
Coronary vasodilator reserve in ischemic myocardium of the exercising dog.
Authors: D DLaxson, X ZDai, D CHomans, R JBache
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDPrevious work has reported that coronary vasodilator reserve may persist in myocardium rendered ischemic by hypoperfusion. This study investigated the presence and extent of residual coronary vasomotor tone in myocardial regions made acutely ischemic by a flow-limiting coronary stenosis during exercise.METHODS AND RESULTSStudies were done in chronically instrumented dogs undergoing treadmill exercise in the presence of a coronary stenosis that decreased distal left circumflex coronary artery perfusion pressure to approximately 40 mm Hg. Measurements of myocardial blood flow were made with radioactive microspheres during exercise (6.5 km/hr, 6% grade) before and during intracoronary infusion of the potent coronary vasodilator adenosine (40 micrograms/kg/min). Distal coronary perfusion pressure was held equal before and during intracoronary adenosine infusion (43 +/- 5 versus 42 +/- 5 mm Hg) by adjusting the hydraulic coronary occluder. During exercise in the presence of a coronary stenosis, myoca...
Learning Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy Requires at least 50 Procedures
Authors: AB Nielsen, MD Jensen, JB Brodersen, J Kjeldsen, CB Laursen, L Konge, SB Laursen
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is used for examination of the small bowel mainly in patients with suspected Crohn’s disease (CD) or bleeding. The number of procedures needed in order to acquire a sufficient level of skills to perform unassisted evaluation of SBCE is unknown.
Impaired left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with coronary artery disease: assessment with radionuclide angiography.
Authors: R OBonow, S LBacharach, M VGreen, K MKent, D RRosing, L CLipson, M BLeon, S EEpstein
Journal: Circulation (1981)

To assess left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling at rest in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), we analyzed high-resolution time-activity curves (10-20 msec/frame) obtained from gated radionuclide angiograms in 231 patients. Peak LV filling rate (PFR), expressed in end-diastolic volumes per second (EDV/sec), was subnormal in CAD patients (1.8 +/- 0.6 [+/- SD] vs normal mean of 3.3 +/- 0.6, p les than 0.001) and time to PFR (TPFR), measured from end-systole to PFR, was prolonged (171 +/- 41 msec vs normal mean of 136 +/- 23 msec, p less than 0.001). These indexes were also abnormal in the 141 patients with normal resting LV ejection fraction (PFR = 2.1 +/- 0.5 EDV/sec; TPFR = 175 +/- 36 msec) and in 123 patients without Q waves on the ECG (PFR = 2.1 +/- 0.5 EDV/sec; TPFR = 168 +/- 38 msec). Abnormal LV filling at rest (PFR less than 2.5 EDV/sec or TPFR greater than 180 msec) was found in 91% of all patients with CAD, 86% of patients with normal resting LV ejection fractions, 85% of patients witho...
Abstract 12599: Thoracic Aortic Wall Thickness and Cardiovascular Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Jacob Groenendyk, Shunsuke Natori, Robyn McClelland, Aarthi S Reddy, Joao Lima, Chia Liu, Moyses Szklo, David A Bluemke, Nehal N Mehta
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Retrospective analysis shows that individuals with history of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) have increased aortic wall thickness (AWT) compared to those without MACE but ...
Vaccination against Typhoid Fever
Journal: BMJ (1897)

Typhoid fever and its therapy Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection, caused by Salmonella typhi and paratyphi organisms. Typhoid fever is present worldwide and is transmitted via contaminated food, drinks or, in case of poor hygienic conditions, directly from person to person. The bacteria invade the intestinal tract and, in case a sufficient number of bacteria was transmitted, lead to the outbreak of the disease. The bacteria penetrate the intestinal mucosa where they grow before being spread through the blood into the whole body. After further growth, they invade the feces and urine, are excreted and may thus cause new infections. Hence, typhoid fever is a systemic infection, starting about 1 to 3 weeks after transmission and causing fever, headache, muscle pain, gastrointestinal tract disorders and impaired consciousness. Complications may be myocarditis, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding, encephalitis, peritonitis, severe septicemia with subsequent organ failure and others. Without treatment, up to 20% of patients die. Typhoid fever may be treated with antibiotics. However, as the early symptoms of the disease are rather vague, the disease is often diagnosed very late. Furthermore, antibiotics continue to loose their efficacy throughout the world.
Long-term dietary patterns are associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory features of the gut microbiome
Authors: Laura A Bolte, Arnau Vich Vila, Floris Imhann, Valerie Collij, Ranko Gacesa, Vera Peters, Cisca Wijmenga, Alexander Kurilshikov, Marjo J E Campmans-Kuijpers, Jingyuan Fu, Gerard Dijkstra, Alexandra Zhernakova, Rinse K Weersma
Journal: Gut (2021)

The microbiome directly affects the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in the gut. As microbes thrive on dietary substrates, the question arises whether we can nourish an anti-inflammatory gut ecosystem. We aim to unravel interactions between diet, gut microbiota and their functional ability to induce intestinal inflammation.We investigated the relation between 173 dietary factors and the microbiome of 1425 individuals spanning four cohorts: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and the general population. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed to profile gut microbial composition and function. Dietary intake was assessed through food frequency questionnaires. We performed unsupervised clustering to identify dietary patterns and microbial clusters. Associations between diet and microbial features were explored per cohort, followed by a meta-analysis and heterogeneity estimation.We identified 38 associations between dietary patterns and microbial clusters. Moreover, 61 individual foods and nutrients were associated with 61 species and 249 metabolic pathways in the meta-analysis across healthy individuals and patients with IBS, Crohn's disease and UC (false discovery rate<0.05). Processed foods and animal-derived foods were consistently associated with higher abundances of Firmicutes, Ruminococcus species of the Blautia genus and endotoxin synthesis pathways. The opposite was found for plant foods and fish, which were positively associated with short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals and pathways of nutrient metabolism.We identified dietary patterns that consistently correlate with groups of bacteria with shared functional roles in both, health and disease. Moreover, specific foods and nutrients were associated with species known to infer mucosal protection and anti-inflammatory effects. We propose microbial mechanisms through which the diet affects inflammatory responses in the gut as a rationale for future intervention studies.
Multivessel coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: a study with intracoronary injection of acetylcholine.
Authors: KOkumura, HYasue, YHorio, KTakaoka, KMatsuyama, KKugiyama, HFujii, YMorikami
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Multivessel coronary spasm has been described but its incidence in patients with variant angina still remains unclear. Thirty-three patients with variant angina were studied during coronary angiographic examination with selective intracoronary injection of acetylcholine (ACh). In all but three patients, the location of ischemia during attack was determined by the electrocardiographic findings, by exercise 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy, and by two-dimensional echocardiography during a hyperventilation test, and the coronary artery (or arteries) responsible for the attack was predicted before the study. ACh induced spasm of at least one coronary artery in all but one patient. ACh induced spasm of both the left and right coronary arteries (i.e., multivessel coronary spasm) in 24 patients: in two of the four patients who were predicted to have spasm of the left coronary artery, in six of the 11 predicted to have spasm of the right coronary artery, in 13 of the 15 predicted to have spasm of both the left and r...
Smooth muscle cell abundance and fibroblast growth factors in coronary lesions of patients with nonfatal unstable angina. A clue to the mechanism of transformation from the stable to the unstable clinical state.
Authors: M YFlugelman, RVirmani, RCorrea, Z XYu, AFarb, M BLeon, AElami, Y MFu, WCasscells, S EEpstein
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDThe mechanisms responsible for the transformation of stable angina to unstable angina, a major cause of morbidity and mortality, are commonly believed to be plaque rupture and thrombosis. We determined whether additional mechanisms are operative by analyzing the histopathology and immuno-histopathology of coronary plaques retrieved by directional atherectomy of patients with unstable angina in whom no intraluminal thrombus was demonstrated by angiography.METHODS AND RESULTSThe histological findings of atherectomy specimens from 34 patients with unstable angina were compared with those of 24 patients with postangioplasty restenosis, whose lesions are known to be composed of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and 10 patients with stable angina, whose lesions contain relatively few SMCs. We also studied the expression of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF), whose role in the vascular response to injury has been established. Specimens from unstable angina resembled those from postang...
<i>Myo</i>-Inositol, Probiotics, and Micronutrient Supplementation From Preconception for Glycemia in Pregnancy: NiPPeR International Multicenter Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Keith M. Godfrey, Sheila J. Barton, Sarah El-Heis, Timothy Kenealy, Heidi Nield, Philip N. Baker, Yap Seng Chong, Wayne Cutfield, Shiao-Yng Chan, Veronica Boyle, Shirong Cai, Ryan Carvalho, Julie Ann Guiao Castro, Mary Cavanagh, Hsin Fang Chang, Claudia Chi, Caroline E. Childs, Mary F. Chong, Cathryn Conlon, Cyrus Cooper, Paula Costello, Vanessa Cox, Marilou Ebreo, Judith Hammond, Nicholas C. Harvey, Richard Holt, Hazel M. Inskip, Mrunalini Jagtap, Neerja Karnani, Gene Jeon, Yung Seng Lee, Karen Lillycrop, See Ling Loy, Pamela A. Mahon, Chiara Nembrini, Sharon Ng, Justin M. O’Sullivan, Judith Ong, Gernalia Satianegara, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek, Shu E. Soh, Irma Silva-Zolezzi, Karen Tan, Vicky Tay, Rachael Taylor, Elizabeth Tham, Mya Thway Tint, Mark Vickers, Clare Wall, Gladys Woon, Wong Jui-Tsung Ray, Wei Ying, Mei Ling Chang, Hannah Yong
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE Better preconception metabolic and nutritional health are hypothesized to promote gestational normoglycemia and reduce preterm birth, but evidence supporting improved outcomes with nutritional supplementation starting preconception is limited. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This double-blind randomized controlled trial recruited from the community 1,729 U.K., Singapore, and New Zealand women aged 18–38 years planning conception. We investigated whether a nutritional formulation containing myo-inositol, probiotics, and multiple micronutrients (intervention), compared with a standard micronutrient supplement (control), taken preconception and throughout pregnancy could improve pregnancy outcomes. The primary outcome was combined fasting, 1-h, and 2-h postload glycemia (28 weeks gestation oral glucose tolerance test). RESULTS Between 2015 and 2017, participants were randomized to control (n = 859) or intervention (n = 870); 585 conceived within 1 year and completed the primary outcome (295 intervention, 290 control). In an intention-to-treat analysis adjusting for site, ethnicity, and preconception glycemia with prespecified P &amp;lt; 0.017 for multiplicity, there were no differences in gestational fasting, 1-h, and 2-h glycemia between groups (β [95% CI] loge mmol/L intervention vs. control −0.004 [−0.018 to 0.011], 0.025 [−0.014 to 0.064], 0.040 [0.004–0.077], respectively). Between the intervention and control groups there were no significant differences in gestational diabetes mellitus (24.8% vs. 22.6%, adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.22 [0.92–1.62]), birth weight (adjusted β = 0.05 kg [−0.03 to 0.13]), or gestational age at birth (mean 39.3 vs. 39.2 weeks, adjusted β = 0.20 [−0.06 to 0.46]), but there were fewer preterm births (5.8% vs. 9.2%, aRR 0.43 [0.22–0.82]), adjusting for prespecified covariates. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with myo-inositol, probiotics, and micronutrients preconception and in pregnancy did not lower gestational glycemia but did reduce preterm birth.
Antihypertensive drug therapy prevents cerebral microvascular abnormalities in hypertensive rats.
Authors: S LHarper
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Studies were performed on anesthetized 16-18 week old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats, and Goldblatt two-kidney one clip renal hypertensive rats, treated from age 4-5 weeks with an oral antihypertensive regimen consisting of hydralazine, reserpine, and chlorothiazide. Measurements of flow and intravascular pressure in the cerebral microvasculature were made via a constantly suffused open cranial window using video microscopy. A significant upward shift was seen in the pressure range for cerebral blood flow autoregulation in both groups of untreated hypertensive animals. Following treatment, the autoregulatory range in both hypertensive models was restored to a level nearly identical to control. The prevention of this shift in treated animals was due primarily to the prevention of structural microvascular adaptations that occur in untreated hypertensive animals. By preventing elevations in microvascular pressure, treatment may have eliminated the major stimulus for developme...
Prediction of Variceal Recurrence After Eradication: Comparison of Ten Non-Invasive Tests Performance
Authors: N Trad, M Ghanem, B Ben slimen, K Boughoula, B Sondes, H Ben abdallah, R Bouali, MN Abdelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Acute variceal bleeding(AVB) is a life-threatening complication of portal hypertension. its management is essentially based on endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL). Nevertheless, even after eradication of esophageal varices(EV), the risk of recurrence and therefore re-bleeding persists. Our objective was to compare the performance of ten non-invasive liver function tests in the prediction of variceal-recurrence(VR) after EV eradication in cirrhotic patients.
Acalabrutinib in treatment-naive chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: John C. Byrd, Jennifer A. Woyach, Richard R. Furman, Peter Martin, Susan O’Brien, Jennifer R. Brown, Deborah M. Stephens, Jacqueline C. Barrientos, Stephen Devereux, Peter Hillmen, John M. Pagel, Ahmed Hamdy, Raquel Izumi, Priti Patel, Min Hui Wang, Nitin Jain, William G. Wierda
Journal: Blood (2021)
Complement
Authors: Mark J. Walport
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Complement is part of the innate immune system and underlies one of the main effector mechanisms of antibody-mediated immunity. It has three overarching physiologic activities (Table 1): defending against pyogenic bacterial infection, bridging innate and adaptive immunity, and disposing of immune complexes and the products of inflammatory injury. In this review, each of these activities will be placed in a clinical context.Complement was first identified as a heat-labile principle in serum that “complemented” antibodies in the killing of bacteria. We now know that complement is a system of more than 30 proteins in plasma and on cell surfaces. Complement . . .
Positive inotropic effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide mediated by cyclic AMP in guinea pig heart.
Authors: TIshikawa, NOkamura, ASaito, TMasaki, KGoto
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The mechanism of cardiac actions of rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was analyzed on isolated guinea pig hearts. CGRP exerted a positive inotropic effect in a dose-dependent manner on the electrically driven left atria but not on the ventricles. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that CGRP-like immunoreactive nerves were distributed densely in the myocardia of the atria but only sparsely in those of the ventricles. The CGRP-induced augmentation of the contraction was accompanied by the shortening of the time to peak force and the increase in the relaxation velocity. The positive inotropic response to CGRP was significantly enhanced by isobutylmethylxanthine and was attenuated by adenosine. CGRP increased the action potential amplitude and prolonged action potential duration at the level of 50% repolarization in the left atria. In the preparations, which were partially depolarized with an increase in extracellular potassium, CGRP induced slow response action potentials. These electrophysiol...
Left ventricular diastolic chamber stiffness and intramyocardial coronary capacitance in isolated dog hearts.
Authors: JWatanabe, M JLevine, FBellotto, R GJohnson, WGrossman
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUNDBecause the myocardium is perfused primarily during diastole, changes in diastolic properties of the left ventricle (LV) should influence the intramyocardial circulation.METHODS AND RESULTSWe examined the influence of LV diastolic properties on the magnitude and localization of intramyocardial coronary capacitance by analyzing the coronary pressure-venous flow relation in isolated, isovolumic dog heart preparations. After sudden occlusion of the left coronary artery during a long diastole, we measured precapacitance and postcapacitance resistances (RPRE and RPOST) and calculated intramyocardial coronary capacitance (CIM) from RPOST and the time constant of the coronary venous flow decay. Using this method, we characterized the effects of coronary vasodilation, LV diastolic volume, and LV diastolic chamber stiffness on the coronary circulation. The magnitude of CIM increased from 0.09 +/- 0.01 to 0.24 +/- 0.20 mL.mm Hg-1 x 100 g-1 (P < .01) after adenosine-induced vasodilation, whereas both RPOST...
Mummification of the infarcted myocardium by high dose corticosteroids.
Authors: R AKloner, M CFishbein, HLew, P RMaroko, EBraunwald
Journal: Circulation (1978)

There is evidence that glucocorticoids reduce infarct size but their use in myocardial infarction remains controversial because of their potential adverse effects on healing of the infarct. To investigate the healing process, rats received either four parenteral doses of 50 mg/kg of methylprednisolone (MP) or saline 5 min, 3,6 and 24 hr after coronary occlusion and their hearts were examined by light and electron microscopy 48 hr and seven days after occlusion. At 48 hr, in five untreated rats, only 12 +/- 7% of injured myocytes showed the persistence of striations and a relatively intact sarcolemma despite loss of nuclei and hence appeared  whereas in six MP-treated rats 72 +/- 8% of myocytes exhibited this appearance (P less than 0.001). In treated rats there were fewer phagocytes than in controls. At seven days, in seven MP-rats, mummified cells were still more prominent than in five untreated rats and there were fewer phagocytes and less collagen. In conclusion, high dose of MP delays the i...
Intracellular sodium, membrane potential, and contractility of rat mesenteric small arteries.
Authors: M JMulvany, CAalkjaer, T TPetersen
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

We have investigated effects of altered extracellular sodium, intracellular sodium concentration, and membrane potential on the contractile responses of rat isolated mesenteric small arteries (internal diameter ca. 200 microns), when mounted as ring preparations on an isometric myograph. To avoid possible neural effects, all vessels were denervated in vitro using 6-hydroxydopamine. In unstimulated vessels, exposure to low-Na+ solutions (25 mM sodium, sucrose, or choline-substituted) did not cause any response nor did exposure to ouabain (1 mM) for 1 hour [when intracellular sodium concentration increased to 64 mmol/(liter-cell)]. However, a response was obtained if ouabain-exposed vessels were subjected to low-sodium solutions (ca. 15% of maximal response). The magnitude of the response was dependent on the ratio of intracellular to extracellular sodium and was not inhibitable by the calcium blockers, felodipine (1 nM) or D600 (10 microM). This response could therefore be explained in terms of Na-Ca excha...
EUS-Guided Gastrojejunostomy In Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction – Safety, Technical And Clinical Success
Authors: T Weber, SK Gölder, G Braun, H Messmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) caused by malignancy lays a high burden of suffering on affected patients. Symptom relief and restoring the capability of ingesting food orally is a major contribution to improve quality of life. Several treatment options for this clinical problem are available, e.g. balloon dilation of the stenosis, stenting or surgical gastrojejunostomy (GJ) can be performed.
Regional myocardial function in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. An echocardiographic study.
Authors: M VCohen, L BCooperman, RRosenblum
Journal: Circulation (1975)

To assess regional contractility in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), a primary myopathic disorder with documented hyperdynamic ventricular contractions, systolic wall thickening and velocity of contraction of the septum and left ventricular posterior wall were measured in echocardiograms from 16 patients with IHSS and 16 normal subjects. The average thickening of the normal septum and posterior wall was 75.9+/-8.8% and 84.8+/-6.3%, respectively. The posterior wall in IHSS thickened by 75.1+/-6.8%. None of these values differed significantly. However, the increase in thickness of the IHSS septum averaged 22.5+/-2.4%, significantly less than that of either the IHSS posterior wall or the normal septum. Velocity measurements confirmed the impression of diminished septal function. The mean velocity of normal septal contraction averaged 37.0+/-2.3 mm/sec, normal posterior wall 42.3+/-2.0 mm/sec and IHSS posterior wall 55.7+/-3.5 mm/sec, whereas the septum in IHSS contracted at the rate of 26.0...