tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 11336: Experience with an Institutional Guideline on Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Refractory in Hospital and Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Marie Oebo, Nils Lars Olof Lundgren, Sarah Maiken Delaïre, Helle Laugesen, Jan J Andreasen
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Aim: To compare survival rates in patients with refractory cardiac arrest treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) before and after implementation of an action card.The primary outcome was survival to discharge, and secondary outcomes were low-flow time and rate of cerebral complications. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of 37 patients treated with ECPR for refractory cardiac arrest. Information was obtained through medical records. Patients were categorized into two groups - before (BA) and after (AA) introduction of an action card. The card entailed inclusion and exclusion criteria used to evaluate the benefit of ECPR for any individual patient. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups.After the introduction of the action card, survival to discharge increased from 6.7 % to 18.2 % suggesting a trend toward improved survival, despite this finding being statistically insignificant (p = 0.629).Low-flow time was reduced from 100 (12-195) minutes to 66 (30-195) minutes and the upper extreme was reduced from 195 to 153 minutes, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.334).Cerebral factors contributed to significantly fewer deaths in AA compared with BA (p = 0.0022). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant improvement in survival rates nor a reduction in low-flow time after the implementation of an action card for the use of ECPR in patients with refractory CA. However, cerebral causes factored in fewer deaths and several patients survived despite meeting potential exclusion criteria outlined in local and international guidelines.
The Urgent Need for Affordability Curricula at US Medical Schools
Authors: Palak V. Patel, Alexa L. Lacy, Fumiko Chino
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Abstract 17160: Cardiac Sarcoidosis Mimicking Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Presenting With Syncope
Authors: Ling Kuo, Wen-Chung Yu, Yenn-Jiang Lin, Po-Kuei Hsu, Satoshi Higa
Journal: Circulation (2021)

A 35-year-old previous healthy man presented with palpitations and nearly syncope. Electrocardiography showed first degree atrioventricular block (PR interval 316 milliseconds) and premature ventricular complex (PVC) possibly originating from right ventricle (RV). The transthoracic echocardiography disclosed dilated RV with preserved right ventricular systolic function with a RV systolic pressure of 33mmHg, and thickened interventricular septum (12.7mm) with normal left ventricular size and function. At this point, the initial diagnosis was arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) with ventricular arrhythmias. The 24-hour Holter study showed 904 monomorphic PVCs and short-run ventricular tachycardia. The chest computed tomography demonstrated dilated RV with scalloping over free wall and multiple lung nodules mainly located in both upper lung fields (Figure A&amp;B). Radiofrequency catheter ablation and implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator were suggested under the impression of ARVC. Therefore, he visited our hospital for second opinion. Since the diseased conduction system was unusual in patient with ARVC, CMR imaging was performed which revealed late gadolinium enhancement over both ventricles and basal interventricular septum (Figure C), raising the suspicion of cardiac sarcoidosis. Thereafter, the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-Positron Emission Tomography study was arranged and showed FDG uptake over basal septum and lateral wall of LV, and multiple lung nodules (Figure D). Endomyocardial biopsy of RV showed myocardial fibrosis without a specific diagnosis. Thoracoscopic wedge resection of the lung nodule was performed, and pathology showed non-necrotizing granulomas distributed along with broncho-vascular bundles and subpleural area. No microorganism could be demonstrated. Sarcoidosis with cardiac and pulmonary involvement was impressed. Further steroid treatment will be initiated.
Identification of phenotypes in paediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a latent class analysis
Authors: Mary K Dahmer, Guangyu Yang, Min Zhang, Michael W Quasney, Anil Sapru, Heidi M Weeks, Pratik Sinha, Martha A Q Curley, Kevin L Delucchi, Carolyn S Calfee, Heidi Flori, Michael A Matthay, Scot T Bateman, Marc D Berg, Santiago Borasino, Gokul K Bysani, Allison S Cowl, Cindy D Bowens, Vincent S Faustino, Lori D Fineman, Aaron J Godshall, Eliotte L Hirshberg, Aileen L Kirby, Gwenn E McLaughlin, Shivanand S Medar, Phineas P Oren, James B Schneider, Adam J Schwarz, Thomas P Shanley, Lauren R Source, Edward J Truemper, Michele A Vender Heyden, Kimberly Wittmayer, Athena F Zuppa, David Wypij
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2021)
Abstract 13623: Predicting Acute Kidney Injury Using Biomarkers of Renal Injury Following Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Rahul D Pawar, Lara L Roessler, Mahmoud S Issa, Anne V Grossestreuer, Mathias Johan J Holmberg, Andrew Cole, Xiaowen Liu, Michael Donnino, Ari Moskowitz
Journal: Circulation (2021)

Aim: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac arrest (CA) is common and associated with worse outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the performance of kidney specific biomarkers including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin-C in predicting AKI post-CA as compared to serum creatinine. Methods: Patients with kidney specific biomarkers collected as part of randomized trials conducted in adult post-CA populations (NCT02260258, NCT01319110) were included. Patients with Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) stage III AKI immediately after enrollment and patients not enrolled at the coordinating center were excluded. Creatinine, KIM-1, NGAL and cystatin-C were measured immediately before enrollment. The primary outcome measure was KDIGO stage III AKI in the first 7-days after enrollment. We determined the association and discrimination of renal biomarkers with relation to KDIGO stage III AKI. Results: Of 63 patients included, 12 (19.1%) developed stage III AKI and 40 (63.5%) died prior to hospital discharge. As compared to patients who did not develop stage III AKI, those who developed stage III AKI had higher baseline serum creatinine (1.75 [IQR:1.3, 2.75] vs 1.3 [1.1, 1.7], p=0.04), higher NGAL (879 [IQR: 442,1194] vs 234 [IQR: 163, 482], p&lt;0.001) and higher cystatin-C (2567 [IQR: 1222,3835] vs 1248 [IQR: 808,1691], p=0.01). There was no difference in KIM-1 (-1.70 [IQR: -2.79, -0.40] vs -1.87 [IQR: -2.70, -1.27], p=0.57). Of the various biomarkers, NGAL measured early after return of spontaneous circulation had the highest discrimination for the future development of stage III AKI [AUROC 0.81 (95%CI:0.69-0.93)] as compared to creatinine [AUROC 0.69 (95%CI: 0.51-0.87)], and cystatin-C [AUROC 0.74 (95%CI:0.57-0.90)] though the difference in AUROC was not significant (p&gt;0.05 for all comparisons). KIM-1 had lowest discrimination [AUROC 0.55 (95%CI:0.34-0.76)]. Conclusion: In post-CA patients enrolled in the two clinical trials, NGAL measured early after CA had the highest discrimination for the development of stage III AKI though the discrimination was not significant compared to creatinine possibly due to small sample size.
Playing dirty with virus transmission
Authors: Christin Herrmann, Ken Cadwell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2021)

In this issue of JEM, Fay et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20211220) cohouse dirty pet store mice and rats with clean laboratory mice to gain insights into infection dynamics, discover new viruses, and identify relationships between viruses and the microbiome.
Costs and impact on HIV transmission of a switch from a criminalisation to a public health approach to injecting drug use in eastern Europe and central Asia: a modelling analysis
Authors: Zoe Ward, Jack Stone, Chrissy Bishop, Viktor Ivakin, Ksenia Eritsyan, Anna Deryabina, Andrea Low, Javier Cepeda, Sherrie L Kelly, Robert Heimer, Robert Cook, Frederick L Altice, Taylor Litz, Assel Terlikbayeva, Nabila El-Bassel, Denis Havarkov, Alena Fisenka, Anelia Boshnakova, Andrey Klepikov, Tetiana Saliuk, Tetiana Deshko, Peter Vickerman
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2021)
In paroxysmal AF, first-line catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drugs reduces atrial arrhythmia recurrence
Authors: Laura Rees Willett, Sarang Kim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Source Citation Imberti JF, Ding WY, Kotalczyk A, et al. Catheter ablation as first-line treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2021;107:1630-6. 34261737
Error in Byline
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Ophelia Yin, MD; Aneesh Kallapur, MBBS; Lisa Coscia, RN, BSN; Lorna Kwan, MPH; Megha Tandel, MPH; Serban Constantinescu, MD, PhD; Michael J. Moritz, MD; Yalda Afshar, MD, PhD
Advances in the design and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
Authors: Xue-Liang Peng, Ji-Si-Yu Cheng, Hai-Lun Gong, Meng-Di Yuan, Xiao-Hong Zhao, Zibiao Li, Dai-Xu Wei
Journal: Military Medical Research (2021)

Abstract Since the end of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2, which is highly infectious and prone to rapid mutation, encodes both structural and nonstructural proteins. Vaccination is currently the only effective method to prevent COVID-19, and structural proteins are critical targets for vaccine development. Currently, many vaccines are in clinical trials or are already on the market. This review highlights ongoing advances in the design of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines against COVID-19, including viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines and bionic nanoparticle vaccines. In addition to traditional inactivated virus vaccines, some novel vaccines based on viral vectors, nanoscience and synthetic biology also play important roles in combating COVID-19. However, many challenges persist in ongoing clinical trials.
Contraception Selection, Effectiveness, and Adverse Effects
Authors: Stephanie Teal, Alison Edelman
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Many women spend a substantial proportion of their lives preventing or planning for pregnancy, and approximately 87% of US women use contraception during their lifetime.Contraceptive effectiveness is determined by a combination of drug or device efficacy, individual fecundability, coital frequency, and user adherence and continuation. In the US, oral contraceptive pills are the most commonly used reversible method of contraception and comprise 21.9% of all contraception in current use. Pregnancy rates of women using oral contraceptives are 4% to 7% per year. Use of long-acting methods, such as intrauterine devices and subdermal implants, has increased substantially, from 6% of all contraceptive users in 2008 to 17.8% in 2016; these methods have failure rates of less than 1% per year. Estrogen-containing methods, such as combined oral contraceptive pills, increase the risk of venous thrombosis from 2 to 10 venous thrombotic events per 10 000 women-years to 7 to 10 venous thrombotic events per 10 000 women-years, whereas progestin-only and nonhormonal methods, such as implants and condoms, are associated with rare serious risks. Hormonal contraceptives can improve medical conditions associated with hormonal changes related to the menstrual cycle, such as acne, endometriosis, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Optimal contraceptive selection requires patient and clinician discussion of the patient's tolerance for risk of pregnancy, menstrual bleeding changes, other risks, and personal values and preferences.Oral contraceptive pills are the most commonly used reversible contraceptives, intrauterine devices and subdermal implants have the highest effectiveness, and progestin-only and nonhormonal methods have the lowest risks. Optimal contraceptive selection incorporates patient values and preferences.
Authors’ correction for Euro Surveill. 2021;26(43)
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2021)

© This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Closure This is a corrected article applying to the following content: Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 followed by community and nosocomial spread, Germany, February to May 2020
DDRE-15. Sema3C SIGNALING CONFERS RESISTANCE TO Wnt INHIBITION IN GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Jing Hao, Xiangzi Han, Haidong Huang, xingjiang yu, Shideng Bao, Richard Prayson, Jennifer Yu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Wnt signaling is widely dysregulated in cancer. The therapeutic potential of Wnt inhibitors appears promising in preclinical studies. However, they have uniformly failed clinical trials. How cancer cells develop Wnt inhibitor resistance is poorly understood. Current Wnt inhibitors are designed targeting either ligand or receptor. We hypothesized cancer cells will bypass ligand-receptor interaction through an unknown mechanism. We focused on the neurodevelopmental signaling program of Semaphorin 3C (Sema3C) that is upregulated in 85% of GBM and regulates glioma stem-cell-driven tumor progression. RESULTS Porcupine inhibitor LGK974 reduced TCF1 expression in the GBM tumor mouse models, suggesting successful target engagement in vivo. However, it failed to prolong the overall survival. Sema3C expression strongly correlated with TCF1 expression in human GBM samples by immunohistochemical analysis. Genetic inhibition of Sema3C and TCF1 together prolonged animal survival more than either alone, indicating better control of Wnt pathway signaling with dual pathway blockade. Immunofluorescence and cell fractionation studies revealed that Sema3C signaling drove β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Sema3C regulates transactivation of Wnt target genes including TCF1, c-Myc and c-Met. Sema3C pathway activates Rac1. It is reported that Rac1 activates β-catenin and promotes β-catenin nuclear accumulation. In GSCs, constitutively active Rac1 restored β-catenin nuclear localization and rescued TCF1 and c-Myc down-regulation in the setting of Sema3C silencing. Sema3C can drive canonical Wnt signaling even when Wnt ligand secretion is blocked. Together, the data support that GSCs can escape Wnt inhibition through Sema3C and Rac1. CONCLUSIONS Sema3C signaling drives canonical Wnt signaling, providing an escape mechanism for cancer cells despite Wnt ligand-receptor interruption. Sema3C-β-catenin signaling promotes GSC self-renewal and tumor progression. Upstream Wnt pathway inhibition alone is insufficient to control tumors. Our data provide a therapeutic strategy of dual blockade of Wnt and Sema3C pathways to provide clinically significant tumor control.
Anti-PEG antibodies compromise the integrity of PEGylated lipid-based nanoparticles via complement
Authors: Mariona Estapé Senti, Caroline A. de Jongh, Kim Dijkxhoorn, Johan J.F. Verhoef, Janos Szebeni, Gert Storm, C. Erik Hack, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Marcel H. Fens, Peter Boross
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2021)

PEGylation of lipid-based nanoparticles and other nanocarriers is widely used to increase their stability and plasma half-life. However, either pre-existing or de novo formed anti-PEG antibodies can induce hypersensitivity reactions and accelerated blood clearance through binding to the nanoparticle surfaces, leading to activation of the complement system. In this study, we investigated the consequences and mechanisms of complement activation by anti-PEG antibodies interacting with different types of PEGylated lipid-based nanoparticles. By using both liposomes loaded with different (model) drugs and LNPs loaded with mRNA, we demonstrate that complement activation triggered by anti-PEG antibodies can compromise the bilayer/surface integrity, leading to premature drug release or exposure of their mRNA contents to serum proteins. Anti-PEG antibodies also can induce deposition of complement fragments onto the surface of PEGylated lipid-based nanoparticles and induce the release of fluid phase complement activation products. The role of the different complement pathways activated by lipid-based nanoparticles was studied using deficient sera and/or inhibitory antibodies. We identified a major role for the classical complement pathway in the early activation events leading to the activation of C3. Our data also confirm the essential role of amplification of C3 activation by alternative pathway components in the lysis of liposomes. Finally, the levels of pre-existing anti-PEG IgM antibodies in plasma of healthy donors correlated with the degree of complement activation (fixation and lysis) induced upon exposure to PEGylated liposomes and mRNA-LNPs. Taken together, anti-PEG antibodies trigger complement activation by PEGylated lipid-based nanoparticles, which can potentially compromise their integrity, leading to premature drug release or cargo exposure to serum proteins.
Tumor metastasis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Mengmeng Liu, Jing Yang, Bushu Xu, Xing Zhang
Journal: MedComm (2021)

Abstract Cancer metastasis is responsible for the vast majority of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. In contrast to numerous discoveries that reveal the detailed mechanisms leading to the formation of the primary tumor, the biological underpinnings of the metastatic disease remain poorly understood. Cancer metastasis is a complex process in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor, settle, and grow at other parts of the body. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance of tumor cells are the main forces to promote metastasis, and multiple components in the tumor microenvironment and their complicated crosstalk with cancer cells are closely involved in distant metastasis. In addition to the three cornerstones of tumor treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, novel treatment approaches including targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been established in patients with metastatic cancer. Although the cancer survival rate has been greatly improved over the years, it is still far from satisfactory. In this review, we provided an overview of the metastasis process, summarized the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the dissemination and distant metastasis of cancer cells, and reviewed the important advances in interventions for cancer metastasis.
Correction: Efficacy and safety of cold versus hot snare polypectomy for small (5–9 mm) colorectal polyps: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Marina de Benito Sanz, Luis Hernández, María Isabel Garcia Martinez, Pilar Diez-Redondo, Diana Joao Matias, Jesús M. Gonzalez-Santiago, Mercedes Ibáñez, María Henar Núñez Rodríguez, Marta Cimavilla, Carla Tafur, Laura Mata, Antonio Guardiola-Arévalo, Jorge Feito, Francisco Javier García-Alonso
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Correction to: Efficacy and safety of cold versus hot snare polypectomy for small (5–9 mm) colorectal polyps: a multicenter randomized controlled trialEndoscopy 2022; 54(01): 35-44DOI: 10.1055/a-1327-8357
Evaluation of Factors Relevant to Pain Control Among Patients After Surgical Treatment
Authors: Natalie B. Baxter, Hoyune E. Cho, Jessica I. Billig, Sandra V. Kotsis, Steven C. Haase, Kevin C. Chung
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

<h3>Importance</h3> Opioids are often prescribed after elective surgical treatment despite the potential for misuse. Although various pain control regimens exist, patient preferences for acute postoperative pain management are unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe patient-reported key attributes of postoperative pain management. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This decision analytical model used responses from a survey based on conjoint analysis to investigate the value patients placed on different aspects of postoperative pain management. Participants were patients aged 18 years or older who underwent elective hand surgical procedures between July 1, 2018, and July 23, 2019, at a single academic center. The survey was completed on a web-based platform and took place between November 2019 and January 2020. Data were analyzed from May through July 2021. <h3>Exposures</h3> Participants were presented with a series of discrete-choice tasks and asked to select between 2 postoperative medication options that changed from question to question and had varying characteristics. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Attribute importance scores and part-worth utility values for the queried aspects of pain control were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> Of 710 individuals invited, 321 (45.2%) completed the survey; there were 212 (66.0%) women and 108 (33.6%) men, and the most common age category was 60 to 69 years (102 participants [31.8%]). Most patients reported previous opioid use (282 individuals [87.9%]). Factors in the decision-making process with the highest attribute importance scores (SDs) were risk of addiction (26.3% [13.0%]) and amount of pain relief (25.6% [14.6%]). Adverse effects 13.9% (7.2%), functional independence 11.8% (7.3%), and level of trust in the prescriber 11.4% (5.8%) had intermediate attribute importance scores (SDs). Cost 7.9% (4.4%) and stigma 3.1% (1.3%) had the lowest attribute importance scores (SDs) in patient decisions. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that multimodal pain control regimens that are associated with optimized pain relief and minimized risk of addiction are preferable to treat acute postoperative pain. The results suggest that identifying procedures for which patients prioritize minimizing risk of addiction over pain relief and incorporating patient preferences into decision-making may be associated with decreased postoperative opioid prescribing.
Correction: Pre-emptive Short-term Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Treatment in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

I. Yasuda, K. Hasegawa, Y. Sakamaki, H. Muraoka, T. Kawaguchi, E. Kusahana, T. Ono, T. Kanda, H. Tokuyama, S. Wakino, H. Itoh: Pre-emptive Short-term Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Treatment in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 32: 1355–1370, 2021. The [Figure 3][1] in the