tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Report of the Conference on Low Blood Cholesterol: Mortality Associations.
Authors: DJacobs, HBlackburn, MHiggins, DReed, HIso, GMcMillan, JNeaton, JNelson, JPotter, BRifkind
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUNDA National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Conference was held October 9-10, 1990, to review and discuss existing data on U-shaped relations found between mortality rates and blood total cholesterol levels (TC) in some but not other studies. Presentations were given from 19 cohort studies from the United States, Europe, Israel, and Japan. A representative of each study presented its findings and also submitted tables of proportional hazards regression coefficients for entry TC levels in regard to death, and these were incorporated into a formal statistical overview adjusted for age, diastolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, body mass index, and alcohol intake, as available.METHODS AND RESULTSThe U-shape for total mortality in men and the flat relation in women resulted largely from a positive relation of TC with coronary heart disease death and an inverse relation with deaths caused by some cancers (e.g., lung but not colon), respiratory disease, digestive disease, trauma, and residu...
Intracoronary infusion of prostaglandin I2 attenuates arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in conscious dogs.
Authors: M JPanzenbeck, WTan, M AHajdu, I HZucker
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) is known to stimulate ventricular C fiber receptors resulting in a Bezold-Jarisch-like reflex. Also, cardiac receptor stimulation is known to interact with the expression of arterial baroreflexes. Therefore, experiments were performed to determine the effects of left circumflex coronary artery infusion of PGI2 on the baroreflex control of heart rate in conscious instrumented dogs. Dogs were instrumented chronically with an aortic catheter for the measurement of mean aortic pressure, hydraulic occluder cuffs on the descending aorta and inferior vena cava, a left ventricular catheter for the measurement of left ventricular pressure and heart rate, and a nonocclusive catheter in the left circumflex coronary artery. At the time of experimentation, arterial pressure was altered randomly in steps by partially inflating the occluders. Mean arterial pressure-heart curves (baroreflex curves) were constructed by fitting the data to a logistic curve by nonlinear regression. PGI2 infused into ...
Abnormal exercise hemodynamics in patients with normal systolic function late after aortic valve replacement.
Authors: E SMonrad, O MHess, TMurakami, HNonogi, W JCorin, H PKrayenbuehl
Journal: Circulation (1988)

We studied the hemodynamic response to supine bicycle exercise in 20 patients late (10 +/- 2 years) after aortic valve replacement (for aortic stenosis in 12 patients, aortic insufficiency in six patients, and for combined stenosis and insufficiency in two patients). The pulmonary artery wedge pressure was obtained with a pulmonary artery balloon catheter, and left ventriculography was performed by digital-subtraction angiography after injection of radiographic contrast into the pulmonary artery. These patients were compared with 11 control subjects with no or minimal cardiac disease studied routinely for evaluation of chest pain in whom left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a direct contrast ventriculogram were obtained. Compared with the control population, the study population had similar left heart filling pressures (7 +/- 3 vs 9 +/- 3 mm Hg, NS), but higher left ventricular ejection fractions (75 +/- 7% vs 67 +/- 7%, p less than .02) and higher left ventricular muscle mass indexes (106 +/- 28 v...
Acute liver failure in India
Authors: M Khuroo
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

QT Prolongation in End-Stage Liver Disease: A Result of Altered Sex Hormone Metabolism? course, findings consistent with the proposed androgen-car-To the Editor: diac interaction would not constitute definitive proof of the I read with great interest the paper by Mohamed et al. 1 hypothesis, nor would possible parallel mechanisms (e.g., documenting a prolonged QT cmax in patients with end-stage autonomic) necessarily be excluded.liver disease that shortens after liver transplantation.TheThe findings of Mohamed et al. 1 raise the intriguing possiauthors were able to exclude alterations in serum electrolyte bility that end-stage liver disease may serve as an unanticilevels as etiologic and suggested, instead, an autonomic pated natural experimental model for probing the recently mechanism on the basis of evidence of changes in indices appreciated relationship between sex hormones and cardiac of sympathetic and parasympathetic tone in many of the repolarization.patients.An alternative explanation for the described QT-interval MICHAEL H. LEHMANN, M.D. changes worthy of consideration involves the well-known Sinai Hospital/Arrhythmia Center disturbances in sex hormone metabolism found in advanced 14800 West McNichols, Suite 410 liver disease. 2 A consistent sex disparity in the pathophysiol-Detroit, MI ogy of cardiac repolarization has recently emerged: women REFERENCES not only have a longer baseline rate-corrected QT interval 3 but also are more prone to polymorphic ventricular tachyar-1.Mohamed R, Forsey PR, Davies MK, Neuberger JM.Effect of liver transplantation on QT interval prolongation and autonomic dysfunction in rhythmias (torsade de pointes) arising in various settings of end-stage liver disease.
A comparison of quantitative echocardiographic methods for delineating infarct-induced abnormal wall motion.
Authors: L DGillam, R DHogan, R AFoale, T DFranklin, J BNewell, D EGuyer, A EWeyman
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Current echocardiographic methods for quantitating abnormal regional left ventricular wall motion rely primarily on changes in endocardial excusion from end-diastole to end-systole. Recent studies demonstrating important spatial and temporal heterogeneity in wall motion within ischemic regions, however, raise questions about the validity of this approach. To determine the optimal method for defining abnormal left ventricular wall motion, we used a canine preparation of acute experimental infarction to examine four quantitative methods of wall motion analysis. The circumferential extent of abnormal wall motion assessed by each method was compared with the circumferential extent of infarction (defined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining) and the circumferential extent of reduced transmural blood flow (determined by radiolabeled microsphere techniques) 6 hr after acute coronary occlusion. The following methods of quantitating abnormal wall motion were examined: (1) determination of end-diastolic to end...
Statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Catherine M Otto
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Patients need better tools to navigate divergent recommendations

Statins are beneficial in patients with known cardiovascular disease (CVD) but less well established for primary prevention in asymptomatic patients.1 At least five authoritative guidelines, including the recent publication from the US Preventive Services Task Force, cover this issue.2 3 4 5 6 7 Their differing recommendations, however, suggest considerable uncertainty in the underlying data, causing confusion for both clinicians and patients.

The guidelines share several common themes. The essential elements for primary prevention include a healthy lifestyle, treatment of modifiable risk factors, and measurement of serum lipid concentrations in patients aged over 40 years. They agree that statins are appropriate in patients with a high risk of cardiovascular disease—for example, people over 40 with diabetes. All guidelines also recommend statins in other patients with increased cardiovascular risk but with considerable divergence in the details.

The US task force guideline recommends initiating low-to-moderate dose statins in adults aged 40 to 75 years without a history of cardiovascular disease who have at least one risk factor (dyslipidaemia, diabetes, hypertension, or smoking) and a …
Restenosis after balloon angioplasty. A practical proliferative model in porcine coronary arteries.
Authors: R SSchwartz, J GMurphy, W DEdwards, A RCamrud, R EVliestra, D RHolmes
Journal: Circulation (1990)

A model of proliferative human restenosis was developed in domestic pigs by using deep injury to the coronary arterial media. Metal wire coils were delivered percutaneously to the coronary arteries of 11 pigs with an oversized, high-pressure (14 atm) balloon and were left in place for times ranging from 28 to 70 days. During placement, the balloon expanded the coils and delivered them securely within the arterial lumen. Light microscopic examination of the vessels confirmed fracture of the internal elastic lamina by the coil. An extensive proliferative response occurred in 10 of the 11 pigs and was associated with a luminal area narrowing of at least 50% in all but one pig. The histopathologic features of the proliferative response were identical to those observed in human cases of restenosis after angioplasty. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the prominence of smooth muscle cells in the proliferative tissue. A similar response was obtained in two of five porcine coronary arteries in which balloon in...
Bosutinib Vs Imatinib for Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in the BFORE Trial: 18 Month Follow-up
Authors: Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Michael W. Deininger, Michael J. Mauro, Charles Chuah, Dong-Wook Kim, Iryna Dyagil, Natalia Glushko, Dragana Milojkovic, Philipp D. le Coutre, Valentín García Gutiérrez, Rocco J. Crescenzo, Eric Leip, Nathalie Bardy-Bouxin, Andrea Hochhaus, Timothy H. Brümmendorf, Jorge E. Cortes
Journal: Blood (2017)
Precision of measurements of right and left ventricular volume by cine computed tomography.
Authors: S JReiter, J ARumberger, A JFeiring, WStanford, M LMarcus
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Precise determination of left and right ventricular stroke volumes is limited with conventional imaging techniques. We determined whether right and left ventricular stroke volumes could be precisely measured with cine computed tomography (CT). Cine CT enables simultaneous imaging of the right and left ventricles at an 8 mm slice thickness with a maximal scanning rate of 17 frames/sec (50 msec acquisition intervals). In eight dogs, true right ventricular and left ventricular stroke volumes were determined by dividing thermodilution cardiac output by heart rate and/or with the use of an aortic electromagnetic flow probe implanted over a long term. After at least 5 sec of suspended respiration, cine CT images were acquired during central venous injection of a nonionic contrast agent. Multiple perturbations in stroke volume were induced in each dog by the administration of dobutamine, sodium pentobarbital, or sodium nitroprusside or by coronary artery occlusion. Right and left ventricular stroke volumes were ...
Effect of exercise on erythrocyte count and blood activity concentration after technetium-99m in vivo red blood cell labeling.
Authors: M AKonstam, STu'meh, JWynne, J RBeck, JKozlowski, B LHolman
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We studied the effect of exercise on blood radiotracer concentration after technetium-99m in vivo red blood cell labeling. After red blood cell labeling, 13 subjects underwent maximal supine bicycle exercise. Radioactivity, analyzed with a well counter, was measured in heparinized venous blood samples drawn at rest and during peak exercise. Changes in activity were compared with changes in erythrocyte count. Activity and erythrocyte counts increased during exercise in all 13 subjects. Percent increase in activity correlated with percent increase in erythrocyte count (r = -0.78), but did not correlate with either duration of exercise or maximal heart rate. Twenty minutes after termination of exercise, activity and erythrocyte count had decreased from peak exercise values but remained higher than preexercise values. In nine nonexercised control subjects, samples drawn 20 minutes apart showed no change in activity or in erythrocyte count. We conclude that exercise increases blood activity, primarily because ...
Lack of evidence for the participation of tonin in the pathogenesis of one-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension.
Authors: SSeto, S FRabito, A GScicli, O ACarretero
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

It has been reported that immunization against tonin normalizes blood pressure, and that sialoadenectomy, during which the tonin-rich salivary glands are removed, decreases blood pressure in one-kidney, one-clip hypertension. To investigate the role of tonin on this form of hypertension further, we actively immunized one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rabbits with tonin and measured both the blood pressure response and the titer of antibodies raised against tonin. In addition, because sialoadenectomy may alter food intake, we assessed the effect of sialoadenectomy on the blood pressure of one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats fed a liquid diet to facilitate eating. After immunization, all rabbits developed antitonin-antibody titers ranging from 1:300 to 1:56,000. However, in none of the rabbits did the blood pressure decrease significantly (114 +/- 3 mm Hg before immunization; 129 +/- 6 mm Hg at 16 weeks after immunization). In one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats, sialoadenectomy did not lower blood pr...
Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to aggregating platelets and related vasoactive substances in porcine coronary arteries in hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
Authors: HShimokawa, P MVanhoutte
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Vasoconstrictor responses are augmented in porcine coronary arteries in hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, leading to an occurrence of coronary vasospasm in the latter condition. The role of the endothelium in the vascular hyperreactivity in hypercholesterolemic and atherosclerotic coronary arteries was examined, particularly in response to aggregating and related vasoactive substances. Male Yorkshire pigs underwent balloon endothelial denudation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and 2% high-cholesterol feeding for 10 weeks. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated a full lining of endothelial cells in the LAD and the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). Endothelium-dependent responses were examined in vitro. In cholesterol-fed animals, endothelium-dependent relaxations to aggregating platelets, serotonin, ADP, bradykinin, thrombin, and the calcium ionophore A23187 were depressed in LAD (atherosclerosis), while the relaxations to aggregating platelets, serotonin and ADP w...
Transient responses of rabbit cerebral blood vessels to norepinephrine: correlation with intrinsic myogenic tone.
Authors: J ABevan
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

Transient contractile responses to norepinephrine (NE) of vascular segments from the rabbit vertebral, internal carotid, and basilar arteries rise to a peak within several seconds, and in the presence of the agonist, reverse rapidly, relaxing with a half-time of 15 +/- 3.2 seconds. In the basilar artery, peak contraction is approximately 25% of the maximum response mediated via the alpha-like adrenoreceptors and is elicited by NE 10(-7) M. Steady state contractions are seen with higher concentrations. Transient contractile responses are absent in segments from the brachiocephalic and external carotid arteries, and their incidence increases the more rostral along the length of the vertebral and internal carotid artery the origin of the segment studied. They were seen in all preparations of the intracranial vertebral and basilar arteries. There is a good correlation between the occurrence in any particular vascular segment of the transient contractile response and intrinsic tone as assessed by relaxation ...
Prior Treatment with Statins is Associated with Improved Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19: Data from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry
Authors: José David Torres-Peña, Luis M. Pérez-Belmonte, Francisco Fuentes-Jiménez, Mª Dolores López Carmona, Pablo Pérez-Martinez, José López-Miranda, Francisco Javier Carrasco Sánchez, Juan Antonio Vargas Núñez, Esther del Corral Beamonte, Jeffrey Oskar Magallanes Gamboa, Andrés González García, Julio González Moraleja, Andrés Cortés Troncoso, María Luisa Taboada Martínez, María del Pilar del Fidalgo Montero, José Miguel Seguí Ripol, Ricardo Gil Sánchez, Diana Alegre González, Ramon Boixeda, Begoña Cortés Rodríguez, Javier Ena, Gema María García García, Ana Ventura Esteve, José Manuel Ramos Rincón, Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
Journal: Drugs (2021)
Characterization of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in rat heart.
Authors: L ASechi, C AGriffin, E FGrady, J EKalinyak, MSchambelan
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Angiotensin II exerts positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the mammalian heart by binding to specific membrane receptors. Recently, two subtypes of angiotensin II receptors (AT1 and AT2) have been distinguished by using the nonpeptide antagonists losartan (previously known as DuP 753) and PD123177. To evaluate the tissue distribution and subtypes of angiotensin II receptors in rat heart, we performed a 125I-[Sar1,Ile8]angiotensin II in situ binding assay on tissue sections obtained from adult Sprague-Dawley rats (10 and 14 weeks old). Binding specificity was verified by competition with unlabeled [Sar1]angiotensin II. Distribution of AT1 and AT2 receptors was determined by competition with losartan and PD123177, respectively, and the density of the receptors was quantified by emulsion autoradiography. Angiotensin II receptors were widely distributed throughout the heart, with each receptor subtype accounting for approximately 50% of the specific binding. Binding density was comparable in the atr...
Ejection fraction response to exercise in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms.
Authors: R JGibbons, K LLee, FCobb, R HJones
Journal: Circulation (1981)

In this study we describe the ejection fraction response to upright exercise using first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography in a group of 60 patients with chest pain, normal coronary arteriograms and normal resting ventricular function. A wide range of resting function (heart rate and ejection fraction) and exercise function (heart rate, ejection fraction, peak work load and estimated peak oxygen uptake) were measured. The ejection fraction response to exercise demonstrated wide variation, ranging from a decrease of 23% to an increase of 24%. Six of 22 clinical and radionuclide angiocardiographic variables (resting ejection fraction, peak work load, age, sex, body surface area and the change in end-diastolic volume index with exercise) were significant univariate predictors of the ejection fraction response to exercise. Multivariable analysis identified resting ejection fraction, the change in end-diastolic volume index with exercise and either sex or peak work load as variables that provided significant...
From the authors
Authors: E. Kostadima, S. Tsiodras, E. Alexopoulos, A. Kaditis, I. Mavrou, N. Georgatou, A. Papamichalopoulos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Furthermore, it has been shown that in asthmatics treated with budesonide in a dose-escalation study, AMP was more sensitive than methacholine in detecting differences in AHR by approximately one doubling dilution [5].Despite improvements in airway hyperresponsiveness, clarithromycin conferred no worthwhile improvement upon lung function.Therefore, the study by KOSTADIMA et al.[1] provides a timely reminder that monitoring the effects of asthma pharmacotherapy based solely on lung function can miss potentially beneficial effects upon airway hyperresponsiveness and underlying inflammation [6].Further long-term studies are needed to assess whether effects upon airway hyperresponsiveness with clarithromycin translate into clinically meaningful reductions in exacerbations.Moreover, whether macrolides confer benefit upon inflammatory biomarkers, such as airway hyperresponsiveness to adenosine monophosphate and sputum eosinophilia, requires investigation.
Effectiveness of Gastric Electrical Stimulation is Related with Regional Expression Of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Porcine Stomach
Authors: SH Kim, HB Kim, HJ Chun, HS Choi, ES Kim, B Keum, MK Joo, BJ Lee, JJ Park
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Aims Stomach is composed with several types of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Among ICCs, myenteric ICC (ICC-MY) serve as a pacemaker which creates the bioelelctrical slow wave potential that leads to contraction of the smooth muscle. Moreover, the ICC-MY responses to an external electrical stimulation. We performed to investigate a proper electrical parameter to cause resonance of contraction of muscle.
Risk factors for the development of prosthetic valve endocarditis.
Authors: S BCalderwood, L ASwinski, C MWaternaux, A WKarchmer, M JBuckley
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Risk factors for the development of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) were analyzed in 2642 patients undergoing initial valve replacement at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1975 to 1982. Follow-up was available for 2608 patients (98.7%); the mean length of follow-up was 39.8 months. PVE developed in 116 patients (4.4%). The actuarial risk of PVE was 3.1% at 12 months and 5.7% at 60 months. A Cox model was used to identify risk factors for PVE. Recipients of multiple valves had a higher risk of PVE than single valves (p = .01). There was no difference in the risk of PVE for patients receiving aortic valves vs those receiving mitral valves. Recipients of mechanical valves had a higher risk of PVE than recipients of porcine valves in the first 3 months after surgery (p = .02), but the risk of PVE was higher for porcine valve recipients 12 months or more after surgery (p = .004). Despite this difference in the time course of development of PVE, there was no significant difference in the cumulative r...
Short-term diabetes alters K+ currents in rat ventricular myocytes.
Authors: YShimoni, LFirek, DSeverson, WGiles
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The electrophysiological properties of single ventricular myocytes from control rats and from rats made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (100 mg/kg body weight) have been investigated using whole-cell voltage-clamp measurements. Our major goal was to define the effects of diabetes on rate-dependent changes in action potential duration and the underlying outward K+ currents. As early as 4 to 6 days after STZ treatment, significant elevation of plasma glucose levels occurs, and the action potential duration increases. In both control and diabetic rats, when the stimulation rate is increased, the action potential is prolonged, but this lengthening is considerably more pronounced in myocytes from diabetic rats. In ventricular myocytes from diabetic rats, the Ca(2+)-independent transient outward K+ current (I(t)) is reduced in amplitude, and its reactivation kinetics are slowed. These changes result in a smaller I(t) at physiological heart rates. The steady-state outward K+ current (IK) also exhibits...